question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Example of Physiological Antagonism is: | [
"Heparin protamine",
"Prostacydine-thromboxane",
"Adrenaline-phenoxybenzamine",
"Physostigmine-acetylcholine"
] | B | Prostacydine-thromboxane | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best substitute of esophagus after esophagectomy is: | [
"Stomach",
"Jejunum",
"Left colon",
"Right colon"
] | A | Answer is A (Stomach) After a poion of esophagus is removed, or after complete esophagectomy, a conduit must be establishedfbr alimentary continuity. The stomach, colon and jejunum have all been successfully used a esophageal substitutes but the Stomach appears to be the 'conduit' of choice because of ease in mobilizat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a calcineurium inhibitor - | [
"Cyclophoshamide",
"Cyclosporine",
"Etanercept",
"Sirolimus"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cyclosporine o Cyclosporine inhibits transcription by binding to a protein called cyclophilin, This complex then inactivates calcineurin. (Calcineurin is a protein which is responsible for the transcription of cytokine gene)Mechanism of action of cyclosporineo Normally when antigen presenting cell (e.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 10 year old child develops hematuria after 2 days of diarrhoea. Blood film shows fragmented RBCs & thrombocytopenia. Ultrasound shows marked enlargement of both kidneys. The likely diagnosis is - | [
"Acute pyelonephritis",
"Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy",
"Haemolytic uremic syndrome",
"Renal vein thrombosis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vaccines are sterilized by? | [
"Seitz filtration",
"Hot air oven",
"Autoclaving",
"Heat inactivation"
] | D | Vaccines may be prepared by heat inactivation of bacteria. Thus heat can be employed to free the vaccine from other contaminants. REF:Textbook of microbiology Ananthanarayan, and Paniker. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which part is first involved by mummification? | [
"Heart",
"Skin",
"Stomach",
"Muscles"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Skin Mummification* It is also a modification of putrefaction, which occurs in the absence of moisture. That is when there is excess air and warmth but no moisture (humidity), i.e. hot dry and windy climate, mummification takes place in place of normal putrefaction. Thus mummification occurs in desert... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A-48 year old presents with history of precordial chest pain. He has BP of 80/60 mm of Hg. EKG shows wide QRS complex with no preceding P waves and a rate of 112/min. The most immediate step in the management of this patient would be | [
"Intravenous lignocaine",
"DC electrical cardioversion",
"Overdrive atrial pacing",
"Primary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Investigation of choice in cervical carcinoma is? | [
"CECT pelvis",
"MRI",
"TVS",
"TAS"
] | B | Ans BMRI because of its superior soft tissue resolution is used for local staging of carcinoma. Vaginal and parametrial involvement is better assessed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following medications is essential for ameliorating the toxicity of pemetrexed? | [
"Folinic acid and vitamin B6",
"Folic acid and vitamin",
"B12 Vitamin B6 and vitamin",
"B12 Folic acid and dexamethasone"
] | B | Toxicity amelioration: High doses and intensive regimens are being employed aiming at cure of the malignancy. The associated toxicity may be ameliorated to some extent by- 1. Toxicity blocking drugs: Folinic acid rescue has permitted administration of > 100 fold dose of Mtx . It is professed that normal cells are rescu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is an early sign of papilledema? | [
"Loss of pulsations",
"Cupping of disc",
"Blurring of disc margin",
"Cotton wool spots"
] | A | Loss of Spontaneous Venous Pulsations is amongst the earliest signs of papilloedema. It is however not specific because up to 10-20% normal eyes may not exhibit spontaneous venous pulsations. Please note: Loss of spontaneous venous pulsations is the first sign of raised intracranial tension and hence papilledema. This ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False regarding cecal voluvus: | [
"Present with small bowel obstruction.",
"Present with air fluid levels in right upper quadrant and convexity towards left.",
"Endoscopic derotation is not effective like sigmoid volvulus.",
"Cecopexy is procedure of choice."
] | D | CECAL VOLVULUS -Misnomer -Involvement of ileum, cecum, transverse colon; Not only cecum. -Correct name should have been Cecocolic volvulus. -Volvulus is Mainly clockwise. -Caecum is relatively fixed. | If free or mobile | Increased chances of torsion *Predisposing factors:- -Multipara patients (due to release of relaxi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Local anesthesia acts by blockage of - | [
"Na+ channel",
"Ca++ channel]",
"K+ channel",
"Mg++ channel"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Na+ channel Mechanism of action of LAo Local anaesthetics block generation and conduction of nerve impulse at all part of neuron where they come in contactr without causing structural damage.o Thus not only sensory but motor impulses and autonomic control is also interrupted.o Mechanism of action# Nor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is secreted by: | [
"Adrenal coex",
"Liver",
"Proximal tubules of kidney",
"Collecting ducts of kidney"
] | C | It is the most active form of vitamin D(1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) / (calcitriol) When UV rays fall on the skin, 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is conveed into cholecalciferol. It goes to the liver, a hydroxyl group is attached to it, 25-(OH) cholecalciferol is formed. It then travels to kidneys. In the cells of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Poal Vein develops from which of these structures? | [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | C | The image shows vitelline and umbilical veins development during liver development. A = Cardinal vein right side B = Left umbilical vein C = Right Vitelline vein D = Right Umbilical vein The inferior tubular structure is the duodenum and the anastomotic network of vitelline veins around it will develop to form the poal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Both hyperplasia and hyperophy are seen in? | [
"Breast enlargement during lactation",
"Uterus during pregnancy",
"Skeletal muscle enlargement during exercise",
"Left ventricular hyperophy during hea failure"
] | B | Hyperophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, resulting in an increase in the size of the organ. The increased size of the cells is due to the synthesis of more structural components The massive physiologic growth of the uterus during pregnancy is a good example of hormone-induced increase in the size of an org... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug is a renin inhibitor? | [
"Enalapril",
"Losartan",
"Clonidine",
"Aliskiren"
] | D | ANSWER: (D) AliskirenREF: Goodman Gillman page 525, KDT 6th edition page 482, Katzung 12th ed page 190, 300Repeat from Pharmacology June 2010, December 2008RENIN INHIBITORSCleavage of angiotensinogen by renin is the rate-limiting step in the formation of ANG II and thus represents a logical target for inhibition of the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What percentage of the blood flow to the liver is supplied by the hepatic artery - | [
"90%",
"20%",
"40%",
"60%"
] | B | • Weight: 1800 gm in men and 1400 gm in women
• Total blood flow: 1.5 L/min
• Free pressure in a hepatic vein: 1-2 mm Hg
• Liver can store up to maximum of 65 gm of glycogen/kg of liver tissue.
• Account for 4% of body weight, consumes about 28% of total body blood flow and 20% of the total oxygen consumed by the body.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
100 day Glaucoma is seen in which of the following condition? | [
"Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)",
"Inflammatory glaucoma",
"Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)",
"Steroid induced Glaucoma"
] | A | (A) Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)[?]Central Retinal Vein Occlusion:Typically large hypertensive 50+ year old women.Dilated exam reveals widespread haemorrhage & swelling (chronic diabetics look the same but the vision loss is not acute)Can be ischemic or non-ischemic.May progress to neovascularisation & rubeosi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not visualized on posterior rhinoscopy: | [
"Eustachian tube",
"Inferior meatus",
"Middle meatus",
"Superior concha"
] | B | Posterior rhinoscopy: It is method of examination of the posterior aspect of nose and pharynx. Structures seen on posterior rhinoscopy: - Both choanae - Posterior end of nasal septum - Opening of Eustachian - Posterior end of superior/tube middle and inferior turbinates - Fossa of Rosenmuller - Torus Tubarius - Adenoid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of Actinomyces is | [
"Cervicofacial",
"Thorax",
"Abdomen",
"Brain"
] | A | Actinomycosis in human beings occurs in four main clinical forms: Cervicofacial: it is more common, with indurated lesions on the cheek and submaxillary regions Thoracic: Abdominal: Pelvic: Ref: Textbook of microbiology; Annthanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Pg: 399 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Host related biological propeies of a disease agent are the following except - | [
"Virulence",
"Infectivity",
"Pathogenicity",
"Communicability"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Communicability The disease agents exhibit ceain host-related biological propeies such as infectivity, virulence, and pathogenicity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the following fundus finding shown below? | [
"Retinitis Pigmentosa",
"Age related macular degeneration",
"Papilledema",
"Papillitis"
] | A | Ans. (a) Retinitis PigmentosaThe image shows a fundus with bony spicules and a pale disc with thinned out blood vessels suggestive of diagnosis of Retinitis Pigmentosa. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about Hemochromatosis is? | [
"Hypogonadism",
"Ahropathy",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Desferrioxamine is treatment of choice"
] | D | Desferrioxamine is treatment of choice REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th edition chapter 351 The characteristic clinical features of hemochromatosis in order of frequency are Hepatomegaly Skin pigmentation Diabetes mellitus Ahropathy Cardiac disease Hypogonadism Treatment of hemochromatosis Therapy of hemochromato... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most impoant cause of neurotic reaction is the excessive use of: | [
"Projection",
"Regression",
"Suppression",
"Sublimation"
] | B | Excessive use of regression causes neurotic illnesses. It is an immature defense mechanism in which person return to an earlier stage of development Eg- A PG Aspirant playing cricket in street with children | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following androgen is not produced by Leydig cells of testis? | [
"Testosterone",
"Androstenedione",
"Dihydrotestosterone",
"Dehydroepiandrostenedione"
] | C | Dihydrotestosteronean androgenic hormone formed in peripheral tissue from testosterone; thought to be the androgen responsible for development of the male primary sex characters during embryogenesis and of male secondary sex characters at pubey, and for adult male sexual function.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Delusion of Nihilism and Early morning insomnia are characteristic features of - | [
"Mania",
"Major depression",
"Personality disorder",
"Schizophrenia"
] | B | Nihilistic delusion, insomonia and early morning awakening are seen in depression | train | med_mcqa | null |
Highest amount of iron is seen in – | [
"Milk",
"Meat",
"Spinach",
"Jaggery"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common type of supracondylar fracture is | [
"Neutral",
"Flexion",
"Extension",
"Lateral"
] | C | C i.e. Extension | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child is able to build blocks of 5 Cubes developmental age is - | [
"12 months",
"15 months",
"18 months",
"24 months"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 18 month | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest type of cleft lip is - | [
"Bilateral",
"Midline",
"Combined with cleft palate",
"Unilateral"
] | C | Distribution of Cleft types
Cleft lip alone → 15%
Cleft lip & palate → 45%
Isolated cleft palate → 40% | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malignant hydatid disease is caused by | [
"E. granulosis",
"E. Multilocularis",
"H. Nana",
"D. Latum"
] | B | Malignant hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus Multi locularis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a denture wearing patient, there is | [
"No bone resorption",
"Bone formation",
"Independent of denture, there is bone resorption",
"Initial bone resorption, followed by bone formation"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Multiple drug resistance is transferred through: | [
"Transduction",
"Transformation",
"Conjugation",
"Mutation"
] | C | Conjugation Sexual contact through the formation of a bridge or sex pilus is common among gram-negative bacilli of the same or another species. This may involve chromosomal or extrachromosomal (plasmid) DNA. The gene carrying the &;resistance&; or &;R&; factor is transferred onlv if another &;resistance transfer factor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common retrobulbar mass in adults is | [
"Neurofibroma",
"Meningioma",
"Cavernous hemangioma",
"Schwannoma"
] | C | Cavernous hemangioma is a non encapsulated seen most commonly inside the muscle cone. Refer khurana 6/e p 411 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is not a principle followed in the management of missile injures? | [
"Excision of all dead muscles",
"Removal of foreign bodies",
"Removal of fragments of bone",
"Leaving the wound open"
] | C | Ans. (c) Removal of fragments of bone Missile injury management*Wound excision and leave wound opened* Foreign materials to be removed.* Excise the skin edge around the entry and exit point* Unhealthy dead muscle must be removed.* Bone shattered by high energy transfer may still have attachment to periosteum or muscle.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child is brought to you because of perianal itching, which has been disturbing the child's sleep. Examination reveals scaly skin in the perianal region. You instruct the parents to place transparent tape on the perianal region the next morning, and then return to you. Next day the tape is transferred to a microscope ... | [
"Ancylostoma duodenale",
"Ascaris lumbricoides",
"Enterobius vermicularis",
"Necator americanus"
] | C | Enterobius vermicularis This is the history of enterobiasis Adult female emerges from anus at night- lay embryonated eggs-perianal pruritis. NIH/ perianal swab is used for demonstrating eggs that have been laid by female worm on the perianal skin. The eggs are non-bile stained, plano-convex and contain larva inside. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding adenomyosis is | [
"Most common in nulliparous women",
"Progestin are agents of choice for medical management",
"More common in young women",
"Presents with menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and an enlarged uterus"
] | D | The patients are usually porous and in their forties
Symptoms: Menorrhagia or Menometrorrhagia and Congestive dysmenorrhoea
Relief of secondary dysmennorhoea can be tried with NSAIDs or OCPs
Other options are GnRH agonists or LNG -IUS.
Medical treatment is not very effective. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of action of botulinum toxin: Kerala 11 | [
"Synthesis of acetylcholine inhibited",
"Reuptake of ACH is increased",
"Blocks nicotinic receptors in muscle",
"Blocks muscarinic receptors in brain"
] | A | Ans. Synthesis of acetylcholine inhibited | train | med_mcqa | null |
In chronic, granulomatous inflammation, which of the following processes is most likely to predominate? | [
"Exudation",
"Congestion",
"Transudation",
"Proliferation"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about silicosis all except: | [
"Caused by exposure of silica oxide",
"Severe exposure- whole lung lavage may helpful in allet_ing symptoms",
"Fibrosis of upper lung",
"Fibrotic change can be reversed after stopping exposure"
] | D | Ans: d -Fibrotic change can be reversed after stopping exposureSilicosis is progressive & what is more impoant is that silicotics are prone to tuberculosisThere is no effective treatment for silicosis. Fibrotic changes that have already taken place cannot be reversedNodular fibrosis, more frequent in apex & posterior b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Testicular artery is a branch of? | [
"Renal artery",
"Common iliac artery",
"Inferior mesenteric artery",
"Abdominal aorta"
] | D | Ans. D. Abdominal aortaThe abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of the descending aorta (of the thorax).a. It supplies all of the abdominal organs, and its terminal branches go on to supply the pelvis and lower limbs. It also supplies the under... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fluoroacetate inhibits which of the following metabolic processes? | [
"TCA cycle",
"Glycolytic pathway",
"Oxidative phosphorylation",
"ETC"
] | A | Fluoroacetate is the non-competitive inhibitor of Aconitase | train | med_mcqa | null |
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy is used In all except | [
"Esophageal carcinoma",
"Breast carcinoma",
"Thyroid carcinoma",
"Non small cell carcinoma of lung"
] | C | Thyroid carcinoma are extra ordinarily resistant to chemotherapy Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is admistration of chemotherapy before surgery or radiation therapy whereas adjuvant chemotherapy is used after surgery or radiation Refer CMDT 2010-/667 | train | med_mcqa | null |
You have initiated 'Magpie' regime for a patient with eclampsia. Later you notice that the respiratory rate is 6/minute and the tendon reflexes are not elicitable. What is the next appropriate step? | [
"Inject naloxone at the rate of 0.01 mg/kg over 5 minutes",
"Inject calcium gluconate 10 ml over 10 minutes",
"Inject 0.4 mg Atropine IV",
"Inject 5 mEq/kg sodium bicarbonate IV over 10 minutes"
] | B | This is a case of MgSO4 toxicity and so the antidote is IV Calcium gluconate. Respiratory rate <14/minute or absent tendon reflex or urine output of Ref: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialities, Edition 8, Page - 49 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are cluster B disorders of personality except - | [
"Antisocial",
"Narcissistic",
"Avoidant",
"Borderline"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Avoidant Personality disorderso ClustorA: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal.o Clustor B: Antisocial (Dissocial), Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderlineo Clustor C: Anxious (avoidant). Dependent, obsessive - compulsive (anankastic). | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following may cause metaststic tumour causing spinal cord compressions except: | [
"Lung carcinoma",
"Breast carcinoma",
"Lymphoma",
"Meningioma"
] | D | Answer is D (Meningioma): Meningiomas are not listed as a cause of metastatic tumors causing spinal cord compression. Tumors causing compression of spinal cord, include the following two major categories: Retroperitoneal tumors which extend , interveebral foramen into the spinal cord and thus cause compression. Example... | train | med_mcqa | null |
This appearance in a 60-year-old man is suggestive of: | [
"Eosinophilic granuloma",
"Multiple myeloma",
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"Acromegaly"
] | B | Ans. B Multiple myelomaRadiograph of skull shows multiple punched out uniform lytic lesions - peculiar of Multiple myeloma - described as Rain drop skullQ. Other imaging signs include Salt pepper appearance of vertebraQ on MRI/Vertebra planaQ/Wrinkled vertebraQ. Lesions show cold spots on 99m - Tc - MDP bone scanQ. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is seen in | [
"Rheumatoid arthritis",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Wegener’s Granulomatosis",
"Churg-Strauss syndrome"
] | C | PR3-ANCAs are also present in up to 95% of cases; they are a useful marker of disease activity and may participate in Wegener’s granulomatosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following causes hemolytic anemia -a) Hereditary spherocytosisb) Infectionc) Iron deficiencyd) Sickle cell anemiae) Copper deficiency | [
"abd",
"bcd",
"abc",
"ab"
] | A | Hemolytic anemia may be of two types.
Intracorpuuscular
Underlying cause of hemolysis is intrinsic to RBC, e.g.,
Defect in membrane cytoskeleton → Hereditary spherocytosis
Defect in red cell enzyme → G6PD deficiency.
Disorder of hemoglobin synthesis
Deficient globin synthesis →Thalassemia
Structurally abnormal g... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dye for myelography is injected in which space : | [
"Subdural",
"Epidural",
"Subarachnoid",
"Extradural"
] | C | Myelography is the radiographic investigation of the spinal canal for the diagnosis of space occupying an obstructive lesion. It requires the contrast agent to be injected into subarachnoid space.
MRI has replaced myelography, these days. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of choice of small preputial penile carcinoma is: | [
"Total penectomy",
"Paial penectomy",
"Emasculation",
"Circumcision"
] | D | CA Penis Prepuce: Tx: Wide local excision with 2cm margin Circumcision: Small preputial lesion Paial Penectomy: Lesion on distal shaft Total penectomy:Lesion in proximal shaft with perineal urethrostomy Chemotherapy: BLEOMYCIN CISPLATIN | train | med_mcqa | null |
A seventy year old patient is posted for a surgery which is likely to last 4-6 hours. The best inhalational agent of choice for maintenance of anesthesia in such a case is: | [
"Methoxyflurane",
"Methoxyflurane",
"Trichlorethylene",
"Desflurane"
] | D | D i.e. Desflurane - You should know that rate of induction of inhalational anesthetic agent is inversely propoional to its blood gas paition coefficient (i.e. the solubility of agent in blood & tissue). The speed of induction by inhalational anesthetics in descending order is Non pungency & rapid increase in alveolar a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glass workers cataract is caused by exposure to which of the following? | [
"Infrared rays",
"Ultraviolet rays",
"X - rays",
"Lead"
] | A | Prolonged exposure to infrared rays can cause discoid posterior subcapsular opacity and is typically seen in people working in glass industry. Ref: A K Khurana, 2nd Edition, Page 195. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which apoprotein is the most impoant to activate lipoprotein lipase - | [
"Apo-A I",
"Apo B48",
"Apo-C II",
"Apo-E"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Apo-C IIMajor activator of lipoprotein lipase is apo-CII | train | med_mcqa | null |
Krukenburg tumor originate from: | [
"Liver",
"Stomach",
"Ovary",
"Gallbladder"
] | B | Ans. (b) StomachRef.: Bailey & Love 26th ed. ch 63/1050 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reactivated TB is most commonly located near: | [
"Apex",
"Near bronchus",
"Subpleurally",
"Base"
] | A | Secondary pulmonary tuberculosis classically involves the apex of the upper lobes of one or both lungs The reason is not known but may relate to high oxygen tension in the apices | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cobblestone appearance is seen in | [
"Spring Catarrh",
"Viral conjunctivitis",
"Bacterial conjunctivitis",
"Phlyctenular conjunctivitis"
] | A | Cobblestone appearance is severe papillary hyperplasia in upper palpebral conjunctiva Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 73 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Herpes zoster multiply in: | [
"Peripheral nerve",
"Epithelium of skin",
"Dorsal root ganglion",
"Pharyngeal epithelial cells"
] | C | Ans. c. Dorsal root ganglionRef: For More details see explanation of Ques No-3.Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivates from the neurons of sensory ganglia (usually in areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve and thoracic ganglion) to cause herpes zoster or shingles.Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia; CN V1 bran... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest association seen in carcinom gall bladder? | [
"Peritoneal deposits",
"Duodenal infiltration",
"Duodenal infiltration",
"Cystic node"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Secondaries liver | train | med_mcqa | null |
Surveillance is: March 2005 | [
"Monitoring of activity of health workers",
"Continuous monitoring of occurrence and distribution of a disease",
"Monitoring of trends of a disease",
"Related to the virulence of the organism"
] | B | Ans. B: Continuous monitoring of occurrence and distribution of a disease | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about Epidural opioids are true, except - | [
"Acts on the dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa",
"May cause pruritis",
"May cause respiratory depression",
"Gastrointestinal adverse effects are not seen"
] | D | Ans is 'd' i.e. Gastrointestinal adverse effects are not seen Gastrointestinal adverse effects including nausea and vomiting are common after epidural opioids Epidural opioids o Epidural opioid infusion along with local anesthetic decreases the the dose of local anesthetic required to produce effective analgesia. Opioi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eirenz is used for treatment of HIV infections. It acts: | [
"As protease inhibitor",
"As reverse transcriptase inhibitor",
"As integrase inhibitor",
"By inhibiting the HIV entry into the cell"
] | B | ANTIVIRAL DRUGS: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNis): Nevirapine, Eirenz, Delavirdine* Nevirapine (NVP) and Eirenz (EFV) These are nucleoside unrelated compounds which directly inhibit HlV reverse transcriptase without the need for intracellular phosphorylation. Their locus of action on the enzyme is ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The main mechanism of hyperpyrexia induced by atropine includes: | [
"Vasodilation",
"Inhibition of sweating",
"Through central actions",
"Increase in basal metabolic rate"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20-year-old male presents with throat pain and easy fatigability of his voice. Indirect laryngeal examination revealed both cords approximately well but leaving a triangular gap in the interarytenoid. Your diagnosis is: | [
"Mutational falsetto voice",
"Functional aphonia",
"Ventricular dysphonia",
"Phonasthenia"
] | D | In phonasthenia there is weakness of laryngeal muscles due to inflammation (laryngitis) or overuse or abuse of voice. If both thyroarytenoid muscles are affected vocal cords leave an elliptical space between them and do not approximate; but when only interarytenoid muscles are affected, there is a triangular gap in pos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hyperophic scar is characterized by the following, except | [
"It is non familial",
"It outgrows the wound area",
"It involves the flexor surface",
"It is not related to the race"
] | B | A hyperophic scar is defined as excessive scar tissue that does not extend beyond the boundary of the original incision or wound. It results from a prolonged inflammatory phase of wound healing and from unourable scar siting (i.e. across the lines of skin tension).. A keloid scar is defined as excessive scar tissue tha... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ultrasonogrsphy of umbilical aery is done to know about | [
"Hea beat",
"Gastational age",
"Fetalweight",
"Fetal maturity"
] | A | A i.e. Hea beat USG of umbilical aery is done to know about hea beatQ. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Swan neck deformity is: | [
"Hyperextension at DIP, Flexion of PIP",
"Extension of DIP, Hyperflexion at PIP",
"Extension of both DIP & PIP",
"Flexion at DIP, Hyperextension at PIP"
] | D | Deformities of RA - Swan Neck Deformity - Flexion at DIP and hypeension at PIP - Flexor insufficiency of PIP - Boutonniere deformity / Button hole deformity - Extensor deficiency at PIP joint - Hypeension of DIP & Flexion of PIP - Z deformity of thumb - Ulnar detion of fingers Z-deformity of thumb | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which muscle is not involved : | [
"Gastrocnemius",
"Vastus medialis",
"Brachioradialis",
"Infraspinatus"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' & 'd' Vastus medialis and infraspinatus (Ref. O.P. Ghai, 5/e, p 425; Harrison, 17/e p 2682, 2683 & 16/e, p 2528 (15/e, p 2530)). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alfred Grotjahn is famous for | [
"Epidemiology",
"Biostatistics",
"Vaccination",
"Social hygiene"
] | D | In 1911, the concept of social medicine was revived by Alfred Grotjahn (1869-1931) of Berlin who stressed the impoance of social factors in the aetiology of disease, which he called "social pathology". Others called it geographical pathology and population pathology. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 8 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Branching enzyme is found in - | [
"Glycogenesis",
"Glucogenesis",
"Glycogenolysis",
"Glycolysis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Glycogenesis o Enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism are :-GlycogenesisGlycogen synthase-a (active)ZGlycogen synthase - b (inactive)Branching enzyme (amylo-1,4 - 1,6 transgiucosidase)GlycogenolysisGlycogen phosphorylase-a (activej/Glycogen phosphorylase-b (inactive)Giucan transferase (oligo a-1,4 - ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A girl with normal stature and minimal or absent pubeal development is seen in | [
"Kallman syndrome",
"Turner syndrome",
"Testicular feminization syndrome",
"Pure gonadal dysgenesis"
] | A | Ans. a. Kallman syndrome | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most numerous fibers in dental pulp are | [
"A-delta",
"A-beta",
"C fibres",
"Gamma fibres"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cocaine withdrawal causes all except - | [
"Dysphoria",
"Fatigue",
"Disturbed sleep",
"Creeping bugs"
] | D | Ans. is 4d' i.e., Creeping bugs "Patients withdrawing from cocaine typically experience fatigue, dysphoria, dirturbed sleep, and some craving; some may experience depression" _______Kaplan & Saddock.o Creeping bugs are seen in chronic cocaine abuse (not due to withdrawal).Cocaineo Cocaine is an alkaloid derived from th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
anorexia nervosa is treated with | [
"anti depressents",
"clozapine",
"clorpromazine",
"pimozide"
] | A | Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a eating disorder where the patient has decreased weight and altered body image and persistent desire to maintain thinness * Gender==== more common in females * Age=======adolescence * Comorbidity=== depression and social phobia * Duration====3 months * Criteria= * Intense fear of b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The safest drug in pregnancy : | [
"INH",
"Rifampicin",
"Ethambutol",
"Streptomycin"
] | A | INH | train | med_mcqa | null |
Out of the following, which is substrate for the rate limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis? | [
"Anandamide",
"Cadaverine",
"Ornithine",
"Histidine"
] | C | ANS:-Ornithine>>Arginine Rate limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis is Ornithine decarboxylase, for which substrate is ornithine. Arginine can also be marked, As arginine is the source of ornithine, by enzyme arginase. Polyamines polycations Major polyamines are: putescine (diamine), spermidine (triamine) & spermin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about Fast track surgery except: | [
"Fasting 6 hours for solids & 2 hours for liquids",
"Use of romovac drain",
"Elimination of pain by regional anesthesia",
"Rapid postoperative mobilization"
] | B | Fast track surgery: - Coordinated perioperative appraoch aimed at reducing surgical stress & facililating postoperative recovery - Fast track surgery comprise: - Preoperative informed consent. - Fasting 6 hours for solids & 2 hours for liquids - Atraumatic surgical technique (avoid drains) - Reduction of stress - Elimi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Approximate time, at the end of which the quantity of ATP within ischemic cardiac myocytes is reduced to 10% of the original is | [
"<2 minutes",
"10 minutes",
"20 minutes",
"40 minutes"
] | D | Metabolic changes slow as the duration of ischemia increases. Irreversibly injured myocytes exhibit (a) very low levels of ATP (less than 10% of control); (b) cessation of anaerobic glycolysis; (c) high levels of H+, AMP, INO, lactate, and alpha GP; (d) a greatly increased osmolar load; (e) mitochondrial swelling and f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A Dentist notices a rash on a child’s wrist while treating a fractured tooth. Upon enquiry, the child says that he was wearing a metal bracelet in that region. Which type of crown should he use for restoring this tooth. | [
"Porcera All Ceram",
"Porcelain fused to metal",
"Stainless steel crown",
"Resin bonded FPD"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Management of a child with severe PEM having loose stools includes ________ | [
"Initiation of IV fluids immediately",
"Administration of 50ml of 10% glucose orally, if unconsious",
"Continuation of aggressive hydration, even after dehydration resolves",
"Use of low-sodium oral rehydration solution (ORS) for rehydration 5 ml/Kg every 30 min for the first 2 hours"
] | D | Management of a child with severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) having stools includes Use of low sodium ORS for Rehydration 5ml/Kg every 30 min for first 2 hours. Donot give IV fluids unless the child is in shock Give ReSoMal (low sodium rehydration solution for malnutrition) 5ml/Kg every 30 min for first 2 hr ora... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Group B nerve fibres are situated in | [
"Muscle spindles",
"Fibres carrying pain sensation",
"Preganglionic autonomic fibres",
"Post ganglionic autonomic fibres"
] | C | Types of nerve fibers
fibers are fast fibers.
- Aα- Somatic motor to extrafusal fibers of muscle spindle, proprioception
- Aβ- Kinesthetic, pressure and touch
- Aγ- Motor to intrafusal fibers of muscle spindle
- Aδ- Pain, temperature, touch and pressure
- B fibers- Autonomic pregangl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
IgG is normal or slightly reduced in A/E - | [
"Wiskott aldrich syndrome",
"Selective IgA deficiency",
"Di George syndrome",
"Common variable deficiency"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome o In Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome IgG levels are normal or elevated (not reduced). o In selective IgA deficiency IgG2 and IgG4 may be reduced. o In Digeorge syndrome serum immunoglobulin concentration are frequently normal but antibody responses, paicularly of IgG and IgA isotop... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 2 year old female child was brought to a PHC with a history of cough and fever for 4 days with inability to drink for last 12 hours. On examination, the child was having weight of 5 kg and respiratory rate of 45/minute with fever. The child will be classified as suffering from - | [
"Very severe disease",
"Severe pneumonia",
"Pneumonia",
"No pneumonia"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Very severe disease o Classification of acute respiratory tract infection (AI) is very impoant because each class has a corresponding treatment plan. o Classification is different for young infants and older infants & child because young infants have special characteristics. o So, acute respiratory tr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statement (s) is/are true about dengue fever -a) ↑ Hematocritb) ↓Plateletc) Positive tourniquet testd) Vector (Aedes aegypticus) usually bites in day time | [
"abc",
"acd",
"bcd",
"All of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Major poion of glomerular filtrate is absorbed in ? | [
"Loop of henle",
"Distal convoluted tubule",
"Collecting duct",
"Proximal segment"
] | D | D i.e. Proximal segment | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is an absolute indication for LSCS ? | [
"Type IV placental pre",
"Fetal Distress",
"Previous LSCS",
"Breech presentation"
] | A | Type IV placental pre | train | med_mcqa | null |
Murine typhus is transmitted by? | [
"Mite",
"Tick",
"Rat",
"Flea"
] | D | Ans. d (Flea). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th ed., 230).ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES (MH 2005) ArthropodDiseases transmitted1.HouseflyTyphoid and paratyphoid fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, gastroenteritis, amoebiasis, helminthic infestations, poliomyelitis, conjunctivitis, trachoma, anthrax, yaws, etc.2.SandflyKalaazar, orie... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is associated with bile duct carcinoma? | [
"Clonorchis",
"Opisthorchis",
"E. granulosus",
"Both 1 and 2"
] | D | Clonorchis is a liver fluke parasite that humans can get by eating raw or undercooked fish, crabs, or crayfish from areas where the parasite is found. Found across parts of Asia, Clonorchis is also known as the Chinese or oriental liver fluke. Liver flukes infect the liver, gallbladder, and bile duct in humans.
Opisth... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following abdominal palpation at 18 weeks of gestation is said to be: | [
"External ballottement",
"Internal ballottement",
"Fouh leopold grip",
"Palmer's sign"
] | A | External ballottement - Usually elicited as early as 20th week when the fetus is relatively smaller than the volume of the amniotic fluid. It is difficult to elicit in obese patients and in cases with scanty liquor amnii. It is best elicited in breech presentation with the head at the fundus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Physical examination of a 45 year old man who looks much older than his stated age demonstrates thin arms and legs, a swollen abdomen, red tongue, dry, thin, and slightly yellow skin, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, multiple spider angiomas, tremor, yellow discoloration of sclera, and sho term memory loss. Which of t... | [
"Bronchogenic carcinoma",
"Colon carcinoma",
"Congestive hea failure",
"Hepatic cirrhosis"
] | D | The physical examination is typical for an advanced alcoholic with hepatic cirrhosis. It is impoant to recognize these symptoms, as these patients are notorious for "underestimating" and even denying their alcohol use. Bronchogenic carcinoma typically presents with cough and/or respiratory changes, but can present with... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Initial movement of developing tooth within the bony crypt is: | [
"Bodily and eccentric.",
"Bodily and centric.",
"Axial.",
"None."
] | A | Initial movement of developing tooth within the bony crypt - bodily and eccentric.
Final movement of developing tooth for appearing in oral cavity - Axial. | train | med_mcqa | null |
One of the following is supplied by median nerve: | [
"1st and 2nd lumbricals",
"Hypothenar muscles",
"Palmar interossei",
"Dorsal in terossei"
] | A | Ans: A (1st and 2nd lumbricals) Ref: Gray's Anatomy: Anatomical basis of clinical practice by Susan Standring,ChurchiU Livingstone, 40th edition, 2008, Pg. 895Explanation:BrachialplexusbranchOriginSpinal segmentFunctionMediannerveMedia) and lateral cordsC5 to T1Motor:* All muscles in anterior compartment of forearm (ex... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is wits analysis | [
"Cephalonnetric analysis",
"Model analysis",
"Computer analysis",
"Space calculation analysis"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oral anticoagulants given to pregnant women cause | [
"Long bones limb defect",
"Craniofacial malformation",
"CVS malformation",
"Costochondro dysplasia"
] | B | Contradi's syndrome (Skeletal and facial anomalies optic atrophy, microcephaly, chondrodysplasia punctate. Warfarin given in early pregnancy increases bih defects, specially skeletal abnormality foetal warfarin syndrome - hypoplasia of nose, eye socket hand bones, growth retardation. Given later in pregnancy - it can c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The validity period of &;valid ceificate of yellow fever vaccination&; is - | [
"10 days after date of vaccination up to 7 years",
"10 days after date of vaccination up to 7 years",
"10 days after date of vaccination up to 10 years",
"7 days after date of vaccination up to 7 years"
] | C | <p> international ceificate for vaccination:- India and most other cute require a valid ceificate of vaccination against yellow fever from travellers coming from infected areas. A few countries like india require thus even when the traveller has been in transit. It rests with the each country to decide whether a ceific... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Palpatory thud audible slap is seen in: | [
"Tracheal foreign body",
"Bronchial foregion body",
"Laryngeal foreign body",
"None"
] | A | A foreign body in trachea may move up and down the trachea between the carnia and the undersurface of vocal cords causing "audible slap" and "palpatory thud." | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50 year old male presented with signs and symptoms of restrictive hea disease. A right ventricular endo-myocardial biospy revealed deposition of extracellular eosionophilic hyaline material. On transmission electron microscopy, this material is most likely to reveal the presence of: | [
"Non branching filaments of indefinitive length",
"Cross banded fibres with 67 m periodicity",
"Weibel-Palade bodies",
"Concentric whorls of lamellar structures"
] | A | Concentric whorls of lamellar structures | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscae volitantes are seen in - | [
"Vitreous detachment",
"Vitreous hemorrhage",
"Remains of primitive hyaloid vasculature",
"Eale's disease"
] | C | Muscae volitantes: These are physiological opacities and represent the residues of primitive hyaloid vasculature. Patient perceives them as fine dots and filaments, which often drift in and out of the visual field, against a bright background (e.g., clear blue sky). Ref:comprehensive ophthalmology AK Khurana page no 24... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most probable cause for a 70 yr old man presenting with tes-ticular tumour is | [
"Seminoma",
"Lymphoma",
"Teratoma",
"Choriocarcinoma"
] | B | Ans b (Lymphoma) Ref: Bailey & Love's slum practice of surgery 25th editionIncidenceSeminoma - 40%Teratoma - 32%Combined seminoma&teratoma -14%Interstitial tumours -1.5%Lymphoma - 7%Others - 5.5 %Age group< 10 yrs - Yolk sac tumour (most common)20 - 40 yrs - GCT (seminoma)50 yrs - LymphomaSpermatocytic seminoma (10% of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is a "Soft steroid" used in bronchial asthma? | [
"Budesonide",
"Dexamethasone",
"Ciclesonide",
"Fiunisolide"
] | C | A novel approach to minimizing the risk of toxicity from systemic absorption of an inhaled coicosteroid underlay the development of ciclesonide. This recently approved coicosteroid is inhaled as a prodrug activated by cleavage by esterases in bronchial epithelial cells. When absorbed into the circulation, the active pr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.