question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. This triad is known as; | [
"Charcot's triad",
"Saint's triad",
"Virchow triad",
"Renault's triad"
] | A | - Charcot's triad - abdominal pain + jaundice + fever. - Seen in Cholangitis. - For cholangitis to occur, the 2 essential factors are obstruction & infection. Predisposing factors for cholangitis: CBD stones (M.C) Stricture Cholangiocarcinoma Choledochal cyst Worms M.C organism responsible for CBD is E. coli > Klebsiel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Point B in treatment of Ca Cervix by radiotherapy corresponds to: | [
"Ohturator nodes",
"Mackenrodts ligament",
"Ischia] tuberosity",
"Round ligament"
] | A | Ans. Ohturator nodes | train | med_mcqa | null |
The nitrates which can undergo the first-pass metabolism: | [
"Nitroglycerine",
"Pentaerythritol tetranitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"All of the above"
] | D | Organic nitrates are lipid-soluble: well absorbed from buccal mucosa, intestines and skin. Ingested orally, all except isosorbide mononitrate undergo extensive and variable first pass metabolism in liver.They are rapidly denitrated by a glutathione reductase and a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogcnase.
Reference: Esse... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following study is used to study more than one possible outcomes - | [
"Cohort study",
"Case control study",
"Cross sectional study",
"Case reports"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cohort study * Cohort study can yield information about more than one disease outcome. Main differences between case control and cohort studies Case control studyCohort study1.Proceeds from "effect to cause".Proceeds from "cause to effect"2.Starts with the disease.Starts with people exposed to risk fa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A simple bacterial test for mutagenic carcinogens is -a) Ames testb) Redox testc) Bacteriophaged) Gene splicing | [
"ab",
"a",
"ad",
"bc"
] | B | 'Ames test is a simple test developed by Bruce Ames that measures the potential of a given chemical compound to promote mutations in a specialized bacterial strain (mutagenic carcinogenesis)'- Lehninger 4th/e p. 967 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are used in treatment of amoebic liver abscess Except | [
"Diloxanide furoate",
"Choloquine",
"Metronidazole",
"Emetine"
] | A | Drugs for amoebic liver abscess * Tab. Metronidazole 800 mg tid or inj. metronidazole 500 mg IV tid for 10 days. IV or oral antibiotics are essential to control secondary infection (cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin). (Small abscesses < 3 cm respond to drugs). * Other drugs: 1. Injection dihydroemetine 1.5 mg/kg/d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A male 45 year old presents to the clinic for general routine checkup. The patient is hypertensive and diabetic and is on medication. General examination reveals RBS levels 180 mg/dl and elevated levels of HDL. Which of the following is not true regarding the lipoprotein levels of the patient? | [
"Directly related to the incidence of atherosclerosis",
"Varies reciprocally with plasma triacylglycerol concentrations",
"Varies directly with the activity of lipoprotein lipase",
"It is rich in cholesterol, and its sole apolipoprotein is apo E"
] | A | HDL concentrations vary reciprocally with plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and directly with the activity of lipoprotein lipase. This may be due to surplus surface constituents, eg, phospholipid and apo A-I, being released during hydrolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL and contributing toward the formation of preβ-HDL... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pineal gland forms | [
"Floor of third ventricle",
"Anterior wall of third ventricle",
"Posterior wall of third ventricle",
"Roof of third ventricle"
] | C | Anterior wall :Anterior column of fornixAnterior commissureLamina terminalisPosterior wall:Pineal glandPosterior commissureCommencement of cerebral aqueduct.Roof: ependymaFloor:Optic chiasmaTuber cinereumMamillary bodiesPosterior perforated substanceTegmentum of midbrainLateral wall:ThalamusHypothalamusRef: Vishram Sin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year-old male known case of myasthenia with erythema shallow erosions with few blisters and scales. Oral mucosa is not involved immunopathology demonstrates IgG deposition on keratinocytes and autoantibodies against Dsg – 1. The diagnosis is – | [
"Pemphigus vulgaris",
"Bullous pemphigoid",
"Pemphigus foliaceous",
"Dermatitis herpetiformis"
] | C | In this question :-
Association with mysthenia gravis
Shallow erosions with few blisters
No involvement of oral mucosa
IgG against desmoglein 1 All suggests pemphigous foliaceous :-
All suggests pemphigous foliaceous:-
i) P. foliaceous is the most common variant of pemphigus which is associated with paraneoplasti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What overlies the lateral wall of the mastoid antrum? | [
"Tegmen tympani",
"Mastoid process",
"Tympanic plate",
"Suprameatal triangle"
] | D | BOUNDARIES: SUPERIORLY-Tegmen tympani and beyond it the temporal lobe of the cerebrum INFERIORLY-Mastoid process containing the mastoid air cells ANTERIORLY-It communicates with the epitympanic recess through the aditus. The aditus is related medially to the ampullae of the superior and lateral semicircular canals. and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of choice for Pars planitis (Intermediateuveitis) - | [
"Pilocarpine",
"Corticosteroid",
"b-blocker",
"NSAIDs"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Corticosteroids Drugs used in acute anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis)o Topical steroids (Drugs of choice)o Mydriatic - cycloplegics: Atropine (Drug of 2nd choice), Homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide, mydricain (mixture of atropine, adrenaline & procaine)o Systemic steroidso NS AIDso Systemic immu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The nucleus involved in Papez circuit is | [
"Pulvinar",
"Intralaminar",
"VPL nucleus",
"Anterior nucleus of Thalamus"
] | D | The Papez circuit refers to a closed circuit formed by connections between the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, mammillary bodies and anterior nucleus of thalamus. This circuit is responsible for resting EEG and for those emotions and aspects of behavior that are related to preservation of the individual and speciesref: g... | train | med_mcqa | null |
For traumatic paraplegia investigation of choice is: | [
"MRI For traumatic paraplegia investigation of choice is:",
"CT scan",
"X-ray",
"USG"
] | A | Ans. MRI | train | med_mcqa | null |
Index finger infection spreads to ? | [
"Thenar space",
"Mid palmar space",
"Hypothenar space",
"Flexion space"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thenar space | train | med_mcqa | null |
After death, Livor mois is caused because of: March 2008 | [
"Muscle of the body began to relax",
"Muscle of the body began to stiffen",
"Discolouration as a result of capillo-venous distension in the dependent pas of the body",
"Putrefaction of the body tissues"
] | C | Ans. C: Discolouration as a result of capillo-venous distension in the dependent pas of the body Postmoem lividity/hypostasis/livor mois is a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) poion of the body, causing a purplish red discoloration of the skin: when the hea is no longer agitating the blood, heavy red blood... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a patient with mild hemophilia levels of clotting factor (antihemophilic factor) would be above | [
"5%",
"10%",
"30%",
"Any of the above"
] | A | Ans. a (5%) (Ref. Nelson paediatrics 18th ed., p. 2068)HEMOPHILIA# Life-threatening hemorrhages require replacement therapy to achieve normal plasma level (100 IU/dL, or 100%).# Patients with mild hemophilia who have factor VIII or factor IX levels of >5 IU/dL usually do not have spontaneous hemorrhages. These individu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Complex polysaccharides are converted to glucose and absorbed by the help of: | [
"Na+k+ATPase",
"Sucrase",
"Enterokinase",
"Carboxypeptidase"
] | B | Ans: b (Sucrase) Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed, p.Sucrase or invert sugar converts sucrose (which is a complex polysaccharide) into 1 molecule of glucose and 1 molecule of fructose.Na+k+ ATPase is a membrane protein.Enterokinase is a brush border enzyme in intestinal mucosa which will activate trypsinogen to trypsin.Proteolyt... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An induction agent of choice for poor-risk patients with cardiorespiratory disease as well as in situations where preservation of a normal blood pressure is crucial:- | [
"Thiopentone",
"Propofol",
"Etomidate",
"Ketamine"
] | C | Etomidate causes minimal cardiorespiratory depression even in the presence of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Etomidate is the mostcardiac stableintravenous agent due to its lack of effect on the sympathetic nervous system and on the function of the baroreceptor. The myocardial oxygen supply-to-demand ratio is we... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest type of cong. cyanotic hea disease is - | [
"ASD",
"SD",
"TOF",
"PDA"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., TOF Tetralogy of fallot is the commonest cyanotic congenital hea disease. Cyanotic Congenitial hea diseases o Cyanotic CHDs are Right to Left shunts. o These are fuher divided into : ? 1) Cyanotic CHD with decreased pulmonary blood flow. This group includes TOF, Pulmonary atresia with intact septum, t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cadaver like position of vocal cords is seen in | [
"Both superior laryngeal nerve palsy",
"Both recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy",
"Both external laryngeal nerve palsy",
"Both internal laryngeal nerve palsy"
] | B | Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve paralysis:If both recurrent laryngeal nerves are interrupted, the vocal cords lie in a cadaveric position in between abduction and adduction and phonation is completely lost.When only one recurrent laryngeal nerve is affected, the opposite vocal cord compensates for it and phonation is possibl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anion gap means | [
"Gap in anion molecule",
"Difference between high and normal anion gap acidosis",
"Unmeasured ions",
"Primary deficit of anions"
] | C | i. The sum of cations and anions in ECF is always equal, so as to maintain the electrical neutrality. Sodium and potassium together account for 95% of the cations whereas chloride and bicarbonate account for only 86% of the anions. Only these electrolytes are commonly measured.ii. Hence, there is always a difference be... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A mother brings her 9 month old child for vaccination. Which of the following statements is false regarding immunization of Japanese encephalitis? | [
"The strain used for live vaccine is JE strain SA 14-14-2",
"2 doses are recommended at age 9 months and 18 months",
"The live attenuatued vaccine can be given to adolescents",
"Live vaccine SA 14-14-2 is administered intramuscularly"
] | D | SA 14-14-2 strain of JE vaccine is administered subcutaneously, while JENVAC (JEV strain - 82156-XY) is administered intramuscularly. Types of JE Vaccines: Live attenuated cell culture derived SA 14-14-2: Two doses are given subcutaneously at age 9 mon and 16-18 months but can be used in adolescents and non-immune adul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about p53 is- | [
"It is present on chromosomes 17",
"It causes cell cylce arrest in G1",
"53 KDa",
"Non mutated wild p53 is associated with neoplasm in childhood"
] | D | p53 is the protein produced by TP53, guardian of human genome. It stimulates cells for DNA repair and in anti onco genic.Basic Pathology, Robbins. Page no.:185 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common fungal infection in febrile neutropenia | [
"Aspergillus Niger",
"Candida albicans",
"Aspergillus fumigatus",
"Mucormycosis"
] | B | Most common fungal infection in Febrile Neutropenia / Immunocompromised state is Candidiasis Most likely the infection is caused by candida albicans which is the most pathogenic strain of candida | train | med_mcqa | null |
Turn-buckle cast is used for - | [
"Fracture shaft humerus",
"Fracture shaft femur",
"Scoliosis",
"Cervical spine injury"
] | C | Turn- buckle cast and Risser&;s cast are used in case of SCOLIOSIS. Minerva cast- cervical spine disease. U-slab or hanging cast- fracture of humerus. Hip spica - fracture of femur. REF:Essential ohopaedics- Maheshwari-5 th edn- pg no 17. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 27-year-old man presents to a dermatologist because his skin has become chronically itchy. He has also been experiencing chronic, progressive fatigue. On physical examination, no specific skin lesions are seen, but the patient is noted to be mildly jaundiced. Serum chemistry tests demonstrate elevated serum alkaline ... | [
"Ascending cholangitis",
"Bile duct tumor",
"Primary biliary sclerosis",
"Primary sclerosing cholangitis"
] | D | This presentation is typical for primary sclerosing cholangitis, which is an inflammatory disease that affects the bile duct system, most often in young men. Most of the findings are fairly nonspecific, but the characteristic cholangiographic picture illustrated is the clue that gives the diagnosis, and will probably b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are features of renal tubular acidosis type I except- | [
"Stone in kidney",
"No anion gap",
"Hypokalemia",
"Fanconi syndrome"
] | D | Type1A-classical distal A include- hypoklaemia non-anion gap metabolic acidosis , low urine ammonium excretion, high urine PH. Most of them also have hypocitrauria, hypercalciuria, so nephrolithiasis nephrocalcinosis and bone disease are common. Type2A-proximal A( FANCONI SYNDROME) -generalized proximal tubular dysfunc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Earliest and often the only presentation of TB kidney is: | [
"Increased frequency",
"Pain",
"Hematuria",
"Renal calculi"
] | A | Clinical Features Earliest symptom is urinary frequency. Tuberculosis of genital tract should be considered in the presence of following situations Chronic cystitis that refuses to respond to adequate treatment Sterile pyuria, gross or microscopic hematuria. Non- tender enlarged epididymis with beaded or thickened vas.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sukhia Rani, a 16-year old girl who has non-pitting edema of recent onset affecting her right leg but no other symptoms is referred for evaluation. Which of the following statement is true regarding this patient? | [
"Prophylactic antibiotics are indicated",
"A lymphagiongram will show hypoplasia of the lymphatics",
"Elastic stocking and diuretics will lead to a normal appearance of the limb",
"A variety of operations will ultimately lead to a normal appearance of the limb"
] | B | The girl in the question suffering from non pitting edema in the lower limb is suffering from Lymphedema praecox. Lymphangiogram in this girl will show hypoplasia of the lymphatics. Lymphedema precox is the most common form of primary lymphedema. It is more common in women, than men occurring in a ratio of 10:1. It has... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is not associated with diabetes in pregnancy ? | [
"Sacral agenesis of the fetus",
"Advanced placental grading",
"Baby weight > 3.5 kg",
"Hydramnios"
] | B | Advanced placental grading | train | med_mcqa | null |
Scoring of palatal bar is | [
"Limited to the area of soft displaced tissue",
"To increase the rigidity of the connector",
"Done on the entire posterior border of the bar",
"Done on the entire anterior border of the bar"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient operated for lower segment uterine fibroid had an uneventful surgery. Post operatively the urine output staed to decrease, upto 20 ml/hr. Rapid IV fluid infusions were given with injlasix and output increased to 70 ml/hr. Urine was clear. Patient complained of flank pain which was gradually progressing. Most ... | [
"Acute renal failure",
"Unilateral uretric injury",
"Bladder injury",
"Haemorrhage"
] | B | Decreased urine post operatively and flank pain point towards uretric injury. Here flank pain usually suggests that ureter has been ligated and is causing proximal hydrouretronephrosis. Increase in urine output with fluid and Lasix is due to increased urine production and excretion from the normal ureter. Bladder injur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Albumin is impoant factor in maintaining osmotic pressure, has: | [
"Low molecular weight and high blood concentration",
"Low molecular weight and low blood concentration",
"High molecular weight and low blood concentration",
"High molecular weight and high blood concentration."
] | A | A i.e. Low molecular weight and high blood concentration Osmotic pressure is determined by the number of paicles in solution and not by the mass of the paicle, that means 1 gm of a heavy molecular weight protein will contain a lesser no. of paicles than 1 gm of a light molecular weight protein, & conse uentiv will have... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Screening for nephropathy in prepubeal children with type 1 DM should be initiated after how many years of disease onset? | [
"2 years",
"3 years",
"4 years",
"5 years"
] | D | Annual screening of Nephropathy is considered in: Prepubeal - with duration of DM > 5yrs from onset Pubeal - with duration of DM > 2yrs from diagnosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
The primary difference between MTA and Portland cement is that, MTA: | [
"Lacks K",
"Lacks Al",
"Lacks Mg",
"Lacks Fe"
] | A | The primary difference between both types of MTA and Portland cement are a lack of potassium and presence of bismuth oxide.
White MTA contains lower amount of Fe, Al and Mg than grey MTA. | train | med_mcqa | null |
NOT true about Berry aneurysms: AP 08 | [
"Rupture leading to SAH",
"Most common in posterior circulation",
"Developmental anomaly",
"Common in anterior circulation"
] | B | Ans. Most common in posterior circulation | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35-year-old nonsmoking male has been diagnosed with emphysema. His father died of emphysema at age 30, but he smoked. His father also had cirrhosis and recurrent pancreatitis but did not drink alcohol. Which one of the following inheritance patterns typifies this disease process? | [
"Autosomal dominant",
"Incomplete dominance",
"Codominant",
"Autosomal recessive"
] | C | a-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is a codominant process. Codominance means that multiple versions of the gene may be active or expressed, and the genetic trait is caused by the effects of both the expressed alleles. The SERPINA1 gene on chromosome 14 codes for A1AT, which is a protein that protects tissues (especiall... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient after having a fracture of middle cranial fossa complains of loss of tear secretion. This is due to the injury to | [
"Trigeminal nerve",
"Stellate ganglion",
"Greater petrosal nerve",
"Ciliary ganglion"
] | C | Greater petrosal nerve arises from the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve, enters the middle cranial fossa by emerging at the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve on the anterior surface of the petrous temporal bone. It joins the deep petrosal nerve and forms the nerve of the pterygoid canal which reaches the pte... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 62-year-old woman is rushed to the emergency room following an automobile accident. She has suffered internal injuries and massive bleeding and appears to be in a state of profound shock. Her temperature is 37degC (98.6degF), respirations are 42 per minute and blood pressure is 80/40 mm Hg. Physical examination shows... | [
"Acute bronchiolitis",
"Alveolar proteinosis",
"Atelectasis",
"Diffuse alveolar damage"
] | D | Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) refers to a non specific pattern of reaction to injury of alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells from a variety of acute insults. The clinical counterpa of severe DAD is acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this disorder, a patient with apparently normal lungs sustains pulmonary dama... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Baroreceptor stimulation produces | [
"Decreased hea rate & BP",
"Increased hea rate & BP",
"Increased cardiac contractility",
"Decreased cardiac contractility"
] | A | Baroreceptor reflex stimulates the vagus nerves causes release of acetylcholine at the vagal endings in the hea, thus giving a parasympathetic effect.Ref: Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 13th edition. Page:155 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does not describe a "high risk" infant? | [
"Third baby",
"Birth weight less than 2.5 kg",
"Premature neonate",
"Twins"
] | A | a. Third baby(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 819)Factors that define an infant as being 'high risk':Demographic social factorsPrevious pregnancyPresent pregnancyMaternal age <16 or >40 yrIntrauterine fetal demiseVaginal bleeding (abruptio, placenta previa)Illicit drug, alcohol, cigarette useNeonatal deathSexually transmitted ds ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Monoamniotic monochorionic twins are formed when division occurs: (Repeat) | [
"<2 days",
"2-8 days",
">8 days",
">2 weeks"
] | C | Ans: C (>8 days) Ref: Dutta Textbook of Obstetrics 5th ed pg 200 Explanation: Dizygotic Twins 80% (fraternal, binocular) fertilization of 2 ova by 2 sperms during single ovarian cycle Monozygotic twins 20% (identical, uniovular) Twinning may occur at different periods after Fertilisation Division within 72 hrs --Diamni... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lesion not seen in Lepromatous leprosy is:- | [
"Macule",
"Papule",
"Nodule",
"Vesicle"
] | D | Lepromatous leprosy The first clinical manifestations are usually dermal (because early nerve involvement is usually asymptomatic) Leonine facies occur due to diffuse involvement of the facial skin Early symptoms Nasal symptoms of stuffiness, discharge and epistaxis, and oedema of legs and ankles due to increased capil... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, the oral lesions are | [
"Ulcerations of oral mucosa",
"Sebaceous glands of oral mucosa",
"Silver pigmentation of oral mucosa",
"None of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about G protein receptor is | [
"Intracellular and signal to heterotrimeric protein",
"Intracellular and signal to small protein",
"Cell membrane and signal to heterotrimeric protein",
"Cell membrane and signal to small protein"
] | D | G protein receptor also called seven transmembrane receptor is locatelsmd in cell membrane and open stimulations transmits signal to G protein Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:534,535,536 | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the best prognostic marker of CA penis: | [
"age <40 yrs",
"lesion size < 2 cm",
"previous circumcision",
"absent inguinal LN metastasis"
] | D | The most important prognostic and treatment-related factor in penile ca is the presence and degree of nodal disease. Smith's Urology writes — "Survival in penile carcinoma correlates with the presence or absence of nodal disease.
Five-year survival rates for patients with node-negative disease range from 65% to 90%. Fo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year-old female has a solitary gall stone 1.5 cm in size which was incidentally diagnosed by ultrasound. She has no symptom. What should be the best line of management? | [
"Cholecystectomy only, if she develops biliary colic",
"Lap cholecystectomy immediately",
"Lap cholecystectomy even if she is asymptomatic after 2 months",
"Open cholecystectomy even if she is asymptomatic after 2 months"
] | A | Cholecystectomy only if she develops biliary colic * Symptomatic gallstones are the main indication for cholecystectomy. * Absolute contraindications for the procedure are uncontrolled coagulopathy and end-stage liver disease. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Point B in treatment of Ca Cervix by radiotherapy corresponds to - | [
"Obturator nodes",
"Machenrodt's ligament",
"Ischial tuberosity",
"Round ligament"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Surgical excision is contraindicated in - | [
"Olecranon process",
"Patella",
"Head of radius",
"Lateral condyle humerus"
] | D | Lateral condyle of the humerus is never excised.
Excision is used in the treatment of fracture of the radial head, patella and olecranon, for specific indications. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hyperinflation of lung in CXR is seen in? | [
"CCF",
"Congenital lobar emphysema",
"Diaphragmatic hernia",
"Foreign body"
] | B | B i.e. Congenital lobar emphysema Hyperansradiant (Radiolucent) lung on CXR is seen in EmphysemaQ - Pulmonary embolism - Pneumothorax - Polland's syndrome - Patient rotation - Macleod syndrome | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not included in AIDS related complex? | [
"Ectopic pregnancy",
"Recurrent genital candidiasis",
"Generalised lymphadenopathy",
"Chronic diarrhea"
] | A | HIV symptoms: AIDS related complex (ARC) It belongs to class B of HIV symptoms. The patients at this stage have various diseases that occur because the HI virus has weakened the immune system. The following HIV signs may have patients with ARC: * Long-lasting diarrhea (over four weeks) * Unintended heavy weight loss * ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a biovar of diphtheria | [
"Gravis",
"Intermedius",
"Belfanti",
"Meningitidis"
] | D | Mcleod classification of Corynebacterium:FeaturesC.gravisC.intermediusC.mitisColony on tellurite blood agar Daisy head colovy Frog's egg colony Poached egg colony Hemolysis Variable Non hemolytic Hemolytic Glycogen & starch fermentation Positive Negative Negative Complication Paralytic & Hemorrhagic Hemorrhagic Obstruc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are increased in rheumatoid arthritis, except | [
"ESR levels",
"Rheumatoid factor",
"Anti-CCP Antibodies",
"Synovial fluid viscosity"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are risk factors for depression except | [
"Middle aged female",
"Hypothyroidism",
"Age above 70yrs either sex",
"18yrs old teenager"
] | D | Depression is common among middle-aged women, elderly and who are divorced or separated with disturbed personal family history. Here the better option is 18yr old teenager Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 604-607 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adverse effects that limit the use of adrenoceptor blockers include: | [
"Bronchoconstriction from α blocking agents",
"Heart failure exacerbation from β blockers",
"Impaired blood sugar response with α blockers",
"Increased intraocular pressure with β blockers"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Common complication of acute & chronic pancreatitis - | [
"Portalvein thrombosis",
"Pancreatic abscess",
"Pseudocyst",
"Pancreatic head mass"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pseudocyst " Pseudocysts occur in up to 10% of patients with acute pancreatitis, and in 20 to 38% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and thus, they comprise the most common complication of chronic pancreatitis ",-- Schwartz 9/e pi200Pancreatic Pseudocysto Pancreatic pseudocyst is collection of pan... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following scientists discovered HLA genes: | [
"Alexis Carrel",
"Peter Brian Medawar",
"George D. Snell",
"Joseph E. Murray"
] | C | Alexis Carrel (France): Work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs Peter Brian Medawar: Discovery of acquired immunological tolerance .The graft reaction is an immunity phenomenon. 1950s, induced immunological tolerance to skin allografts in mice by neonatal injection of allogeneic cell... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pharmocodynamics deals with: September 2005 | [
"Mode of excretion of a drug",
"Mechanism of action of a drug",
"Transpo of drug across the biological membranes",
"Latency of onset"
] | B | Ans. B: Mechanism of action of a drug Pharmacodynamics is the study of the physiological effects of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. Pharmacokinetics/PK, is a branch of pharmacology ded... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Congenital megacolon develops secondary to failure of - | [
"Migration of vagal neural crest cells to gut",
"Neurogenesis",
"Defecation reflex",
"External anal sphincter relaxation"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Migration of vagal neural crest cells to gut * Hirschsprung's disease (congenital megacolon) is characterised by the congenital absence of intramural ganglion cells (aganglionosis) and the presence of hypertrophic nerves in the distal large bowel.* The absence of ganglion cells is due to a failure of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following defense mechanisms are seen in obsessive compulsive disorder
i) Reaction formation
ii) Undoing
iii) Dissociation
iv) Isolation of affect | [
"All are present",
"I, II, & III are present",
"I, II & IV are present",
"II & IV are present"
] | C | Reaction formation, Undoing, Isolational affect, Displacement and Inhibition are the defense mechanisms associated with obsessive compulsive disorder.
Dissociation is seen with Dissociative disorders. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Severity of mitral stenosis is determined by: March 2005 | [
"Intensity of S1 hea sound",
"Diastolic murmur duration",
"Opening snap",
"Intensity of diastolic murmur"
] | B | Ans. B: Diastolic murmur duration Mitral Stenosis Severity assessment on auscultation - Time interval between A2 and opening snap is inversely propoional to the severity of MS. - Duration (of low pitched, rumbling, diatolic murmur, heard at the apex) of murmur correlates with the severity of stenosis in patients with p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Berkesonian bias is a type of ? | [
"Selection bias",
"Interviever bias",
"Information bias",
"Recell bias"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Selection bias Berksonian bias is a type of selection bias.Biaso It is any systemic error in the analysis of study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease.o Mainly biases are of following types.1. Selection bias# Surveillance/detection bias# Referrel bias or ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal corneal endothelial count in a young adult is | [
"500/mm2",
"2500/mm2",
"4500/mm2",
"6500/mm2"
] | B | Ans. (b) 2500/mm2Ref Parson's 21/e, p. 120* The cell density of endothelium is around 2800cells/mm2(2400-3000cells/mm2) in young adults, which decreases with the advancing age. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The earliest diagnostic test of pregnancy : | [
"Ultrasound",
"Beta HCG",
"Fetal movements",
"Fetal hea sounds"
] | B | Beta HCG | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statement is true about trauma injury | [
"Seat belt can cause pancreato-duodenal injury",
"Late death is caused by sepsis",
"Damage control surgery (DCS) is used to control major bleeding & to prevent contamination of peritoneal cavity",
"In DCS the abdomen is closed in layer to prevent evisceration"
] | A | .Damage Control Surgery -* Resuscitation and early therapy in operation theatre itself. * Minimum but essential surgery to control bleeding and prevent contamination. * Secondary definitive surgery at a later period to have final control. Ref: SRB&;s manual of surgery,3 rd ed, pg no 136 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristics of Slow Wave Sleep are | [
"Also called paradoxical slee",
"Dreams occur but not consolidated into memory",
"Heart rate & respiratory rate become irregular",
"EEG shows desynchronized pattern of b waves"
] | C | (C) Heart rate and respiratory rate become irregular > Slow waves in the EEG and their behavioral correlate, slow-wave sleep, can be produced by stimulation of at least three subcortical regions.> The diencephalic sleep zone is in the posterior hypothalamus and the nearby intralaminar and anterior thalamic nuclei.> The... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best technique to locate an impacted maxillary canine? | [
"Occlusal radiograph",
"Periapical radiograph with tube shift technique",
"CBCT",
"OPG"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sulphur granules are composed of - | [
"Fungal filaments",
"Leukocytes",
"Erythrocytes",
"Keratinocytes"
] | A | Ultrastructurally, the center of the sulfur granule was composed of a cluster of hyphae, and the periphery was surrounded by clubs arranged radially. The clubs were made of electron-dense fine granules and had a degenerated hypha at the center. These granules varied in amount from small to large. Microscopy of the gran... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following disorder is inherited in an Autosomal Dominant manner? | [
"Cystic fibrosis",
"Sickle cell anemia",
"G-6PD deficiency",
"Hereditary spherocytosis"
] | D | Hereditary spherocytosis is a disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The hallmark feature of HS erythrocytes is loss of membrane surface area relative to intracellular volume, resulting in the spheroidal shape and decreased deformability of the red cell. Loss of erythrocyte surface area results from increa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Highest fat content of milk | [
"Human",
"Goat",
"Buffalo",
"Cow"
] | C | Fat content of milk : Buffalo > Goat > Cow > Human
Energy content of milk : Buffalo > Goat > Cow > Human | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 48-year-old right-handed man was admitted with a 3-day history of brief generalised tonic-clonic seizures,muscle weakness, a 3-month history of weight loss with increasing difficulty in eating and a 1-week history of word finding difficulties and speech apraxia with reduced fine motor skills.He had a diagnosis of typ... | [
"Duchenne muscular dystrophy",
"Beckers muscular dystrophy",
"Myotonic dystrophy",
"MELA's disease"
] | D | The clinical scenario shows a child who had normal development previously and then presenting with symptoms of lactic acidosis and stroke(seizures with focal neurological deficits). The microscopy of muscle biopsy with modified Gomori trichrome staining shows ragged red fibers (arrowhead). Based on these features, the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following dentinal layers is more mineralized | [
"Peritubular dentin",
"Inter tubular dentin",
"Dentinal tubules",
"Circum pulpal dentin"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the most common site of osteosarcoma: | [
"Lower end of femur",
"Upper end of humerus",
"Lower end of tibia",
"Upper end of femur"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. lower end of femur * Common sites in decreasing order of frequency:Lower end of femur*Upper end of tibia *Upper end of humerusSome other common sites* Osteoclastoma - lower end of femur** Ewing's -tibia** Ivory osteoma -frontal sinus** Osteoid osteoma -tibia** adamantinoma -mandible** Chordoma -sacrum ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Method of autopsy in which various systems organs are removed en masse | [
"Ghon",
"Virchow",
"Rokitansky",
"Lettulle"
] | D | METHOD OF REMOVAL OF ORGANS: (I) Virchow&;s technique: Individual organs are removed one by one. Cranial cavity is exposed first, followed by thoracic, cervical and abdominal organs. Spinal cord is removed from the back. In this the anatomico-pathologic relations are not preserved. (2) Rokitansky&;s technique: It invol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Framingham Heart Study is an example of : | [
"Case control study",
"Cohort study",
"Cross-sectional study",
"Interventional study"
] | B | FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY:
Is a classical example of cohort study
Initiated in 1948 by US Public Health Service at Framingham, a town in Massachusetts, USA
Aim: To study the relationship of risk factors (serum cholesterol, blood pressure, weight,smoking) to the subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is most ideal when sealing a vessel? | [
"Continuous low-voltage waveforms",
"Continuous high-voltage waveforms",
"Intermittent low-voltage waveforms",
"Intermittent high-voltage waveforms"
] | A | Use of a continuous low-voltage waveform is the most effective means of sealing a blood vessel. Continuous low- voltage wavelengths apply a consistent amount of energy, which causes dessication and protein denaturation without vaporization. Incomparison high voltage waveform will generate more heat leading to to increa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not seen in children is | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Retinoblastoma",
"Hepatoblastoma",
"Seminoma"
] | D | Seminoma, the most common GCT in adults, does not occur before 5 years of age. seminoma is considered a postpubeal tumor. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal portal venous pressure is - | [
"1-2 mmHg",
"2-5 mmHg",
"10-12 mmHg",
"15-17 mmHg"
] | B | Ans- B The normal pressure in portal vein is 2-5 mmHg or 10-15 cm saline.Q Portal hypertension is defined as portal pressure > 10mmHg or 30 cm saline. Q | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which virus given below is not a teratogenic virus? | [
"Rubella",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"Herpes simplex",
"Measles"
] | D | the virus may cross the placenta and infect the fetus in maternal measles but thwre is no evidence for teogenecity REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.513 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dryness of mouth, dilated pupil & delirium are symptoms of - | [
"Chronic lead poisoning",
"Opium addiction",
"Chronic arsenic poisoning",
"Dhatura poisoning"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Painless sudden visual loss is seen in all except: | [
"CRAO",
"Retinal detachment",
"Vitreous haemorrhage",
"Angle closure glaucoma"
] | D | Answer ie 'd' ie Angle closure glaucoma (Ref. Parson, 19/e, p307, p148)Angle closure glaucoma is well known to be painful condition. Acute cases of angle closure glaucoma cause severe headache with red eye.Causes of painless sudden loss of visionUnilateralBilateral* Retinal detachment* Bilateral occipital infarction* R... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true regarding fresh frozen plasma | [
"Supplies major coagulation factors",
"ABO match not required",
"Should be used in replacement of factors in DIC / trauma",
"To be used within 30 minutes of having trauma"
] | D | Shelf Life
Packed RBCs
plulcletz
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
42 days
5 days
1 year
1 year | train | med_mcqa | null |
Saltatory conduction in myelinated axons results from the fact that | [
"Salt concentration is increased beneath the myelin segments",
"Non gated ion channels are present beneath the segments of myelin",
"Membrane resistance is decreased beneath the segments of myelin",
"Voltage-gated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier"
] | D | "Saltatory" Conduction in Myelinated Fibers from Node to Node: Even though almost no ions can flow through the thick myelin sheaths of myelinated nerves, they can flow with ease through the nodes of Ranvier.Therefore, action potentials occur only at the nodes. Yet the action potentials are conducted from node to node, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characterstic of acute rheumatic fever- | [
"Endocarditis",
"Mycocarditis",
"Pericarditis",
"Pancarditis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pancarditis | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with Renal cell carcinoma is on treatment with Erythropoetin. Erythropoetin use may be associated with all of the following, except: | [
"Decreased reticulocytes",
"Increased hemtocrit",
"Increased hemoglobin",
"Eliminates need for transfusion"
] | A | Treatment with erythropoietin stimulates erythrocyte production and results in an increase in reticulocyte count. Reticulocyte count is not decreased. So 'Decreased reticulocytes is the single best answer of choice'. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Page 667 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Waardenburg's syndrome following are seen except: | [
"Widening of the eyebrow",
"Sho palpebral fissure",
"Interstitial keratitis",
"Heterochromia iridis"
] | C | C i.e. Interstitial keratitis Waardenburg's Syndrome It is characterized by - "Mi Broad DPS Hit" Micro cornea Broad nasal root Dystopia canthorumQ (or telecanthus i.e. increased distance between the medial canthi due to lateral displacement of inner canthi but normal interpupillary distance) Piebaldism Sensorineural he... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic adverse effect of quinidine includes: | [
"Lupus erythematosis",
"Cinchonism",
"increase in digoxin clearance",
"Precipitation of hyperthyroidism"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Schneider's first rank symptoms in schizophrenia include -a) Audible thoughtsb) Somatic passivityc) Ambivalenced) Depersonalizatione) Hallucinations | [
"abc",
"abe",
"cde",
"acd"
] | B | Schneider's first rank symptoms
Hallucinations :- Audible thoughts, voices commenting on one's action, voices heard arguing two or more hallucinatory voices discussing the subject in third person (third person hallucination).
Thought attention phenomena :- Thought insertion, thought withdrawal, thought broadcasting.
... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In internal auditory meatus | [
"The cochlear nerve is medial to inferior vestibular nerve",
"The facial nerve is lateral to superior vestibular nerve",
"The inferior vestibular nerve is inferior to the cochlear nerve",
"The superior vestibular nerve is medial to the inferior vestibular nerve"
] | B | The facial nerve lies lateral to superior vestibular nerve. The IAM on either side face each other across the posterior fossa | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 30-yr-old male had severely itchy papulovesicular lesions over the extremities, knees, elbows and buttocks for one year. Direct immunofluorescence staining of lesions showed IgA deposition in papillary dermis in granular pattern . The most probable diagnosis is: | [
"Pemphigus vulgaris",
"Bullous pemphigoid",
"Dermatitis herpetiformis",
"Nummular eczema"
] | C | Dermatitis herpetiformis C/F : Itchy papulovesicular lesions of the extremities, knees, elbows and buttocks. DIF : IgA deposition at papillary dermis in granular pattern known as picket fence appearance. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The egg of which helminth can be concentrated in saturated salt solution - | [
"Taenia saginata",
"Taenia solium",
"Unfeilized egg of Ascaris",
"Ancylostoma duodenale"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ancylostoma duodenale | train | med_mcqa | null |
Detection of proteins by the following methods does not affect its function | [
"Detecting with Coomassie blue dye after electrophoresis by SDS-PAGE",
"Detecting with heat coagulation",
"Detecting with 2-D electrophoresis",
"Detecting with UV light at 280 nm"
] | D | Option analysis: * Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a protein denaturing agent - option a is excluded Heat coagulation result in loss of higher level of structures other than primary structure - option b is excluded 2-D electrophoresis is SDS-PAGE in one dimension and isoelectric focusing in other dimension - option c is excl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following features can be observed after the injury to axillary nerve, except: | [
"Loss of rounded contour of shoulder",
"Loss of sensation along lateral side of upper arm",
"Loss of overhead abduction",
"Atrophy of deltoid muscle"
] | C | C i.e. Loss of overhead abduction | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements is true for MEN type 1 | [
"There is hyperplasia of parathyroid gland",
"Chromophobe adenoma of pituitary gland may result in acromegaly",
"Pancreatic tumours may produce gastrin, insulin glucagon, somatostain",
"All the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ramesh presented with bronchodilatation, increased temperature, constipation and tachycardia. Probable diagnosis is poisoning with: AIIMS 10 | [
"Mushroom",
"Atropine",
"Arsenic",
"Organophosphorus"
] | B | Ans. Atropine | train | med_mcqa | null |
The vasoactive amine that causes vasodilatation, released during inflammation, is found in which of the cell: | [
"Plasma cells",
"Lymphocytes",
"Monocytes",
"Mast cells"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Wernicke's encephalopathy is seen in all conditions, EXCEPT: | [
"Chronic alcoholic",
"Hyperemesis gravidarum",
"Peritoneal dialysis patients",
"Hypothyroidism"
] | D | Wernicke's encephalopathy Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is found in 8.9- 12.5% of individuals with Chronic alcoholism It is also seen in nonalcoholic patients with Protracted starvation Hyperemesis gravidarum Gastrointestinal operations for morbid obesity Infusion of glucose solutions for parenteral nutrition without ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following antihypeensives is NOT used in the management of Pregnancy Induced Hypeension in the first trimester | [
"Hydralazine",
"Atenolol",
"Labetolol",
"Nifedipine"
] | B | Atenolol is not recommended for the management of Hypeension in pregnancy. Atenolol has risk of growth restriction when staed in first or second trimester and is not recommended if breast feeding. Atenolol Labetolol Hydralazine Nifedipine Mechanism Beta Blocker Beta Blocker Vasodilator Calcium Channel blocker Pregananc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient having glaucoma develops blepharoconjunctivitis after instilling some anti-glaucoma drug. Which of the following drug can be responsible for it: | [
"Timolol",
"Latanosprost",
"Dipiverine",
"Pilocarpine"
] | A | Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis is a side effect of beta blockers. Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By K D Tripathi, 4th Edition, Page 95 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Body after postmoem is handed over to: NIMHANS 14 | [
"Police constable",
"Relatives",
"Preserved in mouary",
"Magistrate"
] | A | Ans. Police constable | train | med_mcqa | null |
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