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Mark David Bright (born December 22, 1959) is an American country music producer, songwriter, and publishing company executive based in Nashville. His peers call Bright "one of the architects of the modern contemporary country sound". Bright's most noted success in producing records has been with the country acts BlackHawk, Rascal Flatts, and Carrie Underwood, but he has produced recordings for many artists including Reba McEntire, Sara Evans, Scotty McCreery, Lonestar, Peter Cetera, Brad Paisley, Luke Bryan, and Keith Urban
Bright's entry job in the music industry was in 1993 working as tape-splicer for Screen Gems/EMI Publishing in Nashville. Over the next 12 years he worked his way up to vice-president of the company. Arista Records president Tim DuBois gave Bright his first producing job with the band BlackHawk, which resulted in multi-platinum sales and spawned 13 additional albums produced by Bright, yielding album sales of over four million. Despite this success, Bright was not able to duplicate it in subsequent projects and was eventually terminated from EMI. After his departure, he was approached by EMI's competitor at the time, Sony/ATV, who offered him a joint venture in publishing, production and management. The new company, named "Teracel", prospered in its first year due in large measure to Bright's signing of songwriter Brett James, who created many commercially successful songs for various country artists.
In 1999, Bright heard three musicians who were performing in a bar in Nashville's Printer's Alley and thought their vocal harmonies had promise. The group, nameless at the time, was signed to a production and management deal and a recording contract by Bright, who developed them into the enormously successful trio "Rascal Flatts". Their first seven albums reached platinum sales and they eventually sold over 20 million albums.
Bright was tapped by Arista Nashville in 2005 to produce the debut album of that year's American Idol winner, Carrie Underwood. The album, Some Hearts, had unprecedented success winning three Grammy Awards, Best New Artist for Underwood, and was called Billboard Country Album of The Decade. Bright has continued to produce Underwood's music throughout her recording career including Underwood's NBC Sunday Night Football intro/theme songs. As of 2017, Underwood has had 21 number one hits produced by Bright. He sold Teracel Music in a highly lucrative transaction in 2006, then formed a new publishing company, "My Good Girl Music/Chatterbox Music" which was another a co-venture with Sony/ATV. From 2008 to 2010, Bright served as president and CEO of Word Entertainment, a Warner/Curb company representing Christian music artists. He served on the Board of Governors for The Recording Academy, Nashville chapter, and on the board of directors of the Country Music Association(CMA). Bright wrote songs for decades but never devoted much time to it; however, one of his songs became number one hit for George Strait and several of his songs have been recorded by successful artists.
Early years
Bright grew up in Longview, Texas, where his parents, Delbert and Jean Bright moved in 1964. In his early teens Bright was diagnosed as being dyslexic; however, he excelled at music. He played drums, piano and guitar and performed in various bands through high school and college, but had no desire to be a performing artist. He was fascinated by the production side of music. At age 22, Bright came to Nashville and attended Belmont University. He got a job working in the Screen Gems/EMI music tape room. At first, his job was mundane, splicing demo tapes together onto large reels putting markers between each song. Using connections he had made at Belmont, he befriended David Briggs, the owner of a studio next door to where Bright worked. Briggs gave him a job as "third engineer" meaning that he did custodial work and was not allowed to touch the equipment at first, but was able to observe recording sessions. Over time he learned the technique of how to properly record music and he was allowed to make some demos at nights and on weekends. In doing so, he met many artists, publishers and songwriters in addition to honing his craft as a budding record producer.
Success
Bright became friends with Tim DuBois, head of Arista Records in Nashville, who was not only a label executive but a creative-type person whom Bright naturally related to as a fellow "song junkie". The two enjoyed playing songs for each other and analyzing them critically, leading DuBois to recognize Bright's keen insight into what makes a commercially good song. DuBois had under contract three musicians whom he suggested work together rather than go for separate careers. The new trio was named "BlackHawk" and consisted of Henry Paul, Dave Robbins, and Van Stephenson. They recorded several songs, but DuBois was not happy with their sound and he asked Bright to spend time with them to come up with something with more commercial appeal. Bright collaborated with the band on intensive rehearsal sessions in a basement studio over several months, coming up with a bluegrass-type sound but with rock guitars, blending a mandolin and close vocal harmonies. Bright thought the sound was a "game changer". DuBois agreed and was willing to give Bright his first job as producer. Bright's production of BlackHawk's first single, "Goodbye Says It All" was released in 1993 and reached number 11 on the Billboard Country charts. Their next four songs were even more successful, all reaching the top ten. BlackHawk eventually sold over four million albums. Over a 12-year span Bright had ascended from the tape room to Vice President of EMI Publishing. With this extraordinary success, Bright said, "I thought I was king of the world". His success did not last. The next four acts he produced were failures and he was subsequently terminated by EMI. Bright stated "God kicked me back down the ladder. . . it was the worst thing in my life at that time." Later, EMI's then competitor, Sony/ATV approached Bright with a joint venture giving him his own publishing company, a production deal, and seed money for a management deal. He accepted, and with associate Marty Williams, co-founded the publishing company Teracel Music.
After founding Teracel, Bright met with singer/songwriter Brett James, who had been terminated from his own publishing deal and was at a low point. Bright agreed to sign him for very little money to help him out and James began turning out songs, but soon told Bright that he was going to medical school. He promised that he would still write songs every third day. He kept that promise, and wrote songs including "Jesus, Take the Wheel" and "Cowboy Casanova" for Carrie Undewood as well as songs recorded by Kenny Chesney, Martina McBride, Jason Aldean, and Jessica Andrews. By eight months into the Teracel endeavor, Bright had 44 songs recorded by major artists, largely through the songwriting of James. Bright said, "It was the hot streak of all times".
Rascal Flatts
In 1999, Bright received a tip about a bluegrass act who was performing at a bar called "The Fiddle and Steel Guitar Bar" in Nashville's Printer's Alley. The group consisted of Gary Vernon (stage name "Gary LeVox"), Joe Don Rooney and Jay DeMarcus. After hearing them perform, Bright was impressed by their vocal blend and invited them to come to his office where they sang for him a cappella. Bright signed them to a recording, publishing, and management contract, and promptly took them into the studio to record three songs. At that time the band did not have a name; so, during a performance they asked their bar patrons to suggest one. A man came up at their intermission and suggested "Rascal Flatts", saying that he once had a band by that name in high school. They liked the name, and bought the rights to it on the spot for five thousand dollars using funds from their signing bonus. The agreement was written on a napkin. Bright auditioned the group for executives of Disney's Lyric Street Records who agreed on a recording contract, but Bright retained total creative control. It was a risky proposition at first, because all of the band's salaries, expenses, equipment, and pre-existing tour obligations had to be paid by Bright and his new company. Bright's employees took the band members to the gym regularly to get them in better physical shape. Bright worked incredible hours and told his wife, "If this flops, we'll have to sell the house". The band, Rascal Flatts, became an enormous success, their first seven albums were all certified platinum or higher in record sales by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). As of 2009, they had sold 18.6 million albums. When the band learned that the Fiddle and Steel Guitar Bar would be closing to make room for a new hotel, they returned to the honky tonk for a final concert in November 2014. Band member Gary LeVox said, "This stage got us on stages around the world. We're forever indebted."
Carrie Underwood
In the spring of 2005, Bright received a call from Joe Galante, chairman of Sony BMG Nashville, when Galante was meeting with Clive Davis. They called Bright to see if he would be interested in producing that year's American Idol winner, Carrie Underwood. Bright had seen Underwood on the show, but never dreamed that he would ever have an opportunity to be her producer. Galante said "I want you to meet her — if she likes you, you'll make a record". Bright flew to Kansas City with Galante to meet Underwood. Two weeks later, Bright and Underwood were in the studio making Some Hearts. Bright was unaware that a battle had ensued because Clive Davis wanted another producer, but Galante wanted Bright. Underwood liked Bright, and they developed a good working relationship. She said of Bright, "He'll say 'try something different there' but he doesn't tell me how to sing". Bright was given one month to produce her first album from beginning to end. At the time, Underwood was on the road with the American Idol Tour, so Bright had to go to wherever she was, taking her microphone and special equipment to local studios in San Francisco and Seattle to finish her vocal tracks. Davis wanted to hedge his bet on Underwood by having her album include pop as well as county songs, but Underwood did not like the pop material. Davis insisted that production of the album be split to where Dann Huff produced the pop songs, and Bright did the country. The final product, Some Hearts, released in 2005, won three Grammy Awards and Underwood won a Grammy for Best New Artist. The album became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history and as of 2016, had sold 8 million copies. He also produced Underwood's NBC Sunday Night Football intro/theme songs. The first was "Waiting all day for Sunday night" which was replaced in 2016 using a new tune based on Underwood's country song "Somethin' Bad", but with new lyrics and other changes to fit the show. and changes the theme song again now is "Game On" for the 2018 NFL Season NBC Sunday Night Football.
Later career
In 2006, Bright sold Teracel Music Publishing, along with Teracel's roster of writers which included Brett James and three members of Rascal Flatts, to Dimensional Music Publishing. According to industry analyst David Ross, the 2005 sale price was the highest multiple ever paid for a joint venture at that time. The Teracel catalog included the number one songs "When the Sun Goes Down" by Kenny Chesney, "These Days" by Rascal Flatts, "Blessed" by Martina McBride, and "Who I Am" by Jessica Andrews. In 2006, Bright founded "My Good Girl Music", which was another co-venture with Sony/ATV Music Publishing. In 2011, the company changed the name to "Chatterbox Music" keeping the same joint venture and personnel. The company had hit songs "Do You Believe Me Now" by Jimmy Wayne, "American Ride" by Toby Keith, and "Without You" by Keith Urban. Chatterbox Music closed its administrative offices in the spring of 2012. Bright then founded "Delbert's Boy Music". From 2008 to 2010, Bright served as president and CEO of Word Entertainment, a Warner/Curb company who represents Christian music artists.
As a songwriter, Bright co-wrote George Strait’s 60th number one hit, "Give It All We Got Tonight". The song was published by "Delbert's Boy Music", the publishing firm Bright owned. Bright had written songs for many years, but never devoted much time to it; nevertheless, Bright's compositions have been recorded by Shakira, Hayley Orrantia, Whitney Duncan, Ashley Gearing, and Carter Winter. Bright is a member of the board of Governors for The Recording Academy Nashville Chapter. He is a 2016 member of the Country Music Association (CMA) Board of Directors.
He produced Sara Evans' number one hit "A Real Fine Place to Start" as well as Reba McEntire's longest running number one country hit "Consider Me Gone". Bright has also worked with Sting, Randy Travis, Keith Urban, Peter Cetera, Jo Dee Messina, Lonestar, Brad Paisley, Vince Gill, and Steven Tyler.
Discography
Songwriting discography
References
1959 births
Living people
Record producers from Texas
American country record producers
Belmont University alumni |
William E. Coles Jr. (1932–2005) was an American novelist and professor.
Born in Summit, New Jersey, Coles earned degrees from Lehigh University, the University of Connecticut, the University of Minnesota. From 1974 to 1998 he served as a professor and director of composition at the University of Pittsburgh. Previously he taught at Amherst College and at Case Western Reserve University.
Coles died on March 21, 2005. He was survived by his wife, Janet Kafka.
Books
The Plural I, English composition instruction book (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1978).
Funnybone, novel (New York: Atheneum Books, 1992).
Another Kind of Monday, novel (New York: Atheneum Books, 1996).
Compass in the Blood, novel (New York: Atheneum Books, 2001).
References
Sources
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2006.
Matthew Lavelle (2007). Pennsylvania Center for the Book: Profile of William E. Coles, Jr.. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
Storlie, Erik F. Go Deep & Take Plenty of Root: A Prairie-Norwegian Father, Rebellion in Minneapolis, Basement Zen, Growing Up, Growing Tender. Recollections of W.E. Coles, Chapters 6-7. Createspace 2013.
1932 births
2005 deaths
Writers from Pittsburgh
University of Connecticut alumni
Lehigh University alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty
American male novelists
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania
People from Summit, New Jersey |
The 1969 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In its 12th season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, the team compiled an 8–2 record (4–0 against conference opponents), won the MVC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 328 to 191. The team played its home games at Memphis Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.
The team's statistical leaders included Danny Pierce with 1,049 passing yards, Paul Gowen with 715 rushing yards, Frank Blackwell with 591 receiving yards, and Jay McCoy with 48 points scored.
Schedule
References
Memphis State
Memphis Tigers football seasons
Missouri Valley Conference football champion seasons
Memphis State Tigers football |
```go
package migrations
import (
"context"
"database/sql"
"github.com/pressly/goose/v3"
)
func init() {
goose.AddMigrationContext(Up20200419222708, Down20200419222708)
}
func Up20200419222708(_ context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
notice(tx, "A full rescan will be performed to change the search behaviour")
return forceFullRescan(tx)
}
func Down20200419222708(_ context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
return nil
}
``` |
Albert William Stokes (26 January 1933 – 1 May 2014) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward.
After previously playing for several non-League clubs, Stokes played 27 matches between 1954 and 1959 in the lower divisions of the Football League for Grimsby Town, Scunthorpe & Lindsey United (where he was a member of their 1957–1958 promotion winning squad) and Southport scoring a total of 7 goals. Thereafter his playing career continued with clubs at the non-league level.
References
External Links
Albert Stokes Football League A–Z Player's Transfer Database
Albert Stokes player profile Nuts and Bolts Archive: History of Ashford Town
1933 births
2014 deaths
Ashford United F.C. players
Chelmsford City F.C. players
Ebbsfleet United F.C. players
English Football League players
English men's footballers
Footballers from Sheffield
Frickley Athletic F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Guildford City F.C. players
Hampton Sports F.C. players
Loughborough F.C. players
People from Darnall
Rotherham United F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Spalding United F.C. players |
John Paisley (born 1938) is a Scottish actor working in China.
Early life and acting career
Paisley was born in Scotland in 1938. He graduated from Edinburgh College of Speech and Drama, followed by the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in 1959. He initially worked as an actor and stage manager as part of a repertory in England. He emigrated to Australia in 1961, working as an actor, teacher, writer, and playwright. He relocated to China to lecture at the Beijing University Department of Foreign Languages from 1999 to 2005, before returning to film work in Chinese productions. He married the painter Zheng Keying, his third wife, in 2005.
His most significant recent role was as John Rabe in the 2009 movie City of Life and Death.
Filmography
Film
Television
Screenplays
References
External links
20th-century Scottish male actors
21st-century Scottish male actors
1938 births
Living people
Alumni of Queen Margaret University
Scottish male film actors
Scottish male television actors |
Werner Kok (born 17 January 1993) is a South African rugby union player, currently playing with the South African Sevens team. His regular position is centre or winger.
Kok was a member of the South African Sevens team that won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Rugby career
Youth
At high school level, Kok represented the Pumas at the Under-16 2009 Grant Khomo Week and also at the Under-18 Craven Week tournament in 2011, where he scored a try in their match against Boland.
In 2012, Kok moved to Cape Town, where he represented the side during the 2012 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He made eleven appearances for them in the competition. He scored one try during the regular season – their second-last match against – and scored a second try for the side in the final against the to help them to a 22–18 victory to see them win the championship.
South African Sevens
In 2013, Kok became involved with the South African Sevens side. He made his debut for them at the 2013 London Sevens, the final event of the 2012–13 IRB Sevens World Series. He didn't play in the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in June 2013, but he did represent South Africa at the 2013 World Games in Cali, Colombia, where South Africa won the event, beating Argentina in the final.
Kok established himself as a regular for South Africa during the 2013–14 IRB Sevens World Series, including their wins at the 2013 South Africa Sevens and the 2014 USA Sevens. He was also included in their squad that played at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, helping his side all the way to the final, where they got a 17–12 victory over a New Zealand that won the previous four tournaments.
Kok was named the World Rugby Sevens Player of the Year for 2015 following his performances in the 2014–15 IRB Sevens World Series, where he was also the leading tackler in the series.
2016 Summer Olympics
Kok was included in a 12-man squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He was named as a substitute for their first match in Group B of the competition against Spain, with South Africa winning the match 24–0.
References
External links
South African rugby union players
Living people
1993 births
Sportspeople from Mbombela
Rugby union centres
Rugby union wings
South Africa international rugby sevens players
Rugby sevens players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Rugby sevens players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for South Africa
Commonwealth Games rugby sevens players for South Africa
Rugby sevens players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic rugby sevens players for South Africa
Olympic bronze medalists for South Africa
Olympic medalists in rugby sevens
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games medallists in rugby sevens
Western Province (rugby union) players
World Games gold medalists
Competitors at the 2013 World Games
Stade Toulousain players
Sharks (rugby union) players
Sharks (Currie Cup) players
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games |
```groff
.\" $OpenBSD: vge.4,v 1.23 2021/09/08 20:29:21 jmc Exp $
.\" $FreeBSD: vge.4,v 1.6 2004/11/24 19:06:43 brueffer Exp $
.\"
.\" Bill Paul <wpaul@windriver.com>. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Bill Paul AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Bill Paul OR THE VOICES IN HIS HEAD
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
.\" THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: September 8 2021 $
.Dt VGE 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm vge
.Nd VIA Velocity 10/100/1Gb Ethernet device
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "vge* at pci?"
.Cd "ciphy* at mii?"
.Cd "ipgphy* at mii?"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
driver provides support for various NICs and embedded Ethernet interfaces
based on the VIA Networking Technologies VT6120, VT6122, VT6130 and VT6132
Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including the following:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)
.It
ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)
.El
.Pp
The VT6120/VT6122 is a 33/66MHz 64-bit PCI device which combines a tri-speed
MAC with an integrated 10/100/1000 copper PHY.
(Some older cards use an external PHY.)
The VT6130/VT6132 is the PCI Express version.
The MAC supports IPv4 transmit/receive IP/TCP/UDP checksum offload,
VLAN tag insertion and stripping, a 64-entry CAM filter and a 64-entry
VLAN filter, 64-bit multicast hash filter, 4 separate transmit DMA
queues, flow control and jumbo frames (not on VT6130/VT6132).
The Velocity family has a 16K receive FIFO and 48K transmit FIFO.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver takes advantage of the IPv4 transmit/receive IP/TCP/UDP checksum
offload, VLAN tag insertion and stripping, and the CAM filter support.
The CAM filter is used for multicast address filtering to provide
64 perfect multicast address filter support.
If it is necessary for the interface to join more than 64 multicast
groups, the driver will switch over to using the hash filter.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver supports the following media types:
.Bl -tag -width 10baseTXUTP
.It Cm autoselect
Enable autoselection of the media type and options.
The user can manually override the autoselected mode by adding media
options to the appropriate
.Xr hostname.if 5
file.
.It Cm 10baseT/UTP
Set 10Mbps operation.
The
.Xr ifconfig 8
.Ic mediaopt
option can also be used to select either
.Cm full-duplex
or
.Cm half-duplex
modes.
.It Cm 100baseTX
Set 100Mbps (Fast Ethernet) operation.
The
.Xr ifconfig 8
.Ic mediaopt
option can also be used to select either
.Cm full-duplex
or
.Cm half-duplex
modes.
.It Cm 1000baseT
Set 1000baseT operation over twisted pair.
Both
.Cm full-duplex
and
.Cm half-duplex
modes are supported.
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver supports the following media options:
.Bl -tag -width full-duplex
.It Cm full-duplex
Force full duplex operation.
.It Cm half-duplex
Force half duplex operation.
.El
.Pp
For more information on configuring this device, see
.Xr ifconfig 8 .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr arp 4 ,
.Xr ciphy 4 ,
.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
.Xr intro 4 ,
.Xr ipgphy 4 ,
.Xr netintro 4 ,
.Xr pci 4 ,
.Xr hostname.if 5 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
device driver first appeared in
.Ox 3.7 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
driver was written by
.An Bill Paul Aq Mt wpaul@windriver.com
and ported to
.Ox
by
.An Peter Valchev Aq Mt pvalchev@openbsd.org .
``` |
Emma Sheerin (born 1991/92) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician from Draperstown, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Since 2018 she has been MLA for Mid Ulster.
Background
Sheerin is a native of Ballinascreen where she attended St Colm's High School. She then proceeded to Queen's University, Belfast where she obtained a degree in Politics.
Political career
For several years, Sheerin was a member of and Sinn Féin's Cúige Uladh Officer Board and the Ard Chomhairle.
Aged 26, she was selected to take Ian Milne's seat in the Northern Ireland Assembly for Mid Ulster. She was later named as Equality Spokesperson.
Personal life
Sheerin lives in Ballinascreen.
References
External links
Living people
Northern Ireland MLAs 2017–2022
Politicians from County Londonderry
Female members of the Northern Ireland Assembly
Sinn Féin MLAs
1991 births
Northern Ireland MLAs 2022–2027
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast |
Jonathan Townley Crane (June 18, 1819 – February 16, 1880) was an American clergyman, author and abolitionist. He was born in Connecticut Farms, in Union Township, New Jersey, and is most widely known as the father of writer Stephen Crane.
Early years
Crane was the son of William Crane (1778-1830) and Sarah Townley (1776-1830), who both died when he was 13 years old. He was subsequently apprenticed to a trunk maker in Newark. Although raised in the Congregational church, he rejected its deterministic teachings. Accidentally, in 1838, he wandered into a Revival meeting, and was converted to Methodism.
Education
He graduated from the Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey in 1843 and in 1844 was licensed to preach, after which he was admitted to the New Jersey Annual conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1845. Dickinson College conferred upon him the Doctorate of Divinity in 1856.
Career
Throughout his career as an educator, pastor and writer, Crane was active in local temperance movements, and strongly supported abolitionist causes.
Ministry
In 1846, he was stationed as pastor at Hope Township, Warren County, New Jersey, and in 1847 at Belvidere, New Jersey. In 1848–49, he was the pastor at Orange, New Jersey, and in June 1849, was elected principal of the Conference school and seminary at Pennington, New Jersey, the post from which he resigned in 1858 to become pastor of Trinity Church in Jersey City, New Jersey. From 1863 to 1865, he was the pastor of another large and important church, the Methodist Episcopal Church in Morristown, New Jersey. In 1868–72, he was the presiding elder of the Newark, New Jersey district, during which time his son Stephen was born. Crane was a delegate to the General conferences of 1860, 1864, 1868, and 1872 while he was the elder of the Newark (1868-1872) and Elizabeth districts (1872–76). He rejected the mid-19th century Holiness Movement of Christian perfection as unattainable and unreasonable; Crane's opposition subsequently limited his advancement as an administrator in the Methodist Episcopal denomination and drew the wrath of his father-in-law, Bishop George Peck. After his administrative career ended, he returned to parish work, serving at Cross Street Church in Paterson, New Jersey, and then to Drew Methodist Episcopal Church in Port Jervis, New York.
Writer
As a religious writer, his contributions appeared largely in the periodical literature of his denomination. Most notably, he wrote "Essay on Dancing" (1848) in which he expounded its evils; despite his own personal lack of experience with dancing, he claimed he understood its evils. His books, The Right Way, or Practical Lectures on the Decalogue (1853) and Popular Amusements (1869), in which he described how even the most apparently innocent amusements led people into sin were aimed at juvenile audiences. In Arts of Intoxication (1870), he wrote against alcoholic beverages of any kind and advocated temperance. He also wrote theological tracts Holiness, the Birthright of all God's Children (1874) and Methodism and its Methods (1875).
Crane's literary works traditionally have been used as a foil for his son's urban grittiness, but more recent scholarship posits his writing as a critique of nineteenth century social failures to address problems of poverty, disease, education, and employment. In his "Christ and the Painters", which was published in the Sunday School Times in 1877, he criticized the sentimental piety of contemporary painters who depicted Jesus blessing a clutch of rosy cheeked children; such "specimens of infantile innocence and grace" as were portrayed in these paintings were "perhaps just such a lot of little wretches as the modern traveler in that same region sees crawling out of their mud huts, dirty, unkempt, ragged, or without even a rag, to stare at him with their sore eyes." He rejected his contemporaries overly simplistic sentimentality that desensitized people to the real and abject problems of their fellow beings. The poison of sectionalism, he further explained in Methodism and its Methods, had distracted Christians from the real work of the Gospel, which was the Word.
Educator
While presiding elder of the Newark District, Crane helped to found the Centenary Collegiate Institute, now known as Centenary University, in Hackettstown, New Jersey, in 1867, which was originally a coeducational preparatory school for girls. Both of his daughters attended the school, and his son Edmund was a librarian there. He also founded a school in Port Jervis to serve the African American population; one of his daughters taught there for several years. He was also involved in the founding of the Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association in 1869.
Crane died in Port Jervis on February 16, 1880, and was buried at Evergreen Cemetery.
Family
Mary Helen Peck (1827-1891), wife; married 1848. She was the daughter of an itinerant Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania clergyman, George Peck, who, at the time, was also the editor of the Methodist Quarterly Review. Like her husband, Mary Helen Peck was an ardent abolitionist and an even more ardent member of the temperance movement. They had fourteen children, although only nine survived into adulthood. After her husband's death, she moved to the predominantly Methodist Episcopal community at Asbury Park, New Jersey, where she bought a small cottage, Arbutus Cottage.
William Crane (1778-1830), father
Sarah Townley mother; descendant of Colonel Richard Townley
Joseph Crane; grandfather, brother of General William Crane who was the father of Ichabod Crane.
Stephen Crane (1709-1780), great-grandfather. Member of First Continental Congress.
Children
Mary Helen Crane (1849–1933), wrote children stories for Frank Leslie's Illustrated Gazette
George Peck Crane (1850–1903), Postal Service employee, railroad employee.
Jonathan Townley Crane, Jr. (1853–1908), known as "Townley". Reporter in Asbury Park, New Jersey.
William Howe Crane (1854–1926), attended Centenary, graduated from Albany Law, had an independent law practice in Port Jervis, New York.
Agnes Elizabeth Crane (1856–1884), teacher.
Edmund Brian Crane (1857–1922).
Wilbur Fiske Crane (1858–1918), known as "Burt".
Luther Peck Crane (1863–1886), flagman and brakeman for Erie Railroad; fell under the wheels of an ongoing train when a round rock turned and threw him down on the rails.
Stephen Crane (1871–1900), journalist, poet, novelist, author of The Red Badge of Courage.
Crane's contemporary published work
The Art of Intoxication: Its Aims and Results, University of Michigan Library, Ann Arbor, MI 2006,
Popular Amusements, University of Michigan Library, Ann Arbor, MI 2006,
Citations
American Methodist clergy
People from Union Township, Union County, New Jersey
People from Warren County, New Jersey
American evangelicals
1819 births
1880 deaths
Princeton Theological Seminary alumni
19th-century Methodists
19th-century American clergy
Crane family of New Jersey
Methodist abolitionists
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery (Hillside, New Jersey) |
Fahrenheit 9/11 is a 2004 American documentary film directed, written by, and starring filmmaker, director, political commentator and activist Michael Moore. The subjects of the film are the presidency of George W. Bush, the Iraq War, and the media's coverage of the war. In the film, Moore claims that American corporate media were cheerleaders for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and did not provide an accurate or objective analysis of the rationale for the war and the resulting casualties there.
The title of the film alludes to Ray Bradbury's 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451, a dystopian view of the future United States, drawing an analogy between the autoignition temperature of paper and the date of the September 11 attacks; one of the film's taglines was "The Temperature at Which Freedom Burns".
The film debuted at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where it was awarded the Palme d'Or, the festival's highest award. It received generally positive reviews from critics, but it also generated intense controversy, particularly including disputes over its accuracy. The film became the highest-grossing documentary of all time (later surpassed by Michael Jackson's This Is It), grossing over $220 million. A follow-up, titled Fahrenheit 11/9, about the presidency of Donald Trump, was released in September 2018.
Synopsis
The documentary begins by suggesting that friends and political allies of George W. Bush at Fox News Channel tilted the election of 2000 by prematurely declaring Bush the winner. It then suggests that the handling of the voting controversy in Florida constituted election fraud.
The documentary then segues into the September 11 attacks of 2001. Moore says Bush was informed of the first plane hitting the World Trade Center on his way to an elementary school in Florida. Bush is then shown sitting in an Emma E. Booker Elementary School classroom with children. When told that a second plane has crashed into the World Trade Center and that the nation is "under attack", Bush allows the students to finish their book reading, and Moore notes that he continued reading The Pet Goat for nearly seven minutes.
Moore then discusses the complex relationships between the U.S. government and the Bush family; and between the bin Laden family, the Saudi Arabian government, and the Taliban, which span over three decades. Moore then states that the United States government evacuated 24 members of the bin Laden family on a secret flight shortly after the attacks, without subjecting them to any form of interrogation.
Moore moves on to examine George W. Bush's Texas Air National Guard service record. Moore contends that Bush's dry-hole oil well attempts were partially funded by the Saudis and by the bin Laden family through the intermediary of James R. Bath, whose name is shown to have been blacked out from Bush's records. Moore alleges that these conflicts of interest suggest that the Bush administration does not serve the interests of Americans. The movie continues by suggesting ulterior motives for the War in Afghanistan, including a natural gas pipeline through Afghanistan to the Indian Ocean.
Moore alleges that the Bush administration induced a climate of fear among the American population through the mass media. Moore then describes purported anti-terror efforts, including government infiltration of pacifist groups and other events, and the signing of the USA PATRIOT Act.
The documentary then turns to the subject of the Iraq War, comparing the lives of the Iraqis before and after the invasion. The citizens of Iraq are portrayed as living relatively happy lives prior to the country's invasion by the U.S. Armed Forces. The film also takes pains to demonstrate war cheerleading in the U.S. media and general bias of journalists, with quotes from news organizations and embedded journalists. Moore suggests that atrocities will occur in Iraq and shows footage depicting U.S. abuse of prisoners.
Later in the film, Lila Lipscomb appears with her family after hearing of the death of her son, Sgt. Michael Pedersen, who was killed on April 2, 2003, in Karbala. Anguished and tearful, she begins to question the purpose of the war.
Tying together several themes and points, Moore compliments those serving in the U.S. military. He claims that the working class of America are always the first to join the Army, so that the people better off do not have to join. He states that those valuable troops should not be sent to risk their lives unless it is necessary to defend America. The credits roll while Neil Young's "Rockin' in the Free World" plays. (Moore had originally intended to use the Who's "Won't Get Fooled Again" but was denied permission by Pete Townshend).
Moore dedicated the film to his friend who was killed in the World Trade Center attacks and to those servicemen and women from Flint, Michigan that have been killed in Iraq: "Michael Pedersen, Brett Petriken and all the soldiers from the Flint area who have died in the Iraq War ... Bill Weems and the 2973 who died on 9/11/01 ... and the countless thousands who have died in Afghanistan and Iraq as a result of our actions."
Production
Originally planned to be financed by Mel Gibson's Icon Productions (which planned to give Michael Moore eight figures in upfront cash and potential backend),
Fahrenheit 9/11 was later picked up by Miramax Films and Wild Bunch in May 2003 after Icon Productions had abruptly dropped the financing deal it made. Miramax had earlier distributed another film for Moore, The Big One, in 1997.
At that time, Disney was the parent company of Miramax. According to the book DisneyWar, Disney executives did not know that Miramax agreed to finance the film until they saw a posting on the Drudge Report. Michael Eisner (the CEO of Disney at that time) called Harvey Weinstein (co-chairman of Miramax at that time) and ordered him to drop the film. In addition, Disney sent two letters to Weinstein demanding Miramax drop the film. Weinstein felt Disney had no right to block the releasing of Fahrenheit 9/11 since the film's $6 million budget was well below the level at which Miramax needed to seek Disney's approval, and it would not be rated NC-17. But Weinstein was in contract negotiations with Disney, so he offered a compromise that he would drop the film if Disney did not like it. Disney responded by having Peter Murphy send Weinstein a letter stating that the film's $6 million budget was only a bridge financing and Miramax would sell off its interest in the movie to get those $6 million back; according to the same letter, Miramax was also expected to publicly state that it would not release the film.
After Fahrenheit 9/11 was nearly finished, Miramax held several preview screenings; they were "testing through the roof". Weinstein informed Eisner that Fahrenheit 9/11 was finished, and Eisner was surprised by the fact that Miramax had continued making the film. Weinstein asked several Disney executives (including Eisner) to watch the film, but all declined; Disney stated again that Miramax would not release the film, and Disney also accused Weinstein of hiding Fahrenheit 9/11 by keeping it off production reports. Disney sent production vice President Brad Epstein to watch Fahrenheit 9/11 on April 24, 2004. According to Weinstein, Epstein said he liked the film; but according to the report Epstein sent to the Walt Disney Company board of directors, Epstein clearly criticized it. Eisner told Weinstein that Disney's board decided not to allow Miramax to release the film. Weinstein was furious and he asked George J. Mitchell (chairman of Disney at that time) to see the film, but Mitchell declined. Weinstein asked lawyer David Boies to help find a solution; the Weinsteins and Moore had also hired Chris Lehane to consult on the film's release strategies. Lehane suggested to reveal Disney's decision to The New York Times.
The New York Times reported about Disney's decision on May 5, 2004. Disney stated that both Moore's agent (Ari Emanuel) and Miramax were advised in May 2003 that Miramax would not be permitted to distribute the film. Disney representatives said Disney had the right to veto any Miramax film if it appeared that its distribution would be counterproductive to the interests of the company; indeed, Disney had blocked Miramax from releasing two films before: Kids and Dogma.
Because of these difficulties, distribution was first secured in numerous countries outside the U.S. On May 28, 2004, after more than a week of talks, Disney announced that Miramax film studio founders Harvey and Bob Weinstein had personally acquired the rights to the documentary after Disney declined to distribute it. The Weinsteins agreed to repay Disney for all costs to that point, estimated at around $6 million. They also agreed to be responsible for all costs to finish the film and all marketing costs not paid by any third-party film distributors. A settlement between the Weinsteins and Disney was also reached so that 60% of the film's profit would be donated to charity.
The Weinsteins established Fellowship Adventure Group to handle the distribution of this film. Fellowship Adventure Group joined forces with Lions Gate Entertainment (which had released two other Miramax-financed films O and Dogma) and IFC Films to release it in the United States theatrically. (Fellowship Adventure Group also handled the film's U.S. home video distribution through Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment). Moore stated that he was "grateful to them now that everyone who wants to see it will now have the chance to do so.
After being informed that the film had been given an R rating by the Motion Picture Association of America, Moore appealed the decision, hoping to obtain a PG-13 rating instead. Moore's lawyer, former Governor of New York, Mario Cuomo, was not allowed to attend the hearing. The appeal was denied on June 22, 2004, and Cuomo contended that it was because he had been banned from the hearing. Some theaters chose to defy the MPAA and allow unchaperoned teenagers to attend screenings.
Release
The film was released theatrically by The Fellowship Adventure Group through a distribution arrangement with Lions Gate Entertainment. On its opening weekend of June 25–27, 2004, the film generated box-office revenues of $23.9 million in the United States and Canada, making it the weekend's top-grossing film. Its opening weekend earned more than the entire U.S. theatrical run of any other feature-length documentary (including Moore's previous film, Bowling for Columbine). The film was released in the United Kingdom on July 2, 2004 and in France on July 7, 2004.
Moore credited part of the theatrical success to the efforts of conservative groups to pressure theaters not to run the film, conjecturing that these efforts backfired by creating publicity. There were also efforts by liberal groups such as MoveOn.org (who helped promote the film) to encourage attendance in order to defy their political opponents' contrary efforts.
Fahrenheit 9/11 was screened in a number of Middle Eastern countries, including the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, and Egypt, but was immediately banned in Kuwait. "We have a law that prohibits insulting friendly nations", said Abdul-Aziz Bou Dastour of the Kuwaiti Information Ministry. The film was not shown in Saudi Arabia as public movie theaters were not permitted from 1983 until 2017. The Saudi ruling elite subsequently launched an advertising campaign spanning nineteen US cities to counter criticism partly raised in the film. Democratic members of the Coalition Provisional Authority in U.S.-occupied Iraq had the film screened at the Republican Palace in Baghdad.
In Cuba, bootlegged versions of the film were shown in 120 theaters, followed by a prime-time television broadcast by the leading state-run network. It had been widely reported that this might affect its Oscar eligibility, since the film was broadcast on television less than nine months after its theatrical release. However, soon after that story had been published, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences issued a statement denying this, saying, "If it was pirated or stolen or unauthorized we would not blame the producer or distributor for that". In addition, Wild Bunch, the film's overseas distributor for Cuba, issued a statement denying a television deal had been struck with Cuban Television. The issue became moot, however, when Moore decided to forgo Oscar eligibility in favor of a pay-per-view televising of the film on November 1, 2004.
Critical reception
The film was received positively by critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 82% based on 237 reviews, with an average rating of 7.33/10. The site's critics' consensus reads: "Extremely one-sided in its indictment of the Bush administration, but worth watching for the humor and the debates it'll stir." It also received a score of 67 (generally favorable) on Metacritic, based on 43 reviews.
Film critic Roger Ebert, who gave the documentary three and a half stars out of four, said that the film "is less an exposé of George W. Bush than a dramatization of what Moore sees as a failed and dangerous presidency", and added: "Moore brings a fresh impact to familiar material by the way he marshals his images".
Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal described the film as "rambling, troubling and sometimes rousing", and wrote: "At its best, "Fahrenheit 9/11" is an impressionist burlesque of contemporary American politics that culminates in a somber lament for lives lost in Iraq. But the good stuff—and there's some extremely good stuff—keeps getting tainted by Mr. Moore's poison-camera penchant for drawing dark inferences from dubious evidence."
Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Michael Moore's anti-Bush polemic gave millions of frustrated liberals exactly what they needed to hear in 2004—and infuriated just about everyone else. Along the way, it became the highest-grossing documentary of all time."
Commercial performance
Grossing over $222 million total worldwide, the film is the highest grossing documentary of all time, according to Box Office Mojo. The film had a general release in the United States and Canada on June 23, 2004. It has since been released in 42 more countries. On Al-Jazeera in August 2012, Moore claimed the movie "grossed about half a billion dollars" worldwide. It was the highest-grossing film released by Lionsgate until it was surpassed by The Hunger Games in 2012.
Home media
Fahrenheit 9/11 was released to DVD and VHS on October 5, 2004, an unusually short turnaround time after theatrical release. In the first days of the release, the film broke records for the highest-selling documentary ever. About two million copies were sold on the first day, most of which (1.4 million) were sold as rentals.
A companion book, The Official Fahrenheit 9/11 Reader, was released at the same time. It contains the complete screenplay, documentation of Moore's sources, audience e-mails about the film, film reviews, and articles.
Initial television presentations
The two-hour film was planned to be shown as part of the three-hour "The Michael Moore Pre-Election Special" on iN DEMAND, but iN DEMAND backed out in mid-October. Moore later arranged for simultaneous broadcasts on November 1, 2004 at 8:00 p.m. (EST) on Dish Network, TVN, and the Cinema Now website and material prepared for "The Michael Moore Pre-Election Special" was incorporated into "Fahrenheit 9/11: A Movement in Time", which aired that same week on The Independent Film Channel.
The movie was also shown on basic cable television in Germany and Austria on November 1, 2004 and November 2, 2004. In the UK, the film was shown on Channel 4 on January 27, 2005. In Hungary, it was shown on RTL Klub, a commercial channel, on September 10, 2005, on m1, one of the national channels, on August 13, 2006, on m2, the other national channel, on September 1, 2006. In Denmark, it was shown on Danmarks Radio (normally referred to as just DR), which is Denmark's national broadcasting corporation, on April 11, 2006. In Norway, it was shown on NRK, the national broadcasting corporation, on August 27, 2006. The film was screened in New Zealand on September 9, 2006 on TV ONE, a channel of TVNZ. The next day, the Dutch network Nederland 3 aired the film. In Belgium, it was shown on Kanaal 2 on October 12, 2006. In Brazil, it aired on October 10, 2008 on TV Cultura, the São Paulo public broadcasting network.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack to Fahrenheit 9/11 was released on October 5, 2004 by Rhino Entertainment.
Track listing
Awards
Palme d'Or
In April 2004, the film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 57th Cannes Film Festival. After its first showing in Cannes in May 2004, the film received a 15–20 minute standing ovation; Harvey Weinstein, whose Miramax Films funded the film, said, "It was the longest standing ovation I've seen in over 25 years".
On May 22, 2004, the film was awarded the Palme d'Or. It was the first documentary to win that award since Jacques Cousteau's and Louis Malle's The Silent World in 1956. Just as his much publicized Oscar acceptance speech, Moore's speech in Cannes included some political statements:
I have a sneaking suspicion that what you have done here and the response from everyone at the festival, you will assure that the American people will see this film. I can't thank you enough for that. You've put a huge light on this and many people want the truth and many want to put it in the closet, just walk away. There was a great Republican president who once said, if you just give the people the truth, the Republicans, the Americans will be saved. […] I dedicate this Palme d'Or to my daughter, to the children of Americans and to Iraq and to all those in the world who suffer from our actions.
Some conservatives in the United States, such as Jon Alvarez of FireHollywood, commented that such an award could be expected from the French. Moore had remarked only days earlier that: "I fully expect the Fox News Channel and other right-wing media to portray this as an award from the French. […] There was only one French citizen on the jury. Four out of nine were American. […] This is not a French award, it was given by an international jury dominated by Americans." The jury was made up of four North Americans (one of them born in Haiti), four Europeans, and one Asian.
He also responded to suggestions that the award was political: "Quentin [Tarantino] whispered in my ear, 'We want you to know that it was not the politics of your film that won you this award. We are not here to give a political award. Some of us have no politics. We awarded the art of cinema, that is what won you this award and we wanted you to know that as a fellow filmmaker.'" In comments to the prize-winning jury in 2005, Cannes director Gilles Jacob said that panels should make their decision based on filmmaking rather than politics. He expressed his opinion that though Moore's talent was not in doubt, "it was a question of a satirical tract that was awarded a prize more for political than cinematographic reasons, no matter what the jury said". Interviewed about the decision four years later, Tarantino responded: "As time has gone on, I have put that decision under a microscope and I still think we were right. That was a movie of the moment – Fahrenheit 9/11 may not play the same way now as it did then, but back then it deserved everything it got."
People's Choice Award
The film won additional awards after its release, such as the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture, an unprecedented honor for a documentary.
Golden Raspberry Awards
Nine months after Fahrenheit 9/11 received the Palme d'Or, George W. Bush, Donald Rumsfeld, and Condoleezza Rice won the Worst Actor, Worst Supporting Actor, and Worst Screen Couple (Bush/Rice) at the 25th Golden Raspberry Awards ("Razzies") because of their mishandling of the 9/11 attacks and the Iraq War. Britney Spears, who appeared in the film in a pre-recorded interview where she expressed her support for Bush, won the Golden Raspberry for Worst Supporting Actress.
Controversies
The film generated criticism and controversy after its release shortly before the 2004 United States presidential election. British-American journalist and literary critic Christopher Hitchens contended that Fahrenheit 9/11 contains distortions and untruths. This drew several rebuttals, including an eFilmCritic article and a Columbus Free Press editorial. Former Democratic mayor of New York City Ed Koch, who had endorsed President Bush for re-election, called the film propaganda "for its many blatant lies".
Moore's expectations for the 2004 presidential election
The film was released in June 2004, less than five months before the 2004 presidential election. Michael Moore, while not endorsing presidential candidate John Kerry, stated in interviews that he hoped "to see Mr. Bush removed from the White House". He also said that he hoped his film would influence the election: "This may be the first time a film has this kind of impact". However, some political analysts did not expect it to have a significant effect on the election. One Republican strategist stated that Moore "communicates to that far-left sliver that would never vote for Bush", and Jack Pitney, a government professor at Claremont McKenna College, suspected that the main effect of the film would be to "turn Bush-haters into bigger Bush-haters". Regardless of whether the film would change the minds of many voters, Moore stated his intention to use it as an organizing tool, and hoped that it would energize those who wanted to see Bush defeated in 2004, increasing voter turnout. Notwithstanding the film's influence and commercial success, George W. Bush was re-elected in 2004.
Because Moore had opted to have it played on television prior to the 2004 election, the film was ruled ineligible to compete for the Best Documentary Feature in the Academy Awards.
Lawsuit
In February 2011, Moore sued producers Bob and Harvey Weinstein for US$2.7 million in unpaid profits from the film, stating that they used "Hollywood accounting tricks" to avoid paying him the money. They responded that Moore had received US$20 million for the film and that "his claims are hogwash". Eventually, Bob and Harvey Weinstein reached a settlement with Moore for undisclosed amounts and terms.
Subsequent film
On September 6, 2018, Moore released a film entitled Fahrenheit 11/9 about the 2016 United States presidential election and the subsequent presidency of Donald Trump. The title is reference to the original film, with the date 9/11 being reversed to 11/9.
References
Further reading
On the financing of the film.
External links
Notes and sources at Moore's website
2004 documentary films
2004 films
Anti-war films
American documentary films
American independent films
Documentary films about American politics
Censored films
Documentary films about the September 11 attacks
2000 United States presidential election in Florida
Films about the 2000 United States presidential election
Films about the media
Films about George W. Bush
Films directed by Michael Moore
Films produced by Harvey Weinstein
Films shot in Iraq
Palme d'Or winners
2004 United States presidential election in popular culture
2004 independent films
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
Cultural depictions of George W. Bush
Lionsgate films
IFC Films films
Documentary films about the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Documentary films about the Iraq War
Documentary films about American politicians
Documentary films about elections in the United States
Documentary films about the media
Film controversies in the United States
Political controversies in film
Political controversies in the United States
Obscenity controversies in film
Works subject to a lawsuit
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
Perla is an administrative capital of Enmakaje Panchayat, which is in Kasaragod district, Kerala, India.
State Highway 31 passes into the Perla Town, which connects Kalladka and Cherkala. It is easy to reach Mangalore via Vittal.
It is easy to reach towns like Vittal, Puthur, Uppala, Kumbla, Badiyadka, Mulleria
Geography
Perla is Panchayat headquarter of Enmakaje Panchayat. Perla town belongs to Enmakaje Panchayat. It is located in State Highway 31 connecting to Karnataka State Border.
The geographical coordinates of Perla are :12° 578' 0" North, 74° 98' 0" East.
Demographics
As of 2011 census, Perla (Enmakaje village) had a population of 13,230 with, 6,606 males and 6,624 females. The population of children in the age group of 0-6 is 1,348 (10.2% of total population). Perla had average literacy of 88 % lower than state average of 94 %. Male literacy stands at 92.9 % and Female literacy at 83.2 %.
People in Perla speak many languages including Malayalam, Tulu, Kannada.
Climate
Perla has a tropical climate. In most months of the year, there is significant rainfall in Perla. There is only a short dry season and it is not very effective. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Am. The average annual temperature in Perla is 25.1 °C. About 3820 mm of precipitation falls annually.
Economy
Arecanut is the chief agricultural product from this place. Other crops, are: Coconut, Rubber, Cashew and Cocoa. Beedi making (various brands) is the occupation of many families here. The Koraga tribal community living in Perla has its own colony. Beedi working is one of the source of Income for them.
Sports
Cricket and football are given major importance in Perla. Other major sports like volleyball, kabaddi, and badminton are also practiced in Perla.
Perla has some major sports clubs like Binny arts&sports club, sunny perla emirates sportings.
Perla school ground is one of the famous grounds in perla also bedrampalla ground is located about 4 km from town. It is horizontal, green and look like a stadium. Cricket and football tournaments are mainly held on SNHS ground Panchayath mini stadium is another most popular venue in Perla. Cricket and football are mainly practiced here.
Transportation
Perla is well connected to Kasaragod, Badiyadka, Kumbla, Uppala, in Kerala state and Puttur, Vittal, Mangalore in Karnataka state. Local roads have access to National Highway No.66 which connects to Mangalore in the north and Calicut in the south. The nearest railway station is Kumbla on Shoranur-Mangalore section of Southern railway. The nearest airport is at Mangalore.
Languages
This locality is an essentially multi-lingual region. The people speak Malayalam, Kannada, Tulu, Marathi, Beary, Konkani. Migrant workers also speak Hindi language.
Administration
This village is part of Manjeswaram assembly constituency which is again part of Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)
Educational organizations
Kasargod Medical College, Ukkinadka,Perla
Nalanda College of Arts and Science,
MALP School kannatikana- Perla
Sri Sathya Narayana High School
GHSS, Padre, Perla
SSHSS, Katukukke, Perla
SSHSS, Sheni, Perla
Sri vagdevi primary school nalka
See also
Kattathadka
Uppala
Kasaragod District
Ananthapura Lake Temple
Vittal
References
External links
Manjeshwar area |
Pekan is a federal constituency in Pekan District and Kuantan District, Pahang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959.
The federal constituency was created from parts of the Pahang Timor constituency in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Demographics
https://live.chinapress.com.my/ge15/parliament/PAHANG
History
Polling districts
According to the federal gazette issued on 31 October 2022, the Pekan constituency is divided into 56 polling districts.
Representation history
State constituency
Current state assembly members
Local governments
Election results
References
Pahang federal constituencies |
The Little Cedar Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Illinois
References
Devonian Iowa
Devonian Illinois
Devonian Missouri
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits |
The Frog River is a tributary of the Kechika River in Northern British Columbia, Canada.
The river originates from the Frog Lakes, and goes on to Dune Za Keyih Provincial Park and Protected Area, and acts as the border of the park for an extended area of land. The river then feeds into the Kechika River.
References
Rivers of British Columbia
Cassiar Land District |
James Julius Spilker Jr. (August 4, 1933 – September 24, 2019) was an American engineer and a consulting professor in the Aeronautics and Astronautics Department at Stanford University. He was one of the principal architects of the Global Positioning System (GPS). He was a co-founder of the space communications company Stanford Telecommunications, and was most recently executive chairman of AOSense Inc., Sunnyvale, CA.
Education
After graduating high school and working for awhile, Spilker began attending college at the College of Marin, a community college in Kentfield, California, primarily for financial reasons. Upon receiving scholarship aid from Stanford University and Hewlett-Packard, he was able to transfer to Stanford, which he attended for 5 years and received a B.S. degree in 1955, an M.S. degree in 1956, and a Ph.D. in 1958, all in Electrical Engineering. He also completed the Senior Management Program at UCLA in 1985.
Career
From 1958 to 1963, Spilker worked as a research supervisor at Lockheed Research Labs in Palo Alto, California, where he invented an optimal tracking device for spread-spectrum signals and devised technology to communicate with aircraft flying to/from Berlin when Russia blockaded Berlin.
In 1963 he became manager of the Communications Sciences Department of Ford Aerospace Corporation where he led and managed efforts on both satellite communications ground terminals and military communications satellite payloads for the first quasi-stationary communications satellites, and developed multiple access technologies for various satellite communications and became Director of Communications Systems.
In 1973 he co-founded Stanford Telecommunications Inc. (referred to as Stanford Telecom) with Marshall Fitzgerald and John Brownie. Stanford Telecom was the first of his three Silicon Valley startup companies, with three people and no VC funding. As the company's Executive Chairman, he grew the military satellite communications and GPS company to over 1,300 employees in 5 states when he sold it in 1999.
During Spilker's leadership at Stanford Telecommunications Inc., he also designed semiconductor ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits) for error correction, number-controlled oscillators, and quadrature amplitude modulation. Aviation Week and Space Technology in 1997 ranked Stanford Telecom as the #2 most competitive aerospace company in the world and top 100 fastest growing companies.
From 2001 until his death in 2019, Spilker was a consulting professor at Stanford University in the Electrical Engineering and Aeronautics and Astronautics Department. In 2005, Spilker co-founded the Stanford University Research Center for Position, Navigation and Time, which continues today and has an annual International Symposium at Stanford University with invited speakers from around the world.
In 2005, Spilker also co-founded AOSense Inc., an atomic physics company specializing in inertial navigation using cold atom interferometry. He was Executive Chairman at AOSense Inc.
He was also co-founder and chairman of Rosum, a high-tech company using digital and analog television signals for indoor positioning services and augmentation of GPS.
Spilker was a member of the Stanford University Engineering advisory board, a member of the University of Southern California (USC) Communication Sciences Institute, a member of the US Defense Science Board GPS Task Force, and the Air Force Space Command GPS Independent Review Team. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and a Life Fellow of the IEEE for the development of digital satellite communications and navigation systems.
Publications
Books
Digital Communications by Satellite, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 10 printings including 1 paperback.
GPS Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications. AIAA, co-editor with Bradford Parkinson, 1996. Author and co-author of 9 chapters in the book. The book won the AIAA Sommerfield Best Book Medal.
Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications. Wiley - IEEE Press, 2019. Editors: Y. Jade Morton, Frank van Diggelen, James Spilker, and Bradford Parkinson. Associate Editors: Sherman Lo, Grace Gao.
Major book chapter and technical papers
Evolution of Modern Digital Communications Security Technologies, in Science, Technology, and National Security, coauthor with Jim Omura, Paul Baran, Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences, 2002.
Spilker wrote over 100 technical papers for various IEEE and ION publications.
Honors
James Spilker was an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering (1998) and was inducted to the Air Force GPS Hall of Fame (2000) and the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame (2007). He was a Life Fellow of the IEEE and a Fellow of the Institute of Navigation (ION). As one of the originators of GPS, James Spilker shared in the Goddard Memorial Trophy (2012).
He won the Arthur Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 1987, the ION Kepler Award (the highest award of the ION) in 1999, the Burka Award in 2002, and the US Air Force Space Command Recognition Award for 9 years of service on GPS Independent Review Team in 2000. In 2015, he received the IEEE Edison Medal for contributions to the technology and implementation of the GPS civilian navigation system. In 2019, James Spilker shared the 2019 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering with three other GPS pioneers (Bradford Parkinson, Hugo Fruehauf, and Richard Schwartz).
In 2012, Spilker and his wife, Anna Marie Spilker, were recognized for their contributions by Stanford University, which dedicated the James and Anna Marie Spilker Engineering and Applied Sciences Building in their honor.
Personal life
James Spilker was married to Anna Marie Spilker, a licensed real estate broker and the founder and president of New Pacific Investments Inc. in the Silicon Valley. He died on September 24, 2019, at the age of 86.
References
2019 deaths
21st-century American engineers
People associated with the Global Positioning System
Stanford University faculty
1933 births
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
IEEE Edison Medal recipients |
Mentissella is a monotypic genus of gastropods belonging to the family Clausiliidae. The only species is Mentissella rebeli.
The species inhabits terrestrial environments.
References
Clausiliidae |
The 1997 Copa Libertadores final was a two-legged football match-up to determine the 1997 Copa Libertadores champion. It was contested by Peruvian club Sporting Cristal and Brazilian club Cruzeiro. The first leg was played on August 6 at Peru's National Stadium, with the second leg played on August 13 at Cruzeiro's venue, Mineirão in Belo Horizonte.
Cruzeiro and Sporting Cristal were in their 3rd and 1st Copa Libertadores finals, respectively. Cruzeiro's last appearance had been in 1977, in which they lost to Argentine club Boca Juniors.
Qualified teams
Venues
Rules
The final was played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulated the most points —three for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss— after the two legs was crowned champion. The away-goals rule was not used. In case both teams had finished tied on points after the second leg, the team with the best goal difference would have won. If the two teams had had equal goal difference, extra time would've been used. The extra time consisted of two 15-minute halves. If the tie was still not broken, a penalty shoot-out would ensue according to the Laws of the Game.
Route to the finals
Cruzeiro qualified to the 1997 Copa Libertadores as the champion team in the 1996 Brazilian Cup. Sporting Cristal qualified as 1996 Peruvian champions.
Group 4 of the First Stage
Both Cruzeiro and Sporting Cristal were drawn into Group 4, together with their compatriots Grêmio (1996 Brazilian champions) and Alianza Lima (1996 Peruvian championship 2nd place), respectively. Cruzeiro's first group match was against Grêmio in Belo Horizonte. Cruzeiro lost 2-1, with their goal scored by Aílton. Cristal's first group match was against their rivals Alianza, in Lima. The Peruvian teams tied by 0-0.
Cruzeiro second group match was on the road against Alianza Lima. The Brazilian team lost by 1-0. They stayed on the road to play Sporting Cristal. The Peruvian team won by 1-0, and Cruzeiro lost its third game in the tournament, with a few chances of classification to the next stage.
Sporting Cristal third group match was in its home ground too, now against Grêmio, and winning again by 1-0.
Cruzeiro fourth group match was against Grêmio, but this time in the rival's ground, in Porto Alegre. With the obligation of winning to keep the chance of classification alive, Cruzeiro made 1-0 with Palhinha and scored its first three point in the competition. On the same day, Sporting Cristal tied again by 1-1 against Alianza Lima.
The next two games Cruzeiro played at home. Alianza Lima visited first and lost the match 2-0, goals by Reinaldo and Palhinha. In Cruzeiro's last match of group play, they played host to Sporting Cristal, whom they beat 2-1, goals by Alex Mineiro and Reinaldo.
Sporting Cristal last group match was visiting Grêmio in Porto Alegre and losing by 2-0.
Cruzeiro and Sporting Cristal finished 2nd and 3rd, respectively, which advanced them to the Round of 16, together with Grêmio, who finished 1st.
Cruzeiro in the knockout stages
In the round of 16, they played against Ecuatorian club El Nacional. The first leg was played in Quito and Cruzeiro lost the match 1-0. Second leg, played at home, Cruzeiro won 2-1, with Marcelo Ramos scoring twice, sending the decision to the penalty shootout. In the penalty kicks, Cruzeiro won 5-3, advancing to the next stage.
Cruzeiro's quarterfinal match-up was against fellow Brazilian side Grêmio over again. The first leg, played at home, was won 2-0, goals by Alex Mineiro and Elivélton. The second leg, played in Porto Alegre, was lost 2-1, Fabinho scoring, with Cruzeiro advancing to the next stage by goal difference (3-2).
Cruzeiro's semifinal match-up was against Chilean club Colo-Colo. Cruzeiro won the first leg 1-0, goal scored by Marcelo Ramos, in Belo Horizonte. In Santiago lost 3-2, with Marcelo Ramos and Cleison scoring the goals, deciding again in the penalty kicks. In the penalty shootout Cruzeiro won 4-1, advancing to the Copa Libertadores final matches after 20 years.
As of the finals, Cruzeiro has an efficacy rating of 50% (6 wins, 6 loss).
Sporting Cristal in the knockout stages
In the round of 16, they played against Argentine club Vélez Sarsfield. The first leg was played home and the teams tied 0-0. Second leg, played away in Buenos Aires, Cristal surprisingly won 1-0, advancing to the next stage.
Sporting Cristal's quarterfinal match-up was against Bolivian club Bolívar. The first leg, played in La Paz, Cristal loss 2-1. But in the second leg, played home, the Peruvian squad won 3-0, advancing to the next stage by goal difference (4-2).
In the semifinals Sporting Cristal met another Argentine club, Racing Club. In the first leg, played in Avellaneda, Cristal loss 3-2. In the second leg, played home, Cristal won 4-1 and advanced to the next stage over again by goal difference (6-4). Was the best season of a Peruvian team in Copa Libertadores.
As of the finals, Sporting Cristal has an efficacy rating of 50% (5 wins, 3 draws, 4 loss).
Knockout stages summary
Final summary
First leg
Second leg
External links
CONMEBOL's official website
1
Copa Libertadores finals
Copa Libertadores final 1997
Copa Libertadores final 1997 |
"Oh Baby Don't You Weep" is a song recorded in 1964 by James Brown and The Famous Flames. Based upon the spiritual "Mary Don't You Weep", it was recorded as an extended-length track and released as the first two-part single of Brown's recording career. It peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at #4 on the Cash Box R&B Chart. (At the time of the single's release, Billboard's R&B singles chart had been temporarily suspended). It was the last original song featuring the Famous Flames to chart, not counting the 1964 re-release of "Please, Please, Please" and the 1966 B-side release of the Live at the Apollo performance of "I'll Go Crazy".
"Oh Baby, Don't You Weep" was originally issued with dubbed-in audience noise to simulate a live recording and added to the otherwise authentic live album Pure Dynamite: Live At The Royal. The song's last-minute addition to the album helped make it a hit, propelling it to #10 on the Billboard Pop Album chart.
Brown plays the role of the song's narrator, a man comforting a woman devastated by lost love:
The Famous Flames support Brown's lead vocal with gospel-inspired chants of "Oh baby, don't you weep". During the course of the song, the theme suddenly changes, as Brown sings of famous entertainers he has met in his travels ("I've got a lot of friends in my business"), and then begins to quote titles of songs recorded by them, such as Jackie Wilson ("You Better Stop Dogging Me Around"), Solomon Burke and Wilson Pickett ("If You Need Me....Call Me" and "It's Too Late"), Sam Cooke ("You Send Me") Ray Charles ("Born To Lose") and Famous Flames member Bobby Byrd's solo release ("I Found Out Now").
"Oh Baby Don't You Weep" was the last new recording Brown made for King Records for over a year. An incident during the recording session in which producer Gene Redd criticized Brown's piano playing as "musically incorrect" brought to a head his disagreements with label owner Syd Nathan and his staff. In response, Brown and Famous Flame Bobby Byrd formed a production company, Fair Deal Record Corporation, and accepted an offer from Mercury Records to release new recordings on their Smash subsidiary. With Brown gone, Nathan resorted to releasing rejected songs and outtakes from earlier recording sessions in the ensuing months. Eventually King's lawyers took the dispute to court and obtained a ruling preventing Brown from issuing his vocal recordings on other labels. In mid-1965 Brown returned to King to release the hit "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag". He continued to record instrumentals and produce records for other performers on Smash through 1967.
Despite its hit status, "Oh Baby Don't You Weep" has rarely been heard on radio or reissued since its original 1964 release. It appears on the Roots of a Revolution compilation album and CD in its originally recorded version without the dubbed-in crowd noise, and on the 2007 Hip-O Select release James Brown: The Singles Vol. 2. It inspired a cover version by Eddie Money.
Personnel
James Brown - lead vocal, piano
Bobby Byrd - backing vocals
Bobby Bennett - backing vocals
"Baby Lloyd" Stallworth – backing vocals
The James Brown Band - instrumentation
References
External links
AllMusic review
"Oh Baby Don't You Weep" - by James Brown & The Famous Flames-hear the song on YouTube
1964 singles
James Brown songs
The Famous Flames songs
1964 songs |
Stamford is a village in Delaware County, New York, United States. The population was 1,119 at the 2010 census. The village is located partly in the town of Stamford and partly in the town of Harpersfield. The village is on routes 23 and 10. The village has termed itself the "Queen of the Catskills".
History
The area was visited by farmers and trappers in the 18th century. The village was incorporated in 1870. By the early part of the 20th century Stamford reached its peak as a tourist area, mostly aided by the arrival of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad from Kingston in 1872. Passenger service lasted until March 31, 1954; freight service until September 28, 1976.
The Churchill Park Historic District and Erskine L. Seeley House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Stamford is located in northeastern Delaware County at (42.4116, -74.6189). The village is in the Catskill Mountains. The headwaters of the West Branch Delaware River passes through the center of the village and forms the boundary between the town of Harpersfield to the west and the town of Stamford to the east. Slightly more than half of the village is in the town of Stamford.
New York State Routes 10 and 23 intersect on the west side of the village. NY 10 leads north to Cobleskill and southwest to Delhi, while NY 23 leads west to Oneonta and east to Catskill.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Stamford has a total area of , of which , or 0.66%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,265 people, 496 households, and 290 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 621 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 97.55% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.63% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.64% of the population.
There were 496 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.5% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 26.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $30,664, and the median income for a family was $38,864. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $21,607 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,012. About 9.4% of families and 15.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.
Attractions
The village of Stamford is a stop on the Catskill Scenic Trail, a multi-use rail trail following the former route of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad. Catskill is also home of the Headwaters Trails. Overlooking Stamford on the east is Mount Utsayantha, which includes an observatory and a viewing tower. It is a popular destination for hang-gliding enthusiasts.
References
External links
Village of Stamford official website
Mount Utsayantha Photo Gallery
News, photos and opinion from "The Queen of the Catskills"
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Delaware County, New York |
Within the Rock is a 1996 American made-for-TV science fiction horror film directed by Gary J. Tunnicliffe. It starred Xander Berkeley, Brian Krause, and Duane Whitaker. It featured a cameo from former U.S. Marine Corps captain and technical advisor Dale Dye.
Plot
A group of space miners, supervised by Dr. Shaw, land on "Galileo's Child" (a large spherical asteroid about to hit the Earth), to pierce and undermine its structure in order to divert its trajectory. Thanks to a particular technology, astronauts can reproduce the Earth's atmosphere on the asteroid.
During the excavation in the rock, the body of a humanoid alien, apparently fossilized, is found in a mortuary to the wall of which a platinum plate weighing is affixed.
Ryan, the head of the drilling job, is thrilled with the payoff he and his men can make. Dr. Shaw, who rejects Ryan's sexual advances, is instead interested only in the scientific aspect of the discovery and in the success of the operation.
The unexpected awakening of the alien, which begins to claim victims among the crew, generates panic among the survivors, who organize themselves to be able to eliminate it. The most powerful explosive weapons do not seem to injure it, but in the end, thanks to common fire extinguishers and the large boring drill, the mission is completed, and the Earth saved.
Cast
Xander Berkeley as Ryan
Brian Krause as Luke Harrison
Duane Whitaker as Potter
Michael Zelniker as Archer
Caroline Barclay as Dr. Dana Shaw
Bradford Tatum as Cody Harrison
Barbara Patrick as Samantha 'Nuke-'em' Rogers
Calvin Levels as Banton
Earl Boen as Michael Isaacs
Brioni Farrell as Agent Berger
Dale Dye as General Hurst
Release
Home media
The film was released on DVD by Image Entertainment on August 17, 1999. It was later released by Mill Creek Entertainment on May 10, 2011 as a part of a triple-feature with Phantom of the Opera (1998), and The Fear 2.
Reception
TV Guide awarded the film 2/5 stars, writing, "Although professionally done on every level, this entry in the endless string of ALIEN (1979) knockoffs contains little to set itself apart."
References
External links
1996 films
1996 independent films
1990s American films
1990s science fiction horror films
1990s monster movies
American horror television films
American monster movies
American science fiction horror films
American science fiction television films
Films directed by Gary J. Tunnicliffe
Films set in 2019
1990s English-language films |
FUB-PB-22 (QUFUBIC) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug.
Pharmacology
FUB-PB-22 acts as a full agonist with a binding affinity of 0.386nM at CB1 and 0.478nM at CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
Legal status
FUB-PB-22 is an Anlage II controlled substance in Germany. It was scheduled in Japan in July 2014.
As of October 2015 FUB-PB-22 is a controlled substance in China.
It is also banned in Sweden.
See also
2F-QMPSB
5F-PB-22
AM-2201
BB-22
FUB-JWH-018
AB-FUBINACA
ADB-FUBINACA
AMB-FUBINACA
FDU-PB-22
FUB-144
FUB-APINACA
MDMB-FUBICA
MDMB-FUBINACA
PB-22
References
Cannabinoids
Designer drugs
Fluoroarenes
Indolecarboxylates |
Guler was a small precolonial Indian hill state in the Lower Himalayas. Its capital was the town of Haripur Guler, in modern-day Himachal Pradesh. The kingdom was founded in 1415 by Raja Hari Chand, a scion of the ancient royal family of Kangra. The etymology of the word Guler can be traced to the word Gwalior, meaning the abode of cowherds. One of the foremost schools of Pahari miniatures is named after this small principality.
Guler State is famous as the birthplace of Kangra painting in the first half of the 18th century when a family of Kashmiri painters trained in Mughal painting sought shelter at the court of Raja Dalip Singh (r. 1695–1741) of Guler. The rise of Guler Paintings or Guler style started in what is known as the early phase of Kangra art.
History
Early history
According to legends, the Guler state was founded at an uncertain date between 1405 and 1450 by Raja Hari Chand. One fateful day, he fell into a dry well while hunting. Since no one could find him, the Raja was presumed dead and his brother was then named the Raja of Kangra State. When Raja Hari Chand was eventually brought back alive from the well, instead of fighting for his rights to the throne, he founded the town of Haripur on the valley below the fort by the Banganga River.
Sikh Empire and British Raj
In 1813, Guler state was annexed by the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Bhup Singh (1765 - 1826) was the last ruling king. He was given a Jagir in Nandpur by Ranjit Singh in 1826. The Jagir was recognized by the British government in 1853. In 1877, his son Shamsher Singh died without male heirs and the state lapsed.
Rulers
A list of rulers of the Guler state who formerly bore the title Mian and later 'Raja'.
Rajas
1247- 1267. Hari Chander
1271- 1292. Gun Chand
1293- 1310. Udhan Chander
1310 - 1333. Swaran Chand
1333- 1347. Gyan Chander
1348 - 1367. Narender Chander
1367 - 1389. Udhen Chander
1389 - 1414. Rattan Chander
1415 - 1433. Garud Chander
1433 - 1438. Gambhir Chand
1448 - 1464. Abhay Chander
1464 - 1471. Uttam Chander
1481 - 1503. Prithvi Chander
1503 - 1526 Karan Chander
1526 – 1550 Ram Chand (Fifteenth ruler)
1550 – Jagdish Chand
1568 - Rup Chand
1635 – 1661 Man Singh
1661 – 1675 Vikram Singh
1685 – 1695 Raja Gopal Singh (also known as 'Raja Raj Singh')
1695 – 1741 Dalip Singh (b. 1688 – d. 1741)
1695 – 1705 Bilas Devi (f) -Regent
1730 – 1741 Govardhan Singh -Regent (b. 1713 – d. 1773)
1773 – 1790 Prakash Singh (b. 1748 – d. 1820)
1790 – 1813 Bhup Singh (b. 1765 – d. 1826)
Guler paintings
The Mughals had a considerable impact on the socio-cultural and political sphere of the hilly areas. The Mughal influence provided an important impetus to the development of the Guler School, as the rulers started to take an active interest in promoting and patronizing art as the Mughals did. According to recent research works, the tradition of painting was already present in the second half of the 17th Century in the Pahari areas of Basohli, Chamba, and Nurpur. This period saw monochrome drawings and the prevalence of warm primary colours used by the painters. These paintings however lacked the fine, intricate details seen in Mughal miniatures.
In Dilparanjani, one of the verses mentions the name of Rajguru Dinamani Raina, one of the painters of Guler, along with Chaturbhuj Purohit, one of the royal preceptors famous for his knowledge of mythological texts. Contemporary portraits of both these figures are known and have been catalogued. The Kashmiri painters, who earlier enjoyed prestigious positions under the Mughals, were dispossessed after the ascendancy of Aurangzeb and were forced to migrate in search of patronage from the Rajput rulers. Accordingly, a family of Kashmiri painters, Hasnu and his sons Seu, Billu (Billand) and Raghu, settled at Guler towards the last phase of the 17th Century and introduced a new style of painting that was characterised by a high degree of naturalism in addition to the Mughal conventions which these painters brought with them. This family having set up a workshop at Guler, began working in the court. An inscription in Guler bahi at Haridwar mentions this lineage as 'vamsa h ka', and even later Pandit Seu's son Nainsukh had identified Hasnu as his grandfather in a detailed bahi-entry written by him, at Haridwar in 1763. Bahis are records maintained by priests at Hindu worship sites of the pilgrims visiting these places for ceremonies, etc. While Manaku is said to have noted the earliest inscription of this painter-family at a bahi in Haridwar, where in 1736, he along with his cousins wrote the entry in the Takri script identifying the group as 'vasi Guler ke'''. Manaku was Seu's eldest son. Later, while Manaku worked at Guler, Nainsukh migrated to Jasrota court, and in his oeuvre that flourished under the patronage of Raja Balwant Singh, the Guler paintings reached their state of maturity and creative finessee.
The portraits of the Guler school show close proximity with those of the Mughal school, suggesting that Seu, and his songs Nainsukh and Manaku, had borrowed extensively from the traditions of Mughal miniatures. Apart from portraits, the rulers, particularly Raja Govardhan Chand, under whose patronage Manaku worked, commissioned paintings on a variety of subjects such as the Bhagavata Purana and the Gita Govinda. Youthful female faces, well-rounded, and definite in shape - as seen in the painting Lady Smoking a Huqqa at the Terrace, became a prototype for the depiction of female figures in the Bhagavata Purana, and Gita Govinda series. Developed by the two brothers Manaku and Nainsakh, these features exhibited a fine perfection of the Guler school and were also adopted by the later-generation painters. These next-generation painters transformed the style, and more subtle pictorial landscapes, and stylized bodily features, especially the depictions of female bodies, colour choices, etc, underwent considerable changes. For Khandalavala, the roundish female faces of the first half of the 18th Century were typical of what he called the Bhagvata face. Manaku-Nainsukh's slender female forms clad in ghagra choli, are replaced by fuller forms wearing peshwaz by the later artists. While the Guler paintings depicting Baramasa and Bihari Satasi'', composed in oval formats, capture the subtle sentiments of love and human emotions. However, by the end of the 19th Century, the splendour of the Guler school had declined as artists began to produce cheap copies, and laborious processes of making colours and pigments were discarded as chemical paints became available in the market. The artists next started to paint under Sikh chieftains, as the Janamsakhi paintings reveal. This was facilitated by the consolidation of Sikh power at the same time.
See also
List of Rajput dynasties
Kangra painting
Pahari painting
Bashohli
References
Further reading
(see index: p. 148-152, for more information about Guler Painting)
External links
Princely states of Punjab
History of Himachal Pradesh
Kangra district
Schools of Indian painting
Rajputs |
Phillips is a town in Franklin County, Maine, United States. The population was 898 at the 2020 census. It is home to the Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad, a heritage railroad.
History
The plantation was part of a large tract granted by Massachusetts about 1790 to Jonathan Phillips of Boston. It was first settled in 1791 by Perkins Allen from Martha's Vineyard, a sea captain who called it Curvo. It was incorporated on February 25, 1812, and named for Phillips. The town was noted both for its productive soil, with hay the chief crop, and its superior water power. At falls along the Sandy River were erected sawmills, gristmills, a fulling mill and a carding machine.
Other industries included a starch factory, tannery, furniture factory, boot and shoe factory, carriage maker, and harness maker. Most significantly, however, Phillips became prosperous as the center for lumbering in the Rangeley Lake region. At first, lumber was shipped during winter months on sledges dragged across the snow by oxen. But then in 1879, the narrow-gauge Sandy River Railroad opened to Farmington, where the Maine Central Railroad carried freight to further destinations. In 1891, the line became the Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad. Although the railroad closed in 1935, a short section has been revived as a tourist attraction and museum.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Phillips is drained by the Sandy River, a tributary of the Kennebec River.
The town is bordered by Madrid and Salem Townships to the north, Township 6 North of Weld to the west, Weld and Avon to the south, and Freeman Township to the east.
Phillips is crossed by state routes 4, 142 and 149.
Toothaker Pond
The Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad followed the west shore of Toothaker pond in the northern part of Phillips. The pond overflows into the Sandy River to the south. Berlin Mills Co. built a sawmill in 1902 using Toothaker Pond as a log pond. The pond shoreline was developed with residences and seasonal cabins after the sawmill closed in 1908. The pond has summer algal blooms and dissolved oxygen deficiencies. It holds Brook Trout, rainbow smelt, golden shiner, Yellow Perch and redbelly dace.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,028 people, 454 households, and 284 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 668 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.7% White, 0.2% African American, 0.3% Asian, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.
There were 454 households, of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.76.
The median age in the town was 45.5 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 34.6% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 990 people, 407 households, and 275 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 626 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.79% White, 0.10% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.10% Asian, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.
There were 407 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $30,579, and the median income for a family was $32,284. Males had a median income of $26,413 versus $19,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,840. About 9.3% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under age 18 and 20.5% of those age 65 or over.
Schools
Phillips is part of Maine School Administrative District 58, and home to Phillips Elementary School.
Stereoscopic views
Sites of interest
Daggett Rock – Maine's Largest Glacial Erratic
Phillips Historical Society
Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad – museum and heritage railroad
Notable people
Horace A. Barrows, 19th century physician, maker of plant-based medicines and advocate of vegetarian diet
Carroll L. Beedy, US congressman
Nathan Cook Brackett, abolitionist, founder of Storer College and Bluefield State College
Minnie D. Craig, legislator
J. Blaine Morrison, Maine legislator and lawyer
Andrew Bonney Robbins, entrepreneur, civil war veteran, real estate developer
Norman Harry Rothschild, eminent scholar of Tang Dynasty China and professor of history at the University of North Florida
John P. Soule, photographer, publisher
C. J. Stevens, writer
Augustus Stinchfield, physician
Climate
This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Phillips has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.
References
External links
Town of Phillips, Maine
Phillips Public Library
North Franklin Snowmobile Club
Maine.gov – Phillips, Maine
Towns in Franklin County, Maine
Towns in Maine |
Edward Merrill Root (January 4, 1895 – October 26, 1973), was an American educator and poet devoted to anti-communist causes.
Biography
Root was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of a Congregationalist Church minister. In 1917, he graduated from Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts, where he studied under Robert Frost.
Root was a conscientious objector during World War I. He went to France with the American Friends Service Committee, saw action as an ambulance driver and returned to the United States to study at Andover Theological Seminary, the University of Missouri, and Harvard.
In 1920, he began working at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, as a professor of English literature, where his tenure lasted until his retirement in 1960. While working at Earlham, Root, who had been a devout Quaker and pacifist, emerged as a conservative advocate.
In 1952, Root wrote "Darkness at Noon in American Colleges", an article warning parents of the "polio of collectivism" at American colleges and universities. He then wrote the book Collectivism on the Campus, alleging communism was widespread at colleges, and a few years later, Brainwashing in the High Schools: An Examination of Eleven American History Textbooks. The latter book brought Root fame in conservative circles.
Root became a member of the Textbook Evaluation Committee of Operation Textbook, sponsored by America's Future under the direction of Lucille Cardin Crain. The committee adopted DAR resolutions "as a yard-stick" to ascertain a textbook's acceptability. Any book failing to present the American Republic and U.S. Constitution in a favorable light received negative reviews.
Other members of the Textbook Evaluation Committee, in 1959, were:
Neil Carothers, PhD (1884–1965)
Medford Stanton Evans, PhD (1934–2015)
Albert Hoyt Hobbs, PhD (1910–1994)
Willmoore Kendall, PhD (1909–1967)
Russell Kirk (1918–1994), MA, D. Litt.
Ella Lonn (1979–1962), PhD
Marie Regina Madden, PhD (1887–1973)
J.B. Matthews (1894–1966)
William Montgomery McGovern, PhD (1897–1964)
Felix Morley, PhD (1894–1982)
Charles Callan Tansill, PhD (1890–1964)
Root was one of the founders and original contributors to National Review, famously squaring off against Whittaker Chambers in reviews of novels by Ayn Rand in which Root defended her as a brilliantly gifted artist against Chambers' complaint that as a militant atheist she should be driven from the nascent conservative movement. In retirement, Root withdrew from the masthead of National Review and became an editor of the monthly American Opinion magazine of the John Birch Society, as well as continuing his editorial relationship with The American Friend, The Measure, and Quaker Life. His book America's Steadfast Dream, published in 1971, is an anthology of twenty-five essays that appeared in American Opinion over a period of a decade.
Root published 11 books of poetry, which were praised; his former teacher, Robert Frost, called Root "the second best poet in America". He also wrote a biography of Frank Harris.
Root's central philosophy was what he called "Essentialism". His intention was " to make coherent and affirmative a certain philosophy, and American philosophy, and to do so in terms of art." He stated his philosophy thus:
"More and more as my life has matured, I have realized that by fundamental nature I am a conservative. I have realized that I wish to preserve the roots of life whence grow the blossoms and the fruits of life, and that I have become a genuine radical - i.e., one who works with the roots of life, laboring to set them more firmly and to nourish them more richly. I applaud fruitful change that comes from an enhancement and intensification of the last things that maintain their continuity with first things. But, as I see it, such change must be growth from within, so that you and I and our nation become ever more clearly, more richly, more truly, what we always are, potentially in principle. Man is ever seeking novelty; God is forever and ever making things new. He does not make the seasons, nor the rose, nor the Labrador retriever, nor the lover nor the poet, novel - He makes them new. And because they are new in their fundamental being, they are vitally old; as tomorrow's sunrise will be the newest of dawns and the oldest of dawns, since it shone upon the Birthday of Creation."
For the individual, Root stated his philosophy as a person's "outermost expression of his innermost essence ... Man, being finite in existence, but infinite in essence, succeeds by reaching his highest point of failure."
He died at age 78 in 1973 in a Portland, Maine, hospital.
Selected work
Prose
"The Culture of Abundance" (1938)
Brainwashing in the High Schools (1958)
Collectivism on the Campus
America's Steadfast Dream
Frank Harris: A Biography
The Way of All Spirit
Poetry
Lost Eden
Bow of Burning Gold
Dawn is Forever
Before the Swallow Dares
The Seeds of Time
Ulysses To Penelope
Out Of Our Winter
The Light Wind Over
Shoulder the Sky
Of Perilous Seas
Like White Birds Flying
Children of the Morning
See also
Technocracy
First New Right (United States)
Bibliography
Annotations
Notes
References
References by Root
(publication); (article).
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.
The author dedicated the book to his four grandchildren:
<li>
<li> Leslie
<li> Stephen Hugh O'Kane (1957–1969)
1895 births
1973 deaths
20th-century American educators
20th-century American poets
John Birch Society members
Writers from Baltimore
Writers from Richmond, Indiana
Amherst College alumni
Andover Newton Theological School alumni
Earlham College faculty
American Quakers
American male poets
New Right (United States)
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
American political activists
American political writers |
Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya ( Tripathi; born 14 December 1984) is an Indian television actress. She is known for playing Vidya Pratap Singh in Zee TV's Banoo Main Teri Dulhann and Dr. Ishita Iyer Bhalla in Star Plus's Yeh Hai Mohabbatein. In 2017, participated in the dance reality show Nach Baliye 8 and emerged as the winner. In 2021, she participated at Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11 as a contestant where she emerged as the runner-up.
Early life
Tripathi was born on 14 December 1984 in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. She attended Nutan College in Bhopal. She completed a mountaineering course from the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering in Uttarkashi.
Career
Tripathi started her career as an anchor on All India Radio, Bhopal. She participated in Pantene Zee Teen Queen in 2003 and won the title of Miss Beautiful Skin. In 2004, Tripathi participated in India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj and ended up being in top 8 from Bhopal zone. She again contested from the Indore zone where she was declared the runner up. This ensured her qualification for phase 2 of the contest where she lost eventually. In 2005, she was crowned Miss Bhopal.
Tripathi made her acting debut in a telefilm for Doordarshan and later presented a show called Akash Vani. In 2005, she acted in Star One's Yeh Dil Chahe More as Payal followed by Viraasat as Melanie in 2006. In August 2006, Tripathi was roped in for Zee TV's drama fiction Banoo Main Teri Dulhann by playing the dual roles of Vidya and Divya. She received recognition for the role of Vidya and her onscreen pair with Sharad Malhotra. She won many awards for her performance in the show including the Indian Television Academy Award for Best Actress in Drama Category and the Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face. The show ran for three years and ended in 2009. She participated in Zee TV's Khana Khazana as a contestant in 2006.
In 2007, Tripathi participated in Sahara One's reality show, Jjhoom India as a contestant. In 2008, she participated in Imagine TV's Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan. In the same year she presented 9X's Jalwa Four 2 Ka 1. In 2009, Tripathi featured in the second season of StarPlus's horror thriller Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai. In 2010, she played the role of Rashmi Sharma, a housewife in SAB TV's comedy drama Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale. In 2011 Tripathi participated in Imagine TV's Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout. She later played the lead in SAB TV's Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story as Suman, followed by appearing in an episodic appearance in Adaalat. In 2012, she acted in Star Plus's Teri Meri Love Stories as Nikita opposite Iqbal Khan.
In 2013, she portrayed the character of Dr. Ishita Bhalla, an infertile dentist who marries a chief executive officer, in order to provide maternal affection to his daughter in Ekta Kapoor's show Yeh Hai Mohabbatein opposite Karan Patel.
The show premiered in December 2013 and ran successfully for six years until it ended at the end of 2019. Her portrayal of Ishita won her many awards and nominations such as the Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role, the Lions Gold Award for Best Actress in Lead Role, and the Boroplus Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role. In 2015, she received a Shan-E-Bhopal Award. In 2016, she received two awards at the Gold Awards for Face of The Year and Best Actress in a Lead Role.
In 2016, Tripathi participated in Colors TV's sports reality show, Box Cricket League 2. Later in the same year, she made an cameo appearance in Life OK's Bahu Hamari Rajni Kant along with Anita Hassanandani, Hina Khan and Karanvir Bohra. In 2017, she participated in Nach Baliye 8 with her husband Vivek Dahiya and emerged as the winner whilst Mohit Sehgal, Sanaya Irani became finalists.
In 2018, Tripathi made an appearance on Kanpur Wale Khuranas. In early 2019, Tripathi presented Star Plus's singing reality show The Voice 3. In June 2019, Tripathi made an cameo appearance in Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum starring Dipika Kakar. In 2020, she made an appearance on The Greedy Closet. In December 2020, Tripathi presented Sony TV's crime show, Crime Patrol until March 2021. In 2021, she participated in Colors TV's stunt based reality show, Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11 as a contestant.
Personal life
Tripathi dated actor Sharad Malhotra, her co-actor from Banoo Main Teri Dulhann, but they broke up in 2015.
On 16 January 2016, she got engaged to her Ye Hai Mohabbatein co-actor Vivek Dahiya. The couple got married on 8 July 2016 in Bhopal.
Media image
In 2014, Tripathi was ranked 23 among the "35 Hottest Actresses In Indian Television" by MensXP.com, an Indian lifestyle website for men. In 2017, she became the first Indian television actress to appear in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, a list based on the income and popularity of India's celebrities, ranking 96th. For the next two years, she was ranked 94th & 79th respectively.
In 2017, Tripathi posted some emotional tweets condemning the rape of a 12-year-old girl in Chandigarh on Independence Day (15 August), some of which she addressed to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, urging him to take strict action against the rapist.
In the same year, Tripathi was trolled for her character Haryanavi from the serial Yeh Hai Mohabbatein. She was called pathetic and disgusting for using dark brown makeup for this role. About this Tripathi replied to the troll by saying:
In 2020, Tripathi won the title of "International Iconic Most Popular Face Of Indian Television 2020" Tripathi honored with Champions of Change in 2021.
Filmography
Television
Special appearances
Films
Web series
Music videos
Awards and nominations
See also
List of Hindi television actresses
List of Indian television actresses
References
External links
Living people
1984 births
Actresses from Bhopal
Indian television actresses
Indian soap opera actresses
Indian web series actresses
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Hindi television
Actresses from Mumbai
Indian beauty pageant winners
Female models from Madhya Pradesh
Nach Baliye winners
Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi participants
21st-century Indian actresses |
Kevin Wilson may refer to:
Kevin Bloody Wilson (born 1947), Australian comedian
Kevin Wilson (American football) (born 1961), American football coach
Kevin Wilson (footballer, born 1961), Northern Irish footballer
Kevin Wilson (footballer, born 1976), Jamaican footballer
Kevin Wilson (sailor) (born 1927), American Olympic sailor
Kevin Wilson (skier) (born 1959), Puerto Rican Olympic skier
Kevin Wilson (writer), American writer
Kevin J. Wilson, Australian actor
Kevin Wilson (game designer), American designer of board games and role-playing games
Kevin Wilson Jr., American filmmaker
Kevin Wilson (Ackley Bridge), fictional character
See also
Kelvin Wilson (born 1985), English footballer |
Víctor Hugo Amatti (born 20 June 1965) is a former Argentine footballer who played for clubs of Chile.
External links
Víctor Hugo Amatti at playmakerstats.com (English version of ceroacero.es)
1965 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine sportspeople of Italian descent
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Deportes Iquique footballers
Lota Schwager footballers
Club Deportivo Palestino footballers
Coquimbo Unido footballers
C.D. Arturo Fernández Vial footballers
Santiago Wanderers footballers
Primera B de Chile players
Chilean Primera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Naturalized citizens of Chile
Men's association football forwards |
Ali Ezzeldin Abdelghany (born 16 June 1944 in Cairo) is an Egyptian academic and marine biologist.
Early life and education
Abdelghany graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Cairo University in 1967. Abdelghany received a master's degree from Auburn University in 1982 with a specialization in Fisheries Management and his doctorate in Aquaculture nutrition from the University of Idaho in 1986.
Professional career
Before earning his graduate degrees, Abdelghany received a fellowship with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. After a formal education, Abdelghany returned to Egypt in 1986 and joined the Central Laboratory of Aquaculture Research at Sharqiyah as head of the department of nutrition. Since 1986, he has done research on various fish-related issues, including improving dietary growth and the reduction of feeding costs by using alternative methods. He has been appointed the director of CLAR twice (1993/1994 and 2001/2002).
See also
List of Auburn University people
Sources
1944 births
Living people
Cairo University alumni
Auburn University alumni
University of Idaho alumni
Egyptian biologists
Marine biologists
Fisheries scientists
Egyptian military personnel
Scientists from Cairo |
Xestia colorado is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae.
The MONA or Hodges number for Xestia colorado is 10982.
References
Further reading
Xestia
Articles created by Qbugbot
Moths described in 1891 |
The Government of Los Angeles County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Los Angeles. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Los Angeles County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, health care, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.
It is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected offices including the Sheriff, District Attorney, and Assessor, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the chief executive officer.
Some chartered cities such as Los Angeles and Inglewood provide municipal services such as police, libraries, parks and recreation, and zoning. Other cities arrange to have the County provide some or all of these services under contract. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction coterminous with Los Angeles County, such as the Los Angeles Superior Court.
Overview
Los Angeles County is the most populous county in the United States, and the largest municipal government in the nation. If the County were a state, it would be the 9th most populous state in the United States, in between Georgia and North Carolina. As of 2020, the Board of Supervisors oversees a $35.5 billion annual budget and over 112,000 employees. The county workforce is larger than the state-level government workforces of most U.S. states.
Organization
Board of Supervisors
Under its foundational Charter, the five-member elected Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (BOS) is the county legislature. The board operates in a legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial capacity. As a legislative authority, it can pass ordinances for the unincorporated areas (ordinances that affect the whole county, like posting of restaurant ratings, must be ratified by the individual city). As an executive body, it can tell the county departments what to do, and how to do it. As a quasi-judicial body, the Board is the final venue of appeal in the local planning process, and holds public hearings on various agenda items. A local nickname sometimes used for the board is the "five little kings."
The board members were:
Hilda Solis, district 1
Holly Mitchell, district 2
Lindsey Horvath, district 3
Janice Hahn, district 4
Kathryn Barger, district 5
Janice Hahn, Chair
Lindsey Horvath , Chair Pro Tem
Elected officers
In addition to the board of supervisors, there are several elected officers that form the Government of Los Angeles County that are required by the California Constitution and California law and authorized under the Charter.
Sheriff
The Los Angeles County Sheriff provides general-service law enforcement to unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County, serving as the equivalent of the county police for unincorporated areas of the county as well as incorporated cities within the county that have contracted with the agency for law enforcement. Of the 88 cities in Los Angeles County, 40 are just such "contract cities," in an arrangement pioneered in 1954 by the city of Lakewood, California and known as the Lakewood Plan.
District Attorney
The Los Angeles County District Attorney prosecutes all felony crimes that occur anywhere within Los Angeles County (cities and unincorporated areas), and any misdemeanor crimes that occur within the unincorporated areas of the county, and for any city that has abdicated this responsibility to the county. The City of Los Angeles, for example, has its own city attorney to handle most misdemeanor crimes and infractions that occur within the City of Los Angeles.
Assessor
The Los Angeles County Assessor is the assessor responsible for discovering all taxable property in Los Angeles County except for state-assessed property and inventorying and listing all the taxable property, valuing the property, and enrolling the property on the local assessment roll.
Chief Executive Officer
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO), also known the chief administrative officer, assists the board of supervisors in handling the mounting administrative details of the county and coordinating between departments.
From 2007 to 2015, the CEO had direct supervision over 31 of the 37 departments while the other departments (Assessor, Auditor-Controller, Community Development Commission, County Counsel, District Attorney, Executive Office of the Board of Supervisors, Fire, and Sheriff) did not report to the CEO.
Prior to 2007 and from 2015 and following, the CEO provides a strategic coordination and support role. Departments submit recommendations and action items directly to the Board offices without CEO input required, and are fired and hired directly by the board, with the CEO providing administrative support in negotiating department head salaries and facilitating communications between departments when necessary. Board offices felt that the CEO added bureaucracy and that the additional deputy and assistant CEOs added little value.
Other tasks specifically given to the CEO include preparation and control of the annual budget in consultation with departments, providing leadership and direction for Board-sponsored initiatives and priorities, analysis and advocacy of state and federal legislation; coordinating Countywide strategic communications and cross-departmental public information (including the main County website), and managing capital projects and debt, asset, leasing and space management. The CEO's office also administers the risk management and insurance programs, and facilitates departments addressing unincorporated area issues and international protocol issues, manages the County's employee relations program and compensation/classification systems, represents the board in labor negotiations, and monitors cable television companies operating in unincorporated areas. The chief information officer, Homeless Initiative (which manages Measure H, the voter-approved homeless tax), child care, and Office of Emergency Management are also located in the CEO's office.
Public safety
Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner - Coroner: performs autopsies and determines the cause of death for those who die without medical supervision.
Los Angeles County Public Defender: defends indigent criminal suspects
Health
Los Angeles County Department of Health Services: operates several county hospitals and a network of primary care clinics, and also runs the public health care system such as My Health LA (Low Income Health Program)
Los Angeles County Department of Public Health
Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health
L.A. Care Health Plan: a non-profit public health plan created to help Los Angeles County residents obtain affordable health care.
Children and families
Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services: administers foster care.
Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services: administers many federal and state welfare programs within the county, such as Medi-Cal (Medicaid), CalFresh (food stamps), and CalWORKs (TANF).
Community
Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors: responsible for operating the county-owned harbor in Marina Del Rey as well as the network of county beaches.
Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation – administers public parks and the largest public golf course system in the U.S.
Los Angeles County Department of Public Works: operates countywide flood control system, constructs and maintains roads in unincorporated areas
Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning: responsible for planning functions for unincorporated areas. The Department maintains the Zoning Code that regulates land use in the unincorporated areas, researches and facilitates land-use decisions, and serves to connect the community to the established building regulations. It supports the Regional Planning Commission, a five-member quasi-judicial body under the board of supervisors.
Los Angeles County Public Library: operates a large network of branch libraries throughout the county
Los Angeles County Museum of Art: public art museum
Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: public history and science museum located in Exposition Park
Operations
The Los Angeles County Treasurer and Tax Collector: responsible for billing and collecting taxes. The Treasurer-Tax Collector is appointed by the board of supervisors.
Los Angeles County Internal Services Department: responsible for the general operations of county government, including Information Technology Service, Data Center management, County Cyber security, fleet management, energy and environmental services, building management, contracting and procuring, etc.
Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control: runs the animal shelter system of Los Angeles County and provides a variety of animal control field services and licensing.
Los Angeles County Agricultural Commissioner / Weights & Measures: responsible for weights & measures inspections, vector control services, environmental protection, and agricultural produce inspections.
Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder / County Clerk: responsible for voter registration and elections with the county, birth; death; and marriage records, recording of legal documents and fictitious business filings, registration of notaries, and issuance of marriage licenses.
Independent
Los Angeles County Auditor-Controller: responsible for allocating collected taxes to the appropriate taxing jurisdictions such as the county, cities, schools and special districts within the county, receipts, and financial reporting. The Auditor-Controller is appointed by the board of supervisors.
Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services: administers foster care
Community Development Commission of the County of Los Angeles serves as the County's housing authority as well as the housing and community and economic development agency with wide-ranging programs that benefit residents and business owners in unincorporated County areas and in various incorporated cities.
Los Angeles County Fire Department: provides fire protection, suppression, and prevention as well as emergency medical services
Los Angeles County Fire Department Lifeguard Division: (portrayed in the famous television series Baywatch).
Los Angeles County Probation Department: responsible for running the county's juvenile halls as well monitoring former juvenile and adults offenders during their reintegration into society.
Los Angeles County Department of Consumer Affairs: offers consumers in the county a variety of services including: consumer and real estate counseling, mediation, and small claims counseling. The department also investigates consumer complains, real estate fraud, and identity theft issues.
Los Angeles County Board of Education: maintains the policies for governance of the Los Angeles County Office of Education (LACOE) and appoints the Los Angeles County Superintendent of Schools. It is composed of seven members who are appointed by the board of supervisors to two- and four-year terms. In general, the LACOE's only direct authority over local districts is in matters of interdistrict attendance appeals, school district boundary changes, and expulsion appeals. The LACOE directly operates the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts in partnership with California State University, Los Angeles, and the International Polytechnic High School in partnership with the Cal Poly Pomona College of Education and Integrative Studies.
Los Angeles County Employees Retirement Association (LACERA): administers defined retirement plan benefits for the employees of Los Angeles County and outside districts pursuant to the County Employees Retirement Law of 1937
Defunct County Agencies
Los Angeles County Office of Public Safety: informally known as the County Police, was responsible for law enforcement services at County facilities and Parks. Merged into the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department in 2010.
Los Angeles County Department of Small Craft Harbors: operated the county harbor of Marina del Rey. Merged into the Department of Beaches and Harbors.
Los Angeles County Department of Arboreta and Botanic Gardens: responsible for operating the Los Angeles County Arboretum and other botanic gardens. Absorbed by the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation in 1993.
Los Angeles County Department of Beaches: merged into the Department of Beaches and Harbors.
Los Angeles County Mechanical Department: Responsible for maintenance, repairs, and security for all County-owned buildings, and well as fleet services for county vehicles. Merged into the Los Angeles County Internal Services Department
Los Angeles County Marshal's Department: Responsible for courthouse security, bailiff services, and civil process services to the Municipal Court system. Merged into the Sheriff's Department when the Municipal and Superior Court systems were amalgamated.
Los Angeles County Department of Charities: responsible for operating the county hospitals, poor farm, and welfare system. Split into the Department of Hospitals and Department of Public Social Services in 1966.
Los Angeles County Facilities Management Department: merged into the Internal Services Department
Los Angeles County Department of Health: responsible for public health throughout the county; merged in 1971 with the Los Angeles County Department of Hospitals to form the Department of Health Services.
Los Angeles County Department of Hospitals: operated the county hospitals; merged with the Los Angeles County Health Department to form the Department of Health Services in 1971.
Los Angeles County Roads Department: responsible for constructing and maintaining roads in unincorporated areas, merged into the Public Works Department in 1985
Los Angeles County Engineer: responsible for building safety and regulation. Merged into the Public Works Department in 1985
Los Angeles County Flood Control District: quasi-independent agency responsible for flood control channel and dam construction. Merged into the Public Works Department in 1985.
Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District: quasi-independent agency responsible for air quality regulation. Merged into the fully independent South Coast Air Quality Management District along with the Air Pollution Control Districts of Orange, San Bernardino, and Riverside Counties in 1977.
The Chief Executive Officer as of September 1, 2020 is:
Fesia Davenport
Law
The Los Angeles County Code is the codified law of the County in the form of ordinances passed by the board of supervisors. Every act prohibited or declared unlawful and every failure to perform an act required by the ordinances is a misdemeanor, unless otherwise specified as an infraction.
Budget
, the board of supervisors oversees a $26.35 billion annual budget and approximately 100,000 employees.
Controversies
The county was targeted with the threat of legal action by the American Civil Liberties Union at various points in time regarding a small cross on the Seal of Los Angeles County. The ACLU said that separation of church and state prohibited this display. The seal has been modified numerous times in response to this complaint and other concerns.
Other governments
California
In the State Senate, the 20th, 22nd, 24th, 26th, 28th, and 30th districts are entirely within the county, as well as much of the 21st, 25th, 27th, 29th, and 32nd districts.
In the State Assembly, the 39th, 43rd, 46th, 48th, 49th, 50th, 51st, 53rd, 54th, 57th, 58th, 59th, 62nd, 63rd, 64th, 66th, and 70th districts are entirely within the county, most of the 36th, 38th, 41st, and 45th districts are in the county, and parts of the 44th, 52nd, 55th districts are in the county.
The Los Angeles Superior Court, which covers the entire county, is not a County department but a division of the State's trial court system. Historically, the courthouses were county-owned buildings that were maintained at county expense, which created significant friction since the trial court judges, as officials of the state government, had to lobby the county board of supervisors for facility renovations and upgrades. In turn, the state judiciary successfully persuaded the state Legislature to authorize the transfer of all courthouses to the state government in 2008 and 2009 (so that judges would have direct control over their own courthouses). Courthouse security is still provided by the county government under a contract with the state.
City of Los Angeles
The City of Los Angeles government operates as a charter city (as opposed to a general law city) under the Charter of the City of Los Angeles. The elected government is composed of the Los Angeles City Council with 15 city council districts and the Mayor of Los Angeles. which operate under a mayor-council government, as well as the Los Angeles City Attorney and the Los Angeles City Controller. In addition, there are numerous departments and appointed officers such as the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) including the Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners and the Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department, the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD), the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA), the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT), the Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL), and the Los Angeles City Clerk.
School districts
Special districts
The Los Angeles Local Agency Formation Commission (LALAFCo) is the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) for Los Angeles County and regulates special districts within its jurisdiction.
History
The current charter was proposed by the Los Angeles County Board of Freeholders on September 24, 1912, ratified by the electorate on November 5, 1912, filed with the California Secretary of State on January 29, 1913, and became effective June 2, 1913. It was the first local government to be granted Home Rule in the United States since the 1911 Home Rule Amendment was added to the Constitution of California.
Notes
External links
Los Angeles County Code from Municode
County government in California |
SoonerCon is a fan-run multi-genre convention held annually in Central Oklahoma, founded in Oklahoma City proper before being held in Midwest City from 2013 until 2018 and then Norman, Oklahoma in June 2019 at the vastly larger Embassy Suites Hotel & Convention Center.
SoonerCon was founded in 1986 by Mike Hodge and Tamara Hodge, but went dormant after the 1997 event. In 2005, a group of fans headed by con chair Jerry Wall re-established SoonerCon and worked to a 2007 relaunch event. While originally created as a traditional sci-fi/fantasy "litcon" embracing art, TV/film, costuming, gaming, folksinging, comics and real-space advocacy, SoonerCon now crosses over to even more aspects of fandom including anime, miniature modeling, and film production.
As with both the state nickname and the mascot of the University of Oklahoma athletic teams (located in Norman), SoonerCon takes its name from the doubly unique angle of Oklahoma Territory's opening-settler "Land Runs" and the Sooners who crossed into the target areas early in several of the runs, illegally ahead of the opening hour.
Programming
SoonerCon programming includes featured guests, a large (over 7,200 square feet) dedicated gaming area, demonstrations, exhibitors hall and artist alley, workshops (including a Writer’s Workshop), a dance, art show and auction, a costume contest, and panels for every fandom subject (examples include kid’s programming, art, gaming, cosplay, anime, writing, author readings, and film/tv).
History
First held in June 1986 under founding chair Mike Hodge and mainly sponsored by the STAR OKC SF fan club and other individuals, SoonerCon was Oklahoma City’s fan-based sci-fi convention until SoonerCon 13 in 1997. (SC 1 and 2 were both held in 1986, in order to reset the date from summer to the pre-Thanksgiving weekend in November.) During those years, many headliner artist and writer guests of honor, from Tim Powers and Gene Wolfe to Brad W. Foster and Robin Bailey, were welcomed to Oklahoma City. SC1 was held at the Northwest Hilton, SC2 moved to the recently refurbished Skirvin Plaza downtown.
In 1991, a sister event, ThunderCon, was formed by STAR OKC member Larry Nemecek. ThunderCon was designed to be a local charity "media con" emphasizing much of what SoonerCon did not: genre TV/film, comics, gaming, model-building, anime and pop culture, with actors, designers, and other guests—especially from the Star Trek franchise. ThunderCon drew its name from three local ties: Oklahoma’s notorious spring weather, the mythical thunderbird from Native American heritage, and the same-named bird that was mascot of the state's heroic 45th Infantry Division (aka "Thunderbird Division"). It debuted in June 1991 (balancing SoonerCon’s November setting) and lasted for seven annual editions, often with staff and helpers working on both OKC events. Note that ThunderCon's name preceded by 17 years the coming and similar moniker of the NBA franchise Oklahoma City Thunder—but the team obviously sourced its name from the same Oklahoma roots.
With few exceptions over the years, Infant Crisis Services of Oklahoma City, which assists infants and toddlers of low-income families, was ThunderCon's primary charity of choice (as well as several 1990s editions of SoonerCon).
After the end of the original SoonerCons under STAR OKC in 1997, seven years passed without a local sci-fi convention until a group of fans, with permission from the original founders, returned to the name SoonerCon in 2005 and began working on its resurrection. SoonerCon 2006 was held July 15–16 at the Bricktown Plaza in Oklahoma City, home to several early SoonerCons and Thundercons as the "Central Plaza Hotel," with over 500 paid attendees and $1000 raised for a local charity, Citizens Caring for Children. SoonerCon 2007, now expanded to a three-day event, moved to ThunderCon's old "first June weekend" slot over June 8–10 and moved physically to the westside Biltmore Hotel, where it stayed for several years; guests included Star Trek actors Vaughn Armstrong and Casey Biggs, and native Trek pros Janet and Larry Nemecek. SoonerCon 2008 was held June 6–8 with a theme of "Pieces of '08," with honored guests including toastmaster Selina Rosen, author John Ringo, and artist Tom Kidd.
SoonerCon 2009 was held June 5–7 with featured guests Eric Flint and Selina Rosen; and the theme "Slideways in Time." Then followed "2010: A Bubba Odyssey" with "Bubba Ho-Tep" author guest Joe R. Lansdale, artist GoH John E. Kaufmann, and comic book artist John Lucas—once again with the inimitable Selina Rosen as toastmaster. For 2011, SoonerCon moved downtown June 3–5 to the Sheraton "Century Center" of SoonerCons and ThunderCons of old, switched from a title using years to sequential numbers (at 20), and featured a theme "Heroes & Villains" with author Tim Powers as guest of honor. SoonerCon 21 proclaimed "I'll Be Back to the Future" at the Sheraton June 15–17, 2012 (a time slot shift) with author Eric Flint and Selina Rosen. For SoonerCon 22, the con themed "Beyond Thunderdome" moved just east of downtown to the Reed Conference Center at Rose State College in Midwest City and Sheraton Midwest City, and to end of the month: June 28–30. Those 2013 guests were Oklahoma author C.J. Cherryh as guest of honor, writers workshop leader Tim Powers, artist and comic illustrator Mark Texeira. Ric Meyers—and perennial toastmaster Selina Rosen.
Pending updates to dates, themes and guests, Soonercon continued annually in its June slot at the Reed Center and Sheraton in Midwest City through 2018, when it was realized the large but limited parking lot was actually causing a ceiling on attendees. Growth immediately resumed the next year with a move to the larger Embassy Suites Hotel and Conference Center in Norman on June 7-9 with actor Nana Visitor of Star Trek: DS9 among the guests.
The current string was interrupted by two years postponed during the general COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns, but SoonerCon 30 resumed at the Norman Embassy Suites over June 24-26, 2022. The 2023 dates for SoonerCon 31 were June 30-July 2; the 32nd edition is planned for June 21-23, 2024.
References
External links
SoonerCon's official website
SoonerCon article on Startrek.com
Multigenre conventions
Science fiction conventions in the United States |
Suri II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Overview
Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient Rarh region. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The area has mostly loose reddish lateritic low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the Ajay, Bakreshwar, Mayurakshi and Brahmani, have soft alluvial soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of the total district. Although coal is found in the district and Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station has a capacity of 2,010 MW, the economic condition of Birbhum is dominated by agriculture. From 1977 onwards majorland reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. In Birbhum district, 19,968 hectares of vested agricultural land has been distributed amongst 161,515 beneficiaries, till 2011. However, more than 38% of the operational land holding is marginal or less than 1 acre. The proportion of agricultural labourers amongst total workers in Birbhum district is 45.9%, the highest amongst all districts of West Bengal. Culturally rich Birbhum, with such traditional landmarks as Jaydev Kenduli and Chandidas Nanoor, is home to Visva-Bharati University at Santiniketan, having close association with two Nobel laureates – Rabindranath Tagore and Amartya Sen.
Geography
Purandarpur is located at .
Suri II CD Block is part of the Suri-Bolpur Plain, one of the four sub-micro physiographic regions of Birbhum district. It covers the interfluves of the Mayurakshi and Ajay rivers, in the south-eastern part of the district. This area exhibits somewhat upland topography sloping from north-west to south-east.
Suri II CD Block is bounded by Suri I CD Block on the north, Sainthia CD Block on the east, Ilambazar CD Block on the south and Dubrajpur and Suri I CD Blocks on the west.
Suri II CD Block has an area of 135.81 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 6 gram panchayats, 52 gram sansads (village councils), 95 mouzas and 85 inhabited villages. Panrui police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Purandarpur.
Gram panchayats of Suri II block/panchayat samiti are: Abinashpur, Bansanka, Domdoma, Kendua, Koma and Purandarpur.
Demographics
Population
As per the 2011 Census of India, Suri II CD Block had a total population of 87,405, all of which were rural. There were 44,921 (51%) males and 42,484 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 10,747. Scheduled Castes numbered 28,649 (32.78%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 11,682 (13.37%).
As per 2001 census, Suri II block had a total population of 77,002, out of which 39,631 were males and 37,371 were females. Suri II block registered a population growth of 18.19 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Birbhum district was 17.88 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.
Large village (with 4,000+ population) in Suri II CD Block is (2011 census figure in brackets): Purandarpur (4,566).
Other villages in Suri II CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Kendua (3,309), Banshanka (1,838), Abinashpur (1,846), Koma (1,269) and Damdam (2,448).
Literacy
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Suri II CD Block was 55,765 (72.75% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 31,177 (79.12% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 24,588 (66.00% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.12%.
See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
Language and religion
In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 59,173 and formed 67.70% of the population in Suri II CD Block. Muslims numbered 27,612 and formed 31.59% of the population. Christians numbered 233 and formed 0.27% of the population. Others numbered 387 and formed 0.44% of the population.
The proportion of Hindus in Birbhum district has declined from 72.2% in 1961 to 62.3% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in Birbhum district has increased from 27.6% to 37.1% during the same period. Christians formed 0.3% in 2011.
At the time of the 2011 census, 88.29% of the population spoke Bengali and 10.97% Santali as their first language.
Rural poverty
As per the BPL household survey carried out in 2005, the proportion of BPL households in Suri II CD Block was 50.6%, against 42.3% in Birbhum district. In six CD Blocks – Murarai II, Nalhati II, Rampurhat II, Rampurhat I, Suri II and Murarai I – the proportion of BPL families was more than 50%. In three CD Blocks – Rajnagar, Suri I and Labhpur – the proportion of BPL families was less than 30%. The other ten CD Blocks in Birbhum district were placed in between. According to the District Human Development Report, Birbhum, "Although there is no indication that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with higher share of agricultural labourer, there is a clear pattern that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with disadvantaged population in general and Muslim population in particular." (The disadvantaged population includes SCs, STs and Muslims.)
Economy
Livelihood
In Suri II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 5,224 and formed 14.40%, agricultural labourers numbered 21,257 and formed 58.60%, household industry workers numbered 1,248 and formed 3.44% and other workers numbered 8,546 and formed 23.56%. Total workers numbered 36,275 and formed 41.50% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 51,130 and formed 58.50% of the population.
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teacher
s, entertainment artistes and so on.
Infrastructure
There are 85 inhabited villages in Suri II CD Block, as per District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 85 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 12 villages (14.12%) have post offices. 85 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 35 villages (41.18%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 28 villages (32.94%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 13 villages (15.29%) have agricultural credit societies and 4 villages (4.71%) have banks.
Agriculture
Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2004-05 (the agricultural labourer data is for 2001), persons engaged in agriculture in Suri II CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 3,502 (10.50%), patta (document) holders 3,897 (11.68%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 4,858 (14.56%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 5,758 (17.26%) and agricultural labourers 15,348 (46.00%).
Birbhum is a predominantly paddy cultivation-based agricultural district. The area under paddy cultivation in 2010-11 was 249,000 hectares of land. Paddy is grown in do, suna and sali classes of land. There is double to triple cropping system for paddy cultivation. Other crops grown in Birbhum are gram, masuri, peas, wheat, linseed, khesari, til, sugarcane and occasionally cotton. 192,470 hectares of cultivable land is under irrigation by different sources, such as canals, tanks, river lift irrigation and different types of tubewells. In 2009-10, 158,380 hectares were irrigated by canal water. There are such major irrigation projects as Mayurakshi and Hijli. Other rivers such as Ajoy, Brahmani, Kuskurni, Dwaraka, Hingla and Kopai are also helpful for irrigation in the district.
In 2013-14, there were 17 fertiliser depots, 5 seed stores and 23 fair price shops in Suri II CD block.
In 2013-14, Suri II CD block produced 4,533 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,655 hectares, 7,195 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 2,029 hectares, 1,133 tonnes of wheat from 402 hectares, 7,652 tonnes of potatoes from 265 hectares and 1,197 tonnes of sugar cane from 31 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.
In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Suri II CD block was 11,296 hectares, out of which 8,785 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 550 hectares by tank water, 60 hectares by river lift irrigation, 1,845 hectares by deep tube wells and 56 hectares by shallow tube wells.
Banking
In 2013-14, Suri II CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks.
Other sectors
According to the District Human Development Report, 2009, Birbhum is one of the most backward districts of West Bengal in terms of industrial development. Of the new industrial projects set-up in West Bengal between 1991 and 2005, only 1.23% came to Birbhum. Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station is the only large-scale industry in the district and employs about 5,000 people. There are 4 medium-scale industries and 4,748 registered small-scale industries.
The proportion of workers engaged in agriculture in Birbhum has been decreasing. According to the District Human Development Report, "more people are now engaged in non-agricultural activities, such as fishing, retail sales, vegetable vending, selling milk, and so on. As all these activities are at the lower end of the spectrum of marketable skills, it remains doubtful if these activities generate enough return for their family’s sustenance."
Backward Regions Grant Fund
Birbhum district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.
Transport
Suri II CD block has 6 originating/ terminating bus routes.
State Highway 6, running from Rajnagar (in Birbhum district) to Alampur (in Howrah district) passes through Suri II CD Block.
Education
In 2013-14, Suri II CD block had 79 primary schools with 5,509 students, 8 middle schools with 421 students, 7 high schools with 3,538 students and 4 higher secondary schools with 5,044 students. Suri II CD Block had 1 technical/ professional institution with 26 students and 198 institutions for special and non-formal education with 4,737 students. Suri municipal area has 2 general degree colleges (outside the CD block).
As per the 2011 census, in Suri II CD Block, amongst the 85 inhabited villages, 11 villages did not have a school, 18 villages had more than 1 primary school, 10 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 13 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. 6 villages had senior secondary schools.
Healthcare
In 2014, Suri II CD block had 1 block primary health centre and 2 primary health centres with total 31 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 14 family welfare subcentres. 1,733 patients were treated indoor and 53,570 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.
As per 2011 census, in Suri II CD Block, 5 villages had primary health centres, 32 villages had primary health subcentres, 10 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village had a veterinary hospital, 9 villages had medicine shops and out of the 85 inhabited villages 36 villages had no medical facilities.
Sultanpur Rural Hospital at PO Abinashpur has 30 beds. There are primary health centres at Purandarpur (10 beds) and Patanda (PO Ikra) (6 beds).
References
Community development blocks in Birbhum district |
Pioneer City was an Old West theme park located across the street from Flamingo Gardens in Davie, Florida.
The park was opened on Memorial Day weekend 1966 by photography studio magnate Myron M. "Mike" Weiss, Sr. as a built-to-scale Dodge City, Kansas, complete with a saloon, general store, Pony Express office, opera house and casino, undertaker, and barber shop, highlighted by cowboy actors who staged gunfights at high noon.
History
Weiss invested $2 million (about $13.5 million in 2010 dollars) to build the park, carving out a 200-acre oak hammock out of the 5,000 acres he owned between Flamingo Road and U.S. 27 in what was then rural southwestern Broward County. Architects and interior designers commissioned by Weiss worked on the park for two years before its opening, carefully examining Civil War era photos to perfect the architecture and design of the Old West.
Weiss bought a 19th-century steam locomotive in Pennsylvania and two paddle-wheel boats built in Miami, Florida for the park as well as refurbished antique fire engines and a Wells Fargo stagecoach. Gandy dancers laid almost a half-mile of narrow gauge railroad track for a train to carry visitors around the park. Weiss also dredged a lake and a canal for the paddleboats to ferry visitors from the parking lot into the park. In addition, Weiss surrounded the town at the center of the park with an Indian village, a gold mining area, and a petting zoo with pony rides.
Demise
Weiss, however, had no experience managing a theme park, and was unprepared for the heavy operating costs, summer thunderstorms, and difficulties posed by managing large crowds. It rained or threatened to rain 77 of the first 90 days the park was open; the area received 21 inches of rain in June 1966, the first full month the park was open. In addition, the park was located on a two-lane country road seven miles from the Florida Turnpike, the nearest major highway at the time. Faced with mixed box office results and depleted cash operating reserves, the park closed in February 1968.
Most of the park was demolished to make way for the Kapok Tree restaurant and banquet facility, that operated on the site from 1974 to 1990. Today, the land is the site of the county-run Long Key Natural Area and Nature Center. The dredged lake and canal remain, and the railroad right of way still exists as a horse trail. The exhibit hall at the Nature Center contains a promotional poster and several old photos of Pioneer City.
References
External links
Pioneer City at Florida's Lost Tourist Attractions
Long Key Natural Area and Nature Center
Defunct amusement parks in Florida
Davie, Florida
1966 establishments in Florida
1968 disestablishments in Florida |
The Merritton Tunnel, also known as the Blue Ghost Tunnel and the Grand Trunk Railway Tunnel, is an abandoned railway tunnel in Thorold, Ontario. The decision to build the tunnel came from the need for a more durable and less interrupted way to cross the new canal situated directly above it via vehicles. Constructed in 1875, Completed in 1876, and Opened in 1881. The tunnel is located between locks 18 and 19 of the former third Welland Canal and was built using Queenston limestone, spanning a total length of 713 feet when including the winged stone work at either end. Hundreds of men armed with picks and shovels, as well as several horses were used in the excavation of the tunnel. The tunnel was used periodically until 1915, when Harry Eastwood was the last official engineer to pilot a train through the tunnel. Following that, the tunnel was used only occasionally by farmers to transport cattle or as a safe passage from the weather.
Accidents
Several fatal accidents occurred during the construction and use of the tunnel and the railway running through it. In 1875, a 14-year-old was killed when he was crushed under a large rock. On January 3, 1903 at 7:03 AM, Engine Number 4 and Engine Number 975 met in a head-on collision approximately a third of a mile from the western entrance of the tunnel. The trains were moving at approximately 22 miles per hour when they crashed, and the firemen of both trains, Charles Horning of Engine Number 4 and Abraham Desult from Engine Number 975, died as a result of their injuries. In total, 107 men were killed during the construction of the tunnel and the canal in its surrounding area.
References
External links
Tunnels Of The Welland Canal
Google Map of Tunnel
Buildings and structures in St. Catharines
Railway tunnels in Ontario
Rail infrastructure in the Regional Municipality of Niagara |
Dahanayakage Nihal Ranjith Silva (Sinhala:නිහාල් සිල්වා) (10 January 1954 – 3 December 1989), popularly known as Nihal Silva, was a Sri Lankan comedian and actor. He rose to fame playing Sargeant Nallathambi in the play of the same name. The character was a stereotypical Tamil Hindu with a bald head, small moustache, police suit and Vibhuti, three lines of ash, on his forehead.
Personal life
Silva was born on January 10, 1954, in Kirilapone and grew up in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka as the youngest of the family. His father was Dahanayakage Andrew De Silva, who worked in Railway Department. His mother was Wataketiya Rajapaksage Lucyhami. She worked as a hospital attendant. Silva has three elder sisters, Malini, Shriyawathi and Padmini and three elder brothers, Nimal, Siripala. Silva educated at Sri Waishaka Vidyalaya, Wellawatte and Sri Watawala Maha Vidyalaya, Hatton.
Death
Silva was shot to death by Sri Lanka Army soldiers as he ignored warnings and ran a checkpoint on December 3, 1989, in Dehiwela; he possibly did not understand the situation due to inebriation.
Career
Nihal first acted in the 1975 Vesak drama, Desha Drohiya directed by Asoka Senarath Mudali for the Kirulapone Pradeshiya Sabha Youth Union.
Asoka Senarath Mudalige was given the opportunity to perform for the first time on a public stage. He played the father of two other friends Raja and Jinadasa in the drama Mehve Rate. He was in the police station when Premadasa Hettigoda produced a play Bahukolam Sohon Bere. He subsequently had roles in stage plays like Amal Biso, Ambalamaka Nade and Le Kandulu.
His maiden cinema acting came through 1974 film Hadawath Naththo with an uncredited role in a dance troop. Nihal has been given the opportunity to act in a movie as a character in the 1980 film Jodu Walalu directed by S. Dayananda's with a role of Tamil garden watcher. Nihal played the role "Maddume" in the film Kadira, which has influenced to give the opportunity to play a character in the film Rosy by director Yasapalitha Nanayakkara. Then he acted in many commercially successful films such as Sathweni Dawasa, Ahimi Dadayama, Kawuluwa and Kiri Madu Wal.
Nihal first worked as a drama producer in the play Sathuro directed by Jayasekara Aponsu. Then he produced the play Sabhawaniya Kaakko where Australian actor John Musso is also acted in the play. Nihal subsequently produced Rudira Wanija drama and then worked in Kawuruth Enne Nehe and Ayith Ithin Heta produced by Pathiraja L. S. Dayananda. Some of his notable stage drama acting came through Punthila and Ran Salakuna. He first played Sajan Nallathambi in the play Neinage Suduwa by Daya Wayaman in 1985. The play Sajan Nallathambi was one of the first Sri Lankan plays to be a financial success. It was hugely popular, even playing in the Middle East to Sinhala audiences with successful 366 shows. After its run, a slew of similar comedies like Ralla, Commando Diyasena, and Vadamaarachi appeared in Sri Lankan theaters inspired by its success.
Filmography
No. denotes the Number of Sri Lankan film in the Sri Lankan cinema.
References
External links
Nihal Silva's Biography in Sinhala Cinema Database
1954 births
1989 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan murder victims
People murdered in Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan male film actors
20th-century Sri Lankan male actors |
During its history as independent entity, Mantua had different rulers who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from the Middle Ages to the early modern period.
From 970 to 1115, the Counts of Mantua were members of the House of Canossa. During its time as free commune and signoria ("lordship"), the Lords of Mantua were exponents of the Bonacolsi and Gonzaga families. From 1328, Mantua was informally led by Gonzagas until 1433, when Gianfrancesco Gonzaga assumed the noble title of Marquess of Mantua. In 1530, Federico II received the title of Duke of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the vacant Marquisate of Montferrat through marriage.
In 1627, Duke Vincent II deceased without heirs, ending the original line of Gonzagas. From 1628 to 1631, a succession war was fought between the Duke of Guastalla, supported by the Holy Roman Empire, and the Duke of Nevers, supported by France, for the control of the Duchy of Mantua. Finally, the Duke of Nevers was recognized as only Duke.
In 1708, Mantua was seized by the Habsburgs, ending Gonzaga rule. Montferrat's territories were ceded to the Duke of Savoy. The emperor compensated the Duke of Lorraine, heir in the female line of the Gonzaga, for the loss of Montferrat by ceding the Duchy of Teschen to the Lorraine. In 1745, Mantua was formally unified with the Duchy of Milan, until its dissolution in 1796.
Counts of Mantua (970–1115)
House of Canossa
Lords of Mantua (1272–1433)
Marquesses of Mantua (1433–1530)
House of Gonzaga
Dukes of Mantua (1530–1708)
House of Gonzaga
House of Gonzaga-Nevers
References
External links
"A complete genealogical tree of the House of Gonzaga"
"The House of Gonzaga, heirs to the sovereign marquessate of Mantua"
I Gonzaga di Mantova
Mantua
1328 establishments in Europe
1708 disestablishments in Italy
Duchy of Mantua
Mantua |
Urodacus giulianii is a species of scorpion in the Urodacidae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 1977 by L. E. Koch.
Description
The holotype is 55 mm in length. Colouration is orange-brown to dark brown.
Distribution and habitat
The species occurs in arid central Australia – the southern Northern Territory, north-western South Australia and eastern Western Australia.
Behaviour
The scorpions dig deep spiral burrows in open ground.
References
giulianii
Scorpions of Australia
Endemic fauna of Australia
Arthropods of the Northern Territory
Arthropods of South Australia
Arthropods of Western Australia
Animals described in 1977 |
Timberlake is an unincorporated community in south-central Person County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 6,921 at the 2010 census. It lies between Roxboro and Durham along the US Highway 501 corridor through Person County. The economy of this community is dominated by tobacco agriculture and manufacturing.
History
Timberlake was one of several communities affected by a 2010 tornado outbreak.
Culture
Although Timberlake has a fairly large population for an unincorporated municipality, it does not have a large number of businesses. The majority of residents work and do business in the nearby municipalities of Roxboro, Durham and Hillsborough.
Demographics
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 6,921 people in 2,684 households. The racial composition of the town was 82.9% White, 13.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Vietnamese, 1.1% some other race, and 1.5% of two or more races. 2.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Out of the population it only has a 5.5% unemployment rate.
Notable people
Wendy Palmer - UNCG Women's Basketball Head Coach
John Dee Holeman - American Blues Artist
Mary Jayne Harrelson - two time NCAA national track champion, six time All-American
Points of interest
Person County Airport
Education
Helena Elementary School
References
Unincorporated communities in Person County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina |
The 2007 Southern Illinois Salukis football team represented Southern Illinois University as a member of the Gateway Football Conference during the 2007 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by seventh-year head coach Jerry Kill and played their home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois. The Salukis finished the season with a 12–2 record overall and a 5–1 record in conference play. The team received an at-large bid to the FCS playoffs, where they defeated Eastern Illinois and UMass before losing to Delaware in the semifinals. Southern Illinois was ranked No. 3 in The Sports Network's postseason ranking of FCS teams.
Schedule
References
Southern Illinois
Southern Illinois Salukis football seasons
Southern Illinois Salukis football |
Birth of the Blues is a 1941 American musical film directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring Bing Crosby, Mary Martin and Brian Donlevy.
The plot loosely follows the origins and breakthrough success of the Original Dixieland Jass Band in New Orleans. It was well-received by critics on its release. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score. However, many of the songs, such as St. Louis Blues by W. C. Handy, were not new.
Plot
Although he is only twelve, Jeff Lambert is a very talented clarinetist, and although the boy's father has spent a small fortune to have Jeff taught the fundamentals of classical clarinet, the lad prefers to spend his time in New Orleans with a group of black jazz men who perform in a dive on Bourbon Street. As the boy grows into manhood, his love for jazz intensifies, and he forms his own group, much to the chagrin of his aging father.
Moving ahead, we find Jeff (Crosby) in his late twenties, and he and his boys have been unable to secure a job at any of the classier New Orleans cabarets and have been forced to limit their playing to street corners and to one-night stands in some of the dingier nightclubs. When his lead trombone player asks Jeff why the band can't seem to get anywhere, Jeff replies that he thinks the main problem is that the group lacks a hot trumpet player. He begins to search throughout New Orleans in the hope of finding a trumpet man who can fill the bill. He finds one in a local jail and promises to bail the fellow out as soon as he can raise the money. This he does, and the trumpet player, named Memphis (Brian Donlevy), agrees to become a member of Jeff's band.
At the same time, Jeff notices a young lady called Betty Lou (Mary Martin) being overcharged by a horse-cab driver. He takes pity on her and her Aunt Phoebe (Carolyn Lee) and he invites them to stay with him. Memphis is attracted to Betty Lou and he gets her a job at a club owned by Blackie (J. Carrol Naish) and she agrees to the job if Blackie will take on Jeff's band and he reluctantly agrees to do so.
With a great trumpet player, Jeff's band becomes the most popular jazz band on Bourbon Street. All goes well until they find out that the owner of the club, Blackie is a racketeer who uses his night spot only as a convenient front for his criminal interests. Jeff and the boys decide to leave Blackie's club and go on to other things, but when they tell Blackie of their plans, the gangster threatens to kill them one by one. Jeff takes a swing at Blackie, which causes a violent saloon brawl between Blackie and his gang and Jeff and his boys. During the fight, Jeff's good friend Louey (Eddie "Rochester" Anderson) is injured when he is cracked over the head with a bottle. When the riot is over, Jeff and the boys take the unconscious Louey home to his wife, Ruby (Ruby Elzy). As she tearfully bemoans her husband's injury, Jeff and the band play a moving musical tribute to their fallen comrade. Slowly Louey regains consciousness.
A few weeks later, Jeff and his band have still another unpleasant run-in with Blackie. This time, the gangster is accidentally killed by one of his own henchmen, leaving Jeff, Betty Lou, and the band to move on to better things.
Cast
Bing Crosby as Jeff Lambert
Mary Martin as Betty Lou Cobb
Brian Donlevy as Memphis
Carolyn Lee as Aunt Phoebe Cobb
Eddie "Rochester" Anderson as Louey
J. Carrol Naish as Blackie
Warren Hymer as Limpy
Horace McMahon as Wolf
Ruby Elzy as Ruby
Jack Teagarden as Pepper
Danny Beck as Deek
Harry Barris as Suds
Perry Botkin Sr. as Leo
Minor Watson as Henri Lambert
Harry Rosenthal as Piano Player
Donald Kerr as Skeeter, Barbershop Musician
Barbara Pepper as Maizie
Cecil Kellaway as Granet
Production credits
Victor Schertzinger - director
Monta Bell - associate producer
Harry Tugend - screenplay, story
Walter DeLeon - screenplay
Robert Emmett Dolan - musical supervision and direction
Arthur Franklin - musical adviser
William C. Mellor - director of photography
Hans Dreier - art direction
Ernst Fegté - art direction
Paul Weatherwax - editor
Edith Head - costumes
Earl Hayman - sound recording
John Cope - sound recording
Reception
The film was placed at No. 13 in the list of top-grossing movies for 1941 in the USA.
The reviews were positive with Bosley Crowther of The New York Times commenting: "The Paramount has got a nice picture to greet the holidays... On the basis of story alone, 'Birth of the Blues' rates a less-than-passing grade. But as a series of illustrated jam sessions and nifty presentations of songs and jokes it is as pleasant an hour-and-a-half killer as the musically inclined could wish. Not only does feckless Bing Crosby play the clarinetist in his best unpremeditated vein, but he also has Mary Martin, Brian Donlevy, Eddie (Rochester) Anderson and Jack Teagarden with his orchestra to abet him. And although they give the impression of improvising, more or less, as they go, Director Victor Schertzinger has given to their sauntering a very smooth, easy-going pace. . . For sweet and fancy singing that makes your muscles twitch, there is Mr. Crosby and Miss Martin doing truly delightful things with 'Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie' and a new number, 'The Waiter, the Porter and the Upstairs Maid.' And for dipping deep on the low chords, you can’t ask for anything more than Mr. Crosby’s ‘Melancholy Baby’ and those mournful ‘St. Louis Blues,’ sung by one Ruby Elzy, with the Teagarden band moaning behind. Obviously, this little picture is not the ultimate saga of early jazz. But it begins to perceive the possibilities. As the 'cats' say, it takes more than it leaves."
Variety summed it up saying: "‘Birth of the Blues’ is Bing Crosby’s best filmusical to date. It’ll sing plenty of black ink at the b. o... Crosby bings personally with solo vocals, ensemble clowning and kidding-on-the-square crooning, the most legit being ‘Melancholy Baby’ (with Carolyn Lee): ‘By the Light of the Silvery Moon’ in a tiptop illustrated song slide routine in one of those early picture-houses: and thematically does ‘Birth of the Blues’ as the credits unreel..."
Soundtrack
"The Birth of the Blues" sung by Bing Crosby
"At a Georgia Camp Meeting" (Kerry Mills) played by negro band
"St. James Infirmary" featured by Jack Teagarden Orchestra and a few parody lines by Bing Crosby
"The Memphis Blues" sung by Bing Crosby with Jack Teagarden Orchestra.
"By the Light of the Silvery Moon" sung by Bing Crosby
"Tiger Rag" featured by Jack Teagarden Orchestra
"Waiting at the Church" sung by Mary Martin
"Cuddle up a Little Closer" sung by Mary Martin
"Wait 'Till the Sun Shines, Nellie" sung by Bing Crosby and Mary Martin
"The Trick to the Blues" sung by Eddie Anderson
"After the Ball" played by orchestra
"Shine" featured by Jack Teagarden Orchestra
"My Melancholy Baby" sung by Bing Crosby
"The Waiter and the Porter and the Upstairs Maid" (Johnny Mercer) sung by Bing Crosby, Mary Martin and Jack Teagarden
"St. Louis Blues" sung by Bing Crosby, Ruby Elzy and choir.
Bing Crosby recorded a number of the songs for Decca Records. "The Waiter and the Porter and the Upstairs Maid" charted briefly in the No. 23 position. Crosby's songs were also included in the Bing's Hollywood series.
References
Bibliography
Gabbard, Krin. Jammin' at the Margins: Jazz and the American Cinema. University of Chicago Press, 1996.
Davis, Ronald L. Mary Martin: Broadway Legend. University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.
External links
1941 films
1941 musical films
American musical films
Films directed by Victor Schertzinger
Films set in New Orleans
1940s English-language films
1940s American films
English-language musical films |
Adi Mešetović (born 30 April 1997) is a Bosnian swimmer. He competed in the men's 50 metre butterfly event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Bosnia and Herzegovina male swimmers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Swimmers at the 2015 European Games
European Games competitors for Bosnia and Herzegovina
Swimmers at the 2018 Mediterranean Games
Male butterfly swimmers
Mediterranean Games competitors for Bosnia and Herzegovina |
International Art Event Design Festa, abbreviated as Design Festa, is a large art, performance, fashion and music festival and convention, held biannually at the Tokyo Big Sight convention center in Japan. The event was founded in 1994, and anyone with original work to display is eligible to participate, regardless of genre.
History
Design Festa (originally Design•Festa) was founded in 1994 by former Fashion designer and stylist Kunie Usuki. The first event was held on 11 September 1994 and featured 830 booths displaying a mixture of performance, installations and painting.
In 2011, more than 8,500 artists from around the world took part in Design Festa, and more than 60,000 people visited the exhibits.
By 2013, the convention had been held more than 35 times and more than 10,000 artists participated.
At Design Festa vol.47 in May 2018, the convention welcomed 59,921 visitors and 15,000 artists; the largest amount in the history of the event.
Festival events
Design Festa includes a mix of events from music, painting, food and fashion to Crafts, photography, toys and performances. Health services, fortune-telling and the illegal sale of Copyrighted work have been prohibited since 2011.
The festival has a large booth area, which includes a "Dimmed Lighting" section. The 30th festival introduced Mini Live Paint areas and Kids Areas. The theatre area includes a 300-inch screen for film and video exhibitions. The main performance space features fashion exhibitions, music performances and dance. There is also a stage for live concerts. There is a separate restaurant, café and bar area which includes 13 to 15 international restaurant stalls.
References
External links
Official website
Recurring events established in 1994
1994 establishments in Japan
Festivals in Tokyo
Cultural conferences |
Seeman () is a 1994 Indian Tamil-language film, written and directed by Raj Kapoor. The film stars Karthik and Sukanya. It was released on 15 April 1994.
Plot
Cast
Karthik as Collector Chandru I. A. S
Sukanya as Bhagyam
Jai Ganesh as Church Father
Kavitha as Abirami
Goundamani as Dawali
Senthil
Salim Ghouse as Masanam
Manorama
Silk Smitha
Sindhu
Vadivukkarasi
Vagai Chandrasekhar
Thalapathy Dinesh
Thyagu
Udayprakash as Mani
Shanmugasundari
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Vaali.
Reception
The Indian Express gave a negative review citing "Raj Kapoor [..] has not done justice to the talented artiste Karthik". R. P. R. of Kalki wrote no matter which donkey the story goes on till the interval; then there is a little suspense, and then there are seven to eight fights to give it a happy end, which almost becomes the whole formula of this series, he panned Ilaiyaraaja's music and praised cinematography as the only positive point.
References
External links
1990s Tamil-language films
1994 films
Films directed by Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja |
The Queen River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately . There is one dam along the river's length.
Course
The river rises out of Dead Swamp in West Greenwich and flows due south through Exeter and into South Kingstown where it converges with Glen Rock Brook to become the Usquepaug River.
Crossings
Below is a list of all crossings over the Queen River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.
Exeter
Ten Rod Road (RI 102)
William Reynolds Road
Mail Road
South Kingstown
Dugway Road
Tributaries
In addition to many unnamed tributaries, the following brooks feed the Queen:
Sodom Brook
Locke Brook
Rake Factory Brook
See also
List of rivers in Rhode Island
Usquepaug River
References
Maps from the United States Geological Survey
Rivers of Kent County, Rhode Island
Rivers of Washington County, Rhode Island
West Greenwich, Rhode Island
Exeter, Rhode Island
South Kingstown, Rhode Island
Rivers of Rhode Island
Tributaries of Pawcatuck River
Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States |
Arıköy () is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silvan, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 479 in 2022.
References
Neighbourhoods in Silvan District
Kurdish settlements in Diyarbakır Province |
Ciecierzyn may refer to the following places:
Ciecierzyn, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
Ciecierzyn, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
Ciecierzyn, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland) |
Felbrigg Woods is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-west of Cromer in Norfolk. It is the main part of the grounds of Felbrigg Hall, a National Trust property which is listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2, and it is in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Ancient trees in this wood have more than fifty species of lichen, including several which are rare in East Anglia. Many of them are indicators of ancient undisturbed woodland. The trees are mainly beech which have been pollarded many years ago, and have massive stools and boles.
References
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Norfolk
Nature Conservation Review sites
Felbrigg |
Wilderness Volunteers (WV) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization created in 1997 to organize and promote volunteer service to America's wild lands. WV works with public land agencies including the National Park Service, the Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. They offer adventure service trips with a variety of projects including trail construction and maintenance, campsite restoration, revegetation, invasive plant removal, and cleanup. All trips are led by volunteer leaders. Trips are one week long and are limited to 12 or fewer participants. Wilderness Volunteers teaches and follows Leave No Trace outdoor living skills and ethics.
Mission statement
Stewardship of America's wild lands through organizing and promoting volunteer service in cooperation with public land agencies.
Organization
Wilderness Volunteers is governed by a volunteer Board of Directors, each serving a three-year term. A president is elected annually by the Board from among its members and is not paid. The executive director runs the day-to-day operations of the group, and is a paid staff member. In addition to the executive director, there is a full-time Program Manager. There are approximately 120 volunteer staff who lead the projects in the field, giving generously of their time and resources to support the program.
Awards
Wilderness Volunteers received a Presidential Volunteer Service Award for making a difference through volunteer service in 2013.
In 2017 Wilderness Volunteers was awarded the National Park Service Wes Henry National Wilderness Stewardship non-government partner award.
References
External links
http://www.wildernessvolunteers.org
Guidestar Profile: Wilderness Volunteers
Wilderness Volunteers Help Rebuild Trail
Wilderness Volunteers help with reforestation at Hakalau National Wildlife Refuge
National Forest Service Site
The Wilderness Society: Volunteer Vacations in Wilderness
Wilderness Volunteers Project Photos on SmugMug
Serviceleader.org: Guide to Volunteering Outdoors in Parks and Wilderness Areas
Environmental organizations based in Arizona |
Arcadius Kahan (January 16, 1920 – 1982) was a 20th-century economic historian and Professor at the University of Chicago. Arcadius was author of Russian Economic History, The Nineteenth Century as well as The Plow the Hammer and the Knout The latter book presents his explanation of the foundation in the Eighteenth Century of the Russian economy and power structure.
Kahan had been a student in the Jewish Labor Bund when the Nazis invaded his country, Poland, in 1939. He joined an underground group which engaged in acts of sabotage and which struggled not to be caught, a group in which he became a leader. After the Soviet army pushed the Nazis out of Poland, he expected to help in forming a new government. Instead, the Soviets set up their own state within Poland. Kahan faced severe persecution that included a stay in a prison and reeducation facility used by the Soviets which was on the site of a wartime extermination camp. Kahan was forced to leave Eastern Europe.
After his arrival in the United States he earned a Masters in 1954 and Ph.D. in 1958 in Economics from Rutgers University.
He joined the Economics faculty at the University of Chicago in 1955. As a member of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago, Kahan straddled a fine line between the principles which he brought from his socialist youth and the neoclassical school of economic thought associated with the Department. He won the confidence of Milton Friedman with his work on the economic effects of the persecution of Jews in 19th century Russia. Kahan concluded that this had a significant impact on Russia's economic backwardness, particularly as compared with western Europe. He argued that this was an example of dysfunctional governmental interference in the economy, which drew on the methodology of the neoliberals in the Chicago school.
Sources
The Hammer, the Plow, and the Knout, Kahan, UC Press, Chicago 1985
Essays in Jewish Social and Economic History, Kahan, UC Press, Chicago, 1986
University of Chicago faculty
1920 births
1982 deaths
Writers from Łódź
People from Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939)
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
Polish emigrants to the United States
American male non-fiction writers |
The Countrywide financial political loan scandal in 2008-2009 involved U.S. politicians who allegedly received favorable mortgage rates.
In June 2008 Conde Nast Portfolio reported that numerous Washington, DC politicians over recent years had received mortgage financing at noncompetitive rates at Countrywide Financial because the corporation placed the officeholders in a program called "FOA's"--"Friends of Angelo", Countrywide's Chief Executive Angelo Mozilo. The politicians extended such favorable financing included the chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, Christopher Dodd (D-CT), and the chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, Kent Conrad (D-ND). The article also noted Countrywide's political action committee had made large donations to Dodd's campaign. The largest recipient of campaign contributions from Countrywide, though, was Rep. Ed Royce (R-CA), House Financial Services Committee), who has received $37,500 since 1989. Dodd has advocated that the federal government, through the Federal Housing Administration, insure up to $300 billion in refinanced mortgages for distressed homeowners.
It was reported by The Wall Street Journal on 6 June 2008 that 2 former CEOs of Fannie Mae, Franklin Raines and James A. Johnson, who was also an adviser to then-Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, had received loans from Countrywide. On July 16, 2008, The Washington Post reported that Franklin Raines had "taken calls from Barack Obama's presidential campaign seeking his advice on mortgage and housing policy matters." However, Raines and the Obama campaign both allege that Raines has never advised Obama. See Raines and Obama.
On 18 June 2008, a Congressional ethics panel started examining allegations that Democratic Senators Christopher Dodd of Connecticut (the sponsor of a major $300 billion housing rescue bill) and Kent Conrad of North Dakota received preferential loans by troubled mortgage lender Countrywide Financial Corp.
Dodd has faced criticism for his role in this scandal from Connecticut's largest newspaper, the Hartford Courant as well as from the Connecticut Republican party. Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW) named Dodd its June 2008 "Porker of the Month" for accepting a preferential mortgage deal from Countrywide Financial which stands to benefit from a mortgage bill he is pushing through Congress.
On January 6, 2010, Dodd announced that he would not run for re-election.
On January 18, 2011, Conrad announced that he would not run for re-election in 2012, but would retire.
See also
Friends of Angelo program
References
Countrywide scandal
Countrywide scandal
Congressional scandals
Political scandals in the United States
Political controversies in the United States
2008 in the United States
2009 in the United States
2008 scandals
2009 scandals
Chris Dodd
Countrywide scandal |
The 2006 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2005–06 season. It was held at the World Arena in Colorado Springs, USA on January 25–28. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The compulsory dance was the Tango Romantica.
Medals table
Results
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
External links
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, 2006
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
Sports competitions in Colorado Springs, Colorado
Four Continents
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
2000s in Colorado Springs, Colorado |
Oncken is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arthur Oncken Lovejoy, a German-born American philosopher
August Oncken (1844–1911), a German economist (German article)
Hermann Oncken (1867–1945), a German historian
Johann Gerhard Oncken (1800–1884), a pioneer German Baptist preacher
Wilhelm Oncken (1835–1905), a German historian
See also
Onken (disambiguation) |
Yangi-Aul (; , Yañawıl) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Bakhmutsky Selsoviet, Kuyurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 15 as of 2010. There is 1 street.
Geography
Yangi-Aul is located 14 km southeast of Yermolayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bakhmut is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kuyurgazinsky District |
The men's long jump at the 2023 World Athletics Championships was held at the National Athletics Centre in Budapest on 23 and 24 August 2023.
Summary
Only four athletes were able to make the 8.15m automatic qualifier in the preliminary round. Wayne Pinnock's world leader and teammate Carey McLeod were the only two to make a qualifier on the first attempt. Every other jumper had to take all three attempts. It took exactly 8 metres to qualify, 7.99m did not make it.
It took 8 attempts in the first round before Thobias Montler achieved the first 8 metre jump and that was exactly 8.00m. The next jumper was Olympic Champion and returning silver medalist Miltiadis Tentoglou, who jumped 8.50m. Now the competition got serious. Next on the runway, Pinnock jumped 8.40m. At the end of the round, defending champion Wang Jianan did an 8.05m to move into third. The next jumper starting the second round, 2019 champion Tajay Gayle displaced Wang with an 8.17m. That lasted three jumpers until McLeod displaced him with an 8.27m. When Pinnock took his second attempt, it was also measured at 8.50m--a tie. The tie is broken with the second best attempt, so Pinnock's 8.40m put him in the lead. In the third round, Tentoglou jumped 8.39m, just one cm short of Pinnock's second best. And that was the way it would remain until the final attempts when Gayle's last attempt also was measured at 8.27m, another tie broken by his 8.17m. Suddenly off the podium, next on the runway, McLeod was only able to muster a 7.19m. Next up, Tentoglou hit to take the lead. As the leader coming in to the final round, Pinnock got last licks, but his 8.38m wasn't enough for the win. Jamaica took 2-4 places.
Records
Before the competition records were as follows:
Qualification standard
The standard to qualify automatically for entry was 8.25 m.
Schedule
The event schedule, in local time (UTC+2), was as follows:
Results
Qualification
The qualification round took place on 23 August, in two groups, both starting at 11:15. Athletes attaining a mark of at least 8.15 metres ( Q ) or at least the 12 best performers ( q ) qualified for the final.
Final
The final was started on 24 August at 19:30.
References
Long jump
Long jump at the World Athletics Championships |
Incredible Mama (), is a 2015 superhero action comedy television series produced by Hong Kong Television Network. Originally 25 episodes, the series was condensed into 9. The first episode premiered on February 9, 2015.
Cast
Kara Hui as Chung-Sam Fat-yuen (鍾沈法婉)
She is actually the famous gangster Black Rose (黑玫瑰), one of the gang Justice Union (正義聯盟), who is wanted by the police force. The wife of Chung Hok-saang, the mother of Chung Lok-shan, Lok-seoi and Lok-guk.
David Chiang as Chung Hok-saang (鍾學笙)
One of the writers of Sat Daily (實報), the newspaper. The husband of Fat-yuen, father of Lok-shan, Lok-seoi and Lok-guk. Finally discover that Fat-yuen is the gangster Black Rose who is wanted by the police and disappointed in her.
Sam Chan as Chung Lok-shan (鍾樂山)
An ordinary police officer, the son of Fat-yuen and Hok-saang. The boyfriend of Anna.
Carlos Chan as Chung Lok-tin (鍾樂田)
Originally named Luk Gwan-chi (陸君梓). Adopted by Fat-yuen and Hok-saang. He's actually the son of Sir Luk Gwan-chong.
Maggie Wong as Chung Lok-seoi (鍾樂水)
A form 6 secondary school student. She's actually the gangster Little Hero.
Henry Leung as Chung Lok-guk (鍾樂谷)
A form 1 secondary school student.
Dominic Lam as Sir Luk Gwan-chong (陸君莊警司)
A policeman who is actually the gangster White General. The father of Chung Lok-tin (originally named Luk Gwan-chi).
Felix Lok as Hung Shue-lam (洪樹臨)
The owner of the Hung-shue Group who is actually the gangster Red-flower Man (紅花俠).
Mimi Kung as To Hoi-wing (杜凱詠)
One of the gangsters who named Golden Cat of Justice Union.
Kathy Yuen as Anna Tai On-nah/ Angelina Tai On-kei
Mannor Chan as Ngau Siu-chun (牛小津) (Yellow Bird)
One of the gangsters of Justice Union.
Adrian Wong
Pai Piao as Sau Sin-fung (仇先鋒)
Nicknamed North Point Captain. A former policeman who worked in the North Point Police Station.
Luvin Ho
Mason Chiu
Cheng Ka-sang as Gam Yim-lo (金閻羅) / Lo Yim-gam (羅炎金)
The head of a gang.
Hui Ming-chi
Kwok Fung as Fok Dak-wah (霍德華)
Janice Ting as Vanessa (雲妮沙特普)
Candy Chu
Shek Sau as Lung Man-san (龍文新), guest star episode 1
Yu Mo-lin, episode 4
Casper Chan, episode 5
References
External links
Official website
Hong Kong Television Network original programming
2015 Hong Kong television series debuts
2010s Hong Kong television series |
```xml
export function pluralize(val: number, word: string, plural = `${word}s`) {
return [1, -1].includes(Number(val)) ? word : plural;
}
export function addPlural(value: number, word: string, plural = `${word}s`) {
return `${value} ${pluralize(value, word, plural)}`;
}
``` |
Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Eidos Interactive. It was released for the PlayStation and Microsoft Windows in 1999 and for the Dreamcast in 2000. As the second game in the Legacy of Kain series, Soul Reaver is the sequel to Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain. Soul Reaver was followed by three games, one of which, Soul Reaver 2, is a direct sequel.
Taking place 1500 years after the events of Blood Omen, Soul Reaver chronicles the journey of the vampire-turned-wraith Raziel, lieutenant to the vampire lord Kain. Raziel is killed by Kain, but is revived by The Elder God to become his "soul reaver" and to exact revenge. Raziel shares this title with Kain's sword, the Soul Reaver, which he acquires during the game.
Crystal Dynamics began development of the game in 1997, but a deteriorating relationship with Silicon Knights, who had developed Blood Omen, created legal problems. This and other delays forced material originally planned for Soul Reaver to be instead released with later games of the series. Soul Reaver was generally well received by critics and praised for its intriguing gothic story and high-quality graphics. However, the game was criticized for simple and repetitive gameplay and an unsatisfying climax. By 2001, the game sold 1.5 million copies worldwide.
Gameplay
The player controls Raziel, a disfigured and ghostly vampire. The game is normally shown from a third-person perspective behind Raziel, but players can rotate the viewpoint around him. Gameplay relies largely on shifting between the material and spectral planes of existence to progress through areas. Although interaction with objects is limited in the spectral realm, this can be advantageous, because Raziel can phase through otherwise impassable gates there, and water is insubstantial, allowing him to walk on lakebeds; however, blocks, doors, and switches can be manipulated only in the physical realm. Many puzzles are based on the differences between the two realms; for example, platforms and environment features in one realm may change form to open new paths in the other. Block puzzles are also common and require the rotation, flipping, and moving of large blocks to progress, often with a time limit and while avoiding enemies.
Combat in Soul Reaver is a hack and slash system, involving the use of combinations of various different attacks before a finishing move. Raziel's enemies are grouped into humans, spectral creatures, and most commonly, vampires. Human enemies include peasants, vampire hunters and vampire worshippers. In the spectral realm, players fight minor enemies called Sluagh and the souls of dead vampires who have become wraiths. Each brood of vampire enemies has unique powers reminiscent of their clan leader. Human and spectral enemies can be killed with Raziel's claws or any weapon, but vampires must be bludgeoned into a stunned state and then destroyed by impaling them, setting them on fire, or tossing them into a hazard such as sunlight or water. When killed, enemies leave behind souls that replenish Raziel's health, which automatically decreases in the material realm and increases in the spectral. Possession of the Soul Reaver sword stops automatic degeneration of health in the physical realm, but Raziel loses the sword instantly if he sustains damage and can regain it only by restoring his health to full.
At first, Raziel can jump, glide using his torn wings, move blocks, and pick up and throw objects and enemies. Initially unarmed, he fights using his claws, but can alternatively use weapons such as rocks, torches, spears and staffs, and the Soul Reaver. Raziel can freely shift to the spectral realm, but can return to the material realm only through special portals when at full health. Raziel automatically shifts to the spectral realm if he runs out of health. As the game progresses, Raziel gains the powers of his clan brothers after defeating them and becomes able to phase through gates in the spectral realm and climb walls in the material realm. Initially vulnerable to water, he overcomes this weakness and learns to swim.
He also gains the ability to constrict objects and enemies with a band of energy, although this feature was one of the few abilities not to feature in future games. Players can find an ancient relic that gives Raziel the power to fire bolts of telekinetic energy, which cause little damage by themselves but can knock enemies into hazards and push objects from a distance. Baptism in holy flame can transform the Soul Reaver into the Fire Reaver, which can set enemies aflame and adds fire to Raziel's telekinetic bolts. Players can also find magical glyphs that allow Raziel to expend magical energy to attack groups of enemies simultaneously. These glyphs typically involve vampire weaknesses such as sunlight, fire, water, or sound, as well as additions such as telekinetic force (available well before the normal telekinesis becomes available) and the causing of earthquakes to temporarily stun enemies. Glyphs are acquired through finding glyph altars, specific locations in Nosgoth where the skills can be learned, and solving a puzzle before being granted the magical ability. However, Raziel begins the game with access to the 'Shift' glyph, granting the ability to shift between the material and spectral planes, with no glyph altar necessary.
Plot
Setting
Soul Reaver takes place within the fictional world of Nosgoth, where the health of the land is tied to the nine Pillars of Nosgoth, and each pillar in turn is represented by a guardian. Before the events of Soul Reaver, the guardians became corrupt, and, after Kain killed eight of them, he discovered he was the final one. Refusing to sacrifice himself to restore the Pillars, he doomed Nosgoth to eternal decay and proceeded to raise his vampire lieutenants, including Raziel, to besiege the land. By the time of Soul Reavers introduction, the vampires are now the land's dominant species and apex predators, the humans have been decimated, and the vampire tribes have each claimed a region of Nosgoth and turned their attention to internal matters. Unknown to the vampires, beneath Nosgoth lurks The Elder God, an ancient and powerful entity. The Elder God controls the Wheel of Fate, a cycle of reincarnation of souls that circle the Wheel in a loop of predestination; however, because vampires are immortal, their souls do not spin with the Wheel, causing the land to decay as the Wheel stalls. By the time that Raziel is revived centuries after the game's opening cinematic, Nosgoth is on the brink of collapse, little more than a wasteland wracked with cataclysms and earthquakes.
Characters
The protagonist of Soul Reaver is the vampire-turned-wraith Raziel, whom Kain casts to death at the beginning of the game. Although Kain is the protagonist of the previous game, Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain, he is the primary antagonist and final boss of Soul Reaver. The Elder God resurrects and assists Raziel, explains the game's controls, and describes previous events in the story. Ariel, who preceded Kain as the guardian of the Pillar of Balance, appears as a spirit and offers Raziel advice on occasion. During his quest, Raziel meets his brothers - Melchiah, Zephon, Rahab and Dumah - who serve as the game's bosses. Each has developed different powers that Raziel partially gains by killing them and devouring their souls. A fifth brother, Turel, was omitted due to time constraints on development.
Story
Raziel approaches Kain's throne and extends newly grown wings. In an act of seeming jealousy, Kain tears the bones from Raziel's wings and has him thrown into the Lake of the Dead, a large natural whirlpool; however, Raziel is resurrected as a wraith by The Elder God to become his "soul reaver" and kill Kain, thus restoring Nosgoth. With The Elder God's guidance, Raziel adapts to his new form and returns to Nosgoth. Infiltrating a Necropolis inhabited by the Melchahim vampires, Raziel finds his brother Melchiah, who has devolved into a beast unable to sustain his own flesh. After Raziel kills Melchiah and absorbs his soul, he confronts Kain among the ruined Pillars of Nosgoth in the Sanctuary of the Clans. Kain does not appear surprised to see Raziel, apparently having even been expecting him, and implies that he has destroyed Raziel's vampire clan, which only enrages Raziel even further. When Raziel begins to criticize him, Kain simply launches a tirade against him before noting what has become of the empire and engaging him in combat. Kain quickly overpowers Raziel and attempts to strike him down with the Soul Reaver, a powerful sword that absorbs its victims' souls, but the Reaver shatters when it strikes Raziel, and Kain escapes, strangely satisfied. Raziel enters the spectral realm to find the blade's soul-devouring spectral form, which binds itself to him. After this, Raziel meets Ariel, who restores his strength, and learns of Zephon's location from The Elder God.
Raziel ventures into a large cathedral once inhabited by the humans and finds the Zephonim clan. After ascending into the cathedral's spires, he finds that Zephon is now a large insect like creature whose body has merged into the cathedral spire in which he dwells. Raziel kills Zephon and uses the gained power to infiltrate an ancient crypt. There, Raziel discovers coffins for members of the Sarafan, a fanatical order of vampire hunters killed centuries before Kain's rule. To Raziel's horror, he finds the crypt was designated for him and his brothers; as cruel irony, Kain revived the Sarafan to serve him as his vampire sons. Raziel ventures through a secret passage under the crypt and finds a flooded abbey inhabited by the Rahabim clan, whose members have mutated into amphibians; its leader, Rahab, has become a merman. Raziel tells Rahab what he has learned about their human pasts, but Rahab is unmoved, claiming that Kain "saved" them, and attacks. Raziel defeats Rahab and absorbs his soul, then crosses the Lake of the Dead to the abandoned fortress of his brother Dumah. The Elder God explains that the Dumahim vampires were scattered following an invasion of human hunters. Raziel eventually finds Dumah shackled to his throne with his heart pierced. Raziel revives Dumah and leads him into a giant furnace, burning him alive and absorbing his soul.
Afterward, Raziel discovers the Oracle's Cave, where Moebius the Time Streamer once hid the Chronoplast, a magical time machine. Raziel traverses the caves and finds Kain in the Chronoplast's control room. Raziel is angered over what he has learned but Kain says that his actions are justified due to being subject to destiny, and when Raziel confronts him over transforming the Sarafan into vampires, Kain scoffs at his perception of them as noble crusaders defending Nosgoth. Raziel attacks Kain while the latter continues to adjust the Chronoplast's controls. Although Raziel eventually gains an advantage, the Chronoplast activates, and Kain escapes through a time portal, beckoning Raziel to follow. Raziel complies, ignoring warnings from The Elder God. At the end of the game, Raziel emerges from the timeslip and is greeted by Moebius.
Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver ends on a cliffhanger by showing a postscript, a verse where Moebius comments on the nature of time and his ability to "plunge the fate of planets into chaos", leading directly into the events of Soul Reaver 2.
Development
Soul Reaver entered development alongside Blood Omen 2 in 1997 and focused on puzzle solving instead of Blood Omen 2s action. During design, the development team created larger areas that could be explored more thoroughly as Raziel acquired new powers, avoiding the "shallow[ness]" of Blood Omens layout. Crystal Dynamics based Soul Reaver on Silicon Knights' research of vampire mythology for Blood Omen. Other aspects of the game, such as the idea of a fallen vampire who devoured souls, were inspired by the epic poem "Paradise Lost". According to senior designer Richard Lermarchand the "look and feel" of the game was inspired by "stylish vampire flicks...like Blade, Interview with the Vampire and Bram Stoker's Dracula", as well as "the more arty renderings of the old black and white Nosferatu and a great film for the 80s called Near Dark". Character and level designs were influenced by anime and manga, including Vampire Hunter D and the films of Hayao Miyazaki.
The staff aimed to develop gameplay similar to Tomb Raider and used an upgraded version of Gex 3s game engine to generate the three-dimensional game world. According to Lemarchand, they also aimed to combine gameplay with storytelling in a similar manner to The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past. Amy Hennig, the game's director, likened the technological advance from Blood Omen to Soul Reaver to the evolution of The Legend of Zelda series from the Super Nintendo to the Nintendo 64—bringing the franchise into 3D while maintaining a similar style.
Before Soul Reavers release, the relationship between Silicon Knights and Crystal Dynamics dissolved. Because their research was used, Silicon Knights filed an injunction to stop further promotion of the game. Other delays pushed the release date from October 1998 to August 1999.
These delays forced Crystal Dynamics to cut significant game material, including additional powers for Raziel, a third battle with Kain, and an expanded Glyph system which would have given elemental powers to the Soul Reaver. In an interview, series director Amy Hennig stated that the development team split the original, much larger plans in two after realizing that they had "over-designed the game", given the constraints on time and data. This decision explains Soul Reavers cliffhanger ending and the appearance of originally planned material in later games. Despite the split, Hennig explained that the team left unused components - such as extra power-ups and enemies - in Soul Reavers game engine to avoid unforeseen glitches that might have arisen from their removal.
Audio
Kurt Harland composed most of the music for Soul Reaver; Jim Hedges handled the remaining audio. Harland remarked that, under Amy Hennig's direction, he programmed music to change based on the current gameplay situation - for example, combat or swimming. This variation was accomplished through a custom Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) driver, which altered music based on signals from the game engine. Each vampire tribe had corresponding music; one tribe of vampires was associated with a slow, thumping theme to convey a sense of working machinery. To further fit the music to the environment, the sound team consulted level designers regarding layout and appearance. Music from both Soul Reaver and Soul Reaver 2 was released on a promotional soundtrack in 2001.
For the game's voice acting, Raziel was voiced by Michael Bell, and Tony Jay, who had provided the voice of Mortanius and other characters in Blood Omen, voiced The Elder God. Anna Gunn, Simon Templeman and Richard Doyle reprised their roles from Blood Omen as Ariel, Kain and Moebius. Bell, Templeman and Jay also provided the voices of Melchiah, Dumah and Zephon, respectively, and Neil Ross, who voiced Malek the Paladin and King Ottmar in Blood Omen, voiced Rahab.
Release
Marketing
Soul Reaver was showcased at the 1998 E3, where attendees were given free demo discs. Over time, further demo disks were released, including one bundled with Official PlayStation Magazine. Soul Reaver was released for the PC and Sony PlayStation in 1999 and for the Dreamcast version in 2000. The Dreamcast version used a much higher frame rate than did the PlayStation or PC version, and the Dreamcast port had further graphical enhancements. A Japanese release for the game was planned, but canceled. In 2000, Soul Reaver was added to Sony's "Greatest Hits" list, and the combined, global sales of its PlayStation, Dreamcast and computer versions surpassed 1.4 million units by late 2001. Sony later re-released the game for digital download on the PlayStation Network in 2009.
Eidos Interactive, the game's publisher, spent US$4,000,000 on a pre-release advertising campaign, which included magazine articles, television ads, and a tie-in comic book published by Top Cow Productions. Because such films like Stir of Echoes, The Sixth Sense, The Blair Witch Project and The Mummy had premiered earlier in 1999, Soul Reavers release was considered "ideally timed" for a horror-oriented game. The lack of load times was a key marketing point praised by several reviewers. After release, Eidos and BBI partnered to release action figures of Raziel and Kain.
ESRB rating
The PlayStation version of the game initially received a Teen rating from the ESRB, but this version's rating was increased to Mature when it was released as a Greatest Hits title, which is also retained with its PSN reissue. The Dreamcast port of the game had always been rated Mature.
Reception
Daniel Erickson reviewed the PlayStation version of the game for Next Generation, rating it four stars out of five, and stated that "Difficult puzzles and the omission of a map make this stylized game for hardcore adventure-gamers only."
Soul Reavers dark and gothic atmosphere was generally well-received, and several publications praised the game's cut scenes. IGN's reviewer called it "such an ambitious game – and one that achieves nearly everything it sets out to do – that few games come close to it", and praised the soundtrack for blending with the atmosphere unobtrusively. The Dreamcast port was cited as "perhaps one of the best looking console games ever made". Next Generation Magazine echoed this, stating that, "even if you own the PlayStation version, you may want to rent this anyway", but expressed disappointment that no new features were added to the Dreamcast port. AllGame's reviewer called the cut scenes "seamless", and their frequency neither too high nor too low. The game's storyline was praised by Game Informer as being "grim and interesting". Soul Reavers voice acting was also highly praised; GameSpot ranked this aspect of the game in its list of top ten "Best Voice Acting in Games". GameSpot also considered the atmosphere as rich as that of Blood Omen, yet less dramatically overstated, and considered the graphics "among the best that have ever been on the PlayStation."
GamePro praised the aspect of shifting between realms, particularly the visual effects involved. Similarly, Edge described the transition between realms as a "complex and inspired piece of design", noting that it makes players think on different levels and consider "each room as two rooms, the answer to a puzzle possibly existing in either." However, the magazine criticized the save system for occasionally forcing players to replay large sections of the game to get to new areas. IGN stated that acquiring and learning the powers of Raziel's brothers constituted part of the fun, and that Raziel's moves were well animated and articulated. Finding minimal difficulty in using camera controls, GameSpot likened them to those of Banjo-Kazooie and stated that players would want to adjust the camera deliberately to watch Raziel's movements. Presenting differences between Soul Reaver and the Tomb Raider series, AllGame stated that the game's puzzles would challenge "all but the most experienced gamers", while Game Informer considered the puzzles "difficult-to-the-point-of-insanity". Computer Gaming World enjoyed the devouring of souls.
Website reviewers deemed Soul Reavers gameplay too non-linear and its objectives too unclear. GameSpot criticized the warp system for using confusing symbols that did little or nothing to indicate the warp's destination, and weighed the fun of impaling vampires with the Soul Reaver against the lack of challenge presented by bosses and most enemies. Next Generation Magazine considered the game challenging due to "difficult puzzles and lack of a map", requiring the player to backtrack. The Tampa Tribune also criticized the camera controls, though noted that the "auto-facing" feature made the difficulties negligible. PC Zone criticized the PC port of the game for "chunky" graphics and bad camera controls, stating "it feels too much like a PlayStation release ported hurriedly on to the PC". Computer Gaming World similarly felt that the limitations of the PlayStation carried over in the PC port, rendering the latter's visuals "mind-numbingly boring". The publication praised the Lucifer-based story for engaging players, but was disappointed that "it peters out in an unsatisfying climax". Game Informer stated, "Even after years in development, Soul Reaver doesn't feel finished. It feels rushed." 1UP.com ranked Soul Reaver second on its "Top 5 Games That Ended Halfway Through", stating "it's pretty clear that the plot would have been a lot different if the money hadn't inconveniently run out." GamesRadar placed Soul Reaver at #4 on a 2007 list of the top seven video game apocalypses, regarding the post-apocalyptic Nosgoth as "one of the most fascinating wastelands we've ever explored".
During the 3rd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver for "Console Adventure/Role-Playing Game of the Year".
Notes
References
External links
1999 video games
Action-adventure games
Crystal Dynamics games
Dark fantasy video games
Dreamcast games
Eidos Interactive games
Legacy of Kain
PlayStation (console) games
Single-player video games
Video games about parallel universes
Video games about revenge
Video games about vampires
Video games about zombies
Video games adapted into comics
Video games developed in the Netherlands
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Kurt Harland
Video games written by Amy Hennig
Windows games
Nixxes Software games |
MCI may refer to:
Organizations
Companies
MCI Communications, originally Microwave Communications Inc., the corporation that operated as MCI from 1963 to 1998
MCI Inc., formerly called WorldCom, which acquired MCI Communications, and was later acquired by Verizon Communications
MCI Group, a global event, association management and congress management company
Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran, the largest mobile phone operator in Iran
Motor Coach Industries, a coach/bus manufacturing company
Music Center Incorporated, later known as Music Consultants Incorporated, a company that manufactured multi-track audiotape recorders and mixing consoles for professional studio recording
Music Collection International, the music division of Video Collection International
MCI, Frank Farian's record label
Education
Maine Central Institute, a boarding school in Maine, US
Marine Corps Institute, a coursework of Marine Corps education and training programs
Martingrove Collegiate Institute, a secondary school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
MCI Management Center Innsbruck, a privately organized business school in Innsbruck, Austria
Medical Council of India, a statutory body regulating medical education in India
Mennonite Collegiate Institute, a private, religious school in the town of Gretna, in Southern Manitoba
Middlefield Collegiate Institute, a secondary school located in Markham, Ontario, Canada
Museum Conservation Institute, of the Smithsonian Institution
Other organisations
Ministry of Communications and Information, a ministry of the Government of Singapore
Motek Cultural Initiative, a Toronto-based nonprofit organization promoting Israeli music and culture
Science and technology
Millicurie (mCi), 1/1000 of a curie, a non-SI unit of radioactivity
Megacurie (MCi), 1,000,000 times a curie, a non-SI unit of radioactivity
Macroinvertebrate Community Index, an index where the presence or lack of macroinvertebrates is used for monitoring stream health in New Zealand
Magnetic current imaging, using a scanning SQUID microscope
Malicious caller identification, a type of enhanced telephone service
Mass-casualty incident, a medical emergency involving more patients than can be easily handled by the crews initially assigned to the incident
Media Control Interface, an API for controlling multimedia peripherals connected to a Microsoft Windows or OS/2 computer
Meta-circular evaluator, in computing
Mild cognitive impairment, a neurological affliction often associated with Alzheimer's disease
Modulation contrast imaging, a term related to optical transfer function
Other uses
1101 in Roman numerals
Kansas City International Airport (IATA airport code), Kansas City, Missouri, US
Meal, Combat, Individual ration, the successor to the US Army C-ration
Michigan City station (Amtrak station code), Indiana, US
Miss Chinese International Pageant, an annual pageant for international women of Chinese descent
Monetary conditions index, a macroeconomic index number relevant for monetary policy
Short name for Manchester City F.C. |
Yingdong District () is a district of the city of Fuyang, Anhui Province, China.
Administrative divisions
In the present, Yingdong District has 3 subdistricts, 7 towns and 2 townships.
3 subdistricts
Xinhua ()
Xiangyang ()
Hedong ()
7 towns
2 townships
Zaozhuang ()
Yanglouzi ()
References
Fuyang |
Pietrelcina () is a town and comune in the province of Benevento in the Campania region of southern Italy. It is the birthplace of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, better known as Padre Pio.
Geography
Benevento, Paduli, Pago Veiano and Pesco Sannita are neighbouring towns.
International relations
Pietrelcina is twinned with:
San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
Bethlehem, Palestine
Wadowice, Poland, since 2006
References
External links
Photo Gallery
Cities and towns in Campania |
```javascript
// Mark transpiled classes as __PURE__ so that UglifyJS can remove them
module.exports = function visitor() {
return {
visitor: {
ClassExpression: function ClassExpression(path) {
path.addComment('leading', '#__PURE__');
}
}
};
};
``` |
Edgardo Fabián Prátola (La Plata, 20 May 1969 - La Plata, 28 April 2002) was an Argentine football player.
His career started as a defender with Estudiantes de La Plata, where his devotion was noted as one of the reasons the club returned from relegation in 1995. Prátola wore the No. 6 jersey and was the captain of the team.
Prátola played for Mexican side León between 1996 and 1999, after which he returned to Argentina to play for Unión de Santa Fe, and then returned to Estudiantes in 2000. Diagnosed with colon cancer in 2000, he broke the news himself in an unassuming way, quit the team after unsuccessful surgery, and fought his illness to the end. The day before his death he asked that Estudiantes play their next match (against Independiente) and not ask for a postponement. A touching ceremony was held before the game.
He is fondly remembered by Estudiantes fans by his nickname El Ruso (the Russian).
After winning the Apertura 2006 championship in a play-off against Boca Juniors, many Estudiantes players displayed T-shirts in honour of Prátola. Then-captain Juan Sebastian Verón mentioned him in an emotional victory speech broadcast around the stadium, leading to chanting of "Ruso" by Estudiantes fans.
Prátola was again remembered by Estudiantes following the club's triumph in the 2009 Copa Libertadores finals against Cruzeiro. In the post-match celebrations, Estudiantes players wore shirts that said, "Ruso, estás con nosotros" ("Ruso, you are with us").
External links
News story about his death
La Nacion obituary
1969 births
2002 deaths
Footballers from La Plata
Argentine men's footballers
Estudiantes de La Plata footballers
Unión de Santa Fe footballers
Club León footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Liga MX players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from cancer in Argentina
Men's association football defenders |
```objective-c
/*
* Blowfish algorithm
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef AVUTIL_BLOWFISH_H
#define AVUTIL_BLOWFISH_H
#include <stdint.h>
/**
* @defgroup lavu_blowfish Blowfish
* @ingroup lavu_crypto
* @{
*/
#define AV_BF_ROUNDS 16
typedef struct AVBlowfish {
uint32_t p[AV_BF_ROUNDS + 2];
uint32_t s[4][256];
} AVBlowfish;
/**
* Allocate an AVBlowfish context.
*/
AVBlowfish *av_blowfish_alloc(void);
/**
* Initialize an AVBlowfish context.
*
* @param ctx an AVBlowfish context
* @param key a key
* @param key_len length of the key
*/
void av_blowfish_init(struct AVBlowfish *ctx, const uint8_t *key, int key_len);
/**
* Encrypt or decrypt a buffer using a previously initialized context.
*
* @param ctx an AVBlowfish context
* @param xl left four bytes halves of input to be encrypted
* @param xr right four bytes halves of input to be encrypted
* @param decrypt 0 for encryption, 1 for decryption
*/
void av_blowfish_crypt_ecb(struct AVBlowfish *ctx, uint32_t *xl, uint32_t *xr,
int decrypt);
/**
* Encrypt or decrypt a buffer using a previously initialized context.
*
* @param ctx an AVBlowfish context
* @param dst destination array, can be equal to src
* @param src source array, can be equal to dst
* @param count number of 8 byte blocks
* @param iv initialization vector for CBC mode, if NULL ECB will be used
* @param decrypt 0 for encryption, 1 for decryption
*/
void av_blowfish_crypt(struct AVBlowfish *ctx, uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
int count, uint8_t *iv, int decrypt);
/**
* @}
*/
#endif /* AVUTIL_BLOWFISH_H */
``` |
Kaindy (), formerly known as Trofimovka (until 2018), is a village (selo) in Zerendi District, Akmola Region, in northern part of Kazakhstan. The KATO code is 115652700.
Demographics
Population
Population: (17 males and 24 females). As of 2009, the population of Kaindy was 40 inhabitants (22 males and 18 females).
References
Notes
Populated places in Akmola Region |
is a Japanese professional racing driver. He won the GT300 class Super GT championship in 2002 and 2019.
Career
Takagi made his debut in the All-Japan GT Championship (JGTC) in 1998, driving for in the GT500 class. For the 1999 season, he switched to the GT300 class, finishing third in the championship that year. He won his maiden title in 2002 with Autobacs Racing Team Aguri (ARTA), driving an -prepared Toyota MR-S alongside Morio Nitta. In the following years, with the series renamed as Super GT in 2005, Takagi won numerous races and finished runner-up in the standings in 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2018. In 2019, he won his second GT300 championship seventeen years after his first, driving the Honda NSX GT3 Evo of ARTA, with Takagi and his co-driver Nirei Fukuzumi finishing over ten points clear of the second place finishers.
Complete JGTC/Super GT Results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Season still in progress.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Japanese racing drivers
Japanese Formula 3 Championship drivers
Super GT drivers
Team Aguri drivers |
At least six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Sprightly:
was a 12 gun cutter built in Dover in August 1777, that sank 23 December 1777 off Guernsey
was a 10-gun cutter that the captured in the Mediterranean Sea in 1801, and subsequently scuttled.
was the hired armed cutter Lively, launched in 1805, that served the Royal Navy in August 1805. The Navy purchased her in 1805 and renamed her. As Sprightly she served until she was broke up in 1815.
was a 6-gun built for the Royal Navy. Wrecked off the Isle of Portland in 1821.
was a tender in service 1837-69, formerly a Post Office packet ship built in 1823.
was a torpedo boat destroyer, launched in 1900 and scrapped in 1920
HMS Sprightly (P268) was an S-class submarine, ordered in 1943 but cancelled because of the end of World War II
See also
, Royal Australian Navy tugboat
HM Revenue Cutter Sprightly, which wrecked on the Isle of Portland on 8 January 1821
Royal Navy ship names |
Arabic world
Pre-Islamic poetry at its height as the Arabic language emerges as a literary language.
Poets
'Abid ibn al-Abras, (d. 554)
Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya (d. c. 560)
'Alqama ibn 'Abada
Maymun Ibn Qays Al-a'sha (570–625)
al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani
Amr ibn Kulthum ( - c. 584?)
Antarah ibn Shaddad (525–608)
Asma bint Marwan
Harith Ibn Hilliza Ul-Yashkuri (approx.)
Imru' al-Qais flourished mid-century; purported inventor of the Qasida form
Ka'b bin Zuhayr flourished during the time of Mohammed, son of Zuhayr
Labīd (560–661)
Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya (d. c. 560), a Jewish poet writing in Arabic
Tarafah ibn al 'Abd
Zuhayr (520–609), Arabic pre-Islamic poet, father of Ka'b bin Zuhayr
Works
Europe
Poets
Listed in order by year of birth, if known or estimated:
Aneirin, a Brythonic Bard, flourishes in Cumbria toward the end of the century
Arator, of Liguria, writing in Latin
Sigisteus, Vandal count, patron of Parthenius and a poet himself
Parthenius, patronized by the Vandal Count Sigisteus
Jacob of Serugh (451 – Nov. 521), writing in Syriac
Blossius Aemilius Dracontius (c. 455 – c. 505) of Carthage, a Latin poet
Magnus Felix Ennodius (474 – July 17, 521), Bishop of Pavia and poet, writing in Latin
Coluthus of Lycopolis (fl. 491-518), writing in Greek
Venantius Fortunatus (c. 530 – c. 600), Latin poet and hymnodist from Northern Italy
Myrddin Wyllt (later 6th century?), semi- (or wholly) legendary Welsh poet and prophet living in Scotland
Taliesin (c. 534 – c. 599), the earliest definitely identified Welsh poet
Chilperic I (c. 539 – September 584) Frankish king of Neustria and a Latin poet
Saint Columbanus (c. 543–615), Hiberno-Latin poet and writer
Works
Taliesin (c. 534 – c. 599), whose work has survived in a Middle Welsh manuscript, the Book of Taliesin.
544 – Arator declaims his poem De Actibus Apostolorum in the Church of San Pietro-in-Vinculi
Byzantine Empire
Poets
Musaeus
Agathias (c. 536–582/594)
Paulus Silentiarius (died 575–580),
Romanos the Melodist (approx.)
Procopius (c. 500–565)
South Asia
Poets
Dandi, writing in Sanskrit (approx.)
East Asia
Poets
Su Xiaoxiao (died 501), famous Chinese courtesan and poet. Famous for writing the poem of Xhue Cheng.
Timeline
500 – Procopius born about this year (died 565)
501 Su Xiaoxiao died, famous Chinese courtesan and poet
505 – Blossius Aemilius Dracontius born about this year (born 455) of Carthage, a Latin poet
520 – Zuhayr born (died 609), Arabic pre-Islamic poet
521
July 17 – Magnus Felix Ennodius died (born 474 – July 17, 521), Bishop of Pavia and poet, writing in Latin
November – Jacob of Serugh died (born 451), writing in Syriac
525 – Antarah ibn Shaddad born (died 608) Arabic poet and warrior from Najd
530 – Venantius Fortunatus born (c. 530 – c. 600), Latin poet and hymnodist from Northern Italy
534 – Taliesin born about this year (died c. 599), the earliest identified Welsh poet
536 – Agathias born about this year (died 582/594); Ancient Greek poet and historian
539 – Chilperic I born (died September 584) Frankish king of Neustria and a Latin poet
543 – Saint Columbanus (died 615), Hiberno-Latin poet and writer
544 – Arator declaims his poem De Actibus Apostolorum in the Church of San Pietro-in-Vinculi
554 – 'Abid ibn al-Abris died about this year; Arabic poet
560:
Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya died about this year; Jewish poet writing in Arabic
Labīd born this year (died 661); Arabic poet
565 – Procopius died (born about 500)
570 – Maymun Ibn Qays Al-a'sha born (died 625)
584
(September) – Chilperic I died (born 539) Frankish king of Neustria and a Latin poet
Amr ibn Kulthum died about this year; Arabic poet
599 – Taliesin died about this year (born c. 534), the earliest identified Welsh poet
Decades and years
References
6th-century poems
06
Poetry |
The Imam Ali Mosque () or the Old Mosque of Basra () is the first mosque built in Basra, Iraq and among the oldest mosques in the history of Islam.
History
Establishment and significance
The mosque was founded around 635 during the era of the second Caliph Umar, on the outskirts of Basra right before the conquest of the city. Initially, the building was built from palm canes, but the original building was later burnt down by the great fire. Later the mosque was reconstructed from the mud during the era of the 3rd Umayyad Caliph Umar II. The reconstructed building, however, was destroyed again during the Abbasid era due to the great flood which submerged the city of Basra. After the majority of the Basra citizens evacuated from the old Basra to the newer part of the city, the mosque became a cultural heritage and a site for the pilgrimage to Ali and Aisha. Due to the religious importance of the mosque, the site became a location of many massacres of Arab pilgrims, especially during the Zanj Rebellion. It is considered that the first madrasa for fiqh studies, hadith studies, and philosophy was established within the mosque. Some important figures of early Islamic history were educated here, including Abd Allah ibn Abbas and Wasil ibn Ata. The madrasa was among the first to call the adoption of mind as a way to devise legal problems.
Present day
In 2000, the mosque was restored and rebuilt in its current form. The new construction lacked the connection to the previous architectural style.
In the early 2010s, there were plans to expand the mosque to cover an area of 200 dunums and rebuild it to look like its original form with the addition of six minarets, sixteen doors, and a large courtyard for prayer. However, the plans stalled in 2013 due to the terrible conditions Iraq was suffering through at the time.
In recent years, the mosque witnessed celebrations and gatherings during the days of Ramadan. These include activities like Holy Quran reading competitions and organizing Islamic lectures. Reciters from as far as al-Azhar University from Cairo, Egypt, visit the mosque and its gatherings to participate in commemorating Ramadan nights by reading the Qur’an, as well as commemorating religious occasions. According to Ali al-Baghdadi, who's the man in charge of the mosque, the gatherings include people from all over Iraqi cities, and the Arabian peninsula, in addition to visitors and tourists from Iran, Pakistan, and India. The mosque's significant age role as the first madrasa for fiqh studies, as well as the belief that the mosque was visited by Ali and Aisha after the Battle of the Camel, helped in holding its role as a visitor site.
Architecture
See also
Islam in Iraq
List of mosques in Iraq
References
7th-century mosques
Sunni mosques in Iraq
Shia mosques
Buildings and structures in Basra
Mosque buildings with domes |
Stigmella quercipulchella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in North America in Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ontario.
There are two generations per year.
The larvae feed on Quercus species, including Q. palustris, Q. marilandica and Q. rubra. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
External links
Nepticulidae of North America
Nepticulidae
Moths of North America
Moths described in 1878 |
```java
package io.jpress.model.base;
import io.jboot.db.model.JbootModel;
import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.IBean;
/**
* Generated by JPress, do not modify this file.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public abstract class BaseOption<M extends BaseOption<M>> extends JbootModel<M> implements IBean {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* ID
*/
public void setId(java.lang.Long id) {
set("id", id);
}
/**
* ID
*/
public java.lang.Long getId() {
return getLong("id");
}
/**
* KEY
*/
public void setKey(java.lang.String key) {
set("key", key);
}
/**
* KEY
*/
public java.lang.String getKey() {
return getStr("key");
}
/**
*
*/
public void setValue(java.lang.String value) {
set("value", value);
}
/**
*
*/
public java.lang.String getValue() {
return getStr("value");
}
/**
* ID
*/
public void setSiteId(java.lang.Long siteId) {
set("site_id", siteId);
}
/**
* ID
*/
public java.lang.Long getSiteId() {
return getLong("site_id");
}
}
``` |
Maija Sofia Isola (15 March 1927 – 3 March 2001) was a Finnish designer of printed textiles, and the creator of over 500 patterns, including Unikko ("Poppy"). The bold, colourful prints she created as the head designer of Marimekko made the Finnish company famous in the 1960s. She also had a successful career as a visual artist.
Isola exhibited across Europe, including at the Brussels World Fair and the Milan Triennale, and in the USA. Retrospectives of her work have been held at the Design Museum in Helsinki, the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, the Design Museum, Copenhagen, the Slovene Ethnographic Museum, Ljubljana, and the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Products featuring her prints are still being sold at Marimekko.
She lived and worked in Finland for most of her life in, but spent some years in France, Algeria and the United States. She was married three times. Her daughter, Kristina Isola, also became a Marimekko designer, collaborating with her mother for some time. Her granddaughter, Emma, also designs for the company.
Biography
Early life
Isola was born to Mauno and Toini Isola, the youngest of their three daughters. Mauno was a farmer who wrote song lyrics, including a popular Finnish Christmas carol. The girls lived on the family farm and helped out with agricultural work in the summer. They made paper dolls with elegant dresses for their homemade paper dollhouse, which had elaborately decorated interiors.
Isola studied painting at the Helsinki Central School of Industrial Arts. In 1945, as the Second World War came to an end, her life changed radically: her father died, and she became pregnant. On 22 July 1945 she married the commercial artist Georg Leander; their daughter Kristina was born in January 1946.
In 1948, she went to Oslo, visiting the Van Gogh exhibition and seeing the Edvard Munch paintings there. She was inspired by a display of classical era pots at the Oslo Museum of Craft and Design to create her Amfora ("Amphora") print. The marriage with Leander did not last long, and by 1949 she was travelling Europe with the painter Jaakko ("Jaska") Somersalo, who became her second husband. He taught her woodcut printing and inspired her to paint. They divorced in 1955.
Marimekko
Her student-era work, including Amfora, was spotted in 1949 by Marimekko's founder, Armi Ratia. Ratia hired Isola to work for Printex, the forerunner of Marimekko. She became the principal textile designer for Marimekko, creating some eight to ten patterns every year.
Between 1957 and 1963, Isola created her first series of works on a single theme, Luonto (Nature). It consisted of some 30 designs, based on pressed plants, which her daughter Kristina had started collecting at age 11. In 1958, she began another series, Ornamentti (Ornament), based on Slavic folk art. It, too, included about 30 designs, and made her famous.
In 1959 she married the judge Jorma Tissari. He was a wealthy art lover with a spacious home in the centre of Helsinki. When Isola wanted more creative freedom from Ratia's control, Tissari negotiated with Marimekko to give her a new contract that allowed her more creative freedom.
The collaboration between Isola and Ratia was an "unusual creative power game" characterised by "vitality and inventiveness" rather than a harmonious understanding. The tone for this was set when, in 1964, Isola "provocatively" defied Ratia's professed hatred of floral patterns by painting the famous Unikko (Poppy) pattern in bold pink, red and black on white; the pattern came to define the brand and has been in production ever since. It was one of some eight floral designs that Ratia chose from Isola's portfolio in that period.
From 1965 to 1967, Isola worked on the theme of sun and sea, creating at least nine designs that were adopted by Marimekko, including Albatrossi (Albatross), Meduusa (Jellyfish), and Osteri (Oyster). Her patterns were, by now, being widely reproduced. To facilitate this process and to keep the patterns accurate, Isola maintained a set of "pattern books". These were handwritten exercise books containing precise details of her pattern repeats. Each one, such as her 1968 Lovelovelove, was drawn to scale on a pattern book page, coloured, and annotated with the names of the colours to be used. The books also recorded the size of the actual repeat and details of print orders. The books continued to be used as production guides in the decades after her death.
In 1970 she travelled on her own to Paris to get away from her marriage and family commitments. There, she had a love affair with the Egyptian scholar Ahmed Al-Haggagi. He encouraged her to work on Arabian patterns, sketching for her the basis of her Poppy (not the same as Unikko). Her Arabian-inspired patterns of this period include Kuningatar, Naamio, Sadunkertoja, Tumma, and Välly. In 1971, she separated from Tissari, realising that she preferred to live alone. She spent three years in Algeria, taking a lover named Muhamed.
In 1974, Isola designed the popular pattern Primavera, consisting of stylized Marigold flowers; this has since been printed in many different colours for tablecloths, plates and other items. In 1976 she returned to Paris, working with Al-Haggagi on a series of Egyptian-inspired prints including Niili (Nile), Nubia, and Papyrus. The next year, she accompanied Al-Haggagi to Boone, North Carolina where he was a lecturer. She spent the year painting, walking, and doing yoga, inspired by the scenery of the Appalachian Mountains, which she said reminded her of her home town, Riihimäki. She made some designs, but found it hard to sell any in the American market, as there were few factories that could print fabrics to her specifications.
On returning to Finland, 160 of her works, including paintings and sketches but not her print designs, were displayed at a retrospective exhibition in a Helsinki gallery in 1979.
From 1980 to 1987, Isola designed patterns for Marimekko jointly with her daughter, Kristina. They worked in their own studios, in Helsinki in the winter, in Kaunismäki in the summer. Kristina became one of Marimekko's chief designers; she had joined Marimekko when she was 18. During her 40-year career with Marimekko, Maija Isola created a "staggering" 500 prints for the company. Among the best-known are Kivet (Stones) and Kaivo (Well); they continue to sell in the 21st century.
Retirement
From 1987, when she retired, Isola worked on painting rather than textiles, until her death on 3 March 2001. Her designs, and Marimekko, went into eclipse. In 1991, the new head of Marimekko, Kirsti Paakkanen successfully relaunched Isola's Fandango, but it was not until the late 1990s that Marimekko again became widely popular. Its renewed fortunes were based on "classic" Isola patterns from the 1950s and 1960s.
Reception
According to FinnStyle, Isola was "undisputedly the most famous textile designer to have existed at Marimekko", and she "created over 500 prints during her long and colorful employment." Her work enabled the company to become a world-leading international fashion trendsetter.
Ivar Ekman, writing in the New York Times, quotes Marianne Aav, director of the Helsinki Design Museum: "What we understand as the Marimekko style is very much based on what Maija Isola was doing". Ekman comments "The range of prints that Isola produced for Marimekko is astounding", as the patterns span "minimalist geometric", "toned-down naturalistic" and "explosion of colors".
Marion Hume, writing in Time Magazine, explains that Isola "was able to mastermind an astonishing range, from the intricate and folkloric Ananas (1962)--which remains one of the most popular prints for the home market--to the radically simple, dramatically enlarged, asymmetrical Unikko poppy (1964), originally in red and in blue, which may be one of the most widely recognized prints on earth."
According to Tamsin Blanchard, writing in The Observer, "The designs of Maija Isola – one of the company's [most] original and longest-standing designers - have stood the test of time." Blanchard describes Isola's 1972 Wind design "with its feathery organic tree skeletons in silhouette" as "timeless", her 1957 Putinotko as a "spiky black-and-white print", also discussing her 1963 work, Melon, and her 1956 work, Stones.
Hannah Booth, writing in The Guardian, explains that Marimekko's founder, Armi Ratia, "recruited Maija Isola, the first and most important of many young female designers, to create original prints". She describes Isola as unconventional, leaving her daughter Kristina "to grow up with her grandmother so she could travel the world to find inspiration for her textiles". Booth quotes Finnish novelist Kaari Utrio as saying Isola was "a dangerously original character"; she "belonged to a trailblazing generation" which enabled young women to move freely into the arts.
Lesley Jackson, in a chapter titled Op, Pop, and Psychedelia, writes that "from Finland the exuberant all-conquering Marimekko burst on to the international scene" in the 1960s; she illustrates this with one pattern by Vuokko Nurmesniemi, and three by Isola – Lokki, Melooni, and Unikko. Of Lokki, Jackson writes "Isola revolutionized design with her simple, bold, flat patterns, printed on a dramatic scale. The design, whose title means 'seagull', evokes the lapping of waves and the flapping of birds' wings."
Of the famous Unikko, Jackson says "This huge, exploded poppy pattern embodies the unbridled design confidence of the mid-1960s, and presages the ebullience and sizzling colours of the flower power era."
Hanna-Liisa Ylipoti notes that "The themes of many Marimekko designs are also very Finnish, portraying Finnish nature. For example, Maija Isola created her Luonto (Nature) design [series] using actual plant specimens".Legacy
Aav noted that "As the twenty-first century gets underway, Marimekko is experiencing a resurgence of interest and appreciation—a true revival. Maija Isola's Unikko pattern, designed almost forty years ago, blooms as never before."
In 2011, Marimekko flew a hot-air balloon decorated with an enormous version of Unikko over Helsinki, reflecting the iconic status of the print, nearly half a century later. Marimekko's marketing policy is to reissue "classics from its fifty-year back catalogue, notably a large group of patterns from the 1950s and 1960s by Maija Isola."Since 2012, Finland's airline Finnair has been flying an Airbus A340-300 to its Asia destinations sporting a blue Unikko print, while an Airbus A330 painted in an Anniversary Unikko has been serving its other intercontinental routes.
Isola was described in 2013 as a style icon. Her granddaughter Emma Isola works for Marimekko as a designer, forming a three-generation tradition.
Exhibitions
Contemporary
Design in Scandinavia, USA 1954, 1960
Finnish Exhibition in Germany 1956
Triennale Milan 1954, 1957
World Exhibition Brussels Formes Scandinaves 1958
Retrospective
Maija Isola and Marimekko, Retrospective exhibition, Design Museum (Designmuseo), Helsinki, Finland. 24 May 2005 – 4 September 2005.
Finnish Design, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2005
Marimekko - The Story of a Nordic Brand, Exhibition at Design Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 March – 28 May 2007.
Marimekko: Fabric, Fashion, Architecture, Exhibition at Slovene Ethnographic Museum in Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1 July 2009 – 18 October 2009
Magnifying Nature: 1960s Printed Textiles, Exhibition at Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 5 March 2011 – 21 August 2011.
Notes
References
Bibliography
(6 page-sized illustrations of Isola's prints)''
External links
Maija Isola at National Biography of Finland.
Maija Isola Profile on Marimekko.com
Maija Isola Profile and images on FinnishDesign.com
Maija Isola Profile at Nordic Nest
Maija Isola – profile on BelovedLinens.net
DesignMuseet – exhibition at Scandinavian Design Museum
Finn Style – profile on FinnStyle.com
Maija Isola – The Art Institute of Chicago
Flickr – Maija Isola exhibition
1927 births
2001 deaths
People from Riihimäki
Finnish designers
Textile designers
Finnish women fashion designers |
Al Shamiya () is an area of Kuwait City.
Suburbs of Kuwait City |
Holstenau is a small river of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Its course has been intersected by the Kiel Canal in several places.
See also
List of rivers of Schleswig-Holstein
Rivers of Schleswig-Holstein
Tributaries of the Kiel Canal
Rivers of Germany |
Sweden has three metropolitan areas consisting of the areas surrounding the three largest cities, Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. The statistics have been retrieved from Statistics Sweden and the statistics released on 10 November 2014. The official land areas for each municipality have also been retrieved from Statistics Sweden, the agency that defines these areas.
Population centers
, Sweden had 2 metropolitan areas with a population of over 1,000,000 people each.
The following table shows the populations of the top ten metropolitan areas.
Metropolitan Stockholm
Metropolitan Stockholm (also known as Greater Stockholm or, in Swedish, Storstockholm), is a metropolitan area surrounding the Swedish capital of Stockholm. Since 2005, Metropolitan Stockholm is defined by official Swedish Statistics as all of Stockholm County. It is the largest of the three metropolitan areas in Sweden.
Metropolitan Stockholm is divided into 5 areas: Stockholm City Centre, Söderort, Västerort of Stockholm Municipality; and the northern suburbs and southern suburbs, which consists of several municipalities.
km2 Population per km2
Metropolitan Gothenburg
Metropolitan Gothenburg (Storgöteborg or literally Greater Gothenburg), is a metropolitan area surrounding the city of Gothenburg in Sweden. The metropolitan region is located in Västra Götaland County, except for the municipality of Kungsbacka, which is located to the south in Halland County. As of 2005, the municipalities of Alingsås and Lilla Edet were added to the region. The region is often used for statistical measures, and estimates in the 1960s predicted that the region would have about one million inhabitants in the year 2000. The region is the second largest metropolitan area in Sweden after Metropolitan Stockholm.
km2 Population per km2
Metropolitan Malmö
Greater Malmö (Stormalmö), also known as Metropolitan Malmö is the metropolitan area of Malmö in Sweden. The area is located in Southwestern Scania (Sydvästra Skåne), which is often considered synonymous with Greater Malmö, and it is part of the wider transnational Öresund Region. Besides Malmö, large towns in Greater Malmö includes Lund and Trelleborg, the former of which was the seat of the historical Catholic Archdiocese of Lund.
Since the 1970s, improvements in highways and the regional and InterRegio train networks means the commuting area has grown to include Ystad, Skurup, Sjöbo, Eslöv, Höör, Landskrona and Helsingborg, though only some of these are included in official definitions of Greater Malmö. It's not uncommon to live in Malmö and work either in Ystad or Helsingborg, or vice versa, but these towns have kept their mental allegiance with older divisions of Scania. Commuting across the Öresund has become more common, both through the Øresund Bridge and the HH Ferry route, at which car ferries departs every 12 minutes in summer (every 15 minutes in winter).
Statistics Sweden, which sets the official definitions for all metropolitan areas in Sweden, has changed which municipalities are included in Greater Malmö over time. The most recent change to the definition came in 2006, when Eslöv, Höör, and Skurup Municipalities became part of Greater Malmö, bringing the number of municipalities included from 9 to 12.
See also
Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries
List of the most populated municipalities in the Nordic countries
List of metropolitan areas in Europe
Stockholm urban area
Largest urban areas of the European Union
References
External links
Gothenburg
Sweden |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// Original code copyright 2014 Foxit Software Inc. path_to_url
#ifndef CORE_FPDFAPI_PAGE_CPDF_CONTENTMARKS_H_
#define CORE_FPDFAPI_PAGE_CPDF_CONTENTMARKS_H_
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_contentmarkitem.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/fx_system.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/retain_ptr.h"
class CPDF_Dictionary;
class CPDF_ContentMarks {
public:
CPDF_ContentMarks();
~CPDF_ContentMarks();
std::unique_ptr<CPDF_ContentMarks> Clone();
int GetMarkedContentID() const;
size_t CountItems() const;
bool ContainsItem(const CPDF_ContentMarkItem* pItem) const;
// The returned pointer is never null.
CPDF_ContentMarkItem* GetItem(size_t index);
const CPDF_ContentMarkItem* GetItem(size_t index) const;
void AddMark(ByteString name);
void AddMarkWithDirectDict(ByteString name, CPDF_Dictionary* pDict);
void AddMarkWithPropertiesHolder(const ByteString& name,
CPDF_Dictionary* pHolder,
const ByteString& property_name);
bool RemoveMark(CPDF_ContentMarkItem* pMarkItem);
void DeleteLastMark();
size_t FindFirstDifference(const CPDF_ContentMarks* other) const;
private:
class MarkData final : public Retainable {
public:
MarkData();
MarkData(const MarkData& src);
~MarkData() override;
size_t CountItems() const;
bool ContainsItem(const CPDF_ContentMarkItem* pItem) const;
CPDF_ContentMarkItem* GetItem(size_t index);
const CPDF_ContentMarkItem* GetItem(size_t index) const;
int GetMarkedContentID() const;
void AddMark(ByteString name);
void AddMarkWithDirectDict(ByteString name, CPDF_Dictionary* pDict);
void AddMarkWithPropertiesHolder(const ByteString& name,
CPDF_Dictionary* pHolder,
const ByteString& property_name);
bool RemoveMark(CPDF_ContentMarkItem* pMarkItem);
void DeleteLastMark();
private:
std::vector<RetainPtr<CPDF_ContentMarkItem>> m_Marks;
};
void EnsureMarkDataExists();
RetainPtr<MarkData> m_pMarkData;
};
#endif // CORE_FPDFAPI_PAGE_CPDF_CONTENTMARKS_H_
``` |
```javascript
'use strict';
module.exports = function (x) {
if (typeof x !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Expected a number');
}
return x === 300 ||
x === 301 ||
x === 302 ||
x === 303 ||
x === 305 ||
x === 307 ||
x === 308;
};
``` |
```xml
// Next.js API route support: path_to_url
import type { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from "next";
import { FliptApiClient } from "@flipt-io/flipt";
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from "uuid";
const client = new FliptApiClient({
environment: process.env.FLIPT_ADDR ?? "path_to_url",
});
type Data = {
name: string;
};
export default async function handler(
_req: NextApiRequest,
res: NextApiResponse<Data>
) {
let language = "english";
try {
const evaluation = await client.evaluation.variant({
namespaceKey: "default",
flagKey: "language",
entityId: uuidv4(),
context: {},
});
language = evaluation.variantKey;
} catch (err) {
console.log(err);
}
let response: any = {
greeting:
language == "spanish"
? "Hola, from Next.js API route"
: "Hello, from Next.js API route",
};
res.status(200).json(response);
}
``` |
Pabaneh (, also Romanized as Pābaneh and Pā Boneh; also known as Pābanen and Pāy Boneh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Bam County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Bam County |
Lloc is a small village in Flintshire, north Wales. It is located within the community of Whitford. It lies north of the Clwydian Range, just east of the border with Denbighshire.
References
Villages in Flintshire |
Sporting Clube da Praia, short form: Sporting Praia (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK as well as Badiu: Sporting Klubi di Praia) is a professional football club that plays in the Santiago South Premier Division in Cape Verde. It is based in the capital city of Praia in the island of Santiago, one of the unrelegated clubs in the south of the island along with three of the city's four historically mightiest clubs including Académica, Boavista and CD Travadores. Along with Académcia, Boavista, Desportivo, Travadores and Vitória, it is one of several teams that share the same ground, Estádio da Várzea, which has a capacity of 8,000. Sporting has won six championships since independence and a few before independence. The first title was won in the summer of 1962 before independence. Sporting recently won the 2017 national title. Its current president is Carlos Daniel Caetano and its manager is Lito, who once played for Portuguese clubs as footballer.
Sporting Praia is one of the most decorated football (soccer) club in Cape Verde and is the island's most decorated club, having won about 44 official titles, 14 are national titles and 30 are regional titles.
History
The club was founded on 2 December 1923 and is the oldest club in both the city and the island, it is the third oldest on the nation. The name is identical to the Sporting Clube de Portugal and is the 20th affiliate. Sporting Praia is the second oldest Sporting CP affiliate in Africa and its islands after Sportin Clube de Luanda.
In the regional competition
Before independence, Sporting won several regional titles in 1961, 1964 and in 1968. In the final years of Portuguese rule, Sporting Praia celebrated its 50th anniversary of its foundation in 1973. A year later, they won their final regional title before independence of the archipelago.
From independence to the breakup of the Santiago Championships into two zones and after
Tó Lobo was manager of Sporting Praia in the 1980s and the early 1990s, he led to win a few regional titles in 1984, 1985, 1988 and 1991. Later Tóca was manager for most of the 1990s. Sporting won two more regional titles for Santiago in 1997 and in 1998.
Notable players at the last decade of the 20th century and into the 21st included Piguita, Vargas and Ronny (Souto). For most of the time in the 20th century, some of its greatest players of the club played in Europe mostly Portugal.
In 1998, Sporting Praia celebrated its 75th anniversary of its foundation. Tó Lobo was once again coach for Sporting for the early 2000s. Tó Lobo led his team to win a regional title in 2002, the club finished with 38 points.
Sporting's success after the breakup of the Santiago Championships into two zones
Beto became coach of the club in late 2004 and remained until 2012, he took the club to further successes. Sporting had a total of eight titles for the South Zone, their first was in 2005 and won four consecutive in 2008. Also in 2005, Sporting had their best season with 16 wins, not a single loss and most of all 49 points surpassed on 7 April 2017. Of any of the island leagues, Sporting held the record for the most points for eleven years when Santiago North Premier Division's Varandinha took it with 63 points in 2016, second would be Scorpion Vermelho with 61 which Sporting would be third.
Sporting has the longest unbeaten record with 40 matches, it started on 30 April 2003 and ended on 10 December 2005.
On 10 November 2007, Sporting the champion faced Académica Praia, the cup winner in the 2007 regional super cup, the match had a goal draw and went into extra time, during that time, the stadium had a poor visibility and the match was halted, it was not replayed until 14 December, Sporting defeated Académica 2–1 and won their first super cup title for the South Zone.
Beto later led the club to its greatest success that Sporting had ever seen but not as they did in 2005 in 2009 and 2011, they were runner up of Santiago South, though the club entered the national championships on two occasions, the other as automatic holders of the national title. The greatest players of the time in the 2000s were Dário (Furtado), Bock, Platini, Zé di Tchecha, Stopira, Alex (Aires Marques), Babanco and later Tom Tavares, Patrick Andrade, Loloti and Figo who mainly led its successes even at the national level. In the early 2010s to 2015, one of its goalkeepers is the Senegalese Maguette. Another Senegalese played but a player named Théo Mendy. As did in its early decades of the club especially the 20th century, afterwards most of these greatest players later played in Europe predominantly Portugal.
Janito became coach in 2012 and kept its remaining regional successes going. Sporting underwent a 28 match unbeaten streak which started from 18 February 2012 to 16 November 2013. The team would win three titles in a row between 2012 and 2014 totalling eight.
In late 2012 Sporting Praia, entered as champion faced the regional cup winner Bairro (or ADESBA), the island's most dynamic club entirely lost the chance for another super cup title and lost the title to Bairro. A year later, entered as champions, Sporting would achieve better than last season defeating Travadores, the cup winner and claimed another super cup title.
Two seasons with nearly successes
Later Beto retook the position for about two years up to 2015 and the season was not as successful as earlier. Paulo Veiga was chairman between 2013 and 2016, and ruined a bit of Sporting Praia's successes of the earliest part of the centuryIn the 2014–15 season, in the regional super cup in late November, Sporting Praia was to face Tchadense, a second place cup winner as Sporting won both the championship and a cup title, the match was postponed and then cancelled. Later in the regional championships on 22 February in a match with CD Travadores, Sporting fielded an ineligible player, he scored a goal. Fans didn't like it and Travadores was awarded three goals and Sporting lost the match, the club lost three points by the secretary, the recent in the regional competition.
Janito Carvalho was again coach of the club for the season and no top successes the club would achieve as they did last time. Sporting's newly extended 2015/16 season results started at the lowest position in the first two weeks then climbed to second and did not got the number one spot until late in week 17, then third in week 20, then second and lastly returned to third and finished in that position with 46 points, 13 wins and 7 draws. Sporting had the championship's highest number goals scored with 49, less than half more than the previous season and was also the club's highest. Sporting's final match of the station numbering 7 was the championship's highest shared with Boavista and Desportivo. In the following season, Veiga's three-year presidential career went to an end. Carvalho moved to Académica da Praia in late 2016.
Carlos Daniel Caetano became president of the club in October or November 2016. Recently as of the 18th round, Sporting regained full success as the club has 14 wins and 4 draws and scored 21 goals, the goal total is second and is shared with Boavista's. Mbutidem Sunday, the Nigerian scored the most goals in the region numbering eleven alongside Travadores' Anilton. With a goal total of 46, it matches the previous season's totals but not 2012 total of 47, there is a possibility it will be shared with the 2005 point total and may become the greatest season ever led by the enlargement of the matches to 22. In the Santiago South Cup, Sporting was successful in the cup tournaments up to the third round when the club fielded two ineligible players in a match with Travadores, second overall, the original result was 2–0, the match was awarded 3–0 against the club and kicked out of the cup competition until the next season. Its success was also told in the regional cup competitions as the club defeated Ribeira Grande de Santiago in the cup semis on 13 April with the score of 0–1 and will appear in the cup final alongside Os Garridos, Sporting's next appearance at the cup final in three years.
A new turn towards another success
Started from 7 February 2016 with a win over Vitória, Sporting went on a 32 match unbeaten streak as of the 19th round of the 2016–17 season, of any island leagues, it is behind CS Mindelense with 34 matches which occurred between 2014 and 2016. Also Sporting had a 22 match unbeaten streak away at the regionals and surpassed that of São Vicente's, Mindelense's 18 match unbeaten streak at home and five more away which lasted from 2014 to April 2016. Overall, it is behind Académica Porto Novo's record of 30 which was from 2012 to April 2016. Sporting got 49 points, a club record tied with previous seasons with that total in 2005, Sporting achieved a large chance of becoming regional championship at the 20th round and became after their victory over Desportivo 0–1 on 7 April and also another seven match winning streak of the season was made. Sporting got the South Zone's ninth regional title. Also Sporting's points total which is the region's highest became 52, a new record made succeeding their 49 which they had in 2005. Sporting's attempt of making further club record in points completely vanished after their only loss to Boavista at the 23rd round, another mighty club of the city. Sporting's final match of the season was a victory over Tchadense and Sporting made 55 points, a club record that Sporting cherished. Of any of the island leagues in the nation, third it became behind Scorpion Vermelho's 61 of the north of the island. 17 wins Sporting got, a new club record superseded their 2005 totals and 43 goals scored, less than the previous season. In the 2017 regional cup, originally for 19 May, it was set for 7 May, Sporting defeated Garridos and won their recent cup title after winning 5–3 in the penalty shootout as the match ended in a goal draw. The regional Super Cup took place on 28 October and featured, Sporting defeated the cup runner-up Garridos and won their third and recent super cup title for the south of the island.
Sporting started off the 2017–18 season being first place up to the second round, they though then attempt to continue their astonishing unbeaten streak even away, that finally came to an end as Sporting suffered another loss in four Premier Division matches to rival Académica Praia with the result 3–2, which ended their unbeaten streak away totaling 24 matches in the First/Premier Division. Also their recent loss dropped their position to fourth at the sixth round and remained until 29 December Two straight scoreless draws Sporting followed then two wins with the scored 4–0 each. In between, Sporting played their first cup match and defeated Desportivo 2–1 and proceeded to the second round. Sporting had 14 points and 15 goals scored, the region's highest but remained fourth. On 29 December, Sporting defeated Celtic 2–1 and put every club having a loss or more for the season in Santiago South. Another win was made over their inaugural match with Tira Chapéu with the result 1–0. At the 10th round Sporting remained fourth, behind Académica, Boavista and now below Celtic but ahead of Desportivo (9-point difference), ADESBA, Tchadense and Travadores. A scoreless draw was followed with the historically powerful Travadores on 12 January and had a nine-point difference over Desportivo, fifth place. Sporting made a miracle for another win as they defeated Benfica 0–2 away, but the club remains fourth and has 27 points, an 11-point difference over a fifth placed club Desportivo, later Tchadense. Sporting suffered with an unexpected loss to Ribeira Grande on 26 January, another scoreless draw, fourth one was made with Académcia Praia next. Another loss to Boavista was followed, a repeat of the late April match. Sporting played another regional cup match on 6 February and again defeated Benfica 0–2 and proceeded to the quarterfinals, their next will be a rivalry with Académica. Back at the championships. Sporting made a relief with another win over Desportivo on 16 February. Sporting made draw no. 5, this time, a goal each made with Eugénio Lima who will to face relegation. Their minimal successes continued as they defeated Bairro 3–0 next round. Académica's win had Sporting one final chance of winning their next regional title, they blew it after an unexpected loss to Tchadense on 11 March, not lost is their upcoming national participation. Sporting shared their 33 goals with Celtic, a club who later faced at the 20th round and astonishingly ended in a 1–0 victory and became Sporting's second back to back win. Sporting's faced their rival Travadores at the 22nd and final round, Sporting suffered a 1–2 loss and made their fifth seasonal loss, not that many in 15 years. Sporting finished with 41 points and had 39 goals scored, the last time they scored that many was in the 2006–07 season.
In the provincial competition during the final decades of Portuguese rule
Sporting Praia's first appearance in the then colonial competition was in 1961 where they won their first championship title after defeating GD Amarantes, their second was in 1964 and lost 2–0 to Académica do Mindelo, their third was in 1969 after defeating CS Mindelense and their third in 1974 where they defeated Castilho from Mindelo 2–1 and claimed the final colonial title. At the time Sporting had the second most number of colonial titles with just two, behind Académica do Mindelo and Mindelense. Sporting had the third title totals from 1967 to 1974 with just one shared by three other Praia's clubs Académica and Boavista and from 1972 Travadores, from 1973, it was shared with GS Castilho. Sporting's totals were shared with Travadores from 1974 to independence.
In the national competition
Sporting Praia succeeded up to the finals in 1977 and their first after Cape Verde became independent, Sporting scored two goals in one of the two final matches, the club lost the penalty shootouts 4–3. At the 1978 national championships, Sporting faced the winner of Fogo, Botafogo, the match went to a dispute as Sporting fielded an ineligible player, the award was undetermined, the result was a null. It led to the cancellation of the championships and no finals took place which would feature the winner of the Barlavento Islands Mindelense.
Sporting would win their first title after independence in 1985 after defeating Morabeza from the small island of Brava 2–0, Sporting headed to their final competition appearance in 1988 which was unsuccessful, they lost to CS Mindelense 2–0 and 0–1 in the 1988 finals their second national title was won in 1991 after defeating Desportivo Ribeira Brava from up north 1–0 in the second leg, the only scored match which gave Sporting the first Cape Verdean club to enter the African Championship competition a year later, in national championship totals, it became second most, in 1995, it was shared with Boavista da Praia in 1995 and Travadores in 1996. Sporting faced Mindelense yet again in the 1997 edition and two matches ended in ties, one scoreless and one with a goal apiece, Sporting scored penalty shootouts to win their third title, since that time, Sporting has the second most number of championship titles, the first was from 1997 to 2008.
Their appearance in the 2002 season was not a playoff one, it was decided on a total of points and goals and Sporting claimed it in 2002 with 19 points, 6 wins and 22 goals scored ahead of Batuque FC by four goals and without a point or a win ahead. Sporting's highest match of the season was a 0–9 win over Académica da Brava which was played on 29 June The point total of 19 is the highest in national championship history, as the first phase would have a maximum of four or five games the following year, no other club surpassed the point total in the present day.
After the playoff system was restored, in the 2004–05 season, Sporting versus FC Derby was tied in the first leg, the team lost 4–3 to Derby along with the national title. Also that season saw being one of the highest total numbers of goals in history scored with 24 and 11 for the playoffs for a total of 35. The score 13 (who defeated Desportivo Estância Baixo) in a single match was one of the highest in national league history and is the highest in the club. Overall goal totals with the regionals was 99 and being the highest of any club scored to date.
In the 2006 season, the club beat the team known as Académico do Aeroporto from Espargos on Sal Island, during the semi-finals they won the most points, six before entering the finals and lost in the first leg and won in the second leg where Dário scored a goal at the 43rd minute and claimed the title for the 2005–06 season, a year later, the team claimed their second title in a row in the 2006–07 season and also were the championships of the island's south zone, at the second leg of the finals, Dário scored during stoppage time and equaled the score and won the match under the away goals rule. In the 2008 season, there were protests by fans over Académica's loss on 23 June over a referee that received a penalty to one of Sporting's players. This cause a delay in the playoffs and was finally resolved on 8 July, matches resumed two days later on 10 July. The results for the first leg was 1–0 and won 3–0 against Derby in the second, Zé di Tchetcha scored the first two in the first half while Platini scored it in the middle of the second half, yet again received their third title in 2008 season, their totals equaled Mindelense for just a season with the most titles, again Sporting competed in their recent African competition in 2009. Sporting competed in the 2009 edition where they faced CS Mindelense, the first leg was scoreless, Sporting won the second leg 3–0, the first goal was a penalty scored by Dário and advanced to the finals, Sporting faced Académica da Praia in their first ever rivalry of Southern Santiago and the city inside the national competition, all Sporting's three goals were scored by Nuna in the first (2–0) and second (1–1) legs and became the only club to win four consecutive titles, for the next five years. Sporting had solely the most championship titles in the country. Sporting did not compete in African competition in 2010, not even in 2013 likely due to financial problems. The 2010 and 2011 seasons were unsuccessful for Sporting, they've lost the title to they city's other rival FC Boavista and CS Mindelense of Mindelo by a total of a single goal. Earlier in the national championships in 2010 at the first round, they defeated Desportivo Ribeira Brava 7–2 on 22 May and became the highest scoring match in the championships, one of two, but on 30 May, it became the second biggest behind Boavista's win over Solpontense, later in 2011, their highest scoring match was two, three matches, Vulcânicos, Sal Rei and Ultramarina, all in the last three rounds before knockout stage. Their recent national title win was in 2012 where they defeated SC Atlético 1–1 in the first match up north in the island of São Nicolau, no goals scored in the second match. In 2013, their national championship totals was shared with Mindelense in 2013 and again Sporting has the second most championship titles since 2014. Also Sporting Praia competed in the first Cape Verdean Super Cup who was qualified as a champion in 2013 and faced the 2012 cup winner Onze Unidos, Sporting defeated that club in Vàrzea and claimed their only super cup title.
The club's next appearance in the national level was in the 2014 season, their highest appearance was up to the semis, after finishing 1st in Group A with 13 points, they challenged with Académica from the island of Fogo in their next playoff appearance, the first match was scoreless and lost to Académica 2–3 in the second match. Ró was the only scorer in the semis scored twice in the second match. Sporting Praia became the only club to have the most consecutive appearances in the national champions numbering ten between 2005 and 2014. In the 2014 Super Cup, the club lost to Mindelense.
So far Sporting Praia appeared 17 times at the finals, played 23 finals matches and scored 21 goals at the championship finals, most of the after the end of the 20th century.
For the 2017 season with the revival of the three group system but continues to have the playoffs, Sporting Praia played twice with another Sporting affiliate from Brava in Group C alongside Sal Rei and runner-up of São Vicente FC Derby. The season's first match was a win over Derby and the last was a scoreless draw in Brava. Sporting advanced to the semis and defeated Santo Antão South's Académica do Porto Novo with a total of 2–1 goals as the first leg had a goal draw. Sporting Praia made their next final playoff appearance in five years. Originally for 9 and 15 July, the problems between Mindelense and Ultramarina Tarrafal continued as access to Estádio Orlando Rodrigues in Tarrafal de São Nicolau, the island's most populated city was unavailable as they had no keys, later Mindelense did not appear for an unknown reason, Mindelense was disqualified and Sporting Praia faced Ultramarina Tarrafal in the finals, Sporting Praia won all two legs, first the 20 August match with the result of 1–2 in São Nicolau, then with the scored of 3–2 at home and Sporting finally claimed their next national title in five years, celebrations occurred in the stadium by Sporting fans on the club's tenth and recent national title.
In the following season, Sporting will be a participant in the championships, qualifying as national champions, recently they will play in Group C.
Continental appearances
Their first appearance in the African competition was in 1992 with the cup competition in the first round and defeated Port Autonome from Dakar, Senegal, they failed to appear in the second round when they would lose to Tunisia's Club Africain, this would be their only appearance under the former name. Sporting Praia was the first Cape Verdean club to compete in the continental championships. Their second appearance, the first in the CAF Champions League was in 2000 and challenged AS Tempête Mocaf from the Central African Republic in the preliminary round and lost. Their second appearance was against Fello Star from Guinea in 2007 and scored 1–0, they withdrew from the second match due to the civil war and strife in Guinea and Fello Star was awarded 3–0, Sporting Praia did not advance. The following year challenged two clubs, Morocco's FAR Rabat and Inter Luanda in the first round and in 2009 again played against FAR Rabat and lost the first match 6–0 and did not advance after scoring only a single point after the second match and that was their recent appearance. Sporting made the most appearance of a Cape Verdean football club in the continental championship competition totalling five. The next appearance of a Cape Verdean club of any sport into the African competition would be Bairro Craveiro Lopes in basketball in the 2015 season Their only CAF Cup Winners' Cup appearance was in 2001 in the preliminaries with Gazelle FC from Chad and score 5–2, no second match was played as one of the clubs withdrew. Their qualification into the 2000 continental championship and later the cup did not finish the criteria as there was no common two tier national divisions whereas the club remains in the following season and the last place club relegates while the first place of a second tier qualifies, the reason was unknown or that Sporting Praia was second or third in the regional championships, the 1999 winner GD Amarantes was not a professional club and later in 2000, the second place Académica Operária is not a professional club and had no financial capability to compete.
So far, Sporting scored a total of 16 goals, the most of any Cape Verde Team at the continental level, in the championships, Sporting scored a total of eleven goals which was the most of any Cape Verdean club, Sporting scored five in the CAF Cup Winners; Cup. Also Sporting played a total of 14 matches, 13 at the championships and one at the CAF Cup Winner's Cup.
Other regional competitions
Other than the cup and the super cup competitions, Sporting also has three opening tournament titles won in 2001, 2003 and in 2005.
Other competitions
Sporting Praia participated in the third edition of the Boavista Praia's Champion's Cup in the final days of October 2016, a friendly competition, Sporting Praia lost the final match on 30 October.
In October 2017, Sporting Praia were the first three participants outside the municipality of Tarrafal to the north and from the south of the island to compete in the 2017 GAFT Cup alongside Boavista and Desportivo of the same city. The club headed up to the semis on 24 October and made a goal draw with Desportivo Praia which went to extra time and lost 3–4 to that club.
Stadium
Estádio da Várzea is a multi-use stadium in Praia, Cape Verde. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 8,000. Its address is Caixa Postal 234. The stadium has seat rows in the left and right sides and a small hill and a plateau lies to the west. The stadium is home to the three best football clubs in Cape Verde and the island's six best, Sporting. CD Travadores, Boavista FC, Académica, Desportivo and Vitória, all in the Santiago South Championships.
The club also practices at the stadium and at Complexo Desportivo Adega in Achada Grande Tras.
Logo
Its logo has a shield and is colored green and features a lion with a football on the left, the abbreviated name is bubbled on the top and the unabbreviated form is at the bottom. The logo is identical to Sporting Clube de Portugal's old logo. Sporting Clube de Portugal are the fathering club of Sporting Clube da Praia.
Uniform
Its uniform features a striped green-white shirt with green sleeves and green socks. The uniform is identical to its fathering club, Sporting Clube de Portugal.
Its home uniform is a white t-shirt with four thick green stripes, black shorts and white socks with three green stripes, the same to Sporting Lisbon's uniform color used for home matches. Its away uniform is black clothing with a t-shirt with three thick grey stripes.
Its former uniform was a green (coloured like tourmaline)-white T-shirt with green socks striped at the top and a black shorts for home games and a pastel green short, green shirt and green socks which were colored black for away games. Its later uniform would be a yellow shirt with green sleeve and collar edges, green shorts and socks for home games, a white T-shirt with black shorts and green socks for away games and a half white half black T-shirt with white shorts and green socks for alternate uniform when another team has a uniform colored white. From September 2014 to February 2017, its away uniform was a white t-shirt with green sleeves.
Supporters and sponsors
The fans are known as Torcida Verde Santiago. A Torcida Verde is a cheerleader supporter of Sporting Clube da Praia. The name is identical to its fathering club, Sporting Clube de Portugal. Their mottos are: O Nosso Amor, Não Conhece Distâncias (Our Love, Do Not Know Distances). Torcida Verde Santiago's mascot is a lion.
Its sponsors include the nation's second most used communications company Unitel t+ as well as Incolac, Caixa which is the nation's business bank and Primavera.
Rivalries
Their biggest rivals is fans of CS Mindelense called Laranja Exército (see Sporting Praia–Mindelense rivalry) and the former rival was Académica do Mindelo where Sporting fans were called Mancha Negra (see Sporting–Académica Mindelo rivalry). The last challenge between Sporting and Académica Mindelo was the 2007 finals. Académica Mindelo was relegated to São Vicente's second division in 2013 and played up to 2014. Sporting's rivalry with Académica Mindelo entirely disappeared today, a tiny part was the national championship restructuring for the upcoming 2017 season done in November 2015.
Their biggest rivalry at the regional level are with Boavista, Travadores, Vitória and Académica Praia. All forming the Praia derbies, one of them is titled Praia derby. They are the biggest rivalries in Cape Verde at the regional level along with the Mindelense-Derby rivalry of São Vicente.
Honours
National
Championship of Cape Verde: 13
(Before independence) 3: 1961, 1969, 1974.
(Since independence) 10: 1985, 1991, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2017.
Cape Verdean Cup: 1
2018
Cape Verdean Super Cup: 1
2013
Regional
Regional championship totals: 23
Santiago Regional Championships: 13
1961, 1964, 1969, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1997, 1998, 2002.
Santiago South Premier Division: 10
2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017
Santiago South Cup: 4 listed
2008, 2014, 2017, 2018
Santiago South Super Cup: 2
2013, 2017
Torneio Inicio da Praia (Opening Tournament): 3
2001, 2003, 2005.
League and cup history
Statistics
Best position: First Round (continental)
Best position at cup competitions: 1st (national)
Best position at an opening tournament: 1st
Appearances at the national cup competition: Once, in 2018
Appearances at a super cup competition:
National: 2
Regional: 4
Total number of goals scored at the continental level: 16
CAF Champions League: 11
CAF Cup Winner's Cup: 5
Total matches played at the continental level: 14
CAF Champions League: 13
CAF Cup Winner's Cup: Once
Best season: 2017 season (17 wins, 4 draws and 55 points)
Most wins at the Regional Championships: 19 (3 April 2004 to 10 April 2005)
Highest number of wins in a season: 17, in 2017 – Probable regional record
Longest unbeaten run: 40 matches (30 April 2003 to 10 December 2005)
Highest number of goals scored in a season:
National: 24 (regular season), 11 (playoffs), total: 35, in 2005
Regional: 64, in 2005
Highest number of points:
National: 19, in 2002 (National record, shared with Batuque)
Regional: 55, in 2017 – New regional record
Highest scoring match in the National Championships: Sporting Praia 13–0 Estância Baixo, 11 June 2005
Other:
Appearance at the GAFT Cup: Once, in 2017
Highest number of goals conceded in a season: 14 (national), 2016
Players
Current squad
Former players
Chairmen history
Managerial history
Assistant managers
Goalkeeping coaches
João Moreira (in 2009)
Tchabana (up to 2013/14)
Berra (until August/September 2016)
Staff
Updated 23 October 2015
Other clubs
The club also has youth teams, the U-11 whose coach is António Carvalho, the U-13 team whose coach is Helton Delgado and the U-15 team whose coach is Dário Furtado, the club's former player
Named after
Two streets are named after the club in the neighborhood of Achada de Santo Antònio and named as Sporting, one a street (rua), the other a court (largo), one of its offices are located there.
See also
Other clubs named "Sporting" in Cape Verde:
Sporting (Boa Vista Island)
Sporting (Brava)
Sporting Clube de Porto Novo
SC Farense de Fonte Filipe
Logo based but a different name: GD Palmeira of Sal
References
External links
Sporting Praia at the Final Ball
Sporting Praia at Sports Mídia
Football clubs in Santiago, Cape Verde
Santiago South Premier Division
Sport in Praia
1920s establishments in Cape Verde
Association football clubs established in 1923
Unrelegated association football clubs |
The canton of Joinville is an administrative division of the Haute-Marne department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Joinville.
It consists of the following communes:
Ambonville
Arnancourt
Autigny-le-Grand
Autigny-le-Petit
Baudrecourt
Beurville
Blécourt
Blumeray
Bouzancourt
Brachay
Charmes-en-l'Angle
Charmes-la-Grande
Chatonrupt-Sommermont
Cirey-sur-Blaise
Courcelles-sur-Blaise
Dommartin-le-Saint-Père
Donjeux
Doulevant-le-Château
Ferrière-et-Lafolie
Flammerécourt
Fronville
Gudmont-Villiers
Guindrecourt-aux-Ormes
Joinville
Leschères-sur-le-Blaiseron
Mathons
Mertrud
Mussey-sur-Marne
Nomécourt
Nully
Rouvroy-sur-Marne
Rupt
Saint-Urbain-Maconcourt
Suzannecourt
Thonnance-lès-Joinville
Trémilly
Vaux-sur-Saint-Urbain
Vecqueville
References
Cantons of Haute-Marne |
Edgcumbe is a hamlet west of Penryn in Cornwall, England. Edgcumbe is situated on the A394 road from Helston to Penryn and is in the parish of Wendron (where the 2011 census population was included ). Adjacent to Edgcumbe is the Little Trevease Solar Park which covers and has been operational since 2013; it is capable of generating 2.4MW of electricity.
References
Hamlets in Cornwall |
Harold Dale Meyerkord (9 October 1937 – 16 March 1965) was a United States Navy officer who received a posthumous Navy Cross for his actions during a battle in which he was killed during the Vietnam War. He was also the namesake of .
Biography
Meyerkord was born on 9 October 1937 at St. Louis, Missouri to Harold E. Meyerkord (1913–2014) and Louise Foley (1918–2006). He was a 1955 graduate of Riverview Gardens High School, received a Bachelor's degree in Political science from the University of Missouri and was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He graduated from U.S. Navy Officer Candidate School at Newport, Rhode Island, on 14 June 1960 and was assigned to heavy cruiser . He then served as weapons officer on . Meyerkord was married to Jane Elizabeth Schmidt and had a daughter, Lynne.
Meyerkord reported to the U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) in South Vietnam on 13 July 1964. He was senior naval adviser to the South Vietnamese 23rd River Assault Group, responsible for suppressing Vietcong operations in South Vietnam's "rice bowl" during the Vietnam War. The group probed the Mekong Delta waterways, engaging Vietcong guerrillas in operations in which Lieutenant Meyerkord distinguished himself for coolness, resourcefulness, and concern for his men. His radio callsign was "Hornblower", for Horatio Hornblower of the C. S. Forester series of books.
Navy Cross
While leading his assault group into Vietcong‑held territory on 16 March 1965, Lieutenant Meyerkord's patrol was ambushed. Though wounded, he steadfastly returned the enemy's fire until hit again, this time mortally.
Lieutenant Meyerkord's heroism was recognized by posthumous award of the Navy Cross. He was also awarded the Air Medal for completing 20 low-level aerial reconnaissance missions under enemy fire. He received the Purple Heart three times for wounds received in combat.
Honors
The U.S. Navy frigate USS Meyerkord (FF-1058), in commission from 1969 to 1991, was named for Harold Meyerkord. Riverview Gardens, his former high school, renamed their football field to Dale Meyerkord Field shortly after his death.
References
Further reading
1937 births
1965 deaths
United States Navy officers
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Military personnel from St. Louis
Recipients of the Air Medal
University of Missouri alumni
United States Navy personnel killed in the Vietnam War |
Jamileh Sadeghi (born 1958) is an Iranian businesswoman. She is the CEO of a taxi service staffed with female drivers only.
Biography
Sadeghi was born in Karaj, Iran. Her parents were farmers and she was one of nine children. When she was 13 her father gave her responsibility for the farm's payroll and delivery processes and paperwork. Sadeghi was educated at a religious seminary, and her first job outside the family was as the librarian of the Fatemieh Seminary in Karaj. She was later the head of visual and dramatic arts at the Islamic Culture and Guidance Bureau in Karaj, and then advisor to the governor of Karaj. She also served as secretary of the Karaj Women's Affairs Commission, resigning in 2000.
After hearing reports from women about being verbally assaulted in taxis, she decided to open an all-female taxi company. She opened the company in 2001, and in 2003 extended the service to buses driven by women.
Recognition
Sadeghi was chosen as Model Job Creator of the Year in 2003, 2006 and 2007. Her life and career are also the subject of a book, A Woman as Great as the Sky.
References
1958 births
Living people
People from Karaj
Iranian businesspeople
Iranian women in business |
Tiszaberek is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of and has a population of 665 people (2001).
History
The name of the settlement is first mentioned in diplomas in 1332, when it was written as Chyzaberug, in 1342 as Thyzthaberuk, in 1470 as Thyzthaberek, and in 1486 as Berek.
It was already a church place in the early 14th century.
In 1352, István, the son of Mihály Tibai, took possession of the property of his relatives, Master Peter and Tamás, for 200 gypsies.
In 1393, Balk and Drágh sued the sons of the Meggyes ban over Tisztaberek.
In 1424 and 1470 it is shared by the Precious. In addition to the Darling, the Gachály family also owned it,
In 1437 and 1470 the Csató family also owned it.
In the 15th century, the settlement also had a Pauline monastery, the patrons of which were members of the Drágfi family.
Tisztaberek already belonged to the castle of Satu Mare in 1486.
At the beginning of the 18th century it belonged to the Gyulafi family, then after it became the property of Gergely Tarpay, who II. He followed Ferenc Rákóczi to the hiding place, when the Rhédeys got it, but the Kecskés and Vasadi families also had property here.
At the beginning of the 1900s, Sándor Szoboszlay, Imre Dely and Zsigmond Fogarassy also have larger estates in the settlement.
Economy
References
Tisztaberek |
Hank Parker's Outdoor Magazine is an American half-hour outdoor fishing television series hosted by former professional tournament angler Hank Parker. The show made its debut in syndication on January 18, 1985. The show was created in 1984 by founding executive producers Hank Parker and Michael Runnels; For the first 14 seasons of the show's run (1985-1998), Parker/Runnels Productions produces the show; In 1999, longtime executive producer Michael Runnels left the show, leaving Hank Parker as the sole executive producer; The company was renamed Hank Parker Productions. The show was broadcast in NTSC from 1985 to 2009 (seasons 1-24). In 2009 to celebrate the show's 25th anniversary, Hank Parker's Outdoor Magazine began broadcasting in HDTV 1080i.
Format
During each half-hour episode, Hank Parker takes viewers on a fishing journey to the great outdoors. He offers fishing tips and techniques, invites guests, and meets some of the world's famous animals to eat.
Theme music
The theme music for his show was composed by William A. Landers. It consisted of Landers singing the "do do do do do do" part, along with a harmonica and tapping drum, and ends with Landers singing "The house needs painting, grass needs mowing, where's he at?; He's gone fishing". The closing version features the same tune, and ends with Landers singing "Gone fishing".
Segments
Kid's Korner: Sponsored by Mercury Outboards, the Kid's Korner kids demonstrate their fishing tips and techniques. This segment debuted in Season 10 (1994).
Tip of the Week: Hank Parker offers viewers on giving fishing tips and techniques.
Tricks of the Trade: Hank gives the scoop on fishing tricks.
Opening and closing sequence
The original opening and closing sequence, which was used for the first 10 seasons (1985-1994), and shows Parker's daily morning routine; starting with a clock saying "5:30", turning on the light, feet hitting the floor, leaving his house with his fishing rod, getting into his Choo-Choo Customs van, Parker starting his motorboat, an exterior shot of the house, a shot of the answering machine, and a silhouette of Parker fishing, which transforms into a title card; and it opens up to reveal a still drawing of Parker himself. Starting in Season 2 (1986), it flips over to see the headline reading "PARKER'S CLASSIC VICTORY '79 B.A.S.S. Masters Classic", and in later seasons, the banner reads "'89 CHAMPION", and it flips over to see the headline reading "1983 Special Issue B.A.S.S. Angler-of-the-Year "SUPER PRO" Hank Parker", and then, it flips over to see the headline reading "PARKER COMPLETES GRAND SLAM Winner, SUPER B.A.S.S. IV April, 1985", all in Korinna font; the same font used for the answers on Jeopardy!, followed by the show's logo again. The closing credits feature Parker returning home from his fishing trip, and closes to reveal the Parker/Runnels Productions logo, with the title card next to it.
Starting in Season 11 (1995), this opening was replaced by video footage of different families fishing, as well as scenes of Parker himself, and an image of Parker winning the 1989 Bassmaster Classic is shown. At the end, we see a silhouette of Parker himself fishing, and then, the picture freezes, as the show's logo appeared onscreen. The closing version is the same as the opening.
References
External links
1985 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American sports television series
English-language television shows
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States |
Gmina Dębowa Łąka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wąbrzeźno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dębowa Łąka, which lies approximately east of Wąbrzeźno and north-east of Toruń.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 3,221.
Villages
Gmina Dębowa Łąka contains the villages and settlements of Dębowa Łąka, Kurkocin, Lipnica, Łobdowo, Małe Pułkowo, Niedźwiedź, Wielkie Pułkowo and Wielkie Radowiska.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Dębowa Łąka is bordered by the gminas of Bobrowo, Golub-Dobrzyń, Kowalewo Pomorskie, Książki and Wąbrzeźno.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Debowa Laka
Wąbrzeźno County |
The Vicus Jugarius (), or the Street of the Yoke-Makers, was an ancient street leading into the Roman Forum. The Vicus Jugarius was very old—perhaps even older than Rome itself. The Latin word jugarius can mean either "yoke" or "ridge".
The Vicus Jugarius entered the Forum from the southwest, along the shoulder of the Capitoline Hill and between the Temple of Saturn and the Basilica Julia near Servilius’ Pool. The Arch of Tiberius (now vanished) was built for the street to pass through here. Its other end, in the southern Campus Martius, was near the Forum Holitorium. This was the extent of the street in late Republican and Imperial times, but in former days, it was much longer, extending as far as the Quirinal Hill and representing a part of the original trade route to the Tiber River. Its ancient name may actually have originally signified a “high-road’, rather than the later sense of “yoke”; something like "the Road along the [Capitoline] Ridge".
A spot on the road known as the Equimaelium perhaps recorded the leveling of the home of Spurius Maelius.
Etymology
Latin words associated with jugarius include jugalis ("yoked together") and jugo ("to marry" or "join"). Some words deriving from this Latin root are (in English): "yoke", "join", "juncture", "conjugal" and even "yoga" (from the Sanskrit root yuj, meaning "to yoke" or "to unite"). Juga, or Jugalis, is an epithet of the goddess Juno in her aspect as marriage goddess (she was believed to join a couple in matrimony). As Juno Juga—Juno of the Yoke of Holy Matrimony—she had an altar on the Vicus Jugarius (exact location unknown). Although it was believed by the ancients that this gave its name to the street, in reality, it was probably the other way around.
See also
Church of Santa Maria della Consolazione
References
Tuscus
Roman Forum
Rome R. X Campitelli |
Robert J. Weber (born April, 1947) is the Frederic E. Nemmers Distinguished Professor of Decision Sciences at the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University.
Biography
Education
Weber received his bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1969 from Princeton University, and both his MS in 1972 and Ph.D. in 1974 in operations research from Cornell University.
Career
Weber became a faculty member at Yale University, where he belonged to the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics and the Yale School of Management. In 1979 he moved to Northwestern.
Weber's general area of research is game theory, with a primary focus on the effects of private information in competitive settings. Much of his research has been centered on the theory and practice of competitive bidding and auction design. His 1982 paper, "A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding", co-authored with Paul Milgrom, is considered a seminal work in the field. In that paper the authors analyzed auctions with interdependent values, and introduced the linkage principle. He served as an external consultant on a 1985 project leading to revisions in the procedures used to auction petroleum extraction leases on the U.S. outer continental shelf, and he co-organized (with representatives of the Federal Reserve Board and the U.S. Treasury) the 1992 public forum which led to changes in the way the Treasury auctions its debt issues. Since 1993, he has represented private clients during both the rule-making and bidding phases of the FCC's sale of licenses of spectrum for the provision of personal communications services.
In the early 1970s, Weber proposed an alternative to the traditional "plurality rule" for elections involving more than two candidates. This alternative, which he named "approval voting", a multi-candidate binary rating system of social choice, has generated a substantial body of research, has been adopted by a number of professional organizations, and has been used in several public elections. His later work in this area includes "A Theory of Voting Equilibria", co-authored with Roger Myerson. For a summary see "Approval Voting".
Weber has also conducted research on negotiation and arbitration. Among his activities have been preparation of a research survey for the American Arbitration Association, and development of classroom materials for the National Institute for Dispute Resolution. He is a founding member of the Center for Research on Dispute Resolution at Northwestern University, and has served on the editorial board of the International Journal of Game Theory. In 1990 he was designated the outstanding professor of the year by the students in Kellogg's Managers' Program, and in 1998 he received the Sidney J. Levy Teaching Award. In 2008, he was chosen as Alumni Professor of the Year.
External links
Personal Website
References
1947 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Living people
Kellogg School of Management faculty
American operations researchers
Princeton University faculty
Yale University faculty |
Route 163 is a highway in Boone County, Missouri, United States. Its northern terminus is at Interstate 70/U.S. Route 40 (I-70/US 40) in Columbia; its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 63 (US 63) south of Columbia. Route 163 passes through Rock Bridge State Park and Columbia is the only city on the highway. Within the city, the route is known locally as Providence Road.
Route description
Route 163 begins at an interchange with US 63 and State Route H, with the latter leaving the interchange at the opposite side from Route 163. The highway then runs north parallel to US 63. This section was originally part of US 63 before being bypassed in 2011 and is now known locally as Tom Bass Road. Route 163 originally began at an at-grade intersection before being removed when a new US 63 southbound lane was built. After running parallel to US 63, Route 163 turns west and then passes in a northwesterly direction through Rock Bridge State Park. It briefly leaves the park to pass through the village of Pierpont, where Route N is intersected. After leaving the park, Route 163 turns north upon its intersection with Route K. North of the Route K intersection, the route enters the city of Columbia, through which the road is known locally as Providence Road. After entering Columbia, the route gains four-lane divided highway status, and then immediately passes Rock Bridge High School, one of four public high schools in the city. North of the school, the highway intersects Route AC, which is known locally as Nifong Boulevard. After crossing Hinkson Creek, Route 163 passes near the University of Missouri sports complex, including Faurot Field and the Mizzou Arena. Near the complex, the route loses its median barrier and crosses Route 740, also known as Stadium Boulevard. Route 163 then passes through Downtown Columbia. In the southwest corner of the intersection with Business Loop 70 lies Hickman High School, another public high school. Just north of Business Loop 70 is the route's northern end at I-70/US 40.
Major intersections
See also
References
163
Streets in Columbia, Missouri
Transportation in Boone County, Missouri |
Civilization: Is the West History? is a 2011 British TV documentary that tells how Western civilisation, in five centuries, transformed into the dominating civilisation in the world.
Presented by Niall Ferguson, the show reveals the 'killer apps' of the West's success – competition, science, the property owning democracy, modern medicine, the consumer society and the Protestant work ethic – the real explanation of how, for five centuries, a clear minority of mankind managed to secure the majority of the earth's resources.
Description
According to the historian, Western civilization's rise to global dominance is the single most important historical phenomenon of the past five centuries. All around the world, more and more people study at universities, work for companies, vote for governments, take medicines, wear clothes, and play sports, all of which have strong 'western' influences. Yet six hundred years ago the kingdoms of Western Europe seemed like miserable backwaters, ravaged by incessant war and pestilence. It was Ming China or Ottoman Turkey that had the look of world civilizations. How did the West overtake its Eastern rivals? And has the zenith of Western power now passed?
In Civilization: Is the West history?, the British historian Niall Ferguson argues that, beginning in the fifteenth century, the West developed six powerful new concepts that the Rest lacked: competition, science, the rule of law, modern medicine, consumerism, and the work ethic. These became the "killer apps" that allowed the West to go ahead of the Rest; opening global trade routes, exploiting new scientific knowledge, evolving representative government, increasing life expectancy, unleashing the industrial revolution, and hugely increasing human productivity. Civilization shows exactly how a dozen Western empires came to control three-fifths of mankind and four-fifths of the world economy.
However, Ferguson argues that the days of Western predominance are numbered because the Rest have finally downloaded the six killer apps the West once monopolised – while the West has literally lost faith in itself.
Episodes
Reception
Brad Newsome of The Sydney Morning Herald wrote, "The provocative, pro-colonialist Ferguson won't be everyone's cup of tea but at least this series shows that the BBC does air a diversity of views." Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent wrote that Ferguson is "irritating in a very thought-provoking way". Sam Wollaston of The Guardian wrote, "Ferguson's is a no-nonsense approach: here's how it is, you better believe it. It's not especially charming, but it certainly isn't boring – it's a rollicking roller-coaster ride through time, so much fun it doesn't even feel like school." Chris Harvey of The Daily Telegraph wrote, "His developing thesis was an enjoyable one, driven forward with the certainty that is Ferguson's style."
References
External links
Historical television series
British documentary television series
2011 British television series debuts
2011 British television series endings |
Xavier Gibson (born November 3, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Osaka Evessa in Japan. His nickname is X.
Career statistics
|-
| align="left" | 2013–14
| align="left" | Shinshu
| 52 || || 28.3 || .509 || .361 || .704 || 10.2 || 2.3 || 1.3 || 2.1 || 17.2
|-
| align="left" | 2014–15
| align="left" | Toyota
| 54 ||35 ||20.1 ||.520 ||.333 ||.798 ||6.5 || 0.6 || 0.6 || 1.9 || 13.2
|-
| align="left" | 2015–16
| align="left" | Shinshu
| 42 ||42 ||32.2 || .480 ||.338 ||.765 ||10.1 || 2.5 ||1.3 ||bgcolor="CFECEC"|2.5* || 22.1
|-
| align="left" | 2016–17
| align="left" | Osaka
| 58 ||39 ||23.8 || .488 ||.292 ||.714 ||6.5 || 1.3 ||0.9 ||0.9 || 15.4
|-
| align="left" | 2017–18
| align="left" | Osaka
| 28 ||25 ||25.6 || .497 ||.213 ||.753 ||8.4 || 2.7 ||1.2 ||0.6 || 17.0
|-
| align="left" | 2018–19
| align="left" | Osaka
| 29 ||24 ||27.1 || .452 ||.353 ||.642 ||7.0 || 2.4 ||1.0 ||1.0 || 14.4
|-
References
External links
Florida State Seminoles bio
1988 births
Living people
Alvark Tokyo players
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyesi players
Basketball players from Alabama
Florida State Seminoles men's basketball players
Lakeland Magic players
Niigata Albirex BB players
Osaka Evessa players
Panelefsiniakos B.C. players
Shinshu Brave Warriors players
Sportspeople from Dothan, Alabama
Centers (basketball)
Power forwards (basketball) |
The following lists events that happened during 1953 in the Belgian Congo.
Incumbent
Governor-general – Léo Pétillon
Events
See also
Belgian Congo
History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
References
Sources
Belgian Congo
Belgian Congo |
Svetlana Yuryevna Zakharova (, ; born 10 June 1979) is a Ukrainian-born prima ballerina who dances with the Bolshoi Ballet and an étoile of the La Scala Theatre Ballet.
Early life
Svetlana Zakharova was born in Lutsk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, on . At the age of six, she was taken by her mother to learn folk dancing at a local studio, and by the age of 10, she had auditioned and was accepted into the Kyiv Choreography School. Valeria Sulegina was one of her teachers.
In 1995, after six years at the Kyiv School, Zakharova entered the Young Dancers' Competition (Vaganova-Prix) in St. Petersburg. The youngest contestant, she took second prize and was invited to continue her training in the graduating course of St Petersburg's Vaganova Academy. It was the first time in the school's history to allow a student to skip two grades.
After attending the pre-eminent Russian ballet school for one year, Zakharova then joined the Mariinsky ballet in 1996.
Mariinsky Ballet
Zakharova debuted with the Mariinsky Ballet in 1996, appearing as Maria with Ruben Bobovnikov, in Rostislav Zakharov's The Fountain of Bakhchisarai.
In 1997, after her first year with the Mariinsky, at 18, Zakharova was promoted to principal dancer. Her first partner was principal Igor Zelensky. Olga Moiseyeva was her coach.
Bolshoi Ballet
By 2003, Zakharova "was getting itchy feet" at the Mariinsky, and moved to the Bolshoi Ballet. The offer from the Bolshoi company was longstanding, and the departure from the Mariinsky was reportedly due to discontent with that company, as well as personal invitation from the legendary Vladimir Vasiliev.
Zakharova is coached by Lyudmila Semenyaka.
Rise to fame
From 1999 on, Zakharova regularly performed as a guest soloist at the Paris Opera where she worked with French choreographer Pierre Lacotte. Lacotte is viewed as a leading authority on classical ballet contributing to the career of Evgenia Obraztsova and Hannah O'Neill. Svetlana Zakharova was the first Ukrainian-born Russian principal dancer performing in Paris and became a world star as of 2000.
Successful assignments followed, ranging from great classical roles like Giselle, Odette-Odile in "Swan Lake", Aurora in "Sleeping Beauty", and Nikiya in "La Bayadère," to such modern works as Balanchine's "Serenade", "Symphony in C" and "Apollo" as well as McMillan's "Manon" and Neumeier's "Now and Then"
At La Scala Theatre Ballet in Italy, Zakharova danced with partner Roberto Bolle in Swan Lake, Giselle, The Sleeping Beauty, and La Bayadère.
Other notable appearances: Zakharova was one of the dancers featured in the 2006 documentary Ballerina. She has presented her own TV programme (Svetlana) on Russian television, a festival of children's dance running from 2015 to 2018. As of July 2020, she is also presenting "Bolshoi Ballet", a ballet competition for professional ballet dancers. She has performed in her own solo programme, sold out across Europe, "Modanse", a more modern ballet, and "Coco", an homage to Coco Chanel featuring costumes from the eponymous design house.
Awards
1997 : Vaganova-Prix Young Dancers Competition, Sankt-Peterburg (2nd prize)
1999 : Golden Mask for Serenade
2000 : Golden Mask for The Sleeping Beauty
2005 : Prix Benois de la Danse for Hippolita (Titania) in A Midsummer Night's Dream
2006 : State Prize of the Russian Federation
2008 People's artist of Russia
2008 Elected State Duma deputy ( Russian parliament)
2015 : Prix Benois de la Danse for Marguerite Gautier in "The Lady of the Camellias" by John Neumeier and Mekhmene-Banu in "Légende d'amour" by Yury Grigorovich
Personal life
Zakharova is married to Russian violinist Vadim Repin, and they have one child, daughter Anna (b. 2011). She had withdrawn from the Bolshoi Ballet tour to London in the summer of 2010 citing a hip injury; she was pregnant at the time. Zakharova returned to dancing, and performed in London on , in a gala performance celebrating Soviet ballerina Galina Ulanova.
She named the Italian dancer Roberto Bolle as one of her favorite partners.
A member of United Russia party, Zakharova was a supporter of Russian President Vladimir Putin and the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation during the Russo-Ukrainian War, which led to a break in her relationship with the Kyiv Choreographic School in particular.
References
External links
Svetlana Zakharova's page, at the Bolchoi Theatre
1979 births
Living people
People from Lutsk
La Scala Theatre Ballet dancers
Prima ballerinas
Russian ballerinas
State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
Bolshoi Ballet principal dancers
21st-century Russian ballet dancers
Fifth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Pro-Russian people of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine |
A Painter's Idyl is a short silent film from 1911, directed and interpreted by Hobart Bosworth.
Production
The film was produced by William Nicholas Selig for his company, Selig Polyscope Company.
Distribution
Distributed by the General Film Company, the film—a short reel—was released in US cinemas October 27, 1911.
References
External links
A Painter's Idyll at IMDb
1911 short films
American silent films
1910s English-language films
Silent short films |
```c++
//
//
// See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
#include <boost/mp11/utility.hpp>
#include <boost/core/lightweight_test_trait.hpp>
#include <type_traits>
using boost::mp11::mp_invoke;
template<class...> struct X {};
template<template<class...> class F, class... T> using Y = X<F<T>...>;
template<class Q, class... T> using Z = X<mp_invoke<Q, T>...>;
template<class T, class U> struct P {};
template<class T, class U> using first = T;
int main()
{
using boost::mp11::mp_identity_t;
using boost::mp11::mp_quote;
{
using Q = mp_quote<mp_identity_t>;
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<mp_invoke<Q, void>, void>));
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<mp_invoke<Q, int[]>, int[]>));
}
{
using Q = mp_quote<mp_identity_t>;
#if defined( BOOST_MSVC ) && BOOST_WORKAROUND( BOOST_MSVC, <= 1800 )
#else
using R1 = Y<Q::fn, void, char, int>;
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<R1, X<void, char, int>>));
#endif
#if defined( BOOST_MSVC ) && BOOST_WORKAROUND( BOOST_MSVC, < 1920 && BOOST_MSVC >= 1900 )
#else
using R2 = Z<Q, void, char, int>;
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<R2, X<void, char, int>>));
#endif
}
{
using Q = mp_quote<P>;
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<mp_invoke<Q, void, void>, P<void, void>>));
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<mp_invoke<Q, char[], int[]>, P<char[], int[]>>));
}
{
using Q = mp_quote<first>;
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<mp_invoke<Q, void, int>, void>));
BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_TRUE((std::is_same<mp_invoke<Q, char[], int[]>, char[]>));
}
return boost::report_errors();
}
``` |
Magadanobracon is an extinct genus of wasps which existed in what is now Russia during the Cenomanian age. It was described by Sergey A. Belokobylskij, and contains the species M. rasnitsyni and M. zherikhini.
References
Prehistoric Hymenoptera genera
†
Protorhyssalinae
Cretaceous insects
Fossils of Russia |
```smalltalk
// ***********************************************************************
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
// ***********************************************************************
using System;
using NUnit.Framework.Api;
namespace NUnit.Framework.Internal.Filters
{
/// <summary>
/// NotFilter negates the operation of another filter
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class NotFilter : TestFilter
{
ITestFilter baseFilter;
bool topLevel = false;
/// <summary>
/// Construct a not filter on another filter
/// </summary>
/// <param name="baseFilter">The filter to be negated</param>
public NotFilter( ITestFilter baseFilter)
{
this.baseFilter = baseFilter;
}
/// <summary>
/// Indicates whether this is a top-level NotFilter,
/// requiring special handling of Explicit
/// </summary>
public bool TopLevel
{
get { return topLevel; }
set { topLevel = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the base filter
/// </summary>
public ITestFilter BaseFilter
{
get { return baseFilter; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Check whether the filter matches a test
/// </summary>
/// <param name="test">The test to be matched</param>
/// <returns>True if it matches, otherwise false</returns>
public override bool Match( ITest test )
{
if (topLevel && test.RunState == RunState.Explicit)
return false;
return !baseFilter.Pass( test );
}
/// <summary>
/// Determine whether any descendant of the test matches the filter criteria.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="test">The test to be matched</param>
/// <returns>True if at least one descendant matches the filter criteria</returns>
protected override bool MatchDescendant(ITest test)
{
if (!test.HasChildren || test.Tests == null || topLevel && test.RunState == RunState.Explicit)
return false;
foreach (ITest child in test.Tests)
{
if (Match(child) || MatchDescendant(child))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}
``` |
Love Songs to the Beatles is a tribute album dedicated to the Beatles, released in 1965 by Mary Wells on the 20th Century Fox label. The album was a personal tribute to the British rock group by Wells, who was one of the first Motown artists to tour overseas as the group's opening act after her single "My Guy" had gained hit status in the UK. Wells befriended all four members of the group and released it as a labor of love. This was her second and last album for 20th Century Fox.
Track listing
All tracks composed by John Lennon and Paul McCartney
"He Loves You"
"All My Lovin'"
"Please Please Me"
"Do You Want to Know a Secret"
"Can't Buy Me Love"
"I Should Have Known Better"
"Help!"
"Eight Days a Week"
"And I Love Him"
"Ticket to Ride"
"Yesterday"
"I Saw Him Standing There"
Personnel
Arranged and conducted by Joe Mazzu
Jack Lonshein – cover design
References
1965 albums
The Beatles tribute albums
Mary Wells albums
20th Century Fox Records albums |
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