question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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All the following are features of prematurity in a neonate except | [
"No creases on sole",
"Abundant lanugo",
"Thick ear cailage",
"Empty scrotum"
] | C | Ear cailage of the newborn is thin and elastic. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements are TRUE about PE EXCEPT | [
"The risk for embolism from proximal DVT is highest in the first week",
"The majority of the patients with PE have at least one risk factor",
"Tachypnea is defined as a RR of greater than 16 breaths per minute",
"Syncope is the presenting complaint in up to 5 percent of cases"
] | D | The area of the brain most closely associated with memory is the temporal lobe, paicularly the hippocampus. PE presents with a syncopal episode up to 15 percent of the time. Altered mental status and generalized seizures may also be the presenting complaint, especially in the elderly. The most common presenting symptom... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient's case histories are Orofacial oedema, facial palsy, and fissured tongue. What will be your diagnosis? | [
"Melkersson-rosenthal syndrome",
"Ramsay hunt syndrome",
"Guillain-barre syndrome",
"Lyme disease"
] | A | Ans. a. Melkersson-rosenthal syndromeMELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROMEIt a rare disorder, etiological agent is unknown.Sign and Symptoms: Recurrent facial paralysis, recurrent-and eventually permanent facial (particularly labial) edema, and less constantly, plication of the tongue.RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROMEIt is caused by reacti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lumbar hemivertebra results due to the abnormal development of: | [
"Dorsal sclerotome.",
"Intermediate cell mass.",
"Notocord",
"Ventral sclerotome"
] | D | The embryonic mesoderm on either side of the notochord segments into paired somites, which differentiate into sclerotome. myotome .. and dermatome portions. The human vertebral column develops by endochondral bone formation from the paired sclerotome elements. The vertebral bodies are formed by fusion of a more compact... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following drug is a synthetic choline ester (REPEAT) | [
"Nicotine",
"Pilocarpine",
"Arecoline",
"Carbachol"
] | D | Remaining all are naturally obtained from plants-alkaloids-the word ends with ''ine'' Ref: KDT 7th ed pg 101 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Resistance to chloroquine is common among strains of | [
"Plasmodium falciparum",
"Plasmodium vivax",
"Plasmodium malariae",
"Plasmodium ovale"
] | A | (A) Plasmodium falciparum | train | med_mcqa | null |
Energy source used by brain in later days of Starvation is | [
"Glucose",
"Ketone bodies",
"Glycogen",
"Fatty acids"
] | B | B i.e. Ketone bodies REF: Lippincott book of biochemistry 6th ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Medullary ca of thyroid is associated with increase in? | [
"Calcitonin",
"Thyroglobulin",
"T3",
"T4"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Calcitonin The cells of medullary carcinomas, similar to normal cells, secrete calcitonin. In some instance other hormones are secreted such as somatostatin, serotonin, and VIP. Medullary carcinoma thyroid Accounts for approximately 7% of malignant tumour of thyroid. It arises from ultimobranchial bod... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malignant hypehermia is most common with | [
"Succinyl Choline",
"Gallamine",
"Dantrolene",
"Ketamine"
] | A | A i.e. Succinyl choline | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient is a known case of thalassemia major and is on repeated packed RBC transfusion. She is on iron chelators and has history of arrythmias. During the current BT, she has backache and looks very anxious. The next management is? | [
"Observe for change in colour of urine",
"Continuous BT and perform ECG",
"Stop BT and wait for patient to become normal and then resta BT",
"Stop BT and perform clerical check of blood group"
] | D | Mismatched Blood Transfusion: Clerical ERROR is the most common cause | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about imipenem is : | [
"It is narrow spectrum antibiotic",
"It is easily broken by beta lactamases",
"It should be used with cilastatin",
"It is used with sulbactam"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Uncrossed diplopia in seen in : | [
"Exotropia",
"Exophoria",
"Esotropia",
"Esophoria"
] | C | C i.e. Esotropia Uncrossed (homonymous) diplopia means that the detion & tilt of second image is in the same direction* as the action of the affected muscle. It is seen in convergent (Esotropia) squints eg lateral rectus palsyQ * If right LR is affected false (2nd) image is on the right side Diplopia Detion & tilt of 2... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A surgeon inadveently sections the recurrent laryngeal nerve during a procedure. Which of the following muscles would retain its innervation subsequent to this injury? | [
"Cricothyroid",
"Lateral cricoarytenoid",
"Posterior cricoarytenoid",
"Thyroarytenoid"
] | A | The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve, which innervates all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except for the cricothyroid muscle. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chalazion oflid is - | [
"Caseous necrosis",
"Chronic nonspecific inflammation",
"Chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation",
"Liposarcoma"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation Chalaziono Chalazion is chronic non-infective (non-suppurative) lipogranulomatous inflammation of sebaceous glands called meibomian glands.o It results from obstruction of a meibomian gland duct.3 Extravasated lipid material produces a surrounding chronic lipogra... | train | med_mcqa | null |
'Rubber band' extraction is a method of extraction in patients having | [
"Bleeding disorders",
"Myocardial infarction and angina pectoris",
"Supernumerary teeth",
"Impacted teeth"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Smallest pelvic diameter is | [
"True conjugate",
"Interspinous diameter",
"Inteuberous diameter",
"Posterior sagittal diameter"
] | B | The interspinous diameter is 10 cm or slightly greater, is usually the smallest pelvic diameter, and, in cases of obstructed labor, is paicularly impoant.(Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is preferred in treating opioid induced constipation | [
"Linaclotide",
"Lubipristone",
"Alvimopan",
"Prucalopride"
] | C | Alvimopan is a peripheral opioid antagonist used against opioid induced constipation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
tranylcypromine is a type of | [
"SNRI",
"SSRI",
"MAOI",
"NDRI"
] | C | MAOI * IMPOANCE First class of antidepressant drugs that were introduced * MECHANISM There are three monoamines namely dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin. These mon amines are degraded by monoamine oxidase. MAOI inhibit this enzyme and acts increasing monoamines * DRUGS Phenelezine Tranylcipromine * USE ATYPICAL DEPRES... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aconite poisoning causes all, EXCEPT: | [
"Hypersalivation",
"Tingling and numbness",
"Increased BP",
"Chest pain"
] | C | Aconite poisoning is characterized by hypotension and hypeension. Tingling, numbness, hypersalivation and chest pain is usually seen in all cases of aconite poisoning. The aconite leaves when rubbed or handled on the skin, produces tingling and numbness. The eyes on exposed to pollen, becomes painful and swollen. It gi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Clinical criteria of brain death is all except – | [
"Coma",
"Absent brain stem reflex",
"Absent spinal cord reflex",
"Absent motor activity"
] | C | Spinal cord reflexes may be preserved. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In pseudophakic eye, which of the following rays penetrate upto retina? | [
"UV-A",
"UV-B",
"UV-C",
"Infrared"
] | A | Ans. A. UV-A. (Ref Recent advances in ophthalmology/ Issue 7. Pg. 123)Cornea and lens at its ages provide effective filters for UV radiation. However, UVA radiation can penetrate to the retina in pseudophakic individuals.Increase in UV exposure is asso with increased risk for cataracts, corneal photokeratitis ("snow bl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Same aminoacid is coded by multiple codons d/t following : | [
"Degeneracy",
"Frame-shift mutation",
"Transcription",
"Mutation"
] | A | A i.e. Degeneracy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Triiodothyronine (T3) as compared to T4: | [
"Is more plasma protein bound",
"Is shoer acting",
"Is less potent",
"Has delayed action"
] | B | (Ref: KDT 6/e p247) T3 is the main active thyroid hormone. It is more potent (less plasma protein bound) and faster acting than T4. However, sho duration of action limits its use for the treatment of hypothyroidism (requires life long treatment). T3 is indicated for the treatment of myxedema coma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young male patient has history of diarrhea 3-4 weeks back, now complaining of right knee pain, swelling in other joints with signs of inflammation and dactylitis. The most probable causative organism is | [
"Shigella",
"Campylobacter",
"E coli",
"Yersinia"
] | A | Answer- a. ShigellaThis is a case of reactive ahritis.Most common cause of reacticve ahtis is chlamydia trachomatis.Reiter's syndrome is causedly preceding infection of genital tract by chlamydia trachomatis (M.C.) or GI tract by ShigellaSalmonella, Ureoplasma ureolyticum, Yersinia, Campylobacter | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 41 year old patient presented with chronic diarrhea for 3 months. A D-xylose absorption test was order to look for: | [
"Carbohydrate malabsorption due to mucosal disease",
"Carbohydrate malabsorption due to chronic pancreatitis",
"Fat malabsorption due to mucosal disease",
"Fat malabsorption due to chronic pancreatitis"
] | A | D-Xylose - monosaccharide, or simple sugar, that does not require enzymes for digestion prior to absorption. Its absorption requires an intact mucosa only. In normal individuals, a 25 g oral dose of D-xylose will be absorbed and excreted in the urine at approximately 4.5 g in 5 hours. A decreased urinary excretion of D... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dysphagia lusoria is due to: | [
"Esophageal diverticulum",
"Aneurysm of aorta",
"Esophageal web",
"Compression by aberrant blood vessel"
] | D | Ans. (d) Compression by aberrant blood vesselsRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Pages 1036-1037* Abnormal origin of right subclavian artery from descending aorta causes dysphagia - known as dysphagia lusoria* The esophagus is compressed posteriorly in this scenario* This type of compression forms a complete ring* Only sympto... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which glut transports glucose from intestine to liver | [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | B | (B) (2) (269-A-K-Jain 5th (416-sembulingam 6th (320-Ganong 23rd)* The glucose is transported by glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) In to the interstial space and hence to the blood capillaries* GLUT-4 Is insulin sensitive and is located in cytoplasmic vesicles. It is present in large numbers in muscle fibers and adipose ce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about anatomy of right ventricle: | [
"TV & PV Share fibrous continuity",
"More prominent trabeculation",
"Crista supraventricularis Separate Tricuspid valve & Pulmonary valve and Apex trabeculated both",
"All"
] | D | All Correct Right ventricle is situated anteriorlyQ. As the anterior (sternocostal) surface of hea consists mainly of right ventricleQ with right atrium on its right and a narrow strip of left ventricle left border. The tip of left auricular appendage peeps over the to of this border. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coxsackie virus is - | [
"Hebrpes virus",
"Pox virus",
"Enterovirus",
"Myxovirus"
] | C | Enteroviruses include poliovirus type 1-3,coxsackie virus A types 1-24,coxsackie virus B types 1-6,echovirus tyoes 1-34 and enteroviruses types 68-78. REF:ANATHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:485 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are beta emitter particles except: | [
"Strontium 89",
"Technetium 99m",
"Phosphorus 32",
"Tin 117m"
] | B | Radionuclides react with hydroxyapatite and the pattern of uptake is seen on the bone scan. Strontium-89, Samarium -153, Phosphorus -32, Rhenium-186, Tin -117m emit beta particles with a mean range between 0.2 to 3 mm, minimising toxicity to the surrounding tissues | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pain due to stimulus non- painful stimulus that does not normally produce pain is called: | [
"Allodynia.",
"Hyperalgesia.",
"Hyperasthesia.",
"Hyoerpathia."
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following a week of binge drinking, a patient is admitted with severe upper abdominal pain with radiation to the back. He describes the pain as steady, but notes that it is more severe when he lays down on his back. His blood pressure stas to drop, but no source of bleeding is identified. The patient's white count is w... | [
"Antinuclear antibodies",
"IgG levels",
"Reticulocyte count",
"Serum amylase"
] | D | This is a classic presentation of acute pancreatitis. The other classic presentation is as a complication of gallstones occluding the pancreatic duct. Many cases of acute pancreatitis are comparatively mild, but severe cases can cause life-threatening shock secondary to release of vasoactive substances from the damaged... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rossettes are characteristically seen in - | [
"Retinoblastoma",
"Melanoma",
"Dysgerminoma",
"Lymphoma"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Retinoblastoma Rosettes Rosettes are pathological findings characterized by a halo or spoke wheel arrangement of cells surrounding a central core or hub. Type of Rosette Flexner - Wintersteiner Rosettes o A halo of cells surrounds a largely empty central hub but small cytoplasmic extension from cells ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Human anatomical wastes such as body parts are disposed off in: | [
"Yellow",
"Black",
"Red",
"Blue"
] | A | Categories of Bio medical wastes (BMW) (Schedule I): | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a feature of spinal cord reflex? | [
"Delay",
"Fatigue",
"Memory",
"Summation"
] | C | The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of nerve signals from the motor coex to the body, and from the afferent fibers of the sensory neurons to the sensory coex. It is also a center for coordinating many reflexes and contains reflex arcs that can independently control reflexes Ref: guyton and hall text... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which antihypeensive is a prodrug and is coveed to its active form in brain? | [
"Clonidine",
"Methyldopa",
"Minoxidil",
"Nitroprusside"
] | B | (Ref: KDT 6/e p547) Although both methyldopa and minoxidil are produrgs, conversion of methyldopa to a-methylnorepinephrine takes place in the brain whereas minoxidil is activated to minoxidil sulphate (by phase II reaction) in the periphery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a long acting M3 - antagonist used for bronchial asthma | [
"Ipratropium",
"Glycopyrolate",
"Cromoglycate",
"Tiotropium"
] | D | Tiotropium and umiclidinium are longer acting M3-antagonists used in bronchial asthma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Agent used for dilatation of pupil in children is | [
"Atropine",
"Homatropine",
"Tropicamide",
"Phenylephrine"
] | A | A i.e. Atropine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following methods is used for demonstrating old washed up blood-stains - | [
"Infrared photography",
"Luminol spray",
"Ultraviolet light",
"Magnifying lens"
] | B | Luminol (3-aminophthalhydrazide) spray is most common blood reagent used for visualizing/demonstrating weak/ faint blood stains i.e old washed up or cleaned up stains and blood stains in areas difficult to see such as outdoor vegetations etc. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements regarding Craniopharyngiomas are true, except : | [
"Arise from Rathke's pouch",
"Can cause visual disturbances",
"Presents with hypopituitarism in adults",
"Usually Infrasellar in location"
] | D | Cranipharyngiomas are suprasellar paially calcified benign tumors that arise from remnants of Rathke's pouch. It usually presents with headache, visual impairment, impaired growth in children and hypopituitarism in adults. Treatment modalities includes surgery, radiotherapy or both. Reference: Harrison's Principles of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40-year-old man has been diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. How should the cysts be present in USG to call it ADPKD? | [
"1 cyst per kidney",
"2 cysts per kidney",
"3 cysts per kidney",
"4 cysts per kidney"
] | B | Diagnostic criteria for ADPKD Age (years ) Number of Cysts 15-29 2 renal cysts (unilateral or bilateral) 30-59 2 cysts per kidney >60 4 cysts per kidney | train | med_mcqa | null |
Edward syndrome is? | [
"Trisomy 13",
"Trisomy 18",
"Trisomy 21",
"Trisomy 20"
] | B | Ans. B. Trisomy 18. (Ref OP Ghai 7th /pg. 614)EDWARD SYNDROME (Trisomy 18)# Although much rarer than Down syndrome (trisomy 21), it is the 2nd commonest autosomal trisomy, more common than Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)# Incidence: 1 in 3500 and 1 in 7000.# It is also associated with increased maternal age.# Of the affect... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Staphylococcal food poisoning includes the following feature- | [
"Incubation period of 24 hrs",
"Requires immediate antibiotics",
"Common with dairy Products",
"Heat labile enterotoxin"
] | C | Staphylococcal food poisoning - Occurs after eating meat and fish, or milk and milk products or potato salad. Incubatory Period: 1-6 hr due to preformed toxin. Site of action: The toxin stimulates the vagus nerve and vomiting center of the brain. It also stimulates the intestinal peristaltic activity. Heat stable (not ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 69-year-old man is given a multivitamin containing vitamin B12. He feels well, reports no symptoms, and his physical examination is normal. His CBC is completely normal. Which of the following is most characteristic of vitamin B12 absorption? | [
"totally dependent on the intrinsic factor",
"best in the duodenum",
"improved in folic acid deficiency",
"best in the distal ileum"
] | D | Vitamin B12 absorption is best in the distal ileum. Receptors for the intrinsic factor are present in the distal ileum, but mass action absorption also occurs with large doses. However, the oral route is still felt to be unreliable if hematologic or neurologic effects are present. The Schilling test, with and without i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is an indor air-pollutonts- | [
"Carbon dioxide",
"HCN",
"Methan",
"Perfluoro carbons"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Carbon dioxide Important indoor air pollutantsPOLLUTANTSSOURCESRespirable particlesTobacco smoke, Stove, Aerosol sprays.Carbon monoxideCombustion equipment, Stove, Gas heaters.Nitrogen dioxideGas cookersCigarettesSulphur dioxideCoal combustionCarbon dioxideCombustion, respirationFormaldehydeParticle b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 42 yrs man presenting with dizziness on standing and SBP falls by 50 mm of Hg | [
"Gradual stockings and compression",
"SIL isoprenaline",
"Fludrocoisone",
"Oral indomethacin"
] | A | Compression stockings are medical grade devices designed to move blood flow.. Most commonly compression suppo stockings come in mild (8-15 mmHg), Medium (15-20 mmHg), Firm (20-30 mmHg), X-Firm (30-40 mmHg) gradient compression levels. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 456 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about Lipoprotein Lipase are true, except | [
"Found in adipose tissue",
"Found in myocites",
"Deficiency leads to hyperiacyglycerolemia",
"Does not require CII as cofactor"
] | D | The enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LpL) is located at the endothelial layer of capillaries of adipose tissue, muscles and hea; but not in liver. Apo C-II present in the chylomicrons activates the LpL. The LpL hydrolyses triglycerides present in chylomicrons into fatty acids and glycerol. Muscle or adipose tissue cells take... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Defect in alpha oxidation of fatty acid leads to: | [
"Dicarboxylic aciduria",
"Zellweger syndrome",
"Jamaican vomiting sickness",
"Refsum disease"
] | D | Oxidation of fatty acid - two pathway Major pathway - beta oxidation -oxidation of fatty acid at beta carbon atom and sequential removal of acetyl COA MINOR PATHWAY - a oxidation and o oxidation Refsum disease - Defect in the alpha-oxidation due to the deficiency of the enzyme phytanic acid alpha-oxidase. Phytanic acid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Location of osmoreceptor is the: | [
"Wall of atria",
"Anterior hypothalamus",
"Juxta glomerular apparatus",
"Wall of veins"
] | B | B i.e. Anterior hypothalamus | train | med_mcqa | null |
An IT employee after taking up the job is feeling guilty, hopeless and not able to concentrate on work. His symptoms started 3 years back when he entered college. Likely diagnosis? | [
"Depressive disorder",
"Dysthymia",
"Adjustment disorder",
"Cyclothymia"
] | B | ANS. BSymptoms of hopelessness, guilt and loss of concentration for more than 2 years is called dysthymia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are pharmacologic therapies for androgen excess except | [
"Glucocoicoids",
"Spironolactone",
"Fludrocoisone",
"Oral contraceptives"
] | C | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most sensitive indicator for Iron deficiency anaemia? | [
"Serum Ferrtin",
"TIBC",
"Percentage saturation of transferrin",
"Bone marrow iron"
] | A | Ref: CMDT 2019, P 512* Low ferritin levels <12ng/ml is a highly reliable indicator of reduced iron stores. Serum ferritin can increase in response to inflammation and hence normal or elevated ferritin level does not exclude diagnosis of IDA.* As iron deficiency progresses iron levels will be less than 30mcg/dl and tran... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following can cause methemoglobinemia except- | [
"Prilocaine",
"Benzocaine",
"Nitroglycerine",
"Bupivacaine"
] | D | Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially life - threatening complication that may follow theadministration of ceain drugs that causes oxidation of hemoglobin to Methemoglobin. Drugs whichcause this - prilocaine benzocaine, rarely Lignocaine, nitroglycerine, Phenytoin sulphonamide. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is used for the management of Supraventricular tachycardia? | [
"Adenosine",
"Amiodarone",
"Naloxone",
"Calcium gluconate"
] | A | Ans. A. AdenosineAdenosine is the drug of choice for the management of supraventricular tachycardia. It is given in a dose of 0.1mg/kg IV or IO as rapid bolus. While using adenosine, one should monitor the ECG during the dose and it should be preferable administered in a vein close to the heart. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Esophagus enters through | [
"Central tendon of diaphragm",
"Along aoic opening",
"Muscular pa of diaphragm",
"All"
] | C | C. i.e. Muscular pa of diaphragm | train | med_mcqa | null |
The ideal temperature of water to cool down the burned area is | [
"5degc",
"10degc",
"15degc",
"20degc"
] | C | Cool the burn wound. This provides analgesia and slows the delayed microvascular damage that can occur after a burn injury. Cooling should occur for a minimum of 10 minutes and is effective up to 1 hour after the burn injury. It is a paicularly impoant first aid step in paial-thickness burns, especially scalds. In temp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Isomorphic response" can be a feature of the following except | [
"Warts",
"Tinea",
"Psoriasis",
"Molluscum contagiosum"
] | B | Warts and Psoriasis show Isomorphic (koebner's) phenomenon.
Molluscum contagiosum show pseudoisomorphic (isomorphic like) phenomenon. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Insulin increases the entry of glucose into | [
"All tissues",
"Renal tubular cells",
"The mucosa of the Small intestine",
"Skeletal muscle"
] | D | GLUT 4 Is the insulin-regulated glucose transpoer. Responsible for insulin-regulated glucose storage. And the GLUT 4 is found in adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle).Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;24th edition; page no-434 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A community has a population of 10,000 and a birth rate of 36 per 1000. 5 maternal deaths were reported in the current year the MMR is – | [
"14.5",
"13.8",
"20",
"5"
] | B | You should keep in mind that MMR denotes maternal mortality ratio (not maternal mortality rate). | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 yr old male presents to the clinic requesting a HIV test. He had unprotected sexual contact with another man 3 weeks ago. Antibodies against which of the following will be detected first by ELISA or Western blot? | [
"gp120",
"p24",
"p55",
"gp41"
] | D | Antibodies against gp41 will be detected first by ELISA or Western blot. Antibodies to HIV usually appear within 3-6 weeks of primary infection. The appearance of HIV-binding antibodies occurs prior to the appearance of neutralizing antibodies. The only viral proteins that elicit neutralizing antibodies are the envelop... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fecal leucocytes are absent in all the following EXCEPT- | [
"Giardiasis",
"Cryptosporidiasis",
"Campylobacter infection",
"Clostridium perfringes infection"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of congenital stridor? | [
"Laryngomalacia",
"Laryngeal web",
"Laryngeal papillomatosis",
"Tracheomalacia"
] | A | Ans. a (Laryngomalacia) (Ref PL Dhingra ENT 4th 1272)Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of airway obstruction in children and is the collapse of the supraglottis during inspiration. Laryngomalacia is usually a benign condition presenting soon after birth with resolution in the majority of cases by age two.Laryngom... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 14 yr old boy with abnormal movements. MRI shows involvement of bilateral striatum, thalami, puns, centrum semiovale and asymmetrical diffuse white matter involvement. What could be the possible diagnosis? | [
"Wilson's disease",
"Hallevordon spatz disease",
"Nigrostriatal degeneration",
"Parkinsonism"
] | A | Ans. Wilson's disease | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is NOT used in glaucoma | [
"Timolol",
"Physostigmine",
"Donepezil",
"Dipivefrine"
] | C | C i.e. Donepezil Mydriatic drugs such as atropineQ, cyclopentolate, phenylephrine and tropicamide precipitate angle closure glaucoma; and so are not used in treatment of glaucoma. Donepezil is a centrally acting anticholinesterase (cholinergic) drug used in Alzheitner's dementia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Constrictions of esophagus when measured from upper incisiors are present at | [
"15 cm, 20 cm , 40 cm",
"15 cm, 25 cm, 25 cm",
"20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm",
"30 cm, 40 cm, 60cm"
] | B | The second constriction is at 25 cm from the upper incisor teeth, where it is crossed by the aoic arch and left main bronchus. The third constriction is at 40 cm from the upper incisor teeth, where it pierces the diaphragm; the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is situated at this level. ref - BDC vol2 , britannica.com | train | med_mcqa | null |
Multiple myeloma on radionuclide scanning presents as | [
"Cold nodule",
"Hot nodule",
"Diffuse increased uptake",
"Diffuse decreased uptake"
] | A | Hot spots' or | distribution is seen inBone tumor or cancerBone metastasis from breast, lung, prostate, thyroid & kidney.Fracture, when it cannot be seen on a regular X-ray Bone injections (osteomyelitis)Cause of bone pain.Metabolic disorders such as osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, primary hyperparathyroidism, oste... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency depament complaining of frequent nose-bleeds. What is the most likely site of acute epistaxis? | [
"Turbinate",
"Septum",
"Maxillary sinus",
"Ethmoid sinus"
] | B | The most common source of epistaxis is Kisselbach's vascular plexus on the anterior nasal septum. Predisposing factors include foreign bodies, forceful nose-blowing, nose-picking, rhinitis and deted septum | train | med_mcqa | null |
Products of HMP shunt are all except: | [
"Glyceraldehyde 3-P",
"Glycerol-3-P",
"3CO2",
"6NADPH"
] | B | Ans. B. Glycerol-3-PHMP is an alternative method of oxidation of glucose. It is Anabolic and occurs in fed state. It is activated by Insulin. Its main features are:a. No ATP formedb. CO2 is producedc. Occurs in the Liver, Adipose tissue, Lactating mammary glands, Adrenal Cortex.d. Has 2 phases-Oxidative and Non-Oxidati... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Motor aphasia refers to defect in: | [
"Peripheral speech apparatus",
"Verbal expression",
"Auditory comprehension",
"Verbal comprehension"
] | B | Answer is B (Verbal expression): Motor aphasia also known as expressive aphasia is a disorder of thought and word finding resulting in inadequate verbal expression. * Defect in hearing: Deafness * Defect in understanding: Receptive aphasia / Sensory aphasia * Defect in thought and word finding: Motor / Expressive aphas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
DSM IV criterion for depression is? | [
"1 week",
"2 weeks",
"3 weeks",
"4 weeks"
] | B | Ans. B. 2 weeksFor the diagnosis of minor depression 2-4 and for major depression > 5 DSM IV symptoms are required for at least for a two week period. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 15-year-old boy with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is rushed to emergency room with severe muscle cramps and convulsions. The child has a history of mental retardation. Laboratory studies reveal hypocalcemia and elevated blood levels of PTH. Which of the following distinguishes this patient's endocrinopath... | [
"Abnormalities in cardiac conduction and contractility",
"Accelerated degradation of PTH",
"Decreased neuromuscular excitability",
"End-organ unresponsiveness to PTH"
] | D | - Given clinical features suggests the diagnosis of pseudo-hypoparathyroidism. Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism Group of hereditary conditions a/w maternal imprinting in which hypocalcemia is caused by target organ insensitivity to parathyroid hormone. High PTH level is seen by feedback. - Whereas in DiGeorge syndrome, hypoca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 48-year-old man complains of joint pain and stiffness for the past three months. All of the following are evidence of the diagnosis of rheumatoid ahritis (RA), EXCEPT: | [
"Early morning stiffness lasting one hour",
"Numbness and blanching of fingers on exposure to cold",
"Symmetrica linvolvement of the metacarpophalangeal joints",
"Synol fluid with high viscosity and 30,000 lymphocytes/mm3"
] | D | Morning stiffness lasting more than one hour is characteristic of RA. Bilateral and symmetrical metacarpophalangeal joint involvement is very common. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules are found in 20-25% of patients, especially over the olecranon, extensor forearm, and Achilles' tendon. Some patients experience Raynaud's... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In indirect larynogscopy not seen is - | [
"Base of tongue",
"Pyriform fossa",
"Glottis",
"Sub glottis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following statements are true regarding botulism except | [
"Infant botulism is caused by ingestion of preformed toxin",
"Clostridium botulinum A, B, C and F cause human disease",
"The gene for botulinum toxin is encoded by a bacteriophage",
"Clostridium baratti may cause botulism"
] | A | Infant botulism is caused by ingestion of spores of Clostridium botulinum in food which gets deposited in the gut and later produces toxin. Cases occur in infants below 6 months. Older children are not susceptible. The manifestations are constipation, poor feeding, lethargy, weakness, pooled oral secretions, weak or al... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adoption of values of some others and make them a pa of yours is known as:- | [
"Acculturation",
"Internalization",
"Culture",
"Customs"
] | B | Acculturation: Is 'cultural contact' or mixing of two cultures. Internalization: Adoption of values of some others and make them a pa of yours. Culture: is the learned behavior which is socially acquired . Customs: The established patterns of behavior that can be objectively verified within a paicular social setting. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thiamine deficiency is best detected by estimating the activity of - | [
"Transketolase",
"Transaldolase",
"Hexokinase",
"Pyruvate carboxylase"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Transketolase* Thiamine is a water soluble vitamin* Structurally, thiamine is aminopyrimidine and a thiazole ring linked by a methylene bridge* Thiamine's coenzyme form is Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) or Thiamine diphosphate* TPP acts as a coenzyme for:# Oxidative decarboxylation reactions* Pyruvate D... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding vitamin B3 are all except: March 2012 | [
"Tryptophan is a precursor",
"Milk is a rich source",
"Pellagra results due to deficiency",
"Not excreted in urine"
] | B | Ans: B i.e. Milk is a rich source | train | med_mcqa | null |
A girl presents with complaints of malena. On examination there are pigmented lesions involving her mouth and lips. Two of her sisters also had similar complaints. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis - | [
"Kornkhite Canada syndrome",
"Puetz Jegher's syndrome",
"Gardner's syndrome",
"Turcot's syndrome"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is produced by Argentaffinoma of ileum? | [
"G.A.B.A",
"Serotonin",
"Epinephrine",
"Nor-epinephrine"
] | B | Argentaffin cells in Carcinoid tumor produce 5HT derivatives like Serotonin. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are produced by Chromaffin cells which are seen in Pheochromocytoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
. Clostridium difficale infection occurs after ? | [
"After prolong antibiotic therapy",
"Pantoprazole increases the risk",
"Associated with use of rectal thermometer",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a' i.e., After prolong antibiotic therapy, 'b' i.e., Pantoprazole increases the risk, 'c' i.e., Associated with use of rectal thermometer | train | med_mcqa | null |
When a small target is oscillated in front of a patient with binocular vision, patient sees movement of the object in elliptical orbit rather than to and fro path. What is this phenomena known as? | [
"Oppenheim phenomenon",
"Pulfrich phenomenon",
"Uthoff phenomenon",
"Paroxysmal convergence spasm phenomenon"
] | B | Ans: (b) Pulfrich phenomenonRef: Albert and Jacobie's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, 3rd edition, Page 3874Oppenheim Phenomenon:The great toe dorsiflex when the periostium of the tibia is rubbed with the knuckles.Other three options are seen in multiple sclerosis.Uthoff's Phenomenon:Seen in multiple sclerosi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following agents do not act GABAA Cl- channel complex receptors? | [
"Zopiclone",
"Benzodiazepines",
"Thiopentone",
"Promethazine"
] | D | Zopiclone (non benzodiazepine hypnotics ),benzodiazepine ,thiopentone(barbiturates) all act on GABA-Cl channel ,whereas promethazin is a antihistamine drug that acts on histaminergic receptors which causes high sedation. Ref: KD Tripathio 8th ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following antibiotics are safe to treat UTI in pregnancy:a) Aminoglycosidesb) Penicillinc) Cotrmoxazoled) Ciprofloxacine) Cephalosporins | [
"ab",
"ad",
"be",
"ce"
] | C | Principles for management of UTI during pregnancy:
Single dose therapy is preferred
The antimicrobial agent should be appropriate to the mother and fetus, any one of the following drugs could be prescribed:
– Ampicillin
– Nitrofurantoin – DOC for prophylaxis of recurrent UTI in pregnancy
– Cephalexin Cephalosporin
– ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malarial parasite in anopheles is | [
"Propagative",
"Cyclo-Propagative",
"Cyclo-developmental",
"None of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Metroplasty is a plastic/ reconstructive surgery on: March 2013 | [
"Fallopian tube",
"Vagina",
"Uterus",
"Ovary"
] | C | Ans. C i.e. Uterus | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tumour arising from crown of unerupted tooth is? | [
"Periapical cyst",
"Odontogenic keratocyst",
"Dentigerous cyst",
"Ameloblastoma"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) Dentigerous cystREF: Robbins 8th ed chapter 16The dentigerous cyst is defined as a cyst that originates around the crown of an unerupted tooth and is thought to be the result of a degeneration of the dental follicle. Radiographically, they are unilocular lesions and are most often associated with impacted t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following has propensity to metastasize through lymph nodes ? | [
"Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Both",
"None"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hepatic necrosis is caused by: | [
"Carbon tetrachloride",
"Phosphorous",
"Amanita phalloides",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. D. All of the above. (Ref. H-17th/pg. 1949; Table 299-1)Harrison's medicine 17th/pg. 1949 ........."Liver injury may follow the inhalation, ingestion, or parenteral administration of a number of pharmacologic and chemical agents. These include industrial toxins (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and y... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Action of which anaesthetic agent is through NMDA receptors? | [
"Xenon",
"NO",
"Succinylcholine",
"Etomidate"
] | A | Molecular modeling and electrophysiology studies suggested that Xe and isoflurane selectively inhibit the N-methyl-D-aspaate (NMDA) receptor by binding to its glycine agonist site359 through the phenylalanine 758 residue. Advantages and disadvantages of xenon (Xe) anesthesia. Advantages Ine (probably nontoxic with no m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
P.E.R.T. is a type of- | [
"Input output analysis",
"System analysis",
"Network analysis",
"Work sampling"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Network analysis | train | med_mcqa | null |
After doing a graft repair of a thoraco-abdominal aneurysm, the patient was not able to move both of his lower limbs. Most probable cause is | [
"Damage to thoracic splanchnic nerve",
"Damage to lumbar spinal nerves",
"Ischemia of lower limbs",
"Insufficiency of aeria magna radicularis"
] | D | Ans. d. Insufficiency of aeria magna radicularis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not usually a post-operative complication? | [
"Hyponatremia",
"Hypokalemia",
"Glucose intolerance",
"Negative N2 balance"
] | A | After surgery there is usually an increased adrenocoicoid activity and decreased sodium excretion. Hypokalaemia, glucose intolerance and nitrogen imbalance are seen after a surgery. If urine output is low and urine osmolality high, then both ADH secretion and the renal response to it are present. The cause here is most... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An anemic patient has the following red cell indexes: mean corpuscular volume, 70 mm3 ; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, 22 pg; and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, 34%. These values are most consistent with a diagnosis of | [
"Folic acid-deficiency anemia",
"Iron-deficiency anemia",
"Pernicious anemia",
"Thalassemia minor"
] | D | The differential diagnosis of microcytosis includes b thalassemia (due to a defect in globin chain synthesis) and iron-deficiency anemia. It is impoant to distinguish between these two disorders because therapy with iron benefits patients with iron-deficiency anemia, but harms patients with thalassemia because these pa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Human developmental index includes all except: | [
"Adult literacy rate",
"Per capita income",
"Life expectancy",
"Infant moality rate"
] | D | PQL I ( physical quality of life index) HDI ( human development index) 1) Literacy rate 1) Literacy rate 2) Infant moality rate 2) Income 3) Life expectancy at 1 year of age 3) life expectancy at bih. 4) 0<PQ LI < 100 4) 0< HDI < +1 | train | med_mcqa | null |
International prognostic index for lymphomas includes the following prognostic factors, except - | [
"Stage of disease",
"Number of extralymphatic sites involved",
"LDH",
"Hemoglobin and albumin"
] | D | The prognosis of patients with NHL is best assigned using the International Prognostic Index (IPI) .
This is a powerful predictor of outcome in all subtypes of NHL.
Patients are assigned on IPI score based on the presence or absence of five adverse prognostic factors:-
Age > 60 years
Elevated serum LDH
Performance st... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are associated with Thyroid storm, Except : | [
"Surgery for thyroiditis",
"Surgery for thyrotoxicosis",
"Stressful illness in thyrotoxicosis",
"I\n131\n therapy for thyrotoxicosis"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following hereditary conditions predispose to CNS tumors, except: | [
"Neurofibromatosis 1 and 2",
"Tuberous sclerosis",
"Von - Hippel - landau syndrome",
"Xeroderma pigmentosum"
] | D | Xeroderma pigmentosum is not a risk factor for brain tumor. Genetic abnormalities associated with brain tumors (RL not in MTV GT) RetinoblastomaQ Li-FraumeniQ NF-1 & 2Q MEN 1Q Turcot's syndromeQ VHL syndromeQ Gorlin syndromeQ Tuberous sclerosisQ | train | med_mcqa | null |
Increased PT and Normal aPTT are found in which of the following? | [
"Von Willibrand's disease",
"Factor 7 deficiency",
"Factor 8 deficiency",
"Thrombin deficiency"
] | B | The prothrombin time (PT) is prolonged in factor VII (FVII) deficiency and the international normalized ratio (INR) is elevated. The activated paial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is within the reference range in isolated factor VII deficiency. Prothrombin time (PT) is within reference range in von Willebrand disease. The ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following antigen is found within the nuclei of infected hepatocytes and not usually in the peripheral circulation in Hepatitis B' infection ? | [
"HBeAg",
"HBcAg",
"Anti-HBc",
"HBsAg"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements about carcinogenesis is false? | [
"Asbestos exposure increases the incidence of lung cancer",
"Papilloma viruses produce tumors in animals but not in humans",
"Exposure to aniline dyes predisposes to cancer of the urinary bladder",
"Hepatitis B virus has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e. papilloma viruses produce tumours in animals but not in human "Human papilloma virus is the most common etiological factor for cervical cancer."Carcinogens and associated Cancers or Neoplasms:CarcinogensAssociated cancer or neoplasm* Alkylating agentsAcute myelocytic leukemia bladder cancer* AndrogensP... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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