question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Which bony structure protects the middle meningeal artery? | [
"Nasion",
"Pterion",
"Bregma",
"Occiput"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pterion * The pterion is the region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid joined together It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple.* It is the junction between four bones:i) The parietal boneii) The squamous part of temporal boneiii) The greater wing of sphenoid bon... | train | med_mcqa | null |
50-year-old man presents to the speech therapist complaining of dryness of the mouth. The therapist performs a swallowing study and, on examination, finds that the man has a lack of salivary secretion from the submandibular gland. This indicates a lesion of which of the following nervous structures? | [
"Lingual nerve at its origin",
"Lesser petrosal nerve",
"Superior cervical ganglion",
"Chorda tympani in the middle ear cavity"
] | D | Chorda tympani nerve contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibres responsible for secretion of the submandibular gland. Lingual nerve at its origin is not yet joined by the chorda tympani. Superior cervical ganglion provides sympathetic fibres, which supply blood vessels in the submandibular gland. Lesser petrosal ner... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Seman's squeeze technique is used in treatment of:- | [
"Erectile dysfunction",
"Premature ejaculation",
"Retrograde ejaculation",
"Antegrade ejaculation"
] | B | Seman's squeeze technique is used in treatment of premature ejaculation Premature ejaculation - repeated ejaculation in less than 1 minute It is common among young men during first sexual encounters, and usually improves with increasing sexual experience. During orgasm phase of sexual cycle Treatment - SSRI's Clomipram... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Propofol infusion syndrome all except? | [
"Occurs with infusion of propofol for 48 hours or longer",
"Occurs in critically ill patients",
"Features are nausea and vomiting",
"Features are cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Features are nausea and vomiting Propofol infusion syndrome A lethal syndrome, associated with infusion of propofol for 48 hours or longer. Occurs in children and critically ill. Occurs as a result of failure of free fatty acid metabolism and failure of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Features ar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amplification of N myc is associated with which tumour ?- | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Retinoblastoma",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Neuroma"
] | A | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. N- MYC oncogene: mutated MYC gene due to amplification seen in neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma of lung.. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nephrotic syndrome is caused by all systemic disease EXCEPT | [
"Atherosclerosis",
"DM",
"SLE",
"Amyloidosis"
] | A | A. i.e. (Atherosclerosis) (1790-HI7th) (684 - harsh Mohan 5th)NEPHROTIC SYNDROME - presents with heavy proteinuria minimal hematuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, edema and hypertensionCauses of nephrotic syndrome1. Primary Glomerulonephritis2. Systemic disease3. Systemic Infections1. Minimal change disease (... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The antihypeensive which cause decrease libido and impoance is | [
"Atenolol",
"Enalapril",
"Prazosin",
"Diltiazem"
] | A | Diabetics have a maximum risk of causing sexual dysfunction followed by beta blockers Atenolol ,metaprolol and Carvedilol have high risk whereas nevibolol has maximum risk of erectile dysfunction ACE inhibitors decrease the risk Refer kDT 6/e p139 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nowadays Down syndrome is referred to as. | [
"Submental disorder",
"Oligophrenia",
"Madness",
"Mentally unstable"
] | A | Answer: A - Submental disorder Majority of children with Down syndrome function in mild to moderate range of mental retardation.Down syndrome / Trisomy 21 -A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or pa of the third copy of chromosome 21.Typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial fe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In mitral valve prolapse, the histological finding is: | [
"Hyalinization of the valve",
"Fibrinoid necrosis",
"Myxomatous degeneration of the valve",
"None of the above"
] | C | MVP, also variously termed the systolic click murmur syndrome, Barlow's syndrome, floppy-valve syndrome, is a relatively common, but highly variable clinical syndrome resulting from diverse pathogenic mechanism of the mitral valve apparatus. Among these are excessive or redundant mitral leaflet tissue, which is commonl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following muscles is not a derivative of mesoderm? | [
"Skeletal muscles",
"Smooth muscles",
"Cardiac myocyte",
"Dilators of pupil"
] | D | Ans. d. Dilators of pupil (Ref: Parson 20/e p5, Grays inatomy 40/e p702; Longman's Medical Embryology 11/e p337)Smooth muscles of iris (constrictorQ and dilator pupillaeQ) are derivative of neural ectoderm.Smooth muscles of iris (constrictorQ and dilator pupillaeQ)The sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles of the iris ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following can deliver 90% oxygen? | [
"Venturi mask",
"Rebreathing O2 mask",
"Nasal prongs",
"Non-rebreathing mask with O2reservoir bag"
] | B | Non rebreathing masks: Can deliver upto 80% of oxygen. Rebreathing mask: When tightly fit, they can provide 100%oxygen.(Refer: Morgan's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 4th edition, pg no: 38-40) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following carries the least risk of Colonic malignancy | [
"Familial adenomatous polyposis",
"Gardner's syndrome",
"Villous adenoma",
"Peutz-Jeghers syndrome"
] | D | PEUTZ-JEGHER’S POLYP
It is common in the small intestine (jejunum) but can also occur in the large intestine.
Features are multiple, familial, hamartomatous intestinal polyps.
Associated with melanosis of the oral mucosa, lips (lower lip) and occasionally digits (not in tongue).
Microscopically it contains tree-like ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following radioisotopes is commonly used as a source for external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients – | [
"Strontium–89",
"Radium–226",
"Cobalt–59",
"Cobalt–60"
] | D | Cobalt - 60 and Cesium - 137 are most commonly used radioisotopes for teletherapy (External beam radiation). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not true regarding delusional disorder | [
"Social isolation",
"Occurs at early age",
"Sensory impairment",
"Recent immigration"
] | B | Risk factors of delusional disorder:- * Advancing age * Sensory loss * Recent immigration * Social isolation * Family history * Personality traits Ref:- Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry 10th edition; Pg num:- 432 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug used for hypertension and pulmonary edema due to scorpion sting: | [
"Prazosin",
"Clonidine",
"Furosemide",
"Mannitol"
] | A | Ans. (A) Prazosin(Ref: Harrison 20th/e p3329)Scorpion sting is a dreadful medical emergency.Scorpion stings cause a wide range of symptoms, from severe local reactions to cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological manifestations.Alpha-receptors play vital role in the pathogenesis of cardiac failure and pulmonary edem... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements about clonidine are true EXCEPT: | [
"It is an α–adrenergic agonist",
"It can cause dry mouth as an adverse effect",
"Prazosin completely antagonizes it's action",
"It inhibits sympathetic outflow."
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient presents with recurrent duodenal ulcer of 2.5 cm size,the procedure of choice - | [
"Truncal vagotomy and antrectomy",
"Truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy",
"Highly selective vagotomy",
"Laparoscopic vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy"
] | A | This question is basically irrelevant in the first place itself as recurrences are very uncommon in the present era and if occur can be very effectively treated with antibiotics and anti-secretory drugs. Here in this question, it's not mentioned whether the recurrence is after an acid-reducing operation or simply after... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Instrument used in internal fixation of small bones as well as in Ilizarov's technique? | [
"Bohler's stirrup",
"Kuntscher's nail",
"Steinmann's pin",
"Kirschner's wire"
] | D | Kirschner wires are sterile, sharp, smooth stainless steel pins, introduced in 1990 by Main kirschner. Diameter : 0.9 to 1.5 mm range. Uses of Kirschner wires: 1. Used in fixation of fractures of small bones and fractures in childrens 2. Used in Ilizarove method for fixation of the Ring. 3. Used in giving Tractions aft... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lemon sign is seen in : | [
"Spina bifida",
"Anencephaly",
"Agenesis of corpus callosum",
"Cystic hygroma"
] | A | Spina bifida is a defect in the neural arch,which results in exposure of the contents of the neural canal. Most of them are seen in lumbosacral region.They may be open and closed. Banana sign: Compression or flattening of the posterior cerebellar surface. Lemon sign: Concave deformity of the frontal bones. Both above b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ETHER DAY is celebrated on | [
"20-Oct",
"16-Oct",
"20-Nov",
"16-Nov"
] | B | Ether Day," Friday 16 October 1846 marks the first successful demonstration of the inhalation of ether vapour as a means of overcoming pain of surgery by the dentist William Thomas Green Moon Ref ganong's review of medical physiology 25e 561 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Based on the perimtery result print-out, what is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"Retinitis pigmentosa",
"Open angle glaucoma",
"Pituitary adenoma",
"Temporal lobe infarct"
] | B | Ans. (b) Open angle glaucomaRef: Shields 6/e, p. 107Arcuate scotoma or Bjerrum scotoma is seen in the gray scale print out - thus a case of open angle glaucoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Botulism is a disease of: - | [
"Neural transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum",
"Muscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum",
"Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum",
"Non neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of ... | C | Neuromuscular transmission caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum leads to botulism. C. botulinum produces powerful neurotoxin 'botulinum toxin'(BT). Botulinum toxin is absorbed from the gut, enters the blood circulation, and binds to receptors of presynaptic membranes of motor neurons of PNS and cr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Theory of web of causation was given by | [
"Mc Mohan and Pugh",
"Petfenkoffer",
"John snow",
"Louis Pasteur"
] | A | Theory of web of causation was proposed by MacMahon and Pugh in their book: "Epidemiological Principles and Methods". Web of causation considers all the predisposing factors of any type and their complex inter-relationship with each other. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition; Page 34 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Critical limb ischemia occurs when the ankle brachial index falls to below | [
"0.3",
"0.5",
"0.9",
"1"
] | A | Ankle Brachial Index ABI= Systolic BP at the ankle/systolic BP in the arms Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg is an indication of blocked aeries (peripheral vascular disease) ABI is calculated by dividing the systolic blood pressure at the ankle by the systolic blood pressures in the arm ABI is calcul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Organophosphate sacked by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Which type of enzyme inhibitors are they | [
"Competitive and reversible",
"Non competitive and Irreversible",
"Uncompetitive and reversible",
"Competitive and Irreversible"
] | B | Refer Goodman and Gilman 12e 242, Katzung 12e p106 Both organophosphates and Karbonn its cause competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by binding to estaratic site. However organophosphates are Irreversible and most carbamates(except carbamyl and propoxures) are reversible inhibitors. Thus the type of inhibition... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Psychosurgery is indicated in- | [
"Schizophrenia",
"Conduct disorder",
"Generalized anxiety disorder",
"OCD"
] | D | Ans. is 'd'i.e., OCDo Phototherapy is primarily indicated in the treatment of seasonal depressions.o In addition to seasonal depression, the other major indication for phototherapy may be in sleep disorders.BIOLOGICAL THERAPYBiological therapy is a treatment designed to change the biological functioning of the body in ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ureteric colic characterized by all except - | [
"Acute onset",
"Stillness of the patient-",
"Responds to antispasmodics",
"Radiates to the groin"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amyloidosis most commonly affects - | [
"Liver",
"Tongue",
"Colon",
"Hea"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hea Most common --> Kidney o Second most common --> Hea | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which of the following age group myelodysplastic syndrmome (MDS) are most common: | [
"10-Feb",
"15-20",
"5q",
">50"
] | D | Answer is D (> 50 years) Idiopathic MDS is a disease of the elderly. The mean age of onset is 68 years. Myelodysplastic Syndromes (Disease of the elderly with mean onset > 68 years) Heterogenous group of haematological disorder Characterized by - Peripheral blood cytopenias - Trilineage dysplastic changes - Hypercellul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Epigenetics is ? | [
"Alteration in nucleotide sequence",
"Alteration in chromosome number",
"Alteration in gene expression",
"Alteration in chromosome size"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Alteration in gene expression Epigenetics is a heritable change in the level of gene expression, not caused by changes in DNA sequence. It includes changes like Histone modification or DNA methylation | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 10 year old male gives history of fracture in the elbow region 3 years back, now presents with tingling sensation and numbness in little finger, probable fracture is | [
"Suprocondylar humerus fracture",
"Lateral condyl humerus fracture",
"Elbow dislocation",
"Pulled elbow"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Scar carcinoma of lung is seen most commonly following - | [
"Tuberculosis",
"Irradiation",
"Infarct",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tuberculosis; 'b' i.e., Irradiation & 'c' i.e., Infarct Scar Ca seen after --> Old infarcts, metallic foreign bodies, wounds, granulomatous infection such as T.B. These carcinomas are usually Adenocarcinomas | train | med_mcqa | null |
Increase in cardiac output seen in pregnancy is:March 2010 | [
"10%",
"20%",
"30%",
"40%"
] | D | Ans. D: 40%The cardiac output stas to increase from 5t1 week of pregnancy and reaches its peak 40-50% at about 30-34 weeks. Cardiac output increase fuher during labour (+50%) and immediately following delivery (+70%) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are cholinergic effects except:September 2009 | [
"Tachycardia",
"Salivation",
"Miosis",
"Bronchoconstriction"
] | A | Ans. A: TachycardiaEffects of parasympathetic activity:Contraction:- Ciliary muscle,Sphincter muscle of iris- Bronchial muscle- Gall bladder- Detrusor muscle of bladderRelaxation:- Sphincters of stomach, intestines and bladderDecreases:- Hea rate, Contractility and conduction velocityIncreases:- Motility of stomach and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acronym "COWS" is used for? | [
"Fistula test",
"Kobrak test",
"Bithermal caloric test",
"Cold-air caloric test"
] | C | ANSWER: (C) Bithermal caloric testREF: Dhingra 4th ed page 43FITZGERALD-H ALLPIKE TEST (BITHERMAL CALORIC TEST).In this test, patient lies supine with head tilted 30" forward so that horizontal canal is vertical. Ears are irrigated for 40 seconds alternately with water at 30degC and at 44"C (i.e. 7deg below and above n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about antigen drift- | [
"Causes pandemic",
"Occurs due to mutation",
"Occurs more frequently",
"Affected by previous antibodies"
] | A | Antigenic shift (not drift) is responsible for pandemic.
Antigenic drift occurs due to point mutation.
Antigenic drift occurs more frequently (2-3 years) than antigenic shift (10-15 years).
Antigenic drift is influenced by the presence of antibodies to the predecessor strains in the host population. | train | med_mcqa | null |
MAC stands for | [
"Minimum alveolar concentration",
"Minimal analgesic concentration",
"Minimal anaesthetic concentration",
"Maximum alveolar concentration"
] | A | Minimum alveolar concentration is defined as the alveolar concentration of an inhaled anesthetic agent that prevents movement in 50% of patients in response to a standardized surgical stimulus. Low MAC - High potency MAC values of adult Halothane: 0.75 Sevoflurane: 2.0 Isoflurane: 1.2 Desflurane: 6.0 Enflurane: 1.7 Xen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fat is maximum synthesized in | [
"Liver",
"Adipose tissue",
"Intestine",
"Muscle"
] | A | Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an impoant pa of the lipogenesis process, which - together with glycolysis - stands behind creating fats from blood sugar in living organisms.De Novo Synthesis in H... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 78-year-old man is brought to the hospital because of persistent nausea and vomiting. On examination he appears dry, his abdomen is soft, and the JVP is not visible. Laboratory investigations reveal hypernatremia (158 mEq/L) and his calculated free water deficit is approximately 3 L. What segment of the normal kidney... | [
"collecting ducts",
"proximal tubule",
"distal tubule",
"ascending loop of Henle"
] | B | The largest volume of water is reabsorbed in the nephron at the proximal convolution. Maximally concentrated urine depends on ADH, which allows distal convoluted tubes and collecting ducts to become permeable to water. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Juvenile huntington's disease is marked by- | [
"Chorea",
"Athetosis",
"Tremors",
"Tics"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about clostridium difficile is: | [
"Gram negative",
"Obligatory aerobic",
"Spore forming cocci",
"None of the above is true"
] | D | C. difficile: 1. Gram positive 2. Obligately anaerobic 3. Spore-forming bacillus (spores are found widely in nature) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Poal triad is not formed by | [
"Hepatic aery",
"Poal vein",
"Bile duct",
"Hepatic vein"
] | D | Poal triad relation CBD laterally Poal vein posteriorly Hepatic aery medially Mickey mouse view: Ultrasound image of hepatic aery, bile duct and poal vein is in a configuration, referred as Mickey Mouse View Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1421-1422 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna is under which of the following Ministries? | [
"Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment",
"Ministry of Labour & Employment",
"Ministry of Health & Family Welfare",
"Ministry of Human Resource Development"
] | C | Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna is a government-run health insurance programme for the poor. The scheme aims to provide health insurance coverage to the unrecognised sector workers belonging to the BPL category and their family members shall be beneficiaries under this scheme.Initially, RSBY was a project under the Minis... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following condition of GB is precancerous | [
"Cholesterosis",
"Porcelain gall bladder",
"Biliary atresia",
"Choledochal cyst"
] | B | Porcelain gallbladder is the pattern when the gallbladder wall is calcified and cracks like an egg-shell. Porcelain gallbladdder is paicularly likely to become cancerous. Risk factors for ca gallbladder includes: 1. Gallstones 2. Genetic factors. 3.carcinogen in bile acids 4.calcificatiin of gall bladder (porcelain gal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What can a mother benefit from breastfeeding? | [
"Breastfeeding mothers would lose weight rapidly.",
"Breastfeeding is a 100% effective contraceptive method because of lactational amenorrhea method.",
"Breastfeeding mothers can teach the fathers how to breastfeed so they can enjoy feeding time.",
"Breastfeeding prevents breast cancer."
] | D | D: Woman who breastfeeds reduces her chance of acquiring breast cancer.
A: This is not true; women still need a balanced diet during breastfeeding and therefore should eat more.
B: Some breastfeeding women are already ovulating four weeks after giving birth, some even during breastfeeding.
C: The father can find other ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are predisposing causes of cerebral venous thrombosis except: | [
"Hypotension",
"Oral contraceptives",
"Pregnancy",
"Aplastic anemia"
] | D | Ans. (d) Aplastic anemia* Hypercoagulable states are associated with Cerebral vein thrombosis* Aplastic anemia is not associated with hypercoagulability | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Stary sky" appearance is seen in - | [
"Burkitt's lymphoma",
"Mantle cell lymphoma",
"Extra nodal marginal Zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type",
"Chronic myeloid leukemia"
] | A | The tumor consists of sheets of a monotonous (i.e. similar in size and morphology) population of medium-sized lymphoid cells with high proliferative activity and apoptotic activity. The "starry sky" appearance seen under low power is due to scattered tingible body-laden macrophages (macrophages containing dead apoptoti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Scholastic performance is impaired in all of the following, except : | [
"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)",
"Specific Learning Disability (SLD)",
"Anxiety",
"PICA"
] | D | Pica is a psychological disorder characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non - nutritive, such as ice (pagophagia) ; hair (trichophagia) ; paper (xylophagia) ; drywall or paint ; metal (metallophagia) ; stones (lithophagia) or soil (geophagia) ; glass (hyalophagia) ; faeces (coprophagia) ; and chal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Transverse ligament of atlas is pa of : | [
"Cruciate ligament",
"Ligament flava",
"Anterior longitudinal ligament",
"Posterior longitudinal ligament"
] | A | A i.e. Cruciate ligament - Cruciform or cruciate ligament is a pa of transverse atlantal ligamentQ- Accessory ligaments, connecting the axis to the occipital bone (and by passing atlas) consists of - membrana tectoria, median apical ligament, paired alar ligaments, and longitudinal component of cruciform ligatnentQ.- T... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 3 months old male infant developed otitis media for which he was given a course of Co-trimoxazole. A few days later, he developed extensive peeling of the skin; there were no mucosal lesions and the baby was not toxic. The most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Toxic epidermal necrolysis",
"Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome",
"Steven Johnsom syndrome",
"Infantile pemphigus"
] | B | B i.e. Staphyloccocal Scalded Skin Syndrome - SJS and TEN are most severe form of EM and so may show atypical target lesions. TEN is caused by phenytoin, penicillin & sulfa drugsQ but there is no risk with aspirin & sulfonyl ureaQ. | train | med_mcqa | null |
If the mucosa was accidentally opened at operation (Ramstedt) it is wise not to feed the child orally for - | [
"12 Hours",
"24 Hours",
"48 Hours",
"1 week"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 24 Hours Maingot's writes - "The overlying duodenal mucosa is firmly adherent to the muscle layer and is torn easily if the splitting procedure is carried too far distally. A duodenal perforation is not a catastrophe unless it remains unrecognized. Injecting air into the stomach and squeezing it throu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Left supra-renal vein is tributary of | [
"Renal vein",
"IVC",
"Superior mesenteric vein",
"Inferior mesenteric vein"
] | A | Ans. a (Renal vein). (Ref. BD Chaurasia Human Anatomy Vol. II 3rd ed. 274)# Each adrenal has three arteries supplying it, superior supra-renal artery--a branch of inferior phrenic, middle suprarenal--a branch of abdominal aorta and inferior supra-renal artery--a branch of renal artery# Each gland has one vein, right dr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"8 stages of psychosocial development" were given by | [
"Sigmond Freud",
"Carl Jung",
"Erik erikson",
"Roger Sperry"
] | C | Erik erikson gave 8 stages of psychosocial / personality development where an individual experience psychological conflict in each stage.
Roger Sperry: Gave concept of "Split - brain". | train | med_mcqa | null |
All can be used for systemic fungal infections except : | [
"Ketoconazole",
"Fluconazole",
"Amphotericin B",
"Griseofulvin"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Management of desmoid tumor is? | [
"Local excision",
"Wide excision",
"Radiotherapy",
"Growth inhibitors"
] | B | Wide excision REF: Devita 8th ed chapter 45 Aggressive fibromatosis is a rare condition marked by the presence of desmoid tumors, which are benign, slow-growing tumors without any metastaticpotential. However, Aggressive Fibromatosis is locally aggressive. Despite their benign nature, they can damage nearby structures ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An adult old man gets burn injury to his hands .over few weeks .the burner skin heals without the need for skin grafting . The most impoant critical factor responsible for rapid healing in this case is | [
"Remnant skin appendages",
"Underlying connective tissue",
"Minimal Prema and erythema",
"Granulation tissue"
] | A | ref baley and love 23/e p189 Burn wounds of the skin result in a rupture of the cutaneous barrier that can have serious consequences such as loss of proteins and body fluids, infection, and death (Figure 65.1). Moreover, chronic wounds or improper scarring and the development of skin cancers (Owens and Watt, 2003; Pere... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dysphagia lusoria is due to- | [
"Compression of esophagus by the arch of aorta",
"Compression by the aberrant right subclavian artery",
"Compression by mediastinal thymoma",
"Compression by retrosternal thyroid"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Compression by the aberrant right subclavian artery Dysphagia lusoriao Dysphagia lusoria is an impairment of swallowing due to compression from an aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria).Clinical presentationo Most patients with aberrant right subclavian arteries do not have symptoms. Some ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about death by strangulation except | [
"Dribbling of saliva down the chin",
"bleeding from nose is a feature",
"Hyoid fracture is common",
"Fracture dislocation of cervical veebrae is rare"
] | A | Dribbling of saliva is rare in strangulation, it is found in antemoem hanging due to the increased salivation before death due to the stimulation of the salivary gland by the ligature. Ref: The synopsis of forensic medicine & Toxicology 28th edition pg: 180 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mytonic dystrophy is due to- | [
"Expansion in coding region",
"CAG triple nucleotide repeat mutation",
"CTG triple nucleotide repeat mutation",
"Involves chromosome 15"
] | C | Answer-C. CTG triple nucleotide repeat mutationMyotonic dystrophy is associated with a trinucleotide CTG repeat expansion on chromosome 19.This expansion affects the mRNA for the dystrophila myotonia protein kinase (DMPK).Triple nucleotide repeat mutations Normally, a codon is triplet (trinucleotide) (e.g. for CGG it i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient presents with neck swelling and respiratory distress few hours after a thyroidectomy surgery. Next management would be - | [
"Open immediatly",
"Trecheostomy",
"Wait and watch",
"Oxygen by mask"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The pulmonary function test done on this patient of asthma would be | [
"Non-infarmative",
"Obstructive pattern",
"Restrictive pattern",
"Destructive pattern"
] | B | The patient is having atopic asthma.Pulmonary function tests in asthma show an obstructive pattern with reduced FEV1,FEV1/FVC ratio.Reversibility is demonstrated by a >12% and 200 ml increase in FEV1 15 minutes after an inhaled sho acting beta2 agonist or in some patients by a 2 to 4 week trial of oral coicosteroids. R... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about rickets except:March 2010 | [
"Craniotabes",
"Rachitic rosary",
"knock-knees",
"Hypeonia"
] | D | Ans. D: HypeoniaThe history in patients with rickets may include the following:Generalized muscular hypotonia of an unknown mechanism is observed in most patients with clinical (as opposed to biochemical and radiographic) signs of rickets.Craniotabes manifests early in infants with vitamin D deficiency, although this f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Retinoblastoma gene is located on: | [
"Chromosome 5",
"Chromosome 8",
"Chromosome 13",
"Chromosome 16"
] | C | c. Chromosome 13(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2476-2478, Ghai 8/e 614-615)Retinoblastoma (RB) geneIt is located on chr 13q14; its mutation or deletion is responsible for hereditary form of RetinoblastomaIt encodes the retinoblastoma protein, a tumor suppressor protein that controls cell-cycle phase transition and has roles in ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acoustic neuroma causes - | [
"Cochlear deafness",
"Retrocochlear deafness",
"Conductive deafness",
"None of the above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Retrocochlear deafness o The clinical features depend on the extent of tumor and involved structureWhen tumor is still confined to the internal auditory canalCochleovestibular symptoms are the earliest symptoms of acoustic neuroma when tumour is still confined to internal auditory canal. The commonest... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following can develop into lung cancer | [
"Silicosis",
"Asbestosis",
"Byssinosis",
"Anthracosis"
] | B | Direct lines.. “In contrast to other inorganic dusts, asbestos an also act as a tumour initiator and promoter”. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Corynebacterium diphtheria | [
"Deep invasion is not seen",
"Elek’s test is done for toxigenicity",
"Metachromatic granules are seen",
"Toxigenicity is mediated by chromosomal change"
] | D | • Diphtheria acts by its toxin and invasion is not seen.
• Elekc gel precipitation test is done for determination of pathogenicity of diphtheria.
• Metachromatic granules are seen also called as Babes earnest granules. Bacteriophages (extra-chromosomal) are responsible for toxigenicity by phage conversion. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nephelometry measures the light? | [
"Absorbed",
"transmitted",
"Scattered",
"Refracted"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., ScatteredWhen paicles are suspended in a solution in a cuvette, they make the solution unclear (turbid). Nephelometry is concerned with measurement of scattered light from a cuvette containing suspended paicles in a dilute solution.The components of a nephelometer are the same as a light spectrophotom... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bertillon System is for | [
"Anthropometry",
"Dactylography",
"Dentition",
"Nuclear Sexing"
] | A | Bertillon's System : After 21 years
Anthropometric system based on physical measurement of specified parts of the body
Ref - Naryana Reddy, pg. 85. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Highest incidence of anemia in the tropics is due to - | [
"Hookworm",
"Thread worm",
"Ascaris",
"Guinea worm"
] | A | Option 1 Chronic hookworm infection with heavy worm load: In the intestine, adult worms attach to intestinal villi with their buccal teeth and feed on blood and tissue with the aid of anticoagulants. A few hundred worms in the intestine can cause hookworm disease, which is characterized by severe anemia and iron defici... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dose of acute radiation causing permanent sterility in males is | [
"0.15Sv",
"2.5Sv",
"3.5Sv",
"5Sv"
] | C | Estimated Threshold Doses for Acute Radiation Effects on Specific OrgansHealth EffectOrganDose Temporary sterilityTestes0.15Depression of hematopoiesisBone marrow0.5Reversible skin effects (e.g., erythema)Skin1-2Permanent sterilityOvaries2.5-6Temporary hair lossSkin3-5Permanent sterilityTestes3.5CataractLens of eye5Ref... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Marker of small cell cancer of lung is: | [
"Chromogranin",
"Cytokeratin",
"Desmin",
"Vimentin"
] | A | Ans. (a) Chromogranin(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 717)Electron microscopy of Small cell Carcinoma lung: dense- core neurosecretory granules Q releasing neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin Q, synaptophysin Q, and CD57 Q, parathormone-related protein Q | train | med_mcqa | null |
Main objective of Tweed's analysis: | [
"Determination of the position of lower incisors and evaluation of prognosis of a case.",
"Profile of an individual",
"Relationship between maxillary central and mandibular central incisors",
"The position of maxilla and mandible to each other"
] | A | The main objective of Tweed's analysis includes the determination of the position of lower incisor and evaluation of the prognosis of a case. The angles in Tweed's analysis are FMIA, IMPA and FMPA.
Incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) is the angle between long axis of lower incisor with the mandibular plane. The mean ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24 years old primigravida wt = 57 kg, Hb 11.0 gm % visits an antenatal clinic during 2nd trimester of pregnancy seeking advice on dietary intake. She should be advised - | [
"Additional intake of 300 K. Cal",
"Additional intake of 500 K. Cal",
"Additional intake of 650 K. Cal",
"No extra K. Cal"
] | A | - the energy requirements of women are increased during pregnancy and lactation. - additional 350kcal daily is needed during pregnancy. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:633 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about treatment of hemorrhoids | [
"Band ligation",
"5% phenol in almond oil is used as sclerosant",
"May be resolved by diet modification",
"Hemorrhoidectomy is TOC"
] | A | Treatment of haemorrhoids # Symptomatic - advice about defaecatory habits, stool softeners and bulking agents # Injection of sclerosant # Banding # Haemorrhoidectomy Ref: Bailey & Love&;s Sho Practice of Surgery,E25,Page-12587 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true during the 12-hour period preceding ovulation? | [
"A surge of LH is secreted from the pituitary",
"The surge occurs immediately after the formation of the corpus luteum",
"The surge is followed immediately by a fall in the plasma concentration of progesterone",
"The number of developing follicles is increasing"
] | A | Ovulation will not take place unless a surge of LH precedes it. Immediately prior to ovulation, the number of follicles is decreasing due to normal attrition of all but one follicle, and consequently estrogen synthesis by the ovary is decreasing. Progesterone synthesis is stimulated by the LH surge. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an early adverse effect of methotrexate? | [
"Hepatic fibrosis",
"Myelosupression",
"Nausea",
"Stomatitis"
] | A | Methotrexate (Mtx) It is one of the oldest and highly efficacious antineoplastic drugs; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFRase)-blocking the conversion of dihydrofolic acid (DHFA) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) which is an essential coenzyme required for one carbon transfer reactions in de novo purine synthesis and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enzymes used in DNA research programme are except: | [
"Polymerase",
"Exonuclease",
"Nuclease",
"None"
] | D | D i.e. None Enzymes used in recombination DNA technology are nuclease (BAL-31, S1), exonuclease (III, A), endonuclease (restriction), DNase I, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase) Q, polynucleotide kinase, terminal transferase and alkaline phosphatase (not acid phosphatase)... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about Achondroplasia except | [
"Antosomal dominant",
"Acral osteolysis",
"Trident hand",
"Champaigne glass pelvis"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which structure is preserved during modified radical neck dissection? | [
"Phrenic nerve",
"Submandibular gland",
"Sternocleidomastoid",
"Thoracic duct"
] | C | Sternocleidomastoid muscle is preserved during modified radical neck dissection. Radical Neck Dissection Modified Radical Neck Dissection Removal of lymph nodes I-V + spinal accessory nerve + internal jugular vein + sternocleidomastoid muscleQ Removal of level I-V lymph nodes with (Mnemonic: SISm): Type I: preserves on... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the best choice to evaluate radiologically a posterior fossa tumor? | [
"CT scan",
"MRI",
"Angiography",
"Myelography"
] | B | MRI is the investigation of choice for all brain tumors. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following contains highest protein content? | [
"Triglycerides",
"HDL",
"LDL",
"VLDL"
] | B | Ans. b (HDL). (Ref. Harper, Biochemistry, 25th ed., 268)PROPERTIES OF PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS LipoproteinMajor lipidElectrophoretic mobilityMajor apoproteinsProtein content1ChylomicronTriglycerideNoneB-48, A-I, IV-2Very low density (VLDL)TriglyceridePre-betaB-100, E, C-I, II, III-3intermediateTriglyceride & density (IDL)ch... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Electron microscopy is diagnostic in | [
"Good pasture's syndrome",
"Wegener's granulomatosis",
"PAN",
"Alpo's syndrome"
] | A | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Biological marker for antisocial behavior in boys:- | [
"Low serum testosterone",
"Low resting pulse rate",
"Increased urinary dopamine levels",
"Shoened REM latency"
] | B | Low hea rate have association with antisocial behavior | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ebstein anamoly is caused by usage of wof | [
"Phenytoin",
"Lithium",
"Warfarin",
"Enalapril"
] | B | Lithium In take by mother during pregnancy leads to Ebstein anomaly in fetus. Teratogenicity It refers to the capacity of a drug to cause foetal abnormalities when administered to the pregnant mother. The placenta does not constitute a strict barrier, and any drug can cross it to a greater or lesser extent. The embryo ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bias can be eliminated by all except- | [
"Matching",
"Blinding",
"Randomization",
"Multivariate analysis"
] | D | Bias may arise due to errors of assessment of the outcome due to the human element. 3 sources: subject variation, observer bias, bias in evaluation. Selection bias: cases and controls may not be representative of cases and controls in population. There may be a systemic difference in characteristic between cases and co... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 year old woman presented with a 8 month history of erythema and swelling of the periorbital region & papules & plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of forearms & knuckles with ragged cuticles. There was no muscle weakness. The most likely diagnosis is: | [
"SLE",
"Dermatomyositis",
"Systemic sclerosis",
"Mixed connective tissue disorder"
] | B | B i.e. Dermatomyositis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enzyme defect tested in Guthrie's test? | [
"Phenyl alanine hydroxylase",
"Tyrosine transaminase",
"p- Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase",
"Homogentisate oxidase"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Phenyl alanine hydroxylase* Guthrie's test is done to detect Phenylketonuria. Phenylketonuria is caused by a defect of phenylalanine hydroxylase.* It was devised by Dr Robert Guthrie after the birth of his own child with PKU.* It is based on the fact that an organism Bacillus subtilis needs phenyl ket... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Injury to which of the following nerve in the diagram, may affect respiratory movements: | [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | A | Injury to phrenic nerve (marker 'A') compromises diaphragm (and respiratory movements). Phrenic nerve ('A') is identified running anterior to scalenus anterior muscle option B - Sympathetic chain option C - Vagus nerve option D - Recurrent laryngeal nerve | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following epithelium is seen in all except: | [
"Urinary bladder",
"Membranous Urethra",
"Ureters",
"Minor calyx"
] | B | Ans. B. Membranous UrethraImage shows transitional epitheliumThe lining epithelium of the membranous urethra is pseudostratified columnar epithelium | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mantle cell lymphoma shows- | [
"CD5 +, CD25",
"CD 5 +, CD 10 +",
"CD 5+, CD23+",
"CD 5+, CD 23 -"
] | D | Mantle cell lymphoma is usually CD5+ and CD23 - . This helps to distinguish it from CLL /SLL. Reference : Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease.South Asia Edition volume 1.page no. 603 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following statements, concerning persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is not true ?a) It is generally unilateralb) Visual prognosis is usually goodc) It may calcifyd) It is most easily differentiated from retinoblastoma by the presence of exophthalmos or cataract | [
"abc",
"bcd",
"ac",
"bd"
] | B | PHPV is almost always (90%) unilateral.
Visual prognosis is bad as neither conservative treatment nor surgery can improve visual acuity.
There is no calcification, which is a differentiating feature from retinoblastoma.
PHPV can be differentiated from retinoblastoma by presence of cataract in PHPV but not by exophthalm... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The thickness of the cornea is best detected by- | [
"Keratometry",
"Pachymetry",
"Placido disc",
"Tonometry"
] | B | Ans. (b) PachymetryRef: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. 195-96, Khurana 4th ed./89* Corneal thickness is measured by the method known as pachymetry. Normal corneal thickness is around (0.52 mm - 0.7 mm) 500 - 700 pm.Also Know* PLACIDO DISC- for corneal surface* Keratometry- Corneal curvature* Tonometry- for IOP | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following vascular lesions has the LEAST clinical significant | [
"Monckeberg's medial calcification",
"Hyaline aeriolosclerosis",
"Hyperplastic aeriolosclerosis",
"Glomus tumor"
] | A | Monckeberg&;s medial calcification has the least clinical significance. It represents dystrophic calcification (often visible on x-ray) in the media of muscular aeries. Luminal occlusion does not occur.Aeriolosclerosis is a subclass of aeriosclerosis that primarily involves the aerioles. Hyperplastic aeriolosclerosis i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best study is - | [
"Case-control study",
"Cohort study",
"Meta-analysis",
"RCT"
] | C | Ans-C Meta-analysiso Here are the different epidemiological studies with decreasing order of accuracy to test the association between risk factor and disease : -1. Systematic review and meta-analysis -->> Overall most reliable2. Randomized controlled trials (controlled clinical trails) - Most reliable individual study.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Middle Ear Function is | [
"Impendence matching",
"Frequency discrimination",
"Intensity Discrimination",
"Speech Localization"
] | A | Middle ear functions: Conduct the sound from outer ear to inner ear Middle ear muscles provide protection from loud sound It serves as an acoustic transformer to match the impedance of air to the much higher impedance of cochlear fluids Couples sound preferably to only one window of cochlea, thus producing differential... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Causative factor acne are following except: | [
"Androgen",
"Oily food",
"Bacterial proliferation",
"Hypercornification of duct"
] | B | Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units, skin structures consisting of a hair follicle and its associated sebaceous gland Major factors are involved in the pathogenesis: - Hormonal factors (| androgens, Insulin resistance, Insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1) - | IL-1a activity - | Lenoleic acid - I... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Specific test for gout is: | [
"Raised serum uric acid level",
"Raised uric acid in synol fluid of joint",
"Raised urea level",
"Raised urease enzyme level"
] | B | B i.e. Raised uric acid in synol fluid of joint - Gout is a metabolic disorder of purine catabolismQ, and characterized by high level of uric acid in the blood . Uric acid is end product of purine catabolismQ - Pyrimidine nucleotide unlike purine rings can be opened & degraded to highly water soluble structure like, p-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Metacarpophalangeal joint is coming under the following classification of joints: | [
"Plant joint",
"Condyloid joint",
"Ball and socket joint",
"Saddle shaped joint"
] | B | Metacarpophalangeal joint is a type of condyloid joint. These joints have two distinct convex surfaces that aiculate with two concave surfaces. The movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction are possible together with a small amount of rotation. Types of joints:Fibrous joints (e.g., Sutures of the vault ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In FPD retention is provided by: | [
"Cement",
"Parallel walls",
"Grooves",
"Proximal slice"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fecal contamination of water is evaluated by | [
"Klebsiella",
"E.coli",
"Proteus",
"Staphylococcus"
] | B | Coliforms are E. coli (faecal) and Klebsiella (non-faecal). E. coli is the most typical faecal coliform. They are chosen as the indicators of faecal pollution of water because, They are constantly present in abundance in the human intestine. They can be easily detected by culture methods. they tend to survive longer th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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