question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Which of these pass through aortic hiatus | [
"Thoracic duct and azygos vein",
"Thoracic duct and gastric artery",
"Vagus nerve with oesophagus",
"Aorta with oesophagus"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e Thoracic duct and azygous vein Structures passing through the large openings in the diaphragmThe aortic openingaorta*thoracic duct* azygos vein*Oesophageal openingOesophagus*Gastric (vagus) nerves*Oesophageal branches of the left gastric artery*Vena caval openingthe inferior vena cava*branches of the ri... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common testicular tumour in 4th decade is: March 2009 | [
"Teratoma",
"Dermoid",
"Seminoma",
"All of the above"
] | C | Ans. C: Seminoma Peak incidence for teratomas is 20-35 years and for seminomas is 35-45 years Seminoma is rare before pubey. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding thiopentone all are true except | [
"Sodium carbonate is added to improve its solubility",
"Cerebro protective",
"Contraindicated in porphyria",
"Induction agent of choice in shock"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Induction agent of choice in shock Thiopentone is a short acting barbiturate used in the induction of anaesthesia.Anaesthetic barbiturates are derivatives of Barbituric acid with an oxygen or sulfur at 2 position.The three barbiturates commonly used for clinical anaesthesia are :Sodium thiopentalThiamy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of choice for the annular pancreas is | [
"Gastro jejunostomy",
"Pancreatectomy",
"Whipple's procedure",
"Duodeno duodenostomy"
] | D | Annular pancreas is the most common congenital malformation of the pancreas in association with duodenal atresia.Two types of the annular pancreas are recognized. (1) Extramural - causing high gastrointestinal (duodenal) obstruction; vomiting is the most common presenting symptom (2) Intramural - producing duodenal ulc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intraluminal amoebicide of choice is? | [
"Metronidazole",
"Diloxanide furoate",
"Chloroquine",
"Tetracycline"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diloxanide furoate Drug therapy for Amoebiasis 1. Asymptomatic carrier (asymtomatic cyst passers) ---)Diloxanide furoate is the DOC. 2. Invasive amoebiasis (acute colitis, extraintestinal amoebiasis. e.g. liver abscess) Metronidazole or Tinidazole (DOC) Plus Diloxanide furoate. Note - In invasive ameb... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 54 year old female patient undergoes a routine insurance physical examination. Chest x-ray revealed bilateral hilar masses. Biopsy of the masses shows granulomata, but acid-fast and fungal stains are negative for organisms. Which of the following diseases should be suspected? | [
"Caroli's disease",
"Raynaud's disease",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Scleroderma"
] | C | Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomata in a variety of organs. The disease may be symptomatic (respiratory and constitutional symptoms) or may be discovered incidentally when chest x-ray or autopsy reveals bilateral hilar adenopathy. Definitive diagnosis is based on biopsy, which... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Height of a newborn doubles at:September 2005, March 2010 | [
"1 year",
"2 year",
"3 year",
"4 year"
] | D | Ans. D: 4 yearIn general, length in normal term infants increases about 30% by 5 months and > 50% by 12 months; infants grow 25 cm during the 1st yr; and height at 4 yr is about double bih length. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Targeted intervention for HIV is done for all except | [
"Commercial sex worker",
"Migrant laborers",
"Street children",
"Industrial worker"
] | D | Industrial worker is not included in the targeted intervention. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,23rd edition,page no:436,20th edition,pg no:373. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Brain death criteria include all except | [
"Absent corneal reflex",
"Absent deep tendon reflexes",
"Apnea test",
"Absent oculocelphalic reflex"
] | B | (B) Absent deep tendon reflexes # BRAIN DEATH is present when there is irreversible loss of all brain function, both brain-stem function and cortical (hemisphere) function.> Brain death criteria -- Loss of brainstem function & Absent cranial nerve reflexes - Pupillary light reflex; Corneal reflex; Oculo vestibular refl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eyebrows don't grow beyond certain length as they have a short - | [
"Anagen phase",
"Telogen phase",
"Catagen phase",
"Exogen phase"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anagen phase o Hair grows in cycles of various phases. Anagen is growth phase. Catagen is involuting or regression phase. Telogen is resting phase. Exogen is shedding phase.o Normally 90% of the follicles are in anagen phase, 10-14% are in Telogen and 1-2% are in catagen.o The cycles duration is varia... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The Sagittal split mandibular operation | [
"is a good operation for closing an anterior open bite.",
"Has a very low incidence of inferior dental nerve anaesthesia or paraesthesia with a skilled operator.",
"Has a lower morbidity when used for pushing back a mandible than an intra oral vertical subsigmoid osteotomy.",
"Rarely leads to a non union of t... | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inability to suck on a straw may indicate lesion of which nerve? | [
"II",
"V",
"VII",
"IX"
] | C | The orbicularis oris muscle encircles the opening of the mouth and helps to bring the lips together to keep the mouth closed. Pursing of mouth is due to orbicularis oris inseed into lips and angle of mouth supplied by VII nerve.The muscles of facial expression are innervated by branches of the facial nerve (VII). After... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rural and Urban difference in prevalence is seen in all of the following, except: | [
"Lung cancer",
"Tuberculosis",
"Mental illness",
"Chronic bronchitis"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding NK cells, FALSE statement is: | [
"It is activated by IL-2",
"They express inhibitory receptors that recognize MHC class I",
"It is a variant of large lymphocyte",
"There is antibody induced proliferation of NK cells"
] | D | Antibodies do not induce proliferation of NK cells. NK cells can kill virus infected cells without antibodies, but IgG antibody can enhance their effectiveness, a process called antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Impoant features of NK cells: Are large granular lymphocytes They lack T cell receptor, CD 3 protein... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardiac anomaly associated with TOF false is | [
"Cyanotic hea disease",
"RVH",
"ASD",
"VSD"
] | D | ASD not seen in TOF Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:420 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Latest WHO classification and measurement of disability is - | [
"IDEAS",
"ICD",
"ICIDH-II",
"WHO DAS I"
] | B | Inorder that statistics from different countries may be comparable,WHO publishes International classification of Diseases which is updated every 10 th year.The tenth revision of ICD came into effect from 1 st January (refer pgno:920 park 23rd edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aseptic necrosis is commoner in fractures of: September 2011 | [
"Calcaneum",
"Scaphoid",
"Cuboid",
"Trapezium"
] | B | Ans. B: Scaphoid The blood supply of the Scaphoid is precarious In fractures through the waist, there is high probability of the proximal fragment becoming avascular | train | med_mcqa | null |
A previously healthy eight year old boy presented to the emergency depament with high grade fever, ahralgia, pruritic erythematous rash and lymphadenopathy. He has completed 8 days out of a 10 day course of cefaclor for an upper respiratory tract infection. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis | [
"Kawasaki Disease",
"Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction",
"Serum sickness Like Illness (SSLI)",
"Henoch schonlein purpura"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Serum sickness Like Illness SSLI occurs from an abnormal inflammatory reaction that occurs in response to defective metabolism of drug by products generated during pharmacotherapy. Therefore, it is also called serum sickenss like drug reaction (SSLDR). SSLDR is must commonly seen after exposure to cef... | train | med_mcqa | null |
`S' component of SAFE- | [
"Screening",
"Surgery",
"Steroids",
"None"
] | B | SAFE strategy developed by the WHO is the key to the treatment of trachoma. This consists of Surgery (S) on the lids. Antibiotics to treat the community pool of infection (A), Facial cleanliness (F); and Environmental changes (E). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following leukemia is associated with a convent girl appearance? | [
"Chronic myleogenous leukemia",
"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia",
"Hairy cell leukemia",
"Diffuse large B cell lymphoma"
] | B | In the neoplastic cells have similar appearance when seen in peripheral smear, k/a Convent girl appearance. CLL - "Convent girl". (Image below) Whereas , CML (image below) shows "college girl" or "garden pay appearance" Above image is of CML showing leukocytosis with the presence of precursor cells of the myeloid linea... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Abdominal pain, fat malabsorption & frothy stools suggests - | [
"Amoebiasis",
"Bacillary dysentry",
"Giardiasis",
"All"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Giardiasis . Abdominal pain, fat malabsorption and frothy stool can occur both in giardiasis and pancreatic enzyme deficiency (chronic pancreatitis). Amoebiasis and bacillary dysentry do not cause malabsorption. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most important hormone that increases gallbladder contraction after a fatty meal is: | [
"Gastrin",
"Secretin",
"CCK",
"GIP"
] | C | Ans. c. CCK (Ref: Ganong 23/e p443-446)Cholecystokinin (CCK) increases gallbladder contraction after a fatty meal.Cholecystokinin (CCK):Stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretionQContraction of the gallbladderQRelaxation of the sphincter of OddiQGastrin:Produced by G cells in the antral portion of gastric mucosaQ.It ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fosaprepitant is used as: | [
"Anitidepressant",
"Anitiemetic",
"Antihypeensive",
"Diuretic"
] | B | Neurokinin 1 (NK1)-receptor antagonists have antiemetic propeies that are mediated through central blockade in the area postrema. Aprepitant (an oral formulation) is a highly selective NK1-receptor antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and occupies brain NK1 receptors. It has no affinity for serotonin, dopami... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Theres is an outbreak of MRSA infection in a ward. What is the best way to control the infection - | [
"Vancomycin given empirically to all patients",
"Fumigation of ward frequently",
"Washing hand before and after attending patients",
"Wearing masks before any invasive procedure in ICU"
] | C | <p> Washing of hands before and after attending the patients as MOST COMMON ROUTE OF INFECTION is hands. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:359. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
'Patterned' abrasion is variety of: | [
"Linear abrasion",
"Pressure abrasion",
"Sliding abrasion",
"Superficial bruise"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' ie pressure abrasion (Ref: Parikh; 6/e, p4.3).An abrasion is a superficial injury involving only the superficial layers of the skin (epidermis only), caused by friction and / or pressure between the skin and some rough object or surface. It bleeds very slightly, heals rapidly in a few days and leaves no sca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
There are hard dark brown lesions on the labial surface of all four primary cuspids in seven year old child, the teeth are not painful and scraping with spoon excavator yields only a few flecks of dried discoloured dentin. What are these lesions? | [
"Active carious lesions",
"Arrested carious lesions",
"Local enamel hypoplasia",
"Abrasion"
] | B | Arrested caries
With the shift in the oral conditions, even advanced lesions may become arrested. Arrested caries involving dentin shows a marked brown pigmentation and induration of the lesion . There are hard dark brown lesions, the teeth are not painful and scraping with spoon excavator yields only a few flecks of d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Investigation of choice to assess cardiotoxicity of anthracycline drugs is | [
"Echocardiogram",
"Myocardial biopsy",
"ECG",
"CT angiography"
] | A | The best noninvasive method to study the LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) is Multiple Gated (MUGA or gated blood pool imaging) radioneuclide scan using Stannous pyrophosphate to label RBC’s and 9mTC pertechnetate for imaging. Altered Ejection Fraction is a contraindication for anthracycline drugs. However Echo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug distribution is inversely propoional to | [
"Plasma protein binding",
"Lipid Solubility",
"fat layer in the body",
"structure of drug"
] | A | The extent of distribution of a drug depends on its lipid solubility, ionization at physiological pH, the extent of binding to plasma and tissue proteins, differences in regional blood flow. If PPB is high VD is low, PPB is inversly propoional to vd drugs with low vd usually have high ppb ref; KD Tripathi pharmacology ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 75-year-old woman with well-controlled diabetes complains of poor eyesight. A grayish-white opacification of lens is found during a comprehensive eye examination. Which of the following metabolic pathways is most likely involved in this lens abnormality? | [
"Aldose reductase pathway",
"Amino acid degradation cycle",
"Citric acid cycle",
"Oxidative phosphorylation"
] | A | - Given clinical features suggests the diagnosis of cataract. Aldose reductase pathway has been implicated in pathogenesis of diabetic complications in some tissues, including formation of cataracts. Glucose is conveed to sorbitol (sugar alcohol) by this pathway, which can be cytotoxic. This accumulates in lens resulti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a structural gene of HIV | [
"Gag",
"Pol",
"ENV",
"Tat"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Tat | train | med_mcqa | null |
What will be the Odds ratio if the diseased with risk factor =a; diseased without risk factor=b; not diseased but with risk factor=c; and not diseased as well as not with risk factor=d? | [
"ad/bc",
"ab/cd",
"ac/bd",
"bc/ad"
] | A | Ans. a (ad/bc) (Ref: Park, PSM, 22nd/p 70)Screening test resultsDiagnosis diseasedNot diseasedTotalPositivea (true positive)b (false positive)a + bNegativec (False negative)d (True negative)C+dTotala+bb+da+b+c+dODDS RATIO (CROSS-PRODUCT RATIO)# Odds ratio = ad/bc# The odds ratio is a measure of effect size particularly... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Approximate number of patients recruited in phase II clinical trials of a drug are? | [
"20-100",
"100-500",
"500-1000",
"1000-5000"
] | A | Phase Name Conducted on I Human Pharmacology and safety Healthy Volunteers II Therapeutic Exploratory (20-200) patients III Therapeutic Confirmatory Upto 5000 patients from several centres IV Post-Marketing Surveillance Large number of patients 0 (ZERO) Microdosing studies Healthy volunteers (Small numbers) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Radiation protection shields are made up of - | [
"Copper",
"Silver",
"Lead",
"Tin"
] | C | Excessive radiation exposure has adverse effects on health.Effective protective measure include proper use of lead shields and rubber aprons. Lead aprons of 0.5 mm of lead will reduce the intensity of scattered X rays over 90 % and could be worn by al workers regularly associated with X ray procedures. Parks textbook o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the most common presentation of MEN1? | [
"Entero-pancreatic tumour",
"Angio-fibroma",
"Pituitary adenoma",
"Parathyroid Adenoma"
] | D | MEN 1 (11q13) Parathyroid adenoma 90% Entero-pancreatic tumour 30-70% Pituitary adenoma 15-50% Associated tumours Angiofibromas Collagenoma 85% 70% | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are included in pathogenesis of edema except? | [
"Decreased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries",
"Decreased plasma osmotic pressure of capillaries",
"lymphatic obstruction",
"Increased vascular permeability"
] | A | Answer- A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prostaglandin used in the treatment of peptic ulcer is | [
"Carboprost",
"Misoprostol",
"Dinoprost",
"Latanoprost"
] | B | Ans) b (Misoprosotol) Kef: KDT 6th ed p. 629Misoprostol is the prostaglandin analogue used in the treatment of peptic ulcer.DRUGS USED IN PEPTIC ULCER1) H2 antagonists-ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine roxatidine and nizatidine.Nizatidine has little first-pass metabolism and a bioavailability of al-most 100%. Famotidi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma secretes - | [
"Norepinephrine",
"Epinephrine",
"Metanephrine",
"Dopamine"
] | A | Ans is option 1.. Norepinephrine Catecholamines secreted by adrenal medulla - Normally - epinephrine 80% nor epinephrine 20% In adrenal pheochromacytoma- epinephrine is the main hormone secreted.. Norepinephrine also increased In extraadrenal pheochromocytoma - Norepinephrine exclusively In malignant pheochromocytoma -... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Investigation of choice for parotid fistula | [
"CT Scan",
"X-ray",
"Starch iodine Test",
"Sialogram"
] | D | Starch iodine Test is used for Frey's Syndrome. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Borchardt's triad of acute epigastric pain, violent retching and inability to pass a nsogastric tube is seen in patients with | [
"Acute gastric volvulus",
"Achalasia cardia",
"Jejunogastric intussusception",
"Hitus hernia"
] | A | A volvulus is a twisting or axial rotation of a portion of bowel about its mesentery.
When complete it forms a closed loop of obstruction with resultant ischaemia secondary to vascular occlusion. | train | med_mcqa | null |
EEG with eyes closed, in normal alert adult predominantly shows | [
"Alpha waves",
"Beta waves",
"Theta waves",
"Delta waves"
] | A | (A) Alpha waves # Alpha waves are neural oscillations in the frequency range of 7.5-12.5 Hz arising from synchronous and coherent (in phase or constructive) electrical activity of thalamic pacemaker cells in humans.> Alpha waves are one type of brain waves detected either by electro- encephalography (EEG) and predomina... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient appears awake and is not talking. No voluntary movements. He can signal with vertical eye movements. The CT scan shows infarction of ventral pons. The diagnosis is | [
"Coma",
"Abulia",
"Locked in state",
"Catatonia"
] | C | (C) Locked in state # Locked-in syndrome is a rare neuropsychological disorder.> Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a condition in which a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes.> Its primary features are quadriplegia a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following cause inhibition of CYP3A except: | [
"Saquinavir",
"Ritonavir",
"Itraconazole",
"Erythromycin"
] | A | Five protease inhibitors-Indinavir (IDV), Nelfinavir (NFV), Saquinavir (SQV), Ritonavir (V) and Lopinavir. This protease acts at a late step in HIV replication, i.e. maturation of the new virus paicles when the RNA genome acquires the core proteins and enzymes,They bind to the protease molecule, interfere with its clea... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drugs that can be used to treat infections caused by Bacteroides fragilis are all EXCEPT: | [
"Metronidazole",
"Erythromycin",
"Vancomycin",
"Amikacin"
] | D | (Ref: KDT 6/e p729) Drugs used to treat anaerobic organisms include: Metronidazole Moxifloxacin and Trovafloxacin Vancomycin Clindamycin Chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobic organisms | train | med_mcqa | null |
The enzyme deficient in Phenyl Ketonuria is: | [
"Phenylalanine dehydrogenase",
"Phenylalanine hydroxylase",
"Tyrosine hydroxylase",
"Dihydrobiopted n"
] | B | Ref: Harpers illustrated Biochemistry, 28th editionExplanation: (See figure below)Tetrahydro biopterin (H4B) dependent reaction.In case of deficiency of phenyl alanine hydroxylase, phenyl alanine is converted in to phenylpyruvate & phenylacetate. accumulation of which results in phenyl ketonuria. FeaturesMental retarda... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antrochoanal polyp arise from? | [
"Ethmoid sinus",
"Maxillary sinus",
"Frontal sinus",
"Sphenoid sinus"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) Maxillary sinusREF: Dhingras ENT 5th ed p-188, 4th edition page 164See table of "DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANTROCHOANAL AND ETHMOIDAL POLYP" in ENT December 2009 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ameloblast develop from? | [
"Neuroectoderm",
"Surface ectoderm",
"Mesoderm",
"Endoderm"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) Surface ectodermREF: Langman's embryology 10th ed Ch: 16, Grays anatomy 40th ed chapter 35, Lasts Anatomy Regional and Applied By Mcminn ed page 479ODONTOGENESIS:Teeth arise from an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction between overlying surface/oral ectoderm (epithelium) and underlying mesenchyme derived from... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A wedge shaped area in the adrenal gland is affected. On HPE nucleus is not seen but cellular outlines are intact. Which type of necrosis is being described? | [
"Coagulative",
"Liquefactive",
"Fibrinoid",
"Caseous"
] | A | Ans- Coagulative necrosis -Most common type of necrosis seen histologically -A localized area of coagulative necrosis is called an infarct. Ex: - Ischemia to all solid organs except BRAIN. Thermal injury Dry gangrene Zenker's degeneration (muscle necrosis in typhoid fever). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Test used for factor VIII deficiency identification is- | [
"PT",
"APTT",
"D dimer",
"FDP"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., APTT o Factor VIII is a part of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. The test used to identity1 the defects in the intrinsic and common pathways of coagulation is PTT. Thus prolonged PTT is a feature of patient with factor VIII deficiency.o Patients with hemophilia have deficiency of factor VIII that... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding furosemide, true is | [
"Given by parental route only",
"Used in pulmonary edema",
"Acts at PCT",
"Causes hypercalcemia"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which coenzyme is responsible for carboxylationreaction? | [
"Biotin",
"FAD",
"NADH",
"Thiamine pyrophosphate"
] | A | biotin Biotin is the coenzyme required for enzymes that are involved in carboxylation reactions, e.g. acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase. Most coenzymes are derived from vitamins. Below is given list of vitamins, derived coenzymes and the reactions they are involv ...... . Vitamin Coenzyme Reaction type Bi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
n-3 PUFA is present in all except: | [
"Mustard oil",
"Corn oil",
"Fish oil",
"Groundnut oil"
] | D | Groundnut oil > Corn oil Various research papers on the net have clearly mentioned both the groundnut oil and corn oil are devoid of n-3 fatty acids. However Lippincott Biochemistry 3/e p360 mentions that corn oil contains little amount of n-3 fatty acids. According to Park 19/e p482, table 2, both Groundnut oil and Co... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is meant by suppositions child – | [
"Second born of a twin pregnancy",
"Child born out of wedlock",
"Child rear up by a woman & She claims the child",
"Heterozygous mother & father"
] | C | Suppositious child
Suppositious child means a factitious child.
Women may pretend pregnancy as well as delivery & later produces a child as if it is her own.
She may substitute a living male child for a dead child or for a living female child born of her. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug can cause thyroid dysfunction ? | [
"Amiodarone",
"Ampicillin",
"Ibutilide",
"Acyclovir"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Organic mental disease is indicated by: | [
"Incoherence",
"Delusion",
"Flight of idea",
"Perseveration of speech"
] | D | Perseveration of speech is suggestive of organic mental disorders. Few books are giving the answer as delusion which is completely wrong. Flight of ideas is seen in case of mania. Incoherence is formal thought disorder characteristic of Schizophrenia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with a cavitary lung lesion coughs up sputum that contains thin, acid-fast positive rods. Which of the following features would most likely be associated with these bacteria? | [
"Nutritional requirement for factors V and X",
"Streptokinase",
"Toxic shock syndrome toxin",
"Waxy envelope"
] | D | Mycobacteria, such as the causative organism of this patient's tuberculosis, are "acid fast" because they have an envelope that contains large amounts of lipids and even true waxes (unlike envelopes of other types of bacteria) that prevents the acid-fast stain (carbol fuchsin) from leaking out. The other characteristic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Role of selenocystein is impoant in ? | [
"Hydroxylation of dopamine",
"Oxidation of drugs",
"Antioxidant mechanism",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Antioxidant mechanism | train | med_mcqa | null |
Necrolytic Migratory Erythema is a sign of underlying cancer due to involvement of:- | [
"Liver",
"Kidney",
"Testis",
"Pancreas"
] | D | Necrolytic Migratory Erythema Cutaneous reaction that occurs because of Hyperglucagonaemia. It is due to Glucagonoma, an a-cell tumour, which is in tail of the pancreas, and which secretes excessive amounts of proglucagon-like material. Other causes are: -Pancreatic insufficiency, -Intestinal causes of malabsorption, -... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about penicillin G is? | [
"It is administered orally",
"It has a wide spectrum",
"It can be used for rate bite fever",
"Co-administration of probenecid decreases its duration of action"
] | A | PnG is a narrow spectrum antibiotic; activity is limited primarily to gram-positive bacteria and few others. Penicillin G is acid labile-destroyed by gastric acid. As such, less than 1 /3rd of an oral dose is absorbed in the active form. Absorption of sod. PnG from i.m. site is rapid and complete; peak plasma level is ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Smooth surface caries is characterized by spread of caries in enamel and dentin as cones. These alignment in enamel and dentin is | [
"Base to base",
"Apex to base",
"Apex to apex",
"None of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 63-year-old asymptomatic woman is seen in the clinic for investigation of a persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level. The elevated ALP is an isolated finding and the remaining liver enzymes are normal. She reports no abdominal symptoms suggestive of biliary colic or hepatitis.On physical examination, th... | [
"rickets and Osteomalacia",
"osteogenic sarcoma",
"vitamin D deficiency",
"Paget disease of bone"
] | D | The elevated ALP and hydroxyproline are diagnostic for Paget disease. The bony lesions are osteoblastic, and the sacrum and pelvis are most frequently involved, followed closely by the tibia and femur. Hypercalcemia is not usually a feature of Paget, though can occur as a complication of immobilization. The etiology is... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not an intravenous anaesthetic | [
"Etomidate",
"Thiopentone",
"Ketamine",
"Cyclopropane"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cyclopropane | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spanish windlass is an example of: | [
"Bansdola",
"Garrotting",
"Throttling",
"Mugging"
] | B | In garrotting a ligature is thrown over the neck of the victim and is quickly tightened by twisting it with a lever which results in sudden loss of consciousness and collapse. In Spanish windlass an iron collar around the neck is tightened by a screw for strangling. Garroting as a mode of execution was once employed in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 year old male has vision of 6/60 in right eye and 3/60 in left eye under NPCB, he will be classified as:- | [
"Low vision",
"Economically blind",
"Normal",
"Socially blind"
] | A | COMPARISON OF WHO AND NPCB DEFINITIONS: WHO-ICD Visual acuity NPCB Low Version Category 1 Category 2 <6/18 - 6/60 <6/60 - 3/60 Low vision Economic/legal Blindness Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 <3/60 - 1/60 <1/60- PL(+) PL(-) Social blindness Manifest blindness Absolute blindness | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eye of newborn is | [
"Emmetrophic",
"Hypermetrophic",
"Myopic",
"Astigmatic"
] | B | Eye at bih Anteroposterior diameter of eyeball is about 16.5 mm Corneal diameter is about 10 mm Anterior chamber is shallow and angle is narrow Pupil is small and doesnot dilate fully. Lens is spherical at bih Retina is fully differentiated at bih. Macula differentiates 4-6 months after bih Myelination of optic nerve f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Liver transplantation was first done by ? | [
"Starzl",
"Huggins",
"Carrel",
"Christian Benard"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Starzl The first human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by Dr. Thomas Starzl. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Megaloblastic anaemia may be caused by all of the following, except | [
"Dilantin toxicity",
"Vitamin B12 deficiency",
"Folic acid deficiency",
"Long term aspirin intake"
] | D | Aspirin intake doesn&;t cause megaloblastic anemia. All the others cause megaloblastic anemia. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition Page no 256 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The stimulation of which of the following causes hyperventilation at high altitude | [
"Peripheral chemoreceptors",
"Vagal afferents",
"Central chemoreceptors",
"Proprioceptors"
] | A | The composition of air stays the same, but the total barometric pressure falls with increasing altitude. Therefore, the PO2 also falls. At 3000 m (approximately 10,000 ft) above sea level, the alveolar PO2 is about 60 mm Hg and there is enough hypoxic stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors to definitely increase ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does NOT have dual nerve supply | [
"Flexor Policis Brevis",
"Abductor Policis Brevis",
"Flexor digitorum profundus",
"Pectoralis major"
] | B | Flexor Policis Brevis- superficial head by median and deep by Ulnar,
Flexor digitorum profundus- Lateral half by Median and Medial Half by Ulnar,
Pectoralis major by Medial nad Lateral Pectoral Nerve | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding Warthin's tumor: (Repeat) | [
"Shows hot spot on tc 99 scan",
"Most common tumor of minor salivary glands",
"Most malignant tumor",
"Common in females"
] | A | Ans: A (Shows hot spot on tc99 scan) Ref: Robbins Pathologic basis of Disease, 8th edition & Sains ton Textbook of Surgery, 19th EditionExplanation:"The only neoplasms of salivary glands known to consistently concentrate Tc-99m pertechnetate (Hotspot) are Warthin's tumor and oncocytoma"Ref: SabistonWAR III IN TUMOR (PA... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Keyhole bullet entry is a feature of - | [
"Tandem bullet",
"Ricochet bullet",
"Single bullet",
"Double bullet"
] | B | the synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ;28th edition ; pg.no 134 A ricochet bullet is one in which before striking the object aimed at ,strikes some intervening object first then after rebounding from these hits the object. Sometimes a bullet may strike an object & tumble & hit the body s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Replacement & periodic examination in radiation industary is recommended ? | [
"Every month",
"Every 2 months",
"Every 6 months",
"Every year"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Every 2 months Preventive measures in radiation industeriesInhalation, swallowing or direct contact with the skin should be avoided.In case of X-rays, shielding should be used of such thickness and of such material as to reduce the exposure below allowable exposures.The employees should be monitored a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about saphenous vein | [
"1cm anterior to medial malleolus process",
"1cm inferior to medial malleolus process",
"1cm posterior medial malleolus process",
"1cm superior to medial malleolus process"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following statements about Listeria are true, EXCEPT: | [
"It is a gram negative bacteria",
"It causes aboion in pregnancy",
"It causes meningitis in neonates",
"It is transmitted by contaminated milk"
] | A | Listeria monocytogenes is a sho coccoid, gram positive, catalase positive non spore forming rod with a tendency to occur in chains. They show tumbling motility at 20 - 25 degree centigrade and is non motile at 37 degree. The major virulence factors are invasion associated surface proteins called internalin and a pore-f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following increase the 2,3- DPG concentration of red cells except:- | [
"Thyroid hormones",
"Growth hormone",
"Androgen",
"Acidosis"
] | D | 2, 3 DPG is formed as : - Glucose inside the red cells undergo glycolysis & when extra oxygen is needed, like in hypoxic conditions, glucose will be diveed to a shunt k/a Rappapo Luebering cycle. And then glucose after glyceraldehyde - 3 phosphate, it will form diphosphate glycerate & 2, 3 Diphosphate glycerate (2, 3 D... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of digoxin overdose includes administration of all of the following except - | [
"Potassium",
"Lignocaine",
"Phenytoin",
"Hemodialysis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
About AFP true are all except : | [
"Diabetic patients have increased AFP level",
"MSAFP is unrelated to period of gestation",
"Increased in down syndrome",
"All"
] | D | All Correct | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 8-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency depament complaining of nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. On examination, he was found to have tenderness and pain on the right lower quadrant. Based on signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. During an appendectomy performed at McBur... | [
"Deep circumflex femoral aery",
"Inferior epigastric aery",
"Ilio-hypogastric nerve",
"Genitofemoral nerve"
] | C | The ilio-hypogastric nerve runs medially and inferiorly between the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles near the McBurney's point, the point at the junction of the lateral one third of a line between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus. Other structures are not found near the McBurney's po... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about phenylketonuria is all except | [
"Occurs due to deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase",
"High amount of phenylpyruvate in urine",
"Failure to talk or walk, seizures and tremurs.",
"Coke coloured urine"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best culture medium for primary isolation of H. influenzae is? | [
"Chocolate agar",
"Fildes' agar",
"Levinthal's medium",
"Nutrient agar"
] | B | Fildes' agar is made by adding peptic digest of blood to nutrient agar. It gives copious growth of H. influenzae (A.K.A Pfeiffer's bacillus)and it is the best culture medium for the primary isolation of H. influenzae. The other media used for the isolation of H. influenzae are chocolate agar, blood agar, nutrient agar ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Horrock’s apparatus estimates | [
"Free chlorine",
"Chlorine demand",
"Both (a) + (b)",
"Combined chlorine"
] | B | Used To find out the dose of bleaching powder required for disinfection of water, i.e. ‘Chlorine demand estimation of water.' | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following anti-glaucoma drugs can cause heterochromia iridis? | [
"Timolol",
"Latanoprost",
"Apraclonidine",
"Acetazolamide"
] | B | Ans. (B) Latanoprost(Ref: Katzung 12th/e p328; KDT 8th/e p169)PGF2a agonists like Latanoprost can cause iris pigmentation (heterochromia iridis) and growth of eyelashes (liypertrichosis) as adverse effects. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are cardiovascular complications of HIV infection, EXCEPT: | [
"Aoic Aneurysm",
"Cardiomyopathy",
"Pericardial Effusion",
"Cardiac Tamponade"
] | A | The most common cardiac disease associated with HIV is coronary hea disease, it is associated with a CD4+ T cell count of <500/ L. Other cardiac manifestations include dilated cardiomyopathy associated with congestive hea failure (CHF) ( HIV-associated cardiomyopathy), pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade and nonba... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Corneal endothelium was seen by | [
"Pachymeter",
"Keratometer",
"Tonometer",
"Slit lamp bio-microscope"
] | D | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 95 - 96)Corneal endothelium:It consists of single layer of polygonal (mainly hexagonal cells)They are visualized by slit lamp bio-microscope and appear like a mosaicThe cell density is 30000 cells/mm2 in young adults and decreases with ageThese cells c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Disadvatage to calculate mean- | [
"Difficult to calculate",
"Difficult to understand",
"May be influenced by abnormal high or low values",
"None"
] | C | Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 847 Mean: Advantages: Easy to calculate and understand. Disadvantages: Unduly influenced by abnormal values in the distribution. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The sensitivity of casoni's test is | [
"50%",
"60%",
"75%",
"90%"
] | B | The sensitivity of casoni's test ranges from 55-65% | train | med_mcqa | null |
A chronic smoker taking 20 cigarettes per day developed a chronic cough. His family suggested quitting cigarettes. He is ready to quit but thinks that quitting will make him irritable. Which of the following option best describes the stage of behaviour change | [
"Precontemplation and Preparation",
"Contemplation and Cost analysis",
"Persuasion",
"Belief"
] | C | This is called cycle of change given by Prochaska and declemente and it is called cycle of change and comprises of the following steps as listed below. Patient here want to stop and also thinks the side effects that may arise due to stopping of the substance, this is the cjarecterstic of pre contemplation stage. * Ref.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
a1 -antitrypsin deficiency chromosome is located at: | [
"10",
"14",
"17",
"11"
] | B | B i.e. 14Robbins Pathology, 9th edition, page 850Explanation:Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency:a1-Antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of protein folding marked by very low levels ofcirculating a1-Antitrypsin (a1AT).a1AT deficiency leads to the development of pulmonary emphysema, because the activity ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Once weekly administration of which of the following antibiotics has prophylactic activity against bacteraemia caused by M.avium complex in AIDS patient | [
"Azithromycin",
"Clarithromcycin",
"Isoniazide",
"Rifabutin"
] | A | (Ref: KDT 6/e p730, 731) The regimen used for the treatment of Mycobacteriun avi complex in AIDS patients is REC (Rifabutin, ethambutol and clarithromycin). These drugs are given once daily. Clarithromycin can be replaced with azithromycin which is long acting and can be administered once a week. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about non typhoid salmonella are true, except - | [
"Humans are the only reservoirs",
"Transmission is most commonly associated with eggs, poultry and undercooked meat",
"Common in immunocompromised individuals",
"Resistance to fluoroqinolones has emerged"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20-year-old male suffered a trauma to the right leg while playing football. He did not seek doctor's advice initially. The affected area soon turned painful, red and tender. He also complained that from a few days he now has to drag the affected foot and there was loss of eversion on examination. X ray of the affecte... | [
"Muscle B",
"Muscle C",
"Muscle D",
"Muscle A"
] | D | This is a case of fracture of the neck of fibula. So, the nerve involved is common peroneal nerve. Muscles supplied by common peroneal nerve: The anterior compament of the leg muscles is innervated by the deep fibular nerve (L4-L5) and supplied blood the anterior tibial aery. Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypeension and pulmonary edema associated with scorpion sting is managed by | [
"Carvedilol",
"Spironolactone",
"Phentolamine",
"Prazosin"
] | D | * Prazosin, a alpha1 selective adrenergic antagonist is a orable choice for management of scorpion sting associated hypeension and pulmonary edema. Ref:- Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 20th Ed; Pg Num:- 3329 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Half-life of monocytes in circulation is | [
"6 hrs",
"12 hrs",
"24 hrs",
"1-3 days"
] | D | Half life of a monocyte in circulation is one to three days Ref : guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:123,124,125 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Half-life of IV oxytocin? | [
"1 minute",
"3 minutes",
"7 minutes",
"9 minutes"
] | B | Ans. b (3 minutes) (Ref. KDT 6th/320; Williams Obstetrics 22nd/Ch. 22; p. 540)KDT 6th/320 and Internet:Oxytocin, produced by the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, is a peptide of nine amino acids (a nonapeptide). It is rapidly degraded in liver and kidney; plasma half life = 6 minut... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type of nephropathy in DM- | [
"Focal",
"Diffuse",
"Nodular",
"Crescent"
] | C | Nodular lesions of diabetic glomerulosclerosis are also called as Kimmelstiel-Wilson (KW) lesions or intercapillary glomerulosclerosis.These lesions are specific for type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset diabetes) or islet cell antibody-positive diabetes mellitus. The pathologic changes consist of one or more nodules in a fe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
the mitochondrial enzyme involved in the metabolism of clopidorgel and proton pump inhibitors is | [
"CYP 2A",
"CYP 2B",
"CYP 2C19",
"CYP 2C20"
] | C | clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors are metabolized mainly by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.Due to this reaason there is potential of interaction between two drugs. Ref-katzung 13/e p80 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The main purpose of adding metallic oxides in ceramic is: | [
"Colour matching",
"Transparency",
"Opacity",
"None"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following type of turret (blue and black) are used for? | [
"Forming rectangular arch wire",
"Forming round arch wire",
"Forming square arch wire",
"All of the above"
] | A | Turret - Blue
It is used for forming rectangular arch wires .016" to .0215".
Turret - Black
It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments:
0o - 10o - 16o - 23o.
For use only with wire : .016" × .022" | train | med_mcqa | null |
CSF otorrhoea is caused by - | [
"Fracture of cribriform plate",
"Fracture of parietal bone",
"Fracture of petrous temporal bone",
"Fracture of tympanic membrane"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Clinical features of pyloric stenosis in infants are all, EXCEPT: | [
"Abdominal lump",
"Constipation",
"Weight Loss",
"Metabolic acidosis"
] | D | Metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis is seen in hyperophic pyloric stenosis due to loss of hydrogen ions in repeated vomiting. Ref: Schwaz 9/e, Page 1426 ; Maingot's 10/e, Page 2067. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Average number of mites found on the body in a person suffering from scabies is? | [
"2-Jan",
"10-May",
"15-Oct",
"15-20"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) 10-15REF: The encyclopedia of sexually transmitted diseases by Jennifer Shoquist, Diane Stafford- Page 158, Common skin diseases in children: diagnosis and management - Page 105The difference between Norwegian scabies and regular scabies is the number of mites found on the infected individual. Regular scabi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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