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Honjok () is a South Korean term for people who willingly undertake activities alone. The term was popularized in 2017 when South Korea saw an increase in the number of people eating, drinking, traveling, and doing other activities alone. The honjok lifestyle is considered a "significant shift" away from South Korea's traditionally group-oriented society.
Definition
Honjok is a new term that has gradually increased in usage since 2010 when the number of one-person households began to grow. It refers to a person who engages in solo activity such as eating, enjoying leisure activities, shopping, or taking trips alone, etc. It is a different concept from the 'cocoon group' of living alone.
Honjok can be divided into hon-bap, hon-sul and hon-nol. Hon-bap is the act of eating alone. For example, if one enjoys eating rice alone without being conscious of the gaze of others, and feels satisfaction from seeking out and dining alone in a restaurant, it is called hon-bap. Hon-nol refers to people who do not feel alone in the traditional sense of being lonely, and enjoy their own time and space for play and leisure activities. Hon-sul means the act of drinking alone in a bar without being conscious of the gaze of others.
Popularity
Hon-bap
Growing interest in hon-bap culture is causing an increase in the number of restaurants targeted at people enjoying it. As it became popular, the level of hon-bap was divided into six levels:
Level 1: Convenience store; Level 2: student restaurant or cafeteria; Level 3: fast food restaurant; Level 4: normal restaurant; Level 5: family restaurant; and Level 6: bar or BBQ restaurant.
According to statistical data researched by Embrain 엠브레인, the reasons that people enjoy hon-bap include: scheduled in another area with nobody available (36.8%), having no time to eat with other people (35.6%); feeling comfortable eating alone (23.8%).
Hon-nol
There are many different types of hon-nol. There is a coin karaoke room designed for one person to sing or watch movies alone. The coin karaoke room is a place where people can freely sing songs without paying attention to other people. As the number of single-person households grows, the proportion of coin karaoke rooms established in 2016 has grown by 70%. Another type of hon-nol is watching movies alone. People can choose a good spot by themselves and eat snacks according to their own tastes. According to statistics, the reason people watch movies alone is because watching with others is a cumbersome and complicated process (48.2%), watching immersive movies (49%), and willingness to watch movies alone (38.8%).
Hon-sul
Statistics researched by Korea Food and Drug Administration show the following places are preferred when engaging in hon-sul: at home (85.2%), in a pub (7.2%), and in a restaurant (5.2%). Other reasons individuals enjoy hon-sul are: drinking comfortably (62.6%), and to relieve stress (17.6%). Other reasons were temporal reasons or trends. The frequency of people's willingness to experience hon-sul once or twice per month was 47.8%. This was followed by one or twice a week at 30.4%, and three to four times a month at 10.1%. 8.4% enjoyed hon-sul between three and four times a week. Those who drank daily were 3.2%.
Causes
Social causes
Ennui in human relations
The number of young people who give up their relationships due to increasing competition, difficulty in finding jobs, and living difficulties is increasing. These young people are reluctant to try to maintain unnecessary human relationships and do not feel the need for new ones. They try to avoid meetings which involve many people. They also do not think they need to maintain human relationships because of stress.
According to a survey which researched the perceptions and realities of human relationships of students in their 20s, 50.1% of the students answered: "I have avoided meeting intentionally with people I did not know or did not like at first", while 41.7% answered: "I feel anxiety when the conversation is interrupted." They say that it is better to be alone than to maintain relationships with people. In 2010, the word hon-sul was said only 14 times, but in 2016, it soared to 27,778 occasions. The word hon-bap was also said to be a mere six times in 2010, but it was mentioned more than 6,000 times in 2016. As can be seen with these data, hon-sul, hon-bap, and hon-nol usage increased dramatically.
Increase of one-person households
A one-person household means that they solve every issue in their own lives on their own. According to the National Statistical Office, the number of one-person households accounted for only nine percent of households in 1990, but reached 24% in 2010. It will reach 30% by 2020. This is because the traditional family relationship is rapidly breaking apart as the ageing population grows and the birth rate shrinks. The proportion of one-person households is increasing as the population ages. In 2015, the proportion of one-person households whose head of the family was younger than 39 years old was the highest at 36.9%; the second highest was from 40 to 59 years old with 33.2%; and last was those who were over 60 years old, which was more than 30%. However, for 2045, one-person households of those above 60 years of age are expected to increase by 54%. Six out of ten college students showed no reluctance to live alone in their daily lives. There were also many people who preferred a one-person household.
Cultural causes
A change of perception
According to Korean social trends in 2015 released by the Korea National Statistical Office (NSO), about 56.8% of Koreans over 15 years of age prefer to enjoy their leisure time alone. Only 8.3% of respondents said they spent their leisure time with friends. Usually, there is a prejudice with hon-nol that there is "no friend to play with", but arguably these statistics show that people who have a lot of friends also enjoy hon-nol. It is better for them to do what they like rather than endure stressful situations when coordinating plans with their friends. People's perception is also a cause for this trend. Over time, people may not think that hon-nol is poor social behavior. When people in their 20s were asked if they experienced discomfort with respect to working alone, 74.7% said "no". Thus almost three-quarters of people in their 20s do not mind doing activities alone.
Media
As the number of people participating in honjok increases, broadcasters have responded by featuring it in various entertainment and drama productions. Examples include '나혼자산다', '미운우리새끼' and '혼술남녀'. While drawing upon the daily lives of entertainers, they also like depicting the lives of ordinary people, creating a popular consensus among ordinary people. In the case of '나혼자산다' and '미운우리새끼', the actors appear to be discouraged and feel depressively unimportant; it is all about showing off the lives of celebrities who live alone. In the case of the drama '혼술남녀', the actors show mixed emotions when they try to solve their troubles. In the drama, the main characters grew in popularity with viewers, enjoying the beer they bought at a convenience store or dining at a mix of luxury restaurants.
Whether it is voluntary or involuntary, they have been surrounded by loneliness and compassion in the drama. However, the past negative perception of living alone like bullying and outsiders has gradually transformed into free and rational. Therefore, programmes targeting "one-person households" and honjok are expected to increase further.
Effects
Solo economy
One of the most significant changes in households is consumer culture and the emergence of a solo economy. The biggest characteristic of a solo economy is the hefty purchasing power. According to the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) survey of 500 households nationwide, households with one to one and three-quarter members accounted for a total of 32.9%, which is twice as high as 17.2% of households with three to four members.
The amount of disposable household income per household is 805,000 won (₩) per solo household, compared to ₩ 735,000 won for households with three to four members. Disposable income means income that can be freely used for consumption and saving of income. Accordingly, experts predict that the income of one-person households will grow close to around ₩200 trillion by 2030.
The Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade estimates that the size of household spending will increase from ₩60 trillion in 2010 to ₩120 trillion in 2020. According to the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the keyword for one-person households can be referred to as 'S-O-L-O'. An item to increase expenditure on one or higher is as follows.
1. Self-oriented consumption for self. Families spend less time alone and spend less money on hobbies and personal grooming.
2. Online consumption. Since the one-person household consumers usually have a propensity to purchase heavy, bulky, high-frequency goods online, shopping malls offer regular delivery of goods. This includes regular deliveries of items such as bottled water using a regular delivery supplying it to one person in 24 hours.
3. Low-priced consumption. This is a characteristic of one-person households that prefer an inexpensive price range while purchasing in a discount period.
4. Convenience-oriented consumption. Based on the propensity to use less furniture, convenience stores continue to grow in popularity and the food industry is producing more home snacks aimed at one-person households.
HMR markets are also fierce. The abbreviation of HMR stands for Home Meal Replacement. Specifically, it is a cooked food sold outside of the home that can be substituted for a home meal. There are four types of HMR: RTP (Ready To Prepare) Food ingredients can be cooked conveniently; RTC (Ready To Cook) Simple food that can be eaten quickly after cooking; RTH (Ready to Heat) Food that can be cooked directly by means of a microwave or similar small appliance; and RTE (Ready to Eat) Food that can be eaten immediately after the packaging is removed.
The National Statistical Office estimates 65.6 million household units in 2025, and 762 million units in 2035, and will continue to grow. The proportion of female economic activities and the proportion of working households will also increase, thus increasing the proportion of HMR. In the past, there were many images of instant food and spicy foods, including Hyega lunchboxes, Baekjongwon lunches, etc. Due to convenient packaging and short cooking times, one-person households and consumer trends, the outlook for HMR markets is considered bright.
Companies' customized strategies
The one-person households have shifted from high-capacity to small-powered and small-power centers to major commercial products and sales strategies. The Big Mart re-configures the criteria for "1 serving" by collecting recommendations from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and cooking expert opinions. In other words, as the number of single-person households grows, hon-bap and hon-sul are established as universal cultures, and in the food and beverage industry, there is a tendency to reduce the size of products and sell them in small packages. It aims to reduce the size and capacity of larger family sizes and family sizes to accommodate smaller family sizes.
The market for marketing and commodity development aimed at one-person households is also the food and restaurant market, which accounts for most of the consumer spending. Products that are suitable for eating alone are being released, and products with moderate amounts of food are available for as many as two to three servings. Furthermore, the latest products are being released in terms of the quality and quantity of the products.
For example, Orion Confectionery is focusing on the resizing strategy of the food and beverage industry, which is adjusting the individual shape of existing hit products to "bite size" or introducing a new quantity of food that an individual can eat. After 35 years, Orion Confectionery has released the "Doctor Yuda Zemini", a smaller version of Dada. Orion Confectionery's popular pie products, 'Choco Pie Chung', 'Choco Pie Deli Banana', and 'Fresh Berry' convenience packages have also gained in popularity. Convenience store exclusive package products consist of good quantities to eat at once and can be enjoyed on the commute as a morning breakfast or in the afternoon as a snack. Binggrae introduced "Together signature", a premium small-sized cup product, 42 years after Together launched the product last year, and recently released 'Together signature cream cheese' with a premium cream cheese brand 'kiri' in France.
In addition to reducing the capacity by one-eighth compared to conventional products, it also features a dessert concept for one-person households by enhancing raw materials and emphasizing good taste.
The hotel industry is also fiercely marketing to single individuals. The bakery shop in the Westin Chosun Hotel, Seoul, was constructed to serve individuals. Normally, a single bakery sells a small piece of a traditional product. They perceive the psychology of honjok where individual like to enjoy themselves alone. There are also hotels that launch room packages for the Honjok. It is a product that is priced at more reasonable prices than conventional room packages so that one can concentrate on a perfect rest. It also operates the homme style packages for men. Standard room, one night rooms, one all-water buffet, and one sauna are included.
In the consumer electronics market, one-person household products are becoming popular. Honjok usually live in one room so it is preferable in a small space to have equipment of a convenient size. Compared to the average household, the cost of washing clothes is burdensome for the relatively small amount of laundry. Also, the smell of the clothes spread through the laundry. LG Electronics introduced a mini drum washing machine that is useful for cleaning small amounts of laundry, such as underwear and socks. In particular, the mini drum washing machine is gaining popularity with people who live alone because it can wash and dry in 17 minutes.
As the recent trend of single-person households spreads, there is a tendency to increase the development of products aimed at single-person households in many areas.
Trend
According to the NSO, the number of one-person households in the country has continued to increase since 2017. It predicts the number of one-person households in the nation will be the highest in the country with a total of 36.3% of the total.
In 2018, Korea trend published by the Korea Economic Daily, honjok culture continues to increase and evolve. It also shows that the importance of using the term 'one-person system' beyond the one-person household increases. Honjok is expected to grow because it is combined with the growth of the 'solo economy' and the trends that people who are called 'YOLO' are boldly consuming their interests.
According to the survey of Embrain 엠브레인, the ratio of people who went to coffee shops alone, which was 14% in 2009, increased to 30% this year. Seven out of ten people have experienced hon-bap. Also, 74% of respondents said they were willing to use hon-bap restaurants.
Footnotes
South Korean culture |
The Gainesville Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of one county – Hall – in the state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 179,684 (though a July 1, 2016 estimate placed the population at 196,637).
The Gainesville Metropolitan Statistical Area is also part of the larger Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Gainesville, Georgia Combined Statistical Area.
Counties
Hall
Communities
Cities
City of Buford (partial)
City of Flowery Branch
City of Gainesville (Principal city)
City of Gillsville (partial)
City of Lula (partial)
City of Oakwood
Towns
Town of Braselton (partial)
Town of Clermont
Town of Rest Haven (partial)
See also
Georgia census statistical areas
References
Metropolitan areas of Georgia (U.S. state)
Geography of Hall County, Georgia |
Knutte Wester (born 1977) is a contemporary artist and filmmaker from Sweden.
From 1998 to 2003, Wester received an art education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Umeå and in 2000 at Wits University in Johannesburg.
Wester's breakthrough came with the work Guldgatan 8. Knutte Wester's film A Bastard Child premiered at IDFA in November 2016.
References
1977 births
Living people
Swedish contemporary artists
Swedish documentary filmmakers
Umeå University alumni |
Joan Miró i Ferrà ( , , ; 20 April 1893 – 25 December 1983) was a Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramicist born in Barcelona. Professionally, he was simply known as Joan Miró. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundació Joan Miró, was established in his native city of Barcelona in 1975, and another, the Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró, was established in his adoptive city of Palma in 1981.
Earning international acclaim, his work has been interpreted as Surrealism but with a personal style, sometimes also veering into Fauvism and Expressionism. He was notable for his interest in the unconscious or the subconscious mind, reflected in his re-creation of the childlike. His difficult-to-classify works also had a manifestation of Catalan pride. In numerous interviews dating from the 1930s onwards, Miró expressed contempt for conventional painting methods as a way of supporting bourgeois society, and declared an "assassination of painting" in favour of upsetting the visual elements of established painting.
Biography
Born into a family of a goldsmith and a watchmaker, Miró grew up in the Barri Gòtic neighborhood of Barcelona. The Miró surname indicates some possible Jewish roots (in terms of marrano or converso Iberian Jews who converted to Christianity). His father was Miquel Miró Adzerias and his mother was Dolores Ferrà. He began drawing classes at the age of seven at a private school at Carrer del Regomir 13, a medieval mansion. To the dismay of his father, he enrolled at the fine art academy at La Llotja in 1907. He studied at the Cercle Artístic de Sant Lluc and he had his first solo show in 1918 at the Galeries Dalmau, where his work was ridiculed and defaced. Inspired by Fauve and Cubist exhibitions in Barcelona and abroad, Miró was drawn towards the arts community that was gathering in Montparnasse and in 1920 moved to Paris, but continued to spend his summers in Catalonia.
Career
Miró initially went to business school as well as art school. He began his working career as a clerk when he was a teenager, although he abandoned the business world completely for art after suffering a nervous breakdown. His early art, like that of the similarly influenced Fauves and Cubists, was inspired by Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cézanne. The resemblance of Miró's work to that of the intermediate generation of the avant-garde has led scholars to dub this period his Catalan Fauvist period.
A few years after Miró's 1918 Barcelona solo exhibition, he settled in Paris where he finished a number of paintings that he had begun on his parents' summer home and farm in Mont-roig del Camp. One such painting, The Farm, showed a transition to a more individual style of painting and certain nationalistic qualities. Ernest Hemingway, who later purchased the piece, described it by saying, "It has in it all that you feel about Spain when you are there and all that you feel when you are away and cannot go there. No one else has been able to paint these two very opposing things." Miró annually returned to Mont-roig and developed a symbolism and nationalism that would stick with him throughout his career. Two of Miró's first works classified as Surrealist, Catalan Landscape (The Hunter) and The Tilled Field, employ the symbolic language that was to dominate the art of the next decade.
Josep Dalmau arranged Miró's first Parisian solo exhibition, at Galerie la Licorne in 1921.
In 1924, Miró joined the Surrealist group. The already symbolic and poetic nature of Miró's work, as well as the dualities and contradictions inherent to it, fit well within the context of dream-like automatism espoused by the group. Much of Miró's work lost the cluttered chaotic lack of focus that had defined his work thus far, and he experimented with collage and the process of painting within his work so as to reject the framing that traditional painting provided. This antagonistic attitude towards painting manifested itself when Miró referred to his work in 1924 ambiguously as "x" in a letter to poet friend Michel Leiris. The paintings that came out of this period were eventually dubbed Miró's dream paintings.
Miró did not completely abandon subject matter, though. Despite the Surrealist automatic techniques that he employed extensively in the 1920s, sketches show that his work was often the result of a methodical process. Miró's work rarely dipped into non-objectivity, maintaining a symbolic, schematic language. This was perhaps most prominent in the repeated Head of a Catalan Peasant series of 1924 to 1925. In 1926, he collaborated with Max Ernst on designs for ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev.
Miró returned to a more representational form of painting with The Dutch Interiors of 1928. Crafted after works by Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh and Jan Steen seen as postcard reproductions, the paintings reveal the influence of a trip to Holland taken by the artist. These paintings share more in common with Tilled Field or Harlequin's Carnival than with the minimalistic dream paintings produced a few years earlier.
Miró married Pilar Juncosa in Palma (Majorca) on 12 October 1929. Their daughter, María Dolores Miró, was born on 17 July 1930. In 1931, Pierre Matisse opened an art gallery in New York City. The Pierre Matisse Gallery (which existed until Matisse's death in 1989) became an influential part of the Modern art movement in America. From the outset Matisse represented Joan Miró and introduced his work to the United States market by frequently exhibiting Miró's work in New York.
In 1932 he created a scenic design for Massine's ballet at Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo.
Until the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Miró habitually returned to Spain in the summers. Once the war began, he was unable to return home. Unlike many of his surrealist contemporaries, Miró had previously preferred to stay away from explicitly political commentary in his work. Though a sense of (Catalan) nationalism pervaded his earliest surreal landscapes and Head of a Catalan Peasant, it was not until Spain's Republican government commissioned him to paint the mural The Reaper, for the Spanish Republican Pavilion at the 1937 Paris Exhibition, that Miró's work took on a politically charged meaning.
In 1939, with Germany's invasion of France looming, Miró relocated to Varengeville in Normandy, and on 20 May of the following year, as Germans invaded Paris, he narrowly fled to Spain (now controlled by Francisco Franco) for the duration of the Vichy Regime's rule. In Varengeville, Palma, and Mont-roig, between 1940 and 1941, Miró created the twenty-three gouache series Constellations. Revolving around celestial symbolism, Constellations earned the artist praise from André Breton, who seventeen years later wrote a series of poems, named after and inspired by Miró's series. Features of this work revealed a shifting focus to the subjects of women, birds, and the moon, which would dominate his iconography for much of the rest of his career.
Shuzo Takiguchi published the first monograph on Miró in 1940. In 1948–49 Miró lived in Barcelona and made frequent visits to Paris to work on printing techniques at the Mourlot Studios and the Atelier Lacourière. He developed a close relationship with Fernand Mourlot and that resulted in the production of over one thousand different lithographic editions.
In 1959, André Breton asked Miró to represent Spain in The Homage to Surrealism exhibition alongside Enrique Tábara, Salvador Dalí, and Eugenio Granell. Miró created a series of sculptures and ceramics for the garden of the Maeght Foundation in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France, which was completed in 1964.
In 1974, Miró created a tapestry for the World Trade Center in New York City together with the Catalan artist Josep Royo. He had initially refused to do a tapestry, then he learned the craft from Royo and the two artists produced several works together. His World Trade Center Tapestry was displayed at the building and was one of the most expensive works of art lost during the September 11 attacks.
In 1977, Miró and Royo finished a tapestry to be exhibited in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC.
In 1981, Miró's The Sun, the Moon and One Star—later renamed Miró's Chicago—was unveiled. This large, mixed media sculpture is situated outdoors in the downtown Loop area of Chicago, across the street from another large public sculpture, the Chicago Picasso. Miró had created a bronze model of The Sun, the Moon and One Star in 1967. The maquette now resides in the Milwaukee Art Museum.
Late life and death
In 1979 Miró received a doctorate honoris causa from the University of Barcelona. The artist, who suffered from heart failure, died in his home in Palma (Majorca) on 25 December 1983 at age 90. He was later interred in the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona.
Mental health
It has been established through the analysis of personal texts written by Joan Miró that he has experienced multiple episodes of depression throughout his life. He experienced his first depression when he was 18 in 1911. Much of the literature refers to this as if it was a small setback in his life, while it appeared to be much more than that. Miró himself stated: I was demoralized and suffered from a serious depression. I fell really ill, and stayed three months in bed.
There is a clear connection between his mental health and his paintings, since he used painting as a way of dealing with his episodes of depression. It supposedly even made him more calm and his thoughts less dark. Joan Miró said that without painting he became very depressed, gloomy and I get 'black ideas', and I do not know what to do with myself.
The influence of his mental state is very well visible in his painting Carnival of the Harlequin. He tried to paint the chaos he experienced in his mind, the desperation of wanting to leave that chaos behind and the pain created because of that. Miró painted the symbol of the ladder here which is also visible in multiple other paintings after this painting. It is supposed to symbolize escaping.
The relation between creativity and mental illness is very well studied. Creative people have higher chances of suffering from a manic depressive illness or schizophrenia, as well as higher chance to transmit this genetically. Even though we know Miró suffered from episodic depression, it is uncertain whether he also experienced manic episodes, which is often referred to as bipolar disorder.
Works
Early fauvist
His early modernist works include Portrait of Vincent Nubiola (1917), Siurana (the path), Nord-Sud (1917) and Painting of Toledo. These works show the influence of Cézanne, and fill the canvas with a colorful surface and a more painterly treatment than the hard-edge style of most of his later works. In Nord-Sud, the literary newspaper of that name appears in the still life, a compositional device common in cubist compositions, but also a reference to the literary and avant-garde interests of the painter.
Magical realism
Starting in 1920, Miró developed a very precise style, picking out every element in isolation and detail and arranging them in deliberate composition. These works, including House with Palm Tree (1918), Nude with a Mirror (1919), Horse, Pipe and Red Flower (1920), and The Table – Still Life with Rabbit (1920), show the clear influence of Cubism, although in a restrained way, being applied to only a portion of the subject. For example, The Farmer's Wife (1922–23), is realistic, but some sections are stylized or deformed, such as the treatment of the woman's feet, which are enlarged and flattened.
The culmination of this style was The Farm (1921–22). The rural Catalan scene it depicts is augmented by an avant-garde French newspaper in the center, showing Miró sees this work transformed by the Modernist theories he had been exposed to in Paris. The concentration on each element as equally important was a key step towards generating a pictorial sign for each element. The background is rendered in flat or patterned in simple areas, highlighting the separation of figure and ground, which would become important in his mature style.
Miró made many attempts to promote this work, but his surrealist colleagues found it too realistic and apparently conventional, and so he soon turned to a more explicitly surrealist approach.
Early surrealism
In 1922, Miró explored abstracted, strongly coloured surrealism in at least one painting. From the summer of 1923 in Mont-roig, Miró began a key set of paintings where abstracted pictorial signs, rather than the realistic representations used in The Farm, are predominant. In The Tilled Field, Catalan Landscape (The Hunter) and Pastoral (1923–24), these flat shapes and lines (mostly black or strongly coloured) suggest the subjects, sometimes quite cryptically. For Catalan Landscape (The Hunter), Miró represents the hunter with a combination of signs: a triangle for the head, curved lines for the moustache, angular lines for the body. So encoded is this work that at a later time Miró provided a precise explanation of the signs used.
Surrealist pictorial language
Through the mid-1920s Miró developed the pictorial sign language which would be central throughout the rest of his career.
In Harlequin's Carnival (1924–25), there is a clear continuation of the line begun with The Tilled Field. But in subsequent works, such as The Happiness of Loving My Brunette (1925) and Painting (Fratellini) (1927), there are far fewer foreground figures, and those that remain are simplified.
Soon after Miró also began his Spanish Dancer series of works. These simple collages, were like a conceptual counterpoint to his paintings. In Spanish Dancer (1928) he combines a cork, a feather and a hatpin onto a blank sheet of paper.
Livres d'Artiste
Miró created over 250 illustrated books. These were known as "Livres d' Artiste." One such work was published in 1974, at the urging of the widow of the French poet Robert Desnos, titled Les pénalités de l'enfer ou les nouvelles Hébrides ("The Penalties of Hell or The New Hebrides"). It was a set of 25 lithographs, five in black, and the others in colors.
In 2006 the book was displayed in "Joan Miró, Illustrated Books" at the Vero Beach Museum of Art. One critic said it is "an especially powerful set, not only for the rich imagery but also for the story behind the book's creation. The lithographs are long, narrow verticals, and while they feature Miró's familiar shapes, there's an unusual emphasis on texture." The critic continued, "I was instantly attracted to these four prints, to an emotional lushness, that's in contrast with the cool surfaces of so much of Miró's work. Their poignancy is even greater, I think, when you read how they came to be. The artist met and became friends with Desnos, perhaps the most beloved and influential surrealist writer, in 1925, and before long, they made plans to collaborate on a livre d'artiste. Those plans were put on hold because of the Spanish Civil War and World War II. Desnos' bold criticism of the latter led to his imprisonment in Auschwitz, and he died at age 45 shortly after his release in 1945. Nearly three decades later, at the suggestion of Desnos' widow, Miró set out to illustrate the poet's manuscript. It was his first work in prose, which was written in Morocco in 1922 but remained unpublished until this posthumous collaboration."
Styles and development
In Paris, under the influence of poets and writers, he developed his unique style: organic forms and flattened picture planes drawn with a sharp line. Generally thought of as a Surrealist because of his interest in automatism and the use of sexual symbols (for example, ovoids with wavy lines emanating from them), Miró's style was influenced in varying degrees by Surrealism and Dada, yet he rejected membership in any artistic movement in the interwar European years. André Breton described him as "the most Surrealist of us all." Miró confessed to creating one of his most famous works, Harlequin's Carnival, under similar circumstances:
How did I think up my drawings and my ideas for painting? Well I'd come home to my Paris studio in Rue Blomet at night, I'd go to bed, and sometimes I hadn't any supper. I saw things, and I jotted them down in a notebook. I saw shapes on the ceiling...
Miró's surrealist origins evolved out of "repression" much like all Spanish surrealist and magic realist work, especially because of his Catalan ethnicity, which was subject to special persecution by the Franco regime. Also, Joan Miró was well aware of Haitian Voodoo art and Cuban Santería religion through his travels before going into exile. This led to his signature style of art making.
Experimental style
Joan Miró was among the first artists to develop automatic drawing as a way to undo previous established techniques in painting, and thus, with André Masson, represented the beginning of Surrealism as an art movement. However, Miró chose not to become an official member of the Surrealists to be free to experiment with other artistic styles without compromising his position within the group. He pursued his own interests in the art world, ranging from automatic drawing and surrealism, to expressionism, Lyrical Abstraction, and Color Field painting. Four-dimensional painting was a theoretical type of painting Miró proposed in which painting would transcend its two-dimensionality and even the three-dimensionality of sculpture.
Miró's oft-quoted interest in the assassination of painting is derived from a dislike of bourgeois art, which he believed was used as a way to promote propaganda and cultural identity among the wealthy. Specifically, Miró responded to Cubism in this way, which by the time of his quote had become an established art form in France. He is quoted as saying "I will break their guitar," referring to Picasso's paintings, with the intent to attack the popularity and appropriation of Picasso's art by politics.
The spectacle of the sky overwhelms me. I'm overwhelmed when I see, in an immense sky, the crescent of the moon, or the sun. There, in my pictures, tiny forms in huge empty spaces. Empty spaces, empty horizons, empty plains – everything which is bare has always greatly impressed me. —Joan Miró, 1958, quoted in Twentieth-Century Artists on Art
In an interview with biographer Walter Erben, Miró expressed his dislike for art critics, saying, they "are more concerned with being philosophers than anything else. They form a preconceived opinion, then they look at the work of art. Painting merely serves as a cloak in which to wrap their emaciated philosophical systems."
In the final decades of his life Miró accelerated his work in different media, producing hundreds of ceramics, including the Wall of the Moon and Wall of the Sun at the UNESCO building in Paris. He also made temporary window paintings (on glass) for an exhibit. In the last years of his life Miró wrote his most radical and least known ideas, exploring the possibilities of gas sculpture and four-dimensional painting.
Exhibitions
Throughout the 1960s, Miró was a featured artist in many salon shows assembled by the Maeght Foundation that also included works by Marc Chagall, Giacometti, Brach, Cesar, Ubac, and Tal-Coat.
The large retrospectives devoted to Miró in his old age in places like New York (1972), London (1972), Saint-Paul-de-Vence (1973) and Paris (1974) were a good indication of the international acclaim that had grown steadily over the previous half-century; further major retrospectives took place posthumously. Political changes in his native country led in 1978 to the first full exhibition of his painting and graphic work, at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid. In 1993, the year of the hundredth anniversary of his birth, several exhibitions were held, among which the most prominent were those held in the Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona, the Museum of Modern Art, New York, the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, and the Galerie Lelong, Paris. In 2011, another retrospective was mounted by the Tate Modern, London, and travelled to Fundació Joan Miró and the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.. Joan Miró, Printmaking, Fundación Joan Miró (2013). And two exhibitions in 2014, Miró: From Earth to Sky at Albertina Museum, and Masterpieces from the Kunsthaus Zürich, National Art Center, Tokyo.
Exhibitions entitled Joan Miró: Instinct & Imagination and "Miró: The Experience of Seeing" were held at the Denver Art Museum from 22 March – 28 June 2015 and at the McNay Art Museum from 30 September 2015 – 10 January 2016 (respectively), showing works made by Miró between 1963 and 1981, on loan from the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid.
In Spring 2019, the Museum of Modern Art, New York, launched Joan Miró: Birth of the World. Running until July 2019, the exhibit showcases 60 pieces of work from the inception of Miró's career, and including the influence of the World Wars. The exhibit features 60-foot canvasses as well as smaller 8-foot paintings, and the influences range from cubism to abstraction.
Legacy and influence
Miró has been a significant influence on late 20th-century art, in particular the American abstract expressionist artists that include: Motherwell, Calder, Gorky, Pollock, Matta and Rothko, while his lyrical abstractions and color field paintings were precursors of that style by artists such as Helen Frankenthaler, Olitski and Louis and others.
His work has also influenced modern designers, including Paul Rand and Lucienne Day, and influenced recent painters such as Julian Hatton.
One of Man Ray's 1930s photographs, Miró with Rope, depicts the painter with an arranged rope pinned to a wall, and was published in the single-issue surrealist work Minotaure.
In 2002, American percussionist/composer Bobby Previte released the album The 23 Constellations of Joan Miró on Tzadik Records. Inspired by Miró's Constellations series, Previte composed a series of short pieces (none longer than about 3 minutes) to parallel the small size of Miró's paintings. Privete's compositions for an ensemble of up to ten musicians was described by critics as "unconventionally light, ethereal, and dreamlike".
Recognition
In 1954 he was given the Venice Biennale print making prize, in 1958 the Guggenheim International Award.
In 1981, the Palma City Council (Majorca) established the Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró a Mallorca, housed in the four studios that Miró had donated for the purpose.
In October 2018, the Grand Palais in Paris opened the largest retrospective devoted to the artist until this date. The exhibition included nearly 150 works and was curated by Jean Louis Prat.
Art market
Today, Miró's paintings sell for between US$250,000 and US$26 million; US$17 million at a U.S. auction for the La Caresse des étoiles (1938) on 6 May 2008, at the time the highest amount paid for one of his works. In 2012, Painting-Poem ("le corps de ma brune puisque je l'aime comme ma chatte habillée en vert salade comme de la grêle c'est pareil") (1925) was sold at Christie's London for $26.6 million. Later that year at Sotheby's in London, Peinture (Etoile Bleue) (1927) brought nearly 23.6 million pounds with fees, more than twice what it had sold for at a Paris auction in 2007 and a record price for the artist at auction. On 21 June 2017, the work Femme et Oiseaux (1940), one of his Constellations, sold at Sotheby's London for 24,571,250 GBP.
Gallery
References
Further reading
Jacques Dupin, Joan Miró Life and Work, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., publisher, New York City, 1962, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-19132
Margit Rowell, Joan Miró: Selected Writing & Interviews, Da Capo Press Inc; New edition (1 August 1992)
Joan Miró and Robert Lubar (preface), Joan Miró: I Work Like a Gardener, Princeton Architectural Press, Hudson, NY, 2017. Reprint of 1964 limited edition.
Josep Massot Joan Miró. El niño que hablaba con los árboles Galaxia Gutenberg, Barcelona, Spain, 2018.
External links
Joan Miró works at the National Gallery of Art
Olga's Gallery: Joan Miró
Artcyclopedia Directory of online works
Algorithmic emulation of the most basic aspects of the works of Joan Miró using random numbers and Bézier functions
1893 births
1983 deaths
20th-century sculptors
20th-century Spanish painters
20th-century male artists
Spanish male painters
Abstract painters
Burials at Montjuïc Cemetery
Painters from Catalonia
Sculptors from Catalonia
Dada
French stamp designers
Modern painters
Painters from Barcelona
People of Montmartre
School of Paris
Spanish surrealist artists
Spanish people of Jewish descent
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy |
Hiten Dalal (born 25 September 1994) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Delhi in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 5 February 2018. He made his first-class debut for Delhi in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 12 November 2018. He was the leading run-scorer for Delhi in the tournament, with 376 runs in seven matches. He made his Twenty20 debut for Delhi in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 21 February 2019.
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Cricketers from Delhi
Delhi cricketers |
Alan Joseph Gordon Haworth (born September 1, 1960) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1980 and 1988. He is the son of Gordie Haworth and the brother of Carey Haworth.
Playing career
Selected in the 1979 NHL Entry Draft by the Buffalo Sabres, Haworth was traded to the Washington Capitals in 1982. After five seasons in Washington, he was dealt to the Quebec Nordiques in 1987 in the trade that brought Dale Hunter to the Capitals. After one season in Quebec, Haworth opted to play in Switzerland for four seasons, winning two Swiss championships with SC Bern, before retiring from active play. His NHL rights were traded to the Minnesota North Stars for the retired Guy Lafleur after the 1991 NHL Expansion Draft, though neither of them would play in the NHL again.
In 524 NHL games, he scored 189 goals and had 211 assists. As of 2015–16, Haworth is a scout for the Washington Capitals.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
Profile at HockeyDraftCentral.com
1960 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicoutimi Saguenéens (QMJHL) players
Sportspeople from Drummondville
Quebec Nordiques players
Rochester Americans players
SC Bern coaches
SC Bern players
Sherbrooke Castors players
Washington Capitals players
Washington Capitals scouts |
```c++
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <ATen/core/operator_name.h>
TEST(OperatorNameTest, SetNamespaceIfNotSetWithoutExistingNamespace) {
c10::OperatorName testName("operator", "operator.overload");
const auto result = testName.setNamespaceIfNotSet("ns");
EXPECT_TRUE(result);
EXPECT_EQ(testName.name, "ns::operator");
EXPECT_EQ(testName.overload_name, "operator.overload");
EXPECT_EQ(testName.getNamespace(), std::optional<c10::string_view>("ns"));
}
TEST(OperatorNameTest, SetNamespaceIfNotSetWithExistingNamespace) {
c10::OperatorName namespacedName("already_namespaced::operator", "operator.overload");
const auto result = namespacedName.setNamespaceIfNotSet("namespace");
EXPECT_FALSE(result);
EXPECT_EQ(namespacedName.name, "already_namespaced::operator");
EXPECT_EQ(namespacedName.overload_name, "operator.overload");
EXPECT_EQ(namespacedName.getNamespace(), std::optional<c10::string_view>("already_namespaced"));
}
``` |
Semri Harchand is a town located on SH 22 between Narmadapuram and Pipariya. This is the nearest city from madhai wildlife sanctuary which is world famous. The picnic point "Siddh baba " or "Siddh maharaj" is very popular between devotees of lord Shiva.Its Pincode is 461668. It comes in Narmadapuram district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Villages in Narmadapuram district |
The 1979 NFL season was the 60th regular season of the National Football League. The season ended with Super Bowl XIV when the Pittsburgh Steelers repeated as champions by defeating the Los Angeles Rams 31–19 at the Rose Bowl. The Steelers became the first team to win back-to-back Super Bowls twice.
Draft
The 1979 NFL Draft was held from May 3 to 4, 1979 at New York City's Waldorf Astoria New York. With the first pick, the Buffalo Bills selected linebacker Tom Cousineau from the Ohio State University.
New officials
Jerry Seeman was promoted to referee succeeding Don Wedge who returned to being a deep wing official, primarily as a back judge (now field judge), where he continued to officiate through 1995. Seeman served as a crew chief for 12 seasons, working Super Bowl XXIII and Super Bowl XXV before leaving the field to succeed Art McNally as NFL Vice President of Officiating from 1991 to 2001.
Major rule changes
Whenever the quarterback is sacked, the clock will be stopped for at least five seconds and then restarted again. (The stoppage was eliminated effective the 2014 NFL season.)
If a fair catch is made, or signaled and awarded to a team because of interference, on the last play of a half or overtime, the period can be extended and the team can run one play from scrimmage or attempt a fair catch kick.
The league's jersey numbering system was modified to allow defensive linemen wear numbers 90 to 99, in addition to 60 to 79. And centers were allowed to wear 60–79, in addition to 50 to 59.
Players are prohibited from wearing torn or altered equipment. Tear-away jerseys are banned.
During kickoffs, punts, and field goal attempts, players on the receiving team cannot block below the waist.
The zone in which crackback blocks are prohibited is extended from 3 yards on either side of the line of scrimmage to 5.
Players cannot use their helmets to butt, spear, or ram an opponent. Any player who uses the crown or the top of his helmet unnecessarily will be called for unnecessary roughness.
In order to prevent incidents such as the Holy Roller game, the following change is made: If an offensive player fumbles during a fourth down play, or during any down played after the two-minute warning in a half or overtime, only the fumbling player can recover and/or advance the ball. This change is known as the "Ken Stabler rule" after the Oakland Raiders quarterback who made the infamous play in the Holy Roller game. In officiating circles, it's known as the "Markbreit rule" after Jerry Markbreit, who was the referee for that game.
Uprights were extended to 30 feet above the crossbar.
Division Races
Starting in 1978, ten teams qualified for the playoffs: the winners of each of the divisions, and two wild-card teams in each conference.
National Football Conference
American Football Conference
Final standings
Tiebreakers
San Diego was the top AFC playoff seed based on head-to-head victory over Pittsburgh (1-0).
Seattle finished ahead of Oakland in the AFC West based on head-to-head sweep (2–0).
Dallas finished ahead of Philadelphia in the NFC East based on better conference record (10–2 to Philadelphia's 9–3).
Tampa Bay finished ahead of Chicago in the NFC Central based on better division record (6–2 to Chicago's 5–3).
Chicago was the second NFC Wild Card ahead of Washington based on better net points in all games (+57 to Washington's 53).
Playoffs
Statistical leaders
Team
Awards
Coaching changes
Offseason
Cincinnati Bengals: Homer Rice began his first full season as the team's head coach. He replaced Bill Johnson after the Bengals started the 1978 season at 0–5.
Oakland Raiders: John Madden retired and was replaced by Tom Flores.
New England Patriots: Ron Erhardt was named as permanent head coach. The team had suspended Chuck Fairbanks for the last regular season game in 1978. Fairbanks had been in talks all that season to join the University of Colorado Buffaloes, breaching his contract with the Patriots. Coordinators Erhardt and Hank Bullough took over as co-interim head coaches for that final 1978 game. Fairbanks was reinstated as head coach two weeks later for the Divisional Playoffs, but left in the off-season to join Colorado.
New York Giants: John McVay was fired and replaced by Ray Perkins.
San Diego Chargers: Don Coryell began his first full season as Chargers head coach. He replaced Tommy Prothro, who was fired after a 1–3 start in 1978.
San Francisco 49ers: Bill Walsh was hired as the new 49ers head coach. Pete McCulley was fired after a 1–8 start in 1978, and Fred O'Connor served as interim for the last seven games.
In-season
St. Louis Cardinals: Bud Wilkinson was fired after the team started the season at 3–10 for refusing to bench longtime starting quarterback Jim Hart in favor of Steve Pisarciewicz. Personnel director Larry Wilson, a Hall of Fame safety for the team from 1960-72 and later the franchise's general manager, served as interim for the last three games.
Uniform changes
Several changes were made to the officiating uniforms, including:
Referees were outfitted with black identifying hats, while all other officials continued to wear white hats. This was the same as the Canadian Football League at the time, but the opposite of American high school and college football.
For the first time, each official's position was identified on his shirt. The position was abbreviated on the front pocket of the shirt and then spelled out on the back above the number.
The numbering system for officials was altered, with officials numbered separately by position (3 through 20) rather than as an entire group, making duplicate numbers among officials common.
The TV numbers on the Dallas Cowboys' blue jerseys moved from the sleeves to the shoulders, matching the white jerseys, which moved the TV numbers to the shoulders in 1974.
The New York Giants began wearing their white pants with their white jerseys, discontinuing their blue pants
The Washington Redskins replaced their gold pants with burgundy pants with their white jerseys and white pants with their burgundy jerseys, in addition the sleeve and pant striping being altered. The shade of burgundy was also darkened.
The San Diego Chargers replaced the blue and white stripe on the yellow pants with a white lightning bolt outlined in blue.
Television
This was the second year under the league's four-year broadcast contracts with ABC, CBS, and NBC to televise Monday Night Football, the NFC package, and the AFC package, respectively.
Fran Tarkenton began serving as a fill-in color commentator for ABC, while Bryant Gumbel became the sole host of NBC's pregame show NFL '79.
Dick Enberg and Merlin Olsen replaced Curt Gowdy and John Brodie as NBC's lead commentary team. Rather than demote Gowdy, NBC traded him away to CBS for Don Criqui. With Pat Summerall and Tom Brookshier remaining as CBS' lead commentary team, and Vin Scully and George Allen as the #2 team, Gowdy was paired with Hank Stram as the network's #3 team.
Notes
References
NFL Record and Fact Book ()
NFL History 1971–1980 (Last accessed December 4, 2005)
Total Football: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League ()
National Football League seasons |
Alexei Petrovich Mayorov (; born 29 December 1961) is a Russian politician who is currently serving as a senator since 2011 and member of the People's Khural of Kalmykia since 2013.
He was previously a local politician and banker.
Biography
Mayorov was born on 29 December 1961 in Klimovsk, Moscow Oblast. In 1985, he graduated from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. In 1997, he also received a degree from the Kutafin Moscow State Law University.
From 1987 to 1991, he was the first secretary of the Podolsk branch of Komsomol.
Following the fall of communism, in 1991, he moved to the private sector. Until 1999, he worked in commercial banks in Moscow.
He was then appointed Head of the Primary Territorial Administration in the Directorate of the President of Russia. From March to July 2011, he was a Member of the Tsagan-Unskii rural municipal administration, before vacating his seat as a result of his appointment to the Federation Council by the People's Khural, the state legislature of the southern region of Kalmykia.
As a senator, he voted to ratify the 2022 treaty that effectively recognised the short-lived independence of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. The vote was one of the reasons cited for his sanctioning by the European Union, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Switzerland, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand.
While simultaneously being a senator, he also now serves in the People's Khural itself, to which he was elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2018.
References
Living people
1961 births
United Russia politicians
21st-century Russian politicians
People from Moscow Oblast
Members of the Federation Council of Russia (after 2000) |
HMC ML Q057 was a wooden Canadian-built Fairmile B Motor Launch (ML) upgunned submarine chaser delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) on 28 October 1941. Originally designed for the Royal Navy by W.J. Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.
Design
Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards. In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats. With a fuel capacity of 2,320 gallons of 87 octane gasoline, the early Fairmiles (Q050 to Q111) were powered by two 650 hp engines, could reach a top speed of 20 knots (max), 16.5 knots sea speed and a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots. Later versions (Q112 to Q129) were fitted with larger 700 hp engines able to achieve a top speed to 22 knots (max), with a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots. Crewed by two or three officers and fourteen sailors, accommodation on the Fairmiles was thought to be "cramped but comfortable".
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role. Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat. In two days, a Fairmile could have its weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch. "Armament consisted of three 20mm Oerlikon guns, mounted forward, aft and amidships; two .303 machine-guns; one 9mm Sten gun; two .303 rifles; three .45 revolvers; and 20 depth-charges of 300 Ibs each, including eight fitted for the "Y" gun. Each boat was equipped with sonar, radar and WIT."
The first thirty-six Canadian Fairmile B type were designated and painted up as CML 01-36 (Coastal Motor Launch).
Although listed as being built by Greavette Boats Ltd. of Gravenhurst, Ontario, Q057 along with Q055 which were subcontracted and commissioned at Sachau Marine Construction Limited at Humber Bay, Mimico.
Fairmile Flotillas
Affectionately known as The Little Ships, Little Fighting Ships or Q-Boats by their crews, during the Second World War the Fairmile B Motor Launches of the RCN played a vital role escorting shipping along the St. Lawrence River, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and between Newfoundland and the mainland of Canada. Regularly deployed in flotillas of six The Little Ships relieved larger escort craft urgently needed elsewhere by carrying out anti-submarine patrols, port defence and rescue duties. Based out of shore establishments on the St. Lawrence River, Halifax, Saint John, Shelburne, Sydney and on the West Coast; at sea the RCN Fairmile Fleets were accompanied by two "mother ships" HMCS Preserver (F94) and HMCS Provider (F100) providing fresh water, fuel and medical services.
Operational history
While she flew the White Ensign, ML Q057 was not a commissioned ship of the RCN, but was rather listed as a tender to escort depot ship HMCS Sambro. In December 1944, Q057 was listed as part of the RCN North-West Atlantic Command Gaspé Force (Administered by N.O. i/c., Gaspé), 71st Motor Launch Flotilla. She was sold in 1946 to Marine Industries Ltd. Sorel (MIL) and later sold to Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation, of Morris Heights, New York.
Gallery
See also
Coastal Forces of the Royal Canadian Navy
Canadian Fairmile B Motor Launch
Fairmile B Motor Launch
References
Royal Canadian Navy Fairmile B motor launch boats of World War II
1941 ships |
```javascript
/**
*
* You are hereby granted a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to
* use, copy, modify, and distribute this software in source code or binary
* form for use in connection with the web services and APIs provided by
* Facebook.
*
* As with any software that integrates with the Facebook platform, your use
* of this software is subject to the Facebook Developer Principles and
* Policies [path_to_url This copyright notice
* shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
* DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE
*/
'use strict';
module.exports = store => next => action =>
Array.isArray(action)
? action.map(next)
: next(action);
``` |
Mariana Victoria of Spain (; 31 March 1718 – 15 January 1781) was an Infanta of Spain by birth and was later the Queen of Portugal as wife of King Joseph I. She acted as regent of Portugal in 1776–1777, during the last months of her husband's life and as advisor to her daughter, Maria I of Portugal, in her reign.
Early life
Mariana Victoria was born at the Royal Alcazar of Madrid in Madrid and was given the same forenames as her paternal grandmother Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, wife of Le Grand Dauphin. She was an Infanta of Spain by birth and the eldest daughter of Philip V of Spain and his second wife Elisabeth Farnese. Her father was a grandson of Louis XIV and had inherited the Spanish throne in 1700. At the time of her birth, Mariana Victoria was fifth in line to the throne of Spain behind her half brothers Infante Louis, Prince of Asturias, Infante Ferdinand, Infante Pedro as well as her full brother Infante Charles. As an Infanta of Spain she had the style of Royal Highness.
Engagement to Louis XV
After the War of the Quadruple Alliance, France and Spain decided to reconcile by engaging the Infanta Mariana Victoria to her first cousin the young Louis XV of France. Organised by Philippe d'Orléans, Regent of France for the ten-year-old Louis XV, the match was part of a wider set of engagements which included the proposal of Philip V's eldest son Infante Louis, Prince of Asturias to Élisabeth d'Orléans, Mademoiselle de Montpensier followed by another proposal between Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans, Mademoiselle de Beaujolais to the young Infante Charles.
Saint-Simon, the French ambassador, requested her hand on 25 November 1721. The exchange of the young Infanta and Mademoiselle de Montpensier was on the Île des Faisans ("Isle of Pheasants") and was the site where their common ancestors, Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain had met in 1660. Mariana Victoria arrived in Paris on 2 March 1722 amongst much celebration and took up residence at the Palais du Louvre. The young Infanta was nicknamed the l'infante Reine ("Queen-Infanta") as the couple were not to be married until Mariana Victoria reached a more mature age. Mariana Victoria was in awe of Louis XV and was popular with the court apart from the king himself who avoided her presence.
According to the mother of the Régent, Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Mariana Victoria was the "sweetest and prettiest little thing" and had considerable wit for her age. Her education was placed in the care of Marie Anne de Bourbon, the legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and Louise de La Vallière, and Madame de Ventadour was appointed her governess. In February 1723, Louis XV reached his majority and thus governed the country by his own accord.
Her establishment in France was not to be. Under the influence of the Prime Minister Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon and his mistress Madame de Prie, the decision was made to send the seven-year-old Mariana Victoria back to Spain on 11 March 1725. Bourbon had wanted to maintain influence over the young Louis XV and offered his sister Henriette Louise de Bourbon as a potential wife who, unlike Mariana Victoria, was old enough to conceive. The situation was not helped by the Spanish rejection of Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans whose husband died having ruled as Louis I of Spain for only seven months. As their marriage had not been consummated, the Spanish refused to support her and ordered she return to France with her sister Philippine Élisabeth. Mariana Victoria left Versailles on 5 April 1725 and travelled to the frontier where she and the two Orléans daughters were then exchanged. Louis XV subsequently married Marie Leszczyńska in September 1725 and Mariana Victoria's sister the Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela married Louis XV's son in 1745 to reassure the insulted Spanish court.
Crown Princess of Portugal
Her arrival in Spain was taken as a great insult and caused a diplomatic rift between Spain and France. The offended Spanish soon after concluded a treaty with Austria in the form of the 1725 Treaty of Vienna, whilst England sought support from France. Having remained unmarried, she was still eligible to inherit the throne but was displaced by her younger brother Infante Philip who was born in 1720. Discussions with the Kingdom of Portugal began in 1727 and a marriage was negotiated by the Portuguese ambassador the Marquis of Abrantes. She was a rumored bride for Emperor Peter II of Russia, grandson of Peter the Great. Another double marriage was planned. Mariana Victoria would marry the Infante José, "Prince of Brazil", son and heir of João V of Portugal. Her older half brother Ferdinand, "Prince of Asturias" would marry José's sister the Infanta Bárbara. Mariana Victoria married the Prince of Brazil (traditional title for the Portuguese heir to the throne) on 19 January 1729 at Elvas in Portugal. The Prince of Asturias (traditional title for the Spanish heir to the throne) married the Infanta Bárbara the next day at Badajoz. From her marriage until the time of her husband's accession to the throne in 1750, she was styled Her Royal Highness the Princess of Brazil.
Mariana and Joseph would soon have a close relationship. The couple enjoyed hunting as well as music – Mariana Victoria was an accomplished singer – they patronized Italian opera singers and the theatre but were both passionately religious. Despite this, her husband maintained various mistresses much to the dislike of his strong-willed wife. During her marriage, Mariana Victoria gave birth to eight children, four of whom survived infancy. Her first child Infanta Maria was given the style Princess of Beira as the heir apparent to her father. Two of Mariana Victoria's daughters remained unmarried. Her daughter Infanta Mariana Francisca was a proposed bride for the Dauphin of France, son of Louis XV, but Mariana Victoria herself rejected the plan. When her other daughter Infanta Doroteia was proposed as a wife for the future Philippe Égalité Mariana Victoria again refused to the match. Her youngest daughter Infanta Benedita married José, Prince of Brazil, Mariana Victoria's grandson. The latter marriage was organised by Mariana Victoria herself after the death of her husband.
Queen and regent
At the death of her father-in-law, King John V in 1750, her husband became the ruler of the Portuguese Empire which had significant territories in South America. Her husband's reign was dominated by the influence of the Marquis of Pombal who was a favourite of the Queen mother. Joseph I soon left the governing of the state to Pombal who used his power to remove the influence of the church at the court as well as that of his enemies. Mariana Victoria and her daughter disliked the influence Pombal had over Joseph I. Her husband's reign was marred by the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake of 1 November 1755 which killed 100,000 people. The earthquake caused Joseph I to develop a severe case of claustrophobia and he was never again comfortable living within a walled building. Consequently, he moved the royal court to an extensive complex of tents in the hills of Ajuda. It was Pombal who organised the reconstruction of Lisbon in the aftermath of the earthquake.
In 1759, the Távora affair emerged after an assassination attempt on her husband failed and the powerful Távora family were, in the eyes of Pombal, completely responsible for the attack. Pombal later ordered the execution of all members of the noble family and it was only at the intervention of Mariana Victoria and her daughter, the Princess of Brazil, that some women and children were spared. As Pombal was de facto ruler of the state, Mariana Victoria and her husband took a less prominent role in politics.
Her husband, having suffered from a series of strokes, decided to allow his wife to take his place as head of government. As such, Mariana Victoria was created Regent of Portugal in her husband's name. Created Regent on 29 November 1776, she remained so until her husband's death on 24 February 1777. Upon her husband's death, their eldest daughter became the first queen regnant as Maria I. Throughout Maria I's reign Mariana Victoria exerted significant influence on her daughter, who would often ask her mother's advice on matters of state. In the early days of Maria I's reign, Pombal was exiled to the country.
Queen dowager
When her daughter had assumed government, Mariana Victoria took it upon herself to improve relations with her native Spain, which was ruled by her older brother Carlos III. The two countries had been in conflict regarding territorial possessions in the Americas. Leaving Portugal on 28 October 1777, Mariana Victoria travelled to Spain where she stayed for just over a year, residing both in Madrid and at Aranjuez. Mariana Victoria helped bring about a treaty between the two nations which was to be cemented by a double marriage between her grandchildren. These unions were between Charles III's son Infante Gabriel and Mariana Victoria's granddaughter the Infanta Mariana Vitória. The second marriage was between the Infanta Carlota, eldest granddaughter of Carlos III and Infante João. While in Spain, Mariana Victoria had had an attack of Rheumatism and was confined to a wheelchair for some time in August 1778. She returned to Portugal in November 1778. Her illness was furthered when it became clear that she was suffering from heart disease as well. The elderly Mariana Victoria died at the Real Barraca de Ajuda, a building which is where the present Ajuda National Palace is. She was buried at the Church of Saint Francis of Paola in Lisbon.
Legacy
She was the godmother of Marie Antoinette who was born a day after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake devastated Lisbon. Mariana Victoria has descendants ranging from the present King of Spain, King of Belgium, Grand Duke of Luxembourg pretending Duke of Parma and the French Count of Paris. In 1822, her great-grandson Pedro became the first emperor of Brazil.
Issue
Maria Francisca Isabel Rita Gertrudes Joana (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816), married her uncle Infante Peter of Portugal and had issue. Later Queen regnant of Portugal.
Maria Ana Francisca Dorotea Josefa Antonia Gertrudes Rita Joana Efigenia (7 October 1736 – 6 May 1813), potential bride for Louis, Dauphin of France, but her mother refused to consent to the marriage, died unmarried.
Stillborn daughter (February 1739).
Maria Francisca Doroteia Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana Efigénia de Braganca (21 September 1739 – 14 January 1771), potential bride for Philippe Égalité but she refused to marry him, died unmarried.
Stillborn son (7 March 1741).
Stillborn son (15 October 1742).
Stillborn son (May 1744).
Maria Francisca Benedita Ana Isabel Joana Antonia Lourença Inácia Teresa Gertrudes Rita Rosa (25 July 1746 – 18 August 1829) married her nephew Infante Joseph, Prince of Beira, no surviving issue.
Ancestors
References
Bibliography
Armstrong. Edward: Elisabeth Farnese: The Termagant of Spain, 1892
Myrl. Jackson-Laufer. Guida: Women rulers throughout the ages: an illustrated guide, ABC-CLIO, 1999,
Pevitt. Christine : The Man Who Would Be King: The Life of Philippe d'Orléans, Regent of France, Phoenix, London, 1997,
Roberts. Jennifer: The Madness of Queen Maria: The Remarkable Life of Maria I of Portugal; Templeton Press, London, 2009,
External links
|-
1718 births
1781 deaths
18th-century Spanish people
18th-century Portuguese people
18th-century Spanish women
18th-century Portuguese women
18th-century regents
18th-century women rulers
Female regents
House of Bourbon (Spain)
Queens consort of Portugal
People of the Regency of Philippe d'Orléans
Regents of Portugal
Nobility from Madrid
Spanish infantas
Portuguese infantas
Queen mothers
House of Braganza
Princesses of Brazil
Duchesses of Braganza
Burials at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora
Daughters of kings
Women who experienced pregnancy loss
Children of Philip V of Spain |
The Rio Pinar Golf & Country Club is a semi-private Golf club and Country Club located in Rio Pinar, Florida, a suburban subdivision of Orlando.
History
Established in 1957, the golf course was the original site of the Florida Citrus Open (now Arnold Palmer Invitational) on the PGA Tour from 1966 through 1978, Some of golf's greatest players like Arnold Palmer, Lee Trevino, and Julius Boros won at Rio.
When the tournament relocated to Bay Hill in 1979, Rio Pinar was the site of the LPGA Tour's Lady Citrus Open for four years (1979–1982).
The Mark Mahannah & Lloyd Clifton-designed golf course is just the beginning at Rio Pinar! The Champions Grill or Lounge is a perfect place to unwind after your game or a perfect get-together with friends.
The fine dining room is perfect for evening intimate dinners, or the majestic banquet facilities and meeting rooms are available for weddings, parties, corporate meetings or special events are here for you at Rio Pinar.
Rio Pinar's Golf Academy offers lessons to all levels of players while the full-length driving range can let golfers practice their way to greatness. Rio Pinar has four hard court tennis courts to add an additional recreation choice whether with a partner or in one of the leagues.
Tour winners
PGA Tour
Note: Green highlight indicates scoring records.
Sources:
LPGA Tour
References
External links
Golf clubs and courses in Greater Orlando
Golf in Orlando, Florida
Sports venues in Orange County, Florida
1957 establishments in Florida
Sports venues completed in 1957 |
777 Charlie is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language adventure drama film written and directed by Kiranraj K. and produced by Paramvah Studios. It stars Charlie, a labrador dog in the title role, and Rakshit Shetty alongside Sangeetha Sringeri, Raj B. Shetty, Danish Sait, Bobby Simha and Aniruddh Roy. The film follows the journey and bonding between a lonely factory worker and a stray labrador dog.
777 Charlie was announced in September 2017. Principal photography took place from June 2018 to October 2021, with delays due to COVID-19 pandemic. The film was shot in various locations across Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir. 777 Charlie had a limited theatrical release on 2 June 2022, and released in cinemas worldwide on 10 June 2022. The film received critical acclaim for its cast performances (particularly Rakshit Shetty and Charlie), writing, emotional weight and direction. With theatrical earnings of over globally, 777 Charlie became the fifth highest-grossing Kannada film at the time of release. At the 69th National Film Awards, the film won the award for Best Feature Film In Kannada.
Plot
A Labrador puppy escapes from the house of a breeder where many dogs have been caged and tortured. The pup continues its journey and finally reaches the Chinmaya colony, Mysore where Dharma resides. Dharma is a loner in a colony, who does not socialize with anyone and is feared among the colony people. His life consists of mainly working at the factory, fights, booze, smoking, and watching Charlie Chaplin movies and shows on TV. He is an orphan, whose parents and sister died in a car crash caused by a dog and thereby leads a monotonous life. A musical fest at his colony makes the puppy scared and Dharma is enraged as his sleep is disturbed and he destroys the band instruments. The puppy views Dharma as her savior and secretly follows him.
The Labrador takes shelter in the dustbin outside his house and consumes the leftover idli thrown by Dharma without his knowledge. It tries to gain the attention of Dharma but in vain. One day, the dog follows him and gets into a road accident. Feeling pity for the dog after watching Charlie Chaplin's bond with a dog, Dharma takes it to the hospital where he is advised by Dr. Ashwin Kumar to let the dog stay with him, till an adopter comes forward and advises obtaining a dog license. Though reluctant as the colony members do not allow dogs, Dharma agrees and takes care of the dog the bond between him and the dog grows to an extent where Dharma becomes a better person and names the dog Charlie after Charlie Chaplin and takes care of the dog with a child in the colony named Adrika aka Adi.
One day, Charlie loses consciousness when Dharma learns that Charlie is suffering from cancer (hemangiosarcoma of spleen) and this genetic defect has happened due to the breeder's unwanted breeding techniques and constant torture as Charlie is a female dog. Distraught, Dharma decides to fulfill Charlie's wishes when he learns that Charlie likes to play in snow as whenever snow appears on TV, she gets excited. He leaves with Charlie for Himachal Pradesh. An animal welfare activist Devika thinks that Dharma tortures Charlie and decides to follow him to gather proof to confront him and charge him. En route, Dharma learns about Charlie's breeder from the vet doctor and receives a video of Charlie being tortured where he learns that Charlie's name is actually Keaton. Dharma confirms this by addressing Charlie as Keaton thereby Charlie responding to the name and shown to be in fear. He reaches the breeder's house and thrashes him.
The breeder is later caught by the police. The rest of the dogs get rescued by the animal welfare team. Devika learns about this incident through her team and develops a soft corner for Dharma and tells him she is ready for any help he requires but she has to leave due to scheduled commitments at her job. Through Devika, Dharma meets Karshan Roy, who promises to publish his story in a magazine. Dharma and Charlie leave for Punjab where they meet a dog lover named Vamshinathan, who is a Tamilian, and his dog Blacky, where Dharma and Charlie spent few days with Vamshi. Vamshi provides a dog competition pass to Dharma, but they become contestants when Charlie does a long jump, supported by Dharma winning the hearts of all the audiences and the competition as well. Without money and food, Dharma sells his bike and walks to continue their journey but Charlie's condition worsens.
Dharma takes him to a monastery and learns that Charlie was pregnant with Blacky's child, but the puppies could not survive. The duo continue their journey in the bus but the bus is stopped by the army, and they reveal that a landslide occurred. After requests from Dharma, an officer agrees to take Charlie to Kashmir. Dharma and Charlie sneak out and play in snow and return back to the camp. The following day, Charlie goes missing and Dharma leaves in search of Charlie. After a long search, he finds her at a temple waiting for him, who sits in his lap, then thanks him with her gesture and dies in Dharma's arms. Dharma is distraught but finds a puppy inside the temple and realises that Charlie gifted the puppy to him as she knows that Dharma cannot survive without her.
A few months later, Dharma along with Devika, Adrika and the colony people inaugurate an animal rescue and shelter in the memory of Charlie, where Dharma sits next to Charlie's memorial and goes through the article published about the journey of Charlie and Dharma. Charlie's puppy, which is also named Charlie, is shown to be more mischievous than its mother.
Cast
Production
Development
In September 2017, Rakshit Shetty announced his next film under the production banner Paramvah Studios titled as 777 Charlie. Kiranraj K, who had assisted Rishab Shetty in Ricky and Kirik Party, was brought on board for the project, which marked his directorial debut. Shetty agreed to produce the film as the script was considered to be "first-of-its-kind" in Kannada cinema. Kiranraj also revealed that some sequences in the film were inspired from his real-life incidents. Before the film's production in June 2018, dog trainer BC Pramod trained three Labrador Retrievers to play the role of Charlie in the film for three weeks, as the bonding between the dog and the lead actor was to be real and convincing.
Casting
The makers initially considered Aravinnd Iyer as the lead actor, whom Shetty had recommended after working with him in Kirik Party. Shetty stated that "The character in the film works in a vehicle manufacturing factory and wears a rugged look, and even the neighbourhood children are scared of him. The role perfectly suited Aravinnd and he came on board". But, as the production delayed, Iyer left the project in February 2018 as his schedule clashed with that of Bheemasena Nalamaharaja (2020). Subsequently, Shetty replaced him in the lead role. In May 2018, Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah announced a casting call for the film's female lead, in which Sangeetha Sringeri was selected as the female lead from the audition with over 2,700 entries. Raj B. Shetty joined the cast in July 2018, where he played the role of a veterinary doctor. Danish Sait also joined the shoot in the first schedule. Child artists Sharvari and Praanya P Rao, also appeared a part of the film. In November 2020, it was announced that Tamil actor Bobby Simha would appear in a cameo role, marking his debut in the Kannada film industry.
Filming
The film's principal photography began in Mangalore on 8 June 2018, with Shetty joining the shoot after simultaneously working on the production of Avane Srimannarayana (2020). Kiranraj chose to shoot the first schedule in Mangalore as the opening sequences since "Charlie (the protagonist), who escapes from one place to another, finds himself in a fish market. As the scene needed an exclusive fish selling zone, which is not available anywhere in the state, which is why we chose Mangalore." The team shot a few sequences at Sakleshpur and then moved to Mysore and Bangalore, where Shetty joined the shooting schedule. In September 2018, it was revealed that portions with young Charlie had been completed, and the team needed to take a break, since Shetty planned to resume shooting for Avane Srimannarayana. The film has music by Nobin Paul, cinematography by Aravind Kashyap, and editing by Pratheek Shetty.
In March 2018, the team resumed the shooting in Mysore with scenes featuring the protagonist in his old-house as Mysore had old buildings, which suited the script. The team planned a 30-day schedule in the location and Shetty simultaneously worked on the film along with Avane Srimannarayana as he planned to release the two films within that year. Later, the team shot a few sequences in the Dandeli forest. Soon after the release of Avane Srimannarayana, Shetty rejoined the production team in late-January 2020 to shoot major sequences in North India. A montage song showcasing the bond between Charlie and Shetty was filmed in Goa. The makers also filmed a few portions in Goa, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Punjab. 777 Charlie completed 100 days of filming in March 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic brought the production to a halt.
Filming resumed in October 2020 after a six-month break with sequences being shot in Bangalore and Kodaikanal. Later, the team went on a location scouting in Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir to shoot more sequences, which began on 20 November 2020. Shetty joined the Kashmir schedule during the first week of December. However, due to the unpleasant weather, the team delayed the production, until filming resumed in January 2021. The film's schedule in Kashmir was completed on 27 January 2021. In June 2021, director Kiranraj stated that the team had filmed for a total of 160 days, with visuals for end credits pending to be shot. After 164 days of filming, including shooting for the patchwork scenes, the makers wrapped up the shoot on 25 October 2021.
Post-production
The post-production simultaneously began on 29 January 2021, when the team had completed 90% of the film's production. It was reported that Nobin Paul had started working on the film's background score during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in August 2020. Rakshit Shetty began dubbing for the portions during March 2021, and the production team announced that 70% of the dubbing work had been completed. Since the film was to have a pan-India release, director Kiranraj and his team chose more than 200 voice artists to dub for the 50+ characters in five languages. He made sure that "the film never feels like a 'dubbed' film in other languages but instead the authenticity and local flavor is maintained in each version". After the completion of the filming, Kiranraj announced a December 2021 theatrical release.
Music
The score and soundtrack of 777 Charlie is composed and produced by Nobin Paul.
Release
Theatrical
777 Charlie had a limited theatrical release on 2 June 2022 with special preview screenings across 21 Indian cities starting with Delhi and Amritsar, and later moving to Jaipur, Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Pune on June 6 and Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Solapur, Thiruvananthapuram, Varanasi, and Coimbatore on 7 June. The film was released worldwide in cinemas on 10 June 2022.
Earlier in May 2021, director Kiranraj announced in an interview that 777 Charlie will have a theatrical release during the fourth quarter of that year. He said that "considering the budget, scale and the pan-Indian approach, one cannot assure the film being streamed in an over-the-top media service. The making of the film has been very taxing deal on us, sure, but the whole team wishes that the audience gets to see the film on the big screen. We have our hopes pinned on the vaccination drive and the government's approach in controlling the pandemic, thus the audience will be receptive to watching films in the theatres." The film also released in Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, and Malayalam languages.
The team planned to release the film on the last week of December, as the producers had a sentiment with Shetty's last two successful releases Kirik Party and Avane Srimmannarayana had released on the last week of December. In September 2021, the makers announced that 777 Charlie would be released theatrically on 31 December 2021, coinciding the New Year's Eve. A few weeks before the scheduled release, the producers announced that the premiere would be postponed. Apart from being considered for a dubbed version in Russian, it was reported to be one of the 39 movies considered by China to dub in their language.
Distribution
In June 2021, Prithviraj Sukumaran who watched few scenes from the preview of this film, had agreed to acquire the rights under the Prithviraj Productions banner for the film's Malayalam-dubbed version. The same month, Karthik Subbaraj's Stone Bench Films acquired the distribution rights for the Tamil-dubbed version.
Home media
The film was digitally streamed on Voot Select on 29 July 2022. Prime Video announced that the film was available for rentals, for ₹199, to both prime and non-prime customers in India, from 30 September 2022 in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam.
Reception
Critical reception
Grace Cyril of India Today rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "777 Charlie is filled with emotional, fun and aww-worthy moments".
Tini Sara Anien of Deccan Herald rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "777 Charlie' is a family film with a difference and let's hope the film inspires a healthy trend in Kannada cinema".
A critic for Sakshi Post rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "Rakshit Shetty's 777 Charlie is an emotional rollercoaster ride".
Archika Khurana of The Times of India rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "
'777 Charlie' is a treat for fans of both Rakshit Shetty and films that convey essential messages, such as pet adoption in this case. There is a lot of heart and soul in the movie, with moments that will leave you with teary eyes at the end".
Shubham Kulkarni of Koimoi rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "777 Charlie is a film made for you to suspend your disbelief and watch with all your hearts laugh, cry".
Latha Srinivasan of Firstpost rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 stars and wrote "Kiranraj K's 777 Charlie makes you feel emotions you haven't felt in a while and honestly it's a good feeling".
Soundarya Athimuthu of The Quint wrote "Even if you are not a pet lover, 777 Charlie will turn you into one".
A Sharadhaa of The New Indian Express rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "777 Charlie is definitely an ode to dog lovers and Kiranraj, Rakshit and Co have crafted it in such a way that even if you are not one, watching this film just might make you revisit that stance".
Nandini Ramnath of Scroll.in rated wrote "Dharma's road trip with Charlie seemingly has a destination, but the film takes forever to get there".
Manoj Kumar R of The Indian Express rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Amid larger-than-life, violence-prone cinema we have watched this year, this Rakshit Shetty-starrer offers a quieter experience of self-reflection about the absurdity of life".
Box office
The box office collections of the movie was reported by various sources with varying degrees of accuracy. While the movie collected ₹1.10 crore from previews on Thursday, the first day collection was around ₹4.9 crores to ₹6.27 crores(net).
The second day collection was reported to be around ₹6.25 crores to ₹7.87 crores (net). Multiple sources reported the third day collection to be around ₹7.5 crores to ₹9.5 crores to ₹10.01 crore(net) taking the first weekend collections to ₹19.75 crores to ₹20 crores to ₹ 23.5 crores to ₹24.15 crores (net) to ₹27 crores. The five day collections were reported to be around ₹32.7 crores to ₹35 crores. It was also reported to have collected over ₹2.1 crores in Kerala in 6 days making it the third highest grossing Kannada film there. While the six day collections stood at ₹35.7 crores, the first week collections were reported to be around ₹38.65 crores to ₹38.9 crores to ₹47.25 crores. The movie was reported to have grossed ₹50.1 crores in 8 eight days of which ₹36 crores was from Karnataka; ₹2 crores from Andhra Pradesh & Telangana; ₹2.25 crores from Kerala; ₹1 crore from Tamil Nadu; ₹2 crores from rest of India and ₹6.85 crores from overseas. By the end of 10 days, the movie had collected around ₹50.75 crores to ₹53.1 crores. While the movie collected ₹1.5 crores within 5 days in Kerala, it went on to surpass the ₹3 crore mark within 12 days there. The gross collections of the movie was reported to be around ₹75 crores in 12 days and ₹90 crores in 17 days. The movie minted over ₹4.05 crores in Kerala within 17 days and went on to collect ₹4.5 crores in 24 days there and was reported to be heading towards ₹5 crore mark in Kerala. The movie was reported to have collected ₹95 crores in 22 days.
On the occasion of 25 day success meet, Rakshit Shetty revealed the total gross revenue of the movie - from all the sources (such as theatre, digital, satellite, music and remake rights) to be ₹150 crores out of which ₹100 crores was reported to be the theatrical collections. At the end of 30 days, it was reported to have collected ₹4 crores each from both Telugu and Tamil versions and ₹5.5 crores from the Malayalam version. The Hindi version was reported to have collected ₹7 crores. While The Times of India reported that the film collected ₹100 crores, Odisha TV reported the worldwide collection at the end of 60 days to be around ₹105.72 crore. The closing collections were reported to be ₹105 crores.
Accolades
Legacy
The demand for Labradors was reported to have increased after the release of the film. However, experts and activists were of the view that pets should not be brought home on the basis of short term plan based on temporary flow of emotions since it would lead to sudden spike in their demand leading to unethical breeding which ironically was spoken against in the movie. A sniffer dog inducted into the Mangalore police department was named Charlie.
References
External links
2022 films
2022 comedy-drama films
2020s Kannada-language films
2022 adventure films
Films about dogs
Films shot in Bangalore
Films shot in Mangalore
Films shot in Mysore
Films shot in Goa
Films shot in Kodaikanal
Films shot in Gujarat
Films shot in Rajasthan
Films shot in Punjab, India
Films shot in Himachal Pradesh
Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir
Film productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2020s adventure comedy-drama films
Indian adventure comedy-drama films
Pan-Indian films |
Eleniceras stevrecensis is an extinct species of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonoidea subclass. This animal lived 140–129 million years ago during the Hauterivian in Europe.
References
External links
Early Cretaceous ammonites of Europe
Perisphinctoidea
Hauterivian species
Fossil taxa described in 1967 |
These are the Official UK Charts Company's Official Indie Chart number one hits of 2002.
See also
2002 in music
References
2002 record charts
Indie 2002
2002 in British music |
Sex Secrets of Ancient Atlantis is a novel by John Grant published in 1986.
Plot summary
Sex Secrets of Ancient Atlantis is a narrative featuring sexual revelations about ancient Atlantis.
Reception
Dave Langford reviewed Sex Secrets of Ancient Atlantis for White Dwarf #75, and stated that "The illustrations are sadly all quite printable; the text pokes fun at UFOlogy, the Atlantis myth, magic pendulums, The Tao of Sex, and worse."
References
1986 novels |
John Charles Sage (September 12, 1866 – October 2, 1919) was the bishop of the Missionary District of Salina in The Episcopal Church from January 17, 1918, until his death.
Biography
Sage was born in Cleveland on September 12, 1866, to Jacob Sage and Catharine Evans. He trained for the priesthood at the Western Theological Seminary, graduating in 1891. He was then ordained deacon on April 21, 1891, by Bishop William Andrew Leonard of Ohio in Grace Church, Cleveland, and then as a priest on November 19, 1893, by Bishop William Edward McLaren of Chicago. As a deacon he ministered in Willoughby, Ohio and was in charge of St Paul's Church in Toledo, Ohio.
In 1893 he became rector of St Luke's and All Saints’ Church in Berwyn, Illinois, while in 1897 he served as rector of St Luke's Church in Dixon, Illinois. Between 1902 and 1911, he was rector of St. John's Church in Dubuque, and then of St. John's in Keokuk from 1911 until 1918.
Episcopacy
He was elected Missionary Bishop of Salina at a special meeting of the House of Bishops held in Chicago on October 19, 1917, and was then consecrated on January 17, 1918. He compiled a prayer book called Private Prayers for the Faithful which was described as a "little manual for beginners in the habit of prayer." He also worked to secure funds with which to carry on a general educational propaganda throughout his missionary district.
Death
Sage died unexpectedly at the Bishop's House in Salina, Kansas less than two years into his episcopacy on October 2, 1919, as the result of Myocarditis. He had fallen ill in September 1919.
References
1866 births
1919 deaths
American Episcopalians
Episcopal bishops of Western Kansas |
Al Caldwell is an R&B musician who mainly plays the bass guitar and banjo with the Travelling Black Hillbillies. He is also a studio engineer and producer.
Career
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Caldwell started out as a clarinet player and moved on to the trumpet. He attended Mississippi Valley State on scholarship. He has played for a variety of entertainers including Vanessa Williams, He also works for hire on studio albums as a session musician. He has performed on a number of television shows.
When Caldwell plays electric bass, he usually performs using Extended-range basses, (or "ERBs"), which are electric bass guitars with more range (usually meaning more strings, but sometimes additional frets are added for more range) than the "standard" 4-string bass guitar. The techniques used to play the extended-range bass are closely related to those used for basses, including finger plucking, slapping, popping, and tapping, though a plectrum (pick) is very rarely used. The upper strings of an extended-range bass allow bassists to adopt playing styles of the electric guitar. One such style is the practice of "comping", or playing a rhythmic chordal accompaniment to an improvised solo. Al Caldwell was the first MIDI 9 string bassist. Conklin Basses made the first Midi 9 string for Al Caldwell. Al Caldwell had Benavente Basses make the first 11 string MIDI bass.
Discography
2004 9 String Human Being - Baby Al Music
2004 Good Livin - Baby Al Music
2004 Hillbilly Soul - Baby Al Music
2004 Hootananny Soul - Baby Al Music
2005 Hell if I know - Baby Al Music
2005 Forbidden - Baby Al Music
2005 Bass for Lovers - Baby Al Music
References
External links
9 String Bass
Al Caldwell and the Travelling Hillbillies
American session musicians
American banjoists
American bass guitarists
Living people
Musicians from St. Louis
Guitarists from Missouri
American male bass guitarists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Pseudotetrapterus (Greek for "false four fins") is a genus of prehistoric fish from the Oligocene.
References
Pseudotetrapterus, Paleobiology Database
Acanthomorpha
Oligocene fish |
The Baseball Bug is a 1911 silent film comedy short produced by the Thanhouser Company. It starred John W. Noble and Florence La Badie. It also featured real-life baseball players Chief Bender Jack Coombs, Cy Morgan, and Rube Oldring.
Cast
John W. Noble - The Would-Be Baseball Star
Florence La Badie - The Would-Be Baseball Star's Wife
Charles Albert Bender - as himself, Philadelphia Athletics player (as Big Chief Bender)
Jack Coombs - as himself, Philadelphia Athletics player
Cy Morgan - as himself, Philadelphia Athletics player
Rube Oldring - as himself, Philadelphia Athletics player
References
External links
1911 films
American silent short films
1911 short films
Thanhouser Company films
American sports comedy films
1910s sports comedy films
1911 comedy films
American black-and-white films
1910s American films
Silent American comedy films
Silent sports comedy films |
Adel Kamel (1942–2003) عادل كامل was a music critic, musicologist and composer.
He was one of the writers in Watani newspaper, the founder of “Panorama” section, a lecturer in Universities in Egypt and abroad, a member of jury in international choir competitions, a
member of many international organizations, and also had several publications.
He felt that there is something deep in the Coptic music and he was fascinated by many Coptic hymns, beside his studies and appreciation to the classical music in 1991 he was thinking very strongly in both classical and Coptic music.
Works
In 1993 he started thinking about his project, which was dealing with Coptic themes arranged in Classical Music forms with 20th-century compositional techniques.
In 1996 he composed “Fugue on a Coptic theme” followed by “Agios”; these two were not only music compositions but they were also a research, in which he had earned a PhD in from the Zoltan Kodaly Pedagogical Institute of Music (Kesckemet, Hungary), and Coptic institute in Cairo.
"Fugue on a Coptic theme" is dealing with the Coptic theme "Golgotha" presented in a 17th-century baroque three-voice polyphonic texture with 20th-century compositional techniques.
“Agios” presents the Coptic theme "Agios the prolonged" in "18th-century" Classical Period style, melody with accompaniment and harmonic three voice texture with 20th-century compositional techniques.
These two works were written originally for trio, but in 2001 a piano transcription was made by Dr. Adel Kamel and Nabil K. Agaiby.
In 2002 he composed “Al el Orbana”, as a prelude to the Fugue, and its dealing with the theme “Al El Orbana" arranged in 20th-century composition style, wrote for Piano solo.
In October 2002 he wrote his last composition “Melodie Copte", a monophonic theme in a Dorian mode.
Dr. Adel by his works connected two periods which are 2000 years apart, and presented features of several civilizations in just one piece of music; also these works could be the first classical compositions dealing with materials related to the first centuries AD.
See also
List of Copts
Coptic music
References
Tribute to a modern-day pharaoh
Watani , 50 years on
Coptic Medical Society UK
1942 births
2003 deaths
Music critics
Egyptian musicologists
Egyptian composers
Musicians from Cairo
Egyptian people of Coptic descent
Coptic music
20th-century musicologists |
Earl of Beaconsfield, of Hughenden in the County of Buckingham, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1876 for the Jewish Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, a favourite of Queen Victoria. Victoria favoured Disraeli's Tory policies over those of his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone. Disraeli had also promoted the Royal Titles Act 1876 that had given Victoria the title of Empress of India. The subsidiary title of the earldom was Viscount Hughenden, of Hughenden in the County of Buckingham, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
In 1868, at the end of his first term as prime minister, Disraeli's wife Mary had been created Viscountess Beaconsfield, of Beaconsfield in the County of Buckingham, in her own right, allowing her husband to remain a member of the House of Commons. Lady Beaconsfield died in 1872. When Disraeli became an earl in 1876 he automatically lost his seat in the Commons but remained prime minister, leading his government from the House of Lords.
Beaconsfield is the name of a town in the county of Buckinghamshire. For most of his parliamentary career, Disraeli served as a member for Buckinghamshire. He owned an estate, Hughenden Manor, in the nearby town of High Wycombe, but never lived in Beaconsfield. His choice of title might have been partly influenced by the fact that in 1794 the conservative political philosopher and parliamentarian Edmund Burke, whom Disraeli admired, had turned down King George III's offer to raise him to the peerage as Lord Beaconsfield.
In 1878, Disraeli refused Queen Victoria's offer to make him a duke, accepting instead membership in the Order of the Garter. The Disraelis died without direct heirs and their titles became extinct; Hughenden Manor passed to Lord Beaconsfield's nephew Coningsby Disraeli.
Earls of Beaconsfield (1876)
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1804–1881)
Viscountess Beaconsfield (1868)
Mary Anne Disraeli, 1st Viscountess Beaconsfield (1792–1872)
References
1876 establishments in the United Kingdom
1881 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1876
Noble titles created for UK MPs
Peerages created for prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Benjamin Disraeli |
Ferintosh is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Camrose County. It is located approximately south of Camrose, and southeast of Edmonton. The hamlet is situated on Little Beaver Lake. The community takes its name from Ferintosh, in Scotland.
History
Ferintosh incorporated as a village on January 9, 1911. It relinquished its village status on January 1, 2020, when it dissolved to become a hamlet under the jurisdiction of Camrose County.
Geography
Nearby communities include:
New Norway
Edberg
Bashaw
Meeting Creek
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ferintosh had a population of 180 living in 90 of its 105 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 202. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ferintosh had a population of 202 living in 97 of its 103 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 181. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
External links
1911 establishments in Alberta
2020 disestablishments in Alberta
Designated places in Alberta
Former villages in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta
Populated places disestablished in 2020 |
Fair Oaks may refer to:
Places in the United States
Fair Oaks, Arkansas
Fair Oaks, California, in Sacramento County
Fair Oaks, Mendocino County, California
Fair Oaks, San Joaquin County, California, a place in California
Fair Oaks (VTA), a light rail station in Sunnyvale, California
Fair Oaks – Manhattan Manor, a neighborhood in Tampa, Florida
Fair Oaks, Georgia
Fair Oaks, Indiana
Fair Oaks (Natchez, Mississippi), a historic house
Fair Oaks, New York
Fair Oaks, Oklahoma
Fair Oaks, Oregon
Fair Oaks (Aldie, Virginia), a historic farmstead
Fair Oaks, Fairfax County, Virginia
Fair Oaks Mall, a mall in Fairfax, Virginia
Fair Oaks, Henrico County, Virginia
Fair Oaks, Wisconsin, a former village which was annexed by the city of Madison, Wisconsin, in 1913
Other uses
Fair Oaks, a 1957 novel by Frank Yerby
See also
Fair Oak, a town in the borough of Eastleigh, Hampshire, England
Fairoaks Airport in Surrey, England
Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road, an America Civil War battle
Battle of Seven Pines or Battle of Fair Oaks, an American Civil War battle |
Mao Kobayashi may refer to:
Mao Kobayashi (actress) (1982–2017), Japanese newscaster and actress
Mao Kobayashi (footballer) (born 1999), Japanese football player
Mao Kobayashi (model) (born 1992), Japanese model |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast local election, 2015 was a local election in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast.
Results
Ivano-Frankivsk city council
References
External links
Official website Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Council
The 2015 elections to the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast council. Central Election Commission of Ukraine.
Local elections in Ukraine
2015 elections in Ukraine
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
October 2015 events in Ukraine |
The China-Japan Supermatches (日中スーパー囲碁) was a Go competition.
Outline
The China-Japan Supermatches were a series of team competition between China and Japan in the board game of Go. The tournament was hosted by NEC; it was held 16 times from 1984 to 2001. The matches were in the knock-out format with 6 to 9 players on each side for the first 11 times (1984-1996). In the later games, each side had 3 players for one-on-one matches.
Before the late 1980s top Japanese players were generally considered to be at a higher level than the rest of the world, but in the end, China won 9 times in total. The result has had a great impact on the development of the game in China afterward.
Winners
References
International Go competitions
1984 in go
Recurring sporting events established in 1984
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2001 |
The 298th Rifle Division () was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II, formed three times.
The division was first formed in the summer of 1941 and was destroyed in the Bryansk pocket in the fall of that year. Reformed in December 1941 in Siberia, the division became a guards unit for its actions in the Battle of Stalingrad in March 1943. It was reformed in July 1943 in the Soviet Far East, and fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, before being disbanded in 1946.
History
First Formation
The 298th began forming on 2 July 1941 at Kalinin, part of the Moscow Military District. Its basic order of battle included the 886th, 888th, and the 892nd Rifle Regiments, as well as the 828th Artillery Regiment. In early August it was moved west, and assigned to the Reserve Front's 24th Army on 5 August, with its headquarters at Sychyovka. After briefly transferring to the 49th Army, the 298th was withdrawn to the Bryansk Front reserve to complete its formation. In September it became part of the 13th Army of the front. At the beginning of Operation Typhoon, the German offensive on Moscow, the division was trapped and destroyed in the Bryansk pocket by mid-October. On 27 December the 298th was officially disbanded.
Second Formation
The 298th was reformed from late December 1941 to 17 January 1942 at Barnaul, part of the Siberian Military District. Its basic order of battle was the same as the previous formation, and the 298th's commander was assigned on 17 January. After completing its formation, the division was transferred west to the Western Front's 50th Army, where it remained until August. In response to Case Blue, the German summer offensive which was advancing on Stalingrad, the 298th was moved to south and became an infantry unit of the 4th Tank Army, fighting in the Stalingrad area. The division became part of the 24th Army just before it fought in Operation Uranus in November, the Soviet counteroffensive, which trapped German troops in Stalingrad. It was transferred to the 21st Army reserve by 16 December. On 28 and 29 December, an assault group from the division participated in attacks alongside assault groups from four other rifle divisions, inflicting heavy losses on the German 44th and 376th Infantry Divisions.
In the original offensive plan for Operation Ring, the offensive that eliminated the pocket, the division, still with 21st Army, held positions on the margins of the Marinovka salient held by XIV Panzer Corps, and was to play a supporting role in the assault. For the offensive, which began on 10 January, the division held positions on the western face of the salient adjacent to the 96th Rifle Division; both units were to advance east from Bairak Balka towards Vodyanaya Balka against stay-behind forces from the 8th and 29th Regiments of the German 3rd Motorized Division. The assault was successful, and on 12 January it attacked southeast and east alongside the 277th and 96th Rifle Divisions, advancing between 3 and 4 kilometers and pushing the remnants of the 29th and 3rd Motorized Divisions into a narrow pocket southwest of the Dmitrievka-Karpovka road. For the attack on 13 January, the division was regrouped in order to advance east towards Pitomnik Airfield alongside other 21st Army divisions, where it would link up with troops of the 57th Army.
The 298th remained with the 24th Army during Operation Ring in January and February 1943, which eliminated the pocket. For its actions at Stalingrad, the division was converted into the 80th Guards Rifle Division on 1 March.
Third Formation
The 298th was reformed for the third and last time on 1 July 1943 in the Transbaikal Front, still with the same basic order of battle as previous formations. It became part of the 36th Army, with which it served for the rest of the war. The division fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria from 8 August to 3 September 1945, during which it quickly advanced through Japanese fortifications at Jalainur and Manzhouli in less than two days, meeting only disorganized resistance. The rest of the advance was mostly unopposed pursuit into Manchuria, so the division only saw about two days of combat. The division received the honorific "Khingan" for its actions, and was disbanded during the spring and summer of 1946 as part of the Transbaikal-Amur Military District.
References
Citations
Bibliography
p 472, 477, 487, 496, 503, 513, 518, 526, 530, 534, 546, 550, 557, 568, 575, 662n109
Infantry divisions of the Soviet Union in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1941
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946 |
Hunza, Pakistan, has been famous for its practices in Shamanism. Shaman in the local language (Burushaski) are referred as 'Bitan'. Shamanism in the area has been linked to its dynamic history.
Bitan
Bitan is the Burushaski equivalent of Shaman. Bitans are not like the Eurasian Shamans, as the Eurasian Shamans have some special physical qualities like extra teeth, a sixth finger, or other physical signs. Dayals are normal beings who are selected by the Pari (the fairy, plural ).
Pariting descends to the earth during the cherry and apricot blossom seasons. Pariting choose the dayal from new borns by smelling their noses and mouths. It is not apparent who is a dayal during the childhood. Bitans grow distinct characteristics when they reach teenage. These characteristics includes becoming unconscious, going into a state of ecstasy, or sickness for days or sometimes weeks. A Bitan may die if he (his spirit) resists to be one during the period when the shamanist's characteristics start to appear.
Dayal have craving for music (a special tune/composition); on listening to such music they can go into a state of trance where they meet with the pari. Bitans dance to the music during festivals like Ginani (crop harvesting festival). During the dance, dayal also foretell the next year's crop production.
Shamanic Practices
Shamans or the Dayals are believed to have foresight. This foresight is a result of Dayal's interactions with the spirits. These spirits are fairies, pari (plural ) as called in the local language. The paris tell the dayals about the future when they are in an ecstatic/trance state. Thus they foretell the future.
The Ritual
The ritual to get the dayal into the shamanistic or the ecstatic state, need music, smoke and blood of goat. Music is played by the musicians (). The orchestra has three instruments, namely Dadang (Drum), Daamal (two hemi-spherical drums) and Surnai (Shenai) or Gabi (local variant of reed pipe). For the smoke juniper leaves and Syrian rue (local name Supandur) are put on fire. For blood the dayal drinks it from the recently chopped head of a goat (Chati).
Dayal starts to dance to the music. While dancing dayal inhales the smoke of juniper leaves simultaneously. Then drinking the blood from Chati. Dayal gets into a higher state as he continues to dance to the music. Reaching the state the dayal starts to speak in Shina (language of Gilgit). Dayal converses/argues/ask the pari regarding the concern he has. During the process dayal may pass out. Dayal can go to such state for at most two or three times before he passes out.
History
Historians like M.H. Sidky, have done extensive research on the topic of Shamanism. Sidky had published a paper on Shamanism in Hunza. Where the author had mentioned the famous Bitans (shamans) of the area, including Huk Mamu and Shon Gakur.
Bitans of Hunza used to tell future by doing the shamanic practices. Bitans were summoned by the Thum/Mir to predict any calamity, famine or any disaster expected in near future.
References
Hunza
Religion in Pakistan
Shamanism |
```kotlin
/*
*/
package splitties.preferences
import android.content.Context
import android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT
import splitties.init.appCtx
import splitties.init.directBootCtx
internal actual fun getPreferencesStorage(
name: String?,
androidAvailableAtDirectBoot: Boolean
): PreferencesStorage = getSharedPreferences(name, androidAvailableAtDirectBoot)
internal fun getSharedPreferences(
name: String?,
androidAvailableAtDirectBoot: Boolean
): PreferencesStorage {
val actualName = name ?: "${appCtx.packageName}_preferences"
val storageCtx: Context = if (androidAvailableAtDirectBoot && SDK_INT > 24) {
// Moving the sharedPreferences from is done by the system only if you had it outside
// the direct boot available storage or if the device was running Android M or older,
// and just got updated.
directBootCtx.moveSharedPreferencesFrom(appCtx, actualName)
directBootCtx
} else appCtx
return storageCtx.getSharedPreferences(actualName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
}
actual typealias PreferencesStorage = android.content.SharedPreferences
actual typealias OnPreferenceChangeListener = android.content.SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener
actual typealias PreferencesEditor = android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor
``` |
Metropolis at Dadeland is a pair of skyscraper condos in the Dadeland neighborhood of Kendall, Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. Metropolis at Dadeland consists of two near identical residential towers, Metropolis One and Metropolis Two. The towers provide retail and dining space on the street level, while the remaining floors are residential condo units. Specifically, floors two though seven are loft style units surrounding nine floors of parking. Floors eight through twenty-six are condo units and Penthouse units at the top. Floor eight contains most of the buildings amenities such as two pools, his and her saunas, library/work center, fitness center, club room with pool tables, and a Jacuzzi. Both towers stand at a height (architectural) of 313.58 ft.
Construction took three years (2003-2006) to complete both towers. In late November 2003, the foundation for the first tower was laid.
Metropolis at Dadeland is located in close proximity to:
Dadeland South (Metrorail station)
Dadeland Mall
Dadeland Marriott
Datran Towers Complex
Gallery
References
Residential buildings completed in 2006
Residential condominiums in Miami
Residential skyscrapers in Miami
2006 establishments in Florida
Kendall, Florida |
Dolenji Vrh () is a small settlement in the hills south of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical Lower Carniola region. The entire Municipality of Trebnje is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
References
External links
Dolenji Vrh on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Trebnje |
Darryl Neighbour (born July 21, 1948) is a Canadian wheelchair curler. He was the third on the team that won gold at the 2009 World Championships and was selected as third for Team Canada in the 2010 Winter Paralympics. He has been paraplegic since 2000.
Results
References
External links
Profile at the Official Website for the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver
Paralympic wheelchair curlers for Canada
1948 births
Living people
Curlers from British Columbia
Canadian wheelchair curlers
Wheelchair curlers at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Canada
Canadian male curlers
World wheelchair curling champions
Canadian wheelchair curling champions
Paralympic medalists in wheelchair curling |
The year 2004 is the 12th year in the history of Pancrase, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. In 2004 Pancrase held 16 events beginning with Pancrase: Brave 1.
Title fights
Events list
Pancrase: Brave 1
Pancrase: Brave 1 was an event held on February 6, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 2
Pancrase: Brave 2 was an event held on February 15, 2004, at Umeda Stella Hall in Osaka, Osaka, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 3
Pancrase: Brave 3 was an event held on March 29, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 4
Pancrase: Brave 4 was an event held on April 23, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: 2004 Neo-Blood Tournament Eliminations
Pancrase: 2004 Neo-Blood Tournament Eliminations was an event held on May 2, 2004, at Gold's Gym South Tokyo Annex in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 5
Pancrase: Brave 5 was an event held on May 28, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 6
Pancrase: Brave 6 was an event held on June 22, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: 2004 Neo-Blood Tournament Semifinals
Pancrase: 2004 Neo-Blood Tournament Semifinals was an event held on July 25, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: 2004 Neo-Blood Tournament Final
Pancrase: 2004 Neo-Blood Tournament Final was an event held on July 25, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 7
Pancrase: Brave 7 was an event held on August 22, 2004, at Umeda Stella Hall in Osaka, Osaka, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 8
Pancrase: Brave 8 was an event held on September 24, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 9
Pancrase: Brave 9 was an event held on October 12, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 10
Pancrase: Brave 10 was an event held on November 7, 2004, at Tokyo Bay NK Hall in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Hybrid Fight 2004
Pancrase: Hybrid Fight 2004 was an event held on November 7, 2004, at the Hybrid Wrestling Kagoshima Gym in Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 11
Pancrase: Brave 11 was an event held on November 26, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Pancrase: Brave 12
Pancrase: Brave 12 was an event held on December 21, 2004, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
See also
Pancrase
List of Pancrase champions
List of Pancrase events
References
Pancrase events
2004 in mixed martial arts |
Ernodea littoralis, commonly called beech creeper or coughbush, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family (Rubiaceae). It is native to the Florida in the United States, the Caribbean region, and Central America south to Honduras. It is found in sunny, open areas with sandy soil, in habitats such as in pinelands and dunes. It is tolerant of high salt conditions, and of human disturbance.
It is a vine-like ground cover, 1 to 3 feet in height, with small, light green, succulent leaves on long, curving, bright red branches, and pinkish white, tubular flowers succeeded by golden berries.
References
littoralis
Plants described in 1788
Taxa named by Olof Swartz |
USS Uniontown (PF-65), a , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
Construction
The ship was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1489) as Chattanooga on 21 April 1943, at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, by the Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company. Launched on 7 August 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Cecilia Daniel, and brought to New Orleans, for completion on 4 April 1944. She was renamed Uniontown on 16 August 1944, to free the name Chattanooga for the light cruiser , and commissioned on 6 October 1944.
Service history
World War II
Following shakedown in the Caribbean and a brief visit to Charleston, South Carolina, Uniontown joined Task Force 61 at Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 27 December 1944 for duty as a convoy escort. Two days later, the Coast Guard-manned escort vessel got underway for the first of three round-trip voyages across the Atlantic, escorting convoys to Oran, Algeria, and back. Her first round trip lasted from 29 December 1944 to 11 February 1945; the second round trip commenced on 15 March and ended with the ship's return to New York on 9 April. On 28 April, Uniontown got underway for North Africa and her last wartime convoy escort run.
While en route to Algeria, Uniontown received word that German forces had surrendered at Rheims on 7 May, ending the long European war. Arriving at Oran on the 13th, Uniontown soon got underway for the United States and reached Philadelphia, on 8 June for conversion to a weather ship. On 3 July, outfitted for weather patrol duties, she set out for Newfoundland, and arrived at NS Argentia two days later.
On 13 July, Uniontown commenced operations at Weather Station No. 3 and remained on station until 2 August. The ship returned to Grønnedal, Greenland, from 3 to 20 August in between deployments on weather patrol. The frigate served on Weather Station No. 1 from 22 August to 11 September, and subsequently at Weather Station No. 3 from 2 to 20 October before she returned to the Boston Navy Yard. A month later, Uniontown headed for Hampton Roads and arrived at Norfolk, Virginia, on 30 November 1945.
Postwar
On 20 December 1945, the warship was decommissioned at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Virginia, and was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 8 January 1946.
After being turned over to the State Department Liquidation Commission, she was then sold to the Argentine government in July 1947, in whose service she was renamed ARA Sarandi (P-33). She served until 1968. Fate unknown.
References
External links
hazegray.org: USS Uniontown
Department of the Navy Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships: USS Uniontown (PF-65), 1944–1946. Name changed from Chattanooga before completion
Tacoma-class frigates
Ships built in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
1943 ships
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Weather ships
Uniontown, Pennsylvania
Tacoma-class frigates of the Argentine Navy |
Stephen Jeffrey Wilson (born 1959 or 1960) is an American businessman and politician of the Republican Party. In 2020, he was elected to the Washington State Senate to represent the 19th legislative district and took office on January 11, 2021. Wilson is also a Port of Longview commissioner.
Firearm incident
Wilson was arrested and charged with unlicensed possession of a firearm in Hong Kong on October 21, 2023, after being found with a revolver at the Hong Kong International Airport. The gun was legally licensed in Washington State, but not in Hong Kong. According to Wilson, he discovered the unloaded firearm in his carry-on luggage mid-flight. He alerted Customs officers and was subsequently arrested for possession of arms without licence, which carries a maximum sentence of 14 years in jail and a fine of $100,000 HKD.
After his initial court hearing, Wilson and his family had verbal exchanges with reporters at the courthouse, leading to police mediation. Wilson was said to have verbally abused the reporters and asked them to delete any photos taken outside of the courthouse. He was ordered to surrender his travel documents and not to leave Hong Kong until his next court date. On October 30, 2023, Principal Magistrate Don So ordered the firearm confiscated and bound over Wilson to keep the peace for 2 years. As all legal proceedings have ended, Wilson was free to leave Hong Kong to continue his vacation.
References
External links
Jeff Wilson at ballotpedia.org
Jeff Wilson at washingtonvotes.org
1960s births
Year of birth uncertain
Living people
21st-century American politicians
People from Ilwaco, Washington
Republican Party Washington (state) state senators |
"Shut up" is a direct command with a meaning very similar to "be quiet", but which is commonly perceived as a more forceful command to stop making noise or otherwise communicating, such as talking. The phrase is probably a shortened form of "shut up your mouth" or "shut your mouth up". Its use is generally considered rude and impolite, and may also be considered a form of profanity by some.
Initial meaning and development
Before the twentieth century, the phrase "shut up" was rarely used as an imperative, and had a different meaning altogether. To say that someone was "shut up" meant that they were locked up, quarantined, or held prisoner. For example, several passages in the King James Version of the Bible instruct that if a priest determines that a person shows certain symptoms of illness, "then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague of the scall seven days". This meaning was also used in the sense of closing something, such as a business, and it is also from this use that the longer phrase "shut up your mouth" likely originated.
One source has indicated this:
However, Shakespeare's use of the phrase in King Lear is limited to a reference to the shutting of doors at the end of Scene II, with the characters of Regan and Cornwall both advising the King, "Shut up your doors". The earlier meaning of the phrase, to close something, is widely used in Little Dorrit, but is used in one instance in a manner which foreshadows the modern usage:
In another instance in that work, the phrase "shut it up" is used to indicate the resolution of a matter:
The Routledge Dictionary of Historical Slang cites an 1858 lecture on slang as noting that "when a man... holds his peace, he shuts up." As early as 1859, use of the shorter phrase was expressly conveyed in a literary work:
One 1888 source identifies the phrase by its similarity to Shakespeare's use in Much Ado About Nothing of "the Spanish phrase poeat palabrât, 'few words,' which is said to be pretty well the equivalent of our slang phrase 'shut up'". The usage by Rudyard Kipling appears in his poem "The Young British Soldier", published in 1892, told in the voice of a seasoned military veteran who says to the fresh troops, "Now all you recruities what's drafted to-day,/You shut up your rag-box an' 'ark to my lay".
Variations
More forceful and sometimes vulgar forms of the phrase may be constructed by the infixation of modifiers, including "shut the hell up" and "shut the fuck up". In shut the heck up, heck is substituted for more aggressive modifiers. In instant messenger communications, these are in turn often abbreviated to STHU and STFU, respectively. Similar phrases include "hush" and "shush" or "hush up" and "shush up" (which are generally less aggressive). Another common variation is "shut your mouth", sometimes substituting "mouth" with another word conveying similar meaning, such as head, face, teeth, trap, yap, chops, crunch, cake-hole (in places including the UK and New Zealand), pie-hole (in the United States), or, more archaically, gob. Another variation, shut it, substitutes "it" for the mouth, leaving the thing to be shut to be understood by implication.
Variations produced by changes in spelling, spacing, or slurring of words include shaddap, shurrup, shurrit, shutup, and shuttup. By derivation, a "shut-up sandwich" is another name for a punch in the mouth. On The King of Queens, Doug Heffernan (the main character played by Kevin James) is known for saying shutty, which is also a variation of the phrase that has since been used by the show's fans.
A dysphemism, shut the front door, was used often by Stacy London of TLC's What Not to Wear during the U.S. show's run from 2003–2013. It was also used in an Oreo commercial on American TV in 2011, prompting some parents to object.
A similar phrase in Spanish, (), was said by King Juan Carlos I of Spain to Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, in response to repeated interruptions by Chávez at a 2007 diplomatic conference. The blunt comment from one head of state to another surprised many, and received "general applause" from the audience.
Objectionability
The objectionability of the phrase has varied over time. For example, in 1957, Milwaukee morning radio personality Bob "Coffeehead" Larsen banned the song "Mama Look at Bubu" from his show for its repeated inclusion of the phrase, which Larsen felt would set a bad example for the younger listeners at that hour. In 1968, the use of the phrase on the floor of the Australian Parliament drew a rebuke that "The phrase 'shut up' is not a parliamentary term. The expression is not the type which one should hear in a Parliament". A similar objection was raised in the Pakistani Parliament in a session during the 1950s. More recently, the cable network Gospel Music Channel, which debuted in 2004, bars the use of the phrase along with actual profanities within its secular programming, often muting the phrase when it comes up within the dialogue.
Alternative meanings
An alternative modern spoken usage is to express disbelief, or even amazement. When this (politer) usage is intended, the phrase is uttered with mild inflexion to express surprise. The phrase is also used in an ironic fashion, when the person demanding the action simultaneously demands that the subject of the command speak, as in "shut up and answer the question". The usage of this phrase for comedic effect traces at least as far back as the 1870s, where the title character of a short farce titled "Piperman's Predicaments" is commanded to "Shut up; and answer plainly". Another seemingly discordant use, tracing back to the 1920s, is the phrase "shut up and kiss me", which typically expresses both impatience and affection.
See also
Shut your mouth (disambiguation)
Silence
Talk to the hand
¿Por qué no te callas?
References
English-language slang
English-language idioms
Harassment and bullying |
Jalan Tanjung Gelang, Federal Route 435, is a federal road in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. It is a main route to the Royal Malaysian Navy (TLDM) Tanjung Gelang Naval Base.
The Kilometre Zero is located at the entrance to the Royal Malaysian Navy (TLDM) Tanjung Gelang Naval Base.
At most sections, the Federal Route 435 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, with a speed limit of 90 km/h.
List of junctions
References
Malaysian Federal Roads |
Leonty Filippovich Magnitsky (), born Telyatin (), (June 9, 1669, Ostashkov – October 19, 1739, Moscow) was a Russian mathematician and educator.
Biography
Magnitsky was born into a peasant family. According to some accounts, he graduated from the Slavic Greek Latin Academy in Moscow. From 1701 and until his death, he taught arithmetic, geometry and trigonometry at the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation, becoming its director in 1716.
In 1703, Magnitsky wrote his famous Arithmetic (Арифметика; 2,400 copies), which was used as the principal textbook on mathematics in Russia until the middle of the 18th century. Mikhail Lomonosov was himself taught by this book, which he called the "gates to his own erudition". In 1703, Magnitsky also produced a Russian edition of Adriaan Vlacq's log tables called Таблицы логарифмов и синусов, тангенсов и секансов (Tables of logarithms, sines, tangents, and secants).
Legend has it that Leonty Magnitsky was nicknamed Magnitsky by Peter the Great, who considered him a "people's magnet" (магнит, or "magnit" in Russian). For his educatorial achievements he was ennobled in 1704, and was given numerous awards and gifts by the Tsar.
References
1669 births
1739 deaths
Russian educators
18th-century mathematicians from the Russian Empire
People from Ostashkovsky District
Russian scientists |
Jalan Kayu Constituency was a single member constituency in Jalan Kayu, Singapore, between 1959 and 1988.
Formation and dissolution
After the 1951 election, the present Jalan Kayu Single Member Constituency constituted the majority of the Seletar ward; that ward was dissolved prior to the 1959 election, producing the Jalan Kayu ward, the then Thomson ward, and small parts of Nee Soon ward. Following its dissolution in 1988, Jalan Kayu was incorporated into the new Cheng San Group Representation Constituency. The People's Action Party had held the ward by a narrow margin of 571 votes in the 1984 election.
Member of Parliament
Elections
Elections in 1980s
Note: Madai Puthan Damodaran Nair was offered the first and only Non-constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP) seat, only to reject it. The seat was subsequently offered to Tan Chee Kien, the second best performing but lost the election opposition candidate who ran in Kaki Bukit SMC under the Singapore United Front's banner as auxiliary NCMP who had also promptly declined the offer. This is the only general election that oversees the Opposition candidates had declined NCMP offers since the introduction of NCMP scheme prior to 1984 general elections. The only other election after the introduction of NCMP scheme that sees no NCMP legislator was after the 1991 general election where 4 opposition legislators were elected, which had exceeded the maximum of 3 NCMP seats (Each NCMP seat is reduced when each opposition candidate has been elected for a particular ward).
Elections in 1970s
Elections in 1960s
Notes: The then incumbent Tan Cheng Tong from People's Action Party had attempted to seek another term, but this time round he joined Barisan Sosialis instead and win the election, despite his votes' share was slashed by nearly half.
Elections in 1950s
Notes: Madai Puthan Damodaran Nair has contested here in every GE since the inception of this ward, with the exceptions in 1967 by-elections and 1968 elections where he stood as an independent candidate in Thomson and Farrer Park wards respectively. He had previously elected in Seletar ward, which has since evolved into this ward and also went through up and downs, from an end of almost being elected MP since the independence of Singapore in 1984 elections when he represented the Workers' Party of Singapore and subsequently offered but declined the Non-constituency Member of Parliament seat to lost his election deposit in 1963 elections when he was one of the candidate that entered into the multi-cornered fight's fray under the banner of Singapore Alliance.
References
1988 GE's result
1984 GE's result
1980 GE's result
1976 GE's result
1972 GE's result
1968 GE's result
1967 BE's result
1963 GE's result
1959 GE's result
See also
Ang Mo Kio GRC
Cheng San GRC
Hougang
Sengkang
Punggol
1958 establishments in Singapore
1988 disestablishments in Singapore
Constituencies established in 1958
Constituencies disestablished in 1988 |
There have been six baronetcies created for persons with the surname Thomas, three in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Two of the creations are extant as of 2016.
The Thomas Baronetcy, of Michaelstown in the County of Glamorgan, was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 March 1642 for Edward Thomas. The second Baronet, Robert Thomas, sat as Member of Parliament for Cardiff. The title became extinct on his death in 1685.
The Thomas Baronetcy, of Folkington in the County of Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of England on 23 July 1660 for William Thomas, for many years Member of Parliament for Seaford and Sussex. The title became extinct on his death in 1706.
The Thomas Baronetcy, of Wenvoe in the County of Glamorgan, was created in the Baronetage of England on 24 December 1694 for John Thomas. The third Baronet represented Chippenham and Glamorganshire in the House of Commons. The tenth Baronet was admitted to the Privy Council in 1958.
The Thomas Baronetcy, of Yapton in the County of Sussex, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 6 September 1766 for George Thomas, Governor of the Leeward Islands from 1753 to 1766. The third Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Arundel. The seventh Baronet was a prominent chess player. The title became extinct on his death in 1972.
The Thomas Baronetcy, of Garreglwyd in the County of Anglesey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 5 July 1918 for Robert Thomas. He was a ship and insurance broker and also represented Wrexham and Anglesey in the House of Commons.
The Thomas Baronetcy, of Ynyshir in the County of Glamorgan, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 10 May 1919 for the coalowner and philanthropist James Thomas. He constructed the Welsh National Medical School in Cardiff and also served as high sheriff of Glamorganshire in 1936. His son, the second Baronet, was a deputy lieutenant and High Sheriff for Monmouthshire. As of 2012 the title is held by the latter's son, the third Baronet, who succeeded in 2005.
Thomas baronets, of Llanmihangel (Michaelstown) (1642)
Sir Edward Thomas, 1st Baronet (died 1673)
Sir Robert Thomas, 2nd Baronet (–1685)
Thomas baronets, of Folkington (1660)
Sir William Thomas, 1st Baronet (1641–1706)
Thomas baronets, of Wenvoe (1694)
Sir John Thomas, 1st Baronet (died 1703)
Sir Edmond Thomas, 2nd Baronet (1667–1723)
Sir Edmond Thomas, 3rd Baronet (1712–1767)
Sir Edmond Thomas, 4th Baronet (–1789)
Sir John Thomas, 5th Baronet (1749–1828)
Sir John Godfrey Thomas, 6th Baronet (1784–1841)
Sir Edmond Stephen Thomas, 7th Baronet (1810–1852)
Sir Godfrey John Thomas, 8th Baronet (1824–1861)
Sir Godfrey Vignoles Thomas, 9th Baronet (1856–1919)
Sir Godfrey John Vignoles Thomas, 10th Baronet (1889–1968)
Sir Godfrey Michael David Thomas, 11th Baronet (1925–2003)
Sir David John Godfrey Thomas, 12th Baronet (born 1961)
There is no heir to the title.
Thomas baronets, of Yapton (1766)
Sir George Thomas, 1st Baronet (died 1774)
Sir William Thomas, 2nd Baronet (died 1777)
Sir George Thomas, 3rd Baronet (c. 1740–1815)
Sir William Lewis George Thomas, 4th Baronet (1777–1850)
Sir William Sidney Thomas, 5th Baronet (1807–1867)
Sir George Sidney Meade Thomas, 6th Baronet (1847–1918)
Sir George Alan Thomas, 7th Baronet (1881–1972)
Thomas baronets, of Garreglwyd (1918)
Sir Robert John Thomas, 1st Baronet (1873–1951)
Sir William Eustace Rhyddlad Thomas, 2nd Baronet (1909–1957)
Sir (William) Michael Marsh Thomas, 3rd Baronet (1930–2009)
Arms
Thomas baronets, of Ynyshir (1919)
Sir (William) James Thomas, 1st Baronet (1867–1945)
Sir William James Cooper Thomas, 2nd Baronet (1919–2005)
Sir William Michael Thomas, 3rd Baronet (born 1948)
The heir presumptive to the baronetcy is Stephen Francis Thomas (born 1951), 2nd and youngest son of the 2nd Baronet and brother of the current occupant. His heir apparent is his eldest son, Toby James Thomas (born 1988).
Notes
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
Baronetcies in the Baronetage of England
Baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of Great Britain
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Baronetcies created with special remainders
1642 establishments in England
1766 establishments in Great Britain
1918 establishments in the United Kingdom |
The 1911 Chinese provisional presidential election was the election held on 29 December 1911 during the Xinhai Revolution for the First Provisional President and Vice President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen and Li Yuan-hung were elected as President and Vice-President respectively. Sun swore in at midnight on 1 January 1912 and declared the official establishment of the Republic of China.
Electors
One vote was given to each of the seventeen provinces presented in the assembly, including
Five other provinces were still under Qing control. The protectorates in Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Tsinghai and Tibet were semi-independent. They did not participate this election.
Results
President
Vice-President
See also
History of Republic of China
President of the Republic of China
Vice President of the Republic of China
References
中央選舉委員會，中華民國選舉史，台北：中央選舉委員會印行，1987年
Presidential elections in the Republic of China (1912–1949)
1911 in China
China
December 1911 events |
```turing
#! /usr/bin/env perl
#
# in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
# path_to_url
use OpenSSL::Test::Simple;
simple_test("test_hmac", "hmactest");
``` |
The Picture of Dorian Gray (El retrato de Dorian Gray), is a 1969 Mexican telenovela, based on the 1890 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. The main character is the handsome young man called Dorian Gray (played by late Enrique Álvarez Félix).
Cast
Enrique Álvarez Félix as Dorian Gray
Carlos Bracho as Lord Henry
Carmen Montejo as Lady Wooton
Blanca Sánchez as Verónica
Nelly Meden as Elizabeth
Silvia Pasquel as Sybil Vane
Alicia Montoya
Claudia Islas
Anita Blanch as Lady Agatha
Héctor Sáez as James Vane
See also
Adaptations of The Picture of Dorian Gray
Notes
External links
The Picture of Dorian Gray
Televisa telenovelas
Spanish-language telenovelas
1969 telenovelas
1969 Mexican television series debuts
1969 Mexican television series endings
Works based on The Picture of Dorian Gray |
The 2017–18 Kent State Golden Flashes women's basketball team represents Kent State University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Golden Flashes, led by second year head coach Todd Starkey, play their home games at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, also known as the MAC Center, as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 13–19, 5–13 in MAC play to finish in fourth place in the West Division. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the MAC women's tournament where they lost to Buffalo.
Previous season
The Flashes finished the 2016–17 regular season with a 19–11 overall record and 13–5 in MAC play. They won their first East division title since 2005, clinching a share on March 1 and winning it outright on March 4.
Roster
Schedule
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| MAC regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| MAC Tournament
See also
2017–18 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team
References
Kent State
Kent State Golden Flashes women's basketball seasons
Kent State
Kent State |
Heinz Heimsoeth (12 August 1886 – 10 September 1975) was a German historian of philosophy.
Biography
He was born in Cologne. Heimsoeth began his studies at Heidelberg in 1905, but soon transferred to Berlin, where he studied with Wilhelm Dilthey, Alois Riehl, and Ernst Cassirer. Due to his interest in Kant he transferred in 1907 to Marburg, where he studied with Hermann Cohen and Paul Natorp. He graduated in 1911 with a thesis on Descartes. After a year studying in Paris with Henri Bergson he was habilitated with a thesis on Leibniz.
After two years teaching at Marburg, he was appointed Professor at the University of Königsberg in 1923. In 1931 he transferred to a chair in philosophy at Cologne.
After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 Heimsoeth himself joined the Nazi Party and was named Dean of his faculty, a position he held again in 1943/44. He became Professor Emeritus in 1954. He died in Cologne.
Works
Die sechs großen Themen der abendländischen Metaphysik und der Ausgang des Mittelalters, Stilke, Berlin 1922, Nachdruck der unveränderten 3. Auflage, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1987, , translated into English as The Six Great Themes of Western Metaphysics and The End Of The Middle Ages, Wayne State University Press, 1994,
Fichte, E. Reinhardt, München 1923
Metaphysik der Neuzeit, München/Berlin 1934, Nachdruck Oldenboug, München 1967
Geschichtsphilosophie, Bouvier, Bonn 1948
Metaphysische Voraussetzungen und Antriebe in Nietzsches "Immoralismus", Steiner, Mainz 1955
Windelband, Wilhelm: Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie. Mit einem Schlußkapitel "Die Philosophie im 20. Jahrhundert" und einer Übersicht über den Stand der philosophiegeschichtlichen Forschung, edited by Heinz Heimsoeth, Tübingen 1957,
Atom, Seele, Monade. Historische Ursprünge und Hintergründe von Kants Antinomie der Teilung, Steiner, Mainz 1960
Studien zur Philosophiegeschichte, Kölner Universitätsverlag, Köln 1961
Hegels Philosophie der Musik, Bouvier, Bonn 1964 (aus Hegel-Studien Bd. 2, 1963, S. 162 – 201)
Transzendentale Dialektik. Ein Kommentar zu Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 4 Bände, de Gruyter, Berlin 1966–71
Studien zur Philosophie Immanuel Kants, Bouvier, Bonn 2. Aufl. 1971,
Nicolai Hartmann und Heinz Heimsoeth im Briefwechsel, Frida Hartmann & Renate Heimsoeth (Hrsg.), Bonn, 1978.
References
"Heinz Heimsoeth", in: Ludwig J. Pongratz (ed.): Philosophie in Selbstdarstellungen. Vol. III. Hamburg 1975, pp. 102–132, 119.
1886 births
1975 deaths
Writers from Cologne
People from the Rhine Province
Heidelberg University alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
University of Marburg alumni
Academic staff of the University of Marburg
Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
Academic staff of the University of Cologne
German historians of philosophy
German male non-fiction writers
20th-century German philosophers |
The 1938 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1938. Democratic nominee John Moses defeated Republican nominee John N. Hagan with 52.47% of the vote.
Primary elections
Primary elections were held on June 28, 1938.
Democratic primary
Candidates
John Moses, former Mercer County State's Attorney
Oliver Rosenberg
Results
Republican primary
Candidates
John N. Hagan, North Dakota Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor
Thorstein H. H. Thoresen, incumbent Lieutenant Governor
Results
General election
Candidates
John Moses, Democratic
John N. Hagan, Republican
Results
References
1938
North Dakota
Gubernatorial |
The Marianao baseball club played in the Cuban Professional League from the 1922–1923 season through to the 1960–1961 season. The club represented the populous town of Marianao in Havana and played their games at La Tropicana Stadium, official site of the league.
History
According to some baseball historians, the Elefantes de Marianao (Marianao Elephants) was the first nickname used by the team. Although it is a little studied topic, the 1923-24 Billiken baseball card set includes pictures 15 cards each for each team that participated in the Cuban league during that season: Almendares, Habana, Santa Clara and Marianao. Indeed, Marianao players are wearing a uniform that shows the head of a white elephant on dark background.
At some point, the team wore gray uniforms and was recognized as the Marianao Frailes Grises (Grey Monks), probably a nickname based on the color of the robes of the Dominican and Augustinian monks that founded Marianao in 1719. Then, in 1948 the franchise was renamed as the Tigres de Marianao (Marianao Tigers), as they are usually cited, and also used a new uniform. Their flannels had black and orange piping with matching socks, perhaps recalling also those of its emblem, the tiger. The team contended until the 1960–1961 period, during what turned out to be the Cuban League's final season.
The Marianao squad participated in 27 Cuban league seasons, finishing in first place four times, second place six times, third place seven times, and in fourth place a league record ten times. The team posted a 729-861 record in 1,590 games for a .458 winning percentage, which was the worst mark of the four Cuban league teams to play over 1,000 games.
Marianao, managed by Merito Acosta, won its first title in the 1922–1923 season, to become the only team after Habana to win the league championship in its inaugural season. They earned its second championship in the 1936–1937 campaign, managed by Martin Dihigo, and clinched consecutive titles in the 1956–1957 and 1957–1958 seasons, guided by Napoleón Reyes. The latter two seasons they won the Caribbean Series, the only Series where they participated, becoming also the first team to win twice in the event's history.
Following the 1959 Cuban Revolution, political tensions rose with the Fidel Castro government. In March 1961, one month after the regular Cuban baseball season ended, the regime decreed the abolition of professional baseball in Cuba.
Facts
During the 1943–1944 season, the Marianao team became part of three rare occurrences in Cuban baseball history.
On December 2, 1943, Ramón Roger of the Elefantes de Cienfuegos pitched 11 scoreless innings against them in one game that went 20 innings and lasted four hours and 25 minutes, the longest game ever played in Cuban baseball history. Roger was credited with the victory, 6–5. Meanwhile, Luis Tiant Sr. blanked Cienfuegos for 14 innings, but was victimized by an error by shortstop Oral (Mickey) Burnette and suffered a heartbreaking loss.
A few days later on December 11, Habana pitcher Manuel García hurled a no-hit, no-run game against Marianao at La Tropicana Stadium. It turned in to be the first no-hitter pitched at La Tropicana since its opening in 1930. Also in the same game, the Marianao infield executed the first triple play at the La Tropical grounds.
Notable players
José Acosta
Merito Acosta
Julio Bécquer
Harold Bevan
Jim Bunning
Jack Calvo
Tony Castaño
Pelayo Chacón
Sandalio Consuegra
Ray Dandridge
Solly Drake
Charlie Dressen
Freddie Fitzsimmons
Pedro Formental
Mike Fornieles
Silvio García
Billy Herman
Buck Leonard
Adolfo Luque
Conrado Marrero
Minnie Miñoso
Willy Miranda
Don Newcombe
Roberto Ortiz
Emilio Palmero
Pedro Ramos
Lázaro Salazar
Hank Schreiber
Bob Shaw
Hal Smith
Milton Smith
José Valdivielso
Bill Werle
Casey Wise
See also
1957 Caribbean Series Summary
1958 Caribbean Series Summary
References
External links
Franchise history at Seamheads.com
Cuban League teams
Defunct baseball teams in Cuba |
Field of blood may refer to:
Akeldama (from the Aramaic: "field of blood"), a place associated with Judas Iscariot in Jerusalem
Battle of Ager Sanguinis, near Sarmada in Syria on June 28, 1119
The Field of Blood (TV series), a 2011 BBC miniseries, based on the 2005 novel of the same name
"Fields of Blood; Harvesters of Hate", a song by Sentenced from the 1993 album North from Here
Fields of Blood, 2014 book by Karen Armstrong |
```smalltalk
"
`AthensCanvas` instance is a central object which is used to perform drawings on a surface.
Please note, that Athens does not allow you to instantiate canvas directly, instead you obtain a ready to use instance as an argument in `#drawDuring:` message, sent to athens surface:
```
surface drawDuring: [:canvas | .... ]
```
Using canvas outside a `#drawDuring:` method is highly discouraged. Doing so may lead to unpredicted behavior/data corruption/image crash.
"
Class {
#name : 'AthensCanvas',
#superclass : 'Object',
#instVars : [
'paint',
'surface',
'shape',
'fontRenderer',
'paintMode',
'paintCache'
],
#category : 'Athens-Core-Base',
#package : 'Athens-Core',
#tag : 'Base'
}
{ #category : 'instance creation' }
AthensCanvas class >> new [
self error: 'An AthensCanvas are created with on:'
]
{ #category : 'private' }
AthensCanvas class >> on: aSurface [
^ self basicNew initializeWithSurface: aSurface
]
{ #category : 'caching' }
AthensCanvas >> cacheAt: anObject ifAbsentPut: aBlock [
^ surface cacheAt: anObject ifAbsentPut: aBlock
]
{ #category : 'clipping' }
AthensCanvas >> clipBy: aRectangle during: aBlock [
"Set a clipping rectangle during drawing operations performed in aBlock.
Note that the clipping rectangle is intersected with the currently active clipping rectangle"
^surface clipBy: aRectangle during: aBlock
]
{ #category : 'paths' }
AthensCanvas >> createPath: aPathCreatingBlock [
"Create new path. A path creating block should be a monadic block,
which will get a path builder instance as argument. See AthensPathBuilder
for available protocol.
The resulting path object can be later used for drawing.
"
^ surface createPath: aPathCreatingBlock
]
{ #category : 'paths' }
AthensCanvas >> createRectanglePath: aRectangle [
^ surface createRectanglePath: aRectangle
]
{ #category : 'masking' }
AthensCanvas >> disableMask [
^ surface disableMask
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
AthensCanvas >> draw [
"Fill the currently selected shape with currently selected paint"
^ shape paintFillsUsing: paint on: self
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
AthensCanvas >> draw: anObject [
"A generic dispatch method to draw anObject on receiver.
the object should understand #drawOnAthensCanvas: message"
^ anObject drawOnAthensCanvas: self
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
AthensCanvas >> drawShape: anObject [
"A convenience method, which sets the current shape to anObject and then fills it
with currently selected paint"
self
setShape: anObject;
draw
]
{ #category : 'drawing text' }
AthensCanvas >> drawString: aString [
"Draw a string using currently selected font.
Answer a total advance of rendered string "
^ fontRenderer renderCharacters: aString from: 1 to: aString size
]
{ #category : 'drawing text' }
AthensCanvas >> drawString: aString from: start to: end [
"Draw a portion of string using currently selected font.
Answer a total advance of rendered portion"
^ fontRenderer renderCharacters: aString from: start to: end
]
{ #category : 'masking' }
AthensCanvas >> enableMask [
^ surface enableMask
]
{ #category : 'caching' }
AthensCanvas >> flushCacheAt: anObject [
"Flush (delete) any cached value(s) identified by given object, anObject.
A surface using identity comparison for object identifiers.
Answer receiver.
"
surface flushCacheAt: anObject
]
{ #category : 'initialization' }
AthensCanvas >> initializeWithSurface: anAthensSurface [
surface := anAthensSurface
]
{ #category : 'clipping' }
AthensCanvas >> isVisible: aRectangle [
"Check if rectangle are not fully clipped by current clipping coordinates"
^ true
]
{ #category : 'accessing' }
AthensCanvas >> paint [
^ paint
]
{ #category : 'paint' }
AthensCanvas >> paintCache [
^ paintCache ifNil: [
paintCache := LRUCache new maximumWeight: 100 ]
]
{ #category : 'accessing' }
AthensCanvas >> paintMode [
"Answer the current paint mode controller.
The answered object should conform to AthensPaintMode public protocol."
^ paintMode
]
{ #category : 'transformation matrices' }
AthensCanvas >> paintTransform [
"Answer the paint transformation matrix controller.
The answered object should conform to AthensTransform public protocol."
^ surface paintTransform
]
{ #category : 'transformation matrices' }
AthensCanvas >> pathTransform [
"Answer the path transformation matrix controller.
The answered object should conform to AthensTransform public protocol."
^ surface pathTransform
]
{ #category : 'drawing text' }
AthensCanvas >> setFont: aFont [
"Set the current font of receiver. Font object should answer a glyph renderer instance,
compatible with glyph renderer protocol"
^ fontRenderer := aFont glyphRendererOn: surface
]
{ #category : 'paint' }
AthensCanvas >> setPaint: aPaint [
"set the current paint of receiver"
paint = aPaint ifTrue:[ ^ paint ].
paint := self paintCache at: aPaint ifAbsentPut: [ aPaint asAthensPaintOn: self ].
^ paint
]
{ #category : 'accessing' }
AthensCanvas >> setShape: anObject [
"Set the current shape of receiver"
shape := anObject asAthensShapeOn: self
]
{ #category : 'paint' }
AthensCanvas >> setStrokePaint: aPaint [
"use paint as stroke paint, note conversion to #asStrokePaintOn:"
paint := (aPaint asAthensPaintOn: self) asStrokePaintOn: self.
^ paint
]
{ #category : 'accessing' }
AthensCanvas >> surface [
"Answer an Athens surface, to which receiver is bound to"
^ surface
]
``` |
Cyrnotheba is a genus of air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae.
Species
Species within the genus Cyrnotheba include:
Cyrnotheba corsica
References
Helicidae
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Dave Mohammad (born 8 October 1979) is a former West Indian cricketer. He is a slow left-arm wrist-spin bowler, and bats left-handed.
Having played only three first-class matches for Trinidad and Tobago, Mohammad was called up to the West Indies squad for the third Test against South Africa in March 2001, but did not make his Test debut until January 2004, again against South Africa. After one further Test against England Mohammad lost the spinner's position to Omari Banks.
Following a productive domestic season in 2006, Mohammad was recalled firstly to the West Indies One Day International (ODI) side, and subsequently to the Test side, for the series against India. A match-winning performance in the final ODI was followed by a half century in the first Test at Antigua, which led to the West Indies hanging on for a draw with one wicket remaining. He played in a subsequent series against Pakistan, where he impressed with his lower-order batting.
1979 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago cricketers
West Indies Test cricketers
West Indies One Day International cricketers
Antigua Hawksbills cricketers |
Emanuel "Manny" Ax (born 8 June 1949) is a Grammy-winning American classical pianist. He is a teacher at the Juilliard School.
Early life
Ax was born to a Polish-Jewish family in Lviv, Ukraine, (in what was then the Soviet Union) to Joachim and Hellen Ax. Both parents were Nazi concentration camp survivors. Ax began to study piano at the age of six; his father was his first piano teacher. When he was seven the family moved to Warsaw, Poland (where he studied piano playing at Miodowa school), and then two years later to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, where he continued to study music, including as a member of The Junior Musical Club of Winnipeg. In 1961, the family moved to New York City and Ax continued his studies at the Juilliard School under Mieczysław Munz. In 1970, he received his B.A. in French at Columbia University and became an American citizen. The same year, he received an honorable mention at the VIII International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw. In 1973 he won the Young Concert Artists International Auditions.
Musical style
Ax is a particular supporter of contemporary composers and has given three world premieres in the last few seasons; Century Rolls by John Adams, Seeing by Christopher Rouse and Red Silk Dance by Bright Sheng. He also performs works by such diverse figures as Michael Tippett, Hans Werner Henze, Joseph Schwantner, Arnold Schoenberg and Paul Hindemith, as well as more traditional composers such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Chopin.
Ax has been the main duo recital partner of cellist Yo-Yo Ma since August 3, 1973 when the pair performed its first public recital at the Marlboro Music School and Festival. They have recorded much of the cello/piano repertoire together. Ax also played quartets briefly with Ma and violinists Isaac Stern and Jaime Laredo. Before the quartet disbanded in 2001 due to the death of Stern, they recorded works for Sony by Brahms, Fauré, Beethoven, Schumann and Mozart. Ax is also a featured guest artist in a documentary film about the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and Peter Oundjian, Five Days in September; the Rebirth of an Orchestra.
In 1997, Ax was the music director of the Ojai Music Festival alongside the conductor Daniel Harding.
He holds honorary doctorates of music from Yale University (awarded in May 2007) and Columbia University. He is a recipient of Yale University's Sanford Medal.
Personal life
Ax lives in New York City with his wife, pianist Yoko Nozaki, and has two children. He converses in fluent Polish with his family at home.
Ax co-constructed the April 19, 2017 New York Times Crossword Puzzle and is one of the ambassadors to Music Traveler, together with Billy Joel, Hans Zimmer, John Malkovich, Sean Lennon, and Adrien Brody.
Discography
Partial Discography
1981:
Beethoven: Complete Sonatas for Cello and Piano, Vol. 1 (with Yo-Yo Ma)
1984:
Beethoven: Complete Sonatas for Cello and Piano, Vol. 2 (with Yo-Yo Ma)
Chopin: Piano Concertos 1 Op.11 E minor and 2 Op.21 F minor, recorded 1978 and 1980 (with Philadelphia Orchestra cond. Eugene Ormandy)
1985:
Brahms: Sonatas for Cello and Piano (with Yo-Yo Ma)
1986:
Beethoven: Complete Sonatas for Cello and Piano, Vol. 3 (with Yo-Yo Ma)
1988:
Schumann: Cello Concerto | Fantasiestücke, Op. 73 | Adagio and Allegro, Op. 70 | Fünf Stücke im Volkston, Op. 102 (with Yo-Yo Ma)
Dvořák: Piano Trios (with Yo-Yo Ma and Young Uck Kim)
Shostakovich: Piano Trio | Cello Sonata (with Yo-Yo Ma)
1989:
Strauss and Britten: Cello Sonatas (with Yo-Yo Ma)
1990:
Brahms: The Piano Quartets (with Yo-Yo Ma, Isaac Stern, and Jaime Laredo)
1991:
Prokofiev and Rachmaninoff: Cello Sonatas (with Yo-Yo Ma)
1992:
Brahms: 'Sonatas for Cello and Piano (with Yo-Yo Ma)
1993:
Faure: Piano Quartets (with Yo-Yo Ma, Isaac Stern, and Jaime Laredo)
1994:Chopin: Chamber Music (tracks 1-9, with Yo-Yo Ma (tracks 1-9), Pamela Frank (tracks 1-4), and Ewa Osinska (track 10))Beethoven, Schumann: Piano Quartets (with Yo-Yo Ma, Isaac Stern, and Jaime Laredo)
1995:Brahms, Beethoven, Mozart: Clarinet Trios (with Yo-Yo Ma and Richard Stoltzman)
1996:
Lieberson: King Gesar; Corigliano: Phantasmagoria (with Yo-Yo Ma (all tracks), tracks 1-7: Omar Ebrahim, Peter Serkin, Andras Adorjan, Deborah Marshall, William Purvis, David Taylor, Stefan Huge, and Peter Lieberson)
Schubert: Trout Quintet; Arpeggione Sonata (with Yo-Yo Ma (tracks 1-8), Pamela Frank (tracks 1-5), Rebecca Young (tracks 1-5), Edgar Meyer (tracks 1-5), and Barbara Bonney (track 9))
1997:Mozart: The Piano Quartets (with Yo-Yo Ma, Isaac Stern, and Jaime Laredo)
1999:Dvořák: Piano Quartet No.2 | Brahms: Sonata for Piano and Cello in D major, op. 78 (with Yo-Yo Ma, Isaac Stern (tracks 1-4), and Jaime Laredo (tracks 1-4))
2010:Mendelssohn: Piano Trios and Songs without Words | Beethoven Ghost Piano Trio (with Yo-Yo Ma, Itzhak Perlman (tracks 1-8), Pamela Frank (track 14))
Awards and recognitions
1972 – Seventh Prize, Queen Elisabeth Competition in Brussels.
1974 – Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel Aviv
1979 – Avery Fisher Prize in New York City
2007 – Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2009 – Member of the American Philosophical Society
2013 – Echo Klassik Award for Solo Recording of the Year (19th century music/Piano) for his Variations recording of works by Beethoven, Haydn and Schumann.
Award of Excellence, The International Center in New York
Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance:
Emanuel Ax and Yo-Yo Ma for Brahms: Cello and Piano Sonatas in E Minor and F (1986)
Emanuel Ax and Yo-Yo Ma for Beethoven: Cello and Piano Sonata No. 4 in C & Variations (1987)
Emanuel Ax, Jaime Laredo, Yo-Yo Ma and Isaac Stern for Brahms: Piano Quartets (Op. 25 and 26) (1992)
Emanuel Ax and Yo-Yo Ma for Brahms: Sonatas for Cello & Piano (1993)
Emanuel Ax, Yo-Yo Ma and Richard Stoltzman for Brahms/Beethoven/Mozart: Clarinet Trios (1996)
Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra):
Emanuel Ax for Haydn: Piano Sonatas, Nos. 32, 47, 53, 59 (1995)
Emanuel Ax for Haydn: Piano Sonatas Nos. 29, 31, 34, 35 & 49'' (2004)
See also
List of Poles
References
External links
Official website
Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks
Emanuel Ax and Tom Kornberg: Scientist and Musician- Beethoven’s Cello Sonata No. 3 in A major, 1st movement
, WNCN-FM, April 16, 1982
Interview with Emanuel Ax by Bruce Duffie, April 15, 1999
1949 births
American classical pianists
American male classical pianists
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American classical musicians
Jewish classical pianists
Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Juilliard School faculty
Piano pedagogues
Living people
Musicians from Lviv
Polish classical pianists
Polish expatriates in Canada
Polish emigrants to the United States
20th-century American pianists
21st-century classical pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American Jews
Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Competition |
Petko Bocharov (19 February 1919 – 2 March 2016) was a Bulgarian journalist and translator. He became the oldest active journalist in the world before his death and is a well-known figure in Bulgarian culture.
Biography
Bocharov was born on 19 February 1919 in Sofia, Bulgaria. He graduated from the American College of Sofia and then went on to read law in Sofia University. Bocharov was an agent for the Committee for State Security in Bulgaria from 1946 to 1982. Bocharov started working for the Bulgarian News Agency in 1952, eventually rising to deputy-chief contributing editor. He retired in 1983. Bocharov died on March 2, 2016, aged 97, after a brief illness.,
See also
List of journalists
List of Bulgarians
List of Bulgarian journalists
References
Bulgarian editors
Journalists from Sofia
Bulgarian translators
Bulgarian memoirists
1919 births
2016 deaths
20th-century translators |
The white-headed petrel (Pterodroma lessonii), also known as the white-headed fulmar, is a species of seabird in the petrel family, Procellariidae. It is about in length.
White-headed petrels breed alone or in colonies in burrows dug among tussocks and herbfields on subantarctic islands.
Diet
They appear to feed pelagically on cephalopods and crustaceans.
Description
The white-headed petrel distinct with a pale white head and prominent dark eye patch. It has long narrow wings and long pointed tail. The upper surface is pale grey which is contrasting with darker grey on the upper wings and the rump. The underside is mostly white. The bill is stout black with a large sharp hook. Green glands are prominent. The legs are pinkish to whitish with black patches on the toes.
Voice
The calls are mainly higher-pitched shrill whistles ti-ti-ti or wik-wik-wik and lower-pitched moans ooo-er and or-wik sounds.
References
Marchant and Higgins. (1990). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Vol.1. Oxford University Press: Melbourne.
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet
white-headed petrel
Birds of the Indian Ocean
Birds of subantarctic islands
white-headed petrel
white-headed petrel |
For the results of the Colombia national football team, see:
Colombia national football team results (1938–1979)
Colombia national football team results (1980–1999)
Colombia national football team results (2000–2019)
Colombia national football team results (2020–present) |
```java
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.flowable.eventregistry.model;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
public class ChannelModel {
protected String key;
protected String category;
protected String name;
protected String description;
// inbound or outbound
protected String channelType;
// jms, rabbitmq, kafka etc
protected String type;
protected JsonNode extension;
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
public void setKey(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
public String getCategory() {
return category;
}
public void setCategory(String category) {
this.category = category;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public String getChannelType() {
return channelType;
}
public void setChannelType(String channelType) {
this.channelType = channelType;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public JsonNode getExtension() {
return extension;
}
public void setExtension(JsonNode extension) {
this.extension = extension;
}
}
``` |
Charles Roger Radebe (born 16 December 1995) is a South African professional rugby union player who most recently playing for the . He usually plays on the wing.
Rugby career
2013–2014 : Schools and Under-19 rugby
Radebe first earned a provincial selection in 2013, when he represented the George-based at the Under-18 Academy Week held at Glenwood High School in Durban. He helped his side to victories in all three their matches, scoring a try in their 32–7 victory over Eastern Province in their final match. He was also included in the squad that played in the 2013 Under-19 Provincial Championship, starting their final two matches of the regular season, as well as their 24–29 semi-final defeat to in Vanderbijlpark.
He again represented in the 2014 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He didn't play in their first match, but featured in their remaining six matches, starting five of those. He got his first tries at this level, scoring in a 17–32 defeat to in his second appearance and in a 60–5 victory over . SWD failed to qualify for the semi-finals, however, finishing in sixth position on the log.
2015 : SWD Eagles
Despite still being in the Under-20 age group, Radebe was included in the ' squad for their 2015 Currie Cup qualification campaign. He made his first class debut by starting in a 28-all draw against the in George in Round Four of the competition and made further starts in their remaining two matches against the and . The SWD Eagles finished bottom of the log, therefore failing to progress to the 2015 Currie Cup Premier Division, instead qualifying to the First Division. Radebe started four of their five matches during the First Division regular season, which saw an upturn in fortunes for his side, winning four and losing one match, with Radebe scoring his first senior try in their only defeat against the and a hat-trick of tries in their 57–14 victory over the . The SWD Eagles finished in third position on the log to qualify for a semi-final tie against the . Radebe started this match and scored another try to help his side to a 47–40 victory to qualify for the final. He also started their final against the , but could not help his side to glory, with the team from Potchefstroom winning 44–20 to clinch the First Division title. Radebe's five tries made him the SWD Eagles' top scorer in the competition and joint-second overall behind the Leopards' Juan Language.
2016–present : Southern Kings
At the start of 2016, Radebe was named in the squad for the 2016 Varsity Cup before playing in friendly matches for the SWD Eagles against Super Rugby sides the and the Southern Kings. Shortly after those matches, he joined the Kings for a trial period and a week later, he was included on the bench for the Port Elizabeth-based Super Rugby franchise's opening match of the 2016 Super Rugby season against the .
References
South African rugby union players
Living people
1995 births
People from Oudtshoorn
Rugby union wings
SWD Eagles players
Southern Kings players
Rugby union players from the Western Cape |
Fatos Tarifa (born 21 August 1954) is a social scientist and a former diplomat from Albania.
Education
Tarifa has a double doctorate, with a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a doctorate in Political Science from the University of Tirana. He has been, inter alia, a lecturer, a researcher and a distinguished visiting fellow since 1981, when he joined the School of Political Science and Law at the University of Tirana. In 1992 he was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship at the Department of Sociology at UNC Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Career
Tarifa served as Albanian ambassador to the Netherlands (1998–2001) and to the United States (2001–2005). Currently he is Professor of Sociology and International Relations, and Director of the Institute for Studies on Democracy and Development at the University of New York Tirana. Tarifa has taught and conducted research at the University of Tirana, the European University of Tirana, the Institute of Social Studies at The Hague, Webster University (Leiden, the Netherlands), Campbell University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Eastern Michigan University and he has delivered lectures at institutions of higher education throughout the world, such as Duke University, Stanford University, New York University, Harvard University, Brown University, the University of California at Berkeley, Tufts University, the University of Essex, and the University of Amsterdam.
Tarifa has authored, co-authored and edited 45 books and more than 90 journal articles. His books and articles have covered topics ranging from democratic transition and social issues in Eastern Europe to Human development, and current international affairs. In 1998 he became the founding Editor of "Sociological Analysis", an innovative, international scholarly journal published at Chapel Hill, NC, which he edited for 15 years. He serves as a member of the International Advisory Board of the "Journal of Social Sciences" and the "Journal of Applied Social Science".
Dr. Tarifa will probably be best remembered as the leader of a campaign to introduce the discipline of sociology into higher education in Albania. He is widely considered to be "the founder of sociological studies in Albania, and one of the country's most prominent social scientists". Tarifa has "already earned the title of father of Albanian sociology, a moniker he has generally resisted".
Main publications
The First Decade and After (2000) –
The Breakdown of State Socialism and the Emerging Post-Socialist Order (2001) –
Culture, Ideology, and Society (2001) –
The Quest for Legitimacy and the Withering Away of Utopia (2001) –
The Balkans: A Mission neither Accomplished nor Impossible (2002) –
To Albania, with Love (2007) –
Europe Adrift on the Wine-Dark Sea (2007) –
[Social Life as Sociological Experience] (2007) –
[The Tale of Two Continents] (2007) –
Vengeance is Mine: Justice Albanian Style (2008) –
[Americanophobia and Anti-Americanism in Europe] (2008) –
[Ununited Europe] (2009) –
[The Paradigm of Democratic Transition] (2009) –
[The Defeated Warriors of the anti-Kadare Crusade] (2010) –
[Europe's Renaissance] (2010) –
[The Fate of a Century] (2010) –
Letters to America / Letra Amerikes (2011) –
[The Dynamics of Pluralizing Modernity] (2012) -
[Politics and History] (2012) -
[Knowledge, the University, and Democracy] (2012) -
[The Impossibility of the European Project] (2013) -
[The Sciences of Society: Sociology as an Integrative Discipline for the Study of Social Life] with a Foreword by Anthony Giddens (2013) -
[Clash of Civilizations? Radical Islam in Historical and Political Contexts] (2013) -
[Higher Education for an Open Society] (2013) -
[Politics as Grammar and Metaphor] (2014) -
[The Sociological Imagination and Our Social World] (2014) -
[A World Loaded for the 21st Century] (2014) -
Bona fide (2014) -
[Vengeance is Mine: The Social Morphology and Moral Grammar of Vengeance] (2014)
Sources
.
.
1954 births
Living people
20th-century Albanian writers
University of Tirana alumni
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Ambassadors of Albania to the Netherlands
Date of birth missing (living people)
Ambassadors of Albania to the United States
Academic staff of the University of Tirana
21st-century Albanian writers
Albanian male writers
Albanian-language writers
Campbell University faculty
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
Eastern Michigan University faculty
Academic staff of the International Institute of Social Studies
Albanian social sciences writers
20th-century male writers |
Puig de l'Àliga (Sant Pere de Torelló) is a mountain of Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 1,344 metres above sea level.
See also
Mountains of Catalonia
References
Mountains of Catalonia |
The Institute of Translation and Arabization (TAI) () is the first Saudi academic institute specialized in translation and Arabization services. It is one of Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University specialized Institutions.
About the Institute
Establishment
A Royal approval was issued regarding the establishment of the Institute of Translation and Arabization at Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University pursuant to the Higher Education Council's resolution number (39/66/1432) issued in the Council's sixty-sixth session and dated in Shawwal the 20th /1432 A.H. (18 September 2011) based on the University Council's resolution number (2220–1430-1431 A.H.) issued in the sixth session and dated in Jumad II the 17th/1431 A.H. (31 May 2010) The Institute started its work as of Muharram the 30th/1433 A.H. (25 December 2011) with the appointment of its first Dean. Despite the Institute's recent establishment, the University's efforts in translation and Arabization are long-standing and began since its establishment.
Vision
To make the Institute of Translation and Arabization a leading institution in conveying the enriched fields of science and knowledge in Islam, Arabic and humanities to the non-native speakers of Arabic. And to take part in Arabizing various fields of knowledge and science for the benefit of Arabic speakers.
Mission
To provide a motivational ground run by the best qualified staff in the fields of translation and Arabization in order to enrich the University disciplines with theoretical and applied knowledge from different languages in a way that would meet the needs of different community sectors and reflect the University's global mission.
Objectives
Reflecting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s global mission through the Institute's translation services to convey the achievements of scholars, researchers and faculty members in Saudi universities and scientific centers in the fields of humanities, Islamic and social sciences to beneficiaries worldwide.
Participating in realizing the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz’s vision in making a scholarly communication with the developed countries for mutual benefits and to boost interfaith and intercultural dialogue.
Enriching the scientific and cultural content of the University's scientific disciplines by Arabizing books and scientific references.
Presenting the University's clear image through reflecting its interest in Translation and Arabization.
Translating journals, books and distinguished research, issued by the University, to other languages.
Re-Arabizing scientific books that lost their Arabic origin.
Translating scientific terms, compiling terminological dictionaries in cooperation with the University's academic departments and similar scientific institutions and working on standardizing and publicizing them.
Assisting religious and legal bodies in Saudi Arabia in Arabizing terms related to their field of work.
Translating laws, regulations, agreements and documents.
Arabizing laws, regulations, agreements and documents.
Providing translation, interpretation and editing services to beneficiary bodies inside and outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Conducting research related to the field of translation.
Institute Services
Translation & Arabization
Research & Development
Training
Notes
References
Institute of Translation and Arabization
See also
Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
Educational organisations based in Saudi Arabia
2011 establishments in Saudi Arabia
Translation organizations
Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University
Organizations established in 2011 |
JAZZ: The Smithsonian Anthology is a six-CD, box-set released by Smithsonian Folkways that covers the history of jazz. The set includes 111 tracks with representative works from many styles, including big band, dixieland, free jazz, fusion, Latin jazz, swing, and smooth jazz. An accompanying 200-page book includes essays, analysis, and photographs.
Compilation and release
Following requests for an update to Martin Williams's Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz (1973), Smithsonian Folkways began the process of selecting music for a new anthology in late 2004. Over fifty acknowledged experts reviewed a list of 2,500 potential tracks and agreed that the set should represent the development of jazz through the 20th century. By March 2005, the Folkways staff had compiled a 300-page document explaining the positive and negative aspects of each potential selection.
Smithsonian Folkways formed a second executive committee of five members in June of the same year. To keep the price low the committee reduced their choices to 110 songs on six CDs. In making their decision, committee members concentrated on the historical impact of the recordings and significance of the musicians, rather than the recordings' commercial success.
After years of deliberation, the committee finalized the selections for the anthology. The committee then contacted more than 30 authors to write articles for the recordings that pertained to their areas of research. Smithsonian Folkways released the anthology on March 29, 2011.
Organization
JAZZ: The Smithsonian Anthology is organized chronologically, covering the history and development of the genre from 1899, the estimated date of composition of "Maple Leaf Rag", to 2003, the date of the latest recording. The book focuses on the individual tracks, describing each recording with two to three pages of liner notes. The executive committee chose, to place certain songs out of chronological arrangement in order to maximize the amount of space utilized on each disc.
The first disc opens with Dick Hyman's recording of "Maple Leaf Rag", a historically informed performance that imitates the precision of ragtime compositions on player pianos at the end of the 19th century. Midway through the set Sidney Bechet’s 1932 interpretation gives a "hot jazz" interpretation of the Rag. The final disc begins with a modern take on "Maple Leaf Rag," the 1976 recording by Anthony Braxton and Muhal Richard Abrams. Producer Richard Burgess notes these consecutive examples of how jazz progressed function as, "the pedagogical moment... A lot of the thinking behind the set was to make it good for jazz history, jazz appreciation courses."
Design
The design for JAZZ: The Smithsonian Anthology was created by Visual Dialogue, a graphic design company from Boston, Massachusetts. The company used the album cover design from Fred Ramsey’s Jazz series on Folkways Recordings by his wife Amelia as their inspiration modifying both color scheme and graphics to create an updated look and feel for the new product. The final box set consists of a 200-page hardcover text within an etched, plastic slipcover. Six pockets hold CDs in the final pages of the book.
The Anthology includes many photographs by the jazz photographer Herman Leonard.
Reception
Time magazine critic Douglas Wolk wrote, "Assembled over seven years, JAZZ: The Smithsonian Anthology is a 6-disc monolith with a 200-page book of liner notes – the best single introduction to America's first great musical form." In the Washington Post, JAZZ: The Smithsonian Anthology was recognized as, "a landmark achievement. It is the most important and most comprehensive collection of historical jazz recordings and will be a valuable educational tool for years to come. But the collection reaches beyond the classroom, capturing something of the spirit of America as well."
Track listing
Disc 1
"Maple Leaf Rag" – Dick Hyman – (1975)
"In Gloryland" – Bunk's Brass Band – (1945)
"Livery Stable Blues" – Original Dixieland Jazz Band – (1917)
"Dippermouth Blues" – King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band – (1923)
"The Stampede" – Fletcher Henderson And His Orchestra – (1926)
"Black Bottom Stomp" – Jelly Roll Morton and His Red Hot Peppers – (1926)
"Singin' the Blues (Till My Daddy Comes Home)" – Frankie Trumbauer And His Orchestra – (1927)
"Backwater Blues" – Bessie Smith and James P. Johnson – (1927)
"Black and Tan Fantasy" – Duke Ellington And His Orchestra – (1927)
"From Monday On" – Bix Beiderbecke & Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra – (1928)
"West End Blues" – Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five – (1928)
"Weather Bird" – Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines – (1928)
"That's a Serious Thing" – Eddie Condon's Hot Shots – (1929)
"Handful of Riffs" – Eddie Lang and Lonnie Johnson – (1929)
"You've Got to Be Modernistic" – James P. Johnson – (1930)
"Moten Swing" – Bennie Moten and His Kansas City Orchestra – (1932)
"Everybody Loves My Baby" – The Boswell Sisters – (1932)
"Maple Leaf Rag" – Sidney Bechet – (1932)
"Dinah" – Fats Waller and His Rhythm – (1935)
"Swing That Music" – Louis Armstrong and His Orchestra – (1936)
"Honky Tonk Train Blues" – Meade "Lux" Lewis – (1936)
"Mean To Me" – Billie Holiday with Teddy Wilson and His Orchestra – (1937)
"For Dancers Only" – Jimmie Lunceford and His Orchestra – (1937)
"One O'Clock Jump" – Count Basie and His Orchestra – (1937)
"Harlem Congo" – Chick Webb and His Orchestra – (1937)
Disc 2
"Minor Swing" – Quintette du Hot Club de France – (1937)
"Mary's Idea" – Mary Lou Williams with Andy Kirk and His Clouds of Joy – (1938)
"When Lights Are Low" – Lionel Hampton – (1939)
"Body and Soul" – Coleman Hawkins and His Orchestra – (1939)
"Honeysuckle Rose" – Benny Goodman and His Orchestra – (1939)
"Tiger Rag" – Art Tatum – (1940)
"Ko-Ko" – Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra – (1940)
"Hard Times" (Topsy Turvy) – Cab Calloway and His Orchestra – (1940)
"I Can't Believe That You're In Love With Me" – The Chocolate Dandies – (1940)
"Stardust" – Artie Shaw and His Orchestra – (1940)
"Let Me Off Uptown" – Gene Krupa and His Orchestra – (1941)
"Shaw 'Nuff" – Dizzy Gillespie's All-Star Quintette – (1945)
"Manteca" – Dizzy Gillespie and His Orchestra – (1947)
"Virgo" from The Zodiac Suite – Mary Lou Williams – (1945)
"Dexter Rides Again" – Dexter Gordon – (1946)
"I Want to Be Happy" – The Lester Young Buddy Rich Trio – (1946)
"Indiana" – Bud Powell – (1947)
"Embraceable You" – Charlie Parker Quintet – (1947)
"Four Brothers" – Woody Herman and His Orchestra – (1947)
"Misterioso" – Thelonious Monk Quartet – (1948)
"Lady Bird" – Tadd Dameron Sextet – (1948)
"Tanga" – Machito and His Afro-Cuban Orchestra – (1948)
"September in the Rain" – The George Shearing Quintet – (1949)
"WOW" – Lennie Tristano Sextet – (1949)
Disc 3
"Boplicity" – Miles Davis Nonet – (1949)
"The Golden Bullet" – Count Basie Octet – (1950)
"Popo" – Shorty Rogers and His Giants – (1951)
"Walkin' Shoes" – The Gerry Mulligan Quartet with Chet Baker – (1952)
"23 Degrees North, 82 Degrees West" – Stan Kenton – (1952)
"Daahoud" – Clifford Brown and the Max Roach Quintet – (1954)
"Django" – The Modern Jazz Quartet – (1954)
"The Preacher" – Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers – (1955)
"I'll Remember April" – Erroll Garner Trio – (1955)
"Jonaleh" – The Chico Hamilton Quintet – (1956)
"Tricrotism" – Lucky Thompson Trio – (1956)
"St. Thomas" – Sonny Rollins – (1956)
"Call For All Demons" – Sun Ra and His Arkestra – (1956)
"When I Grow Too Old to Dream" – Nat "King" Cole and His Trio – (1956)
"Stompin' at the Savoy" – Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald – (1957)
"Blues in the Closet" – Stan Getz and J.J. Johnson – (1957)
"Ol' Man River" – Oscar Peterson Trio – (1959)
"Summertime" – Miles Davis: orchestra under the direction of Gil Evans – (1958)
Disc 4
"Moanin'" – Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers – (1958)
"Meet B. B." – Count Basie and His Orchestra – (1958)
"So What" – Miles Davis Sextet – (1959)
"Giant Steps" – John Coltrane Quartet – (1959)
"Better Git It in Your Soul" – Charles Mingus – (1959)
"Blue Rondo à la Turk" – The Dave Brubeck Quartet – (1959)
"Ramblin'" – Ornette Coleman Quartet – (1959)
"Work Song" – Cannonball Adderley – (1960)
"Wrap your Troubles In Dreams" – Sarah Vaughan – (1960)
"My Favorite Things, Part 1" (Single Version) – John Coltrane Quartet – (1960)
"Waltz For Debby" – Bill Evans – (1961)
"‘Round Midnight" – George Russell Sextet – (1961)
"Cotton Tail" – Ella Fitzgerald with the Duke Ellington Orchestra – (1965)
Disc 5
"One by One" – Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers – (1963)
"The Girl From Ipanema" – Stan Getz and Astrud Gilberto – (1963)
"A Love Supreme Part I: Acknowledgement" – John Coltrane Quartet – (1964)
"E.S.P." – Miles Davis Quintet – (1965)
"Haig & Haig" – Clark Terry and the Bob Brookmeyer Quintet – (1966)
"King of the Road" – Jimmy Smith and Wes Montgomery – (1966)
"Isfahan" – Duke Ellington and His Orchestra – (1966)
"The New National Anthem" (from A Genuine Tong Funeral) – Gary Burton – (1967)
"Matrix" – Chick Corea – (1968)
"Miles Runs the Voodoo Down" – Miles Davis – (1969)
"Celestial Terrestrial Commuters" – Mahavishnu Orchestra – (1972)
"Watermelon Man" – Herbie Hancock – (1973)
"Long Yellow Road" – Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band – (1974)
"Jitney No. 2" – Cecil Taylor – (1974)
"Bright Size Life" – Pat Metheny – (1975)
Disc 6
"Maple Leaf Rag" – Anthony Braxton and Muhal Richard Abrams – (1976)
"Birdland" – Weather Report – (1976)
"My Song" – Keith Jarrett – (1977)
"Iya" – Irakere – (between 1973 and 1978)
"Bush Magic" – Art Ensemble of Chicago – (1980)
"Steppin'" – World Saxophone Quartet – (1981)
"The Glide Was in the Ride" – Steve Coleman Group – (1985)
"Manenberg (Revisited)" – Abdullah Ibrahim – (1985)
"Nothing Personal" – Michael Brecker – (1987)
"Airegin" – Tito Puente – (1989)
"Down the Avenue" – Wynton Marsalis Septet – (1992)
"Ting Ning" – Nguyên Lê – (1995)
"Kilayim" – Masada – (1997)
"Hey-Hee-Hi-Ho" – Medeski Martin & Wood – (1997)
"Neutralisme" – Martial Solal and Johnny Griffin – (1999)
"Suspended Night Variation VIII" – Tomasz Stańko – (2003)
Production Personnel
Executive Producers
Daniel E. Sheehy
Richard James Burgess
Atesh Sonneborn
Produced by
Richard James Burgess
Daniel E. Sheehy
John Edward Hasse
Executive Committee
David Baker
José Antonio Bowen
John Edward Hasse
Dan Morgenstern
Alyn Shipton
Credits
Track Notes Writers: Larry Appelbaum, David Baker, Rob Bamberger, Ed Berger, José Antonio Bowen, Anthony Brown, James Dapogny, Michael Dregni, Digby Fairweather, Will Friedwald, Ted Gioia, John Edward Hasse, Willard Jenkins, Robin D. G. Kelley, Tammy Kernodle, Gene Lees, George E. Lewis, Steven Loza, Jeffrey Magee, John McDonough, Robert O'Meally, Lewis Porter, Bruce Boyd Raeburn, Loren Schoenberg, Gunther Schuller, Alyn Shipton, John Szwed, Jeffrey Taylor, Terry Teachout, and Michael Zilber
Images: CTS Images, Frank Driggs Collection, Guy Fonck, Andy Freeberg, Institute of Jazz Studies (Rutgers University), Richard Laird, Arturo Sandoval, Duncan Schiedt Collection, Lee Tanner/The Jazz Image, and Jack Vartoogian/FrontRowPhotos
Advisory Panel: Larrel Appelbaum, David Baker, Malcolm Baker, Rob Bamberger, José Antonio Bowen, Michael Brooks, Anthony Brown, Michael Cuscuna, Francis Davis, Raul Fernandez, Will Friedwald, Mark Gridley, Brian Harker, Willey Hill, Willard Jenkins, Orrin Keepnews, Tammy Kernodle, Bill Kirchner, Wolfran Knauer, Allen Lowe, Henry Martin, James McCalla, David Megill, Donald Megill, John Murphy, Peter O'Brien, Tim Owens, and Bob Porter
Compilation Mastered By: Pete Reiniger
Text Editing: Carla Borden and Bob Blumenthal
Fact-checking, Proofreading: Bob Blumenthal, Carla Borden, Richard James Burgess, James Deutsch, John Edward Hasse, Hannah Korn, Dan Morgenstern, Vincent Pelote, Arlene Reiniger, Lauren Shaw, Atesh Sonneborn, J. B. Weilepp
Project Director: Richard James Burgess
Production Manager: Mary Monseur
Production Assistance: Carolyn Kerchof, Darlene Richardson, and J.B. Weilepp
Photo Research: Caitlin Coad, John Edward Hasse, Tad Lathrop, Mary Monseur, J.B. Weilepp
Art Direction & Design: Visual Dialogue
Manufacturing: Tri-Plex Packaging
Notes
2011 compilation albums
Jazz compilation albums
Smithsonian Folkways compilation albums |
Bacha is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Bacha Khan (disambiguation)
Bacha Pathak, Indian politician
Bacha Zareen (1942–2012), Pakistani singer |
Artur Petrovych Mykytyshyn (; born 14 July 2003) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Oleksandriya.
Career
Mykytyshyn is a product of Shakhtar Donetsk youth sportive school system. He made his debut for Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League as a substitute player in the home match against Desna Chernihiv on 1 August 2021 which ended with a loss.
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
Ukrainian men's footballers
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
FC Mariupol players
III. Kerületi TVE footballers
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih players
FC Oleksandriya players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Nemzeti Bajnokság II players
Men's association football forwards
Ukraine men's youth international footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Footballers from Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
FC Shakhtar Donetsk players |
Jens Olaf Thorup Pedersen (6 July 1884 – 6 April 1972) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Danish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event.
References
External links
profile
1884 births
1972 deaths
Danish male artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Denmark
Olympic silver medalists for Denmark
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
A No-Doc or Low-doc loan (abbr: No/Low Documentation Loan) refers to loans that do not require borrowers to provide documentation of their income to lenders or do not require much documentation. It is a financial product commonly offered by a mortgage lender to consumers who cannot qualify for normal loan products because of fluctuating or hard-to-verify incomes, such as the self-employed, or to serve long time customers with strong credit. Applicants are often required to provide a substantial down payment, i.e. a larger deposit either through equity in security or personal savings.
Self-employed, unemployed, seasonal workers, and new immigrants generally struggle to meet strict requirements to qualify for loans. A loan with few to no documentation or credit history requirements is easier to qualify for, but generally carries a significantly higher interest rate.
Low Doc Loans
Residential low doc loans are designed for self-employed borrowers who cannot provide tax returns as evidence of their income. They still require some form of supporting evidence of the borrowers income, typically in the form of BAS statements, although some lenders will accept an accountant's declaration or bank statements.
The high levels of arrears from low doc loans originated prior to 2008 have caused lenders to use restrictive credit scoring for new low doc loan applications. For this reason the proportion of low doc loans written by the major banks has dropped significantly.
No Doc Loans
No doc loans do not require any supporting evidence of the borrowers income, just a declaration confirming that the borrower can afford the proposed repayments. This is known as an asset lend as the assessment of the loan is primarily focused on the saleability of the security property and the proposed exit strategy.
The loan must be National Consumer Credit Protection Act unregulated as they do not meet the NCCP requirement to reasonably verify the borrowers situation. For this reason most no doc loans are for business purposes or are for investment in something other than residential property.
Private money is the main source of no doc loans, often with interest rates charged at 2% to 6% per month (24% to 72% p.a.). Non-conforming lenders focus on the lower risk no doc loans and offer more competitive interest rates. With either lender type the term of the loan is usually six to twelve months and often has expensive fees or a high interest rate for extending the loan.
In Australia
Australian low–doc and no-doc loans were created primarily to give the self-employed the opportunity to obtain personal loans in circumstances where a lack of documentation such as payslips and group certificates would normally make this impossible. They usually entail a higher interest rate than standard loans. According to the Reserve Bank of Australia, low-doc loans represent around 5% of bank assets and borrowers using these loans are four times more likely to default than those on standard mortgages.
Controversy
These loans were widely abused by banks, mortgage brokers and borrowers and banks due to the minimal documentation requirements. During a Senate inquiry Australian banks were accused of giving low-doc loans to people who could not afford them and doctoring paperwork to make the loans appear viable. Regulations were eventually tightened in the wake of the GFC. Consumer advocate, Denise Brailey claimed to have seen around 400 low-doc or no-doc loan applications which all showed signs of tampering after being signed. One application showed a person on $40,000 per year as earning nearly $180,000 per year.
Elderly people were often targeted by banks such as Westpac and convinced to take out large loans on Ponzi scheme-type property and other investments, often promising high returns as a financial “nest egg”. Many investors lost their savings and/ or homes in through these schemes and some financial institutions have subsequently refused to give borrowers copies of their loan applications.
Documents were produced at the inquiry which showed bank business development managers promoting methods for mortgage brokers to subvert the lenders requirements. Senator John Williams has criticised the Australian Securities & Investments Commission's lack of action on the matter and called for a Royal Commission into the affair
One former mortgage broker of the year, Kate Thompson has admitted to using inflated figures for borrower’s assets and earnings. However she insists she was encouraged by banks to carry out this deception using financial tricks like claiming capital growth such as rising house prices as income. Thompson has also alleged that banks would on occasion go to her office to write up these applications themselves. As well as falsifying assets and incomes it has also been alleged that temporary ABN (Australian Business Numbers) were also set up to provide business loans to individuals. So far Westpac, Macquarie Bank, National Australia Bank, ANZ and the Commonwealth Bank have all been implicated in the affair. The MFAA has argued that the incidence of low-doc loan frauds prior to the GFC were “minuscule”.
In United States
No-doc loans are also controversial in the US. They had higher interest rates and higher fees. They became popular during the housing bubble of 2004-6.
Around 2005, low- and no-documentation loans stopped being an obscure and specialized type of loan for borrowers with fluctuating or hard-to-verify incomes,
and took on an entirely different character. Nonprime lenders now boasted they could offer borrowers the convenience of quicker decisions and not having to provide tons of paperwork. In return, they charged a higher interest rate. The idea caught on: from 2000 to 2007, low- and no-doc loans skyrocketed from less than 2% to roughly 9% of all outstanding loans. Among Alt-A securitizations, 80% of loans issued in 2006 had limited or no documentation. As William Black, a former banking regulator, testified before the FCIC, the mortgage industry’s own fraud specialists described stated income loans as “an open ‘invitation to fraud’ that justified the industry term ‘liar’s loans.’”
Angelo Mozilo's Countrywide Financial designed a "Fast-N-Easy loan for mortgage lender Fannie Mae. "It required no documentation of a borrower's income or assets and gave loans to borrowers who debt-to-income levels were far higher - 50% - than what was required by other lenders." During 2005 68% of “option ARM” loans originated by Countrywide and Washington Mutual had low- or no-documentation requirements.
According to Michael Calhoun of the Center for Responsible Lending, home buyers would come to lenders “with their W-2 and end up with a no-doc loan simply because the broker was getting paid more and the lender was getting paid more and there was extra yield left over for Wall Street because the loan carried a higher interest rate.”
References
Mortgage
Loans |
```javascript
Props in getInitialState Is an
Anti-Pattern
componentWillReceiveProps Not Triggered After Mounting
Keyed fragments in **React**
Prop Validation
Validate for required props
``` |
The Bonneterre Formation is an Upper Cambrian geologic formation which outcrops in the St. Francois Mountains of the Missouri Ozarks. The Bonneterre is a major host rock for the lead ores of the Missouri Lead Belt.
The Bonneterre Formation lies conformably on the Lamotte Sandstone and in places lies directly on the Proterozoic igneous core of the mountains. The Bonneterre is conformably overlain by the Davis Formation. In the outcrop area the Bonneterre has an average thickness of 375 to 400 feet. It is present in the subsurface throughout Missouri and has a maximum recorded thickness of 1580 feet under Pemiscot County in the Missouri Bootheel.
The formation is dominantly dolomite with areas or layers of pure limestone. A shaley or glauconitic zone occurs in the lower portion and the base contains sand and conglomerate or breccia where the formation overlaps the Lamotte and lies directly on the granite of the mountain core.
Fossil content
The formation has provided fossils of:
Monoplacophora
Hypseloconus bonneterrense
Irondalia
I. irondalensis
Kirengella washingtonense
Ulrichoconus
U. bonneterrense
Trilobites
Kingstoniidae
Blountia sp.
Tricrepicephalidae
Tricrepicephalus sp.
Gastropods
Tropidodiscidae
Strepsodiscus major
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Minnesota
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Illinois
Paleontology in Illinois
Paleontology in Minnesota
Paleontology in Missouri
Minaret Formation
References
Bibliography
Geologic formations of Illinois
Geologic formations of Minnesota
Geologic formations of Missouri
Cambrian System of North America
Cambrian Missouri
Cambrian Minnesota
Cambrian Illinois
Guzhangian
Dolomite formations
Reef deposits
Cambrian northern paleotemperate deposits
Paleontology in Missouri
Landforms of the Ozarks
St. Francois Mountains |
Aleksander Kolkowski (born 1959 in London) is a British musician and composer whose work combines instruments and machines from the pioneering era of sound recording and reproduction (Stroh violins, wind-up Gramophones, shellac discs and wax-phonograph cylinders) to make live mechanical-acoustic music. He lives and works in London, England.
About
Kolkowski studied music at the University of London, Goldsmiths College, violin with Clarence Myerscough at the Royal Academy of Music. Taught by John Tilbury, Hugh Davies and in 1982 participated in seminars and performances directed by John Cage. In the late 1970s, Kolkowski played on the then burgeoning punk rock scene in London, featuring on the records of Henry Badowski, an early member of The Damned, a British multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and composer, who was a member of several punk rock bands in the 1970s. Kolkowski played violins on Badowski's post punk album, Life Is a Grand..., alongside sometime Generation X (band) guitarist, James Stevenson (musician).
Over the past 25 years he has worked internationally as an improvising violinist, interpreter, solo performer and composer for dance, theatre and film (Sasha Waltz, Rose English, Corinna Harfouch and Anzu Furukawa among others). He created several mixed-media projects in the UK and in Germany together with artists, film-makers and choreographers. From 1996 to 2003 he was resident in Berlin.
His latest work combines instruments and machines from the pioneering era of sound recording and reproduction (Stroh instruments, wind-up Gramophones, shellac discs and wax-cylinder Phonographs) to make live mechanical-acoustic music. Since 1999, he has actively explored the potential of pre-electronic sound reproduction technology in live performance. This work has been shown in Germany, Holland, Poland, Italy, Austria and the US, and featured on WDR and Deutschlandradio radio stations.
In 2002 he founded Recording Angels, a series that examines our relationships to recorded sound using antiquated home-recording devices such as Phonographs and acetate record cutters in performances and installations. Projects include "Voices and Etchings" for 6 singers and Gramophones (Staatsbankberlin, 2003) and "Mechanical Landscape with Bird" (MaerzMusik, Berlin 2004), featuring live singing canaries, wax cylinder Phonograph recordings and a rotating horned string quartet.
Collaborations with artists include: Martin Riches, Apartment House, Kairos Quartett, Ute Wassermann, Anna Clementi, Aki Takase, Tony Buck, Hayley Newman, Phil Minton, Tristan Honsinger, Tony Oxley, Evan Parker, Sainkho Namchylak, Louis Moholo, Jon Rose, Matt Wand, Richard Barrett, Phill Niblock, Christian Wolff, Claus van Bebber, Boris Hegenbart, and many, many others.
Since 2013 Kolkowski is a collaborator in The X-Ray Audio Project by The Real Tuesday Weld frontman Stephen Coates. In 2015 Kolkowski was selected for a residency with the British Library Sound Archive.
Selection of works with gramophones and phonographs (2003–2007)
"The Saragossa Manuscript" (2007)
Composition of a live score for the classic polish baroque fantasy movie by Wojciech Has,
British Film Institute, London
"Recordette" (2007)
Installation-workshop for Transmediale 07, Berlin and Edition Edison.
Academy of Arts, Berlin
"What hath God wrought?” (2006)
Stroh String Quartet composition. Kettle's Yard, New Music Commission.
Performed by Apartment House String Quartet, Kettle's Yard, Cambridge, UK
BBC Radio 3 live recording and performance May/June 2007
"Horn Driver" (2006)
Duo performance with Boris Hegenbart [#/TAU]
Mechanical-acoustic music from a Stroh violin, Gramophone and Phonograph electronically manipulated and played back through the very same horns of the antique instrument and machines.
"Figs fly tiny" – for Glyn Perrin (2005)
Solo performance with Stroh cello, 2 musical saws, CD players, speakerdrivers and custom built electronics.
Festival Experimentelle Musik Munich
Recording Angels: "Cheep Imitation" (2004)
for Stroh violin, Serinette (bird organ), Gramophone, Phonograph with specially made recordings of birdsong on wax cylinders and 78 rpm acetate records – A collaboration with sound artist Martin Riches.
Commissioned by Stare über Berlin Birdsong symposium and new music festival, Berlin.
Seltsame Music, Festival, Klangforum Krems, Austria, Festival Experimentelle Musik Munich, and Festival of Exiles, Berlin
"Discography" (2004)
Schools project with artists Hayley Newman & Matt Wand. Field recordings, record cutting and cover art with pupils aged 11–13 years. Ikon Gallery, Birmingham
"Lac" (2004)
Collaboration with sound-artist and record producer Matt Wand (Hot Air). Record cutting and Phonograph recordings of electronic music, Futursonic Festival, Manchester
Recording Angels: "Mechanical Landscape with Bird" (2004)
for 8 singing canaries, Serinette (bird-organ), 2 Phonographs and a rotating string quartet with horned instruments.
Commissioned by Maerz Musik – Festival für aktuelle Musik, Sophiensæle, Berlin
"Portrait in Shellac" (2001–2004) – Solos for Stroh violin, 3 Gramophones, Phonograph, self-recorded acetate records and wax cylinders, sound-effects records.
Festival Experimentelle Musik, Munich
Recording Angels- "Quattro Ex Machina Part 1" (2002) and Part 3 (2003)
For flute, trombone, 2 Stroh violins and 4 Gramophones with self-recorded acetate discs.
Phonograph Arcade (2003)
Installation work with self-recorded Wax cylinders and Phonograph with attached earpieces.
Outer Ear Festival of Sound, Chicago
"Fürstinnen" (2003)
Theatre music and Gramophone/horn installation for Female Line.
Sophiensæle, Berlin
“Der Ring des Nibelungen” (2003)
Richard Wagner – Historic recordings on 78rpm and wax cylinders. Concert series with original archive recordings, historic Gramophones and Phonographs.
Deutsches Musikarchiv and Staatsbankberlin, Berlin
Claus van Bebber and Aleks Kolkowski – Turntable concerts with vinyl and shellac (2003)
Electric and acoustic reproduction.
Podewil and Staatsbankberlin, Berlin
Recording Angels – "Voices and Etchings" (2003 )
Concert and live Phonograph recordings with Anna Clementi and Phil Minton – vocals.
Quattro Ex Machina Part 2 for 4 singers, acetate disc recordings.
Staatsbankberlin, Berlin, Seltsame Musik Festival, Munich and Kontraste, Krems/Austria
Wireless – "Music for a Room" (2003)
A musical séance for Stroh violin, violinophone, tuba, Gramophones and Phonographs.
Konzerthaus Berlin
References
External links
Phonographies: A Wax Cylinder Archive, Recorded and Curated by Aleks Kolkowski
1959 births
Living people
Musicians from London
English composers
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music |
The Liberia Unification Party was a political party in Liberia.
The party fielded candidates in the 11 October 2005 elections as part of the four-party Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL).
In the 19 July 1997 legislative elections, the party was part of the Alliance of Political Parties, which won 2 out of 64 seats in the House of Representatives. While international observers deemed the polls administratively free and transparent, they noted that it had taken place in an atmosphere of intimidation because most voters believed that former rebel leader and National Patriotic Party (NPP) candidate Charles Taylor would return to war if defeated.
On 1 April 2009, it merged into the ruling Unity Party.
References
Defunct political parties in Liberia
Political parties disestablished in 2009 |
Diuris systena, commonly known as New England golden moths, is a species of orchid that is endemic to the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. It has two or three grass-like, narrowly linear leaves and up to four lemon yellow and brownish-green flowers.
Description
Diuris systena is a tuberous, perennial herb with two or three grass-like, linear leaves long and wide. Up to four lemon yellow flowers long are borne on a green flowering stem high. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, long, wide with a greenish-brown base and few faint stripes. The lateral sepals are brownish-green, sword-shaped and parallel to each other, long and wide. The petal blades are narrowly egg-shaped to narrowly elliptic, long and wide on a stalk long. The labellum is long with three lobes - the centre lobe egg-shaped, long and wide, the side lobes erect, linear to narrowly oblong, long and wide. The labellum callus consists of a central ridge with two hairy side ridges. Flowering occurs from late September to early November.
Taxonomy and naming
Diuris systena was first formally described in 2012 by David Jones and Lachlan Copeland in The Orchadian, from a specimen collected by Copeland near Ebor in 2006. The specific epithet (systena) means "tapering to a point", referring to the tip of the labellum mid-lobe.
Distribution and habitat
New England golden moths mostly grows around the edges of swamps and in soils derived from basalt near Ebor and from granite in the Cathedral Rock National Park on the Northern Tablelands of northern Ne South Wales.
References
systena
Orchids of New South Wales
Plants described in 2012
Taxa named by David L. Jones (botanist) |
Craig Schiffer (August 25, 1956 – December 23, 2014) was the former Chief Executive Officer of the Americas of Dresdner Kleinwort, based in New York, from 2003 to 2006. (In September 2009, after Dresdner Kleinwort was merged into Commerzbank, Commerzbank decided to abandon use of the Dresdner Kleinwort name, although pending legal actions resulting from disputed bonus payments continue to keep the bank in the spotlight.) In February 2009, Schiffer founded Sevara Partners LLC, a boutique financial advisory firm based in New York City which serves clients in the United States and Europe.
Schiffer has been a resident of Summit, New Jersey.
Career
Schiffer joined Dresdner Kleinwort in London in 2001 as a Managing Director and Executive Committee member in the Global Debt business. Shortly after, he moved to the New York office to be Head of Capital Markets, North America, becoming Chief Executive in early 2003. Under his tenure, he successfully restructured the New York and Latin American businesses from a U.S. $300 million loss in 2002 to a net operating profit of almost U.S. $300 million (on a U.S. $600 million revenue base in 2006). Craig Schiffer oversaw both the continuing businesses at Dresdner Kleinwort and the Institutional Restructuring Unit, Dresdner’s $9 billion “bad bank” in North America.
Prior to Dresdner Kleinwort, Schiffer headed Nomura International’s European Fixed Income Division, overseeing all of the capital markets and derivative businesses. At Nomura, he led the business to bottom line profitability for the first time ever in fiscal year 1999-2000. Schiffer joined Nomura in August 1997 where he was originally responsible for restructuring Nomura’s U.S. derivatives business, implementing robust risk management and achieving operating profitability. He then took on additional responsibility for Nomura’s proprietary businesses in Europe, which grew considerably under his tenure. He was a member of the European Management Board at Nomura International, responsible for strategy and the daily operations of the European businesses.
Prior to Nomura, Schiffer spent eighteen and a half years at Lehman Brothers. He served in a variety of management roles in both Fixed Income and Equities. As the Global Head of Equity Derivatives, Schiffer oversaw operations and concentrated on building the business, and before that, Schiffer was the Global Head of Fixed Income Derivatives (1992–1994), where he restructured and took the fixed income derivatives business from a marginal revenue producer and transformed it into one of the most profitable businesses at Lehman Brothers.
Sevara Partners LLC
Along with Neil Winward, most recently a member of Dresdner Kleinwort’s Executive Committee in New York until he left in December 2006, Schiffer started Sevara Partners LLC, a boutique investment bank. Neil Winward left to join EA Markets in October, 2012. In mid-January, 2013, the broker-dealer, Sevara Capital Markets, was sold to a unit of KKR & Co. and Schiffer ceased to be registered with FINRA.
Death
Schiffer was killed in an avalanche while skiing in Grenoble, France, on December 23, 2014.
References
External links
Sevara Partners LLC
American bankers
American chief executives of financial services companies
1956 births
2014 deaths
People from Summit, New Jersey
Natural disaster deaths in France
Deaths in avalanches |
Uktus Airport () is an airport in Russia located 20 km southeast of Yekaterinburg, on the site of the former Aramil military base. It is a small airfield 5 km south of the larger Koltsovo Airport. Google Earth images shows dozens of general aviation prop planes and five helicopters.
Airlines and destinations
References
External links
Official website
Airports built in the Soviet Union
Airports in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Buildings and structures in Yekaterinburg |
Excirolana is a genus of isopods in the family Cirolanidae. There are about 15 described species in Excirolana.
Species
Excirolana affinis (Jones, 1971)
Excirolana argentinae (Giambiagi, 1931)
Excirolana armata (Dana, 1853)
Excirolana braziliensis H. Richardson, 1912
Excirolana chamensis Brusca & Weinberg, 1987
Excirolana chilensis Richardson, 1912A
Excirolana chiltoni (H. Richardson, 1905)
Excirolana geniculata Jones, 1971
Excirolana hirsuticauda Menzies, 1962A
Excirolana latipes (Barnard, 1914B)
Excirolana linguifrons (H. Richardson, 1899)
Excirolana mayana (Ives, 1891)
Excirolana monodi Carvacho, 1977
Excirolana natalensis (Vanhoffen, 1914)
Excirolana orientalis (Dana, 1853)
References
Cymothoida
Isopod genera |
Corilla odontophora is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Corillidae.
Distribution
Distribution of Corilla odontophora includes Sri Lanka.
References
External links
Corillidae
Gastropods described in 1865
Taxa named by William Henry Benson |
Saint Bobo of Provence ( or Bobon, or Bobone; died 986) was a Frankish warrior and pilgrim from Noyers (Noghiers). He is known only from the anonymous biography Vita sancti Bobonis. He built a castle on a hill opposite the Muslim fortress of Fraxinet and led the Christians of Provence to victory in battle with the Muslims in an unknown year. During the battle he had a mystical experience and vowed, if victorious, to renounce war and become a pilgrim devoted to the care of orphans and widows. After the loss of his brother, he went on pilgrimage to Rome and died at Voghera in Lombardy.
Bobo is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. His feast day is May 22 and he is the patron saint of cattle.
Notes
Sources
Further reading
986 deaths
Medieval French knights
Frankish warriors
Saints of West Francia
People from Provence
Year of birth unknown
10th-century Christian saints
10th-century people from West Francia |
In computing, a compiler is a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language or computer language (the source language), into another computer language (the target language, often having a binary form known as object code or machine code). The most common reason for transforming source code is to create an executable program.
Any program written in a high-level programming language must be translated to object code before it can be executed, so all programmers using such a language use a compiler or an interpreter. Thus, compilers are very important to programmers. Improvements to a compiler may lead to a large number of improved features in executable programs.
The Production Quality Compiler-Compiler, in the late 1970s, introduced the principles of compiler organization that are still widely used today (e.g., a front-end handling syntax and semantics and a back-end generating machine code).
First compilers
Software for early computers was primarily written in assembly language, and before that directly in machine code. It is usually more productive for a programmer to use a high-level language, and programs written in a high-level language can be reused on different kinds of computers. Even so, it took a while for compilers to become established, because they generated code that did not perform as well as hand-written assembler, they were daunting development projects in their own right, and the very limited memory capacity of early computers created many technical problems for practical compiler implementations.
Between 1942 and 1945, Konrad Zuse developed ("plan calculus"), the first high-level language for a computer, for which he envisioned a ("plan assembly device"), which would automatically translate the mathematical formulation of a program into machine-readable punched film stock. However, the first actual compiler for the language was implemented only decades later.
Between 1949 and 1951, Heinz Rutishauser proposed Superplan, a high-level language and automatic translator. His ideas were later refined by Friedrich L. Bauer and Klaus Samelson.
The first practical compiler was written by Corrado Böhm in 1951 for his PhD thesis, one of the first computer science doctorates awarded anywhere in the world.
The first implemented compiler was written by Grace Hopper, who also coined the term "compiler", referring to her A-0 system which functioned as a loader or linker, not the modern notion of a compiler. The first Autocode and compiler in the modern sense were developed by Alick Glennie in 1952 at the University of Manchester for the Mark 1 computer. The FORTRAN team led by John W. Backus at IBM introduced the first commercially available compiler, in 1957, which took 18 person-years to create.
The first ALGOL 58 compiler was completed by the end of 1958 by Friedrich L. Bauer, Hermann Bottenbruch, Heinz Rutishauser, and Klaus Samelson for the Z22 computer. Bauer et al. had been working on compiler technology for the Sequentielle Formelübersetzung (i.e. sequential formula translation) in the previous years.
By 1960, an extended Fortran compiler, ALTAC, was available on the Philco 2000, so it is probable that a Fortran program was compiled for both IBM and Philco computer architectures in mid-1960. The first known demonstrated cross-platform high-level language was COBOL. In a demonstration in December 1960, a COBOL program was compiled and executed on both the UNIVAC II and the RCA 501.
Self-hosting compilers
Like any other software, there are benefits from implementing a compiler in a high-level language. In particular, a compiler can be self-hosted – that is, written in the programming language it compiles. Building a self-hosting compiler is a bootstrapping problem, i.e. the first such compiler for a language must be either hand written machine code, compiled by a compiler written in another language, or compiled by running the compiler's source on itself in an interpreter.
Corrado Böhm PhD dissertation
Corrado Böhm developed a language, a machine, and a translation method for compiling that language on the machine in his PhD dissertation submitted in 1951. He not only described a complete compiler, but also defined for the first time that compiler in its own language. The language was interesting in itself, because every statement (including input statements, output statements and control statements) was a special case of an assignment statement.
NELIAC
The Navy Electronics Laboratory International ALGOL Compiler or NELIAC was a dialect and compiler implementation of the ALGOL 58 programming language developed by the Naval Electronics Laboratory in 1958.
NELIAC was the brainchild of Harry Huskey – then Chairman of the ACM and a well known computer scientist (and later academic supervisor of Niklaus Wirth), and supported by Maury Halstead, the head of the computational center at NEL. The earliest version was implemented on the prototype USQ-17 computer (called the Countess) at the laboratory. It was the world's first self-compiling compiler – the compiler was first coded in simplified form in assembly language (the bootstrap), then re-written in its own language and compiled by the bootstrap, and finally re-compiled by itself, making the bootstrap obsolete.
Lisp
Another early self-hosting compiler was written for Lisp by Tim Hart and Mike Levin at MIT in 1962. They wrote a Lisp compiler in Lisp, testing it inside an existing Lisp interpreter. Once they had improved the compiler to the point where it could compile its own source code, it was self-hosting.
The compiler as it exists on the standard compiler tape is a machine language program that was obtained by having the S-expression definition of the compiler work on itself through the interpreter. (AI Memo 39)
This technique is only possible when an interpreter already exists for the very same language that is to be compiled. It borrows directly from the notion of running a program on itself as input, which is also used in various proofs in theoretical computer science, such as the proof that the halting problem is undecidable.
Forth
Forth is an example of a self-hosting compiler. The self compilation and cross compilation features of Forth are synonymous with metacompilation and metacompilers. Like Lisp, Forth is an extensible programming language. It is the extensible programming language features of Forth and Lisp that enable them to generate new versions of themselves or port themselves to new environments.
Context-free grammars and parsers
A parser is an important component of a compiler. It parses the source code of a computer programming language to create some form of internal representation. Programming languages tend to be specified in terms of a context-free grammar because fast and efficient parsers can be written for them. Parsers can be written by hand or generated by a parser generator. A context-free grammar provides a simple and precise mechanism for describing how programming language constructs are built from smaller blocks. The formalism of context-free grammars was developed in the mid-1950s by Noam Chomsky.
Block structure was introduced into computer programming languages by the ALGOL project (1957–1960), which, as a consequence, also featured a context-free grammar to describe the resulting ALGOL syntax.
Context-free grammars are simple enough to allow the construction of efficient parsing algorithms which, for a given string, determine whether and how it can be generated from the grammar. If a programming language designer is willing to work within some limited subsets of context-free grammars, more efficient parsers are possible.
LR parsing
The LR parser (left to right) was invented by Donald Knuth in 1965 in a paper, "On the Translation of Languages from Left to Right". An LR parser is a parser that reads input from Left to right (as it would appear if visually displayed) and produces a Rightmost derivation. The term LR(k) parser is also used, where k refers to the number of unconsumed lookahead input symbols that are used in making parsing decisions.
Knuth proved that LR(k) grammars can be parsed with an execution time essentially proportional to the length of the program, and that every LR(k) grammar for k > 1 can be mechanically transformed into an LR(1) grammar for the same language. In other words, it is only necessary to have one symbol lookahead to parse any deterministic context-free grammar (DCFG).
Korenjak (1969) was the first to show parsers for programming languages could be produced using these techniques. Frank DeRemer devised the more practical Simple LR (SLR) and Look-ahead LR (LALR) techniques, published in his PhD dissertation at MIT in 1969. This was an important breakthrough, because LR(k) translators, as defined by Donald Knuth, were much too large for implementation on computer systems in the 1960s and 1970s.
In practice, LALR offers a good solution; the added power of LALR(1) parsers over SLR(1) parsers (that is, LALR(1) can parse more complex grammars than SLR(1)) is useful, and, though LALR(1) is not comparable with LL(1)(See below) (LALR(1) cannot parse all LL(1) grammars), most LL(1) grammars encountered in practice can be parsed by LALR(1). LR(1) grammars are more powerful again than LALR(1); however, an LR(1) grammar requires a canonical LR parser which would be extremely large in size and is not considered practical. The syntax of many programming languages are defined by grammars that can be parsed with an LALR(1) parser, and for this reason LALR parsers are often used by compilers to perform syntax analysis of source code.
A recursive ascent parser implements an LALR parser using mutually-recursive functions rather than tables. Thus, the parser is directly encoded in the host language similar to recursive descent. Direct encoding usually yields a parser which is faster than its table-driven equivalent for the same reason that compilation is faster than interpretation. It is also (in principle) possible to hand edit a recursive ascent parser, whereas a tabular implementation is nigh unreadable to the average human.
Recursive ascent was first described by Thomas Pennello in his article "Very fast LR parsing" in 1986. The technique was later expounded upon by G.H. Roberts in 1988 as well as in an article by Leermakers, Augusteijn, Kruseman Aretz in 1992 in the journal Theoretical Computer Science.
LL parsing
An LL parser parses the input from Left to right, and constructs a Leftmost derivation of the sentence (hence LL, as opposed to LR). The class of grammars which are parsable in this way is known as the LL grammars. LL grammars are an even more restricted class of context-free grammars than LR grammars. Nevertheless, they are of great interest to compiler writers, because such a parser is simple and efficient to implement.
LL(k) grammars can be parsed by a recursive descent parser which is usually coded by hand, although a notation such as META II might alternatively be used.
The design of ALGOL sparked investigation of recursive descent, since the ALGOL language itself is recursive. The concept of recursive descent parsing was discussed in the January 1961 issue of Communications of the ACM in separate papers by A.A. Grau and Edgar T. "Ned" Irons. Richard Waychoff and colleagues also implemented recursive descent in the Burroughs ALGOL compiler in March 1961, the two groups used different approaches but were in at least informal contact.
The idea of LL(1) grammars was introduced by Lewis and Stearns (1968).
Recursive descent was popularised by Niklaus Wirth with PL/0, an educational programming language used to teach compiler construction in the 1970s.
LR parsing can handle a larger range of languages than LL parsing, and is also better at error reporting (This is disputable, REFERENCE is required), i.e. it detects syntactic errors when the input does not conform to the grammar as soon as possible.
Earley parser
In 1970, Jay Earley invented what came to be known as the Earley parser. Earley parsers are appealing because they can parse all context-free languages reasonably efficiently.
Grammar description languages
John Backus proposed "metalinguistic formulas" to describe the syntax of the new programming language IAL, known today as ALGOL 58 (1959). Backus's work was based on the Post canonical system devised by Emil Post.
Further development of ALGOL led to ALGOL 60; in its report (1963), Peter Naur named Backus's notation Backus normal form (BNF), and simplified it to minimize the character set used. However, Donald Knuth argued that BNF should rather be read as Backus–Naur form, and that has become the commonly accepted usage.
Niklaus Wirth defined extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF), a refined version of BNF, in the early 1970s for PL/0. Augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) is another variant. Both EBNF and ABNF are widely used to specify the grammar of programming languages, as the inputs to parser generators, and in other fields such as defining communication protocols.
Parser generators
A parser generator generates the lexical-analyser portion of a compiler. It is a program that takes a description of a formal grammar of a specific programming language and produces a parser for that language. That parser can be used in a compiler for that specific language. The parser detects and identifies the reserved words and symbols of the specific language from a stream of text and returns these as tokens to the code which implements the syntactic validation and translation into object code. This second part of the compiler can also be created by a compiler-compiler using a formal rules-of-precedence syntax-description as input.
The first compiler-compiler to use that name was written by Tony Brooker in 1960 and was used to create compilers for the Atlas computer at the University of Manchester, including the Atlas Autocode compiler. However it was rather different from modern compiler-compilers, and today would probably be described as being somewhere between a highly customisable generic compiler and an extensible-syntax language. The name "compiler-compiler" was far more appropriate for Brooker's system than it is for most modern compiler-compilers, which are more accurately described as parser generators. It is almost certain that the "Compiler-Compiler" name has entered common use due to Yacc rather than Brooker's work being remembered.
In the early 1960s, Robert McClure at Texas Instruments invented a compiler-compiler called TMG, the name taken from "transmogrification". In the following years TMG was ported to several UNIVAC and IBM mainframe computers.
The Multics project, a joint venture between MIT and Bell Labs, was one of the first to develop an operating system in a high-level language. PL/I was chosen as the language, but an external supplier could not supply a working compiler. The Multics team developed their own subset dialect of PL/I known as Early PL/I (EPL) as their implementation language in 1964. TMG was ported to GE-600 series and used to develop EPL by Douglas McIlroy, Robert Morris, and others.
Not long after Ken Thompson wrote the first version of Unix for the PDP-7 in 1969, Douglas McIlroy created the new system's first higher-level language: an implementation of McClure's TMG. TMG was also the compiler definition tool used by Ken Thompson to write the compiler for the B language on his PDP-7 in 1970. B was the immediate ancestor of C.
An early LALR parser generator was called "TWS", created by Frank DeRemer and Tom Pennello.
XPL
XPL is a dialect of the PL/I programming language, used for the development of compilers for computer languages. It was designed and implemented in 1967 by a team with William M. McKeeman, James J. Horning, and David B. Wortman at Stanford University and the University of California, Santa Cruz. It was first announced at the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco.
XPL featured a relatively simple translator writing system dubbed ANALYZER, based upon a bottom-up compiler precedence parsing technique called MSP (mixed strategy precedence). XPL was bootstrapped through Burroughs Algol onto the IBM System/360 computer. (Some subsequent versions of XPL used on University of Toronto internal projects utilized an SLR(1) parser, but those implementations have never been distributed).
Yacc
Yacc is a parser generator (loosely, compiler-compiler), not to be confused with lex, which is a lexical analyzer frequently used as a first stage by Yacc. Yacc was developed by Stephen C. Johnson at AT&T for the Unix operating system. The name is an acronym for "Yet Another Compiler Compiler." It generates an LALR(1) compiler based on a grammar written in a notation similar to Backus–Naur form.
Johnson worked on Yacc in the early 1970s at Bell Labs. He was familiar with TMG and its influence can be seen in Yacc and the design of the C programming language. Because Yacc was the default compiler generator on most Unix systems, it was widely distributed and used. Derivatives such as GNU Bison are still in use.
The compiler generated by Yacc requires a lexical analyzer. Lexical analyzer generators, such as lex or flex are widely available. The IEEE POSIX P1003.2 standard defines the functionality and requirements for both Lex and Yacc.
Coco/R
Coco/R is a parser generator that generates LL(1) parsers in Modula-2 (with plug-ins for other languages) from input grammars written in a variant of EBNF. It was developed by Hanspeter Mössenböck at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ) in 1985.
ANTLR
ANTLR is a parser generator that generates LL(*) parsers in Java from input grammars written in a variant of EBNF. It was developed by Terence Parr at the University of San Francisco in the early 1990s as a successor of an earlier generator called PCCTS.
Metacompilers
Metacompilers differ from parser generators, taking as input a program written in a metalanguage. Their input consists grammar analyzing formula combined with embedded transform operations that construct abstract syntax trees, or simply output reformatted text strings that may be stack machine code.
Many can be programmed in their own metalanguage enabling them to compile themselves, making them self-hosting extensible language compilers.
Many metacompilers build on the work of Dewey Val Schorre. His META II compiler, first released in 1964, was the first documented metacompiler. Able to define its own language and others, META II accepted syntax formula having imbedded output (code production). It also translated to one of the earliest instances of a virtual machine. Lexical analysis was performed by built token recognizing functions: .ID, .STRING, and .NUMBER. Quoted strings in syntax formula recognize lexemes that are not kept.
TREE-META, a second generation Schorre metacompiler, appeared around 1968. It extended the capabilities of META II, adding unparse rules separating code production from the grammar analysis. Tree transform operations in the syntax formula produce abstract syntax trees that the unparse rules operate on. The unparse tree pattern matching provided peephole optimization ability.
CWIC, described in a 1970 ACM publication is a third generation Schorre metacompiler that added lexing rules and backtracking operators to the grammar analysis. LISP 2 was married with the unparse rules of TREEMETA in the CWIC generator language. With LISP 2 processing, CWIC can generate fully optimized code. CWIC also provided binary code generation into named code sections. Single and multipass compiles could be implemented using CWIC.
CWIC compiled to 8-bit byte-addressable machine code instructions primarily designed to produce IBM System/360 code.
Later generations are not publicly documented. One important feature would be the abstraction of the target processor instruction set, generating to a pseudo machine instruction set, macros, that could be separately defined or mapped to a real machine's instructions. Optimizations applying to sequential instructions could then be applied to the pseudo instruction before their expansion to target machine code.
Cross compilation
A cross compiler runs in one environment but produces object code for another. Cross compilers are used for embedded development, where the target computer has limited capabilities.
An early example of cross compilation was AIMICO, where a FLOW-MATIC program on a UNIVAC II was used to generate assembly language for the IBM 705, which was then assembled on the IBM computer.
The ALGOL 68C compiler generated ZCODE output, that could then be either compiled into the local machine code by a ZCODE translator or run interpreted. ZCODE is a register-based intermediate language. This ability to interpret or compile ZCODE encouraged the porting of ALGOL 68C to numerous different computer platforms.
Optimizing compilers
Compiler optimization is the process of improving the quality of object code without changing the results it produces.
The developers of the first FORTRAN compiler aimed to generate code that was better than the average hand-coded assembler, so that customers would actually use their product. In one of the first real compilers, they often succeeded.
Later compilers, like IBM's Fortran IV compiler, placed more priority on good diagnostics and executing more quickly, at the expense of object code optimization. It wasn't until the IBM System/360 series that IBM provided two separate compilers—a fast-executing code checker, and a slower, optimizing one.
Frances E. Allen, working alone and jointly with John Cocke, introduced many of the concepts for optimization. Allen's 1966 paper, Program Optimization, introduced the use of graph data structures to encode program content for optimization. Her 1970 papers, Control Flow Analysis and A Basis for Program Optimization established intervals as the context for efficient and effective data flow analysis and optimization. Her 1971 paper with Cocke, A Catalogue of Optimizing Transformations, provided the first description and systematization of optimizing transformations. Her 1973 and 1974 papers on interprocedural data flow analysis extended the analysis to whole programs. Her 1976 paper with Cocke describes one of the two main analysis strategies used in optimizing compilers today.
Allen developed and implemented her methods as part of compilers for the IBM 7030 Stretch-Harvest and the experimental Advanced Computing System. This work established the feasibility and structure of modern machine- and language-independent optimizers. She went on to establish and lead the PTRAN project on the automatic parallel execution of FORTRAN programs. Her PTRAN team developed new parallelism detection schemes and created the concept of the program dependence graph, the primary structuring method used by most parallelizing compilers.
Programming Languages and their Compilers by John Cocke and Jacob T. Schwartz, published early in 1970, devoted more than 200 pages to optimization algorithms. It included many of the now familiar techniques such as redundant code elimination and strength reduction.
In 1972, Gary A. Kildall introduced the theory of data-flow analysis used today in optimizing compilers (sometimes known as Kildall's method).
Peephole optimization
Peephole optimization is a simple but effective optimization technique. It was invented by William M. McKeeman and published in 1965 in CACM. It was used in the XPL compiler that McKeeman helped develop.
Capex COBOL optimizer
Capex Corporation developed the "COBOL Optimizer" in the mid-1970s for COBOL. This type of optimizer depended, in this case, upon knowledge of "weaknesses" in the standard IBM COBOL compiler, and actually replaced (or patched) sections of the object code with more efficient code. The replacement code might replace a linear table lookup with a binary search for example or sometimes simply replace a relatively "slow" instruction with a known faster one that was otherwise functionally equivalent within its context. This technique is now known as "Strength reduction". For example, on the IBM System/360 hardware the CLI instruction was, depending on the particular model, between twice and 5 times as fast as a CLC instruction for single byte comparisons.
Modern compilers typically provide optimization options to allow programmers to choose whether or not to execute an optimization pass.
Diagnostics
When a compiler is given a syntactically incorrect program, a good, clear error message is helpful. From the perspective of the compiler writer, it is often difficult to achieve.
The WATFIV Fortran compiler was developed at the University of Waterloo, Canada in the late 1960s. It was designed to give better error messages than IBM's Fortran compilers of the time. In addition, WATFIV was far more usable, because it combined compiling, linking and execution into one step, whereas IBM's compilers had three separate components to run.
PL/C
PL/C was a computer programming language developed at Cornell University in the early 1970s. While PL/C was a subset of IBM's PL/I language, it was designed with the specific goal of being used for teaching programming. The two researchers and academic teachers who designed PL/C were Richard W. Conway and Thomas R. Wilcox. They submitted the famous article "Design and implementation of a diagnostic compiler for PL/I" published in the Communications of ACM in March 1973.
PL/C eliminated some of the more complex features of PL/I, and added extensive debugging and error recovery facilities. The PL/C compiler had the unusual capability of never failing to compile any program, through the use of extensive automatic correction of many syntax errors and by converting any remaining syntax errors to output statements.
Just-in-time compilation
Just-in-time (JIT) compilation is the generation of executable code on-the-fly or as close as possible to its actual execution, to take advantage of runtime metrics or other performance-enhancing options.
Intermediate representation
Most modern compilers have a lexer and parser that produce an intermediate representation of the program. The intermediate representation is a simple sequence of operations which can be used by an optimizer and a code generator which produces instructions in the machine language of the target processor. Because the code generator uses an intermediate representation, the same code generator can be used for many different high-level languages.
There are many possibilities for the intermediate representation. Three-address code, also known as a quadruple or quad is a common form, where there is an operator, two operands, and a result. Two-address code or triples have a stack to which results are written, in contrast to the explicit variables of three-address code.
Static Single Assignment (SSA) was developed by Ron Cytron, Jeanne Ferrante, Barry K. Rosen, Mark N. Wegman, and F. Kenneth Zadeck, researchers at IBM in the 1980s. In SSA, a variable is given a value only once. A new variable is created rather than modifying an existing one. SSA simplifies optimization and code generation.
Code generation
A code generator generates machine language instructions for the target processor.
Register allocation
Sethi–Ullman algorithm or Sethi–Ullman numbering is a method to minimise the number of registers needed to hold variables.
Notable compilers
Amsterdam Compiler Kit by Andrew Tanenbaum and Ceriel Jacobs
Berkeley Pascal , written by Ken Thompson in 1975. Bill Joy and others at University of California, Berkeley added improvements
GNU Compiler Collection, formerly the GNU C Compiler. Originally authored by Richard Stallman in 1987, GCC is a major modern compiler which is used to compile many free software projects, notably Linux.
LLVM, formerly known as the Low Level Virtual Machine
Small-C by Ron Cain and James E Hendrix
Turbo Pascal, created by Anders Hejlsberg, first released in 1983.
WATFOR, created at the University of Waterloo. One of the first popular educational compilers, although now largely obsolete.
See also
History of programming languages
Lex (and Flex lexical analyser), the token parser commonly used in conjunction with yacc (and Bison).
BNF, a metasyntax used to express context-free grammar: that is, a formal way to describe formal languages.
Self-interpreter, an interpreter written in a language it can interpret.
References
Further reading
Backus, John, et al., "The FORTRAN Automatic Coding System", Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference, Los Angeles, California, February 1957. Describes the design and implementation of the first FORTRAN compiler by the IBM team.
Knuth, D. E., RUNCIBLE-algebraic translation on a limited computer, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 2, p. 18, (Nov. 1959).
Irons, Edgar T., A syntax directed compiler for ALGOL 60, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 4, p. 51. (Jan. 1961)
Conway, Melvin E., Design of a separable transition-diagram compiler, Communications of the ACM, Volume 6, Issue 7 (July 1963)
Floyd, R. W., Syntactic analysis and operator precedence, Journal of the ACM, Vol. 10, p. 316. (July 1963).
Cheatham, T. E., and Sattley, K., Syntax directed compilation, SJCC p. 31. (1964).
Randell, Brian; Russell, Lawford John, ALGOL 60 Implementation: The Translation and Use of ALGOL 60 Programs on a Computer, Academic Press, 1964
Cocke, John; Schwartz, Jacob T., Programming Languages and their Compilers: Preliminary Notes, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences technical report, New York University, 1969.
Bauer, Friedrich L.; Eickel, Jürgen (Eds.), Compiler Construction, An Advanced Course, 2nd ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 21, Springer 1976,
Gries, David, Compiler Construction for Digital Computers, New York : Wiley, 1971.
External links
Compiler Construction before 1980 – Annotated literature list by Dick Grune
Compilers
History of software
History of computer science
Parsing algorithms
History of computing |
Górki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gąbin, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Gąbin, south of Płock, and west of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Płock County |
Uranyl hydroxide is a hydroxide of uranium with the chemical formula UO2(OH)2 in the monomeric form and (UO2)2(OH)4 in the dimeric; both forms may exist in normal aqueous media. Uranyl hydroxide hydrate is precipitated as a colloidal yellowcake from oxidized uranium liquors near neutral pH.
Uranyl hydroxide was once used in glassmaking and ceramics in the colouring of the vitreous phases and the preparation of pigments for high temperature firing. The introduction of alkaline diuranates (like sodium diuranate) into glasses leads to yellow by transmission, green by reflection; moreover these glasses become dichroic and fluorescent under ultraviolet rays.
Uranyl hydroxide is teratogenic and radioactive.
References
The Structure of the a Form of Uranyl Hydroxide
Alexander, C.A. (2005) "Volatilization of urania under strongly oxidizing conditions," Journal of Nuclear Materials, 346, 312–318.
Uranyl compounds
Hydroxides |
Theridion modestum, is a species of spider of the genus Theridion. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
See also
List of Theridiidae species
References
Theridiidae
Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
Spiders of Asia
Spiders described in 1894 |
Gaius Junius Silanus (fl. 1st century BC) was a Roman Senator, who was consul in 17 BC as the colleague of Gaius Furnius.
Biography
The son of an otherwise unknown Gaius Junius Silanus, it is speculated that Junius Silanus was related to Marcus Junius Silanus (perhaps his cousin). Elected consul in 17 BC alongside Gaius Furnius, it has been postulated that he may have been a proconsular governor of Asia around 24/23 BC, but this has been challenged as highly unlikely. He may have been the biological father of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus. Nothing further is known about his career.
References
Sources
Syme, Ronald, The Augustan Aristocracy (1986)]. Clarendon Press.
1st-century BC Romans
1st-century Romans
Senators of the Roman Empire
Imperial Roman consuls
Junii Silani
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown |
Breach is a team-based first-person shooter multiplayer video game developed by Atomic Games. It was announced on March 26, 2010 at PAX East 2010 for Windows PCs and the Xbox 360. Breach was distributed online for the Xbox 360 by Xbox Live Arcade, and on Windows by Steam. It features dynamic destructible environments and a cover system.
When released, the game featured five maps. Atomic Games said that another free map would be released once the Breach community reached certain goals. There are four game modes: Infiltration, Convoy, Retrieval and Team Deathmatch. The game features five classes: Sniper, Gunner, Support and Rifleman are available to all players, with a Recon class being unlockable after players have "mastered" two of the four original classes. Breach has an XP system that allows players to purchase gadgets, such as bionic ears and remote motion sensors. Perks are also available to allow class customization. The game supports multiplayer matches of up to 16 people.
In Breach, players take the role of the CIA's Special Activities Division, an organisation that carries out black ops for the US government.
As of August 2011, the PC version has been removed from the Steam Store, due to lack of servers to play on and Atomic Games having seemingly gone dark.
Gameplay
There are four game modes, Infiltration, Retrieval, Team Deathmatch and Convoy. Infiltration is an objective capture mode similar to those found in many other first person shooter games, where certain points are captured and the team with the most points wins. Retrieval involves the teams attempting to capture an object. Team Deathmatch is a simple format where there is a time minute and the team with the most kills at the end wins. Finally convoy involves one team escorting a convoy to a checkpoint and the other attempting to prevent it getting there. The convoy itself is indestructible, but it cannot move without an escort.
There are five classes: Rifleman, Gunner, Sniper, Support and Recon. The Rifleman represents "standard" soldiers, using automatic rifles and similar weapons and specialising in mid-range combat. The Gunner class uses machineguns such as the M60, and specialises in suppression using high damage, high rate-of-fire, but low accuracy weapons. The Sniper class uses scoped rifles and specialises in long-range combat using slow, carefully aimed shots. The Support class specialises in close-quarters combat, primarily using shotguns. The Recon class is only available after the player has gained enough experience with other classes to have "mastered" them, and is between the Rifleman and Sniper classes, specialising in mid- and long-range combat.
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In its first week, Breach moved over 15,000 units.
References
External links
2011 video games
First-person shooters
Multiplayer video games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Products and services discontinued in 2011
Inactive multiplayer online games
Atomic Games games |
Jazovik is a village in the municipality of Valjevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 144 people.
References
Populated places in Kolubara District |
The Social Pact (, ), officially entitled the Draft Accord for Social Unity (Projet d'accord de Solidarité sociale or Ontwerp van overeenkomst tot sociale solidariteit), was an informal political agreement concluded between corporate, labour, and civil service representatives in Belgium which laid the basis for a political compromise after World War II. Concluded in secret in German-occupied Belgium on 24 April 1944, the Plan was intended to lay the foundations for a new political compromise between the different groups after the war based on improved labour relations. It is most notable for laying the foundation for the country's social security legislation adopted by the government of Achille Van Acker in December 1944.
Social Pact
The Social Pact brought together representatives of Belgium's pre-war trades unions and employers, as well as civil service technocrats, to agree on a number of social reforms to be implemented after the end of the war. Among the most important were the extension of state social welfare provision and collective bargaining in employment disputes. The pact was concluded in secret on 24 April 1944 while Belgium was still under German occupation as labour and company leaders prepared for the period of reconstruction which would follow liberation by the Allies. Most of Belgium was liberated in September 1944.
The agreement was conducted unofficially and independently of the Belgian government in exile and never achieved any official status, but remained an influential document on post-war politics. Many of its previsions would be met by the social reforms launched by Achille Van Acker in December 1944. The Pact has been seen as the start of the consensus politics which characterised Belgian post-war democracy, and a move towards more peaceful social relations.
According to historian Martin Conway, "the real significance of the Pact lay not in the vision it presented of a new era of social welfare but rather in the way in which its preparation demonstrated the degree of common ground that had emerged during the Occupation" between different interest groups. Other historians have pointed to the influence of pre-war corporatist ideas.
See also
Saltsjöbaden Agreement (1938) - similar agreement in Sweden
Beveridge Report (1942) - comprehensive plan of social welfare reform in the United Kingdom
Belgian economic miracle (1944–47)
References
Bibliography
Further reading
1944 in Belgium
Labour relations in Belgium
Welfare in Belgium
German occupation of Belgium during World War II
1944 documents |
Alatri () is an Italian town and comune of the province of Frosinone in the region of Lazio, with c. 30,000 inhabitants. An ancient city of the Hernici, it is known for its megalithic acropolis.
History
The area of the modern city was settled as early as the 2nd millennium BC.
Aletrium was a town of the Hernici which, together with Veroli, Anagni and Ferentino, formed a defensive league against the Volsci and the Samnites around 550 BC. In 530 they allied with Tarquinius Superbus' Rome, confirming the Etruscan influence in the area attested also by archaeology. Alatri was defeated by Rome in 306 BC and forced to accept the citizenship. In Cicero's time it was a municipium, and continued in this position throughout the imperial period.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the city decayed, the only respected authority being represented by the Christian bishop. During the reign of Theodoric the Great (5th century AD) the patrician Liberius promoted the construction of a monastic community, one of the most ancient in the West, where in 528 St. Benedict sojourned briefly. In 543, during the Gothic Wars, Alatri was sacked and destroyed by Totila's troops.
In the 12th century the city became an important stronghold of the popes when they were obliged to leave the then unsafe Rome. In the following century it became a free commune, although under the authority of the bishops and the pope, governed by consuls until 1241, when a podestà was introduced. In the following centuries it flourished economically and expanded, conquering Collepardo, Guarcino, Trivigliano, Vico and Frosinone, though often hampered by inner strife. In the 15th century Alatri started to lose its freedom, due to the involvement of Ladislaus of Naples and Pope Martin V. After the short seigniory of Filippo Maria Visconti in 1434, the city had to accept papal suzerainty.
Struggles with the neighbouring communes continued, and in 1556 it was occupied by Spanish soldiers. During the Roman Republic, it remained loyal to the pope. During the Napoleonic occupation (1809–1814) numerous members of the papal administration, as well as bishop Giuseppe della Casa, were deported to France. It became part of Italy in 1870.
During World War II it suffered heavy destruction and human victims.
Main sights
Ancient remains
Alatri has well-preserved polygonal fortifications constructed from well jointed local limestone. It is almost entirely an embanking wall, as is the rule in the cities of this part of Italy, with a maximum height, probably, of about . Two of the gates (of the perhaps five once existing) are still to some extent preserved, and three posterns are to be found.
In the centre of the city rises a hill which was adopted as the citadel. Remains of the fortifications of three successive periods can be traced, of which the last, perhaps a little more recent than that of the city wall, is the best preserved. In the first two periods the construction is rough, while in the third the blocks are very well jointed, and the faces smoothed; they are mostly polygonal in form and are much larger (the maximum about 3 by 2 m) than those of the city wall. A flat surface was formed partly by smoothing off the rock and partly by the erection of huge terrace walls which rise to a height of over , enclosing a roughly rectangular area of . Two approaches to the citadel were constructed, both passing through the wall; the openings of both are rectangular. The architrave of the larger, known as Porta Maggiore, measures about in length, in height, in thickness; while that of the smaller is decorated with three phalli in relief. Later, though probably in ancient times, a ramp was added on the northern side. In the centre of the arx was a building on the site of the present cathedral, of which only a small portion is preserved. Remains of a high-pressure aqueduct, which supplied the town with water and was constructed with other public buildings by L. Betilienus Varus, may still be traced. A temple was excavated in 1889 about a half-mile north of the town, and many fragments of the painted terracottas with which it was decorated were found. A reconstruction of it has been erected in the National Etruscan Museum at Rome.
Other
Cathedral of San Paolo: main church, documented since 930, has Cosmatesque decorations dated to 1222, although the external facade is from a late–18th-century restoration. The layout is that of a Greek cross plan, with a long transept. One of the relics in the church, is the late 13th-century Ostia Incarnata; according to tradition it was a eucharistic wafer that miraculously transubstantiated into flesh.
Collegiata of Santa Maria Maggiore: collegiate church likely first erected in the 5th century atop the site of a temple of Venus. First mentioned in 1137, it was restored in Romanesque times and largely rebuilt in the 13th century by craftsmen from Burgundy. The façade has a large 14th-century rose window. The three gates have frescoed lunettes with, in the central one, a Madonna with Child from the late 14th century. The bell tower was added in 1394; until an earthquake in 1654, it had a cusp cover. The sober interior has a nave and two aisles divided by robust pilasters, with an inner narthex. The left chapels are from modern restorations. Among the artwork housed in the church, a Constantinopolis Madonna (13th century), the Redeemer Tryptych by Antonio di Alatri, and a Madonna with Child and St. Salvatore (early 15th century).
San Francesco: Gothic-style church built by the Franciscans in the late 13th century. It is a compact edifice with original gate and rose window similar to that of Santa Maria Maggiore. The interior has a single nave and Baroque decoration. It houses a Deposition painted by Neapolitan school (17th century), and partly ruined 15th-century frescoes. The most striking feature is however the relic of part of St. Francis' mantle, donated in 1222 to the city by the saint himself.
Santo Stefano: Church from (). Of the original edifice, only the main portal remains.
San Silvestro: Church from (10th-11th centuries). It has two naves, the second added in 1331. The simple and evocative interior houses a precious fresco depicting St Sylvester and the Dragon (12th century). The crypt (9th century) has a fresco of a Blessing Saint in Byzantine style.
Chiesa degli Scolopi (1734–1745)
Gottifredo Palace (mid-13th century), the residence of the powerful feudatary cardinal Gottifredo di Raynaldo from Alatri. It is formed by two towerhouses in different styles. It houses the Town Museum.
Public Records Office: located in the Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore, the registry houses all public records including Births, Deaths and Marriages for the city going back to the 18th century.
In the neighborhood are:
The Castle of Osteria di Alatri, also known as La Grancia di Tecchiena.
The Badia di San Sebastiano, built in the 6th century by Liberius.
Chiesa delle XII Marie ("Church of the 12 Marys"), a small church from the early 15th century, with interesting frescoes of Saint by Antonio da Alatri
Subdivisions
Rioni
Alatri is divided into the following rioni (quarters):
Civette
Colle
Fiorenza
Piagge
Portadini
San Simeone
Santa Lucia
Sant'Anna
Sant'Andrea
Scurano
Spidini
Valle
Vineri
Frazioni
Chiappitto, Pacciano, Porpuro, Valle Santa Maria, Carvarola, Capranica, Fontana Vecchia, Maddalena, Piedimonte, Madonna delle Grazie, Melegranate, Montecapraro, Vignola, Valle Carchera, Montesantangelo, Montelarena, Pezza, Allegra, Basciano, Pignano, Castello, Collefreddo, Madonna del Pianto, Montelungo, Montereo, Monte San Marino, Pezzelle, Preturo, Sant'Antimo, San Valentino, Vallecupa, Vallefredda, Valle Pantano, Vallesacco, Valle S.Matteo, Villa Magna, Cassiano, Castagneto, Fraschette, Seritico, Santa Caterina, Vicero, Aiello, Canarolo, Collelavena, Costa San Vincenzo, Maranillo, Cavariccio, Colletraiano, Imbratto, Piano, S. Colomba, Scopigliette, Cucuruzzavolo, le Grotte, Magione, Mole Santa Maria, San Pancrazio, Vallemiccina, Sant'Emidio, Canale, Prati Giuliani, Quarticciolo, Quarti di Tecchiena, Tecchiena, Campello, Mole Bisleti, Cuione, Fontana Santo Stefano, Fontana Sistiliana, Frittola, S. Manno, Arillette, Collecuttrino, Colle del Papa, Laguccio, Montelena, Quercia d'Orlando, San Mattia, Carano, Fontana Scurano, Magliano, Cellerano, Fiume, Fiura, Fontana Santa, Riano, Abbadia, Case Paolone, Fontana Sambuco, Gaudo, Intignano, Colleprata.
International relations
Alatri is twinned with:
Clisson, France, since 2000
Dirfys, Greece
Gétigné, France, since 2003
Gorges, France, since 2003
Ness Ziona, Israel
Saint-Lumine-de-Clisson, France, since 2000
References
Richard Stillwell, ed. Princeton Encyclopædia of Classical Sites, 1976: "Aletrium (Alatri), Italy"
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Lazio |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\CertificateAuthorityService;
class SubordinateConfigChain extends \Google\Collection
{
protected $collection_key = 'pemCertificates';
/**
* @var string[]
*/
public $pemCertificates;
/**
* @param string[]
*/
public function setPemCertificates($pemCertificates)
{
$this->pemCertificates = $pemCertificates;
}
/**
* @return string[]
*/
public function getPemCertificates()
{
return $this->pemCertificates;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(SubordinateConfigChain::class, your_sha256_hashn');
``` |
```c
/*
*
* in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
* path_to_url
*/
#include "des_local.h"
/*
* The input and output encrypted as though 64bit ofb mode is being used.
* The extra state information to record how much of the 64bit block we have
* used is contained in *num;
*/
void DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt(register const unsigned char *in,
register unsigned char *out, long length,
DES_key_schedule *k1, DES_key_schedule *k2,
DES_key_schedule *k3, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num)
{
register DES_LONG v0, v1;
register int n = *num;
register long l = length;
DES_cblock d;
register char *dp;
DES_LONG ti[2];
unsigned char *iv;
int save = 0;
iv = &(*ivec)[0];
c2l(iv, v0);
c2l(iv, v1);
ti[0] = v0;
ti[1] = v1;
dp = (char *)d;
l2c(v0, dp);
l2c(v1, dp);
while (l--) {
if (n == 0) {
/* ti[0]=v0; */
/* ti[1]=v1; */
DES_encrypt3(ti, k1, k2, k3);
v0 = ti[0];
v1 = ti[1];
dp = (char *)d;
l2c(v0, dp);
l2c(v1, dp);
save++;
}
*(out++) = *(in++) ^ d[n];
n = (n + 1) & 0x07;
}
if (save) {
iv = &(*ivec)[0];
l2c(v0, iv);
l2c(v1, iv);
}
v0 = v1 = ti[0] = ti[1] = 0;
*num = n;
}
``` |
Salvation Jane is the fourth studio album by New Zealand singer Jenny Morris. It was released in July 1995 on the rooArt label, after a four-year gap from her last album. The album was produced by Andrew Farriss and Mark Moffatt, together with Electric Hippies' duo Steve Balbi and Justin Stanley. The album featured songs from a songwriting retreat held at Miles Copeland's castle, Chateau de Marouatte, in Bordeaux, France. Here, Morris co-wrote a number of songs with other international songwriters, including Jud Friedman, Rich Wayland, Mark Cawley and Dennis Greaves.
The album peaked at #70 upon its debut on the Australian ARIA album charts on the week ending 23 July 1995, and spent two weeks in the top 100.
"Salvation Jane" is one of several names by which the flowering plant Echium plantagineum is known in Australia.
Track listing
"Rhythm and Flow" (Jenny Morris) - 5:37
"Cry and Cry" (Don Miller-Robinson, Jenny Morris) - 3:45
"What Do I Do Now" (Mark Forrester, Jenny Morris) - 4:47
"In Too Deep" (Rick Nowels) - 4:42
"Walking into Walls" (J. Friedman, Jenny Morris) - 4:03
"Frida" (Jenny Morris) - 4:01
"Hope (Now I Know)" (Dennis Greaves, Jenny Morris) - 2:59
"Price I Pay" (Billy Bragg) - 3:44
"Only We Can Hear" (Jenny Morris, Wally Wilson) - 4:08
"Digger" (Bill Baker, Mark Cawley, Jenny Morris) - 4:11
"Angels" (Jenny Morris) - 3:46
"Pain in Your Shadow" (Jenny Morris, Rich Wayland, Simon Wilson) - 4:50
"Salvation Jane" (Andrew Farriss) - 3:19
Charts
References
1995 albums
Jenny Morris (musician) albums |
"Thinking About You" is the first single from Norah Jones' 2007 album Not Too Late. It was her first single to enter the Billboard Hot 100 in 4 years, since "Don't Know Why".
Background and composition
Jones wrote "Thinking About You" in 1999 with Ilhan Ersahin, her then-bandmate in Wax Poetic. She said the song had "always been in the back of my mind", but she thought it was too much of a pop song for her and preferred if someone else were to record it. She recorded a version of it for her second album, Feels like Home (2004), but according to her it sounded "too country-rock". According to the producer, she "found a way to make it work" during the recording of Not Too Late.
Critical reception
Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic picked the song among the best tracks on the album, calling it a "wonderful laid-back soul". Sia Michel from Entertainment Weekly called it a "safety-net single", with its sexy, cocktail-party swing, the tune could be her first real radio hit since 'Don't Know Why'." Neil Spencer from The Observer commented that the song "looks like a conscious attempt not to scare the punters." Tom Woods called it "a lovely pop song, with nostalgic lyrics." Tyler Fisher from Sputnikmusic commented that the song is "a western jazz hybrid in the truest sense, with very country-styled melodies from the organ and Wurlitzer, but the jazzy horn section provides great countermelodies."
Track listing
CD single
Europe
"Thinking About You"
"2 Men"
"Wish I Could"
Commercial release and chart performance
Released in the United States on December 5, 2006 (see 2006 in music), "Thinking About You" was one of the first songs by a major artist to be available for paid digital download in mp3 format. The single entered the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 at number eighty-two in early February 2007, becoming Jones's first chart entry since "Don't Know Why" (2002). It was also her second single to appear on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It peaked at number seventy in Germany.
Music video
The music video, directed by Ace Norton, was filmed on a soundstage at Steiner Studios in Brooklyn, New York with a cast of eight people, including Jones. According to videostatic.com, it contains elements from some of Norton's previous videos — for Peter Walker's "What Do I Know" (the "within the within" effect), Death Cab for Cutie's "Someday You Will Be Loved" (the animated heart) and Death Cab for Cutie's "Crooked Teeth" (the Claymation). The video premiered on December 19, 2006.
Cover versions
Irma Thomas recorded the song for her 2008 album Simply Grand. Jones performed as a guest pianist on the recording.
Charts
All-time charts
References
2006 singles
Norah Jones songs
Songs written by Norah Jones
2006 songs
Blue Note Records singles |
Siah Siah-ye Khosravi (, also Romanized as Sīāh Sīāh-ye Khosravī) is a village in Howmeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 13 families.
References
Populated places in Eslamabad-e Gharb County |
Gloria Victoria Rolando Casamayor, known as Gloria Rolando (born 4 April 1953), is a Cuban filmmaker and screenwriter. Her career as a director spans more than 35 years at the Cuban national film institute ICAIC, and she also heads Imágenes del Caribe, an independent film-making group. Her films, such as Reshipment (2014), characteristically document the history of people of the African diaspora.
Biography
Born in Havana, Cuba, in 1953, Gloria Rolando attended Amadeo Roldan Conservatory, from where she graduated in music theory, piano, harmony, music history and musical notation, and in 1976 earned a B.A. in Art History from the University of Havana. She then began working as an assistant director at the Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Arts and Industry (ICAIC). She did postgraduate studies in Caribbean Literature, presenting her final paper, "Emigration, a Recurring Theme in Caribbean Literature", at Havana University in 1987.
Her documentaries take as their subject matter the history of the African diaspora in the Caribbean, using filmmaking as a way to preserve culture and spiritual values. Her first documentary, Oggun: An Eternal Presence (1991), which paid homage to those who have preserved the African Yoruba religion in Cuba, won the Premio de la Popularidad at the Festival de Video Mujer e Imagen in Ecuador in 1994, and Rolando went on to make more than a dozen other documentaries, winning several other awards.
Interviewed in 2014 when her film Reshipment was touring the US, Rolando said: "When we talk about the African diaspora, sometimes people don't know very much about what happened in the history of the Caribbean—and Cuba is a Caribbean island that shared many destinies with other Caribbean countries. Even if we speak Spanish and others speak French or English, we have many things in common. So I think that the expectation, the interest and the reaction that I see [in U.S. audiences] are because people want to know what happened with the rest of the blacks in the continent. ...Through my films, they get a little bit. I cannot cover in a documentary of one hour the whole complexity of the history of the Caribbean countries, of our history as black people. But at least people [can] get some elements that allow them to continue studying or [doing more] research, especially the young generation."
Among her best known works are Cuba, My Footsteps in Baraguá (1996), a history of the West Indian community in eastern Cuba, Eyes of The Rainbow (1997), a film about Assata Shakur, and a three-part series on the 1912 massacre of members of the Partido Independiente de Color (Independent Party of Color), entitled Breaking the Silence (2010). Rolando's most recent documentary, Dialog with My Grandmother (2016), is based on a 1993 conversation she had with her grandmother, Inocencia Leonarda Armas y Abre.
Rolando heads an independent film-making group, Imágenes del Caribe, based in Havana. They are currently producing a documentary on the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first Black Catholic religious order in the United States.
Selected filmography
1991: Oggun: An Eternal Present
1996: My Footsteps in Baraguá
1997: Eyes of the Rainbow/Ojos del arco iris
2000: El Alacrán / The Scorpion
2001: Raices de Mi Corazon/Roots of My Heart
2003: Los Marqueses de Atarés
2004: Nosotros y el Jazz / The Jazz in Us
2007: Pasajes Del Corazón y La Memoria (Historias de Cubanos y Caimaneros). English: Cherished Island Memories
2010: 1912: Breaking the Silence Chapter 1 / 1912, Voces para un Silencio, Capitulo 1
2011: 1912: Breaking the Silence, Chapter 2 / 1912, Voces para un Silencio, Capitulo 2
2012: 1912: Breaking the Silence, Capitulo 3 / 1912, Voces para un Silencio, Capitulo 3
2014: Reembarque / Reshipment
2016: Dialogo con mi abuela/Dialog with My Grandmother
Selected awards
1994: Premio de la Popularidad at the Festival de Video Mujer e Imagen in Ecuador for Oggun: An Eternal Present
2000: Distinción "Gitana Tropical", from Dirección Provincial de Cultura de la Ciudad de la Habana.
2000: Diploma "Al Mérito Artístico", from Ministerio de Cultura y el Ministro de Educación Superior, Cuba.
2009: Medalla Federico Fellini from UNESCO to Gloria Rolando as director
2010: Sara Gómez Prize for Pasajes del corazon y la memoria (2007), from the Consejo Nacional de Casas de Cultura (Havana) at the 30th Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano.
2012: Walterio Carbonell Prize for the series 1912, Voces para un silencio
2013: Caracol Prize (director category) from UNEAC for 1912, Voces para un silencio
2016: Caracol Prize (documentary category) from UNEAC for Dialogo con mi abuela
Dialogo con mi abuela nominated for Best Short Documentary, Pan African Film Festival, Los Angeles, 2017
References
External links
"Gloria Victoria Rolando Casamayor – Artist's 1998 Statement of Purpose and Biography" at AfroCubaWeb.
Beti Ellerson, "Focus on Gloria Rolando", African Women in Cinema Blog, 24 March 2010.
"Gloria Rolando", IMDb
1953 births
Cuban screenwriters
Cuban women film directors
Living people
People from Havana |
The 2023 Vuelta a Castilla y León (English: 2023 Tour of Castile and León) is a road cycling stage race that took place between 26 and 27 July 2023 in the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León. The race was rated as a category 2.1 event on the 2023 UCI Europe Tour calendar, and is the 37th edition of the Vuelta a Castilla y León.
Teams
6 of the 18 UCI WorldTeams, ten UCI ProTeams and three UCI Continental teams made up the 19 teams that participated in the race.
UCI WorldTeams
UCI ProTeams
UCI Continental Teams
NSJBI Victoria Sports
Route
Stages
Stage 1
26 July 2023 – Soria to Soria,
Stage 2
27 July 2023 – Coca to Segovia,
Classification leadership table
References
External links
2023
Vuelta a Castilla y León
Vuelta a Castilla y León
Vuelta a Castilla y León |
Stergusa aurata is a species of spider of the genus Stergusa. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
References
Salticidae
Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
Spiders of Asia
Spiders described in 1902 |
The 1916 Kendall Orange and Black football team represented Henry Kendall College, which was later renamed the University of Tulsa, during the 1916 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Sam P. McBirney, the Orange and Black compiled a 10–0 record, won the Oklahoma Intercollegiate Conference championship, shut out five of ten opponents, and outscored their opponents by a total of 566 to 40, including high-scoring wins against (117–0), (82–0), (81–0), and Haskell (46–0).
In 1916, Kendall College's enrollment increased to 400 students, and McBirney petitioned the school to hire a full-time physical education teacher and assistant football coach. McBirney recommended that the school hire Arkansas City, Kansas, high school coach Francis Schmidt, who would later be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
With McBirney as head coach and Schmidt as his assistant coach, the 1916 Tulsa team became the highest scoring college football team during the 1916 college football season. The 1916 team featured John Young, who had played for McBirney at Tulsa High School and who had been recruited by Fielding H. Yost to play for the University of Michigan, and Ivan Grove, who had played for Schmidt at Arkansas City High School and became the top scoring player in college football in 1916 with 196 points.
The 1916 team gained renown for its short passing offense and for the deceptive and unique play calling of McBirney and Schmidt. In one game, Ivan Grove completed 12 consecutive passes on a single scoring drive. In another game, the team successfully executed a play the called the "tower play." Ivan Grove threw a pass to Vergil Jones as he sat on the shoulders of Puny Blevins. The play resulted in a touchdown and was declared illegal the following year. Schmidt's biographer, Brett Perkins, has suggested that the short-passing game developed by McBirney and Schmidt in 1916 was later absorbed and perfected at TCU by Dutch Meyer and Sammy Baugh.
In the lowest scoring game of the 1916 season, Kendall College defeated the Oklahoma Sooners by a score of 16 to 0 at the Sooners' home field in Norman, Oklahoma. The victory at Norman broke an 18-game winning streak for Oklahoma, and was the first time that the Sooners were beaten in football by another school from Oklahoma. In the three games preceding the 1916 Oklahoma-Kendall game, Oklahoma had outscored its opponents 27–0, 107–0, and 140–0. The 1916 victory over the undefeated Sooners put Tulsa football on the map.
Historian and Tulsa journalist Jenk Jones recalled, "In 1916, there was a lot of agitation here to declare Tulsa the Champion of Mid America."
After the 1916 season, McBirney retired as Kendall's football coach to devote his full-time to the National Bank of Commerce where he served as vice president. McBirney had hand-picked Francis Schmidt as his successor, but Schmidt enlisted in the U.S. Army after the United States entered World War I in April 1917. After two years of military service, Schmidt led the team to back-to-back undefeated seasons in 1919 and 1920 before moving on to a successful coaching career with Arkansas, TCU and Ohio State.
Schedule
References
Kendall
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football seasons
Oklahoma Intercollegiate Conference (1914–1928) football champion seasons
College football undefeated seasons
Kendall Football |
Thomas L. Hayes (May 30, 1926 – May 5, 1987) was the 71st lieutenant governor of Vermont and a Vermont Supreme Court Justice. He was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1985 by then-Governor Madeleine M. Kunin.
Biography
Thomas Lawlor Hayes was born in Fair Haven, Vermont, on May 30, 1926. He was educated in Fair Haven, and graduated from Bellows Falls High School. Hayes served in the Army from 1944 to 1946 as an Infantry and Signal Noncommissioned officer in the Pacific Theater.
He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1950 and joined the staff of Winston Prouty, who served in the United States House of Representatives and as a United States senator. Hayes remained with Prouty for 15 years and advanced to the position of Administrative Assistant in his Washington office. He received a law degree from Georgetown University in 1955.
In 1966 Hayes, then residing in Middlebury, ran unsuccessfully for governor, and lost the Republican nomination to Richard A. Snelling. He was the successful Republican nominee for lieutenant governor in 1968 and served one term, 1969 to 1971. Active in opposition to the Vietnam War, he made national headlines in 1970 when, as acting governor, he ordered Vermont flags lowered to half staff after the killing of four students at Kent State University by National Guard troops. In response Governor Deane Davis returned to Vermont from a conference and countermanded Hayes's directive.
Hayes ran unsuccessfully against Davis for governor in the 1970 Republican primary. He later became a Democrat, and resided in Burlington. He served as Legal Counsel to Governor Thomas P. Salmon, was chairman of the Vermont State Board of Education, and was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court. While on the Superior Court, he served as chief administrative judge.
In 1985, Hayes was appointed a justice of the Vermont Supreme Court, succeeding Wynn Underwood; Hayes served in this position until his death. He was an advocate of attorneys paying greater attention to state constitutions generally, and the Vermont constitution in particular, and suggested that too much deference was paid to "buzzwords" from federal court decisions. In Vermont v. Jewett, Hayes argued that state constitutions should serve as consistent protection for the rights and liberties of a state's citizens, no matter how the decisions of the federal courts ebbed and flowed as membership and political outlook changed over time.
At the time of his death he faced Judicial Conduct Board charges for alleged misconduct along with fellow justices William C. Hill and Ernest W. Gibson III. Hill retired, and Vermont Judicial Conduct Board charges against Gibson were dropped in August, 1987. (Wheel was later convicted on charges arising from the case; Hill was found to have violated rules regarding judicial conduct.)
Hayes died in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 5, 1987, while being treated for lung cancer. He was buried at Saint Marys Cemetery in Fair Haven.
He was married to Jennie Christy. They had three children, two sons and a daughter.
References
Sources
Magazines
Books
Newspapers
Internet
1926 births
1987 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of Vermont
Justices of the Vermont Supreme Court
Vermont state court judges
University of Vermont alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Vermont Republicans
Vermont Democrats
United States Army personnel of World War II
People from Middlebury, Vermont
People from Burlington, Vermont
Vermont lawyers
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
United States Army officers |
The Battle of Chios was fought in 201 BC between the fleet of Philip V of Macedon and the combined fleet of Rhodes, Pergamum, Byzantium and Cyzicus.
The Cretan War had started in 205 BC when the Macedonians and their pirate and Cretan allies had started attacking Rhodian ships as Rhodes had the richest merchant fleet in the Aegean. The navies of Rhodes' allies Pergamum, Byzantium and Cyzicus joined the Rhodian fleet and then defeated the Macedonian fleet off Chios.
Prelude
With the First Macedonian War over, Philip started to rebuild his fleet to a size that could challenge the fleets of the Rhodians, Pergamese and Ptolemies. Philip wanted to crush the dominant naval power in the Aegean, his ally Rhodes. He formed alliances with Aetolian and Spartan pirates as well as a few powerful Cretan city states.
Battle
In the battle the flagship of Philip V of Macedon, a very large galley bireme or trireme with ten banks of rowers, accidentally rammed one of her own ships when it strayed across her path, and giving her a powerful blow in the middle of the oarbox, well above the waterline, stuck fast, since the helmsman had been unable in time to check or reverse the ship's momentum. Trapped, the flagship was put out of action by two enemy ships, which rammed her below the waterline on each side.
The Macedonian navy outnumbered the allied fleet, but lacked experience for Philip had raised it just a few years prior to the battle. This was a crucial deciding factor.
The battle seemed to be going against Philip, but then Attalus attempted to prevent one of his ships from being sunk, and was driven onto the shore. Philip captured Attalus’s ship, and towed it back through the battle, convincing the rest of the Pergamene fleet that the king was dead. The Pergamene fleets then withdrew. The Macedonians took advantage of this lull to escape from the victorious Rhodians.
Aftermath
The losses Philip suffered at Chios dealt a crippling blow to Macedonian naval power. So much so that the Macedonian fleet played little part in the Second Macedonian War.
When Attalus ran his ship aground, he escaped by land. He only avoided capture because he left his immense riches on board his vessel, which distracted his Macedonian pursuers long enough for him to get away.
The victorious Theophiliscus later died from the wounds that he received during the battle.
The Battle of Lade [201 BCE] was a continuation of the same hostilities by the belligerent parties (Mommsen, Bk III, Ch VIII).
Notes
References
Primary sources
Polybius, translated by Frank W. Walbank, (1979). The Rise of the Roman Empire. New York: Penguin Classics. .
Secondary sources
Peter Green, (1990). Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age. Los Angeles: University of California Press. .
Theocharis Detorakis, (1994). A History of Crete. Heraklion: Heraklion. .
External links
Chios, Greece Information about Chios island.
201 BC
Chios 201 BC
Chios
Chios
Ancient Chios
Chios
Chios |
Chester Terrace is one of the neo-classical terraces in Regent's Park, London. The terrace has the longest unbroken facade in Regent's Park, of about . It takes its name from one of the titles of George IV before he became king, Earl of Chester. It now lies within the London Borough of Camden.
As with Cornwall Terrace and York Terrace, the architectural plans were made by John Nash but subsequently altered almost beyond recognition by Decimus Burton, who was responsible for the existing design, built by his father James Burton in 1825. Nash was so dissatisfied with Decimus's design that he sought the demolition and complete rebuilding of the Terrace, but in vain. It is a Grade I listed building.
Architecture
All 42 houses are Grade I listed buildings. At each end there is a Corinthian arch bearing at the top the terrace's name in large lettering on a blue background, possibly the largest street signs in London. Five houses are semi-detached with one of these being Nash House (3 Chester Terrace, although the main entrance is in Chester Gate), having a bust of John Nash on its west side, appearing identical to the bust on All Souls Church, Langham Place.
During the Second World War the Nash buildings around the park, including Chester Terrace, fell into what one newspaper called "a sad state of neglect … caused by bombing and the ravages of time". An official report commented "there is not a single terrace which does not give the impression of hopeless dereliction". Restoration work followed in the early 1950s. The terrace was mainly occupied by government departments during and after the war, but by 1957 the freeholder of the terrace, the Crown Estate, had adopted the policy of returning it, and the other Nash terraces, to private residential use, as recommended ten years earlier in the report of a government committee on the post-war future of the terraces.
Former residents
There are two blue plaques on the street: one at No. 13 for the architect Charles Robert Cockerell, and one at No. 27 for Air Marshal John Salmond. The politician John Profumo lived at the aforementioned Nash House, No. 3 Chester Terrace, from 1948 until 1965. His former mistress Christine Keeler later lived in the nearby Chester Close North. The composer Arnold Bax lived at No. 19 from 1911 to 1918. The actor Sir Ralph Richardson and his wife Meriel Forbes lived at No. 1 Chester Terrace until 1983. The Ooni of Ife, King Okunade Sijuwade, Olubuse II lived in No. 24. Other residents of Chester Terrace have included the artist Aubrey Beardsley, the Nigerian businessman MKO Abiola, the architect Charles Cockerell, the surgeon William Coulson, the Nigerian diplomat Philip Asiodu, the swindler Leopold Redpath, and the journalist Emma Tennant, who was born there.
In popular culture
This location was used for The Avengers episode "You'll Catch Your Death" (1968). It featured in the 1997 film version of George Orwell's Keep The Aspidistra Flying. It is a major location in the film The End of the Affair (1955). It also features in the film The Nanny (1965).
It is shown in the 1968 Robert Wise musical film Star!, in a brief scene during which Gertrude Lawrence (played by Julie Andrews) receives a writ for unpaid bills. The location is also featured in the film Mrs Henderson Presents as the home of Laura Henderson (played by Judi Dench).
Gallery
See also
List of eponymous roads in London
References
External links
Chester Terrace in 1827. Painting by Thomas H. Shepherd
Photograph about 1900
Streets in the London Borough of Camden
Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden
Grade I listed residential buildings
Houses completed in 1825
John Nash buildings
Decimus Burton buildings
James Burton (property developer) buildings
Regent's Park
Regency architecture in London |
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