question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Lipids and proteins interact in membrane by: (PGI June 2007) | [
"Hydrophobic interactions",
"Both hydrophobic and covalent interactions",
"Covalent bonds",
"H bonds"
] | D | Ans. D (Hydrogen bond) "Integral protein interacts with hydrophobic region of the membrane through van der waais contact Q & peripheral membrane protein interacts with lipid through ionic or hydrogen bond Q"- Chatterjea & Shinde 7th/12Protein Within Cell MembraneIntegral / Transmembrane Proteins# They interact with the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 years old female presented to OPD with this lesion in the breast. What is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"DCIS",
"LCIS",
"Peau-d-orange",
"Paget's disease of nipple"
] | D | PAGET'S DISEASE is a superficial manifestation of an underlying breast carcinoma (95%) it presents as an eczema like condition of nipple and areola that persists despite treatment. Microscopically, Paget's disease is characterized by the presence of large, ovoid cells with abundant clear, pale staining cytoplasm in the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The a-helix of proteins is: | [
"A pleated structure",
"Made periodic by disulphide bridges",
"A non-periodic structure",
"Stabilised by hydrogen bonds between NH and CO groups of the main chain"
] | D | The alpha helix is the most common and stable conformation for a polypeptide chain. In proteins like hemoglobin and myoglobin, the alpha helix is abundant, whereas it is virtually absent in chymotrypsin. The structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between NH and C=O groups of the main chain.
Reference: Vasudevan 7th ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a government policy to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4; it was decided to immunize 90% of the children to reduce IMR to 30. ‘The reduction of IMR to 30’ is: | [
"Target",
"Objective",
"Goal",
"Mission"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Activator of light cure composite is: | [
"Camphorquinone.",
"Tertiary amine.",
"Blue light.",
"Benzoyl peroxide."
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young 8 years old boy with multiple, small, pin point, shiny, papular lesions on dorsal aspect of hand, forearms and his penis also. Diagnosis is: | [
"Molluscum cantagiosum",
"Scabies",
"Lichen planus",
"Lichen nitidus"
] | D | Ans. d Lichen nitidus (Ref: Mark Lebwohl 2nd/345)A young 8 years old boy with multiple, small, pin point, shiny, papular lesions on dorsal aspect of hand, forearms and his penis also. Diagnosis is Lichen nitidus.Grouped pinhead lesions on elbow. abdomen, penis and dorsum of hand in a child as shown in the picture is hi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are seen more in ECF except | [
"Na+",
"Cl-",
"Mg++",
"HCO-3"
] | C | Na+,Ca+,Cl- and HCO3- are largely extracellular whereas K+,Mg2+ are predominantly seen in ICF.(Ref: Textbook of physiology AK Jain 5tg edition page no.27) | train | med_mcqa | null |
In an adult man,there is about how much grams of hemoglobin in the circulating blood | [
"350",
"500",
"900",
"1000"
] | C | PURPOSE: A standardized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing procedure with measurements of CO-hemoglobin, hemoglobin concentration (), and hematocrit (Hct) enables to determine total Hb mass (Hb(tot)), blood, erythrocyte, and plasma volume (BV, EV, and PV). These calculations are normally based on venous blood samples. Ho... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Max Joseph&;s space is a histopathological feature of | [
"Psoriasis vulgaris",
"Lichen planus",
"Pityriasis rosea",
"Parapsoriasis"
] | B | Max Joseph's space is a characteristic histological finding seen in lichen planus. These are small clefts formed due to dermoepidermal separation and basal cell degeneration character histopathology in lichen planus basal cell degeneration interface lymphocyte infiltration compact hyperkeratosis wedge shaped hypergranu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adenosine deaminase deficiency is seen in the following- | [
"Common variable immunodeficiency.",
"Chronic granulomatous disease",
"Nezelof syndrome",
"Severe combined immunodeficiency"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following can cause delirium - | [
"Hypoxia",
"Barbiturates",
"Alcohol withdrawal",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the aboveImportant causes of delirium1. Trauma : - Head injury, subdural hematoma2.Infection : - Septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis.3. Metabolic : - Hypoxia, hypercapnia, uremia, CHF, Hepatic failure, porphyria, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, water & electrolyte imbalance.4. Endocrine : - Hy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 8 year old boy is brought to the emergency room with a 3-day history of fever to 102 degrees F and abdominal pain. He also complains of pain in his right knee and right elbow. He was seen four weeks ago because of a sore throat and a rash. A throat culture performed at that time grew gram-positive cocci in chains. A... | [
"Catalase test",
"Coagulase test",
"Sensitivity to bacitracin",
"Sensitivity to novobiocin"
] | C | This case is classic for Rheumatic fever, including two of the major Jones criteria (carditis, polyahritis) and several minor criteria (fever, ahralgia, elevated ESR, leukocytosis, C-reactive protein, prolonged PR interval). Rheumatic fever is a sequelae of untreated infection with Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes). ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Binding of proteins to DNA is regulated by | [
"Copper",
"Zinc",
"Selenium",
"Nickle"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most severe luxation injury among the following: | [
"Concussion",
"Lateral luxation",
"Extrusion",
"Intrusion"
] | D | order of luxation injuries on the basis of Severity:
Concussion<subluxation<lateral luxation<extrusion<intrusion | train | med_mcqa | null |
Substance with same atomic number but different mass number: | [
"Isotope",
"Isobar",
"Isomer",
"Molecule"
] | A | Ans. a (Isotope). (Ref. Radioactive isotope in Medicine Biology by Quimby, 2nd ed., 26)TERMDEFINITIONE-g.IsotopesAtoms having same atomic numbers, different mass numbers (hence different neutron number)e.g., 17CI35, 17CI37IsobarsAtoms having same mass numbers, different atomic number (hence different neutron number)e.g... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are the known causes of osteoporosis except - | [
"Fluorosis",
"Hypogonadism",
"Hypehyroidism",
"Hyperparathyroidism"
] | A | Osteoporosis It refers to reduction ofbone mass per unit volume (loss of matrix and defective mineralisation) (Fig. 9.47). Aetiology 1.Involutional 2.Endocrinological 3.Gastrointestinal 4.Haematological 5.Rheumatological 6.Collagen vascular Normal bone Type I (postmenopausal) and Type II (senile) Hypehyroidism Hyperpar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is a content of calots triangle ? | [
"Cystic duct",
"Cystic aery",
"Common hepatic aery",
"Common hepatic duct"
] | B | Calots triangle is an anatomic space bordered by the cystic duct inferiorly, common hepatic duct medially and the inferior (visceral) surface of the liver superiorly. The cystic aery lies within the cystohepatic triangle, which is used to locate it during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ref - BDC vol2 , researchgate.ne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy are - | [
"Amyloid",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Storage disease",
"All of the above"
] | D | Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterised by a primary decrease in ventricular compliance , resulting in impaired ventricular filling during diastole. Restrictive cardiomyopathy can be idiopathic or associated with systemic disease that also happen to affect the myocardium for example radiation fibrosis, amyloidosis,... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mammography has 90% sensitivity and 98% specificity for breast carcinona. What is the probability that a woman with breast carcinoma remains undiagnosed for 2 consecutive years? | [
"10-Jan",
"10-Feb",
"1/100",
"2/100"
] | C | Test is 90% sensitive, that means 90 out of 100 women with breast cancer will be diagnosed as breast cancer and 10 women with breast cancer will be undiagnosed.
So, probability that women with breast cancer will remain undiagnosed is 10/100 (1/10). However, this is true when test is used on time.
In second year, those ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gemfibrozil mechanism of action is ? | [
"HMG CoA reductase inhibitor",
"Activates lipoprotein lipase",
"Inhibitor of lipolysis",
"Bile acid sequestrant"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Activates lipoprotein lipase | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ormond's disease is - | [
"Idiopathic lymphadenopathy",
"Retractile testis",
"Idiopathic retroperitonial fibrosis",
"Idiopathic mediastinitis"
] | C | • Uncommon inflammatory condition characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneum
• The fibrosis is usually confined to the central and paravertebral spaces between the renal arteries and sacrum and tends to encase the aorta, IVC and ureters.
• The process usually begins at the level of the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common cause of sho stature is: | [
"Constitutional",
"Systemic diseases",
"Hypothyroidism",
"Growth hormone deficiency"
] | A | Physiological sho stature resulting from normal variants of growth is more common than pathological sho stature. Amongst the options provided constitutional delay is the only example of physiological sho stature and is hence the single option of choice. Ref: O P Ghai 6th Edition, Page 50 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nightmares are commonly associated with which of the following antiretroviral drugs? | [
"Indinavir",
"Zidovudine",
"Tenofovir",
"Eirenz"
] | D | Eirenz can be given once daily because of its long half-life (40-55 hours).The principal adverse effects of eirenz involve the central nervous system. Dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, nightmares, and headache tend to diminish with continued therapy; dosing at bedtime may also be helpful.Others: rash, | liver enzymes, h... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Test for varicose veins include | [
"Cough-impulse test",
"Trendelenburg test",
"Schwartz test",
"All of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glycerol test is done in - | [
"Otosclerosis",
"Lateral sinus thrombosis",
"Meniere's disease",
"None of the above"
] | C | Glycerol is a dehydrating agent. When given orally, it reduces endolymph pressure and causes improvement in hearing as evidenced by an improvement of 10 dB or 10% gain in discrimination score in Meniere’s disease patients. | train | med_mcqa | null |
which one is the trace element? | [
"Copper",
"sodium",
"calcium",
"Fats"
] | A | i) Microminerals (Trace elements)- less than 100mg/day a) Copper b) Iodine c) Iron d) Mangnese e) Selenium f) Zinc | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are causes of Osteoporosis, except- | [
"Thyrotoxicosis",
"Hypothyroidism",
"Chronic heparin therapy",
"Old age"
] | B | Causes of osteoporosis are : * Lifestyle factors * Risk increases with age * Genetic factors * Hypogonadal states * Endocrine disorders - premature ovarian failure, adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, central adiposity, Diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2), hyperparathyroidism, thyrotoxicosis. * Gastrointestinal di... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the diagnostic test for pancreatic insufficiency? | [
"Schilling test",
"Serum lipase",
"Serum amylase",
"Faecal fat estimation"
] | D | The gold standard test is an estimation of fecal fat. Serum amylase and lipase are elevated during acute attacks. Schilling test is done for cobalamine malabsorption.Ref: Harrison; 19th edition; Page no: 1938 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Medical adrenalectomy can be done by: September 2012 | [
"Vincristine",
"Vinblastine",
"Mitotane",
"Methotrexate"
] | C | Ans. C i.e. Mitotane | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pt. presented with renal cell carcinoma invadvin IVC and the renal vein. False statement is: | [
"Preop biopsy is not necessary",
"IVC involvement indicates inoperability",
"Pre op radiotherapy is not essential",
"Chest x-ray should be done to rule out pulmonary metastasis."
] | B | Answer is B (IVC involvement indicates inoperability): Extension of tumor into IVC does not indicate inoperability. 'Extension into renal vein or inferior vena cava does not preclude resection even if cardiopulmonary bypass is required. Half of these patients have prolonged survival' - Harrison | train | med_mcqa | null |
Metabolism of drugs is mostly done by which enzyme- | [
"Cytochrome C",
"Cytochrome P450",
"Glucronyl transferase",
"Acetylase"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome P450 o Biotransformation reactions (metabolism) of drugs can be classified :A. Non-synthetic (phase I) reactions# Metabolism brings about a change in the drug molecule by:1. Oxidation2. Reduction3. Hydrolysis4. Cyclization5. Decyclization# The new metabolite may retain biological activity o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Benzidine test is done to detect: PGI 07 | [
"Semen",
"Blood",
"Bile",
"Saliva"
] | B | Ans. Blood | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sluder's neuralgia includes all except: | [
"Neuralgic pain in the upper half of face",
"Rhinorrhea",
"Increased lacrimation",
"Nasal stuffiness"
] | A | Sluder's neuralgia is a variant of cluster headache with pain in lower half of face particularly the maxillary area with associated autonomic symptoms such as rhinorrhea, lacrimation, nasal stuffiness and ocular congestion. Its origin is from sphenopalatine ganglion. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following transmits 'Chagas' disease? | [
"Itch Mite",
"Lice",
"Reduviid bugs",
"Sand fleas"
] | C | Reduviid bugs live exclusively on blood of animals including humans and transmit Trypanosoma cruzi which causes Chagas' disease. Chapter: Environment and health Ref: Park 21st edition, page: 720. | train | med_mcqa | null |
13-year-old female child presented with recurrent sinusitis fever, ahralgia, respiratory distress, Hematuria and hypeension. Renal biopsy showed necrotizing granuloma. The anti proteinase-3 ANCA was positive. The most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Polyaeritis Nodosa",
"Wegener's granulomatosis",
"Microscopic polyangiitis",
"Churg-Strauss syndrome"
] | B | Respiratory & Renal involvement along with positive c-ANCA (Anti Proteinase 3) indicates Wegener's Granulomatosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Side effects of a drug arise due to the interactions of the drug to molecules other than the target. These effects of a drug can be minimized by its high ? | [
"Specificity",
"Affinity",
"Solubility",
"Hydrophobicity"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Specificity "The pharmocologist who produces a new drug and the doctor who gives it to a patient share the desire that it should possess a selective action, so that additional and unwanted adverse effects do not complicate the management of the patient" So side effects of drugs which arise due to inte... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most dietary deficiency of thiamine is the result of poor dietary intake. Thiamine requirement increases in excessive intake of: | [
"Carbohydrate",
"Amino acid",
"Fat",
"Lecithine"
] | A | Primary food sources for thiamine include yeast, organ meat, pork, legumes, beef, whole grains, and nuts. Milled rice and grains contain little thiamine, if any. Thiamine deficiency is therefore more common in cultures that rely heavily on a rice-based diet. Tea, coffee (regular and decaffeinated), raw fish, and shellf... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are parts of cognitive behaviour change technique except | [
"Pre-Contemplatation",
"Action",
"Consolidation",
"Contemplation"
] | C | 1: the act or process of consolidating: the state of being consolidated
2: the process of uniting: the quality or state of being united; specifically: the unification of two or more corporations by dissolution of existing ones and creation of a single new corporation
3: pathological alteration of lung tissue from an ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common hormone other than gastrin contained in the gastric secreting islet cell tumour is: | [
"ACTH",
"Glucagon",
"Melanocyte stimulating hormone",
"Growth hormone releasing factor"
] | A | Ans: aRef: Harrison, 14th ed, p. 1613 | train | med_mcqa | null |
IL-2 is secreted by - | [
"CD4 lymphocytes",
"CD8 cells",
"Macrophages",
"Neutrophils"
] | A | Option 1 IL-2 (Previously called T-cell growth factor) is a protein produced mainly by helper T 1 cells. It is a major T-cell growth factor. It stimulates both helper and cytotoxic T cells to grow. It also promotes the growth of B cells and can activate natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes. IL-2 acts on T cells in a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for intermediate uveitis is | [
"Atopine",
"Antibiotics",
"Topical steroids",
"Systemic steroids"
] | D | Treatment includes: 1. Coicosteroids administered systemically and as repeated periocular injections may be effective in some cases. 2. Immunosuppressive drugs may be helpful in steroid-resistant cases. 3. Peripheral cryotherapy is also repoed to be effective. with most forms of uveitis, coicosteroids are the mainstay ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Range of accommodation is the distance between | [
"Far point and near point of the eye",
"the eyes and the near point",
"The eyes and the far point",
"The retina and the near point"
] | A | Ans. Far point and near point of the eye | train | med_mcqa | null |
The condition listed below that would most likely pursue a benign course is | [
"Vaginal adenosis",
"Adenomyosis",
"Extramammary Paget's disease",
"Endometrial hyperplasia"
] | B | Adenomyosis is the presence of benign glands and stroma within the myometrium. It is a common cause of diffuse uterine enlargement and menstrual irregularities; however, it is not a precancerous lesion. Ref: Shaw&;s Textbook of Gynaecology; 16th edition; Chapter 30; Endometriosis and Adenomyosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is NOT used in scabies? | [
"Benzene hexachloride",
"Permethrin",
"Ciclopirox oleamine",
"Crotamiton"
] | C | Ans. (C) Ciclopirox oleamine(Ref: Neeta Khanna 1th/e p265; KDT 6th/e p863)Scabicides used in the t/t of scabies are:Permethrin (5%)Benzyl benzoate (25%)Gamma benzene hexachloride (BHC) (1%)Crotamiton (10%)Ivermectin | train | med_mcqa | null |
Police inquest is done in all except - | [
"Suicidal death",
"Homicidal death",
"Dowry death",
"Accidental death"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dowry deatho In dowry death, magistrate inquest is carried out.Police inquest (See 174 CrPC)o It is the commonest type of inquest in India. It is inferior to other types inquest. Police inquest is carried out by a police officer, not below the rank of head constable (usually a sub-inspector). Such pol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following nerve serve as an afferent nerve while eliciting cremasteric reflex? | [
"Genitofemoral nerve",
"Ilioinguinal nerve",
"Pudendal nerve",
"Tibial nerve"
] | B | Ilioinguinal nerve serves as the afferent nerve and genitofemoral nerve serve as efferent nerve while eliciting cremasteric reflex. Cremasteric reflex is elicited by stroking the skin on the upper inner aspect of the thigh. A positive response consists of a contraction of the cremasteric muscle with quick elevation of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Heimlich manoeuver is done to check: | [
"Patency of nasal tube",
"Cardiac function without pacemaker",
"Pulmonary function without hea lung machine",
"Peripheral circulation"
] | A | Hemlich manoeuver or abdominal thrusts are used to clear an obstructed airway in an adult or a child older than 1year who is choking. Person performing this manoeuver uses their hands to exe pressure on the bottom of the diaphragm. This compresses the lungs and exes pressure on any object lodged in the trachea and expe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Control of urea cycle involves the enzyme: | [
"Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase",
"Ornithine transcarbamoylase",
"Argininosuccinase",
"Arginase"
] | A | CPS-I reaction is the rate-limiting step in urea formation. It is irreversible and allosterically regulated.
Reference: Vasudevan 7th ed, pg 203 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the single most impoant parameter in semen analysis to assess chances of conception in an infeile male? | [
"Motility",
"Morphology",
"Volume",
"Sperm count"
] | B | Since we are to determine chances of future conception here in an infeile male, for assisted reproductive techniques the single most impoant requirement is a sperm with a normal morphology as even a single such sperm can be used to feilize an oocyte in ICSI. Without normal morphology, even multiple motile sperms would ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is sparingly used as a contraceptive because it causes : | [
"Cardio vascular complications",
"Lactational failure",
"Breast cancer",
"Irregular menstrual bleeding"
] | D | Irregular menstrual bleeding | train | med_mcqa | null |
The test having the fastest lab processing time for karyotype assessment is | [
"Amniocentesis",
"Cordocentesis",
"Chorionic villus sampling",
"Doppler flow ultrasound"
] | C | Amniocentesis, cordocentesis, cystic hygroma aspiration, and chorionic villus sampling are techniques for obtaining fetal tissues that are amenable to cytogenetic analysis.Amniotic fluid cells require tissue culture to obtain adequate cell numbers for analysis.Chorionic villi can be harvested directly for extremely rap... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about pilocytic astrocytoma all except aEUR' | [
"Long survival",
"Total surgical resection possible",
"Can involve posterior fossa",
"Median age at presentation is more than 80 years"
] | D | Median age at presentation is more than 80 years Astrocytomas Histologically astrocytomas are classified into ? a) Protoplasmic or fibrillary b) Gemistocytic (enlarged cells distended with hyaline and eosinophilic material) c) Pilocytic (consists of enlarged bipolar cells) d) Mixed astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma Astr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gerota's fascia is: | [
"Renal fascia",
"Fibrous capsule",
"Layer of perirenal fat",
"Layer of pararenal fat"
] | A | Ans. A: Renal fascia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic of blounts disease - | [
"Genu valgum",
"Genu varus",
"Coxa vara",
"Coxa valgus"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Genu varus Blount's disease (Infantile tibia vara)* Blount's disease is a rare growth disorder that affect children, causing the legs to bow outwards just below the knee. Tibia vara is caused by growth retardation of the medial and posterior part of the proximal tibial physis and epiphysis due to abno... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lomard's test is used to diagnosis ? | [
"Conductive hearing loss",
"Sensorineural hearing loss",
"Mixed hearing loss",
"Non-organic hearing loss"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Non-organic hearing loss | train | med_mcqa | null |
A laboratory technician was accidentally exposed to a HIV serum positive sample, which of the following shall be the role of zidovudine in treatment of this patient ? | [
"Protects against acquiring the HIV infection",
"Makes the patient seronegative",
"Delays the progression of disease",
"None"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5-year-old boy presents to the hospital with bleeding wound from bite of his pet dog which was fully vaccinated. He previously had completed anti rabies immunization on December 2018. What post exposure prophylaxis against rabies is recommended for the patient now? | [
"No ARV required",
"Single site 2 doses on day 0 and 3",
"Single site 4 doses on day 0, 3 7 and 28",
"Rig and 4 doses regime"
] | B | Ans. (B) Single site 2 doses on day 0 and 3(Refer: WHO vaccination 2018)As it is difficult to know whether the vaccinated dog is adequately seroconverted/protected against rabies. Hence, even in such individuals it is recommended to start the PEPThis case is classified under WHO- Category-III.Individuals with WHO categ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ectopic pregnancy is seen most commonly in: | [
"Previous H/O recurrent PID",
"Previous H/O aboion",
"Previous H/O twin pregnancy",
"Endometriosis"
] | A | The most common cause of ectopic is Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases(PID). | train | med_mcqa | null |
. A disease whose etiology is not known, the first step in the formation of hypothesis will be - | [
"Cross sectional study",
"Descriptive epidemiology",
"Case control study",
"Cohort study"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The % of coincidence between sore throat and acute rheumatic fever is - | [
"3%",
"5%",
"7%",
"9%"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 3% Only a small propoion of patients with streptococcal pharyngeal infection develops Rheumatic fever. Attack rate is less than 3% | train | med_mcqa | null |
Specific type of cells found in infectious mononucleosis: | [
"Downey cells.",
"Raquet cells.",
"Arbiskov cells.",
"None of the above."
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55-year-old post-menopausal woman, on hormone replacement therapy (H), presents with heaviness in both breasts. A screening mammogram reveals a high density speculated mass with a cluster of pleomorphic microcalcification and ipsilateral large axillary lymph nodes. The mass described here most likely represents - | [
"Carcinoma",
"Fibroadenoma",
"Lymphoma",
"Cystosarcoma phylloides"
] | A | H/O of hormone replacement therapy and characteristic features on mammogram confirm the diagnosis of Breast carcinoma Mammographic findings of high density, spiculated mass with clusters of pleomorphic micro calcification correlate with carcinoma breast. Note : In hormone replacement therapy estrogen is given and its u... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ammonia for the urea cycle is supplied by the action of the following enzymes? | [
"Aspaate aminotransferase",
"Glutamate dehydrogenase",
"Argininosuccinate synthase",
"Argininosuccinate lyase"
] | B | Glutamate dehydrogenase breaks down glutamate to form ammonia and ct-ketoglutarate. Aspaate aminotransferase transfers the amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate to form aspaate. Ammonia and aspaate both feed into the urea cycle to supply the nitrogen used to synthesize urea. Argininosuceinate synthase, argininosuc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
On fundoscopic examination of a patient of giant cell aeritis, who has had history of sudden & painless loss of vision two days back, the surgeon finds orange reflex. He also notices segmentation of blood column in vessels. These vessels are - & patient had suffered from- | [
"Retinal aeries & Central Retinal Aery occlusion",
"Retinal veins & CRAO",
"Retinal veins & CRVO",
"Retinal aeries & CRVO"
] | B | B. i.e. Retinal veins & CRAO | train | med_mcqa | null |
Residual volume of lung is defined as: March 2013 | [
"Additional volume of air that can be inspired forcefully after the end of normal inspiration",
"Volume of air breathed out of lungs in a single normal quiet respiration",
"Additional volume of air that can be expired forcefully after normal expiration",
"Volume of air remaining in lungs even after forced exp... | D | Ans. D i.e. Volume of air remaining in lungs even after forced expiration | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5 year old male child has multiple hyperprigmented macules over the trunk. On rubbing the lesion with the rounded end of a pen, he developed uicarial wheal, confined to the border of the lesion. The most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Lichen planus",
"Fixed drug eruption",
"Uicaria pigmentosa",
"Uicarial vasculitis"
] | C | Patient is showing features of uicaria pigmentosa. It is a condition caused by an increase in the number of dermal mast cells. Children presents with brownish dermal papules and plaques distributed over the body. On rubbing, these plaques become uicated (Darier's sign). Symptoms are due to the release of histamines. Re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
MEN-2A includes | [
"Ganglioneuromas",
"Cutaneous lichenoid amyloids",
"Parathyroid adenoma",
"Adrenal adenoma"
] | A | MEN 2A or Sipple's syndrome &. MEN 2B are associated with mutation in the RET protooncogene located in pericentromeric region of chromosome 10. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are alkylating agent except: | [
"Busulfan",
"Melphalan",
"Cladribine",
"Cyclophosphamide"
] | C | Ans. C. CladribineAlkylating agents are cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan melphalan, carmustine, lomustine. cladribine is antimetabolite. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Viral HIV integrase inhibitor is: | [
"Zidovudine",
"Maroviroc",
"Raltegravir",
"Enfuviide"
] | C | INTEGRASE INHIBITOR: RALTEGRAVIR: The HIV proviral DNA transcripted in the cytoplasm of host cell translocates to the nucleus along with an integrase enzyme. The HIV integrase nicks host chromosomal DNA and integrates the proviral DNA with it.Raltegravir is an orally active drug that blocks this step by inhibiting the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6-year-old boy does not show any interest in other children, ignores adults other than his parents. He spends hours lining up his toy cars or spinning their wheels. He rarely uses speech to communicate. He remains confined to himself. If his routine is disturbed, he becomes restless. Which of the following disorders ... | [
"Social phobia",
"Intellectual disability",
"ADHD",
"Autism"
] | D | Ans. D. AutismAutistic disorder is characterized by lack of interest in social interactions, severely impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, stereotyped behaviors, and a very restricted range of interests. Children with autism do not involve themselves in imaginative and imitative play and can spend hours lining ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
J-receptors which are responsible for rapid shallow breathing is located in | [
"Thoracic cage and lung",
"Carotid aery",
"Alveoli-capillary junction",
"Aoa"
] | C | Receptors in the airways and lungs are innervated by myelinated and unmyelinated vagal fibers. The unmyelinated fibers are C fibers. The receptors innervated by myelinated fibers are commonly divided into slowly adapting receptors and rapidly adapting receptors on the basis of whether sustained stimulation leads to pro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ECG of a patient shows >3 consecutive premature ventricular contractions (PVC) with a hea rate of less than 100 bpm. The diagnosis is? | [
"Sustained VT",
"Non-sustained VT",
"Accelerated idioventricular rhythm",
"Ventricular flutter"
] | C | > 3 consecutive premature ventricular contraction & HR is <100 bpm - AIVR (Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm) Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm/Slow ventricular tachycardia It is mc Reperfusion Arrhythmia Occurs during fibrinolytic therapy at the time of reperfusion. If H.R > 100/min - V. Tachycardia If H.R <100/min-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sub coical dementia is seen in all except | [
"Multiple sclerosis",
"Alzheimer's disease",
"Parkinson's disease",
"HIV related dementia"
] | B | People with these types of dementia usually have severe memory loss and can't remember words or understand language.Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are two forms of coical dementia.Subcoical dementias happen because of problems in the pas of the brain beneath the coex. Ref ganong's review of medical physiolog... | train | med_mcqa | null |
5-methylcytosine mutation of DNA (DNA methylation) leads to | [
"Deamination to thymine",
"DNA repair",
"Methylation protects the host DNA from cleavage by its own restriction enzyme",
"All of these"
] | D | DNA methylation is essential for enthralling a number of the cellular process including transcription, genomic imprinting, developmental regulation, mutagenesis, DNA repair and chromatin organization.
DNA methylation also protects DNA from bacteria's own restriction enzymes.
Deamination of 5-methylcytosine forms thymin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to myogenic theory of renal autoregulation, the afferent aerioles contract in response to stretch induced by | [
"NO",
"Noradrenalin",
"Opening of Ca2+ channels",
"Adenosine release"
] | C | Myogenic autoregulation - through opening of Calcium channels Tubuloglomerular feedback - through release of adenosine Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 678 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a selective shunt | [
"Proximal spenorenal shunt",
"Warren shunt",
"Side-to-side poocaval shunt",
"Mesocaval shunt"
] | B | Types of Poosystemic shunt Non-selective Dive all poal flow away from the lliver End - to- end or side - to-side anastomosis >11 mm Side-to-side shunts decompress varices and decompress the obstructed sinusoids, allete ascites Selective Only decompress the gastroesophageal and splenic segments Distal splenorenal shunt(... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 42-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with dyspnea. Imaging reveals severe mitral valve regurgitation. Which of the following structures prevents regurgitation of the mitral valve cusps into the left atrium during systole? | [
"Crista terminalis",
"Crista supraventricularis",
"Pectinate muscles",
"Chordae tendineae"
] | D | The chordae tendineae are fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to valve leaflets. The restraint provided by these cords on the valve leaflets prevents the prolapse of the mitral valve cusps into the left atrium. The crista terminalis is a ridge that runs from the opening of the inferior vena cava to the superio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ghon’s focus is found in | [
"Leprosy",
"Pulmonary tuberculosis",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Asbestosis"
] | B | Ghon’s focus
In primary tuberculosis when inhaled tubercule bacilli implanted in the distal air spaces of the lower part of an upper lobe or upper part of the lower lobe, close to the pleura. This area is about 1 to 1.5 cm with caseating necrosis known as Ghon’s focus.
Ghon’s focus is one of the components of Ghon’s c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of these is true regarding CML – | [
"Size of splenomegaly indicates prognosis",
"Phagocytic activity of WBC is reduced",
"Sudan black stain is specific for myeloblast",
"Myeloblast, granuloblast and lymphoblast become PH chromosome +ve, –ve following remission"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The relationship of the denture base that resists dislodgement of denture in horizontal direction is: | [
"Stability",
"Pressure",
"Support",
"Retention"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic of chronic eczema is | [
"Erythema",
"Induration",
"Lichenification",
"Edema"
] | C | In chronic eczematous conditions, lichenification (cutaneous hyperophy and accentuation of normal skin markings) may alter the characteristic appearance of eczema.Ref: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal Medicine; 19th edition; Chapter 71 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders; Pa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about visual testing in a child –a) Visual evoked potentialb) Teller's acuity card testc) Perimetryd) Keratometry | [
"ac",
"a",
"ad",
"ab"
] | D | The ordinary tests types cannot be used with young children who are easily distracted and may not know alphabets. So maturation of infant visual function has been studied by two techniques:-
Pattern visual evoked response/potential (VEP)
Preferential looking behaviour eg. Teller or Cardiff acuity card
Other tests i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 32-year-old male with a painless lymph node in the cervical region. Lymph node biopsy showed normal thyroid gland features. The thyroid is normal on palpation clinically. The diagnosis is | [
"Lateral aberrant thyroid",
"Follicular carcinoma thyroid with metastatic lymph nodes",
"Papillary carcinoma thyroid",
"Anaplastic carcinoma"
] | C | Thyroid tissue present in cervical lymph nodes in the face of a clinically normal thyroid gland is a metastasis from an occult primary thyroid carcinoma
Occasionally, a metastatic papillary thyroid cancer manifests as a painless lateral neck mass that is clinically detected before detecting the primary thyroid lesion.
... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chediak_higashi syndrome is due to defect in | [
"Opsonisation",
"Chemotaxis",
"LAD",
"Extracellular microbacterial killing"
] | B | Ref Walter and Israel 7/e p150 Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal ressive Condition in which polymorphs exhibit defective random movements , defective chemotaxis and impairee degranulation on phagocytosis paicles | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient is being evaluated for jaundice and liver fibrosis. His AST=87 IU/mL and ALT=81 IU/mL. His serological tests are given below. Which of the following is the next step in the diagnosis? IgM Anti- HbcAg Non- reactive IgG Anti- HbcAg Reactive HbsAg Non-Reactive HBeAg Non-Reactive Anti-HCV Reactive | [
"HBV DNA",
"Anti- HbsAg",
"HCV-RNA-PCR",
"Liver biopsy"
] | C | The serological status of this patient shows HCV infection since anti-HCV antibody is reactive. Hepatitis B surface antigen is negative and IgG Anti- HBcAg is reactive indicating remote infection with hepatitis B. Recovery is the rule in hepatitis B. In contrast hepatitis C results in development of cirrhosis. Even if ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about squamous cell carcinoma of skin except: | [
"It is called marjolin ulcer when develops in scar",
"Radiotherapy may be used in treatment",
"Hematogenous spread is common & occur early",
"May develop in chronic ulcer"
] | C | Answer- (C) Hematogenous spread is common & occur earlySCC is a malignant tumour of keratinising cells of the epidermis or its appendages.Also arises from the stratum basale of the epidermis.SCC is the second most common form of skin cancer.Usually affects the elderly.SCC is also associated with chronic inflammation.Wh... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the follow ing w as added to the Criminal Justice Act 2006 by the 2009 amendment? | [
"Directing criminal organization",
"Participating or contributing to organized crime",
"Commission of an offence for criminal organization",
"All the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ail of the above o Following sections were added to the Criminal Justice Act 2006 by the 2009 amendment -Directing criminal organization (Section 71).Participating or contributing to organized crime (Section 72).Commission of an offence for criminal organization (Section 73). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Atypical lymphocytosis is most likely to be found in which one of the following diseases? | [
"Encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)",
"Mononucleosis induced by Epstein-Barr virus",
"Parvovirus infection",
"Chronic hepatitis C"
] | B | Atypical lymphocytes are the hematologic hallmark of infectious mononucleosis with 90% or more of the circulating lymphocytes being atypical in some cases. These abnormal lymphocytes are not pathognomonic for infectious mononucleosis. They are also seen in other diseases, including cytomegalovirus infection, viral hepa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 36-year-old woman has become increasingly icteric for 1 month. She has had several bouts of colicky, midabdominal pain for 3 years. On physical examination, she has generalized jaundice with scleral icterus. Her BMI is 32. There is tenderness in the right upper quadrant, and the liver span is normal. A liver biopsy i... | [
"Alkaline phosphatase",
"Ammonia",
"Antimitochondrial antibody",
"Hepatitis C antibody"
] | A | The findings suggest obstructive jaundice from biliary tract disease (e.g., gallstones). Elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase level is characteristic of cholestasis from biliary obstruction. The alkaline phosphatase comes from the bile duct epithelium and hepatocyte canalicular membrane. The blood ammonia concen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Peripheral neuritis with characteristic ‘wrist drop’ or 'foot drop' is seen in: | [
"Lead poisoning",
"Mercury poisoning",
"Copper poisoning",
"Bismuth poisoning"
] | A | Lead intoxication is manifested by serious gastrointestinal disturbances which include nausea, vomiting, colic, and constipation. A peripheral neuritis also develops which may produce the characteristic wrist-drop or foot-drop.
Ref: Shafer's textbook of oral pathology 7th edition page 558 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Food poisoning in canned food is caused by? | [
"Staphylococcus",
"Salmonella",
"Clostridium botulinum",
"Bacillus cereus"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) Clostridium botulinumREF: Harrison s 18th ed chapter 141See APPENDIX-22 for "ACUTE INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA"The temperatures obtained in open kettle canning are not high enough to destroy all spoilage and food poisoning organisms that may be in the food.Food-borne botulism is caused by consumption of foods conta... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20-year-old female from Uttar Pradesh presents with nasal obstruction and crusting of nose. Examination revealed an infiltrating lesion involving the nasal vestibule and upper lip with broadening of nasal dorsum. Likely diagnosis is: | [
"Rhinosporidiosis",
"Rhinoscleroma",
"Fungal granuloma",
"Nasal diphtheria"
] | B | Rhinoscleroma is common in northern states of India. It is caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis - a capsulated gram-negative eoccobacillus. The lesion passes through catarrhal, granulomatous and cicatricial stages. Nose is the most frequent site involved. Lesion begins at the mucocutaneous region of nasal vestibule an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fixation is a concept related to | [
"Psychosocial stages of development",
"Psychosexual stages of development",
"Cognitive stages of development",
"Hierarchy of needs"
] | B | Fixation is concept introduced by Sigmund Freud, he explains this in his each stage of Psychosexual stages of development. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 157. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All statements are true about the eye of a newborn except – | [
"Optic nerve is myelinated only upto lamina cribrosa",
"Orbit is more divergent than adult",
"Apart from macular area the retina is fully differentiated",
"New born is usually myopic by –2 to –3D"
] | D | Newborn is usually hypermetropic by +2 to +3D (not myopic). | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the length of distal convoluted tubule in adults? | [
"2 mm",
"5 mm",
"8 mm",
"12 mm"
] | B | The distal convoluted tubule, which stas at the macula densa, is about 5 mm long. Its epithelium is lower than that of the proximal tubule, and although a few microvilli are present, there is no distinct brush border. The distal tubules coalesce to form collecting ducts that are about 20 mm long and pass through the re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6-year-old drowsy child came in emergency with history of vomiting, loose motion for 3 days. On examination he had sunken eyes, hypothermia, skin on pinching was taking 5 seconds to revert. What is your diagnosis? | [
"No dehydration",
"Mild dehydration",
"Some dehydration",
"Severe dehydration"
] | D | d. Severe dehydration(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1854-1874)In this case, sunken eyes and skin "goes back very slowly" (in 5 seconds) in a "lethargic" (drowsy) child, so it is a case of severe dehydration. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Efavirenz is used for treatment of HIV infections. It acts | [
"As protease inhibitor",
"As reverse transcriptase inhibitor",
"As integrase inhibitor",
"By inhibiting the HIV entry into the cell"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a feature of congenital rubella classical triad- | [
"Cataract",
"CHD",
"Deafness",
"Glaucoma"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Glaucoma Congenital rubella syndromeo Maternal viremia associated with rubella infection during pregnancy may result in infection of the placenta and fetus.o The most important factor in the pathogenicity of rubella virus for the fetus is gestational age at the time of infection. The earlier in pregna... | train | med_mcqa | null |
It is true of carcinoma of the urinary bladder thata) It usually occurs in childhoodb) Occurs more often in aniline dye workersc) It is located most frequently in the trigoned) Papillary formation is rare | [
"bc",
"c",
"ac",
"ad"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hormonal secretion are tightly controlled by the time of day due to an inbuilt biological clock in human body. This rhythmic secretion is controlled by: | [
"Supra optic nuclei",
"Postero lateral nucleus",
"Ventro-lateral nucleus",
"Supra-lateral nucleus"
] | D | - Suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus is said to be the link between external environment and body's biological clock/ circadian rhythm, - We see day & night, this image falls on retina |One set of fibers are sent to suprachiasmatic nucleus | superior cervical ganglionFibers are sent to pineal gland. |Pineal gland ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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