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Handeloh is a municipality in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Geography
Location
Handeloh lies between the rivers Seeve and Este, south of Buchholz in der Nordheide. The Harburg Hills lie to the northwest and the Lüneburg Heath Nature Reserve to the southeast. The parish belongs to the collective municipality of Tostedt, whose seat is in the village of Tostedt.
Neighbouring communities
Welle
Otter
Undeloh
Buchholz in der Nordheide
Sub-divisions
Handeloh has the following sub-divisions: Handeloh, Höckel, Inzmühlen and Wörme.
Politics
Parish council
The parish council, which was elected on 11 September 2011, is made up as follows:
Freie Wählergemeinschaft Handeloh 4 seats
CDU 4 seats
SPD 2 seats
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen 2 seats
single candidate 1 seat
(as at: the local elections on 11 September 2011)
Coat-of-arms
On the left hand side of the shield, in the upper half a gold wagon wheel with 8 spokes on green, in the lower half two blue wavy lines on silver, on the right hand side a black pine with four roots on gold.
Meaning: The wagon wheel symbolises the former importance of forestry in the parish. The two wavy lines represent the rivers Este and Seeve that flow through the parish. The dense woods are portrayed by the pine tree whose four roots symbolise the four villages in the parish association.
Culture and places of interest
Museums
The Alte Schmiede ("Old Smithy") Natural History Museum and Training School
Exhibitions cover the local bird world, mammals and birds of North Germany, including the coasts, local amphibians and reptiles.
The training school hosts seminars for employees in nature conservation management and support.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
The village is served by two stations on the Heath Railway (Heidebahn): Handeloh and Büsenbachtal. The latter also serves the village of Wörme and the Büsenbach valley walking area.
In addition the station of Handeloh on the Heath Railway is the last stop within the HVV tariff zone. However since 2008 season tickets have been valid to Soltau.
Media
A manor house (Reiterhof) in Handeloh was the main setting for the 52-part TV series Neues vom Süderhof.
External links
Handeloh parish
References
Harburg (district) |
The Alliance for Change (, AxC) was a political alliance formed in Mexico for the purpose of contesting the general election of 2 July 2000 against the-then ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party.
History
There were two member parties of the alliance: the National Action Party (Partido Acción Nacional, or PAN), and the Green Ecological Party of Mexico (Partido Verde Ecologista de México, or PVEM).
With 43.43% of the popular vote in a three-horse race, the Alliance for Change's candidate for the position of President of Mexico, Vicente Fox, was declared the winner of the election, putting an end to 70 years of hegemonic rule by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Between them, the two parties also won 221 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (of 500) and 51 in the Senate (of 128).
Dissolution
One year after Fox took office, however, the PVEM publicly broke with the PAN as regards its support for him. Since then, the PVEM has more frequently allied itself with the PRI to fight gubernatorial and local elections.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Congressional elections
Chamber of Deputies
Senate elections
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
National Action Party (Mexico)
2000 elections in Mexico
Political organizations based in Mexico
2000 in Mexican politics
Vicente Fox
Defunct political party alliances in Mexico |
Usage-based insurance (UBI), also known as pay as you drive (PAYD), pay how you drive (PHYD) and mile-based auto insurance, is a type of vehicle insurance whereby the costs are dependent upon type of vehicle used, measured against time, distance, behavior and place.
This differs from traditional insurance, which attempts to differentiate and reward "safe" drivers, giving them lower premiums and/or a no-claims bonus. However, conventional differentiation is a reflection of history rather than present patterns of behaviour. This means that it may take a long time before safer (or more reckless) patterns of driving and changes in lifestyle feed through into premiums.
Concept
The simplest form of usage-based insurance bases the insurance costs simply on distance driven. However, the general concept of pay as you drive includes any scheme where the insurance costs may depend not just on how much you drive but how, where, and when one drives.
Pay as you drive (PAYD) means that the insurance premium is calculated dynamically, typically according to the amount driven. There are three types of usage-based insurance:
Coverage is based on the odometer reading of the vehicle.
Coverage is based on mileage aggregated from GPS data, or the number of minutes the vehicle is being used as recorded by a vehicle-independent module transmitting data via cellphone or RF technology.
Coverage is based on other data collected from the vehicle, including speed and time-of-day information, historic riskiness of the road, driving actions in addition to distance or time travelled.
The formula can be a simple function of the number of miles driven, or can vary according to the type of driving or the identity of the driver. Once the basic scheme is in place, it is possible to add further details, such as an extra risk premium if someone drives too long without a break, uses their mobile phone while driving, or travels at an excessive speed.
Telematic usage-based insurance (i.e. the latter two types, in which vehicle information is automatically transmitted to the system) provides a much more immediate feedback loop to the driver, by changing the cost of insurance dynamically with a change of risk. This means drivers have a stronger incentive to adopt safer practices. For example, if a commuter switches to public transport or to working at home, this immediately reduces the risk of rush hour accidents. With usage-based insurance, this reduction would be immediately reflected in the cost of car insurance for that month.
The smartphone as measurement probe for insurance telematics has been surveyed
Another form of usage-based insurance is PHYD (Pay How You Drive). Similar to PAYD, but also brings in additional sensors like accelerometer to monitor driving behavior.
Potential benefits
Social and environmental benefits from more responsible and less unnecessary driving.
Commercial benefits to the insurance company from better alignment of insurance with actual risk. Improved customer segmentation.
Potential cost-savings for responsible customers.
Technology that powers UBI/PAYD enables other vehicle-to-infrastructure solutions including drive-through payments, emergency road assistance, etc.
More choice for consumers on type of car insurance available to buy.
Social benefits from accessibility to affordable insurance for young drivers - rather than paying for irresponsible peers, with this type of insurance young drivers pay for how they drive.
Higher-risk drivers pay most per use, thus have highest incentive to change driving patterns or get off the roads, leaving roads more safe.
For telematic usage-based insurance: Continuous tracking of vehicle location enhances both personal security and vehicle security. The GPS technology could be used to trace the vehicle whereabouts following an accident, breakdown or theft.
The same GPS technology can often be used to provide other (non insurance) benefits to consumers, e.g. satellite navigation.
Gamification of the data encourages good driver behavior by comparison with other drivers.
Potential drawbacks
There are limits to the ability of any insurance system to predict future risk, including usage-based insurance. Some lower-risk drivers will still subsidize some higher-risk drivers, to some extent.
For usage pricing, driving habits must be documented, raising privacy concerns especially in the case of systems which use continuous GPS tracking of vehicles. Personal information such as where you drive may also be inferred using only data such as speed and distance driven.
Pricing plans based on behavior may be harder to compare between insurance companies, making it more difficult for consumers to price shop and reducing competition.
Patents
There are several issued patents and pending patent applications that have been filed worldwide on various inventions related to telematic auto insurance. These include:
"Individual evaluation system for motorcar risk"
"Motor vehicle monitoring system for determining a cost of insurance" Progressive auto insurance
"Reporting of meter indication " Movelo
"Determination of activity rate of portable electronic equipment" Movelo
"Vehicular Insurance Bill Calculating System, On-Vehicle Device, and Server Device", Toyota
"Insurance Fee Calculation Device, Insurance Fee Calculation Program, Insurance Fee Calculation Method, and Insurance Fee Calculation System", AIOI Insurance Company.
In order to make sure that patents did not hinder its Pay as You Drive development program, Norwich Union purchased the UK version of EP0700009 and obtained an exclusive license to any EU patents that may emerge from Progressive's EU patent applications.
In June 2010, Progressive Auto Insurance filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Liberty Mutual over one of Progressive’s Pay As You Drive auto insurance patents.
In September 2010 Progressive Auto Insurance filed a declaratory judgment lawsuit against Hughes Telematics to have several its patents covering OBDII mounted wireless data loggers declared invalid. Progressive uses these devices from a competitive supplier, Xirgo Technologies.
Impaired driving
Telematics have been proposed or utilised in order to detect distracted driving. The use of telematics to detect drunk driving and Texting while driving has been proposed. A US patent application combining this technology with a usage based insurance product was open for public comment on peer to patent.
References
External links
"Drive Less, Pay Less for Insurance" Environmental Defense Fund (Nov. 12, 2008)
Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance advocacy organisation (British Columbia, Canada)
"Insurer launches per-mile cover" BBC News Report (October 5, 2006)
"Motorists 'must pay for road use' BBC News Report (December 1, 2006)
Texas Driving Research Study
Big Brother in the Back Seat, Electronic Design Magazine, Sept. 06, 2004
PriPAYD: Privacy Friendly Pay-As-You-Drive by Troncoso et al. (Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society 2007)
Pay at the Pump
The Economist (February 23, 2013)
UBI set for the mainstream? (February 26, 2013)
Vehicle insurance
Transport economics |
```xml
export * from "./clear-clipboard";
export * from "./copy-to-clipboard-command";
export * from "./generate-password-to-clipboard-command";
``` |
Victor William Kliesrath (May 27, 1880 – December 21, 1939) was vice president of Bendix Corporation, motorboat racer, and the inventor of the Bragg-Kliesrath brake with Caleb Bragg. They sold the company to Bendix Corporation in the late 1920s.
Life
Kliesrath was born on May 27, 1880, to Jacob Kliesrath and Ida Baumbach. In speedboat racing, Kliesrath won the APBA Challenge Cup race multiple times – first in Red Bank, New Jersey, in 1930 and then in Lake Montauk, New York, in 1931.
He died on December 21, 1939, at his home in Flower Hill, New York, after a long battle with an illness.
References
1880 births
1939 deaths
Flower Hill, New York people
American motorboat racers
APBA Challenge Cup
Bendix Corporation people |
The Belarusian men's national ice hockey team (; ) is the national ice hockey team that represented Belarus. The team is controlled by the Belarusian Ice Hockey Association. Belarus was ranked 14th in the world by the IIHF as of the 2021 World Ranking.
The team achieved their best result at the Winter Olympics in the quarter-finals of the 2002 Winter Olympics where they beat Sweden and ultimately finished fourth. At the 2005 and 2006 World Championships their coach was Glen Hanlon, who brought their best-ever result in the IIHF World Championship – 6th place in 2006. He was succeeded by Curt Fraser, who led the team in 2007 and 2008. Hanlon returned to coach the team for the 2009 World Championships in Switzerland.
Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Ice Hockey Federation banned all Belarusian national and club teams from its events indefinitely, and Hockey Canada banned Belarus's "participation in events held in Canada that do not fall under the IIHF’s jurisdiction." In April 2022, the Federation banned Belarus from participating in the 2023 IIHF World Championship.
Tournament record
Olympic Games
World Championship
Team
Current roster
Roster for the 2021 IIHF World Championship.
Head coach: Mikhail Zakharov
Retired numbers
24 – Ruslan Salei
All-time record
.
Uniform evolution
References
External links
IIHF profile
National ice hockey teams in Europe
1992 establishments in Belarus |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package com.haulmont.cuba.gui.model.impl;
import com.haulmont.cuba.gui.model.CollectionPropertyContainer;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Standard implementation of sorting {@link CollectionPropertyContainer}s.
*/
public class CollectionPropertyContainerSorter extends BaseContainerSorter {
public CollectionPropertyContainerSorter(CollectionPropertyContainer container) {
super(container);
}
@Override
public CollectionPropertyContainer getContainer() {
return (CollectionPropertyContainer) super.getContainer();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
protected void setItemsToContainer(List list) {
getContainer().setDisconnectedItems(list);
}
}
``` |
Final Fantasy Legend II, known in Japan as SaGa 2: Hihou Densetsu, is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the Game Boy. The second entry in the SaGa series, it was released in 1990 in Japan, and in 1991 in North America. A later edition was released in North America in 1998 through Sunsoft. A remake for the Nintendo DS was released in 2009 by Square Enix, remaining exclusive to Japan. The Game Boy version was later ported to the Nintendo Switch and released worldwide by Square Enix in 2020, with later ports to Android, iOS and Microsoft Windows in 2021.
The game's narrative follows the protagonist as they search for their father, who left them one of the seventy-seven magical MAGI stones, going on to explore the worlds connected by the Pillar of Sky. During gameplay, players explore and fight in turn-based battles, with character attributes randomly increased upon victory. The DS remake uses a system of ability and statistical increases based on battle actions, and incorporates a multiplayer boss arena.
Production began in 1989 after the success of The Final Fantasy Legend. Series creator Akitoshi Kawazu returned as director, and artist Katsutoshi Fujioka returned to design the cover and help with level design. The music was co-composed by Nobuo Uematsu and newcomer Kenji Ito. Final Fantasy Legend II was largely well-received worldwide during its original release, with many calling it better than the first SaGa, and it sold 850,000 units by 2002. Following the game's release, Kawazu led development on Romancing SaGa (1992) for the Super Famicom, while another team based on Osaka developed Final Fantasy Legend III (1991) for the Game Boy.
Gameplay
Final Fantasy Legend II, known in Japan as SaGa 2: Hihou Densetsu, is a role-playing video game. Set in a science fiction-based world, players take on the role of a four-person party with both humans and monsters able to be recruited. Most of the gameplay is carried over from the first game. The player navigates a party of four character through the game world, exploring areas and interacting with non-player characters (NPCs). Most of the game occurs in towns, castles, caves, and similar areas, all viewed from a top-down perspective.
The party slowly unlocks new worlds to explore, starting with the First World, and are able to save anywhere outside combat. Players can journey between locations via the world map, a downsized representation of the different worlds. Players can freely navigate around the world map screen unless restricted by terrain, such as water or mountains. During exploration, the party can talk with NPCs to gather information about how to progress the narrative, with notes being collected in a journal.
Like The Final Fantasy Legend, travel is occasionally interrupted by random enemy encounters. The game uses a turn-based battle system, where party members take turns using abilities such as attacks, spells, and items. At the end of battles, character statistics (stats) are raised randomly, with different upgrades between character types. Downed units are restored to full health at the end of a battle. If all characters fall in battle, they can be revived by the character Odin in exchange for needing to fight him in the future. The party will find magical stones called MAGI that can be equipped for new abilities and upgrades.
Synopsis
In a search for their missing father, the player-created protagonist seeks out the 77 MAGI stones formed when the statue of the goddess Isis was smashed. Teaming up with three other adventurers, the protagonist collects the MAGI from across a series of worlds connected by the Pillar of Sky. The protagonist's father is revealed to have belonged to a group called the Guardians, who fear bringing together all the MAGI will bring about catastrophe. When the protagonist finds all but one of the MAGI, the god Apollo extorts the gathered MAGI from the party by threatening their allies. As one MAGI is missing, Apollo's attempt to use them goes wrong and all the worlds connected to the Pillar of Sky are struck by earthquakes. Descending the Pillar of Sky, the party restores Isis and with her help defeats the mechanical Arsenals acting as the Pillar of Sky's security system so Isis can restore the worlds unimpeded. The game ends with the protagonist going on a new adventure with their parents.
Development
Production on Final Fantasy Legend II began following the release and success of The Final Fantasy Legend (Makai Toushi SaGa) in 1989, also for the Game Boy. Kawazu had not anticipated a sequel, so the game initially refined the mechanics of the previous title. The staff included planner Hiromichi Tanaka, who Kawazu attributed with pushing forward production and polishing the final game. Kawazu had to wait for Tanaka to finish his work on Final Fantasy III, among other staff members who joined the project. Production was further delayed as developer and publisher Square moved to new headquarters in Akasaka, Tokyo. After these delays, development moved faster than the first game, as all systems beside the world setting were identical. The game was developed by a team of ten staff, including Kawazu and Tanaka. Kawazu acted as director, writer, and a co-designer with Tanaka and Toshiyuki Inoue. The "Teacher" character was based on Minwu, a player character from Final Fantasy II. Odin's role of reviving the player in exchange for a battle was implemented by Kawazu as a surprise for players. The Japanese cover art and character designs were created by Katsutoshi Fujioka, cover artist for the original SaGa. Fujioka also handled level design layout. In a later interview, Kawazu felt the game was truly "complete" compared to the first game.
Music
The music was co-composed by Nobuo Uematsu and Kenji Ito. While Uematsu had previously worked on the first SaGa, Ito had only just joined the company and this was his first title for Square. At the time, Uematsu was busy working on music for Final Fantasy IV, so Ito was brought in to create half the tracks. Composing for the game was a challenge for Ito as he had no experience with programming, needing to learn on the job. His first completed piece was the track "The Land of Peace"; as he had no experience with the short looping tracks common at the time, the theme was notably long. Kawazu asked for tracks based on particular scenes and moods, keeping the console's memory limitations in mind. Despite precautions, the number of planned parallel sounds was reduced, and several tracks needed to be cut.
A compilation album featuring music from the three Game Boy SaGa titles, All Sounds of SaGa, was published in 1991 by NTT Publishing. The music was released in a soundtrack album in 2018 alongside music from the original SaGa and SaGa 3.
Release
Square published the game in Japan as SaGa 2, on December 14, 1990. The game box and manual were larger than its peers, as the team wanted the product to stand-out. Two guidebooks were published by NTT Publishing in December 1990 and February 1991. During its first print run, the game contained a bug where a button press in a particular situation caused a crash. In North America, the game was released by Square in November 1991. The translation was handled by Kaoru Moriyama. Sunsoft later licensed the game for a reprint in April 1998 alongside the other three Square titles for the Game Boy. Square rebranded the game under the Final Fantasy moniker in English territories, capitalizing on the recognized brand to grow its regional presence.
In 2020, the Game Boy original was re-released alongside the other Game Boy SaGa titles for the Nintendo Switch to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the SaGa series. The collection was published worldwide by Square Enix on December 19 under the title Collection of SaGa: Final Fantasy Legend. It was a digital exclusive release, and included English and Japanese text options worldwide. Production began at Square Enix so players could enjoy the original SaGa trilogy on modern hardware. While Kawazu had earlier plans to bring the originals onto newer hardware, the series' 30th anniversary provided a good opportunity to fulfil his wish. The port included color and resolution options, higher speed options during gameplay, control options that emulated the Game Boy console, a commemorative track created by Ito, and new artwork by Fujioka. The minor adjustments were done to reflect modern gaming tastes, but otherwise the games were unaltered. While the titles were rebranded as part of the SaGa series, they kept the Final Fantasy branding in their subtitle to avoid confusion for original players. This edition was the first time the Game Boy titles released in Europe. This version was released for Android and iOS on September 22, 2021, and later for Microsoft Windows through Steam on October 21.
Nintendo DS remake
A remake for the DS titled SaGa 2 Hihō Densetsu: Goddess of Destiny was announced in January 2009. Production of the remake began in 2007. Directed by Kawazu, the remake used fully three-dimensional cel-shaded graphics. Kawazu stated that he and his team had been planning a remake of the game ever since they remade the first SaGa for the WonderSwan Color in 2002, and went ahead with the project now that they felt "the time was right". Youichi Yoshimoto, who had previously worked on Unlimited Saga, was appointed project supervisor. Gen Kobayashi, character designer for Square Enix's The World Ends with You, provided the game's new promotional and character artwork. Ito returned as composer, both arranging his own and Uematsu's music, and adding new tracks.
Development was handled by Racjin. While Kawazu kept the original story and short playtime, new gameplay features were added. Goddess of Destiny was released on September 17, 2009. The date coincided with the 20th anniversary of the SaGa series, and the remake was made available as part of a limited-edition Nintendo DSi bundle. The SaGa 2 remake remains exclusive to Japan, though a fan translation was developed. Kawazu attributed the lack of localization to uncertainty within Square Enix as to whether the West would accept such an unconventional title.
Goddess of Destiny changed the camera perspective from top-down to an angled 3D view. Battles here are triggered by engaging enemy sprites during exploration similar to later SaGa titles. The remake also changes level-up bonuses from a random system to a defined growth table for each character type. Other new additions are the ability to chain more than one encounter for a boost in experience and items, and the new "Thread of Fate" mechanic which allows for combining two or more party members' attacks. Using the Thread of Fate also grows character affinity, unlocking additional storyline events. A new multiplayer arena allows up to four players to battle the game's bosses to win various rare items.
Reception
As of 2002, the game had sold 850,000 copies, making it the second best-selling title of the Game Boy SaGa releases. During its first two weeks on sale, the DS remake entered the top ten best-selling games, and sold 124,000 units. By the end of the year, the remake had sold nearly 156,000 units, becoming the 84th best-selling game of 2009 in Japan.
Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu found it easier and more enjoyable that its predecessor, but did not enjoy the removal of its experience point system. Reviewing the 1998 re-release, Dexter Sy of IGN found that the game had aged when compared to more modern role-playing titles, but cited it as the best of the series' Game Boy titles. RPGFans Patrick Gann, writing in a 2000 review, lauded the title as the best of the Legend games, improving on the first game's systems and offering players greater variety in gameplay and exploration.
Reviewing the DS remake, Famitsu approved of the redone graphics and gameplay elements, with one reviewer positively noting how easy it was to play. RPGamers Michael Baker praised the changes to the game's progression system and graphics while remaining faithful to the original game overall. In their own review of the Collection of SaGa compilation, Jordan Rudek of Nintendo World Report praised the second game as better than the original game in terms of its mechanics. Nintendo Lifes Mitch Vogel felt that all three titles in Collection of SaGa were very simplistic by modern standards, with none of them having aged well compared to other titles of their time. RPGamers Elmon Dean Todd, in a standalone review of the game's Switch port, referred to it as one of the Game Boy's best RPGs, though he also felt that the game had aged poorly for modern tastes.
Legacy
During Nintendo Powers annual awards, Final Fantasy Legend II was nominated for "Most Challenging Game Boy Game" of 1991. GameDaily named it alongside the related Game Boy Final Fantasy titles as definitive games for the system. The sentiment was shared by gaming magazines Electronic Gaming Monthly and Pocket Games, the latter of which ranked the titles together 8th out of the Top 50 games for the Game Boy. In March 2006, the title was voted the 94th best game of all time by the readers of Famitsu magazine as part of its "All Time Top 100" poll.
Following the release of Final Fantasy Legend II, Nintendo asked Square to produce a new SaGa game for their in-development Super Famicom. The resultant game, Romancing SaGa, was released in 1992 under Kawazu, with Ito returning as sole composer. Due to continued demand for a new entry on the Game Boy, Square's newly-established Osaka studio produced Final Fantasy Legend III in parallel, releasing it in Japan in 1991 and in North America in 1993. Final Fantasy Legend III was the only SaGa game produced without Kawazu's involvement.
References
Notes
External links
Official Game Boy version info page
Official Nintendo DS version website
Official Nintendo DS version development blog
1990 video games
Android (operating system) games
Final Fantasy video games
Game Boy games
IOS games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo Switch games
Role-playing video games
SaGa
Top-down video games
Video game remakes
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Video games scored by Kenji Ito
Video games scored by Nobuo Uematsu
Video games with cel-shaded animation
Windows games |
ABP Sanjha is the Punjabi language news channel, launched in 2014, by Media Content and Communication Services (MCCS), a news broadcasting company, owned by the ABP Group.
See also
Lists of television channels in India
References
External links
24-hour television news channels in India
Punjabi-language television channels in India
Television channels and stations established in 2014
ABP Group
2014 establishments in Chandigarh
24-hour television news channels |
Fariba Vafi (; born 21 January 1963) is an Iranian writer. She is of Azerbaijani descent.
Biography
Fariba Vafi was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1963 in a middle-class family. She started writing early in school and later authored short stories.
Her first short story collection Dar Omghe Sahneh (In the depth of the Stage) was published by Cheshmeh Publishers in 1996. Her second, Hatta Vagti Mikhandim [Even While we Are Laughing] was published by "Nashr-e Markaz" Publishing co. in the fall of 1999 and translated into Armenian in 2020. In 2002 Nashr-e Markaz published Vafi's first novel Parandeye Man [My Bird]. This novel received the Golshiri and Yalda awards and has had thirty-five printings. It was translated into English by Syracuse University Press in 2009, into Italian by Ponte 33 in 2010, into German in 2012 by Rotbuch Verlag and into Kurdish in 2011 and into Turkish 2016 and into Armenian in 2020.
Her second novel Tarlan was published by Nashr- e Markaz in 2004, it was translated into German by Sujet Verlag in 2015 and won LiBeratur prize in 2017. Her novel The Dream of Tibet was published by Nashr-e Markaz in 2005 and translated into German in 2019. This novel received the Hooshang Golshiri Literary Award for 'Best Novel'. Her novel The secret in the Alleys was published in 2008 and was translated into French by Zulma in 2011 and also into Norwegian. a short story collection An den Regen was published in German in 2021 and a short story Die Reise im Zug was also published in German in the same year.
Her third collection On the Way of Villa was published by Cheshmeh in 2008.
The Moon Becomes Full is her other novel which published in 2011 and in the same year she published her short story collection All The Horizon . Her last novel is After The End published in 2014, her last short story collection is Without Wind Without Oarspublished in 2016. Some of her stories were translated into English, Italian, Turkish, Russian, Swedish, Japanese and Arabic. Vafi is married and has a daughter and a son. She lives in Tehran.
Works
1986: Dar Omq-e-sahneh (In Depth of the Stage), short story collection, Cheshmeh Publishers
1999: Hatta Vaqti Mikhandidim (Even When We Were Laughing), short story collection
2002: Parande-ye-man (My Bird), novel
2006: Tarlan, novel
2007: Rowya-ye-Tabbat (Dream of Tibet), novel,
2008: Razi dar Kucheha (A Mystery at Alleys), novel
2009: " Dar Rahe Vila " (On the Way to the Vila ), short story collection
2011: Hame-ye Ofoq (All the Horizon), short story collection
2012: Mah Kamel Mishavad (The Moon is Getting Full), novel
2014: Baad az Payan ( After the end ), novel
2016: Bi Baad Bi Parou ( without Wind Without Oars ), short story collection
2020: Rooz-e Digare Shoura (Another Day for Shoura), novel
References
1963 births
Living people
Iranian fiction writers
Writers from Tabriz
Iranian women short story writers
21st-century Iranian women writers
Iranian novelists |
Micajah Coffin (August 18, 1734 – May 25, 1827) was an American mariner, trader in the whaling industry and politician who served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.
Early life
Coffin was born to Benjamin and Jedida (née Hussey) Coffin on Nantucket, Province of Massachusetts, August 18, 1734. Of all his siblings, he was the one who became proficient in Latin and was able to have conversations in the Latin language with his father to the admiration and amazement of their friends. He worked as a carpenter in his early years.
Family life
On June 1, 1757, Micajah Coffin, at age 23, married Abigail Coleman, the daughter of Elihu Coleman, a distinguished Quaker preacher of his day in the Nantucket Quaker Meeting House. They had four children: Isaiah, Gilbert, Jedida, and Zenas Coffin. Their youngest son, Zenas Coffin, became one of the most successful of Nantucket's eighteenth century whaling merchants. His first cousin was Sir Admiral Isaac Coffin.
Business career
Coffin was one of the leading mariners and traders in the whaling industry. Coffin and two of his sons, Gilbert Coffin and Zenas Coffin, operated a Nantucket based whaling firm during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries called Micajah Coffin and Sons. Their firm conducted business dealing in whale oil, candles, potash, and supplies to Nantucket. Their firm not only conducted business in eastern United States ports, but also did so in the West Indies, France, Nova Scotia, Brazil, and England. Their firm had great success and laid the foundation for Zenas Coffin's future fortune which he later used to enrich the island.
Coffin's whaling firm's first ships were called "sloops" and went on short whaling cruises and trading cruises. The records show Micajah was either the owner or had business interests in the following "sloops": Fames, Hepzibah, Woolf, Speedwell, Friendship, and Brothers. In 1790, large-scale business began when Micajah bought the ship the Lydia. The Lydia could carry eight hundred barrels of oil (or freight equivalent). The first large-sized ships owned by the firm were: Hebe, Whale, Trial, Diana, Brothers, Phebe, and Cato.
Political career
In 1791, at age 57, Coffin was elected by a large vote as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives representing Nantucket. He served this office for 21 years from 1791 to 1812. For his first 15 years, he was the only representative for Nantucket County.
On May 29, 1795, Coffin offered an act to the House to change their current name of the "Town of Sherborn" in Nantucket County to the "Town of Nantucket" as there was another town with the same name in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts creating confusion for people. On June 8, 1795, this bill was endorsed and signed by Governor Samuel Adams which made it officially changed and known as Nantucket in Nantucket County.
Death
In Coffin's last years, he lost his mental acuteness. Coffin died on May 25, 1827. The Governor of Massachusetts at the time, Levi Lincoln, honored Micajah by visiting him on Nantucket the autumn before his death.
See also
Coffin (whaling family)
Coffin (surname)
External links
Internet Archive copy of Will Gardner's 1949 "The Coffin Saga" book
References
1734 births
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
People from Nantucket, Massachusetts
1827 deaths
Micajah
American sailors
Businesspeople from Massachusetts |
John Lee Hooker on Campus is an album by blues musician John Lee Hooker, released by the Vee-Jay label in 1963.
Reception
AllMusic reviewer Al Campbell wrote: "John Lee Hooker on Campus is titled to sound like a live recording but it isn't... these 12 tracks originally tried to capitalize on Hooker's emergence on the coffeehouse/college tours he was involved in at the time. This is an electric album that contains excellent material from Hooker, even though the occasional background singers get in the way, attempting to modernize his gritty blues with a smoother soul sound."
Track listing
Album details are taken from the original VeeJay album liner notes. All compositions credited to John Lee Hooker; no other recording information is listed.
Side one
"I'm Leaving" – 2:07
"Love Is a Burning Thing" – 2:56
"Birmingham Blues" – 2:50
"I Want to Shout" – 2:28
"Don't Look Back" – 2:54
"I Want to Hug You" – 2:17
Side two
"Poor Me" – 3:21
"I Want to Ramble" – 2:37
"Half a Stranger" – 2:42
"My Grinding Mill" – 2:22
"Bottle Up and Go" – 2:10
"One Way Ticket" – 2:39
References
John Lee Hooker albums
1963 albums
Vee-Jay Records albums |
Willie Baker was an American Piedmont blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. He recorded eight tracks, playing a twelve-string guitar to back his own strong vocals. All of his recordings took place in January and March 1929 in Richmond, Indiana, United States. Details of his life outside of his recording career are sketchy.
Biography
It is generally supposed that Baker was born in Pierce County, Georgia, United States, although little is known of his upbringing.
One local peculiarity of the area around Atlanta, Georgia, was the number of twelve-string guitar players that emerged in the 1920s. It is an unusual primary instrument for blues musicians to use; and yet the first recording of a male country blues singer was undertaken by a twelve-string guitarist, Ed Andrews, who recorded for Okeh Records in Atlanta in early 1924. Others who appeared and recorded in the next few years from that same general location, included Willie Baker, Blind Willie McTell, Barbecue Bob, Charley Lincoln, Julius Daniels, and George Carter. The brothers Barbecue Bob (Robert Hicks) and Charley Lincoln (Charlie Hicks), plus Curley Weaver were all taught to play by Curley's mother, Savannah "Dip" Shepard Weaver, a well-respected pianist and guitarist. The manner of Baker's open-tuned guitar work, often using a slide, and style of singing, allied him with the Hicks brothers, although it is pure speculation whether they were acquainted with each other. Baker was remembered as playing around Patterson, Georgia, and it is possible that he saw Robert Hicks play in a medicine show in Waycross, Georgia.
What is certain is that Baker recorded a number of sides, probably eight, in January and March 1929 in Richmond, Indiana for Gennett Records.
Baker's lyrics often used common blues parlance of the time. His song "Crooked Woman Blues" contained the lines "It's comin' a time, these women won't need no men / They'll find a wash job, an' money come rollin' in". The term 'wash job' related to the employment of washerwoman. In "Weak-Minded Woman", Baker used the lines "A weak-minded woman will let a rounder tear her down / An' when she get in trouble that rounder can't be found". Weak-minded was a derivative of the standard English sense of lacking in strength of purpose, being used as susceptible to loose sexual morals. As 'weak mind', the idiom survived in the speech of black youths up to the 1970s. In the same song, Baker's use of the term 'take' was meant to denote 'to be seized by, or have an attack of something' as described in the lyrics "Woman take the blues, she gonna buy her paper an' read / Man take them blues he gonna catch a train an' leave". Whereas in "No No Blues", Baker sang "I'm long and tall, like a cannon ball / Take a long-tall man, make a kid gal, make a kid gal squall". 'Long and tall' was often used in blues songs, but is now redundant in everyday speech. In the same song, Baker also used the lines "Take a mighty crooked woman, treat a good man wrong / Take a mighty mean man, take another man, take another man's whore". 'Mean' as used here indicated a man of disreputable or amoral intent. Other musicians of that period such as Blind Lemon Jefferson, Freddie Spruell and Charley Patton all used the word in their song lyrics with equal meaning.
Commenting on one of Baker's song titles, "Bad Luck Moan", one historian noted that the term 'moan' was common in both lyrics and song titles on early blues recordings, but that usage generally dried up around 1930. It was used back then to describe a lover's dirge, as in Son House's description of his friend Charley Patton's track, "Mean Black Moan". This accords to the dictionary variant of the word 'moan' meaning a lament in poetical terms.
In recording "Ain't It A Good Thing?", Baker following a short spoken introduction of "Yes! I'm always have more than one"; then boasted as he sang "When I was young, in my prime / I kept a gang of women all the time".
In the mid-1960s, some unreliable sightings placed Baker in Miami, Florida, but it is not certain if this was the same individual who recorded for Gennett. A decade later, Baker's work was assessed in the publication Formulaic Lines and Stanzas in the Country Blues.
Pseudonyms and confusion of identity
Some of the Gennett recordings were later reissued on subsidiary labels, such as Champion and Supertone. These often employed a pseudonym for the original artist, with the express desire of avoiding paying the musician's royalties.
Thus Baker's sides were also later released as by 'Steamboat Bill and His Guitar' (Champion label) and 'Willie Jones and His Guitar' (Supertone label). The one oddity is that in 1934, Varsity Records issued Baker's 1929 track "No No Blues" as the B-side to Handy Archie's A-side, "Miss Handy Hanks". Handy Archie was in itself a pseudonym for one Archie Lewis, although he is not to be confused with the later Jamaican singer of the same name.
Baker's own identity has been the subject of speculation over the ensuing decades among blues historians. Some puzzled whether Baker was another Gennett Records inspired pseudonym, with both Barbecue Bob and Charley Lincoln the most likely true performers. One source noted that although Baker's voice on "Sweet Patunie Blues" sounds similar to Lincoln's own vocal stylings, they doubted either of the Hicks brothers would pay their own travel expenses from Georgia to Indiana, to record a few tracks under an assumed name.
This apparent confusion is exemplified in the compilation album titled, Atlanta Blues : Charley Lincoln & Willie Baker 1927 – 1930. This contains each performers work, and yet seemingly credits Baker's "Mamma, Don't Rush Me Blues" not once, but twice, to Lincoln.
Discography
Singles
Selected compilation albums
Complete Recorded Works (1927–1939) (Document, 1984)
The Georgia Blues Guitarists (P-Vine, 2002)
The Rough Guide to Unsung Heroes of Country Blues, Vol. 2 (World Music Network, 2015)
See also
List of Piedmont blues musicians
References
External links
Willie Baker – "Ain't It A Good Thing?" @ YouTube
Willie Baker – "No No Blues" @ YouTube
Discogs.com listing
Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues singers
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Guitarists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Piedmont blues musicians
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singers
20th-century American guitarists
American male songwriters |
Kalenić may refer to:
Kalenić (Belgrade), an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia
Kalenić market, one of major open markets in Belgrade, Serbia
Kalenić (Ub), a village near Ub in Central Serbia
Kalenićki Prnjavor, a village near Rekovac in Central Serbia
Kalenić Monastery, a Serbian Orthodox monastery
Kalenići, village near Požega in Central Serbia |
Kemp Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica that lies between the head of Edward VIII Bay, at 56°25′E, and William Scoresby Bay, at 59°34′E. It is named for a British sealing captain, Peter Kemp, who discovered land in this vicinity in 1833.
References
Coasts of Antarctica
Landforms of Kemp Land |
Ruslan Anatolyevich Odizhev (; December 5, 1973 – June 27, 2007), born as Ruslan Anatolyevich Seleznyov (), was a citizen of Russia who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 211 and he was listed as "Ruslan Anatolivich Odijev, born at Prolandnom, Russia".
Life
Sleznyov was born in Prokhladny, Kabardino-Balkar Republic of North Caucasus. When he was six, his parents divorced and he went to live with his mother in the neighbouring town of Nalchik. At school, he was very interested in religion and Islamic history. At the age of 18, he joined the then recently opened Islamic Institute. Afraid they would not accept him with the Russian name Seleznyov he dropped it for the more Islamic name Odizhev. He studied there one year before joining the Confederation of Caucasus Peoples' Kabardin Battalion who fought in the Abkhaz rebellion against Georgia in 1992. When the barge that his platoon was on, sank, he had to stay in ice-cold water for hours and damaged his lungs. One year later, he returned to the Islamic Institute, but soon left it to study at Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He came back in 1994.
From 1999, Odizhev was targeted by the FSB who suspected him of participation in terrorist activities, particularly the Russian apartment bombings. In May 2000, he was taken away from home by masked men to be interrogated, and according to claims by him and his mother, tortured by the FSB in Pyatigorsk. He was released ten days later. The FSB denied all involvement.
Odizhev left Nalchik, telling his mother that he was going to Pakistan to complete his religious studies. He was however taken as a prisoner of war by American forces, and sent to Guantanamo prison.
On February 27, 2004, Odizhev, together with six other persons of Russian nationality (including Rasul Kudayev, who also lived in Nalchik) was extradited to Russia. All seven ex-prisoners were sent to the White Swan isolation camp at Pyatigorsk on charges of illegally crossing Russian borders and being a mercenary. In June 2004, it was decided that the charges could not be proven and all seven accused were freed.
Back in Nalchik, according to Russian OMON, Odizhev soon became re-acquainted with Anzor Astemirov, an Islamic cleric who claimed being connected to Shamil Basayev and a friend of Odizhev from 2000.
On June 14, 2006, Odizhev was included among a list of those who had taken part in the 2005 Nalchik raid, published on the internet by the MVD of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. According to the police, Odizhev had headed the group of fighters who attacked OMON headquarters.
On June 27, 2007, Odizhev was killed in the centre of Nalchik, in an apartment block on Schokenzukov Prospekt, facing the local (official) mosque, while resisting arrest, together with Anzor Tengizov. Police authorities reiterated that charges against Odizhev included involvement in the 1999 bombings.
Geydar Dzhemal', of the Islamic Committee of Russia, claimed that Odizhev's guilt had not been established and that he could have been captured alive.
Claims he "returned to terrorism"
The Defense Intelligence Agency asserted Odizhev had "returned to terrorism".
The DIA reported:
References
Sources
Biography of Ruslan Odizhev
1973 births
2007 deaths
People from Prokhladny, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Russian extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
Guantanamo detainees known to have been released
People extradited from the United States
People extradited to Russia |
Coquena is a genus of small-headed fly found in Argentina and Chile. It was first established by Evert I. Schlinger in 2013.
The genus is named after the Coquena legend of north-western Argentina. The type species, Coquena stangei, is named after Dr. Lionel A. Stange, who collected the type series.
Species
The genus includes two species:
Coquena coquimbensis González & Ramírez, 2021 – Chile
Coquena stangei Schlinger in Schlinger, Gillung & Borkent, 2013 – Argentina
References
Acroceridae
Nemestrinoidea genera
Diptera of South America
Arthropods of Argentina
Arthropods of Chile |
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"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article "The Apportionment of Human Diversity", that the practice of dividing humanity into races is taxonomically invalid because any given individual will often have more in common genetically with members of other population groups than with members of their own. Edwards argued that this does not refute the biological reality of race since genetic analysis can usually make correct inferences about the perceived race of a person from whom a sample is taken, and that the rate of success increases when more genetic loci are examined.
Edwards' paper was reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther in a 2018 anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support.
Some scholars, including Winther and Jonathan Marks, dispute the premise of "Lewontin's fallacy", arguing that Edwards' critique does not actually contradict Lewontin's argument. A 2007 paper in Genetics by David J. Witherspoon et al. concluded that the two arguments are in fact compatible, and that Lewontin's observation about the distribution of genetic differences across ancestral population groups applies "even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used".
Lewontin's argument
In the 1972 study "The Apportionment of Human Diversity", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (FST) statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined "races" (Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a "race", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, "Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance."
This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups are not caused by genetic differences. One example is the "Statement on 'Race'" published by the American Anthropological Association in 1998, which rejected the existence of races as unambiguous, clearly demarcated, biologically distinct groups.
Edwards' critique
Edwards argued that while Lewontin's statements on variability are correct when examining the frequency of different alleles (variants of a particular gene) at an individual locus (the location of a particular gene) between individuals, it is nonetheless possible to classify individuals into different racial groups with an accuracy that approaches 100 percent when one takes into account the frequency of the alleles at several loci at the same time. This happens because differences in the frequency of alleles at different loci are correlated across populations—the alleles that are more frequent in a population at two or more loci are correlated when we consider the two populations simultaneously. Or in other words, the frequency of the alleles tends to cluster differently for different populations.
In Edwards' words, "most of the information that distinguishes populations is hidden in the correlation structure of the data". These relationships can be extracted using commonly used ordination and cluster analysis techniques. Edwards argued that, even if the probability of misclassifying an individual based on the frequency of alleles at a single locus is as high as 30% (as Lewontin reported in 1972), the misclassification probability becomes close to zero if enough loci are studied.
Edwards' paper stated that the underlying logic was discussed in the early years of the 20th century. Edwards wrote that he and Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza had presented a contrasting analysis to Lewontin's, using very similar data, already at the 1963 International Congress of Genetics. Lewontin participated in the conference but did not refer to this in his later paper. Edwards argued that Lewontin used his analysis to attack human classification in science for social reasons.
Support and criticism
Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins discusses genetic variation across human races in his book The Ancestor's Tale. In the chapter "The Grasshopper's Tale", he characterizes the genetic variation between races as a very small fraction of the total human genetic variation, but he disagrees with Lewontin's conclusions about taxonomy, writing: "However small the racial partition of the total variation may be, if such racial characteristics as there are highly correlate with other racial characteristics, they are by definition informative, and therefore of taxonomic significance." Neven Sesardić has argued that, unbeknownst to Edwards, Jeffry B. Mitton had already made the same argument about Lewontin's claim in two articles published in The American Naturalist in the late 1970s.
Biological anthropologist Jonathan M. Marks agrees with Edwards that correlations between geographical areas and genetics obviously exist in human populations but goes on to write: What is unclear is what this has to do with 'race' as that term has been used through much in the twentieth century—the mere fact that we can find groups to be different and can reliably allot people to them is trivial. Again, the point of the theory of race was to discover large clusters of people that are principally homogeneous within and heterogeneous between, contrasting groups. Lewontin's analysis shows that such groups do not exist in the human species, and Edwards' critique does not contradict that interpretation. The view that while geographic clustering of biological traits does exist, this does not lend biological validity to racial groups, was proposed by several evolutionary anthropologists and geneticists prior to the publication of Edwards' critique of Lewontin.
In the 2007 paper "Genetic Similarities Within and Between Human Populations", Witherspoon et al. attempt to answer the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?" The answer depends on the number of polymorphisms used to define that dissimilarity, and the populations being compared. When they analysed three geographically distinct populations (European, African, and East Asian) and measured genetic similarity over many thousands of loci, the answer to their question was "never"; however, measuring similarity using smaller numbers of loci yielded substantial overlap between these populations. Rates of between-population similarity also increased when geographically intermediate and admixed populations were included in the analysis.
Witherspoon et al. write: Since an individual's geographic ancestry can often be inferred from his or her genetic makeup, knowledge of one's population of origin should allow some inferences about individual genotypes. To the extent that phenotypically important genetic variation resembles the variation studied here, we may extrapolate from genotypic to phenotypic patterns. ... However, the typical frequencies of alleles responsible for common complex diseases remain unknown. The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our finding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population. Thus, caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes. Witherspoon et al. add: "A final complication arises when racial classifications are used as proxies for geographic ancestry. Although many concepts of race are correlated with geographic ancestry, the two are not interchangeable, and relying on racial classifications will reduce predictive power still further."
In a 2014 paper, reprinted in the 2018 Edwards Cambridge University Press volume, Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther argues that "Lewontin's fallacy" is effectively a misnomer, as there really are two different sets of methods and questions at play in studying the genomic population structure of our species: "variance partitioning" and "clustering analysis". According to Winther, they are "two sides of the same mathematics coin" and neither "necessarily implies anything about the reality of human groups".
See also
Race and genetics
Population groups in biomedicine
References
Biology papers
Human population genetics
Race (human categorization)
Biology controversies
Taxonomy (biology) |
The Hyatt Regency Jacksonville, located at 225 East Coastline Drive, is a 19-story high-rise hotel in Jacksonville, Florida. With 951-rooms, it is the largest hotel in North Florida. At , the hotel is the 23rd tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville. Sitting adjacent to the St. Johns River, visitors have access to amenity such as the Northbank Riverwalk, Jacksonville Landing and Florida Theatre, as well as a rooftop pool.
Completed in 2001 under the Adam's Mark banner, Chartres Lodging Group purchased the hotel in 2005 and rebranded it under the Hyatt Regency flag. The hotel changed hands again in 2017 with Ramsfield Hospitality Finance's purchase of the property.
History
The Adam's Mark Jacksonville hotel opened on February 1, 2001. It was the centerpiece of an aggressive plan to attract more conventions to Jacksonville, revitalize the riverfront and secure a bid for Super Bowl XXXIX. The $126 million hotel had 951 guest rooms, 30 meeting rooms and a total of 110,000 square feet of function space.
The hotel complex incorporated the existing Terrace Building, which once served as offices for the State of Florida. Designed in 1975 by local architect William Morgan as the Daniel State Office Building, the Brutalist building combines Pre-Columbian elements, creating a modern step-pyramid design. The six terraces now serve as event space overlooking the river.
Chartres Lodging Group purchased the 966-room Adam's Mark in 2005, and converted the hotel to a Hyatt Regency on April 1, 2005, after a multimillion-dollar renovation. In 2017, Ramsfield Hospitality Finance's purchased of the property in a $24,700,000 transaction.
In 2017, Hurricane Irma forced hundreds out of the hotel after a mandatory evacuation order was placed on all buildings in Flood Zone B. The first floor of the hotel was severely damaged by flooding, closing it for several months. Finally, on February 14, 2018, the first floor lobby and main entrance were reopened to the public after six months of closure.
Gallery
See also
Architecture of Jacksonville
Downtown Jacksonville
References
Hyatt Hotels and Resorts
Hotel buildings completed in 2001
Hotels established in 2001
Downtown Jacksonville
Northbank, Jacksonville
Architecture in Jacksonville, Florida
Skyscrapers in Jacksonville, Florida
Postmodern architecture in Florida
Hotels in Jacksonville
2001 establishments in Florida |
"Go" is a song by the American rappers Moneybagg Yo and Big30, released on April 14, 2021, as a promotional single for Moneybagg's fourth studio album, A Gangsta's Pain. The track was produced by RealRed, Foreverolling and Flex.
Music video
The music video for the track was released on April 26, 2021, and was directed by BenMarc.
Critical reception
Jon Powell of Revolt wrote that the track gave off "aggressive, Midwest-esque vibes" and described the lyrics as "hard-hitting".
Charts
Certifications
References
2021 singles
2021 songs
Moneybagg Yo songs
American hip hop songs
BIG30 songs
Songs written by BIG30 |
Joseph Kaplan (September 8, 1902 – October 3, 1991) was a Hungarian-born American physicist.
Kaplan was notable for his studies of atmospheric phenomena, for his international activities in geophysics.
Kaplan also participated in efforts to launch the first Earth satellite.
Kaplan was a member of the National Academy of Sciences,
a fellow of the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences,
chairman of the U.S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year,
the founder and first director of the Institute of Geophysics at the University of California (later known as the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics),
an aerospace adviser to Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard M. Nixon,
a recipient of the Smithsonian Institution's Hodgkins Medal in 1967,
the head of the Air Force's Air Weather Service during World War II,
a professor and professor emeritus of physics at the University of California, Los Angeles,
a fellow of American Geophysical Union,
an honorary member of American Meteorological Society,
a fellow of American Physical Society,
an honorary member of National Association of Science Writers, and a founding member of the International Academy of Astronautics. Kaplan was President of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) from 1963 to 1967.
The Los Angeles Times said that Kaplan was "a pioneer in the chemistry and physics of the stratosphere".
The Baltimore Sun called him "an expert on auroras and similar lights in the sky".
In 1956, Kaplan warned of anthropogenic climate change. He was quoted in the New York Times saying that "during the next fifty years industrial burning of coal, oil and gas will produce 1,700 billion tons of new carbon dioxide. If all this carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere, the slight general warming that has occurred in northern latitudes may be intensified."
Notable awards and distinctions
the John Adams Fleming Award of the American Geophysical Union (1970)
the Commemorative Medal for the 50th Anniversary of the American Meteorological Society (1969)
the Hodgkins Medal and Prize from the Smithsonian Institution
the Astronautical Award from the American Rocket Society
the War Department's Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1947)
the Air Force's Exceptional Civilian Service Award (1960 and 1969)
the degree of doctor of science from Carleton College and the University of Notre Dame
L.H.D. degrees from Yeshiva University, Hebrew Union College, Jewish Institute of Religion, and the University of Judaism
Career and life
Kaplan was born in Tapolca, Hungary, into a Jewish family, in 1902. In 1910 at the age of 8 he immigrated to the United States with his parents and 11 brothers and sisters. He graduated from Johns Hopkins University with a B.S. degree in chemistry and a M.S. and Ph.D. in physics.
He spent his entire academic career at the University of California at Los Angeles (1928–1970). Kaplan died of a heart attack on October 3, 1991 in Santa Monica, California at the age of 89.
References
1902 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American physicists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
People from Tapolca
Jewish American scientists
Jewish physicists
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
Fellows of the American Physical Society
20th-century American Jews
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Presidents of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics |
Chapel of the Chimes was founded as California Electric Crematory in 1909 as a crematory and columbarium at 4499 Piedmont Avenue, at the entrance of Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California. The present building dates largely from a 1928 redevelopment based on the designs of the architect Julia Morgan. The Spanish Gothic architecture features Moorish motifs and the interior is a maze of small rooms featuring ornate stonework, statues, gardens, fountains, and mosaics.
History
The chapel originates with a crematory built in 1909 by the California Crematorium Association on the site of a trolley car station; the old structure still has train schedules on the wall. Architect Julia Morgan was hired to expand the facility; the new crematory and columbarium were dedicated on Memorial Day 1928, named Chapel of the Chimes for the chimes in the tower. Architect Aaron Green, a protégé of Frank Lloyd Wright, subsequently contributed six additions over 24 years, including mausoleums.
The building maintains its original functions and also serves as the venue for annual music festivals on the winter and summer solstices.
The chapel's owners operate funeral homes and cemeteries, not designed by Morgan, in Hayward, also under the name Chapel of the Chimes, as well as Sunset Lawn Chapel of the Chimes in Sacramento.
Chapel of the Chimes holds the records of the Chapel of Memories on Pleasant Valley Avenue.
Garden of Memory
Garden of Memory has been held 1996–present; this is a columbarium walk-through event held every year on the evening of the summer solstice. It features over 40 musicians performing on unique instruments, or compositions designed for the event. The sound is often electronic or electro-acoustic in source and then electronically processed.
Notable interments
Notable burials include the following:
Harriet Chalmers Adams (1875–1937), explorer
Malcolm Playfair Anderson (1879–1919), explorer and zoologist
Dick Bartell (1907–1995), baseball player
Russ Christopher (1917–1954), baseball player
Frederick George Coppins (1889–1963), Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross in World War I
Al Davis (1929–2011), National Football League executive and Oakland Raiders owner
John A. Elston (1874–1921), US Congressman
Wesley Englehorn (1890–1993), college football player and coach
William Frederick "Bones" Ely (1863–1952), baseball player
John Lee Hooker (1917–2001), musician
Charles Goodall Lee (1881–1973), First Chinese American Dentist
Stephen Stucker (1947–1986), Actor, comedian
Friend Richardson (1865–1943), California governor
Henry Vollmer (1867–1930), mayor of Davenport, Iowa, US Congressman
Herbert Archer (H.A.) Richardson, timber and shipping magnate
Grace Richardson Butterfield, California State Parks Board, Grand Matron of the Eastern Star
See also
List of cemeteries in California
List of electronic music festivals
References
External links
Garden of Memory
Chapel of the Chimes (Oakland, California)
Chapels in California
Columbaria
Julia Morgan buildings
Churches in Oakland, California
Music venues in the San Francisco Bay Area
Cemeteries in Alameda County, California
1909 establishments in California
Cemeteries established in the 1900s
Oakland Designated Landmarks |
Many traditional places were renamed in Pakistan before and after the independence of the country in 1947.
Here is a list of renamed places in Pakistan.
Renamed cities
Renamed districts, towns, and neighbourhoods
Renamed monuments, parks, and roads
See also
Renaming of cities in India
References
English exonyms
Pakistan
Renamed
Policies of Pakistan |
Pseudonaevia is a genus of fungi in the family Dermateaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pseudonaevia caricina.
See also
List of Dermateaceae genera
References
External links
Pseudonaevia at Index Fungorum
Dermateaceae genera
Monotypic Helotiales genera |
Louis-Jean Cormier (born May 26, 1980 in Sept-Îles, Quebec) is a Canadian indie rock singer and songwriter. Formerly associated with the band Karkwa, since that band went on hiatus in 2012 he has recorded and performed as a solo artist and was a judge on the second season of the television singing competition La Voix.
While Cormier was with Karkwa, the band's fourth album Les Chemins de verre won the 2010 Polaris Music Prize, being the first French-language work to win the award.
His 2012 album Le Treizième étage was a longlisted nominee for the 2013 Polaris Music Prize, and won the Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2013. His 2015 album Les Grandes artères was a longlisted nominee for the 2015 Polaris Music Prize.
In early 2015, a group of 125 Québécois musicians and media personalities recorded a charity rendition of Cormier's single "Tout le monde en même temps" as a promotion for a public relations campaign to protect the Société Radio-Canada from funding cuts.
In 2016, he appeared as a duet vocalist on "J'aurai cent ans", the debut single by singer-songwriter Beyries.
In 2018, Cormier collaborated with Serge Fiori on Seul ensemble, a theatrical show comprising new rerecordings of Fiori's classic songs. The show had its theatrical debut in 2019.
Le Ciel est au plancher was a Juno Award nominee for Francophone Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2022.
Discography
Le Treizième étage (2012)
Les Grandes artères (2015)
Quand la nuit tombe (2020) (debuted at No. 24 in Canada)
Le ciel est au plancher (2021)
References
1980 births
Canadian indie rock musicians
Canadian rock singers
Living people
French-language singers of Canada
Singers from Quebec
People from Sept-Îles, Quebec
Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year winners
Canadian Folk Music Award winners
21st-century Canadian male singers
Félix Award winners
Canadian male singer-songwriters
Canadian singer-songwriters
French Quebecers
21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters |
The Black and Indian Mission Office is a Catholic organization in the United States comprising the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, the Commission for the Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians and the Catholic Negro-American Mission Board, which are institutions for mission work that maintain separate functions but operate with one staff and one board of directors.
History
The Bureau and the Commission have shared common offices in Washington, D.C. since 1935 and were joined by the Catholic Negro-American Mission Board in 1980. In 2009, the three institutions adopted the Black and Indian Mission Office as a banner for their joint webpage.
The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions has supported and promoted Catholic missions among Native Americans and has defended the rights of Native Americans. It was founded as the Office of Catholic Commissioner for Indian Missions in 1874 with approval by J. Roosevelt Bayley, the Archbishop of Baltimore.
Since 1887, the Commission for the Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians has administered a national annual Lenten collection to support African American and Native American missions. In 1884, the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore decreed the establishment of the Lenten collection and a commission of three bishops to administer it. Since the 1980s, the Commission and its collection have been known respectively as the Black and Indian Mission Office and the Black and Indian Mission collection.
The Catholic Negro-American Mission Board has supported and promoted Catholic missions among African Americans. It was founded in 1907 as the Catholic Board for Mission Work among the Colored People to provide a second national funding stream for Black Catholic missions.
Archival collections
Marquette University Special Collections and University Archives serves as the archival repository for the three institutions of the Black and Indian Mission office. Their archival records comprise one collection known as the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, which generated the bulk of the records.
References
Attribution
External links
Black and Indian Mission office
Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records at Marquette University.
African-American Roman Catholicism
Native American Roman Catholics
Religious organizations established in 1874
Religious organizations established in 1884
Christian organizations established in 1907
Catholic organizations established in the 19th century
Catholic organizations established in the 20th century
History of Catholicism in the United States
1874 establishments in the United States |
```swift
//
// WebCodeBuilder+createGetTextAction.swift (Detox)
// Created by Asaf Korem (Wix.com) on 2024.
//
/// Extends `WebCodeBuilder` with the ability to create a web get text action JS code.
extension WebCodeBuilder {
/// Creates a JS code that gets the text of an given element.
func createGetTextAction(selector: String) -> String {
return """
((element) => {
if (!element) {
throw new Error('Element not found');
}
return element.textContent.length > 0 ? element.textContent : element.value;
})(\(selector));
"""
}
}
``` |
Viewpoint discrimination is a concept in United States jurisprudence related to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. If a speech act is treated differently by a government entity based on the viewpoint it expresses, this is considered viewpoint discrimination.
References
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
Free speech case law |
Steven Gerald Clifford (born September 17, 1961) is an American professional basketball coach who is the head coach for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He previously served as the head coach of the Orlando Magic.
Early life
Born in Island Falls, Maine, Clifford grew up in Mattawamkeag, Maine, until the third grade, when he moved to Vermont. He played varsity basketball under Gerald Clifford, his father and head coach at North Country Union High School in Newport, Vermont.
Clifford attended the University of Maine at Farmington, where he played college basketball for four years. In his final two seasons, he was team captain and was named Best Defensive Player. He graduated with a degree in special education.
Coaching career
After graduating from college, Clifford became a teacher at Woodland High School in Maine. He also gained his first coaching experience at the school, serving as their head coach for two seasons while leading them to two tournaments. He then served as an assistant coach at St. Anselm College, Fairfield University, Boston University and Siena College. In 1995, he assumed the head coaching duties at Adelphi University and coached for four seasons leading his team to four appearances in the NCAA Division II Tournament, an 86–36 (.705) record and four consecutive 20-win seasons. He was the first coach in the school's history with back-to-back 20-plus win seasons.
Clifford became an NBA assistant coach with the New York Knicks and Houston Rockets under Jeff Van Gundy and quickly developed a reputation as a defensive expert. He then was an assistant for Stan Van Gundy with the Orlando Magic. He considers both the Van Gundy brothers as mentors. He reached the NBA Playoffs in each of his five seasons with Orlando, appearing in the NBA Finals in 2009.
Clifford then joined the Los Angeles Lakers in 2012–13 as an assistant.
Charlotte Bobcats/Hornets
On May 29, 2013, Clifford was hired by the Charlotte Bobcats to be their head coach.
Clifford implemented a defensive mentality in Charlotte during his first year as head coach turning the Charlotte Bobcats into a top five defensive team when in the years prior to his tenure they ranked near the bottom of the NBA in that category. He led the Bobcats to the 2014 NBA playoffs in his first year as head coach, during which he coached the Bobcats to a 43–39 record. The two years prior to him joining the Bobcats only had a combined total of 28 wins. He was named Eastern Conference Coach of the Month for April 2014 after he led the Bobcats to a 7–1 record leading to the playoffs. He finished fourth in Coach of the Year voting in his first year. On December 6, 2017, it was announced that Clifford would not coach indefinitely to deal with his health issue. On January 11, 2018, the Hornets announced that Clifford was medically cleared to return to coaching after a 21-game absence after dealing with sleep deprivation. After the 2017–18 regular season, he was fired as head coach on April 13, 2018, after five seasons coaching the team to a 196–214 record total.
Orlando Magic
On May 30, 2018, Clifford was named the head coach of the Orlando Magic.
The Magic started the 2018–19 season by splitting their first 24 games before falling 11 games under .500 after a 126–117 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. Despite the dismal start, Clifford led the Magic on a dramatic turnaround. On April 7, 2019, Orlando defeated the Boston Celtics 116–108 to clinch their first playoff berth since the 2011–12 season. The win also clinched the Magic's first Southeast Division title since the 2009–10 season. This was the Magic's first playoff appearance since trading Dwight Howard to the Los Angeles Lakers in 2012, ending the longest playoff drought in franchise history.
On June 5, 2021, Clifford and the Magic decided to part ways.
Charlotte Hornets (second stint)
After the 2021–22 NBA season concluded, the Hornets re-hired Clifford as their head coach on June 24, 2022.
Head coaching record
College
NBA
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||43||39|||| align="center"|3rd in Southeast|||4||0||4||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||33||49|||| align="center"|4th in Southeast|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||48||34|||| align="center"|3rd in Southeast|||7||3||4||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||36||46|||| align="center"|4th in Southeast|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||36||46|||| align="center"|3rd in Southeast|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||42||40|||| align="center"|1st in Southeast||5||1||4||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 73||33||40|||| align="center"|2nd in Southeast||5||1||4||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 72||21||51|||| align="center"|5th in Southeast||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||27||55|||| align="center"|5th in Southeast|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career||719||319||400|||| ||21||5||16||||
See also
References
External links
Profile at NBA.com
1961 births
Living people
Adelphi Panthers men's basketball coaches
American basketball scouts
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Maine
Basketball coaches from Vermont
Boston University Terriers men's basketball coaches
Charlotte Bobcats head coaches
Charlotte Hornets head coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
College men's basketball players in the United States
East Carolina Pirates men's basketball coaches
Fairfield Stags men's basketball coaches
High school basketball coaches in Maine
Houston Rockets assistant coaches
Los Angeles Lakers assistant coaches
New York Knicks assistant coaches
New York Knicks scouts
Orlando Magic assistant coaches
Orlando Magic head coaches
People from Aroostook County, Maine
People from Derby, Vermont
People from Penobscot County, Maine
Siena Saints men's basketball coaches
University of Maine at Farmington alumni |
Erica Lindbeck (born May 29, 1992) is an American voice actress best known as the third voice of the Barbie in the eponymous media franchise from 2015 to 2018, succeeding Kelly Sheridan, Emira Blight in The Owl House and Loona in the animated web series Helluva Boss. She also works with ADR companies Bang Zoom!, Studiopolis and NYAV Post in voicing characters in English-dubbed anime and video games.
Career
Having graduated from the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television in 2014, Lindbeck has voiced numerous anime characters including main characters Kaori Miyazono from Your Lie in April, Eli Ayase from the Love Live! series, Irene Urzaiz in The Asterisk War, Ibara Naruse from Coppelion, Ritsuko Akagi in Neon Genesis Evangelion, Kanae Kotonami from Skip Beat! and Oei from Miss Hokusai. She and fellow voice actress Mela Lee hosted their own web series called Lindbeck and Lee with local voice actor guests.
In 2018, Lindbeck voiced the character Felicia Hardy/Black Cat in Insomniac's Spider-Man video game. She later voiced as Ashley in WarioWare Gold.
In 2019, Lindbeck voiced Cassie Cage in NetherRealm's Mortal Kombat 11 video game. She also voiced Millie and Loona in the Helluva Boss pilot in 2019, but only voiced Loona in the full series in 2020, with Vivian Nixon rather voicing Millie. As of 2019, she is the voice of Blaze the Cat and Omochao in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise.
Personal life
On February 3, 2020, Lindbeck came out as bisexual via Twitter. Lindbeck dated voice actor Billy Kametz until his death from colon cancer in June 2022.
On July 9, 2023, she left Twitter after criticizing a video for using a AI-generated voice, without her permission, of a character she voiced, Futaba Sakura singing Bo Burnham’s "Welcome to the Internet". She was harassed by individuals on Twitter following her comments. The original video was removed from YouTube, but the AI cover was reposted by additional accounts. Various voice actors, such as Mike Pollock, Josh Keaton, and Yuri Lowenthal stated their support for Lindbeck and their opposition to "use of AI-generated voices". The account criticized by Lindbeck was later suspended by Twitter for violating the site's terms of service. She returned to the site and resumed posting a week later.
Filmography
Anime
Animation
Film
Video games
Web
References
External links
(currently unresponsive)
1992 births
Living people
Actresses from Boston
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actual play performers
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
UCLA Film School alumni
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American LGBT people
American LGBT actresses
American bisexual actors
Bisexual actresses
Bisexual women
LGBT actresses
LGBT people from Massachusetts
LGBT women |
The following is a list of Wales national rugby team results since 1908
Overall
1900s
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
See also
Rugby league in Wales
List of Wales national rugby league team players
Wales national rugby league team
Wales A (Dragonhearts)
Wales women's national rugby league team
Sources
international results website
External links
Wales results at rugbyleagueproject.org
Rugby league in Wales
Rugby league-related lists
Wales national rugby league team |
Francis Channing Woodworth (1812 – June 5, 1859) was a printer, vicar and a writer.
He was born at Colchester, Connecticut, the nephew of Samuel Woodworth, and began his career as a printer. After eight years he became a preacher, but quit because of health issues. Thereafter he became a writer of juvenile literature, sometimes using pseudonym Theodore Tinker. He was editor of a magazine called The Youth's Cabinet, which his brother D. Austin Woodworth published. Francis died while sailing to New York from Savannah, Georgia.
Bibliography
Stories for little folks
Stories about birds and beasts (1850)
Stories about the country (1850)
A wheat-sheaf: gathered from our own fields (1850)
Our own fields (1850)
The peddler's boy, or, I'll be somebody (1851)
A peep at the beasts (1851)
Stories about birds: with pictures to match (1851)
Uncle Frank's home stories (1851) 6 volumes
Youth's book of gems (1851)
The boy's story book (1852)
A budget of Willow Lane stories (1852)
The little mischief-maker: and other stories (1852)
A peep at the beasts: with twenty engravings (1852)
The poor organ-grinder: and other stories (1852)
Uncle Frank's peep at the beasts (1852)
Uncle Frank's picture gallery (1852)
The wonderful letter-bag of kit curious: with tinted illustrations (1852)
First lessons in botany (1853)
Wonders of the insect world: with illustrative engravings (1853)
The boy's and girl's country book: with illustrations (1854)
The boy's story book (1854)
Buds and blossoms from our own garden (1854)
Jack Mason: the old sailor (1855)
The young American's life of Fremont (1856)
Stories about the country: with illustrations (1857)
The boy's and girl's country book (1858)
The picture A.B.C. book with stories (1859)
References
External links
1812 births
1859 deaths
People from Colchester, Connecticut
American people of English descent
Writers from Connecticut |
```ruby
# Reference: path_to_url
class Macvim < Formula
desc "GUI for vim, made for macOS"
homepage "path_to_url"
url "path_to_url"
version "9.1.0"
sha256 your_sha256_hash
license "Vim"
head "path_to_url", branch: "master"
# The stable Git tags use a `release-123` format and it's necessary to check
# the GitHub release description to identify the Vim version from the
# "Updated to Vim 1.2.3456" text.
livecheck do
url :stable
regex(/Updated\s+to\s+Vim\s+v?(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)/i)
strategy :github_latest do |json, regex|
match = json["body"]&.match(regex)
next if match.blank?
match[1]
end
end
bottle do
sha256 cellar: :any, arm64_sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, arm64_ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, arm64_monterey: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, monterey: your_sha256_hash
end
depends_on "gettext" => :build
depends_on "libsodium" => :build
depends_on xcode: :build
depends_on "cscope"
depends_on "lua"
depends_on :macos
depends_on "python@3.12"
depends_on "ruby"
conflicts_with "ex-vi", because: "both install `vi` and `view` binaries"
conflicts_with "vim", because: "both install vi* binaries"
def install
# Avoid issues finding Ruby headers
ENV.delete("SDKROOT")
# MacVim doesn't have or require any Python package, so unset PYTHONPATH
ENV.delete("PYTHONPATH")
# We don't want the deployment target to include the minor version on Big Sur and newer.
# path_to_url
ENV["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = MacOS.version
# make sure that CC is set to "clang"
ENV.clang
system "./configure", "--with-features=huge",
"--enable-multibyte",
"--enable-perlinterp",
"--enable-rubyinterp",
"--enable-tclinterp",
"--enable-terminal",
"--with-tlib=ncurses",
"--with-compiledby=Homebrew",
"--with-local-dir=#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}",
"--enable-cscope",
"--enable-luainterp",
"--with-lua-prefix=#{Formula["lua"].opt_prefix}",
"--enable-luainterp",
"--enable-python3interp",
"--disable-sparkle",
"--with-macarchs=#{Hardware::CPU.arch}"
system "make"
prefix.install "src/MacVim/build/Release/MacVim.app"
bin.install_symlink prefix/"MacVim.app/Contents/bin/mvim"
# Create MacVim vimdiff, view, ex equivalents
executables = %w[mvimdiff mview mvimex gvim gvimdiff gview gvimex]
executables += %w[vi vim vimdiff view vimex]
executables.each { |e| bin.install_symlink "mvim" => e }
end
test do
output = shell_output("#{bin}/mvim --version")
assert_match "+ruby", output
assert_match "+gettext", output
assert_match "+sodium", output
# Simple test to check if MacVim was linked to Homebrew's Python 3
py3_exec_prefix = shell_output(Formula["python@3.12"].opt_libexec/"bin/python-config --exec-prefix")
assert_match py3_exec_prefix.chomp, output
(testpath/"commands.vim").write <<~EOS
:python3 import vim; vim.current.buffer[0] = 'hello python3'
:wq
EOS
system bin/"mvim", "-v", "-T", "dumb", "-s", "commands.vim", "test.txt"
assert_equal "hello python3", (testpath/"test.txt").read.chomp
end
end
``` |
```objective-c
#ifndef DLIB_fHOG_Hh_
#define DLIB_fHOG_Hh_
#include "fhog_abstract.h"
#include "../matrix.h"
#include "../array2d.h"
#include "../array.h"
#include "../geometry.h"
#include "assign_image.h"
#include "draw.h"
#include "interpolation.h"
#include "../simd.h"
namespace dlib
{
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
namespace impl_fhog
{
template <typename image_type, typename T>
inline typename dlib::enable_if_c<pixel_traits<typename image_type::pixel_type>::rgb>::type get_gradient (
const int r,
const int c,
const image_type& img,
matrix<T,2,1>& grad,
T& len
)
{
matrix<T, 2, 1> grad2, grad3;
// get the red gradient
grad(0) = (int)img[r][c+1].red-(int)img[r][c-1].red;
grad(1) = (int)img[r+1][c].red-(int)img[r-1][c].red;
len = length_squared(grad);
// get the green gradient
grad2(0) = (int)img[r][c+1].green-(int)img[r][c-1].green;
grad2(1) = (int)img[r+1][c].green-(int)img[r-1][c].green;
T v2 = length_squared(grad2);
// get the blue gradient
grad3(0) = (int)img[r][c+1].blue-(int)img[r][c-1].blue;
grad3(1) = (int)img[r+1][c].blue-(int)img[r-1][c].blue;
T v3 = length_squared(grad3);
// pick color with strongest gradient
if (v2 > len)
{
len = v2;
grad = grad2;
}
if (v3 > len)
{
len = v3;
grad = grad3;
}
}
template <typename image_type>
inline typename dlib::enable_if_c<pixel_traits<typename image_type::pixel_type>::rgb>::type get_gradient (
const int r,
const int c,
const image_type& img,
simd4f& grad_x,
simd4f& grad_y,
simd4f& len
)
{
simd4i rleft((int)img[r][c-1].red,
(int)img[r][c].red,
(int)img[r][c+1].red,
(int)img[r][c+2].red);
simd4i rright((int)img[r][c+1].red,
(int)img[r][c+2].red,
(int)img[r][c+3].red,
(int)img[r][c+4].red);
simd4i rtop((int)img[r-1][c].red,
(int)img[r-1][c+1].red,
(int)img[r-1][c+2].red,
(int)img[r-1][c+3].red);
simd4i rbottom((int)img[r+1][c].red,
(int)img[r+1][c+1].red,
(int)img[r+1][c+2].red,
(int)img[r+1][c+3].red);
simd4i gleft((int)img[r][c-1].green,
(int)img[r][c].green,
(int)img[r][c+1].green,
(int)img[r][c+2].green);
simd4i gright((int)img[r][c+1].green,
(int)img[r][c+2].green,
(int)img[r][c+3].green,
(int)img[r][c+4].green);
simd4i gtop((int)img[r-1][c].green,
(int)img[r-1][c+1].green,
(int)img[r-1][c+2].green,
(int)img[r-1][c+3].green);
simd4i gbottom((int)img[r+1][c].green,
(int)img[r+1][c+1].green,
(int)img[r+1][c+2].green,
(int)img[r+1][c+3].green);
simd4i bleft((int)img[r][c-1].blue,
(int)img[r][c].blue,
(int)img[r][c+1].blue,
(int)img[r][c+2].blue);
simd4i bright((int)img[r][c+1].blue,
(int)img[r][c+2].blue,
(int)img[r][c+3].blue,
(int)img[r][c+4].blue);
simd4i btop((int)img[r-1][c].blue,
(int)img[r-1][c+1].blue,
(int)img[r-1][c+2].blue,
(int)img[r-1][c+3].blue);
simd4i bbottom((int)img[r+1][c].blue,
(int)img[r+1][c+1].blue,
(int)img[r+1][c+2].blue,
(int)img[r+1][c+3].blue);
simd4i grad_x_red = rright-rleft;
simd4i grad_y_red = rbottom-rtop;
simd4i grad_x_green = gright-gleft;
simd4i grad_y_green = gbottom-gtop;
simd4i grad_x_blue = bright-bleft;
simd4i grad_y_blue = bbottom-btop;
simd4i rlen = grad_x_red*grad_x_red + grad_y_red*grad_y_red;
simd4i glen = grad_x_green*grad_x_green + grad_y_green*grad_y_green;
simd4i blen = grad_x_blue*grad_x_blue + grad_y_blue*grad_y_blue;
simd4i cmp = rlen>glen;
simd4i tgrad_x = select(cmp,grad_x_red,grad_x_green);
simd4i tgrad_y = select(cmp,grad_y_red,grad_y_green);
simd4i tlen = select(cmp,rlen,glen);
cmp = tlen>blen;
grad_x = select(cmp,tgrad_x,grad_x_blue);
grad_y = select(cmp,tgrad_y,grad_y_blue);
len = select(cmp,tlen,blen);
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
template <typename image_type>
inline typename dlib::enable_if_c<pixel_traits<typename image_type::pixel_type>::rgb>::type get_gradient(
const int r,
const int c,
const image_type& img,
simd8f& grad_x,
simd8f& grad_y,
simd8f& len
)
{
simd8i rleft((int)img[r][c - 1].red,
(int)img[r][c].red,
(int)img[r][c + 1].red,
(int)img[r][c + 2].red,
(int)img[r][c + 3].red,
(int)img[r][c + 4].red,
(int)img[r][c + 5].red,
(int)img[r][c + 6].red);
simd8i rright((int)img[r][c + 1].red,
(int)img[r][c + 2].red,
(int)img[r][c + 3].red,
(int)img[r][c + 4].red,
(int)img[r][c + 5].red,
(int)img[r][c + 6].red,
(int)img[r][c + 7].red,
(int)img[r][c + 8].red);
simd8i rtop((int)img[r - 1][c].red,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 1].red,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 2].red,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 3].red,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 4].red,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 5].red,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 6].red,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 7].red);
simd8i rbottom((int)img[r + 1][c].red,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 1].red,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 2].red,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 3].red,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 4].red,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 5].red,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 6].red,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 7].red);
simd8i gleft((int)img[r][c - 1].green,
(int)img[r][c].green,
(int)img[r][c + 1].green,
(int)img[r][c + 2].green,
(int)img[r][c + 3].green,
(int)img[r][c + 4].green,
(int)img[r][c + 5].green,
(int)img[r][c + 6].green);
simd8i gright((int)img[r][c + 1].green,
(int)img[r][c + 2].green,
(int)img[r][c + 3].green,
(int)img[r][c + 4].green,
(int)img[r][c + 5].green,
(int)img[r][c + 6].green,
(int)img[r][c + 7].green,
(int)img[r][c + 8].green);
simd8i gtop((int)img[r - 1][c].green,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 1].green,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 2].green,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 3].green,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 4].green,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 5].green,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 6].green,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 7].green);
simd8i gbottom((int)img[r + 1][c].green,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 1].green,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 2].green,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 3].green,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 4].green,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 5].green,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 6].green,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 7].green);
simd8i bleft((int)img[r][c - 1].blue,
(int)img[r][c].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 1].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 2].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 3].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 4].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 5].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 6].blue);
simd8i bright((int)img[r][c + 1].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 2].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 3].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 4].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 5].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 6].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 7].blue,
(int)img[r][c + 8].blue);
simd8i btop((int)img[r - 1][c].blue,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 1].blue,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 2].blue,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 3].blue,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 4].blue,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 5].blue,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 6].blue,
(int)img[r - 1][c + 7].blue);
simd8i bbottom((int)img[r + 1][c].blue,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 1].blue,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 2].blue,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 3].blue,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 4].blue,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 5].blue,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 6].blue,
(int)img[r + 1][c + 7].blue);
simd8i grad_x_red = rright - rleft;
simd8i grad_y_red = rbottom - rtop;
simd8i grad_x_green = gright - gleft;
simd8i grad_y_green = gbottom - gtop;
simd8i grad_x_blue = bright - bleft;
simd8i grad_y_blue = bbottom - btop;
simd8i rlen = grad_x_red*grad_x_red + grad_y_red*grad_y_red;
simd8i glen = grad_x_green*grad_x_green + grad_y_green*grad_y_green;
simd8i blen = grad_x_blue*grad_x_blue + grad_y_blue*grad_y_blue;
simd8i cmp = rlen > glen;
simd8i tgrad_x = select(cmp, grad_x_red, grad_x_green);
simd8i tgrad_y = select(cmp, grad_y_red, grad_y_green);
simd8i tlen = select(cmp, rlen, glen);
cmp = tlen > blen;
grad_x = select(cmp, tgrad_x, grad_x_blue);
grad_y = select(cmp, tgrad_y, grad_y_blue);
len = select(cmp, tlen, blen);
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
template <typename image_type, typename T>
inline typename dlib::disable_if_c<pixel_traits<typename image_type::pixel_type>::rgb>::type get_gradient (
const int r,
const int c,
const image_type& img,
matrix<T, 2, 1>& grad,
T& len
)
{
grad(0) = (int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c+1])-(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c-1]);
grad(1) = (int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r+1][c])-(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r-1][c]);
len = length_squared(grad);
}
template <typename image_type>
inline typename dlib::disable_if_c<pixel_traits<typename image_type::pixel_type>::rgb>::type get_gradient (
int r,
int c,
const image_type& img,
simd4f& grad_x,
simd4f& grad_y,
simd4f& len
)
{
simd4i left((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c-1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c+1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c+2]));
simd4i right((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c+1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c+2]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c+3]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c+4]));
simd4i top((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r-1][c]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r-1][c+1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r-1][c+2]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r-1][c+3]));
simd4i bottom((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r+1][c]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r+1][c+1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r+1][c+2]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r+1][c+3]));
grad_x = right-left;
grad_y = bottom-top;
len = (grad_x*grad_x + grad_y*grad_y);
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
template <typename image_type>
inline typename dlib::disable_if_c<pixel_traits<typename image_type::pixel_type>::rgb>::type get_gradient(
int r,
int c,
const image_type& img,
simd8f& grad_x,
simd8f& grad_y,
simd8f& len
)
{
simd8i left((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c - 1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 2]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 3]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 4]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 5]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 6]));
simd8i right((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 2]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 3]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 4]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 5]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 6]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 7]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r][c + 8]));
simd8i top((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c + 1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c + 2]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c + 3]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c + 4]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c + 5]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c + 6]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r - 1][c + 7]));
simd8i bottom((int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c + 1]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c + 2]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c + 3]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c + 4]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c + 5]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c + 6]),
(int)get_pixel_intensity(img[r + 1][c + 7]));
grad_x = right - left;
grad_y = bottom - top;
len = (grad_x*grad_x + grad_y*grad_y);
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
template <typename T, typename mm1, typename mm2>
inline void set_hog (
dlib::array<array2d<T,mm1>,mm2>& hog,
int o,
int x,
int y,
const float& value
)
{
hog[o][y][x] = value;
}
template <typename T, typename mm1, typename mm2>
void init_hog (
dlib::array<array2d<T,mm1>,mm2>& hog,
int hog_nr,
int hog_nc,
int filter_rows_padding,
int filter_cols_padding
)
{
const int num_hog_bands = 27+4;
hog.resize(num_hog_bands);
for (int i = 0; i < num_hog_bands; ++i)
{
hog[i].set_size(hog_nr+filter_rows_padding-1, hog_nc+filter_cols_padding-1);
rectangle rect = get_rect(hog[i]);
rect.top() += (filter_rows_padding-1)/2;
rect.left() += (filter_cols_padding-1)/2;
rect.right() -= filter_cols_padding/2;
rect.bottom() -= filter_rows_padding/2;
zero_border_pixels(hog[i],rect);
}
}
template <typename T, typename mm1, typename mm2>
void init_hog_zero_everything (
dlib::array<array2d<T,mm1>,mm2>& hog,
int hog_nr,
int hog_nc,
int filter_rows_padding,
int filter_cols_padding
)
{
const int num_hog_bands = 27+4;
hog.resize(num_hog_bands);
for (int i = 0; i < num_hog_bands; ++i)
{
hog[i].set_size(hog_nr+filter_rows_padding-1, hog_nc+filter_cols_padding-1);
assign_all_pixels(hog[i], 0);
}
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
template <typename T, typename mm>
inline void set_hog (
array2d<matrix<T,31,1>,mm>& hog,
int o,
int x,
int y,
const float& value
)
{
hog[y][x](o) = value;
}
template <typename T, typename mm>
void init_hog (
array2d<matrix<T,31,1>,mm>& hog,
int hog_nr,
int hog_nc,
int filter_rows_padding,
int filter_cols_padding
)
{
hog.set_size(hog_nr+filter_rows_padding-1, hog_nc+filter_cols_padding-1);
// now zero out the border region
rectangle rect = get_rect(hog);
rect.top() += (filter_rows_padding-1)/2;
rect.left() += (filter_cols_padding-1)/2;
rect.right() -= filter_cols_padding/2;
rect.bottom() -= filter_rows_padding/2;
border_enumerator be(get_rect(hog),rect);
while (be.move_next())
{
const point p = be.element();
set_all_elements(hog[p.y()][p.x()], 0);
}
}
template <typename T, typename mm>
void init_hog_zero_everything (
array2d<matrix<T,31,1>,mm>& hog,
int hog_nr,
int hog_nc,
int filter_rows_padding,
int filter_cols_padding
)
{
hog.set_size(hog_nr+filter_rows_padding-1, hog_nc+filter_cols_padding-1);
for (long r = 0; r < hog.nr(); ++r)
{
for (long c = 0; c < hog.nc(); ++c)
{
set_all_elements(hog[r][c], 0);
}
}
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
template <
typename image_type,
typename out_type
>
void impl_extract_fhog_features_cell_size_1(
const image_type& img_,
out_type& hog,
int filter_rows_padding,
int filter_cols_padding
)
{
const_image_view<image_type> img(img_);
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( filter_rows_padding > 0 &&
filter_cols_padding > 0 ,
"\t void extract_fhog_features()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t filter_rows_padding: " << filter_rows_padding
<< "\n\t filter_cols_padding: " << filter_cols_padding
);
/*
This function is an optimized version of impl_extract_fhog_features() for
the case where cell_size == 1.
*/
// unit vectors used to compute gradient orientation
matrix<float,2,1> directions[9];
directions[0] = 1.0000, 0.0000;
directions[1] = 0.9397, 0.3420;
directions[2] = 0.7660, 0.6428;
directions[3] = 0.500, 0.8660;
directions[4] = 0.1736, 0.9848;
directions[5] = -0.1736, 0.9848;
directions[6] = -0.5000, 0.8660;
directions[7] = -0.7660, 0.6428;
directions[8] = -0.9397, 0.3420;
if (img.nr() <= 2 || img.nc() <= 2)
{
hog.clear();
return;
}
array2d<unsigned char> angle(img.nr(), img.nc());
array2d<float> norm(img.nr(), img.nc());
zero_border_pixels(norm,1,1);
// memory for HOG features
const long hog_nr = img.nr()-2;
const long hog_nc = img.nc()-2;
const int padding_rows_offset = (filter_rows_padding-1)/2;
const int padding_cols_offset = (filter_cols_padding-1)/2;
init_hog_zero_everything(hog, hog_nr, hog_nc, filter_rows_padding, filter_cols_padding);
const int visible_nr = img.nr()-1;
const int visible_nc = img.nc()-1;
// First populate the gradient histograms
for (int y = 1; y < visible_nr; y++)
{
int x;
for (x = 1; x < visible_nc - 7; x += 8)
{
// v will be the length of the gradient vectors.
simd8f grad_x, grad_y, v;
get_gradient(y, x, img, grad_x, grad_y, v);
float _vv[8];
v.store(_vv);
// Now snap the gradient to one of 18 orientations
simd8f best_dot = 0;
simd8f best_o = 0;
for (int o = 0; o < 9; o++)
{
simd8f dot = grad_x*directions[o](0) + grad_y*directions[o](1);
simd8f_bool cmp = dot>best_dot;
best_dot = select(cmp, dot, best_dot);
dot *= -1;
best_o = select(cmp, o, best_o);
cmp = dot > best_dot;
best_dot = select(cmp, dot, best_dot);
best_o = select(cmp, o + 9, best_o);
}
int32 _best_o[8]; simd8i(best_o).store(_best_o);
norm[y][x + 0] = _vv[0];
norm[y][x + 1] = _vv[1];
norm[y][x + 2] = _vv[2];
norm[y][x + 3] = _vv[3];
norm[y][x + 4] = _vv[4];
norm[y][x + 5] = _vv[5];
norm[y][x + 6] = _vv[6];
norm[y][x + 7] = _vv[7];
angle[y][x + 0] = _best_o[0];
angle[y][x + 1] = _best_o[1];
angle[y][x + 2] = _best_o[2];
angle[y][x + 3] = _best_o[3];
angle[y][x + 4] = _best_o[4];
angle[y][x + 5] = _best_o[5];
angle[y][x + 6] = _best_o[6];
angle[y][x + 7] = _best_o[7];
}
// Now process the right columns that don't fit into simd registers.
for (; x < visible_nc; x++)
{
matrix<float,2,1> grad;
float v;
get_gradient(y,x,img,grad,v);
// snap to one of 18 orientations
float best_dot = 0;
int best_o = 0;
for (int o = 0; o < 9; o++)
{
const float dot = dlib::dot(directions[o], grad);
if (dot > best_dot)
{
best_dot = dot;
best_o = o;
}
else if (-dot > best_dot)
{
best_dot = -dot;
best_o = o+9;
}
}
norm[y][x] = v;
angle[y][x] = best_o;
}
}
const float eps = 0.0001;
// compute features
for (int y = 0; y < hog_nr; y++)
{
const int yy = y+padding_rows_offset;
for (int x = 0; x < hog_nc; x++)
{
const simd4f z1(norm[y+1][x+1],
norm[y][x+1],
norm[y+1][x],
norm[y][x]);
const simd4f z2(norm[y+1][x+2],
norm[y][x+2],
norm[y+1][x+1],
norm[y][x+1]);
const simd4f z3(norm[y+2][x+1],
norm[y+1][x+1],
norm[y+2][x],
norm[y+1][x]);
const simd4f z4(norm[y+2][x+2],
norm[y+1][x+2],
norm[y+2][x+1],
norm[y+1][x+1]);
const simd4f temp0 = std::sqrt(norm[y+1][x+1]);
const simd4f nn = 0.2*sqrt(z1+z2+z3+z4+eps);
const simd4f n = 0.1/nn;
simd4f t = 0;
const int xx = x+padding_cols_offset;
simd4f h0 = min(temp0,nn)*n;
const float vv = sum(h0);
set_hog(hog,angle[y+1][x+1],xx,yy, vv);
t += h0;
t *= 2*0.2357;
// contrast-insensitive features
set_hog(hog,angle[y+1][x+1]%9+18,xx,yy, vv);
float temp[4];
t.store(temp);
// texture features
set_hog(hog,27,xx,yy, temp[0]);
set_hog(hog,28,xx,yy, temp[1]);
set_hog(hog,29,xx,yy, temp[2]);
set_hog(hog,30,xx,yy, temp[3]);
}
}
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
template <
typename image_type,
typename out_type
>
void impl_extract_fhog_features(
const image_type& img_,
out_type& hog,
int cell_size,
int filter_rows_padding,
int filter_cols_padding
)
{
const_image_view<image_type> img(img_);
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_size > 0 &&
filter_rows_padding > 0 &&
filter_cols_padding > 0 ,
"\t void extract_fhog_features()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_size: " << cell_size
<< "\n\t filter_rows_padding: " << filter_rows_padding
<< "\n\t filter_cols_padding: " << filter_cols_padding
);
/*
This function implements the HOG feature extraction method described in
the paper:
P. Felzenszwalb, R. Girshick, D. McAllester, D. Ramanan
Object Detection with Discriminatively Trained Part Based Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 32, No. 9, Sep. 2010
Moreover, this function is derived from the HOG feature extraction code
from the features.cc file in the voc-releaseX code (see
path_to_url~rbg/latent/) which is has the following
license (note that the code has been modified to work with grayscale and
color as well as planar and interlaced input and output formats):
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
if (cell_size == 1)
{
impl_extract_fhog_features_cell_size_1(img_,hog,filter_rows_padding,filter_cols_padding);
return;
}
// unit vectors used to compute gradient orientation
matrix<float,2,1> directions[9];
directions[0] = 1.0000, 0.0000;
directions[1] = 0.9397, 0.3420;
directions[2] = 0.7660, 0.6428;
directions[3] = 0.500, 0.8660;
directions[4] = 0.1736, 0.9848;
directions[5] = -0.1736, 0.9848;
directions[6] = -0.5000, 0.8660;
directions[7] = -0.7660, 0.6428;
directions[8] = -0.9397, 0.3420;
// First we allocate memory for caching orientation histograms & their norms.
const int cells_nr = (int)((float)img.nr()/(float)cell_size + 0.5);
const int cells_nc = (int)((float)img.nc()/(float)cell_size + 0.5);
if (cells_nr == 0 || cells_nc == 0)
{
hog.clear();
return;
}
// We give hist extra padding around the edges (1 cell all the way around the
// edge) so we can avoid needing to do boundary checks when indexing into it
// later on. So some statements assign to the boundary but those values are
// never used.
array2d<matrix<float,18,1> > hist(cells_nr+2, cells_nc+2);
for (long r = 0; r < hist.nr(); ++r)
{
for (long c = 0; c < hist.nc(); ++c)
{
hist[r][c] = 0;
}
}
array2d<float> norm(cells_nr, cells_nc);
assign_all_pixels(norm, 0);
// memory for HOG features
const int hog_nr = std::max(cells_nr-2, 0);
const int hog_nc = std::max(cells_nc-2, 0);
if (hog_nr == 0 || hog_nc == 0)
{
hog.clear();
return;
}
const int padding_rows_offset = (filter_rows_padding-1)/2;
const int padding_cols_offset = (filter_cols_padding-1)/2;
init_hog(hog, hog_nr, hog_nc, filter_rows_padding, filter_cols_padding);
const int visible_nr = std::min((long)cells_nr*cell_size,img.nr())-1;
const int visible_nc = std::min((long)cells_nc*cell_size,img.nc())-1;
// First populate the gradient histograms
for (int y = 1; y < visible_nr; y++)
{
const float yp = ((float)y+0.5)/(float)cell_size - 0.5;
const int iyp = (int)std::floor(yp);
const float vy0 = yp - iyp;
const float vy1 = 1.0 - vy0;
int x;
for (x = 1; x < visible_nc - 7; x += 8)
{
simd8f xx(x, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3, x + 4, x + 5, x + 6, x + 7);
// v will be the length of the gradient vectors.
simd8f grad_x, grad_y, v;
get_gradient(y, x, img, grad_x, grad_y, v);
// We will use bilinear interpolation to add into the histogram bins.
// So first we precompute the values needed to determine how much each
// pixel votes into each bin.
simd8f xp = (xx + 0.5) / (float)cell_size + 0.5;
simd8i ixp = simd8i(xp);
simd8f vx0 = xp - ixp;
simd8f vx1 = 1.0f - vx0;
v = sqrt(v);
// Now snap the gradient to one of 18 orientations
simd8f best_dot = 0;
simd8f best_o = 0;
for (int o = 0; o < 9; o++)
{
simd8f dot = grad_x*directions[o](0) + grad_y*directions[o](1);
simd8f_bool cmp = dot>best_dot;
best_dot = select(cmp, dot, best_dot);
dot *= -1;
best_o = select(cmp, o, best_o);
cmp = dot > best_dot;
best_dot = select(cmp, dot, best_dot);
best_o = select(cmp, o + 9, best_o);
}
// Add the gradient magnitude, v, to 4 histograms around pixel using
// bilinear interpolation.
vx1 *= v;
vx0 *= v;
// The amounts for each bin
simd8f v11 = vy1*vx1;
simd8f v01 = vy0*vx1;
simd8f v10 = vy1*vx0;
simd8f v00 = vy0*vx0;
int32 _best_o[8]; simd8i(best_o).store(_best_o);
int32 _ixp[8]; ixp.store(_ixp);
float _v11[8]; v11.store(_v11);
float _v01[8]; v01.store(_v01);
float _v10[8]; v10.store(_v10);
float _v00[8]; v00.store(_v00);
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[0]](_best_o[0]) += _v11[0];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[0]](_best_o[0]) += _v01[0];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[0] + 1](_best_o[0]) += _v10[0];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[0] + 1](_best_o[0]) += _v00[0];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[1]](_best_o[1]) += _v11[1];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[1]](_best_o[1]) += _v01[1];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[1] + 1](_best_o[1]) += _v10[1];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[1] + 1](_best_o[1]) += _v00[1];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[2]](_best_o[2]) += _v11[2];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[2]](_best_o[2]) += _v01[2];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[2] + 1](_best_o[2]) += _v10[2];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[2] + 1](_best_o[2]) += _v00[2];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[3]](_best_o[3]) += _v11[3];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[3]](_best_o[3]) += _v01[3];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[3] + 1](_best_o[3]) += _v10[3];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[3] + 1](_best_o[3]) += _v00[3];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[4]](_best_o[4]) += _v11[4];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[4]](_best_o[4]) += _v01[4];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[4] + 1](_best_o[4]) += _v10[4];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[4] + 1](_best_o[4]) += _v00[4];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[5]](_best_o[5]) += _v11[5];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[5]](_best_o[5]) += _v01[5];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[5] + 1](_best_o[5]) += _v10[5];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[5] + 1](_best_o[5]) += _v00[5];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[6]](_best_o[6]) += _v11[6];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[6]](_best_o[6]) += _v01[6];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[6] + 1](_best_o[6]) += _v10[6];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[6] + 1](_best_o[6]) += _v00[6];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[7]](_best_o[7]) += _v11[7];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[7]](_best_o[7]) += _v01[7];
hist[iyp + 1][_ixp[7] + 1](_best_o[7]) += _v10[7];
hist[iyp + 1 + 1][_ixp[7] + 1](_best_o[7]) += _v00[7];
}
// Now process the right columns that don't fit into simd registers.
for (; x < visible_nc; x++)
{
matrix<float, 2, 1> grad;
float v;
get_gradient(y,x,img,grad,v);
// snap to one of 18 orientations
float best_dot = 0;
int best_o = 0;
for (int o = 0; o < 9; o++)
{
const float dot = dlib::dot(directions[o], grad);
if (dot > best_dot)
{
best_dot = dot;
best_o = o;
}
else if (-dot > best_dot)
{
best_dot = -dot;
best_o = o+9;
}
}
v = std::sqrt(v);
// add to 4 histograms around pixel using bilinear interpolation
const float xp = ((double)x + 0.5) / (double)cell_size - 0.5;
const int ixp = (int)std::floor(xp);
const float vx0 = xp - ixp;
const float vx1 = 1.0 - vx0;
hist[iyp+1][ixp+1](best_o) += vy1*vx1*v;
hist[iyp+1+1][ixp+1](best_o) += vy0*vx1*v;
hist[iyp+1][ixp+1+1](best_o) += vy1*vx0*v;
hist[iyp+1+1][ixp+1+1](best_o) += vy0*vx0*v;
}
}
// compute energy in each block by summing over orientations
for (int r = 0; r < cells_nr; ++r)
{
for (int c = 0; c < cells_nc; ++c)
{
for (int o = 0; o < 9; o++)
{
norm[r][c] += (hist[r+1][c+1](o) + hist[r+1][c+1](o+9)) * (hist[r+1][c+1](o) + hist[r+1][c+1](o+9));
}
}
}
const float eps = 0.0001;
// compute features
for (int y = 0; y < hog_nr; y++)
{
const int yy = y+padding_rows_offset;
for (int x = 0; x < hog_nc; x++)
{
const simd4f z1(norm[y+1][x+1],
norm[y][x+1],
norm[y+1][x],
norm[y][x]);
const simd4f z2(norm[y+1][x+2],
norm[y][x+2],
norm[y+1][x+1],
norm[y][x+1]);
const simd4f z3(norm[y+2][x+1],
norm[y+1][x+1],
norm[y+2][x],
norm[y+1][x]);
const simd4f z4(norm[y+2][x+2],
norm[y+1][x+2],
norm[y+2][x+1],
norm[y+1][x+1]);
const simd4f nn = 0.2*sqrt(z1+z2+z3+z4+eps);
const simd4f n = 0.1/nn;
simd4f t = 0;
const int xx = x+padding_cols_offset;
// contrast-sensitive features
for (int o = 0; o < 18; o+=3)
{
simd4f temp0(hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o));
simd4f temp1(hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o+1));
simd4f temp2(hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o+2));
simd4f h0 = min(temp0,nn)*n;
simd4f h1 = min(temp1,nn)*n;
simd4f h2 = min(temp2,nn)*n;
set_hog(hog,o,xx,yy, sum(h0));
set_hog(hog,o+1,xx,yy, sum(h1));
set_hog(hog,o+2,xx,yy, sum(h2));
t += h0+h1+h2;
}
t *= 2*0.2357;
// contrast-insensitive features
for (int o = 0; o < 9; o+=3)
{
simd4f temp0 = hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o) + hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o+9);
simd4f temp1 = hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o+1) + hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o+9+1);
simd4f temp2 = hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o+2) + hist[y+1+1][x+1+1](o+9+2);
simd4f h0 = min(temp0,nn)*n;
simd4f h1 = min(temp1,nn)*n;
simd4f h2 = min(temp2,nn)*n;
set_hog(hog,o+18,xx,yy, sum(h0));
set_hog(hog,o+18+1,xx,yy, sum(h1));
set_hog(hog,o+18+2,xx,yy, sum(h2));
}
float temp[4];
t.store(temp);
// texture features
set_hog(hog,27,xx,yy, temp[0]);
set_hog(hog,28,xx,yy, temp[1]);
set_hog(hog,29,xx,yy, temp[2]);
set_hog(hog,30,xx,yy, temp[3]);
}
}
}
// your_sha256_hash--------------------
inline void create_fhog_bar_images (
dlib::array<matrix<float> >& mbars,
const long w
)
{
const long bdims = 9;
// Make the oriented lines we use to draw on each HOG cell.
mbars.resize(bdims);
dlib::array<array2d<unsigned char> > bars(bdims);
array2d<unsigned char> temp(w,w);
for (unsigned long i = 0; i < bars.size(); ++i)
{
assign_all_pixels(temp, 0);
draw_line(temp, point(w/2,0), point(w/2,w-1), 255);
rotate_image(temp, bars[i], i*-pi/bars.size());
mbars[i] = subm(matrix_cast<float>(mat(bars[i])), centered_rect(get_rect(bars[i]),w,w) );
}
}
} // end namespace impl_fhog
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
template <
typename image_type,
typename T,
typename mm1,
typename mm2
>
void extract_fhog_features(
const image_type& img,
dlib::array<array2d<T,mm1>,mm2>& hog,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
impl_fhog::impl_extract_fhog_features(img, hog, cell_size, filter_rows_padding, filter_cols_padding);
// If the image is too small then the above function outputs an empty feature map.
// But to make things very uniform in usage we require the output to still have the
// 31 planes (but they are just empty).
if (hog.size() == 0)
hog.resize(31);
}
template <
typename image_type,
typename T,
typename mm
>
void extract_fhog_features(
const image_type& img,
array2d<matrix<T,31,1>,mm>& hog,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
impl_fhog::impl_extract_fhog_features(img, hog, cell_size, filter_rows_padding, filter_cols_padding);
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
template <
typename image_type,
typename T
>
void extract_fhog_features(
const image_type& img,
matrix<T,0,1>& feats,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
dlib::array<array2d<T> > hog;
extract_fhog_features(img, hog, cell_size, filter_rows_padding, filter_cols_padding);
feats.set_size(hog.size()*hog[0].size());
for (unsigned long i = 0; i < hog.size(); ++i)
{
const long size = hog[i].size();
set_rowm(feats, range(i*size, (i+1)*size-1)) = reshape_to_column_vector(mat(hog[i]));
}
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
template <
typename image_type
>
matrix<double,0,1> extract_fhog_features(
const image_type& img,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
matrix<double, 0, 1> feats;
extract_fhog_features(img, feats, cell_size, filter_rows_padding, filter_cols_padding);
return feats;
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
inline point image_to_fhog (
point p,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_size > 0 &&
filter_rows_padding > 0 &&
filter_cols_padding > 0 ,
"\t point image_to_fhog()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_size: " << cell_size
<< "\n\t filter_rows_padding: " << filter_rows_padding
<< "\n\t filter_cols_padding: " << filter_cols_padding
);
// There is a one pixel border around the image.
p -= point(1,1);
// There is also a 1 "cell" border around the HOG image formation.
return p/cell_size - point(1,1) + point((filter_cols_padding-1)/2,(filter_rows_padding-1)/2);
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
inline rectangle image_to_fhog (
const rectangle& rect,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_size > 0 &&
filter_rows_padding > 0 &&
filter_cols_padding > 0 ,
"\t rectangle image_to_fhog()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_size: " << cell_size
<< "\n\t filter_rows_padding: " << filter_rows_padding
<< "\n\t filter_cols_padding: " << filter_cols_padding
);
return rectangle(image_to_fhog(rect.tl_corner(),cell_size,filter_rows_padding,filter_cols_padding),
image_to_fhog(rect.br_corner(),cell_size,filter_rows_padding,filter_cols_padding));
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
inline point fhog_to_image (
point p,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_size > 0 &&
filter_rows_padding > 0 &&
filter_cols_padding > 0 ,
"\t point fhog_to_image()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_size: " << cell_size
<< "\n\t filter_rows_padding: " << filter_rows_padding
<< "\n\t filter_cols_padding: " << filter_cols_padding
);
// Convert to image space and then set to the center of the cell.
point offset;
p = (p+point(1,1)-point((filter_cols_padding-1)/2,(filter_rows_padding-1)/2))*cell_size + point(1,1);
if (p.x() >= 0 && p.y() >= 0) offset = point(cell_size/2,cell_size/2);
if (p.x() < 0 && p.y() >= 0) offset = point(-cell_size/2,cell_size/2);
if (p.x() >= 0 && p.y() < 0) offset = point(cell_size/2,-cell_size/2);
if (p.x() < 0 && p.y() < 0) offset = point(-cell_size/2,-cell_size/2);
return p + offset;
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
inline rectangle fhog_to_image (
const rectangle& rect,
int cell_size = 8,
int filter_rows_padding = 1,
int filter_cols_padding = 1
)
{
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_size > 0 &&
filter_rows_padding > 0 &&
filter_cols_padding > 0 ,
"\t rectangle fhog_to_image()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_size: " << cell_size
<< "\n\t filter_rows_padding: " << filter_rows_padding
<< "\n\t filter_cols_padding: " << filter_cols_padding
);
return rectangle(fhog_to_image(rect.tl_corner(),cell_size,filter_rows_padding,filter_cols_padding),
fhog_to_image(rect.br_corner(),cell_size,filter_rows_padding,filter_cols_padding));
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
template <
typename T,
typename mm1,
typename mm2
>
matrix<unsigned char> draw_fhog(
const dlib::array<array2d<T,mm1>,mm2>& hog,
const long cell_draw_size = 15,
const float min_response_threshold = 0.0
)
{
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_draw_size > 0 && hog.size()==31,
"\t matrix<unsigned char> draw_fhog()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_draw_size: " << cell_draw_size
<< "\n\t hog.size(): " << hog.size()
);
dlib::array<matrix<float> > mbars;
impl_fhog::create_fhog_bar_images(mbars,cell_draw_size);
// now draw the bars onto the HOG cells
matrix<float> himg(hog[0].nr()*cell_draw_size, hog[0].nc()*cell_draw_size);
himg = 0;
for (unsigned long d = 0; d < mbars.size(); ++d)
{
for (long r = 0; r < himg.nr(); r+=cell_draw_size)
{
for (long c = 0; c < himg.nc(); c+=cell_draw_size)
{
const float val = hog[d][r/cell_draw_size][c/cell_draw_size] +
hog[d+mbars.size()][r/cell_draw_size][c/cell_draw_size] +
hog[d+mbars.size()*2][r/cell_draw_size][c/cell_draw_size];
if (val > min_response_threshold)
{
set_subm(himg, r, c, cell_draw_size, cell_draw_size) += val*mbars[d%mbars.size()];
}
}
}
}
const float thresh = mean(himg) + 4 * stddev(himg);
if (thresh != 0)
return matrix_cast<unsigned char>(upperbound(round(himg*255/thresh),255));
else
return matrix_cast<unsigned char>(himg);
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
template <
typename T
>
matrix<unsigned char> draw_fhog (
const std::vector<matrix<T> >& hog,
const long cell_draw_size = 15,
const float min_response_threshold = 0.0
)
{
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_draw_size > 0 && hog.size()==31,
"\t matrix<unsigned char> draw_fhog()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_draw_size: " << cell_draw_size
<< "\n\t hog.size(): " << hog.size()
);
// Just convert the input into the right object and then call the above draw_fhog()
// function on it.
dlib::array<array2d<T> > temp(hog.size());
for (unsigned long i = 0; i < temp.size(); ++i)
{
temp[i].set_size(hog[i].nr(), hog[i].nc());
for (long r = 0; r < hog[i].nr(); ++r)
{
for (long c = 0; c < hog[i].nc(); ++c)
{
temp[i][r][c] = hog[i](r,c);
}
}
}
return draw_fhog(temp,cell_draw_size, min_response_threshold);
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
template <
typename T,
typename mm
>
matrix<unsigned char> draw_fhog(
const array2d<matrix<T,31,1>,mm>& hog,
const long cell_draw_size = 15,
const float min_response_threshold = 0.0
)
{
// make sure requires clause is not broken
DLIB_ASSERT( cell_draw_size > 0,
"\t matrix<unsigned char> draw_fhog()"
<< "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function. "
<< "\n\t cell_draw_size: " << cell_draw_size
);
dlib::array<matrix<float> > mbars;
impl_fhog::create_fhog_bar_images(mbars,cell_draw_size);
// now draw the bars onto the HOG cells
matrix<float> himg(hog.nr()*cell_draw_size, hog.nc()*cell_draw_size);
himg = 0;
for (unsigned long d = 0; d < mbars.size(); ++d)
{
for (long r = 0; r < himg.nr(); r+=cell_draw_size)
{
for (long c = 0; c < himg.nc(); c+=cell_draw_size)
{
const float val = hog[r/cell_draw_size][c/cell_draw_size](d) +
hog[r/cell_draw_size][c/cell_draw_size](d+mbars.size()) +
hog[r/cell_draw_size][c/cell_draw_size](d+mbars.size()*2);
if (val > min_response_threshold)
{
set_subm(himg, r, c, cell_draw_size, cell_draw_size) += val*mbars[d%mbars.size()];
}
}
}
}
const float thresh = mean(himg) + 4 * stddev(himg);
if (thresh != 0)
return matrix_cast<unsigned char>(upperbound(round(himg*255/thresh),255));
else
return matrix_cast<unsigned char>(himg);
}
// your_sha256_hash------------------------
}
#endif // DLIB_fHOG_Hh_
``` |
Cinnoline is an aromatic heterocyclic compound with the formula C8H6N2. It is isomeric with other naphthyridines including quinoxaline, phthalazine and quinazoline.
Properties
The free base can be obtained as an oil by treatment of the hydrochloride with base. It co-crystallizes with one molecule of ether as white silky needles, (m.p. 24–25 °C) upon cooling ethereal solutions. The free base melts at 39 °C. It has a taste resembling that of chloral hydrate and leaves a sharp irritation for some time.
Discovery and synthesis
The compound was first obtained in impure form by cyclization of the alkyne o-C6H4(NH2)C≡CCO2H in water to give 4-hydroxycinnoline-3-carboxylic acid. This material could be decarboxylated and the hydroxyl group reductively removed to give the parent heterocycle. This reaction is called the Richter cinnoline synthesis. Improved methods exist for its synthesis. It can be prepared by dehydrogenation of dihydrocinnoline with freshly precipitated mercuric oxide. It can be isolated as the hydrochloride.
Cinnolines are cinnoline derivatives. A classic organic reaction for synthesizing cinnolines is the Widman–Stoermer synthesis, a ring-closing reaction of an α-vinyl- aniline with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite:
The sodium nitrite is first converted to nitrous acid which then forms the electrophilic intermediate dinitrogen trioxide. The next intermediate is the stable nitrosamine with goes on to lose water forming the diazonium salt which then reacts with the vinyl group in the ring-closing step. A conceptually related reaction is the Bamberger triazine synthesis towards triazines.
Another cinnoline method is the Borsche cinnoline synthesis.
Safety
Cinnoline is toxic.
See also
Benzo[c]cinnoline
References
Aromatic bases |
William Nicolas Dawes (1762–1836) was an officer of the British Marines, an astronomer, engineer, botanist, surveyor, explorer, abolitionist, and colonial administrator. He traveled to New South Wales with the First Fleet on board .
Early life
William Dawes was born at Portsmouth, Hampshire, in early 1762, the eldest child of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Sinnatt) Dawes. He was christened there on 17 March 1762. His father was a clerk of works in the Ordnance Office at Portsmouth.
He joined the marines as a Second Lieutenant on 2 September 1779. He was wounded in action against the French Navy under the Comte de Grasse at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781.
Dawes volunteered for service with the New South Wales Marine Corps, which accompanied the First Fleet. Because he was known as a competent astronomer, he was asked to establish an observatory and make astronomical observations on the voyage and in New South Wales.
New South Wales
From March 1788 Dawes was employed in the settlement as an engineer and surveyor, and built the first Sydney Observatory on what is now Dawes Point, under the southern approach to Sydney Harbour Bridge. In his several roles, Dawes made astronomical observations, constructed batteries on the points at the entrance to Sydney Cove, laid out the government farm and first streets and allotments in Sydney and Parramatta. Dawes took part in several explorations to the mountains west of Sydney, beyond the Nepean River and the Cowpastures; the first attempt to cross the Blue Mountains. Dawes' skill in computing distances and map making were invaluable in the new colony.
Dawes was also interested in studying the local Eora people. He developed a close relationship with a fifteen-year-old native girl, Patyegarang (Grey Kangaroo). She stayed in his hut acting as his language teacher, servant, and perhaps lover. During his time in Australia he became an authority on Aboriginal language. Patyegarang is known to have praised his linguistic abilities, referring to him as "Mr. Dawes budyiri karaga" ("Mr. Dawes pronounces well" or "Mr. Dawes good mouth").
He contemplated settling permanently in Australia. He intended to farm part-time, but wanted to have the security of an official position within the colony, as well. In Oct. 1791 he was offered a position in the colony as an engineer. Arthur Phillip made it clear that he would be awarded the position only if he apologized for two incidents that had offended Phillip. The first involved Dawes purchasing flour from a convict during a food shortage. Phillip stipulated that this was illegal, claiming the flour to be part of the man's rations and, therefore, ineligible for trade. Dawes argued that the flour was the man's personal property, not rations, and that he had the right to sell it. The second supposed offence occurred in Dec 1790, after British game-keeper John MacIntyre, believed by the notable Aboriginal Bennelong as well as others to be hunting not only game, but also Aboriginals, died at the hands of an Aboriginal named Pemulwuy, who sought retribution. The British authorities considered the attack unprovoked and planned to carry out a punitive expedition against the Aborigines. Dawes felt that the game-keeper was to blame for the attack and refused to take part in the expedition, disobeying direct orders from Gov. Phillip. He was finally persuaded to take part by the chaplain, Rev. Johnson. Afterwards, he stated publicly that he regretted being "persuaded to comply with the order". Phillip was incensed by what he viewed as a further act of insubordination. Dawes refused to retract his statement or to apologize for either incident, and was shipped off in December 1791 on with the first group of Royal Marines to return to England. At the time he told Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne that he harbored hopes of one day returning to Australia and serving under different leadership. He applied at some point to return to the colony as a settler, but nothing came of recommendations that he be appointed as superintendent of schools or as an engineer.
It was unfortunate that Dawes became opposed to Phillip, because Dawes was just the type of man most needed in the colony. He made astronomical observations in Australia and was involved constructing the Sydney's first battery. Zachary Macauley spoke of his "undeviating rectitude", and in another place he said of him "Dawes is one of the excellent of the earth. With great sweetness of disposition and self-command he possesses the most unbending principles".
Dawes Point in Sydney is named after him. There was once an island known as Dawes Island, in Sydney Harbour; when it was joined to an adjacent smaller island, the resulting larger island became known as Spectacle Island, after its shape.
Sierra Leone
He was given a letter of introduction by Rev. Johnson to William Wilberforce, whose acquaintance he made in early 1792. Wilberforce was impressed with Dawes, remarking that he was "an avowed friend of religion and order." Likely due to the influence of Wilberforce, Dawes was accepted into the Evangelical Clapham Sect. Just a few months later, in August 1792, he was then chosen to join John Clarkson in Sierra Leone, a colony founded as a home for Black Loyalists, African-Americans who had been promised their freedom if the served for the Britain in the American War of Independence. Clarkson was serving as governor there.
His first term as governor wasn't without problems. He upset many colonists when he insisted, on orders from England, that the colonists abandon the lots they currently occupied and move to new lots allocated to them by Dawes. This was only one of several of Clarkson's actions that he was forced to countermand.
According to an account by one colonist, Anna Maria Falconbridge, Dawes became frustrated by the colonists' refusal to follow his orders and declared that he would return to England. The colonists responded by shouting "Go! Go! Go!". The colonists blamed him for the decisions made by his employers. One of the Methodist ministers, Henry Beverhout, referred to Dawes as "Pharaoh", invoking the story of Moses to encourage the people of Sierra Leone to resist his governance. At one point the colonists actually staged a false raid in an effort to obtain guns that Dawes believed they intended to use against members of the colonial government.
Dawes was motivated by the desire to help the people of Sierra Leone, but his religious zeal, his opposition to the local Methodist ministers, and what they considered his overbearing nature alienated him from many of the colonists and even from other colonial officials such as Thomas Clarkson.
His health suffering from both stress and the intolerable climate, he returned to England in March 1794. Within a few months of returning he wed Judith Rutter at Portsea, Hampshire, on 29 May 1794. They had three children, a daughter and two sons, before Judith's death.
In spite of his earlier difficulties with the colonists, Dawes was sent back to serve a second term as governor of Sierra Leone in January 1795, remaining until March 1796. In January 1799, he obtained a position as an instructor of mathematics at Christ's Hospital school, a position he retained until November 1800. Whilst serving in this position, he gave evidence before a committee of the House of Lords in June 1799, who were then considering a bill to regulate the slave trade.
In the early months of 1801, he returned to serve his third and final term as governor of Sierra Leone, remaining there until February 1803. During his final term he was offered and rejected the governorship of the Seychelles.
Later years
Finally returning to England in 1804, he settled in South Lambeth in London, but later moved to Bledlow in Buckinghamshire, where he trained missionaries for the Church Missionary Society (1804–1808).
His wife, Judith, had died ca. 1800. William remarried on 25 May 1811, at St. Pancras Old Church, London, to Grace Gilbert. She would prove to be a devoted helpmate in his future work.
William was encouraged by the great parliamentarian and abolitionist, William Wilberforce, to continue his work against the slave trade in Antigua. The work would be arduous and unpaid, but he agreed to undertake it, and in 1813 he traveled to Antigua with his wife and daughter Judith. In spite of his frequently poor health, his endeavors met with great success. His main duties involved founding and operating schools for the children of slaves. He also worked as a correspondent for the Church Missionary Society's official paper.
Unfortunately, he had little to show materially for his years of dedicated service to the state and the cause of abolition. By December 1826, his financial situation had become so precarious that he petitioned the Secretary of State for the colonies, making claims for extra services rendered in New South Wales on account of his being in "circumstances of great pecuniary embarrassment". His claim was supported by his former comrade Watkin Tench, now a lieutenant-general, but the petition was ultimately unsuccessful.
William Dawes died in Antigua in 1836. Dawes was described as “...outstanding in ability and character.” Gillen states that “...he was never given proper recognition, nor given financial compensation equal to the value of his work”.
Children
William Dawes and Judith Rutter had four children.
Judith Dawes, born 22 June 1795, baptised at St Mary Magdalene, Woolwich, on 4 September 1795 and named for her mother. She married in Antigua and is known to have had at least two sons.
William Rutter Dawes, born 17 December 1797, baptised 11 February 1798, St Mary, Portsea. He was buried at Portsea, 26 May 1798.
William Rutter Dawes, was born on 19 March 1799 at Christ's Hospital then in the City of London (it moved to Horsham, West Sussex in 1902). Trained as a clergyman, he became an astronomer of note. He was said to have done all he could to bring comfort to his father and stepmother's declining years.
John Macaulay Dawes, baptised 29 June, 1800, City of London, named in honor of William's friend Zachary Macaulay, died in infancy.
Cultural references
Dawes is the basis for Daniel Rooke, the central figure in Kate Grenville's 2008 novel The Lieutenant. The book is fictional but heavily based upon Dawes' notebooks. Jane Rogers' 1995 novel Promised Lands also focuses in part on the life of Dawes.
The translation of Yininmadyemi - Thou didst let fall (the title given to a piece of public art in Sydney's Hyde Park) is from Dawes' notebooks.
References
Further reading
Phyllis Mander-Jones, 'Dawes, William (1762–1836)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, MUP, 1966, pp 297–298.
Gillen, Mollie, The Founders of Australia: a biographical dictionary of the First Fleet, Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1989, pp. 101–2.
External links
SOAS Special Collections holds four notebook vocabularies written by Dawes and his team documenting the languages of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. These have been digitised and are available online here.
Map of New South Wales, 1792 by William Dawes
The notebooks of William Dawes on Dharuk (Darug), the language of Sydney.
1762 births
1836 deaths
Royal Marines officers
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
English emigrants to colonial Australia
History of Australia (1788–1850)
English abolitionists
18th-century British astronomers
English surveyors
English explorers
Explorers of Australia
First Fleet |
Antonio Luigi Fuochi (25 April 1955 – 14 February 2022), better known as Tony Fuochi, was an Italian voice actor.
Biography
Active from the late 1980s until 2014, he voiced multiple characters from cartoons and video games including Mario.
Fuochi was hospitalized on 12 January with COVID-19 amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. After more than a month spent in intensive care, he died in Padua on 14 February 2022, at the age of 66.
References
External links
Official website
1955 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Veneto
Italian male voice actors
Male actors from Milan |
Joseph F. Biancardi (July 7, 1906 – February 4, 1984), an American Democratic Party politician and labor leader who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1966 to 1968. Biancardi was elected as an Assemblyman from Essex County in 1965, and lost his bid for re-election to a second term in 1967 to Republicans Ralph R. Caputo and C. Richard Fiore. He was the President of Teamsters Industrial and Allied Workers Local 97. On January 23, 1970, Biancardi and two associates were indicted on charges on embezzling union funds. In 1973, Biancardi was sentenced to two years probation and fined $10,000. Biancardi was in the news in 1978 when a New York Times Magazine outed him as having a hidden interest in an Atlantic City casino.
References
1906 births
1984 deaths
Democratic Party members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Politicians from Essex County, New Jersey
20th-century American politicians |
The 2021–22 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball team represented the University of Minnesota in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Gophers were led by first-year head coach Ben Johnson and played their home games at Williams Arena in Minneapolis, Minnesota as members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 13–17, 4–16 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for last place. As the No. 14 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they lost to Penn State in the first round.
Previous season
In a season limited due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Gophers finished the 2020–21 season 14–15, 6–14 in Big Ten play to finish in 13th place. They defeated Northwestern in the first round of the Big Ten tournament before losing to Ohio State in the second round.
Following the season, the school fired head coach Richard Pitino after eight years at the school. On March 23, 2021, the school named Minnesota alum and former Minnesota assistant coach Ben Johnson the new head coach.
Offseason
Departures
Incoming transfers
Recruiting classes
2021 recruiting class
2022 Recruiting class
Roster
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Exhibition
|-
! colspan="9" style=|Regular season
|-
! colspan="9" style=|Big Ten tournament
Source
Rankings
*AP does not release post-NCAA Tournament rankings^Coaches did not release a Week 1 poll.
References
2020-21
2021–22 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season
2021 in sports in Minnesota
2022 in sports in Minnesota |
The Graah Mountains ( or Graah Bjerge) are a mountain range in southeastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Kujalleq municipality.
This mountain group was named after Wilhelm August Graah, who described them for the first time during his 1829 expedition to the little known eastern coast of Greenland in search of the lost Eastern Norse Settlement. The area of the range is currently uninhabited.
Geography
The Graah Mountains are relatively little glaciated craggy and steep nunataks rising above the glaciers in the King Frederick VI Coast. The range runs roughly from east to west from the Irminger Sea coast to the Greenland ice sheet west of Kangerluk Fjord, between Kangerluluk Fjord in the north and Iluileq Fjord (Danell Fjord) in the south. The highest elevation of the range is located at its western end close to the head of Iluileq Fjord, at .
Graah described this group of mountains from the coast in the following terms:
See also
List of mountain ranges of Greenland
List of Nunataks#Greenland
Amphibolite
References
External links
Aeromagnetic map of South Greenland
Earth's continental land masses created in short, fast bursts, scientists say
Mountain ranges of Greenland
Nunataks of Greenland |
Workneh Gebeyehu Negewo (; , born 16 July 1968) is an Ethiopian politician. In September 2012, he was appointed Ministry of Transport and he has served as an elected member of Addis Ababa City Council.
Career
He studied BA in Political Science and International Relations (1991) and MA in International Relations (2006) at Addis Ababa University. He has been a member of Oromo People's Democratic Organization and EPRDF (Since 2019 the Prosperity Party) since 1991 and an executive member of both parties since 2012 and commissioner general of the Ethiopian Federal Police Commission from 2001 to 2012. Since 1 November 2016 he had served as Minister of Foreign Affairs following a cabinet reshuffle, succeeding Tedros Adhanom, before he was appointed as the 6th Executive Secretary of IGAD in November 2019.
See also
List of foreign ministers in 2017
List of current foreign ministers
References
21st-century Ethiopian politicians
Foreign ministers of Ethiopia
Government ministers of Ethiopia
1968 births
Living people
Addis Ababa University alumni
University of South Africa alumni
Oromo Democratic Party politicians
People from Oromia Region
Oromo people |
Tropidophis caymanensis, or the Cayman Islands dwarf boa, is a species of snake in the family Tropidophiidae and is classified as critically endangered. It is endemic to the Cayman Islands.
References
Tropidophiidae
Reptiles described in 1938
Endemic fauna of the Cayman Islands
Snakes of the Caribbean
Endemic fauna of the Caribbean |
Sena V was King of Anuradhapura in the 10th century, whose reign lasted from 991 to 1001. He succeeded his father Mahinda IV as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by his brother Mahinda V.
See also
List of Sri Lankan monarchs
History of Sri Lanka
References
External links
Kings & Rulers of Sri Lanka
Codrington's Short History of Ceylon
Monarchs of Anuradhapura
S
S
S
S |
The Cavalry Group of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) was formed on April 21, 1933, consisting of the IJA 1st Cavalry Brigade and IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade. It was originally assigned to the Kwantung Army. The IJA 3rd Cavalry Brigade was added in October 1937.
Timeline
On July 11, 1938, the Cavalry Group was assigned to the North China Area Army. IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade was detached to the Central China Expeditionary Army's Second Army on October 11, 1938.
On November 11, 1938, the Cavalry Group was assigned to the Japanese Twelfth Army.
At the end of January 1939, the Cavalry Group was assigned to the Mongolia Garrison Army.
The Cavalry Group was disbanded on December 1, 1942, with the formation of the Third Tank Division.
Cavalry Group
Military units and formations established in 1933
Military units and formations disestablished in 1942 |
Just Visiting is the self-titled independently released album by Christian pop/rock band Just Visiting, later known as the Elms.
Track listing
All tracks written by Owen Thomas
"Hi Fi (They Don't Compare)" – 2:57
"Jug of Pennies" – 3:45
"Cast a Stone" – 4:22
"Whadda 'Ya Say?" – 3:04
"When I Fall Away" – 3:33
"Incense & Tie Dye" – 4:29
"The Choice You Wouldn't Make" – 6:01
"Star Is Fading" – 4:41
"Supernothing" – 4:40
"About Worth" – 6:54
Personnel
Owen Thomas – Vocals, guitar, piano
Christopher D. Thomas – Drums, vocals
1998 albums
The Elms (band) albums |
Zamia angustifolia is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in the Bahamas and Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
angustifolia
Flora of Cuba
Flora of the Bahamas
Plants described in 1791
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
"F2F" is a song by American singer-songwriter SZA from her second studio album, SOS (2022). "F2F" is a rock song that draws from genres such as country, pop rock, and grunge. SZA wrote the song with Lizzo, who provides background vocals, and producers Rob Bisel and Carter Lang. The song was one of around five rock-inspired songs SZA created for SOS, conceived out of a desire to experiment with various genres outside of her usual R&B works. The song begins with acoustic guitar strums before transitioning into a chorus backed by drums and power chords from electric guitars. The lyrics talk about having sex with someone to cope with breaking up with a former partner.
The song had a positive reception for its experimentation with rock. "F2F" was one of 20 tracks from SOS that debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100, bolstered by around 13.7 million streams. Consequently, it became SZA's first song to debut atop Billboard Alternative Streaming Songs chart.
Background and release
SZA released her debut studio album, Ctrl, in 2017. Primarily an R&B album that deals with themes like heartbreak, Ctrl was widely acclaimed by critics for its vocal performances, as well as the relatability, emotional impact, and candid nature of its songwriting. The album solidified her status as one of the most well-known R&B artists of her time.
SZA alluded to potentially releasing her second album as early as August 2019, during an interview with DJ Kerwin Frost. Commenting on the creative process behind the album, she stated it would be as candid and personal as Ctrl: "This next album is even more of me being less afraid of who am I when I have no choice? When I'm not out trying to curate myself and contain." When SZA collaborated with Cosmopolitan for their February 2021 issue, she spoke about her creative process behind the album's conception. She told the magazine, "this album is going to be the shit that made me feel something in my...here and in here", pointing to her heart and gut.
During interviews in 2020 and 2022, SZA said the album's composition was eclectic; while some tracks were balladic or soft, certain parts of the album had an "aggressive" sound. She stated: "I have no idea what it sounds like to anybody else. I really don't know. It's so bizarre. It's weird that I can't put my finger on it. It's a little bit of everything." The album, apart from exploring "traditional" R&B that had been a staple of SZA's past works, also drew from genres such as alternative rock and country. Punch, CEO of SZA's record label Top Dawg Entertainment, commented on the new musical direction by saying "it's a new chapter. She's not scared to try certain things now."
From April to May 2022, SZA told media outlets that she had recently finished the album in Hawaii, saying it was her most relatable or "unisex" body of work she had made to date. In a Consequence cover story, she further commented on her plans to experiment with various genres. She asserted it was "lazy" to reduce her to an R&B artist: "I love making Black music, period. Something that is just full of energy. Black music doesn't have to just be R&B. We started rock 'n' roll. Why can't we just be expansive and not reductive?" In October, she said that she had written around 100 songs for the album and added that the album could be released "any day now". During a Billboard cover story published in November, SZA revealed that the title of her second album was SOS, scheduled for release sometime next month. On December 3, 2022, she appeared on Saturday Night Live and announced it would be released on December 9. Two days later, she posted the track list on Twitter. Out of 23 songs, "F2F" appears as the album's 13th track.
Recording and composition
Originally titled "Charlatan", "F2F" was one of around five rock songs that SZA created for SOS. She explained to Rolling Stone that these songs contained heavily confessional lyrics that demonstrated several versions of herself: "They were all terrible in terms of, like, saying bad things about what I've done to people, but it sounded cool, and I think that's what all those songs are really about. Just being super honest and letting that out." Rob Bisel and Carter Lang, producers of "F2F", revealed that American singer and rapper Lizzo was coincidentally in the same studio as SZA when she recorded the song. They added that it was one out of several songs on which the two collaborated during recording sessions; a few days prior, it was announced that Lizzo would feature on a song from the deluxe edition of SOS titled "Boy from South Detroit".
According to music journalists, "F2F" can be classified under stadium rock, pop rock, pop punk, grunge, and country. The first verse demonstrates its country influences—in it, SZA sings over acoustic guitar strums—after which drums and power chords from electric guitars appear for the chorus to indicate its punk and rock elements. Critics found the song reminiscent of rock music from the late 1990s to the early 2000s, drawing comparisons to artists like Avril Lavigne, Fefe Dobson, Paramore, and Liz Phair.
To create "F2F", SZA freestyled or improvised lyrics over an initial version of the beat with Lizzo, who helped write the song's bridge and provided pitched-up background vocals. She originally had a verse in the song, but it was removed for unspecified reasons. The lyrics discuss having sex with people to cope with a rebound, or a period of time after the end of a romantic relationship.
Reception
After the release of SOS, 20 tracks from the album debuted on the Billboard Hot 100, the United States's main record chart for songs. Among of them was "F2F", which was the 16th highest charting track; it debuted at number 55 and helped increase SZA's total amount of chart entries to 37. It was bolstered by around 13.7 million streams in its first opening week; with these streaming numbers, the song debuted atop Billboard Alternative Streaming Songs chart, her first number 1 there. Alternative Songs is a component chart of Hot Rock & Alternative Songs, on which "F2F" peaked at number 3.
The song received a positive response from fans and critics for its rock-infused production, which was a departure from the R&B sound of SZA's earlier works. Isabella Sarmiento, writing for NPR, picked "F2F" as one of the best songs of 2022.
Credits
Adapted from the liner notes of SOS
Recording and management
Engineered at Conway C and Westlake Barn and C (Los Angeles, California)
Mixed at Little People Studio (Los Angeles)
Mastered at Becker Mastering (Pasadena, California)
Personnel
Solána Rowe (SZA) lead vocals, songwriting
Rob Bisel songwriting, production, guitars, bass, keyboards, engineering
Carter Lang songwriting, production, guitars, bass, drums, keyboards
Melissa Jefferson (Lizzo) songwriting, background vocals
Robert N. Johnson assistant engineering
Noah Hashimoto assistant engineering
Dana Nielsen mixing
Dale Becker mastering
Katie Harvey assistant mastering
Noah McCorkle assistant mastering
Note
Charts
Certification
References
2022 songs
Songs written by SZA
Songs written by Lizzo
SZA songs
American pop punk songs
Grunge songs |
Cellulosimicrobium cellulans is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Cellulosimicrobium. Cellulosimicrobium cellulans can cause rare opportunistic infections. The strain EB-8-4 of this species can be used for stereoselective allylic hydroxylation of D-limonene to (+)-trans-carveol.
Biology
Morphology and features
Cellulosimicrobium cellulans is a pleomorphic Gram-positive bacteria. Initially, C.cellulans are rod-shaped bacilli that become more coccoid as the bacteria grows and matures. C. cellulans may also form branches or filaments, allowing the bacteria to better adhere to structures (including implanted devices and catheters) and allow for communication between cells.
C. cellulans is a facultative anaerobic organism, growing from both aerobic and anaerobic media conditions such as blood culture bottles. C. cellulans is catalase positive.
Metabolism
C. cellulans produces endo-β-1,3-glucanase family glucanases and mannanases. These three enzymes are particularly effective in breaking down the cell walls of yeast, so C. cellulans is considered a major source of yeast-lytic enzymes.
C. cellulans produce a variety of degradative enzymes, such as beta-glucosidase, protease, glycoside hydrolase, and chitinase. As a result, C. cellulans is capable of biodegrading xylans and celluloses and performing a role in alcohol fermentation. One significant compound the bacteria can biodegrade is benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). BaP is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), well-known organic pollutant associated with properties of teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. BaP is a degradation-resistant compound; thus, it is more inclined to accumulate in the environment. While able to degrade easily in aerobic environments, BaP is more commonly found in anaerobic environments in nature. C. cellulans can biodegrade BaP in these anaerobic environments utilizing its degradative enzymes.
Based on the automatic genome annotation and pathway reconstruction server named Kaas, three Cellulosimicrobium strains, including C. cellulans, metabolism pathways were reconstructed. The data revealed a conserved set of central pathways such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, the citric acid cycle, β-alanine metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, and two-component system (TCS). The metabolism of xanthine and hypoxanthine were discovered to be unique to C. cellulans.
Diversity
Genome evolution
As of 2017, The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) contains 17 assembled genomes for Cellulosmicrobium cellulans. The median GC content for this species is 74.3771%, with a median total length of 4.32208 Mb and a median protein count of 3871.
A recent breakthrough for the C. cellulans genome was discovered after researching certain carbohydrate lysing enzymes found in strain MP1, an isolate found in termite gut symbionts. Three of the 17 assembled genomes were selected for comparison: J36, LMG16121, and ZKA 48. Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COGs) were compared between the three known genomes of C. cellulans and the MP1 strain and demonstrated many similarities between the genomes. A strong correlation was revealed between strain LMG16121 and MP1, implying that the two genomes formed a monophyletic clade.
Phylogeny
Relatively little research has been conducted on the genus Cellulosmicrobium, contributing minimal data to the NCBI database. However, 16S rRNA gene sequences provided by GenBank made possible a phylogenetic tree to determine the relationships between each species. As of 2021, there are only 6 other known species that have been discovered within the genus Cellulosmicrobium: C. cellulans, C. aquatile, C. arenosum, C. funkei, C.marium, C. terreum, and C. varabile. Some strains of these species, namely C. cellulans and C. terreum, were isolated from samples of soil, whereas the C. funkei species was isolated from human blood.
Disease
Infection
C. cellulans infections are rare and the organism is considered an opportunistic pathogen. C. cellulans usually only affects immunocompromised individuals or foreign body carriers that penetrate the body via catheters, plant thorns/needles, etc. Fewer than 100 people have been infected by this pathogen and this pathogen has shown a variety in severity of symptoms. Those with pre-existing conditions who contract C. cellulans experience more severe disease; healthy individuals typically present with mild symptoms. In these cases, C. cellulans causes local inflammation where the affected sites become painful, swollen, and tender.
In one case study, a 52-year-old woman developed endocarditis and intracranial infarction due of C. cellulans infection.
Applications
Modern-day advances
The enzymatic properties of C. cellulans demonstrate great biotechnological and industrial potential. The endo-β-1,3-glucanase is a yeast cell wall lysing enzyme that has been utilized to study yeast and fungal cell walls. Derivatives of this enzyme have been synthesized commercially to isolate yeast DNA, prepare yeast protoplasts, and catalyze biological processes. C. cellulans is also a known producer of Levan polysaccharide, which is a polysaccharide used in food, medicinal, and cosmetic industries.
References
Further reading
External links
Type strain of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Micrococcales
Bacteria described in 1957 |
Jablonec nad Nisou (; ) is a city in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is a local centre for education, and is known for its glass and jewelry production, especially for bijou. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Administrative parts
Jablonec nad Nisou is made up by eight city parts: Jablonec nad Nisou, Jablonecké Paseky, Kokonín, Lukášov, Mšeno nad Nisou, Proseč nad Nisou, Rýnovice and Vrkoslavice.
Etymology
The name Jablonec is of Czech origin and means "little apple tree" (jablonče was a diminutive of the old Czech jabloň – "apple tree"), for the village was founded on a place where an apple tree grew. German-speaking settlers who came to the village during the 16th century adjusted the name to Gablonz. During the 19th century, the attribute "German" was often added to the name (like in the 1848 , ). In 1904, the official attribute in both Czech and German became "on the Neisse", which described the location of the town upon the river Lusatian Neisse.
Geography
Jablonec nad Nisou is located about southeast of Liberec and northeast of Prague. Most of the built-up area lies in the eastern tip of the Zittau Basin, and it is surrounded with the Jizera Mountains in the north, east and south. The northern part of the municipal territory also belongs into the Jizera Mountains Protected Landscape Area. The highest point of Jablonec nad Nisou is located on the slopes in the southeastern part of the territory, with an altitude of .
Jablonec nad Nisou is situated at the confluence of the rivers Lusatian Neisse and Bílá Nisa. The Mšeno Dam in the city belongs to the largest inner city areas in Europe. It was built in 1906–1909 and has an area of around .
History
The first written mention of Jablonec was in a Latin document from 1356 as Jablonecz. According to this document, Jablonec was founded in the 14th century. In August 1469, the village was burned to the ground by troops of rebelling Lusatians in the war between them and King George of Poděbrady. The village was then resettled in the 1530s and 1540s by mostly German-speaking colonists.
In the first half of the 17th century, Jablonec was owned by Albrecht von Wallenstein, who sold it to the Desfours family. In 1643, during the Thirty Years' War, Jablonec was burned down for the second time. Glass production began to flourish in the second half of the 17th century and Jablonec began to develop rapidly. In the 18th century, the first bijou was produced and the first exporter, J. F. Schwann, spread the villages's name throughout Europe. Jablonec was promoted to a market town by Emperor Francis II on 21 April 1808.
Further development followed the construction of the road in the 1840s. Jablonec was then promoted to a town by Emperor Franz Joseph I on 28 March 1866. Franco-Prussian War in 1870–1871 damaged competitors in the production of glass and jewelry, and the Jablonec traders seized the foreign markets. A steady supply of a wide range of glass and artificial jewellery products flowed out of the town. This industrial advancement also improved the quality of life, and Jablonec's appearance changed dramatically.
Historian Peter Hinks, writing about the various types of Late Victorian jewellery sold by British and American companies at the turn of the 20th century, noted that "The Bohemian garnet jewellery sold by Moore and Evans [in Chicago] was the product of an industry based in the town of Gablonz, now Jablonec. These very effective jewels were set with locally mined garnets, rose cut and set in gold mounts of very formal design."
However, the worldwide economic crisis resulting from the Wall Street Crash of 1929 damaged the glass and jewellery industry and the crisis of the 1930s. Changing trends and the growth of foreign competition also hurt the local industry. In October 1938, Jablonec was annexed to Nazi Germany after the Munich Agreement, and was administered as a part of Reichsgau Sudetenland until 1945.
Between 1945 and 1949, most of the Germans were expelled under the terms of Beneš decrees. After the war, the expelled German-speaking citizens of Jablonec founded a new settlement in Bavaria and called in remembrance of their hometown Neugablonz ("New Jablonec"). Today, it is one of the districts of the city of Kaufbeuren.
Demographics
Economy
Jablonec nad Nisou holds the Czech Mint after Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia (the Czechoslovakian mint, also known as the Kremnica Mint, is now in Slovakia).
The city has a long tradition of costume jewelry and beads production.
The biggest industrial employers with headquarters in the city are Preciosa (glass products manufacturer) are TI Automotive AC (production of car air conditioners).
Transport
Jablonec nad Nisou shares the tramway line which connects it to its neighbouring city of Liberec.
The city is located on the railway line from Liberec to Szklarska Poręba. The territory is served by four stations and stops.
Sport
Jablonec has a swimming pool, three football and athletic stadiums, and an ice hockey arena.
The city is represented by FK Jablonec in the Czech First League. The club has been a stable member of the league since 1994.
Before the World War II, a number of ethnic German football clubs existed in Gablonz, Fortuna, DSK and BSK. These were merged into NSTG Gablonz in 1939 by the Nazis, NSTG standing for Nationalsozialistische Turngemeinde. NSTG played in the Gauliga Sudetenland but disappeared with the end of the war. BSK however was reformed in 1950 in Bavaria, under the name of BSK Neugablonz.
Sights
The historical city centre is formed by squares Dolní, Mírové, Horní, and Anenské, which lies close to each other, and their surroundings. The city hall, called New Town Hall, is located on Mírové Square and is a functionalistic building, built in 1931–1933. The Old Town Hall with a typical square tower was built on Dolní Square in 1867–1869. Today it serves as a library.
There are several churches in the city: Church of Saint Anne (built in the Baroque style in 1865–1867), Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (a brick building, built 1930–1931), Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (built in the Art Nouveau style in 1900–1902; one of the most important sacral Art Nouveau buildings in Europe), and Protestant Dr. Farský Church (a pseudo-Gothic building from 1892).
The tradition of costume jewellery production is presented in the Museum of Glass and Costume Jewellery. It was founded in 1904 and it is located in an Art Nouveau building.
Notable people
Adolf Benda (1845–1878), historian
Gustav Leutelt (1860–1947), writer and poet
Reinhold Hanisch (1882–1937), business partner of Adolf Hitler in Vienna, 1910
Konrad Henlein (1898–1945), Nazi politician
Peter Herman Adler (1899–1990), conductor
Ute de Lange Nilsen (born 1931), Czech-Norwegian artist
Jiří Moskal (born 1949), rally raid driver
Ivan Bartoš (born 1980), politician
Jakub Čutta (born 1981), ice hockey player
Barbora Špotáková (born 1981), javelin thrower
Radka Vodičková (born 1984), triathlete
Daniel Špaček (born 1986), ice hockey player
Gabriela Koukalová (born 1989), biathlete
Jessica Jislová (born 1994), biathlete
Markéta Davidová (born 1997), biathlete
Twin towns – sister cities
Jablonec nad Nisou is twinned with:
Bautzen, Germany
Beihai, China
Jelenia Góra, Poland
Kaufbeuren, Germany
Marsciano, Italy
Ronse, Belgium
Zwickau, Germany
References
External links
Official tourist portal
Old postcards
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
Populated places in Jablonec nad Nisou District |
Nou Barris (, "nine neighbourhoods") is one of the ten districts into which Barcelona has been officially divided since 1984. The name refers to the original nine neighbourhoods it was composed of, even though nowadays it's made up of thirteen. It covers an area of 8.04 km2.
It is located in the northern part of the city adjacent to two other districts of Barcelona: Sant Andreu and Horta-Guinardó and grew up extensively out of small urbanised areas near the former municipalities of Sant Joan d'Horta and Sant Andreu de Palomar (now neighbourhoods of Barcelona) in the 20th century, especially from the 1950s on. The district council is located in a former mental institution, the Institut Mental de la Santa Creu.
Neighbourhoods
It is further divided into these neighbourhoods:
Can Peguera
Canyelles
Ciutat Meridiana
La Guineueta
Porta
La Prosperitat
Les Roquetes
Torre Baró
La Trinitat Nova
El Turó de la Peira
Vallbona
Verdum
Vilapicina i la Torre Llobeta
Demographics
In 1998 it had 168,837 inhabitants, having lost over 20,000 people from a population peak in 1991. It's the district of Barcelona with the largest Romani community. In 2005 the population went down again, with 164.981 inhabitants. Since 2000 it's become one of the areas of the city with the strongest presence of immigrants, especially from Romania, Ukraine and Ecuador, and has been largely rehabilitated by the city council. Its density is 20.520 inhabitants/km2.
See also
Districts of Barcelona
Street names in Barcelona
Urban planning of Barcelona
External links
Nou Barris at the city council site
NouBarris.net
Districts of Barcelona
Romani communities in Spain |
The Fires of Spring (1949) is the second book and first novel published by American author James A. Michener. Usually known for his multi-generational epics of historical fiction, The Fires of Spring was written as a partially autobiographical bildungsroman in which Michener's proxy, young orphan David Harper, searches for meaning and romance in pre-World War II Pennsylvania.
The book Spring Fire (by Marijane Meaker, under the pseudonym "Vin Packer") was titled that by an editor in order to confuse potential readers with The Fires of Spring.
References
1949 American novels
Novels by James A. Michener
Random House books
Novels about orphans
Novels set in Pennsylvania
American bildungsromans
1949 debut novels |
The Point of Ayre Lighthouse is an active 19th century lighthouse, sited at the Point of Ayre at the north-eastern end of the Isle of Man. It was designed and built by Robert Stevenson, grandfather of prolific writer and novelist Robert Louis Stevenson, and was first lit in 1818, making it the oldest operational lighthouse on the island.
Description
The lighthouse still retains its original 1st order Fresnel lens from 1890, which was supplied by Barbier, Benard, et Turenne of Paris. With a focal height or elevation of above sea level, the light from the tower has a nominal range of around . Its light characteristic is made up of a pattern of four flashes of white light every twenty seconds. The tower has a distinctive daymark of two red bands, the light can be seen clearly from across the water in south-west Scotland.
Owing to the continuous accumulation of shingle and gravel deposited by the strong currents, a smaller light commonly referred to as a 'winkie' had to be built to the seaward side of the main tower in 1899. This was then repositioned a further in the same direction and for the same reasons in 1950. The 'winkie' light was discontinued on 7 April 2010.
The lighthouse buildings and land have been in private ownership since 1993 when the light was fully automated. The light continues to be maintained by the Northern Lighthouse Board based in Edinburgh. In August, 2005, the fog signal at the lighthouse was decommissioned owing to the assumed reliance and availability of GPS and modern shipping guidance systems.
Gallery
See also
List of lighthouses in the Isle of Man
List of Northern Lighthouse Board lighthouses
References
External links
Northern Lighthouse Board: Point of Ayre Lighthouse History
Northern Lighthouse Board: The Winkie Lighthouse History - archived
Lighthouses completed in 1818
Lighthouses completed in 1899
Lighthouses in the Isle of Man
1818 establishments in the British Empire
Works of Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)
Registered Buildings of the Isle of Man |
The 2023–24 season is the 136th competitive association football season in India. The domestic season begins in August 2023, while the national team season commences in July 2023.
Season summary
India men's national team kicked off their preparations towards upcoming tournaments with a camp in Bhubaneswar in May. In a first, India also acquired services of Shayamal Vallabhjee, a sports psychologist.
June
Indian men's national team will kick-off their season with Intercontinental Cup against Mongolia. This is the first occasion where India will be facing the Mongolia and Vanuatu in history. Later in the same month, India will be playing 2023 SAFF Championship hosted in Bengaluru. India were drawn in Group A as hosts and were clubbed with Kuwait, Nepal and Pakistan. India won both the tournaments.
August
One of the oldest cup competition in world football Durund Cup undergo from 3 August to 3 September.The 2023 IndianOil Durand Cup final saw the Kolkata club Mohun Bagan Super Giant win their 17th Durand Cup title by defeating their arch-rivals East Bengal FC by 1–0.
September
India played SAFF U16 Championship in Bhutan from 2–10 September.Indian National team also played in King's Cup from 7–10 September in Thailand. India U 23 Team also played its AFC U 23 qualifiers from 6–12 September, which they failed to qualify.
Men's national football team
Senior team
Friendlies
2023 SAFF Championship
2026 FIFA World Cup qualification / 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification
2023 AFC Asian Cup
U-23 team
2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualifiers
2022 Asian Games
Under-20
2023 SAFF U-19 Championship
Under-17
Friendlies
2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup
2023 SAFF U-16 Championship
Women's national football team
Senior team
2022 Asian Games
2024 Olympic qualifiers
Under-17
2024 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualifiers Round 2
Men's national futsal team
Senior team
Friendlies
2024 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualification
AFC club competitions (men's)
AFC Champions League
Group stage
AFC Cup
Qualifying play-offs
Group Stage
AFC club competitions (women's)
AFC Women's Club Championship
Group stage
Men's club football
Indian Super League
I-League
I-League 2
I-League 3
Super Cup
Final
Durand Cup
Final
State football leagues
Women's club football
Indian Women's League
IWL 2nd Division
Men's club futsal
Futsal Club Championship
Youth football
Elite League
Reliance Foundation Development League
Beach Soccer
National Beach Soccer Championship
See also
Football in India
Notes
References
Football
Football
India
India
Seasons in Indian football |
```php
<?php
/**
* FecShop file.
*
* @link path_to_url
* @license path_to_url
*/
namespace fecshop\app\console\modules\Product\controllers;
use Yii;
use yii\console\Controller;
/**
* @author Terry Zhao <2358269014@qq.com>
* @since 1.0
*/
class MysqldatatomongoController extends Controller
{
public $numPerPage = 10;
public function init()
{
parent::init();
Yii::$service->product->changeToMysqlStorage();
}
/**
* 1.
* fecshopmongodb
* mysql
* mongodbmysqlmongodbjoinjoinmongodb
* mongodb
* mongodbmysql
* 2.
* 2.1mysql product_flat_qty mongodb product_flatqty
*/
public function actionSync($pageNum = 1)
{
$filter = [
'numPerPage' => $this->numPerPage,
'pageNum' => $pageNum,
'orderBy' => ['id' => SORT_ASC],
'asArray' => false,
];
$data = Yii::$service->product->coll($filter);
$coll = $data['coll'];
//
$productPrimaryKey = Yii::$service->product->getPrimaryKey();
foreach ($coll as $k=>$product) {
$product_id = $product[$productPrimaryKey];
$categoryIds = Yii::$service->product->getCategoryIdsByProductId($product_id);
$coll[$k]['category'] = is_array($categoryIds) ? $categoryIds : [];
}
// mongodb storage
Yii::$service->product->changeToMongoStorage();
foreach ($coll as $product) {
$arr = [];
foreach ($product as $k => $v) {
if ($k != 'attr_group_info') {
$arr[$k] = $v;
} else if ($k == 'attr_group_info' && is_array($v)) {
foreach ($v as $attr_group_key => $attr_group_val) {
$arr[$attr_group_key] = $attr_group_val;
}
}
}
$arr['category'] = $product['category'];
Yii::$service->product->sync($arr);
}
}
//
public function actionSynccount()
{
$count = Yii::$service->product->collCount();
echo $count ;
}
//
public function actionSyncpagenum()
{
$count = Yii::$service->product->collCount();
echo ceil($count / $this->numPerPage);
}
}
``` |
Kelvedon is a village and civil parish in the Braintree District of Essex in England, between Chelmsford and Colchester. It had a population of 4,717 in 2001, reducing to 3,587 at the 2011 Census. It is now home to several businesses including Knight Group and Lysanda. Brockwell Meadows Local Nature Reserve is south-east of the village between a housing estate and the River Blackwater.
Origins
The existing village of Kelvedon has been a settlement since the Early Middle Ages, though it stands near (and partly on) the site of a Roman settlement, probably Canonium. The earliest surviving part of its parish church, St Mary the Virgin Church probably dates to the early 12th century. The village's first school, Ayletts Foundation School, was founded by Thomas Aylett in Maldon Road, Kelvedon, in 1632 when he bequeathed the property along with £10 per annum to provide a salary for a master.
The village is bounded to the north by the River Blackwater where the adjacent village of Feering starts. The River Blackwater was spanned by a packhorse bridge, built around 1750, which was an essential part of the main road carrying traffic from Norfolk and Suffolk to London and this feature was significant in making Kelvedon an important staging post on the main route to London, as could be seen from the numerous inns and hostelries which served the area.
Kelvedon expanded significantly in the Victorian era. The reason was the Norwich to London railway making it a place to live yet get to work as rail was the only fast method of transport. Victorian Kelvedon was set along one street, High Street. In the late 19th century, Kelvedon became famous for seed growing, and the firm of Kings Seeds, now part of Associated British Foods, became famous for the production of flower and vegetable seeds. Another large seed merchant, based nearby in the hamlet of Inworth, and trading worldwide was E W Deal & Sons (a founder member of Asmer Seeds based in Leicester) who were famous for developing the Kelvedon Wonder Pea and other varieties of flowers and vegetables.
In the 1930s, with the advent of the automobile, High Street became the A12, the main road through Essex. Ribbon development saw houses sprawl along the road for miles. Ayletts Foundation School closed in 1944, though its building still stands and now houses the Kelvedon Library and Museum. It was replaced by the Kelvedon St Mary's School, a Church of England primary school located on the corner of High Street and Easterford Road (now the Kelvedon and Feering Health Centre and a private residence). It was in turn replaced in 1977 by a new school located in Docwra Road, also called Kelvedon St Marys. This school converted to academy status in March 2013. The village suffered major congestion until a bypass was built in the 1960s diverting the A12 past the village. Suburbanization started to take place in the 1980s when a large development, called Riverside Park, was constructed adding hundreds of homes to the village envelope.
Transport
Kelvedon railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line between London Liverpool Street and Ipswich. Passenger trains, operated by Greater Anglia, generally run half-hourly in each way to Liverpool Street southbound and to Colchester railway station and Ipswich northbound. With a minimum journey time of 47 minutes to Liverpool Street, Kelvedon is a desirable location for commuters working in the city of London.
Bus services are provided by the 71 First Bus service between Chelmsford and Colchester and the 91 Hedingham & District service between Tollesbury and Witham.
Kelvedon is located beside the A12 dual carriageway, which connects east London with Lowestoft; it therefore has good road links with the rest of East Anglia.
Notable residents
Susanna Corder (1787–1864), educationist and Quaker biographer was born here.
C.H. Spurgeon, known as the "Prince of Preachers", was born in Kelvedon on 19 June 1834. Charles Spurgeon was a powerful preacher of the Victorian era and boasted the largest congregation in London, to the extent that his weekly sermon was printed and sold by the thousands. The Metropolitan Tabernacle was built for him. Charles Spurgeon never returned to Kelvedon to preach although he was invited in 1853 to do so in the new Independent Chapel built in the village, an invitation which he refused. There is a blue plaque on a building in Kelvedon High Street commemorating the place of his birth.
Actress Juliet Stevenson was born in Kelvedon.
Actor Jeremy Sheffield, spent part of his childhood living in Kelvedon.
Actor John Dagleish was born and raised in Kelvedon.
References
External links
Kelvedon Free Music Festival
Kelvedon Parish Council
The Kelvedon Singers
Villages in Essex
Braintree District |
Saverio "Sam" Grana is a Canadian Academy Award-nominated television and film producer and screenwriter, most noted for the film Train of Dreams and the television miniseries The Boys of St. Vincent.
Career
For much of his career he was associated with the National Film Board of Canada, for whom he was one of the originators alongside directors Giles Walker and John N. Smith of the studio's 1980s foray into "alternative drama" docufiction filmmaking. He left the NFB in the 1990s and was briefly executive director of Film NB, the provincial filmmaking agency in New Brunswick, from March 1997 until resigning in August 1998. He then formed his own production firm, Grana Productions, for which his projects included the documentary television series Eastern Tide, and the films Geraldine's Fortune and Black Eyed Dog.
At the 9th Genie Awards in 1988, Train of Dreams was a nominee for Best Picture, and Grana was a nominee alongside Smith and Sally Bochner for Best Screenplay. At the 8th Gemini Awards in 1994, Grana, Smith and Des Walsh won the Gemini Award for Best Writing in a Dramatic Program or Miniseries for The Boys of St. Vincent.
Sam Grana was nominated for an Academy Award in 1981 for "Short Winter",a short film about an Irish family immigrating to North America in the 1890's.
He has also had a small number of acting roles, most notably as Alex Rossi in Walker's docufiction trilogy The Masculine Mystique, 90 Days and The Last Straw. He also appeared in The Boys of St. Vincent, in the minor role of Monsignor Forucco.
Nominations
Grana was nominated for an academy award in 1981 for "Short Winter".
He was a Genie Award nominee for Best Supporting Actor at the 7th Genie Awards in 1986 for 90 Days.
References
External links
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian film producers
Canadian television producers
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian people of Italian descent
Living people
National Film Board of Canada people
Cinema of New Brunswick
Canadian male television writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
20th-century Canadian male writers |
Stefanowicz is a Polish patronymic surname derived from the given name Stefan . Notable people with the surname include:
Antoni Stefanowicz
John Stefanowicz
Kajetan Stefanowicz
Magdalena Stefanowicz
Monika Stefanowicz
Maurycy Stefanowicz
Steven Stefanowicz
See also
Polish-language surnames
Patronymic surnames |
Simeon Taylor "Sim" Price Jr. (May 16, 1882 – March 16, 1945) was an American golfer who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in Maine and died in Washington, D.C. In 1904 he was part of the American team which won the bronze medal. He finished 20th in this competition. In the individual competition he finished 19th in the qualification and was eliminated in the first round of the match play.
References
External links
American male golfers
Amateur golfers
Golfers at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in golf
Medalists at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Golfers from Maine
1882 births
1945 deaths |
Project Titan or Titan Project may refer to:
Apple electric car project, with autonomous driving
Tesla subsidiary SolarCity's project to secretly replace defective solar panels
Titan (Blizzard Entertainment project).
Time Crisis: Project Titan, a 2001 videogame
"Project Titan", a fictional spacecraft from Titan A.E.
"ProjectTitan" as the SmartGaGa project
Titan Project, a defunct MMO videogame in the Halo (series)
See also
Titan (disambiguation)
Projekt TYTAN, Polish military project
Titan Wind Project, windfarm |
Elena Kulichenko (; ; born 28 July 2002) is a Cypriot track and field athlete who competes in the high jump.
Early and personal life
From Odintsovo, she is the daughter of Marina Kulichenko and Alexei Kulichenko. After graduating from high school she studied and competed at a university in Russia, but found she was unhappy and accepted a scholarship to attend the University of Georgia to study International Development and to start competing for the Georgia Bulldogs.
Career
Junior career
Kulichenko was the 2017 Russia U-18 National Outdoor Champion and was a silver medalist at the 2017 European Youth Olympic Festival in Győr. In 2018, she was granted permission to compete in junior events as a neutral athlete.
Cypriot switch
In 2019, she was again declared eligible to compete as an authorised neutral athlete by the IAAF Doping Review Board even while the Russian national federation remained suspended. She met the exceptional eligibility criteria to compete in international competition under competition Rule 22.1A(b).
She was able to gain Cypriot citizenship in 2019 because her father works and owns property in the country which has an investment programme which allows foreign nationals who invest in the Cypriot economy to apply for passports for themselves and their families. The Amateur Athletic Association of Cyprus gave her the condition that she serve a transition season prior to competing for them internationally. She was quoted in Time Magazine as saying “It wasn’t a spontaneous decision, I thought about it for a long time”, but that she received “hundreds of messages on Instagram calling me a traitor”.
She began competing on the American collegiate circuit and was named SEC Women's Indoor Freshman Field Athlete of the Year for 2022, and also earned First-Team All-American honors. She won the bronze medal in the high jump at the 2023 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships, held in Austin, Texas in June 2023, finishing behind Lamara Distin
And Charity Griffiths.
In July 2023, she won the Cypriot national championships with a 1.90m clearance in Nicosia. Later that month, she cleared 1.91m to win gold at the 2023 European Athletics U23 Championships. It was Cyprus' first ever gold medal at the event.
Major championship debut
She cleared 1.92m for a new outdoor personal best to qualify for the final on her major championship debut at the World Athletics Championships in Budapest, in August 2023.
References
2002 births
Living people
Cypriot female high jumpers
Georgia Bulldogs women's track and field athletes
Cypriot people of Russian descent
Russian emigrants to Cyprus
Universiade silver medalists for Cyprus
Medalists at the 2021 Summer Universiade
Universiade silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
European Games competitors for Cyprus
Athletes (track and field) at the 2023 European Games |
Iris atropurpurea, the coastal iris (, Irus HaArgaman, meaning "Purple Iris"; , Sawsan argwānī al-dākin) is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Israel. It has glaucous (blue-green), linear, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves. Between February and March, it has between 1 and 2 flowers, in dark shades from red-brown, burgundy, dark purple to blackish purple. They have a darker signal patch and yellow beard tipped with purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to it needing very dry conditions.
Description
It is a geophyte, with stout rhizomes, that are stoloniferous, forming long thin stolons, or secondary roots deep into the soil. The rhizomes are flush with the surface of the soil, so that they can feel the heat of the sun. They can form wide clumps of plants.
It has glaucous and linear leaves, that are falcate, The grass-like, leaves can grow up to between long, and between 0.5 and 0.8 cm wide. They are similar in form to Iris iberica (another Oncoyclus section iris).
It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall.
The stem has green, lanceolate spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are 7.6 cm long.
The stems hold between 1 and 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming early spring, between February and March. In the UK, it flowers in May, In cultivation, it flowers later, between April and May. Compared to Iris atrofusca and Iris hermona, it has floral longevity of (4.8 ± 1.3 days).
The flowers are in diameter, come in shades from orange, red-brown, dark burgundy, to purple, dark purple, or blackish purple. The flowers buds are usually black.
Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. The narrow, falls are oblong shaped, and measure long and 2.5–4 cm wide. They are usually a darker shade of colour than the standards. They do not have veining, due to the dark colour of the petals, but they do have a blackish, or darker signal patch, and in the middle of the falls, a row of short hairs called the 'beard', which are yellow, with purple tips. The rounded standards, are incurved, paler than the falls and measure long and 4.5–6 cm wide. They also do not have veining, due to the shade of the petal.
It has style branch that is 3.5 cm long, with ovate crests. It has a green perianth tube, which is longer than the ovary. The flowers do not produce nectar, a reward (for insects who pollinate the plants).
After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, which has not been described.
Genetics
As most irises are diploid, (having two sets of chromosomes), this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.
It was counted by Simonet, then by Randolph & Mitra in 1958, and also by Avishai & Zohary in 1980.
It has a chromosome count: 2n=20.
In 2016, the phylogentic relationship of the 'Oncocyclus Section' was studied. It is suggested that the Caucasus area is the ancestral origin area.
Taxonomy
It is also commonly known as "Coastal Iris".
It is known as السوسن، آحيلة الكلب in Arabic, or Saoosan al-Sahel, and אִירוּס הָאַרְגָּמן in Hebrew, or Irus haArgaman, where argaman is Hebrew for "purple". It is also known as Negev-Iris in Swedish.
The Latin specific epithet atropurpurea means dark purple coloured.
It was first discovered in Syria, but there is doubt about the proper identification of the plant described as Iris atropurpurea at the time. Some dark forms of Iris pumila and Iris germanica were mistaken called Iris atropurpurea. and then first published and described by John Gilbert Baker in Gardeners' Chronicle (Gard. Chron.) Series 1, on page 330 on 16 March 1889. It was later also published by Foster in 'The Garden' on page 133 on 18 February 1893.
It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life, and I. atropurpurea is an accepted name by the RHS.
Distribution and habitat
It is native to the coastal and hinterland regions of the historical region of the Levant, in Western Asia.
In Palestine, where the plant is native, Iris atropurpurea is found along the Israeli coastal plain, including the Sharon Plain and Philistean Plain. It is found in the Ilanot Kadima Nature Reserve, a botanical forest garden in the Sharon region, and near the Rishon LeZion Shafdan dunes.
Habitat
It grows on poor quality sandy soils, or mixed with gravel, such as found in old sand dunes (or Kurkar Hills,) and along the coastal plains.
The iris and Iris hermona (another Oncocyclus section iris) are found on lime-less soils (light or basalt).
Synecology
The species is normally found with, heliotrope (heliotropium rotundifolium), a figwort (scrophularia xanthoglossa) scabious (scabiosa argentea) and a number of grasses.
Conservation
Previously, the iris was widely found along the coast of Israel, but by the 1950s, the habitats of I. atropurpurea was drastically affected by citrus plantations, and urbanisation, which reduced the fragmented areas of light soils along the coast. Then by 1959, it was listed as threatened by extinction, as only a few populations of the iris were found in reduced areas. In 1964, a law was established in Israel to protect the ten species of iris endemic to the region. Then in 1963, the Nature Reserves acts was established, which was followed by the establishment of the Nature Reserves Authority (NRA) in 1964, the authority enforces the act and manages the nature reserves. In 1975, Agami and Dafni, listed the iris as 'threatened by real extinction'. Later in 1986, 9 species of iris (including I. atropurpurea) were recorded in Flora Palaestina by Feinbrun. In 2000, ten species of iris, were classed as 'endangered' (according to IUCN categories). A new protection law was established on 1 February 2001. Then in 2008, it was listed by Smida and Polak, in the Red Data Book (the Rare and Endangered Plants of Israel.) as 'vulnerable', it was listed in 2012 as high conservation priority.
The iris is currently only found in nature reserves, such as the 'Irises Dora Rainpool nature park' near Netanya, which has the world's largest population of I. atropurpurea.
In 2009, the Israel Supreme Court upheld a plan to build an apartment complex near a seasonal lake which had a large population of the iris. Also in 2009, the Supreme Court denied an application to build houses on Ness Ziona's famous Iris Hill. The Society for Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI) then appealed to the Israel Land Administration and the Ness Ziona Municipality, to have the Iris Hill officially declared a national park.
Populations of the iris, also can be found in 'Poleg nature reserve' (near Netanya), in the Beit Netufa Valley (which has 60 species of unique plants in danger of extinction).
Cultivation
It is hardy to a dry Mediterranean-like climate, although within the UK, and some parts of the US, it is recommended to be grown in pots in a frost-free greenhouse with forced ventilation. They also prefer very fertile seed compost and dislike any temperature changes.
According to Dykes, it is best planted in October in the UK.
It has been cultivated in Syria.
Propagation
Irises can generally be propagated by division, or by seed growing. Irises seeds generally require a period of cold, then a period of warmth and heat, also they need some moisture. Some seeds need stratification, (the cold treatment), which can be carried out indoors or outdoors. Seedlings are generally potted on (or transplanted) when they have 3 leaves.
Mature clumps of plants can be divided every three years, and they need to be re-planted in September, when humidity is lowering and temperatures are milder. The rhizomes can be prone to bacterial rot, if conditions are too damp.
In the wild, the iris is pollinated by male eucerine bees (night-sheltering male bees,) and occasionally by female solitary bees.
The problem is that its populations have become so fragmented, with no natural flight path for bees between them, that they are now becoming reliant on man, who pollinates them instead, to maintain the genetic variability in the species.
The effects of inbreeding, due to the scattered populations of the iris have been studied.
Hybrids and cultivars
It was original introduced by Mesers Dammmann and Co. (a bulb nursery), who also sold a named variety 'Odysseus'.
Several other cultivars have been bred, such as 'Atropurpurea Eggeri' and 'Rachel'.
I. atropurpuera has also hybridized with 'Section Regalia' irises Iris hoogiana and Iris korolkowii.
Toxicity
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also, handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction.
References
Other sources
Al-Khalil S, Al-Eisawi D. The chemotaxonomic profile of Iris atrofusca and Iris atropurpurea Bull. Fac. Pharm. (Cairo Uni.) 1995 33 (special issue) 111-4
Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson Våra kulturväxters namn – ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 (Vara kulturvaxt namn)
Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 44.
Sapir, Y. et al. 2002. Morphological variation of the Oncocyclus irises (Iris: Iridaceae) in the southern Levant Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 139:369–382.
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan Flora palaestina. 1966– (F Palest)
External links
Listed as part of the Flora of Israel – has the yellow form as well as the purple form
Video of the irises in Netanya's Coastal Iris reserve
atropurpurea
Endemic flora of Israel |
Clay Dyer (born May 23, 1978, in Hamilton, Alabama) is a professional sport bass fisherman. Dyer was born without any lower limbs, no arm on the left side and a partial arm on the right. His motto for life is "If I can, you can."
Professional career
Dyer's physical limitations have not dampened his determination and positive spirit. He started fishing at age 5 and began tournament fishing at age 15. He refuses to use special equipment, wanting to cast with one hand as others do with two. He casts by tucking the rod under his jaw and whipping it around with a quick left-to-right twist. He reels fish in while holding the end of the rod under his chin. He ties knots with his tongue and unhooks fish with his teeth.
Dyer fishes on the Bassmaster Open Series. He has fished in more than 200 bass tournaments and placed first in approximately 20 state bass tournaments.
He is sponsored by O.R.C.A. coolers, Strike King Lure Co., Ranger Boats and Mercury Marine.
Other activities
In addition to his competitive fishing, Dyer is also a motivational speaker for corporations, churches, and charitable organizations.
Biography
Dyer's biography, The View From Down Here is Just Fine, was written by Scot Laney. Dyer is also the subject of chapters in three other books: Living Life in the Zone, Performance Intelligence at Work, and Dance Until it Rains.
Clay currently fishing the Bassmaster Southern Open series. He makes 60+ speaking appearances each year.
Clay is married to the love of his life, Kim, who ironically had the same love for Bass fishing as Clay. The two married on November 9, 2013. They are known as a powerful ministry team.
See also
Bob Wieland
References
External links
Clay Dyer's official website
Clay's fan club
Miracle Worker
Clay Dyer-Motivational/Inspirational Speaker
Watch Clay catch fish with Joey Mines
Clay's interview with 700 Club
1978 births
American disabled sportspeople
Sportspeople from Alabama
Living people
People from Hamilton, Alabama |
Mormon No More is an American documentary television series that premiered on Hulu on June 24, 2022. The show follows Sally "Sal" Osborne and Lena Schwen as they discover their Lesbian sexuality and leave the Mormon faith. The series also includes interviews and stories from other Mormon and ex-Mormon members of the LGBTQ+ community. Matt Easton, Brad Talbot, Brock Aiken, and Polly Choque-Mendoza all share their stories of struggle to reconcile their faith with their sexuality.
Episodes
See also
List of Hulu original programming
Under the Banner of Heaven
Keep Sweet: Pray and Obey
References
2022 American television series debuts
2020s American documentary television series
Television series about religion
2020s American LGBT-related television series
Hulu original programming |
The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844. The Midland was one of the largest railway companies in Britain in the early 20th century, and the largest employer in Derby, where it had its headquarters. It amalgamated with several other railways to create the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at grouping in 1923.
The Midland had a large network of lines emanating from Derby, stretching to London St Pancras, Manchester, Carlisle, Birmingham, and the South West. It expanded as much through acquisitions as by building its own lines. It also operated ships from Heysham in Lancashire to Douglas and Belfast. A large amount of the Midland's infrastructure remains in use and visible, such as the Midland Main Line and the Settle–Carlisle line, and some of its railway hotels still bear the name Midland Hotel.
History
Origins
The Midland Railway originated from 1832 in Leicestershire / Nottinghamshire, with the purpose of serving the needs of local coal owners.
The company was formed on 10 May 1844 by the merger of the Midland Counties Railway, the North Midland Railway, and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway joined two years later. These met at the Tri-Junct station at Derby, where the MR established its locomotive and later its carriage and wagon works.
Leading it were George Hudson from the North Midland, and John Ellis from the Midland Counties. James Allport from the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway found a place elsewhere in Hudson's empire with the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway, though he later returned.
The MR was in a commanding position having its Derby headquarters at the junctions of the two main routes from London to Scotland, by its connections to the London and Birmingham Railway in the south, and from York via the York and North Midland Railway in the north.
Consolidation
Almost immediately it took over the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway and the Erewash Valley Line in 1845, the latter giving access to the Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire coalfields. It absorbed the Mansfield and Pinxton Railway in 1847, extending the Erewash Valley Line from the latter between Chesterfield and Trent Junction at Long Eaton, completed to Chesterfield in 1862, giving access to the coalfields that became its major source of income. Passengers from Sheffield continued to use Rotherham Masborough until a direct route was completed in 1870.
Meanwhile, it extended its influence into the Leicestershire coalfields, by buying the Leicester and Swannington Railway in 1846, and extending it to Burton in 1849.
The South-West
After the merger, London trains were carried on the shorter Midland Counties route. The former Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway was left with the traffic to Birmingham and Bristol, an important seaport. The original 1839 line from Derby had run to Hampton-in-Arden: the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway had built a terminus at Lawley Street in 1842, and on 1 May 1851 the MR started to run into Curzon Street.
The line south was the Birmingham and Bristol Railway, which reached Curzon Street via Camp Hill. These two lines had been formed by the merger of the standard gauge Birmingham and Gloucester Railway and the broad gauge Bristol and Gloucester Railway.
They met at Gloucester via a short loop of the Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway. The change of gauge at Gloucester meant that everything had to be transferred between trains, creating chaos, and the C&GWU was owned by the Great Western Railway, which wished to extend its network by taking over the Bristol to Birmingham route. While the two parties were bickering over the price, the MR's John Ellis overheard two directors of the Birmingham and Bristol Railway on a London train discussing the business, and pledged that the MR would match anything the Great Western would offer.
Since it would have brought broad gauge into Curzon Street with the possibility of extending it to the Mersey, it was something that the other standard gauge lines wished to avoid, and they pledged to assist the MR with any losses it might incur. In the event all that was necessary was for the later LNWR to share Birmingham New Street with the Midland when it was opened in 1854, and Lawley Street became a goods depot.
Eastern competition
The MR controlled all the traffic to the North East and Scotland from London. The LNWR was progressing slowly through the Lake District, and there was pressure for a direct line from London to York. Permission had been gained for the Northern and Eastern Railway to run through Peterborough and Lincoln but it had barely reached Cambridge.
Two obvious extensions of the Midland Counties line were from Nottingham to Lincoln and from Leicester to Peterborough. They had not been proceeded with, but Hudson saw that they would make ideal "stoppers": if the cities concerned were provided with a rail service, it would make it more difficult to justify another line. They were approved while the bill for the direct line was still before Parliament, forming the present day Lincoln Branch and the Syston to Peterborough Line.
The Leeds and Bradford Railway had been approved in 1844. By 1850 it was losing money but a number of railways offered to buy it. Hudson made an offer more or less on his own account and the line gave the MR an exit to the north, which became the start of the Settle and Carlisle line, and it gave the MR a much more convenient station at Leeds Wellington.
In spite of the objections of Hudson, for the MR and others, the "London and York Railway" (later the Great Northern Railway) led by Edmund Denison persisted, and the bill passed through Parliament in 1846.
The Battle of Nottingham
In 1851 the Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway completed its line from Grantham as far as Colwick, from where a branch led to the MR Nottingham station. The Great Northern Railway by then passed through Grantham and both railway companies paid court to the fledgling line. Meanwhile, Nottingham had woken up to its branch line status and was keen to expand. The MR made a takeover offer only to discover that a shareholder of the GN had already gathered a quantity of Ambergate shares. An attempt to amalgamate the line with the GN was foiled by Ellis, who managed to obtain an Order in Chancery preventing the GN from running into Nottingham. However, in 1851 it opened a new service to the north that included Nottingham.
In 1852 an ANB&EJR train arrived in Nottingham with a GN locomotive at its head. When it uncoupled and went to run round the train, it found its way blocked by a MR engine while another blocked its retreat. The engine was shepherded to a nearby shed and the tracks were lifted. This episode became known as the "Battle of Nottingham" and, with the action moved to the courtroom, it was seven months before the locomotive was released.
The Euston Square Confederacy
The London and Birmingham Railway and its successor the London and North Western Railway had been under pressure from two directions. Firstly the Great Western Railway had been foiled in its attempt to enter Birmingham by the Midland, but it still had designs on Manchester. At the same time the LNWR was under threat from the GN's attempts to enter Manchester by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway.
To London
King's Cross 1857–1868
In 1850 the MR, though much more secure, was still a provincial line. Ellis realised that if it were to fend off its competitors it must expand outwards. The first step, in 1853, was to appoint James Allport as general manager, and the next was to shake off the dependence on the LNWR to London.
Although a bill for a line from Hitchin into King's Cross jointly with the GN, was passed in 1847 it had not been proceeded with.
The bill was resubmitted in 1853 with the support of the people of Bedford, whose branch to the LNWR was slow and unreliable, and with the knowledge of the Northamptonshire iron deposits.
The Leicester and Hitchin Railway ran from Wigston to Market Harborough, through Desborough, Kettering, Wellingborough and Bedford, then on the Bedford to Hitchin Line, joining the GN at Hitchin for King's Cross. The line began its life in a proposition presented for the shareholders by George Hudson on 2 May 1842 as: "To vest £600,000 in the South Midland Railway Company in their line from Wigston to Hitchin." a full decade before realisation. The delay was partly due to the withdrawal of GN's interest in the competing scheme, the Bedford and Leicester Railway, after Midland purchased the Leicester and Swannington Railway and the Ashby Canal and Tramway, which were to have been the feeder lines. With the competition thwarted there was less rush to have this line as well as its branch lines to Huntingdon (from Kettering) and Northampton (from Bedford) finished. Both these branches were subsequently built by independent companies.
While this took some of the pressure off the route through Rugby, the GNR insisted that passengers for London alight at Hitchin, buying tickets in the short time available, to catch a GNR train to finish their journey. James Allport arranged a seven-year deal with the GN to run into King's Cross for a guaranteed £20,000 a year (),. Through services to London were introduced in February 1858. The construction of the Leicester and Hitchin railway cost £1,750,000 ().
St Pancras 1868
By 1860 the MR was in a much better position and was able to approach new ventures aggressively. Its carriage of coal and iron – and beer from Burton-on-Trent – had increased by three times and passenger numbers were rising, as they were on the GN. Since GN trains took precedence on its own lines, MR passengers were becoming more and more delayed. Finally in 1862 the decision was taken for the MR to have its own terminus in the Capital, as befitted a national railway.
On 22 June 1863, the Midland Railway (Extension to London) Bill was passed:
"An Act for the Construction by the Midland Railway Company of a new Line of Railway between London and Bedford, with Branches therefrom; and for other Purpose".
The new line deviated at Bedford, through a gap in the Chiltern Hills at Luton, reaching London by curving around Hampstead Heath to a point between King's Cross and Euston. The line from Bedford to Moorgate opened for passenger services on 13 July 1868 with services into St Pancras station starting on 1 October 1868.
St Pancras station is a marvel of Gothic Revival architecture, in the form of the Midland Grand Hotel by Gilbert Scott, which faces Euston Road, and the wrought-iron train shed designed by William Barlow. Its construction was not simple, since it had to approach through the ancient St Pancras Old Church graveyard. Below was the Fleet Sewer, while a branch from the main line ran underground with a steep gradient beneath the station to join the Metropolitan Railway, which ran parallel to what is now Euston Road.
The construction of the London Extension railway cost £9,000,000 ().
To Manchester
From the 1820s proposals for lines from London and the East Midlands had been proposed, and they had considered using the Cromford and High Peak Railway to reach Manchester (See Derby station).
Finally the MR joined with the Manchester and Birmingham Railway (M&BR), which was also looking for a route to London from Manchester, in a proposal for a line from Ambergate. The Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway, it received the Royal Assent in 1846, in spite of opposition from the Sheffield, Ashton-Under-Lyne and Manchester Railway. It was completed as far as Rowsley a few miles north of Matlock in 1849. However the M&BR had become part of the LNWR in 1846, thus instead of being a partner it had an interest in thwarting the Midland.
In 1863 the MR reached Buxton, just as the LNWR arrived from the other direction by the Stockport, Disley and Whaley Bridge Railway. In 1867 the MR began an alternative line through Wirksworth (now the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway), to avoid the problem of the Ambergate line. The section from Wirksworth to Rowsley, which would have involved some tricky engineering, was not completed because the MR gained control of the original line in 1871, but access to Manchester was still blocked at Buxton. At length an agreement was made with the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) to share lines from a branch at Millers Dale and running almost alongside the LNWR, in what became known as the Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies' Committee.
Continuing friction with the LNWR caused the MR to join the MS&LR and the GN in the Cheshire Lines Committee, which also gave scope for wider expansion into Lancashire and Cheshire, and finally a new station at Manchester Central.
In the meantime Sheffield had at last gained a main-line station. Following representations by the council in 1867 the MR promised to build a through line within two years. To the MR's surprise, the Sheffield councillors then backed an improbable speculation called the Sheffield, Chesterfield, Bakewell, Ashbourne, Stafford and Uttoxeter Railway. This was unsurprisingly rejected by Parliament and the Midland built its "New Road" into a station at Pond Street.
Among the last of the major lines built by the MR was a connection between Sheffield and Manchester, by a branch at Dore to Chinley, opened in 1894 through the Totley and Cowburn Tunnels, now the Hope Valley Line.
To Scotland
In the 1870s a dispute with the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) over access rights to the LNWR line to Scotland caused the MR to construct the Settle and Carlisle line, the highest main line in England, to secure access to Scotland.
The dispute with the LNWR was settled before the Settle and Carlisle was built, but Parliament refused to allow the MR to withdraw from the project. The MR was also under pressure from Scottish railway companies, which were eagerly awaiting the Midland traffic reaching Carlisle as it would allow them to challenge the Caledonian Railway's dominance on the West Coast traffic to Glasgow and Edinburgh. The Glasgow and South Western Railway had its own route from Carlisle to Glasgow via Dumfries and Kilmarnock, whilst the North British Railway had built the Waverley Line through the Scottish Borders from Carlisle to Edinburgh. The MR was obliged to go ahead and the Settle to Carlisle opened in 1876.
Later history
The Nottingham direct line of the Midland Railway opened for goods traffic on 1 December 1879 and for passenger traffic on 1 March 1880.
By the middle of the decade investment had been paid for; passenger travel was increasing, with new comfortable trains; and the mainstay of the line – goods, particularly minerals – was increasing dramatically.
Allport retired in 1880, to be succeeded by John Noble and then by George Turner. By the new century the quantity of goods, particularly coal, was clogging the network. The passenger service was acquiring a reputation for lateness. Lord Farrar reorganised the expresses, but by 1905 the whole system was so overloaded that no one was able to predict when many of the trains would reach their destinations. At this point Sir Guy Granet took over as general manager. He introduced a centralised traffic control system, and the locomotive power classifications that became the model for those used by British Railways.
The MR acquired other lines, including the Belfast and Northern Counties Railway in 1903 and the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway in 1912. It had running rights on some lines, and it developed lines in partnership with other railways, being involved in more 'Joint' lines than any other. In partnership with the GN it owned the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway to provide connections from the Midlands to East Anglia, the UK's biggest joint railway. The MR provided motive power for the Somerset & Dorset Joint Railway, and was a one-third partner in the Cheshire Lines Committee.
In 1913, the company achieved a total revenue of £15,129,136 () with working expenses of £9,416,981 ().
First World War and the Grouping
With the onset of the First World War in 1914, unified Government control of the Midland, and all the main line railways, was imposed through the medium of the Railway Executive Committee. The Midland retained its private sector independence, being given income to match 1913 levels, but was required to undertake huge volumes of military traffic, largely freight, with little opportunity to maintain the network and rolling stock.
At the end of the war, the railways were worn out and it was obvious that resumption of pre-war business was impossible. The Government passed the Railways Act 1921 by which all the main line railways were amalgamated into one or other of four new large concerns, in a process known as the "Grouping". The Midland Railway was a constituent of the new London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) from the beginning of 1923; it was the largest joint stock company in the world.
Acquisitions
Ships
The MR operated ships from Heysham to Douglas and Belfast.
Emblems
The coat of arms combines the symbols of Birmingham, Derby, Bristol, Leicester, Lincoln and Leeds. The wyvern, a legendary bipedal dragon, was used extensively as an emblem by the Midland, having inherited it from the Leicester and Swannington Railway. The MR, which used a wyvern sans legs (legless) above its crest, asserted that the "wyvern was the standard of the Kingdom of Mercia", and that it was "a quartering in the town arms of Leicester". The symbol appeared on everything from station buildings and bridges down to china, cutlery and chamber pots in its hotels, and was worn as a silver badge by all uniformed employees. However, in 1897 the Railway Magazine noted that there appeared "to be no foundation that the wyvern was associated with the Kingdom of Mercia". It has been associated with Leicester since the time of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster and Leicester (–1322), the most powerful lord in the Midlands, who used it as his personal crest, and was recorded in a heraldic visitation of the town in 1619.
Accidents and incidents
In June 1850, the boiler of a locomotive exploded at Kegworth railway station, Nottinghamshire.
In 1850, a train was in a rear-end collision with an excursion train at station, Yorkshire. The cause was a signal not being lit at night.
In 1853, the boiler of a locomotive exploded whilst it was hauling a freight train near Bristol, Gloucestershire.
On 9 September 1867, an up cattle train collided with a stationary ballast train in Dove Holes Tunnel. An 11-year-old girl being given an unofficial ride in the ballast train brake-van was killed. The cattle train detached from its two locomotives and ran back down the gradient to New Mills, where it collided with a Manchester-Derby express, which became the second runaway of the incident.
On 28 August 1875, a passenger train overran signals and was in a rear-end collision with an excursion train at Kildwick, Yorkshire. Seven people were killed and 39 were injured.
On 11 August 1880, a passenger train was derailed at , Lancashire. Eight people were killed and 23 were injured.
On 19 August 1880, a passenger train stops inside Blea Moor Tunnel, Yorkshire due to a faulty brake pipe. An express passenger train overruns signals and is in a rear-end collision at low speed.
On 27 August 1887, an express passenger train overran signals and collided with a freight train that was being shunted at Wath station, Yorkshire. Twenty-two people were injured.
On 9 June 1892, a passenger train overran signals and was in collision with another at Esholt Junction, Yorkshire. Five people were killed and 30 were injured.
On 3 December 1892, a freight train crashed at Wymondham Junction., Leicestershire, severely damaging the signal box.
On 2 September 1898, an express passenger train was derailed at , Northamptonshire by a trolley that had fallen off the platform onto the track. Seven people were killed and 65 were injured.
On 24 July 1900, a passenger train was derailed at , Lancashire. One person was killed.
On 1 December 1900, a freight train was derailed at Peckwash near Duffield, Derbyshire.
On 23 December 1904, an express passenger train was derailed at , Buckinghamshire due to excessive speed on a curve. Another express passenger train collided with the wreckage at low speed. Four people were killed.
On 19 January 1905, an express passenger train overran signals and was in collision with a passenger train at , Yorkshire. Seven people were killed.
In June 1907, a luggage train was derailed by trap points at Silkstream Junction after the driver misread signals.
On 24 December 1910, an express passenger train was in a rear-end collision with two light engines near Moorcock Tunnel, to the south of Ais Gill summit, due to errors by the signalman at and the firemen of the light engines. The train was derailed and caught fire. Twelve people were killed and seventeen were injured.
On 2 September 1913, a passenger train overran a signal and was in a rear-end collision with another passenger train between Mallerstang and Ais Gill, i.e. to the north of Ais Gill summit. Sixteen people were killed and 38 were injured.
Notable people
Chairmen
George Hudson 1844 – 1849
John Ellis 1849 – 1856
William Evans Hutchinson 1864 – 1870
William Philip Price 1870 – 1873
Edward Shipley Ellis 1873 – 1879
Matthew William Thompson 1880 – 1890
(George) Ernest Paget 1890 – 1911
George Murray Smith 1911 – 1919
Charles Booth 1919 – 1922
(William) Guy Granet 1922 – 1923
General Managers
Joseph Sanders 1849 – 1853 (afterwards Secretary)
James Joseph Allport 1853 – 1857
W. L. Newcombe 1857 – 1860
James Joseph Allport 1860 – 1880
John Noble 1880 – 1892
George Henry Turner 1892 – 1901
John Mathieson 1901 – 1905
(William) Guy Granet 1905 – 1918
Frank Tatlow 1918 – 1922 (formerly deputy general manager)
Locomotive Superintendents and Chief Mechanical Engineers
Matthew Kirtley 1844 – 1873 (LS)
Samuel Waite Johnson 1873 – 1904 (LS)
Richard Deeley 1904 – 1909 (CME)
Henry Fowler 1909 – 1923 (CME)
James Anderson 1915 – 1919 (temporary)
Resident Engineers
William Henry Barlow 1842 – 1857 (afterwards Consulting Engineer)
Chief Architect
John Holloway Sanders c.1854 – 1884
Charles Trubshaw 1884 – 1905
Solicitors
Samuel Carter MP 1835 – 1868
See also
Midland Railway War Memorial, Derby
Locomotives of the Midland Railway
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
Midland Railway Society
Midland Railway Study Centre at Derby
Midland Railway loco photo at National Railway Museum
RCHS Media Archive – Midland Railway
British companies established in 1844
Railway companies established in 1844
Pre-grouping British railway companies
London, Midland and Scottish Railway constituents
Companies based in Derby
Collections of Derby Museum and Art Gallery
1922 mergers and acquisitions |
The 2000 Elite League speedway season was the 66th season of the top tier of speedway in the United Kingdom. It was the fourth known as the Elite League and was governed by the Speedway Control Board (SCB), in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA).
Season summary
In 2000, the league decreased to nine teams with the Hull Vikings dropping back down to the Premier League after just one season. The league operated on a standard format without play-offs.
Eastbourne Eagles claimed the millennium season league title but only finished two points clear of King's Lynn Knights. Martin Dugard topped scored for the Eagles but was well supported by their new signing Joe Screen from Hull Vikings. Three other English riders finished with averages in excess of 7 which was the crucial difference during the season. They were David Norris, Paul Hurry and Dean Barker. The King's Lynn Australian pairing of Leigh Adams and Jason Crump topped the league averages but did not have the back up that Eastbourne relied on. King's Lynn gained consolation when winning the Knockout Cup.
Final table
Oxford v Belle Vue not held.
Elite League Knockout Cup
The 2000 Speedway Star Knockout Cup was the 62nd edition of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams. King's Lynn Stars were the winners of the competition.
First round
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
First leg
Second leg
King's Lynn Knights were declared Knockout Cup Champions, on aggregate score 100-80.
Riders' Championship
Ryan Sullivan won the Elite League Riders' Championship, held at the Brandon Stadium on 21 October.
Leading final averages
Riders & final averages
Belle Vue
8.34
7.02
7.00
6.45
6.20
6.20
5.78
5.58
5.37
5.38
4.64
3.76
2.20
Coventry
9.00
8.77
7.63
5.35
5.34
5.30
5.26
4.56
Eastbourne
9.67
8.82
7.73
7.34
7.20
7.02
5.73
2.89
Ipswich
9.57
9.52
6.53
6.51
6.13
4.65
4.15
3.51
3.46
King's Lynn
10.17
10.15
7.98
6.86
6.57
5.88
4.40
4.14
Oxford
8.24
7.97
7.36
6.93
5.49
5.27
4.57
4.54
4.26
Peterborough
9.18
8.69
6.85
6.84
5.92
5.82
5.67
5.46
4.50
4.47
Poole
10.10
8.57
7.60
7.21
5.17
4.26
3.41
1.28
Wolverhampton
8.32
7.94
7.75
7.48
5.79
5.55
3.72
See also
List of United Kingdom Speedway League Champions
Knockout Cup (speedway)
References
SGB Premiership
2000 in British motorsport |
Gadget Man (previously Stephen Fry: Gadget Man) is a British television series, which aired from 19 November 2012 to 22 June 2015 on Channel 4 and was presented by Stephen Fry in the first series and Richard Ayoade in the remaining three. Each episode presented a variety of innovative products related to the episode's theme. The series was mainly filmed in and around The Lime Works, a 1930s art deco converted water tower in Norton, Kent. Since the Stephen Fry: Gadget Man series was first broadcast, the franchise has also been expanded by Channel 4/North One to include Travel Man with Ayoade and current presenter Joe Lycett, and new commission Hobby Man, with Alex Brooker from Channel 4's Friday night comedy show The Last Leg.
Episodes
Series overview
Series 1 (2012)
Series 2 (2013)
Series 3 (2014)
Series 4 (2015)
References
External links
2012 British television series debuts
2015 British television series endings
Channel 4 original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by All3Media
British non-fiction television series |
Elmer Otto Bergman (January 21, 1892 - January 1973) was an American civil, mechanical and consulting engineer at the University of Colorado and at C. F. Braun & Company, later KBR Inc. He served as the 83rd president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in the year 1964–65.
Biography
Youth, education, and early career
Bergman was born in 1892 in Kimball, Nebraska, son of Andrew Bergman and Hannah (Sjoblom) Bergman. He graduated from the Kimball High School in 1909. He started working as teacher in the elementary schools, and served in the United States Navy for two years.
Next, Bergman started his studies at Creighton University in 1914, where he obtained his AB in 1920. He continued his studies at the University of Colorado, where he obtained his BSc in 1925 and his MSc in 1926.
Bergman continued his studies University Colorado in Civil Engineering and obtained another AB magna cum laude and BSc with special honour in 1932. Last he continued at Stanford University, and obtained his Doctor of Philosophy in 1938 under Stephen Timoshenko.
Academic career, in industry and honours
Bergman had started his academic career at the University of Colorado as instructor in 1924, was assistant professor from 1926 to 1932, and associate professor from 1932 to 1937.
After his graduation at Stanford University in 1938 Bergman moved into the industry. He joined C. F. Braun & Company, in Alhambra, California, an engineering company, which designed petroleum and chemical processing facilities and was later acquired by KBR Inc. He started as Stress analyst, was chief research from 1940 to 1944, and staff consultant from 1944 to 1958. In 1959 he became senior staff member at the National Engineering Science Companyin Pasadena.
Berman was elected Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and served as its president in the year 1964–65.
Selected publications
Elmer Otto Bergman. The Theory of Small Deflections of Rectangular Plates with Practical Applications. Leland Stanford junior university, 1938.
Herbert James Gilkey, Glenn Murphy, Elmer Otto Bergman. Materials Testing: Theory, Practice and Significance of Physical Tests on Engineering Materials. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Incorporated, 1941.
Elmer Otto Bergman. The ASME pressure vessel code: a joint effort for safe construction. Contributed for presentation at the American Society of Mechanical Engineers eighth Annual Petroleum Mechanical Engineering Conference, Houston, Texas ... September 29, 1953. Private press of C.F. Braun, 1953.
Articles, a selection
Bergman, E. O. "The new-type code chart for the design of vessels under external pressure." TRANS. ASME 74 (1952): 647–054.
Bergman, E. O. "The design of vertical pressure vessels subjected to applied forces." Pressure Vessel and Piping Design: Collected Papers 1927-1959 (1960).
Patents, a selection
Bergman, Eugene O., Richard W. Hsieh, and John Geibel. "Apparatus for distributing gas and liquid during concurrent gas/liquid backwash in filter underdrain flumes." U.S. Patent No. 6,312,611. 6 Nov. 2001.
References
1892 births
1973 deaths
American civil engineers
American mechanical engineers
Creighton University alumni
University of Colorado alumni
Stanford University alumni
University of Colorado faculty
People from Kimball, Nebraska
Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
20th-century American engineers |
Safran Landing Systems, formerly Messier-Bugatti-Dowty, is a French company involved in the design, development, manufacture and customer support of all types of aircraft landing gear, wheels and brakes and a wholly owned subsidiary of Safran SA. It is the world's largest manufacturer of aircraft landing gear.
The company can be traced to the establishment of a 50/50 joint venture in 1995 between France's Messier and the United Kingdom's Dowty Group, then owned by TI Group. Messier-Dowty was purchased outright from TI Group by the SNECMA group in 1998. The 2005 merger of SAGEM and SNECMA made Messier-Dowty part of the new Safran company. In May 2011, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty was formed through the merger of three Safran subsidiaries: Messier-Dowty, Messier-Bugatti and Messier Services. In May 2016, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty became SAFRAN Landing Systems.
Safran Landing Systems operates a number of sites across the globe, in Asia, Europe, Canada, Mexico and the United States; workshare is divided between these locations, each one typically specialising in an aspect of landing gear design, manufacture and support. Its main headquarters is located in Vélizy, outside Paris. The company's projects are divided into two business units: Airbus & European Programs and Boeing & North American Programs.
History
The origins of the company dates back to the formation of a 50/50 joint venture between the France-based Messier and the United Kingdom-based Dowty Group, then owned by TI Group, in 1995. That same year, the company announced its intentions to develop a universal landing gear platform that would be shared between multiple airliners; the aim of such commonality was a 20-40% reduction in the cost of the landing gear to manufacturers and end customers. According to Tony Edwards, the chief executive and chairman of the merged entity, while acknowledging the new entity had been experiencing some difficulties due to a lack of preparation, he regarded it as being: "a successful example of European integration that works". During early 1998, Messier-Dowty was purchased outright from TI Group by the SNECMA group.
During 1998, the company decided to invest $30 million in the creation of a new US subsidiary, known as A-Carb, to produce carbon brakes for both Airbus and Boeing airliners. That same year, Messier-Dowty and Messier Bugatti teamed up to form a new SNECMA-held subsidiary, Messier Services, which specialised in delivering the maintenance of both landing gear systems and brake units. During late 1998, Messier-Dowty announced that, to support future product development and testing efforts, it was planning to construct the world's largest landing gear drop test rig at its facility in Toulouse, France.
In 1999, Messier-Dowty announced plans to create a design office in Seattle, America, as part of an effort to work closely with Boeing on both its civil and military programmes. That same year, it was announced that a new manufacturing facility would be established in Singapore as a joint venture between Singapore Aerospace Manufacturing and Messier-Dowty. In June 2001, Messier-Dowty was awarded a $2.9 million contract for research into the field of low-noise landing gear; this deal was a part of the SILENCE(R) initiative, a four-year European effort launched to improve the environmental qualities of commercial aircraft. During 2002, the company opened the world's largest landing gear test centre in Gloucester, England.
In February 2004, Messier-Dowty officially opened its new Chinese production facility in the city of Suzhou; it was the first Chinese operation to be wholly owned by a SNECMA company. Around this period, the company won several key bids; in February, it secured a deal to provide the main landing gear for the Airbus A400M; in March, it was appointed to supply both the main and nose gear of the Boeing 787, as well as the integrated landing gear of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 in October 2003. In 2010, Messier-Dowty became the first company in the world to incorporate composite braces onto the main landing gear of a commercial aircraft, this being the Boeing 787.
The 2005 merger of SAGEM and SNECMA made Messier-Dowty part of the new Safran company. During December 2007, Airbus announced that Messier-Dowty had been confirmed as the supplier for the main landing gear of the upcoming Airbus A350 XWB; under this arrangement, it was responsible for the design, development, qualification testing, manufacturing and in-service support of the main gear. In the following year, the firm invested around C$2 million in the introduction of robotic surface finishing of its landing gear outer fittings at its plant in Mirabel, Quebec, Canada.
In March 2010, Messier-Dowty opened a new undercarriage components factory in Querétaro, Mexico. The facility was part of a larger deal between Safran and the local Mexican government; expansion into the production of increasingly advanced components was seen at the time as being highly likely.
In May 2011, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty was formed through the merger of three Safran subsidiaries: Messier-Dowty, Messier-Bugatti and Messier Services. During 2014, the firm became the sole owner of French joint-venture maintenance company Hydrep after acquiring the other 50% share formerly held by Sabena Technics. In May 2016, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty became SAFRAN Landing Systems.
Operations
Safran Landing Systems has operational sites across the globe. The sites are located in Asia (Singapore, Seremban, Suzhou), Europe (Vélizy, Molsheim, Bidos, Villeurbanne, Gloucester, Feyzin), Canada (Ajax, Montreal), Mexico (Querétaro) and United States (Walton, Seattle). The main headquarters is located in Vélizy, outside Paris. Each site is responsible for certain aspects of landing gear design, manufacture and support.
Bidos: responsible for the production of large components (bogies, main fittings, integral axles) for large commercial, business, commuter aircraft and helicopter gears.
Gloucester: Design, research and systems integration together with manufacturing capability. This site is focused on the manufacture of complex major structural components such as main fittings and bogies for large commercial aircraft together with main fittings and large components for military and commuter aircraft platforms. The Gloucester site is also home to one of the largest landing gear test facilities in the western world, capable of the structural and systems testing of large commercial landing gears.
Molsheim: wheels manufacturing, special processing, assembly equipment and MRO
Montreal: manufacturing, heat treatment, special processing and assembly equipment
Querétaro: manufacturing of major landing gear components for: A320 main landing gear fitting, A330 main landing gear bogie beam and B787 nose landing gear inner cylinder.
Ajax, Ontario: design and development of fully integrated landing gear systems. It also focuses on ancillary systems such as steering control, landing gear control and indication, emergency control, brake control, wheels, brakes, tires, door mechanisms and electrical harnesses. This site is the final assembly area where landing gear systems for many aircraft are fully assembled and tested before shipping to the customer. It has test facilities for development and certification.
Seattle: engineering and manufacturing site, focusing on the Boeing 787. The office provides Engineering and Program support to the 787 program, while the manufacturing facility final-assembles the 787 Main Landing Gears.
Seremban: Carbon brake manufacturing
Suzhou: manufacturing landing gear components of medium size for business and regional jet programs
Singapore: procurement and customer support base and MRO for the Asia Pacific region
Villeurbanne: Carbon brake manufacturing
Walton: Carbon brake and wheel manufacturing
Feyzin : Carbon brake manufacturing
See also
George Dowty
Dowty Group
References
External links
"British Messier" a 1954 Flight advertisement illustrating the undercarriage supplied for the Bristol Britannia
Companies based in Paris-Saclay
Aircraft undercarriage manufacturers
Automotive motorsports and performance companies
Companies based in Gloucestershire
Companies established in 2011
2011 establishments in England
Borough of Tewkesbury |
Harmadih (also spelled Harmadi) is a village in the Neturia CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Harmadih is located at .
Area overview
Purulia district forms the lowest step of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills. Raghunathpur subdivision occupies the northern part of the district. 83.80% of the population of the subdivision lives in rural areas. However, there are pockets of urbanization and 16.20% of the population lives in urban areas. There are 14 census towns in the subdivision. It is presented in the map given alongside. There is a coal mining area around Parbelia and two thermal power plants are there – the 500 MW Santaldih Thermal Power Station and the 1200 MW Raghunathpur Thermal Power Station. The subdivision has a rich heritage of old temples, some of them belonging to the 11th century or earlier. The Banda Deul is a monument of national importance. The comparatively more recent in historical terms, Panchkot Raj has interesting and intriguing remains in the area.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Harmadi had a total population of 205, of which 102 (50%) were males and 103 (50%) were females. There were 30 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Harmadi was 93 (53.14% of the population over 6 years).
Education
Panchakot Mahavidyalaya was established in 2001 at Sarbari.
Culture
Garh Panchkot is a ruined 16th century fort/ palace of the Panchkot Raj at the foot of the Panchet Hill.
Achkoda, located in this block, showcases aatchala-style temples with terracotta work on the walls. It "seems to be at least five centuries old. Its panels are smaller in size and some of them depict tribal life."
Healthcare
Harmadih Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Harmadih, is the major government medical facility in the Neturia CD block.
References
Villages in Purulia district |
```swift
import Foundation
import ReactiveSwift
extension DeletePaymentMethodEnvelope {
static func from(_ data: GraphAPI.DeletePaymentSourceMutation.Data) -> DeletePaymentMethodEnvelope? {
guard let storedCards = data.paymentSourceDelete?.user?.storedCards?.fragments.userStoredCardsFragment
.nodes else {
return nil
}
let allCards = storedCards.compactMap { card -> UserCreditCards.CreditCard? in
guard let node = card else { return nil }
return UserCreditCards.CreditCard(
expirationDate: node.expirationDate,
id: node.id,
lastFour: node.lastFour,
type: CreditCardType(rawValue: node.type.rawValue)
)
}
return DeletePaymentMethodEnvelope(storedCards: allCards)
}
static func producer(
from data: GraphAPI.DeletePaymentSourceMutation
.Data
) -> SignalProducer<DeletePaymentMethodEnvelope, ErrorEnvelope> {
guard let envelope = DeletePaymentMethodEnvelope.from(data) else {
return SignalProducer(error: ErrorEnvelope.couldNotParseJSON)
}
return SignalProducer(value: envelope)
}
}
``` |
The Malling School is a mixed high school located in East Malling in the English county of Kent.
History
It opened as Clare Secondary School in 1957, designed by Read & McDermott.
Present day
It is a foundation school administered by Kent County Council, who coordinate admissions to the school.
The Malling School offers GCSEs, BTECs as programmes of study for pupils at Key Stage 4, while students in the sixth form have the option to study International Baccalaureate programmes of study and further BTECs.
It was inspected by Ofsted in March 2023 and found to 'good' with three out of five aspects rated 'outstanding'.
Description
The school is smaller than the average-sized secondary school, with a small sixth form with more boys than girls. It is a non-selective school in an area with selective schools, so the students enter the school with lower previous achievement than average. Most are White British with a below-average proportion of students are from minority ethnic groups. The proportion of students who receive support through the pupil premium is higher than average, and about a quarter of Year 7 students receive catch-up funding for students who failed to attain the nationally expected level in English or mathematics at the end of Key Stage 2. The school has a specially resourced unit, the Tydeman Centre, for 90 students who have statements of special educational needs for speech, language and communication needs.
References
External links
The Malling School official website With link to Transition Video.
Secondary schools in Kent
Tonbridge and Malling
Foundation schools in Kent |
The Amstrad PPC512 and Amstrad PPC640 were the first portable IBM PC compatible computers made by Amstrad. Released in 1987, they were a development of the desktop PC-1512 and PC-1640 models.
As portable computers, they contained all the elements necessary to perform computing on the move. They had a keyboard and a monochrome LCD display built in and also had space for disposable batteries to power the PC where a suitable alternative power source (i.e. mains or 12 volt vehicle power) was not available. The PCs came with either one or two double density double side floppy disc drives and the PPC640 model also featured a modem.
Both models were supplied with PPC Organiser software and the PPC640 was additionally supplied with the Mirror II communications software.
Hardware
The two computers had very similar specifications. The PPC512 had an NEC V30 processor running at 8 MHz, 512 KiB of memory, a full-size 102-key keyboard with a numeric keypad, a built-in liquid crystal display (not backlit) that could emulate the CGA or MDA and either one or two 720k 3.5" floppy drives (the model was either the PPC512S or PPC512D depending on the number of drives it had).
The PPC640 was otherwise identical except that it had 640 KiB of memory, a built-in 2400 baud modem (unusually fast for its day), and its case was a darker shade of grey. Both versions of the machine had an empty socket on the main circuit board so that an Intel 8087 coprocessor could be installed to permit hardware processing of floating point arithmetic.
The PPC included standard connectors for RS-232, Centronics and CGA/MDA video, allowing existing peripherals to be used. All the signals used by the 8-bit ISA bus were also available through a pair of expansion connectors. There was available an external card cage for expansion cards.
Four possible power sources could be used:
Ten C-size alkaline batteries. (10 x 1.5v = 15 volts, but the load was such the voltage dropped to nearer 12 volts in use)
Mains adaptor
Car cigarette lighter
An Amstrad PC-MD, PC-CD or PC-ECD Monitor (These monitors all contained a power supply)
The physical layout of the components was unlike most laptop designs: instead of the lid containing the screen, it contained the keyboard. The hinges were therefore at the front of the main unit, rather than the back. The LCD was hinged separately and folded down into a recess on the top of the system unit. The one or two floppy drives were located on the right-hand side. When closed, the size of the PPC was 45 cm wide × 10 cm high × 23 cm deep.
A bank of six DIP switches was used to select whether the video hardware emulated CGA or MDA, and whether to use an internal or external monitor.
No official hard drive option or docking station was manufactured, but both were sold by third-party manufacturers.
Software
MS-DOS 3.3 was supplied with all PPCs, along with PPC Organiser - a memory-resident suite of utilities including a card file, diary, calculator and telephone dialler. In addition, the PPC640 was supplied with Mirror II, a communications package for use with the built-in modem.
The MS-DOS boot disk also included a utility which could be used to switch between the internal display and an external monitor without rebooting.
Amstrad PC20 / Sinclair PC200
In late 1988 Amstrad created a desktop computer based on the PPC design, intended for the home market. This machine was available in two versions, Sinclair PC200 and Amstrad PC20. The PC200 had a black case and 'Sinclair' branding, while the PC20 was white and branded 'Amstrad'.
References
External links
Amstrad PPC Technical Manual
"The PPC: A carry out for the future?" Amstrad Professional Computing, March 1988.
www.retro-zone.org Amstrad PPC (archived)
MCbx Old Computer Collection - Amstrad PPC512
Sinclair PC200 Service Manual
IBM PC compatibles
Amstrad |
Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 – 1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first woman of Indian origin to fly to space. She first flew on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm operator.
Chawla's second flight was on STS-107, the final flight of Columbia, in 2003. She was one of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft disintegrated during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere on 1 February 2003. Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, and several streets, universities, and institutions have been named in her honor.
Early life and education
Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 in Karnal, Haryana.She born in a very conservative society but she broke several tradition to become the first Indian born women astronaut. She completed her schooling from Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Karnal. Growing up, Chawla went to local flying clubs and watched planes with her father. After earning a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, Chawla moved to the United States in 1982 and obtained a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1984. She went on to earn a second Master's in 1986 and a PhD in aerospace engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado Boulder.
Career
In 1988, Chawla joined the NASA Ames Research Center, where she did computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research on vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts. Much of Chawla's research is included in technical journals and conference papers. In 1993, she joined Overset Methods, Inc. as vice president and Research Scientist specializing in simulation of moving multiple body problems. Chawla held a Certified Flight Instructor rating for airplanes, gliders and Commercial Pilot licenses for single and multi-engine airplanes, seaplanes and gliders. After becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen in April 1991, she applied for the NASA Astronaut Corps. Chawla joined the corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1997.
First space mission
Chawla's first space mission began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. Chawla was the first Indian woman to go in space. She spoke the following words while traveling in the weightlessness of space: "You are just your intelligence." Chawla had traveled 10.67 million km, as many as 252 times around the Earth. On her first mission, Chawla traveled 10.4/6.5 million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space. During STS-87, she was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite which malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Takao Doi to capture the satellite. A five-month NASA investigation exonerated Chawla by identifying errors in software interfaces and the defined procedures of the flight crew and ground control. After the completion of STS-87 post-flight activities, Chawla was assigned to technical positions in the astronaut office to work on the space station.
Second space mission and death
In 2000, Chawla was selected for her second flight as part of the crew of STS-107. This mission was repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and technical problems such as the July 2002 discovery of cracks in the shuttle engine flow liners. On 16 January 2003, Chawla finally returned to space aboard Space Shuttle Columbia on the ill-fated STS-107 mission. The crew performed nearly 80 experiments studying Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety.
During the launch of STS-107, Columbias 28th mission, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the port wing of the orbiter. Previous shuttle launches had seen minor damage from foam shedding, but some engineers suspected that the damage to Columbia was more serious. NASA managers limited the investigation, reasoning that the crew could not have fixed the problem if it had been confirmed.
When Columbia re-entered the atmosphere of Earth, the damage allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate and destroy the internal wing structure, which caused the spacecraft to become unstable and break apart. After the disaster, Space Shuttle flight operations were suspended for more than two years, similar to the aftermath of the Challenger disaster. Construction of the International Space Station (ISS) was put on hold; the station relied entirely on the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation for resupply for 29 months until Shuttle flights resumed with STS-114 and 45 months for crew rotation.
Chawla died on 1 February 2003, in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, along with the other six crew members, when Columbia disintegrated over Texas during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, shortly before it was scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107. Her remains were identified along with those of the rest of the crew members and were cremated and scattered at Zion National Park in Utah in accordance with her wishes.
Honours and recognition
The fourteenth contracted Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft mission delivering supplies to the ISS was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla after her.
Asteroid 51826 Kalpana Chawla, one of seven named after the Columbias crew
The lunar crater Chawla is named after Kalpana Chawla.
On 5 February 2003, the Prime Minister of India at the time, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, announced that a meteorological series of satellites, MetSat, was to be renamed "Kalpana 1". The first satellite of the series, "MetSat-1", launched by India on 12 September 2002, was renamed "Kalpana-1".
74th Street in the "Little India" of Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City, New York, United States, has been renamed "Kalpana Chawla Way" in her honor.
In honor of her, a street was named Kalpana Chawla Street in Rayon Nagar in Sirumugai, a village in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
The Kalpana Chawla Award was instituted by the Government of Karnataka in 2004 to recognize young women scientists.
NASA has dedicated a supercomputer to Chawla.
One of Florida Institute of Technology's student apartment complexes, Columbia Village Suites, has halls named after each of the astronauts, including Chawla.
The NASA Mars Exploration Rover mission has named seven peaks in a chain of hills, named the Columbia Hills, after each of the seven astronauts lost in the Columbia shuttle disaster. One of them is Chawla Hill, named after Chawla.
Steve Morse from the band Deep Purple created the song "Contact Lost" in memory of the Columbia tragedy. Chawla knew Morse and took the band's Machine Head, featuring the song "Space Truckin'" with her on the mission. Morse's tribute song can be found on the album Bananas.
Novelist Peter David named a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, after the astronaut in his 2007 Star Trek novel, Star Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor.
The Kalpana Chawla ISU Scholarship fund was founded by alumni of the International Space University (ISU) in 2010 to support Indian women's participation in international space education programs.
The Kalpana Chawla Memorial Scholarship program was instituted by the Indian Students Association (ISA) at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) in 2005 for meritorious graduate students.
The Kalpana Chawla Outstanding Recent Alumni Award at the University of Colorado, given since 1983, was renamed after Chawla.
The University of Texas at Arlington, where Chawla obtained a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering in 1984, opened a dormitory named Kalpana Chawla Hall in 2004. In addition, the university dedicated the Kalpana Chawla Memorial on 3 May 2010, in Nedderman Hall, one of the primary buildings in the College of Engineering.
The girls' hostel (what a university dormitory is called in India) at Punjab Engineering College is named after Chawla. In addition, an award of INR twenty-five thousand, a medal, and a certificate is instituted for the best student in the Aeronautical Engineering department.
The Government of Haryana established the Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Jyotisar, Kurukshetra.
The Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, named the Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell in her honor.
Delhi Technological University named a girls' hostel block after Chawla.
A military housing development at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, has been named Columbia Colony and includes a street named Chawla Way.
A hostel block in Pondicherry University has been named after Chawla.
Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College (KCGMC) is a Medical college located in Karnal, Haryana, India named after Chawla. Kalpana was born in Karnal.
The National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra named a girls' hostel after Chawla.
The Orissa University of Technology & Research (OUTR), Bhubaneswar named a girls' hostel after Chawla.
The National Institute of Technology, Bhopal named a girls' hostel Kalpana Chawla Bhawan.
On 1 April 2022, a satellite named after Chawla (ÑuSat 24 or "Kalpana", COSPAR 2022-033X) was launched into space as part of the Satellogic Aleph-1 constellation.
Private life
On 2 December 1983, Kalpana Chawla was married to Jean-Pierre Harrison at the age of 21. After the Columbia disaster, Harrison was approached by filmmakers to make a movie on Chawla's life, but he refused because he prefers to keep their life private.
In popular culture
Mega Icons (2018–2020), an Indian documentary television series on National Geographic about prominent Indian personalities, dedicated an episode to Chawla's achievements.
In the 2023 movie "A Million Miles Away" about Mexican farmworker turned astronaut Jose Hernandez, Kalpana Chawla is played by actress Sarayu Blue.
See also
List of female spacefarers
References
Further reading
Among the Stars!: Life and Dreams of Kalpana Chawla by Gurdeep Pandher
India's 50 Most Illustrious Women () by Indra Gupta
Kalpana Chawla: A Life () by Anil Padmanabhan
The Edge of Time: The Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla () by Jean-Pierre Harrison
External links
Aerospace Engineering
NASA biography
1962 births
2003 deaths
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
Accidental deaths in Texas
American aerospace engineers
American people of Punjabi descent
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Women astronauts
Indian emigrants to the United States
People from Karnal
University of Colorado alumni
University of Texas at Arlington alumni
Punjab Engineering College alumni
Panjab University alumni
Amateur radio women
Amateur radio people
NASA civilian astronauts
Recipients of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor
20th-century American women
Age controversies
20th-century American scientists
Scientists from Haryana
21st-century American women
Women scientists from Punjab, India
Engineers from Punjab, India
Commercial aviators
American women aviators
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American aviators of Asian descent
American glider pilots
Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman |
```shell
#!/bin/bash
#test:disabled
set -euo pipefail
source $(dirname $0)/../../utils.sh
TEST_ID=$(generate_test_id)
echo "TEST_ID = $TEST_ID"
ROOT=$(dirname $0)/../../..
env=jvm-$TEST_ID
fn_n=jvm-hello-n-$TEST_ID
fn_p=jvm-hello-p-$TEST_ID
cleanup() {
echo "previous response" $?
log "Cleaning up..."
clean_resource_by_id $TEST_ID
}
if [ -z "${TEST_NOCLEANUP:-}" ]; then
trap cleanup EXIT
else
log "TEST_NOCLEANUP is set; not cleaning up test artifacts afterwards."
fi
cd $ROOT/examples/jvm/java
log "Creating the jar from application"
#Using Docker to build Jar so that maven & other Java dependencies are not needed on CI server
docker run -it --rm -v "$(pwd)":/usr/src/mymaven -w /usr/src/mymaven maven:3.5-jdk-8 mvn clean package -q
log "Creating environment for Java"
fission env create --name $env --image $JVM_RUNTIME_IMAGE --version 2 --keeparchive=true
log "Creating pool manager & new deployment function for Java"
fission fn create --name $fn_p --deploy target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar --env $env --entrypoint io.fission.HelloWorld
fission fn create --name $fn_n --deploy target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar --env $env --executortype newdeploy --entrypoint io.fission.HelloWorld
log "Creating route for pool manager function"
fission route create --name $fn_p --function $fn_p --url /$fn_p --method GET
log "Creating route for new deployment function"
fission route create --name $fn_n --function $fn_n --url /$fn_n --method GET
log "Waiting for router & pools to catch up"
sleep 5
log "Testing pool manager function"
timeout 60 bash -c "test_fn $fn_p 'Hello'"
log "Testing new deployment function"
timeout 60 bash -c "test_fn $fn_n 'Hello'"
log "Test PASSED"
``` |
is a railway station on Kintetsu Railway's Kyoto Line located in Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The station provides access to Tō-ji, a nearby Buddhist temple famous for its large pagoda.
Layout
The station has two side platforms serving a track each.
Around the station
Tōji Temple
Kyoto Computer Gakuin
History
1928 - The station opens as a station of Nara Electric Railroad
1938 - The station is moved 100m towards , and becomes elevated.
1963 - NER merges and the station becomes part of Kintetsu
2007 - Starts using PiTaPa
Adjacent stations
References
External links
Station Facilities and Service
Station Map
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1928
Railway stations in Kyoto |
Kanyaadaanam is a 1976 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Hariharan and produced by C. C. Baby. The film stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, Sharada and Kaviyoor Ponnamma in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan. The film was a remake of Tamil film Padithaal Mattum Podhuma.
Cast
Prem Nazir
Madhu
Sharada
Kaviyoor Ponnamma
Adoor Bhasi
Sankaradi
Sreelatha Namboothiri
Bahadoor
Meena
Nellikode Bhaskaran
Tom John
Vidhubala
Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi.
References
External links
1976 films
1970s Malayalam-language films
Malayalam remakes of Tamil films
Films directed by Hariharan |
La Ferté-sur-Chiers (, literally La Ferté on Chiers) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Ardennes department
References
Communes of Ardennes (department)
Ardennes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
Aurelius Arkenau, OP (January 7, 1900 – October 19, 1991) was a German priest who helped Jewish and Christian people escape the Nazi regime. He provided food and other goods, forged identification, and shelter. He operated with other rescuers in Leipzig, all of whom survived the Holocaust. In Leipzig, he had a place named after him. On October 27, 1998, he received the title Righteous Among the Nations posthumously.
Early life
Joseph Arkenau was born in Essen (Oldenburg) on January 7, 1900, the son of Christian Gerhard Arkenau (1861–1933) and Maria Arkenau (1865–1941). Arkenau, the third of six children, spent his early childhood on a farm in Essen. He was baptized at St. Bartholomäus in Essen. His mother was married previously and she inherited her husband's store after his death. The Arkenau family ran the store until they moved to Brokstreek, a small village south of Essen, around the time Arkenau began attending school. He had his first communion in 1912.
He attended the Gymnasium in Meppen beginning in 1912. He completed the 10th grade of school but stopped attending school with the breakout of World War I. His brothers Gerhard and Rudolf were drafted into the army and Arkenau worked the farm.
After passing a matriculation examination, he entered the Order of Preachers as novice Aurelius in Düsseldorf. He studied theology and philosophy from 1922 to 1929, during that time he was ordained in 1928, becoming Father Aurelius Arkenau.
Pre-war career
Arkenau was a priest in Berlin beginning in 1934. He went to the Wahren area of Leipzig in 1940, where he worked until February 1946. During that time, he helped 100 Jews and Christians hide and then escape during World War II. He was the pastor and became the Superior of the St. Albert Convent in Leipzig After the war, he was transferred to West Germany.
World War II
When Arkenau went to Berlin in April 1934, he began to see first-hand the persecution that Jewish people were subjected to under the Nazi regime. One day he drove through the city of Magdeburg and saw Jews being processed to be sent to concentration camps in the East. He was motivated to help Jews after seeing the way that large groups were herded onto trains and how they had been persecuted and tortured. His concerns were primarily that of a Humanist, concerned about people not being treated humanely and stripped of their rights.
Working out of the monastery in Leipzig-Wahren, he helped people escape the Nazi-occupied country. He hid more than 100 people in the monastery, concealing them and providing them with false identification documents, while he sought places for them to stay. About a couple of dozen times, he was interrogated and beaten by the Gestapo. Dozens of people worked with Arkenau, including Dr. Karl Gelbke, Hildegard Kühnel, a nurse, and Erich Zeigner, who was a social democrat. Of many backgrounds and ideologies, they helped save Jews and Christians as well as soldiers who had deserted the military.
Arkenau helped a Jewish mother Käthe Leibel (who assumed the Sackarndt surname) and her son Joachim-Richard survive the Holocaust. Learning that Käthe and her son were ordered to go to a collection point, Arkenau found a place where she could safely stay with Christian families and provided ration cards and money for their survival. When they needed to move to another, safer area, he provided false identification and a place to stay in Halle. They survived through the end of the war. At Käthe's request, Richard was baptized. He helped Professor and Martin Thiele, a communist, survive the war.
Arkenau found homes for infants whose mothers had been put to death at the women's prison in Meusdorf. Arkenau, a chaplain at the prison, found families who were against fascism. He also helped working priests, and three or more daughters of captured French spies.
Arkenau, along with other clergymen, helped Jewish people and anti-fascists at their peril. The Nazis had developed campaigns to stifle religious groups and would follow, persecute, and imprison clergy in prisons or concentration camps. While some of the rescuers were interrogated and beaten, none of the Leipzig rescuers were arrested and they survived the war.
After the war
Ardnt co-founded the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). In 1947, he was Superior in Vechta. He was then a missionary and chaplain in Cologne. He was elected prior in 1962 and lived in Düsseldorf. He led retreats. He lived in a Dominican nursing home in Kirchherten in his later years.
Aurelius Arkenau died in the Kirchherten area of Bedburg on October 19, 1991, and he was buried in the southern cemetery in Düsseldorf. In 1998, a square in the Wahren district of Leipzig was named Pater-Aurelius-Platz after the priest. On October 27, 1998, he received the title Righteous Among the Nations and his name was placed on Yad Vashem's wall of honor in Jerusalem. During a ceremony on August 5, 1999, at Yad Vashem, Avi Primor, the Ambassador of the State of Israel, presented the medal and certificate to the prior of the monastery.
Notes
References
Bibliography
1900 births
1981 deaths
People from Essen
People from Leipzig
German priests
German Dominicans
German Righteous Among the Nations
German people who rescued Jews during the Holocaust
German resistance to Nazism |
Dan Stone is a historian. As professor of Modern History at Royal Holloway, University of London, and director of its Holocaust Research Institute, Stone specializes in 20th-century European history, genocide, and fascism. He is the author or editor of several works on Holocaust historiography, including Histories of the Holocaust (2010) and an edited collection, The Historiography of the Holocaust (2004).
Selected works
(2001), ed. Theoretical Interpretations of the Holocaust. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi BV.
(2002). Breeding Superman: Nietzsche, Race and Eugenics in Edwardian and Interwar Britain. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
(2003). Responses to Nazism in Britain, 1933–1939: Before War and Holocaust. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
(2003). Constructing the Holocaust: A Study in Historiography. London and Portland: Vallentine Mitchell.
(2004), ed. The Historiography of the Holocaust. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
(2006). History, Memory and Mass Atrocity: Essays on the Holocaust and Genocide. London and Portland: Vallentine Mitchell.
(2008), ed. The Historiography of Genocide. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
(2010). Histories of the Holocaust. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
(2013). The Holocaust, Fascism and Memory: Essays in the History of Ideas. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
(2014). Goodbye to All That? The Story of Europe since 1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
(2015). The Liberation of the Camps: The End of the Holocaust and its Aftermath. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
(2017). Concentration Camps: A Short History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
(2023). The Holocaust: An Unfinished History. London: Pelican Books.
References
External links
"Dan Stone, Royal Holloway, University of London.
1971 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century British historians
Historians of the Holocaust
Historiographers |
Mawj Aldarraji (Arabic: موج الدراجي, born June 6, 1993) is an Iraqi mountaineer and an architect. She is widely regarded as the first female mountaineer from Iraq. Currently working through the seven summits challenge, she appears frequently in Arab media as a discussant of female empowerment and women's rights.
Early life and education
Aldarraji was born in Baghdad and lived there until she was ten years old. In 2003, she and her family moved to the United Arab Emirates, especially out of fear of the rise in kidnappings in Baghdad following the U.S. invasion. She still resides in the UAE today, though she has also spent time in Toronto, Canada.
Aldarraji recounts a childhood filled with severe medical issues: life-threatening illnesses of the immune, respiratory, and cardiac systems. She credits her parents for bestowing upon her both a feeling of self-confidence and a clear understanding of gender equality. She furthermore cites her maternal aunt, Dalal Saleem, who is the first female pilot in Iraq, as a source of inspiration, particularly during her early life. Aldarraji's father is a professional scientist and her mother is a specialist in English and French Literature.
She earned a bachelor's degree in Architecture in 2013 from the Royal Institute of British Architects; currently she is doing her master's degree in Architecture in Canada.
Mountaineering
Aldarraji arrived at climbing as a hobby "by coincidence," following an initial experience alongside friends in Malaysia. In public interviews, she states that her desire to overcome her fears—she says she has a phobia of heights—was the primary motivation to take up more advanced mountain climbing. Though her family originally expressed fear and hesitations over this activity, they came to support her in her quest.
Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia was her first major summit. Thereafter she climbed Annapurna Poon Hill in Nepal, Mount Bromo in Indonesia, Mount Elbrus in Russia, Jebel Jais and other mountains in the Emirates, and she has reached base camp of Everest, the latter being her highest elevation yet (5,500 m.). She states that her intention is to complete the world seven summits. At the completion of each climb, Aldarraji takes a photo while raising the Iraqi flag. Despite having a full-time architecture job, she trains for 2–3 hours daily after work.
She hopes to be the first ever Iraqi national to summit Everest. Aldarraji states that she hopes her story inspires other young Iraqis, especially women, to consider mountain climbing. She also hopes to use the publicity of her summit attempts to raise resources and awareness for humanitarian efforts in Iraq.
Additional hobbies of hers include boxing, swimming, scuba diving, running, Spartan racing, and visual arts (drawing and photography).
Media representation and women's rights
Aldarraji has served as an ambassador for an Iraqi Women's Rights organization since 2018. In 2019, she appeared on the show Jaafar Talk in her capacity as a women's rights activist to debate the topic of polygyny in Islam. That summer she also featured as a speaker at TedXBaghdad, held on July 20 at AlRasheed Hotel.
In April 2020 she was featured as a part of the Iraqiyat campaign (#عراقيات), highlighting the achievements of young Iraqi women, as part of the national governmental initiative "For a New Iraq."
Throughout interviews, she stresses her commitment to "breaking down barriers that come between me and my success and advancement, as well as breaking the stereotype placed on women in our society, namely that women are unable to confront physical challenges."
See also
An English-language interview with Mawj Aldarraji on Babylon FM (May 2019, 24 minutes)
Seven Summits
Zeina Nassar
Amna Al Haddad
Halah Alhamrani
References
Iraqi female climbers
Iraqi women's rights activists
Iraqi women activists
Iraqi women architects
Iraqi diaspora
Iraqi mountain climbers |
"I.M" is a song by Israeli singer Michael Ben David. The song represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 after winning The X Factor Israel, Israel's national final. A revamped version of the song was released on 14 March 2022.
Background
"I.M" is inspired by Ben David's childhood and carries a message of having inner strength with the empowering lyrics in the song. As a child Ben David suffered bullying for singing in a high-pitched voice and had a tumultuous relationship with his mother for being gay. His stepfather told him not to tease, not to speak loudly and not to sing as according to his stepfather "that's how girls behave". Eventually Ben David gave his mother an ultimatum, saying that he would not come to any family gatherings if his partner could not come. He began to accept himself afterwards for who he was and forgave those who had bullied him, saying that "Suddenly, I have no revenge. I'm sure those who threw me in the trash do not remember me either. Revenge is not the story. I went through a crazy way, I went through a process with myself.
Eurovision Song Contest
The X Factor Israel
The Israeli entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 was selected through the fourth season of the reality singing competition The X Factor Israel. The shows were hosted by and featured a judging panel composed of Margalit Tzan'ani and Miri Mesika (Groups and Over 25's), Aviv Geffen (Girls), Eurovision Song Contest 2018 winner Netta Barzilai (Boys) and Ran Danker (Teens). The competition took place over three months which commenced on 30 October 2021 and concluded on 5 February 2022.
Following the audition phase of the competition 33 contestants advanced after receiving a "yes" from at least four of the five judges. During the Judge Houses and Chairs phase each member of the judging panel selected from each of their categories four out of eight/nine contestants that advanced from the audition phase. The sixteen remaining contestants then competed during the live shows which took place over six weeks and resulted in the selection of four finalists following the fifth week. The four finalists were: Eli Huli, Inbal Bibi, Michael Ben David and Sapir Saban.
The final took place on 5 February 2022. The winner was selected in two rounds. In the duel round the four finalists were divided into two duels and each performed a cover song. Two entries progressed forward to the final round while the two others faced each other off in another duel which picked the third participant of the final round. In the final round the three finalists that advanced from the duel round presented their candidate Eurovision entries chosen through the song selection round. The winner was selected by a combination of the votes from a public vote (50%) and two jury groups consisting of The X Factor Israel 2022 judges (25%) and the professional committee (25%).
"I.M" moved on directly to the final, scoring 65 points in second. In the final the song won the contest in a close battle against Eli Huli's "Blinded Dreamers", finishing just one point above it with 214 points.
Eurovision Song Contest 2022
According to Eurovision rules all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 25 January 2022 an allocation draw was held which placed each country in one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Israel was placed in the second semi-final, held on 12 May 2022, and performed in the first half of the show. Israel performed 2nd in the running order, during the results Israel was not announced as qualifying for the final. When the full semi-final results were released it showed Israel finished 13th with 61 points with 27 points from the televote and 34 points from the professional juries.
Charts
References
2022 songs
2022 singles
Eurovision songs of 2022
Eurovision songs of Israel |
Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple may refer to:
Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Mandalay)
Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Yangon)
Kyauktawgyi Pagoda, located in Amarapura, Mandalay. |
Half Pants Full Pants is a Hindi comedy-drama show that made its debut on Amazon Prime on December 16, 2022. The show is based on Anand Suspi's memoir with the same title, and it was adapted and created by Mani Prasad. Suspi, Prasad, and Gaurav Mishra collaborated on the writing, while V. K. Prakash directed it. The show is produced by OML Studios and features National Award winner Sonali Kulkarni, Ashish Vidyarthi, Kartik Vijan, and Ashwanth Ashokkumar in the lead roles.
Overview
Half Pants Full Pants is a series that originated from Anand Suspi's autobiographical novel of the same name. The adaptation was done by Mani Prasad, with Suspi, Prasad, and Gaurav Mishra contributing to the writing. VK Prakash directed the series. The story is set in Rajiv Gandhi's India, a time before the introduction of changes to the national economic policy. It was a time when a 50-paisa coin was worth more than Bitcoin, and the price of a cassette could cause Anand to worry. The series plays out in Tweeland, also known as Malgudi, a small town in South India before the age of the internet and mobile phones. The story revolves around the ambitious seven-year-old boy, Anand, also known as Dabba, who lives in this town. Along with his friend, Giddi, they embark on adventures that make audiences nostalgic for the good old days of mischief and innocence.
Production
Casting
The movie stars some actors including Ashish Vidyarthi who portrays the role of Dabba's father and Sonali Kulkarni as her mother. The character of Dabba is played by Ashwanth Ashokkumar.
Writer
Anand Suspi is a seasoned advertising professional with 25+ years of experience. He started his client-servicing career at Mudra Mumbai in 1995 and has worked at agencies like Rediffusion DY&R and Grey Worldwide. Since 2002, he has been associated with Lowe Mumbai and manages his own agency, Andand Brand Partners Pvt Ltd, in Gurugram. Anand is highly regarded for his creativity, strategic thinking, and successful campaign execution. His contributions have earned him industry recognition and a strong reputation in the field.
Release
Amazon's Prime Video announced the premiere of Half Pants Full Pants on December 16, 2022. The series trailer features a little boy named Anand, aka Dabba, who is different from other kids in his town and has many dreams and interests. Despite facing challenges, he sets out to achieve his dreams. Anand is fascinated by trains and journeys, and his father being a rail driver, gets to enjoy it to the fullest.
Reception
Archika Khurana in her review for The Times of India, describes "Given the abundance of fast-paced content offered by various OTT platforms, ‘Half Pants Full Pants’ emerges as a calming and blissful trip down memory lane to your bachpan that is unquestionably worthwhile."
The series was given a rating of 2.5 stars out of 5 by Subham Kulkarni from Koimoi. In his review, he mentioned that "It sets out to be a heart-warming watch but losses its way in the middle. Could have been a show we rejoiced about, but ended up being a surface-level adaptation."
In her article for Scroll.in, Nandini Ramnath described the charming demeanor of Ashwanth Kumar, the group of kind-hearted children, and the heartfelt portrayals of the adult characters played by Ashish Vidyarthi and Sonali Kulkarni, who portrayed Anand's parents. These factors helped to maintain the fabricated paradise depicted in the film.
Episodes
Season 1
References
External links
Half Pants Full Pants on Amazon Prime
2022 web series debuts
2022 web series endings
Indian web series |
The Best of Great White: 1986–1992 is a compilation album released by the American hard rock band Great White in 1993.
Track listing
Certifications
References
1993 greatest hits albums
Great White compilation albums
Capitol Records compilation albums |
Amfetaminil (also known as amphetaminil, N-cyanobenzylamphetamine, and AN-1; brand name Aponeuron) is a stimulant drug derived from amphetamine, which was developed in the 1970s and used for the treatment of obesity, ADHD, and narcolepsy. It has largely been withdrawn from clinical use following problems with abuse. The drug is a prodrug to amphetamine.
Stereochemistry
Amfetaminil is a molecule with two stereogenic centers. Thus, four different stereoisomers exist:
(R)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-08-4)
(S)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-12-0)
(R)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-10-8)
(S)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-14-2)
Synthesis
Schiff base formation between amphetamine (1) and benzaldehyde (2) gives benzalamphetamine [2980-02-1] (3). Nucleophilic attack of cyanide anion on the imine (c.f. Strecker reaction) gives amfetaminil (3). Finally, reaction with nitrous acid gives (5). The rearrangement to a Sydnone then occurs to give CID:88166659 (6). Feprosidnine is sans the phenyl group.
References
Substituted amphetamines
Nitriles
Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents
Prodrugs
World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances |
```hack
/*
*/
/*
* This file is part of Scylla.
*
* Scylla is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* Scylla is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with Scylla. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
#pragma once
#include <seastar/core/sstring.hh>
#include <seastar/core/future.hh>
#include <seastar/core/distributed.hh>
#include "auth/service.hh"
#include "db/config.hh"
#include "db/system_distributed_keyspace.hh"
#include "database.hh"
#include "log.hh"
namespace db {
class extensions;
}
extern logging::logger startlog;
class bad_configuration_error : public std::exception {};
void init_storage_service(distributed<database>& db, sharded<auth::service>&, sharded<db::system_distributed_keyspace>&);
struct init_scheduling_config {
scheduling_group streaming;
scheduling_group statement;
scheduling_group gossip;
};
void init_ms_fd_gossiper(sstring listen_address
, uint16_t storage_port
, uint16_t ssl_storage_port
, bool tcp_nodelay_inter_dc
, sstring ms_encrypt_what
, sstring ms_trust_store
, sstring ms_cert
, sstring ms_key
, sstring ms_tls_prio
, bool ms_client_auth
, sstring ms_compress
, db::seed_provider_type seed_provider
, size_t available_memory
, init_scheduling_config scheduling_config
, sstring cluster_name = "Test Cluster"
, double phi = 8
, bool sltba = false);
/**
* Very simplistic config registry. Allows hooking in a config object
* to the "main" sequence.
*/
class configurable {
public:
configurable() {
// We auto register. Not that like cycle is assumed to be forever
// and scope should be managed elsewhere.
register_configurable(*this);
}
virtual ~configurable()
{}
// Hook to add command line options and/or add main config options
virtual void append_options(db::config&, boost::program_options::options_description_easy_init&)
{};
// Called after command line is parsed and db/config populated.
// Hooked config can for example take this oppurtunity to load any file(s).
virtual future<> initialize(const boost::program_options::variables_map&) {
return make_ready_future();
}
virtual future<> initialize(const boost::program_options::variables_map& map, const db::config& cfg, db::extensions& exts) {
return initialize(map);
}
// visible for testing
static std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<configurable>>& configurables();
static future<> init_all(const boost::program_options::variables_map&, const db::config&, db::extensions&);
static future<> init_all(const db::config&, db::extensions&);
static void append_all(db::config&, boost::program_options::options_description_easy_init&);
private:
static void register_configurable(configurable &);
};
``` |
The Congregation of Divine Providence (or Sisters of Divine Providence) is the name of several Roman Catholic religious institutes of women which have developed from the work of Jean-Martin Moye (1730-1793), a French Catholic priest. They are dedicated to the instruction and care of the neediest of the world. Started in 1762, it took its final form in 1852.
Moye saw the lack of educational opportunities for females in the rural sectors of his large parish in the Duchy of Lorraine, at that time an independent nation, speaking a form of the German language. The general motherhouse of the largest congregation is in Saint-Jean-de-Bassel, Moselle, France. The Sisters of this congregation serve on four continents. They all use the postnominal initials of C.D.P..
History
Origins
Jean-Martin Moye was a parish priest in Lorraine, who was concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for young women and girls, and the general ignorance in the region about the faith, in the large parish for which he was responsible. He began to instruct several young women to combat this. On 14 January 1762, Moye sent out four literate women whom he had recruited, under the leadership of Marguerite LeComte, to teach in the remote hamlets of the region what was needed for the improvement of the peoples' lives, as well as for their practice of the Catholic faith. These women were to live alone and without provisions, like the first Christians, sharing in the daily labor of the local populace and trusting in God's divine providence to provide for their needs.
Lecomte he stationed in the hamlet of Saint-Hubert where she served throughout the upheavals of the French Revolution.
Though pious, the women lacked any formal knowledge of teaching. Moye trained them in child psychology, in order to prepare them to teach effectively and in a Christian manner, instructing all those whom they met. They were instructed to provide special help to the less gifted and to the poor who had become distasteful to others from the situations of their lives. This innovative ministry by single women quickly came under criticism by some for this irregular behavior. In their first year of operation, the association was suppressed by the religious authorities. They did not, however, close the schools opened by the women, which immediately began to expand.
Moye initially gave the women the title of "Poor Sisters of the Child Jesus", but the villagers came to call them the "Poor Sisters of Providence".
Feeling called to preach the Gospel in the East, Moye joined the Paris Society for Foreign Missions and went to China to do missionary work in 1771, not returning to Lorraine until 1784 to oversee the new community. Before leaving, he put the care of the Sisters of Providence in the hands of two colleagues who were admirers of their work. He also appointed Marie Morel as their first Mother Superior. Driven into exile during the French Revolution, in 1793 he succumbed to typhus contracted while nursing fellow refugees. He was beatified by Pope Pius XII in 1954 and his feast day is celebrated on May 4.
Restoration and division
The French Revolution caused the closing of the schools of the congregation and scattered the Sisters. The loss of their founder and guide left them uncertain as to their future. When two priests returned to Lorraine from exile, they guided the surviving Sisters in re-forming the community in 1802. The German-speaking Sisters established a base in the town of Saint-Jean-de-Bassel in 1827, opening schools throughout Moselle and Alsace. The French-speaking Sisters were headquartered in Portieux, serving the Department of Vosges. The two groups separated into separate congregations in 1852.
Expansion
In 1866, the congregation expanded with a mission to the United States. In 1868 they sent a small group of Sisters to Algeria, who returned to France in 1871. During that period, they began to expand into new forms of service, opening a trade school for boys in Lixheim that same year, as well as ones to train girls in housekeeping. In 1879 Sisters began to serve in Belgium, and in 1889 a new mission was sent to the United States in Kentucky.
During World War II, Alsace was again made part of Germany, and the sisters faced the anti-Catholic regulations of the Nazi regime, under which their schools were closed. Many sisters fled to the part of the region under the government of Vichy France until the end of the war. A few, however, stayed and operated clandestine private schools at great personal risk.
After the war, a mission to Madagascar was established in 1950, in response to a request to staff a sanatorium there. The sisters began to serve in the French Department of Mayotte in the Pacific region, their first presence in a Muslim country. They served there until 1988. They expanded to Ecuador in 1982.
Presence
At present, the Sisters of Divine Providence serve in Belgium, Comoros, Ecuador, France, Madagascar, Mali, Poland and the United States. They have served briefly in Algeria, Germany, Ghana and Romania.
The congregation was divided in 1999 into three provinces:
The European Province, with its motherhouse in Saint Jean de Bassel, numbers about 400 sisters, serving in Belgium, France and Poland.
The Madagascar Province currently numbers about 100 members, most of whom are native Malagasys.
The American Province, established in 1889, is based in Melbourne, Kentucky, and has 115 sisters serving in the United States and Ecuador. It currently has 115 members.
Legacy
Other congregations which trace their heritage to the work of Moye include:
Sisters of Providence of Portieux, France
The French-speaking Sisters of the original foundation, they continue to serve in that region as an autonomous congregation of diocesan right. To re-establish themselves after the turmoil of the Revolution, in 1802 these Sisters were able to open a novitiate in Portieux for new members. By 1824, they administered 24 institutions. Separating officially from the German-speaking branch in 1852, they received full ecclesiastical approval as an independent congregation in 1859.
By the 1870's, the congregation had expanded to 683 schools, including one in Rome, Italy. Mission schools began to be founded in Asia in 1874, first in China, then in modern-day Vietnam. During that period, they reached their height in membership, having 2,000 members of the congregation. In 1905, during the French Protectorate of Cambodia, these Sisters opened a mission in Battambang, where they operated a hospital and orphanage.
Today the Sisters of this congregation serve mainly in medical care and social service. They operate in Belgium, Cambodia, China, France, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Philippines, Switzerland, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Sisters of Providence of Gap, France
The Sisters of Pontieux opened a school in 1823 in the Alpine village of Vitrolles in Southeastern France. There they found a large number of young women interested in joining their congregation. By 1838, the local Bishop of Gap determined that, given the distance of their region from the motherhouse of the congregation, he should have an independent community of Sisters teaching in the schools of his diocese and opened a novitiate in Gap to train candidates for a local community of Sisters of Providence who were to be under his authority.
The first group of Sisters in this new foundation took their vows in 1843, and the congregation received full ecclesiastical approval in 1855.
As of 2017, there were 570 Sisters serving on four continents.
Congregation of Divine Providence, Texas
The first overseas mission of the congregation was established in 1866 in the United States. The Sisters were recruited by Claude Dubuis, the Bishop of Galveston, Texas, to teach in the rural towns of his diocese. In answer to this call, Mother St. Andrew Feltin and Sister Alphonsa Boegler journeyed to Texas, landing in Galveston that year, arriving in San Antonio in December, where they opened their first school the following April. At the request of the bishop, they established a nearby city, Castroville as their headquarters. This was due to the large Alsatian population of that town. After much expansion, the motherhouse was later moved to San Antonio in 1895.
Under the leadership of Mother St. Andrew, the community opened dozens of schools, expanding their labors into Louisiana, where they opened schools which accepted black students, and on the Native American reservations.
This congregation has a province in Mexico. They operate Our Lady of the Lake University and Providence High School in San Antonio.
Missionary Catechists of Divine Providence
This community was founded in 1930 to meet the needs of the large Mexican-American population in Texas. They were founded by Sister Mary Benitia Vermeersch, C.D.P., who had recruited a small group of Hispanic young woman who wished to take this challenge. They determined that they wanted to live out this commitment as members of a religious institute. They received approval by the Holy See as a dependent congregation in 1946, becoming fully independent in 1989.
Sisters of Providence of Ruillé-sur-Loir, France
Another congregation which has a connection to this one is that of the Sisters of Providence of Ruillé-sur-Loir, France, founded in 1806, whose founder, Jacques-François Dujarié, adopted the Rule of Life and religious habit of this congregation.
An offshoot of the Ruillé-sur-Loir congregation is the American congregation of the Sisters of Providence of St. Mary of the Woods, based in Indiana, founded in 1840.
Sisters of Providence of the Institute of Charity
Similar to these two congregations, the Rule and habit of Providence were also adopted by the founder of the Sisters of Providence of the Institute of Charity, more commonly known as the Rosminian Sisters founded in Italy in 1832.
Notable members
Sister Mary Elaine Gentemann, an American composer.
Sister Mary Benitia Vermeersch, C.D.P., foundress of the Missionary Catechists of Divine Providence.
References
Catholic female orders and societies
1760s establishments in Lorraine
1762 establishments in France
Catholic religious institutes established in the 18th century
Catholic teaching orders |
```xml
import { Signature, compareVersions } from "./signature";
import { LoadoutFile, signature } from "./loadout";
import { Widget, WidgetType } from "./widget";
import { Readout, migrateReadout } from "./readout";
import { Graph, migrateGraph } from "./graph";
export function migrateLoadout(file: LoadoutFile): void {
if (file.signature.code !== signature.code) {
throw new Error(`wrong signature code in preferences migration: ${file.signature.code}`);
}
if (compareVersions(file.signature.version, signature.version) > 0) {
throw new Error(`error attempted migration from newer to older version: ${file.signature.version} => ${signature.version}`);
}
if (compareVersions(file.signature.version, signature.version) === 0) {
console.warn(`migrateLoadout called but version up to date ${file.signature.version}`);
return;
}
for (const widget of file.widgets) {
if (widget.widgetType === WidgetType.Graph) {
migrateGraph(widget as Graph, file.signature.version);
}
else if (widget.widgetType === WidgetType.Readout) {
migrateReadout(widget as Readout, file.signature.version);
}
else {
console.error('Unrecognized widget type in migrateLoadout');
}
}
}
``` |
Jacques Rivière (15 July 1886 – 14 February 1925) was a French "man of letters" — a writer, critic and editor who was "a major force in the intellectual life of France in the period immediately following World War I". He edited the magazine La Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF) from 1919 until his death. He was influential in winning a general public acceptance of Marcel Proust as an important writer. His friend and brother-in-law was Alain-Fournier (Henri Alban-Fournier), with whom he exchanged an abundant correspondence.
Biography
Rivière was born in Bordeaux, the son of an eminent physician. He became friends with Henri-Alban Fournier (later known as Alain-Fournier) at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine. Both students prepared for the entrance examination for the École Normale Supérieure, and both failed. Rivière returned to Bordeaux in 1905, and from that date until his death maintained a frequent correspondence with Alban-Fournier.
Rivière obtained an arts degree in Bordeaux, performed his military service, and returned in 1907 to Paris. There he prepared a thesis at the Sorbonne on the Theodicy of Fénelon, while earning a living as a teacher at the Stanislas College. He was influenced by Maurice Barrès, André Gide and Paul Claudel, with whom he corresponded.
On 24 August 1909, Rivière married Isabelle Alban-Fournier, his friend Henri's younger sister. In 1913, he explicitly declared his Catholicism.
After writing for the literary revue L'Occident, Rivière became a sub-editor of the NRF in 1912. He also began to write literary criticism, which he collected and published with the title Études (Studies). The essays in this book reveal Rivière's excellent sense of psychology.
Rivière was mobilized in 1914 in the 220th infantry, and was captured on 24 August, in an early battle. Imprisoned in a camp near Königsbrück, Saxony, he attempted several escapes, which caused him to be transferred to a disciplinary camp in Hülsberg, Hanover. His memoirs of his captivity there were published in 1918 with the title L'Allemand : souvenirs et réflexions d'un prisonnier de guerre (The German: memories and reflections of a prisoner of war). Eventually he became seriously ill, and was transferred to Switzerland where he was interned until the end of the war.
Soon after the end of the war, Rivière restarted the NRF (the publication of which had been stopped during the war). With Rivière's direction, publication of the NRF resumed on 1 June 1919, and it later published the works of such writers as Marcel Proust, François Mauriac, Paul Valéry, Saint-John Perse, Jean Giraudoux and Jules Romains. Rivière is remembered primarily for his 1923–24 exchange of letters with Antonin Artaud, for the remarkable ways Artaud resists Rivière's attempts at critical, literary, even psychological reduction. About this time Rivière largely neglected his own career as a writer, and wrote only one short psychological novel, Aimé, published in 1922. At Proust's insistence, he was awarded the Prix Blumenthal in 1920.
Rivière died of typhoid fever on 14 February 1925 in Paris. After his death, Rivière's wife devoted herself to the posthumous classification and publication of many of his works.
Works
Études (1912)
L’Allemand : souvenirs et réflexions d'un prisonnier de guerre (1918)
Aimée (1922)
À la trace de Dieu (1925)
(1926–1928)
(1926)
Carnet de guerre (1929)
Rimbaud (1931)
Moralisme et Littérature, dialogue avec Ramon Fernández (1932)
Florence (1935) (unfinished novel)
Carnets 1914-1917 (1977)
References
1886 births
1925 deaths
Writers from Bordeaux
20th-century French novelists
French magazine editors
Lycée Lakanal alumni
Prix Blumenthal
French male essayists
French male novelists
20th-century French essayists
20th-century French male writers
Deaths from typhoid fever
20th-century French memoirists
Nouvelle Revue Française editors |
The 869th Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit. It was assigned to the 497th Bombardment Group, and was last stationed at MacDill Field, Florida where it was inactivated on 31 March 1946. The squadron was activated in late 1943. After training in the United States, it moved to Saipan in the Central Pacific Area, where it served in the strategic bombing campaign against Japan with Twentieth Air Force, flying Boeing B-29 Superfortress aircraft, where it earned two Distinguished Unit Citations. Following V-J Day, the squadron returned to the United States and briefly became part of Strategic Air Command before inactivating.
History
The squadron was established in late 1943 as the 869th Bombardment Squadron at El Paso Army Air Base, Texas, a Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment squadron that was one of the original operational squadrons of the 497th Bombardment Group. The squadron's initial cadre was drawn from the 491st Bombardment Group.
In December the squadron moved on paper to Clovis Army Air Field, New Mexico. At Clovis, the squadron began to man its air echelon by January 1944. The 869th drew heavily on aircrews of the 480th Antisubmarine Group who were returning to the United States from duty in England and Africa to fill out its crews. Aircrew training at Clovis was limited to ground training, although some flying in Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator aircraft assigned to the 73d Bombardment Wing was accomplished. Key personnel trained with the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics at Orlando Army Air Base, Florida.
In April 1944, the squadron's air and ground echelons united at Pratt Army Air Field. Here the 869th finally received newly manufactured Boeing B-29 Superfortresses the following month, although it continued to fly B-17s due to continuing engine problems with the B-29s. In May the United States Army Air Forces reorganized its very heavy bombardment units. The 872d Bombardment Squadron and support units of the 497th group were inactivated and their personnel absorbed into the 869th and the remaining squadrons of the group.
The 869th deployed to the Pacific Theater of Operations, with the ground echelon sailing 30 July on the SS Fairisle, passing through Honolulu and Eniwetok before arriving at Saipan on 20 September. Upon arrival the squadron's personnel were engaged in construction. By mid-October most personnel were able to move into Quonset huts from the tents that they were assigned on their arrival. The aircrews began departing from Kansas on 6 October, ferrying their aircraft to Saipan via a 6500 nautical mile route, with the last B-29 arriving on 30 October. At Saipan the unit became part of the XXI Bomber Command at Isely Field.
The squadron began operations on 28 October 1944 with a night attack against the submarine pens at Truk Islands and attacks against Iwo Jima in early November. The squadron took part in the first attack on Japan by AAF planes based in the Marianas. On 24 November 1944 Major Robert Morgan, the squadron commander, led the first mission of XXI Bomber Command to bomb Japan, with wing commander Brigadier Gen. Emmett O'Donnell, Jr. as co-pilot. 110 aircraft of the 73rd Bombardment Wing bombed Tokyo during this mission. Major Morgan and his crew had flown a solo mission on 10 November using radio countermeasures equipment to obtain information on the disposition of Japanese early warning and gun control radars. The 869th flew missions against strategic objectives in Japan, originally in daylight and from high altitude. It was also tasked with "Weather Strike" missions which were single ship flights flown nightly to obtain weather information for target areas in Japan while making incendiary attacks on various targets.
The squadron received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for a mission on 27 January 1945. Although weather conditions prevented the group from bombing its primary objective, the unescorted B-29’s withstood severe enemy attacks to strike an alternate target, the industrial area of Hamamatsu. It was awarded a second DUC for attacking strategic centers in Japan during July and August 1945. The squadron assisted the assault on Okinawa in April 1945 by bombing enemy airfields to reduce air attacks against the invasion force. Beginning on 19 March and continuing until the end of the war, the squadron ran incendiary raids against Japan, flying at night and at low altitude to bomb area targets. The unit released propaganda leaflets over the Japanese home islands, continuing strategic bombing raids and incendiary attacks until the Japanese surrender in August 1945.
After V-J Day, the 869th dropped supplies to Allied prisoners. In November 1945 the unit returned to the United States where it became part of Continental Air Forces (CAF) at March Field, California. In January 1945, the 869th moved to MacDill Field, Florida. In March 1946 CAF became Strategic Air Command (SAC), and the squadron was one of SAC's first bombardment squadrons. Demobilization, however, was in full swing and the squadron turned in its aircraft and was inactivated on 31 March.
Lineage
Constituted as the 869th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 19 November 1943
Activated on 20 November 1943
Inactivated on 31 March 1946
Assignments
497th Bombardment Group: 20 November 1943 – 31 March 1946
Stations
El Paso Army Air Base, Texas, 20 November 1943
Clovis Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 December 1943
Pratt Army Air Field, Kansas, 13 April 1944 – 17 July 1944
Isely Field, Saipan, 17 September 1944 – 1 November 1945
Camp Stoneman, California, 14 November 1945
March Field, California, c. 26 November 1945
MacDill Field, Florida, c. 5 January 1946 – 31 March 1946
Awards and campaigns
Aircraft
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1944
Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1944–1946
See also
List of B-29 Superfortress operators
References
Notes
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
Strategic bombing squadrons of the United States Army Air Forces
Military units and formations established in 1943 |
Ribs of pork, beef, lamb, and venison are a cut of meat. The term ribs usually refers to the less meaty part of the chops, often cooked as a slab (not cut into separate ribs). Ribs of bison, goat, ostrich, crocodile, alligator, llama, alpaca, beefalo, African buffalo, water buffalo, kangaroo, deer, and other animals are also consumed in various parts of the world.
They can be roasted, grilled, fried, sous vide, baked, braised, or smoked. A set of ribs served together (5 or more), is known as a rack (as in a rack of ribs).
Pork ribs were considered cast off cuts and in the 19th century as pork was primarily packaged in wood barrels, butchers would not be able to fit the spareribs. This oversupply of ribs meant that in areas where hogs were being packed or processed, ribs could be found at zero or low cost. Barbeque ribs became popular in the 20th century at the dawn of mechanical refrigeration. Before refrigerated transport, barbeque pork ribs would only be consumed as part of a whole "Pig Roast" where a whole pig was often barbequed in a pit.
In American cuisine, ribs usually refers to barbecue pork ribs, or sometimes beef ribs, which are served with various barbecue sauces. They are served as a rack of meat which diners customarily tear apart by hand, then eat the meat from the bone. Slow roasting or barbecuing for as much as 6-8 hours creates a tender finished product.
Fish ribs, especially buffalo ribs, are also consumed in the United States.
See also
Galbi
Meat on the bone
Pork ribs - Pork belly
Prime rib
Short ribs
Spare ribs
Rack of lamb
sous vide
References
External links
Cuts of meat
American cuisine |
Spirotropis limula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 11.6 mm, its diameter 4 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the demersal zone of the Mid Indian Ridge, Southern Indian Ocean, at a depth of 500 m.
References
von Martens (1904) Die beschalten Gastropoden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, 1898–1899.. In. A. Systematisch-geographischer Theil., vol. 7 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899, 1–146
Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295
External links
limula
Gastropods described in 1904 |
Andrea Cassarà (born 3 January 1984) is an Italian left-handed foil fencer, two-time individual European champion, 2011 individual world champion, and three-time Olympics medalist.
Cassarà won a bronze medal in the individual men's foil event and a gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, and a gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2012 London Olympic Games.
Cassarà competed in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (as a replacement for suspended world #1 foil fencer Andrea Baldini), the 2012 London Olympic Games, and the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games.
Cassarà's medal record at world fencing championships include:
Bronze medal in the individual men's foil event and gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2003 World Fencing Championships in Havana, Cuba
Silver medal in the team men's foil event at the 2005 World Fencing Championships in Leipzig, Germany
Bronze medal in the team men's foil event at the 2006 World Fencing Championships in Turin, Italy
Gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2008 World Fencing Championships in Beijing, China
Gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2009 World Fencing Championships in Antalya, Turkey
Silver medal in the team men's foil event at the 2010 World Fencing Championships in Paris, France
Gold medal in the individual men's foil event at the 2011 World Fencing Championships in Catania, Italy
Gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2013 World Fencing Championships in Budapest, Hungary
Bronze medal in the team men's foil event at the 2014 World Fencing Championships in Kazan, Russia
Gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2015 World Fencing Championships in Moscow, Russia
Gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2017 World Fencing Championships in Leipzig, Germany,
Gold medal in the team men's foil event at the 2018 World Fencing Championships in Wuxi, China
Bronze medal in the team men's foil event at the 2019 World Fencing Championships in Budapest, Hungary
Cassarà won a gold medal in the individual men's foil event at the 2008 European Fencing Championships in Kyiv, Ukraine, a silver medal in the individual men's foil event at the 2011 European Fencing Championships in Sheffield, United Kingdom, and a gold medal in the individual men's foil event at the 2015 European Fencing Championships in Montreux, Switzerland.
Between 2003 and 2018, Cassarà won 11 FIE Men's Foil Grand Prix titles, in addition to six silver medals and six bronze medals.
Between 2003 and 2020, Cassarà won 17 FIE Men's Foil World Cup titles, in addition to 13 silver medals, and seven bronze medals.
References
External links
(archive)
1984 births
Living people
Italian male fencers
Italian foil fencers
Fencers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic fencers for Italy
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in fencing
Sportspeople from the Province of Brescia
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Universiade medalists in fencing
Universiade bronze medalists for Italy
Fencers of Centro Sportivo Carabinieri
Medalists at the 2005 Summer Universiade
Fencers at the 2020 Summer Olympics |
The men's high jump event at the 1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 6 March.
Results
References
High jump at the European Athletics Indoor Championships
High |
Bessie Lillian Carter (née Gordy; August 15, 1898 – October 30, 1983) was an American nurse. Carter's son Jimmy Carter served as president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. She was also known for her contributions as a Peace Corps volunteer in India and for writing two books during his presidency.
Nurse and mother
Carter was born Bessie Lillian Gordy on August 15, 1898, in Richland, Georgia, to James Jackson Gordy (1863–1948) and Mary Ida Nicholson Gordy (1871–1951). She was the niece of Berry Gordy I, who was the paternal half-brother of James Jackson Gordy and the grandfather of Motown Records founder Berry Gordy. She volunteered to serve as a nurse with the U.S. Army in 1917 but the program was cancelled. Instead, she worked for the US Post Office at Richland before moving to Plains, Georgia in 1920 where she was accepted as a trainee at the Wise Sanitarium before completing her nursing degree at the Grady Memorial Hospital School of Nursing in Atlanta, Georgia in 1923. Lillian's family initially disapproved of her choice of a career in nursing, but she continued her training and became very successful, earning the respect of both the black and white communities. "Miss Lillian", as she was often known, allowed black people to enter her home through the front door, rather than through the back door as was the social norm, and would often have them in her living room for casual conversation just as she would a white neighbor. These conversations would even continue after her husband Earl was to arrive home expecting the guests to depart.
Lillian Carter said that the strongest influence on her liberal views was her father. James Jackson Gordy, operated a Post Office in Lillian's hometown of Richland and was always cordial and often dined with the black workers. It was very unusual in the early 20th century but Lillian decided that she would follow her father's example.
She met businessman James Earl Carter and married him immediately after her graduation. The couple had four children: Jimmy (born 1924), Gloria (1926–1990), Ruth (1929–1983), and Billy (1937–1988). While she theoretically retired from nursing in 1925, in reality she worked as what was then called a nurse practitioner both for the hundreds of employees back in her husband's businesses and for members of the Plains community. While a religious woman, Carter was not a regular attender of church services. After some sisters at the local church organized a mission trip to Africa, Carter became upset saying that there was plenty to be done in the US before traveling to another country. She coordinated her own Bible study at home on Sunday mornings while the rest of the family attended church.
After the death of her husband from pancreatic cancer, Lillian Carter left for Auburn University where she assumed the role of housemother of Kappa Alpha Order, a fraternity of 100 members at the time. She served in that role from 1956 to 1962. A year after completing her service at Auburn, Carter managed a nursing home in Blakely, Georgia.
Carter later became a social activist, working for desegregation and providing medical care to African Americans in Plains, Georgia.
Peace Corps volunteer
In 1966, at the age of 68, Carter applied for the Peace Corps. After completing a psychiatric evaluation, she received three months of training and was sent to India where she worked at the Godrej Colony from Mumbai. She worked there for 21 months; she aided patients with leprosy. Emory University established the Lillian Carter Center for International Nursing in honor of her work in India. The Atlanta Regional Office of the Peace Corps has named an award in her honor for volunteers over 50 who make the biggest contribution.
Presidential mother
When Jimmy Carter decided to run for president, his mother was one of the first people he told. He was initially regarded as a dark horse candidate for the Democratic Party nomination.
Lillian Carter was well known as "Miss Lillian" and she published two books during his presidency: Miss Lillian and Friends and Away from Home: Letters to my Family, both published in 1977. The latter book was a collection of letters to her family sent when she was in India for the Peace Corps.
"Miss Lillian" was a favorite of the press for her Southern charm and down-to-earth manner. For reporters and interrogators alike, she always had a warm, sassy response for every question. One biographer recalls a story about an encounter between Carter and a reporter from New York who flew to Plains to meet her during her son's 1976 campaign to become the U.S. president:
In 1977, Lillian Carter appeared in a cameo as herself in the made-for-TV movie Lucy Calls the President starring Lucille Ball.
When son Billy's beer business had its ribbon-cutting ceremony, a friend questioned Carter on whether or not she would attend. She remarked: "I attended Jimmy's inauguration, didn't I?"
Together with vice president Walter Mondale, Lillian Carter was head of the U.S. delegation to the funeral of Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito.
Final years and death
Shortly after her eldest son left office in January 1981, Carter was diagnosed with breast cancer. While her cancer was in remission in April 1983, her younger daughter, Ruth Carter Stapleton, was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and died on September 26, 1983, aged 54. Carter herself succumbed to breast cancer that metastasized to the bone a month later on October 30, 1983, at age 85 in Americus, Georgia. Her three surviving children were by her side at her death. Carter was buried in a simple six-minute ceremony at Lebanon Church Cemetery, on November 1, 1983, next to her husband, who died 30 years before her.
In addition to her husband and daughter, two more of her children, Gloria Carter Spann and Billy Carter, and her grandson, Dr. S. Scott Stapleton, also died from pancreatic cancer. The former president was diagnosed with melanoma in 2015, at the age of 90. He survived the cancer and stopped treatments in March 2016. In 2010, he had a severe stomach ache which was mistaken as pancreatic cancer. He has been a fundraiser and booster for research into a cure for the disease.
In 2001, a major nursing center in Plains was dedicated in Lillian Carter's honor by Jimmy Carter in recognition of her first years of service to the community as a nurse. In 2011 she was inducted into the Georgia Women of Achievement.
References
Further reading
Lillian Carter with Gloria Carter Spann, Away From Home: Letters to My Family Simon & Schuster New York 1977
Lillian Carter as told to Beth Tartan and Rudy Hayes Miss Lillian and Friends: the Plains, Georgia Family Philosophy and Recipe Book A&W Publishers 1977
Jimmy Carter, An Hour Before Daylight: Memories of a Rural Boyhood Simon & Schuster, London
Jimmy Carter, A Remarkable Mother Simon & Schuster, New York 2008
Jimmy Carter, Always a Reckoning, and Other Poems Times Books, New York 1995 was dedicated in his mother's honor and contains a poem about her.
Grant Hayter-Menzies, Lillian Carter: A Compassionate Life McFarland & Company, Jefferson NC 2014
Robert Buccellato, Jimmy Carter in Plains: The Presidential Hometown Arcadia Publishing, South Carolina 2016
External links
1930 Census of Sumter County, Georgia (at Ancestry.Com showing : "Earl Carter 35 b GA, owns home, married first at 29, Farmer; Lillian 31 b GA, married first at 25; Jim E 5 b GA; Gloria 3 4/12 b GA; Ruth 4/12 b GA"
Our Georgia History profile of Lillian Carter
Peace Corps Online article on Carter's contribution to the Peace Corps
1898 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century Baptists
American expatriates in India
American nurses
American women nurses
Auburn University personnel
Baptists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Burials in Georgia (U.S. state)
Carter family
Deaths from bone cancer
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)
Gordy family
Mothers of presidents of the United States
People from Plains, Georgia
People from Richland, Georgia
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state) |
Emik Avakian (; August 15, 1923 – July 11, 2013) was an Armenian American inventor and owner of numerous patents including breath-operated computer, a mechanism that facilitates putting wheelchairs on automobiles, and a self operating robotic wheel that converts manual wheel chairs into automatic. Many of his inventions were geared towards the improvement of disabled people's lives, and he won many awards recognizing these efforts.
Life
Of Armenian descent, Emik Avakian was born in Tabriz, Persia in 1924. Avakian was born with a severe case of cerebral palsy, but this did not affect his cognitive abilities. In order to seek medical assistance for Emik, the Avakian family traveled from Persia, to Russia, to Germany, and finally settling in New York City. By the age of thirteen, Emik was already fixing many electrical engineering problems around the household. Although he suffered considerably, Avakian graduated magna cum laude from Eureka College with a degree in physics and mathematics. He later earned his master's degree at Columbia University. Throughout his years as a student, Avakian had trouble communicating with typists who would write down notes for him.
He resided in Massachusetts with his wife Anne until his death.
Inventions
In order to overcome many of the difficulties he experienced in life, Avakian created a series of inventions. One of his more notable inventions was a typewriter that would produce letters from breath rather than typing. The typewriter would operate according to breath measurement and sound that would be blown into four microphones. Although the mechanism was slow, it was still more cost effective to use the device than to hire an assisting type writer.
Another significant invention was the "information retrieval and storage apparatus," which was a machine that could display library and archive information more quickly than other methods.
Awards
In 1961, President of the United States John F. Kennedy honored Avakian for his outstanding contributions to handicap employment.
Eminent Engineer Award (1979)
Armenian Bicentennial Committee's "Excellence in the Field of Science Award" (1976)
Shah of Iran Crown Medal (1963)
Honorary Doctorate Award of Eureka College (1996)
In addition to his awards, Avakian was featured in renowned and local publications, including Life magazine and Mechanix Illustrated in 1952, 1953, and 1962.
Notable patents
Information Storage, retrieval, and Handling Apparatus United States Patent no. 3,191,006 filed date: Apr. 3, 1962, issue date: Jun. 22, 1965.
Energy Projecting and Scanning Apparatus United States Patent no. 3,283,147, filed date: May 9, 1962, issued date: Nov. 1, 1966.
Apparatus and System for Interconnecting Circuits and Electronic Components United States Patent no. 3,880,486 filed date: Mar. 5, 1973 issued date: Apr. 2, 1975.
Data Entry Devices United States Patent no. 4,077,036, filed Aug 30, 1976, issued Feb 28, 1978.
Method of and Apparatus for Motorizing Manually Powered Vehicles United States Patent no. 5,186,269, filed date: Nov 7, 1991, issued date: Feb 16, 1993.
Drive System for Wheelchairs or the like United States Patent no. 5,427,193, filed date: Apr. 19, 1993, issued date: Jun 27, 1995.
Vehicle Loading System United States Patent no. 5,242,257, filed date Nov. 8, 1991, issued date: Sep. 7, 1993.
Flow Control System and Restrictor for use therein United States Patent no. 4,372,304, filed date: Oct 15, 1980, issue date: Feb 8, 1983.
References
2013 deaths
People from Tabriz
American people of Armenian descent
Armenian inventors
American inventors
Persian Armenians
People with cerebral palsy
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Eureka College alumni
Columbia University alumni
1923 births |
is a Japanese cyberpunk visual novel by Nitroplus. It's Nitroplus' third game, and the script is written by Gen Urobuchi.
The game was remade in 2011 with enhanced graphics, a new theme song, and character voices added.
The 2011 version is also rated for ages 15 and up instead of the original game's 18+ rating.
Plot
Kikokugai takes place in Shanghai, in a dystopian future of organized crime and cyborg assassins.
References
External links
Kikokugai: The Cyber Slayer's official website
2002 video games
Video games set in Shanghai
Cyberpunk video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Nitroplus
Video games developed in Japan
Visual novels
Windows games
Windows-only games
Dystopian video games |
Hindustan Times is an Indian English-language daily newspaper based in Delhi. It is the flagship publication of HT Media Limited, an entity controlled by the Birla family, and is owned by Shobhana Bhartia, the daughter of KK Birla.
It was founded by Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of the Akali movement and the Shiromani Akali Dal, in Delhi and played integral roles in the Indian independence movement as a nationalist daily.
Hindustan Times is one of the largest newspapers in India by circulation. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 993,645 copies as of November 2017. The Indian Readership Survey 2014 revealed that HT is the second-most widely read English newspaper in India after The Times of India. It is popular in North India, with simultaneous editions from New Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi and Chandigarh.
The print location of Nagpur was discontinued from September 1997, and that of Jaipur from June 2006. HT launched a youth daily, HT Next, in 2004. The Kolkata edition was launched in early 2000, and that of Mumbai on 14 July 2005. Other sister publications of Hindustan Times are Mint (English business daily), Hindustan (Hindi Daily), Nandan (monthly children's magazine) and Kadambani (monthly literary magazine). It also has a children's version like other newspapers. The media group owns a radio channel, Fever 104.0 FM, an education-related company, Studymate, and organises an annual Luxury Conference that has featured speakers like designer Diane von Fürstenberg, shoemaker Christian Louboutin, Gucci CEO Robert Polet and Cartier MD Patrick Normand. Hindustan Times is owned by the KK Birla branch of the Birla family.
History
Hindustan Times was founded in 1924 in Delhi by Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of the Akali movement and the Shiromani Akali Dal. S Mangal Singh Gill (Tesildar) and S. Chanchal Singh (Jandiala, Jalandhar) were made in charge of the newspaper. Madan Mohan Malaviya and Tara Singh were among the members of the Managing Committee. The Managing Chairman and Chief Patron was Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri.
According to Prem Shankar Jha, who wrote an official history of the newspaper in 1999, most of the early funding of the paper, therefore, came from Sikhs in Canada. When financial troubles started in the early years, the Akalis approached two interested potential buyers from the nationalist movement. These were Motilal Nehru and Madan Mohan Malaviya, and ultimately Malviya bought the Hindustan Times. In fact, Malviya had to take out a loan of Rs. 40,000 with the help of Lala Lajpat Rai in order to finance the paper. In 1928, Gandhi chose a new editor, K. M. Panikkar, for the paper. By that time, the paper was running into financial troubles again; G. D. Birla underwrote some expenses and ultimately assumed ownership.
Devdas Gandhi, son of Mahatma Gandhi, was inducted into the editors' panel, and was later appointed editor. The opening ceremony was performed by Mahatma Gandhi on 26 September 1924. The first issue was published from Naya Bazar, Delhi (now Swami Sharda Nand Marg). It contained writings and articles from C. F. Andrews and Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy, among others.
K. M. Panikkar, also known as Sardar Panikkar, launched the Hindustan Times as a serious nationalist newspaper. As an Oxonian, historian and litterateur, Panikkar strived to make the paper broader than an Akali sheet. He became the editor and funds flowed freely from Akali patrons. He exerted himself strenuously, but the paper made very little headway. In two years, Panikkar could not take the print order any higher than 3,000. By then the Akali movement appeared to lose steam and funds dried up. The paper was saved from an untimely demise when Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya stepped in to realise his vision of a newspaper in Delhi.
It has its roots in the Indian independence movement of the first half of the twentieth century and even faced the noted "Hindustan Times Contempt Case (August–November, 1941)" at Allahabad High Court. It was edited at times by many important people in India, including Devdas Gandhi, Sri Mulgaonkar, B.G. Verghese and Khushwant Singh. Sanjoy Narayan was editor in chief of the paper from 2008 to 2016.
Ownership
The Delhi-based Hindustan Times is part of the KK Birla group and managed by Shobhana Bhartia, daughter of the industrialist Krishna Kumar Birla and granddaughter of Ghanshyam Das Birla. HT Media Limited is a subsidiary of The Hindustan Times Limited which is a subsidiary of Earthstone Holding (Two) Limited. The KK Birla group owns a 69 percent stake in HT Media, currently valued at 834 crore. When Shobhana Bhartia joined Hindustan Times in 1986, she was the first female chief executive of a national newspaper. Shobhana has been nominated as a Rajya Sabha MP from Congress Party.
Along with Hindustan Times, HT Media owns Desimartini, Fever 104 FM, Hindustan Times Telugu and the newspaper Mint.
Reception
In The Brand Trust Report 2012, Hindustan Times was ranked 291st among India's most trusted brands and subsequently, according to the Brand Trust Report 2013, Hindustan Times was ranked 434th among India's most trusted brands. In 2014 however, Hindustan Times was ranked 360th among India's most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company.
After the 2016 LoC strike in September, Shobhna Bhartia reportedly had started getting calls from the PM's office and from Amit Shah, and attention came to be focused on the Hate Tracker, a crowd-sourced database on the Hindustan Times website that recorded hate crimes in India which was launched under recently appointed editor Bobby Ghosh. Ghosh left the newspaper abruptly afterwards and The Wire reported that he was asked to leave the newspaper after Shobhana Bhartia met Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently. Hindustan Times's general Counsel Dinesh Mittal rejected the report and said Bobby Ghosh left for personal reasons.
In 2017, the Frontline magazine published a report which stated that Hindustan Times editor Shishir Gupta was colluding with the government after releasing emails to Amit Shah. Hindustan Times rejected claims of collusion and said that the emails were a request for comment. The Indian Express also published a report in 2017 stating that Hindustan Times Limited was linked to an offshore entity called Go4i.com, of which Bhartia and her son Priyavat were listed as directors. Hindustan Times stated that this report contained "certain serious misrepresentations, grave inaccuracies and falsehoods" and added that "HT Ltd. did not, as a matter of fact, have any direct shareholding in Go4i.com".
Supplements
HT Brunch
The Hindustan Times Brunch is a Sunday tabloid magazine that is focussed on arts and culture, food, fashion, lifestyle, travel, and Bollywood. It was launched in 2004 by Vir Sanghvi, the then editor of Hindustan Times.
Some of its other supplements include:
HT Cafe
Brishu
HT Education
HT Estates
Shine Jobs
HT Live
Columnists
D. K. Issar: former Chief Reporter, wrote on crime, politics, and terrorism
Barkha Dutt: Journalist and NDTV Group editor. Writes a fortnightly column.
Karan Thapar: President of Infotainment Television, television commentator and interviewer, a weekly columnist ("Sunday Sentiments")
Manas Chakravarty: Capital market analyst for Mint. Writes weekly column "Loose Canon" on Sundays'.
Poonam Saxena: Editor of Brunch, the Hindustan Times Sunday magazine. She does a weekly TV review column, "Small Screen".
Indrajit Hazra: A novelist and a senior editor at Hindustan Times, Hazra writes the weekly column "Red Herring".
Sonal Kalra: An author and editor of HT City, the daily entertainment and lifestyle supplement of Hindustan Times, Writes the weekly column "A Calmer You".
Samar Halarnkar: Editor-at-large, writes on a variety of issues and also runs a food blog on the Hindustan Times website.
See also
The Hindu
List of newspapers in India by circulation
List of newspapers in the world by circulation
References
External links
Online edition of Hindustan Times
About Hindustan Times
1924 establishments in India
Asian news websites
English-language newspapers published in India
National newspapers published in India
Newspapers published in Delhi
Newspapers published in Kolkata
Newspapers published in Mumbai
Newspapers published in Patna
Newspapers established in 1920 |
The May S. Marcy Sculpture Garden is a sculpture garden featuring 19th- and 20th-century modern and contemporary sculptures, located adjacent to the San Diego Museum of Art's West Wing in San Diego's Balboa Park, in the U.S. state of California.
Works
Featured works include:
Aim I (Alexander Liberman, 1980)
Big Open Skull (Jack Zajac, 1966-73)
Border Crossing/Cruzando el Rio Bravo (Luis Jiménez, 1989)
Cubi XV (David Smith, 1963-64)
Figure for Landscape (Barbara Hepworth, 1960)
Mother and Daughter Seated (Francisco Zúñiga, 1971)
Night Presence II (Louise Nevelson, 1976)
Odyssey III (Tony Rosenthal, 1973)
The Prodigal Son (Auguste Rodin, 1905)
Reclining Figure: Arch Leg (Henry Moore, 1969)
Solar Bird (Joan Miró, 1966-67)
Sonata Primitive (Saul Baizerman, 1940-48)
Spinal Column (Alexander Calder, 1968)
Two Lines Oblique: San Diego (George Rickey, 1993)
The Watchers (Lynn Chadwick, 1960)
References
External links
Sculpture gardens, trails and parks in California |
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