question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fever persisting even after treatment of pneumonia likely diagnosis is | [
"Empyema",
"Fungal lesions",
"Carcinoma bronchus",
"Any of the above"
] | D | number of noninfectious conditions mimic pneumonia, including pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, lung carcinoma, radiation and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and connective tissue disease involving the lungs. If the patient truly has CAP and empirical treatment is aimed at the correct pathogen, lack of response may be... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chromosomal anomalies more than 20% is associated with aEUR' | [
"Gastroschisis",
"Omphalocele",
"Spina Bifida",
"Cleft Palate"
] | B | Omphalocele "Chromosomal abnormalities have been repoed in as many as 43% fetuses with omphalocele. The most common being 13, 18, 21 and Turner's syndrome". Omphalocele Omphalocele is a midline defect of the anterior abdominal wall characterized by herniation of the abdominal visceral in to the base of the umbilical co... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about cephalosporins, except aEUR' | [
"Cephtazidime is a 3rd generation cephalosporin",
"Cephoperazone has got antipseudomonal effect",
"Cefoxitine has got no activity against anaerobes",
"Cephalosporin act by inhibiting cell wall"
] | C | Cefoxitine has got no activity against anaerobes Caphalosporins First Second Third Fouh Parenteral Cephalothin Cefuroxime Cefotaxime Cefepime Cefazolin Cefoxitin Ceftizoxime Cefpirome Ceftriaxone Ceftazidime Cefoperazone Oral Cephalexin Cefaclor Cefixime Cepharidine Cefuroxime Cefopodoxine Cefadroxil Cefuroxime Cefdini... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Z score measures the bone mineral density compred to- | [
"Age, Race and sex matched individuals",
"Race and sex matched individuals",
"Sex matched individuals",
"None of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Age, Race and sex matched individuals o The gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual energy absorption scan (DEXA Scan).o T Score and Z score are the measures of bone mineral density.o Z score : Measures the bone mineral density in terms standard deviation from the mean bone mineral density... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Serial interval is a measure of? | [
"Sensitivity",
"Specificity",
"Incubation period",
"Positive predictive value"
] | C | Ans. (c) Incubation periodRef: Park textbook 22nd ed 196 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Avascular necrosis can be a possible sequelae of fracture of all of the following bones, except - | [
"Femur neck",
"Scaphoid",
"Talus",
"Calcanuem"
] | D | Some of the common sites where avascular necrosis occurs are | train | med_mcqa | null |
Frenkel's exercise is done in case of- | [
"MND",
"Myopathy",
"Syringomyelia",
"Tabes dorsalis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Deep transverse arrest is commonly associated with which of the following types of pelvis? | [
"Platypelloid",
"Android",
"Anthropoid",
"Gynecoid"
] | B | Ans. b (Android) (Ref. Textbook of Obstetrics D.C. Dutta 6th/pg. 372)DEEP TRANSVERSE ARREST (DTA)Etiology of DTA# Android pelvis# Weak uterine contraction# Lax pelvic floorTreatment of DTA# Ventouse is ideal# Application of forceps can be useful# LSCS, if big baby, inadequate pelvis# In about 20% patients' normal deliv... | train | med_mcqa | null |
At PHC level vaccine storage is by? | [
"IRL",
"Walk in cold rooms",
"Cold boxes",
"vaccine carriers"
] | A | .ice lined refrigerators(ILR)are mkept at the PHC level.the cabinet temperature is maintained at 2 to 8 degree celsius.at the PHC level,ILR s are used to store all UIP vaccines.they are lined with tubes or ice packs filled with water which freezes and keeps the internal temperature at a safe level.</p><p>ref:park&;s te... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cat scratch disease is characterized by? | [
"Caused by a virus",
"Regional lymphadenopathy is prominent",
"More common in adults",
"All of the above"
] | B | Ans. is `b' i.e. Regional lymphadenopathy is prominentCat-scratch disease (CSD) is a common and usually benign infectious disease caused by the bacterium Baonella henselae, a fastidious, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria. cases are benign and self-limiting, but lymphadenopathy may persist for several months after o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following conditions cause an increase in AFP except? | [
"Hepatoblastoma",
"Multiple gestation",
"Increased maternal weight",
"Anterior abdominal defect"
] | C | Decreased maternal weight is associated with an increase in AFP levels. Other causes of increased AFP levels are anencephaly, spina bifida, abdominal wall defects, renal anomalies, multiple pregnancy, IUFD and wrong gestational dates. Reference: Encyclopedia of Women's Health edited by Sana Loue, page 85. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Osmotic adaptation is NE | [
"Due to osmolytes",
"In brain cells",
"Due to urea & glucose mainly",
"Protects against large H2O shift"
] | C | C i.e. Due to urea of glucose mainly | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common paranasal sinus involved by Fibrous dysplasia is? | [
"Maxillary sinus",
"Frontal sinus",
"Ethmoid sinus",
"Sphenoid sinus"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) Maxillary sinusREF: Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surge by James Byron Snow, PhillipA. Wackym, John Jacob Ballenge centennial ed p. 506Indirect repeat ENT 2012 Session 1 (see details of Fibrous dysplasia)See APPENDIX-49 "PARANASAL SINUSES" APPENDIX - 49Paranasal Sinuses:Paranasalsinus(PNS)S... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20 years old male presents with chronic constipation, headache and Marfanoid habitus, neuromas of tongue, medullated corneal nerve fibers and nodule of 2x2 cm size in the left lobe of thyroid. The most probable diagnosis is: | [
"Sporadic medullary carcinoma of thyroid",
"Familial medullary carcinoma of thyroid",
"MEN 2A",
"MEN 2B"
] | D | - 2x2cm size of nodule most commonly medullary thyroid carcinoma - Headache because of pheochromocytoma - Therefore, diagnosis is MEN-2B MEN-2B Also known as MEN-3 Gene mutated is tyrosine kinase codon of RET oncogene. Pheochromocytoma M - MTC (most aggressive) M - marfanoid features M - mucosal neuromas. RET oncogene ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Symptomatic neonatal CNS involvement is most commonly seen in which group of congenital intrauterine infection? | [
"CMV and toxoplasmosis",
"Rubella and toxoplasmosis",
"Rubella and HSV",
"CMV and syphilis"
] | C | c. Rubella and HSV(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1548-1551)Symptomatic CNS infections in neonatal period are most commonly seen in HSV (75-100%) f/b Rubella (30-60%);CMV, toxoplasma, and syphillis become symptomatic in less than 10%-15% of cases.Characteristic clinical features of Intrauterine InfectionsInfectionIUGRHSMBleeding... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gamma Rays Are used in which Diagnostic Modality ? | [
"Fluoroscopy",
"CT Scan",
"MRI",
"Bone scan"
] | D | Gamma Rays are used in Radioisotope studies/scintigraphy studies Bone scan is a radioisotope study done using Tc99m -MDP to detect skeletal metastasis Fluoroscopy and CT scan uses Xrays Radiowaves are used in MRI | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iron absorption from intestine is regulated by - | [
"Acid secretion in stomach",
"Reducing substances in food",
"Mucosal block in the intestinal cells in according to iron requirement",
"Alkaline medium in small intestine"
] | C | The iron absorption is based on Mucosal block in the intestinal cells in according to iron requirement. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 623 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Investigation of choice in spontaneous Sub arachnoid bleed | [
"CT scan",
"Ventriculography",
"Ultrasound",
"Cerebral angiography"
] | A | (A) CT scan | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following conditions are known to cause diabetes insipidus except - | [
"Multiple sclerosis",
"Head injury",
"Histiocytosis",
"Viral encephalitis"
] | A | Causes of Central Diabetes insipidus Causes of Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus ref - Researchgate.net | train | med_mcqa | null |
The minimum age at which an individual is responsible for his criminal act is – | [
"12 years",
"7 years",
"16 years",
"21 years"
] | B | According to sec. 82 IPC nothing is an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dialectical behaviour therapy is used in the management of which of the following disorder ? | [
"Borderline personality disorder",
"Avoidant personality disorder",
"Narcissistic personality disorder",
"Antisocial personality disorder"
] | A | The mainstay treatment for borderline personality disorders is psychotherapy which includes behavior therapy-dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) -specific for borderline personality disorder. It is used especially for those with parasuicidal behavior, such as frequent cutting. Patients are seen weekly, with the goal of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about Non competitive antagonism | [
"Curve Flattens",
"Irreversible",
"Potency remains same",
"Efficacy remains same"
] | D | Efficacy decreases | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 31-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She is known to be HIV positive. She also has asthma, for which she uses an inhaler. She had a diagnostic laparoscopy at age 20 for pelvic pain and has had no other surgeries. She has no known drug allergies. Extensive counseling is given to t... | [
"2%",
"8%",
"25%",
"50%"
] | C | Studies have demonstrated that in the absence of maternal treatment with antiretroviral therapy or scheduled cesarean delivery, the rate of veical transmission is approximately 25%. Thus, all pregnant women should be offered HIV testing to identify those patients who are infected so that they may receive antiretroviral... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diascopy is very helpful in diagnosis of: | [
"Cutaneous vasculitis",
"Nevus anemicus",
"Lupus vulgaris",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. d. All of the above (Ref. Rooks textbook of dermatology 7th edition, 5.10)DIASCOPY# Pressing the glass slide or a stiff, clear, colourless piece of plastic onto the skin compresses blood out of small vessels to allow evaluation of other colors.# Useful in- Lupus vulgaris:granulomatous nodules which have translusce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nephrotoxicity is a side effect of one of the following immuno-suppressives - | [
"Sirolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Mycophenolate mofetil",
"Azathioprine"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Tacrolimus Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant.Its most common adverse effect is, NephrotoxicityTacrolimus causes dose dependent renal tubular injury and direct renal artery vasospasm (intrarenal vasoconstriction is the pivotal event in the nephrotoxicity caused by Tacrolimus)Comparison of Tacrolimus a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following form posterior relations of head of pancreas, except | [
"Common Bile Duct",
"First pa of duodenum",
"Aoa",
"Inferior Vena cava"
] | B | First pa of duodenum forms the anterior relation of head of pancreas while all others form the posterior relations. Anterior relations of head of pancreas include first pa of duodenum, transverse colon, jejunum . Posterior relations include inferior vena cava, terminal pas of renal veins, right crus of diaphragm and bi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are required for hydroxylation of proline in collagen synthesis except : | [
"2",
"Vitamin C",
"Dioxygenases",
"Pyridoxal phosphate"
] | D | D i.e. Pyridoxal phosphate | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a physiological uncoupler? | [
"Thyroxine",
"Insulin",
"Glucagon",
"Norepinephrine"
] | A | Ans. A. Thyroxine(Ref: Harper 31/e page 123)Uncoupler of Oxidative PhosphorylationMechanism of Action -Disruption of Proton Gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.1. 2,4 Dinitrophenol2. Dinitrocresol3. FCCP (Flouro Carbonyl Cyanide Phenyl hydrazine)4. Aspirin in high dosePhysiological Uncoupler1. Thermogenin ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Second sight phenomenon is seen in | [
"Nuclear cataract",
"Coical cataract",
"Senile cataract",
"Iridocyclitis"
] | A | Second sight - improved in near vision and presbyopia correct itself Nuclear cataract - Hemeralopia (day blindness) - Decreased distant vision - Seconded vision | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following condition is not associated with an Anti- phopholipid syndrome - | [
"Venous thrombosis",
"Recurrent foetal loss",
"Thrombocytosis",
"Neurological manifestations"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Thrombocytosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Longest acting thiazide diuretic is: | [
"Chlorthiazide",
"Chlorthalidone",
"Indapamide",
"Metolazone"
] | B | Chlorthiazide : Shortest acting
Chlorthalidone : Longest acting | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following structures is inferior to spheno petrosal Synchondrosis - | [
"Abducens nerve",
"Osseous part of auditory tube",
"Cartilaginous part of auditory tube",
"Petro squamous sinus"
] | C | o Lateral part of inferior surface of petrous part of temporal articulates with greater wing of sphenoid (spheno-petrosal synchondrosis) to form sulcus tubae for the ludgement of cartilaginous part of auditory tube. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Types of tympanoplasty include all except | [
"Myringoplasty",
"Myringostapediopexy",
"Fenestration",
"Schwaz operation"
] | D | Coical Mastoidectomy (Simple Mastoidectomy or Schwaz Operation): It is an exenteration of all accessible mastoid air cells preserving the posterior meatal wall. Types of Tympanoplasty Wullstein classified tympanoplasty into five types. Type I Defect is perforation of tympanic membrane which is repaired with a graft. It... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an appropriate investigation for anterior urethral stricture ? | [
"Magnetic resonance imaging",
"Retrograde urethrogram",
"Micturating cystourethrogram",
"High frequency ultrasound"
] | A | Radiological investigations for urethral stricture are :-
(1) Retrograde urethrography;
(2) Micturating cystourethrography;
(3) Endoscopy (urethroscopy);
(4) Sonographic urethrogram;
(5) High frequency USG. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year-old woman has a lumpectomy following mammographic discovery of a carcinoma of the breast. Which of the following is a well-known characteristic or association of breast cancer? | [
"Low-fat diet",
"Positive family history",
"Excessive thinness",
"Multiparity"
] | B | A history of breast cancer in first-degree female relatives and a diet high in animal fats are impoant associations of breast cancer. Associations related to excess estrogen stimulation include:- High-fat diet Obesity Early menarche Nulliparity. Additional associations are delayed first pregnancy and exogenous estrogen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
1st clinical sign of vitamin A deficiency is | [
"night blindness",
"bitot's spots",
"xerostomia",
"conjunctival xerosis"
] | D | Night blindness (nyctalopia) is one of the earliest symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with leprosy presents with clumsiness of hand. His ulnar nerve is affected. Clumsiness is due to palsy of which muscle - | [
"Extensor carpi ulnaris",
"Abductor pollicis brevis",
"Oppenens pollicis",
"Interosseous muscle"
] | D | Clumsiness is due to paralysis of muscles which are involved in fine movement i.e., interossei, lumbricals and hypothenar muscles. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The hyperkinetic features of the Huntington's disease are due to the loss of | [
"Nigrostriatal dopaminergic system",
"Intrastriatal cholinergic system",
"GABA-ergic and cholinergic system",
"Intrastriatal GABA-ergic and cholinergic system"
] | C | It is a genetic disease of nervous system inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder usually occurring between 30 and 50 years of age. Site of lesion : There occurs damage to GABAergic and cholinergic neurons of striatum (caudate and putamen ) that project to pallidum The loss of GABAergic pathway to the external pall... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following are sulphonyl urea compounds except: | [
"Tolbutamide",
"Chloropropamide",
"Metformin",
"Glibenclamide"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
KISA% is associated with- | [
"Keratoconus",
"Keratoglobus",
"Hypermetropia with astigmatism",
"Terrien's marginal degeneration"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Keratoconus * The KISA index is used in cases of keratoconus and is derived using 4 indices:i) Central keratometry Kii) Inferior- Superior keratometry (I-S)iii) Astigmatism Index (AST)* It is calculated using videokeratograph device and it quantifies th degree of corneal astigmatism and the SRAX index... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pigmented "muddy brown" granular cast is characteristic of | [
"Prerenal ARF",
"Ischemic or nephrotoxic ATN",
"Postrenal ARF",
"Chronic renal failure"
] | B | AKI from ATN due to ischemic injury, sepsis, or ceain nephrotoxins has characteristic urine sediment findings: pigmented "muddy brown" granular casts and tubular epithelial cell casts. These findings may be absent in more than 20% of cases Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 1805 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient was suffering from hepatorenal syndrome. A urine sample was obtained from the patient and was examined under the microscope. Which of the following technique is being used to make the organism visible? | [
"Dark field microscopy",
"Routine microscopy with negatively stained background",
"Phase contrast microscopy",
"Compound light microscopy"
] | A | (a) Dark field microscopyLEPTOSPIRALeptospira, comprises of two species:* L. interrogans (pathogenic for humans): Causes leptospirosis or Weil's disease involving liver and kidney.* L.biflexa (saprophyte)* Mode of transmission:It is zoonotic. Direct human-to-human transmission does not occur. It is transmitted by:0 Ind... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Twin pregnancy predisposes to : | [
"Hydramnios",
"Pregnancy induced hypeension",
"Malpresentation",
"All of the above"
] | D | All of the above | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 28-year-old man begins a program of vigorous body building. After 6 months, his biceps would be expected to exhibit which of the following adaptive cellular changes? | [
"Hyperplasia of type I fibers",
"Hyperplasia of type II fibers",
"Hypertrophy of type I fibers",
"Hypertrophy of type II fibers"
] | D | Hypertrophy of type II fibers. Stimulation of type II fibers elicits a faster, shorter, and more powerful contraction than occurs in type I fibers. Type II muscle fibers are suitable for rapid contractions of brief duration and react to strength training with hypertrophy Androgenic steroids also induce hypertrophy of t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antimullerian hormone levels, during menopausal transition | [
"Remain constatn",
"Decrease",
"Increase",
"Varies"
] | B | Anti mullerian hormone levels decrease markedly and progressively across menopausal transition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The lymphatic drainage of testes is - | [
"Inguinal L.N.",
"Mesenteric L.N.",
"Para-aortic L.N.",
"Obturator L.N."
] | C | Testes drains into para-aortic lymph nodes. | train | med_mcqa | null |
High mitotic activity with rapid cellular turnover and characteristic "Starry sky" appearance is seen in | [
"Follicular lymphoma",
"Diffuse lymphoma",
"Burkitt's lymphoma",
"Hodgkin's lymphoma"
] | C | Ans. c (Burkitt's lymphoma) (Ref. Robbins 7th/677).The types of NHL involving mature B cells are 4, namely - Burkitt's lymphoma, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Mantle cell lymphoma, and Follicular lymphoma. Burkitt's lymphoma occrs in adolescents or young adults, associated with t(8;14)-- translocation of c-myc (8) and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
DNA polymerase are required for | [
"5 – 3 polymerase activity",
"3 – 5 exonuclease activity",
"5 – 3 exonuclease activity",
"All of these"
] | D | As the question has not specified the type of DNA polymerase whether type I, II & III, So, consider all three & lets have a look of the properties of all 3:-
DNA polymerase I 5' → 3' polymerase activity
5' → 3' exonuclease activity
3' → 5' exonuclease activ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement regarding congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | [
"Six month age present",
"Bilous vomiting present",
"Metabolic alkalosis",
"Hypokalemic acidosis"
] | C | i.e. (Metabolic alkalosis): (78-79-Love & Bailey 25th) (174-75-CSDT 13th)Repititive vomiting leads to hypocholeremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. The urine is alkaline initially but eventually it becomes acidic (paradoxical aciduria)**INFANTILE HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS* Most commonly affects boys M>F (4:1) age... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Flaer assay is used for | [
"Hereditary spherocytosis",
"Thalassemia",
"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria",
"All of the above"
] | C | Flaer (Flourescein - Labelled proaerolysin) is sensitive test for PNH. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chronically lymphoedematous limb ispredisposed to all of the following except - | [
"Thickening of the skin",
"Recurrent soft tissue infections",
"Marjolin's ulcer",
"Sarcoma"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Air in biliary tract is seen in all except: | [
"Gall stone ileus",
"Sclerosing cholangitis",
"Carcinoma gall bladder",
"Endoscopic papillotomy"
] | B | B i.e. Sclerosing Cholangitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Likely cause of this manifestation is: | [
"Candida",
"Pseudomonas",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Fusarium"
] | B | Diagnosis of this image is green nail syndrome. Paronychial infection that can develop in individuals whose hands are frequently submerged in water. Cause- Pseudomonas aeruginosa | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reflex is characterised by all except | [
"Fractionation",
"Occlusion",
"Prepotentiation",
"Minosynaptic"
] | D | (D) Minosynaptic > The basic unit of integrated reflex activity is the Reflex arc.# Monosynaptic reflexes: Simplest reflex arc is one with a single synapse between afferent & efferent neurons, such arcs are monosynaptic.# Polysynaptic reflexes: Reflex arcs in which one or more interneurons are interposed between the af... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The type of Diphtheria with highest moality is | [
"Pharyngeal",
"Nasal",
"Laryngeal",
"Conjuctival"
] | C | Laryngeal diphtheria causes asphyxia due to mechanical obstruction of the respiratory passage by the pseudomembrane. Emergency tracheostomy may be necessary in such cases. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and panicker's; 10th edition; Page no: 240 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Genital warts are caused by - | [
"HPV 2 & 4",
"HPV 3 & 10",
"HPV 5 & 8",
"HPV 6 & 11"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ketamine contraindicated in all except- | [
"Head injury",
"Hypertension",
"Asthma",
"Glaucoma"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Asthma o Ketamine increases cerebral blood flow, metabolism, oxygen consumption and intracranial tension, unlike thiopentone, propofol&etomidate, which have cerebroprotectiveeffect, therefore ketamine is contraindicated in head injury, intracranial space occupying lesions and for neuroanaesthesia.o Ce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Councilman bodies are characteristically seen in | [
"Acute viral hepatitis",
"Chronic viral hepatitis",
"Autoimmune hepatitis",
"Alcoholic hepatitis"
] | A | Councilman bodies are apoptotic bodies characteristic of acute viral hepatitis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amylnitrate is used in which of the following poisioning: | [
"Hydrocyanide poisoning",
"Red phosphorus",
"Yelow phosphorus",
"Arsenic poisioning"
] | A | A i.e. Hydrocyanide poisoning | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hirsutism is caused by which drug : | [
"Minoxidil",
"Dactinomycin",
"Cycloserine",
"Valsartan"
] | A | Minoxidil is a potassium channel opener, useful as an antihypertensive drug. It can cause hirsutism in females and is used for the treatment of alopecia in males. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ophthalmic aery is a branch of which pa of ICA | [
"Cervical",
"Petrous",
"Cavernous",
"Cerebral"
] | D | Cervical pa of the aery does not give any branches Petrous pa gives branches for the middle ear Cavernous pa supplies hypophysis cerebri Cerebral pa gives ophthalmic aery for orbit, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral. anterior choroidal and posterior communicating for the brain Ref BDC volume3,sixth edition pg 312 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest site of peptic ulcer is - | [
"Ist pa of duodenum",
"IInd pa of duodenum",
"Distal 1/3 of stomach",
"Pylorus of the stomach"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1st pa of Duodenum Duodenum, 1st poion Stomach, usually antrum At the gastro - esophageal junction, in the setting of gastroesophageal reflux or Barrett's esophagus Within the margins of a gastrojejunostomy In the duodenum, stomach or jejunum of patients with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Within or adjac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The circle of Willis lies in: | [
"Subarachnoid space",
"Subdural space",
"Intraventricular space",
"None of the above"
] | A | The circulus aeriosus (circle of Willis) is a large aerial anastomosis which unites the internal carotid and veebrobasilar systems.It lies in the subarachnoid space within the deep interpeduncular cistern, and surrounds the optic chiasma, the infundibulum and other structures of the interpeduncular fossa.Ref: Gray's an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common site of traumatic CSF Rhinorrhea? | [
"Ethmoid sinus",
"Frontal sinus",
"Pariental fossa",
"Sphenoid sinus"
] | A | AETIOLOGY OF CSF RHINORRHEA * Trauma. Most of the cases follow trauma. It can be accidental or surgical. Surgical trauma includes endoscopic sinus surgery, trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy, nasal polypectomy or skull base surgery. In endoscopic sinus surgery, CSF leak may be immediate or delayed in onset. * Inflammation... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug is not used in detrussor instability: | [
"Solefenacin.",
"Flavoxate.",
"Duloxetine.",
"Tolterodine."
] | C | Duloxetine is an SSRI used for treatment of depression | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Wegener's granulomatosis cytoplasmic anti neutrophilic antibodies are directed against - | [
"Proteinase 1",
"Proteinase 2",
"Proteinase 3",
"Proteinase 4"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Urinary tract infection exists when the bacterial count in 1 ml. of midstream specimen of urine is - | [
"100",
"1000",
"10\n4",
"10\n5\n or over"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of rubeosis iridis is | [
"Vitreous hemorrhage",
"CRVO",
"CRAO",
"Diabetes mellitus"
] | D | Rubeosis iridis is a condition in which new blood vessels form on the anterior surface of the iris. It occurs in diabetics of long standing and in thrombosis of the retinal vein. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following helps in cell to cell adhesion? | [
"Interleukins",
"Interferons",
"E-Cadherin",
"Matrix metallo proteinase"
] | C | Ref: Robbin's Pathology, 9th ed. pg. 307* Normal epithelial cells are tightly glued to each other and the ECM by a variety of adhesion molecules.* E-cadherin, a cell surface protein, maintains intercellular adhesiveness serving to hold the cells together and relay signals between the cells.* In several epithelial tumor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following may be seen in patient of cardiac tamponade except- | [
"Kussmaul's sign",
"Pulsus paradoxus",
"Electrical alternans",
"Right ventricular diastolic collapse on echocardiogram"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cock's peculiar tumor is | [
"Basal cell CA",
"Squamous cell CA",
"Ulcerated sebaceous cyst",
"Cylindroma"
] | C | Ans is 'c' i.e. Ulcerated sebaceous cyst Repeat from May 04Cocks peculiar tumor is actually a complication of sebaceous cyst.- When the sebaceous cyst of the scalp ulcerates excessive granulation tissue forms resembling fungating epithelioma. This is called cock's peculiar tumor.Also know these termsCylindroma-A malign... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kostmann's syndrome–treatment is – | [
"Anti–thymocyte globulin + cyclosporin",
"Anti–thymocyte globulin + cyclosporin + GM–CSF",
"G–CSF",
"GM–CSF"
] | C | Kostmann's syndrome (severe congenital neutropenia)
Kostmann's syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder, is an inherited disorder of the bone marrow in which there is the arrest of maturation of neutrophils at promyelocyte stage.
There is congenital neutropenia and neutrophils are often completely absent in the blood... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 67-year-old man has severe cirrhosis of the liver. He most likely has enlarged anastomoses between which of the following pairs of veins? | [
"Inferior phrenic and superior phrenic",
"Left colic and middle colic",
"Left gastric and esophageal",
"Lumbar and renal"
] | C | Cirrhosis of the liver would lead to inability of the portal system to accommodate blood flow. Blood backs up toward systemic circulation, draining to the inferior vena cava, with pooling at areas of portal-caval anastomoses. The left gastric vein (portal) meets the esophageal vein (caval) and enlarges or expands in in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about streptococcus are all except - | [
"Group C causes NO human infection",
"Classification by lancefield based on carbohydrate antigen",
"Group B causes neonatal meningitis",
"Group B lives in female genital tract"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Group C causes no human infection group c actually causes infection Human pathogen is strep. equisimilis, They produce f3 - hemolysis. Can cause upper respiratory tract infection, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, brain abscess, pneumonia and puerperal sepsis. Penicillin G is the drug of choice for treatme... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a Limb Girdle Dystrophy: | [
"Sarcoglycan dystrophy",
"Dystrophin dystrophy",
"Dysferlin dystrophy",
"Calpain dystrophy"
] | B | Answer is B (Dystrophin dystrophy): Calpain - J, Sarcoglycans (y, a, fl and 0 and dysferlin are all examples of defective gene / locus in Limb girdle dystrophies. Dystrophin is associated with Duchenne and Becker's type of muscular dystrophics and is not associated with Limb girdle dystrophies. The Limb girdle muscular... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which of the following conditions postmoem caloricity may be seen in death due to: | [
"Massive haemorrhage",
"Cyanide poisoning",
"Corrosive poisoning",
"Septicemia"
] | D | In this condition, the temperature of the body remains raised for the first two hours or so after death. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By K S Narayan Reddy, 27th Edition, Pages 136 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a cause of acute anal pain | [
"Thrombosed hemorrhoids",
"Acute anal fissure",
"Fistula in ano",
"Perianal abscess"
] | C | Ans. c. Fistula in ano | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following protein binds to free heme? | [
"Ceruloplasmin",
"Haptoglobin",
"Hemopexin",
"Hemosiderin"
] | C | Ans: c) Hemopexin Option analysis: Binding protein Ceruloplasmin is a copper containing protein Haptoglobin Free Haemoglobin Hemosiderin Denatured ferritin Hemopexin is a b1-globulin that binds free heme | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the grading of trachoma,trachomatous inflammations follicular is defined as the presence of | [
"5 or more follicles in the lower tarsal conjunctiva",
"Three or more molecules in the lower tarsal conjunctiva",
"Five or more follicles in upper tarsal conjunctiva",
"Three or more follicles in upper tarsal conjunctiva"
] | C | The pneumonic is FIST-O Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 65 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most commonly affected valve in SABE | [
"Pulmonary valve",
"Mitral valve",
"Tricuspid valve",
"Coronary valve"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is silent thyroiditis? | [
"Acute thyroiditis",
"Subacute thyroiditis",
"Hashimoto thyroiditis",
"Post-paum thyroiditis"
] | D | Silent thyroiditis / Post-Paum thyroiditis It is an autoimmune mediated destruction of gland. It occurs after 3-6 months post-paum in about 5% of pregnancies. Patient first develops thyrotoxicosis which is followed by hypothyroidism and then resolution. It is characterised by: Normal ESR and presence of TPO antibodies ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are seen in gestational diabetes except - | [
"Previous macrosomic baby",
"Obesity",
"Malformations",
"Polyhydramnios"
] | C | Malformations Gestational diabetes Gestational diabetics are a heterogenous group of patients whose disease onset or first recognition occurs during the present pregnancy. - The majority of these women have carbohydrate intolerance because of the diabetogenic effects of pregnancy and will have normal carbohydrate toler... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the rationale behind xenobiotic metabolism by CYP enzymes | [
"Increase in water solubility",
"Increase in lipid solubility",
"Conversion to an active metabolites",
"Makes it suitable to evaporate through skin surface"
] | A | Refer Katzung 12th/p53,54 The aim of xenobiotic metabolism is to increase water solubility so that these compounds can be excreted in urine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Porencephaly refers to – | [
"Foetal alcohal syndrome",
"Dandy-walker-syndrome",
"Vascular lesion due to degenerative vessel disease and head injury",
"Neural tube defects"
] | C | Porencephaly Refers to the presence of cysts or cavities within the brain, that may results from
Developniental defects (True porencephalic cysts).
Acquired lesions of infarction of tissues. (i.e. Vascular lesions) - AV malformation or infarcts or (Pseudo-porencephalic cysts).
Defects of NeuronalMigration : ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lateral ventricle is connected to third ventricle by ? | [
"Foramen of Monro",
"Foramen of luschka",
"Foramen of magendie",
"Median foramen"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Foramen of Monro | train | med_mcqa | null |
Least rigid maxillary major connector is: | [
"Complete palate",
"Single palatal strap",
"Double palatal bar",
"U-shaped"
] | D | U -Shaped Palatal Connector:
From both the patient's standpoint and a mechanical standpoint, the U-shaped palatal connector is the least desirable of maxillary major connectors. It should never be used arbitrarily. When a large inoperable palatal torus exists and occasionally when several anterior teeth are to be rep... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the statements are seen in fragile X syndrome except | [
"Cardiac murmurs",
"Female preponderance",
"Autism",
"Mental retardation"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a new drug available to treat multi drug resistant tuberculosis? | [
"Bedaquiline",
"Rifampicin",
"Linezolid",
"Cefepime"
] | A | Ans. a. Bedaquiline (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1115. 205e- 7)Two novel drugs belonging to two new antibiotic classes--the diarylquinoline bedaquiline and the nitroimidazole delamanid--have recently been approved for use in severe cases of MDR-TB by stringent regulatory authorities."Two novel drugs belonging to two new antibi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Burning epigastric pain is due to - | [
"Vomiting",
"Reflux esophagitis",
"Duodenal ulcer",
"Gastric ulcer"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Reflux esophagitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ferritin an inactive form of iron is stored in: | [
"Gut",
"Spleen",
"Liver",
"All of the above"
] | C | Ans. C. LiverHemosiderosis is due to excessive iron in the body. It is commonly observed in patients receiving repeated blood transfusions. Bantu-siderosis is due to food cooked in iron pots.Hemochromatosis is a rare disease in which iron is directly deposited in the tissues.Bronzed pigmentation of skin, cirrhosis of l... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Metaplasia is thought to be caused in most cases by:- | [
"Genetic mutation",
"Oncogenic virus",
"Chronic irritation",
"Immunologic reaction"
] | C | Chronic irritation Metaplasia is commonly seen in the epithelial surfaces of the bronchial tree secondary to chronic irritation of cigarette smoke. Metaplasia may also be seen in areas of long-standing, chronic infections. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infant with cystic fibrosis (CF) are likely to develop – a) Meconitun ileusb) Loose motionsc) Vomitingd) Constipation | [
"b",
"c",
"ac",
"ad"
] | D | Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus) glands of the lungs, liver, pancreas and intestines, causing progressive disability due to multisystem failure.
It has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
Pathogenesis
The basic defect in CF is a mutati... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Increased suicidal tendency is associated with: | [
"Increased noradrenaline",
"Decreased serotonin",
"Decreased dopamine",
"Increased GABA"
] | B | Decreased levels of 5 HIAA (which is a metabolite of serotonin) are related to increased risk of suicide. (|) 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) (|) MHPG (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol) Increased risk of suicide. (|) HVA (homovanillic acid) Schizophrenia and other conditions involvingpsychosis (|) HVA Parkinson's di... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Condyloma acuminata in pregnancy is treated by: | [
"Podophyllin",
"Podophyllin toxin",
"Trichloroacetic acid",
"5-FU cream"
] | C | Ans. C. Trichloroacetic acidTreatment of condyloma -acuminata - (verruca-genital is)a. Podophyllum is effective only on the genital wartsb. Podophyllum is potentially toxic and must be avoided in during pregnancyc. Chemical cauterization is usually done with liquified phenol or concentrated trichloroacetic acid | train | med_mcqa | null |
DNA estimation can be done by - | [
"Spirometer",
"Spectrophotometer",
"pH meter",
"Sphygmometer"
] | B | A spectrophotometer measures the amount of light that a sample absorbs. The instrument operates by passing a beam of light through a sample and measuring the intensity of light reaching a detector. When a photon in the beam of light encounters an analyte molecule (the analyte is the molecule being studied), there is a ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 30 year old lady is to undergo surgery under intravenous regional anesthesia for her left 'trigger finger'. Which one of the following should not be used for patient? | [
"Lignocaine",
"Bupivacaine",
"Prilocaine",
"Lignocaine + ketorolac."
] | B | B i.e. Bupivacaine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gynecomastia is an adverse effect of all of the following drugs except: | [
"Spironolactone",
"Finasteride",
"Coisol",
"Cimetidine"
] | C | ESSENTIAL of MEDICAL PHARMOCOLOGY SIXTH EDITION -KD TRIPATHI Page:298 Adverse effect of coisol: 1.Cushing habitus 2.Fragile skin, purple striae-typically on thighs and lower abdomen, easv bruising, telangiectasis, hirsutism. Cutaneous atro- phy occurs with topical use also. 3. Hyperglycaemia, may be glycosuria, preci- ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Buffering is maximum when | [
"pH = pKa",
"pH > pKa",
"pH < pKa",
"No relation to pKa"
] | A | Ans: a (pH = pKa) Ref: Vasudevan 4'k ecU p.346At values close to pKa, the buffer solution resists changes in pH most effectively. Buffering is the tendency of a solution to resist a change in pH more effectively after addition of a strong acid or base tha n does equal volume of water. Solutions of weak acids and their ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the incidence rate of schizophrenia in general population? | [
"0.50%",
"1%",
"1.50%",
"2%"
] | A | Incidence rate of schizophrenia ranges from 0.10 to 0.70. The prevalence of schizophrenia is approximately >1% worldwide. No known racial differences exist in the prevalence of schizophrenia. he prevalence of schizophrenia is about the same in men and women. The onset of schizophrenia is later and the symptomatology is... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with a complaint of shortness of breath. During physical examination it is noted that there is wide splitting in her S2 heart sound. Which of the following valves is/are responsible for production of the S2 heart sound? | [
"Mitral valve",
"Pulmonary and aortic",
"Aortic and mitral",
"Tricuspid"
] | B | The S2 heart sound refers to the second (dub) heart sound. This sound is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves. The closure of mitral/bicuspid and tricuspid valves produce the first S1 (lub) heart sound. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.