question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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A patient sustains a knife wound through the right fourth intercostals space, 2 cm to the right of the sternum. The area most likely penetrated by the knife is the | [
"Right upper lobe of the lung",
"Right middle lobe of the lung",
"Right lower lobe of the lung",
"Right atrium of the heart"
] | B | The right border of the heart is approximately 1 to 2 cm to the right of the right border of the sternum; therefore, the knife probably did not hit the heart. The middle lobe of the right lung extends from the level of the fourth costochondral junction to the level of the fifth intercostal space. The middle lobe is mos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardiac output decreases in all the following conditions except | [
"Sleep",
"Hea disease",
"Sitting from supine",
"Arrythmias"
] | A | Cardiac output = stroke volume x hea rateStroke volume depends on end diastolic volume. End-diastolic volume depends on several factors like venous return. Venous return is decreased in standing posture due to pooling of blood in lower extremities and is maximum in lying down position. EDV also depends on ventricular f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 75-year-old man develops acute confusion and drowsiness after a dental procedure. He has a history of severe chronic lung disease due to smoking. Earlier in the day, he had a tooth extraction and afterwards was given acetaminophen with codeine (Tylenol 3) for pain relief.For the above patient with new symptoms, selec... | [
"metabolic acidosis",
"metabolic alkalosis",
"respiratory acidosis",
"respiratory alkalosis"
] | C | Causes of acute respiratory acidosis include narcotic overdose, myasthenia gravis, airway obstruction, and trauma to the chest. Acute increases in PaCO2 result in carbon dioxide narcosis. This starts with somnolence and confusion and can lead to coma. Asterixis may be present. Cerebral vasodilation may result in frank ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which among the following is the best inotrope drug for use in right heart failure? | [
"Dobutamine",
"Digoxin",
"Dopamine",
"Milrinone"
] | D | Ans. (D) Milrinone(Ref: Goodman and Gilman, 11th/e p575, Harmon 17th/e p1455)Inotropic drugs are not used for treatment of right sided heart failure where the major treatment is diuretics and vasodilators. Milrinone being a phosphodiesterase inhibitor act as an inodilator. Thus, this is the only inotropic drug that sho... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following are the characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans EXCEPT | [
"Noncapsulated fungus infecting man",
"Causes meningitis",
"Melanin production related to virulence",
"Basidiomycetes yeast"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are alkaloids, except: BHU 10 | [
"Morphine",
"Physostigmine",
"Atropine",
"Abrine"
] | D | Ans. Abrine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Visual activity cut off for the referral to PHC is, | [
"<6/18",
"<6/6",
"<6/9",
"None of the above"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diwali poisoning is due to - | [
"Phosphorus",
"Arsenic",
"Mercury",
"Lead"
] | A | A > CMercury was leading cause of poisioning during mainly due to fire crackers like Pharoa's serpent (black tablet like fire cracker). Phosphorus was second leading cause of Diwali poisioning, but in recent times fire crackers like Pharoa's serpent have fallen in use, this has resulted in Phosphorus being leading of D... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Unilateral clubbing seen in -a) Samilial clubbingb) Pancoast tumorc) Pulmonary A-V fistula d) Aortic aneurysm (arch)e) Congenital cyanotic heart ds. | [
"bcd",
"acd",
"ac",
"bd"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nerve supply for adductor compartment of thigh is by | [
"Femoral nerve",
"Obturator nerve",
"Superior gluteal nerve",
"Inferior gluteal nerve"
] | B | (B) Obturator Nerve # OBTURATOR NERVE (L2, L3, L4) is the chief nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh.> It is a branch of the lumbar plexus.> It enters the thigh by passing through the obturator canal.> Anterior division of obturator nerve supplies the following muscles: Pectineus Adductor longus Gracilis Adduct... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with dengue haemorrhagic fever has got myalgia and spontaneous skin bleeds. Lab tests show thrombocytopenia and a raised hematocrit. What is the DHF grade of the disease in this patient? | [
"Grade I",
"Grade II",
"Grade III",
"Grade IV"
] | B | Grading of DHF is as per the severity of shock and bleeding. Grade I - Fever with nonspecific constitutional symptom.Here the only haemorrhage manifestation is a +ve tourniquet test. Grade II - Grade I + spontaneous bleeding/hemorrhagic manifestation. Thrombocytopenia and hemo concentration is present. Grade III - The ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Concentric hyperophy of hea is associated ? | [
"Systemic Hypeension",
"Mitral regurgitaion",
"Hyperophic cardiomyopathy",
"Mitral stensis"
] | A | Ans. is `a' i.e., Systemic hypeension | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 30-year-old lady C/O sudden onset of breathlessness, anxiety, palpitation and feeling of impending doom. Physical examination is normal. Diagnosis is: September 2012 | [
"Panic attack",
"Anxitey disorder",
"Conversion disorder",
"Acute psychosis"
] | A | Ans. A i.e. Panic attack | train | med_mcqa | null |
Angel dust is: NEET 13 | [
"Phencyclidine",
"LSD",
"Morphine",
"Cannabis"
] | A | Ans. Phencyclidine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tuning fork of 512 FPS is used to test the hearing because it is - | [
"Better heard",
"Better felt",
"Produces over tones",
"Not heard"
] | A | Tuning fork tests can be done with tuning forks of different frequencies like 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2018 and 4096 Hz but most commonly used is 512 Hz because
“Tests are done with various tuning forks, but 512 Hz is the most commonly used as it has longer tone decay and sound is quite distinct from ambient noise.”
Forks... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about right kidney is | [
"Right kidney is preferred over the left for transplantation",
"Rt. is lower than the left kidney",
"Right renal vein is shoer than the left",
"Right kidney is related to the duodenum"
] | A | Renal Transplantation Before the donation it is essential to perform imaging (usually MR angiography or CT angiography) to delineate the anatomy of the aerial supply to the kidneysQ. If the left kidney has a single renal aery (10% of kidneys have two or more aeries) it is usually chosen for transplantation because it h... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true regarding chloroquine, except ? | [
"Acts only on exo erythrocytic cycle",
"Acts on DNA and RNA of parasite",
"Causes pigmentation of nail and mucosa",
"Infected RBC has more drug"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acts only on exoerythrocytic cycle o It is a rabidly acting erythrocytic Schizontacide against all species of plasmodium. o It has no effect on pre and exoerythric stage. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Optimal timing of administration of prophylactic antibiotic for surgical patients is: | [
"At the induction of anesthesia",
"Any time during the surgical procedure",
"One hour after induction",
"One hour prior to induction of anesthesia"
] | A | IV administration at induction of anesthesia is optimal. If induction is not mentioned in the option go for 30 minutes to 1 hours before surgery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fastest method for diagnosis of TB - | [
"Gene expe",
"LJ medium",
"TB MGIT",
"BAC, IEC"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gene expe GeneXpe MTB/RIF The Xpe MTB/RIF detects DNA sequences specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance by polymerase chain reaction. It is based on the Cepheid GeneXpe system, a platform for rapid and simple-to-use nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). The Xpe MTB/RIF pur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40-year-old female patient presented with dysphagia to both liquids and solids and regurgitation for 3 months. The dysphagia was non-progressive. What is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"Caricnoma of the esophagus",
"Lower oesophageal mucosal ring",
"Achalasia cardia",
"Reflux esophagitis with esophageal stricture"
] | C | Dysphagia equal for both solids and liquids from the very onset of disease suggests motor disorder like
Achalasia
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Dysphagia more for solids than liquids implies mechanical obstruction
Ca esophagus
Strictures
Webs
Note that dysphagia in achalasia cardia is slowly progressive. But 'nonprogressiv... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In cases of severe head trauma, at what GCS is endotracheal intubation is advised | [
"<=3",
"<=8",
"10",
"12"
] | B | In cases of severe head trauma, where the patient is unconscious (a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 8 or less), then a definitive airway (such as endotracheal intubation) may be required- Bailey | train | med_mcqa | null |
Burnt rope smell is due to poisoning of - | [
"Cannabis",
"Chloralhydrate",
"Bhang",
"Charas"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cannabis Odors associated with poisoningo Garlik like : Phosphorus, arsenic, zinc phosphide, aluminium phosphide (celphos), arsine gas, tellurium, parathion, malathion, arsenic.o Rotten eggs : Hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans, disulphiram.o Fishy or musty : Zinc phosphide,o Bitter almonds : Cyanide, HCN.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Allopurinol specifically inhibits which enzyme? | [
"Xanthine oxidase",
"Arginase",
"Carbamoyl transferase",
"Urease"
] | A | ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY;7TH EDITION;KD TRIPATHI;PAGE NO 216 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not used in diagnosis of insulinoma - | [
"72 hours fasting blood glucose levels",
"C peptide levels",
"Insulin/glucose ratio",
"D-xylose test"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A technique of combining reversible and irreversible hydrocolloid that could bond to irreversible hydrocolloid is known as: | [
"Injecting technique",
"Laminate technique",
"Immersion technique",
"Tempering technique"
] | B | LAMINATE TECHNIQUE (ALGINATE-AGAR METHOD)
A modification of the traditional agar procedure is the combined agar-alginate technique. The agar in the tray is replaced with a mix of chilled alginate that bonds to the agar expressed from a syringe. The alginate gels by a chemical reaction, whereas the agar gels by means of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following amino acid contains free sulphydryl group - | [
"Cysteine",
"Methionine",
"Serine",
"Glycine"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cysteine o There are two sulfur containing amino acids :-i) Cysteineii) Methionineo The side chain of cysteine contains sulfhydryl group that has a pKa of approximately 8.4 for dissociation of its hydrogen sulfhydryl groups of two cystein molecules can form covalent disulfide bond to form cystineo Met... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest site of branchial cyst: September 2012 | [
"Lower 1/3rd of sternomastoid on anterior border",
"Lower 1/3rd of sternomastoid on posterior border",
"Upper 1/3rd of sternomastoid on anterior border",
"Upper 1/3rd of sternomastoid on posterior border"
] | C | Ans. C i.e. Upper 1/3rd of sternomastoid on anterior border Branchial cyst MC site: Upper pa of neck, Wall is made of: Lymphoid tissue | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are observed in acute inflammation, except | [
"Vasodilation",
"Stasis of blood",
"Increase in vascular permeability",
"Decreased in hydrostatic pressure"
] | D | Ref Robbins 7/e p50-51..9/e p73-74 The acute inflammatory response rapidly delivers leuko- cytes and plasma proteins to sites of injury. Once there, leukocytes clear the invaders and begin the process of digesting and getting rid of necrotic tissues. Acute inflammation has two major components (Fig. 2-2): * Vascular ch... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reaction of soluble antigen with antibody is known as - | [
"Agglutination",
"Precipitation",
"Flocculation",
"Complement fixation"
] | B | When a soluble antigen combines with its antibody in the presence of electrolytes at a suitable temperature and pH, the antigen-antibody complex form an insoluble precipitate. This is called precipitation reactions. Reference:Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 105 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glucose is linked to hemoglobin through | [
"N linkage",
"O linkage",
"C-C linkage",
"O-H linkage"
] | A | The glycated hemoglobins are together called HbA1 fraction.Out of this 80% molecules are HbA1c, where glucose is attached to the N -terminal valine of beta chain of hemoglobin. The rest of molecules are HbA1a1, where fructose 1,6-phospate and HbA1a2, where glucose-6-phosphate are attached. REF :DM VASUDEVAN TEXTBBOK ,7... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Limiting amino acids in wheat are: | [
"Methionine and lysine",
"Lysine and threonine",
"Threonine and methionine",
"Arginine and lysine"
] | B | Amino acids most deficient in proteins of a food item are 'Limiting amino acids'. Food Item Limiting Amino Acid(s) Cereals Threonine (& Lysine) Pulses Methionine (& Cysteine) Maize Tryptophan (& Lysine) - As wheat is a cereal, limiting AA are Lysine & threonine. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of glioblastoma multiforme is - | [
"CP angle",
"Frontal lobe",
"Brain stem",
"Occipital lobe"
] | B | Astrocytomas (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) are the most common type of gliomas. They occur predominantly in the cerebral hemispheres, and occasionally in the spinal cord. Pathologically, astrocytomas have been conventionally divided into 3 progressive histologic grades: fibrillary (most common), gemistocytic and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
DOC for chemotherapy induced vomiting is? | [
"Graneseteron",
"Prazosin",
"Clonidine",
"Diphenyhydramine"
] | A | Granisetron: Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Used as an antiemetic treating nausea & vomiting following chemotherapy & radiotherapy. Main effect: These drugs antagonize the 5HT3 receptor present in CTZ area which is stimulated on release of 5HT during cancer therapy. Prazosin is alpha blocker used in BPH. Clonidin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Complement attaches to immunoglobulin at ? | [
"Aminoterminal",
"Fab region",
"Variable region",
"Fc fragment"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fc fragment . Fc fragment is composed of the carboxyterminal. It determines the biological activity such as complement fixation, placental transfer, skin fixation and catabolic rate. CH-2 of Ig G and CH, of IgM bind to C1q poion of CI. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about Remelteon except - | [
"It acts on both MT 1 and MT2 receptors",
"Metabolized by CYP-450",
"It has a high addiction potential",
"Recently approved for insomnia"
] | C | It has high addiction potential Ramelton is an orally acting hypnotic drug for the treatment of chronic and transient amnesia. - Unlike other hypnotics it has no GABA or opiate receptor affinity. - If has the first novel mechanism developed in last 35 years of sleep research. Ramelton is an analogue of melatonin. - It ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about FOS phenytoin is: | [
"Used for generalised tonic clonic seizures",
"Produrg",
"Lipid soluble",
"Highly protein bound"
] | C | Lipid soluble | train | med_mcqa | null |
Emergency management of Ulcerative colitis is by | [
"Proctocolectomy",
"Right hemicolectomy",
"Left hemicolectomy",
"Total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy"
] | D | (D) Total Proctocolectomy with end ileostomy# OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS:> Emergent Operation:- In a patient with fulminant colitis or toxic megacolon, total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy, rather than total proctocolectomy, is recommended.> Although the rectum is invariably diseased, most patie... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following have receptors which are transcription factors, except: | [
"Insulin",
"Estrogen",
"Glucocoicoids",
"Vitamin D"
] | A | Insulin receptors themselves are Enzymatic proteins and not Transcription factors. Ref: K D Tripathi Textbook of Pharmacology, 5th Edition, Pages 45, 214; Ganong Review of Medical Physiology By Barrett, Pages 320-21; Cell Physiology Source Book By Nicholas Sperelakis, Pages 657-58 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Endemic typhus cause and vector is | [
"R. prowazki and louse",
"R. typhi and Rats",
"R. conori and tick",
"R. akari and mite"
] | B | Endemic Typhus Is also known as 'Flea borne typhus' or 'Murine Typhus' Causative agent : Rickettsia typhi (R.mooseri) Reservoir: Rats Mode of Transmission : Rat Flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis) - But not Through bite, rather through feces innoculation on skin or inhalation of dried infective faeces Incubation period : 1-2 we... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What are the findings in U/S, which suggests incompetent os : | [
"Cervical length",
"Funneling of amniotic sac",
"Internal os",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Cervical length; Internal os; and Funneling of amniotic sac Cervical incompetence : Cervical incompetence is characterised by painlessdeg cervical dilatation in the seconddeg or early third trimesterdeg with ballooning of the amniotic sac into the vaginadeg, followed by rupture of membranes and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the tissues putrefies late - | [
"Brain",
"Prostate",
"Liver",
"Stomach"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following statements regarding finasteride are true except | [
"It is used in the medical treatment of benign Prostatic hyperophy (BPH)",
"Impotence is well documented after its use",
"It blocks the conversion of dihydrotestosterone to testosterone",
"It is a 5 -alpha reductase inhibitor"
] | C | .Finasteride, is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia male pattern baldness. It is a 5a-reductase inhibitor; 5a-reductase, an enzyme, conves testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (option 3 its give otherway round) Adverse affects include increased risk for impotence, erectile dysfunction, decrease... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true about Cephalhematoma? | [
"Its size is maximum at bih",
"It resolves completely in 7-10 days",
"It is limited by periosteum",
"It is due to hemorrhage in the layers of scalp"
] | C | Cephalhematoma : subperiosteal hemorrhage, limited by periosteum. Take 24-48 hours to appear completely & 6-7 weeks to disappear | train | med_mcqa | null |
You are explaining the future risks for an IUGR baby to the parents of a neonate. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the future risks in an IUGR? | [
"They have a higher risk of developing hypeension",
"They have a higher risk of developing CAD",
"They have a higher risk of developing autoimmune thyroiditis",
"They have a higher risk of developing Left colon syndrome"
] | D | Left colonic syndrome is a self limiting temporary bowel obstruction which may be due to a large meconium plug. It can mimic Hirschsprung's disease in the neonatal period. It is more commonly seen large for gestational age babies. Note: IUGR babies are also at higher risk for developing non insulin dependent diabetes m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Compared to round PID, use of rectangular PID reduces the patient's skin surface exposed by: | [
"15%",
"30%",
"45%",
"60%"
] | D | There are several means to limit the size of the x-ray beam. First, a rectangular position-indicating device (PID) may be attached to the radiographic tube housing. Use of a rectangular PID having an exit opening of 3.5 cm × 4.4 cm (1.38 inches × 1.34 inches) reduces the area of the patient’s skin surface exposed by 60... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Monro Kellie doctrine used in? | [
"Aortic injury",
"Cervical injury",
"Head injury",
"Pelvic injury"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) Head injuryREF: Schwartz 9th ed chapter 42, Sabiston 18th ed chapter 20, 24Monro Kellie doctrine states that the cranial vault is a rigid structure, and therefore, the total volume of the contents determines ICR The three normal contents of the cranial vault are brain tissue, blood, and CSF. Hence pressure ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the major cytokine produced by TH2 helper Tcell | [
"IFN - γ",
"IL - 17",
"IL - 4",
"IL - 12"
] | C | IL - 4, 5, 6 are the major cytokines produced by TH2 helper TCell.
IFN - γ, IL - 12 is produced by TH 1 Cell. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Biodegrable waste products, disposing in which of the colour code of the bags - | [
"Blue",
"Black",
"Green",
"Yellow"
] | D | - human anatomical wastes including human tissues , organs and body pas comes under category no.1. - category no 1 wastes are discarded in yellow colour plastic bag. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 793,794 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best method to reduce radiation caries is application of | [
"0.5% neutral sodium fluoride gel",
"1% neutral sodium fluoride gel",
"0.5% stannous fluoride gel",
"1% stannous fluoride gel"
] | B | The best method to reduce radiation caries is daily application of a viscous topical 1% neutral sodium fluoride gel in custom-made applicator trays. The best results are achieved from a combination of restorative dental procedures, excellent oral hygiene, a diet restricted in cariogenic foods, and topical applications ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antidote for strychnine poisoning is: NEET 13 | [
"Fomepizole",
"Physotigmine",
"Barbiturates",
"Naloxone"
] | C | Ans. Barbiturates | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pinch purpura is seen in? | [
"Primary systemic amyloidosis",
"Vitamin C deficiency",
"Purpura fulminans'",
"Kawasaki disease"
] | A | Ans. (a) Primary systemic amyloidosis(Ref: Harrison 18th/chapter 112)Cutaneous lesions associated with primary systemic amyloidosis are often pink in color and translucent.Common locations are face, especially periorbital and perioral regions, and flexural areas.On biopsy, homogeneous deposits of amyloid are seen in th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diffuse mesothelioma is seen with – | [
"Asbestos",
"Arsenic",
"Tobacoo use",
"TB"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the treatment of choice for Erythrasma? | [
"Mupirocin ointment",
"Fusidic acid ointment",
"Azole cream",
"Terbinafine cream"
] | C | It is a superficial infection of the skin caused by C. minutissimum involving the toe clefts, groins, axillae and the intergluteal and submammary region. It responds well to most topically applied azole antifungal agents. For more extensive lesions, erythromycin is most effective. Note: Ecthyma is cause by streptococcu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trombiculid mite can transmit | [
"Indian tick typhus",
"Q. fever",
"Relapsing fever",
"Scrub typhus"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an RNA virus ? | [
"Ebola",
"Simian 40",
"Rabies",
"Vesicular stomatitis virus"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Simian 40 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gene involved in Cowden syndrome is | [
"P53",
"PTEN",
"RB",
"Ras"
] | B | (B) PTENo"Phosphatase and Tensin'' homolog (PTEN) - protein in humans encoded by the PTEN gene. Gene mutations promotes development of cancers.[?]Cowden's disease/Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome:-Part of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome-An autosomal dominant syndrome-Trichilemmomas - Numerous tumors of hair follicles in face-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Who proposed the germ theory of disease | [
"Leeuwenhoek",
"Robe Koch",
"Ambroise Parre",
"Louis Pasteur"
] | D | Germ theory of disease states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546, and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762. The observations and actions of Ignaz Semmelweis, Joseph Lister and John Snow would retrospectively be acknowledged as contributing... | train | med_mcqa | null |
After applying a statistical test, an investigator gets the `p value' as 0.01. It means that: | [
"The probability of finding a significant difference is 1%",
"The probability of declaring a significant difference, when there is truly no difference, is 1%",
"The difference is not significant 1% times and significant 99% times",
"The power of the test used is 99%"
] | C | The difference is not sigificant 1% times and significant 99% times [Ref Park, I8/e, p 650-6511 Repeat May 2005 While comapring two samples first we set up a hypothesis called Null hypothesis. Null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference betwee the two samples e.g. there is no difference between the e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
all are Steps used in Six-sigma except - | [
"Define",
"Analyze",
"Improve",
"Feed back"
] | D | Ans- "D" Feed backSix Sigma requires five steps for quality improvement?Define -+ Define the problem, clarify and relate it to the custmer. Who are the patient's, and what they want? What are the objectives?Measure - Measure your target metric and know your measure is good. What will improvement look line? On what data... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for NSAID induced gastric ulcer is: September 2008, March 2012 | [
"Miprinone",
"Misoprostol",
"Carboprost",
"Miazapine"
] | B | Ans.B: Misoprostol Misoprostol is a drug that is used for the prevention of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcers, for early aboion, to treat missed miscarriage, and to induce labor. Pharmacologically, misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin El (PGE1) analogue | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following causes pseudotumour cerebrii - | [
"Chronic subdural hematoma",
"Cerebellar tumours",
"Hypervitaminosis A",
"Cerebral hemangiomas"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following device conves radioactive emissions to light for detection? | [
"Geiger counter",
"Photographic film",
"Scintillation counter",
"Radiotracer"
] | C | Scintillation counter: It measures ionizing radiation. The sensor, called a scintillator, consists of a transparent crystal, usually phosphor, plastic, or organic liquid that fluoresces when struck by ionizing radiation. A sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT) measures the light from the crystal. The PMT is attached to ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Epithelial lining of the lingual surface of epiglottis? | [
"Simple columnar",
"Simple Cuboidal",
"Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar",
"Stratified squamous epithelium"
] | D | The epiglottis has two surfaces, a lingual and a laryngeal surface, related to the oral cavity and the larynx respectively. The entire lingual surface and the apical poion of the laryngeal surface (since it is vulnerable to abrasion due to its relation to the digestive tract) are covered by stratified squamous non-kera... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about PCOD : | [
"LH & FSH Ratio > 1:2",
"FSH & LH Ratio > 2:1",
"LH & FSH Ratio 1:1",
"Hyperinsulinemia"
] | D | In PCOD, LH:FSH ratio is increased (>2.1) Insulin resistance is seen. Refer to previous questions in this chapter | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ebstein’s anatomy is seen with intake of – | [
"Mercury",
"Copper",
"Lithium",
"Lead"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a characteristic of a point source epidemic? | [
"Herd immunity regulates spread of cases",
"Person to person transmission is seen",
"Secondary waves of cases is always seen",
"All cases develop within one incubation period"
] | D | .point source epidemics ,here the period of exposure is only brief,and simultaneous ,the resultant cases will develop within one incubation period of the disease.the curve has usually one peak.the epidemic curve rises and falls rapidly, with no secondary waves.and it tends to be explosive. ref:park's textbook,ed 22,pg ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lesion in which of the following structure leads to Kluver-Bucy syndrome: | [
"Amygdala",
"Hippocampus",
"Hypothalamus",
"Temporal lobe"
] | A | Answer is A (Amygdala): Features of K.B. syndrome (Experimented on animals) 1. Is not afraid of anything 2. Has extreme curiosity about everything 3. Forgets rapidly 4. Has tendency to place everything in its mouth and sometimes even tries to eat solid object 5. Often has a sex drive so strong that it attempts to copul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
One of the intestinal enzymes that is generally deficient in children following an attack of severe infectious enteritis is: | [
"Lactase",
"Trypsin",
"Lipase",
"Amylase"
] | A | Secondary lactose intolerence follows small bowel mucosal damage (celiac disease, infective diarrhea) and usually transient, improving with mucosal healing. Ref:Kligman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), Chapter 335, "Disorders of Malabsorption", In the book, "Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics", Volume 2, 18th Edition, Ne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A physician monitoring a newborn infant's hea sounds using a stethoscope hears the characteristic murmur of a patent ductus aeriosus. How soon after bih should this murmur normally disappear? | [
"1-2 months",
"1-2 weeks",
"1-2 days",
"Immediate closure"
] | D | Ductus aeriosus closure- Functionally-immediately after bih Structurally-1-3 months after bih The ductus aeriosus functionally closes immediatly (1-2 hours) after bih smooth muscle contraction of the tunica media. Before bih, the patency of the ductus aeriosus is controlled by the low oxygen content of the blood flowin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lymphnode metastasis commonest in .... Carcinoma thyriod | [
"Follicular",
"Papillary",
"Anaplastic",
"Medullary"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phantom limb is an example of disorder of: | [
"Thought",
"Perception",
"Cognition",
"None of the above"
] | B | Perception is defined as any information which is perceived through sensory organs In phantom limb, the patient feels sensations in the amputated limb which in reality is not present. Hence, it's a disorder of perception. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Flabby white lesions occur bilaterally on buccal mucosa
of a five-year-old child. The Lesions are a symptomatic
the child's mother says this condition is seen in few
other members of the family. The lesions are most likely: | [
"Leukoplakia",
"Lichen planus",
"Submucous fibrosis",
"White sponge nerves"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Botryomycosis is a ..................... disease | [
"Fungal",
"Bacterial",
"Viral",
"Parasitic"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Peripheral edema in CCF is due to- | [
"Increased hydrostatic pressure",
"Increased osmotic pressure",
"Decreased proteins",
"Decreased aldosterone"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ted Hydrostatic pressure o During heart failure as a result of cardiac pump dysfunction there is decrease in stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure and perfusion.o This is sensed bv carotid sinus receptors, aortic arch and renal afferent arterioles, as a result there is -Augmentation of sympath... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person has been brought in casualty with history of road accident. He had lost consciousness transiently and gained consciousness but again became unconscious. Most likely, he is having brain hemorrhage of | [
"Intracerebral",
"Subarachnoid",
"Subdural",
"Extradural"
] | D | Lucid interval' is a classical feature of extradural hemorrhage. Ref : Sabiston, 17/e p755 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Splenectomy is least useful in | [
"Congenital elliptocytosis",
"Thalasemia major",
"Congenital spherocytic anaemia",
"Hereditary nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vasodilation in acute inflammation is first shown by | [
"Venules",
"Arterioles",
"Capillaries",
"Vein"
] | B | Ans. (b) Arterioles(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 74; 8th/pg 47)Vasodilation first involves the arterioles and then leads to opening of new capillary beds in the area.The result is increased blood flow, which is the cause of heat and redness (erythema) at the site of inflammation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most sensitive imaging modality for the diagnosis of ureteric stones in a patient with acute colic? | [
"X-ray KUB region",
"Abdominal ultrasound",
"Non contrast CT scan of the abdomen",
"Contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen"
] | C | The most sensitive imaging modality for diagnosis of ureteric stones in a patient with acute colic is non contrast CT scan of abdomen. It has a sensitivity and specificity greater than 90%. Advantages of using it are: It avoids problems due to intravenous contrasts, allows diagnosis of non urological pathology. Disadva... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In new born, the aery used for palpation of pulse is ___________ | [
"Carotid",
"Brachial",
"Radial",
"Femoral"
] | B | Brachial pulse is used normally for palpating aerial pulses. In rare cases, femoral pulses are seen. Because femoral pulses are week Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Shower of golden rain appearance in synchisis scintillans is due to | [
"Calcium bodies",
"Cholesterol crystals",
"Iron deposition",
"Copper deposition"
] | B | Shower of golden rain is due to cholestrol crytals in vitreous cavity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6-year-old child is brought to the OPD with a history of mental retardation, failure to walk , failure to grow, seizures, hyperactivity, and tremors. On examination, there is microcephaly, fair hair, light skin color, and blue eyes. Which of the following enzyme is deficient in this child? | [
"Homogentisate dioxygenase",
"Tyrosinase",
"Fumaryl acetoacetate hydroxylase",
"Phenylalanine hydroxylase"
] | D | The given clinical manifestations point to the diagnosis of Phenylketonuria (PKU). Deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following diuretic causes maximum loss of potassium in urine: March 2010 | [
"Acetazolamide",
"Spironolactone",
"Ethacrynic acid",
"Furosemide"
] | A | Ans. A: Acetazolamide Actezolamide causes maximum loss of potassium and bicarbonate in the urine, whereas furosemide causes maximum loss of sodium and chloride in the urine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient presenting with marked loin pain, tenderness and pyrexia shows nonspecific findings on IVP but on US reveals a heterogeneous mass with posterior acoustic enhancement and central necrosis and internal debris. CT shows marginal enhancement with air densities within. The likely diagnosis is: | [
"Emphysematous pyelonephritis",
"Pyonephrosis",
"Renal abscess",
"Acute pyelonephritis"
] | C | Renal abscess Presence of air, rim enhancement on CT and posterio acoustic enhancement in a focal mass with acute clinical history is suggestive of an abscess. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best indicator to determine maximum benefit to the community through preventive intervention strategies is | [
"Relative risk",
"Attributable risk",
"Absolute risk",
"Odds ratio"
] | B | Attributable risk is the difference in the rate of a condition between an exposed population and an unexposed population. It is calculated in coho studies, where individuals are assembled on exposure status and followed over a period of time. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22 years adult presented with hernia and was repaired using cremesteric muscle flap, what type of hernia was it | [
"Femoral hernia",
"Indirect inguinal hernia",
"Direct inguinal hernia",
"Interparietal hernia"
] | B | i.e. (Indirect inguinal hernia): (971-83-Love & Bailey 25th) (725-CSDT 13th)A modification of Shouldice repair for Indirect inguinal hernias involve additional use of Cremasteric muscle, rather than incising it.For open hernia repair surgery, a single long incision is made in the groin. If the hernia is bulging out of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about erythema nodosum: | [
"Trunk is the most common site for these lesions",
"The initial lesion is red and later turns blue",
"It can occur in Sarcoidosis",
"The lesions are painful"
] | A | Erythema nodosum is characterized by tender, painful. erythematous. nodular eruption commonly over shin bone. Trunk is not affected commonly. On histopathology septal panniculitis is detected. Nodules never ulcerate, regress within 3-6 weeks to leave behind post inflammatory hypes pigmentation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are characteristic of I-cell disease except | [
"Coarse facial features",
"Corneal clouding",
"Failure to thrive",
"Buphthalmos"
] | D | Buphthalmos is not a feature of I- cell disease. It is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder Defect in N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase. Failure of the Golgi to phosphorylate mannose residues on glycoproteins It is characterized by the following: coarse facial features Gingival hyperplasia clouded corneas Re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ring sign with dilated bronchi on CXR is a feature of | [
"Asthma",
"Bronchiectasia",
"Bronchiolitis",
"Candidiasis"
] | B | (B) Bronchiectasis # RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES of BRONCHIECTASIS> Plain film: Chest x-rays are usually abnormal, but are inadequate in the diagnosis or quantification of bronchiectasis. Tram-track opacities are seen in cylindrical bronchiectasis, and air-fluid levels may be seen in cystic bronchiectasis.> Overall there app... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are given global prominence in the VISION 2020 goals, except | [
"Cataract",
"Refractive errors",
"Trachoma",
"Glaucoma"
] | D | Ref khurana 6/e | train | med_mcqa | null |
Both antibody dependent and independent complement pathway converge on which complement component? | [
"C3",
"C1q",
"C8",
"C1r"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Migratory thrombophlebitis is seen in | [
"Pancreatic cancer",
"Bladder cancer",
"Breast cancer",
"Liver cancer"
] | A | Malignancies associated with Migratory thrombophlebitis CA pancreas(MC) CA lung GI malignancies Prostate cancer Ovarian cancer Lymphoma Troesseau's syndrome : Migratory thrombophlebitis Ref: Robbins 9tu edition Pgno :332,126 | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 85-year-old hypertensive man is evaluated in the emergency department for recent onset epistaxis. His blood pressure is 150/80 mm Hg, and hematocrit is 39%. What is the most likely source of bleeding? | [
"Posterior nasal septum",
"Anterior nasal septum",
"Inferior turbinate",
"Middle turbinate"
] | A | Epistaxis in children and young adults usually arises from the anterior nasal septum (Kiessel bach's plexus). In elderly persons, however, spontaneous rupture of a sclerotic blood vessel in the posterior nasal septum is usually the cause of bleeding, especially in combination with hypertension. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most pronounced effect on the oral microflora of reduction in rate of salivary flow is a | [
"Significant increase in number of oral bacteria",
"Shift towards more acidogenic microflora",
"Significant decrease in number of oral bacteria",
"Shift towards more aerobic microflora"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is false about vitreous humor after death? | [
"Increased potassium",
"Decreased sodium",
"Decreased pyruvic acid",
"Raised glucose"
] | D | Ans: d (Raised glucose) Ref: Reddy, 27th ed, p. 155Level of glucose in vitreous humor after death decreases, it will not increase.Changes in virteous humor after deathIncrease in potassiumIncrease in lactic acidDecrease in sodiumDecrease in pyruvic acidThere is anaerobic glycolysis which leads to decrease in glucose an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cyanosis is caused by | [
"Reduced Hb above 7.5 g/dl",
"Met hb above 1.5 g/dl",
"Sulph. Hb above 0.5 g/dl",
"All of the above"
] | D | Cyanosis or blue discoloration of the mucous membrane is an index of hypoxia or decreased oxygen at the tissue level. It may occur in stagnant hypoxia, hypoxic hypoxia methemoglobinemia may be treated by reducing Fe by methylene blue. Severe anemic hypoxia <5 gm% can never result in cyanosis (reduced Hb >5 gm%) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Index measuring deprivation in basic dimensions of human development | [
"Human povey index",
"Human development index",
"Physical quality of life index",
"Development deprivation index"
] | A | The Human Povey Index (HPI) was considered to better reflect the extent of deprivation to the HDI. In 2010 it was supplanted by the UN&;s Multidimensional Povey Index. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is called balanced resuscitation? | [
"Giving colloids and crystalloids at a ratio of 1:1",
"Maintaining pH ensuring acid-base balance",
"Maintaining permissible hypotension to avoid bleeding",
"Maintaining airway, breathing and circulation"
] | C | ANS. CComponents of damage control resuscitation:1. Permissive hypotension essential definitive surgical control2. Minimize crystalloid use3. Initial use of 5% hypertoxic saline4. Early use of blood products5. Treat coagulopathy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following factor determines extent of wound caused by a bullet? | [
"Size",
"Weight",
"Velocity",
"Shape"
] | C | A bullet's ability to wound is directly related to its kinetic energy (E=mv2/2) at the moment of impact. Because kinetic energy increases in direct propoion to weight (mass) of the missile and the square of its velocity, a bullet travelling at twice the speed of a second bullet of equal weight and similar shape, posses... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following abnormalities are predisposing causes for torsion of the testis except - | [
"Inversion of testis",
"Low investment of tunica vaginalis",
"Between 10 to 25 years of age",
"Separation of the epididymis"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gomoris' aldehyde fuchsin specifically stains ? | [
"Alcian blue",
"PAS",
"Methylene blue",
"Geimsa stain"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' ie.e, InsulinGomori's aldehyde Fuschin stain used to demonstrate3 cells of pancreas o Storage form of thyrotropic hormone in beta cells of anterior pituitaryo Mast cells o Hypophyseal neurosecretory substanceo Elastic fibres o GranulesSulfated mucin | train | med_mcqa | null |
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