question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A change in color of medium from green to yellow after 48 hours during Snyder’s test is indicative of? | [
"No caries activity",
"Slight caries activity",
"Marked caries activity",
"Definite caries activity"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal myeloid/erythroid ratio is: | [
"0.736111111",
"3.513888889",
"0.111111111",
"1:50"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rigor mortis first start in - | [
"Upper eyelids",
"Lower eyelids",
"Lower limbs",
"Fingers"
] | A | Among the given options, upper eyelid is involved first. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Until the end of the 16th week, the placenta grows. At term, ratio of weight of fetus to weight of placenta is: | [
"3:01",
"4:01",
"6:01",
"8:01"
] | C | Placenta at term is a circular disc with diameter 15-20 cm and thickness of 2.5 cm. Its weight is 500 gm. The propoion of weight of the fetus to the weight of the placenta is roughly 6:1 at term and occupies about 30% of the uterine wall. At term, about four-fifths of the placenta is of fetal origin. Ref: Textbook of O... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A physician is punishable for infecting a normal healthy person with HIV positive needle, this comes under | [
"Sec 203 IPC",
"Sec 204 IPC",
"Sec 269 IPC",
"Sec 312 IPC"
] | C | Refer the byte "Legal sections". | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tetralogy of Fallot's present with one of the following? | [
"Cenral cyanosis with clubbing",
"Cardiomegaly",
"Left ventricular hyperophy",
"Normal ECG and Chest x-ray"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Central cyanosis with clubbing Clinical features of TOF : o Dysnea on exeion and exercise intolerance Most common. o Cyanosis usually presents after neonatal period o Hypoxemic or cyanotic spells (Tet spells) o Commonest congenital lesion with which squatting is used o Clubbing o Ausculatory findings ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements best represents Ludwing's Angina | [
"A type of coronary aery spasm",
"An infection of the cellular tissues around submandibular salivary gland",
"Oesophageal spasm",
"Retropharyngeal infection"
] | B | Ludwig described a clinical entity characterised by a brawny swelling of the submandibular region combined with inflammatory oedema of the mouth. It is these combined cervical and intraoral signs that constitute the characteristic feature of the lesion, as well as the accompanying putrid halitosis. The infection is oft... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Retrospective study is also known as- | [
"Case control study",
"Cross-sectional study",
"Cohort study",
"Experiment studies"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Case control study * Case control study is a common first approach to test causal hypothesis.* Case - Case is an individual who has developed the disease.* Control - Is an individual who has not developed the disease but is otherwise comparable to case (e.g. age, sex, occupation, social status etc).* ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fibrillation of skeletal muscle is associated with all except: March 2011 | [
"Long time after denervation",
"Hypersensitivity to acetylcholine",
"Lot of receptors over entire muscle cell membrane",
"Strong stimulus"
] | D | Ans. D: Strong stimulusWhen the motor nerve to a skeletal muscle is cut, it causes disuse atrophy of the muscle, complete paralysis of the muscle, fibrillations, abnormal excitability of the muscle and increased sensitivity to circulating acetylcholine (denervation hypersensitivity)FibrillationIt happens when muscle fi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Serial interval is a measure of ? | [
"Sensitivity",
"Specificity",
"Incubation period",
"Positive predictive value"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Incubation period "In actual pracatice we seldom know precisely the incubation period of a disease. But we know, when an outbreak of a disease occur, say in a family which is the smallest group and also a closed group, there is an initial primary case. The primary case is followed by two or three seco... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inversion injury at the ankle can cause all of the following EXCEPT: | [
"Fracture tip of lateral melleolus",
"Fracture base of the 5th metatarsal",
"Sprain of Ext. Digitorum brevis",
"Fracture of sustentaculam tali."
] | C | C i.e. Sprain of extensor digitorum brevis Inversion injury of ankle cause peroneal tendon sheath (not extensor digitorum brevis) sprain. Inversion Injury to ankle may lead to - Lateral collateral ligament injury (anterior talo fibularQ> calcaneofibular > posterior - talofibular ligament) - Peroneal tendon injuryQ - Av... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All satements are true about papilloedema except- | [
"Collection of extra - cellular fluid",
"Disruption of neurofilament",
"Stasis of axoplasmic transpo",
"Swelling of the axon"
] | B | Though, papilloedema is a neurological emergency, it is not associated with disruption of neurofilament Where as, all the other features are present Collection of extracellular fluid Stasis of axoplasmic transpo Swelling of axon Ref AK khurana 6/e p 324 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Arachidonic acid is synthesized from | [
"Stearic acid",
"Linoleic acid",
"Linolenic acid",
"Oleic acid"
] | B | Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) Normal dietary allowance of PUFA is 2-3% of total calories. Linoleic acid (o6, 18C, D 9,12) and linolenic acid (o3, 18C, D 9,12,15) are the only fatty acids which cannot be synthesized in the body. They have to be provided in the food; hence they are essential fatty acids. Arachidonic acid c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Depressed bridge of the nose may be due to any of the following except: | [
"Leprosy",
"Syphilis",
"Septal abscess",
"Acromegaly"
] | D | (d) Acromegaly(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 4/8/29)Acromegaly occurring due to growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma is characterised by enlargement of the nose. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 29-year-old male with HIV, on indinavir, zidovudine, and stavudine, presents with severe edema and a serum creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL. He has had bone pain for 5 years and takes large amounts of acetaminophen with codeine, aspirin, and ibuprofen. He is on prophylactic trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Blood pressure is 170... | [
"Indinavir toxicity",
"Analgesic nephropathy",
"Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole-induced interstitial nephritis",
"Focal sclerosis"
] | D | Although many glomerular lesions occur in association with HIV, focal sclerosis is by far the commonest etiology of this patient's syndrome. While focal sclerosis is more common in intravenous drug users than homosexuals, the lesion is different than so-called heroin nephropathy. Indinavir toxicity may cause tubular ob... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following will have maximum conductive hearing loss? | [
"Partial stapes fixation",
"Tympanic membrane perforation with intact ossicular chain",
"Tympanic membrane perforation with ossicular discontinuity",
"Intact tympanic membrane with ossicular discontinuity"
] | D | (Refer: PL Dhingra, Textbook of Ear, Nose, Throat, 6th edition, pg no: 34)
Hearing loss in conduction apparatus | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following increases secretion of GH? | [
"Senescence",
"Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)",
"Somatostatin",
"Hypoglycemia"
] | D | Hypoglycemia is a potent stimulus for GH. GH decreases with aging and in response to the hypothalamic inhibitory hormone somatostatin. GH secretion would decrease in response to both exogenous GH administration and IGF-1 as a result of negative feedback inhibition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hemoglobin H disease is caused by deletion | [
"Single a globin chain",
"Two a globin chains",
"Three a globin chains",
"All a globin chain"
] | C | Ans. (c) Three a globin chains(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 638)Classification of a-thalassemia:Normally 4 a-genes synthesize: 2 a chains -> a, a / a, aMost common cause of a -thalassemia is a -gene deletion (frame-shift mutation)9 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Triple therapy of H. pylori include all EXCEPT | [
"Omeprazole",
"Clarithromycin",
"Metronidazole",
"Sucralfate"
] | D | D. i.e. (Sucralfate) (949 -H17th)Recommended Regimens for Helicobacter PyloriRegimen DurationDrug 1Drug 2Drug 3Drug 4First line Treatment* Regimen 1 OCA (7-14 days)OmeprazoleClarithromycinAmoxicilline-* Regimen 2 OCM (7-14 days)OmeprazoleClarithromycinMetronidazole-Second Line Treatment Regimen 3 OBTM (14 days)Omeprazo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Row of tombstones is seen in | [
"Irritant dermatitis",
"Pemphigus Vulgaris",
"Bullous Pemphigoid",
"Paraneoplastic pemphigus"
] | B | row of tomb stones: it is a histopathological finding seen in pemphigus vulgaris in pemphigus vulgaris loss of coherence between keratinocytes leads to cleft and bullae in suprabasal zone. the basal cells remain attached to basement membrane but separated with each other producing a row of tomb stone appearence, charac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Molten wax appearance is seen in | [
"Achondroplasia",
"Pseudogout",
"Melorheostosis",
"Osteopetrosis"
] | C | Motten wax or Flowing candle wax appearance feature of Melorheostosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pyridoxin is known as - | [
"Vitamin B1",
"Vitamin B2",
"Vitamin B3",
"Vitamin B6"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vitamin B6 o Vitamin B1Thiamino Vitamin B2 -Riboflavino Vitamin B3 -Niacino Vitamin B5 -Pantothenic acido Vitamin B6 -Pyridoxino Vitamin B7 -Biotin or Vitamin Ho Vitamin B9 -Folic acido Vitamin B12 -Cobalamine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest helminth infection in AIDS is - | [
"Trichuris trichiura",
"Strongyloides stercoralis",
"Enterobius vermicularis",
"Necator americanus"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Number of t-RNA present in cells is | [
"23",
"25",
"28",
"30"
] | A | The number of tRNAs in most cells is more than the number of amino acids used in protein synthesis (20) and also differs from the number of amino acid codons in the genetic code (61)Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 596, 597 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest cause of acute pancreatitis is: | [
"Alcohol",
"Gail stones",
"Viruses",
"Hypertrigyceridemia"
] | B | (Gall stone): Ref: 1122-LB, 1896-H (1139-B & L 25th)ACUTE PANCREATITIS* Gallstone Continues to be the leading cause of acute pancreatitis in most series (30 - 60%) Alcohol is the second most common cause (15 - 30%). Hypertriglyceridemia (1.3 - 3.8%) ERCP (5 - 20%) Drug induced (2 - 5%)Clinical features - Pain is the ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not true about Klumpke's paralysis? | [
"Involves lower trunk of brachial plexus",
"Intrinsic muscles of hand are paralysed",
"Claw hand is a feature",
"Horner's syndrome can never be associated"
] | D | Klumpke's palsy: most common cause-traumatic vaginal delivery Occurs in lower trunk of brachial plexus (C8-T1) Claw hand is present due to the paralysis of intrinsic muscles of hand It is associated with Horner's syndrome Has poor prognosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Torsades de pointes causes ? | [
"Eide QRS",
"Short QRS",
"Wide QT",
"Short QT"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for Chagas disease: | [
"Metronidazole",
"Nitazoxanide",
"Pentamidine",
"Benzimidazole"
] | D | Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is treated using benzimidazole and Nifurtimox is used as alternative. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of Delirium? | [
"Impairment of consciousness and attention",
"Global disturbance of cognition",
"Disturbance of sleep-wake cycle",
"Catastrophic reaction"
] | D | (D) Catastrophic reaction # Characteristic features of Delirium: Acute Onset New memory registration & retention impaired Clouding of consciousness Disorientation in time, place & person Hallucination (often visual) Disturb sleep wake cycle, worsening of symptoms in evening and night (called sun downing) Psychomotor di... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis is? | [
"Ciprofloxacin",
"Rifampicin",
"Penicillin",
"Gentamycin"
] | A | The drugs of choice for mass prophylaxis includes ciprofloxacin,minocycline,spiramycin and ceftriaxone Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 176 | train | med_mcqa | null |
PAP smear is used for screening of Cervical cancer. It is classified under which level of prevention:- | [
"Primary",
"Secondary",
"Teiary",
"Primordial"
] | B | Screening & diagnostic tests comes under Secondary level of prevention. Secondary prevention - It halts the progress of disease at its incipient stage and prevent complication. Level Aim Modes Primordial prevention Prevention of emergence of development of risk factors Health education Primary prevention Action taken p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Forbe&;s disease is due to deficiency of | [
"Branching enzyme",
"Debranching enzyme",
"Myophosphorylase",
"Hepatic phosphorylase"
] | B | Glycogen storage disease type III is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder and inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency in glycogen debranching enzymes. It is also known as Cori&;s disease in honor of the 1947 Nobel laureates Carl Cori and Gey Cori. Other names include Forbes disease in honor of cli... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common gene associated with renal cell carcinoma is | [
"WT 1",
"BRCA 1",
"VHL",
"PATCH"
] | C | Renal cell carcinoma *Renal cancers are mostly sporadic, except for a 4% cases which appear familial *Familial renal cancers are due to mutation of VHL and MET genes*98% of all renal cancers (sporadic and familial) are due to VHL mutation encoded in chr3p*Most common cause of familial papillary renal cell carcinoma (ra... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Abnormal excretory function of hepatocytes may be assessed by: | [
"Increased PT",
"Increased ALT",
"Increased Alkaline Phosphatase",
"All"
] | C | Answer is C (Increased Alkaline Phosphatase) Abnormal excretory, function of hepatocytes leads to cholestasis. Enzymes that are used to reflect cholestasis may thus be used to assess the excretory function of hepatocytes indirectly. These enzymes include Alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase and gamma glutamy tran.sfer... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Decrease reflex response after repetitive stimulation is? | [
"Summation",
"Fatigue",
"Irradiation",
"Occlusion"
] | B | FatigueWhen a nerve is repetitively stimulated at a rapid rate, the number of charges by the postsynaptic neuron is at first very great but the firing rate becomes progressively less due to exhaustion of presynaptic neurotransmitter.This is called fatigue of synaptic transmission.Fatigue of synaptic transmission can ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hampton's line is feature of | [
"Benign ulcers",
"Malignant ulcers",
"Both",
"None of the above"
] | A | 'Hampton's line' :- - is thin radiolucent line seen at the neck of a gastric ulcer in barium studies - it is seen in benign gastric ulcer - it's caused by thin line of mucosa overhaning ulcer's crater Hampton's line Carman Meniscus sign - (in Malignant gastric ulcer) Duodenal ulcer: - is associated with increased acid ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Shiga toxin is preduced by- | [
"Enteropathogenic E coli",
"Enteroinvasive E coli",
"Enterohemorrhagic E coli",
"Enterotoxigenic E coli"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Enterohemorrhagic E coiiESCHERICHIA COLIAt least six distinct "pathotypes" of intestinal pathogenic E. coli exist:o Enteropathoaenic E. coli [Entcroadherent E. colilIt causes diarrhoea in infants and children usually occuring as institutional out breaks.It does not produce enterotoxin, nor are they in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fomepizole is used for | [
"Ethylene glycol poisoning",
"Ethyl alcohol poisoning",
"Ether poisoning",
"Type A lactic acidosis"
] | A | Fomepizole is used as antidote in ethylene glycol poisoning Reference Harrison 20 edition pg 768 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following anaesthetic agents has the least analgesic effect? | [
"N2O",
"Ether",
"Halothane",
"Cyclopropane"
] | C | N2O is a potent analgesic but not a potent anesthetic. Halothane is a good anaesthetic but poor analgesic. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a branch of the posterior cord of brachial plexus? | [
"Thoracodorsal nerve",
"Axillary nerve",
"Lower subscapular nerve",
"Ulnar nerve"
] | D | Ans:D.)Ulnar Nerve.Cords of Branchial Plexus: LATERAL CORDLATERAL PECTORAL NERVEC5,C6,C7PECTORALIS MAJOR -LATERAL CORDMUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVEC5,C6,C7CORACOBRACHIALIS , BRACHIALIS, BICEPS BRACHIILATERAL CUTANEOUS OF FOREARMLATERAL CORDLATERAL ROOT OF MEDIAN NERVEC5,C6,C7FIBERS TO MEDIAN NERVE(Flexion muscle) -POSTERIOR C... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Abductor of vocal cords is ? | [
"Thyroarytenoid",
"Lateral cricoarytenoid",
"Posterior cricoarytenoid",
"Cricothyroid"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Posterior cricoarytenoid Abductors : Adductors : Tensors : Posterior cricoarytenoid Lateral cricoarytenoid Interarytenoid (transverse arytenoid) Thyroarytenoid (external pa) Cricothyroid Cricothyroid Vocalis (internal pa of thyroarytenoid) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antigen-antibody reaction is detected by (PGI Nov 2009) | [
"ELISA",
"Southern blot",
"Northern blot",
"Western blot"
] | A | Ans: A (ELISA) & D (Western blot) "In western blots (also called immunoblots) protein molecules in the sample are separated by electrophoresis & blotted (transferred) to a membrane. The probe is a labeled antibody, which produces a band at the location of its antigen"- Lippincott's Biochemistry 4th/484Table (Lippincott... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Except: | [
"Hypoxemia",
"Alveolar capillary constriction",
"Hyperplasia of type II Pneumocytes",
"Hemosiderin laden macrophages"
] | B | Answer is B (Alveolar capillary constriction): Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis is associated with alveolar capillary dilatation and not alveolar capillary constriction. Pathological Features of Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Bland Alveolar hemorrhage (without capillaritis or inflammation of blood vessels) Hyperp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chance of passing a genetic disease &;y&; trait by the affected parents to children is 0.16. They plan to have two children. Prabability of both the children having &;y&; trait is - | [
"zero",
"0.16",
"0.32",
"0.0256"
] | D | <p> In the given question, chance of passing a Genetic disease &;y&; trait by the affected parents to children is 0.16 and they plan to have two children, Probability of 1st child having &;y&; trait P(A)=0.16(16%). Probability of 2nd child having &;y&; trait,P(B)= 0.16(16%). Probability of both the children having &;y&... | train | med_mcqa | null |
CCF is associated with increase in all of the following, except: | [
"Right atrial mean pressure",
"Serum sodium",
"Serum urea",
"Serum norepinephrine"
] | B | Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is associated with decreased sodium levels or hyponatremia. CCF is associated with increased right atrial mean pressure, increased serum urea and increased serum nor-epinephrine. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th Edition, Page 1447 & 1448; 16th Edition, Page 255, 136... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The PEFR of a group of 11 year old girls follow a normal distrubution with mean 300 1/min and standard deviation 20 1/min - | [
"About 95% of the girls have PEFR between 260 and 340 1/min.",
"The girls have healthy lungs",
"About 5% of girls have PEFR below 260 1/min.",
"All the PEFR must be less than 340 1/min."
] | A | 1 SD includes → 68% of values
2 SD includes → 95% of values
3 SD includes → 99.7% of values
In this question
Mean PEFR = 300 L/min
SD = 2 L/min
Area around 1SD on either side of mean (x ± 1SD) will include 68% of values, i.e.
x± 1SD=300±20
So, 68% of girls have PEFR between 280 & 320 L/min.
Area around 2SD on eithe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55 year old male presents with features of Obstructive Jaundice. He also repos a weight loss of seven kilograms in last two months. On CT scan, the CBD is dilated till the lower end and the main pancreatic duct is also dialated. Pancreas is normal. The most likely diagnosis is - | [
"Choledocholithiasis",
"Carcinoma Gallbladder",
"Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma",
"Periampullary Carcinoma"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Periampullary carcinoma Old age with significant loss points towards a neoplastic etiology Dilatation of both CBD and pancreatic duct is a strong evidence in our of Periampullary ca. Periampullary Ca includes a group of malignant neoplasms arising at or near the ampulla of Vater. Because of this commo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fiberoptic endoscopy is contraindicated in - | [
"Children",
"Aneurysm of arch of aoa",
"Cervical spondylosis",
"Hemoptysis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Aneurysm of arch of aoa | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a radioactive substance? | [
"Bromide",
"P32",
"C13",
"I127"
] | B | P-32 is a radio-active substance. It is a beta emitter with a half-life of 14 days. It is used for systemic radiotherapy of Polycythemia Vera. I-127 is a normal iodine and it is not a radio-active substance | train | med_mcqa | null |
Example for symptom index | [
"OHI Index",
"Plaque Index",
"Bleeding Index",
"DMFT"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about global warming is | [
"CO2 is the major greenhouse gas",
"Stratosphere ozone layer is harmful",
"CFC increases stratosphere ozone layer",
"Kyoto protocol called for 20% reduction in greenhouse effect."
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. C02 is the major greenhouse gas CO2 and water vapour are the two most important and major greenhouse gases.Global warming is a vast topic to be discussed in detail here. So we will deal with it briefly in context of the given options.Global warming:Global warming is the increase in the temperature of e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 32 week pregnant lady presents in emergency room with continuous bleeding per vaginum. The uterus is painful and tender. Most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Circumvallate placenta",
"Rupture of membranes",
"Placenta pre",
"Accidental hemorrhage"
] | D | The above mentioned symptoms are usually seen in antepaum Hemorrhage. Most common type of APH is Accidental hemorrhage also known as abruptio placentae (32 percent) , Placenta pre (21 percent), and cervical bleeding (6.6 percent). Abruption will have painful bleeding which is due to intravasation of blood into the uter... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Plica triangularis is present in | [
"Antero-inferior pa of tonsil",
"Dorsum of tongue",
"Inlet of larynx",
"None"
] | A | The plica triangularis is a triangular vestigeal fold of mucous membrane covering the anteroinferior pa of the tonsil. The plica semilunaris, is a similar semilunar fold that may cross the upper pa of the tonsillar sinus. Ref: BD Chaurasia's HUMAN ANATOMY, Volume 3, 4th edition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Erythema nodosum can seen in following except | [
"Acute pancreatitis",
"TB",
"SLE",
"Pregnancy"
] | A | Erythema Nodosum: Etiology: a. Idiopathic b. Medical causes, excluding infections i Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disease (granulomatous mastitis)ii Inflammatory bowel disease iii Diveiculitis iv Rheumatological and autoimmune diseases, including lupus erythematosus, Reiter's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, Behcet'... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are common causes of haematemesis except - | [
"Chronic peptic ulcer",
"Pernicious anemia",
"Esophageal varices",
"Carcinoma of stomach"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs): | [
"Recognize the same antigens as CD4 T cells",
"Secrete cytokines that stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of B cells",
"Are impoant in the control of viral infections",
"Most often recognize antigens that have been phagocytosed, degraded, and presented on the surface of an APC"
] | C | Cytotoxic CD8 T cells recognize peptides derived from antigens synthesized within the cell when presented by MHC class I molecules. This mechanism allows presentation of peptides derived from viruses. Also Know: Cytotoxic (cytolytic) T lymphocytes are also specific effectors of the cellular immune response, paicularly ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The dorsal pa of the Ventral Mesogastrium forms: | [
"Greater Omentum",
"Lesser Omentum",
"Falciform Ligament",
"Lineorenal Ligament"
] | B | The dorsal pa of the Ventral Mesogastrium forms the Lesser Omentum. Mesentery of the Foregut and its derivatives: The abdominal pa of the foregut possesses both ventral and dorsal mesenteries, which are termed ventral mesogastrium and dorsal mesogastrium. During formation of the ventral mesentery the liver grows rapidl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for schizophrenic patient with poor oral absorption is: | [
"Haloperidol",
"Fluphenazine",
"Clozapine",
"Olanzapie"
] | C | Clozapine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Exenatide is drug prescribed for which disease: | [
"Osteoporosis",
"Diabetes",
"Hyperthyroidism",
"Infertility"
] | B | Ans. B. DiabetesExenatide is new drug which is a GLP -1 analogue. It delays the gastric emptying, has a role in appetite control and also release of insulin. It controls post prandial hyperglycemia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
After bone fracture, primary healing will show which of these features: | [
"Callus molding can be evaluated on the radiograph.",
"Cannot be seen.",
"Fracture line disappears very soon radiographically.",
"Does not disappear."
] | C | Primary or direct healing with rigid fixation of bone segments prevents any interfragmentary mobility and causes bone healing where no callus forms. The bones instead go on to heal by a process of haversian remodeling. Histologically, osteoclasts cross the fracture gap and are followed by blood vessels and osteoblasts.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A surgeon was doing a laparoscopic hernia surgery and he visualized the Triangle of doom. Which of the following is not the boundary of the same? | [
"Vas deferens",
"Gonadal Vessels",
"Reflected peritoneum",
"Inguinal ligament"
] | D | Ans. (d) Inguinal ligamentRef: Schwartz 10th ed; pg. 1499-1501Triangle of doomTriangle of pain* Medially - Vas deferens* Laterally Gonadal vessels* Interiorly - Reflected peritoneum* Medially - gonadal vessels* Laterally - Reflected peritoneum* Above by Iliopubic tractContents - External iliac vessels, Deep circumflex ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The other name for factor X is: | [
"Stuart Power factor.",
"Calcium ion.",
"PTC.",
"PTA."
] | A | The coagulation factors are numbered in the order of their discovery. There are 13 numerals but only 12 factors. Factor VI was subsequently found to be part of another factor. The following are coagulation factors and their common names:
• Factor I - fibrinogen
• Factor II - prothrombin
• Factor III - tissue thrombopla... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most Cardio toxic local anaesthetic is? | [
"Lignocaine",
"Bupivacaine",
"Prilocaine",
"Procaine"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) BupivacaineREF: Miller 5th ed p. 586, Local Anesthesia in dentistry By Paul D, Robinson, Fraser McDonald, Thomas R. Pitt Fordt T. R. Pitt For page 75Bupivacaine:Most cardiotoxic and long acting amideMost potent and best agent for isobaric and spinal AnesthesiaContraindicated in IV Anesthesia due to cardioto... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about CT scan features of adrenal adenoma are true, EXCEPT: | [
"Calcification is Rare",
"Low Attenuation",
"Early enhancement with slow wash out of contrast",
"Regular margins"
] | C | Adrenal adenoma exhibit rapid washout on contrast enhanced CTscan. On CT adrenal adenomas are usually solitary and well encapsulated lesions less than 3cm in diameter. They are typically homogenous in their attenuation and enhancement pattern. Benign adrenal adenomas have high intracellular lipid content therefore has ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best assessment of protein binding regions on a DNA molecule can be done by: | [
"DNA footprinting",
"PCR",
"Microarray",
"Western blotting"
] | A | Answer-(a) DNA footprinting DNA footprinting- An in-vitro technique to find out protein binding regions on a DNA molecule. The technique is also called as DNAse I footprinting.Thousands of proteins (enzymes) are interacting with DNA in the nucleus for regulating activities like replication, transcription, translation e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 3-year old child is able to perform all of the following activities, except: | [
"Climbing stairs with alternate feet",
"Riding a tricycle",
"Cursive writing",
"Copying a circle"
] | C | Cursive writing is not possible by a 3 year old child. Cursive writing means flowing, not disconnected writing in which the strokes of the letters are joined in each word. At 2 years of age the child can climb stairs by bringing both his feet up on one step before climbing to next step. At 3 years he can climb stairs w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Route of DPT vaccine is - | [
"Oral",
"Subcutaneous",
"Intramuscular",
"Intravenous"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Intramuscular DPT Vaccineo DPwT : Popularly known as triple antigen, DTwP is composed of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids as well as killed whole cell pertussis bacilli adsorbed on insoluble aluminium salts which act as adjuvants. The content of diphtheria toxoid varies from 20 to 30 Lf and that of teta... | train | med_mcqa | null |
patient came with a small solitary nodule in right lobe of thyroid FNAC Shows follicular adenoma .The best surgery is | [
"Enucleation",
"Sub-total thyroidectomy",
"Righ hemithyroidectomy",
"Near total thyroidectomy"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lichenisation occurs in which layer of skin? | [
"Stratum malpighi",
"Stratum corneum",
"Stratum lucidum",
"Stratum granulosum"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Stratum malpighi | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diuretic causing gynaecomastia is - | [
"Lubiprostone",
"Spironolactone",
"Cimetidine",
"Chlorthalidone"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Spironolactone Drugs causing gynecomastia* Calcium channel antagonist* Isoniazide* Reserpine* Clomiphene* Ketoconazole* Digitalis* Methyldopa* Estrogens* Testosterone* Flutamide* Phenytoin* Cimetidine* Ethionamide* Griseofulvin* Goserelin* Griseofulvin* Spironolactone* Cyprotenrone acetate Note: Cimet... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Heat stable enterotoxin causing food poisoning is caused by all the following except - | [
"Bacillus cereus",
"Yersinia enterocolitica",
"Staphylococcus",
"Clostridium perfringens"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Clostridium Perfringens Heat labile toxin Heat stable toxins . Clostridium perfringens . Staph aureus . LT of ETEC . Y. enterocolitica (Harrison 15th/e 999) . V. cholerae . ST of ETEC . Diarrheal form of B. cereus . Emetic form of B. cereus (Similar to LT of ETEC) (Similar to staph. enterotoxin) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fouh ventricle develops from: | [
"Telencephalon",
"Mesencephalon",
"Diencephalon",
"Rhombencephalon"
] | D | Lateral ventricle develops from the cavity of telencephalon. Third ventricle develops from diencephalon. Cavity of mesencephalon remains narrow and forms the aqueduct, while the cavity of rhombencephalon forms the fouh ventricle.Ref: Human Embryology By Inderbir singh, 7th edition, Page 306 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Select false statement regarding Rabies infection Rabies is dead end infection in man Can be transmitted by aerosols Suturing is usually recommended on local wound Human Rabies immunoglobulin dose - 10 IU/kg Human bite can transmit Rabies infection | [
"2, 3, 4, 5",
"2, 3, 4",
"4, 5",
"3, 4, 5"
] | D | Rabies is dead end infection in man. Can be transmitted by aerosols (Rabies infected bats). Suturing not recommended; if necessary, do 24-48 hours later. Cleansing: Flush and wash wound area with plenty of soap and running water for minimum 5-10 minutes. Human Rabies immunoglobin dose - 20 IU/kg. Human & rat bite don't... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a case of direct occipito-posterior position (face to pubis delivery) most commonly encountered problem is: | [
"Intracranial injury",
"Cephalhematoma",
"Paraurethral tears",
"Complete perineal tears"
] | D | Ans. is d, i.e. Complete perineal tearsRef. Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 370In face to pubis delivery - the most common complication is perineal tear as the occiput is posterior and thus the longer biparietal diameter (9.4 cm) distends the perineum rather than the smaller bitemporal diameter (8 cm). Hence in all such cases libera... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 year old man who met with a motor vehicle catastrophe came to the casualty hospital in an hour with severe maxillofacial trauma. His Pulse rate was 120/min, BP was 100/70 mm Hg, Sp02 -80% with oxygen. What would be the immediate management | [
"Nasotracheal intubation",
"Orotracheal intubation",
"Intravenous fluid",
"Tracheostomy"
] | B | Orotracheal intubation Patients with severe maxillofacial trauma and with low Sp02 even on oxygen suggests severe airway compromise or obstruction. In these cases emergency airway management is essential. The patient require immediate oxygen. - These patients needs to be intubated immediately. - But an impoant point to... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Posterolateral Anconeus triangle is formed by all, except | [
"Head of the radius",
"Medical epicondyl",
"Lateral epicondyl",
"Olecrenon"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which polyp has maximum malignant potential ? | [
"Sessile",
"Pedunculated",
"Superficial spreading",
"Any of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sessile Polyp --> Polyp is a grossly visible protrusion from the mucosal surface and it is classified pathologically as. a) Adenomatous polyp b) Juvenile polyp (hamaomatous polyps) c) Inflammatory polyp d) Hyper plastic polyp (hyperplastic mucosal proliferation) Adenomatous polyps These are premaligna... | train | med_mcqa | null |
16 year old female presents with primary amenorrhoea with B/L inguinal hernia. She has normal sexual development with no pubic hair. USG shows no uterus and ovaries and a blind vagina. Diagnosis is : | [
"Turner's syndrome",
"Mullerian agenesis",
"STAR syndrome",
"Androgen insensitivity syndrome"
] | D | Ans. is d i.e. Androgen insensitivity syndrome | train | med_mcqa | null |
Articulated diagnostic casts help in the following, except | [
"Diagnostic wax up to evaluate outcome",
"Detailed analysis of occlusal plane and occlusion",
"Fabrication of wax patterns for casting",
"Performing mock tooth preparation"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year-old gynecologist complains of dysphagia, regurgitation, and weight loss. She also states that she feels as if food is stuck at the level of the xiphoid. An upright chest x-ray shows a dilated esophagus with an air-fluid level. Which of the following is FALSE? | [
"A barium swallow will show a \"bird's beak\" deformity",
"Manometry will demonstrate that the LES fails to relax during swallowing.",
"Upper endoscopy should be avoided because of the risk of complications.",
"Medical treatment includes nitrates and calcium channel blockers."
] | C | The symptoms and radiologic findings in this patient suggest achalasia. Evaluation includes endoscopy to rule out a stricture or cancer. Barium swallow will show a dilated esophagus, failure of the LES to relax during swallowing, and a lack of peristalsis. Nonoperative management is of limited usefulness but may be con... | train | med_mcqa | null |
a child when he beats another children is not allowed to watch the tv which he likes the most, what is the line of management | [
"dynamic therapy",
"behaviour therapy",
"analytic therapy",
"cognitive therapt"
] | B | Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lipoprotein X is most likely to be seen with in - | [
"Cholestasis",
"Gilbe syndrome",
"Increased intake of trans fatty acids",
"Increased intake of PUPA"
] | A | Lipoprotein X is an abnormal lipoprotein that appears in the serum samples of patients with obstructive jaundice and is a marker of cholestasis. Lipoprotein X is primarily responsible for the unusual lipid composition and characteristic plasma lipid concentrations in obstructive jaundice Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 90... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Weight in Kg is - | [
"Normal variable",
"Discrete variable",
"Confounding variable",
"Continuous variable"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mees lines are characteristic of which poisoning? | [
"Phosphorus",
"Arsenic",
"Lead",
"Thalliam"
] | B | Mes line(Aldrich mees line) are very charactristic of Arsenic poisoning.They are white bands of opacity in the nails of fingers and toes. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Among the following alternatives, which is not observed in Colles Fracture? | [
"Radial displacement",
"Volar tilt",
"Dorsal displacement",
"Radial supination"
] | B | Ans. B. Volar tiltA severe Colles fracture may assume a fork shaped displacement.* Dorsal tilt* Dorsal displacement of the distal fragment* Loss of ulnar inclination^* Associated fracture of the ulnar styloid process in more than 60% of cases.* Radial angulation of the wrist* Comminution at the fracture site* Radial sh... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Role of calcitonin is: | [
"Lower Ca level",
"Increase Ca level",
"Decrease PO4",
"None of the above"
] | A | Lower Ca level | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 26-year-old male presents with acute right lower quadrant pain in abdomen. Suspecting appendicitis, a USG is done but it is equivocal. Next investigation would be: | [
"CT scan",
"Plain X-ray",
"Serum ESR",
"MRI abdomen"
] | A | Ans. (a) CT scanRef: Bailey and Love 26th edition, Page 1206* Most commonly done investigation is USG abdomen* Most accurate investigation -- CECT scan | train | med_mcqa | null |
Raised AFP's is typically seen in - | [
"Hepatitis",
"Seminoma",
"HCC",
"All of the above"
] | C | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition alpha feto protein is a glycoprotein synthesized normally by fetal liver cells. Their serum levels are elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma and non seminomatous germcell tumours of the testis. . | train | med_mcqa | null |
YAG laser is used in | [
"Retinal detachment",
"diabetes",
"Refractive errors",
"After cataract"
] | D | Posterior capsular opacity/after cataract treated by ND-YAG capsulotomy A Yag capsulotomy is a special laser treatment used to improve your vision after cataract surgery. It is a simple, commonly performed procedure which is very safe. During your cataract operation, the natural lens inside your eye that had become clo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A drug that binds to a receptor at a site distinct from the active site and alters the affinity of the receptor for the endogenous ligand is a:- | [
"Competitive antagonist",
"Inverse against",
"Paial agonist",
"Allosteric modulator"
] | D | * Allosteric modulator that binds to a receptor at a site distinct from the active site and alters the affinity of the receptor for the endogenous ligand. * Competitive antagonist binds to the same site as that of agonist, produces surmountable effect i.e. effect of antagonist can be overcome by increasing concentratio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The CAT in pediatric dentistry is | [
"Caries Activity Test",
"Caries Advancement Test",
"Caries Risk Assessment Tool",
"Child Aptitude Test"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment agent for scarlet fever is | [
"Penicillin",
"Ciprofloxacin",
"Erythromycin",
"Chloramphenicol"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Penicillin Treatment : Immediate hospitalization and isolation of the patient is indicated. Penicillin is the treatment of choice. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The foetal circulation is first intact and functional, separated from maternal circulation at the age of: | [
"8 days",
"12 days",
"17 days",
"21 days"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Grave's disease is characterized by: | [
"Goiter.",
"Thyrotoxicosis.",
"Exophthalmos.",
"All of the above."
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maltese cross is characteristic feature of: | [
"Cryptococcus neoformans",
"Babesia microti",
"Blastomycosis",
"Penicillium marfeni"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Babesia microti(Ref: Jawetz, 24th/e, p. 680; Clinical Hematology, 4th/e, p. 108)* Intraerythrocytic infection of Babesiosis is characterized by Maltese cross and it is transmitted by tick. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Uterus is formed by | [
"Urogenital sinus",
"Parameronephric duct",
"Mcronephric duct",
"Mullerian duct"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a contraindication for pulp
capping and pulpotomy: | [
"Accidental exposure in a vital tooth",
"If there is inflammation of the radicular pulp and pain",
"Greatly curved and tortuous roots",
"None of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Job's syndrome is the following type of immunonodeficiency disease | [
"Humoral immunodeficiency",
"Cellular immunodeficiency",
"Disorder of complement",
"Disorder of phagocytosis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Disorder of phagocytosis Jobs syndrome is defect in phagocytic function. It is characterized by cold staphylococcal abscess, atopic eczema, otitis media; serum immunoglobulins are normal except IgE that is elevated | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drugs used in the treatment of pruritus in PBC? | [
"Rifampicin",
"Naltrexone",
"Cholestyramine",
"All of the above"
] | D | The main symptoms of PBC are fatigue and pruritus, and symptom management is impoant.Several therapies have been tried for treatment of fatigue, but none of them have been successful; frequent naps should be encouraged. Pruritus is treated with antihistamines, narcotic receptor antagonists (naltrexone), and rifampin. C... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Loop diuretics acts on? | [
"Descending limb",
"Thick ascending limb",
"Cortical segment",
"Collecting duct"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) Ascending limbREF: Goodman Gillman pharmacology 11th ed page 482See APPENDIX-14 below for "RENAL PHYSIOLOGY"Loop diuretics inhibit the activity of the Na+-- K+--2C1- symporter in the TAL (thick ascending limb) of the loop of Henle, hence, their designation as loop diuretics.DIURETICSITE OF ACTIONMECHANISM O... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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