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Forrest David Mathews (born December 6, 1935) is an American politician who served as the 11th United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare during the administration of President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977. He also served two nonconsecutive terms as the president of the University of Alabama. In 1983, Mathews was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. He served as president and chief executive officer of the Kettering Foundation from 1981 to 2022. He is the author of several books on democratic practice and education.
Early life and education
Mathews was born and grew up in Grove Hill, Alabama. He attended the University of Alabama (AB in history and classical Greek, 1958) and Columbia University (PhD in history, 1965). Mathews was president of the University of Alabama from 1969 to 1975 and again from 1977 to 1980, an era of significant change and innovation. At age 33, Mathews was the university's youngest president. He presided over the integration of the university's football program under Hall of Fame coach Bear Bryant in 1971.
Political life
Mathews is one of only two surviving secretaries of the now defunct Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (the other is his successor, Joseph A. Califano, Jr.). While at HEW, he worked on restoring public confidence in government and reforming the regulatory system. At his swearing in as secretary of HEW, Gerald Ford said, "Mathews brings to this new mission the strength of youth, a sense of purpose, the skills of a scholar, and the trusted record of a successful leader and administrator. That is an impressive inventory by any standard."
Later life
Mathews served as longtime president and chief executive officer of the Kettering Foundation, a not-for-profit research foundation rooted in the American tradition of invention. Charles F. Kettering, best known for inventing the automobile self-starter, created the foundation in 1927. Gradually, the foundation expanded its focus to look beyond scientific solutions, recognizing that problems like world hunger are not technical problems, but rather political problems. In the 1970s, the foundation began to concentrate on democratic politics, particularly the role of citizens. Mathews was elected to the Kettering Foundation board of trustees in 1972, and became its president and CEO in 1981. He held the position for more than four decades, stepping down in April 2022.
Boards and foundations
Mathews serves on the board of a variety of organizations, including the Gerald R. Ford Foundation, National Issues Forums Institute, The Center for Citizenship, Community, and Democracy, and Public Agenda. He has received numerous awards, including a citation as one of the Ten Outstanding Young Men in the Nation (Ten Outstanding Young Americans), United States Jaycees (1969); member, Alabama Academy of Honor (1973); Nicholas Murray Butler Medal in Silver, Columbia University (1976); Educator of the Year, Alabama Conference of Black Mayors (1976); and the Brotherhood Award, National Conference of Christians and Jews (1979).
Awards
He was inducted into the University of Alabama College of Communication and Information Sciences Hall of Fame in 2004 and into the Alabama Healthcare Hall of Fame in 2006. In 2007, the Alabama Center for Civic Life was renamed in his honor as the David Mathews Center for Civic Life. He is the recipient of 17 honorary degrees.
Publications
Mathews has written extensively on such subjects as education, political theory, southern history, public policy, and international problem solving. His books include Why Public Schools? Whose Public Schools? (NewSouth Books, 2003); For Communities to Work (Kettering Foundation Press, 2002); Politics for People: Finding a Responsible Public Voice (University of Illinois Press, 1999); and Is There a Public for Public Schools? (Kettering Foundation Press, 1996); Reclaiming Public Education by Reclaiming Our Democracy (Kettering Foundation Press, 2006); and The Ecology of Democracy: Finding Ways to Have a Stronger Hand in Shaping Our Future (Kettering Foundation Press, 2014). His most recent books are With the People: An Introduction to an Idea (Kettering Foundation Press, 2020) and Together: Building Better, Stronger Communities (Kettering Foundation Press, forthcoming).
See also
Mathews v. Eldridge
References
External links
David Mathew's speeches and photographs during his time as president of The University of Alabama from University Libraries Division of Special Collections
|-
1935 births
Living people
People from Grove Hill, Alabama
University of Alabama alumni
Presidents of the University of Alabama
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
United States Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare
Ford administration cabinet members
20th-century American politicians
Alabama Independents |
Heathen is an American thrash metal band originating from the San Francisco Bay Area, active from 1984 to 1993 and again from 2001 onwards. Despite never achieving commercial success, the band is often credited – alongside Exodus, Testament, Forbidden, Death Angel and Vio-lence – as one of the leaders of the Bay Area thrash metal scene of the mid-to-late 1980s, and they have gone through several lineup changes, leaving guitarist Lee Altus as the only constant member. To date, Heathen has released four studio albums: Breaking the Silence (1987), Victims of Deception (1991), The Evolution of Chaos (2009) and Empire of the Blind (2020).
History
Early history (1984–1987)
Heathen was formed in 1984 by guitarist Lee Altus and drummer Carl Sacco (formerly of Metal Church), who later recruited lead vocalist Sam Kress and guitarist Jim Sanguinetti (who went on to found the band Mordred). Shortly after their first gig in 1985, Kress and Sanguinetti left the group and were replaced by vocalist David White (formerly of Blind Illusion) and guitarist Doug Piercy (formerly of Anvil Chorus and Control). The band also recruited bassist Eric Wong around this time. This lineup debuted in early 1986 and soon became prolific around the Bay Area. Their early style could be described as the aggression of thrash metal combined with NWOBHM-style vocals and arrangements, acoustic intros or outros, and fast-paced melodic shred solos.
Heathen's break came when they released their Pray For Death demo, which in 1987 resulted in their signing by Combat Records. Shortly after their signing Eric Wong left the band to join Piranha, and was replaced on bass by former Griffin guitarist Mike "Yaz" Jastremski.
Breaking the Silence (1987–1990)
Heathen's debut album Breaking the Silence was released in 1987. The album was well received critically and featured one very successful single, a cover of the 1970s glam rock band Sweet's song "Set Me Free". The song got some rock radio airplay and the video received rotation on MTV's Headbangers Ball. The band embarked on a tour in support of the album, which included a series of dates with Megadeth, King Diamond, Testament, Exodus, Savatage, Zoetrope, Dark Angel and Lizzy Borden, among others.
In 1988, Carl Sacco left due to musical differences. He was replaced by Darren Minter. Mike Jastremski left the band shortly after, and the band went through number of bassists and vocalists between 1988 and 1991. In 1989, David White left the band due to personal and musical differences. For a few months the late ex-Exodus vocalist Paul Baloff became the band's vocalist. They also briefly toured with late Metal Church vocalist David Wayne. In late 1988, Rick Weaver was recruited from The Dispossessed who had opened for the Midwest leg of the Heathen's national tour. He left amicably in 1989 citing creative differences, and White returned to Heathen later that year.
Victims of Deception and breakup (1991–1993)
In order to record their album Victims of Deception, Heathen recruited Blind Illusion mainman Marc Biedermann to play bass in the studio. The album was released in 1991 through Roadrunner Records. Victims of Deception was considerably more technical than Breaking the Silence, featuring odd time signatures, more complex riffs and songs, tempo and key changes, and longer song lengths, and is often described as progressive thrash metal, retaining little of the NWOBHM influence its predecessor had exhibited. It was also highly critically acclaimed, though it was not quite as commercially successful as Breaking the Silence. The band's cover of Rainbow's "Kill the King" and original ballad "Prisoners of Fate" were released as singles and had minor rock radio airplay. The band again toured in support of the album, notably touring Europe with Sepultura and Sacred Reich.
That year Heathen found a permanent bassist in Randy Laire and toured extensively until the untimely death of Laire and his girlfriend in a car accident. The band replaced him with Jason VieBrooks. Doug Piercy departed from the band in 1992 and was replaced by Ira Black. The band planned to record a covers EP dedicated to Laire and his girlfriend as well as White's deceased brother Jeffery, but the band went on hiatus in 1993.
Reunion (2001–2008)
Heathen reunited in 2001, its lineup comprising David White, Lee Altus, Ira Black, Mike Jastremski and Darren Minter, to play the Thrash of the Titans benefit concert to help Chuck Billy and Chuck Schuldiner raise funds for Billy's throat cancer treatment and Schuldiner's brain cancer treatment. The concert was a huge success, but in 2004, Jastremski left the band again, and was replaced by Ulysses Siren bassist Jon Torres. An EP, Recovered, was released on Relentless Metal Records, consisting of Victims of Deception-era demos and newly recorded cover songs. A new demo was released in August 2005, containing three new songs.
Heathen recruited Terry Lauderdale in 2005 to be the second guitarist in the group and toured across Europe. Also in 2005, Lee Altus joined Bay Area thrashers Exodus, but remained a member of Heathen. In November 2007, the band recruited Prototype guitarist Kragen Lum and Mark Hernandez to replace Darren Minter and Lauderdale. Minter returned to the band the following year.
The Evolution of Chaos (2009–2018)
The band released their first studio album in nearly two decades, The Evolution of Chaos, on King Records in Japan December 23, 2009, on Mascot Records in Europe January 25, 2010, and on Mascot Records USA in America in February 2010.
Heathen played at the Rock Hard Festival in Germany 2009 and later supported Testament, Exodus, and Kreator at Thrash Domination in Kawasaki, Japan. In support of The Evolution of Chaos, Heathen toured in April and May 2010 after having to cancel their planned March dates. In 2012, Heathen announced that they had signed a contract with Nuclear Blast Records for future albums. In the spring of 2013, the band announced the departure of longtime drummer Darren Minter. Former Evildead, Slayer and Testament drummer Jon Dette replaced him on the band's subsequent European tour.
Heathen took part in the European Thrashfest Classics 2011 European tour, also featuring Sepultura, Exodus, Destruction and Mortal Sin. The tour concluded in Vienna, Austria on December 18, 2011.
Empire of the Blind (2019–present)
On January 16, 2019, Heathen announced on their Facebook page that they had begun working on new material for their fourth studio album.
On February 26, 2020, Heathen uploaded a flyer on their Facebook page, revealing the artwork and Empire of the Blind as the title of their fourth album. This flyer was available at the merchandise table during the European Bay Strikes Back tour featuring Testament, Exodus and Death Angel. On June 26, 2020, Heathen released "The Blight" as the lead single from Empire of the Blind and announced that the album would be released on September 18. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the band had not been able to tour in support of Empire of the Blind for nearly two years. Heathen toured Europe in June with Toxik, and along with Exodus and Death Angel, they toured there through July and August by supporting Testament on the latter's Titans of Creation tour. The band also toured Europe in April 2023 with Overkill and Exhorder, and three bands toured together again in the U.S. in July of that year.
Shortly before the release of Empire of the Blind, guitarist Kragen Lum mentioned that Heathen could work on a fifth album in 2021: "Every band on the planet is gonna want a tour next year. I think it's going to be a logistical problem in terms of the number of venues and dates and tour buses available and crew available. It's gonna be a challenge because everybody's gonna want to go out. We're just gonna do the very best that we can, and, and like I said, stay positive and promote the record. And if for some reason next year it proves to be a challenge in terms of touring or it's limited, then we're gonna probably start working on another record. It takes us long enough; we better start the running now!!"
Members
Current members
Lee Altus – guitars (1984–1993, 2001–present)
David White – lead vocals (1985–1988, 1989–1993, 2001–present)
Kragen Lum – guitars, backing vocals (2007–present)
Jason Mirza – bass (2019–present)
Jim DeMaria – drums (2019–present)
Discography
Breaking the Silence (1987)
Victims of Deception (1991)
The Evolution of Chaos (2009)
Empire of the Blind (2020)
References
External links
Musical groups established in 1984
Musical groups from San Francisco
American speed metal musical groups
Musical groups disestablished in 1993
Musical groups reestablished in 2001
Thrash metal musical groups from California
Roadrunner Records artists
American musical quintets
Nuclear Blast artists |
Hvalsey Church (; ) was a Catholic church in the abandoned Greenlandic Norse settlement of Hvalsey (now modern-day Qaqortoq). The best preserved Norse ruins in Greenland, the church was also the location of the last written record of the Greenlandic Norse, a wedding in September 1408.
History
According to the sagas, the land around Hvalsey was claimed by Thorkell Farserk, a relative of Erik the Red. Christianity arrived in Greenland around the year 1000 and churches began to be built in the country. It is thought that Hvalsey Church was built in the early 14th century, but archaeological finds hint that this was not the first church in this site. The church is mentioned in several late medieval documents as one of the 10-14 parish churches in the Eastern Settlement.
The church hosted the wedding of Thorstein Olafsson and Sigrid Björnsdóttir on either 14 or 16 September 1408. The wedding was mentioned in letters from a priest at Garðar and by several Icelanders, and is the last written record of the Greenlandic Norse. The married couple later settled in Olafsson's native Iceland.
According to Inuit legend, there was open war between the Norse chief Ungortoq and the Inuk leader K'aissape. The Inuit made a massive attack on Hvalsey and burned the Norse inside their houses but Ungortoq escaped with his family. K'aissape defeated him after a long pursuit which ended near Cape Farewell. However, according to archaeological studies, there is no sign of a conflagration.
The site is now part of a sheep farm.
Buildings
Hvalsey is located on a narrow strip of land at the head of a fjord, with the church situated around from the water. The church is located in a classic Greenlandic Norse farmstead, with several additional adjacent buildings. The farmstead included a large building approximately in size. It had eleven rooms, combining living quarters, an banqueting hall and livestock pens. There were other livestock pens away from the main building, a horse enclosure for visitors to keep their horses, a storage building further up the hill and a warehouse at the edge of the water.
The dwelling was built on the top of an earlier building that dates back to the time of Erik the Red, and may have been Thorkell Farserk's home.
Architecture
Around , the church was constructed in the Anglo-Norwegian style of the early 13th century. The church held around 30–35 people, and was surrounded by a dyke marking the limits of the cemetery.
It was built from granite fieldstones. The stones are carefully laid and fitted. Some of the stones weigh between 4 and 5 tonnes, and some even more. Mortar was also used, but it is not known if it was used between the stones or only as plaster on the outside walls. The mortar was made from crushed shells so the church would have been white when built. Qaqortoq means "the white place", and the modern town of that name at the mouth of the fjord could have gotten its name by association with the church.
The walls are approximately thick. It is thought that it had a turf-covered wooden roof. All doors and windows are constructed using lintels, except for one window in the eastern gable, which had an arch. The window openings are wider on the inside, a detail not found in Icelandic churches, but well known in early churches in Britain which may have been the source of this building type.
Thanks to the good construction quality, Hvalsey Church has resisted the elements better than other Norse structures in Greenland. Nevertheless, it has partly collapsed, mainly because it was built over a graveyard. Graves were not removed before the construction and this caused the sinking of the foundation.
Gallery
See also
Greenlandic Norse people
Norse colonization of North America
References
Roman Catholic churches in Greenland
Ruins in Greenland
Hvalsey
Church ruins |
Beatriz Enríquez de Arana (1465–1521?) was the mistress of Christopher Columbus and mother of Ferdinand Columbus, Columbus's natural son, whom he later officially recognized.
Biography
In Rafael Ramírez de Arellano's history of Córdoba he explains that she and her brother Peter took the name of their maternal aunt Mayor Enríquez de Arana. She was one of the relatives who took them in (with possibly Francisco Enriquez de Arana, a wine maker) when they became orphaned in 1471.
Relationship with Columbus
When Columbus died he left some provision for her in his will, directing his son Diego to hold her in respect and continue an annual allowance. Diego appears to have been a bit remiss with payments; Beatriz' last recorded act in 1521 was hiring an attorney to collect some money, and Diego's will written in 1532 contained a directive that any unpaid monies from the last three or four years were to be paid out to Beatriz' heirs.
Neither her cause of death, or the exact date have been recorded, but it is assumed to have taken place shortly after 1521.
Notes
References
Brinkbäumer, Klaus, The voyage of the Vizcaína: the mystery of Christopher Columbus's last ship, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006,
Fiske, John, The discovery of America: with some account of ancient America and the Spanish conquest, Houghton Mifflin, 1895
Patrick, James, Renaissance and Reformation, Marshall Cavendish, 2001,
Phillips, Carla Rahn, The Worlds of Christopher Columbus, Cambridge University Press, 1993,
Rafael Ramírez de Arellano, History of Cordova from its foundation to the death of Isabel the Catholic. Ciudad Real: Tipografía del Hospicio Provincial, 1915–1919
Thacher, John Boyd, Christopher Columbus: his life, his works, his remains: as revealed by original printed and manuscript records, together with an essay on Peter Martyr d'Anghiera and Bartolomé de las Casas, the first historians of America, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1903
The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc., 2007, ;
Thomas, Hugh, Rivers of gold: the rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan, Random House, Inc., 2004,
Wilford, John Noble, The Mysterious History of Columbus. An Exploration of the man, the Myth, the Legacy, Alfred A. Knopf (New York) 1991,
Young, Filson, Christopher Columbus and the New World of His Discovery, J.B. Lippincott, 1906
Further reading
Curtis, William Eleroy, The relics of Columbus: an illustrated description of the historical collection in the monastery of La Ra, William H. Lowdermilk Company, 1893, p. 117 item 521
Davidson, Miles H., Columbus then and now, University of Oklahoma Press, 1997, pp. 152–158,
Duro, Cesáreo Fernández, Colón Y La Historia Póstuma, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, pp. 184–163, 217,
Foster, Genevieve, The World of Columbus and Sons, Charles Scribner's Sons 1965, pp. 133–145, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 65-18410
Markham, Clements Robert, Life of Christopher Columbus, G. Philip & Son, ltd., 1902, pp. 60–63
Ryan, Sara Agnes, Christopher Columbus in Poetry, History and Art, The Mayer and Miller company, 1917, p. 4
1465 births
1521 deaths
Beatriz
15th-century Spanish women
15th-century Castilians
16th-century Spanish women
16th-century Spanish people
15th-century women farmers
15th-century farmers
16th-century women farmers
16th-century farmers |
In calculus and real analysis, absolute continuity is a smoothness property of functions that is stronger than continuity and uniform continuity. The notion of absolute continuity allows one to obtain generalizations of the relationship between the two central operations of calculus—differentiation and integration. This relationship is commonly characterized (by the fundamental theorem of calculus) in the framework of Riemann integration, but with absolute continuity it may be formulated in terms of Lebesgue integration. For real-valued functions on the real line, two interrelated notions appear: absolute continuity of functions and absolute continuity of measures. These two notions are generalized in different directions. The usual derivative of a function is related to the Radon–Nikodym derivative, or density, of a measure.
We have the following chains of inclusions for functions over a compact subset of the real line:
absolutely continuous ⊆ uniformly continuous continuous
and, for a compact interval,
continuously differentiable ⊆ Lipschitz continuous ⊆ absolutely continuous ⊆ bounded variation ⊆ differentiable almost everywhere.
Absolute continuity of functions
A continuous function fails to be absolutely continuous if it fails to be uniformly continuous, which can happen if the domain of the function is not compact – examples are tan(x) over , x2 over the entire real line, and sin(1/x) over (0, 1]. But a continuous function f can fail to be absolutely continuous even on a compact interval. It may not be "differentiable almost everywhere" (like the Weierstrass function, which is not differentiable anywhere). Or it may be differentiable almost everywhere and its derivative f ′ may be Lebesgue integrable, but the integral of f ′ differs from the increment of f (how much f changes over an interval). This happens for example with the Cantor function.
Definition
Let be an interval in the real line . A function is absolutely continuous on if for every positive number , there is a positive number such that whenever a finite sequence of pairwise disjoint sub-intervals of with satisfies
then
The collection of all absolutely continuous functions on is denoted .
Equivalent definitions
The following conditions on a real-valued function f on a compact interval [a,b] are equivalent:
f is absolutely continuous;
f has a derivative f ′ almost everywhere, the derivative is Lebesgue integrable, and for all x on [a,b];
there exists a Lebesgue integrable function g on [a,b] such that for all x in [a,b].
If these equivalent conditions are satisfied then necessarily g = f ′ almost everywhere.
Equivalence between (1) and (3) is known as the fundamental theorem of Lebesgue integral calculus, due to Lebesgue.
For an equivalent definition in terms of measures see the section Relation between the two notions of absolute continuity.
Properties
The sum and difference of two absolutely continuous functions are also absolutely continuous. If the two functions are defined on a bounded closed interval, then their product is also absolutely continuous.
If an absolutely continuous function is defined on a bounded closed interval and is nowhere zero then its reciprocal is absolutely continuous.
Every absolutely continuous function (over a compact interval) is uniformly continuous and, therefore, continuous. Every (globally) Lipschitz-continuous function is absolutely continuous.
If f: [a,b] → R is absolutely continuous, then it is of bounded variation on [a,b].
If f: [a,b] → R is absolutely continuous, then it can be written as the difference of two monotonic nondecreasing absolutely continuous functions on [a,b].
If f: [a,b] → R is absolutely continuous, then it has the Luzin N property (that is, for any such that , it holds that , where stands for the Lebesgue measure on R).
f: I → R is absolutely continuous if and only if it is continuous, is of bounded variation and has the Luzin N property. This statement is also known as the Banach-Zareckiǐ theorem.
If f: I → R is absolutely continuous and g: R → R is globally Lipschitz-continuous, then the composition g ∘ f is absolutely continuous. Conversely, for every function g that is not globally Lipschitz continuous there exists an absolutely continuous function f such that g ∘ f is not absolutely continuous.
Examples
The following functions are uniformly continuous but not absolutely continuous:
the Cantor function on [0, 1] (it is of bounded variation but not absolutely continuous);
the function on a finite interval containing the origin.
The following functions are absolutely continuous but not α-Hölder continuous:
the function f(x) = xβ on [0, c], for any
The following functions are absolutely continuous and α-Hölder continuous but not Lipschitz continuous:
the function f(x) = on [0, c], for α ≤ 1/2.
Generalizations
Let (X, d) be a metric space and let I be an interval in the real line R. A function f: I → X is absolutely continuous on I if for every positive number , there is a positive number such that whenever a finite sequence of pairwise disjoint sub-intervals [xk, yk] of I satisfies
then
The collection of all absolutely continuous functions from I into X is denoted AC(I; X).
A further generalization is the space ACp(I; X) of curves f: I → X such that
for some m in the Lp space Lp(I).
Properties of these generalizations
Every absolutely continuous function (over a compact interval) is uniformly continuous and, therefore, continuous. Every Lipschitz-continuous function is absolutely continuous.
If f: [a,b] → X is absolutely continuous, then it is of bounded variation on [a,b].
For f ∈ ACp(I; X), the metric derivative of f exists for λ-almost all times in I, and the metric derivative is the smallest m ∈ Lp(I; R) such that
Absolute continuity of measures
Definition
A measure on Borel subsets of the real line is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure if for every -measurable set implies This is written as We say is dominated by
In most applications, if a measure on the real line is simply said to be absolutely continuous — without specifying with respect to which other measure it is absolutely continuous — then absolute continuity with respect to the Lebesgue measure is meant.
The same principle holds for measures on Borel subsets of
Equivalent definitions
The following conditions on a finite measure on Borel subsets of the real line are equivalent:
is absolutely continuous;
for every positive number there is a positive number such that for all Borel sets of Lebesgue measure less than
there exists a Lebesgue integrable function on the real line such that for all Borel subsets of the real line.
For an equivalent definition in terms of functions see the section Relation between the two notions of absolute continuity.
Any other function satisfying (3) is equal to almost everywhere. Such a function is called Radon–Nikodym derivative, or density, of the absolutely continuous measure
Equivalence between (1), (2) and (3) holds also in for all
Thus, the absolutely continuous measures on are precisely those that have densities; as a special case, the absolutely continuous probability measures are precisely the ones that have probability density functions.
Generalizations
If and are two measures on the same measurable space is said to be with respect to if for every set for which This is written as "". That is:
When then is said to be
Absolute continuity of measures is reflexive and transitive, but is not antisymmetric, so it is a preorder rather than a partial order. Instead, if and the measures and are said to be equivalent. Thus absolute continuity induces a partial ordering of such equivalence classes.
If is a signed or complex measure, it is said that is absolutely continuous with respect to if its variation satisfies equivalently, if every set for which is -null.
The Radon–Nikodym theorem states that if is absolutely continuous with respect to and both measures are σ-finite, then has a density, or "Radon-Nikodym derivative", with respect to which means that there exists a -measurable function taking values in denoted by such that for any -measurable set we have
Singular measures
Via Lebesgue's decomposition theorem, every σ-finite measure can be decomposed into the sum of an absolutely continuous measure and a singular measure with respect to another σ-finite measure. See singular measure for examples of measures that are not absolutely continuous.
Relation between the two notions of absolute continuity
A finite measure μ on Borel subsets of the real line is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure if and only if the point function
is an absolutely continuous real function.
More generally, a function is locally (meaning on every bounded interval) absolutely continuous if and only if its distributional derivative is a measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure.
If absolute continuity holds then the Radon–Nikodym derivative of μ is equal almost everywhere to the derivative of F.
More generally, the measure μ is assumed to be locally finite (rather than finite) and F(x) is defined as μ((0,x]) for , 0 for , and −μ((x,0]) for . In this case μ is the Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure generated by F.
The relation between the two notions of absolute continuity still holds.
Notes
References
Leoni, Giovanni (2009), A First Course in Sobolev Spaces, Graduate Studies in Mathematics, American Mathematical Society, pp. xvi+607 , , , MAA
External links
Absolute continuity at Encyclopedia of Mathematics
Topics in Real and Functional Analysis by Gerald Teschl
Theory of continuous functions
Real analysis
Measure theory |
```xml
import { IContext } from '../../../connectionResolver';
const commentQueries = {
async clientPortalComments(
_root,
{ typeId, type }: { typeId: string; type: string },
{ models }: IContext
) {
return models.Comments.find({ typeId, type });
}
};
export default commentQueries;
``` |
```rust
use std::fmt;
/// Enumeration of HTTP status classes.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum StatusClass {
/// Indicates a provisional response: a status code of 1XX.
Informational,
/// Indicates that a request has succeeded: a status code of 2XX.
Success,
/// Indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in
/// order to fulfill the request: a status code of 3XX.
Redirection,
/// Intended for cases in which the client seems to have erred: a status
/// code of 4XX.
ClientError,
/// Indicates cases in which the server is aware that it has erred or is
/// incapable of performing the request: a status code of 5XX.
ServerError,
/// Indicates that the status code is nonstandard and unknown: all other
/// status codes.
Unknown
}
macro_rules! class_check_fn {
($func:ident, $type:expr, $variant:ident) => (
/// Returns `true` if `self` is a `StatusClass` of
#[doc=$type]
/// Returns `false` otherwise.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn $func(&self) -> bool {
*self == StatusClass::$variant
}
)
}
impl StatusClass {
class_check_fn!(is_informational, "`Informational` (1XX).", Informational);
class_check_fn!(is_success, "`Success` (2XX).", Success);
class_check_fn!(is_redirection, "`Redirection` (3XX).", Redirection);
class_check_fn!(is_client_error, "`ClientError` (4XX).", ClientError);
class_check_fn!(is_server_error, "`ServerError` (5XX).", ServerError);
class_check_fn!(is_unknown, "`Unknown`.", Unknown);
}
/// Structure representing an HTTP status: an integer code.
///
/// A `Status` should rarely be created directly. Instead, an associated
/// constant should be used; one is declared for every status defined in the
/// HTTP standard. If a custom status code _must_ be created, note that it is
/// not possible to set a custom reason phrase.
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// // Create a status from a known constant.
/// let ok = Status::Ok;
/// assert_eq!(ok.code, 200);
/// assert_eq!(ok.reason(), Some("OK"));
///
/// let not_found = Status::NotFound;
/// assert_eq!(not_found.code, 404);
/// assert_eq!(not_found.reason(), Some("Not Found"));
///
/// // Or from a status code: `reason()` returns the phrase when known.
/// let gone = Status::new(410);
/// assert_eq!(gone.code, 410);
/// assert_eq!(gone.reason(), Some("Gone"));
///
/// // `reason()` returns `None` when unknown.
/// let custom = Status::new(599);
/// assert_eq!(custom.code, 599);
/// assert_eq!(custom.reason(), None);
/// ```
///
/// # Responding
///
/// To set a custom `Status` on a response, use a [`response::status`]
/// responder, which enforces correct status-based responses. Alternatively,
/// respond with `(Status, T)` where `T: Responder`, but beware that the
/// response may be invalid if it requires additional headers.
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// # use rocket::get;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// #[get("/")]
/// fn index() -> (Status, &'static str) {
/// (Status::NotFound, "Hey, there's no index!")
/// }
/// ```
///
/// [`response::status`]: ../response/status/index.html
///
/// # (De)serialization
///
/// `Status` is both `Serialize` and `Deserialize`, represented as a `u16`. For
/// example, [`Status::Ok`] (de)serializes from/to `200`. Any integer in the
/// range `[100, 600)` is allowed to deserialize into a `Status`.`
///
/// ```rust
/// # #[cfg(feature = "serde")] mod serde_impl {
/// # use serde as serde;
/// use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
/// # #[serde(crate = "serde")]
/// struct Foo {
/// status: Status,
/// }
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct Status {
/// The HTTP status code associated with this status.
pub code: u16,
}
impl Default for Status {
fn default() -> Self {
Status::Ok
}
}
macro_rules! ctrs {
($($code:expr, $code_str:expr, $name:ident => $reason:expr),+) => {
$(
#[doc="[`Status`] with code <b>"]
#[doc=$code_str]
#[doc="</b>."]
#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
pub const $name: Status = Status { code: $code };
)+
/// Creates a new `Status` with `code`. This should be used _only_ to
/// construct non-standard HTTP statuses. Use an associated constant for
/// standard statuses.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Create a custom `299` status:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// let custom = Status::new(299);
/// assert_eq!(custom.code, 299);
/// ```
pub const fn new(code: u16) -> Status {
Status { code }
}
/// Returns the class of a given status.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::{Status, StatusClass};
///
/// let processing = Status::Processing;
/// assert_eq!(processing.class(), StatusClass::Informational);
///
/// let ok = Status::Ok;
/// assert_eq!(ok.class(), StatusClass::Success);
///
/// let see_other = Status::SeeOther;
/// assert_eq!(see_other.class(), StatusClass::Redirection);
///
/// let not_found = Status::NotFound;
/// assert_eq!(not_found.class(), StatusClass::ClientError);
///
/// let internal_error = Status::InternalServerError;
/// assert_eq!(internal_error.class(), StatusClass::ServerError);
///
/// let custom = Status::new(600);
/// assert_eq!(custom.class(), StatusClass::Unknown);
/// ```
pub const fn class(self) -> StatusClass {
match self.code / 100 {
1 => StatusClass::Informational,
2 => StatusClass::Success,
3 => StatusClass::Redirection,
4 => StatusClass::ClientError,
5 => StatusClass::ServerError,
_ => StatusClass::Unknown
}
}
/// Returns a Status given a standard status code `code`. If `code` is
/// not a known status code, `None` is returned.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Create a `Status` from a known `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// let not_found = Status::from_code(404);
/// assert_eq!(not_found, Some(Status::NotFound));
/// ```
///
/// Create a `Status` from an unknown `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// let unknown = Status::from_code(600);
/// assert!(unknown.is_none());
/// ```
pub const fn from_code(code: u16) -> Option<Status> {
match code {
$($code => Some(Status::$name),)+
_ => None
}
}
/// Returns the canonical reason phrase if `self` corresponds to a
/// canonical, known status code. Otherwise, returns `None`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Reason phrase from a known `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// assert_eq!(Status::Created.reason(), Some("Created"));
/// assert_eq!(Status::new(200).reason(), Some("OK"));
/// ```
///
/// Absent phrase from an unknown `code`:
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// assert_eq!(Status::new(499).reason(), None);
/// ```
pub const fn reason(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
match self.code {
$($code => Some($reason),)+
_ => None
}
}
/// Returns the canonical reason phrase if `self` corresponds to a
/// canonical, known status code, or an unspecified but relevant reason
/// phrase otherwise.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// # extern crate rocket;
/// use rocket::http::Status;
///
/// assert_eq!(Status::NotFound.reason_lossy(), "Not Found");
/// assert_eq!(Status::new(100).reason_lossy(), "Continue");
/// assert!(!Status::new(699).reason_lossy().is_empty());
/// ```
pub const fn reason_lossy(&self) -> &'static str {
if let Some(lossless) = self.reason() {
return lossless;
}
match self.class() {
StatusClass::Informational => "Informational",
StatusClass::Success => "Success",
StatusClass::Redirection => "Redirection",
StatusClass::ClientError => "Client Error",
StatusClass::ServerError => "Server Error",
StatusClass::Unknown => "Unknown"
}
}
};
}
impl Status {
ctrs! {
100, "100", Continue => "Continue",
101, "101", SwitchingProtocols => "Switching Protocols",
102, "102", Processing => "Processing",
200, "200", Ok => "OK",
201, "201", Created => "Created",
202, "202", Accepted => "Accepted",
203, "203", NonAuthoritativeInformation => "Non-Authoritative Information",
204, "204", NoContent => "No Content",
205, "205", ResetContent => "Reset Content",
206, "206", PartialContent => "Partial Content",
207, "207", MultiStatus => "Multi-Status",
208, "208", AlreadyReported => "Already Reported",
226, "226", ImUsed => "IM Used",
300, "300", MultipleChoices => "Multiple Choices",
301, "301", MovedPermanently => "Moved Permanently",
302, "302", Found => "Found",
303, "303", SeeOther => "See Other",
304, "304", NotModified => "Not Modified",
305, "305", UseProxy => "Use Proxy",
307, "307", TemporaryRedirect => "Temporary Redirect",
308, "308", PermanentRedirect => "Permanent Redirect",
400, "400", BadRequest => "Bad Request",
401, "401", Unauthorized => "Unauthorized",
402, "402", PaymentRequired => "Payment Required",
403, "403", Forbidden => "Forbidden",
404, "404", NotFound => "Not Found",
405, "405", MethodNotAllowed => "Method Not Allowed",
406, "406", NotAcceptable => "Not Acceptable",
407, "407", ProxyAuthenticationRequired => "Proxy Authentication Required",
408, "408", RequestTimeout => "Request Timeout",
409, "409", Conflict => "Conflict",
410, "410", Gone => "Gone",
411, "411", LengthRequired => "Length Required",
412, "412", PreconditionFailed => "Precondition Failed",
413, "413", PayloadTooLarge => "Payload Too Large",
414, "414", UriTooLong => "URI Too Long",
415, "415", UnsupportedMediaType => "Unsupported Media Type",
416, "416", RangeNotSatisfiable => "Range Not Satisfiable",
417, "417", ExpectationFailed => "Expectation Failed",
418, "418", ImATeapot => "I'm a teapot",
421, "421", MisdirectedRequest => "Misdirected Request",
422, "422", UnprocessableEntity => "Unprocessable Entity",
423, "423", Locked => "Locked",
424, "424", FailedDependency => "Failed Dependency",
426, "426", UpgradeRequired => "Upgrade Required",
428, "428", PreconditionRequired => "Precondition Required",
429, "429", TooManyRequests => "Too Many Requests",
431, "431", RequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge => "Request Header Fields Too Large",
451, "451", UnavailableForLegalReasons => "Unavailable For Legal Reasons",
500, "500", InternalServerError => "Internal Server Error",
501, "501", NotImplemented => "Not Implemented",
502, "502", BadGateway => "Bad Gateway",
503, "503", ServiceUnavailable => "Service Unavailable",
504, "504", GatewayTimeout => "Gateway Timeout",
505, "505", HttpVersionNotSupported => "HTTP Version Not Supported",
506, "506", VariantAlsoNegotiates => "Variant Also Negotiates",
507, "507", InsufficientStorage => "Insufficient Storage",
508, "508", LoopDetected => "Loop Detected",
510, "510", NotExtended => "Not Extended",
511, "511", NetworkAuthenticationRequired => "Network Authentication Required"
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Status {
#[inline(always)]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{} {}", self.code, self.reason_lossy())
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
mod serde_impl {
use super::*;
use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer};
use serde::de::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Error, Visitor, Unexpected};
impl Serialize for Status {
fn serialize<S: Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
serializer.serialize_u16(self.code)
}
}
struct DeVisitor;
impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for DeVisitor {
type Value = Status;
fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(formatter, "HTTP status code integer in range [100, 600)")
}
fn visit_i64<E: Error>(self, v: i64) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
if v < 100 || v >= 600 {
return Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Signed(v), &self));
}
Ok(Status::new(v as u16))
}
fn visit_u64<E: Error>(self, v: u64) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
if v < 100 || v >= 600 {
return Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Unsigned(v), &self));
}
Ok(Status::new(v as u16))
}
}
impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Status {
fn deserialize<D: Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
deserializer.deserialize_u16(DeVisitor)
}
}
}
``` |
Sabalicola is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Sabalicola sabalensioides.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
Xylariales
Monotypic Ascomycota genera |
Olivia 'Livy' Paige (born 28 July 1996) is an English international field hockey player who played as a midfielder for England and Great Britain.
She plays club hockey in the Women's England Hockey League Premier Division for Hampstead & Westminster.
Paige has also played for hdm, Uni of Birmingham, Reading and Marlow.
References
English female field hockey players
1996 births
Living people
Reading Hockey Club players
Women's England Hockey League players
University of Birmingham Hockey Club players |
Alfred Stieglitz (January 1, 1864 – July 13, 1946) was an American photographer and modern art promoter who was instrumental over his 50-year career in making photography an accepted art form. In addition to his photography, Stieglitz was known for the New York art galleries that he ran in the early part of the 20th century, where he introduced many avant-garde European artists to the U.S. He was married to painter Georgia O'Keeffe.
Early life and education
Stieglitz was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, the first son of German Jewish immigrants Edward Stieglitz (1833–1909) and Hedwig Ann Werner (1845–1922). His father was a lieutenant in the Union Army and worked as a wool merchant. He had five siblings, Flora (1865–1890), twins Julius (1867–1937) and Leopold (1867–1956), Agnes (1869–1952) and Selma (1871–1957). Alfred Stieglitz, seeing the close relationship of the twins, wished he had a soul mate of his own during his childhood.
Stieglitz attended Charlier Institute, a Christian school in New York, in 1871. The following year, his family began spending the summers at Lake George in the Adirondack Mountains, a tradition that continued into Stieglitz's adulthood.
So that he could qualify for admission to the City College of New York, Stieglitz was enrolled in a public school for his junior year of high school, but found the education inadequate. In 1881, Edward Stieglitz sold his company for US $40,000 and moved his family to Europe for the next several years so that his children would receive a better education. Alfred Stieglitz enrolled in the Real Gymnasium in Karlsruhe. The next year, Alfred Stieglitz studied mechanical engineering at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin. He enrolled in a chemistry class taught by Hermann Wilhelm Vogel, a scientist and researcher, who worked on the chemical processes for developing photographs. In Vogel, Stieglitz found both the academic challenge he needed and an outlet for his growing artistic and cultural interests. He received an allowance of $1,200 () a month.
Early interest in photography
In 1884, his parents returned to America, but 20-year-old Stieglitz remained in Germany and collected books on photography and photographers in Europe and the U.S. He bought his first camera, an 8 × 10 plate film camera, and traveled through the Netherlands, Italy and Germany. He took photographs of landscapes and workers in the countryside. Photography, he later wrote, "fascinated me, first as a toy, then as a passion, then as an obsession."
Through his self-study, he saw photography as an art form. In 1887, he wrote his very first article, "A Word or Two about Amateur Photography in Germany", for the new magazine The Amateur Photographer.
He won first place for his photography, The Last Joke, Bellagio, in 1887 from Amateur Photographer. The next year he won both first and second prizes in the same competition, and his reputation began to spread as several German and British photographic magazines published his work.
In 1890, his sister Flora died while giving birth, and Stieglitz returned to New York.
Career
New York and the Camera Club (1891–1901)
Stieglitz considered himself an artist, but he refused to sell his photographs. His father purchased a small photography business for him so that he could earn a living in his chosen profession. Because he demanded high quality images and paid his employee high wages, the Photochrome Engraving Company rarely made a profit.
In late 1892, Stieglitz bought his first hand-held camera, a Folmer and Schwing 4×5 plate film camera. Stieglitz gained a reputation for his photography and his magazine articles about how photography is a form of art. In the spring of 1893, he became co-editor of The American Amateur Photographer. In order to avoid the appearance of bias in his opinions and because Photochrome was now printing the photogravures for the magazine, Stieglitz refused to draw a salary.
On November 16, 1893, the 29-year-old Stieglitz married 20-year-old Emmeline Obermeyer, the sister of his close friend and business associate Joe Obermeyer and granddaughter of brewer Samuel Liebmann. They were married in New York City. Stieglitz later wrote that he did not love Emmy, as she was commonly known, when they were married and that their marriage was not consummated for at least a year. Daughter of a wealthy brewery owner, she had inherited money from her father. Stieglitz came to regret his decision to marry Emmy, as she did not share his artistic and cultural interests. Stieglitz biographer Richard Whelan summed up their relationship by saying Stieglitz "resented her bitterly for not becoming his twin." Throughout his life Stieglitz maintained a desire for younger women.
Stieglitz was unanimously elected as one of the first two American members of The Linked Ring. Stieglitz saw this recognition as the impetus he needed to step up his cause of promoting artistic photography in the United States.
In May 1896, the two organizations joined to form The Camera Club of New York. Although offered the organization's presidency, he became vice-president. He developed programs for the club and was involved in all aspects of the organization. He told journalist Theodore Dreiser he wanted to "make the club so large, its labors so distinguished and its authority so final that [it] may satisfactorily use its great prestige to compel recognition for the individual artists without and within its walls."
Stieglitz turned the Camera Club's current newsletter into a magazine, Camera Notes, and was given full control over the new publication. Its first issue was published in July 1897. It was soon considered the finest photographic magazine in the world. Over the next four years Stieglitz used Camera Notes to champion his belief in photography as an art form by including articles on art and aesthetics next to prints by some of the leading American and European photographers. Critic Sadakichi Hartmann wrote "it seemed to me that artistic photography, the Camera Club and Alfred Stieglitz were only three names for one and the same thing."
He also continued to take his own photographs. Late in 1896, he hand-pulled the photogravures for a first portfolio of his own work, Picturesque Bits of New York and Other Studies. He continued to exhibit in shows in Europe and the U.S., and by 1898 he had gained a solid reputation as a photographer. He was paid $75 () for his favorite print, Winter – Fifth Avenue.
On September 27, 1898, Stieglitz's daughter, Katherine "Kitty", was born. Using Emmy's inheritance, the couple hired a governess, cook and a chambermaid. Stieglitz worked at the same pace as before the birth of his daughter, and as a result, the couple predominantly lived separate lives under the same roof.
In May 1899, Stieglitz was given a one-man exhibition, consisting of eighty-seven prints, at the Camera Club. The strain of preparing for this show, coupled with the continuing efforts to produce Camera Notes, took a toll on Stieglitz's health. To lessen his burden he brought in his friends Joseph Keiley and Dallet Fugeut, neither of whom were members of the Camera Club, as associate editors of Camera Notes. Upset by this intrusion from outsiders, not to mention their own diminishing presence in the Club's publication, many of the older members of the Club began to actively campaign against Stieglitz's editorial authority. Stieglitz spent most of 1900 finding ways to outmaneuver these efforts, embroiling him in protracted administrative battles.
Due to the continued strain of managing the Camera Club, by the following year he collapsed in the first of several mental breakdowns. He spent much of the summer at the family's Lake George home, Oaklawn, recuperating. When he returned to New York, he announced his resignation as editor of Camera Notes.
The Photo-Secession and Camera Work (1902–1907)
Photographer Eva Watson-Schütze urged him to establish an exhibition that would be judged solely by photographers who, unlike painters and other artists, knew about photography and its technical characteristics. In December 1901, he was invited by Charles DeKay of the National Arts Club to put together an exhibition in which Stieglitz would have "full power to follow his own inclinations." Within two months Stieglitz had assembled a collection of prints from a close circle of his friends, which, in homage to the Munich photographers, he called the Photo-Secession. Stieglitz was not only declaring a secession from the general artistic restrictions of the era, but specifically from the official oversight of the Camera Club.
He began formulating a plan to publish a completely independent magazine of pictorial photography to carry forth the artistic standards of the Photo-Secessionist. By July, he had fully resigned as editor of Camera Notes, and one month later he published a prospectus for a new journal he called Camera Work. He was determined it would be "the best and most sumptuous of photographic publications". The first issue was printed four months later, in December 1902, and like all of the subsequent issues it contained hand-pulled photogravures, critical writings on photography, aesthetics and art, and reviews and commentaries on photographers and exhibitions. Camera Work was "the first photographic journal to be visual in focus."
Stieglitz was a perfectionist, and it showed in every aspect of Camera Work. He advanced the art of photogravure printing by demanding unprecedentedly high standards for the prints in Camera Work. The visual quality of the gravures was so high that when a set of prints failed to arrive for a Photo-Secession exhibition in Brussels, a selection of gravures from the magazine was hung instead. Most viewers assumed they were looking at the original photographs.
Throughout 1903, Stieglitz published Camera Work and worked to exhibit his own work and that of the Photo-Secessionists while dealing with the stresses of his home life. Luxembourgish American photographer, Edward Steichen, who later would curate the landmark exhibit The Family of Man, was the most frequently featured photographer in the magazine. Fuguet, Keiley, and Strauss, Stieglitz's three associate editors at Camera Notes, he brought with him to Camera Work. Later, he said that he alone individually wrapped and mailed some 35,000 copies of Camera Work over the course of its publication.
On November 25, 1905, the "Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession" opened at 291 Fifth Avenue with one hundred prints by thirty-nine photographers. Steichen had recommended and encouraged Stieglitz, on his return from Europe, to lease out three rooms across from Steichen's apartment that the pair felt would be perfect to exhibit photography. The gallery became an instant success, with almost fifteen thousand visitors during its first season and, more importantly, print sales that totaled nearly $2,800. Work by his friend Steichen, who had an apartment in the same building, accounted for more than half of those sales.
Stieglitz continued to focus his efforts on photography, at the expense of his family. Emmy, who hoped she would one day earn Stieglitz's love, continued giving him an allowance from her inheritance.
In the October 1906 issue of Camera Work, his friend Joseph Keiley said: "Today in America the real battle for which the Photo-Secession was established has been accomplished – the serious recognition of photography as an additional medium of pictorial expression."
Two months later the 42 year-old Stieglitz met 28 year-old artist Pamela Colman Smith, who wished to have her drawings and watercolors shown at his gallery. He decided to show her work because he thought it would be "highly instructive to compare drawings and photographs in order to judge photography's possibilities and limitations". Her show opened in January 1907, with far more visitors to the gallery than any of the previous photography shows, and soon all of her exhibited works were sold. Stieglitz, hoping to capitalize on the popularity of the show, took photographs of her art work and issued a separate portfolio of his platinum prints of her work.
The Steerage, 291 and modern art (1907–1916)
In the late spring of 1907, Stieglitz collaborated on a series of photographic experiments with his friend Clarence H. White. They took several dozen photographs of two clothed and nude models and printed a selection using unusual techniques, including toning, waxing and drawing on platinum prints. According to Stieglitz, it overcame "the impossibility of the camera to do certain things."
He made less than $400 for the year due to declining Camera Work subscriptions and the gallery's low profit margin.
While on his way to Europe, Stieglitz took what is recognized not only as his signature image but also as one of the most important photographs of the 20th century.
Stieglitz deliberately interspersed exhibitions of what he knew would be controversial art, such as Rodin's sexually explicit drawings, with what Steichen called "understandable art", and with photographs. The intention was to "set up a dialogue that would enable 291 visitors to see, discuss and ponder the differences and similarities between artists of all ranks and types: between painters, draftsmen, sculptors and photographers; between European and American artists; between older or more established figures and younger, newer practitioners." During this same period the National Arts Club mounted a "Special Exhibition of Contemporary Art" that included photographs by Stieglitz, Steichen, Käsebier and White along with paintings by Mary Cassatt, William Glackens, Robert Henri, James McNeill Whistler and others. This is thought to have been the first major show in the U.S. in which photographers were given equal ranking with painters.
For most of 1908 and 1909, Stieglitz spent his time creating shows at 291 and publishing Camera Work. There were no photographs taken during this period that appear in the definitive catalog of his work, Alfred Stieglitz: The Key Set.
In 1910, Stieglitz was invited by the director of the Albright Art Gallery to organize a major show of the best of contemporary photography. Although an announcement of an open competition for the show was printed in Camera Work, the fact that Stieglitz would be in charge of it generated a new round of attacks against him. An editorial in American Photography magazine claimed that Stieglitz could no longer "perceive the value of photographic work of artistic merit which does not conform to a particular style which is so characteristic of all exhibitions under his auspices. Half a generation ago this school [the Photo-Secession] was progressive, and far in advance of its time. Today it is not progressing, but is a reactionary force of the most dangerous type."
Stieglitz wrote to fellow photographer George Seeley "The reputation, not only of the Photo-Secession, but of photography is at stake, and I intend to muster all the forces available to win out for us."
Throughout 1911 and early 1912, Stieglitz organized ground-breaking modern art exhibits at 291 and promoted new art along with photography in the pages of Camera Work. By the summer of 1912, he was so enthralled with non-photographic art that he published an issue of Camera Work (August 1912) devoted solely to Matisse and Picasso.
In late 1912, painters Walter Pach, Arthur B. Davies and Walt Kuhn organized a modern art show, and Stieglitz lent a few modern art pieces from 291 to the show. He also agreed to be listed as an honorary vice-president of the exhibition along with Claude Monet, Odilon Redon, Mabel Dodge and Isabella Stewart Gardner. In February 1913, the watershed Armory Show opened in New York, and soon modern art was a major topic of discussion throughout the city. He saw the popularity of the show as a vindication of the work that he had been sponsoring at 291 for the past five years. He mounted an exhibition of his own photographs at 291 to run at the same time as the Armory Show. He later wrote that allowing people to see both photographs and modern paintings at the same time "afforded the best opportunity to the student and public for a clearer understanding of the place and purpose of the two media."
In January 1916, suffragist Anita Pollitzer showed Stieglitz a set of charcoal drawings by Georgia O'Keeffe. Stieglitz was so taken by her art that without meeting O'Keeffe or even getting her permission to show her works he made plans to exhibit her work at 291. The first that O'Keeffe heard about any of this was from another friend who saw her drawings in the gallery in late May of that year. She finally met Stieglitz after going to 291 and chastising him for showing her work without her permission.
Soon thereafter O'Keeffe met Paul Strand, and for several months she and Strand exchanged increasingly romantic letters. When Strand told his friend Stieglitz about his new yearning, Stieglitz responded by telling Strand about his own infatuation with O'Keeffe. Gradually Strand's interest waned, and Stieglitz's escalated. By the summer of 1917 he and O'Keeffe were writing each other "their most private and complicated thoughts".
O'Keeffe and modern art (1918–1924)
In early June 1918, O'Keeffe moved to New York from Texas after Stieglitz promised he would provide her with a quiet studio where she could paint. Within a month he took the first of many nude photographs of her at his family's apartment while his wife Emmy was away, but she returned while their session was still in progress. She had suspected something was going on between the two for a while, and told him to stop seeing her or get out. Stieglitz left and immediately found a place in the city where he and O'Keeffe could live together. They slept separately for more than two weeks. By the end of July they were in the same bed together, and by mid-August when they visited Oaklawn "they were like two teenagers in love. Several times a day they would run up the stairs to their bedroom, so eager to make love that they would start taking their clothes off as they ran."
O'Keeffe was the muse Stieglitz had always wanted. He photographed O'Keeffe obsessively between 1918 and 1925 in what was the most prolific period in his entire life. During this period he produced more than 350 mounted prints of O'Keeffe that portrayed a wide range of her character, moods and beauty. He shot many close-up studies of parts of her body, especially her hands either isolated by themselves or near her face or hair. O'Keeffe biographer Roxanna Robinson states that her "personality was crucial to these photographs; it was this, as much as her body, that Stieglitz was recording."
In 1920, Stieglitz was invited by Mitchell Kennerly of the Anderson Galleries in New York to put together a major exhibition of his photographs. In early 1921, he hung the first one-man exhibit of his photographs since 1913. Of the 146 prints he put on view, only 17 had been seen before. Forty-six were of O'Keeffe, including many nudes, but she was not identified as the model on any of the prints. It was in the catalog for this show that Stieglitz made his famous declaration: "I was born in Hoboken. I am an American. Photography is my passion. The search for Truth my obsession." What is less known is that he conditioned this statement by following it with these words:
PLEASE NOTE: In the above STATEMENT the following, fast becoming "obsolete", terms do not appear: ART, SCIENCE, BEAUTY, RELIGION, every ISM, ABSTRACTION, FORM, PLASTICITY, OBJECTIVITY, SUBJECTIVITY, OLD MASTERS, MODERN ART, PSYCHOANALYSIS, AESTHETICS, PICTORIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, DEMOCRACY, CEZANNE, "291", PROHIBITION. The term TRUTH did creep in but it may be kicked out by any one.
In 1922, Stieglitz organized a large show of John Marin's paintings and etching at the Anderson Galleries, followed by a huge auction of nearly two hundred paintings by more than forty American artists, including O'Keeffe. Energized by this activity, he began one of his most creative and unusual undertakings – photographing a series of cloud studies simply for their form and beauty. He said:
I wanted to photograph clouds to find out what I had learned in forty years about photography. Through clouds to put down my philosophy of life – to show that (the success of) my photographs (was) not due to subject matter – not to special trees or faces, or interiors, to special privileges – clouds were there for everyone…
Stieglitz's mother Hedwig died in November 1922, and as he did with his father he buried his grief in his work. He spent time with Paul Strand and wife, painter Rebecca Salsbury, reviewed the work of another newcomer named Edward Weston and began organizing a new show of O'Keeffe's work. Her show opened in early 1923, and Stieglitz spent much of the spring marketing her work. Eventually twenty of her paintings sold for more than $3,000. In the summer, O'Keeffe once again took off for the seclusion of the Southwest, and for a while Stieglitz was alone with Salsbury at Lake George. He took a series of nude photos of her, and soon he became infatuated with her. They had a brief physical affair before O'Keeffe returned in the fall. O'Keeffe could tell what had happened, but since she did not see Stieglitz's new lover as a serious threat to their relationship she let things pass. Six years later she would have her own affair with Beck Strand in New Mexico.
In 1924, Stieglitz's divorce was finally approved by a judge, and within four months he and O'Keeffe married in a small, private ceremony at Marin's house. They went home without a reception or honeymoon. O'Keeffe said later that they married in order to help soothe the troubles of Stieglitz's daughter Kitty, who at that time was being treated in a sanatorium for depression and hallucinations. For the rest of their lives together, their relationship was, as biographer Benita Eisler characterized it, "a collusion ... a system of deals and trade-offs, tacitly agreed to and carried out, for the most part, without the exchange of a word. Preferring avoidance to confrontation on most issues, O'Keeffe was the principal agent of collusion in their union."
In the coming years O'Keeffe would spend much of her time painting in New Mexico, while Stieglitz rarely left New York except for summers at his father's family estate in Lake George in the Adirondacks, his favorite vacation place. O'Keeffe later said "Stieglitz was a hypochondriac and couldn't be more than 50 miles from a doctor."
At the end of 1924, Stieglitz donated 27 photographs to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. It was the first time a major museum included photographs in its permanent collection. In the same year he was awarded the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal for advancing photography and received an Honorary Fellowship of the Society.
The Intimate Gallery and An American Place (1925–1937)
In 1925, Stieglitz was invited by the Anderson Galleries to put together one of the largest exhibitions of American art, entitled Alfred Stieglitz Presents Seven Americans: 159 Paintings, Photographs, and Things, Recent and Never Before Publicly Shown by Arthur G. Dove, Marsden Hartley, John Marin, Charles Demuth, Paul Strand, Georgia O'Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz. Only one small painting by O'Keeffe was sold during the three-week exhibit.
O'Keeffe accepted an offer by Mabel Dodge to go to New Mexico for the summer. Stieglitz took advantage of her time away to begin photographing Dorothy Norman, and he began teaching her the technical aspects of printing as well. When Norman had a second child, she was absent from the gallery for about two months before returning on a regular basis.
In early 1929, Stieglitz was told that the building that housed the Room would be torn down later in the year. After a final show of Demuth's work in May, he retreated to Lake George for the summer, exhausted and depressed. The Strands raised nearly sixteen thousand dollars for a new gallery for Stieglitz, who reacted harshly, saying it was time for "young ones" to do some of the work he had been shouldering for so many years.
In the late fall, Stieglitz returned to New York. On December 15, two weeks before his sixty-fifth birthday, he opened "An American Place", the largest gallery he had ever managed. It had the first darkroom he had ever had in the city. Previously, he had borrowed other darkrooms or worked only when he was at Lake George. He continued showing group or individual shows of his friends Marin, Demuth, Hartley, Dove and Strand for the next sixteen years. O'Keeffe received at least one major exhibition each year. He fiercely controlled access to her works and incessantly promoted her even when critics gave her less than favorable reviews. Often during this time, they would only see each other during the summer, when it was too hot in her New Mexico home, but they wrote to each other almost weekly with the fervor of soul mates.
In 1932, Stieglitz mounted a forty-year retrospective of 127 of his works at The Place. He included all of his most famous photographs, but he also purposely chose to include recent photos of O'Keeffe, who, because of her years in the Southwest sun, looked older than her forty-five years, in comparison to Stieglitz's portraits of his young lover Norman. It was one of the few times he acted spitefully to O'Keeffe in public, and it might have been as a result of their increasingly intense arguments in private about his control over her art.
Later that year, he mounted a show of O'Keeffe's works next to some amateurish paintings on glass by Rebecca Salsbury. He did not publish a catalog of the show, which the Strands took as an insult. Paul Strand never forgave Stieglitz for that. He said, "The day I walked into the Photo-Secession 291 [sic] in 1907 was a great moment in my life… but the day I walked out of An American Place in 1932 was not less good. It was fresh air and personal liberation from something that had become, for me at least, second-rate, corrupt and meaningless."
In 1936, Stieglitz returned briefly to his photographic roots by mounting one of the first exhibitions of photos by Ansel Adams in New York City. The show was successful and David McAlpin bought eight Adams photos. He also put on one of the first shows of Eliot Porter's work two years later. Stieglitz, considered the "godfather of modern photography", encouraged Todd Webb to develop his own style and immerse himself in the medium.
Last years (1938–1946)
In the summer of 1946, Stieglitz suffered a fatal stroke and went into a coma. O'Keeffe returned to New York and found Dorothy Norman was in his hospital room. She left and O'Keeffe was with him when he died. According to his wishes, a simple funeral was attended by twenty of his closest friends and family members. Stieglitz was cremated, and, with his niece Elizabeth Davidson, O'Keeffe took his ashes to Lake George and "put him where he could hear the water." The day after the funeral, O'Keeffe took control of An American Place.
Key set
Stieglitz produced more than 2,500 mounted photographs over his career. After his death, O'Keeffe assembled a set of what she considered the best of his photographs that he had personally mounted. In some cases she included slightly different versions of the same image, and these series are invaluable for their insights about Stieglitz's aesthetic composition. In 1949, she donated the first part of what she called the "key set" of 1,317 Stieglitz photographs to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. In 1980, she added to the set another 325 photographs taken by Stieglitz of her, including many nudes. Now numbering 1,642 photographs, it is the largest, most complete collection of Stieglitz's work. In 2002 the National Gallery published a two-volume, 1,012-page catalog that reproduced the complete key set along with detailed annotations about each photograph.
In 2019, the National Gallery published an updated, Online Edition of the Alfred Stieglitz Key Set.
Legacy
Stieglitz explained in 1934:
"Personally I like my photography straight, unmanipulated, devoid of all tricks; a print not looking like anything but a photograph, living through its own inherent qualities and revealing its own spirit."
"Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) is perhaps the most important figure in the history of visual arts in America. That is certainly not to say that he was the greatest artist America has ever produced. Rather, through his many roles – as a photographer, as a discoverer and promoter of photographers and of artists in other media, and as a publisher, patron, and collector – he had a greater impact on American art than any other person has had."
"Alfred Stieglitz had the multifold abilities of a Renaissance man. A visionary of enormously wide perspective, his accomplishments were remarkable, his dedication awe-inspiring. A photographer of genius, a publisher of inspiration, a writer of great ability, a gallery owner and exhibition organizer of both photographic and modern art exhibitions, a catalyst and a charismatic leader in the photographic and art worlds for over thirty years, he was, necessarily, a passionate, complex, driven and highly contradictory character, both prophet and martyr. The ultimate maverick, he inspired great love and great hatred in equal measure."
Eight of the nine highest prices ever paid at auction for Stieglitz photographs (as of 2008) are images of Georgia O'Keeffe. The highest-priced photograph, a 1919 palladium print of Georgia O'Keeffe - Hands, realized US$1.47 million at auction in February 2006. At the same sale, Georgia O'Keeffe - Torso, another 1919 print, sold for $1.36 million.
A large number of his works are held at the Minneapolis Institute of Art.
In 1971 Stieglitz was posthumously inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum.
Gallery
See also
Equivalents (1925–1934)
Photography in the United States
References
Further reading
Hostetler, Lisa. "Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) and American Photography." In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2004)
Voorhies, James. "Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) and His Circle." In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2004)
Weston Naef (General Editor) (1995), Alfred Stieglitz: Photographs from the J. Paul Getty Museum, Getty Publications.
External links
George Eastman House: Alfred Stieglitz Collection
Alfred Stieglitz at the Art Institute of Chicago
PBS website on Stieglitz
Alfred Stieglitz/Georgia O'Keeffe Archive at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
The Art of the Photogravure: Key Figures
The two most costly Stieglitz photos, 2006
Katherine Hoffman, "Alfred Stieglitz: A Legacy of Light",(Yale University Press, 2011),
Autochromes by Alfred Stieglitz from Mark Jacobs Collection
Autochromes by Alfred Stieglitz from the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Guide to the Stieglitz-Mathieu Correspondence 1943–1945 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
1864 births
1946 deaths
American art curators
Photography critics
Photography curators
History of platinum printing
Pictorialism
Photographers from New York City
Photographers from New Jersey
People from Manhattan
American people of German-Jewish descent
Jewish American artists
City College of New York alumni
Artists from Hoboken, New Jersey
Technical University of Berlin alumni
19th-century American photographers
20th-century American photographers
Liebmann family
Modern artists
Royal Photographic Society members |
American Theater or American Theatre may refer to:
Theater in the United States, about stage theater in the U.S.
Camp Street Theatre, New Orleans, known as the American Theatre, the Old American Theatre, and the New American Theatre
American Music Hall, Manhattan, known as American Theater until 1908
Bowery Theatre, Manhattan, formerly also called the American Theatre
Orpheum Theater (St. Louis), Missouri, formerly known as the American Theater
American Theater (World War II), about military operations
American Theatre (magazine)
See also
American Theatre Hall of Fame, New York City, New York |
Bogert's coral snake (Micrurus bogerti) is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to southern Mexico.
Etymology
The specific name, bogerti, is in honor of American herpetologist Charles Mitchill Bogert.
Geographic range
M. bogerti is native to the Pacific coast of Oaxaca in Mexico, ranging from Puerto Angel to San Pedro Tapanatepec.
Habitat
Known from a few specimens from four localities, M. bogerti is found in tropical deciduous forest, dry coastal forest, and scrub forest.
Description
M. bogerti has a black snout, followed by a yellow parietal band, followed by a black nuchal band. The body is red with 16–19 black rings. The black rings, which are narrower than the red spaces between them, are edged with yellow or white rings which are even narrower. The red spaces are 6–8 dorsal scales wide; the black rings, 3–4 dorsals; and the yellow or white rings, 1–2 dorsals.
Reproduction
M. bogerti is oviparous.
Conservation status
No conservations measures are known, but M. bogerti is protected by Mexican law.
Taxonomy
There are no recognized subspecies of M. bogerti.
References
Further reading
Campbell JA, Lamar WW (1989). The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. xiv + 430 pp., 568 figures, 109 distribution maps, 31 tables. .
Heimes P (2016). Snakes of Mexico: Herpetofauna Mexicana Vol. I. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Chimaira. 572 pp. .
Liner EA (2007). "A Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of México". Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University 80: 1–60. (Micrurus bogert, p. 53).
Mata-Silva V, Johnson JD, Wilson LD, García-Padilla E (2015). "The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status". Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62.
Roze, Jánis A. (1967). " A Check List of the New World Venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with Descriptions of New Forms". American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60. (Micrurus bogerti, new species, pp. 9–11, Figure 3).
Micrurus
Reptiles described in 1967
Endemic reptiles of Mexico
Taxa named by Janis Roze |
Ion Budai-Deleanu (January 6, 1760 – August 24, 1820) was a Romanian scholar, philologist, historian, poet, and a representative of the Transylvanian School.
He was born in Csigmó (today Cigmău), a village in the town of Algyógy (today Geoagiu, Hunedoara County), located in the western part of Transylvania. Budai-Deleanu studied at the College of Saint Barbara in Vienna. After completing his doctorate at the University of Erlau, he settled in Lemberg (now Lviv in Ukraine). He finished an epic poem, entitled Țiganiada ("Gypsy Epic"), about a band of gypsies that fought alongside the army of Vlad the Impaler, the medieval ruler of Wallachia.
He was one of the first proponents of the idea of the unification of the lands that now form Romania. He proposed that the union should be achieved under the rule of the Habsburgs, through the annexation of Wallachia and Moldavia into the Grand Principality of Transylvania.
According to Budai-Deleanu, the Dacians did not have a role in the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people. He thought that the Dacians were the ancestors of the Poles.
He promoted the purification of the Romanian language from loanwords, proposing that only borrowings from Italian and French should be permitted. He also strove for the replacement of the Cyrillic script with the Latin alphabet.
Budai-Deleanu died in Lemberg in 1820, aged 60.
Streets în Arad, Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Oradea, Sibiu, and Timișoara are named after him.
References
Sources
1760 births
1820 deaths
People from Geoagiu
Transylvanian School
19th-century Romanian poets
Romanian male poets |
War Feels Like War is a 2004 British documentary film. Made for BBC Storyville and TV 2 (Denmark), it was broadcast in the United States as part of the P.O.V. series. The film "portrays journalists who covered the war in Iraq without the cover of helmets, bullet-proof vests, or the American military."
For three months, in Iraq, Spanish filmmaker Esteban Uyarra followed Jacek Czarnecki, Bengt Kristiansen, Jan Kruse, P.J. O'Rourke, and Stephanie Sinclair, five reporters and photographers, from Denmark, Norway, Poland, and the United States. These journalists circumvented military media control to get access to a different perspective on the Iraq War. As the Coalition of the willing swept into Iraq, some journalists in Kuwait decided to travel in their wake, risking their lives to discover the impact of war on civilians.
The journalists include author P. J. O'Rourke, who was working for ABC Radio, as well as reporters and photographers for news operations ranging from Poland's Radio Zet to Stephanie Sinclair, a photographer for the Chicago Tribune.
Plot
In the film, journalist crews are first seen trying to avoid being penned up in Kuwait City as the war is about to break. Other journalists repeatedly try to get through military zones to capture what is happening.
Once these journalists make it into Iraq, they capture troops at their frazzled ends, cussing. A journalist described a Scud missile "whizzing" by is artfully juxtaposed with a shot of a string of photographers taking a "whiz".
The reporters themselves wrestle with grisly images and the effect it may have on their humanity. One journalist admits she felt, "I'm in over my head", but presses on. Later, she says of a tragic scene she has just witnessed, "If that doesn't affect you, you should find something else to do. That shit should always affect you." The U.S. later bombs the Baghdad hotel where these journalists are staying. After the gunfire stops, a Polish journalist files a radio report that says, "It doesn't look good", adding that a Marine has told him "too many people still have weapons."
Awards and film critics' views
War Feels Like War was awarded Honourable Mention for Best International Documentary by the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
In addition, it was shortlisted for the Silver Wolf Competition in the 2003 International Documentary Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) and was awarded the Jury Prize at the 2004 MovieEye Festival in Moscow.
Esteban Uyarra was also nominated in the Best Newcomer category in the 2004 Grierson British Documentary Awards.
The New York Times wrote:
Baltimore Sun television critic David Zurawik stated:
David Kronke of the Daily News of Los Angeles states:
M. S. Mason of The Christian Science Monitor states:
See also
Media coverage of the Iraq War
Axis of Evil
Baghdad or Bust
Control Room
Kill The Messenger
My Country, My Country
References
External links
2004 television films
2004 films
Documentary films about the Iraq War
Photography in Iraq
POV (TV series) films
British documentary films
2004 documentary films
Documentary films about war photographers
2000s American films
2000s British films |
That Is All is a 2011 satirical almanac by John Hodgman. It is the follow-up to Hodgman's 2008 book More Information Than You Require. It was released November 1, 2011.
That Is All is the third and final part of a trilogy of "COMPLETE WORLD KNOWLEDGE". This series of books is a collective whole, featuring continuous page numbering - that is, the last page of The Areas of My Expertise is page 236, and the first page of More Information Than You Require is page 237. "That Is All" starts on page 607.
One of the book's topics is preparation for the upcoming end of the world. Each page includes a fictionalized calendar of events leading to the end of the world on December 21, 2012. Hodgman refers to this time as Ragnarök. The book's other topics include sports, wine, and a list of seven hundred ancient and unspeakable gods.
References
External links
Author site
NY Journal of Books Review
Kirkus Review
Mental Floss Review
2011 non-fiction books
Dutton Penguin books
Books by John Hodgman |
Black Smith is a 1974 album by jazz musician Jimmy Smith. Produced by Jerry Peters and Michael Viner
Track listing
"Hang 'Em High" (Dominique Frontiere) 6:17
"I'm Gonna Love You Just a Little Bit More Baby" (Barry White) 4:31
"Joy" (Johann Sebastian Bach) 3:30
"Ooh Poo Pah Doo" (Jessie Hill) 3:11
"Why Can't We Live Together" (Timmy Thomas) 5:26
"Groovin'" (Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere) 3:03
"Pipeline" (Bob Spickard, Brian Carman) 7:58
"Wildflower" (David Richardson, Doug Edwards) 6:05
"Something You Got" (Chris Kenner) 4:00
External links
1974 albums
Albums produced by Jerry Peters
Jazz-funk albums
Jazz fusion albums by American artists
MGM Records albums |
Veronika Shulga (born April 24, 1981) is a Ukrainian football goalkeeper, currently playing in the Ukrainian Women's League for Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv. Having started her career in the Ukrainian Championship's Lehenda Chernihiv, from 1999 she developed it mostly in Russia, also playing for Energiya Voronezh, Lada Togliatti, CSK VVS Samara, Nadezhda Noginsk and Ryazan VDV, with which she won the 2000 title.
She has been a member of the Ukrainian national team.
References
1981 births
Living people
Ukrainian women's footballers
WFC Lehenda-ShVSM Chernihiv players
WFC Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv players
Expatriate women's footballers in Russia
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Ryazan-VDV players
Women's association football goalkeepers
CSP Izmailovo players
FC Lada Togliatti (women) players
FC Energy Voronezh players
CSK VVS Samara (women's football club) players |
is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Miyazaki was born in Yamaga on February 6, 1981. After graduating from high school, he joined J1 League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima in 1999. Although he played several matches in 2001, he could hardly play in the match at the club in 3 seasons. In 2002, he moved to J2 League club Avispa Fukuoka. He played many matches as regular player and the club was promoted to J1 from 2006. Although his opportunity to play decreased from 2006 and the club was relegated to J2 in a year. In 2008, he moved to J2 club Montedio Yamagata. He played many matches and the club was promoted to J1 from 2009. His opportunity to play decreased from 2010 and the club finished at bottom place in 2011 and was relegated to J2 from 2012. In 2012, he moved to J2 club Tokushima Vortis. He played many matches and the club was promoted to J1 from 2014. Although his opportunity to play decreased and the club finished at bottom place in 2014 and was relegated to J2 from 2015. He retired end of 2014 season.
Club statistics
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Association football people from Kumamoto Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Montedio Yamagata players
Tokushima Vortis players
Men's association football midfielders |
Yoko is an arrondissement in the Plateau department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Sakété. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 10,543.
References
Populated places in the Plateau Department
Arrondissements of Benin |
Wilhem Walter Rudolph Max Seelmann-Eggebert (17 April 1915 – 19 July 1988) was a German radiochemist. He was son of Erich Eggebert and Edwig Schmidt.
He was a student of Otto Hahn at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry, where, after 1939, he worked with Fritz Strassmann on nuclear fission.
In 1949, he joined the University of Tucuman in Argentina as a professor of chemistry. Later he created the radiochemistry group at the Buenos Aires University and at the National Atomic Energy Commission, working together with other notable pioneers of radiochemistry, such as Sara Abecasis, Gregorio Baro, Juan Flegenheimer, Jaime Pahissa-Campá, María Cristina Palcos, Enzo Ricci, Renato Radicella, Plinio Rey, Josefina Rodríguez, and Maela Viirsoo, just to mention a few. During his Argentinian years his group discovered 20 new nuclides.
In 1955, Otto Hahn invited him to come back to Germany for the reconstruction of radiochemistry studies in the country. He became professor in Mainz before creating and managing the Radiochemistry Institute from the Karlsruhe Kernforschungszentrum, now the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
In 1958, together with Gerda Pfennig, he edited the first "Karlsruher Nuklidkarte" which has become a basic element both for nuclear scientists and education.
External links
KIT
FLEGENHEIMER, J. (2014). The mystery of the disappearing isotope. Revista Virtual de Química, V. XX. Available at http://www.uff.br/RVQ/index.php/rvq/article/viewFile/660/450
20th-century German chemists
Radiochemistry
1915 births
1988 deaths |
John Gunning (1734–1798), was an English surgeon.
Background and early career
He was born at Swainswick, the son of John Gunning (died 1774) and his wife Elizabeth Lymen; and was educated at Winchester College from 1747. The eldest son, he was disinherited by his father.
Gunning was the assistant surgeon to St. George's Hospital, London, from 21 January 1760 to 4 January 1765, and full surgeon from that date till his death. In 1773 he was elected Steward of Anatomy by the Surgeons' Company, but paid a fine rather than serve. In 1789 he was elected Examiner on the death of Percivall Pott, and in the same year he was chosen Master of the Company, and signalised his year of office by a firm effort to reform its administration and reorganise its work.
In attacking the perquisites of the courts of assistants and of examiners he was outspoken. His philippic on retiring from office on 1 July 1790 was preserved by John Flint South:
"Your theatre", he says, in his last address, "is without lectures, your library-room without books is converted into an office for your clerk, and your committee-room is become his eating-parlour … If, gentlemen, you make no better use of the hall than what you have already done, you had better sell it, and apply the money for the good of the company in some other way".
The Court of Assistants appointed a committee to consider the question, and reforms were effected. In 1790 Gunning was appointed the first professor of surgery; but he soon resigned on the plea that it occupied too much of his time, and no new appointment was made.
Gunning was appointed Surgeon-General of the army in 1793, on the death of John Hunter; he was also senior Surgeon Extraordinary to George.
Conflict with John Hunter
Gunning was in general opposed to his colleague at St. George's, John Hunter, who was frequently overbearing to his professional brethren, and appeared to them to neglect the proper business of a surgeon for unpractical pursuits. The quarrel rose to a great pitch when a surgeon was elected in succession to Charles Hawkins (1750–1816), who had resigned. Thomas Keate (1745–1821) was supported by Gunning, and Everard Home by Hunter, and after a sharp contest Keate was elected. A dispute ensued about fees for surgical lectures, which led to a controversy between Gunning, senior surgeon, supported by two of his colleagues, and Hunter. It ended in John Hunter's death on 16 October 1793.
The sale of Surgeon's Hall
In 1796 it was determined to sell the Surgeons' Hall on account of the expense attending its repair; but on 7 July Gunning, on behalf of the committee, reported that as no one had bid within £200 of the price set upon it, it had been bought in. At the same court Henry Cline was elected a member of the Court of Assistants, in the absence of a governor (one having just died, and the other being blind and paralysed in Warwickshire). This voided the charter. A bill brought into parliament in 1797 to indemnify the company, and to give it greater power over the profession, after passing the commons, was lost in the House of Lords by the influence of Thurlow, owing, it is said, to a grudge against Gunning. Thurlow having said, "There's no more science in surgery than in butchery" (a remark apparently prompted by his brother's death while undergoing treatment by Hunter). Gunning had retorted: "Then, my lord, I heartily pray that your lordship may break your leg, and have only a butcher to set it".
Gunning died at Bath on 14 February 1798.
Family
Gunning married in 1768 Dorothy, sister of Richard Warren, Physician to the King. They had five children, a son John (1777–1847) who did not marry, and four daughters. His nephew John Gunning (1773–1863) became a military surgeon; he was son of the Rev. Joseph Gunning (died 1806).
References
Attribution
18th-century births
1798 deaths
18th-century English medical doctors |
Chris Forney (April 21, 1878 – September 14, 1912) was an American tennis player. He competed in the men's singles event at the 1904 Summer Olympics.
References
1878 births
1912 deaths
American male tennis players
Olympic tennis players for the United States
Tennis players at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing |
David Lill (born 17 February 1947) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Cambridge United, Hull City and Rotherham United.
External links
David Lill stats at Neil Brown stat site
English men's footballers
English Football League players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
1947 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from the East Riding of Yorkshire |
Lieutenant-General Sir Edwin Markham (28 March 1833 – 1 April 1918) was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey in 1892.
Early life
Markham was born in Aberford, Yorkshire on 28 March 1833, the son of Colonel William Markham and Lucy Anne Markham.
Military career
Markham was educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He passed out and commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1850 Markham served in the Crimean War. Markham served the Eastern campaign of 1854, and up to January 1855, including the affair of M'Kenzie's Farm, the Battle of Alma and the Battle of Inkerman, the Siege of Sevastopol and repulse of the Russian sortie on 26 October 1854 (he was awarded the medal with three clasps, appointed a Knight of the Legion of Honor and awarded the Turkish Medal). In 1855, he took command of the 2nd Division in the Crimea. He served in India in 1858, and was present at the action of Secundra on 23 January 1858 (he was awarded the medal). He was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Jersey in 1892 and went on to be Director General of Ordnance in 1896 before being made Governor and Commandant of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1898. He became incapacitated in July 1902.
Family
On 8 February 1877 at Woolwich he married Emily Evelyn Lucy Stopford (1854-1919). They had two sons and a daughter (Muriel Markham, Montagu Wilfred Markham and Edwyn Guy Markham). Markham died on 1 April 1918 in Brighton, Sussex, aged 85.
References
|-
1833 births
1918 deaths
Military personnel from Leeds
British Army lieutenant generals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Royal Artillery officers
Governors of Jersey
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
Commandants of Sandhurst |
Free-market democracy, consumer's democracy, or the market's economic democracy, is an economic state of affairs where the power to dispose of the means of production, belonging to the entrepreneurs and capitalists, can only be acquired by means of the consumers' ballot, held daily in the market-place. There is no equality
of vote in this democracy; some have plural votes. But the greater voting power which the disposal of a greater income implies can only be acquired and maintained by the test of election. Examples of free-market democracy are laissez-faire capitalism or anarcho-capitalism, where votes are represented by the voluntary interaction of free people subject to the self-ownership and the non-aggression principle. In case of monetary exchange interactions this is sometimes referred to as dollar voting. In these economic systems, in contrast to ballot votes in political democracy, every voter gets to vote at any and all time and for any one willing to accept votes. Some people just get to cast more votes than others, because they received more votes.
The free-market democracy satisfies the Liberal democratic basic order definition of democracy, take for example Liberland, because:
This political system allows for elections of representatives of parliament (composed of multiple members/parties) under universal suffrage of citizens, and parliamentary voting to establish a government. This is commonly understood as self-determination of a nation.
Parliamentary ratification of legislation by large majority is required. All legal rules/laws, whether legislative, statutory or adjudicative, must satisfy the right to self-ownership and the non-aggression principle. Therefore the political participation system is free from political tyranny, and the economic participation system is free from economic tyranny like for example economic totalitarianism.
Many liberal or libertarian human rights follow from the principles of self-ownership, non-aggression and liberty of action only restricted by the non-aggression principle. This includes: (1) the right to life, understood as self-ownership, prohibition on aggressive homicide, the right to self-defense and the parental care duty; and (2) the right to free development, understood as the right to own property, and right to establish contract, commonly called economic liberty.
The political system implements the separation of powers, including judicial system with judges elected by the judicial election council, whose members are representatives from and elected by respectively, the council, the executive government, and direct by the people, establishing judicial independence. The authorities of the state's powers follow only form the constitution specifying the administrative law. The justice system allows for private prosecution of all individuals including state members establishing government accountability.
Political parties are not subsidized by the state and every member has the equal right of voluntary exchange to receive party support establishing the 'equal chances' interpretation of 'equal opportunity' for parties.
Free-market democrats also characterized as libertarians are therefore not anti-democratic, both in the sense of the above definition and as a type of democracy.
References
Free market
Macroeconomic theories |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Harrison County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Harrison County, Texas. There are one district and 17 individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. Thirteen individually listed properties are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks of which two are State Antiquities Landmarks including one that is also a State Historic Site. The district contains additional Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
The publicly disclosed locations of National Register properties and districts may be seen in a mapping service provided.
|}
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas
List of Texas State Historic Sites
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Harrison County
References
External links
Registered Historic Places
Harrison County
Buildings and structures in Harrison County, Texas |
Craugastor palenque is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae.
It is found in Guatemala and Mexico.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
palenque
Amphibians described in 2000
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Taipei Japanese School (TJS) is a Japanese international school located in Shilin District, Taipei. TJS was established in 1947 and mainly serves the children (up to junior high school) of Japanese expatriates in Taiwan.
Traditionally, TJS students have returned to Japan to commence their high school education, while a minority choose to attend Taipei American School, which is located across the street. Among the TJS students who chose the latter option was Taiwanese-Japanese actor Takeshi Kaneshiro. TJS moved to its current location in Tianmu in 1983.
With the departure of many Japanese expatriate families from Taiwan during the 1990s, TJS saw its enrollment decline significantly between 1990 and 2010. However, enrollment began to bounce back by the 2010s.
Notable alumni
Takeshi Kaneshiro, actor
Yuriko Ishida, actress
Hikari Ishida, actress
Asei Kobayashi, composer
See also
Republic of China-aligned Chinese international schools in Japan:
Osaka Chinese School
Tokyo Chinese School
Yokohama Overseas Chinese School
References
Dohi, Yutaka (土肥 豊; Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education). "The Present Situation and the Problems of the Japanese Schools in Taiwan" (台湾の日本人学校の現状と課題 ; Archive). Journal of Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education (大阪総合保育大学紀要) (5), 153-172, 2011-03-20. Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education. See profile at CiNii. English abstract available. Article available from the Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education Library.
Notes
Further reading
Available online
Osaki, Hirofumi (大崎 博史 Ōsaki Hirofumi; 国立特殊教育総合研究所教育相談部). "中国・広州日本人学校,香港・香港日本人学校小学部香港校,台湾・台北日本人学校における特別支援教育の実情と教育相談支援" (Archive). 世界の特殊教育 21, 57-63, 2007-03. National Institute of Special Needs Education (独立行政法人国立特別支援教育総合研究所). - See profile at CiNii.
Not available online
Ikezaki Yatsuo (池崎 八生; Oita University教育福祉科学部) and Kimie Ikezaki (池崎 喜美恵 Ikezaki Kimie; Tokyo Gakugei University生活科学学科). "Actual condition of industrial arts and home economics, information education in The Japanese school (Taipei, Taichu)" (日本人学校における技術・家庭科教育および情報教育の現状(第1報) : 台北・台中日本人学校の中学部の生徒を対象に ). The Research Bulletin of the Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University (大分大学教育福祉科学部研究紀要) 23(2), 381-394, 2001-10. Oita University. See profile at CiNii. See profile at Oita University Library (大分大学学術情報拠点).
Ikezaki, Yatsuo (池崎 八生; Oita University教育福祉科学部情報教育コース) and Kimie Ikezaki (池崎 喜美恵 Ikezaki Kimie; Tokyo Gakugei University教育学部生活科学学科). "Actual Condition of Industrial arts and Home Economics, Information Education in Japanese School (2nd report) : Students in Taiwan" (日本人学校における技術・家庭科教育および情報教育の現状(第2報) : 台湾在住の児童・生徒を対象に). The Research Bulletin of the Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University (大分大学教育福祉科学部研究紀要). 26(1), 151-165, 2004-04. Oita University. See profile at CiNii.
Tsutsumi, Noboru (堤 登 Tsutsumi Noboru; 前台北日本人学校校長・大阪府豊能町立光風台小学校校長). "珠玉の3年間 : 台北日本人学校での教育実践を通して." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 24, 125-128, 2001. Tokyo Gakugei University. See profile at CiNii.
平田 幸男. "活用事例 海外日本人学校における校内ネットワーク整備について--台北日本人学校での経過報告." Computer & Education (コンピュータ & エデュケーション) 16, 43-46, 2004. CIEC. See profile at CiNii.
平田 幸男 (神戸市立千代が丘小学校). "海外日本人学校における校内ネットワーク整備について:―台北日本人学校での経過報告―." Computer & Education (コンピュータ & エデュケーション) 16(0), 43-46, 2004. CIEC. See profile at CiNii. Available at J-Stage and Crossref.
今井 美樹. "台北日本人学校夏祭り." 交流 (836), 21-23, 2010-11 . 交流協会. See profile at CiNii.
宇野 光道. "台北日本人学校における指導実践 (海外子女教育<特集>)." The Monthly Journal of Mombusho (文部時報) (1196), p64-67, 1977-01. ぎょうせい. See profile at CiNii.
平川 惣一. "海外あちらこちら 台北日本人学校における国際結婚家庭子女の現状と課題." 教育じほう (622), 86-88, 1999-11. 東京都新教育研究会. See profile at CiNii.
External links
Official website
International schools in Taipei
Taipei
Taipei
1947 establishments in Japan
Educational institutions established in 1947 |
Hah or HAH may refer to:
Laughter
Air Comores International, a defunct airline
Hah (Korean surname)
Hahon language
Hang Hau station, in Hong Kong
Heaven and Hell (Black Sabbath album), released in 1980
Him & Her (TV series)
Heh (god), a figure in Egyptian mythology
HAH, the IATA code for Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport in Moroni, Comoros
See also
Ha (disambiguation)
Heh (disambiguation)
Huh (disambiguation) |
The Economic Freedom Fund (EFF) is a 527 group started in 2006 by Bob J. Perry, with a $5 million donation. Only one person is officially associated with the group: Charles H. Bell Jr., a lawyer from California, who is the general counsel for the California Republican Party, and the Republican National Lawyers Association's vice president for the election education advisory council.
The $5 million initial donation makes the EFF one of the top ten 527 groups in the 2006 election cycle in terms of receipts.
EFF says its aim is to "educate the public concerning issues related to the preservation of economic freedom, the promotion of economic growth and prosperity for the people of the United States of America."
Focus of efforts
All of EFF's campaign ads to date attack Democratic candidates. So far the attacks have been on:
John Barrow (D-GA)
Leonard Boswell (D-IA)
Baron Hill (challenger in Indiana's 9th District)
Jim Marshall (D-GA)
Alan Mollohan (D-WV)
Darlene Hooley (D-OR)
Push polls
Indiana
In September 2006, the group may have violated a 1988 Indiana law that bars companies from placing a prerecorded, automated call to a person unless a real person, in a live conversation, first speaks and gets permission to play the recorded portion of the call. The calls were in support of incumbent Representative Mike Sodrel, and were a classic push poll, designed to smear Sodrel's opponent, Baron Hill, while appearing to be a legitimate survey. After at least seven complaints were made to the state attorney general's office, the campaign notified the office that they had halted the calls. The Indiana law allows for a penalty of up to $5,000 per violation (per call made, not per complaint).
In late September, FreeEats.com, the northern Virginia company that makes automated political phone calls, filed a lawsuit in federal court in Indianapolis, asking that the court direct the Indiana attorney general to stop enforcing the state law. The company argued that the state law violated free speech rights under the United States and Indiana constitutions, and that the ban was an unconstitutional restraint on interstate commerce.
Indiana attorney general Steve Carter sued the EFF earlier in September, in Brown County Circuit Court after receiving 12 consumer complaints about the calls. The state's lawsuit seeks injunctions to stop them and fines of $5,000 for each violation. A hearing in the case is set for September 27.
Other states
The group apparently used the same "push poll" approach in races in Iowa and Georgia in September 2006.
See also
Americans for Honesty on Issues
Free Enterprise Fund
Bob J. Perry
References
External links
EFF website
SourceWatch
"Shadowy Attack Group Uses Shadowy Calling Firm"
527 organizations
2006 establishments in California |
MURCS association (a variant of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome) is a very rare developmental disorder that primarily affects the reproductive and urinary systems involving MUllerian agenesis, Renal agenesis, Cervicothoracic Somite abnormalities. It affects only females.
Signs and symptoms
Genetics
Genetic heterogeneity is observed in MURCS association.
Diagnosis
Abbreviations: FSH follicle stimulating hormone, LH luteinizing hormone, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, US ultrasonography
aTransabdominal US should be considered in younger patients.
Treatment
Management of vaginal agenesis: correction of vaginal agenesis in MRKH syndrome with creation of a functional neovagina has been a hallmark in the treatment. Various different surgical and non-surgical methods have been suggested for vaginal construction.
Infertility and uterus transplantation (UTx): Uterus transplantation (UTx) has now emerged as the first true infertility treatment for women with MRKH syndrome and giving them full (gestational, genetic, legal) motherhood from start.
Notes
References
Herlin, M.K., Petersen, M.B. & Brännström, M. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: a comprehensive update. Orphanet J Rare Dis 15, 214 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-020-01491-9
External links
Congenital disorders
Rare diseases
Congenital disorders of female genital organs
Syndromes affecting the kidneys |
Richard D. McKirahan Jr. is an American philosopher and Edwin Clarence Norton Professor of Classics and Professor of Philosophy at Pomona College in Claremont, California. He is known for his works on Pre-Socratics.
Early life and education
McKirahan attended the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Oxford as a Marshall Scholar before completing his doctorate at Harvard University.
Career
McKirahan began teaching at Pomona in 1987. He is the president of the Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy, a position he has held since 2012.
Books
References
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
American philosophy academics
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Pomona College faculty
American scholars of ancient Greek philosophy
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Harvard University alumni
Marshall Scholars |
Eric-Nathan Marvin Kendricks (born February 29, 1992) is an American football linebacker for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at UCLA. As a senior in 2014, he won the Butkus Award as the nation's top collegiate linebacker. Kendricks was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the second round of the 2015 NFL Draft.
Early years
Kendricks was born to Yvonne Thagon and Marvin Kendricks, a former running back for UCLA who played professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He grew up with older brother Mychal and younger sister Danielle. They were raised by Thagon, their single mother, who had split from their father, Marvin, who became addicted to crack cocaine. By the time Kendricks started high school, Marvin cleaned himself up. He married and took a job, and arranged with Thagon to be involved in his kids' lives.
High school career
Kendricks attended Herbert Hoover High School in Fresno, California, where he earned three letters for coach Pat Plummer playing linebacker, quarterback, running back, kicker, and punter and serving as team captain his junior and senior seasons. He was teammates with his brother as a sophomore in 2007. As a junior in 2008, he was named first-team All-league defense and was credited with 85 tackles and two sacks, as well as 10 touchdowns on offense. As a senior in 2009, he registered 117 tackles and two interceptions on defense and scored 14 touchdowns on offense. For his senior season efforts, he was named first-team All-league defense by the Fresno Bee. Kendricks also earned multiple letters in basketball (team captain and first-team All-league in '09) for coach Nick French and baseball (first-team All-league in '09 and '10) for coach Sam Flores. He was named 2010 male Tri-Athlete of the Year at his school.
Regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Kendricks was ranked No. 60 among outside linebackers and No. 92 among all players in the state of California. Also viewed as a three-star prospect by Scout.com, he was rated No. 42 among middle linebackers nationally and No. 88 in California. He was named to the GoldenStatePreps.com All-State third-team and All-NorCal first-team. Kendricks committed to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to play college football in November 2009.
College career
Kendricks played for the Bruins from 2010 to 2014. After redshirting in 2010, Kendricks played in 14 games with three starts as a redshirt freshman in 2011. He finished the season ranking second on the team in tackles with 76, tied for fourth with 4.5 tackles for loss and tied for second with two sacks. He earned an honorable mention Freshman All-American by College Football News and honorable mention Pac-12 All-Academic team. He also received the John Boncheff Jr. Memorial team award for Rookie of the Year at the annual team banquet.
As a 14-game starter as a sophomore in 2012, Kendricks was named honorable mention All-Pac-12 by the coaches, received the Donn Moomaw Award for Outstanding Defensive Player against USC at the annual team awards banquet and was an honorable mention academic All-conference. He led the Pac-12 in tackles with an average of 10.64, a mark which ranked 11th in the nation, becoming the first Bruin to lead the conference in tackles since Spencer Havner in 2004. Kendricks also returned two fumbles for touchdowns (Houston, at Washington State), blocked a punt (USC) and made his first career interception (USC). His total of 150 tackles was the most by a Bruin player since Jerry Robinson registered a school-record 161 stops in 1978. He recorded nine games with double-digit tackles, including in each of the last seven games of the season.
In Kendricks' 2013 junior campaign, he led the team in tackles for the second straight season with 105 tackles and ranked third in the Pac-12 in tackles average with an 8.8 per game mark. He was an honorable mention All-conference academic team. He was awarded the N.N. Sugarman Award for Best Leadership on defense, the UCLA Captains Award and the Bruin Force Award at the team banquet.
Kendricks entered his senior season in 2014 as a starter for the third straight year. He led the Football Bowl Subdivision with 149 solo tackles, and set the UCLA record for career tackles with 481, breaking the previous mark of 468 set by Jerry Robinson (1976–1978). In the Bruins' 40–35 win over Kansas State in the Alamo Bowl, Kendricks was named the game's defensive most valuable player after recording 10 tackles, including three tackles for loss. For the season, he won the Butkus Award, given annually to the top linebacker in college football and becoming UCLA's first winner. The Walter Camp Football Foundation selected him as a second-team All-American, and he was also named second-team All-Pac-12.
College statistics
Awards and honors
Second-team All-American (2014)
Second-team All-Pac-12 (2014)
Alamo Bowl Defensive MVP (2015)
Butkus Award (2014)
Lott Trophy (2014)
Professional career
Pre-draft
Kendricks solidified his status as one of the draft's top linebackers with an impressive performance at the 2015 NFL Combine; his 4.61 40-yard dash was one of the fastest times among linebackers. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, he was ranked as the top inside linebacker prospect by DraftScout.com, the second ranked inside linebacker by NFL analyst Charles Davis, the third best linebacker prospect by Sports Illustrated and was ranked the fourth best linebacker prospect by NFL analyst Mike Mayock.
Minnesota Vikings
The Minnesota Vikings selected Kendricks in the second round with the 45th overall pick in the 2015 NFL Draft. The Vikings also selected former UCLA linebacker Anthony Barr in the previous draft, reuniting the teammates in the NFL. Kendricks was the sixth linebacker drafted in 2015.
On May 7, 2015, the Minnesota Vikings signed Kendricks to a four-year, $5.15 million contract that included $2.67 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $2.00 million.
2015 season
Throughout training camp, Kendricks competed to be the starting middle linebacker against Audie Cole and Gerald Hodges. Head coach Mike Zimmer named Kendricks the backup middle linebacker to begin the regular season, behind starter Gerald Hodges.
He made his professional regular season debut in the Minnesota Vikings' season-opener at the San Francisco 49ers and made one solo tackle during their 20–3 loss. On October 4, 2015, Kendricks earned his first career start during a 23–20 loss at the Denver Broncos. He finished the Week 4 loss with four solo tackles and made his first career sack on Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning for a six-yard loss during the second quarter. On October 7, 2015, the Minnesota Vikings traded Gerald Hodges to the San Francisco 49ers, effectively making Kendricks the starting middle linebacker for the remainder of the season. In Week 6, Kendricks collected a season-high ten combined tackles (nine solo) during a 16–10 victory against the Kansas City Chiefs in Week 6. His ten combined tackles tied a franchise record by a rookie, along with Harrison Smith in 2012 and Malik Boyd in 1994. On October 25, 2015, Kendricks recorded six solo tackles and a season-high two sacks on quarterback Matthew Stafford as the Vikings defeated the Detroit Lions 28–19. On October 29, 2015, Kendricks was named the NFL Defensive Rookie for the month of October, when he posted 20 combined tackles, four sacks and 5 quarterback pressures in just three games. He became the first Vikings defensive player to win Rookie of the Month honors since Kevin Williams did it in 2003, and the eighth to win it overall. The last Vikings player to be selected Rookie of the Month was Cordarrelle Patterson in December 2013. Kendricks was inactive for two games (Weeks 9–10) due to a rib injury. While playing 14 games in 2015, Kendricks became the first rookie to lead the Vikings in tackles (92) since Rip Hawkins in 1961, helping Mike Zimmer's team win its first NFC North title in six years before falling to the Seahawks in the NFC Wild Card Game. He also posted 4.0 sacks, which is tied with Anthony Barr for the 2nd-most sacks by a rookie linebacker in team history, trailing only Dwayne Rudd, who finished his rookie season in 2015 with 5.0 sacks. On January 19, 2016, Kendricks was named to the Pro Football Writers of America's (PFWA) 2015 NFL All-Rookie team. Kendricks led the Vikings defense in tackles as a rookie with 92 total tackles, marking the first time a rookie has led the club in tackles since Rip Hawkins in 1961. Kendricks completed his rookie campaign with a total of 92 combined tackles (72 solo), four sacks, and one pass deflection in 14 games and 11 starts.
2016 season
After missing the entire preseason due to a hamstring injury he suffered early in training camp, Kendricks returned for the season opener game to bring back his first career interception 77 yards for a touchdown and post six tackles, including one for a loss, in Minnesota's 25–16 win over the Tennessee Titans at Nissan Stadium. His interception return late in the third quarter gave the Vikings their first lead of the game at 12–10 and was the sixth-longest by a Vikings linebacker ever and the longest interception return in the NFL during a Kickoff Weekend since Harrison Smith's 81 yarder at St. Louis in 2014. For his stellar performance in week 1, Kendricks earned NFC Defensive Player of the Week honors, becoming the eighth different Viking to win the award under head coach Mike Zimmer. In Week 5, Kendricks was stellar in coverage against the Houston Texans, as he gave up just two receptions on seven targets for 19 yards and broke up a pass according to Pro Football Focus (PFF).
2017 season
In 2017, Kendricks started all 16 games, recording a career-high and team-leading 113 tackles.
2018 season
On April 16, 2018, Kendricks signed a five-year, $50 million contract extension with the Vikings with $25 million guaranteed. He played in and started 14 games. He finished the season with 108 tackles, two interceptions, one sack and a forced fumble.
2019 season
In Week 6 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Kendricks forced a fumble on tight end Zach Ertz that was recovered by teammate Anthony Barr in the 38–20 win. In Week 7 against the Detroit Lions, Kendricks recorded a team high 12 tackles in the 42–30 win. In Week 16 against the Green Bay Packers on Monday Night Football, Kendricks recovered a fumble forced by Anthony Barr on Aaron Jones and recovered another fumble forced by Harrison Smith on Davante Adams during the 23–10 loss. During Kendricks' second fumble recovery, he suffered a quad injury and was forced to exit the game.
In the Divisional Round of the playoffs against the San Francisco 49ers, Kendricks intercepted a pass thrown by Jimmy Garoppolo and returned it for four yards during the 27–10 loss.
2020–2022 seasons
In Week 9 2020 season against the Detroit Lions, Kendricks recorded his first interception of the season off a pass thrown by Matthew Stafford during the 34–20 win.
On March 6, 2023, the Vikings released Kendricks.
Los Angeles Chargers
On March 14, 2023, Kendricks signed a two-year, $13.25 million contract with the Los Angeles Chargers.
NFL career statistics
Personal life
Kendricks' brother, Mychal, plays linebacker in the NFL. Their father led the Bruins in rushing in 1970 and 1971. Kendricks is the only active NFL player to be born on a leap day.
References
External links
Los Angeles Chargers bio
UCLA Bruins bio
1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Clovis, California
Players of American football from Fresno County, California
American football linebackers
UCLA Bruins football players
Minnesota Vikings players
Los Angeles Chargers players
National Conference Pro Bowl players |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package v5
import (
"net/http"
"reflect"
"testing"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/lib/go-tc"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/lib/go-util"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/lib/go-util/assert"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/traffic_ops/testing/api/utils"
"github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/traffic_ops/toclientlib"
client "github.com/apache/trafficcontrol/v8/traffic_ops/v5-client"
)
func TestProfilesImport(t *testing.T) {
WithObjs(t, []TCObj{CDNs, Types, Parameters, Profiles, ProfileParameters}, func() {
methodTests := utils.TestCase[client.Session, client.RequestOptions, tc.ProfileImportRequest]{
"POST": {
"OK when VALID request": {
ClientSession: TOSession,
RequestBody: tc.ProfileImportRequest{
Profile: tc.ProfileExportImportNullable{
Name: util.Ptr("GLOBAL"),
Description: util.Ptr("Global Traffic Ops profile"),
CDNName: util.Ptr("cdn1"),
Type: util.Ptr("UNK_PROFILE"),
},
Parameters: []tc.ProfileExportImportParameterNullable{
{
ConfigFile: util.Ptr("global"),
Name: util.Ptr("tm.instance_name"),
Value: util.Ptr("Traffic Ops CDN"),
},
{
ConfigFile: util.Ptr("global"),
Name: util.Ptr("tm.toolname"),
Value: util.Ptr("Traffic Ops"),
},
},
},
Expectations: utils.CkRequest(utils.NoError(), utils.HasStatus(http.StatusOK),
validateProfilesImport(map[string]interface{}{"Name": "GLOBAL", "CDNName": "cdn1",
"Description": "Global Traffic Ops profile", "Type": "UNK_PROFILE"})),
},
"BAD REQUEST when SPACE in PROFILE NAME": {
ClientSession: TOSession,
RequestBody: tc.ProfileImportRequest{
Profile: tc.ProfileExportImportNullable{
Name: util.Ptr("GLOBAL SPACES"),
Description: util.Ptr("Global Traffic Ops profile"),
CDNName: util.Ptr("cdn1"),
Type: util.Ptr("UNK_PROFILE"),
},
Parameters: []tc.ProfileExportImportParameterNullable{
{
ConfigFile: util.Ptr("global"),
Name: util.Ptr("tm.instance_name"),
Value: util.Ptr("Traffic Ops CDN"),
},
},
},
Expectations: utils.CkRequest(utils.HasError(), utils.HasStatus(http.StatusBadRequest)),
},
},
}
for method, testCases := range methodTests {
t.Run(method, func(t *testing.T) {
for name, testCase := range testCases {
switch method {
case "POST":
t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
resp, reqInf, err := testCase.ClientSession.ImportProfile(testCase.RequestBody, testCase.RequestOpts)
for _, check := range testCase.Expectations {
check(t, reqInf, resp.Response, resp.Alerts, err)
}
})
}
}
})
}
})
}
func validateProfilesImport(expectedResp map[string]interface{}) utils.CkReqFunc {
return func(t *testing.T, _ toclientlib.ReqInf, resp interface{}, _ tc.Alerts, _ error) {
assert.RequireNotNil(t, resp, "Expected Profiles Export response to not be nil.")
profileImportResp := resp.(tc.ProfileImportResponseObj)
profileImport := profileImportResp.ProfileExportImportNullable
for field, expected := range expectedResp {
fieldValue := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(profileImport).FieldByName(field)).String()
assert.RequireNotNil(t, fieldValue, "Expected %s to not be nil.", field)
assert.Equal(t, expected, fieldValue, "Expected %s to be %v, but got %s", field, expected, fieldValue)
}
}
}
``` |
Jacopo Chiavistelli (1618 or 1621 – 27 April 1698) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in his native city of Florence. He trained with Fabrizio Boschi and Michelangelo Colonna. He painted quadratura or painted architecture for the Palazzo Cerretani in Florence.
References
Alessandro Gherardini, Prince Ferdinando de' Medici and the Pitti Palace, by Marco Chiarini The Burlington Magazine, 1985, page 762.
1618 births
1698 deaths
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Painters from Florence
Italian Baroque painters
Quadratura painters |
Emanuel Lousada (26 December 1783—14 December 1854) was a London-born Jewish merchant, slave plantation owner and public office holder with interests in Jamaica and Barbados. He was the High Sheriff of Devon from 1842 until 1843, making him the first Jew to hold the title in a county outside of the Sheriff of London, which had been held first by David Salomons in 1835. Lousada was associated with Peak House, Sidmouth. Lousada owned more than 400 African slaves on his sugarcane plantations in the British West Indies at the time of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. He died a wealthy man, leaving £100,000 in his will (worth £ in ).
Biography
Emanuel Lousada was born to a Sephardic Jewish family at London in 1783 to Isaac Baruh Lousada and Judith Lopes Pereira d'Aguilar, the daughter of philanthropist Diego Lopes Pereira. His parents were married at the Bevis Marks Synagogue on 6 March 1771. Emanuel Lousada's ancestors had been involved in the Atlantic slave trade for several generations, owning sugar cane plantations in Jamaica and Barbados worked by enslaved Africans. He ultimately descends from "Antonio" Moses Baruch (1629—1699) who was born in Portugal, the name "Baruch" is sometimes Anglicised in their case as "Barrow". His grandmother Abigail Lamego (1723—1790) was the great-niece of Manuel Rodrigues Lamego who held the official contract (known as the asiento) for the monopoly on providing the Spanish Empire (in particular the Spanish Americas) with African slaves from Portuguese West Africa from 1 April 1623 to 25 September 1631. Lousada should not be confused with his uncle Emanuel Baruch Lousada (1744—1833).
According to the Legacies of British Slave-Ownership at the University College London, Lousada was awarded a payment as a slave trader in the aftermath of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 with the Slave Compensation Act 1837. The British Government took out a £15 million loan (worth £ in ) with interest from Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Moses Montefiore which was subsequently paid off by the British taxpayers (ending in 2015). Lousada was associated with five different claims in total, the largest slave plantations he owned were the Jamaican plantations of Carlisle in Vere and Banks in St Anne, as well as the Barbadian plantation of Exchange. Lousada owned 424 slaves in Jamaica and Barbados and received a £6,852 payment at the time (worth £ in ). Lousada's family has accrued their wealth through ownership of sugar plantations in the Caribbean over several generations and when Lousada died he left £100,000 in his will (worth £ in ).
Lousada was the High Sheriff of Devon from 1842 until 1843, making him the first Jew to hold the title in a county outside of the Sheriff of London, which had been held first by David Salomons in 1835. He was responsible for the development of Peak House, Sidmouth, Devon.
Personal life
Lousada was married to Jane Goldsmid (1783—1870), the daughter of Abraham Goldsmid (1756—1810) from the noted Ashkenazi Dutch-Jewish banking family. Some of Lousada's relatives in Jamaica had been awarded titles of nobility; in 1759, Charles III of Spain created a member of the family Duke de Losada y Lousada and another was created Marquis di San Miniato by the Grand Duke of Tuscany.
See also
History of the Jews in Jamaica
History of the Jews in Barbados
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
1783 births
1854 deaths
18th-century British Sephardi Jews
19th-century Sephardi Jews
19th-century British Jews
Barbadian planters
Jamaican planters
Jamaican Jews
British Jews
British slave owners
English people of Portuguese-Jewish descent
Recipients of payments from the Slavery Abolition Act 1833
High Sheriffs of Devon
Jamaican slave owners |
The Triumph of Robin Hood (Italian: Il trionfo di Robin Hood) is a 1962 Italian adventure film directed by Umberto Lenzi and starring Don Burnett, Gia Scala and Samson Burke.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Giuseppe Ranieri. It was shot on location in Slovenia and Croatia.
Plot
While King Richard continues his campaign in the Holy Land, his most loyal subjects back in England are led by Robin Hood. Together, Richard's subjects unite to gallantly resist against Baron Elwin, the Sheriff of Nottingham who seeks to enhance his standing with Prince John.
Cast
Don Burnett as Robin Hood
Gia Scala as Anna
Samson Burke as Little John
Vincenzo Musolino as William Gamwell
Gaia Germani as Isabella
Arturo Dominici as Baron Elwin, Sheriff of Nottingham
Enrico Luzi as Scully
Daniela Igliozzi as Madeleine
Vinicio Sofia as Sir Tristan of Goldsborough
Gianni Solaro as Sir Goodman
Maks Furijan as Sir Guy
Nello Pazzafini as Black Peter
Janez Vrhovec as John Lackland
References
Bibliography
Roy Kinnard & Tony Crnkovich. Italian Sword and Sandal Films, 1908–1990. McFarland, 2017.
External links
1962 films
1960s historical adventure films
Italian historical adventure films
1960s Italian-language films
Films directed by Umberto Lenzi
Films set in Nottingham
Films set in England
Robin Hood films
1960s Italian films |
Ski jumping at the 2011 Asian Winter Games was held at International Ski Jump Complex in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The three events were scheduled for January 31–February 4, 2011 with three events contested — all men's.
This was the second time ski jumping was officially added as a medal sport after being included in previous Winter Asiad programs only as a demonstration sport.
Schedule
Medalists
Medal table
Participating nations
A total of 19 athletes from 4 nations competed in ski jumping at the 2011 Asian Winter Games:
References
Normal Hill Individual
Large Hill Individual
Large Hill Team
External links
Official website
Asian Winter Games
2011 Asian Winter Games events
2011 |
Pound (later Flywheel) was an American rock band from Poughkeepsie, New York.
History
Four of the members of Pound were in a New York glam metal band in the early 1990s. Later in the decade, they went on to be signed with EMI Music Publishing working closely with then EMI V.P. Evan Lamberg. Shortly after recording what was to be their first self-titled release they parted ways with original singer Corey Ray DiGiovanni and changed stylistically. In 1999, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, Same Old Life, produced by Tom Lord-Alge. The album's lead single, "Upside Down", which was co-written by original lead singer Corey Ray DiGiovanni, was a rock radio hit in America, reaching No. 16 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart that year. The group left Island in 2000 and reconstituted itself as Flywheel; its first album under the new name was released in 2003. A follow-up release, also self-titled, appeared in 2005.
Members
Pat Gasperini - vocals, guitar (Pound, Flywheel)
Jason Terwilliger - vocals (Pound), guitar (Pound, Flywheel)
Jerry Terwilliger - drums (Pound, Flywheel)
Corey Ray DiGiovanni - guitar / Vocals ( Pound )
Sandy Nardone - bass (Pound, Flywheel)
Jimmy Crifo - drums (Flywheel)
Stephen Bell - vocals (Flywheel)
Discography
Pound
Same Old Life (Island Records, 1999)
Flywheel
Flywheel (Electric Records, 2003)
Flywheel (2005)
References
External links
Flywheel Official Website
Flywheel at MySpace
[ Pound] at Allmusic
Corey Ray DiGiovanni Official Website
Musical groups from New York (state)
American post-grunge musical groups |
Aleksey Nikolayevich Nuzhnyy, real surname is Chernomazov (; born 16 June 1984) is a Russian film director, screenwriter, producer and actor.
Biography
Early life
Nuzhnyy was born in Yoshkar-Ola, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia), studied at the New York Film Academy.
In 2012, Aleksey Nuzhnyy loudly announced himself with a short film Envelope with Kevin Spacey in the title role, where he acted as a screenwriter and director. The film became one of the winners of the Jameson First Shot competition when the film appeared on the Internet - it was watched by more than a million people. After filming, Kevin Spacey called Aleksey a genius and advised domestic producers to pay attention to him. The film The Rooster (ru), released in 2015, received the main prize of the International Street Cinema Festival (ru), the prize for the best screenplay at the Shorter Festival and the Grand Prix of the VideoLike Film Festival.
Filmography (selected)
Yolki 6 (2017)
I Am Losing Weight (2018)
Loud Connection (2019)
Obratnaya svyaz (2020)
Fire (2020)
Couple from the Future (2021)
Birth of the Empire (2023)
Bremenskiye muzykanty (2024)
References
External links
Aleksey Nuzhnyy on kino-teatr.ru
Living people
1984 births
People from Yoshkar-Ola
Russian film directors
Russian screenwriters
Russian producers |
Jang Woo-hyuk (Hangul: 장우혁; Hanja: 張佑赫; born May 8, 1978) is a South Korean singer and rapper. He debuted in 1996 as a member of the best-selling K-pop boy band H.O.T. After the band broke up due to a contract dispute, Jang and two other former members formed the boy band jtL, which was active from 2001 to 2003. Jang also released two full-length albums and two extended plays as a solo artist. He is the founder of talent agency WH Entertainment.
H.O.T.
As a member of H.O.T. he was known for being a dancer of the group, and was known for his strong vocal screams in his rap. His nicknames have been "Hammer Boy" for his famous hammer dance from H.O.T.s debut single; Candy. Another well-known nickname of him was "tough guy". When H.O.T disbanded in 2001, Woo Hyuk and two other H.O.T members; Tony An and Lee Jae Won dropped out of SM and formed the trio jtL.
JTL
When JTL was created, H.O.T. fans had mixed feelings for JTL. Many of JTL's music videos were boycotted and their performance was hindered by the ex-agency SM Entertainment. However, things changed around when JTL held a 'Guerilla Concert' in front of 12,000 fans.
Solo
JTL unofficially disbanded in 2003 as its members began pursuing solo careers. Woo Hyuk became the CEO of Newest Entertainment (a dancing academy).
Woo Hyuk collaborated with Kenzie, Pang Shi Hyuk, and many other talented K-pop musicians. Music lovers thirsting for groovy R&B style beats plus a flair of hip hop all blended with Woo Hyuk's inimitable vocals are well advised to check out the release of No More Drama. To prepare for his solo album, Jang Woo Hyuk underwent 10 months of dance training.
Jang Woo Hyuk has become popular in the Chinese and Taiwanese markets. In a poll held on China's largest portal site, sina.com, Woo Hyuk topped two categories, beating out Rain by 500 votes in the poll: "Who do you think is the most popular South Korean singer in China?" and more than double the votes in dancing. He has expressed his deep interest of making appearances in China and Taiwan. During the beginning of April 2006, he started his first promotion in China and finally created his official fan club in China; however, he has never held a concert in Taiwan.
On December 18, 2009, Jang Woo-Hyuk has recently finished his military service. After his exit, he had a short press conference and said "The biggest difference is my weight. Compared to myself from beginning of the military service, I had lost 14–15 kilograms [c. 30 lb]. Right before I started my military service, I had gained lots of weight." About 50 fans were also present during the press conference. He said to the fans, "I was surprised by the number of fans who came to see me. I will soon come back with an improved version of myself." In 2010 Jang Woo Hyuk signed a contract to sing in China. It is said that he might be rejoining H.O.T.
His new album released May 25 entitled " I am The Future ", with singles including Time is [L]over, I am the Future, and Minimalism.
On May 28 Jang Woo Hyuk made his live comeback with the single " Time Is [L]over " on Strong Heart. The song has garnered interests from netizens, commenting on the videos praising him saying " If i saw him walking in the streets I would have never though he was 33 " and " He is a very good dancer, Eunhyuk was inspired by him thats why they both are very good. "
In July 2011, Jang Woo came out with a new single: Weekend Night.
On November 17, 2022, WH Creative announced that Jang will hold a Winter Story 'From echo' fan meeting, which will take place both online and offline on December 17.
Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Singles
Filmography
Filial Son's Village (2022) - Cast Member
Love in the Office (2015)
The Secret Angel (2012)
Awards
Mnet Asian Music Awards
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
South Korean choreographers
H.O.T. (band) members
South Korean Buddhists
South Korean breakdancers
South Korean male actors
South Korean male idols
South Korean male rappers
South Korean male singers
South Korean pop singers
South Korean hip hop dancers |
Ben Shemen Youth Village (, Kfar HaNo'ar Ben Shemen) is a youth village and agricultural boarding school in central Israel. Located near Ben Shemen and Ginaton, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Modi'in Regional Council. In it had a population of .
History
The village was established in 1927 on the land of the Hadid factory by Siegfried Lehman. Its aim was to endow children with a Zionist ethic, teach them to work the land, and install an appreciation of responsibility. The school's first students were from Kaunas in Lithuania.
In 1947, it had a population of roughly 1,000. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the isolated village was under siege by the Arab Legion; eleven youths were killed in one attempt to bring in supplies.
Notable graduates include Shimon Peres, Shulamit Aloni, Moshe Katsav, Dan Ben Amotz, Ze'ev Gur-Arie (Wolfgang Lotz), Micha Tomkiewicz, Amitai Etzioni, and Haim Saban. Today, it has around 1,000 students, of which 400 live in the village.
References
External links
Official website
Youth villages in Israel
Populated places established in 1927
Jewish villages in Mandatory Palestine
Populated places in Central District (Israel)
1927 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
Lithuanian-Jewish culture in Israel |
Stade Marcel-Verchère is rugby union stadium located in Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain. It is the home ground of Union Sportive Bressane, promoted to Rugby Pro D2 (the second level of French club rugby) for the 2013–14 season. It has a capacity of 11,400. Moreover, the team of Football Bourg-en-Bresse Péronnas 01 playing in this stadium and evolve in Championnat National.
The stadium is named in memory of Marcel Verchère, a Bressane player who died following a violent tackle during a match against Oyonnax on 24 September 1937.
References
Marcel-Verchere
Football venues in France
Sports venues in Ain |
Narayanashrama Tapovanam is an Ashram located at Venginissery village, 10 km South-West of Thrissur city, in Kerala state, India. It was founded by Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha in 1963. The Ashram, which is located in the hillock of Pandava Giri, is a centre for learning and practising Brahmavidya and Vedanta.
The Ashram conducts classes, workshops, discourses interactive Satsangs etc., to explain the messages of Bhagavad Gita, Srimad Bhagavatam, Upanishads and other spiritual Textures, highlighting their application in practical life situations. It has also organized and supported movements for restoration and preservation of traditional and national values, environmental protection, abolition of derogatory practices followed by certain Hindu temples, educational and cultural uplifting of rural children and welfare of the neighbouring villages.
Major activities of the Ashram
Spiritual knowledge dissemination
Jnaana Yajnas: The Ashram conducts Jnaana Yajnas regularly in different locations, under the patronage of Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha, to disseminate knowledge of the ancient spiritual textures of India. The first Jnaana Yajna was held in Jamshedpur in 1964. Afterwards, in addition to Jamshedpur, these are held regularly in other Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Bangalore, as well as in Malaysia and the U.S.A.
‘Srimad Bhagavata Tattva Sameeksha Satram’: This 2 week long elucidation, which details the essential values and ideals of Srimad Bhagavatam, is held in Parlikad in Thrissur district in the month of December every year. It is attended by a large number of people.
Gita Tattva Sameeksha: It includes a series of discourses on Bhagavad Gita, and is conducted every year in Thrissur, in which Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha describes the essence and contents of the texture. The event is being held every year since 1995.
Residential Program on Experiential Vedanta: The Ashram conducts a residential program of 3 months’ duration on Experiential Vedanta every year. The program focuses on the role of scriptural knowledge in spiritual saadhana (practice), and learning spiritual texts like Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads, Vivekachoodamani and Srimad Bhagavatam.
Publications (books and CDs)
The Ashram has published many spiritual books authored by Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha. Many audio and video CDs/DVDs of various discourses, chanting of Vedic hymns etc. have also been published. Vicharasetu (Path of Introspection) an English monthly journal edited by Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha, was started in 1968. It contains articles, correspondence, and summary of discourses by Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha, Swami Nirviseshananda Tirtha and Ma Gurupriya. Hindi and Malayalam versions of the Journal (Vicharasetu and Vicharasarani respectively) are also being published.
Social welfare activities and socio-cultural reforms
The Ashram conducts classes for children on cultural, moral and traditional values. It also organizes ‘Anna-Vastra Daana Satrams’, where rice, clothing etc. are distributed among needy families. Villagers are also provided help in generating self-employment, education, medical treatment.
Led by Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha, the Ashram has stood for abolition of certain unlawful and derogatory practices that were being followed by certain Hindu temples in Kerala. The practice of ‘Thookkam’ at Elavur Puthankavu temple in Ernakulam district, and the singing of obscene songs at the Kodungallur Bharani festival are among them.
Knowledge dissemination centres
The Ashram has the following satellite centres, carrying out its mission in the respective areas.
Centre for Inner Resources Development, Delhi, India
Centre for Inner Resources Development, Jamshedpur, India
Centre for Inner Resources Development, Vienna, Virginia, U.S.A
Society for Inner Resources Development, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
See also
Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha
Vedanta
List of people from Kerala
References
External links
Brahmavidya
Center for Inner Resources Development - North America | Home
http://www.valuefoundation.in
Society For Inner Resources Development, Malaysia – Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha in Malaysia
Ashrams
1963 establishments in Kerala
Organisations based in Thrissur |
Frama-C stands for Framework for Modular Analysis of C programs. Frama-C is a set of interoperable program analyzers for C programs. Frama-C has been developed by the French Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA-List) and Inria. It has also received funding from the Core Infrastructure Initiative. Frama-C, as a static analyzer, inspects programs without executing them. Despite its name, the software is not related to the French project Framasoft.
Architecture
Frama-C has a modular plugin architecture comparable to that of Eclipse (software) or GIMP.
Frama-C relies on CIL (C Intermediate Language) to generate an abstract syntax tree.
The abstract syntax tree supports annotations written in ANSI/ISO C Specification Language (ACSL).
Several modules can manipulate the abstract syntax tree to add ANSI/ISO C Specification Language (ACSL) annotations. Among frequently used plugins are:
Value analysis computes a value or a set of possible values for each variable in a program. This plugin uses abstract interpretation techniques and many other plugins make use of its results.
Jessie verifies properties in a deductive manner. Jessie relies on the Why or Why3 back-end to enable proof obligations to be sent to automatic theorem provers like Z3, Simplify, Alt-Ergo or interactive theorem provers like Coq or Why. Using Jessie, an implementation of bubble-sort or a toy e-voting system can be proved to satisfy their respective specifications. It uses a separation memory model inspired by separation logic.
WP (Weakest Precondition) similar to Jessie, verifies properties in a deductive manner. Unlike Jessie, it focuses on parameterization with regards to the memory model. WP is designed to cooperate with other Frama-C plugins such as the value analysis plug-in, unlike Jessie that compiles the C program directly into the Why language. WP can optionally use the Why3 platform to invoke many other automated and interactive provers.
Impact analysis highlights the impacts of a modification in the C source code.
Slicing enables slicing of a program. It enables generation of a smaller new C program that preserves some given properties.
Spare code removes useless code from a C program.
Other plugins are:
Dominators computes dominators and postdominators of statements.
From analysis computes functional dependencies.
Features
Frama-C can be used for the following purposes:
To understand C code which you have not written. In particular, Frama-C enables one to observe a set of values, slice the program into shorter programs, and navigate in the program.
To prove formal properties on the code. Using specifications written in ANSI/ISO C Specification Language enables it to ensure properties of the code for any possible behavior. Frama-C handles floating point numbers.
To enforce coding standards or code conventions on C source code, by means of custom plugin(s)
To instrument C code against some security flaws
See also
SPARK (programming language)
References
External links
Frama-C discussion list
Frama-C Bug Tracking System
C programming language family
Formal methods tools
Linux software
OCaml software
Science software that uses GTK
Software testing tools
Software that uses Cairo (graphics)
Software using the LGPL license
Static program analysis tools |
Mandisa Mfeka is a South African pilot. She is known to be the first black female combat pilot in South Africa.
Mfeka was born in Ntuzuma in KwaZulu-Natal. She had her secondary education at Queensburgh Girls’ High School. In 2008, she joined the South African Air Force and was enrolled at Central Flying School in Langebaan, Western Cape. She earned her wings in 2011. During President Cyril Ramaphosa’s inauguration, she together with other female pilots, took to the skies in a Hawks formation air display. She is known to have flown one of the five SA Airforce Hawk Mk 120 aircraft over Loftus Versveld Stadium in Pretoria during the president's inauguration.
References
Living people
People from KwaZulu-Natal
South African Air Force officers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Chermsideøya (English: Chermside Island) is a 14 km² island north of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is separated from Nordaustlandet by the 1–2 km wide Beverlysundet. Two km to the east lies the two smaller Castrénøyane (Nordre Castenøya and Søre Castenøya).
Nordkapp (North Cape) on the northern coast is considered the northernmost tip of Svalbard proper, although both Sjuøyane and Karl XII-øya are situated further to the north. Parryøya in Sjuøyane lies some 15 km to the northeast, separated by Nordkappsundet strait.
The island's two highest peaks are Knoll (280 m) on the southwestern half and Tott (230 m) on the northeastern half, named after the cartoon characters The Katzenjammer Kids, which in Norwegian is named Knoll and Tott. The two mountains are divided by Chermsidedalen (Chermside Valley). Area covered with ice: ca. 5 % of total area, approximately 0,7 km2. (numbers from 1990).
The island is named after Herbert Chermside, 1850–1929, later lieutenant-General Sir Herbert Chermside, Governor of Queensland, Australia (1901–07). As lieutenant Chermside, R. E., he accompanied Mr. Leigh Smith on his voyage to Spitsbergen in 1873.
References
Islands of Svalbard
Uninhabited islands of Norway |
Dan Uddenfeldt (born 29 March 1951), is a Swedish chess player, Swedish Chess Championship medalist (1972).
Biography
In 1969 Dan Uddenfeldt participated in the World Junior Chess Championship. In 1970, he represented Sweden at the European Junior Chess Championship. In the 1970s Dan Uddenfeldt was one of the leading Swedish chess players. He was silver medalist of the Swedish Chess Championship in 1972. Dan Uddenfeldt repeatedly participated in the traditional Stockholm international chess tournament Rilton Cup.
Dan Uddenfeldt played for Sweden in the Chess Olympiads:
In 1972, at second reserve board in the 20th Chess Olympiad in Skopje (+3, =5, -3),
In 1974, at first reserve board in the 21st Chess Olympiad in Nice (+7, =3, -4).
Dan Uddenfeldt played for Sweden in the European Men's Team Chess Championship (preliminaries):
In 1977, at third board in the 6th European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+2, =2, -0).
Dan Uddenfeldt played for Sweden in the Nordic Chess Cup:
In 1971, at fifth board in the 2nd Nordic Chess Cup in Großenbrode (+3, =0, -2) and won team gold medal,
In 1973, at fourth board in the 4th Nordic Chess Cup in Ribe (+3, =1, -1) and won team silver medal,
In 1974, at second board in the 5th Nordic Chess Cup in Eckernförde (+1, =3, -1).
In 2017, he with Swedish senior team won bronze medal in World Senior Team Chess Championship.
References
External links
Dan Uddenfeldt chess games at 365chess.com
1951 births
Living people
Swedish chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors |
Cuneus Frisionum or Frisiorum cuneus are the names of units of Frisian auxiliaries in the Roman army.
Two memorial stones in Housesteads, Hexham, England mention the name. They were engraved by soldiers from Twente (Tuihanti) in the 3rd century between 222 and 235, and are dedicated to Mars Thingsus. They were discovered in 1883. One is from a pillar shaped altar and the other from a smaller altar; they are engraved in badly written Latin:
DEO MARTI ET DVABVS ALAISIAGIS ET N AVG GER CIVES TVIHANTI CVNEI FRISIORVM VER SER ALEXANDRIANI VOTVM SOLVERVNT LIBENTES M
and:
DEO MARTI THINCSO DVABVS ET ALAISAGIS BEDE ET FIMMILENE ET N AVG GERM CIVES TVIHANTI VSLM
They mean "To the god Mars and the two Alaisiagae, and to the divine power of the Emperor, the Germanic tribesmen of Tuihantis of the formation of Frisians of Vercovicium, Severus Alexanders's own, willingly and deservedly fulfilled their vow." and "To the god Mars Thincsus and the two Alaisiagae, Beda and Fimmilena, and the divine power of the Emperor, Germanic tribesmen from Tuihantis willingly and deservedly fulfilled their vow."
There are various possible explanations as to why the Tvihanti would be referred to as Frisians, as they were a separate tribe. They may have considered themselves to be Frisian affiliates, they were hired by Frisians on this mission, or, as it is likely that the Tuihanti themselves were illiterate and hired a Roman engraver, the engraver likened them to Frisians.
References
235
Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century
1883 in England
History of Frisia
Buildings and structures in Northumberland
Hadrian's Wall
Military history of Roman Britain |
Jack Dalton Creel (April 23, 1916 – August 13, 2002), nicknamed "Tex", was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1945. The 29-year-old rookie right-hander was a native of Kyle, Texas.
Creel is one of many ballplayers who only appeared in the major leagues during World War II. He made his major league debut in relief on April 22, 1945, against the Cincinnati Reds in a doubleheader at Sportsman's Park. His first major league win came 23 days later, also in relief, in an 8–7 victory over the Boston Braves at Braves Field. He also won his first big league start, an 11–1 decision in a home game against the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Season and career totals for 26 games pitched include a 5–4 record, eight games started, two complete games, 10 games finished, two saves, and an ERA of 4.14 in 87 innings pitched.
Creel died at the age of 86 in Houston, Texas.
Trivia
Even though he pitched just 87 innings in 1945, Creel tied for sixth among National League hurlers with six hit batsmen. By contrast, it took the other two pitchers who were tied with him for sixth an average of 165.1 innings to hit the same number of batters.
Creel was a cousin of former major league pitcher Tex Hughson.
External links
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Texas
St. Louis Cardinals players
1916 births
2002 deaths
People from Kyle, Texas
Sportspeople from Hays County, Texas
Taft Cardinals players |
Ficus simplicissima is an Asian species of fig tree in the family Moraceae.
This species is similar to Ficus triloba and synonyms include Ficus hirta; its native range is Nepal to southern China and Indo-China, Sumatra and Java.
References
External links
simplicissima
Trees of Vietnam
Flora of Indo-China
Flora of Malesia |
Peshtigo River State Forest is a Wisconsin state forest in Marinette and Oconto counties. The forest is on the Peshtigo River and is next to Governor Thompson State Park. Peshtigo River State Forest was established in 2001 and is Wisconsin's newest state forest.
References
External links
Peshtigo River State Forest website
Wisconsin state forests
Protected areas of Marinette County, Wisconsin
Protected areas of Oconto County, Wisconsin
Protected areas established in 2001
2001 establishments in Wisconsin |
is a Japanese investor and businessman best known as the founder of the video game developer Square. Miyamoto graduated from Waseda University in 1983, and joined his father's electric power conglomerate, Den-Yu-Sha as a programmer in their software division. After transforming the games division from a group of generalist programmers into specialists working together on a common project, the group was spun out into its own company in 1986. Miyamoto served as president of the company until 1991, though he remained a major shareholder in the company.
Biography
Square
Miyamoto graduated from Waseda University in 1983, but he was not interested in joining his father's electric power conglomerate, Den-Yu-Sha, instead pondering a career in women's clothing manufacturing. He started his career developing computer games in the software division of Den-Yu-Sha at Yokohama. At the time, game development in Japan was usually conducted by only one programmer. Miyamoto recognized that it would be more efficient to have graphic designers, programmers, and professional story writers working together on common projects. To recruit for this new organizational structure, Miyamoto opened an Internet café-like salon in Yokohama and offered jobs to those who demonstrated exceptional programming skills. This strategy discovered Hisashi Suzuki, who would go on to become CEO of Square, and he in turn recruited Hironobu Sakaguchi, the eventual creator of Final Fantasy. In 1986, Miyamoto spun Square out from Den-Yu-Sha to become an independent company with a focus on making games for the Famicom video game system in Japan. He stepped down as president of Square in 1991.
Square Enix Merger
During the discussion of the merger of Square and Enix in 2002, his approval of the merger was essential because of his major stake in Square. Initially, the ratio of Square shares was to be 1 to .81 shares of Enix, which Miyamoto objected to. When the merger went through, 1 share of Square resulted in 0.85 shares of Enix. Miyamoto made 5 million shares, or 9% of the company, available for purchase in the summer of 2002, but still retained 31.04% ownership. He is as of March 31, 2018 the tenth largest shareholder of Square Enix.
References
Square (video game company)
1957 births
Living people
Japanese businesspeople
Square Enix people
Waseda University alumni |
Cheemalapeta is a village in Peddapalle mandal, Peddapalli district, Telangana, India.
Villages in Peddapalli district |
Hans Otto Georg Hermann Fegelein (30 October 1906 – 28 April 1945) was a high-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany. He was a member of Adolf Hitler's entourage and brother-in-law to Eva Braun through his marriage to her sister Gretl.
Fegelein joined a cavalry regiment of the Reichswehr in 1925 and transferred to the SS on 10 April 1933. He became a leader of an SS equestrian group, and was in charge of preparation for the equestrian events of the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. He tried out for the Olympic equestrian team himself but was eliminated in the qualifying rounds.
In September 1939, after the invasion of Poland, Fegelein commanded the SS Totenkopf Reiterstandarte (Death's-Head Horse Regiment). They were garrisoned in Warsaw until December. In May and June 1940, he participated in the Battle of Belgium and France as a member of the SS-Verfügungstruppe (later renamed the Waffen-SS). For his service in these campaigns he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 15 December 1940. Units under his command on the Eastern Front in 1941 were responsible for the deaths of over 17,000 civilians during the Pripyat Marshes massacres in the Byelorussian SSR. As commander of the 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer in 1943, he was involved in operations against partisans as well as defensive operations against the Red Army, for which he was awarded the Close Combat Clasp in bronze.
After being seriously wounded in September 1943, Fegelein was reassigned by Heinrich Himmler to Hitler's headquarters staff as his liaison officer and representative of the SS. Fegelein was present at the failed attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944. He was on duty at Hitler's Führerbunker in Berlin in the closing months of the war, and was shot for desertion on 28 April 1945, two days before Hitler's suicide. Historian Michael D. Miller describes Fegelein as an opportunist and careerist who ingratiated himself with Himmler, who granted him the best assignments and rapid promotions. Journalist William L. Shirer and historian Ian Kershaw characterise him as cynical and disreputable. Albert Speer called him "one of the most disgusting people in Hitler's circle".
Career
Fegelein was born in Ansbach, Bavaria, to the retired Oberleutnant Hans Fegelein. As a boy working at his father's equestrian school in Munich, he became a proficient rider and participated in jumping events. During this period he met Christian Weber, an original member of the Nazi Party. Weber later sponsored Fegelein's entry into the Schutzstaffel (SS).
In 1925, after studying for two terms at Munich University, Fegelein joined the Reiter-Regiment 17 (Cavalry Regiment 17). On 20 April 1927, he joined the Bavarian State Police in Munich as an officer cadet. In 1929 he left the police service when he was caught stealing examination solutions from a teaching superior's office. The official communication at the time was that he resigned for "family reasons". Fegelein later stated that he had left the police on "his own account" to better serve the Nazi Party and SS. His father had started the Reitinstitut Fegelein (Riding Institute Fegelein) in 1926. In Munich, Fegelein came into contact with Nazism and the SS. His father had made the institute available to the SS as a meeting place, and the training facilities and horses were used by equestrian units of the Sturmabteilung (SA) and SS.
Fegelein joined the Nazi Party (membership number 1,200,158) and the SA in 1930. He transferred to the SS on 10 April 1933, with membership number 66,680. He worked as an instructor at the Reitinstitut Fegelein and became the leader of the SS-Reitersturm, the SS equestrian group based at the facility. By the mid-1930s he took over administration of the school from his father. He was promoted to the Allgemeine-SS rank of SS-Untersturmführer that year and to SS-Obersturmführer on 20 April 1934 and to SS-Hauptsturmführer on 9 November 1934. Beginning in November 1935, Fegelein oversaw the preparation of the courses and facilities for the equestrian events of the Berlin Olympic Games. He was promoted to the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer on 30 January 1936. He tried out for the German equestrian team, but was unable to prevail against the strong competition from the Kavallerieschule Hannover (cavalry school Hanover), who went on to win all the equestrian gold medals.
Fegelein won the Deutsches Spring- und Dressurderby international tournament in 1937, as did his brother Waldemar, in 1939. He was promoted to the rank of SS-Obersturmbannführer on 30 January. On 25 July 1937, Reichsführer-SS Himmler, by special order of the SS-Oberabschnitt Süd, created the Haupt-Reitschule München (SS Main Riding School) in Munich. The school was started from his father's stud farm. Fegelein was named its commander and promoted to SS-Standartenführer the same day. Funding for the very expensive horses came in part from then SS-Brigadeführer Weber, who supported the school with more than annually. Fegelein won the "Braunes Band von Deutschland" (Brown Ribbon of Germany), an annual horse race which in 1938 was held on the premises of the riding school in Munich. Fegelein at the time had strong ambitions to participate in the 1940 Summer Olympics. With the help of his friend (HSSPF; Higher SS and Police Leader) Karl von Eberstein, he arranged the transfer of all the Bavarian State Police horses to the SS riding school in case of mobilization. His fear was that the horses would be handed to the Wehrmacht.
World War II
In September 1939, Fegelein commanded the SS Totenkopf Reiterstandarte (Death's-Head Horse Regiment), which arrived in Poland shortly after the end of the Polish Campaign. The unit was placed under the command of the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; order police) and was split into small groups assigned to support police activities at posts throughout the Poznan district. On 15 November, Himmler ordered the expansion of the regiment from four to thirteen squadrons and renamed it as 1. SS-Totenkopf-Reiterstandarte (1st Death's Head Cavalry Regiment). Additional men were recruited from ethnic Germans living in the General Government and further afield. As many of the officers, including Fegelein, had never attended officer training school, much of the training provided to new recruits was rudimentary. However, it was rigorous, and the men developed a strong camaraderie. Fegelein's unit was involved alongside the Orpo in the extermination, ordered by Hitler, of members of the Polish elite such as intellectuals, aristocrats, and clergy, in an action called Intelligenzaktion. On 7 December 1939, Fegelein's unit was involved in the mass shooting of 1,700 such people in the Kampinos Forest.
On 15 December, the unit was split into two Standarten (regiments), with Fegelein commanding the 1. Standarte under the overall command of Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer-Ost Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger. The unit was short of basic supplies such as weapons, food, and uniforms, which led to deteriorating morale and ill health. Incidents of corruption and theft took place, particularly among members of the regimental staff in Warsaw. On 23 April 1941, Fegelein faced court-martial charges for an incident in 1940 where he and his unit had been caught stealing money and luxury goods for transportation back to Germany. Fegelein's court-martial was quashed by direct order of Himmler. The allegations brought forward against Fegelein had included "murder motivated by greed". Apparently he had ordered arrests and executions in the Gestapo prison in Warsaw. In addition to this, Fegelein was charged with having had an unlawful sexual relationship with a Polish woman. The woman had become pregnant and Fegelein forced her to have an abortion. Reinhard Heydrich tried several times to investigate the accusations against Fegelein, but each time Himmler quashed the attempt.
Fegelein's unit took part in anti-partisan fighting against a group of about 100 former Polish soldiers in the area of Kammienna–Konsky–Kielce in March and April 1940. They killed about half the partisans and the remainder escaped. On 8 April, Fegelein's unit killed 250 Polish men in villages in the area. While in his report he described the behaviour of his troops as "clean and decent", there were many incidents in this period where his men behaved in an undisciplined way, killing and robbing civilians without being ordered to do so.
In May and June 1940, Fegelein, who had been promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer of the Reserves in the Waffen-SS on 1 March 1940, participated in the Battle of Belgium and France as a member of the SS-Verfügungstruppe. For his service in these campaigns, he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 15 December 1940. In March 1941, the SS Totenkopf Reiterstandarte 1 was renamed to 1st SS Cavalry Regiment.
War against the Soviet Union
With the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which began on 22 June 1941, Fegelein saw active service on the Eastern Front. His unit was assigned on the 87th Infantry Division on 23 June to cover a gap in the lines of the 9th Army near Białystok. The motorized elements of the 1st SS Cavalry reached the right flank of the operational area on 24 June, but the mounted elements were unable to keep up. The exhausted horses had to be left behind and the men transported to the combat zone in lorries, while the horse-drawn artillery pieces were towed using any available vehicles. The first units to arrive crossed the Narew near Wizna and engaged the Soviets but were unable to break through. They were ordered to retreat and move further north. Infantry elements of the 87th Division captured Osowiec Fortress on 26 June, and Fegelein's cavalry was sent on a reconnaissance mission to the south-east. Himmler, unwilling to have his SS units under Wehrmacht control or used in combat other than as reserves, withdrew the SS cavalry from control of the 87th Division on 27 June. The ambitious Fegelein stressed in his reports that he believed his unit was combat ready and exaggerated its contribution to the operation. Ten of his men received the Iron Cross, Second Class for their efforts, and Fegelein was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class.
The engagement demonstrated the shortcomings of the cavalry units in modern mobile warfare, which requires quick redeployments in ever-changing conditions. Fegelein sought to improve this by asking Himmler to combine the 1st and 2nd SS cavalry regiments into a brigade, with additional support units. As a temporary measure, Himmler assigned Fegelein to be in charge of both regiments. Fegelein's unit was one of several that undertook field training and political indoctrination in the coming weeks. Himmler addressed the 1st Cavalry on 5 July, offering the opportunity for any men unwilling to participate in the upcoming "special tasks" to transfer to another unit. Nobody took advantage of this offer, at least partly because Himmler did not say that the upcoming assignment included the mass shooting of unarmed civilians.
On 19 July 1941, Himmler assigned Fegelein's regiments to the general command of HSSPF Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski for the "systematic combing" of the Pripyat swamps. The result was the Pripyat Marshes massacres, an operation designed to round up and exterminate Jews, partisans and civilians in that area of Byelorussian SSR. Himmler's orders for the operation were passed to Fegelein via SS-Brigadefuhrer Kurt Knoblauch, who met with him and Bach-Zelewski on 28 July in their new quarters at Liakhovichi in Byelorussia. General instructions were given to "cleanse" the area of partisans and Jewish collaborators. Jewish women and children were to be driven away. Fegelein interpreted these orders as follows: Enemy soldiers in uniform were to be taken prisoner, and those found out of uniform were to be shot. Jewish males, with the exception of a few skilled workers such as doctors and leather workers, would be shot. Fegelein split the territory to be covered into two sections divided by the Pripyat River, with the 1st Regiment taking the northern half and the 2nd Regiment the south. The regiments worked their way from east to west through their assigned territory, and filed daily reports on the number of people killed and taken prisoner. In a meeting with Bach-Zelewski on 31 July, Himmler announced the amalgamation of the two regiments into the SS Cavalry Brigade. Additional units such as a bicycle reconnaissance detachment were formed and added to the brigade's complement. On 5 August Himmler assigned leadership of the brigade to Fegelein.
Himmler notified Fegelein by telegram on 1 August that the numbers killed were far too low. A few days later, Himmler issued regimental order no. 42, which called for all male Jews over the age of 14 to be killed. The women and children were to be driven into the swamps and drowned. Thus Fegelein's units were among the first in the Holocaust to wipe out entire Jewish communities. As the water in the swamps was too shallow and some areas had no swamps, it proved impractical to drown the women and children, so they were shot. Fegelein's final report on the operation, dated 18 September 1941, states that they killed 14,178 Jews, 1,001 partisans, 699 Red Army soldiers, with 830 prisoners taken and losses of 17 dead, 36 wounded, and 3 missing. The historian Henning Pieper estimates the actual number of Jews killed was closer to 23,700.
Fegelein received the Infantry Assault Badge on 2 October. Four days later, he was again brought before a court for peculation of captured goods. Again the prosecution was halted by Himmler. In mid-October 1941, the brigade left Byelorussia and moved first to Toropets and then on to Rogachev by train, where they were subordinated to Army Group Centre. The new operational area had more partisan activity than the Pripyat swamps, with guerrillas who were well organised and difficult to find. Fegelein's report for the period between 18 October and 18 November 1941 shows 3,018 partisans and Red Army soldiers killed and 122 taken prisoner. However, as fewer than 200 weapons were captured, historians Martin Cüppers and Henning Pieper conclude that the majority of those killed must have been unarmed civilians. Brigade losses were seven dead and nine wounded.
Army Group Centre renewed their offensive on Moscow in mid-November. Fegelein and the SS Cavalry Brigade were held back as an operational reserve in the rearward area of the 9th Army. Massive counter-attacks by the Red Army led to a weakening of the entire German line, and the brigade was called in to fight at the front on 28 December. While Fegelein reported that his forces were the equivalent to one or two divisions, in reality he had only 4,428 men in total at this point, of which 1,800 were ready for action. The brigade was deployed at the south-eastern sector of the XXIII Army Corps, where it defended against attacks in the rearward area of the 206th Infantry Division in the Battles of Rzhev. The SS Cavalry Brigade took serious losses, with casualties of up to 60 per cent in some squadrons.
On 1 February 1942, Fegelein was promoted to SS-Standartenführer in the Waffen-SS and transferred from the reserve force to active service. Four days later, on 5 February, Fegelein on his own initiative led an attack on a strong enemy group northwest of Chertolino. The attack, carried out in difficult weather conditions, secured an important road junction and the railway station at Chertolino. In a nocturnal attack on 9 February, the brigade encircled and destroyed enemy forces at Chertolino, killing 1,800 Red Army soldiers. Yershovo was captured on 14 February, leading to the annihilation of the enemy units in Rzhevsky District. For his leadership in these battles, Fegelein was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 2 March 1942. Fegelein was then granted home leave and was appointed Inspector of Cavalry and Transportation () in the SS-Führungshauptamt on 1 May 1942. In this position he was awarded the Eastern Front Medal and the War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords, both on 1 September 1942. The SS Cavalry Brigade was disbanded in March 1942 and the remaining men and equipment were formed into a battalion-strength unit called Kampfgruppe Zehender, commanded by SS-Sturmbannführer August Zehender.
Fegelein returned to the front line on 1 December 1942 and on the same day promoted to SS-Oberführer. He was given command of Kampfgruppe "Fegelein", based in the great bend of the Don. He was wounded in action by Soviet snipers on 21 and 22 December 1942.
On 20 April 1943, he was appointed commander of the 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer. Fegelein and his division were involved in operations against partisans in May to July 1943, which included Operation Weichsel, Operation Zeithen, and Operation Seydlitz. On 17 May, they annihilated a partisan group south west of Novoselki. He personally blew up a bunker in the attack. A week later, on 24 May, the division attacked another partisan strongpoint, and no prisoners were taken. During Weichsel (27 May – 10 June 1943) he reported the unit had killed 4,018 persons and deported 18,860, confiscated 21,000 cattle, and destroyed 61 villages southwest of Gomel. During Zeithen (13–16 June 1943) they destroyed a further 63 villages and (under direct orders from Hitler) killed all suspected partisans. During Seydlitz (26 June – 27 July 1943) he reported the destruction of 96 additional villages, with 5,016 killed and 9,166 deported and 19,941 cattle confiscated.
The division was then deployed in defensive operations against massed Soviet attacks. From 26 August to 15 September, the division repulsed five attacks of divisional strength and a further 85 attacks of battalion strength. The heaviest combat occurred on 26 August near Bespalovka and on 28 August, when the division halted a Soviet breakthrough at Bol'shaya Gomol'sha. Fegelein led a counterattack on 8 September, recapturing the height 199,0 at Verkhniy Bishkin. On 11 September 1943, during these defensive battles, he was awarded the Close Combat Clasp in bronze. Fegelein was severely wounded on 30 September 1943 and was hospitalised for a few weeks. He received the German Cross in gold on 1 November 1943. Following his convalescence he was appointed chief of Amt VI—Office for Rider and Driver Training—in the SS-Führungshauptamt on 1 January 1944.
At the same time, Himmler assigned him to Hitler's headquarters staff as his liaison officer and representative of the SS. He was promoted to the rank of SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS on 10 June 1944. On 20 July 1944, Fegelein was present at the failed attempt on Hitler's life at the Wolf's Lair headquarters in Rastenburg, East Prussia and received a minor wound to his left thigh from the bomb blast. Fegelein often showed around the photographs of the hanged men who had been executed as a result of this failed assassination attempt.
Marriage
Fegelein's politically motivated marriage to Gretl Braun, Eva Braun's sister, took place on 3 June 1944 in Salzburg. Historian Kershaw and journalist Shirer believe he courted Braun as a way to advance his career. Hitler, Himmler, and Martin Bormann acted as witnesses at the ceremony. A two-day celebration was then held at Hitler's and Bormann's Obersalzberg mountain homes and the Eagle's Nest. Fegelein was a known playboy and had many extramarital affairs. Hitler's secretaries, Christa Schroeder and Traudl Junge, state Fegelein was popular socially, particularly with women. He could be funny, amusing, and charming. Eva was glad to have someone in the entourage with whom she could dance and flirt, as Hitler was distant in social situations and refrained from publicly showing affection. Fegelein worked hard to develop a friendship with Hitler's powerful private secretary, Martin Bormann. Fegelein consistently attended Bormann's drinking parties and told Junge that the only things that mattered were "his career and a life full of fun."
Death
By early 1945, Germany's military situation was on the verge of total collapse. Hitler, presiding over a rapidly disintegrating Third Reich, retreated to his Führerbunker in Berlin on 16 January 1945. To the Nazi leadership, it was clear that the Battle of Berlin would be the final battle of the war. Berlin was bombarded by Soviet artillery for the first time on 20 April 1945 (Hitler's birthday). By the evening of 21 April, Red Army tanks reached the outskirts of the city. By 27 April, Berlin was cut off from the rest of Germany.
On 27 April 1945, Reichssicherheitsdienst (RSD) deputy commander SS-Obersturmbannführer Peter Högl was sent out from the Reich Chancellery to find Fegelein, who had abandoned his post at the Führerbunker after deciding he did not want to "join a suicide pact". Fegelein was located by the RSD squad in his Berlin apartment, wearing civilian clothes and preparing to flee to Sweden or Switzerland. He was carrying cash—German and foreign—and jewellery, some of which belonged to Braun. Högl found a briefcase containing documents with evidence of Himmler's attempted peace negotiations with the Western Allies. According to most accounts, Fegelein was intoxicated when arrested and taken back to the Führerbunker. He was kept in a makeshift cell until the evening of 28 April. That night, Hitler was informed of the BBC broadcast of a Reuters news report about Himmler's attempted negotiations with the western Allies via Count Bernadotte. Hitler flew into a rage on this betrayal and ordered Himmler's arrest. Sensing a connection between Fegelein's disappearance and Himmler's betrayal, Hitler ordered SS-Gruppenführer Heinrich Müller to interrogate Fegelein as to what he knew of Himmler's plans. Thereafter, according to Otto Günsche (Hitler's personal adjutant), Hitler ordered that Fegelein be stripped of all rank and to be transferred to Kampfgruppe "Mohnke" to prove his loyalty in combat. Günsche and Bormann expressed their concern to Hitler that Fegelein would only desert again. Hitler then ordered Fegelein court-martialed. Fegelein's wife was then in the late stages of pregnancy (the baby was born on 5 May). Hitler considered releasing him without punishment or assigning him to Mohnke's troops. Junge—an eye-witness to bunker events—stated that Braun pleaded with Hitler to spare her brother-in-law and tried to justify Fegelein's actions. Junge said Fegelein was taken to the garden of the Reich Chancellery on 28 April, and was "shot like a dog". Rochus Misch, who was the last survivor from the Führerbunker, disputed aspects of this account in a 2007 interview with Der Spiegel. According to Misch, Hitler did not order Fegelein's execution, only his demotion. Misch claimed to know the identity of Fegelein's killer, but refused to reveal his name.
Journalist James P. O'Donnell, who conducted extensive interviews in the 1970s, provides one account of Fegelein's court martial. SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke, who presided over the court martial for desertion, told O'Donnell that Hitler ordered him to set up a tribunal. Mohnke arranged for a court martial panel, which consisted of generals Wilhelm Burgdorf, Hans Krebs, SS-Gruppenführer Johann Rattenhuber, and himself. Fegelein, still drunk, refused to accept that he had to answer to Hitler, and stated that he was responsible only to Himmler. Fegelein was so drunk that he was crying and vomiting; he was unable to stand up, and even urinated on the floor. Mohnke was in a quandary, as German military and civilian law both require a defendant to be of sound mind and to understand the charges against them. Although Mohnke was certain Fegelein was "guilty of flagrant desertion", it was the opinion of the judges that he was in no condition to stand trial, so Mohnke closed the proceedings and turned the defendant over to General Rattenhuber's security squad. Mohnke never saw Fegelein again.
An alternative scenario of Fegelein's death is based on the 1948/49 Soviet NKVD dossier of Hitler written for Joseph Stalin. The dossier is based on the interrogation reports of Günsche and Heinz Linge (Hitler's valet). This dossier differs in part from the accounts given by Mohnke and Rattenhuber. After the intoxicated Fegelein was arrested and taken back to the Führerbunker, Hitler at first ordered Fegelein to be transferred to Kampfgruppe "Mohnke" to prove his loyalty in combat. Günsche and Bormann expressed their concern to Hitler that Fegelein would desert again. Hitler then ordered Fegelein to be demoted and court-martialed by a court led by Mohnke. At this point the accounts differ, as the NKVD dossier states that Fegelein was court-martialed on the evening of 28 April, by a court headed by Mohnke, SS-Obersturmbannführer Alfred Krause, and SS-Sturmbannführer Herbert Kaschula. Mohnke and his fellow officers sentenced Fegelein to death. That same evening, Fegelein was shot from behind by a member of the Sicherheitsdienst. Based on this stated chain of events, author Veit Scherzer concluded that Fegelein, according to German military law, was deprived of all honours and honorary signs and must therefore be considered a de facto but not de jure recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
Assessment
Journalist William L. Shirer and historian Ian Kershaw characterise Fegelein as cynical and disreputable; Albert Speer called him "one of the most disgusting people in Hitler's circle". Historian Michael D. Miller describes Fegelein as an opportunist who ingratiated himself with Himmler, who in return granted him the best assignments—mostly related to cavalry—and rapid promotion through the ranks. The historian Henning Pieper, who studied the period up until March 1942, notes Fegelein's lack of formal training as an officer led to deficiencies in the way the SS Cavalry Brigade was prepared for active service. Fegelein repeatedly overstated the combat readiness of his troops and exaggerated their accomplishments, in Pieper's opinion in order to be seen as a leader worthy of promotion and honours. Fegelein's faulty analysis of his brigade's readiness led to their use in December 1941 through March 1942 in combat situations for which they were unsuitable and untrained; however, as the military situation was deteriorating, they would eventually have received front-line assignments regardless of their readiness. By the end of March 1942, the brigade had suffered casualties of 50 per cent, much higher than army units deployed in the same area.
Fegelein's parents and his brother Waldemar survived the war. Gretl, who inherited some of Eva's valuable jewellery, also survived the war. She gave birth to a daughter (named Eva Barbara Fegelein, after her late aunt) on 5 May 1945. Eva Fegelein killed herself in April 1971 after her boyfriend died in a car accident. Gretl Braun-Fegelein moved to Munich and remarried in 1954. She died in 1987, aged 72.
Awards and decorations
Olympic Games Decoration (1st Class)
German Equestrian Badge (gold)
German Sports Badge (bronze)
SA Sports Badge (bronze)
Nazi Party Long Service Award (bronze)
General Assault Badge (silver)
Infantry Assault Badge (silver)
Close Combat Clasp (silver)
Wound Badge (silver)
Wound Badge of 20 July 1944 (silver)
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (15 December 1940)
1st Class (28 June 1941)
German Cross in Gold on 1 November 1943 as SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor of the Waffen-SS in the SS-Kavallerie-Division
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 2 March 1942 as SS-Standartenführer and commander of the SS-Kavallerie-Brigade
157th Oak Leaves on 22 December 1942 as SS-Oberführer and commander of a Kampfgruppe
83rd Swords on 30 July 1944 as SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS and commander of the 8. SS-Freiwilligen-Kavallerie-Division Florian Geyer
The death sentence on 28 April resulted in the loss of all orders, awards, and honorary signs.
Dates of rank
Fegelein held various ranks in both the Allgemeine-SS and Waffen-SS. The following table shows that progression was not synchronous.
See also
List SS-Gruppenführer
References
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
1906 births
1945 deaths
20th-century Freikorps personnel
Executed German mass murderers
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Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
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Cesar Zambrano (born July 12, 1984) is an American professional soccer player. Attended Brother Rice High School (Chicago). He attended college at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Zambrano spent two seasons, 2006 and 2007, with the Chicago Fire Premier in the fourth division Premier Development League.
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Sergey Aleksandrovich Shipilov (; born May 17, 1959), known as The Velsk Chikatilo (), is a Russian rapist and serial killer sentenced to life imprisonment for 14 murders and nine rapes. Most of his murders took place in the town of Velsk. The majority of his victims were women that he raped before killing.
Early life
Shipilov was born on May 17, 1959, in Arkhangelsk to a simple, working-class family. Shipilov had a sister two years his junior. His mother died when he was seven years old. Shipilov claims his father then began to bring women and alcohol into their home.
In his early life, Shipilov received a secondary special education, served in the army, married, and had three children. He worked as a foreman in a vocational school, where he taught students how to drive. At work he was viewed positively by his co-workers. In view of this he was able to use the official car at his own discretion.
Initial crimes
The first murder Shipilov committed was in 1995, when he robbed and then killed a woman. However, he did not confess to this crime until 2016.
In 1996, a series of rapes and murders began. While Shipilov was driving his truck, he picked up a fellow traveler. He claims that while inebriated, the woman agreed to an intimate relationship. However, Shipilov then killed the woman, stabbing her multiple times. The blade broke during the killing and stuck in the victim's body. Later Shipilov admitted to being afraid that the victim would come to his house and tell his wife about the betrayal. He buried the woman's corpse in the vicinity of Arkhangelsk's brickworks.
That same year he killed two more women in the same way. Another woman was killed by a blow to the head. The victims' bodies were buried in the Primorsky District; they were found only after Shipilov was captured.
In late 1996, Shipilov committed a rape. The victim managed to escape (according to other sources, he let her go), and she reported him to the police. Shipilov was subsequently arrested. In the trunk of his car a bead from one of the victims' ornaments was found. In addition, it was found that he had committed eight more rapes in 1996. On January 16, 1997, the Primorsky District Court sentenced him to eight years imprisonment in a general regime colony. He was not even suspected in the three murders.
Later, while serving his life sentence, Shipilov said that there was no rape: the sexual intercourse with the woman had been by mutual agreement, and that she had submitted a statement "in order to make money from it".
In the colony
Arriving in Colony UG-42/14 in Velsk, Shipilov came up with a unique scheme which he used to commit all his crimes. In this colony the so-called beskonvoynaya (бесконвойная - "infinityless") system of detention where convicts could move freely throughout the colony. On occasion they could even travel beyond its borders for any administrative needs. Shipilov understood immediately that this could be used for his criminal purposes. In the summer of 1998, as a reward for good behavior, he was allowed to drive the colony's honeywagon. On December 8, 1998, he killed his fourth victim, a woman named Doilnitsyna. Unlike his other victims, he did not bury her body, but only covered it with branches. After that Shipilov hid as he was afraid of getting caught. When he returned later to the crime scene and found that the body had not been discovered, he buried it and decided to continue committing murders. He committed his next murder on May 16, 1999. A week later, on May 24, Shipilov killed another woman. He buried the bodies at the final point of his route, the dump.
Between June 11 and June 27, Shipilov committed four more murders. Two of the victims were middle-aged women, two were young girls. According to his confession made after his arrest, "he was sorry for the young virgins", so he switched to killing only to middle-aged women. Then, in August, Shipilov hid again. Between September 22 and 24, he committed his last murders.
Each of the murders was carefully committed. He picked up women on deserted roads, and since the inside passenger door handle was removed, they had no way to escape from the truck. On the way, he offered the women vodka and when he was refused, he stopped in a deserted place and killed them.
In one of the interviews, Shipilov told reporters that he only killed those victims he considered were prostitutes. He claimed that he always let any woman who refused to drink with him leave. However, later investigations found that he poured the alcohol violently into his victims.
Arrest, trial and sentencing
The investigation team set up under the Prosecutor's Office of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, were unsuccessful in their investigation into the disappearing women. Nevertheless, one day they noticed Shipilov's honeywagon pass by a place where one of the victims has disappeared. Investigators learned that a honeywagon from the UG-42/14 Colony often passed by on the same road. Since Shipilov's schedule coincided with the time of the murders, he was detained. Initially there was no evidence against him, and for a long time Shiplov did not provide any evidence. Later Shipilov lost his nerve, and attempted suicide by cutting his veins. He was saved by doctors, and subsequently confessed to committing 12 murders, including the three before his conviction. During his interrogation, he calmly related the details of how he raped and killed his victims. Demonstrating a sharp memory, he described in detail the atrocities and pointed out the burial locations with great accuracy. When asked by the investigators if he had intended to continue killing, he replied that he did and that he had even "figured out different ways of killing his victims". Despite raping each victim, Shipilov denied sexual gratification was his main motive. According to his own words, he was motivated only by the thirst of "crime for the sake of crime".
On October 25, 2000, the Arkhangelsk Regional Court convicted Shipilov of 12 murders and nine rapes. He was sentenced to life imprisonment due to the moratorium in Russia on the death penalty. The Supreme Court of Russia upheld the verdict without change, and Shipilov was sent to the Black Dolphin Prison correctional facility in the city of Sol-Iletsk.
Post-sentencing confessions
On May 25, 2016, Shipilov confessed to committing several more crimes. He was sent to the Arkhangelsk Central, where he sits in a single solitary cell. He confessed to two additional murders committed in 1995 and 1996, for which he was sentenced to nine-and-a-half years of imprisonment. This punishment was absorbed into his sentence of life imprisonment.
Experts do not rule out that Shipilov, in order not to return to the Black Dolphin, can stay in Arkhangelsk Central for a couple of years and possibly remember any other crimes he committed earlier.
In the media
Criminal Russia. Infernal Barrel (2001).
Lifetime deprived of liberty Maniacs from the Black Dolphin (2010).
Invisible battle: Anomalous Zone (2013).
See also
List of Russian serial killers
List of serial killers by number of victims
References
1959 births
Inmates of Black Dolphin Prison
Living people
People from Arkhangelsk
Russian rapists
Russian serial killers |
Kunwar Indrajit Singh (; 1906 – 4 October 1982), popularly known as Dr. K.I. Singh or just K.I. Singh was a Nepali politician and revolutionary who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Nepal in 1957. He was key Nepali Congress in organizing the 1951 Nepali Revolution, and was a leader in its militant wing, the Muktisena, who later refused to recognize the Delhi Accord and was forced to flee the country following a revolt he took part in. In 1955 he returned and formed the United Democratic Party, and following the installation of the Panchayat system he agitated for its end, for which he was jailed. Following his release, he went into self-imposed exile, and much later returned to Nepal and was elected a member to the Rastriya Panchayat. He was known as the "Robin Hood of the Himalayas", and was very popular throughout the country.
Pre-revolution
Early life
K.I. Singh was born in the Doti District of Nepal, and his father was a minor Thakuri landlord. He was educated in India, and also served in the Indian Army, where he received medical training. Eventually, he set up a medical practice in Nautanwa, an Indian town on the India-Nepal border.
he was a important person to make a revolution against RANA.
Nepali Congress organizer
Before the revolution, he met with Bholanath Sharma, a Nepali Congress organizer, and other Congress members, which led to him joining the Congress in their struggle against the Rana Dynasty. He operated out of Nautanwa, and became a manager of the Congress party office there. He was an effective organizer, and was able to get support from people he knew through his medical practice and ex-servicemen from India.
During the revolution
The revolution
When the fighting began, he crossed the border into Nepal with a group of around a dozen men and around 8-9 rifles. He set himself up in the village of Myudihawa, but was faced with much pressure from government forces, which forced him and his men to move to Karabla, another village that was more defensible for it was surrounded on three sides by a river. Though he lacked both weapons and food at first, he was able to get both from the countryside, defeating government forces, his old Indian ex-serviceman friends, and a wealthy zamindar called Radhakumari(popularly called 'Muwa by her well wishers'), one of the few zamindar's who took the side of the rebels. He was not, however, properly supported by Gopal Shumsher, the son of Rudra Shumsher, a Rana who was in the line of succession but was removed following Juddha Shumsher's purge in 1934. Gopal was a C-class Rana who was in command of Singh's section of the border, but Singh had a history of being hostile to all Rana's, even boycotting a merger with the Nepali National Congress and Subarna Shamsher Rana's Nepali Democratic Congress, and therefore did not work effectively with Gopel and did not receive proper support from him.
K.I. Singh's main focus throughout the revolution was the city of Bhairawa (current day Siddharthanagar), which he tried to take from the forces of the Bada Hakim (leader) of Bhairawa, though he was unsuccessful. Singh's most serious clashes were with the local zamindars, who were extremely unpopular among the peasantry for allegedly bringing in Indian goodas to loot their villages in 1949–50. When the fighting began, these zamindars sent their families to India and started cooperating with the Bada Hakim of Bhairawa. Singh's battles with the zamindars was extremely brutal. For example, after storming the house of zamindar Bhubaneshwar Shukla, nine government soldiers who were inside were gunned down immediately for allegedly mistreating rebels previously, and fifty Indian goondas who were there tried to escape but were killed by the villages who helped Singh with the siege. When he begged Singh for his life, one of Singh's followers clubbed him to death with a lathi, and the villagers later battered his corpse.
The Delhi Accord
The Delhi Accord officially brought about the end of the revolution. It was a compromise between the Rana's, King Tribhuvan, and Nepali Congress, which allowed for the creation of a government of a mix between Rana's and Nepali Congress members, with Mohan Shumsher remaining as Prime Minister. Though K.I. Singh was asked to stop the fighting, he refused to accept the Delhi Accord, and was dissatisfied with the leadership of Nepali Congress. He launched another unsuccessful attack on Bhairawa, but was soon arrested in February 1951 by Indian and Nepali troops. When he was captured, his force was said to number 200-400 men. Following his arrest, he quickly escaped, but was recaptured, and sent to a jail in Kathmandu.
The Raksha Dal Revolt
The Raksha Dal was an auxiliary security force set up immediately after the revolution, mostly from members of the Muktisena, Nepali Congress' militant wing. In January 1952, Ram Prasad Rai, a militant revolutionary similar to K.I. Singh who also refused to accept the Delhi Accord, started a protest in Kathmandu against Prime Minister Mohan Shumsher and the Delhi Accord. After Rai had made a speech in the city, declaring the need for a renewed revolt, he was arrested. This arrest led to a revolt of the Raksha Dal in Kathmandu, who freed both Ram Prasad Rai and K.I. Singh from jail and occupied the Singha Durbar. Rai and Singh tried to negotiate with the government, but after a few days, the revolting Raksha Dal were defeated, for the army and most of the Raksha Dal officers remained loyal to the government. Both Rai and Singh fled Nepal into Tibet to the north, but Rai died on route.
Exile and return
Following his escape to Tibet, K.I. Singh was allowed in by the Communist Chinese government and stayed in Beijing during his exile. During his exile, he lived a secluded life, and was not heard from for around two years. He also did not receive any support from the Chinese government, and apparently did not meet either Mao Zedong or Zhou Enlai. While he was away, he became a legend in Nepal, and the "Society of Friends of K.I. Singh" was formed, to agitate for his return.
In 1955, he was sent back to Kathmandu from Beijing for allegedly threatening suicide if he wasn't allowed to return. He re-entered Nepal in August 1955, and was pardoned by King Mahendra. A massive parade was held in Kathmandu to celebrate his return.
Post-return political career
United Democratic Party
In October 1955, K.I. Singh formed the United Democratic Party (UDP), or United Democratic Front, as an alternative to the Nepali Congress, a party that had dominated Nepal since the 1951 revolution. He claimed that the political parties of Nepal had been unsuccessful, and were full of infighting while the people suffered. However, it was mostly just a party based solely around Singh, rather than a party with any proper platform or ideology. It is also alleged that Singh formed the UDP with funding from King Mahendra, to try to counter the influence of Nepali Congress.
Singh did not espouse any particular ideology, though he was generally left-wing. Many claimed that he was a communist, but he denied it, even though many of his views on issues coincided with those of the Communist Party, and the communists allegedly assisted in the Raksha Dal Revolt. He was said to be both a royalist and a revolutionary, and he espoused nationalist, isolationist, and anti-imperialist rhetoric. He claimed to not work for any party or have any ideology; rather, he was solely working for the betterment of Nepal. His view on India was contradictory, both claiming India was an imperialist power who controlled Nepal and talking of the need of Nepali-Indian cooperation.
In July 1957, K.I. Singh was made Prime Minister by Mahendra, replacing his predecessor Tanka Prasad Acharya of the Nepal Praja Parishad. However, his 110-day premiership was unremarkable, and mostly wasted with conspiracies and attempts to curtail Singh's enemies. He resigned as Prime Minister on 15 November, however the reason for this is unclear. There were claims that there were conspiracies against Singh, involving foreign powers like the United Kingdom, though it is not known for sure. There were also rumors that he resigned due to a disagreement with the King.
In 1959, there were the first democratic elections in Nepali history, where Nepali Congress won a massive victory, taking 74 of the 109 seats available. Many notable party leaders, like K.I. Singh and Tanka Prasad Acharya, did not win their seats, but their parties still gained some. With Nepali Congress forming a government, the second largest party, the right-wing Gorkha Parishad, who were supported and made up by the Ranas, became the opposition. However, Singh wanted to lead the official opposition party, and therefore formed a United Front with Acharya's wing of the Praja Parishad, the Nepal Praja Parishad (Acharya). This United Front was, according to Singh, formed to guard Nepal's highest values, like nationalism, democracy, good government and social justice. Later on in 1959, Singh convinced the two members of parliament for Acharya's party to instead join his party, leaving Acharya with no political representation.
Panchayat System
In 1960, King Mahendra removed the Nepali Congress government and installed the Panchayat system, a party-less semi-dictatorial system. At first, K.I. Singh supported the move, however his opinion began to shift wildly soon after it began, changing from ardent support for the king to criticism of the system multiple times. In April 1963, he stated he planned to launch a satyagraha to agitate for the restoration of parliamentary democracy. Eventually, after negotiating with the King to try to gain some form of political office, in March 1964 he announced the satyagraha would go ahead, leading to his arrest. Following an appeal to the Supreme Court he was acquitted and released in June 1965, after which he went into self-imposed exile. Many years later, he joined the Nepali Congress (Subarna), and was elected as a representative in the Rastriya Panchayat in the 1981 election. A year later, K.I. Singh died of throat cancer, aged 77.
See also
List of prime ministers of Nepal
Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev
References
1906 births
1982 deaths
People from Doti District
Thakuri
Nepalese Hindus
Nepali Congress politicians from Sudurpashchim Province
Samyukta Prajatantra Party politicians
Nepali Congress (Subarna) politicians
Prime ministers of Nepal
Members of the Rastriya Panchayat
Nepalese revolutionaries
Nepalese physicians
20th-century physicians
Deaths from cancer in Thailand
Deaths from throat cancer |
Smelt Bay Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the south end of Cortes Island, and has twenty-two camping sites. Eight are reservable and the rest are first-come, first-served. There is also an overflow parking lot directly next to the beach for any excess campers.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Cortes Island
Protected areas established in 1973
1973 establishments in British Columbia |
Spinefarm Records is a Finnish record label focusing mainly on heavy metal artists. It is a subsidiary of Universal Music Group.
History
Spinefarm Records was originally founded in 1990 by Riku Pääkkönen as a mail-order distribution company for rock and heavy metal albums and singles, but later became a record label for Finnish acts such as Nightwish, Children of Bodom, and Sonata Arctica.
In 1999, a sub-label titled Spikefarm Records was started by Sami Tenetz from Thy Serpent. Since 2002, Spinefarm has been part of Universal Music Group, but operates as an independent business unit.
In autumn 2007, Spinefarm launched in the UK, starting with re-issuing deluxe versions of the first five Nightwish albums, including the Over the Hills and Far Away EP.
At the start of 2016, it was announced that Spinefarm Records had acquired Candlelight Records.
On 18 August 2017, Spinefarm Records announced the global launch of sub-label Snakefarm Records. Snakefarm has since signed Tyler Bryant & The Shakedown and more. The label's focus genres are roots rock, blues rock, and country.
Today, Spinefarm Records has offices in New York, London, and Helsinki.
Bands
Spinefarm Music Group consists of three sub-labels: Spinefarm Records (mainstream heavy metal and hard rock), Candlelight Records (extreme metal, black metal, and death metal), and Snakefarm Records (country, blues, and southern rock).
Spinefarm
36 Crazyfists
Airbourne
Amaranthe
Amberian Dawn
Amorphis
Anti-Flag
Atreyu
Beherit
Barathrum
Beto Vázquez Infinity
Billy Talent
The Black League
Bob Malmström
Brother Firetribe
The Browning
Bullet for My Valentine
Celesty
Charon
Children of Bodom
ChthoniC
Creeper
Crow Mother
D'espairsRay (UK only)
Dark Tranquillity
Darkwoods My Betrothed
Dayseeker
Dayshell
Dead by April
Dead Poet Society
Diablo Swing Orchestra
DragonForce
Dragonlord
Dreamtale
Eilera
Electric Wizard
Emigrate
Employed to Serve
End of You
Entheos
Eternal Tears of Sorrow
Finntroll
Five Finger Death Punch (US only)
For My Pain
Hangman's Chair
He is Legend
Hevein
Helloween (UK only)
In Mourning
Jettblack
Kalmah
Killing Joke
Kiuas
Kobra and the Lotus
The Kovenant
Lullacry
Machinae Supremacy
Metsatöll
Mucc (UK only)
myGRAIN
My Passion
My Ticket Home
Nightwish
Nonpoint
Norther
One Morning Left
Pain Confessor
Puppy
Reckless Love
Rotten Sound
Saint Asonia
Santa Cruz
Satyricon
Saul
Seether
Sentenced
Sethian
Shining (Nor)
Shining (Swe)
Sinergy
Slaves to Gravity
Sleep Token
Soen
Sonata Arctica
Swallow the Sun
Tarja Turunen
Tarot
Throne of Chaos
Thy Serpent
To/Die/For
Toothgrinder
The Treatment
Turbowolf
Twilightning
Von Hertzen Brothers
Voodoo Six
Warmen
Venom
VRSTY
We Came as Romans (Europe only)
Candlelight
Absu
Coltsblood
Black Moth
Burning The Oppressor
Daylight Dies
Demon Lung
Diablo Swing Orchestra
Emperor
Ihsahn
Insomnium
Khors
Limbonic Art
Ninkharsag
Orange Goblin
PSOTY
Shade Empire
Shrapnel
Sigh
Sigiriya
Throne Of Katarsis
Ultra Violence
Vampillia
Vision of Disorder
Voices
Winterfylleth
Witchsorrow
Zyklon
Snakefarm
Austin Meade
BOWEN * YOUNG
Broken Witt Rebels
Brothers Osborne (UK only)
Chris Shiflett (UK only)
Eric Church (UK only)
Jon Pardi (UK only)
Kip Moore (UK only)
Marcus King (UK only)
Marty Stuart and his Fabulous Superlatives
The Temperance Movement (US & Canada)
The White Buffalo
Whiskey Myers
See also
List of record labels
Deathwish Inc.
References
External links
Finnish record labels
Black metal record labels
Death metal record labels
Heavy metal record labels
Labels distributed by Universal Music Group
Record labels established in 1990 |
```forth
*> \brief \b SGBEQUB
*
* =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
*
* Online html documentation available at
* path_to_url
*
*> \htmlonly
*> Download SGBEQUB + dependencies
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TGZ]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [ZIP]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TXT]</a>
*> \endhtmlonly
*
* Definition:
* ===========
*
* SUBROUTINE SGBEQUB( M, N, KL, KU, AB, LDAB, R, C, ROWCND, COLCND,
* AMAX, INFO )
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
* INTEGER INFO, KL, KU, LDAB, M, N
* REAL AMAX, COLCND, ROWCND
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
* REAL AB( LDAB, * ), C( * ), R( * )
* ..
*
*
*> \par Purpose:
* =============
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> SGBEQUB computes row and column scalings intended to equilibrate an
*> M-by-N matrix A and reduce its condition number. R returns the row
*> scale factors and C the column scale factors, chosen to try to make
*> the largest element in each row and column of the matrix B with
*> elements B(i,j)=R(i)*A(i,j)*C(j) have an absolute value of at most
*> the radix.
*>
*> R(i) and C(j) are restricted to be a power of the radix between
*> SMLNUM = smallest safe number and BIGNUM = largest safe number. Use
*> of these scaling factors is not guaranteed to reduce the condition
*> number of A but works well in practice.
*>
*> This routine differs from SGEEQU by restricting the scaling factors
*> to a power of the radix. Barring over- and underflow, scaling by
*> these factors introduces no additional rounding errors. However, the
*> scaled entries' magnitudes are no longer approximately 1 but lie
*> between sqrt(radix) and 1/sqrt(radix).
*> \endverbatim
*
* Arguments:
* ==========
*
*> \param[in] M
*> \verbatim
*> M is INTEGER
*> The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] N
*> \verbatim
*> N is INTEGER
*> The number of columns of the matrix A. N >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] KL
*> \verbatim
*> KL is INTEGER
*> The number of subdiagonals within the band of A. KL >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] KU
*> \verbatim
*> KU is INTEGER
*> The number of superdiagonals within the band of A. KU >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] AB
*> \verbatim
*> AB is REAL array, dimension (LDAB,N)
*> On entry, the matrix A in band storage, in rows 1 to KL+KU+1.
*> The j-th column of A is stored in the j-th column of the
*> array AB as follows:
*> AB(KU+1+i-j,j) = A(i,j) for max(1,j-KU)<=i<=min(N,j+kl)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDAB
*> \verbatim
*> LDAB is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the array A. LDAB >= max(1,M).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] R
*> \verbatim
*> R is REAL array, dimension (M)
*> If INFO = 0 or INFO > M, R contains the row scale factors
*> for A.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] C
*> \verbatim
*> C is REAL array, dimension (N)
*> If INFO = 0, C contains the column scale factors for A.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] ROWCND
*> \verbatim
*> ROWCND is REAL
*> If INFO = 0 or INFO > M, ROWCND contains the ratio of the
*> smallest R(i) to the largest R(i). If ROWCND >= 0.1 and
*> AMAX is neither too large nor too small, it is not worth
*> scaling by R.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] COLCND
*> \verbatim
*> COLCND is REAL
*> If INFO = 0, COLCND contains the ratio of the smallest
*> C(i) to the largest C(i). If COLCND >= 0.1, it is not
*> worth scaling by C.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] AMAX
*> \verbatim
*> AMAX is REAL
*> Absolute value of largest matrix element. If AMAX is very
*> close to overflow or very close to underflow, the matrix
*> should be scaled.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] INFO
*> \verbatim
*> INFO is INTEGER
*> = 0: successful exit
*> < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*> > 0: if INFO = i, and i is
*> <= M: the i-th row of A is exactly zero
*> > M: the (i-M)-th column of A is exactly zero
*> \endverbatim
*
* Authors:
* ========
*
*> \author Univ. of Tennessee
*> \author Univ. of California Berkeley
*> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver
*> \author NAG Ltd.
*
*> \ingroup gbequb
*
* =====================================================================
SUBROUTINE SGBEQUB( M, N, KL, KU, AB, LDAB, R, C, ROWCND,
$ COLCND,
$ AMAX, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK computational routine --
* -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
* -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INFO, KL, KU, LDAB, M, N
REAL AMAX, COLCND, ROWCND
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
REAL AB( LDAB, * ), C( * ), R( * )
* ..
*
* =====================================================================
*
* .. Parameters ..
REAL ONE, ZERO
PARAMETER ( ONE = 1.0E+0, ZERO = 0.0E+0 )
* ..
* .. Local Scalars ..
INTEGER I, J, KD
REAL BIGNUM, RCMAX, RCMIN, SMLNUM, RADIX, LOGRDX
* ..
* .. External Functions ..
REAL SLAMCH
EXTERNAL SLAMCH
* ..
* .. External Subroutines ..
EXTERNAL XERBLA
* ..
* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
INTRINSIC ABS, MAX, MIN, LOG
* ..
* .. Executable Statements ..
*
* Test the input parameters.
*
INFO = 0
IF( M.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -1
ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -2
ELSE IF( KL.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -3
ELSE IF( KU.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -4
ELSE IF( LDAB.LT.KL+KU+1 ) THEN
INFO = -6
END IF
IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
CALL XERBLA( 'SGBEQUB', -INFO )
RETURN
END IF
*
* Quick return if possible.
*
IF( M.EQ.0 .OR. N.EQ.0 ) THEN
ROWCND = ONE
COLCND = ONE
AMAX = ZERO
RETURN
END IF
*
* Get machine constants. Assume SMLNUM is a power of the radix.
*
SMLNUM = SLAMCH( 'S' )
BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
RADIX = SLAMCH( 'B' )
LOGRDX = LOG(RADIX)
*
* Compute row scale factors.
*
DO 10 I = 1, M
R( I ) = ZERO
10 CONTINUE
*
* Find the maximum element in each row.
*
KD = KU + 1
DO 30 J = 1, N
DO 20 I = MAX( J-KU, 1 ), MIN( J+KL, M )
R( I ) = MAX( R( I ), ABS( AB( KD+I-J, J ) ) )
20 CONTINUE
30 CONTINUE
DO I = 1, M
IF( R( I ).GT.ZERO ) THEN
R( I ) = RADIX**INT( LOG( R( I ) ) / LOGRDX )
END IF
END DO
*
* Find the maximum and minimum scale factors.
*
RCMIN = BIGNUM
RCMAX = ZERO
DO 40 I = 1, M
RCMAX = MAX( RCMAX, R( I ) )
RCMIN = MIN( RCMIN, R( I ) )
40 CONTINUE
AMAX = RCMAX
*
IF( RCMIN.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
*
* Find the first zero scale factor and return an error code.
*
DO 50 I = 1, M
IF( R( I ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
INFO = I
RETURN
END IF
50 CONTINUE
ELSE
*
* Invert the scale factors.
*
DO 60 I = 1, M
R( I ) = ONE / MIN( MAX( R( I ), SMLNUM ), BIGNUM )
60 CONTINUE
*
* Compute ROWCND = min(R(I)) / max(R(I)).
*
ROWCND = MAX( RCMIN, SMLNUM ) / MIN( RCMAX, BIGNUM )
END IF
*
* Compute column scale factors.
*
DO 70 J = 1, N
C( J ) = ZERO
70 CONTINUE
*
* Find the maximum element in each column,
* assuming the row scaling computed above.
*
DO 90 J = 1, N
DO 80 I = MAX( J-KU, 1 ), MIN( J+KL, M )
C( J ) = MAX( C( J ), ABS( AB( KD+I-J, J ) )*R( I ) )
80 CONTINUE
IF( C( J ).GT.ZERO ) THEN
C( J ) = RADIX**INT( LOG( C( J ) ) / LOGRDX )
END IF
90 CONTINUE
*
* Find the maximum and minimum scale factors.
*
RCMIN = BIGNUM
RCMAX = ZERO
DO 100 J = 1, N
RCMIN = MIN( RCMIN, C( J ) )
RCMAX = MAX( RCMAX, C( J ) )
100 CONTINUE
*
IF( RCMIN.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
*
* Find the first zero scale factor and return an error code.
*
DO 110 J = 1, N
IF( C( J ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
INFO = M + J
RETURN
END IF
110 CONTINUE
ELSE
*
* Invert the scale factors.
*
DO 120 J = 1, N
C( J ) = ONE / MIN( MAX( C( J ), SMLNUM ), BIGNUM )
120 CONTINUE
*
* Compute COLCND = min(C(J)) / max(C(J)).
*
COLCND = MAX( RCMIN, SMLNUM ) / MIN( RCMAX, BIGNUM )
END IF
*
RETURN
*
* End of SGBEQUB
*
END
``` |
Joseph Demicoli (born 31 October 1914, date of death unknown) was a Maltese water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
References
1914 births
Year of death missing
Maltese male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Malta
Water polo players at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing |
Microsoft Detours is an open source library for intercepting, monitoring and instrumenting binary functions on Microsoft Windows. It is developed by Microsoft and is most commonly used to intercept Win32 API calls within Windows applications. Detours makes it possible to add debugging instrumentation and to attach arbitrary DLLs to any existing Win32 binary. Detours does not require other software frameworks as a dependency and works on ARM, x86, x64, and IA-64 systems. The interception code is applied dynamically at execution time.
Detours is used by product teams at Microsoft and has also been used by ISVs.
Prior to 2016, Detours was available in a free version limited for non-commercial and 32 bit only use and a paid version for commercial use. Since 2016, the source code is licensed under MIT License and available on GitHub.
See also
WinDbg
Dr. Watson (debugger)
Process Explorer
ProcDump
References
Further reading
External links
API Hooking with MS Detours - CodeProject
C++ libraries
Formerly proprietary software
Free and open-source software
Detours
Detours
Software using the MIT license
2002 software
Windows-only free software |
Viktor Lazarevich Zaidenberg (; born June 22, 1946) is a Russian professional football coach.
Zaidenberg managed FC Nizhny Novgorod in the Russian National Football League.
External links
Career summary at KLISF
1946 births
Living people
Russian football managers
FC Nizhny Novgorod (2007) managers
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Luya Province is located in the south and west part of the Department of Amazonas in Peru.
Its principal rivers are:
Marañon that flows from south to northwest and forms its extensive west limit with the department of Cajamarca
Utcubamba, which runs from south to north-east and forms its east boundary with the provinces of Chachapoyas and Bongará
Magunchal, which is born in the heights of the district of Colcamar, runs from south to north and ends into the Utcubamba, forming its most extensive and rich agricultural zone.
The province was created by law of February 5, 1861, has 23 districts and its capital is Lamud.
Political division
Luya is divided into twenty-three districts, which are:
See also
Kuntur Puna
References
Provinces of the Amazonas Region
1861 establishments in Peru |
Karl Konan (born 3 June 1995) is a French handball player for Montpellier Handball and the French national team. He was born in the Ivory Coast.
References
1995 births
Living people
French male handball players
Montpellier Handball players |
Zooko's triangle is a trilemma of three properties that some people consider desirable for names of participants in a network protocol:
Human-meaningful: Meaningful and memorable (low-entropy) names are provided to the users.
Secure: The amount of damage a malicious entity can inflict on the system should be as low as possible.
Decentralized: Names correctly resolve to their respective entities without the use of a central authority or service.
Overview
Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn conjectured that no single kind of name can achieve more than two. For example: DNSSec offers a human-meaningful, secure naming scheme, but is not decentralized as it relies on trusted root-servers; .onion addresses and bitcoin addresses are secure and decentralized but not human-meaningful; and I2P uses name translation services which are secure (as they run locally) and provide human-meaningful names - but fail to provide unique entities when used globally in a decentralised network without authorities.
Solutions
Several systems that exhibit all three properties of Zooko's triangle include:
Computer scientist Nick Szabo's paper "Secure Property Titles with Owner Authority" illustrated that all three properties can be achieved up to the limits of Byzantine fault tolerance.
Activist Aaron Swartz described a naming system based on Bitcoin employing Bitcoin's distributed blockchain as a proof-of-work to establish consensus of domain name ownership. These systems remain vulnerable to Sybil attack, but are secure under Byzantine assumptions.
Theoretician Curtis Yarvin implemented a decentralized version of IP addresses in Urbit that hash to four-syllable, human-readable names.
Several platforms implement refutations of Zooko's conjecture, including: Twister (which use Swartz' system with a bitcoin-like system), Blockstack (separate blockchain), Namecoin (separate blockchain), LBRY (separate blockchain - content discovery, ownership, and peer-to-peer file-sharing), Monero, OpenAlias, Ethereum Name Service, and the Handshake Protocol.
See also
Petname
GNU Name System
CAP theorem
Notes
References
External links
Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn, Names: Decentralized, Secure, Human-Meaningful: Choose Two – the essay highlighting this difficulty
Marc Stiegler, An Introduction to Petname Systems – a clear introduction
Nick Szabo, Secure Property Titles – argues that all three properties can be achieved up to the limits of Byzantine fault tolerance.
Bob Wyman, The Persistence of Identity (Updating Zooko's Pyramid)
Paul Crowley, Squaring Zooko's Triangle
Aaron Swartz, Squaring the Triangle using a technique from Bitcoin
Secure communication
Decentralization |
Prickly skate may refer to the following fish species
Banded guitarfish (Zapteryx exasperata)
Pacific starry skate (Raja stellulata)
Prickly deepsea skate (Brochiraja asperula) |
Nikolay Fyodorovich Gamaleya (; – 29 March 1949) was a Russian and Soviet physician and scientist who played a pioneering role in microbiology and vaccine research.
Biography
Gamaleya was born in Odessa, then part of the Russian Empire. He graduated from Odessa's Novorossiysky University (now Odesa University) in 1880 and the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy (now the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy) in 1883. He became a respected hospital physician in his native Odessa afterward.
Gamaleya worked in Louis Pasteur's laboratory in France in 1886. Following Pasteur's model after his return, he joined Ilya Mechnikov in organizing an Odessa bacteriological station for rabies vaccination studies and research on combating cattle plague and cholera, diagnosing sputum for tuberculosis, and preparing anthrax vaccines. The Odessa Bacteriological Institute became Russia's first-ever bacteriological observation station.
Despite the poor facilities and the small staff, the scientists were able to succeed in figuring out the conditions under which the rabies vaccination was most effective. Gamaleya's proposal for using killed bacilli in anti-cholera vaccines was later successfully applied on a wide scale as well. Similar stations were soon founded in Kiev (1886), Yekaterinoslav (1897), and Chernigov (1897).
After defending his 1892 dissertation on the etiology of cholera (published in 1893), Gamaleya served as director of the Odessa Bacteriological Institute in 1896-1908. Reporting of the lysis of Bacillus anthracis bacteria by a transmissible "ferment" in 1898, Gamaleya was the discoverer of the bacteria-destroying antibodies known as bacteriolysins.
Gamaleya initiated a public health campaign of exterminating rats to fight the plague in Odessa and southern Russia and pointed to the louse as the carrier of typhus. In 1910-1913, Gamaleya edited the journal Gigiena i sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation).
Gamaleya's later work, including organizing the supply and distribution of smallpox vaccines for the Red Army, made strides toward the eventual eradication of smallpox in the USSR.
The author of more than 300 academic publications on bacteriology, Gamaleya was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. He also served as head of the All-Union Society of Microbiologists, Epidemiologists and Infectionists.
The highly regarded Gamaleya's state honors included two Lenin Orders, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the 1943 State Stalin Prize.
Gamaleya died in Moscow.
The N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology in Moscow is named after him.
References
Further reading
External links
1859 births
1949 deaths
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Honorary Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Academicians of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
Physicians from Odesa
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian bacteriologists
Russian microbiologists
Russian medical researchers
Soviet bacteriologists
Soviet microbiologists
Ukrainian bacteriologists
Ukrainian microbiologists
Odesa University alumni
S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy alumni
Russian scientists |
Sandfloegga or Sandfloeggi is a mountain in Ullensvang Municipality in southeastern Vestland county, Norway. It lies on the southern part of the vast Hardangervidda mountain plateau, and is the highest mountain on Hardangervidda when the bordering summits of Hardangerjøkulen and Folarskardnuten are omitted. The tall mountain lies inside Hardangervidda National Park, about north of the European route E134 highway.
From the summit, the Folgefonna glacier is seen in the northwest, the mountain Hårteigen in the north, the Hallingskarvet mountain ridge and the glacier Hardangerjøkulen in the northeast, and the mountain Gaustatoppen in the east.
See also
List of mountains of Norway
References
Ullensvang
Mountains of Vestland |
Mort is both a given name and surname.
Mort is a surname or family name in the United Kingdom, traditionally found in North West England, especially Lancashire. It is also found in the counties of Glamorganshire, Monmouthshire in South Wales, but is also found in many areas of the United Kingdom. The surname is also found in other countries from English/Scottish emigrants particularly the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Mort is also
a variant of the surname Morton.
Mort is a common masculine given name or nickname/hypocorism variant of Morton or Mortimer, particularly in the United States.
Mort may refer to:
Surname
Jonathan Mort, Colombian - American actor and former teacher and politician
Chris Mort, English lawyer and former chairman of Newcastle United Football Club
David Mort (1888–1963), British politician
Graham Mort, British writer, editor and tutor
Greg Mort (born 1952), American painter
Helen Mort (born 1985), British poet
Henry Mort (1818–1900), pastoralist, businessman and politician in what is now Australia
Ian Mort (1937–1996), Australian rules footballer
John Mort (1915–1997), Anglican bishop
Thomas Mort (1897–1967), English footballer
Thomas Sutcliffe Mort (1816–1878), Australian industrialist
Valzhyna Mort (born Valhyna Martynava in 1981), Belarusian poet
Given name or nickname
Mort Abrahams (1916–2009), American film and television producer
Mort Castle (born 1946), American horror author and writing teacher
Morton Mort Cooper (1913–1958), American Major League Baseball pitcher
Mort Crim (born 1935), American author and former broadcast journalist
Mort Dixon (1892–1956), American lyricist
Mort Drucker (born 1929), American caricaturist and comics artist best known for his work in Mad magazine
Morton Mort Garson (1924–2008), Canadian-born composer, arranger, songwriter and pioneer of electronic music
Mort Gerberg (born 1931), American cartoonist and author
Morton Horwitz (born 1938), American legal historian and Harvard law professor nicknamed "Mort the Tort"
Morton Mort Kaer (1902–1992), American football player and pentathlete
Mort Kondracke (born 1939), American political commentator and journalist
Mort Künstler (born 1927), American painter
Mort Landsberg (1919–1970), American NFL player
Mortimer Mort Leav (1916–2005), American comic book and advertising artist
Mort Lindsey (1923–2012), American orchestrator, composer, pianist, conductor and musical director
Morton Mort Meskin (1916–1995), American comic book artist
Mort Mills (1919–1993), American actor born Mortimer Morris Kaplan
Mort Nathan, American television producer, screenwriter and film director best known for his work on The Golden Girls
Mort O'Shea (1882–1970), Irish Gaelic footballer
Mort Rosenblum (born 1944), American author, editor and journalist
Morton Mort Sahl (born 1927), Canadian-born American comedian and social satirist
Morton Mort Schell (born 1943), Australian former politician
Mort Shuman (1938–1991), American singer, pianist and songwriter
Mort Todd (born 1961), American writer and media entrepreneur, best known as an editor-in-chief of Cracked magazine
Addison Morton Mort Walker (1923–2018), American comic strip artist (Beetle Bailey, Hi and Lois)
Mortimer Mort Weisinger (1915–1978), American magazine and comic book editor
Fictional characters
Mort, in the animated films Madagascar, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted
Morton "Mort" Rainey, the main character of the 1990 short story Secret Window, Secret Garden by Stephen King, and the 2004 film adaptation
Mort, in the Spanish comics series Mort & Phil
Mort, a pelican in the American animated television series Camp Lazlo
Mort, the main character of the Discworld novel Mort
Mort Cinder, title character of the Mort Cinder Argentine comic book series
Mort Goldman, in the animated television show Family Guy
Mort Metzger, the sheriff in the television series Murder, She Wrote
the title character of the video game Mort the Chicken
Mort Pig, in the U.S. Acres segments on Garfield and Friends
Uncle Mort, a character in the comic writings of Peter Tinniswood
Morty Smith, of the animated television show Rick and Morty
Mort, mortician and friend of Bob Belcher in animated television series Bob's Burgers
Mort, magical door knocker in Sarah J Maas' Throne of Glass
Death (DC Comics) - Also known as Madame Mort
See also
R. Mort Frayn (1906–1993), American politician
English masculine given names
English given names
Masculine given names
Nicknames
Hypocorisms |
The Ludwigshafener Ruderverein von 1878 is the only rowing club in Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany and also one of the oldest sport club of the city. It was founded in 1878 in Ludwigshafen and at the beginning of the year 2013 the rowing club has 289 members. The Ludwigshafener Ruderverein is member of the national rowing association of Rhineland-Palatinate and in the German rowing association.
History
Early years: 1878–2000
The Ludwigshafener Ruderverein was founded at August 1, 1878. In the first meeting of members elected the 16 founding members C. H. Andersen to the first chairman of the club. Andersen was also the person who, as former member of a rowing club of Hamburg, pushed the foundation of the club.
In the first years the number of members rise an in 1898 the boatshouse in Ludwigshafen konnte eingeweiht werden. At the second olympic games in Paris in 1900 the coxed four of Ludwigshafen could win the bronze medal. Twelve years later in 1912 Hermann Wilker, Otto Fickeisen, Rudolf Fickeisen, Albert Arnheiter and cox Otto Maier could win the gold medal at the olympic games in Stockholm. The World War I stopped the development of the rowing club and the normal rowing life started first in 1921.
In 1936 Paul Söllner won the next gold medal in the coxed four in cooperation with rowers from the rowing club of Mannheim. In the World War II 57 members of the club fallen and the boatshouse were destroyed completely by the air attacks on the city of Ludwigshafen and the chemical plants in Ludwigshafen.
After the war the Ludwigshafener Ruderverein was the first refounded rowing club in the French occupation zone. The boatshouse must be rebuilt and in 1947 the first win on a national regatta could announced.
In 1972 Alois Bierl win the gold medal at the olympic games in Munich in the coxed four and Winfried Ringwald receipt the fifth place with the German eight.
Later in the nineties the woman rowing was very successful. Beate Brühe receipt together with Andrea Klapeck the fourth place at the world championships 1991 in the quadruple four. Three years later Andrea Klapeck became worldchampion in the eight and was also member of the German rowing crew for the olympic games in 1996 in Atlanta. In the division of the woman lightweights Karin Stephan achieved at the worldchampionsships in 1998 the silver medal and in 2000 the gold medal.
2013–present
In the years 2000 to 2005 Sandra Schnitzer, Anja Hannöver and Martin and Jochen Kühner were the most successful athletes on national and international competitions. In the recent past the rowing club of Ludwigshafen focused on training and education of young rowers and could send respectively one young athlete to the World Rowing Junior Championships in 2010 and 2011.
In the years 2009 and 2010 the Ludwigshafener Ruderverein provided in cooperation with the Mannheimer Ruderclub an eight for the German premier league of rowing.
Furthermore the club was very successful in the masters division. In the last years Detlev Jantz and Jürgen Hock could win many titles at the FISA World Rowing Masters and crews from the Ludwigshafener Ruderverein could achieve one victory in 2012 and good positions in the other years at the longest non-stop rowing competition of the world, the Tour du Lac Léman.
Location
The boatshouse of the Ludwigshafener Ruderverein is located in the center of Ludwigshafen beside the river Rhine. The nearby located harbor "Luitpoldhafen" will be used for training beginners and work out.
Since April 2006 in the boatshouse is reside the italien restaurant “Ristorante Della Bona” and after the reconstruction of the building in 2007 and 2008 there is an information area in the upper floor for the arising district “Rheinufer Süd” around the club.
An ample area near Altrip also belongs to the club. It is used especially for training beginners and for leisure activities of the club.
Honours
Olympic Games
World Rowing Championships
References
External links
Website of the rowing club
Rowing clubs in Germany
Sports clubs and teams established in 1878
Sport in Ludwigshafen
1878 establishments in Germany |
Ziemianin is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jan Ziemianin (born 1962), Polish biathlete
Wiesław Ziemianin (born 1970), Polish biathlete
See also
Polish-language surnames |
Jobst Herman may refer to:
Jobst Herman, Count of Schaumburg (1593–1635), member of the House of Schaumburg
Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe (1625–1678), titular Count of Lippe, Sternberg and Schwalenberg |
Richard Martin Walker (born 8 November 1977) is an English former footballer who played as a forward for Devon and Exeter League club Beer Albion.
Career
Early career
Walker started his career at Aston Villa in 1997. Here, he scored a goal against Arsenal, one of the highest points of his Villa career. After loan spells with Cambridge United, Blackpool and Wycombe Wanderers, he signed for the Seasiders in 2001. He helped Blackpool win the 2001–02 Football League Trophy, playing as a substitute in the final. Walker was loaned out to Northampton Town and Oxford United in the 2003–04 season, before joining Bristol Rovers in the summer of 2004.
Bristol Rovers
A natural goalscorer, he formed a formidable partnership with Junior Agogo before the Ghanaian was sold to Nottingham Forest. Walker scored two goals in the 2007 League Two Play-off Final against Shrewsbury at Wembley, as the Gasheads secured a 3–1 victory to send them up to League One.
Walker was placed on the transfer list at the end of the 2007–08 season, having scored only four goals in that season, all from the penalty spot. He joined Shrewsbury on a full-season loan in the summer of 2008, taking him up to the expiry of his contract with Bristol Rovers.
Burton Albion
Following the expiry of his Bristol Rovers contract, he joined newly promoted Burton Albion in July 2009 on a two-year contract, he scored 4 goals in 35 games for the club before his release in May 2011.
Solihull Moors
On 9 September 2011, Solihull Moors announced the signing of Richard Walker. He made his debut the following day in a 1–0 away win at Boston United. He scored his first goal for the club on 17 September 2011, opening the scoring as Solihull overcame Altrincham 2–0 at Damson Park.
Post-retirement
After having played less than a season of Conference North football, he opted to move with his family to Devon in April 2012. Following his retirement, Walker has worked in a large warehouse for Axminster Tools.
He ended the season playing for Beer Albion in the Premier Division of the Devon & Exeter Football League, at level 12 of the league system, some six levels below the team where he had begun the year. He was recruited for Beer by a colleague who played for the team, and who convinced Richard to play alongside him. In August 2019, Walker was announced to have stepped away from the role of player-manager, staying on at the club as a player alongside his son Jamie.
Career statistics
Honours
Blackpool
Football League Trophy: 2001–02
Crewe Alexandra
Football League Second Division runner-up: 2002–03
Bristol Rovers
Football League Two play-offs: 2007
Football League Trophy runner-up: 2006–07
References
External links
Richard Walker player profile at bristolrovers.co.uk
Richard Walker player profile at shrewsburytown.com
Richard Walker player profile at oufc.co.uk
Richard Walker player profile at ntfc.co.uk
Richard Walker player profile at blackpoolfc.co.uk
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Aston Villa F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Burton Albion F.C. players
Solihull Moors F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players |
Oakmont is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Allegheny River. The population was 6,758 as of the 2020 census. It is a suburb of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Incorporated as a town in 1889, this Allegheny River community began in 1816 when a farmer, Michael Bright, bought a large tract of land northeast of Pittsburgh. The settlement took its name from a landmark tree, as the deed description reads, "Beginning at a black oak on the bank of the Allegheny River ..." The borough is best known for the nearby Oakmont Country Club, a premier golf course which has been the site of numerous U.S. Open golf tournaments, including the 2016 U.S. Open.
Geography
Oakmont is located at (40.519518, −79.837620).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , of which is land and , or 8.99%, is water. The business district of town is on relatively flat land near the Allegheny River, but the main residential area is on the upward slope headed toward Oakmont Country Club and the Pennsylvania Turnpike.
Plum Creek flows through the borough.
Oakmont has three land borders, including Plum to the east, and Penn Hills and Verona to the south. Across the Allegheny River to the west and northwest, Oakmont runs adjacent with O'Hara Township to the west and Harmar Township to the north (via the Hulton Bridge).
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 6,911 people, 3,118 households, and 1,708 families residing in the borough. The population density was . There were 3,269 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the borough was 97.84% White, 0.90% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 3,118 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.2% were non-families. 39.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 19.3% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 25.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.0 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $41,957, and the median income for a family was $57,821. Males had a median income of $42,152 versus $32,721 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $26,716. About 4.3% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.
Government and politics
Education
Oakmont is served by the Riverview School District, which includes two elementary/junior high schools that extend through 6th grade and Riverview High School, which serves Oakmont and portions of neighboring Verona for grades 7–12. Riverview High School was ranked the No. 1 Single A School in Pennsylvania and in the top 100 overall in the state, including 18th in the Pittsburgh metro area, by U.S. News & World Report in 2020 and the 2020–21 Pittsburgh Business Times High School Rankings.
Notable highlights include a 10:1 student:teacher ratio, consistently leading state/national trends on SAT, ACT, and AP performance, and 83% of students continuing education post-graduation.
Points of interest
The Oakmont Country Club is located just outside the borough limits in the neighboring borough of Plum. The course has been consistently ranked in the top five courses of the world. It has hosted nine U.S. Opens, the most of any golf course, in 1927, 1935, 1953, 1962, 1973, 1983, 1994, 2007 and 2016, and is scheduled to host a tenth in 2025. It has also hosted three PGA Championships, five U.S. Amateurs, three NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships, and two U.S. Women's Opens.
The Kerr Memorial Museum, located at 402 Delaware Avenue, was originally a family home built in 1898 for the Kerr family and is now a museum which is open for tours. The Kerr Museum brings to life the story of the middle class in late nineteenth-century America, often overshadowed by that period's extremes of fabulous wealth and grinding poverty.
The Carnegie Library of Oakmont was built in 1899. It was the tenth library commissioned by Andrew Carnegie in America. The library is free and open to the public. An addition was added on between 2003 and 2005.
The Oaks Theater, located at 310 Allegheny Boulevard, first opened its doors on November 18, 1938, to a grand parade hosted by the boroughs of Oakmont and its "twin" borough of Verona. At the time, it was called “The Jewel of Oakmont” and featured indoor air conditioning which was a real treat for the time. In 2015 it was converted from a single-screen Art Deco-style theater to a modern, multi-purpose entertainment venue. The renovation maintained the original architectural style and grandeur of the theater, while adding modern amenities such as cabaret seating, a full-service bar, and updated lighting and sound capabilities. The theater hosts both local and national live music acts, as well as comedy performances, plays and movies.
The Oakmont Verona Cemetery is located on Pennsylvania Avenue in Oakmont.
The Jonathon Hulton Bridge was constructed in 1908. Spanning the Allegheny River, it connects Oakmont and Harmarville. The bridge was demolished successfully with explosives at 9:49 AM on Tuesday, January 26, 2016, to make way for the opening of a new bridge. The entire project, including implosion of the original bridge, was completed in the Spring of 2016, in time for the 2016 U.S. Open at nearby Oakmont Country Club.
Riverside Park, located along the Allegheny River, possesses tennis courts, basketball court, running track, pavilions, and a children's playground.
Oakmont History Center & Museum, is located at 628 Allegheny River Boulevard.
Development
Hazardous waste cleanup: Edgewater Steel Company in Oakmont, Pennsylvania
EPA site identification
EPA ID: PAD074966789
Property area: 2.3 acres
Other names: Regional Industrial Development Corp (RIDC)
Cleanup status: Corrective Action Underway
Human exposures under control: Yes, Controlled.
Groundwater under control: Yes, Controlled.
Last update: 6/4/2011
Cleanup status
This facility is one of EPA Region III's high priority Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) corrective action sites. Edgewater Steel Company clean closed an EAF dust waste pile in 1991 and closed in place a construction/demolition waste landfill in 1995. The facility shut down operations in 2001. In October, 2001 an environmental inspection was done. An Environmental Indicator (EI) report was prepared in March 2002. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) determined that with the removal of waste from the manufacturing buildings, the EI's would be under control (Sept. 2003). The buildings were demolished in 2005, but some waste (dust) was apparently disposed on site during demolition activities. Subsequent sampling in 2006 did not locate any dust or materials that exhibited a hazardous waste characteristic. Additionally as part of a Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) Act 2 site characterization, limited TCE impacts to groundwater were found.
The site was divided into two parcels for remediation and redevelopment as residential, commercial and light industrial properties; the 32-acre Oakmont area and the 28 acre River Edge area. The Oakmont area remediation and redevelopment plan received PADEP Act 2 approval, and redevelopment is underway. The River Edge area is currently under remediation.
Contaminants at this facility
PADEP allowed the Edgewater Steel Corporation to cease groundwater monitoring activities for the former EAF dust landfill because (1) it could not be properly monitored due to hydraulic influences from nearby Plum Creek and (2) Edgewater removed the EAF dust and contaminated soil, thus clean closing the unit. Earth Sciences Consultants, on behalf of Edgewater, closed monitoring wells MW-903 through MW-906. Therefore, this area posed no further groundwater contamination potential. Fay Construction currently owns the property where this unit was located.
The plant has a “large asbestos situation” in the old stream boilers, and possibly asbestos contaminated furnaces, ceiling tiles, and floor tiles, none of which are Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs). Operations have ceased at the site due to bankruptcy; hence there are currently no workers at the site. The plant is undergoing selective demolition, so any asbestos concerns will be addressed as part of any demolition work.
New construction at former Edgewater Steel site
At the site where Edgewater Steel once stood, a new greener residential neighborhood is rising. The new residential area of Oakmont will acquire condominiums, town homes, manor flats, cottage homes, village homes, green spaces, a waterfront park, and more. Edgewater will obtain 242 homes ranging from $200,000 to $700,000. These new homes will reduce energy uses by 30%. Home construction began in July 2011, with 26 home lots already sold. In addition to the residential area Edgewater will have its own commercial district.
Notable person
Reb Beach, American rock guitarist for Winger and Whitesnake.
Gallery
See also
List of crossings of the Allegheny River
List of museums in Pennsylvania
References
Sources
Populated places established in 1889
Pittsburgh metropolitan area
Boroughs in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
1889 establishments in Pennsylvania |
Jean-Robert Chouet (30 September 1642 – 17 September 1731) was an early modern physicist and political leader in the Republic of Geneva. He is chiefly remembered for introducing Cartesianism to the Académie de Genève (now the University of Geneva).
Early life and education
Chouet studied philosophy at the Académie de Genève from 1658 to 1661. In 1659 he wrote a dissertation entitled ("On motion"), supervised by Caspar Wyss. In that work he critiqued the Artistotelian concept of motion, while still also rejecting Cartesianism. He then traveled to Nîmes to study philosophy under David Derodon, a partisan of the atomism of Pierre Gassendi. Under Derodon, Chouet defended in 1662 a thesis containing an exposition of the system of Tycho Brahe. Chouet then returned to Geneva where he studied Calvinist theology in 1662–64, without much enthusiasm.
Family
His father Pierre was a printer and librarian. His mother, Renée Tronchin, was the daughter of Théodore Tronchin (1582-1657) and sister of Louis Tronchin (1629-1705), both professors of theology. The Tronchins were one of the dominant families in the Council of Geneva and at the Académie. Chouet married first Marie Favre, the daughter of treasurer-general Jean-Jacques Favre. He later married Suzanne Rigot, daughter of councillor Ami Rigot and widow of draper Louis Mallet.
Academic career
In 1664 he was appointed professor of philosophy at the Academy of Saumur, where the influence of René Descartes was strong. Chouet's teaching gradually became Cartesian and was enriched by experimental demonstrations. In 1669, at the behest of Louis Tronchin he was called back to Geneva as professor of philosophy at the Académie. There he taught the Cartesian system and treated numerous theoretical questions in theses prepared with his students. The content of these theses in physics was close to the Cartesian explanations found in such works as Jacques Rohault's Traité de Physique (1671).
In Geneva, Chouet carried out experiments and published results on the action of snake venom, on the variation in a barometer's reading associated with changes in elevation, on the operation of a siphon, and on magnets. He served as rector of the Académie de Genève from 1679 to 1681. Among Chouet's students were the astronomer and mathematician Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, as well as polygraphs Pierre Bayle and Jean Leclerc. Chouet's weekly experimental demonstrations attracted the interest of spectators from other Swiss cities.
Political career
Chouet was elected to the Republic of Geneva's Council of Two Hundred in 1677. In 1686 he resigned from his professorship at the Académie de Genève and took up a place in the Council of Twenty Five, a self-appointing executive body that exercised most of the actual power of government in the then-independent Geneva. Chouet was Secretary of State and Guardian of the Archives from 1689 to 1698. He served as Syndic in 1699, 1703 and 1707, and as First Syndic in 1711, 1715 and 1719. He also occupied the post of Scholarch from 1701 until 1727. He was among the patrician leaders who fought successfully against campaigns by Pierre Fatio and others to increase the powers of the elected Council of Two Hundred at the expense of the aristocratic Council of Twenty Five (the "Little Council").
Chouet played a key role in the educational reforms of the Académie de Genève, introduced in 1701 and 1704 by the initiative of Jean-Alphonse Turrettini. He modernized the instruction within the Académie and helped to enlarge and organize the Bibliothèque de Genève, opening its collection to the general public.
References
Bibliography
(in French)
18th-century scientists from the Republic of Geneva
1642 births
1731 deaths
17th-century scientists from the Republic of Geneva
Academic staff of the University of Geneva
Physicists from the Republic of Geneva |
Beinn Bhuidhe is a mountain near the head of Loch Fyne in Argyll in the Scottish Highlands. It is a Munro with a height of .
Overview
Beinn Bhuidhe is a Munro that lies separately from the main body of the Arrochar Alps. It is remote and unfrequented, situated to the north of the head of Loch Fyne between the upper reaches of Glen Fyne and Glen Shira. It is the only high hill in an extensive tract of featureless moorland between the head of Loch Lomond and Loch Awe. Its long summit ridge has three tops, the summit being the south-western one. Beinn Bhuidhe is much quieter than the Arrochar Alps proper, due in part to the walk-in along a private road before starting the climb.
Geography
Beinn Bhuidhe is large mountain with three ridges shaped like the prongs of a trident. The longest ridge is the most southerly of the three and extends to Clachan Hill (). The shortest is the most northerly and runs to Beinn an t-Sidhein (). Between them lies the main ridge upon which the summit is located, which runs for from Tom a’ Phiobaire in the southwest to Ceann Garbh () in the north-east. The summit () is located approximately midway along this ridge.
Ascents
There are roads in both Glen Fyne and Glen Shira but Beinn Bhuidhe is mostly accessed from the former. There are good tracks giving access to the long south-west ridges, but the short and steep route running west-north-west from Inverchorachan House is the most popular.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Munros
Mountains and hills of the Southern Highlands
Marilyns of Scotland
Mountains and hills of Argyll and Bute |
Early Violence is the debut compilation album by American rock band Psychic Ills. It was released on December 5, 2006, by the Social Registry. It is a compilation of Psychic Ills' first two releases Mental Violence I (2003) and Mental Violence II: Diamond City (2005).
Track listing
References
2006 compilation albums
Psychic Ills albums
The Social Registry albums |
Advanced Life Support (ALS) is a set of life saving protocols and skills that extend basic life support to further support the circulation and provide an open airway and adequate ventilation (breathing).
Components
Key aspects of ALS level care include:
Tracheal intubation
Rapid sequence induction
Cardiac rhythm monitoring by ECG
Cardioversion and defibrillation using a manual or automated external defibrillator
Transcutaneous pacing
Ultrasonography
Intravenous cannulation (IV)
Intraosseous (IO) access and intraosseous infusion
Surgical cricothyrotomy
Needle cricothyrotomy
Needle or finger thoracostomy of tension pneumothorax
Pericardiocentesis
Advanced medication administration through parenteral and enteral routes (IV, IO, PO, PR, ET, SL, topical, and transdermal)
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) or Pediatric Education for Pre-Hospital Providers (PEPP)
Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS), Basic Trauma Life Support (BTLS) or International Trauma Life Support (ITLS)
Algorithms
In cases of cardiac arrest, ALS builds on the foundations of basic life support (BLS) interventions such as bag-mask ventilation with high-flow oxygen, chest compressions, and use of an AED.
The core algorithm of ALS that is invoked when cardiac arrest has been confirmed, Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), relies on the monitoring of the electrical activity of the heart on a cardiac monitor. Depending on the type of cardiac arrhythmia, defibrillation and/or medication may be administered. Oxygen is administered and endotracheal intubation may be attempted to secure the airway. At regular intervals, the effectiveness of the interventions on the heart rhythm, as well as the presence of cardiac output, is assessed.
Medications that may be administered include adrenaline (epinephrine), amiodarone, atropine, bicarbonate, calcium, potassium and magnesium, among others. Saline or colloids may be administered to increase the circulating volume.
While CPR is performed (which may involve either manual chest compressions or the use of automated equipment such as the AutoPulse or LUCAS device), members of the team consider eight forms of potentially reversible causes for cardiac arrest, commonly abbreviated as "6Hs & 5Ts" according to 2005/2010 AHA Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS).
Note these reversible causes are usually taught and remembered as 4Hs and 4Ts—including hypoglycaemia and acidosis with hyper/hypokalaemia and 'metabolic causes' and omitting trauma from the T's as this is redundant with hypovolaemia—this simplification aids recall during resuscitation.
Hs and Ts
'H's
Hypoxia: low oxygen levels in the body's tissues
Hypovolemia: low amount of circulating blood, either absolutely due to blood loss or relatively due to vasodilation
Hyperkalemia or hypokalemia: disturbances in the level of potassium in the blood, and related disturbances of calcium or magnesium levels.
Hypothermia/Hyperthermia: body temperature not maintained
Hydrogen ions (Acidosis)
Hypoglycemia: Low blood glucose levels
'T's
Tension pneumothorax: increased pressure in the thoracic cavity, leading to decreased venous return to the heart
Tamponade: fluid or blood in the pericardium, compressing the heart
Toxic and/or therapeutic: chemicals, whether medication or poisoning
Thromboembolism and related mechanical obstruction (blockage of the blood vessels to the lungs or the heart by a blood clot or other material)
As of December 2005, advanced cardiac life support guidelines have changed significantly. A major new worldwide consensus has been sought based upon the best available scientific evidence. The ratio of compressions to ventilations is now recommended as 30:2 for adults, to produce higher coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures. Defibrillation is now administered as a single shock, each followed immediately by two minutes of CPR before rhythm is re-assessed (five cycles of CPR).
Other conditions
ALS also covers various conditions related to cardiac arrest, such as cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia), poisoning and effectively all conditions that may lead to cardiac arrest if untreated, apart from the truly surgical emergencies (which are covered by Advanced Trauma Life Support).
ALS providers
Many healthcare providers are trained to administer some form of ALS.
In out-of-hospital settings, trained paramedics and some specifically trained emergency medical technicians typically provide this level of care. Canadian paramedics may be certified in either ALS (Advanced Care Paramedic-ACP) or in basic life support (Primary Care Paramedic-PCP). Some Primary Care Paramedics are also trained in intravenous cannulation, and are referred to as PCP-IV (see paramedics in Canada). Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) are often skilled in ALS, although they may employ a slightly modified version of the medical algorithm. In the United States, Paramedic level services are referred to as advanced life Support (ALS). Services staffed by basic EMTs are referred to as basic life support (BLS). Services staffed by advanced emergency medical technicians can be called limited advanced life support (LALS), Intermediate Life Support (ILS), or simply advanced life support (ALS), depending on the State. In the Republic of Ireland, advanced life support (ALS) is provided by an advanced paramedic. Advanced Paramedic (AP) is the highest clinical level (level 6) in pre-hospital care in the Republic of Ireland based on the standards set down by PHECC, the Irish regulatory body for pre-hospital care and ambulance services. This terminology extends beyond emergency cardiac care to describe all of the capabilities of the providers.
In hospitals, ALS is usually given by a team of doctors and nurses, with some clinical paramedics practicing in certain systems. Cardiac arrest teams, or "Code Teams" in the US, generally include doctors and senior nurses from various specialties such as emergency medicine, anesthetics, general or internal medicine.
References
External links
Adult advanced life support on UK Resuscitation Council website
Emergency medicine
Medical credentials
pl:Reanimacja |
Kevin Flynn (born 1976) (Irish: Caoimhín Ó Floinn) is a former inter-county hurler for Dublin and former O'Tooles player.
Club
Flynn was named on the Dublin Blue Stars team on seven occasions, most recently in 2007. He won four Dublin Senior Hurling Championship medals with O'Tooles in 2002, 1997, 1996 and 1995 and a Dublin Senior Hurling League in 2006.
In 2011 he emigrated to Chicago and led Harry Bolands to titles in 2012 & 2013 acting as player/manager.
Inter County
He captained Dublin to their Walsh Cup win over Kilkenny in 2003 and also won two division two National Hurling Leagues, the most recent one in 2006. He has also played Railway Cup for Leinster.
Flynn made his league debut in October 1995 with a win over Limerick in Croke Park. He went on to make his championship debut the following summer when Dublin were defeated by Wexford by five points in the Leinster semi-final.
In 2002 he finished in 8th position in the overall Hurling Top Scorers list. Kevin Flynn was well-known, along with others for always giving generously of his time to autograph hunters and fans after games.
Honours
O'Tooles
Dublin Senior Hurling Championship:
Winners (4): 1995, 1996, 1997, 2002
Runners-up (1): 2011
Dublin Senior Hurling League:
Winners (1): 2006
Dublin
National Hurling League Division 2:
Winners (2): 1997, 2006
Walsh Cup:
Winners (1): 2003
Individual
Dublin Blue Stars: 1996, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2007
References
1976 births
Living people
Dublin inter-county hurlers
O'Tooles hurlers
Sportspeople from Belfast |
Fazil Rashid (born 11 December 1996) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Jammu & Kashmirin the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 11 February 2018. He made his first-class debut for Jammu & Kashmir in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut on 11 November 2019, for Jammu & Kashmir in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Jammu and Kashmir cricketers
Sportspeople from Srinagar
Cricketers from Jammu and Kashmir |
The 170th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1977 and 1978 during the governorship of Michael Dukakis. Kevin B. Harrington served as president of the Senate and Thomas W. McGee served as speaker of the House.
Senators
Representatives
See also
95th United States Congress
List of Massachusetts General Courts
References
Further reading
External links
(1964-1994)
Political history of Massachusetts
Massachusetts legislative sessions
massachusetts
1977 in Massachusetts
massachusetts
1978 in Massachusetts |
was a town located in Haguri District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
On April 1, 2005, Kisogawa, along with the city of Bisai, was merged into the expanded city of Ichinomiya.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 31,684 and a density of 3,331.65 persons per km². The total area was 9.51 km².
Dissolved municipalities of Aichi Prefecture
Ichinomiya, Aichi |
Landon Douglas Cassill (born July 7, 1989) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 10 Chevrolet Camaro for Kaulig Racing.
Early career
Cassill was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and began racing on a quad when he was 3 years old. Cassill moved to go-karts. He finished second in the Pro Kart Tour at Atlanta Motor Speedway at age 10. The following year, he earned his first of two Kart Series national championships. Cassill won four International Kart Federation (IKF) championships, some on dirt and some on asphalt.
In 2000, Cassill competed in three different classes: two karting and a midget class. He won all three state championships on the same night. Cassill won four more state championships at the Newton Kart Klub in Newton, Iowa in 2001. He then started racing in a modified at the half-mile Hawkeye Downs.
He was racing in the ASA Late Model Series (ASALMS) in 2003 while he was in high school at Jefferson High School in Cedar Rapids. He has also raced in legend, modified, and late model racecars. Other series include the American Speed Association and the CRA Super Series.
At age 16, he became the youngest winner in ASALMS history when he won at Lake Erie Speedway on June 9, 2006; holding the record until Erik Jones surpassed him at age 14 in 2010. On July 3, Cassill won his second ASALMS race, this time in a Southern Division race at South Georgia Motorsports Park near Cecil, Georgia. The win made him the first driver to win in both the Northern and Southern Divisions. He won his first Challenge Division race at I-70 Speedway on July 8, 2010, to become the first driver to win in all three divisions. For 196 laps, Landon held the runner-up position on the track to Peter Casilino. Landon secured victory by edging Casilino off the track. Answering questions afterward about the win, Landon replied, "Hey rubbin's just racin what can I say!"
He finished second in the Challenge Division points behind Kelly Bires, and eleventh in the Northern Division despite starting in half of the races.
NASCAR
In 2006, Cassill was introduced to NASCAR through the GM Racing Development competition. He was one of 16 drivers that participated in the three-stage evaluation process that took place at Caraway Speedway in Asheboro, North Carolina, North Georgia Speedway in Chatsworth, Georgia, and Nashville Superspeedway.
Cassill was signed by Hendrick Motorsports in December 2006. In 2007, Cassill tested the team's Car of Tomorrow car at Lakeland Speedway and Greenville-Pickens Speedway. Along with his driving duties, Cassill has worked in the team's research and development program and drove during practices for the Hendrick pit crews. Cassill made his Nationwide Series debut at Gateway International Speedway in July 2007 after turning 18, as NASCAR requires national series drivers to be at least 18 years of age (regional series drivers can be 16). Cassill finished 32nd in his debut. He was in contention to score his first Top 10 finish at Memphis before another driver spun him out on the final lap. In his six starts that year, his best finish was 18th at Dover.
In 2008, Cassill drove the No. 5 National Guard Chevrolet in 16 Nationwide series races for JR Motorsports and the No. 4 Phoenix Racing Chevrolet in the three road course races. In Cassill's first start of the season, at Nashville, he started 22nd and finished 19th, two laps down. He earned his first Top 10 finish in the June race at Nashville with a 9th-place finish. He won his first pole at Loudon, but had to start at the back of the field due to an engine change. He quickly moved his way up in the race but was wrecked by Bobby Hamilton Jr., resulting in a 34th-place finish. He was involved in another incident with Hamilton Jr. at Memphis which resulted in an altercation following the race. In 19 starts, Cassill earned five Top 10 finishes and won Rookie of the Year honors. He also drove a limited schedule in the Truck Series for Randy Moss Motorsports; garnering three Top 10 finishes. Cassill made his lone 2009 start on October 24 at Memphis; driving Phoenix Racing's No. 1 Miccosukee Chevrolet to a 10th-place finish.
In 2010, he drove the No. 98 truck for Thorsport Racing in the NextEra Energy Resources 250 at Daytona, but was caught in an accident on the first lap of the race. He made six starts in the Nationwide Series: three in the No. 7 Chevrolet for JR Motorsports and another three in the No. 09 Ford for RAB Racing. Cassill made his Cup Series debut at Michigan; driving for veteran team owner James Finch. He finished 38th in his Cup debut. He ran 15 other races that year for Finch, TRG Motorsports, and Larry Gunselman.
Cassill started the 2011 season with a 3rd-place finish in the opening Nationwide series race: the DRIVE4COPD 300 at Daytona. It would be his lone Nationwide start of the year. He drove in three Sprint Cup races for Germain Racing before moving over to Phoenix Racing. Cassill competed in 32 of the 36 races that year, with his best effort in the Heluva Good! Sour Cream Dips 400 at Michigan, where he started and finished 12th. After the end of the season, he was replaced for 2012 in the Phoenix Racing No. 51 by Kurt Busch.
In early February 2012, it was announced that Cassill would drive for Front Row Motorsports in the 2012 Daytona 500, driving the No. 26 Ford, but the deal fell through as Cassill received a full-season offer. Shortly after it was announced that Cassill would drive the No. 83 in 2012, driving for a new team, BK Racing, that purchased the assets and owners' points of the former Red Bull Racing Team. Cassill would go on to finish 31st in season points.
2013–2017
On January 17, 2013, it was announced that Cassill would leave BK Racing due to contract disagreements. In late February, he joined Circle Sport, driving the team's No. 33 in the Sprint Cup Series for the remainder of the season. In early March, it was revealed that Cassill was suing BK Racing for a claim of unpaid winnings. Later in the season, starting at the Brickyard 400, Cassill began running in the No. 40, jointly fielded by Circle Sport and Hillman Racing, in a majority of races.
In December 2013, it was announced that Cassill would return to the No. 4 Chevrolet in the 2014 NASCAR Nationwide Series for JD Motorsports, replacing Mike Wallace as the team's lead driver, in addition to returning to the No. 40 Chevrolet for Circle Sport in the Sprint Cup Series.
In the 2014 Cup season, Cassill tied his career-best finish of 12th at the Daytona 500, and recorded his best career finish of 4th at the Geico 500. Carsforsale.com was the primary sponsor of Landon Cassill during these and four other races including Kansas Speedway, Sonoma Raceway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and Michigan International Speedway.
On December 16, 2014, G&K Services re-upped as a full-time associate sponsor with multiple primary sponsorships in select markets. Those races include Las Vegas Motor Speedway, Phoenix International Raceway, Texas Motor Speedway, Talladega Superspeedway, Bristol Motor Speedway, and Chicagoland Speedway.
On February 2, 2015, Snap Fitness returned to the No. 40 team for a second year, sponsoring the races at Atlanta, the All-Star Showdown, Charlotte Motor Speedway, Michigan International Speedway, and Darlington Raceway. On February 11, it was announced that Cassill would partner with Carsforsale.com for a second year. Carsforsale.com sponsored the Daytona 500 and five other Sprint Cup races in the 2015 season. He ran very strongly in the 2015 Coke Zero 400, but his underfunded car was involved in a massive crash on the last lap at the checkered flag; he would finish 13th.
With Hillman joining Premium Motorsports, Cassill lost his No. 40 ride. In 2016, Cassill joined Front Row Motorsports, driving the No. 38 Ford Fusion. During the Texas race, a big one occurred on lap 271, Cassill barely made it through. Cassill had his best performance of the season in the Food City 500, where he led 20 laps on a contrary fuel strategy to a 22nd-place finish.
Cassill returned to FRM in 2017, though he drove the No. 34 as David Ragan returned to the team in the No. 38. His main sponsors were Starkey Hearing Foundation, CSX (Play it safe), and Love's Travel Stops.
It was announced on October 10, 2017, that Cassill would not be returning to Front Row Motorsports in 2018.
2018–2023
After losing his ride in 2017, Cassill came into the 2018 season as a free agent. Following the release of Jeffrey Earnhardt from StarCom Racing, Cassill was announced as the new driver of the No. 00 Chevrolet Camaro with sponsorship from the United States First Responders Association beginning at Martinsville. Cassill finished last after mechanical failure took the car out of the event. The following race proved much better, as Cassill finished 21st. Cassill would return once again at Bristol with sponsorship from Superior Essex and TW Cable where he would finish in the 20th position. At Homestead, he drove the No. 89 car fielded by Morgan Shepherd's Shepherd Racing Ventures team.
On December 17, 2018, it was announced that Cassill would drive the No. 00 car full-time in 2019. During the year, Cassill had the lowest crash rate among Cup drivers.
In April 2019, Cassill returned to JD Motorsports for the Talladega Xfinity race, driving the No. 4 as usual driver Ross Chastain was with Kaulig Racing for the event. He also ran ten Xfinity races for Shepherd Racing Ventures, failing to finish all but one as the team could not afford to run the full distance. Regardless, Cassill was able to qualify 9th in the Rhino Pro Truck Outfitters 300 at Las Vegas, the team's first Top 10 qualifying effort since 2009. For the season-ending Ford EcoBoost 300 at Homestead, the team acquired enough sponsorship to enable the No. 89 to race the entire event. After qualifying 13th, Cassill finished 15th for the team's first completed race since 2013 and their first Top 15 run since 2009.
Although he was under contract for the 2020 season, Cassill lost his ride at StarCom to Quin Houff. Thus, he planned to run a full Xfinity schedule for Shepherd Racing Ventures pending funding. After skipping the opener at Daytona, Cassill entered the next three races before the season was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic; sponsorship troubles due to the pandemic prevented SRV from returning for the rest of the year. Cassill instead served as a substitute in the event of a driver testing positive for COVID-19, though his duties were ultimately not required.
In 2021, Cassill rejoined JD Motorsports and the No. 4 for the full Xfinity season. Ahead of the Dover race in May, Cassill swapped cars with JDM teammate Ryan Vargas and moved to the No. 6 to help it accumulate owner points. At the time of the switch, the No. 6 was 37th in owner points, which would have jeopardized its qualifying ability for later races. He scored no Top 10s, failed to qualify for the season finale at Phoenix, and finished 22nd in the final standings.
On December 9, 2021, Kaulig Racing announced that Cassill would replace Jeb Burton in the No. 10, bringing sponsorship funding from Voyager Digital as it signed a two-year extension. His best run of the 2022 season would come at New Hampshire, leading 17 laps and finishing 3rd although he was disqualified in post-race technical inspection and would be scored 37th.
On January 18, 2023, Cassill announced that he would not be returning to Kaulig Racing full-time for the 2023 season due to Voyager Digital filing for bankruptcy midway through last season.
Motorsports career results
Career summary
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Cup Series
Daytona 500
Xfinity Series
Camping World Truck Series
K&N Pro Series East
K&N Pro Series West
Season still in progress
Ineligible for series points
Cassill started the 2013 season running for Sprint Cup Series points but switched to the Nationwide Series starting at Charlotte in May.
Cassill started the 2019 season running for Cup Series points, but switched to the Xfinity Series starting at Talladega in April.
ARCA Re/Max Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
References
External links
Living people
1989 births
Sportspeople from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Racing drivers from Iowa
NASCAR drivers
ARCA Menards Series drivers
CARS Tour drivers
International Kart Federation drivers
Hendrick Motorsports drivers
JR Motorsports drivers
ARCA Midwest Tour drivers |
The American Liberty high relief gold coin is a one-ounce gold bullion coin issued by the United States Mint since 2015. This coin was the first 100 dollar gold coin to be issued by the US Mint.
Description
The first American Liberty coin was issued in 2015, and new coins have been released every other year since. The coins are struck at the West Point Mint on a 1 oz. 24 karat gold planchet.
Design
Designs for the American Liberty coins are submitted to the US Mint via the Artistic Infusion Program. The United States Commission of Fine Arts reviews the proposed designs and makes recommendations, which the Mint may or may not use.
In addition to the above-listed releases, a one tenth ounce version of the 2017 coin was released in 2018
Silver Medals
One ounce silver medals were produced in the same design as the gold coins. The medals lack certain inscriptions as well as a denomination, but bear the same motifs of Liberty on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse.
References
Eagles on coins
Goddess of Liberty on coins
United States gold coins
Bullion coins of the United States
Gold bullion coins
Horses in art
Flags on coins |
The Sierra de Huétor is a mountain range of the Baetic System in Granada Province, Andalusia, Spain.
The range is located to the northeast of Granada city. The altitude of the summits ranges between and almost displaying a variety of different climates and habitats. Its highest point is 1,675 m high Cerro Buenavista.
The Moors used one of the mountain springs in the range, the Fuente Grande in Alfácar, to supply water to the Albaicín in Grenada.
The water was carried along an irrigation channel named Aynadamar.
Traces of more recent history are seen in trenches and fortifications on the Cerro de Maúllo which were used by the fighting armies in Granada during the Spanish Civil War.
Geography
This mountain range includes the deep valleys of the Darro and the Fardes, as well as cliffs, caves, narrow ravines and springs. The mountains are covered in Mediterranean vegetation, with shrubland alternating with holm oak. The range includes part of the municipal term of Huétor Santillán.
Protected areas
Parts of the Sierra de Huétor, along with the neighboring ranges of Sierra de la Alfaguara, Sierra de Cogollos, Sierra de Diezma, Sierra de Beas, Sierra de la Yedra, as well as the southern part of the Sierra de Arana, is a protected area under the name Sierra de Huétor and la Alfaguara Natural Park (Parque Natural de la Sierra de Huétor y la Alfaguara).
Geology
Geologically the mountains belong to the Baetic System and are made up mainly of limestone rock from the Cenozoic and Mesozoic.
See also
Baetic System
Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
References
External links
Relieve - Geología de Granada
Entorno: Parque natural Sierra de Huétor, Granada
Parque natural de la Sierra de Huétor
Huetor
Huetor
Geography of the Province of Granada |
Striking Cadre Battalions (, UBK) were armed anti-Nazi resistance units organized by the right-wing Polish resistance organization Confederation of the Nation. They existed between late 1942 and early 1944 (after August 1943 they were part of the Home Army).
Beginnings
The idea to create the UBK was conceived among Warsaw's conspirational circles in early 1940s. Altogether, eight battalions were formed, and their task was to engage the Germans in Polish countryside, especially in the Eastern Borderlands of Poland.
First attempt to organize armed resistance took place in October 1942. Members of the 1st Battalion, under Captain Ignacy Telechun (nom de guerre Toporski), after concentration in the forests north of Warsaw, headed towards northern Podlaskie, where they wanted to set a base. However, their forces were not strong enough and after several skirmishes with the Wehrmacht, the unit returned to Warsaw. They lost 36 men - 4 killed, 2 wounded and 30 captured.
Campaigns
1943
January
During winter of 1942/43, the UBK carried out preparations for future actions. In January 1943, a patrol under Ryszard Reiff (Jacek) set towards Ciechanowiec, where the 1st Striking Partisan Platoon was created. After some time, the Platoon was renamed into the 8th Battalion.
May
In late May 1943, UBK, with permission from the Home Army's headquarters, concentrated its forces (200 men) around Wyszków. The Germans soon found out about it and surrounded the Poles. A skirmish ensued, in which 4 Poles were killed and 8 wounded. German losses were estimated at 15 killed and 22 wounded. Those who were not caught, divided themselves into two groups and headed north, to Bialystok District. On June 11, 1943, the UBK forces under Major Stanisław Pieciul (Radecki) of the 4th Battalion engaged the Germans near the village of Pawły (Bielsk County). 25 Poles and approximately 40 Germans died.
July
In July 1943, the UBK units, active in Bialystok District, consisted of five battalions. Altogether, there were 200 fighters, and during a number of skirmishes with the Germans (including the Raid on Mittenheide), 138 of them were killed. These heavy losses were criticized by the Home Army's headquarters, who claimed that the UBK was profusely using lives of young Polish soldiers.
August
On August 17, 1943, upon the order of General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, the UBK was included into the Home Army. Soon afterwards, all battalions were transferred to the area of Novogrudok.
1944
During process of reorganization of the Home Army's Novogrudok District, the UBK units created a battalion, which became part of the Home Army's 77th Infantry Regiment, under Bolesław Piasecki. In February 1944, the battalion had around 700 soldiers (some sources put the number at around 500). The unit took part in the Operation Tempest, fighting the Germans around Lida and Vilnius (see: Operation Ostra Brama), where it suffered heavy losses.
Dissolution
On July 17, 1944, the NKVD officers invited the Polish Home Army's Vilnius Command for negotiations, arresting them immediately. After this, the former UBK dissolved, and those soldiers who came from Central Poland decided to get back to their homeland.
See also
Military history of Poland during World War II
References
Ze wspomnien zolnierzy AK Okregu Nowogrodek, oprac. Eugeniusz Wawrzyniak, Warszawa 1988.
Jerzy Slaski, Polska Walczaca, Warszawa 1988. t. V. Uderzenie, s. 616–621.
Kazimierz Krajewski, Na Ziemi Nowogrodzkiej. "Now" – Nowogrodzki Okreg Armii Krajowej, Warszawa 1997.
Poland in World War II
Military history of Poland during World War II
National radicalism |
Langhorne Creek (formerly Langhorne's Creek) is a town in South Australia, located approximately 55 kilometres (35 miles) from the Adelaide city centre. At the 2021 census, Langhorne Creek had a population of 444 residents.
Langhorne Creek gained its name from "Alfred Langhorne", a cattle drover, who brought cattle overland to his property during the 1940s. Alfred established a well known crossing across the nearby Bremmer River that was aptly nicknamed Langhorne's Crossing, eventually becoming the location where the town was established.
Being in close proximity to the Bremmer River, Langhorne Creek regularly experiences flooding, with growers utilizing this water for irrigation or vineyards and pastures. This coexistence with flood waters is unique within Australia and one of the few places in the world where flood water is the main source of irrigation.
Wine Industry
Langhorne Creek has a wine history dating back to the 1850's. Langhorne Creek has grown to become the third highest grape producing region in South Australia, producing over 40,000 tonnes annually. Traditionally a red wine growing district well known for production of outstanding Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, these two red wine grape varieties constitute approximately 70% of the total vineyard plantings in the region. Over recent years, considerable experimentation has occurred and a wide range of grape varieties are now grown. The vineyards harvest their fruit from late February to late April.
Features
The township has numerous places to eat: the Langhorne Creek General Store and The Bridge Hotel can be found on the main street of the town while the Angas Plains Estate, Bremerton and Lake Breeze cellar doors all offer lunch menus that go perfectly with a glass of wine. Additionally, The Winehouse is available to hire for functions and features a full kitchen. Langhorne Creek has numerous cellar doors, all open seven days a week: Angas Plains Estate, Bremerton, Bleasdale, Kimbolton, Lake Breeze, Rusticana, The Winehouse, Windsong Wines and Vineyard Road Cellar Door.
Frank Potts Reserve (named for the founder of the nearby Bleasdale winery) and Alfred Langhorne Park (for one of the cattle-droving brothers Alfred and Charles) are popular places to picnic and excellent areas to observe native flora and fauna.
Sport
Despite its relatively small population, Langhorne Creek boasts a strong culture of success across a number of sports. Langhorne Creek fields teams in: Australian rules football, netball, cricket, tennis, lawn bowls and many others. The main venue for football, cricket, netball, tennis and lawn bowls is Langhorne Creek Memorial Park which is located at Murray Road, Langhorne Creek.
The Langhorne Creek Football Club was established in 1906 and currently competes in the Great Southern Football League. Known as the Hawks, Langhorne Creek Football Club has enjoyed a sustained period of success since 2000 having won the GSFL A Grade premiership six times (2001, 2002, 2011, 2012, 2018, 2019) and has consistently been among the strongest clubs in the region during that time while being the smallest club.
The Langhorne Creek Cricket Club was established in 1889 and joined the Alexandra Cricket Association as a foundation member in 1908. It currently competes in the Alexandra & Eastern Hills Cricket Association winning three premierships (2003/04, 2006/07, 2018/19) since the league formed in 1983/84. With a relatively round oval, a turf wicket, a new electronic scoreboard and a lovely outfield, it is a great place to play cricket. The LCCC has three senior teams and three junior teams and are known as the "Tigers".
Notes and references
External links
Langhorne Creek Wine Industry Council Inc. website
Langhorne Creek Wine Region South Australian Tourism Bureau homepage
Towns in South Australia |
```html
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The 1957 VFL season was the 61st season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 20 April until 21 September, and comprised an 18-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs.
The premiership was won by the Melbourne Football Club for the ninth time and third time consecutively, after it defeated by 61 points in the 1957 VFL Grand Final.
Background
In 1957, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.
Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 7.
Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1957 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system.
Home-and-away season
Round 1
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.16 (88)
|
| 7.17 (59)
| Junction Oval
| 37,000
| 20 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 8.10 (58)
|
| 13.15 (93)
| Victoria Park
| 30,000
| 20 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.6 (66)
|
| 15.12 (102)
| Princes Park
| 24,321
| 20 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.11 (53)
|
| 6.14 (50)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 24,000
| 22 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 19.14 (128)
|
| 15.15 (105)
| Punt Road Oval
| 23,000
| 22 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.11 (77)
|
| 10.17 (77)
| Kardinia Park
| 34,844
| 22 April 1957
Round 2
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.22 (76)
|
| 8.9 (57)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 21,000
| 27 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.13 (85)
|
| 7.11 (53)
| Western Oval
| 29,497
| 27 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.8 (74)
|
| 8.15 (63)
| Windy Hill
| 21,500
| 27 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.13 (67)
|
| 10.13 (73)
| Arden Street Oval
| 12,000
| 27 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.20 (80)
|
| 10.12 (72)
| MCG
| 45,571
| 27 April 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 6.16 (52)
|
| 10.16 (76)
| Lake Oval
| 22,385
| 27 April 1957
Round 3
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.16 (88)
|
| 9.11 (65)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 17,000
| 4 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 19.16 (130)
|
| 13.9 (87)
| Lake Oval
| 19,275
| 4 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.9 (87)
|
| 11.12 (78)
| Arden Street Oval
| 11,000
| 4 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.20 (86)
|
| 5.11 (41)
| MCG
| 42,920
| 4 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.5 (77)
|
| 12.15 (87)
| Kardinia Park
| 24,292
| 4 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.10 (64)
|
| 7.9 (51)
| Western Oval
| 34,878
| 4 May 1957
Round 4
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 6.15 (51)
|
| 4.9 (33)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 20,000
| 11 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.14 (80)
|
| 4.14 (38)
| Windy Hill
| 30,000
| 11 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 14.9 (93)
|
| 11.17 (83)
| Victoria Park
| 32,500
| 11 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 15.12 (102)
|
| 13.11 (89)
| Princes Park
| 28,888
| 11 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 16.5 (101)
|
| 12.12 (84)
| Junction Oval
| 20,000
| 11 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 16.10 (106)
|
| 10.31 (91)
| Punt Road Oval
| 16,500
| 11 May 1957
Round 5
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 17.17 (119)
|
| 13.12 (90)
| MCG
| 35,682
| 18 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.10 (64)
|
| 3.19 (37)
| Kardinia Park
| 18,000
| 18 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.12 (84)
|
| 13.4 (82)
| Victoria Park
| 29,783
| 18 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 16.22 (118)
|
| 13.16 (94)
| Princes Park
| 28,936
| 18 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.16 (70)
|
| 9.14 (68)
| Arden Street Oval
| 19,000
| 18 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.16 (58)
|
| 14.16 (100)
| Lake Oval
| 27,500
| 18 May 1957
Round 6
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 17.12 (114)
|
| 6.15 (51)
| MCG
| 28,250
| 25 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 14.14 (98)
|
| 10.19 (79)
| Western Oval
| 24,902
| 25 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.12 (66)
|
| 11.8 (74)
| Windy Hill
| 22,000
| 25 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.13 (73)
|
| 13.5 (83)
| Junction Oval
| 24,000
| 25 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.13 (91)
|
| 10.16 (76)
| Arden Street Oval
| 20,000
| 25 May 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.10 (82)
|
| 14.12 (96)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 24,500
| 25 May 1957
Round 7
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.16 (88)
|
| 8.9 (57)
| Victoria Park
| 23,458
| 1 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.9 (87)
|
| 7.20 (62)
| Princes Park
| 34,740
| 1 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.9 (75)
|
| 11.13 (79)
| Lake Oval
| 15,000
| 1 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.10 (52)
|
| 6.14 (50)
| Punt Road Oval
| 16,000
| 1 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.11 (77)
|
| 7.8 (50)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 26,000
| 1 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 14.15 (99)
|
| 17.11 (113)
| Kardinia Park
| 17,240
| 1 June 1957
Round 8
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.15 (81)
|
| 10.19 (79)
| Punt Road Oval
| 21,000
| 8 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.11 (71)
|
| 10.17 (77)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 15,000
| 8 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 21.12 (138)
|
| 15.12 (102)
| Windy Hill
| 22,000
| 8 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.11 (71)
|
| 14.15 (99)
| Princes Park
| 31,096
| 8 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.14 (68)
|
| 13.11 (89)
| Lake Oval
| 18,200
| 8 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.17 (89)
|
| 6.4 (40)
| Western Oval
| 34,742
| 8 June 1957
Round 9
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.13 (85)
|
| 13.14 (92)
| Victoria Park
| 32,280
| 15 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 3.12 (30)
|
| 9.21 (75)
| Junction Oval
| 33,500
| 15 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.14 (56)
|
| 8.15 (63)
| Arden Street Oval
| 28,000
| 15 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.15 (87)
|
| 8.12 (60)
| Western Oval
| 28,450
| 17 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 23.16 (154)
|
| 14.10 (94)
| MCG
| 48,001
| 17 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 15.14 (104)
|
| 7.14 (56)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 23,000
| 17 June 1957
Round 10
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.8 (68)
|
| 10.10 (70)
| Kardinia Park
| 12,456
| 22 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.14 (68)
|
| 14.14 (98)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 17,500
| 22 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.12 (78)
|
| 16.13 (109)
| Arden Street Oval
| 14,000
| 22 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.15 (75)
|
| 8.11 (59)
| Junction Oval
| 21,000
| 22 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.10 (88)
|
| 7.19 (61)
| Punt Road Oval
| 25,000
| 22 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 14.16 (100)
|
| 9.9 (63)
| Victoria Park
| 33,345
| 22 June 1957
Round 11
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.9 (69)
|
| 14.8 (92)
| Kardinia Park
| 18,177
| 29 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.14 (80)
|
| 13.11 (89)
| Windy Hill
| 18,500
| 29 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.14 (92)
|
| 7.13 (55)
| Princes Park
| 21,454
| 29 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.15 (87)
|
| 7.9 (51)
| MCG
| 49,512
| 29 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 15.19 (109)
|
| 14.12 (96)
| Lake Oval
| 16,200
| 29 June 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.14 (74)
|
| 13.15 (93)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 27,000
| 29 June 1957
Round 12
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 17.15 (117)
|
| 10.13 (73)
| Arden Street Oval
| 21,000
| 6 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.11 (65)
|
| 9.10 (64)
| Western Oval
| 23,578
| 6 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.15 (81)
|
| 9.17 (71)
| Lake Oval
| 18,000
| 6 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 24.14 (158)
|
| 10.14 (74)
| MCG
| 21,370
| 6 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.16 (88)
|
| 10.13 (73)
| Windy Hill
| 26,500
| 6 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.10 (52)
|
| 8.13 (61)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 26,000
| 6 July 1957
Round 13
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 12.15 (87)
|
| 8.13 (61)
| Kardinia Park
| 14,806
| 13 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.7 (49)
|
| 6.13 (49)
| Victoria Park
| 24,216
| 13 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.15 (81)
|
| 10.5 (65)
| Princes Park
| 20,572
| 13 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.12 (78)
|
| 10.15 (75)
| Punt Road Oval
| 22,000
| 13 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 14.16 (100)
|
| 14.8 (92)
| Junction Oval
| 24,400
| 13 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.10 (52)
|
| 9.18 (72)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 12,500
| 13 July 1957
Round 14
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.13 (73)
|
| 11.12 (78)
| Punt Road Oval
| 21,000
| 27 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.13 (55)
|
| 5.4 (34)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 10,000
| 27 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.18 (72)
|
| 11.7 (73)
| Windy Hill
| 22,500
| 27 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.14 (92)
|
| 6.8 (44)
| Victoria Park
| 21,316
| 27 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.13 (79)
|
| 7.10 (52)
| Princes Park
| 31,810
| 27 July 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 15.18 (108)
|
| 8.8 (56)
| Junction Oval
| 14,500
| 27 July 1957
Round 15
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.11 (89)
|
| 14.9 (93)
| Arden Street Oval
| 10,000
| 3 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 15.13 (103)
|
| 13.13 (91)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 12,000
| 3 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 8.18 (66)
|
| 10.13 (73)
| MCG
| 32,163
| 3 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 7.8 (50)
|
| 12.11 (83)
| Western Oval
| 24,942
| 3 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 9.13 (67)
|
| 12.19 (91)
| Lake Oval
| 25,300
| 3 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.19 (85)
|
| 6.7 (43)
| Kardinia Park
| 16,808
| 3 August 1957
Round 16
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 6.6 (42)
|
| 8.13 (61)
| Western Oval
| 13,325
| 10 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.15 (75)
|
| 7.13 (55)
| Windy Hill
| 16,000
| 10 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 1.5 (11)
|
| 6.13 (49)
| Junction Oval
| 17,100
| 10 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 14.19 (103)
|
| 8.7 (55)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 12,000
| 10 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 8.14 (62)
|
| 8.13 (61)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 22,000
| 10 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.9 (75)
|
| 7.9 (51)
| Punt Road Oval
| 22,000
| 10 August 1957
Round 17
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 8.10 (58)
|
| 10.13 (73)
| Kardinia Park
| 12,759
| 17 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.14 (92)
|
| 11.13 (79)
| Victoria Park
| 20,310
| 17 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.13 (79)
|
| 5.11 (41)
| Princes Park
| 25,945
| 17 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 11.9 (75)
|
| 9.17 (71)
| Lake Oval
| 18,100
| 17 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.11 (89)
|
| 14.14 (98)
| Punt Road Oval
| 19,000
| 17 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 13.7 (85)
|
| 9.10 (64)
| Glenferrie Oval
| 31,000
| 17 August 1957
Round 18
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Venue
| Crowd
| Date
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 10.20 (80)
|
| 17.11 (113)
| Arden Street Oval
| 10,000
| 24 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 18.12 (120)
|
| 10.11 (71)
| MCG
| 35,751
| 24 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 8.11 (59)
|
| 7.15 (57)
| Western Oval
| 25,436
| 24 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 15.14 (104)
|
| 10.20 (80)
| Brunswick Street Oval
| 10,000
| 24 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 14.12 (96)
|
| 7.14 (56)
| Junction Oval
| 29,300
| 24 August 1957
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|
| 17.21 (123)
|
| 9.8 (62)
| Windy Hill
| 35,000
| 24 August 1957
Ladder
|- style=background:#FFFFBB
| 1 || align=left | (P) || 18 || 12 || 5 || 1 || 1567 || 1129 || 138.8 || 50
|- style=background:#FFFFBB
| 2 || align=left | || 18 || 11 || 7 || 0 || 1447 || 1223 || 118.3 || 44
|- style=background:#FFFFBB
| 3 || align=left | || 18 || 11 || 7 || 0 || 1321 || 1132 || 116.7 || 44
|- style=background:#FFFFBB
| 4 || align=left | || 18 || 11 || 7 || 0 || 1341 || 1348 || 99.5 || 44
|-
| 5 || align=left | || 18 || 9 || 8 || 1 || 1390 || 1366 || 101.8 || 38
|-
| 6 || align=left | || 18 || 9 || 8 || 1 || 1263 || 1275 || 99.1 || 38
|-
| 7 || align=left | || 18 || 9 || 9 || 0 || 1506 || 1604 || 93.9 || 36
|-
| 8 || align=left | || 18 || 8 || 10 || 0 || 1404 || 1477 || 95.1 || 32
|-
| 9 || align=left | || 18 || 8 || 10 || 0 || 1318 || 1394 || 94.5 || 32
|-
| 10 || align=left | || 18 || 7 || 11 || 0 || 1349 || 1519 || 88.8 || 28
|-
| 11 || align=left | || 18 || 6 || 12 || 0 || 1355 || 1611 || 84.1 || 24
|-
| 12 || align=left | || 18 || 5 || 12 || 1 || 1368 || 1551 || 88.2 || 22
|}
Rules for classification: 1. premiership points; 2. percentage; 3. points forAverage score: 77.0Source: AFL Tables
Finals series
Semi-finals
Preliminary final
Grand final
Night Series Competition
The night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne.
In all other years of the night competition (i.e., 1956–1971), only teams that had finished 5th to 12th on ladder at the end of the home-and-away season competed; i.e., teams which were not playing in any of the end of season finals matches.
In 1957, due to the perceived popularity of the competition's initial year (1956), all twelve VFL clubs played in the 1957 Night Series. The series was marred by bad weather, with two matches having to be abandoned. Only an average of 16,000 spectators attending each of the 11 matches that were played. In 1958, the competition reverted to the 1956 structure, where only teams finishing 5th to 12th on the ladder competed.
Final: South Melbourne 15.13 (103) defeated Geelong 8.4 (52)
Season notes
Following the successful introduction of televised sport in 1956, the VFL decides to allow the live broadcast of the last quarter of three VFL matches each Saturday afternoon. Experiments conducted in 1956 involving three "closed circuit" telecasts of three of the finals matches, and the live broadcast of the Olympic Games' demonstration match had shown that it was possible to from "wide-shots" to "close-ups" quickly enough to provide effective viewing. Each station's telecast had a principal commentator: Tony Charlton (HSV-7), Ken Dakin (ABV-2), and Ian Johnson (GTV-9).
In Round 4, Richmond defeated Fitzroy by 15 points despite having fifteen fewer scoring shots. This remains the greatest deficit in scoring shots by a winning side, though equalled by Geelong against Collingwood in 1977.
In August, learning from the success of the Olympic Games, and in an attempt to counter the problems of overnight queues outside the Melbourne Cricket Ground prior to each final, the VFL sold reserved tickets through the mail for the finals series. It was also anticipated that this would greatly assist country people, who could now book seats and accommodation well in advance.
Hawthorn made the final four for the first time since their VFL debut in 1925, ending the longest finals drought in VFL/AFL history (thirty-two years and 595 matches).
Allan Nash becomes the last umpire to officiate in all games of a finals series.
Awards
The 1957 VFL Premiership team was Melbourne.
The VFL's leading goalkicker was Jack Collins of Footscray who kicked 74 goals.
The winner of the 1957 Brownlow Medal was Brian Gleeson of St Kilda with 24 votes.
The McClelland Trophy was won by , with 173 points. Minor premiers finished second with 164.
Geelong took the "wooden spoon" in 1957.
The seconds premiership was won by . North Melbourne 14.13 (97) defeated 13.15 (93) in the Grand Final, held as a curtain raiser to the firsts Grand Final on 21 September.
References
Rogers, S. & Brown, A., Every Game Ever Played: VFL/AFL Results 1897–1997 (Sixth Edition), Viking Books, (Ringwood), 1998.
Ross, J. (ed), 100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996.
Sources
1957 VFL season at AFL Tables
1957 VFL season at Australian Football
Australian Football League seasons
VFL season |
Xylophanes schreiteri is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Argentina and Bolivia.
The wingspan is 71–92 mm. It is similar to Xylophanes resta, but both forewings and hindwings are apically more falcate and the outer margin of the forewing is straighter. Furthermore, distal to discal spot on the forewing upperside there is a dark brown dash running parallel and sometimes connected to the first postmedian line, which is stronger and reaches closer to the apex. The forewing underside has a pale yellow apical area on the costa, although this is occasionally pale buff and contrasting strongly with the orange-yellow ground colour.
Adults are on wing from February to March and again from October to November in Argentina.
The larvae probably feed on Rubiaceae and Malvaceae species.
References
schreiteri
Moths described in 1923 |
Maurer AG, formerly known as Maurer Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, is a steel construction company and roller coaster manufacturer. Founded in 1876 in Munich, Germany, the company has built many styles of steel buildings, ranging from bridges, industrial buildings, and even art structures. While known for building a variety of wild mouse coasters, its subsidiary Maurer Rides GmbH has branched out into spinning, looping, and launching coasters. The company also produces a free-fall tower ride. On December 15, 2014, the company changed its name to Maurer AG.
Roller coaster work
In 1993, Maurer took over the amusement ride division of a fellow German firm, BHS. BHS constructed four Schwarzkopf-designed roller coasters, working with Sansei Yusoki and Zierer in the process. Maurer's first ride was a custom looping roller coaster called Venus GP that opened at Space World in 1996. Since then they have produced almost 50 roller coasters including spinning, launched, racing and wild mouse roller coasters.
One of the first types of roller coaster that Maurer manufactured was a wild mouse. The design, known as Wilde Maus Classic, was first installed as Kopermijn at Drievliet Family Park in 1996. At the end of 2010, the Wilde Maus Classic design has been replicated at 13 locations around the world.
In 2000, the S-Coaster was introduced by Maurer. The S-Coaster is Maurer's spinning roller coaster design. It is the most popular design (in terms of installations) that Maurer has ever produced with over 21 installations worldwide.
Maurer's X-Coaster comes in a variety of different designs: X-Car, X-Train and SkyLoop. Under the X-Car category Maurer manufactures rides with launches, vertical lifts, floorless cars and cars with embedded music systems. An X-Train X-Coaster is one which features 4-across seating (2 seats above the track and one on either side of the track as a floorless seat). Under the SkyLoop category Maurer has a variety of models including XT 150 ( in length), XT 450 ( in length), launched and custom designs.
Most recently, in 2010, Maurer introduced the R-Coaster. The R-Coaster is a type of racing roller coaster which features several sets of Linear Synchronous Motors on two parallel tracks. The first, and currently only, R-Coaster is Fiorano GT Challenge at Ferrari World in Abu Dhabi. In 2018, it was announced that Maurer would be building the first roller coaster at sea, on the Carnival cruise ship Mardi Gras.
List of roller coasters
As of 2023, Maurer AG has built 68 roller coasters around the world.
Maurer German Wheels
Maurer German Wheels is a subsidiary of Maurer Söhne. It manufactures the R80XL giant Ferris wheel under licence from Bussink Design.
References
External links
Manufacturing companies based in Munich
Roller coaster manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1876
German companies established in 1876 |
Afghanistan National Television ( Telvizoon-e Milli Afganistan, Da Afganistan Milli Telvizoon) is the state-owned television channel in Afghanistan. It is part of the Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) public broadcaster.
History
Afghan television was launched on 19 August 1978, Afghan Independence Day, in a ceremony headed by Nur Muhammad Taraki. Since the beginning its broadcasts were in colour.
In 1983 three new stations were commissioned in Kandahar, Jalalabad and Herat, however they started its broadcasts some months later. On 2 January 1985 the broadcasts started in Jalalabad while a new station in Badakhshan Province finished its construction. On 3 February 1985 a new station opened in Ghazni, while the same month the broadcasts started in Kandahar and Herat.
During the Taliban regime, Afghanistan National Television ceased operations when television was banned, and on 8 July 1998 they ordered the destruction of all TV sets. After the Taliban were overthrown, television in Afghanistan restarted on 18 November 2001.
In 2019, RTA launched a sister channel to the main station called RTA Sport, which is dedicated to sports content.
Exclusive 2008 speech
RTA became famous worldwide when Afghan President Hamid Karzai made a live speech to the world minutes after dozens of insurgents attempted to assassinate him at an Afghan military parade. The assassination attempt was thwarted by the Afghan National Army. The scene of the attempt was also broadcast live to RTA viewers in Afghanistan and picked up by the international media.
International availability
Afghanistan National Television became available in Europe, Middle East, North Africa Africa Asia Pacific and North America on 5 January 2008. The channel's broadcasting hours were 06:00 to 00:00 (local Afghan time), corresponding to 01:30 to 19:30 UTC; later that year it started broadcasting 24 hours. As of 2018, it is no longer broadcast on the Hot Bird satellite in Europe.
Currently the channel broadcasts on the TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT satellite to viewers in and around Afghanistan and in Europe, and western Asia. It also broadcasts on GSAT-19 for viewers in the Indian subcontinent.
See also
Television in Afghanistan
References
Publicly funded broadcasters
Television channels and stations established in 1964
State media
Soviet foreign aid |
Robert Malcolm (born 12 November 1980 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former football player and coach.
Malcolm played as a centre-back or defensive midfielder for Rangers, Derby County, Queens Park Rangers (on loan), Motherwell, Brisbane Roar, Dundee and Cowdenbeath. He also represented Scotland in under-21 and 'B' team international matches.
Since retiring as a player, Malcolm has worked as a coach. He assisted Barry Ferguson during his time as manager of Blackpool and Clyde.
Playing career
Rangers
He began his career playing for Scottish Premier League team Rangers, either as a centre back or a defensive midfielder. A graduate of the club's youth system, Malcolm played 115 games (three goals) in all competitions across his seven years as a senior player at Rangers, winning four major honours (two league titles, a Scottish Cup and a Scottish League Cup).
In May 2004, Malcolm was fined £5,000 after signing "FTP" (an acronym depicting "Fuck The Pope") alongside an autograph for a fan. Anti-sectarian charity Nil by Mouth made Rangers aware of the incident which took place at a private club function. In November 2004, Malcolm was sent-off from the dug-out at Ibrox Stadium and escorted to the dressing room by two police officers for making what was reported to have been obscene gestures towards fans of rival Scottish club Celtic, during an Old Firm derby. However, he did return to the bench later in the match.
Despite playing 17 times for Rangers during season 2005–06 under Alex McLeish, he was not in the plans of new manager Paul Le Guen for the new season and was left out of the squad's pre-season trip to South Africa. He had been linked with moves to Dundee United, Ipswich Town, Coventry City, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Preston North End and Millwall before being released by Rangers on 31 August 2006.
Derby County
Malcolm signed for Derby County on 6 September. He played a part in The Rams promotion to the English Premier League, but injuries hampered his progress at the Derby and on 16 November 2007 he joined Championship club Queens Park Rangers on loan until 1 January 2008, where he joined up with ex-Derby teammates Lee Camp and Adam Bolder.
On 28 December 2007, Malcolm was suspended by Derby County after he was charged by police with a drink driving offence, although he was playing for QPR at the time. The charge related to an alleged incident on the M1 motorway in Derbyshire the previous morning. He was bailed to appear before Chesterfield Magistrates Court on 16 January 2008. During this hearing the case was adjourned until 29 January. After the adjournment Malcolm admitted to being unfit to drive through drink and he was subsequently banned from driving. On 31 January 2008 Malcolm had his Derby County contract paid up by manager Paul Jewell, after playing only 14 games for The Rams, with one Premier League appearance in a 6–0 defeat at Liverpool.
Motherwell
Reports in February 2008 had linked him with a move to FC Dallas, but, after failing a fitness test, he instead opted to join Scottish Premier League side Motherwell on 26 February 2008, signing a contract until the end of the 2007–08 season. Malcolm then signed a further one-year deal with the club on 10 July 2008.
Brisbane Roar
Malcolm signed for Queensland-based A-League team Brisbane Roar in July 2009 where former Rangers teammates Craig Moore and Charlie Miller played at the time. He was released by the Roar after the team started a rebuilding phase under new coach Ange Postecoglou.
Dundee
In March 2010, Malcolm moved back to Scotland, with First Division hopefuls Dundee. Having made three appearances for Dundee he was released by the club on 4 May 2010, along with 8 other players.
Cowdenbeath
Malcolm signed for Cowdenbeath in March 2011. He was released in May 2011 following Cowdenbeath's relegation to the Second Division. After missing a year through injury, Malcolm trained with East Fife in July 2012. However, ultimately he never played for another senior club.
International
Malcolm made appearances for both Scotland U21 and Scotland B. He was also called up to the senior Scotland team in February 2003 but was ultimately never capped at that level.
Coaching career
Malcolm was appointed to a coaching position at Blackpool in January 2014, working for his former Rangers teammate Barry Ferguson. In a match against Burnley in April 2014, Malcolm was filmed pushing Blackpool player Stephen Dobbie in the face. Ferguson subsequently admitted that tensions were a "bit high". Blackpool avoided relegation from the Football League Championship, but Ferguson and Malcolm left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season.
Ferguson was appointed manager of Scottish League Two club Clyde and in June 2014 recruited Malcolm to be a coach. Malcolm was promoted to the position of assistant manager at Clyde in August 2014. After Ferguson resigned on 26 February, Malcolm took caretaker charge of one match.
In October 2017, Malcolm was seen operating an ice cream van in Glasgow's Barlanark neighbourhood, filling in for a relative who owned the operation.
Malcolm was the assistant manager of Kelty Hearts, working under Barry Ferguson, up until 2021, when Ferguson was appointed as manager of Alloa Athletic.
Statistics
Playing statistics
Managerial statistics
Honours
Rangers
Scottish Premier League: 2002–03, 2004–05
Scottish Cup: 2002–03
Scottish League Cup: 2004–05
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Scotland men's under-21 international footballers
Scotland men's B international footballers
Scottish Premier League players
Rangers F.C. players
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Premier League players
Derby County F.C. players
English Football League players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Motherwell F.C. players
Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia
A-League Men players
Brisbane Roar FC players
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Dundee F.C. players
Cowdenbeath F.C. players
East Fife F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. non-playing staff
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Clyde F.C. non-playing staff
Clyde F.C. managers
Scottish football managers
Association football coaches |
Daniel "Danny" Shouse (born October 23, 1958) is an American former professional basketball player who won two Icelandic championships with Úrvalsdeild club Njarðvík in 1981 and 1982.
He set the Icelandic single game scoring record in 1979 when he scored 100 points in a Division I game.
College
Shouse played for Peru State College from 1977 to 1979 and left as their all-time leading scorer with 1,867 points. He was inducted into the schools hall of fame in 1998.
Playing career
Shouse joined the Ármann of the Icelandic second-tier Division I in 1979. He first played during the Reykjavík basketball tournament, where he scored 64 and 70 points in his first two games.
On December 1, 1979, Shouse scored 100 points for Ármann in a Division I game against Skallagrímur, setting the Icelandic single game scoring record. In January 1980 he scored 76 points in an overtime loss against Grindavík and in February he broke the 70 point barrier again, scoring 72 points against Þór Akureyri. In 10 games, he scored 648 points for an average of 64.8 points per game. His scoring prowess helped Ármann win Division I and achieve promotion to the Úrvalsdeild. Even though Shouse played in the nations tier 2 league during his first season, he was widely regarded as one of the best players in the country and finished third in the vote for Foreign Player of the Year.
After the season, Shouse signed with Úrvalsdeild club Njarðvík and helped them win two Icelandic championships, in 1981 and 1982. He led the Úrvalsdeild in scoring both years and was named the 1981 Úrvalsdeild Foreign Player of the Year.
Coaching career
Shouse was a player-coach for Njarðvík during the 1980-1981 season, leading them to a 17-3 record and the national championship.
He coached Njarðvík's women's team during the 1981-1982 Úrvalsdeild kvenna season.
Personal life
Shouse was raised in a home with 13 siblings. Two of his brothers also played in the Úrvalsdeild karla. Darrell Shouse played for Fram Reykjavík during the later half of the 1979-1980 season, averaging 21.3 points per game, and Douglas Shouse played the first half of the 1990-1991 season, averaging 27.9 points and 7.6 rebounds. His son, Derek Daniel Shouse, played for Körfuknattleiksfélag ÍA in the Icelandic Division I from 2016 to 2017.
See also
List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game
References
External links
Úrvalsdeild statistics
1958 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Iceland
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Indiana
Basketball players from Indiana
Guards (basketball)
Njarðvík men's basketball coaches
Njarðvík men's basketball players
Njarðvík women's basketball coaches
Peru State Bobcats men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Terre Haute, Indiana
Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball) coaches
Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball) players
Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball) coaches |
is a railway station operated by Nagoya Railroad located in Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. This station is unmanned.
Lines
Nagoya Railroad
Nagoya Main Line
Inuyama Line
Layout
The station has two side platforms serving two tracks.
Platforms
Adjacent stations
References
External links
Station guide
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1912
Stations of Nagoya Railroad
Railway stations in Aichi Prefecture |
Zărneşti may refer to several places in Romania:
Zărnești, a town in Braşov County
Zărnești, a commune in Buzău County
Zărnești, a village in Mălureni Commune, Argeș County
Zărnești, a village in Jorăști Commune, Galați County
Zărnești, a village in Lăpușata Commune, Vâlcea County
and to:
Zîrneşti, a commune in Cahul district, Moldova |
Kampanerang Kuba (International title: Enchanting Fatima / Transl. Hunchbacked Lady Bell-ringer) is a Philippine musical fantasy drama television series broadcast by ABS-CBN. It aired from June 6 to December 16, 2005. It was inspired by the 1973 film of the same name, which starred Vilma Santos and Edgar Mortiz. It was tagged as Pinoy Disney. It was originally based from a comic book series written by Pablo S. Gomez.
Directed by Wenn V. Deramas and Andoy Ranay, it stars Anne Curtis, Christian Bautista, Jean Garcia, Eula Valdez, Luis Manzano, Patrick Garcia, Jodi Sta. Maria, Desiree del Valle, and Jomari Yllana.
Story
Background
Lucia and Lourdes Saavedra are half-sisters. Lucia has fallen in love with Antonio (a poor man of whom her father disapproves), while Lourdes falls in love with Martin. She is unaware that he is Prinsipe Abuk, who has betrayed his people to be human instead of a kuba and who has fallen for Lucia. Lucia marries Antonio; she later believes he was killed from a beating her father engineered. Her maid (and friend) Jacinta told her he was dead to one day win his love. Lucia was also told that her baby daughter was stillborn (although she is sure she heard her cry before she lost consciousness). Lourdes gives birth the same night, delivering a baby girl whom she saw was a kuba before she passed out. Martin switches his baby with Lucia's, leaving his own baby at a church.
The kampanera
The young kuba is named Imang, and grows up to be the kampanera (the person who rings the church bell). She later becomes the nursemaid of Lourdes, and bonds with her immediately. Lourdes' "daughter" Veronica is jealous and finds comfort with her Aunt Lucia, who has returned home after beginning a new life with her American husband and stepson Luke. Lucia doubts Veronica is her daughter since she has never felt a motherly bond with her. Lourdes is jealous of Lucia's closeness to Martin.
The nuns try to help Imang, and bring her back to life after Martin wrongly convinced people she was evil and deserved to be stoned for stealing a sacred crown from the church, with the help of Veronica (who wanted to be with Luke due to her jealously of Imang with him). They later found a candle that, when lit, would make her human. She used this to pretend to be Lucia's long-lost daughter Bernadette to remain close to her mother Lourdes (who, after Imang's "death", was finally told by the nuns that Imang was really her daughter).
Meanwhile, Veronica is angry that Luke has not returned her love and loves Bernadette instead. She uses magic to change her appearance, and adopts the name Agatha to gain her family's trust and avenge Bernadette. Pablo has fallen for Bernadette (although he would always make fun of her as Imang), and the truth about his parentage is raised. Lorenzo loved Imang when she was a kuba. After Lucia's husband Clark dies, she discovers that Antonio did not die; he has lost the use of his legs and believes she betrayed him (when, instead, her father was to blame). She and Antonio discover that Veronica is actually their daughter.
Conclusion
In the end, everybody finds out whose daughter belongs to whom. Bernadette/Imang does not need the candle to remain human. Veronica is turned into a tree for her many misdeeds, and her parents rekindle their marriage while they care for her. Martin is a kuba, and Lourdes still loves him now that he is good. Luke sacrificed his life for Imang/Bernadette; Bernadette chooses to be with Pablo, while Lorenzo finds another who looks like her.
Pre-production
It was first rumored that Claudine Barretto then Jodi Sta. Maria will get the title role for "Fatima", often referred to as "Imang", but ABS-CBN picked Anne Curtis instead, shortly after she transferred from GMA Network. On the other hand, Jodi got the role of Veronica. This was a reunion between Eula Valdez and Jean Garcia after their successful show Pangako Sa 'Yo, which ran from 2000 up to 2002, when they played rivals Amor and Claudia. In Kuba they played as sisters. Ten years later, Eula Valdez, Jean Garcia and Jomari Yllana reunited together in The Half Sisters aired on GMA Network. Jodi left the role, due to pregnancy and was replaced by Desiree Del Valle. This is Patrick Garcia's last show, before moving to GMA Network. Like Eula and Jean, this was also the reunion of Jodi and Patrick after the successful of Pangako Sa 'Yo, Tabing Ilog and Darating ang Umaga.
The series also marked the acting debuts of Luis Manzano and Christian Bautista.
Pablo S. Gomez wrote the script for the series, who also works in another soap opera – Mga Anghel Na Walang Langit.
Cast and characters
Main cast
Anne Curtis as Fatima "Imang" de Vera-Bartolome/ Bernadette de Vera, derived from Our Lady of Fatima and St. Bernadette.
Patrick Garcia as Luke Tennyson, derived from St. Luke.
Luis Manzano as Pablo Bartolome, derived from St. Paul.
Christian Bautista as Lorenzo, derived from St. Lorenzo Ruiz.
Supporting cast
Eula Valdez as Lourdes Saavedra-de Vera, derived from Our Lady of Lourdes.
Jean Garcia as Lucia Saavedra-Tennyson, derived from Lucia dos Santos, who experienced an apparition of the Virgin Mary.
Jomari Yllana as Martin de Vera/Prinsepe Abuk, derived from Saint Martin of Tours.
Jodi Sta. Maria / Desiree del Valle as Veronica Saavedra/ Agatha, derived from Saint Veronica and Saint Agatha of Sicily.
Mark Bautista as Repusakach (super chaka)
Edgar Mortiz as Agaton
Cherry Pie Picache as Jacinta
Eugene Domingo as Sister Clara, derived from St. Clare of Assisi.
Jaime Fabregas as Francisco Saavedra
Yul Servo as Antonio Bartolome, derived from St. Anthony the Great.
Marissa Delgado as Lola Mangkukulam
Meryll Soriano as Sister Cecilia, derived from St. Cecilia
Malou de Guzman as Sister Marcelina
Marco Alcaraz as Gabriel, derived from Archangel Gabriel.
Matt Hadfield as Clark Tennyson
Allan Paule as Solomon Durano
Arlene Muhlach as Teresing
DJ Durano as Angel
Chokoleit as Otlum
Jojit Lorenzo as Sikarma
Frances Makil-Ignacio as Sarah Durano
Cacai Bautista as Matilda Durano
Cheena Crab as Magdalena Durano
Rommel Chika as Maluk
Guest cast
Issa Pressman as the young Imang de Vera
Joshua Cadelina as the young Lorenzo
Frederick Schnell as the young Luke
Isay Alvarez as Ms Ybrahim
Carlos Morales as Mr. Ybrahim
Production and crew
Directed by: Wenn V. Deramas, Andoy L. Ranay
Assistant Director: Raymond Ocampo, Roderick Lindayag
See also
Fantaserye
List of ABS-CBN drama series
List of programs aired by ABS-CBN
References
External links
2005 Philippine television series debuts
2005 Philippine television series endings
ABS-CBN drama series
Fantaserye and telefantasya
Philippine musical television series
Television shows based on comics
Television series by Star Creatives
Filipino-language television shows
Television shows set in the Philippines |
Ocnophilella is a monotypic moth genus belonging to the family Tineidae described by Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher in 1940. Its only species, Ocnophilella autocrypta, described by Edward Meyrick in 1926, was found in Western Cape, South Africa.
References
Endemic moths of South Africa
Tineidae
Monotypic moth genera
Tineidae genera |
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