text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Devica (Serbian Cyrillic: Девица) is a mountain in eastern Serbia, near the town of Sokobanja. Its highest peak, Čapljinac (also called Manjin Kamen) has an elevation of above sea level. It belongs to the boundary of Carpathian and Balkan mountain ranges, which meet in eastern Serbia.
It is bounded by the spa town on Sokobanja and river Moravica on north, Labukovo on south, road Sokobanja-Labukovo on west, and Galibabinac on east. The deep canyon of Moravica is cut into Devica's northern edge, dominated by the old fortress Soko Grad. At the height of around 1100 m there is a large plateau, with several caves and other carst formations. Except for parts near Sokobanja, it has no tourist facilities and is relatively unknown to the wider public.
References
Mountains of Serbia
Serbian Carpathians |
Kenneth Bernard Beard FRCO(CHM) (9 June 1927, in Royton, Lancashire – 9 July 2010) was an English Cathedral Organist.
Education
He attended Kingswood School, Bath, and studied at the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Music from 1946 to 1949.
After Manchester, he was organ scholar of Emmanuel College, Cambridge,
He was also made a Fellow of the Royal College of Organists in 1949, and gained a Choirmaster diploma in 1954.
Career
He was:
Organist of St. Michael's College, Tenbury 1952–1959
Rector Chori of Southwell Minster 1959–1988
Organist of St Mary's Church, Mold
During his time in Tenbury, he commissioned the anthem “Antiphon” from Benjamin Britten and conducted the first performance on 29 September 1956 in the presence of the composer.
At Southwell he was not only the organist of the Minster, but also head of Music of Southwell Minster School.
He was awarded the Cross of St Augustine by Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 2008 in recognition of his service to church music.
References
Cathedral organists
1927 births
2010 deaths
People from Royton
People educated at Kingswood School, Bath
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Recipients of the Cross of St Augustine
20th-century classical musicians |
Oreste Vilato Marrero Vázquez (born October 31, 1969) is a former professional baseball first baseman. He played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Montreal Expos, appearing in 42 games during the 1993 and 1996 seasons. After his release from the Dodgers system, Marrero played from 2000 to 2005 in the Atlantic League, primarily with the Bridgeport Bluefish.
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dukes players
Arizona League Brewers players
Beloit Brewers players
Boise Hawks players
Bridgeport Bluefish players
El Paso Diablos players
Harrisburg Senators players
Helena Brewers players
Huntsville Stars players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Madison Black Wolf players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Montreal Expos players
Ottawa Lynx players
Baseball players from Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Canada
San Antonio Missions players
Stockton Ports players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Taiwan
Sinon Bulls players |
Nevermind, It's an Interview is the only officially released interview CD of American grunge band Nirvana. It was only a promotional release and was never commercially available. Released in limited-edition form worldwide in 1992 by Geffen Records, written, produced and engineered at WFNX Boston by Kurt St. Thomas and Troy Smith, (authors of Nirvana: The Chosen Rejects, (St. Martin's Press, 2004). The original interview sessions were recorded by St. Thomas the night of Nirvana's first appearance on NBC's Saturday Night Live in 1992. It contains over an hour of audio interview with live and studio recordings. The reason for its production was for radio stations world-wide to have a Nirvana interview to play because at that time the band was so popular that it was not possible for them to visit all the radio stations that were playing their music. Copies of the CD are rare and have become collectors items. However, for a limited time, the entire CD was included at the end of the iTunes version of With the Lights Out, Nirvana's posthumous box set. It is listed as:
"Nevermind It's an Interview, Pt.1"
"Nevermind It's an Interview, Pt.2"
"Nevermind It's an Interview, Pt.3"
All songs are incomplete unless otherwise noted. The live versions of "Drain You" and "School" were released on some versions of the "Come as You Are" single. The back cover reads: "Kurt St Thomas, Music director of WFNX, Boston, speaks with Kurt Cobain, Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl about life in Nirvana, circa 1992."
Track listing
Track 1:
"Breed"
"Stay Away"
"School"
"Mr. Moustache"
"Sifting"
"In Bloom"
"Spank Thru"
"Floyd the Barber"
"Scoff"
"Love Buzz"
"About a Girl" (live, full)
"Dive"
"Sliver"
"Aneurysm" (live, full)
Track 2:
"Lithium"
"Even in His Youth"
"Drain You" (live, October 31, 1991, full)
"Something in the Way"
"Come as You Are"
"Polly"
"In Bloom"
"Smells Like Teen Spirit"
"On a Plain" (live, full)
"Stay Away"
"Endless, Nameless"
Track 3:
"Molly's Lips" (live)
"Stain"
"School" (live, October 31, 1991, full)
"Big Cheese"
"Been a Son"
"Territorial Pissings" (full)
"Smells Like Teen Spirit" (full)
References
See also
Nevermind (album)
Classic Albums: Nirvana – Nevermind (DVD)
Nirvana discography
Interview albums
Nirvana (band) live albums
1992 live albums
Geffen Records live albums |
The Izon languages (), otherwise known as the Ịjọ languages, are the languages spoken by the Izon people in southern Nigeria.
Classification
The Ijo languages were traditionally considered a distinct branch of the Niger–Congo family (perhaps along with Defaka in a group called Ijoid). They are notable for their subject–object–verb basic word order, which is otherwise an unusual feature in Niger–Congo, shared only by such distant potential branches as Mande and Dogon. Like Mande and Dogon, Ijoid lacks even traces of the noun class system considered characteristic of Niger–Congo. This motivated Joseph Greenberg, in his initial classification of Niger–Congo, to describe them as having split early from that family. However, owing to the lack of these features, linguist Gerrit Dimmendaal doubts their inclusion in Niger–Congo altogether and considers the Ijoid languages to be an independent family.
The following internal classification is based on Jenewari (1989) and Williamson & Blench (2000).
East
Nkoroo
Kalabari (Bonny/Ibani, Okrika/Kirike)
Bille (Touma, Krikama, Jikeama)
Southeast Ijo
Nembe
Akassa
West (or Central)
Izon
Inland Ijo
Biseni
Akita (Okordia)
Oruma
Blench (2019) moves Southeast Ijo into the West (or Central) branch.
East
Nkoroo
Kalabari (Bonny/Ibani, Okrika/Kirike)
Bille
West (or Central)
Southeast Ijo
Nembe
Akassa
Izon–Inland Ijo
Izon
Inland Ijo
Biseni
Akita (Okordia)
Oruma
Names and locations
Below is a list of Ijaw language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).
In the diaspora
Berbice Creole Dutch, an extinct creole spoken in Guyana, had a lexicon based partly on an Ịjọ language, perhaps the ancestor of Kalabari.
Education and media
In June 2013, the Izon Fie instructional book and audio CDs were launched at a ceremony attended by officials of the government of Bayelsa State. The Niger Delta University is working to expand the range of books available in the Ijo language. Translations of poetry and the Call of the River Nun by Gabriel Okara are underway.
See also
List of Proto-Ijaw reconstructions (Wiktionary)
References
Bibliography
Freemann, R. A., and Kay Williamson. 1967. Ịjọ proverbs. Research Notes (Ibadan) 1:1-11.
Kouwenberg, Silvia 1994. A grammar of Berbice Dutch Creole. (Mouton Grammar Library 12). Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Lee, J. D., and Kay Williamson. 1990. A lexicostatistic classification of Ịjọ dialects. Research in African Languages and Linguistics 1:1.1-10.
Williamson, Kay. 1963. The syntax of verbs of motion in Ịjọ. J. African Languages 2.150-154.
Williamson, Kay. 1966. Ịjọ dialects in the Polyglotta Africana. Sierra Leone Language Review 5. 122-133.
Williamson, Kay. 1969. 'Igbo' and 'Ịjọ', chapters 7 and 8 in: Twelve Nigerian Languages, ed. by E. Dunstan. Longmans.
Williamson, Kay. 1971. Animal names in Ịjọ. Afr. Notes 6, no. 2, 53-61.
Williamson, Kay. 1973. Some reduced vowel harmony systems. Research Notes 6:1-3. 145-169.
Williamson, Kay. 1977. Multivalued features for consonants. Language 53.843-871.
Williamson, Kay. 1978. From tone to pitch-accent: the case of Ịjọ. Kiabàrà 1:2.116-125.
Williamson, Kay. 1979. Consonant distribution in Ịjọ. In: Linguistic and literary studies presented to Archibald Hill, ed. E.C. Polome and W. Winter, 3.341-353. Lisse, Netherlands: Peter de Ridder Press.
Williamson, Kay. 1979. Medial consonants in Proto-Ịjọ. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 1.73-94.
Williamson, Kay. 1987. Nasality in Ịjọ. In: Current trends in African linguistics, 4, ed. by David Odden, 397-415.
Williamson, Kay. 1989. Tone and accent in Ịjọ. In Pitch accent systems, ed. by Harry v.d. Hulst and Norval Smith, 253-278. Foris Publications.
Williamson, Kay. 2004. The language situation in the Niger Delta. Chapter 2 in: The development of Ịzọn language, edited by Martha L. Akpana, 9-13.
Williamson, Kay, and A. O. Timitimi. 1970. A note on number symbolism in Ịjọ. African Notes (Ibadan) 5:3. 9-16.
Williamson, Kay & Timitime, A.O. (197?) 'A note on Ijo number symbolism', African Notes, 5, 3, 9-16.
Filatei, Akpodigha. 2006. The Ijaw Language Project. (Editor of www.ijawdictionary.com). www.ijawdictionary.com
On specific languages
Williamson, Kay. 1962. (Republished by Bobbs-Merrill Reprints 1971.). Changes in the marriage system of the Okrika Ịjọ. Africa 32.53-60.
Orupabo, G. J., and Kay Williamson. 1980. Okrika. In West African language data sheets, Volume II, edited by M.E. Kropp Dakubu. Leiden: West African Linguistic Society and African Studies Centre.
External links
The Ijaw Dictionary Online
Languages of Nigeria
Indigenous languages of Rivers State
Subject–object–verb languages |
Vattenvisan ("The Water Song") is a children's song with lyrics by Lennart Hellsing and Lille Bror Söderlundh, and published in 1960 in Våra visor 3. The song was written for the school radio programme Bara vanligt vatten in 1957, and originally had seven verses. During publication, two of them were removed.
Publication
Våra visor 3, 1960
Barnvisboken, 1977, as "Dripp dropp dripp dropp (Vattenvisan)"
Smått å gott, 1977
Barnens svenska sångbok, 1999, under the lines "Sånger för småfolk".
Barnvisor och sånglekar till enkelt komp, 1984
Recordings
An early recording was done by Kerstin Andeby's children's choir & Peter Wanngren's band, and originally released as a record in 1995..
References
Barnens svenska sångbok (1999)
1957 songs
Swedish children's songs
Swedish-language songs
Songs with lyrics by Lennart Hellsing |
The list of shipwrecks in 1818 includes ships sunk, wrecked, or otherwise lost during 1818.
January
1 January
2 January
3 January
4 January
5 January
6 January
7 January
8 January
9 January
10 January
11 January
12 January
13 January
14 January
15 January
16 January
17 January
18 January
20 January
21 January
22 January
23 January
24 January
27 January
28 January
29 January
30 January
31 January
Unknown date
February
1 February
3 February
4 February
5 February
6 February
7 February
8 February
9 February
10 February
11 February
12 February
13 February
15 February
16 February
18 February
20 February
21 February
22 February
23 February
24 February
25 February
26 February
27 February
28 February
Unknown date
March
1 March
2 March
3 March
4 March
5 March
7 March
8 March
9 March
10 March
11 March
12 March
13 March
14 March
15 March
18 March
19 March
20 March
21 March
22 March
23 March
24 March
25 March
26 March
27 March
29 March
30 March
31 March
Unknown date
April
1 April
2 April
3 April
4 April
5 April
6 April
7 April
8 April
9 April
10 April
11 April
12 April
14 April
15 April
16 April
17 April
18 April
20 April
21 April
22 April
23 April
24 April
25 April
27 April
28 April
29 April
Unknown date
May
1 May
3 May
4 May
5 May
10 May
13 May
15 May
16 May
17 May
18 May
20 May
22 May
23 May
25 May
27 May
31 May
Unknown date
June
6 June
10 June
14 June
15 June
16 June
20 June
22 June
23 June
25 June
26 June
28 June
29 June
30 June
Unknown date
July
2 July
3 July
4 July
5 July
7 July
12 July
14 July
18 July
20 July
22 July
23 July
25 July
26 July
27 July
Unknown date
August
1 August
2 August
4 August
5 August
6 August
7 August
8 August
9 August
10 August
11 August
13 August
14 August
15 August
16 August
19 August
20 August
24 August
27 August
28 August
29 August
30 August
31 August
Unknown date
September
2 September
3 September
4 September
8 September
9 September
10 September
11 September
12 September
13 September
14 September
15 September
16 September
17 September
18 September
20 September
21 September
22 September
23 September
24 September
25 September
26 September
27 September
28 September
29 September
30 September
Unknown date
October
2 October
3 October
4 October
6 October
7 October
9 October
11 October
13 October
14 October
16 October
17 October
18 October
19 October
20 October
21 October
22 October
23 October
24 October
25 October
27 October
28 October
29 October
30 October
31 October
Unknown date
November
1 November
2 November
3 November
4 November
5 November
6 November
8 November
9 November
10 November
11 November
12 November
13 November
14 November
15 November
16 November
17 November
18 November
19 November
20 November
23 November
24 November
25 November
26 November
28 November
29 November
30 November
Unknown date
December
1 December
2 December
3 December
4 December
5 December
6 December
7 December
8 December
9 December
10 December
11 December
12 December
13 December
15 December
16 December
17 December
18 December
19 December
20 December
21 December
22 December
23 December
24 December
25 December
26 December
27 December
28 December
29 December
30 December
31 December
Unknown date
Unknown date
References
1818 |
Anna Martha Elizabeth Bruin (1870–1961) was a Dutch painter known for her landscapes.
Biography
Bruin was born on 24 September 1870 in Zaandijk. She studied at the (Amsterdam) National Normal School for Drawing Teachers (Amsterdam). Her instructors included Jan Derk Huibers and Johannes Leendert Vleming. She was a member of (Artist association Laren-Blaricum). Bruin's work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
Bruin died on 24 June 1961 in Blaricum.
References
External links
images of Bruin's work on Artnet
1870 births
1961 deaths
19th-century Dutch women artists
20th-century Dutch women artists
Artists from Zaanstad
Dutch women painters |
Urban Andrain Woodbury (July 11, 1838 – April 15, 1915) was an American Civil War veteran, an entrepreneur and a U.S. politician of the Republican Party. He served as mayor of Burlington, 37th lieutenant governor, and as the 45th governor of Vermont.
Prewar life
Woodbury was born in Acworth, New Hampshire, on July 11, 1838, the son of Albert M. and Lucy L. (Wadleigh) Woodbury, natives of Cavendish, Vermont. He was raised in Morristown and Morrisville, Vermont from the age of two, and attended the public schools of Morristown, and Peoples Academy in Morrisville. Woodbury intended on a career as a physician and attended the medical department of the University of Vermont, from which he graduated in 1859. He never practiced medicine because he decided to enlist in the Union Army for the American Civil War.
Civil War
Woodbury enlisted on May 25, 1861, and mustered in as 1st Sergeant of Company H, 2nd Vermont Infantry on June 20. He fought at the July 21 First Battle of Bull Run, where he lost his right arm after being struck by a fragment from an exploding artillery shell, thus becoming Vermont's first Empty Sleeve. Woodbury was captured, and after nearly three months in prison in Richmond, Virginia, he was paroled on October 5, 1861. He was discharged on account of wounds on October 18.
In November 1862, Woodbury accepted a commission as a captain and was assigned as commander of Company D, 11th Vermont Infantry. He transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps on June 17, 1863, and resigned from the service March 27, 1865.
Postwar life
After returning from the war, Woodbury settled in Burlington and engaged in the lumber and hotel businesses. For 19 years he was manager of the Booth Lumber Company of Burlington, and for 35 years owner and proprietor of the Van Ness House, a hotel he enlarged twice, enabling it to accommodate 400 guests. At the time of his death he was president of the Mead Manufacturing Company, the Crystal Confectionery Company, and the Queen City Cotton Company.
A Republican, he was elected alderman in Burlington's 2nd Ward in 1881 and 1882, and he was president of the board in his second year. From 1884 to 1886, he served as a colonel on the staff of Governor John L. Barstow. He was mayor of Burlington in 1885 and 1886, and lieutenant governor from 1888 to 1890, under Governor William P. Dillingham. He served as governor from 1894 to 1896. In 1898, he was appointed by President William McKinley to a commission led by General Grenville Dodge, which investigated the conduct of the War Department in the Spanish–American War.
Woodbury was active in Freemasonry and attained the 32nd degree of the Scottish Rite. His other fraternal associations included Freemasonry, IOOF, Grand Army of the Republic, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Sons of the American Revolution, and Knights of Pythias. Woodbury was also an early member of the Green Mountain Club which was established at a meeting in the Van Ness House in 1910.
Death and burial
Woodbury became ill in early 1915, and in February he traveled to the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Michigan to seek a cure. He had several strokes soon after beginning a course of treatment, and after it was clear he would not recover, Woodbury asked to be brought back to Burlington so he could pass his final days at his own home. He died in Burlington on April 15, 1915. Woodbury was buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Burlington.
Family
On February 12, 1860, Woodbury married Paulina L. Darling, daughter of Ira and Sarah Darling of Elmore, Vermont. They were the parents of six children: Charles, Minnie, Gertrude, Edward, Lila, and Mildred. Gertrude Woodbury (1872-1962) was the wife of George M. Powers, who served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court.
References
Sources
Benedict, G. G., Vermont in the Civil War. A History of the part taken by the Vermont Soldiers And Sailors in the War For The Union, 1861–65, Burlington, VT: The Free Press Association, 1888, i:77, 83; ii:343.
"Ex-Gov. U. A. Woodbury Prominently Identified With Business Interests of Burlington," Bennington (VT) Banner, April 17, 1915
"Last Honors Paid, Funeral of the Late Governor Woodbury Held Sunday," Bennington (VT) Banner, April 20, 1915
Peck, Theodore S., compiler, Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers and lists of Vermonters Who Served in the Army and Navy of the United States During the War of the Rebellion, 1861–66. Montpelier, VT.: Press of the Watchman Publishing Co., 1892, pp. 56, 424, 733.
Urban Andrain Woodbury at National Governors Association
See also
Vermont in the Civil War
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
1838 births
1915 deaths
People from Acworth, New Hampshire
Republican Party governors of Vermont
Mayors of Burlington, Vermont
People of Vermont in the American Civil War
American Civil War prisoners of war
Members of the Sons of the American Revolution
University of Vermont alumni
Vermont Brigade
19th-century American politicians
General Society of Colonial Wars
Burials at Lakeview Cemetery (Burlington, Vermont)
Lieutenant Governors of Vermont
American amputees
American politicians with disabilities |
The 2016 Southern Aleppo campaign was a series of military operations that started on 1 April when the Islamist rebel coalition Army of Conquest, led by the al-Nusra Front, launched a surprise offensive south of Aleppo. The main objective of the operation was to recapture territory they had lost during the large-scale government offensive in late 2015.
Campaign
First offensive (April 2016)
In the afternoon of 1 April, rebel forces launched the offensive, targeting the strategic village of Tel el-Ais, that overlooks the Damascus–Aleppo highway. The operation started with preparatory shelling hitting the village's southwestern flank. This was followed up by a ground assault that included an attack conducted by three suicide car bombers against government positions. According to one report, the bombers did not reach their targets, while according to another, they managed to clear the way for the rebel infantry. Still, the attack on Tel el-Ais was eventually repelled. However, soon after, the rebels launched a second assault, and early on 2 April, they captured Tel el-Ais. The Al-Nusra Front claimed they ambushed government troops as they were withdrawing from the village.
After securing the village, the rebels proceeded to attack and seize the Jabal Al-'Eiss (Mount Eiss) area, with the Army withdrawing towards Hader. Meanwhile, elsewhere along the frontline, the rebels captured the villages of Abu Ruwayl, Hawbar and Birnah as the offensive started, however they were recaptured by the military by the following morning. Among the dead on the government side from the previous two days of fighting were 12 Hezbollah fighters and three IRGC officers.
As of early 3 April, a counter-attack had not yet started as government forces were awaiting the arrival of the final batch of ammunition and vehicles. Later in the day, a rebel source stated 100 government vehicles were seen heading towards the southern countryside of Aleppo. At 10 p.m. that evening, the Army counter-attack started and government forces reportedly captured several points on the eastern and northern perimeter of Tel el-Ais, coming to within a few hundred meters of the village. Still, by the morning, two attacks to breach the village itself had been repelled, although the main assault had not yet taken place as airstrikes continued.
On 5 April, a Syrian Air Force plane was shot down in the area of Tel el-Ais by the Al-Nusra Front, with the pilot captured. During the day, members of the Iranian 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade reportedly arrived in Hader. For the first time since February, Russian air-strikes were conducted in the southern Aleppo countryside, in preparation for the Army counter-attack.
Late on 5 April, the Iranian special forces, supported by Syrian Army troops, attacked the village. In the early hours of the next day, it was incorrectly claimed they recaptured Tel el-Ais. Still, pro-opposition SOHR confirmed government troops made progress in the area of Tel el-Ais. During the day, the rebels temporarily withdrew from the village due to heavy shelling before returning. The same day, another large Army convoy arrived in the area.
On 9 April, the rebels took control of the village of Khalidiyah, near Khan Tuman, as well as two hilltops and large parts of Zaytan, Birnah and al-Qal'ajiyyeh. Meanwhile, government forces intensified their shelling of Tel el-Ais and nearby Zorba, with over 100 mortars and rockets being fired at rebel positions, while Russian air-strikes continued.
The next day, the military recaptured Khalidiyah and the rebels withdrew from Zaytan, Birnah and other positions they had taken during the previous 24 hours. During the rebel assault on Khalidiyah and Khan Tuman, four Iranian commandos were killed, including two members of the 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade.
On 12 April, a new government assault on Tel el-Ais started. Before the attack, 300 rockets were launched at rebel positions in the area. Fighting also took place near Khan Tuman. The Army managed to advance and capture several hills in the area, as well as most of the village itself. However, this latest attack on Tel el-Ais was also eventually repelled, when government forces withdrew from the village after not being able to take Jabal Al-'Eiss hill. The hills that they had also seized earlier in the day were once again under rebel control.
Interlude
One week after the end of the offensive, the rebels once again launched a two-pronged attack against Khan Tuman, Zaytan and Birnah. The attack was quickly repelled, with more than 30 rebels reportedly being killed at Khan Tuman and two of their tanks being destroyed.
Second offensive (May 2016)
On 5 May, the United States and Russia agreed on a cessation of hostilities in Aleppo for 48 hours. However, fighting continued in the city and surrounding areas. The same day, the Army of Conquest militants, supported by Jund al-Aqsa and the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria (TIP), advanced and captured the village of Khalidiyah, west of Khan Tuman and southwest of Aleppo. The rebels then launched artillery attack on Khan Tuman. During the fighting, the Army destroyed a car bomb with a rocket. Around 7 a.m. on 6 May, the rebels captured Khan Tuman, as well as five other nearby villages. In all, 62 pro-government fighters and 57 rebels were killed in the rebel assault. During the clashes, an air strike hit a heavy concentration of rebels, killing 18 fighters.
Following the capture of Khan Tuman, hundreds of government reinforcements, including Palestinian militiamen, were sent to help recapture the town. Preparations were being made for a counter-attack, with Russian air-strikes reportedly hitting rebel positions in the area. On 7 May, government troops recaptured three villages.
The counter-attack against Khan Tuman started on 8 May, and was reportedly repelled. By 11 May, the fighting in the area of Khan Tuman left 173 fighters dead on both sides and more than 300 wounded. Among those killed on the rebel side were 35 Turkistan Islamic Party members as well as a number of Uzbeks. Among pro-government dead were 55 Afghans, Iranians, Iraqis and Lebanese.
Overnight between 11 and 12 May, heavy Russian air-strikes hit rebel positions in the area of Khan Tuman.
Third offensive (June 2016)
On 3 June, a new surprise rebel offensive was started. al-Nusra suicide bombers detonated car bombs near Khan Tuman, followed by an assault with heavy armour toward pro-government positions. Ahrar al-Sham then seized the village of Maratah, capturing a large amount munitions crates, a T-62, and a fuel depot. The rebels also took over three more villages, an air defence battalion, and a weapons warehouse. By the next day, the rebels had taken control of five villages. The same day, the Sham Legion launched an anti-tank guided missile at a suspected Syrian Army position near the area, killing a Dagestani al-Qaeda commander in a friendly fire incident.
On 14 June, al-Nusra led a fresh jihadist assault in the southern Aleppo countryside, targeting the villages of Khalsah and Zeitain, controlled by a number of pro-government forces. The jihadists initially captured Zeitain, whilst heavy fighting continued in Khalsah.
On 15 June, the National Defence Forces, Hezbollah and allied forces launched a counter-attack and succeeded in recapturing the village of Zeitan, whilst also repelling the jihadist assault on Khalsah. It was reported that over 20 jihadist fighters had been killed, whilst a rebel T-72 tank and 2 BMP's were destroyed.
On 16 June, a pro-government counter-attack against Maratah was repelled.
During the night of 17 and 18 June, the jihadist rebels led by al-Nusra imposed full control over the villages of Khalsah, Zeitan and Birnah, despite suffering heavy losses, including the death of a top commander. Overall, 186 fighters on both sides were killed in the fighting over the previous four days, 100 rebels and 86 pro-government fighters.
Muhaysini visited Turkistan Islamic Party fighters before the battle and performed dua. Khan Tuman in Aleppo then came under attack by the Uyghur Turkistan Islamic Party. A picture of Muhaysini with a Turkistan Islamic Party fighter in Khan Touman was released by the Turkistan Islamic Party after the battle. They displayed weapons and munitions seized during the battle. Corpses of what the TIP labelled as "Rawafid" (Shia) fighters and pictures of "Iranian" prisoners were released by the TIP.
See also
East Aleppo offensive (2015–16)
Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)
Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)
2016 Khanasir offensive
2016 Aleppo summer campaign
References
Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2016
Aleppo in the Syrian civil war
Aleppo Governorate in the Syrian civil war
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian government
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Hezbollah
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Quds Force
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Russia
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the al-Nusra Front
April 2016 events in Syria
May 2016 events in Syria
June 2016 events in Syria |
```smalltalk
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.TestUtilities;
using MySqlConnector;
using Xunit;
using Xunit.Abstractions;
namespace Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql.FunctionalTests.Query;
public class NorthwindSqlQueryMySqlTest : NorthwindSqlQueryTestBase<NorthwindQueryMySqlFixture<NoopModelCustomizer>>
{
public NorthwindSqlQueryMySqlTest(NorthwindQueryMySqlFixture<NoopModelCustomizer> fixture, ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
: base(fixture)
{
Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.SetTestOutputHelper(testOutputHelper);
}
[ConditionalFact]
public virtual void Check_all_tests_overridden()
=> TestHelpers.AssertAllMethodsOverridden(GetType());
public override async Task SqlQueryRaw_over_int(bool async)
{
await base.SqlQueryRaw_over_int(async);
AssertSql(
"""
SELECT `ProductID` FROM `Products`
""");
}
public override async Task SqlQuery_composed_Contains(bool async)
{
await base.SqlQuery_composed_Contains(async);
AssertSql(
"""
SELECT `o`.`OrderID`, `o`.`CustomerID`, `o`.`EmployeeID`, `o`.`OrderDate`
FROM `Orders` AS `o`
WHERE `o`.`OrderID` IN (
SELECT `s`.`Value`
FROM (
SELECT `ProductID` AS `Value` FROM `Products`
) AS `s`
)
""");
}
public override async Task SqlQuery_composed_Join(bool async)
{
await base.SqlQuery_composed_Join(async);
AssertSql(
"""
SELECT `o`.`OrderID`, `o`.`CustomerID`, `o`.`EmployeeID`, `o`.`OrderDate`, CAST(`s`.`Value` AS signed) AS `p`
FROM `Orders` AS `o`
INNER JOIN (
SELECT `ProductID` AS `Value` FROM `Products`
) AS `s` ON `o`.`OrderID` = CAST(`s`.`Value` AS signed)
""");
}
public override async Task SqlQuery_over_int_with_parameter(bool async)
{
await base.SqlQuery_over_int_with_parameter(async);
AssertSql(
"""
p0='10'
SELECT `ProductID` FROM `Products` WHERE `ProductID` = @p0
""");
}
protected override DbParameter CreateDbParameter(string name, object value)
=> new MySqlParameter { ParameterName = name, Value = value };
private void AssertSql(params string[] expected)
=> Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.AssertBaseline(expected);
}
``` |
r.o.r/s (Reflections of Renaissance/Sounds) was a short lived Japanese music group, formed in 2003 by Masami Okui and Chihiro Yonekura. The group was managed by the record company King Records. The group released two singles ("Candy Lie" KICM-91082 and 2nd Maxi Single "Tattoo Kiss" KICM-1087) and one album ( "dazzle" KICS-1037 2003) before Okui left the group.
The song Tattoo Kiss was used as the third opening of the anime Kaleido Star.
External links
r.o.r/s profile at Oricon
Japanese pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups disestablished in 2003 |
Oleksandr Zynoviiovych Bondurianskyi () (born 1945) is a Ukrainian pianist and 1994 recipient of the People's Artist of Russia. who was born in Kherson, Ukraine and used to take music lessons from Alexander Sokovnin at the Chișinău Music State Conservatory. Later on, he moved to Moscow where he studied piano and chamber music at the Moscow Conservatory under guidance from both Dimitri Bashkirov and Tatiana Gaidamovich. Soon after, he became a member of Moscow Piano Trio and began traveling in Russia and in the rest of the world. He used to be a teacher of both Chișinău and Moscow Conservatories at the later of which he became a professor. Since 1995, as many as 250 students have graduated under his guidance, which later became well known chamber music teachers throughout Russia.
References
1945 births
Living people
Ukrainian pianists
Musicians from Kherson
People's Artists of Russia
21st-century pianists
Moscow Conservatory alumni |
Mohammad Mohibul Haque (, ), or Dr. Muhibul Haque is a scholar and professor of international politics, Indian polity, minority rights and human rights at the Department of Political Science at Aligarh Muslim University. He was awarded President of India Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma Gold Medal for Excellence during his studies.
He speaks English, Hindi, and Urdu languages. Haque is also a prolific writer and author of several articles, research papers, chapters in the edited books on socio-political issues of national and international importance. He has also authored a book (International Terrorism and Violence: A Human Rights Perspective). He has done research on the topic of The Rights of Minorities in India: The Role of the National Commission for Minorities.
He is President of University Debating and Literary Club (UDLC) and instrumental in organizing AMU Literary Festivals. which is popular literary fest in north India. He is also Secretary of People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), Aligarh Unit.
Stand on Indo-Palestine relations
Haque supports India's stand in favor of Palestine. In an interview, he said, India has opposed the creation of Israel right from the days of its freedom struggle. Tilting toward Israel will definitely isolate India from the Muslim world. We should know that the conflict between Israel and the Muslim world is inevitable because of Israel’s contempt for international resolutions and international law. India’s interest will be best served by Supporting Palestine’s legitimate aspirations.
Views on terrorism
He views terrorism as an act against humanity. "An act of terror which involves the killing of innocent people is contrary to the spirit of Quran and Islam because the holy book itself declares that to kill one human life is to kill entire humanity, and to save one human life is to save entire humanity. (Quran, 5:32). Islamic militancy is a misnomer in another sense also. The so-called Islamic militancy has killed more Muslims than any other community. In fact the Muslims are the worst affected victim of terrorism."
Views on nuclear weapons
Haque is of the view that the politics of maintaining monopoly over the nuclear weapons and other WMD's by the Nuclear Weapons States (NWS) is characterized by double standards and is counterproductive for nuclear weapons free-world. The fact is that the presence of large number of dreaded nuclear weapons in a turbulent world is a serious threat to the very existence of living creatures on our planet.
Works
International Terrorism and Violence: A Human Rights Perspective, Manak Publications,New Delhi, in collaboration with Aligarh Muslim University Press, Aligarh, 2011, .
Corporate Globalisation and its Impact on Women in India,” in Debalina Banerjee (ed), Boundaries of the Self: Gender, Culture and Spaces, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K., 2014, , pp. 180-195.
Endangered Minorities in India: Understanding the Role of Police,” in Asghar Ali Engineer and A.S. Narang (eds), Minorities and Police in India, Manohar Publications, New Delhi, 2006. . Pp. 111–121.
The UN in the Unipolar World,” in T.A. Nizami (ed) Jawahar Lal Nehru: The Architect of India’s Foreign Policy Icon Publication, New Delhi, 2006,. .pp.326.
Police Atrocities and Endangered Minorities in India”, Abdulrahim Vijapur (ed.) Implementing Human Rights in the Third World: Essays on Human Rights, Dalits and Minorities, Manak Publications, New Delhi, 2008, , pp. 195–209.
Appeasement of Muslims: Myth and Reality, Resurging India: National and International Scenario, Icon publication, New Delhi, 2009, pp. 85–98.
Police and Minorities, Santosh Bharatiya (ed), Dalit and Minority Empowerment, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi, 2008, , pp. 315–321.
Perspectives on Sir Syed and the Aligarh Movement, A. R. Kidwai (ed.)Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Muslim Renaissance Man of India, a Bicentenary Commemorative Volume, Viva Books, New Delhi,2017, ,pp. 38–55.
Indian Constitution and Rights of Minorities: An Overview in Arshikhan(ed.) Exclusion of Muslims in India, Tolerance, Participation and Legitimacy of the State, Genuine publications, New Delhi, 2017. . pp. 53–74.
Indian Judiciary and Minority Rights: A study of Select Cases, in Arshi khan(ed.) Exclusion of Muslims in India, Tolerance, Participation and Legitimacy of the State, Genuine pub,New Delhi, 2017. . pp. 155–78.
Constituent Assembly Debates on Minority Rights”, P-09, Human Rights of Minorities, Module-04, UGC epathshala.
National Commission for Minorities: Protecting the Legal and Constitutional Rights of Minorities in India”, P-09, Human Rights of Minorities,Module-08,UGC epathshala.
Articles and seminar
He has participated in several National and International seminar and Conferences prominent among them are following-
Beyond Liberalism: Contemporary Relevance of Marxism at the International Conference on Examining the Relevance of Marx and Marxism to Contemporary Global Society, organized by Global Discourse in collaboration with School of Geography, Politics, Sociology, Newcastle University, U.K. 29–30 January 2011.
Presented paper entitled, Beyond Liberalism: Islamic Perspectives on Justice and Mutual Respect at the International seminar on Dialogue between Civilizations, organized by Global Civilizations Study Centre, London, U.K. 23–25 May 2008.
Shared views and experiences at Muslim Leaders of Tomorrow Conference, Doha, Qatar, 16–19 January 2009.
Presented paper entitled “Making Turkey a Destination for South Asian Students: Issues and Prospects”, in the International Students Symposium, Istanbul, Turkey, 24–25 December 2016.
Articles/ papers published in journals, magazines and newspapers
Beyond Liberalism: Contemporary Relevance of Marxism, Indian Journal of Politics, Vol.45, NO: 1 & 2, 2011, Department of Political Science, AMU, Aligarh, , pp. 59–74.
China-India Relationship: bonhomie to hostility and then to rapprochement, International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 3, Year 2014, Online , pp. 430–450.
Terrorism and Counter terrorism: Issues and Challenges, The Discourse, Volume 3, Issue 1, January- March 2014, Jamshedpur, India, , pp. 9–25.
Contesting Liberalism: Islamic Concepts of Justice and Mutual Respect, Indian Journal of Politics,Vol.48, Nos. 1–2, January–June 2014, Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh., , pp. 75–92.
Spirituality, Religion and Corruption, Aligarh journal of Islamic Philosophy, No. 17, December 2011, Department of Philosophy, AMU, India, , pp. 89–104.
Jihad or Terrorism?: A Definitional Dilemma, Journal of the Institute of Islamic Studies, No.36, AMU, Aligarh, 2007. pp. 95–111
Socio-Political Ethics in Islam and the West: A Comparative Perspective, Eurasia Review: .
The Virtual Reality of Islamic Terrorism, Journal of the Institute of Islamic Studies, Number 38,2009, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. pp. 69–78
Learning Lessons from Pakistan, Diplomatist, Vol. 3, Issue No. 6, June 2015, New Delhi, , pp. 44–45.
Institutional Mechanism for Monitoring Minority Safeguards in India: Role of the NCM, Indian Journal of Political Science(IJPOS), Volume 2 Number 2, July–December 2016, Red Flower Publications Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, pp. 97–110.
Iran and the Emerging Confederation of the Shiite States, Eurasia Review, .
Islam and Politics in West Asia: An Overview, Indian Journal of Politics, Vol. 51, Nos. 3–4, July–December 2017, Department of Political Science, AMU Aligarh, , pp. 1
Deconstruction Of Discourse On Terrorism
Membership of professional bodies
Member, Scientific Board, International journal of Social, Political and Economics Research (IJoSPER), IEDSR Association, Turkey.
Member, Advisory Board, Aligarh Muslim University Gazette, AMU, Aligarh
Group Coordinator for the Group Level Youth Parliament Competitions, 2017–2018, appointed by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Government of India.
President, University Literary and Debating Club, AMU Aligarh.
5.Member, Editorial Board of the academic journal, Quest for justice, Ambedkar Chair of legal AMU Aligarh.
Reviewer, Al-Barkat Journal of Finance and Management, (ISSN 0974-7281), Aligarh, U.P. India
Reviewer, The Discourse, A bilingual refereed quarterly research journal of humanities and Social Sciences (ISSN 2278-0920), Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
Member, Amnesty International India.
Member, Institute of Objective Studies(IOS)Centre for Dialogue, Aligarh
Member, Editorial Board, Indian Journal of Political Science, Red Flower Publications Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, Since 2016.
See also
Irfan Habib
Faizan Mustafa
Shakeel Ahmed Samdani
References
External links
AMU's connection with Turkey | A talk by Dr Mohibul Haq | Janpatr
Second High Profile Conference: Feedback: Dr Mohibul Haque
Dr. M. Mohibul Haque's Address on Sir Syed Day Celebrations 2015
Some lectures and speeches of MM Haque
Living people
Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Dutch Eerste Divisie in the 1982–83 season was contested by 16 teams, two less than the previous season. This was due to the disbandment of FC Amsterdam at the end of last season and the disbandment of SC Amersfoort halfway this year. DS '79 won the championship.
New entrants
Relegated from the 1981–82 Eredivisie
FC Den Haag
De Graafschap
MVV Maastricht
League standings
Promotion competition
In the promotion competition, four period winners (the best teams during each of the four quarters of the regular competition) played for promotion to the Eredivisie.
See also
1982–83 Eredivisie
1982–83 KNVB Cup
References
Netherlands - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Eerste Divisie seasons
2
Neth |
```xml
import { GeneratorTypes, PasswordTypes } from "../data/generator-types";
/** The kind of credential being generated. */
export type GeneratorType = (typeof GeneratorTypes)[number];
/** The kinds of passwords that can be generated. */
export type PasswordType = (typeof PasswordTypes)[number];
``` |
Tariffville is a neighborhood and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Simsbury in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,324 at the 2010 census. It is a popular location for whitewater paddlers who use the Farmington River.
Part of the original mill village area is included in the Tariffville Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The historic district excludes newer development around West Point Terrace and Hayes Road, as well as properties along White Water Turn, Wooster Road, and Main Street Extension. The historic district is architecturally significant for preserving some evidence of early nineteenth-century mill village characteristics (in retaining some old mill housing and street layout) and for also preserving later 19th-century Greek Revival and Gothic Revival structures.
Geography
Tariffville is in the northeast corner of the town of Simsbury, on the inside of a sharp bend in the Farmington River. The northeast and northwest borders of the CDP follow the river, with the northeast part also forming the town line with East Granby. The southeast border of the CDP follows the crest of Talcott Mountain and is the town line with Bloomfield. The southern border of the CDP follows a line just south of West Point Terrace from Talcott Mountain back down to the river.
Connecticut Route 189 (Hartford Avenue) runs through the east end of Tariffville, leading north to Granby and south to Hartford. Connecticut Route 315 passes through the center of Tariffville as Elm Street and Tariffville Road.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 7.98%, is water.
History
In 1825 (or 1827), the Tariff Manufacturing Company built a carpet mill along the Farmington River, giving its name to the area. The company name came from the Tariff Act of 1824 which included protective tariffs for a number of products, including wool and cotton textiles. The area did not have sufficient housing for the workers, so the company built housing, some of which survives today. The carpet business survived for a few decades, but by 1867, the primary industry in the area was sorting and packing of tobacco. The tobacco business would continue as the chief industry through the 1930s. The town was the site of a major rail accident, the Tariffville train crash, in 1878.
The first steel manufacturing plant in the country was established in Tariffville at a site on the Farmington River in 1727.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,371 people, 618 households, and 376 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 638 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.41% White, 2.70% African American, 0.29% Native American, 2.04% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 2.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population.
There were 618 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $60,000, and the median income for a family was $65,096. Males had a median income of $42,750 versus $32,132 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,585. About 5.3% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in Hartford County, Connecticut
Neighborhoods in Connecticut
Simsbury, Connecticut
Census-designated places in Connecticut |
Erhan Tabakoğlu (born 1967 in Kırklareli in the Province of Kırklareli) is a Turkish professor of medicine at Trakya University. He was elected as the new rector of the university on 12 July 2016 by a majority vote, and at the end of July the election was confirmed. He defeated the incumbent rector Yener Yörük, who was also a candidate. In 2016 he was elected as General Secretary of Balkan Universities Association and in 2020 Tabakoglu was confirmed as rector for a second term until 2024.
Life and work
Tabakoglu was born in 1967 and attended primary and secondary school in Alpulla and took school leaving examinations in Edirne. He then studied medicine at Istanbul University and performed his two-year military service in Adana.
Tabakoglu began his career at the Trakya University Clinic for Lung Disease in 1992, and in 2005 he became an associate professor. He has been professor of intensive care at the clinic since 2012.
Many scientific articles of him have been published in national and international channels about his specialization as Chest Diseases and Intensive Care, he also had active part in related unions. During his career he undertook many different administrative and academic duties like Medical Education Master Science Branch Faculty Membership, Medical Faculty Administrative Board Selected Associate Professor Delegation, Medical Faculty Hospital ISO Quality Certificate Internal Audit Responsibility, Medical Faculty Farabi Coordinating, Foreign Students Academic Consultancy, Sleeping Clinic Chest Diseases Responsibility, Trakya University Education Commission Medical Faculty Academic Membership.
As Trakya University Rector, he carries on tasks like Permanent Management Board Membership and Consistent General Secretary of Balkan Universities Union that has nearly 90 members from Balkan universities.
Erhan Tabakoglu is also performing Management board membership task of Trakya Universities Union which is the most active University Union of Turkey and consists of members Trakya University, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Kırklareli University and Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University.He was head of the board between 2018 and 2020.
Leading to determined important projects for Trakya University in many fields like Academic and Scientific Publishing, Museum Studies, Social Responsibility Projects, Public, University, Industry Cooperations, Integration with City and Region, Teknopark, Tabakoglu increased number of museums to 5 together with“ Sultan 2nd Bayezid Complex Trakya University Kitchen Museum”. One of them “Nature History Museum” is the first one in the region. Sultan 2nd Bayezid Complex and Health
Museum has been rewarded as “museum of the year” by International University Museums Union Platform in 2021.
The revitalisation of international relations by Trakya University after the COVID pandemy is most important to rector Erhan Tabakoglu.
Erhan Tabakoglu is married and has two sons, he is interested in professional photography, plus diving, trekking and aikido sports.
External links
Scientific publications Erhan Tabakoglu
Candidate in the election to rector Erhan Tabakoglu
References
1967 births
Living people
Academic staff of Trakya University
Rectors of universities and colleges in Turkey |
```c
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#define NAME "erfc"
#define ITERATIONS 1000000
#define REPEATS 3
/**
* Define prototypes for external functions.
*/
extern double erfc( double x );
/**
* Prints the TAP version.
*/
static void print_version( void ) {
printf( "TAP version 13\n" );
}
/**
* Prints the TAP summary.
*
* @param total total number of tests
* @param passing total number of passing tests
*/
static void print_summary( int total, int passing ) {
printf( "#\n" );
printf( "1..%d\n", total ); // TAP plan
printf( "# total %d\n", total );
printf( "# pass %d\n", passing );
printf( "#\n" );
printf( "# ok\n" );
}
/**
* Prints benchmarks results.
*
* @param elapsed elapsed time in seconds
*/
static void print_results( double elapsed ) {
double rate = (double)ITERATIONS / elapsed;
printf( " ---\n" );
printf( " iterations: %d\n", ITERATIONS );
printf( " elapsed: %0.9f\n", elapsed );
printf( " rate: %0.9f\n", rate );
printf( " ...\n" );
}
/**
* Returns a clock time.
*
* @return clock time
*/
static double tic( void ) {
struct timeval now;
gettimeofday( &now, NULL );
return (double)now.tv_sec + (double)now.tv_usec/1.0e6;
}
/**
* Generates a random number on the interval [0,1).
*
* @return random number
*/
static double rand_double( void ) {
int r = rand();
return (double)r / ( (double)RAND_MAX + 1.0 );
}
/**
* Runs a benchmark.
*
* @return elapsed time in seconds
*/
static double benchmark( void ) {
double elapsed;
double x;
double y;
double t;
int i;
t = tic();
for ( i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++ ) {
x = ( 2.0*rand_double() ) - 1.0;
y = erfc( x );
if ( y != y ) {
printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
break;
}
}
elapsed = tic() - t;
if ( y != y ) {
printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
}
return elapsed;
}
/**
* Main execution sequence.
*/
int main( void ) {
double elapsed;
int i;
// Use the current time to seed the random number generator:
srand( time( NULL ) );
print_version();
for ( i = 0; i < REPEATS; i++ ) {
printf( "# c::cephes::%s\n", NAME );
elapsed = benchmark();
print_results( elapsed );
printf( "ok %d benchmark finished\n", i+1 );
}
print_summary( REPEATS, REPEATS );
}
``` |
Transshipment problems form a subgroup of transportation problems, where transshipment is allowed. In transshipment, transportation may or must go through intermediate nodes, possibly changing modes of transport.
The Transshipment problem has its origins in medieval times when trading started to become a mass phenomenon. Obtaining the minimum-cost route had been the main priority. However, technological development slowly gave priority to minimum-duration transportation problems.
Overview
Transshipment or Transhipment is the shipment of goods or containers to an intermediate destination, and then from there to yet another destination. One possible reason is to change the means of transport during the journey (for example from ship transport to road transport), known as transloading. Another reason is to combine small shipments into a large shipment (consolidation), dividing the large shipment at the other end (deconsolidation). Transshipment usually takes place in transport hubs. Much international transshipment also takes place in designated customs areas, thus avoiding the need for customs checks or duties, otherwise a major hindrance for efficient transport.
Formulation of the problem
A few initial assumptions are required in order to formulate the transshipment problem completely:
The system consists of m origins and n destinations, with the following indexing respectively: ,
One uniform good exists which needs to be shipped
The required amount of good at the destinations equals the produced quantity available at the origins
Transportation simultaneously starts at the origins and is possible from any node to any other (also to an origin and from a destination)
Transportation costs are independent of the shipped amount
The transshipment problem is a unique Linear Programming Problem (LLP) in that it considers the assumption that all sources and sinks can both receive and distribute shipments at the same time (function in both directions)
Notations
: time of transportation from node r to node s
: goods available at node i
: demand for the good at node (m+j)
: actual amount transported from node r to node s
Mathematical formulation of the problem
The goal is to minimize subject to:
; ,
;
;
Solution
Since in most cases an explicit expression for the objective function does not exist, an alternative method is suggested by Rajeev and Satya. The method uses two consecutive phases to reveal the minimal durational route from the origins to the destinations. The first phase is willing to solve time-minimizing problem, in each case using the remained intermediate nodes as transshipment points. This also leads to the minimal-durational transportation between all sources and destinations. During the second phase a standard time-minimizing problem needs to be solved. The solution of the time-minimizing transshipment problem is the joint solution outcome of these two phases.
Phase 1
Since costs are independent from the shipped amount, in each individual problem one can normalize the shipped quantity to 1. The problem now is simplified to an assignment problem from i to m+j. Let be 1 if the edge between nodes r and s is used during the optimization, and 0 otherwise. Now the goal is to determine all which minimize the objective function:
,
such that
.
Corollary
and need to be excluded from the model; on the other hand, without the constraint the optimal path would consist only of -type loops which obviously can not be a feasible solution.
Instead of , can be written, where M is an arbitrarily large positive number. With that modification the formulation above is reduced to the form of a standard assignment problem, possible to solve with the Hungarian method.
Phase 2
During the second phase, a time minimization problem is solved with m origins and n destinations without transshipment. This phase differs in two main aspects from the original setup:
Transportation is only possible from an origin to a destination
Transportation time from i to m+j is the sum of durations coming from the optimal route calculated in Phase 1. Worthy to be denoted by in order to separate it from the times introduced during the first stage.
In mathematical form
The goal is to find which minimize
,
such that
This problem is easy to be solved with the method developed by Prakash. The set needs to be partitioned into subgroups , where each contain the -s with the same value. The sequence is organized as contains the largest valued 's the second largest and so on. Furthermore, positive priority factors are assigned to the subgroups , with the following rule:
for all . With this notation the goal is to find all which minimize the goal function
such that
Extension
Some authors such as Das et al (1999) and Malakooti (2013) have considered multi-objective Transshipment problem.
References
R.J Aguilar, Systems Analysis and Design. Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1973) pp. 209–220
H. L. Bhatia, K. Swarup, M. C. Puri, Indian J. pure appl. Math. 8 (1977) 920-929
R. S. Gartinkel, M. R. Rao, Nav. Res. Log. Quart. 18 (1971) 465-472
G. Hadley, Linear Programming, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, (1962) pp. 368–373
P. L. Hammer, Nav. Res. Log. Quart. 16 (1969) 345-357
P. L. Hammer, Nav. Res. Log. Quart. 18 (1971) 487-490
A.J.Hughes, D.E.Grawog, Linear Programming: An Emphasis On Decision Making, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, pp. 300–312
H.W.Kuhn, Nav. Res. Log. Quart. 2 (1955) 83-97
A.Orden, Management Sci, 2 (1956) 276-285
S.Parkash, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) 91 (1982) 53-57
C.S. Ramakrishnan, OPSEARCH 14 (1977) 207-209
C.R.Seshan, V.G.Tikekar, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) 89 (1980) 101-102
J.K.Sharma, K.Swarup, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) 86 (1977) 513-518
W.Szwarc, Nav. Res. Log. Quart. 18 (1971) 473-485
Malakooti, B. (2013). Operations and Production Systems with Multiple Objectives. John Wiley & Sons.
Das, S. K., A. Goswami, and S. S. Alam. “Multiobjective Transportation Problem with Interval Cost, Source and Destination Parameters.” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 117, No. 1, 1999, pp. 100–112
Transport economics
Transportation planning
Freight transport
Mathematical optimization in business |
San Pedro Molinos is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of km².
It is part of the Tlaxiaco District in the south of the Mixteca Region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of .
References
Municipalities of Oaxaca |
Kavunluk is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oğuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 107 (2022). The village is inhabited by Turkmens of the Barak tribe.
References
Neighbourhoods in Oğuzeli District
Turkoman settlements in Gaziantep Province |
William O'Neill (1929 – 2 January 2015) was an Irish Gaelic footballer and hurler who played in various positions for both the Cork and Galway senior teams.
A dual player at the highest level, he joined the Cork panel in 1951 but later lined out with Galway until his retirement in 1958. He won one All-Ireland football medal, three Connacht football medals and one National Football League medal.
At club level O'Neill played with Carrigtwohill in Cork and an Chéad Cath in Galway.
References
1929 births
2015 deaths
Dual players
Carrigtwohill hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Galway inter-county hurlers
An Chéad Cath Gaelic footballers
Galway inter-county Gaelic footballers
Connacht inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Irish Army officers |
Alina Ivanova (, born August 3, 1995) is a Belarusian female acrobatic gymnast. With partners Iryna Maiseyenka and Yuliya Ardziakova, Ivanova competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
Belarusian acrobatic gymnasts
Female acrobatic gymnasts
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Belarusian women |
Heather Corinna (born April 18, 1970) is an author, activist, and Internet publisher with a focus on progressive, affirming sexuality. Corinna is a self-described "queer, rabblerousing, polymath." Corinna is non-binary and has advocated for accepting the diverse forms of a sexual experience and avoiding "expertitis".
Biography
Corinna was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Chicago and Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Corinna suffered sexual assault at age 12, and was homeless by age 16. Corinna has written about the role that sexual assault and other violence experienced as a youth have played in motivating their later art and activism.
Corinna is a 1986 graduate of the Chicago Academy for the Arts, studying music, creative writing, and art. Corinna also attended Shimer College, then located in Waukegan, majoring in Humanities.
Later, Corinna worked for several years as an early childhood educator. After working in education with developmentally disabled adults and in a Montessori elementary classroom, Corinna founded an alternative kindergarten/pre-kindergarten in Chicago, running it from 1992 to 1996. and continuing to work as a kindergarten teacher until quitting to work on Scarleteen (see below) full-time.
In the late 1990s, Corinna founded Scarlet Letters, an adult erotica online magazine targeted at women. Shortly after being created, the site was removed by web hosting provider Verio, forcing a need to find alternate hosting.
Since the main content of the site was meant to be off-limits to teenagers, Corinna posted five pages of basic sexual education content for teenagers to read. Upon being deluged with requests for further information, Corinna established Scarleteen in 1998. The side of the website targeted at girls was originally known as "Pink Slip". In 1999, a section targeted at boys, initially known as "The Boyfriend", was added.
Both Scarlet Letters and Scarleteen faced difficulty obtaining traffic and financial support in their early years. In the 1990s, Scarleteen was often excluded by mainstream directories as too sexual, while pornographic sites also refused to provide a link to it for their under-18 visitors. The site subsequently came to survive largely on donations, some of which came from past users with children of their own.
In 2015, Corinna received the Sexual Health Champion award from Vancouver-based Options for Sexual Health.
Work
Art
Founded in 1998 by Corinna and co-editor Hanne Blank, Scarlet Letters was one of the earliest adult erotica online magazines and was the first woman-owned, woman-run, and women-centered sexuality website. It initially featured erotic fiction, poetry, photography, and visual art and has since expanded to include non-erotic content that promotes progressive sexuality. The website is currently on hiatus.
Corinna's personal website, Femmerotic, contains samples of photography, writing, and journal entries.
Corinna's work has also appeared in The Guardian, Issues Magazine, PIF Magazine, Maxi Magazine, CleanSheets, LeisureSuit.Net, Other Rooms, Cherrybomb, Sexilicious, Blood Moon, BAACHOR Magazine (in which their essay "The Door Into One Moment, Eternal" was nominated for a Pushcart Prize) and Batteries Not Included. Their fiction and creative nonfiction have also appeared in the anthologies Yes Means Yes: Visions of Female Sexual Power and A World Without Rape, Viscera, The Adventures of Food, Aqua Erotica, Zaftig: Well-Rounded Erotica, The Mammoth Book of Best New Erotica 1 & 2, Shameless: An Intimate Erotica, and Penthouse and will appear in the forthcoming anthologies Breakthrough Bleeding: Essays on the Thing Women Spend a Quarter of Their Time Doing, but No One’s Supposed To Talk About and What We Think: Gender Roles, Women's Issues and Feminism in the 21st Century.
Corinna's photography and visual art have been shown at/in 555 Gallery, Sex Worker Visions (New York), Babes in Toyland, Jane's Guide, Michelle 7, On Our Backs, the Bryant-Lake Bowl, Trixx (to benefit the LGBT+ youth center, District 202), The Independent, The Mammoth Book of Erotic Women, SEAF 2004, and other venues.
Sexual education
Corinna founded Scarleteen, an "independent, grassroots sexuality education and support organization and website," in 1998. The website is staffed by Corinna and a group of volunteers. s of 2007, the website received 10,000-30,000 visitors per day.
Corinna's book, S.E.X.: The All-You-Need-To-Know Progressive Sexuality Guide To Get You Through High School and College, was published by Da Capo Press in 2007. The book has been reviewed by Curve , Minnesota Women's Press , and others.
References
External links
Heather Corinna website
Scarleteen Website
All Girl Army
"Sexual Healing," City on a Hill Press, 20 November 2008
"Sex ed for teens leaves LGBTQ out of the discussion," Medil Reports, March 2009
"Feministing Five: Heather Corinna," profile and interview, Feministing.com, February 27, 2010
1970 births
Living people
Writers from Chicago
American bloggers
American sex educators
Queer women
American bisexual writers
Shimer College alumni
Educators from Illinois
21st-century American women educators
21st-century American educators |
Santervás de Campos is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. , the municipality has a population of 137 inhabitants and is known as the birthplace of Juan Ponce de León.
Puerto Rico Governor Luis Fortuño, during a trade mission to Spain, presided over a ceremony there on January 21, 2011, commemorating the Quincentennial of the Governorship of Ponce de León, the United States territory's first Governor and discoverer of Florida and the continental United States, in which a statue of that municipality's famous explorer was unveiled.
Demographics
Notable natives and residents
Juan Ponce de León, Spanish explorer, one of the first explorers of Florida, and conqueror & first governor of Puerto Rico.
Francisco de Villagra (1511 - 1563): conquistador and three-time governor of Chile.
Bartolomé Santos de Risoba (1582 - 1657): Bishop of Almería, León y Sigüenza.
See also
Cuisine of the province of Valladolid
References
Municipalities in the Province of Valladolid |
Dennis Gardeck (born August 9, 1994) is an American football linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at West Virginia State and Sioux Falls, where he was a nominee for the Harlon Hill Trophy and was a finalist for the Cliff Harris Award. He was signed by the Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2018. Gardeck attended Crystal Lake South High School in Crystal Lake, Illinois.
Professional career
Gardeck signed with the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent on April 30, 2018. He made the Cardinals roster as an undrafted rookie, playing in all 16 games primarily on special teams.
In Week 14 of the 2019 season against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Gardeck recovered a fumble forced by teammate Darrell Daniels on punter Jordan Berry during a fake punt attempt in the 23–17 loss. For his play in 2019, he was named a Pro Bowl Alternate as a Special Teamer.
In Week 5 against the New York Jets in 2020, Gardeck recorded his first two career sacks on Joe Flacco during the 30–10 win. In Week 14 against the New York Giants, Gardeck recorded two sacks on Daniel Jones during the 26–7 victory. In Week 15 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Gardeck recorded two sacks on Jalen Hurts during the 33–26 win. On December 25, 2020, Gardeck was placed on injured reserve. He finished the season second on the team with seven sacks.
The Cardinals placed a restricted free agent tender on Gardeck on March 15, 2021. He signed the one-year contract on April 15. He was placed on injured reserve on September 11, 2021. He was activated on October 2, 2021.
On March 14, 2022, Gardeck signed a three-year contract extension with the Cardinals.
Personal life
Gardeck's brother, Ian, is a former professional baseball player.
References
External links
Sioux Falls Cougars bio
1994 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Arizona Cardinals players
Sportspeople from McHenry County, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois
Sioux Falls Cougars football players |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "path_to_url">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>Struct template impl</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1">
<link rel="home" href="../../../index.html" title="The Boost C++ Libraries BoostBook Documentation Subset">
<link rel="up" href="../or_.html#id-1.3.33.5.34.7.4" title="Description">
<link rel="prev" href="../or_.html" title="Struct template or_">
<link rel="next" href="../and_.html" title="Struct template and_">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../boost.png"></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">People</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">FAQ</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="../or_.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../or_.html#id-1.3.33.5.34.7.4"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="../and_.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="refentry">
<a name="boost.proto.or_.impl"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2><span class="refentrytitle">Struct template impl</span></h2>
<p>boost::proto::or_::impl</p>
</div>
<h2 xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv-title">Synopsis</h2>
<div xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv"><pre class="synopsis"><span class="comment">// In header: <<a class="link" href="../../../proto/reference.html#header.boost.proto.matches_hpp" title="Header <boost/proto/matches.hpp>">boost/proto/matches.hpp</a>>
</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <a class="link" href="../../../Expr.html" title="Concept Expr">Expr</a><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> State<span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> Data<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a class="link" href="impl.html" title="Struct template impl">impl</a> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword"></span> <a class="link" href="../transform_impl.html" title="Struct template transform_impl">proto::transform_impl</a>< Expr, State, Data > <span class="special">{</span>
<span class="comment">// types</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><span class="identifier">unspecified</span></code></em> <a name="boost.proto.or_.impl.result_type"></a><span class="identifier">result_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="impl.html#id-1_3_33_5_32_2_1_4_5_4-bb">public member functions</a></span>
<span class="identifier">result_type</span> <a class="link" href="impl.html#id-1_3_33_5_32_2_1_4_5_4_1-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">expr_param</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">state_param</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">data_param</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span><span class="special">;</span></pre></div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="id-1.3.33.5.34.7.4.5.4"></a><h2>Description</h2>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="id-1.3.33.5.34.7.4.5.4.2"></a><h3>
<a name="id-1_3_33_5_32_2_1_4_5_4-bb"></a><code class="computeroutput">impl</code> public member functions</h3>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="identifier">result_type</span> <a name="id-1_3_33_5_32_2_1_4_5_4_1-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">expr_param</span> expr<span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">state_param</span> state<span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">data_param</span> data<span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" valign="top">
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">Parameters:</span></p></td>
<td><div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" valign="top">
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput">data</code></span></p></td>
<td><p>A data of arbitrary type </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput">expr</code></span></p></td>
<td><p>An expression </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput">state</code></span></p></td>
<td><p>The current state </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">Returns:</span></p></td>
<td><p>
<code class="computeroutput">
G<sub>x</sub>()(expr, state, data)
</code>, where
<code class="computeroutput">x</code> is the lowest number such that
<code class="computeroutput">
<a class="link" href="../matches.html" title="Struct template matches">proto::matches</a><Expr, G<sub>x</sub>>::value
</code>
is <code class="computeroutput">true</code>.
</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</li></ol></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="path_to_url" target="_top">path_to_url
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="../or_.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../or_.html#id-1.3.33.5.34.7.4"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="../and_.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
``` |
Ten Pin Alley 2 is a ten-pin bowling simulation video game by American studio Pronto Games, published by XS Games and released on the Game Boy Advance platform and later for the Wii. It is the sequel to the game Ten Pin Alley, but was not developed or published by the same company.
Gameplay
The game functions similarly to its predecessor Ten Pin Alley, but offers players a stripped down and simplified version of the original, making the game less about the physics of ten-pin bowling and more about an enjoyable arcade game.
Ten Pin Alley 2 has two gameplay modes, a practice mode and a tournament mode. The game contains eight of its characteristically humorous bowlers, and four alleys.
The player controls position, power, placement and hook.
Critical response
Response to the game was poor. As of 2020, the Wii version holds a 30% Metacritic rating reflecting "generally unfavorable reviews."
Worthplaying questioned the necessity of a release on the Wii platform, and were particularly scathing in regards to the game's sound. Review site Game Chronicles criticised the game's graphical capabilities and rendering, calling it "outdated".
External links
Ten Pin Alley 2 at IGN
References
2004 video games
Bowling video games
Game Boy Advance games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United States
Wii games
XS Games games
Single-player video games
Other Ocean Interactive games
Pronto Games games |
```go
package git
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"path/filepath"
)
// Status represents the current status of a Worktree.
// The key of the map is the path of the file.
type Status map[string]*FileStatus
// File returns the FileStatus for a given path, if the FileStatus doesn't
// exists a new FileStatus is added to the map using the path as key.
func (s Status) File(path string) *FileStatus {
if _, ok := (s)[path]; !ok {
s[path] = &FileStatus{Worktree: Untracked, Staging: Untracked}
}
return s[path]
}
// IsUntracked checks if file for given path is 'Untracked'
func (s Status) IsUntracked(path string) bool {
stat, ok := (s)[filepath.ToSlash(path)]
return ok && stat.Worktree == Untracked
}
// IsClean returns true if all the files aren't in Unmodified status.
func (s Status) IsClean() bool {
for _, status := range s {
if status.Worktree != Unmodified || status.Staging != Unmodified {
return false
}
}
return true
}
func (s Status) String() string {
buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
for path, status := range s {
if status.Staging == Unmodified && status.Worktree == Unmodified {
continue
}
if status.Staging == Renamed {
path = fmt.Sprintf("%s -> %s", path, status.Extra)
}
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%c%c %s\n", status.Staging, status.Worktree, path)
}
return buf.String()
}
// FileStatus contains the status of a file in the worktree
type FileStatus struct {
// Staging is the status of a file in the staging area
Staging StatusCode
// Worktree is the status of a file in the worktree
Worktree StatusCode
// Extra contains extra information, such as the previous name in a rename
Extra string
}
// StatusCode status code of a file in the Worktree
type StatusCode byte
const (
Unmodified StatusCode = ' '
Untracked StatusCode = '?'
Modified StatusCode = 'M'
Added StatusCode = 'A'
Deleted StatusCode = 'D'
Renamed StatusCode = 'R'
Copied StatusCode = 'C'
UpdatedButUnmerged StatusCode = 'U'
)
``` |
Gitte Andersen may refer to:
Gitte Andersen (footballer) (born 1977), Danish football defender
Gitte Andersen (handballer) (born 1989), Danish handball player |
The European Education and Culture Executive Agency (formerly the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency), or EACEA, is an executive agency of the European Commission located in Brussels, Belgium. It manages parts of the European Commission's funding programmes in education, culture, media, sport, youth, citizenship and humanitarian aid. EACEA has been operational since January 2006.
Organisation
EACEA is supervised by six Directorates-General of the European Commission:
Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (DG EAC)
Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CNECT)
Justice and Consumers (DG JUST)
International Partnerships (DG INTPA)
Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR)
Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion (DG EMPL)
Under the EU long-term budget for 2021–2027, EACEA manages parts of the following funding programmes:
Erasmus+
Creative Europe
European Solidarity Corps
Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values (CERV)
Intra-Africa Academic Mobility Scheme
Additionally, EACEA supervises the Eurydice network (producing analysis and comparable data on education systems and policies in Europe) and the Youth Wiki (an online encyclopedia of national youth policies across Europe). EACEA also continues to manage projects funded during the 2014–2020 programming period. As of 1 February 2023, the acting director of EACEA is Sophie Beernaerts.
References
External links
European Commission, official website
EACEA website
About EACEA
How to get a grant
Scholarships
Programming period 2021-2027
Programming period 2014-2020
Agencies of the European Union
2006 in the European Union
2021 in the European Union
Education in Europe
European Union youth policy
Government agencies established in 2006
Information technology organizations based in Europe
2006 establishments in Belgium
Organisations based in Brussels |
Sacred Hill () is a disappeared hill in Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is where a historical boulder called Sung Wong Toi was previously located. Sacred Hill is also known as Hill of the King of Sung in some old maps. The name "Sacred Hill" is widely believed to be a name given by foreigners as no earlier corresponding Chinese name is known.
It is believed that Emperor Duanzong of the Southern Song Dynasty had settled on the hill for a period of time when he was escaping from Yuan troops. The hill was partly flattened during the Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong, when the Japanese determined to expand the nearby Kai Tak Airport at the expense of the sacred hill. The rest of the hill was levelled during the 1950s for further airport expansion. The remaining part of the Sung Wong Toi relic was moved to the Sung Wong Toi Garden, immediately west of the former Sacred Hill.
During work on the Kai Tak Development, many relics from the Song and Yuan periods have been found in the environs of Sacred Hill.
References
Further reading
External links
Gwulo entry
Mountains, peaks and hills of Hong Kong
Kowloon City District
Ma Tau Chung |
Luciano de Souza, sometimes known simply as Luciano (, born 21 August 1972 in Volta Redonda), is a Brazilian-Greek former professional footballer and current football manager. His main strengths were his technique and free kick ability, along with long distance shots.
After beginning in Brazil with Santos FC, de Souza spent his entire playing career in Greece (save for two seasons in neighbours Cyprus), at one point playing for Olympiacos FC from 1998 to 2001, where he won three Greek League titles and one Greek Cup.
He also represented Skoda Xanthi, Kastoria FC, PAOK FC, AEL Limassol, Panionios FC, Atromitos F.C., PAS Giannina F.C., Panachaiki and Kalloni, where he ended his career in order to be their head coach.
Honours
Olympiacos
Greek Super League: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01
Greek Football Cup: 1998–99
References
External links
Official Website
1972 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Greek people of Brazilian descent
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Santos FC players
AEL Limassol players
Olympiacos F.C. players
Panionios F.C. players
Atromitos F.C. players
PAS Giannina F.C. players
Kastoria 1980 F.C. players
Xanthi F.C. players
Panachaiki F.C. players
Cypriot First Division players
Super League Greece players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Naturalized citizens of Greece
Brazilian football managers
AEL Kalloni F.C. managers
Egaleo F.C. managers
A.O. Glyfada F.C. managers
Niki Volos F.C. managers
Panargiakos F.C. managers
Ilisiakos F.C. managers
Xanthi F.C. non-playing staff
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Volta Redonda |
Kaarst (; ) is a town in Germany. It lies in the district of Rhein-Kreis Neuss in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is 5 km west of Neuss and 12 km east of Mönchengladbach.
Division of the town
Kaarst consists of 5 subdivisions
Kaarst (23,495 inhabitants)
Büttgen (6,415 inhabitants)
Driesch (645 inhabitants)
Holzbüttgen (5,967 inhabitants)
Vorst (5,671 inhabitants)
History
Before 100 BC Celts lived in the area. Later the Franks came into this area as graves from the 7th century prove. The first written document is the Life of the first bishop of Münster. It describes how bishop Ludger walked from Budica, now Büttgen, through the forest of Hamrithi. The earliest known written mention of Kaarst refers to it as 'Karlesforst' and dates back to 1218. Karl was a very common name for frankish nobles including king Charlemagne ('Karl der Große'), but a link between Charlemagne and Kaarst has not been proven.
Kaarst and Büttgen both have churches built in the 12th century. Both villages were destroyed by Charles the Bold duke of Burgundy (Karl der Kühne, 1474–1475), in the Cologne War (1585 to 1586) and in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). Jan von Werth, a celebrated general during the Thirty Years' War, was born near Büttgen in 1591.
During the Thirty Years' War, Kaarst was attacked several times by hostile armies, e.g. the one of Northern-Hesse (Northern-Hesse collaborated with Sweden and France, whereas the southern part of Hesse did not). Some time in 1642, a Hessian troop entered the city murdering the local preacher and destroying the vicarage. From 1794 till 1814 Kaarst was in the area occupied by France under Napoleon I. The French redrew district boundaries in 1798 and assigned Kaarst to Kanton Neuss. A relic of Napoleon I is the Nordkanal, a canal to connect the rivers Maas and Rhine.
In 1936 Büttgen had 4,400 inhabitants and Kaarst 2,000.
In 1975 Büttgen and villages around Kaarst were formally amalgamated into Kaarst to form administrative area with 33,500 inhabitants.
Politics
In the 2015 communal elections, Dr. Ulrike Nienhaus (CDU) was elected mayor of Kaarst with 55.8 percent of the valid votes. She was the first female mayor of Kaarst. In the 2020 communal elections, Ursula Baum (FDP) was elected mayor of Kaarst. She won the runoff election in September 2020 with 59.35 percent of the valid votes against Lars Christoph (CDU).
Transport
Kaarster See station is the western terminus of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S 28. The town is also served by Kaarster Bahnhof, Kaarst Mitte/Holzbüttgen and Kaarst IKEA stations. Kaarst-Büttgen is served by the S-Bahn line S 8. Both lines connect Kaarst with the capital city Düsseldorf.
Kaarst is connected to the motorway system via the Bundesautobahn 52 and Bundesautobahn 57, which intersect here.
Twin towns – sister cities
Kaarst is twinned with:
La Madeleine, France
Perleberg, Germany
Notable people
Johann von Werth (1591–1652), General in the Thirty Years' War
Berti Vogts (born 1946), football player and manager
Sebastian Vollmer (born 1984), NFL player
Gallery
References
External links
Rhein-Kreis Neuss |
Stable stratification of fluids occurs when each layer is less dense than the one below it. Unstable stratification is when each layer is denser than the one below it.
Buoyancy forces tend to preserve stable stratification; the higher layers float on the lower ones. In unstable stratification, on the other hand, buoyancy forces cause convection. The less-dense layers rise though the denser layers above, and the denser layers sink though the less-dense layers below. Stratifications can become more or less stable if layers change density. The processes involved are important in many science and engineering fields.
Destablization and mixing
Stable stratifications can become unstable if layers change density. This can happen due to outside influences (for instance, if water evaporates from a freshwater lens, making it saltier and denser, or if a pot or layered beverage is heated from below, making the bottom layer less dense). However, it can also happen due to internal diffusion of heat (the warmer layer slowly heats the adjacent cooler one) or other physical properties. This often causes mixing at the interface, creating new diffusive layers (see photo of coffee and milk).
Sometimes, two physical properties diffuse between layers simultaneously; salt and temperature, for instance. This may form diffusive layers or even salt fingering, when the surfaces of the diffusive layers become so wavy that there are "fingers" of layers reaching up and down.
Not all mixing is driven by density changes. Other physical forces may also mix stably-stratified layers. Sea spray and whitecaps (foaming whitewater on waves) are examples of water mixed into air, and air into water, respectively. In a fierce storm the air/water boundary may grow indistinct. Some of these wind waves are Kelvin-Helmholtz waves.
Depending on the size of the velocity difference and the size of the density contrast between the layers, Kelvin-Helmholtz waves can look different. For instance, between two layers of air or two layers of water, the density difference is much smaller and the layers are miscible; see black-and-white model video.
Applications
Planetary science
Stratification is commonly seen in the planetary sciences.
Solar energy passes as visible radiation through the air, and is absorbed by the ground, to be re-emitted as heat radiation. The lower atmosphere is therefore heated from below (UV absorption in the ozone layer heats that layer from within). Outdoor air is thus usually unstably stratified and convecting, giving us wind. Temperature inversions are a weather event which happens whenever an area of the lower atmosphere becomes stably-stratified and thus stops moving.
Oceans, on the other hand, are heated from above, and are usually stably stratified. Only near the poles does the coldest and saltiest water sink. The deep ocean waters slowly warm and freshen through internal mixing (a form of double diffusion), and then rise back to the surface.
Examples:
Ocean stratification, the formation of water layers based on temperature and salinity in oceans
Lake stratification, the formation of water layers based on temperature, with mixing in the spring and fall in seasonal climates.
Atmospheric instability
Atmospheric stratification, the dividing of the upper reaches of the Earth's atmosphere into stably-stratified layers
Atmospheric circulation, caused by the unstable stratification of the atmosphere
Thermohaline circulation, circulation in the oceans despite stable stratification.
Stratified flows (such as the flow through the Straits of Gibraltar)
Engineering
In engineering applications, stable stratification or convection may or may not be desirable. In either case it may be deliberately manipulated.
Stratification can strongly affect the mixing of fluids, which is important in many manufacturing processes.
Underfloor heating deliberately creates unstable stratification of the air in a room.
Passive cooling relies on selectively encouraging and disrupting stable stratification to cool rooms.
References
Fluid dynamics |
```objective-c
/* Automatically generated by version.sh, do not manually edit! */
#ifndef AVUTIL_FFVERSION_H
#define AVUTIL_FFVERSION_H
#define FFMPEG_VERSION "git-2016-01-14-19b4974"
#endif /* AVUTIL_FFVERSION_H */
``` |
The Baure people are an ethnic group who live in the Beni Department of Bolivia. There were 3,328 of them according to the 2012 census of which 58 spoke the Baure language natively.
References
Ethnic groups in Bolivia |
Audrey Samson is a Canadian multidisciplinary artist and researcher whose work points to the materiality of data and its consequences. She is largely known for her exploration of erasure as a means of knowledge production through digital data funerals.
Samson studied Media Design at the Piet Zwart Institute, where she obtained a MFA in 2007.
Together with Sabrina Basten, she co-founded Roger10-4. Their work was featured in Arte, NRK, and Motherboard. She has been an active member of the networked performance group aether9, and the feminist tech network Genderchangers. Samson is also known by the pseudonym ideacritik, and is part of the duo FRAUD, where she collaborates with the artist Fran Gallardo.
Samson's Dust2Seed project was proposed to memorialise a deceased person by encoding their personal data as DNA that would be synthesised and grafted into the DNA of a seedling, so a tree would grow embodying the deceased person's data.
Interviews
'Digital Data Funerals' in Behind The Smart World.
'When I go' in This is not a piece of me. Interview by Lisa Matzi. (print)
'Hackin' some coils into wearables'.
References
External links
National Canadian Media (Radio Canada) in French ("Josée Brouillard : faire le deuil de notre mémoire virtuelle. Que faire avec nos souvenirs en format numérique ? L’artiste Audrey Samson embaume les clés USB et disques durs.")
National Norwegian TV (NRK)
Arte Creative (Franco-German media)
Danish newspaper
Montreal newspaper
Montreal newspaper
Motherboard (online Vice magazine)
Artist website
New media artists
Canadian digital artists
Women digital artists
Canadian multimedia artists
Living people
Transdisciplinarity
Canadian performance artists
Women performance artists
Concordia University alumni
21st-century Canadian women artists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Oliver Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Michigan:
Oliver Township, Huron County, Michigan
Oliver Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan
See also
Olive Township, Michigan (disambiguation)
Michigan township disambiguation pages |
Khan Mohammed Mustapha Khalid (popularly known as Mustapha Khalid Palash; born 11 September 1963) is a Bangladeshi architect. He is considered one of the leading contemporary architects of Bangladesh. He is also an artist, multi instrumentalist-singer and painter. He is the editor of quarterly DOT: Journal on Art & Architecture, one of the prominent architecture magazine of Bangladesh.
Early life and education
Palash was born to artist Afroz Mustapha (d. 2018). He received his bachelor of architecture from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in 1988. After graduation, he taught there until 1998 as assistant professor. He also worked as a visiting faculty of architecture at University of Asia Pacific, AIUB, North South University, BRAC University
Career
After graduating from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, he joined forces with fellow graduates, Mohammed Foyez Ulla and Shahzia Islam, to establish Vistaara Architects.
Palash is considered one of very few celebrity architects of the country. He has participated several architectural exhibitions, seminars, workshops, architecture week, consultancies nationally and globally.
For the last two decades Palash with his team and his company Vistaara Architects, had created numerous outstanding architectural masterpieces in Dhaka, capital city of Bangladesh.
Palash is a member of Institute of Architects Bangladesh, international associate member of AIA and a member of Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). He is also a member of the World Architecture Community and the Institute of Architects Bangladesh. Palash is the current elected president of Architecture Alumni Association of BUET (7th Executive Committee 2013 & 2014).
Notable architecture projects
Corporate Offices
Grameenphone Corporate Headquarters
Banglalink Head Office
Robi Head Office
Health Engineering Department (HED) Headquarters, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) Headquarters
EBL Headquarters
Mobil House
Rangs RD Square
Jamuna Bank Ltd. Headquarters
Bank Asia Headquarters
Union Bank Headquarters
Standard Bank Headquarters
Uttara Motors Limited Headquarters
Grand Delvistaa
Jamuna Gas Building
Samsonite Tower
Malls and Centres
Bashundhara City Shopping Complex
Unique Trade Centre (UTC)
SPL Western Tower
Bashundhara Fitness Center
Shahara Centre
Anabil Tower
Rangs Babylonia
BTI Landmark
Rupayan Maxus
Konik Tower
Raffas Tower
Samsonite Tower
Elegant Tower
Konka Jubilee Tower
Palmal Tower
Delvistaa Syed Villa
Hosaf Tower
Irving Rishta
Shaptak Square
RTV Studio
Skylark Tower
Hotels and Hospitals
Radisson Bay View Hotel Chittagong
Hilton Dhaka
The Westin Dhaka
Lab Aid Cardiac Care Hospital
The Olives, Dhaka
Universities and Schools
State University of Bangladesh
American International School Dhaka (AISD)
Visual art
Besides being an architect, Palash is also an ardent painter. His solo painting exhibition titled Of Conflict and Harmony was held in 2009 at Gallery of Fine Arts of Asiatic Society, Dhaka. In June 2011 he had his third solo exhibition of Doodle Art titled Of Tears and Joyat Dhaka Art Centre.
From his childhood, art has been keenly connected with Palash's umbilical cord. As the son of a painter, he grew up in an artistic ambiance. During this time, he started to detect the imaginative world and documented his vision and observation.
When Palash feels saddened and his creative endeavour flourishes, brush and colours assist him to explore his inner vision. He records his pains, happiness and experiences through his canvas, which becomes a mirror of his pensive mood as reflected in his creative process. In the exposition, this is a clear statement about his aesthetic explorations. He is not concentrated on any particular theme, but nevertheless his themes are inextricably connected to each other. His paintings, done in oil and acrylic, feature various architectural designs or shapes. They as well plunge deep into Nature. He has complete freedom to identify himself for his working styles that are apparently synchronized and technically phenomenal. He wants to proceed with a certain style that can become a personal hallmark of his works.
Awards and recognition
Shilpacharya Puroshkar (Award) for Fine Arts Architecture 2011
Berger Commendation Award for Excellence in Architecture (Grameenphone House), 2011
Institute of Architects Bangladesh (IAB) Design Award 1998
Holcim Green Built Bangladesh Award, 2010
Berger Award for Excellence in Architecture, 2007
Architect of the Year Award, instituted by JK Lakshmi Cement, India
References
Further reading
Creativity abound: Mustapha Khalid Palash, a multifaceted powerhouse
Profile:Mustapha Khalid (1963)
A Life In Versatility: Mustapha Khalid Palash is 52 today
ARCHITECTURE: A career for future
Bangladesh: Experts urge adoption of rainwater-harvesting to ease water crisis
Profile of Bashundhara City by Architect Khalid
Engrossment with architectural lines and shapes
Mustapha Khalid Palash – Accomplished Artist and Architect
External links
Official Website of the Grand Delvista: Vistaara Architects
1963 births
Living people
Bangladeshi architects
Bangladeshi painters
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology alumni |
The Wine Glass (also The Glass of Wine or Lady and Gentleman Drinking Wine, ) is a painting by Johannes Vermeer, created c. 1660, now in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. It portrays a seated woman and a standing man drinking in an interior setting. The work contains the conventions of genre painting of the Delft School developed by Pieter de Hooch in the late 1650s. It contains figures situated in a brightly lit and spacious interior, while its architectural space is highly defined. The figures are set in the middle ground, rather than positioned in the foreground.
The painting
Vermeer was about 27 when he painted The Glass of Wine, and according to the critic Walter Liedtke, "No analysis of artistic conventions can suggest the sheer beauty and extraordinary refinement of a painting like The Glass of Wine, which may be considered one of Vermeer's first fully mature works".
The concept of figures drinking around a table, and the portrayal of a woman drinking from a glass are taken directly from De Hooch's A Dutch Courtyard. However, Vermeer's work breaks away from the prototypes of De Hooch in that the interior is rendered in a far more elegant and higher-class setting than the older master's works. The clothes of the figures, the patterned tablecloth, the gilded picture frame hanging on the back wall, and the coat of arms in the stained window glass all suggest a wealthier setting.
The scene likely represents some type of courtship, but the roles being played by the two figures are not clear. The woman has just drained the glass of wine and the man seems impatient to pour her more, almost as if he is trying to get her drunk. A musical instrument, the cittern, lies on the chair with musical notebooks. But the figure of Temperance is depicted in the stained glass window, adding to the tension in the scene.
Compared to his earlier paintings, Vermeer's brushwork in The Wine Glass is subdued, while the faces and clothes of the figures are depicted with wide smooth outlines. Only in the tapestry of the tablecloth and the window glass did the artist apply finely detailed, linear brush strokes. At the time Vermeer was not the only Dutch artist attempting to develop the ideas of De Hooch; contemporary paintings from Jan Steen, Gerard Ter Borch, and Frans van Mieris the Elder also display a refined technique.
The painting shares elements with other Vermeer works. The Girl with the Wine Glass (1659–1660) portrays two men, but in common with The Wine Glass it has a woman seated at a table with a glass of wine, and the tiled floors and stained-glass windows in both are very similar. The same wine pitcher appears in an earlier Vermeer, A Girl Asleep (1657).
The Wine Glass is a transitional work, and as such, is not commonly viewed as one of Vermeer's finest. According to art critic Lawrence Gowing, comparing the work with Gabriel Metsu's The Duet, it "lacks the sociable fluency, the ingratiating inventiveness".
See also
List of paintings by Johannes Vermeer
Notes
Bibliography
Gowing, Lawrence. Vermeer. University of California Press; 1 edition 5 December 1997. .
Liedtke, Walter. "Vermeer and the Delft School". New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2001. .
Wheelock, Arthur. Vermeer. Yale University Press; 1st edition, 25 October 1995. .
External links
Sie sind jetzt hier: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
1660s paintings
Genre paintings by Johannes Vermeer
Paintings in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
Food and drink paintings
Books in art
Musical instruments in art |
"Paris" is a song by American electronic music duo the Chainsmokers, featuring uncredited vocals from American singer-songwriter and frequent collaborator Emily Warren. "Paris" was released on January 13, 2017, as the lead single from their debut album, Memories...Do Not Open, through Disruptor Records and Columbia Records. It was served to Top 40 radio on January 17, 2017, as the follow-up radio single to "Closer".
It reached the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The single became the duo's fourth number one on the Billboard Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart in its issue dated February 25, 2017, and their fifth number one on the magazine's Dance/Electronic Songs chart in its issue dated March 11, 2017.
Background
In an interview with Billboards Taylor Weatherby, Warren said about the collaboration:
She was also asked about why she wasn't credited on the song, to which she replied,
Critical reception
Nolan Feeney of Entertainment Weekly gave it a B rating, saying "The track itself makes similar alterations to the band's sound without straying too far from the formula: You'll find the familiar chilled-out keyboards of 'Closer', a guitar loop like the one in 'Don't Let Me Down', and more lyrics about nostalgia and youth and living wild and free, but there's no real drop, and the synths that kick in at the end are relatively subtle. On paper, that all sounds like a bid to showcase some stripped-down musicianship, and The Chainsmokers have certainly earned the right to do so: anyone who thinks they're just DJs who twist knobs just hasn't been paying attention. But in the end, 'Paris' feels like the demo of a song that wants to take more risks than it actually does."
Idolator's Carl Williott claimed "it's a subdued piece of EDM-pop, relying more on guitars than synths, but it's still that signature 'smokers MOR sound", and also stated "the song is about Paris, but the visual takes place on a beach with a supermodel because nothing makes sense in 2017."
Raisa Bruner of Time labeled it "a less-than-encouraging reflection on yet another tricky relationship" and went on to say "this seems to be The Chainsmokers' sweet spot: slow-burning tunes—this one is especially down-tempo—with tropical house undercurrents, a little bit of nostalgic story, and an emotionally ambiguous core."
USA Todays Patrick Ryan stated, "the low-key banger is a nostalgic ode to the City of Lights, painting a schmaltzy picture of millennial romance that's marked by cigarette drags and disheveled hotel rooms."
Chart performance
"Paris" debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 at number seven. In its second week, the song dropped to number 11 but it bounced back to the top 10 in its February 25, 2017 issue. The song peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming the duo's fourth top 10 entry. On the Canadian Hot 100 it debuted at number two behind Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You".(Emily Warren) The song is a good mood song.
Music video
A lyric video for "Paris" was released on January 12, 2017. It was edited and directed by Rory Kramer and shows an unknown man who is holding the camera filming the journey through a tropical country together with a young girl who is played by Alexis Ren.
The official music video for "Paris" was released on February 16, 2017. It features the duo (Drew Taggart and Alex Pall) walking, intercut with shots of them and American model Martha Hunt, who stars in the video, in a house that begins floating and rising up into the sky, with the duo watching from the ground. Towards the end of the show, Hunt slides out of the window of the floating house and somehow falls back down into the same house from which she fell.
Usage in media
The song is also used as a background music for the Renault Samsung SM6 commercial for the South Korean market.
Live performance
On March 5, 2017, The Chainsmokers performed "Paris" at the iHeartRadio Music Awards at The Forum in Inglewood, California, which was then followed by a performance of "Something Just Like This" featuring Chris Martin from Coldplay. The song was also performed during The Chainsmokers' appearance on Saturday Night Live as musical guest on April 8, 2017.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2017 singles
2017 songs
The Chainsmokers songs
Disruptor Records singles
Emily Warren songs
Songs about Paris
Song recordings produced by the Chainsmokers
Songs written by Andrew Taggart
Songs written by Fredrik Häggstam |
Gloomy Salad Days (死神少女; pinyin: Sǐ Shén Shào Nǚ) is a 2010 Taiwanese television series starring Aaron Yan and Serena Fang. The first episode aired on Saturday, October 9, 2010 at 9 p.m. on PTS Channel; two episodes were broadcast back-to-back every week.
Synopsis
The drama consists of 12 different stories of teenagers based on real life social cases. The main character is Du the Death Girl, guardian of the bridge called the "Nai He Qiao"; she is the Chinese equivalent of Charon, and the river under her bridge is the Chinese equivalent of the Styx.
The bridge is crumbling and its masonry is eroding, so Du sets off to repair the bridge; she seeks people who are willing to be turned into a rock in exchange for a wish. Du can only be summoned when a particular person has a rock from the bridge and is in such despair that they wish to die. However Shen Qi, who has a brain tumor, can see Du even without desiring death nor possessing a rock. After he learns that Du took Huang He away, Shen Qi tries to save people from Du and prevent her from taking their lives away.
Shen Qi slowly becomes curious about Du and tries to find out who she was in her previous life. He discovers that in Du's previous life she was a girl named Du He, whose Death Girl comic won first place in a competition. Another competitor named Gao Chao had substituted his best work for an inferior one to give Du He a better chance at winning the prize money, because she needed it more.
Not long after, Gao Chao proposes to Du He and they get married. Their marriage angers Du He's brother Du Ji, who is in love with his own sister. One night, Du Ji gets drunk and uses a wooden plank to hit Gao Chao, causing him to fall into a pool. Du He, shocked, comes out screaming for Gao Chao. Du Ji tries to calm her down and tells her the reasons for his actions. Du He reveals that she feels the same way as Du Ji does; however she does not wish to wrong Gao Chao and jumps into the pool. With the thought that her existence only brings tragedy to the world, she becomes brain dead and falls into deep coma. Gao Chao recovers but Du He does not; he flies to alone to Japan and becomes engaged to another woman.
Shen Qi, who started out pitying Du, begins to love her and Du comes to love him too. When Shen Qi's father learns that Shen Qi has a brain tumor, he immediately plans for it to be operated upon. However Shen Qi does not wish to have the tumor removed, as he knows that once removed he will never be able to see Du in this life again. Can the lovers be together though they are from two different worlds, or will they be forever separated?
Episodes
Cast
Main
Supporting and guest cast
* represents guest star
Production
Gloomy Salad Days was filmed at the National Dongshih Industrial High School at Taichung, Taiwan (國立東勢高工; pinyin: guó lì dōng shì gāo gōng). For the filming of this drama, the school's name was changed to 石雨高校 (pinyin: shí yǔ gāo xiào).
Broadcasting info
Taiwan
Broadcast period: 9 October 2010 - 11 December 2010Day: Every SaturdayTime: 2100 - 2300Channel: PTS Channel 13 (公視１３頻道)Repeats: Saturday (1300 - 1500)
Malaysia
Broadcast period: 23 November 2010 - 20 December 2010Day: Monday - FridayTime: 2230 - 2330Channel: Astro Shuang Xing Channel 324 (ＡＳＴＲＯ雙星 324頻道)Repeats: Monday - Friday (2130 - 2230); Saturday (1230 - 1630)
Ratings (PTS)
Other media
Gloomy Salad Days Original Soundtrack 《死神少女》電視原聲帶
Released on 19 November 2010 by Rock Records.
Opening Theme
Song Title: Gloomy Salad Days
Lyricist: Guo Jin Ru (郭晉汝)
Composer: ARNY, Mumu
Singer: Wan Fang (萬芳)
Ending Theme
Song Title: Du (渡)
Lyricist: Guo Jin Ru (郭晉汝)
Composer: ARNY, Mumu
Singer: Wan Fang (萬芳)
Gloomy Salad Days DVD 《死神少女》DVD
Release date: 25 December 2010
Can be pre-ordered in Taiwan.
Publications
Gloomy Salad Days Novel (死神少女 電視小說)
Author: Xia Fei (夏霏)
Release date: 11 October 2010
Publisher: Booker Publications (布克文化)
Gloomy Salad Days Manga (死神少女 漫畫)
Publisher: Tong Li Comics (東立出版社)
Gloomy Salad Days Pictorial Book (死神少女 寫真書)
Publisher: Booker Publications (布克文化)
Release date: 16 November 2010
News
27.04.2010 Director Zero Chou shares "Death Girl filming concept (In CHI).
27.04.2010 Aaron Yan and Serena Fang have a ghostly romance mid-air.
28.04.2010 Peter Ho shows support as guest star, seeing Aaron Yan, turns into an incestuous psycho.
28.04.2010 Aaron Yan's brain tumor gives him the sixth sense, Wu Chun's migraine helps out.
31.07.2010 Death Girl will air at PTS on 18 September.
02.08.2010 Aaron Yan rushing drama had not shut eye in 24 hours.
20.08.2010 Aaron injured on Gloomy Salad Days's set.(In CHI)
"Death Girl," staged a "close contact body struggle scene" with Aaron.
Aaron Yan & Serena Fang's Bed Scene Makes Director Blush.
References
External links
Gloomy Salad Days PTS Website.
Gloomy Salad Days at Fahrenheit Globa1.
Taiwanese drama television series
Public Television Service original programming |
Ogle County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States Census, it had a population of 51,788. Its county seat is Oregon, and its largest city is Rochelle. Ogle County comprises Rochelle, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rockford-Freeport-Rochelle, IL Combined Statistical Area.
History
Ogle County was formed in 1836 out of Jo Daviess and LaSalle counties, and named in honor of Captain Joseph Ogle, a veteran of the Revolutionary War who settled in Illinois in 1785. Ogle County government was organized in 1837; before that time it remained assigned to Jo Daviess County for legislative, taxation, and judicial matters. In 1839, part of Ogle County was partitioned off to form Lee County.
Ogle County was a New England settlement. The founders of Oregon and Rochelle arrived from New England; they were "Yankees", descendants of English Puritans who had settled New England in the 1600s. They were part of a wave of farmers who migrated into the Northwest Territory in the early 1800s, their trek eased by completion of the Erie Canal in 1825. They found virgin forest and wild prairie, and quickly laid out farms, constructed roads, erected government buildings and established post routes. They brought a passion for education and strong abolitionism. They were members of the Congregationalist or Episcopalian Church. Culturally Ogle County, like much of northern Illinois would maintain values similar to those of New England.
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.6%) is water.
Adjacent counties
Winnebago County - north
Boone County - northeast
Stephenson County - northwest
DeKalb County - east
Carroll County - west
Lee County - south
Whiteside County - southwest
Climate
In recent years, average temperatures in Oregon have ranged from a low of in January to a high of in July, although a record low of was recorded in January 1999 and a record high of was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from in February to in June.
Demographics
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 53,497 people, 20,856 households, and 14,711 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 22,561 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 93.2% white, 0.9% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 3.8% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.9% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 38.0% were German, 15.3% were Irish, 10.2% were English, 6.4% were American, 5.3% were Swedish, and 5.3% were Norwegian.
Of the 20,856 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.5% were non-families, and 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age was 40.7 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $55,733 and the median income for a family was $64,927. Males had a median income of $49,996 versus $32,082 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,959. About 6.6% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
By 2000, 65% of the county labor force was employed as white-collar workers with an increase of 20 points in comparison with 1990 statistics. Manufacturing remains the leading employment sector absorbing more than 21.7% of the labor force though there was a decrease from 30,4% in 1995. However it is expected that services would replace manufacturing starting 2015 as the leading activity.
Agriculture remains important in Ogle county, mainly corn and soybeans. In 2003, the Illinois Department of Agriculture ranked Ogle County 17th in the State for crop cash receipts, and 14th in the state for livestock cash receipts. As for livestock production, hogs and pigs are still leading even though productions decreased from 57,000 units in 1998 to 48,900 in 2002.
The county also got some investment packages such as a $180 million truck-to-train cargo hub in 2006. In August 2006, it was announced that a new ethanol production facility would receive a package of $5.5 million Opportunity Returns grant from the State.
Politics
Along with its neighbor Lee County, Ogle County is one of the most consistently Republican counties in the nation when it comes to presidential elections. Except for the 1912 election when the GOP was divided between Progressive nominee Theodore Roosevelt and incumbent president William Howard Taft, Ogle County has voted Republican in every Presidential election since the Republican Party first participated in 1856. No Democratic candidate has ever won the county, which favored the Whig Party before the Republican Party was formed.
Historically, Republicans have easily carried the county in statewide and national Democratic landslides. Franklin D. Roosevelt never garnered more than 39 percent of the county's vote in any of his four runs for president, and Barry Goldwater won over 60 percent here in 1964–almost identical to Lyndon Johnson's winning margin statewide. Illinois' own Barack Obama is the only Democrat to ever win at least 40 percent of the county's vote.
The county is part of Illinois's 16th congressional district. represented by Republican Darin LaHood.
Transportation
Transit
List of intercity bus stops in Illinois
Major highways
Interstate 39
Interstate 88
U.S. Highway 51
U.S. Highway 52
Illinois Route 2
Illinois Route 26
Illinois Route 38
Illinois Route 64
Illinois Route 72
Illinois Route 110
Illinois Route 251
Airports
The following public-use airports are located in the county:
Ogle County Airport (C55) - Mount Morris, Illinois
Rochelle Municipal Airport (RPJ) - Rochelle, Illinois
Recreation
Parks
Castle Rock State Park
Lowden State Park
Lowden-Miller State Forest
Sinnissippi Farms
Weld Park
White Pines State Park
Nature Preserves
Beach Cemetery Prairie Nature Preserve
Douglas E. Wade Prairie Nature Preserve
Jarrett Prairie Nature Preserve
Nachusa Grasslands
Communities
Cities
Byron
Oregon
Polo
Rochelle
Villages
Adeline
Creston
Davis Junction
Forreston
Hillcrest
Leaf River
Monroe Center
Mount Morris
Stillman Valley
Unincorporated communities
Baileyville
Brookville
Buffalo Grove
Chana
Daysville
Egan
Flagg
Flagg Center
Hazelhurst (partial)
Holcomb
Kings
Lindenwood
Paynes Point
Stratford
Woosung
Census-designated places
Grand Detour
Lost Nation
Townships
Brookville Township
Buffalo Township
Byron Township
Dement Township
Eagle Point Township
Flagg Township
Forreston Township
Grand Detour Township
Lafayette Township
Leaf River Township
Lincoln Township
Lynnville Township
Marion Township
Maryland Township
Monroe Township
Mount Morris Township
Oregon-Nashua Township
Pine Creek Township
Pine Rock Township
Rockvale Township
Scott Township
Taylor Township
White Rock Township
Woosung Township
See also
List of settlements in Ogle County, Illinois
List of townships in Ogle County, Illinois
List of cemeteries in Ogle County, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places listings in Ogle County, Illinois
Bibliography
References
External links
Official website
Ogle County History
Ogle County History
1836 establishments in Illinois
Illinois counties
Populated places established in 1836 |
```css
th {
color: #337AB7;
}
``` |
Quade Green (born May 12, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Centauros de Portuguesa of the Superliga Profesional de Baloncesto (SPB). He played college basketball for the Washington Huskies and the Kentucky Wildcats.
High school career
Green attended Saints John Neumann and Maria Goretti Catholic High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he won four consecutive Pennsylvania Class 3A state championships.
Green finished his career at Neumann-Goretti with 1,853 points, which ranks second in program history.
In 2016, Green played in the summer for the PSA Cardinals in the Nike EYBL and helped lead his team to a berth in the 2016 Nike Peach Jam.
He was named to the All-EYBL first team after averaging 14.1 points and 10.5 assists.
In January 2017, Green was selected as a McDonald's All-American.
Green won the Legends and Stars Shootout competition during the 2017 McDonald's All-American Game.
In February 2017, Green was selected to participate in the Jordan Brand Classic.
Recruiting
On November 16, 2016, Green committed to attend and play for the University of Kentucky.
College career
As a freshman, Green posted 9.3 points and 2.7 assists per game while shooting 37.6 percent from behind the arc. He started 13 of the first 14 games before missing three straight games due to injury. He moved to a bench role after returning from injury. Green scored in double figures eight times in 20 games after returning. Green returned to Kentucky for his sophomore season despite rumors of transferring.
On December 11, he announced he would be transferring from the University of Kentucky. On January 4, 2019, he was welcomed to the University of Washington basketball program. In January 2020 it was announced that Green was ruled academically ineligible for the winter quarter and could possibly return for the postseason. He averaged 11.6 points, 5.3 assists, 2.6 rebounds and 1.1 steals per game while shooting 51.4 percent from the floor and 44.7 percent from 3-point range in 15 games.
Professional career
Maine Celtics (2021)
After going undrafted in the 2021 NBA draft, Green signed on October 23, 2021, with the Maine Celtics of the NBA G League. He was waived on December 9.
Lakeland Magic (2021)
On December 21, 2021, the Lakeland Magic claimed Green from the G League available player pool and played two games for the team.
Grand Rapids Gold (2021–2022)
On December 30, 2021, Green was acquired by the Grand Rapids Gold of the NBA G League.
Oklahoma City Blue (2022)
On November 21, 2022, Green was acquired by the Oklahoma City Blue. On January 2, 2023, Green was waived.
Centauros de Portuguesa (2023–present)
On April 14, 2023, Green signed with Centauros de Portuguesa of the Venezuelan League.
National team career
Green was named to the 2017 USA Junior National Select Team that played in the 20th annual Nike Hoop Summit but was unable to play in the game due to injury.
Green won a gold medal with USA Basketball at the 2016 FIBA Americas U18 Championship. Green averaged 4.6 points, 2.6 assists, and 1.8 rebounds in five games.
Green participated in the 2016 USA Men's Junior National Team October minicamp.
Career statistics
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2017–18
| style="text-align:left;"| Kentucky
| 34 || 13 || 25.6 || .451 || .376 || .808 || 1.8 || 2.7 || .3 || .0 || 9.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2018–19
| style="text-align:left;"| Kentucky
| 9 || 0 || 17.8 || .449 || .423 || .895 || 1.3 || 2.3 || 1.0 || .0 || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2019–20
| style="text-align:left;"| Washington
| 15 || 14 || 30.4 || .514 || .447 || .837 || 2.6 || 5.3 || 1.1 || .0 || 11.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2020–21
| style="text-align:left;"| Washington
| 25 || 22 || 31.7 || .428 || .313 || .868 || 3.0 || 3.6 || 1.1 || .0 || 15.4
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
|| 83 || 49 || 27.4 || .450 || .367 || .847 || 2.2 || 3.4 || .8 || .0 || 11.4
References
External links
Washington Huskies bio
Kentucky Wildcats bio
USA Basketball bio
1998 births
Living people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Philadelphia
Grand Rapids Gold players
Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball players
Lakeland Magic players
Maine Celtics players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Oklahoma City Blue players
Point guards
Washington Huskies men's basketball players |
Jean Pierre Marie Orchampt (9 December 1923 – 21 August 2021) was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Prior to his death, he was the oldest living bishop from France, at the age of 97.
Orchampt was born in Vesoul and was ordained a priest on 29 June 1948. Orchampt was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Montpellier as well as titular bishop of Aquae in Mauretania on 14 June 1971 and consecrated on 18 September 1971. Orchampt was appointed bishop of Diocese of Angers on 5 July 1974 and remained at this post until his retirement on 20 March 2000. He died in August 2021 at the age of 97.
References
External links
Catholic-Hierarchy
Angers Diocese (French)
Montpellier Archdiocese (French)
1923 births
2021 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in France
Bishops of Angers
People from Vesoul |
P. J. Proby (born James Marcus Smith; November 6, 1938) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor.
Proby recorded the singles "Hold Me", "Somewhere", and "Maria". In 2008, EMI released the greatest hits album Best of the EMI Years 1961–1972. He still writes and records on his own independent record label, Select Records, and performs in the UK in Sixties concerts.
Early life
Proby was born James Marcus Smith on November 6, 1938 in Houston, Texas. He is a great-grandson of Old West outlaw John Wesley Hardin. His father was an affluent banker; at nine, his parents divorced and as part of the custody deal, Proby was sent to military school. He began at San Marcos Military Academy, and followed with stints in Culver Naval Academy and Western Military Academy.
Career
1960s
By the time Proby left school, he had already wanted a career "in the movies" and moved to California to become an actor and recording artist. Given the stage name Jett Powers by Hollywood agents Gabey, Lutz, Heller, and Loeb, he took acting and singing lessons and played small roles in films. Two singles, "Go, Girl, Go" and "Loud Perfume" appeared on two small independent record labels. In 1960, songwriter Sharon Sheeley persuaded him to adopt the stage name P. J. Proby, the name of a former boyfriend from high school, and secured Proby an audition for Dick Glasser of Liberty Records. It was a success, and Proby signed with the label and the music publisher Metric Music. After a number of unsuccessful singles, in 1962 Proby began writing songs and recording demos for artists such as Elvis Presley, Bobby Vee, and Johnny Burnette, who had his final UK chart success with the song "Clown Shoes", credited to Proby's real name.
Proby travelled to London after being introduced to Jack Good by Sheeley and Jackie DeShannon. He appeared on The Beatles' Around the Beatles television special in 1964. Under Good, Proby had UK top 10 hits in 1964 and 1965 including "Hold Me" (UK Number 3), "Together" (UK Number 8), "Somewhere" (UK Number 6), and "Maria" (UK Number 8); the last two songs were both lifted from the musical West Side Story. He also recorded the Lennon–McCartney composition "That Means a Lot", a song The Beatles attempted to record before giving it away.
Proby is remembered for an incident in January 1965, when his trousers split across the knees during a show in Croydon, London. As a result, Proby was banned in every major theatre in Britain, plus appearing on the BBC and ITV television channels. The incident scandalised the British press and public, causing Proby's career to lose momentum. Minor hits in 1966 were followed by flops, and in March 1968, "It's Your Day Today", gave Proby his last UK chart entry for nearly 30 years.
In 1967 Proby scored his only Billboard Hot 100 top forty hit with "Niki Hoeky". In September 1968, he recorded Three Week Hero, released in 1969. A collection of country-style ballads mixed with blues, it used the New Yardbirds, later to become Led Zeppelin, as the backing band. The album was produced by Steve Rowland.
1970s–1980s
In 1971, he appeared as Cassio in a rock musical of Shakespeare's Othello, Catch My Soul. He performed in cabaret and nightclubs, singing 1960s ballads and rhythm and blues.
In 1977, he appeared as a contestant on the UK television talent show Opportunity Knocks. He wore an eye-mask and was billed as "The Masked Singer". Signing with Good again that year, he portrayed Elvis in Elvis – The Musical but was fired for ignoring the script and talking to the audience. Later in 1977, Proby agreed to record lead vocals on some tracks by Dutch progressive rock band Focus that were released on Focus con Proby, their final album before the group disbanded in the following year.
In the 1980s, writers David Britton and Michael Butterworth attempted to revive Proby's career. The pair got the singer to record covers of various songs for their label Savoy Records, including "Tainted Love" by Gloria Jones, "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division, "Anarchy in the UK" by The Sex Pistols, "Sign o' the Times" by Prince, and "In the Air Tonight" by Phil Collins. The project failed; Britton recalled Proby "hated everything we ever did" and only wanted to sing "country stuff and ballads, the old-fashioned kitschy stuff."
In 1987, his Savoy Records single "M97002 Hardcore" credited Madonna as "Second Vocal (Special Guest)", although this was untrue.
1990s
In the early 1990s Proby released an EP, "Stage of Fools", and an album, Thanks. They were issued by J'ace Records, distributed by BMG. Granada TV featured Proby in a documentary.
In the early 1990s, Proby reappeared on stage as himself in the musical Good Rockin' Tonight, followed by playing Roy Orbison in Only The Lonely. A year later Proby returned to a new production of Elvis – The Musical, and made the album Legend. It had songwriting and production from Marc Almond, and Neal X from Sigue Sigue Sputnik. A single, "Yesterday Has Gone", a duet with Almond, reached 58 on the UK Singles Chart at the end of 1996.
In 1997, Proby toured with The Who in the United States and Europe, performing as 'The Godfather' in the road production of Quadrophenia. After Quadrophenia, Proby played the UK, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. Proby collaborated with Savoy Books, reading for a 1999 audiobook of David Britton's formerly banned novel Lord Horror.
2000s–present
In 2002, Van Morrison recorded a song for his album Down the Road entitled "Whatever Happened to P. J. Proby?".
In August 2004, Proby toured in Australia. From February until May 2006, he appeared with the 'Solid Silver Sixties Show 2006' – and went through six road managers/drivers – throughout much of the UK, ending at the London Palladium.
In November 2008, Proby celebrated his 70th birthday. EMI released a 25-track retrospective, Best of the EMI Years 1961-1972. This featured his singles, eight rarities that debuted on the CD format, and two unreleased recordings (Les Reed and Barry Mason's "Delilah"; and Jim Ford's "I'm Ahead If I Can Quit While I'm Behind"). Reed wrote "Delilah" for Proby's 1968 album Believe It Or Not, but it was omitted and became a hit for Tom Jones. Proby wrote and recorded a Christmas single entitled "The Bells of Christmas Day" with guitarist and producer, Andy Crump.
In 2010, Proby toured in 'Sixties Gold' another revival series of shows.
In 2015, he performed in a duet with Van Morrison on the album, Duets: Re-working the Catalogue, singing "Whatever Happened to P. J. Proby".
Personal life
In 1968, Proby ran into tax problems and declared himself bankrupt. Proby was once arrested in Texas for vagrancy. In 1973, Proby was jailed for the shooting of an illegally-possessed weapon after theatening his partner Claudia Martin, daughter of Dean Martin, with a gun and firing several shots.
After years of heavy drinking, Proby turned sober in 1992 after he had a heart attack while on a beach in Florida.
In 2011, Proby was charged with nine counts of benefit fraud, totalling over £47,000.
He was cleared of all charges at Worcester Crown Court in March 2012. To celebrate, Proby recorded "I'm PJ." and "We The Jury" (which Proby wrote). Proby said: "I was not dishonest when I claimed benefits, which I needed in order to live."
Proby married and divorced several times. He had a relationship with singer Billie Davis. In a March 2019 interview, he said he had married Marianne Adams when she was 16, Judy Howard when she was 17, and Dulcie Taylor when she was 21. Proby made the comments ahead of his 20-date farewell UK tour, which led to several shows being cancelled at first, followed by the whole tour. Proby disputed the accuracy of the interview in a statement to the press and to his fans.
Proby lives in Twyford, Worcestershire.
Discography
Albums
I Am P. J. Proby (1964) – UK Number 16
P. J. Proby (1965)
P. J. Proby in Town (1965)
Enigma (1966)
Phenomenon (1967)
Believe It or Not (1968)
Three Week Hero (1969)
California License (1970)
I'm Yours (1973)
The Hero (1981), re-released as Clown Shoes in 1987
Thanks (1991)
The Enigma in Gold – Volume 1
Memories (2003)
Sentimental Journeys (2003)
Wanted (2003)
Spoken word albums
P. J. Proby Reads Lord Horror (1999, spoken word album with musical accompaniment)
The Waste Land (1999, spoken word album of T. S. Eliot's poem)
Collaborative album
Focus con Proby (1978) with Dutch band Focus
Compilations
Somewhere (1977)
The Savoy Sessions (1995)
Legend (1996)
20th century Hits (2005)
Best of the EMI Years 1961-1972 (2008)
Sixties Gold 2010 (2010)
The Real California License (2011)
Greatest Hits from the Sixties (2011)
Early singles discography
Jett Powers
"Go, Girl, Go"/"Teen Age Quarrel" (March 1958)
"Loud Perfume"/"My Troubles" (September 1959)
P. J. Proby
"Try to Forget Her"/"There Stands the One" (1961)
"The Other Side of Town"/"Watch Me Walk Away" (1962)
"So Do I"/"I Can't Take It Like You Can" (1963)
Orville Woods
"Wicked Woman"/"Darlin'" (1963)
Selected singles discography
"Hold Me" (1964) – UK Number 3, Canada Number 5, Australia Number 13, Ireland Number 10
"Together" (1964) – UK Number 8, Australia Number 93
"Somewhere" (1964) – UK Number 6, Canada Number 17
"I Apologise" (1965) – UK Number 11
"Rockin' Pneumonia (1965) – Canada Number 34
"Mission Bell" (1965) – Australia Number 3
"Let The Water Run Down" (1965) – UK Number 19, Canada Number 30
"That Means a Lot" (1965) – UK Number 30
"Maria" (1965) – UK Number 8
"You've Come Back" (1966) – UK Number 25
"To Make A Big Man Cry" (1966) – UK Number 34
"I Can't Make It Alone" (1966) – UK Number 37
"Niki Hoeky" (1967) – US Number 23, Canada Number 22
"Butterfly High" (1967)
"It's Your Day Today" (1968) – UK Number 32
"The Day That Lorraine Came Down" (1968)
"Hanging From Your Loving Tree" (1969)
"Today I Killed A Man" (1969)
"It's Goodbye" (1970)
"We'll Meet Again" (1972)
"Tainted Love" (1985)
"Love Will Tear Us Apart" (1985)
"Anarchy in the UK" (1987)
"M97002 Hardcore" (1987)
"Sign 'o' the Times" (1989)
"In the Air Tonight" (1990)
"Garbageman" (1990)
"Stage of Fools" (1990) – (J'Ace Records)
"Yesterday Has Gone" (1996) – UK Number 58 (Credited to P. J. Proby and Marc Almond featuring the My Life Story Orchestra)
"Love Me Tender" (2004)
"Oh My Papa" (2004)
"The Bells of Christmas Day" (2008)
"We The Jury" / "I'm PJ." (2012)
References
External links
P. J. Proby's Official Website (includes soundclips, downloads, bookings information & press kit)
House Of Proby Official Website (includes tour dates, illustrated life story and news forum)
P. J. Proby's MySpace profile
Living people
Lamar High School (Houston, Texas) alumni
American male singers
Songwriters from Texas
Singers from Houston
Liberty Records artists
Decca Records artists
London Records artists
Select Records artists
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Focus (band) members
Obscenity controversies in music
Audiobook narrators
1938 births
American male songwriters |
```python
"""
Tutorial - Multiple methods.
This tutorial shows you how to link to other methods of your request
handler.
"""
import os.path
import cherrypy
class HelloWorld:
"""Hello world app."""
@cherrypy.expose
def index(self):
"""Produce HTTP response body of hello world app index URI."""
# Let's link to another method here.
return 'We have an <a href="show_msg">important message</a> for you!'
@cherrypy.expose
def show_msg(self):
"""Render a "Hello world!" message on ``/show_msg`` URI."""
return 'Hello world!'
tutconf = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'tutorial.conf')
if __name__ == '__main__':
# CherryPy always starts with app.root when trying to map request URIs
# to objects, so we need to mount a request handler root. A request
# to '/' will be mapped to HelloWorld().index().
cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld(), config=tutconf)
``` |
Brain Cycles is the second studio album by American psychedelic rock band Radio Moscow. Released on April 14, 2009, it was the band's first album to feature bassist Zach Anderson, who replaced Luke McDuff in 2007. Issued by Alive Naturalsound, it was recorded at Sound Farm in Jamaica, Iowa and produced by band members Parker Griggs and Anderson.
Composition and recording
In an interview with The A.V. Club, frontman Griggs explained that "The first album Radio Moscow was written all-instrumental, and the singing was just sort of [an afterthought] ... This album was written more with the vocals in mind." On the subject of self-producing the album, Griggs noted that "I wanted to use the tape again and try to get an old-school sound ... [and] this time around I just tried to give it my all and be more comfortable with that." The frontman also noted that "We recorded this [album] at Sound Farm in Jamaica, [Iowa] instead of Ohio this time. We put a lot more time into it and really focused on the mix to give it a kind of classic psychedelic feel. It's still real bluesy but we tried to make it more psychedelic than the last one."
Style and reception
In a press release for the album, Radio Moscow compared Brain Cycles to such psychedelic artists as Randy Holden (of Blue Cheer), The Groundhogs, Peter Green (of Fleetwood Mac) and the Flower Travellin' Band. Writing for music website AllMusic, critic Mark Deming proposed that "Radio Moscow's second album strongly establishes its stoner credentials even before you've given it a listen, and the music doesn't disappoint if you're hoping for a gloriously resinous musical experience." Deming compares Brain Cycles to psychedelic blues-rock of the 1960s and 1970s, suggesting similarities to the bands Cream and Blue Cheer and noting the latter's album Outsideinside as possible inspiration for the record.
Deming's AllMusic review is generally positive, although he does conclude that "Brain Cycles is undercut by songs that aren't as impressive as the band playing them; for every number like the hard boogieing "City Lights" and the frantic wail of "Just Don't Know," there's another that sounds like a tune you'd skip over to get to one of the really good cuts ... They just don't make records like Brain Cycles anymore, and while most of the album suggests that's too bad, a few cuts demonstrate why folks stopped doing this back in the day." The album has received praise for frontman Griggs's vocal work, the added cohesiveness of the rhythm section, and the more sophisticated songwriting. Many critics have also noted that Brain Cycles is an improvement on the band's debut album Radio Moscow.
Track listing
Personnel
Radio Moscow
Parker Griggs – vocals, guitar, drums, percussion, production
Zach Anderson – bass, production
Additional personnel
Justin "Blind Beard" Apple – organ on tracks 2 and 5
Matt Sepanic – recording
Doug Van Sloun – mastering
Graphic personnel
Anthony Yankovic – artwork
Patrick Boissel – artwork layout
Allison Cobb – photography
Bre Sabatino – photography
Dario Cantatore – photography
References
Radio Moscow (band) albums
2009 albums
Alive Naturalsound Records albums |
The 2020 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Illinois voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump of Florida, and his running mate, Vice President Mike Pence of Indiana, against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden of Delaware, and his running mate, Senator Kamala Harris of California. Illinois had 20 votes in the Electoral College. Prior to the 2020 election, all news organizations predicted Illinois was a state that Biden would win, or otherwise considered a safe blue state.
Biden carried the Prairie State, winning 57.54% of the vote to Trump's 40.55%, winning by roughly the same 17-point margin by which Hillary Clinton carried the state in 2016. Libertarian nominee Jo Jorgensen, a native of Grayslake, won 1.1% of the state's vote, with other minor candidates winning less than 1%. Biden's win in Illinois was largely the result of a lopsided 74.3% victory in Cook County, the state's most populous county and the home of Chicago. In fact, without Cook County, Illinois would have been carried by Trump. Per exit polls by the Associated Press, Biden's strength came from a coalition of key Democratic constituencies: he garnered 92% of votes from Blacks; 68% from Latinos, including 67% of Latinos of Mexican heritage; 53% from union households; and 50% of Whites. Biden flipped McLean County (Bloomington-Normal) and Kendall County (in the Chicago metropolitan area), both of which had voted for Barack Obama in 2008, but then for Mitt Romney in 2012 and Trump in 2016. Biden became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 to be elected president without winning formerly Democratic leaning Alexander County, solidifying its rural shift towards Republicans in elections; he also became the first to do so without carrying Fulton, Henderson, Henry, Knox, Mercer, Putnam, Warren, or Whiteside counties since Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Illinois was one of five states in the nation in which Biden's victory margin was larger than 1 million raw votes, the others being California, Maryland, Massachusetts and New York.
Primary elections
Illinois held its primary elections as scheduled, despite concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Election officials in Illinois acknowledged that they believed turnout was unusually low.
In the state-run primaries (Democratic and Republican), turnout was 28.36%, with 2,279,439 votes cast. The 28.36% turnout marked an 18.2 percentage point decrease from the turnout in the 2016 state-run presidential primaries, but a similar turnout to the 2000, 2004, and 2012 presidential primaries.
The state-run primary elections for the Democratic and Republican parties were held on March 17, 2020. The Green Party had organized its own primary on March 14, 2020.
Democratic primary
The 2020 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on March 17, 2020, as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 2020 presidential election. Major candidates included Joe Biden and Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont.
Republican primary
The 2020 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on March 17, 2020, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 2020 presidential election.
Incumbent president Donald Trump won the primary with over 96 percent of the vote. Joe Walsh, a former member of the House of Representatives from Illinois, announced the launch of his campaign in August 2019 and dropped out in February 2020. Rocky De La Fuente, a businessman from California, also challenged Trump, achieving 4% of the vote. Richard Mayers, a 2016 Green Party candidate, was a write-in candidate here.
Green
The 2020 Illinois Green Party presidential primary was held from March 14, 2020, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Green Party's state primaries ahead of the 2020 presidential election. It was run by the Green Party of Illinois.
General election
Predictions
Polling
Graphical summary
Aggregate polls
Polls
Results
The election was not close with Biden winning by a nearly 17-point margin. Biden only won 14 of the state's 102 counties; however, those 14 counties account for more than half the state's total electorate. Key to Biden's landslide victory was heavily populated Cook County, home of Chicago, which he won with over 74% of the vote. Biden also did well in the suburban (collar) counties of Chicago, winning all of them easily except for McHenry County. Biden also did well in St. Clair County, located in the St Louis metropolitan area. Biden also managed to flip two counties, Kendall County and McLean County. Biden also made history by earning the most votes ever cast in an Illinois presidential election. Biden received 3,471,915 votes. This is more than then-Senator Obama in 2008 when he received 3,419,348, but less than Senator Dick Durbin's 3,615,844 votes in the 2008 Senate race.
On December 14, Illinois's 20 electors met in the Illinois State Capitol to cast their votes for Biden and Harris formally.
By county
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
McLean (largest municipality: Bloomington)
Kendall (largest municipality: Oswego)
By congressional district
Biden won 12 of the 18 congressional districts, Trump won 6 including one that elected a Democrat.
See also
United States presidential elections in Illinois
2020 Illinois elections
Illinois Fair Tax (2020 ballot referendum)
2020 United States elections
2020 United States presidential election
2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2020 Republican Party presidential primaries
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
(state affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)
Illinois
2020
Presidential |
O Su-yong (; born 1944) is a North Korean politician. He was a Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and the director of the Economic Affairs Department of the WPK.
Biography
O Su-yong was born in 1944. In 1988, he was appointed to the Electronic Automation Industry Committee under the State Administration Council. In September 1998, he became the Vice Minister of Metals and Machine Building Industry. He was then promoted to Minister of Electronic Industry in December 1999.
In April 2009, he resigned as Minister of Electronic Industry and was appointed a Vice Premier of the cabinet. He resigned as Vice Premier in June 2010 and was appointed Chief Secretary of the North Hamgyong Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) Provincial Committee from July of the same year. He was replaced by Jon Sung-hun in 2014.
In September 2010, O was elected to the Central Committee of the WPK.
See also
Politics of North Korea
References
Living people
1944 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Government ministers of North Korea
Members of the 8th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Members of the 8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Vice Chairmen of the Workers' Party of Korea and its predecessors |
Pachi may refer to:
Pachi, Kerman (پچي - Pachī), a village in the Central District of Rigan County, Kerman Province, Iran
Pachi, Mazandaran (پاچي - Pāchī), a village in Dodangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran
Pachi, Megara, Greece (Greek: Πάχη Μεγάρων), a village in West Attica, Municipality of Megara, Greece
Pachi the Porcupine, the mascot of the 2015 Pan American Games
Danner Pachi (born 1984), Bolivian football player |
Ruppy (short for Ruby Puppy) is the world's first transgenic dog. A cloned beagle, Ruppy and four other beagles produce a fluorescent protein that glows red upon excitation with ultraviolet light. Ruppy was created in 2009 by a group of scientists in South Korea, led by Byeong-Chun Lee. The dog was cloned using viral transfection of fibroblasts cells which expresses the red fluorescent gene. The nucleus of the transfected fibroblast was then inserted into the enucleated oocyte of another dog, leading to generation of dog oocytes expressing the red fluorescent protein. These cloned embryos were then implanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother. It was hoped to use this procedure to investigate the effect of the hormone oestrogen on fertility. The ruppy puppy was then shipped to the north of Croatia where it was thoroughly examined by doctor Lisa Dajci who clarified that the puppy could in fact be classed in the dog species even though it had not been born 100 percent naturally it did still have all the characteristics of the species.
References
2009 animal births
Cloned dogs
Genetically modified organisms |
```java
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.activiti.engine.impl;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Tom Baeyens
*/
public class Direction {
private static final Map<String, Direction> directions = new HashMap<>();
public static final Direction ASCENDING = new Direction("asc");
public static final Direction DESCENDING = new Direction("desc");
private String name;
public Direction(String name) {
this.name = name;
directions.put(name, this);
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public static Direction findByName(String directionName) {
return directions.get(directionName);
}
}
``` |
"Diane" is a song co-written and recorded by American country artist Cam, and is the lead single from her third album, The Otherside. The song was written with Tyler Johnson and Jeff Bhasker, who also produced the track. "Diane" is a country pop song that inverts the perspective on Dolly Parton's country classic "Jolene".
Background and composition
"Diane" is a hard-charging, empowering country pop track in which Cam sings about an affair to an unsuspecting wife once she realizes the man she was seeing is married.
Cam noted to Rolling Stone Country that the song is her "response to Dolly Parton's 'Jolene.' It's the apology so many spouses deserve, but never get. The other woman is coming forward to break the news to the wife about an affair, respecting her enough to have that hard conversation, once she realized he was married. Because everyone should be able to decide their own path in life, based on the truth. Women especially should do this for each other, since our self-worth can still be so wrapped up in our partners. And in true country fashion, I've set the whole raw story to upbeat music, so you can dance while you process it all."
In April 2018, "Diane" was added to the BBC Radio 2 A-list.
Live performances
Cam promoted "Diane" with several live performances including on Good Morning America, The Late Late Show with James Corden, and as a duet with a contestant on the sixteenth season of American Idol. On her Good Morning America appearance, she was surprised with a pre-recorded message from Dolly Parton praising her performance.
Music video
The music video for "Diane," which was shot in Los Angeles, California and directed by Daniel Carberry, premiered on February 9, 2018. In it, Cam is shown playing the role of 'the other woman' and confronting the wife of the man who she cheated with. Scenes of her performing on stage in a nightclub are interspersed between the storyline.
Charts
References
2017 songs
2017 singles
Cam (singer) songs
Arista Nashville singles
Song recordings produced by Jeff Bhasker
Songs written by Tyler Johnson (musician)
Songs written by Cam (singer)
Answer songs |
In four-dimensional geometry, a prismatic uniform 4-polytope is a uniform 4-polytope with a nonconnected Coxeter diagram symmetry group. These figures are analogous to the set of prisms and antiprism uniform polyhedra, but add a third category called duoprisms, constructed as a product of two regular polygons.
The prismatic uniform 4-polytopes consist of two infinite families:
Polyhedral prisms: products of a line segment and a uniform polyhedron. This family is infinite because it includes prisms built on 3-dimensional prisms and antiprisms.
Duoprisms: product of two regular polygons.
Convex polyhedral prisms
The most obvious family of prismatic 4-polytopes is the polyhedral prisms, i.e. products of a polyhedron with a line segment. The cells of such a 4-polytope are two identical uniform polyhedra lying in parallel hyperplanes (the base cells) and a layer of prisms joining them (the lateral cells). This family includes prisms for the 75 nonprismatic uniform polyhedra (of which 18 are convex; one of these, the cube-prism, is listed above as the tesseract).
There are 18 convex polyhedral prisms created from 5 Platonic solids and 13 Archimedean solids as well as for the infinite families of three-dimensional prisms and antiprisms. The symmetry number of a polyhedral prism is twice that of the base polyhedron.
Tetrahedral prisms: A3 × A1
Octahedral prisms: BC3 × A1
Icosahedral prisms: H3 × A1
Duoprisms: [p] × [q]
The second is the infinite family of uniform duoprisms, products of two regular polygons.
Their Coxeter diagram is of the form
This family overlaps with the first: when one of the two "factor" polygons is a square, the product is equivalent to a hyperprism whose base is a three-dimensional prism. The symmetry number of a duoprism whose factors are a p-gon and a q-gon (a "p,q-duoprism") is 4pq if p≠q; if the factors are both p-gons, the symmetry number is 8p2. The tesseract can also be considered a 4,4-duoprism.
The elements of a p,q-duoprism (p ≥ 3, q ≥ 3) are:
Cells: p q-gonal prisms, q p-gonal prisms
Faces: pq squares, p q-gons, q p-gons
Edges: 2pq
Vertices: pq
There is no uniform analogue in four dimensions to the infinite family of three-dimensional antiprisms with the exception of the great duoantiprism.
Infinite set of p-q duoprism - - p q-gonal prisms, q p-gonal prisms:
3-3 duoprism - - 6 triangular prisms
3-4 duoprism - - 3 cubes, 4 triangular prisms
4-4 duoprism - - 8 cubes (same as tesseract)
3-5 duoprism - - 3 pentagonal prisms, 5 triangular prisms
4-5 duoprism - - 4 pentagonal prisms, 5 cubes
5-5 duoprism - - 10 pentagonal prisms
3-6 duoprism - - 3 hexagonal prisms, 6 triangular prisms
4-6 duoprism - - 4 hexagonal prisms, 6 cubes
5-6 duoprism - - 5 hexagonal prisms, 6 pentagonal prisms
6-6 duoprism - - 12 hexagonal prisms
...
Polygonal prismatic prisms
The infinite set of uniform prismatic prisms overlaps with the 4-p duoprisms: (p≥3) - - p cubes and 4 p-gonal prisms - (All are the same as 4-p duoprism)
Triangular prismatic prism - - 3 cubes and 4 triangular prisms - (same as 3-4 duoprism)
Square prismatic prism - - 4 cubes and 4 cubes - (same as 4-4 duoprism and same as tesseract)
Pentagonal prismatic prism - - 5 cubes and 4 pentagonal prisms - (same as 4-5 duoprism)
Hexagonal prismatic prism - - 6 cubes and 4 hexagonal prisms - (same as 4-6 duoprism)
Heptagonal prismatic prism - - 7 cubes and 4 heptagonal prisms - (same as 4-7 duoprism)
Octagonal prismatic prism - - 8 cubes and 4 octagonal prisms - (same as 4-8 duoprism)
...
Uniform antiprismatic prism
The infinite sets of uniform antiprismatic prisms or antiduoprisms are constructed from two parallel uniform antiprisms: (p≥3) - - 2 p-gonal antiprisms, connected by 2 p-gonal prisms and 2p triangular prisms.
A p-gonal antiprismatic prism has 4p triangle, 4p square and 4 p-gon faces. It has 10p edges, and 4p vertices.
References
Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995,
(Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10]
(Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591]
(Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
J.H. Conway and M.J.T. Guy: Four-Dimensional Archimedean Polytopes, Proceedings of the Colloquium on Convexity at Copenhagen, page 38 und 39, 1965
N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, 1966
Four-dimensional Archimedean Polytopes (German), Marco Möller, 2004 PhD dissertation
4-polytopes |
Epicentric, Inc., was an enterprise software company and a provider of enterprise portal solutions for Global 2000 companies. Made popular by custom portal sites like My Yahoo!, enterprise portals enabled businesses (primarily enterprise companies) to deliver integrated Web services to their customers (Internet), partners (Extranet) and employees (Intranet). The company was founded in 1998 by Wired.com executive Ed Anuff and TouchWave executive Oliver Muoto, both startup veterans, in San Francisco, California. The company had over 300 employees and 350 Global 2000 customers before it was acquired by Vignette (VIGN) in December 2002.
History
The company was founded by Ed Anuff and Oliver Muoto in 1998. The company received Series A funding from Outlook Ventures, New Vista Capital and Innovacom Ventures (investment arm of France Telecom).
Products
Epicentric Foundation Server
Epicentric Application Builder
Epicentric Module Marketplace
Investors
Investors included JP Morgan, Outlook Ventures, New Vista Capital, Motorola
and others.
Competitors
Competitors include Plumtree Software (now BEA Systems), IBM, and Oracle Corporation.
Acquisitions
Epicentric acquired Application Park, a web-services tools company, in 2001. In December 2002, Epicentric was acquired by Austin, TX-based Vignette Corp.
References
External links
Vignette.com - official website
Companies based in San Francisco
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
1998 establishments in California
2002 disestablishments in California
Defunct software companies of the United States |
Chionodes bicostomaculella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Vermont and Michigan to Florida and Texas.
The forewings are blackish, or very dark brown, intermixed with ochreous and grey and with a small and indistinct ochreous spot on the costa near the base, and another distinct costalis at the beginning of the cilia, and an opposite dorsal one. There are several rather undefined irregular blackish spots or patches on the wings, which appear to form three irregular transverse bands, not very
definite in outline, one of which adjoins each of the costal ochreous spots, while the other is between them.
The larvae feed on Quercus species.
References
Chionodes
Moths described in 1872
Moths of North America |
Cigales is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) for wines located to the north of Valladolid (Castile and León, Spain) along both banks of the River Pisuerga.
It includes several municipalities, including Valladolid itself, Dueñas, Cabezón de Pisuerga, Cigales, Corcos del Valle, Cubillas de Santa Marta, Fuensaldaña, Mucientes, Quintanilla de Trigueros, San Martín de Valvení, Trigueros del Valle and Valoria la Buena. The DO has an extension of 574 km² and is at an altitude of 750 m above sea level. It is a relatively recent DO, having been created in 1991.
History
The first known inhabitants of this area were the Vaccaei, who were subjugated by the ancient Romans in the 2nd century BC. As in the rest of the peninsula, the Romans introduced vines along with other agricultural innovations. The number of vineyards increased significantly during the Middle Ages due to the influence of the monasteries.
Mary of Austria, Queen of Hungary, died in Cigales in 1558, whereas her grandniece Anna, the future Queen of Spain was born there.
Climate
The Cigales DOP has a continental climate (long hot summers, cold winters) with an Atlantic maritime influence and strong temperature variations. Temperatures often fall below 0°C during the winter and there are usually frosts in spring, which represents a significant risk for the grape harvest, and can reach 40°C in summer. Rainfall is light, about 425 mm per annum, falling mostly in spring and autumn.
Soil
The soil is light brown in color and is formed by lime-bearing sand and gypsum-bearing clays, lying on a subsoil of clays and marls. Its structure is granular, weak, not very rocky and lacking in organic material.
Wines produced
Like other DOPs in the region, Cigales supplied Valladolid and other cities with wine during the Middle Ages. While Toro supplied red wine and Rueda white wine, Cigales specialised in clarets and rosés. These wines were made until recently in underground cellars, which were often shared by small wine-makers (bodegueros) and which were excavated to depths of over 10 m.
Authorized grape varieties
Red grapes: Tempranillo, Garnacha tinta, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Merlot.
White grapes: Verdejo, Albillo, and Sauvignon Blanc.
See also
Cuisine of the province of Valladolid
Spanish wine
References
External links
D.O. Cigales official website
Wine regions of Spain
Province of Valladolid |
Ban Khwao (, , ) is a district (amphoe) of Chaiyaphum province, northeastern Thailand. It is a region known for its quality Thai silk.
History
In 1806, people from Ban Khao (, ) in Nakhon Ratchasima province migrated to the area of modern-day Ban Khwao District. When their new settlement proved to be successful, they sent the 'good news' (, ) to their relatives in the old village. The new community flourished, and the people agreed to name the new village Ban Khwao (lit. 'village of good news') to commemorate its history.
The area was made a minor district on 1 January 1955, when the two subdistricts Ban Khwao and Talat Raeng were split off from Mueang Chaiyaphum District. It was upgraded to a full district on 23 July 1957.
Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Nong Bua Daeng, Mueang Chaiyaphum, Noen Sa-nga, Chatturat and Nong Bua Rawe.
Administration
The district is divided into six subdistricts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 94 villages (mubans). The township (thesaban tambon) Ban Khwao covers four villages of tambon Ban Khwao.
References
External links
amphoe.com (Thai)
Ban Khwao |
HMS Active was a built for the Royal Navy in the late 1860s. Launched in 1869, she entered service in 1873, and was the commodore's ship on the Cape of Good Hope and West Africa Station. Her crew served ashore in both the Third Anglo-Ashanti and Zulu Wars. From 1885 to 1898, the ship was the flagship of the Training Squadron. Active was sold for scrap in 1906.
Description
Active was long between perpendiculars and had a beam of . Forward the ship had a draught of , but aft she drew . Active displaced and had a burthen of 2,322 tons. Her iron hull was covered by a layer of oak that was sheathed with copper from the waterline down to prevent biofouling. Watertight transverse bulkheads subdivided the hull. Her crew consisted of 340 officers and ratings.
The ship had one 2-cylinder horizontal-return, connecting-rod steam engine made by Humphreys and Tennant driving a single propeller. Five rectangular boilers provided steam to the engine at a working pressure of . The engine produced a total of which gave Active a maximum speed of . The ship carried of coal, enough to steam at .
Active was ship rigged and had a sail area of . The lower masts were made of iron, but the remainder of the masts were wood. The ship's best speed under sail alone was . Her funnel was semi-retractable to reduce wind resistance and her propeller could be hoisted up into the stern of the ship to reduce drag while under sail.
The ship was initially armed with a mix of 7-inch and 64-pounder 64 cwt rifled muzzle-loading guns. The six guns and two of the four 64-pounders were mounted on the broadside while the other two were mounted on the forecastle and poop deck as chase guns. In 1879, ten BL 6-inch 80-pounder breech-loading guns replaced all the broadside weapons. Two carriages for torpedoes were added as well.
Service
HMS Active was laid down in 1867 and launched on 13 March 1869. The ship was completed in March 1871 at a total cost of £126,156. Of this, £85,795 was spent on her hull and £40,361 on her machinery. Unlike her sister ship , Active was placed in reserve after completion until 1873 when she was commissioned to serve as the flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope and West Coast of Africa Station, Commodore William Hewett. The ship participated in naval operations during the Third Anglo-Ashanti War of 1874 and some of her crew were landed to reinforce the forces ashore. Commodore Francis Sullivan replaced Hewett in 1876 and he retained command until 1879 when the ship returned home to refit.
Zulu War
Between 19 November 1878 and 21 July 1879, during the Anglo-Zulu War, 173 men of Active (along with men from , and ) served ashore as part of an 858-man naval brigade. The group from Active comprised 10 officers, 100 seamen, 5 idlers, 42 Marines, 14 Kroomen, and 2 medical attendants. In addition to small arms, they were equipped with two 12-pounder breech-loading guns, 24-pounder rockets, and a Gatling gun. The 12-pounders were exchanged for two of the Army's 7-pounder mountain guns before entering Zululand.
Attached to the No.1 Column commanded by Colonel Charles Pearson, they crossed the Tugela River from Natal into Zululand on 12 January 1879. On 22 January they saw action in the Battle of Inyezane, driving off an attacking force of Zulus with rockets, Martini-Henry rifles and the Gatling gun. The same day the British main force was defeated at the Battle of Isandlwana, and so Pearson's column advanced to Eshowe, where it was besieged for two months, until relieved on 3 April. In February, Active ran aground in Tugela Bay whilst assisting , which had also ran aground. They were refloated 36 hours later. During the campaign, Actives crew suffered only one man killed, and nine wounded in action against the enemy, while nine died of disease during the siege, and one man drowned while crossing the Tugela. In 1881 the South Africa Medal was awarded to those members of Actives crew that had served there.
Training Squadron
Active was rearmed and refitted in 1879 and placed in reserve until she was selected in 1885 to be the commodore's flagship in the newly formed Training Squadron. Active was the last square-rigged naval ship to leave Portsmouth Harbour under sail. She was paid off in 1898 and was sold for scrap on 10 July 1906.
A memorial to the men of Active who lost their lives during the African campaigns can be found in Victoria Park, Portsmouth.
Notes
Footnotes
Bibliography
1869 ships
Ships built in Leamouth
Corvettes of the Royal Navy
Victorian-era corvettes of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in February 1879 |
NA-174 Rahim Yar Khan-VI () is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan.
Election 2002
General elections were held on 10 Oct 2002. Jahangir Khan Tareen of PML-Q won by 38,964 votes.
Election 2008
General elections were held on 18 February 2008. Jahangir Khan Tareen of PML(F) won by 84,577 votes.
By-election 2012
A by-election was held on 25 February 2012 due to the resignation of Jahangir Tareen, the previous MNA from this seat. Syed Mustafa Mehmood of the PML(F) won with 81,745 votes.
Election 2013
General elections were held on 11 May 2013. Makhdoom Syed Mustafa Mehmood of PPP won by 97,778 votes and became the member of National Assembly.
Election 2018
General elections are scheduled to be held on 25 July 2018.
See also
NA-173 Rahim Yar Khan-V
NA-175 Kot Addu
References
External links
Election result's official website
NA-154 |
```java
/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package com.itextpdf.kernel.events;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfDocument;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfPage;
/**
* Event dispatched by PdfDocument.
*/
public class PdfDocumentEvent extends Event {
/**
* Dispatched after page is created.
*/
public static final String START_PAGE = "StartPdfPage";
/**
* Dispatched after page is inserted/added into a document.
*/
public static final String INSERT_PAGE = "InsertPdfPage";
/**
* Dispatched after page is removed from a document.
*/
public static final String REMOVE_PAGE = "RemovePdfPage";
/**
* Dispatched before page is flushed to a document.
* This event isn't necessarily dispatched when a successive page has been created.
* Keep it in mind when using with highlevel iText API.
*/
public static final String END_PAGE = "EndPdfPage";
/**
* The PdfPage associated with this event.
*/
protected PdfPage page;
/**
* The PdfDocument associated with this event.
*/
private PdfDocument document;
/**
* Creates a PdfDocumentEvent.
*
* @param type type of the event that fired this event
* @param document document that fired this event
*/
public PdfDocumentEvent(String type, PdfDocument document) {
super(type);
this.document = document;
}
/**
* Creates a PdfDocumentEvent.
*
* @param type type of the event that fired this event
* @param page page that fired this event
*/
public PdfDocumentEvent(String type, PdfPage page) {
super(type);
this.page = page;
this.document = page.getDocument();
}
/**
* Returns the PdfDocument associated with this event.
*
* @return the PdfDocument associated with this event
*/
public PdfDocument getDocument() {
return document;
}
/**
* Returns the PdfPage associated with this event. Warning: this can be null.
*
* @return the PdfPage associated with this event
*/
public PdfPage getPage() {
return page;
}
}
``` |
```javascript
Asynchronous Code
Working with Promises
Mocha Hooks
Pending and Disabling Tests
Timeouts
``` |
Nebojša Zorkić (born 21 August 1961) is a former Serbian basketball player.
National team career
Zorkić competed for Yugoslavia in the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
1961 births
Living people
Basketball players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 1983 Mediterranean Games
KK IMT Beograd players
KK Partizan players
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Yugoslavia
OKK Beograd players
Olympic basketball players for Yugoslavia
Olympic bronze medalists for Yugoslavia
Olympic medalists in basketball
Yugoslav expatriate basketball people
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Switzerland
Serbian men's basketball players
Yugoslav men's basketball players
Mediterranean Games medalists in basketball
Point guards
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Apocynaceae (from Apocynum, Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants in the order Gentianales that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Members of the family are native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members. The former family Asclepiadaceae (now known as Asclepiadoideae) is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here.
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened. Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).
111 genera are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Acokanthera
Genus Acokanthera:
Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Codd, indigenous
Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd, indigenous
Acokanthera rotundata (Codd) Kupicha, indigenous
Adenium
Genus Adenium:
Adenium multiflorum Klotzsch, indigenous
Adenium oleifolium Stapf, indigenous
Adenium swazicum Stapf, indigenous
Ancylobothrys
Genus Ancylobothrys:
Ancylobothrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon, indigenous
Ancylobothrys petersiana (Klotzsch) Pierre, indigenous
Anisotoma
Genus Anisotoma:
Anisotoma cordifolia Fenzl, endemic
Anisotoma pedunculata N.E.Br. indigenous
Araujia
Genus Araujia:
Araujia sericifera Brot. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Arduina
Genus Arduina:
Arduina acuminata E.Mey. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Arduina bispinosa L. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Arduina edulis (Vahl) Spreng. accepted as Carissa spinarum L. indigenous
Arduina erythrocarpa Eckl. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Arduina ferox E.Mey. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Arduina grandiflora E.Mey. accepted as Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. indigenous
Arduina haematocarpa Eckl. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Arduina macrocarpa Eckl. accepted as Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. indigenous
Arduina megaphylla Gand. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Arduina tetramera Sacleux, accepted as Carissa tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf, indigenous
Asclepias
Genus Asclepias:
Asclepias adscendens (Schltr.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias affinis (Schltr.) Schltr. accepted as Asclepias albens (E.Mey.) Schltr. present
Asclepias albens (E.Mey.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias aurea (Schltr.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias bicuspis N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias brevicuspis (E.Mey.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias brevipes (Schltr.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias buchenaviana Schinz, accepted as Gomphocarpus filiformis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. present
Asclepias burchellii Schltr. accepted as Gomphocarpus tomentosus Burch. subsp. tomentosus, present
Asclepias cancellata Burm.f. accepted as Gomphocarpus cancellatus (Burm.f.) Bruyns, present
Asclepias cognata N.E.Br. accepted as Aspidonepsis cognata (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Asclepias compressidens (N.E.Br.) Nicholas, endemic
Asclepias concinna (Schltr.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias cooperi N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias crassinervis N.E.Br. indigenous
Asclepias crinita (G.Bertol.) N.E.Br. accepted as Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. fruticosus
Asclepias crispa P.J.Bergius, indigenous
Asclepias crispa P.J.Bergius var. crispa, endemic
Asclepias crispa P.J.Bergius var. plana N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias crispa P.J.Bergius var. pseudocrispa N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias cucullata (Schltr.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias cucullata (Schltr.) Schltr. subsp. cucullata, indigenous
Asclepias cultriformis (Harv. ex Schltr.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias curassavica L. not indigenous, naturalised
Asclepias decipiens N.E.Br. accepted as Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. decipiens (N.E.Br.) Goyder & Nicholas, present
Asclepias densiflora N.E.Br. indigenous
Asclepias depressa (Schltr.) Schltr. accepted as Asclepias multicaulis (E.Mey.) Schltr. present
Asclepias diploglossa (Turcz.) Druce, accepted as Aspidonepsis diploglossa (Turcz.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Asclepias disparilis N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias dissona N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias dregeana Schltr. var. calceolus (S.Moore) N.E.Br. accepted as Asclepias fulva N.E.Br. indigenous
Asclepias dregeana Schltr. var. sordida N.E.Br. accepted as Asclepias fulva N.E.Br. present
Asclepias eminens (Harv.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias expansa (E.Mey.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias fallax (Schltr.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias filiformis (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook. ex Kuntze, accepted as Gomphocarpus filiformis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. indigenous
Asclepias flava N.E.Br. accepted as Aspidonepsis flava (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Asclepias flexuosa (E.Mey.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias fruticosa L. accepted as Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. fruticosus, present
Asclepias fulva N.E.Br. indigenous
Asclepias gibba (E.Mey.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias gibba (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. gibba, indigenous
Asclepias gibba (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. media N.E.Br. indigenous
Asclepias glaucophylla (Schltr.) Schltr. accepted as Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus Schltr. present
Asclepias gordon-grayae Nicholas, endemic
Asclepias hastata (E.Mey.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias humilis (E.Mey.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias macropus (Schltr.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr. var. brevicoronata N.E.Br. accepted as Asclepias meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr. present
Asclepias meyeriana (Schltr.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias montevaga M.Glen, Nicholas & Bester, indigenous
Asclepias monticola N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias multicaulis (E.Mey.) Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias multiflora (Decne.) N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias nana I.Verd. endemic
Asclepias navicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias oreophila Nicholas, indigenous
Asclepias patens N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias peltigera (E.Mey.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias physocarpa (E.Mey.) Schltr. accepted as Gomphocarpus physocarpus E.Mey. present
Asclepias praemorsa Schltr. endemic
Asclepias pulchella (Decne.) N.E.Br. accepted as Asclepias ameliae S.Moore, present
Asclepias rara N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias reenensis N.E.Br. accepted as Aspidonepsis reenensis (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Asclepias rivularis (Schltr.) Schltr. accepted as Gomphocarpus rivularis Schltr. present
Asclepias rostrata N.E.Br. accepted as Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. rostratus (N.E.Br.) Goyder & Nicholas
Asclepias sabulosa Schltr. accepted as Asclepias crispa P.J.Bergius var. crispa, present
Asclepias schizoglossoides Schltr. accepted as Aspidonepsis diploglossa (Turcz.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Asclepias schlechteri (K.Schum.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Asclepias schweinfurthii N.E.Br. accepted as Pachycarpus lineolatus (Decne.) Bullock
Asclepias stellifera Schltr. indigenous
Asclepias ulophylla Schltr. endemic
Asclepias velutina (Schltr.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias vicaria N.E.Br. endemic
Asclepias viridiflora (E.Mey.) Goyder, accepted as Asclepias fulva N.E.Br. present
Asclepias woodii (Schltr.) Schltr. endemic
Asclepias xysmalobioides Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, accepted as Asclepias montevaga M.Glen, Nicholas & Bester, indigenous
Aspidoglossum
Genus Aspidoglossum:
Aspidoglossum albocoronatum Bester & Nicholas, endemic
Aspidoglossum araneiferum (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Aspidoglossum biflorum E.Mey. indigenous
Aspidoglossum carinatum (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Aspidoglossum delagoense (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Aspidoglossum demissum Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum difficile Hilliard, endemic
Aspidoglossum dissimile (N.E.Br.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum fasciculare E.Mey. indigenous
Aspidoglossum flanaganii (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum glabrescens (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum glanduliferum (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum gracile (E.Mey.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum grandiflorum (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum heterophyllum E.Mey. endemic
Aspidoglossum interruptum (E.Mey.) Bullock, indigenous
Aspidoglossum lamellatum (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Aspidoglossum ovalifolium (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Aspidoglossum restioides (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum uncinatum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum validum Kupicha, indigenous
Aspidoglossum virgatum (E.Mey.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum woodii (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Aspidoglossum xanthosphaerum Hilliard, endemic
Aspidonepsis
Genus Aspidonepsis:
Aspidonepsis cognata (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder, endemic
Aspidonepsis diploglossa (Turcz.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Aspidonepsis flava (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder, endemic
Aspidonepsis reenensis (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Aspidonepsis shebae Nicholas & Goyder, endemic
Astephanus
Genus Astephanus:
Astephanus marginatus Decne. accepted as Astephanus zeyheri Turcz. present
Astephanus triflorus (L.f.) Schult. endemic
Astephanus zeyheri Turcz. endemic
Australluma
Genus Australluma:
Australluma ubomboensis (I.Verd.) Bruyns, indigenous
Brachystelma
Genus Brachystelma:
Brachystelma angustum Peckover, endemic
Brachystelma arnotii Baker, indigenous
Brachystelma australe R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma barberae Harv. ex Hook.f. indigenous
Brachystelma brevipedicellatum Turrill, endemic
Brachystelma bruceae]] R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma bruceae R.A.Dyer subsp. bruceae, endemic
Brachystelma bruceae R.A.Dyer subsp. hirsutum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma burchellii (Decne.) Peckover, indigenous
Brachystelma burchellii (Decne.) Peckover var. burchellii, indigenous
Brachystelma burchellii (Decne.) Peckover var. grandiflorum (N.E.Br.) Meve, indigenous
Brachystelma caffrum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma campanulatum N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma canum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma cathcartense R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma chloranthum (Schltr.) Peckover, indigenous
Brachystelma chlorozonum E.A.Bruce, endemic
Brachystelma christianeae Peckover, endemic
Brachystelma circinatum E.Mey. indigenous
Brachystelma coddii R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma comptum N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma cummingii A.P.Dold, indigenous
Brachystelma cupulatum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma decipiens N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma delicatum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma dimorphum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma dimorphum R.A.Dyer subsp. dimorphum, endemic
Brachystelma dimorphum R.A.Dyer subsp. gratum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma discoideum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma duplicatum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma dyeri K.Balkwill & M.Balkwill, endemic
Brachystelma elongatum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma filifolium (N.E.Br.) Peckover, indigenous
Brachystelma foetidum Schltr. indigenous
Brachystelma franksiae N.E.Br. indigenous
Brachystelma franksiae N.E.Br. subsp. franksiae, endemic
Brachystelma franksiae N.E.Br. subsp. grandiflorum A.P.Dold & Bruyns, endemic
Brachystelma gemmeum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma gerrardii Harv. indigenous
Brachystelma glenense R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma gracile E.A.Bruce, indigenous
Brachystelma gracillimum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma gymnopodum (Schltr.) Bruyns, indigenous
Brachystelma hirtellum Weim. indigenous
Brachystelma huttonii (Harv.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma incanum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma inconspicuum S.Venter, endemic
Brachystelma kerzneri Peckover, endemic
Brachystelma longifolium (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma luteum Peckover, endemic
Brachystelma macropetalum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Brachystelma meyerianum Schltr. endemic
Brachystelma micranthum E.Mey. endemic
Brachystelma minimum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma minor E.A.Bruce, endemic
Brachystelma modestum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma molaventi Peckover & A.E.van Wyk, endemic
Brachystelma montanum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma nanum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma natalense (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma ngomense R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma occidentale Schltr. endemic
Brachystelma oianthum Schltr. endemic
Brachystelma pachypodium R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma parvulum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma perditum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma petraeum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma pilosum R.A.Dyer, accepted as Brachystelma hirtellum Weim. present
Brachystelma praelongum S.Moore, indigenous
Brachystelma pulchellum (Harv.) Schltr. endemic
Brachystelma pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Brachystelma pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. subsp. flavidum (Schltr.) R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. subsp. pygmaeum, endemic
Brachystelma ramosissimum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Brachystelma remotum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma rubellum (E.Mey.) Peckover, indigenous
Brachystelma sandersonii (Oliv.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma schizoglossoides (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma schoenlandianum Schltr. endemic
Brachystelma setosum Peckover, endemic
Brachystelma stellatum E.A.Bruce & R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma stenophyllum (Schltr.) R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma swazicum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Brachystelma tabularium R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma tenellum R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma tenue R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma theronii Bruyns, indigenous
Brachystelma thunbergii N.E.Br. endemic
Brachystelma tuberosum (Meerb.) R.Br. ex Sims, indigenous
Brachystelma vahrmeijeri R.A.Dyer, endemic
Brachystelma villosum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Brachystelma waterbergensis Peckover, endemic
Callichilia
Genus Callichilia:
Callichilia orientalis S.Moore, indigenous
Calotropis
Genus Calotropis:
Calotropis busseana K.Schum. accepted as Pachycarpus lineolatus (Decne.) Bullock
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Caralluma
Genus Caralluma:
Caralluma arida (Masson) N.E.Br. accepted as Quaqua arida (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Caralluma chlorantha Schltr. endemic
Caralluma intermedia (N.E.Br.) Schltr. endemic
Caralluma maughani R.A.Dyer, accepted as Pectinaria maughanii (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Caralluma nebrownii A.Berger, accepted as Orbea lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Caralluma peschii Nel, accepted as Australluma peschii (Nel) Plowes
Carandas
Genus Carandas:
Carandas arduina (Lam.) S.Moore, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carandas edulis (Vahl) Hiern, accepted as Carissa spinarum L. indigenous
Carissa
Genus Carissa:
Carissa acuminata (E.Mey.) A.DC. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa arduina Lam. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan subsp. zambesiensis Kupicha, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa cordata (Mill.) Fourc. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan
Carissa edulis Vahl, accepted as Carissa spinarum L. indigenous
Carissa edulis Vahl subsp. continentalis Pichon, accepted as Carissa spinarum L. indigenous
Carissa erythrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa ferox (E.Mey.) A.DC. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa grandiflora (E.Mey.) A.DC. accepted as Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. indigenous
Carissa haematocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. indigenous
Carissa spinarum L. indigenous
Carissa tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf, indigenous
Carissa wyliei N.E.Br. accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Cascabela
Genus Cascabela:
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Catharanthus
Genus Catharanthus:
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Ceropegia
Genus Ceropegia:
Ceropegia africana R.Br. indigenous
Ceropegia africana R.Br. subsp. africana, endemic
Ceropegia africana R.Br. subsp. barklyi Bruyns, indigenous
Ceropegia ampliata E.Mey. indigenous
Ceropegia ampliata E.Mey. var. ampliata, indigenous
Ceropegia antennifera Schltr. endemic
Ceropegia apiculata Schltr. accepted as Ceropegia lugardae N.E.Br.
Ceropegia arenaria R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia barbata R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia barbertonensis N.E.Br. accepted as Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) H.Huber
Ceropegia barklyi Hook.f. accepted as Ceropegia africana R.Br. subsp. barklyi Bruyns, present
Ceropegia bowkeri Harv. indigenous
Ceropegia bowkeri Harv. subsp. bowkeri, endemic
Ceropegia bowkeri Harv. subsp. sororia (Harv. ex Hook.f.) R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia cancellata Rchb. endemic
Ceropegia carnosa E.Mey. indigenous
Ceropegia cimiciodora Oberm. indigenous
Ceropegia connivens R.A.Dyer, accepted as Ceropegia fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. connivens (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Ceropegia connivens R.A.Dyer forma angustata R.A.Dyer, accepted as Ceropegia fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. connivens (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Ceropegia conrathii Schltr. endemic
Ceropegia craibii J.Victor, endemic
Ceropegia crassifolia Schltr. indigenous
Ceropegia crassifolia Schltr. var. crassifolia, indigenous
Ceropegia cycniflora R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia decidua E.A.Bruce, indigenous
Ceropegia decidua E.A.Bruce subsp. decidua, indigenous
Ceropegia decidua E.A.Bruce subsp. pretoriensis R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia distincta N.E.Br. indigenous
Ceropegia distincta N.E.Br. subsp. haygarthii (Schltr.) H.Huber, accepted as Ceropegia haygarthii Schltr. present
Ceropegia distincta N.E.Br. subsp. lugardae (N.E.Br.) H.Huber, accepted as Ceropegia lugardae N.E.Br.
Ceropegia distincta N.E.Br. subsp. verruculosa R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia dubia R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia filiformis (Burch.) Schltr. indigenous
Ceropegia fimbriata E.Mey. indigenous
Ceropegia fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. connivens (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
Ceropegia fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. fimbriata, indigenous
Ceropegia fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. geniculata (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
Ceropegia fortuita R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Ceropegia geniculata R.A.Dyer, accepted as Ceropegia fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. geniculata (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Ceropegia hastata N.E.Br. accepted as Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) H.Huber
Ceropegia haygarthii Schltr. endemic
Ceropegia insignis R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia leptophylla Bruyns, indigenous
Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. indigenous
Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. linearis, indigenous
Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. tenuis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) H.Huber, indigenous
Ceropegia macmasteri A.P.Dold, indigenous
Ceropegia mafekingensis (N.E.Br.) R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Ceropegia meyeri Decne. indigenous
Ceropegia multiflora Baker, indigenous
Ceropegia multiflora Baker subsp. multiflora, indigenous
Ceropegia multiflora Baker subsp. tentaculata (N.E.Br.) H.Huber, indigenous
Ceropegia namaquensis Bruyns, endemic
Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy, indigenous
Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy var. nilotica, indigenous
Ceropegia occidentalis R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Ceropegia occulta R.A.Dyer, endemic
Ceropegia pachystelma Schltr. indigenous
Ceropegia pachystelma Schltr. subsp. pachystelma, indigenous
Ceropegia pumila N.E.Br. accepted as Brachystelma gymnopodum (Schltr.) Bruyns
Ceropegia pygmaea Schinz, accepted as Brachystelma gymnopodum (Schltr.) Bruyns, present
Ceropegia racemosa N.E.Br. subsp. setifera (Schltr.) H.Huber, accepted as Ceropegia carnosa E.Mey. present
Ceropegia radicans Schltr. indigenous
Ceropegia radicans Schltr. subsp. radicans, endemic
Ceropegia radicans Schltr. subsp. smithii (M.R.Hend.) R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Ceropegia rendallii N.E.Br. indigenous
Ceropegia rudatisii Schltr. endemic
Ceropegia sandersonii Decne. ex Hook. indigenous
Ceropegia scabriflora N.E.Br. endemic
Ceropegia schoenlandii N.E.Br. accepted as Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) H.Huber
Ceropegia stapeliiformis Haw. indigenous
Ceropegia stapeliiformis Haw. subsp. serpentina (E.A.Bruce) R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Ceropegia stapeliiformis Haw. subsp. stapeliiformis, endemic
Ceropegia stenantha K.Schum. indigenous
Ceropegia stentiae E.A.Bruce, endemic
Ceropegia tenuis N.E.Br. accepted as Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. tenuis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Ceropegia tomentosa Schltr. endemic
Ceropegia turricula E.A.Bruce, endemic
Ceropegia woodii Schltr. accepted as Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) H.Huber, present
Ceropegia zeyheri Schltr. endemic
Chlorocyathus
Genus Chlorocyathus:
Chlorocyathus lobulata (Venter & R.L.Verh.) Venter, endemic
Chlorocyathus monteiroae Oliv. indigenous
Cordylogyne
Genus Cordylogyne:
Cordylogyne globosa E.Mey. indigenous
Cryptolepis
Genus Cryptolepis:
Cryptolepis capensis Schltr. indigenous
Cryptolepis cryptolepioides (Schltr.) Bullock, indigenous
Cryptolepis decidua (Planch. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Cryptolepis delagoensis Schltr. indigenous
Cryptolepis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schltr. indigenous
Cryptolepis obtusa N.E.Br. indigenous
Cryptolepis transvaalensis Schltr. accepted as Cryptolepis cryptolepioides (Schltr.) Bullock, present
Cryptostegia
Genus Cryptostegia:
Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Curroria
Genus Curroria:
Curroria decidua Planch. ex Benth. subsp. decidua, accepted as Cryptolepis decidua (Planch. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. present
Cynanchum
Genus Cynanchum:
Cynanchum africanum (L.) Hoffmanns. endemic
Cynanchum africanum R.Br. var. crassifolium N.E.Br. accepted as Cynanchum africanum (L.) Hoffmanns. present
Cynanchum capense Thunb. accepted as Pentatropis capensis (L.f.) Bullock, present
Cynanchum ellipticum (Harv.) R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Cynanchum gerrardii (Harv.) Liede, indigenous
Cynanchum hastatum Pers. accepted as Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) Decne.
Cynanchum intermedium N.E.Br. accepted as Cynanchum africanum (L.) Hoffmanns. present
Cynanchum meyeri (Decne.) Schltr. indigenous
Cynanchum mossambicense K.Schum. indigenous
Cynanchum natalitium Schltr. endemic
Cynanchum obtusifolium L.f. indigenous
Cynanchum obtusifolium L.f. var. pilosum Schltr. accepted as Cynanchum obtusifolium L.f. present
Cynanchum orangeanum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Cynanchum pearsonianum Liede & Meve, indigenous
Cynanchum schistoglossum Schltr. indigenous
Cynanchum validum N.E.Br. accepted as Schizostephanus alatus Hochst. ex K.Schum. indigenous
Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi, indigenous
Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. orangeanum (Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve, endemic
Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. suberosum (Meve & Liede) Goyder, indigenous
Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, indigenous
Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. viminale, indigenous
Cynanchum virens (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. indigenous
Cynanchum zeyheri Schltr. endemic
Daemia
Genus Daemia:
Daemia barbata Schltr. accepted as Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. daemia
Dichaelia
Genus Dichaelia:
Dichaelia breviflora Schltr. subsp. pygmaea Schltr. accepted as Brachystelma pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. subsp. pygmaeum
Diplorhynchus
Genus Diplorhynchus:
Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Mull.Arg.) Pichon, indigenous
Dregea
Genus Dregea:
Dregea floribunda E.Mey. accepted as Marsdenia dregea (Harv.) Schltr. present
Dregea macrantha Klotzsch, accepted as Marsdenia macrantha (Klotzsch) Schltr. present
Duvalia
Genus Duvalia:
Duvalia angustiloba N.E.Br. endemic
Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. indigenous
Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, indigenous
Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. pubescens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. vestita (Meve) Bruyns, endemic
Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. var. compacta (Haw.) Meve, accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, endemic
Duvalia compacta Haw. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia corderoyi (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. endemic
Duvalia elegans (Masson) Haw. endemic
Duvalia elegans (Masson) Haw. var. namaquana N.E.Br. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. pubescens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Duvalia elegans (Masson) Haw. var. seminuda N.E.Br. accepted as Duvalia elegans (Masson) Haw. present
Duvalia emiliana A.C.White, accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia gracilis Meve, accepted as Duvalia modesta N.E.Br. endemic
Duvalia immaculata (C.A.Luckh.) Bayer ex L.C.Leach, endemic
Duvalia maculata N.E.Br. indigenous
Duvalia modesta N.E.Br. endemic
Duvalia parviflora N.E.Br. endemic
Duvalia pillansii N.E.Br. endemic
Duvalia pillansii N.E.Br. var. albanica N.E.Br. accepted as Duvalia pillansii N.E.Br. present
Duvalia polita N.E.Br. indigenous
Duvalia polita N.E.Br. var. parviflora (L.Bolus) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Duvalia polita N.E.Br. present
Duvalia polita N.E.Br. var. transvaalensis (Schltr.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Duvalia polita N.E.Br. present
Duvalia procumbens R.A.Dyer, accepted as Huernia procumbens (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach, present
Duvalia pubescens N.E.Br. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. pubescens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Duvalia pubescens N.E.Br. var. major N.E.Br. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. pubescens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Duvalia radiata (Sims) Haw. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia radiata (Sims) Haw. var. hirtella (Jacq.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia radiata (Sims) Haw. var. minor (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia radiata (Sims) Haw. var. obscura (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia reclinata (Masson) Haw. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia reclinata (Masson) Haw. var. angulata N.E.Br. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia reclinata (Masson) Haw. var. bifida N.E.Br. accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Duvalia vestita Meve, accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. vestita (Meve) Bruyns, endemic
Echites
Genus Echites:
Echites succulentus L.f. accepted as Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, indigenous
Echites tuberosus Haw. ex Steud. accepted as Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, indigenous
Ectadiopsis
Genus Ectadiopsis:
Ectadiopsis acutifolia (Sond.) Benth. accepted as Cryptolepis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schltr.
Ectadiopsis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Benth. accepted as Cryptolepis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schltr. present
Ectadium
Genus Ectadium:
Ectadium virgatum E.Mey. indigenous
Emplectanthus
Genus Emplectanthus:
Emplectanthus cordatus N.E.Br. endemic
Emplectanthus dalzellii D.G.A.Styles, endemic
Emplectanthus gerrardii N.E.Br. endemic
Ephippiocarpa
Genus Ephippiocarpa:
Ephippiocarpa orientalis (S.Moore) Markgr. accepted as Callichilia orientalis S.Moore, present
Eustegia
Genus Eustegia:
Eustegia filiformis (L.f.) Schult. endemic
Eustegia fraterna N.E.Br. indigenous
Eustegia fraterna N.E.Br. var. fraterna, endemic
Eustegia fraterna N.E.Br. var. pubescens N.E.Br. endemic
Eustegia macropetala Schltr. endemic
Eustegia minuta (L.f.) R.Br. endemic
Eustegia plicata Schinz, endemic
Fanninia
Genus Fanninia:
Fanninia caloglossa Harv. endemic
Fockea
Genus Fockea:
Fockea angustifolia K.Schum. indigenous
Fockea capensis Endl. endemic
Fockea comaru (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Fockea crispa (Jacq.) K.Schum. accepted as Fockea capensis Endl. present
Fockea cylindrica R.A.Dyer, accepted as Fockea edulis (Thunb.) K.Schum. present
Fockea edulis (Thunb.) K.Schum. indigenous
Fockea gracilis R.A.Dyer, accepted as Fockea comaru (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. present
Fockea multiflora K.Schum. indigenous
Fockea sinuata (E.Mey.) Druce, indigenous
Fockea tugelensis N.E.Br. accepted as Fockea angustifolia K.Schum. present
Gomphocarpus
Genus Gomphocarpus:
Gomphocarpus cancellatus (Burm.f.) Bruyns, indigenous
Gomphocarpus diploglossus Turcz. accepted as Aspidonepsis diploglossa (Turcz.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Gomphocarpus filiformis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. indigenous
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. indigenous
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. decipiens (N.E.Br.) Goyder & Nicholas, indigenous
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. fruticosus, indigenous
Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus Schltr. indigenous
Gomphocarpus physocarpus E.Mey. indigenous
Gomphocarpus rivularis Schltr. indigenous
Gomphocarpus tomentosus (Torr.) A.Gray, accepted as Asclepias californica Greene, present
Gomphocarpus tomentosus Burch. indigenous
Gomphocarpus tomentosus Burch. subsp. tomentosus, indigenous
Gonioma
Genus Gonioma:
Gonioma kamassi E.Mey. indigenous
Gymnema
Genus Gymnema:
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. accepted as Marsdenia sylvestris (Retz.) P.I.Forst. present
Holarrhena
Genus Holarrhena:
Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex G.Don, indigenous
Hoodia
Genus Hoodia:
Hoodia albispina N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. present
Hoodia alstonii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Hoodia bainii Dyer, accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. present
Hoodia barklyi Dyer, accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. present
Hoodia burkei N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. present
Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. indigenous
Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. lugardii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. var. currorii, accepted as Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. currorii
Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. var. minor R.A.Dyer, accepted as Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. currorii
Hoodia dinteri (A.Berger) Halda, accepted as Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Hoodia dregei N.E.Br. endemic
Hoodia flava (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Hoodia gibbosa Nel, accepted as Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. currorii
Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. indigenous
Hoodia husabensis Nel, accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne.
Hoodia langii Oberm. & Letty, accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. present
Hoodia lugardii N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. lugardii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Hoodia macrantha Dinter, accepted as Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. currorii
Hoodia montana Nel, accepted as Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. currorii
Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. officinalis, indigenous
Hoodia pilifera (L.f.) Plowes, indigenous
Hoodia pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. annulata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Hoodia pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. pilifera, endemic
Hoodia pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Hoodia grandis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, endemic
Hoodia pillansii N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. present
Hoodia rosea Oberm. & Letty, accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. present
Hoodia similis (N.E.Br.) Halda, accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. cactiformis, indigenous
Hoodia triebneri Schuldt, accepted as Hoodia triebneri (Nel) Bruyns
Hoodia whitesloaneana Dinter, accepted as Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne.
Huernia
Genus Huernia:
Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. indigenous
Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. barbata, indigenous
Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. ingeae (Lavranos) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. var. griquensis N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. barbata, present
Huernia bayeri L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels, endemic
Huernia blackbeardiae R.A.Dyer ex H.Jacobsen, accepted as Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. zebrina
Huernia blyderiverensis (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels, present
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. subsp. baviaana L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels, endemic
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. subsp. intermedia (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels, endemic
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. ecornuta (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels, endemic
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. histrionica A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, present
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. immaculata (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, present
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. intermedia N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, indigenous
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. longula (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, present
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. pallida (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, present
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. parvipuncta A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, present
Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. var. scabra (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, present
Huernia campanulata (Masson) Haw. accepted as Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. barbata, endemic
Huernia campanulata (Masson) Haw. var. denticoronata N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. barbata, present
Huernia clavigera (Jacq.) Haw. accepted as Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. barbata, endemic
Huernia clavigera (Jacq.) Haw. var. maritima N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. barbata, present
Huernia confusa E.Phillips, accepted as Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. insigniflora (C.A.Maass) Bruyns, indigenous
Huernia decemdentata N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. barbata, present
Huernia echidnopsioides (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia longii Pillans subsp. echidnopsioides (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. indigenous
Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. calitzdorpensis L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. guttata, endemic
Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. guttata, endemic
Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. reticulata (Masson) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia humilis (Masson) Haw. endemic
Huernia hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Huernia hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. subsp. hystrix, indigenous
Huernia hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. subsp. parvula (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. var. parvula L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. subsp. parvula (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia ingeae Lavranos, accepted as Huernia barbata (Masson) Haw. subsp. ingeae (Lavranos) Bruyns, present
Huernia insigniflora C.A.Maass, accepted as Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. insigniflora (C.A.Maass) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia kennedyana Lavranos, endemic
Huernia kirkii N.E.Br. indigenous
Huernia loeseneriana Schltr. indigenous
Huernia longii Pillans, endemic
Huernia longii Pillans subsp. echidnopsioides (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, accepted as Huernia pillansii N.E.Br. subsp. echidnopsioides L.C.Leach, endemic
Huernia longii Pillans subsp. longii, endemic
Huernia longituba N.E.Br. indigenous
Huernia namaquensis Pillans, indigenous
Huernia nouhuysii I.Verd. endemic
Huernia ocellata (Jacq.) Schult. accepted as Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. guttata, present
Huernia pendula E.A.Bruce, endemic
Huernia piersii N.E.Br. endemic
Huernia pillansii N.E.Br. endemic
Huernia pillansii N.E.Br. subsp. echidnopsioides L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia echidnopsioides (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Huernia praestans N.E.Br. endemic
Huernia primulina N.E.Br. var. primulina, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels, present
Huernia primulina N.E.Br. var. rugosa N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii, present
Huernia procumbens (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Huernia quinta (E.Phillips) A.C.White & B.Sloane, indigenous
Huernia quinta (E.Phillips) A.C.White & B.Sloane var. blyderiverensis L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia blyderiverensis (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia reticulata (Masson) Haw. accepted as Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. reticulata (Masson) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia simplex N.E.Br. accepted as Huernia humilis (Masson) Haw. present
Huernia stapelioides Schltr. indigenous
Huernia thudichumii L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia humilis (Masson) Haw. endemic
Huernia thuretii F.Cels, indigenous
Huernia thuretii F.Cels var. primulina (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia thuretii F.Cels, endemic
Huernia transvaalensis Stent, endemic
Huernia venusta (Masson) Haw. accepted as Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. guttata, endemic
Huernia whitesloaneana Nel, endemic
Huernia witzenbergensis C.A.Luckh. endemic
Huernia x distincta N.E.Br. endemic
Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. indigenous
Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. insigniflora (C.A.Maass) Bruyns, endemic
Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. magniflora (E.Phillips) L.C.Leach, accepted as Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. zebrina, indigenous
Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. zebrina, indigenous
Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. var. magniflora E.Phillips, accepted as Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. zebrina, indigenous
Huerniopsis
Genus Huerniopsis:
Huerniopsis atrosanguinea (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Piaranthus atrosanguineus (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Huerniopsis decipiens N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus decipiens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Huerniopsis gibbosa Nel, accepted as Piaranthus atrosanguineus (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Ischnolepis
Genus Ischnolepis:
Ischnolepis natalensis (Schltr.) Venter, accepted as Petopentia natalensis (Schltr.) Bullock, endemic
Jasminonerium
Genus Jasminonerium:
Jasminonerium acuminatum (E.Mey.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Jasminonerium bispinosum (L.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Jasminonerium carandas Kuntze var. spinarum (L.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa spinarum L. indigenous
Jasminonerium edule (Vahl) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa spinarum L. indigenous
Jasminonerium erythrocarpum (Eckl.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Jasminonerium ferox (E.Mey.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Jasminonerium grandiflorum (E.Mey.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. indigenous
Jasminonerium haematocarpum (Eckl.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan, indigenous
Jasminonerium macrocarpum (Eckl.) Kuntze, accepted as Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. indigenous
Kanahia
Genus Kanahia:
Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br. indigenous
Lagarinthus
Genus Lagarinthus:
Lagarinthus filiformis E.Mey. accepted as Gomphocarpus filiformis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. indigenous
Landolphia
Genus Landolphia:
Landolphia kirkii Dyer ex Hook.f. indigenous
Larryleachia
Genus Larryleachia:
Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes, indigenous
Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. cactiformis, indigenous
Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. felina (D.T.Cole) Bruyns, endemic
Larryleachia dinteri (A.Berger) Plowes, accepted as Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Larryleachia felina (D.T.Cole) Plowes, accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. felina (D.T.Cole) Bruyns, present
Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Larryleachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes, indigenous
Larryleachia picta (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Larryleachia similis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. cactiformis, endemic
Lavrania
Genus Lavrania:
Lavrania cactiformis (Hook.) Bruyns, accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes, present
Lavrania marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Lavrania perlata (Dinter) Bruyns, accepted as Larryleachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes, present
Lavrania picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Larryleachia picta (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Lavrania picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. parvipunctata Bruyns, accepted as Larryleachia tirasmontana Plowes
Luckhoffia
Genus Luckhoffia:
Luckhoffia beukmanii (C.A.Luckh.) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as X Hoodiapelia beukmanii (C.A.Luckh.) G.D.Rowley, present
Macropetalum
Genus Macropetalum:
Macropetalum burchellii Decne. var. burchellii, accepted as Brachystelma burchellii (Decne.) Peckover var. burchellii, present
Macropetalum burchellii Decne. var. grandiflora N.E.Br. accepted as Brachystelma burchellii (Decne.) Peckover var. burchellii, present
Marsdenia
Genus Marsdenia:
Marsdenia floribunda (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. accepted as Marsdenia dregea (Harv.) Schltr. indigenous
Marsdenia macrantha (Klotzsch) Schltr. indigenous
Marsdenia sylvestris (Retz.) P.I.Forst. indigenous
Microloma
Genus Microloma:
Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. indigenous
Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum, indigenous
Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. burchellii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Microloma burchellii N.E.Br. accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. burchellii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Microloma calycinum E.Mey. indigenous
Microloma calycinum E.Mey. subsp. flavescens (E.Mey.) Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma calycinum E.Mey. present
Microloma campanulatum Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum, present
Microloma dregei (E.Mey.) Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum, present
Microloma gibbosum N.E.Br. accepted as Microloma sagittatum (L.) R.Br. present
Microloma glabratum E.Mey. accepted as Microloma sagittatum (L.) R.Br. present
Microloma glabratum E.Mey. subsp. subglabratum Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma sagittatum (L.) R.Br. present
Microloma hystricoides Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum, present
Microloma incanum Decne. indigenous
Microloma longitubum Schltr. indigenous
Microloma namaquense Bolus, endemic
Microloma poicilanthum H.Huber, indigenous
Microloma sagittatum (L.) R.Br. endemic
Microloma sagittatum (L.) R.Br. subsp. pillansii Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma sagittatum (L.) R.Br. present
Microloma schaferi Dinter, accepted as Microloma penicillatum Schltr.
Microloma spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. dinteri (Schltr.) Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum
Microloma spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. spinosum, accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum, present
Microloma spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. velutinum Wanntorp, accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum, present
Microloma tenuifolium (L.) K.Schum. endemic
Microloma viridiflorum N.E.Br. accepted as Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. burchellii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Miraglossum
Genus Miraglossum:
Miraglossum anomalum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha, endemic
Miraglossum davyi (N.E.Br.) Kupicha, endemic
Miraglossum laeve Kupicha, endemic
Miraglossum pilosum (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Miraglossum pulchellum (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Miraglossum superbum Kupicha, endemic
Miraglossum verticillare (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Mondia
Genus Mondia:
Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels, indigenous
Nerium
Genus Nerium:
Nerium oleander L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Notechidnopsis
Genus Notechidnopsis:
Notechidnopsis columnaris (Nel) Lavranos & Bleck, accepted as Richtersveldia columnaris (Nel) Meve & Liede, endemic
Notechidnopsis tessellata (Pillans) Lavranos & Bleck, endemic
Oncinema
Genus Oncinema:
Oncinema lineare (L.f.) Bullock, indigenous
Oncinotis
Genus Oncinotis:
Oncinotis tenuiloba Stapf, indigenous
Ophionella
Genus Ophionella:
Ophionella arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Ophionella arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arcuata, endemic
Ophionella arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. mirkinii (Pillans) Bruyns, endemic
Ophionella willowmorensis Bruyns, endemic
Orbea
Genus Orbea:
Orbea carnosa (Stent) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea carnosa (Stent) Bruyns subsp. carnosa, endemic
Orbea carnosa (Stent) Bruyns subsp. keithii (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea ciliata (Thunb.) L.C.Leach, endemic
Orbea conjuncta (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Bruyns, endemic
Orbea cooperi (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Orbea elegans Plowes, endemic
Orbea gerstneri (Letty) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea gerstneri (Letty) Bruyns subsp. elongata (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
Orbea gerstneri (Letty) Bruyns subsp. gerstneri, indigenous
Orbea hardyi (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
Orbea irrorata (Masson) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach, present
Orbea knobelii (E.Phillips) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea longidens (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Orbea longii (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
Orbea lugardii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. lutea, indigenous
Orbea lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea macloughlinii (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach, endemic
Orbea maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Orbea maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. maculata, indigenous
Orbea melanantha (Schltr.) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea miscella (N.E.Br.) Meve, endemic
Orbea namaquensis (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, endemic
Orbea paradoxa (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Orbea pulchella (Masson) L.C.Leach, endemic
Orbea rangeana (Dinter & A.Berger) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. rangeana (Dinter & A.Berger) Bruyns
Orbea rogersii (L.Bolus) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea speciosa L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea macloughlinii (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach, present
Orbea tapscottii (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Orbea ubomboensis (I.Verd.) Bruyns, accepted as Australluma ubomboensis (I.Verd.) Bruyns, indigenous
Orbea variegata (L.) Haw. endemic
Orbea verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach, endemic
Orbea verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach var. fucosa (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach, present
Orbea verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach var. verrucosa, accepted as Orbea verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach, present
Orbea woodii (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, endemic
Orbeanthus
Genus Orbeanthus:
Orbeanthus conjunctus (A.C.White & B.Sloane) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea conjuncta (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Bruyns, present
Orbeanthus hardyi (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea hardyi (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Orbeopsis
Genus Orbeopsis:
Orbeopsis albocastanea (Marloth) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea albocastanea (Marloth) Bruyns
Orbeopsis gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp. elongata (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea gerstneri (Letty) Bruyns subsp. elongata (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Orbeopsis gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp. gerstneri, accepted as Orbea gerstneri (Letty) Bruyns subsp. gerstneri, present
Orbeopsis knobelii (E.Phillips) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea knobelii (E.Phillips) Bruyns
Orbeopsis lutea (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. lutea, accepted as Orbea lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. lutea, present
Orbeopsis lutea (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Orbeopsis melanantha (Schltr.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea melanantha (Schltr.) Bruyns, present
Orbeopsis tsumebensis (Oberm.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea huillensis (Hiern) Bruyns subsp. huillensis
Orbeopsis valida (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea valida (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. valida, present
Orthanthera
Genus Orthanthera:
Orthanthera jasminiflora (Decne.) Schinz, indigenous
Pachycarpus
Genus Pachycarpus:
Pachycarpus acidostelma M.Glen & Nicholas, indigenous
Pachycarpus appendiculatus E.Mey. indigenous
Pachycarpus asperifolius Meisn. indigenous
Pachycarpus campanulatus (Harv.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Pachycarpus campanulatus (Harv.) N.E.Br. var. campanulatus, indigenous
Pachycarpus campanulatus (Harv.) N.E.Br. var. sutherlandii N.E.Br. indigenous
Pachycarpus concolor E.Mey. indigenous
Pachycarpus concolor E.Mey. subsp. arenicola Goyder, indigenous
Pachycarpus concolor E.Mey. subsp. concolor, indigenous
Pachycarpus concolor E.Mey. subsp. transvaalensis (Schltr.) Goyder, indigenous
Pachycarpus coronarius E.Mey. endemic
Pachycarpus dealbatus E.Mey. indigenous
Pachycarpus decorus N.E.Br. accepted as Pachycarpus concolor E.Mey. subsp. transvaalensis (Schltr.) Goyder, present
Pachycarpus galpinii (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Pachycarpus grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. indigenous
Pachycarpus grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. subsp. grandiflorus, endemic
Pachycarpus grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. subsp. tomentosus (Schltr.) Goyder, indigenous
Pachycarpus grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. var. tomentosus (Schltr.) N.E.Br. accepted as Pachycarpus grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. subsp. tomentosus (Schltr.) Goyder, present
Pachycarpus lebomboensis D.M.N.Sm. endemic
Pachycarpus linearis (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. endemic
Pachycarpus mackenii (Harv.) N.E.Br. endemic
Pachycarpus macrochilus (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Pachycarpus natalensis N.E.Br. endemic
Pachycarpus plicatus N.E.Br. endemic
Pachycarpus reflectens E.Mey. endemic
Pachycarpus rigidus E.Mey. indigenous
Pachycarpus rostratus N.E.Br. endemic
Pachycarpus scaber (Harv.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Pachycarpus schinzianus (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Pachycarpus schweinfurthii (N.E.Br.) Bullock, accepted as Pachycarpus lineolatus (Decne.) Bullock
Pachycarpus stenoglossus (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. endemic
Pachycarpus suaveolens (Schltr.) Nicholas & Goyder, indigenous
Pachycarpus transvaalensis (Schltr.) N.E.Br. accepted as Pachycarpus concolor E.Mey. subsp. transvaalensis (Schltr.) Goyder, indigenous
Pachycarpus vexillaris E.Mey. indigenous
Pachycymbium
Genus Pachycymbium:
Pachycymbium carnosum (Stent) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea carnosa (Stent) Bruyns subsp. carnosa, present
Pachycymbium keithii (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea carnosa (Stent) Bruyns subsp. keithii (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Pachycymbium lancasteri Lavranos, accepted as Orbea carnosa (Stent) Bruyns subsp. keithii (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Pachycymbium lugardii (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert, accepted as Orbea lugardii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Pachycymbium miscellum (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert, accepted as Orbea miscella (N.E.Br.) Meve, present
Pachycymbium rogersii (L.Bolus) M.G.Gilbert, accepted as Orbea rogersii (L.Bolus) Bruyns, present
Pachycymbium ubomboense (I.Verd.) M.G.Gilbert, accepted as Australluma ubomboensis (I.Verd.) Bruyns
Pachypodium
Genus Pachypodium:
Pachypodium bispinosum (L.f.) A.DC. endemic
Pachypodium griquense L.Bolus, accepted as Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, indigenous
Pachypodium jasminiflorum L.Bolus, accepted as Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, indigenous
Pachypodium namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Welw. indigenous
Pachypodium saundersii N.E.Br. indigenous
Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, endemic
Pachypodium tomentosum G.Don, accepted as Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, indigenous
Pachypodium tuberosum Lindl. accepted as Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, indigenous
Parapodium
Genus Parapodium:
Parapodium costatum E.Mey. indigenous
Parapodium crispum N.E.Br. endemic
Parapodium simile N.E.Br. endemic
Pectinaria
Genus Pectinaria:
Pectinaria arcuata N.E.Br. accepted as Ophionella arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arcuata, present
Pectinaria articulata]] (Aiton) Haw. indigenous
Pectinaria articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. articulata, endemic
Pectinaria articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. asperiflora (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Pectinaria articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. borealis Bruyns, endemic
Pectinaria articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. namaquensis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Pectinaria articulata (Aiton) Haw. var. namaquensis N.E.Br. accepted as Pectinaria articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. namaquensis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Pectinaria asperiflora N.E.Br. accepted as Pectinaria articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. asperiflora (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Pectinaria breviloba R.A.Dyer, accepted as Stapeliopsis breviloba (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, present
Pectinaria exasperata Bruyns, accepted as Stapeliopsis exasperata (Bruyns) Bruyns, present
Pectinaria longipes (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Pectinaria longipes (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. longipes, endemic
Pectinaria longipes (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. villetii (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
Pectinaria maughanii (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
Pectinaria pillansii N.E.Br. accepted as Stapeliopsis pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Pectinaria saxatilis N.E.Br. accepted as Stapeliopsis saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Pectinaria stayneri M.B.Bayer, accepted as Stapeliopsis stayneri (M.B.Bayer) Bruyns, indigenous
Pectinaria tulipiflora C.A.Luckh. accepted as Stapeliopsis saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Pentarrhinum
Genus Pentarrhinum:
Pentarrhinum abyssinicum Decne. indigenous
Pentarrhinum abyssinicum Decne. subsp. abyssinicum, indigenous
Pentarrhinum insipidum E.Mey. indigenous
Pentopetia
Genus Pentopetia:
Pentopetia natalensis Schltr. accepted as Petopentia natalensis (Schltr.) Bullock, indigenous
Pergularia
Genus Pergularia:
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. indigenous
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. daemia, indigenous
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. garipensis (E.Mey.) Goyder, indigenous
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. daemia, accepted as Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. daemia
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. leiocarpa (K.Schum.) H.Huber, accepted as Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. garipensis (E.Mey.) Goyder, indigenous
Periglossum
Genus Periglossum:
Periglossum angustifolium Decne. indigenous
Periglossum kassnerianum Schltr. accepted as Periglossum mackenii Harv. present
Periglossum mackenii Harv. indigenous
Periglossum mossambicense Schltr. accepted as Periglossum mackenii Harv.
Periglossum podoptyches Nicholas & Bester, endemic
Petopentia
Genus Petopentia:
Petopentia natalensis (Schltr.) Bullock, endemic
Petopentia undulata Venter & A.M.Venter, endemic
Piaranthus
Genus Piaranthus:
Piaranthus atrosanguineus (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Piaranthus barrydalensis Meve, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, endemic
Piaranthus comptus N.E.Br. endemic
Piaranthus comptus N.E.Br. var. ciliatus N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus comptus N.E.Br. present
Piaranthus cornutus N.E.Br. var. cornutus, indigenous
Piaranthus decipiens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Piaranthus decorus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. cornutus (N.E.Br.) Meve, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
Piaranthus decorus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus (Masson) Bruyns, endemic
Piaranthus disparilis N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus foetidus N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus foetidus N.E.Br. var. diversus N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus foetidus N.E.Br. var. multipunctatus N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus foetidus N.E.Br. var. pallidus N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus foetidus N.E.Br. var. purpureus N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus framesii Pillans, accepted as Piaranthus punctatus (Masson) R.Br. var. framesii (Pillans) Bruyns, endemic
Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. indigenous
Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, endemic
Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. var. foetidus (N.E.Br.) Meve, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, endemic
Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. var. geminatus, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, endemic
Piaranthus globosus A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus mennellii C.A.Luckh. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus (Masson) Bruyns, present
Piaranthus pallidus C.A.Luckh. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus (Masson) Bruyns, present
Piaranthus parvulus N.E.Br. endemic
Piaranthus pillansii N.E.Br. var. inconstans N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus pillansii N.E.Br. var. pillansii, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. geminatus, present
Piaranthus pulcher N.E.Br. accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus (Masson) Bruyns, present
Piaranthus pulcher N.E.Br. var. nebrownii (Dinter) A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus (Masson) Bruyns, present
Piaranthus punctatus (Masson) R.Br. indigenous
Piaranthus punctatus (Masson) R.Br. var. framesii (Pillans) Bruyns, endemic
Piaranthus punctatus (Masson) R.Br. var. punctatus, endemic
Piaranthus ruschii Nel, accepted as Piaranthus cornutus N.E.Br. var. ruschii (Nel) Bruyns
Quaqua
Genus Quaqua:
Quaqua acutiloba (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. arenicola, endemic
Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (Bruyns) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arenicola (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. arenicola, present
Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. armata, endemic
Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. maritima Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. pilifera Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (Bruyns) Bruyns, present
Quaqua aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, endemic
Quaqua bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes, endemic
Quaqua cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua framesii (Pillans) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns, indigenous
Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, present
Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. hottentotorum (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata, endemic
Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata var. tentaculata, accepted as Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. tentaculata (Bruyns) Bruyns, present
Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. tentaculata (Bruyns) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns var. cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, present
Quaqua linearis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua mammillaris (L.) Bruyns, indigenous
Quaqua marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arida (N.E.Br.) Plowes, endemic
Quaqua multiflora (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua pallens Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. bayeriana Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes, present
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. confusa (Plowes) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. dependens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. gracilis (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. parviflora, endemic
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. pulchra Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes, present
Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. swanepoelii (Lavranos) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Quaqua pruinosa (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
Quaqua pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes, endemic
Quaqua ramosa (Masson) Bruyns, endemic
Raphionacme
Genus Raphionacme:
Raphionacme burkei N.E.Br. accepted as Raphionacme velutina Schltr. present
Raphionacme dyeri Retief & Venter, indigenous
Raphionacme elata N.E.Br. accepted as Raphionacme galpinii Schltr. present
Raphionacme elsana Venter & R.L.Verh. endemic
Raphionacme flanaganii Schltr. indigenous
Raphionacme galpinii Schltr. indigenous
Raphionacme hirsuta (E.Mey.) R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Raphionacme lobulata Venter & R.L.Verh. accepted as Chlorocyathus lobulata (Venter & R.L.Verh.) Venter, endemic
Raphionacme lucens Venter & R.L.Verh. endemic
Raphionacme monteiroae (Oliv.) N.E.Br. accepted as Chlorocyathus monteiroae Oliv. indigenous
Raphionacme palustris Venter & R.L.Verh. endemic
Raphionacme procumbens Schltr. indigenous
Raphionacme velutina Schltr. indigenous
Raphionacme villicorona Venter, indigenous
Raphionacme zeyheri Harv. endemic
Rauvolfia
Genus Rauvolfia:
Rauvolfia caffra Sond. indigenous
Rhyssolobium
Genus Rhyssolobium:
Rhyssolobium dumosum E.Mey. indigenous
Richtersveldia
Genus Richtersveldia:
Richtersveldia columnaris (Nel) Meve & Liede, endemic
Riocreuxia
Genus Riocreuxia:
Riocreuxia aberrans R.A.Dyer, endemic
Riocreuxia alexandrina (H.Huber) R.A.Dyer, accepted as Riocreuxia flanaganii Schltr. var. alexandria H.Huber, endemic
Riocreuxia bolusii N.E.Br. accepted as Riocreuxia torulosa (E.Mey.) Decne. var. bolusii (N.E.Br.) Masinde, endemic
Riocreuxia burchellii K.Schum. accepted as Riocreuxia polyantha Schltr. present
Riocreuxia flanaganii Schltr. endemic
Riocreuxia flanaganii Schltr. subsp. segregata R.A.Dyer, accepted as Riocreuxia polyantha Schltr.
Riocreuxia flanaganii Schltr. var. alexandria H.Huber, indigenous
Riocreuxia flanaganii Schltr. var. flanaganii, endemic
Riocreuxia picta Schltr. indigenous
Riocreuxia polyantha Schltr. indigenous
Riocreuxia torulosa (E.Mey.) Decne. var. bolusii (N.E.Br.) Masinde, indigenous
Riocreuxia torulosa (E.Mey.) Decne. var. torulosa, indigenous
Riocreuxia torulosa Decne. indigenous
Riocreuxia woodii N.E.Br. endemic
Sarcostemma
Genus Sarcostemma:
Sarcostemma pearsonii N.E.Br. accepted as Cynanchum pearsonianum Liede & Meve, indigenous
Sarcostemma tetrapterum Turcz. accepted as Cynanchum tetrapterum (Turcz.) R.A.Dyer ex Bullock, present
Sarcostemma thunbergii G.Don, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, indigenous
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. viminale, indigenous
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. orangeanum Liede & Meve, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. orangeanum (Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve, endemic
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. suberosum Meve & Liede, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. suberosum (Meve & Liede) Goyder, indigenous
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, indigenous
Schizoglossum
Genus Schizoglossum:
Schizoglossum amatolicum Hilliard, endemic
Schizoglossum aschersonianum Schltr. indigenous
Schizoglossum aschersonianum Schltr. var. aschersonianum, endemic
Schizoglossum aschersonianum Schltr. var. longipes N.E.Br. endemic
Schizoglossum aschersonianum Schltr. var. pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Schizoglossum aschersonianum Schltr. var. radiatum N.E.Br. endemic
Schizoglossum atropurpureum E.Mey. indigenous
Schizoglossum atropurpureum]] E.Mey. subsp. atropurpureum, indigenous
Schizoglossum atropurpureum E.Mey. subsp. tridentatum (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum atropurpureum E.Mey. subsp. virens (E.Mey.) Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum austromontanum Bester & Nicholas, endemic
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. indigenous
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. subsp. atrorubens (Schltr.) Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. subsp. bidens, indigenous
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. subsp. galpinii (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. subsp. gracile Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. subsp. hirtum Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. subsp. pachyglossum (Schltr.) Kupicha, indigenous
Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey. subsp. productum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum capitatum Schltr. accepted as Asclepias dissona N.E.Br. present
Schizoglossum cordifolium E.Mey. indigenous
Schizoglossum crassipes S.Moore, indigenous
Schizoglossum elingue N.E.Br. indigenous
Schizoglossum elingue N.E.Br. subsp. elingue, endemic
Schizoglossum elingue N.E.Br. subsp. purpureum Kupicha, indigenous
Schizoglossum eustegioides (E.Mey.) Druce, endemic
Schizoglossum filiforme (E.Mey.) Druce, accepted as Gomphocarpus filiformis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. indigenous
Schizoglossum flavum Schltr. endemic
Schizoglossum garcianum Schltr. indigenous
Schizoglossum hamatum E.Mey. endemic
Schizoglossum hilliardiae Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum ingomense N.E.Br. endemic
Schizoglossum linifolium Schltr. indigenous
Schizoglossum linifolium Schltr. var. centrirostratum N.E.Br. endemic
Schizoglossum linifolium Schltr. var. linifolium, indigenous
Schizoglossum montanum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Schizoglossum nitidum Schltr. indigenous
Schizoglossum peglerae N.E.Br. endemic
Schizoglossum periglossoides Schltr. endemic
Schizoglossum quadridens N.E.Br. endemic
Schizoglossum rubiginosum Hilliard, endemic
Schizoglossum singulare Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum stenoglossum Schltr. indigenous
Schizoglossum stenoglossum Schltr. subsp. flavum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum stenoglossum Schltr. subsp. latifolium Kupicha, endemic
Schizoglossum stenoglossum Schltr. subsp. stenoglossum, endemic
Schizoglossum umbelluliferum Schltr. accepted as Stenostelma umbelluliferum (Schltr.) Bester & Nicholas, endemic
Schizostephanus
Genus Schizostephanus:
Schizostephanus alatus Hochst. ex K.Schum. indigenous
Secamone
Genus Secamone:
Secamone acutifolia Sond. accepted as Cryptolepis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schltr.
Secamone alpini Schult. indigenous
Secamone delagoensis Schltr. indigenous
Secamone filiformis (L.f.) J.H.Ross, indigenous
Secamone gerrardii Harv. ex Benth. indigenous
Secamone parvifolia (Oliv.) Bullock, indigenous
Secamone zambeziaca Schltr. var. parvifolia N.E.Br. accepted as Secamone parvifolia (Oliv.) Bullock
Sisyranthus
Genus Sisyranthus:
Sisyranthus anceps Schltr. endemic
Sisyranthus barbatus (Turcz.) N.E.Br. endemic
Sisyranthus compactus N.E.Br. endemic
Sisyranthus fanniniae N.E.Br. endemic
Sisyranthus franksiae N.E.Br. endemic
Sisyranthus huttoniae (S.Moore) S.Moore, indigenous
Sisyranthus imberbis Harv. indigenous
Sisyranthus macer (E.Mey.) Schltr. endemic
Sisyranthus randii S.Moore, indigenous
Sisyranthus saundersiae N.E.Br. endemic
Sisyranthus trichostomus K.Schum. endemic
Sisyranthus virgatus E.Mey. indigenous
Sphaerocodon
Genus Sphaerocodon:
Sphaerocodon natalense (Meisn.) Hook.f. indigenous
Stapelia
Genus Stapelia:
Stapelia acuminata Masson, endemic
Stapelia arenosa C.A.Luckh. endemic
Stapelia asterias Masson, accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. hirsuta, endemic
Stapelia barklyi N.E.Br. accepted as Orbea hybrid, present
Stapelia baylissii L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia cactiformis Hook. accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. cactiformis, present
Stapelia caespitosa Masson var. caespitosa, accepted as Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. subsp. caespitosa, present
Stapelia caroli-schmidtii Dinter & A.Berger, accepted as Orbea albocastanea (Marloth) Bruyns
Stapelia cedrimontana Frandsen, endemic
Stapelia clavicorona I.Verd. endemic
Stapelia conspurcata Willd. accepted as Orbea variegata (L.) Haw. present
Stapelia divaricata Masson, endemic
Stapelia engleriana Schltr. endemic
Stapelia erectiflora N.E.Br. indigenous
Stapelia erectiflora N.E.Br. var. erectiflora, endemic
Stapelia erectiflora N.E.Br. var. prostratiflora L.C.Leach, endemic
Stapelia flavopurpurea Marloth, indigenous
Stapelia gariepensis Pillans, accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. gariepensis (Pillans) Bruyns, indigenous
Stapelia gettliffei R.Pott, indigenous
Stapelia gigantea N.E.Br. indigenous
Stapelia glabricaulis N.E.Br. accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. tsomoensis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia glanduliflora Masson, endemic
Stapelia grandiflora Masson, indigenous
Stapelia grandiflora Masson var. conformis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia grandiflora Masson var. grandiflora, indigenous
Stapelia hirsuta L. indigenous
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. gariepensis (Pillans) Bruyns, indigenous
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. hirsuta, indigenous
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. tsomoensis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. vetula (Masson) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia immelmaniae Pillans, accepted as Stapelia paniculata Willd. subsp. paniculata, endemic
Stapelia kougabergensis L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia paniculata Willd. subsp. kougabergensis (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia kwebensis N.E.Br. indigenous
Stapelia leendertziae N.E.Br. indigenous
Stapelia longipedicellata (A.Berger) L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia kwebensis N.E.Br.
Stapelia macowanii N.E.Br. var. conformis (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia grandiflora Masson var. conformis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
Stapelia macowanii N.E.Br. var. macowanii, accepted as Stapelia grandiflora Masson var. conformis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia meintjesii Verd. endemic
Stapelia montana L.C.Leach var. grossa L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia cedrimontana Frandsen, endemic
Stapelia montana L.C.Leach var. montana, accepted as Stapelia cedrimontana Frandsen, endemic
Stapelia obducta L.C.Leach, endemic
Stapelia olivacea N.E.Br. endemic
Stapelia paniculata Willd. indigenous
Stapelia paniculata Willd. subsp. kougabergensis (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia paniculata Willd. subsp. paniculata, endemic
Stapelia paniculata Willd. subsp. scitula (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia peglerae N.E.Br. accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. tsomoensis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia pillansii N.E.Br. var. fontinalis Nel, accepted as Stapelia pillansii N.E.Br. endemic
Stapelia pillansii N.E.Br. var. pillansii, accepted as Stapelia pillansii N.E.Br. endemic
Stapelia praetermissa L.C.Leach var. luteola L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia praetermissa L.C.Leach var. praetermissa, accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia pulvinata Masson, accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. hirsuta, present
Stapelia rubiginosa Nel, endemic
Stapelia rufa Masson, endemic
Stapelia scitula L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia paniculata Willd. subsp. scitula (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia similis N.E.Br. indigenous
Stapelia surrecta N.E.Br. endemic
Stapelia tsomoensis N.E.Br. accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. tsomoensis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapelia unicornis C.A.Luckh. indigenous
Stapelia vetula Masson, accepted as Stapelia hirsuta L. var. vetula (Masson) Bruyns, present
Stapelia villetiae C.A.Luckh. endemic
Stapelia x meintjiesii I.Verd. endemic
Stapeliopsis
Genus Stapeliopsis:
Stapeliopsis breviloba (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
Stapeliopsis cooperi (N.E.Br.) E.Phillips, accepted as Orbea cooperi (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach
Stapeliopsis exasperata (Bruyns) Bruyns, endemic
Stapeliopsis khamiesbergensis Bruyns, endemic
Stapeliopsis neronis Pillans, indigenous
Stapeliopsis pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapeliopsis saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
Stapeliopsis saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. stayneri (M.B.Bayer) Bruyns, accepted as Stapeliopsis stayneri (M.B.Bayer) Bruyns, endemic
Stapeliopsis stayneri (M.B.Bayer) Bruyns, endemic
Stapeliopsis urniflora Lavranos, indigenous
Stenostelma
Genus Stenostelma:
Stenostelma capense Schltr. indigenous
Stenostelma corniculatum (E.Mey.) Bullock, indigenous
Stenostelma eminens (Harv.) Bullock, accepted as Asclepias eminens (Harv.) Schltr. present
Stenostelma umbelluliferum (Schltr.) Bester & Nicholas, endemic
Stomatostemma
Genus Stomatostemma:
Stomatostemma monteiroae (Oliv.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Strophanthus
Genus Strophanthus:
Strophanthus gerrardii Stapf, indigenous
Strophanthus kombe Oliv. indigenous
Strophanthus luteolus Codd, indigenous
Strophanthus petersianus Klotzsch, indigenous
Strophanthus speciosus (Ward & Harv.) Reber, indigenous
Tabernaemontana
Genus Tabernaemontana:
Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf, indigenous
Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC. indigenous
Tacazzea
Genus Tacazzea:
Tacazzea apiculata Oliv. indigenous
Tacazzea natalensis (Schltr.) N.E.Br. accepted as Petopentia natalensis (Schltr.) Bullock, indigenous
Tavaresia
Genus Tavaresia:
Tavaresia barklyi (Dyer) N.E.Br. indigenous
Tavaresia grandiflora (Dinter) A.Berger, accepted as Tavaresia barklyi (Dyer) N.E.Br. present
Tavaresia meintjesii R.A.Dyer, indigenous
Telosma
Genus Telosma:
Telosma africana (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Tenaris
Genus Tenaris:
Tenaris chlorantha Schltr. accepted as Brachystelma chloranthum (Schltr.) Peckover, present
Tenaris christianeae (Peckover) J.Victor & Nicholas, accepted as Brachystelma christianeae Peckover, present
Tenaris filifolia N.E.Br. accepted as Brachystelma filifolium (N.E.Br.) Peckover, present
Tenaris rubella E.Mey. accepted as Brachystelma rubellum (E.Mey.) Peckover, present
Tenaris schultzei (Schltr.) E.Phillips, accepted as Brachystelma schultzei (Schltr.) Bruyns
Thevetia
Genus Thevetia:
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. accepted as Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Trachycalymma
Genus Trachycalymma:
Trachycalymma cucullatum (Schltr.) Bullock, accepted as Asclepias cucullata (Schltr.) Schltr. subsp. cucullata, present
Trichocaulon
Genus Trichocaulon:
Trichocaulon alstonii N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia alstonii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon annulatum N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. annulata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, present
Trichocaulon cactiforme (Hook.) N.E.Br. accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. cactiformis, present
Trichocaulon cinereum Pillans, accepted as Larryleachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon delaetianum Dinter, accepted as Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. delaetiana (Dinter) Bruyns
Trichocaulon dinteri A.Berger, accepted as Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes
Trichocaulon engleri Dinter, accepted as Larryleachia meloformis (Marloth) Plowes
Trichocaulon felinum D.T.Cole, accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. felina (D.T.Cole) Bruyns, present
Trichocaulon flavum N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia flava (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon grande N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia grandis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon halenbergense Dinter, accepted as Hoodia alstonii (N.E.Br.) Plowes
Trichocaulon keetmanshoopense Dinter, accepted as Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes
Trichocaulon kubusense Nel, accepted as Larryleachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon marlothii N.E.Br. accepted as Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon meloforme Marloth, accepted as Larryleachia meloformis (Marloth) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon officinale N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. officinalis, present
Trichocaulon pedicellatum Schinz, accepted as Hoodia pedicellata (Schinz) Plowes
Trichocaulon perlatum Dinter, accepted as Larryleachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes
Trichocaulon pictum N.E.Br. accepted as Larryleachia picta (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon piliferum (L.f.) N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. pilifera, present
Trichocaulon pillansii N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia grandis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, present
Trichocaulon pubiflorum Dinter, accepted as Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. officinalis
Trichocaulon rusticum N.E.Br. accepted as Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. officinalis, present
Trichocaulon simile N.E.Br. accepted as Larryleachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes var. cactiformis, present
Trichocaulon sinus-luederitzii Dinter, accepted as Larryleachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes
Trichocaulon sociarum A.C.White & B.Sloane, accepted as Larryleachia sociarum (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Plowes
Trichocaulon triebneri Nel, accepted as Hoodia triebneri (Nel) Bruyns
Trichocaulon truncatum Pillans, accepted as Larryleachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes, present
Tridentea
Genus Tridentea:
Tridentea aperta (Masson) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche aperta (Masson) Bruyns, present
Tridentea baylissii (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach var. baylissii, accepted as Tromotriche baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, present
Tridentea baylissii (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach var. ciliata L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, present
Tridentea choanantha (Lavranos & H.Hall) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche choanantha (Lavranos & H.Hall) Bruyns, present
Tridentea dwequensis (C.A.Luckh.) L.C.Leach, endemic
Tridentea gemmiflora (Masson) Haw. indigenous
Tridentea herrei (Nel) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche herrei (Nel) Bruyns, present
Tridentea jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Tridentea jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. cincta (Marloth) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tridentea jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, present
Tridentea jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. dinter (A.Berger) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tridentea jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach
Tridentea longii (C.A.Luckh.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Orbea longii (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, present
Tridentea longipes (C.A.Luckh.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche pedunculata (Masson) Bruyns subsp. longipes (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, present
Tridentea marientalensis (Nel) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Tridentea marientalensis (Nel) L.C.Leach subsp. marientalensis, indigenous
Tridentea pachyrrhiza (Dinter) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Tridentea parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Tridentea parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. parvipuncta, endemic
Tridentea parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. truncata (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
Tridentea parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. truncata (C.A.Luckh.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tridentea parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. truncata (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, present
Tridentea peculiaris (C.A.Luckh.) L.C.Leach, endemic
Tridentea pedunculata (Masson) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche pedunculata (Masson) Bruyns subsp. pedunculata, present
Tridentea ruschiana (Dinter) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche ruschiana (Dinter) Bruyns
Tridentea umdausensis (Nel) L.C.Leach, accepted as Tromotriche umdausensis (Nel) Bruyns, present
Tridentea virescens (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach, indigenous
Tromotriche
Genus Tromotriche:
Tromotriche aperta (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
Tromotriche baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns, endemic
Tromotriche choanantha (Lavranos & H.Hall) Bruyns, endemic
Tromotriche engleriana (Schltr.) L.C.Leach, accepted as Stapelia engleriana Schltr. present
Tromotriche herrei (Nel) Bruyns, endemic
Tromotriche longii (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Orbea longii (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
Tromotriche longipes (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Tromotriche pedunculata (Masson) Bruyns subsp. longipes (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, indigenous
Tromotriche pedunculata (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
Tromotriche pedunculata (Masson) Bruyns subsp. longipes (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, indigenous
Tromotriche pedunculata (Masson) Bruyns subsp. pedunculata, indigenous
Tromotriche revoluta (Masson) Haw. endemic
Tromotriche thudichumii (Pillans) L.C.Leach, endemic
Tromotriche umdausensis (Nel) Bruyns, indigenous
Tylophora
Genus Tylophora, now included in Vincetoxicum:
Tylophora anomala, syn. of Vincetoxicum anomalum (N.E.Br.) Meve & Liede, endemic
Tylophora badia, syn. of Vincetoxicum badium (E.Mey.) Meve & Liede, indigenous
Tylophora coddii, syn. of Vincetoxicum coddii (Bullock) Meve & Liede, endemic
Tylophora cordata, syn. of Vincetoxicum cordatum (R.Br. ex Schult.) Meve & Liede, endemic
Tylophora flanaganii, syn. of Vincetoxicum flanaganii (Schltr.) Meve & Liede, endemic
Tylophora lycioides, syn. of Vincetoxicum lycioides (E.Mey.) Kuntze, indigenous
Tylophora simiana, syn. of Vincetoxicum simianum (Schltr.) Meve & Liede, endemic
Tylophora umbellata, syn. of Vincetoxicum umbelliferum Meve & Liede, endemic
Vinca
Genus Vinca:
Vinca major L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Vinca minor L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Voacanga
Genus Voacanga:
Voacanga thouarsii Roem. & Schult. indigenous
Woodia
Genus Woodia:
Woodia mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. endemic
Woodia mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. mucronata, accepted as Woodia mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. present
Woodia mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. trifurcata (Schltr.) N.E.Br. accepted as Woodia mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. present
Woodia singularis N.E.Br. indigenous
Woodia verruculosa Schltr. endemic
Wrightia
Genus Wrightia:
Wrightia natalensis Stapf, indigenous
Xysmalobium
Genus Xysmalobium:
Xysmalobium acerateoides (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Xysmalobium asperum N.E.Br. indigenous
Xysmalobium baurii N.E.Br. endemic
Xysmalobium brownianum S.Moore, indigenous
Xysmalobium carinatum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. endemic
Xysmalobium confusum Scott-Elliot, indigenous
Xysmalobium fluviale Bruyns, endemic
Xysmalobium gerrardii Scott-Elliot, endemic
Xysmalobium gomphocarpoides (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. indigenous
Xysmalobium gomphocarpoides (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. var. gomphocarpoides, endemic
Xysmalobium gomphocarpoides (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. var. parvilobum Bruyns, endemic
Xysmalobium involucratum (E.Mey.) Decne. indigenous
Xysmalobium orbiculare (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. indigenous
Xysmalobium parviflorum Harv. ex Scott-Elliot, indigenous
Xysmalobium pearsonii L.Bolus, endemic
Xysmalobium pedifoetidum Bester & Nicholas, indigenous
Xysmalobium prunelloides Turcz. endemic
Xysmalobium stockenstromense Scott-Elliot, indigenous
Xysmalobium trauseldii R.A.Dyer, accepted as Xysmalobium woodii N.E.Br. present
Xysmalobium tysonianum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. indigenous
Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) Aiton f. indigenous
Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) Aiton f. var. ensifolium Burch. ex Scott-Elliot, indigenous
Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) Aiton f. var. undulatum, indigenous
Xysmalobium winterbergense N.E.Br. endemic
Xysmalobium woodii N.E.Br. indigenous
Xysmalobium zeyheri N.E.Br. endemic
Hybrids
X Hoodiapelia beukmanii (C.A.Luckh.) G.D.Rowley, endemic
X Hoodiopsis triebneri C.A.Luckh. indigenous
References
South African plant biodiversity lists
Apocynaceae |
Stichopogon colei is a species of robber flies, insects in the family Asilidae.
References
Asilidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1934 |
Mangkunegara VI (1 March 1857 – 25 June 1928) was the prince of Mangkunegaran from 1896 to 1916.
Biography
Early life
Born in the Mangkunegaran Palace, Mangkunegara was born as R.M. Suyitno. He was the fourth son of Mangkunegara IV and Raden Ayu Dunuk. As an adult he took the name K.P.A. Dayaningrat. The younger brother of the fifth Mangkunegara. When Mangkunegara V died after falling from a horse, his throne was taken by his brother.
Reign
Mangkunegara VI was crowned on 21 November 1896. He prioritized economic development. When an economic crash came because the price of sugar fell due to emerging competition from Brazil, he adjusted and repaid much of the debt incurred under his predecessor. He also enacted a number of cultural policies, obliging men to cut their long hair and made saluting unnecessary. He also brought tables and chairs into meetings that had previously been conducted sitting on the floor and allowed the people to embrace Christianity. He made the Mangkunegara Sultanate an independent power parallel to the Surakarta Sunanate. Mangkunegara VI became a new competitor in the fight over Kasunanan Javanese culture.
Economics
Mangkunegara focused on traditional sectors of rural economy, modernizing coffee, indigo, sugar cane and sugar production in the Praja.
At one point, Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij, a Dutch private railroad company was foreclosed for failure to pay taxes.
Policy
The Praja policy was applied to allow the monarchy to act as both ruler and merchant. The policy was later adopted by Kasunanan Surakarta and Yogyakarta Sultanate. Traditional land holdings were overturned and turned over to plantations.
The Legiun Mangkunegaran was reorganized. Commander Major Mangkunegaran was given the rank of Colonel. Mangkunegara VI removed the position of Vice Commander for budget reasons.
Regional security
During his reign, bandits operating around Mangkunegaran increased their activities. Budget limitations kept the King from actively dealing with them. The Praja Police were responsible for security. The gangs looted and committed murder and rape.
Along the border with Surakarta, Mangkunegara VI had conflicts with Resident of Surakarta.
Java's expansion began in 1830 with the proliferation of plantations. The gangs were disappointed in the kingdom. Robber refers to those who forcibly plundered victims, while plaster refers to robbers who were relatively inactive.
In 1872 the region recorded 24 events conducted by robbers and plasters. On 15 November 1883 robbers killed a woman in the village of Kretek Jacks, Sragen.
Abdication
Mangkunegara VI had two children; K.P.A. Suyono
Handayaningrat and B.R.Ay. Suwasti Hatmosurono. Mangkunegara VI wished to make his son the crown prince, he was vetoed by a group of relatives and the Dutch Colonial government. Mangkunegara VI eventually abdicated and settled in Surabaya.
Mangkunegara VI is the only king of Mangkunegaran who resigned of his own free will. In testimony Partini Mangkunegara VI said that on 11
January 1916 he quietly resigned and went with the whole family to Surabaya.
In Surabaya his son and daughter KPA Suyono Handayaningrat and RMP Hatmosurono were active in the movement of Budi Utomo and together with Dr. Sutomo founded the political party named Parindra.
When Mangkunegara VI died he was buried in Astana Utoro Nayu Surakarta. His nephew RMA Suryasuparta reigned next as Mangkunegara VII. Mangkunegara VI chose Surabaya as a place in the old days to prepare his son and daughter to continue the concept of state that can not be implemented through a Duchy.
Work achievement
Mangkunegara VI's accomplishments included:
Mangkunegara VI Praja reform that reduced the debt to Netherlands. Increased economic stability that improved living standards.
Legion Mangkunegaran rebuilt strength.
Pluralism that allowed relatives who later embraced Christianity to prosper under Mangkunegara VI.
Reintroduced Java management principles in dealing with his father and Praja slump.
Enforcement of financial Mangkunegara Mangkunegaran dynasty
Created art with a puppet through without distortion story content.
Opposed worship at the shrine that became venues for prostitution, which flourished at that time.
Heritage Mangkunegara VI
In his reign, give relic Mangkunegara VI which until now frequently visited by the tourist is Sapta Tirta. Sumber water bath in this bath pablengan has seven kinds of natural resources which were located very close together, namely: Warm Water, Cold Water, Living Water, Water Off, Soda water, water Bleng, and water Mind your Mind.
Notes
References
Gema Edisi Yubileum HIK Yogyakarta 60 tahun, Juli 1987, dalam:Media Komunikasi Keluarga Ex-HIK Yogyakarta, 1987.
Damar Pustaka, Sufism in Javanese spiritual life; Literary Study based on Serat Wedhatama written by K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunegara IV.
Haryanto, S.,Pratiwimba adhiluhung;Sejarah dan Perkembangan Wayang,Jakarta :Djambatan, 1988
Soetomo(Raden),Paul W.Van der Veur,Kenang-kenangan Dokter Soetomo,Jakarta:Sinar Harapan, 1984.
Samad, Bahrin, Suka duka pelajar Indonesia di Jepang sekitar Perang Pasifik, 1942–1945,Collection of accounts of Indonesian alumni from Japanese universities, 1942–1945.
Ktut Sudiri Panyarikan,Dr. Saharjo, S.H., Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional, 1983.
The Journal of Asian studies, Volume 47, Association for Asian Studies, 1988.
Sutan takdir Alisyahbana, Achdiad Kartamiharja,Polemik kebudayaan: pergulatan pemikiran terbesar dalam sejarah kebangsaan, JAKARTA: PT Balai Pustaka, 2008.
Wasino, Kapitalisme bumi putra: perubahan masyarakat Mangkunegaran, Yogyakarta:LKIS, 2008.
Suara Merdeka, Semarang, 4 November 2009.
Pranoto, W. Suhartono, Bandit-Bandit Pedesaan di Jawa, study historis 1850–1942, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2010.
Suryo Danisworo,Hendri Tanjung, Membuat Tempat Kerja Feel at Home: 7 Prinsip Suryo Management, Jakarta : GRASINDO, 2004.
Denys Lombard, Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1996.
Penguasa Sebagai Pengusaha, TEMPO, 16 Mei 1987.
Dwipayana, Ari, AAG.,Bangsawan dan Kuasa;Kembalinya Para Ningrat di Dua Kota,Yogyakarta: IRE PRESS, 2004.
Singgih,Pamoentjak,Roswitha,Partini: Tulisan Kehidupan Seorang Putri Mangkunegaran, berdasarkan cerita Partini,Jakarta:Djambatan, 1986.
Sumarni,Sri,Nanik,Mangkunagaran WirengDance 1757—1987:A Historical Study www.j-armonia.com
Heritage of Java; http://heritageofjava.com
Suara Merdeka - Semarang: Rabu, 18 September 2002
Princes of Mangkunegaran
1857 births
1916 deaths
People from Surakarta |
The conservation and restoration of lacquerware prevents and mitigates deterioration or damage to objects made with lacquer. The two main types of lacquer are Asian, made with sap from the Urushi tree, and European, made with a variety of shellac and natural resins. Lacquer can be damaged by age, light, water, temperature, or damaged substrate.
Conservation treatments include dry cleaning, wet cleaning, consolidation and filling losses. Eastern cultures use Asian lacquer to repair damages and fill and consolidate losses. Western cultures typically use alternate materials that can be reversed with minimal risk to the original object.
Production and history of lacquer
Lacquer is a type of varnish or surface coating, which is diluted with solvent and applied in several coats to seal a substrate, hardening via a chemical reaction to create a seal. There are two main categories of lacquer: Asian lacquer and European lacquer.
Asian lacquer
Traditional Asian lacquer has been used for centuries and is derived from sap, prominently that from the Urushi tree; part of the sumac family grown throughout Japan, China and Korea. Sap from the tree contains a chemical compound called urishiol that hardens when exposed to humidity. The sap is processed to remove impurities. The production of lacquerware involves a process of applying a ground layer, oftentimes lacquer mixed with other substances such as clay or a layer of fabric, followed by many very thin layers of processed lacquer to a substrate, typically wood, and allowing them to dry completely, then curing and polishing.
European lacquer
Developed in the 17th century, European Lacquerware, or Japanning, was influenced by the import of Asian lacquerware. Japanned objects are made with a variety of shellac and natural resins.
Agents of deterioration
Age
When it is produced, lacquer is a very durable substance, both waterproof and insoluble. With age, lacquer can begin to break down and deteriorate.
Light
Lacquerware is very sensitive to exposure to light, which causes photodegradation, fading and discoloration.
Water
Photodegraded lacquer is extremely sensitive to humidity and water. Exposure to water and other polar solvents can cause blanching, whitening of the surface from the formation of salts.
Temperature
High temperatures along with moisture can cause thermochromatic change to the lacquer surface.
Damage to the substrate
The supporting structure can be damaged or lost from the effects of expanding and contracting in changing environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, from pest damage, or deterioration from age. The damaged support may cause warping, lifting or cracking of the lacquer coating.
Previous restoration
Previous restoration such as fills and overpainting can degrade and potentially damage original surfaces over time.
Conservation
Preventive conservation
Preventive conservation measures can be used to avert damage to lacquerware caused by deterioration. Preventive methods may include limiting exposure to light to a maximum of 40 years at 100 lux or 80 years at 50 lux, maintaining stable temperature and humidity levels, using safe and proper art handling with gloves and proper art storage, per current professional museum standards such as those from the American Alliance of Museums.
Conservation treatment
Conservation treatment methods vary depending on the individual object and the materials used in its production. Asian lacquer and European lacquer have different chemical properties, and therefore require different materials and techniques for treatment. Prior to conservation treatment, conservators and conservation scientists analyze and document the properties of the work to determine the best methods and materials for its treatment. Professional conservators use codes of ethics for best practices, such as those from the American Institute for Conservation.
Eastern and Western techniques
Different conservation techniques are used to conserve Asian lacquerware in Eastern and Western cultures. Traditionally, Eastern cultures use Asian lacquer to repair damages and fill and consolidate losses. Asian lacquer is toxic and requires training and expertise to use. The material is also not easily reversible nor readily available to attain for conservation use. Western cultures, less familiar with the techniques of producing, applying or curing lacquer, typically use alternate materials for conservation treatment, particularly those that can be reversed with minimal risk to the original object.
Dry cleaning
Dry cleaning is the process of removing dirt and grime from the surface of the object without the use of solvents. Tools used for dry cleaning of lacquerware can include soft brushes, microfiber cloths, cotton swabs, and fine-celled absorbent sponges.
Wet cleaning
Wet cleaning is the process of further removal of dirt, grime and residue from the surface of the object that is not successfully removed by dry cleaning. Testing of various solvents should be done prior to wet cleaning the surface of the object in order to prevent possible damage to or removal of the original lacquer surface. Aqueous solvents with different pH levels will have varying levels of success in the removal of dirt and grime from the surface of the lacquer, and have various levels of risk of damaging the surface. This also depends on the condition of the object prior to cleaning. Nonpolar solvents are less likely to damage surfaces that have been photodegraded.
Consolidation
Consolidation is the process of stabilizing lifting and cracked areas of lacquer to minimize further damage and loss. Consolidants used can include Asian lacquer or other synthetic or organic adhesives such as animal glue or Paraloid B-72. Adhesives can be thinned with solvents in order to be wicked beneath layers of lifting lacquer or into cracks and allowed to dry while securing the loose area in place.
Filling losses
Different types of fill materials are used for European and Asian lacquerware. Losses caused by damage to the lacquer surface can be structural or aesthetic. Losses should only be filled if the surrounding areas are stable, without potential of damage from the fill material. Trained Eastern conservators may choose to use Asian Lacquer as a fill for losses, while Western conservators may use alternate materials such as waxes, polyester resins and epoxy resins. Completed fills can then be inpainted to match the surrounding lacquer surface.
Online resources and case studies
Online resources
Case studies
References
External links
"Conservation of Japanese lacquer in Western collections – conserving". www.academia.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
Weintraub, S., Tsujimoto, K., & Sadae Y. Walters. (1979). Urushi and Conservation: The Use of Japanese Lacquer in the Restoration of Japanese Art. Ars Orientalis, 11, 39–62. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4629296
Quin, John J. Urushi: The Technology of Japanese Lacquer. Portland, Or.: Caber, 1995.
Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
Lacquerware |
The Bewani Mountains form a mountain range in northwestern Papua New Guinea. Together with the Torricelli Mountains and Prince Alexander Mountains it forms the North Coastal Range of Papua New Guinea. The highest point of the mountains is at 1,960 m.
The Bewani languages and various other Papuan languages are spoken in the region.
Geology
The Bewani-Torricelli-Prince Alexander Mountains, are presumed to have been formed as an island arc in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene.
Ecology
As with other mountain ranges in Papua New Guinea, the Bewani Mountains are home to many rare species of fauna and flora and is highly biodiverse. The black sicklebill (Epimachus fastuosus) is a threatened species which is known from a few localities in the Bewani and Torricelli mountains. Fiwo, a subspecies of the tenkile (Dendrolagus scottae) tree-kangaroo, is thought to be endemic to the Bewani Mountains. Two frog species described in 2000/2001, Cophixalus bewaniensis and Choerophryne longirostris, are so far only known from the Bewani Mountains.
See also
Bewani Range languages
Bewani River
Bewani-Wutung Onei Rural LLG
References
External links
Mountain ranges of Papua New Guinea
Eocene Oceania
Oligocene Oceania
Paleogene Oceania |
Upper Toklat Ranger Station No. 24, also known as the Upper Toklat River Cabin is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. The cabin is now part of a network of shelters for patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1930. The cabin is one of five cabins originally built by the Alaska Road Commission to provide shelter to crews working on park roads. The Upper Toklat River cabin is centrally located and was a distribution point for supplies.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Denali Borough, Alaska
Ranger stations in Denali National Park and Preserve
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Log cabins in the United States
Rustic architecture in Alaska
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Denali Borough, Alaska
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
1930 establishments in Alaska
National Register of Historic Places in Denali National Park and Preserve |
```go
// Code generated by smithy-go-codegen DO NOT EDIT.
package ec2
import (
"context"
"fmt"
awsmiddleware "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/middleware"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ec2/types"
"github.com/aws/smithy-go/middleware"
smithyhttp "github.com/aws/smithy-go/transport/http"
)
// Modifies the specified Amazon Web Services Verified Access group policy.
func (c *Client) ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy(ctx context.Context, params *ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyInput, optFns ...func(*Options)) (*ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyOutput, error) {
if params == nil {
params = &ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyInput{}
}
result, metadata, err := c.invokeOperation(ctx, "ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy", params, optFns, c.addOperationModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyMiddlewares)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
out := result.(*ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyOutput)
out.ResultMetadata = metadata
return out, nil
}
type ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyInput struct {
// The ID of the Verified Access group.
//
// This member is required.
VerifiedAccessGroupId *string
// A unique, case-sensitive token that you provide to ensure idempotency of your
// modification request. For more information, see [Ensuring idempotency].
//
// [Ensuring idempotency]: path_to_url
ClientToken *string
// Checks whether you have the required permissions for the action, without
// actually making the request, and provides an error response. If you have the
// required permissions, the error response is DryRunOperation . Otherwise, it is
// UnauthorizedOperation .
DryRun *bool
// The Verified Access policy document.
PolicyDocument *string
// The status of the Verified Access policy.
PolicyEnabled *bool
// The options for server side encryption.
SseSpecification *types.VerifiedAccessSseSpecificationRequest
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
type ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyOutput struct {
// The Verified Access policy document.
PolicyDocument *string
// The status of the Verified Access policy.
PolicyEnabled *bool
// The options in use for server side encryption.
SseSpecification *types.VerifiedAccessSseSpecificationResponse
// Metadata pertaining to the operation's result.
ResultMetadata middleware.Metadata
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
func (c *Client) addOperationModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyMiddlewares(stack *middleware.Stack, options Options) (err error) {
if err := stack.Serialize.Add(&setOperationInputMiddleware{}, middleware.After); err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Serialize.Add(&awsEc2query_serializeOpModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Deserialize.Add(&awsEc2query_deserializeOpModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := addProtocolFinalizerMiddlewares(stack, options, "ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy"); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("add protocol finalizers: %v", err)
}
if err = addlegacyEndpointContextSetter(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLoggerMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientRequestID(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputeContentLength(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResolveEndpointMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputePayloadSHA256(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRetry(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRawResponseToMetadata(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecordResponseTiming(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientUserAgent(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddErrorCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLegacyContextSigningOptionsMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addTimeOffsetBuild(stack, c); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addUserAgentRetryMode(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addIdempotencyToken_opModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addOpModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyValidationMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = stack.Initialize.Add(newServiceMetadataMiddleware_opModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy(options.Region), middleware.Before); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecursionDetection(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestIDRetrieverMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResponseErrorMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestResponseLogging(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addDisableHTTPSMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
type idempotencyToken_initializeOpModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy struct {
tokenProvider IdempotencyTokenProvider
}
func (*idempotencyToken_initializeOpModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy) ID() string {
return "OperationIdempotencyTokenAutoFill"
}
func (m *idempotencyToken_initializeOpModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy) HandleInitialize(ctx context.Context, in middleware.InitializeInput, next middleware.InitializeHandler) (
out middleware.InitializeOutput, metadata middleware.Metadata, err error,
) {
if m.tokenProvider == nil {
return next.HandleInitialize(ctx, in)
}
input, ok := in.Parameters.(*ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyInput)
if !ok {
return out, metadata, fmt.Errorf("expected middleware input to be of type *ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyInput ")
}
if input.ClientToken == nil {
t, err := m.tokenProvider.GetIdempotencyToken()
if err != nil {
return out, metadata, err
}
input.ClientToken = &t
}
return next.HandleInitialize(ctx, in)
}
func addIdempotencyToken_opModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicyMiddleware(stack *middleware.Stack, cfg Options) error {
return stack.Initialize.Add(&idempotencyToken_initializeOpModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy{tokenProvider: cfg.IdempotencyTokenProvider}, middleware.Before)
}
func newServiceMetadataMiddleware_opModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy(region string) *awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata {
return &awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata{
Region: region,
ServiceID: ServiceID,
OperationName: "ModifyVerifiedAccessGroupPolicy",
}
}
``` |
Uffheim () is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
References
Communes of Haut-Rhin |
John Kenneth Wilson, (15 October 1890 – 17 August 1949) was a Church of England priest and former Royal Navy chaplain. He was Chaplain of the Fleet, Director General of the Naval Chaplaincy Service and Archdeacon for the Royal Navy from 1943 to 1947.
He was educated at St Paul's School, London and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. After a curacy at St Michael at Bowes, London he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1917 to 1920. He was then at Newton Nottage from 1920 to 1926; then St James, Portsmouth until 1928. He then served as a Naval Chaplain until 1947.
Footnotes
1890 births
1949 deaths
20th-century English Anglican priests
Chaplains of the Fleet
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire |
```c
/*
NitroHax -- Cheat tool for the Nintendo DS
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
#include <string.h>
#include <nds/ndstypes.h>
#include <nds/arm9/exceptions.h>
#include <nds/arm9/cache.h>
#include <nds/bios.h>
#include <nds/system.h>
#include <nds/dma.h>
#include <nds/interrupts.h>
#include <nds/ipc.h>
#include <nds/timers.h>
#include <nds/fifomessages.h>
#include <nds/memory.h> // tNDSHeader
#include "module_params.h"
#include "ndma.h"
#include "tonccpy.h"
#include "hex.h"
#include "igm_text.h"
#include "nds_header.h"
#include "cardengine.h"
#include "locations.h"
#include "cardengine_header_arm9.h"
#include "unpatched_funcs.h"
#define ROMinRAM BIT(1)
#define isSdk5 BIT(5)
#define cacheFlushFlag BIT(7)
#define cardReadFix BIT(8)
#define cacheDisabled BIT(9)
//#ifdef DLDI
#include "my_fat.h"
#include "card.h"
//#endif
extern cardengineArm9* volatile ce9;
extern vu32* volatile sharedAddr;
extern tNDSHeader* ndsHeader;
extern aFile* romFile;
extern u32 cacheDescriptor[];
extern int cacheCounter[];
extern int accessCounter;
extern int romMapLines;
extern u32 romMap[4][3];
extern void callEndReadDmaThumb(void);
extern void disableIrqMask(u32 mask);
bool isDma = false;
bool dmaOn = true;
bool dmaDirectRead = false;
#ifndef TWLSDK
static bool dataSplit = false;
void endCardReadDma() {
if (dmaDirectRead && dmaOn && (ndmaBusy(0) || (dataSplit && ndmaBusy(1)))) {
IPC_SendSync(0x3);
return;
}
if (ce9->patches->cardEndReadDmaRef) {
VoidFn cardEndReadDmaRef = (VoidFn)ce9->patches->cardEndReadDmaRef;
(*cardEndReadDmaRef)();
} else if (ce9->thumbPatches->cardEndReadDmaRef) {
callEndReadDmaThumb();
}
}
#endif
extern bool IPC_SYNC_hooked;
extern void hookIPC_SYNC(void);
extern void enableIPC_SYNC(void);
#ifndef DLDI
#ifdef ASYNCPF
static u32 asyncSector = 0;
//static u32 asyncQueue[5];
//static int aQHead = 0;
//static int aQTail = 0;
//static int aQSize = 0;
#endif
bool dmaReadOnArm7 = false;
bool dmaReadOnArm9 = false;
extern int allocateCacheSlot(void);
extern int getSlotForSector(u32 sector);
//extern int getSlotForSectorManual(int i, u32 sector);
extern vu8* getCacheAddress(int slot);
extern void updateDescriptor(int slot, u32 sector);
/*#ifdef ASYNCPF
void addToAsyncQueue(sector) {
asyncQueue[aQHead] = sector;
aQHead++;
aQSize++;
if(aQHead>4) {
aQHead=0;
}
if(aQSize>5) {
aQSize=5;
aQTail++;
if(aQTail>4) aQTail=0;
}
}
u32 popFromAsyncQueueHead() {
if(aQSize>0) {
aQHead--;
if(aQHead == -1) aQHead = 4;
aQSize--;
return asyncQueue[aQHead];
} else return 0;
}
#endif*/
#ifdef ASYNCPF
static void waitForArm7(bool ipc) {
extern void sleepMs(int ms);
if (!ipc) {
IPC_SendSync(0x4);
}
while (sharedAddr[3] != (vu32)0) {
if (ipc) {
IPC_SendSync(0x4);
sleepMs(1);
}
}
}
void triggerAsyncPrefetch(sector) {
if(asyncSector == 0) {
int slot = getSlotForSector(sector);
// read max 32k via the WRAM cache
// do it only if there is no async command ongoing
if(slot==-1) {
//addToAsyncQueue(sector);
// send a command to the arm7 to fill the main RAM cache
u32 commandRead = (isDma ? 0x020FF80A : 0x020FF808);
slot = allocateCacheSlot();
vu8* buffer = getCacheAddress(slot);
cacheDescriptor[slot] = sector;
cacheCounter[slot] = 0x0FFFFFFF; // async marker
asyncSector = sector;
// write the command
sharedAddr[0] = buffer;
sharedAddr[1] = ce9->cacheBlockSize;
sharedAddr[2] = sector;
sharedAddr[3] = commandRead;
IPC_SendSync(0x4);
// do it asynchronously
/*waitForArm7();*/
}
}
}
void processAsyncCommand() {
if(asyncSector != 0) {
int slot = getSlotForSector(asyncSector);
if(slot!=-1 && cacheCounter[slot] == 0x0FFFFFFF) {
// get back the data from arm7
if(sharedAddr[3] == (vu32)0) {
updateDescriptor(slot, asyncSector);
asyncSector = 0;
}
}
}
}
void getAsyncSector() {
if(asyncSector != 0) {
int slot = getSlotForSector(asyncSector);
if(slot!=-1 && cacheCounter[slot] == 0x0FFFFFFF) {
// get back the data from arm7
waitForArm7(true);
updateDescriptor(slot, asyncSector);
asyncSector = 0;
}
}
}
#endif
static inline bool checkArm7(void) {
IPC_SendSync(0x4);
return (sharedAddr[3] == (vu32)0);
}
#ifndef TWLSDK
static u32 * dmaParams = NULL;
static int currentLen = 0;
//static int currentSlot = 0;
void continueCardReadDmaArm9() {
if(dmaReadOnArm9) {
if (ndmaBusy(0)) {
IPC_SendSync(0x3);
return;
}
dmaReadOnArm9 = false;
vu32* volatile cardStruct = (vu32*)ce9->cardStruct0;
//u32 dma = cardStruct[3]; // dma channel
u32 commandRead=0x025FFB0A;
u32 src = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[3] : cardStruct[0]);
u8* dst = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? (u8*)(dmaParams[4]) : (u8*)(cardStruct[1]));
u32 len = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[5] : cardStruct[2]);
// Update cardi common
if (ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) {
dmaParams[3] = src + currentLen;
dmaParams[4] = (vu32)(dst + currentLen);
dmaParams[5] = len - currentLen;
} else {
cardStruct[0] = src + currentLen;
cardStruct[1] = (vu32)(dst + currentLen);
cardStruct[2] = len - currentLen;
}
src = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[3] : cardStruct[0]);
dst = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? (u8*)(dmaParams[4]) : (u8*)(cardStruct[1]));
len = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[5] : cardStruct[2]);
u32 sector = (src/ce9->cacheBlockSize)*ce9->cacheBlockSize;
#ifdef ASYNCPF
processAsyncCommand();
#endif
if (len > 0) {
accessCounter++;
// Read via the main RAM cache
//int slot = getSlotForSectorManual(currentSlot+1, sector);
int slot = getSlotForSector(sector);
vu8* buffer = getCacheAddress(slot);
#ifdef ASYNCPF
u32 nextSector = sector+ce9->cacheBlockSize;
#endif
// Read max CACHE_READ_SIZE via the main RAM cache
if (slot == -1) {
#ifdef ASYNCPF
getAsyncSector();
#endif
// Send a command to the ARM7 to fill the RAM cache
slot = allocateCacheSlot();
buffer = getCacheAddress(slot);
//fileRead((char*)buffer, *romFile, sector, ce9->cacheBlockSize);
/*u32 len2 = (src - sector) + len;
u16 readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize;
if (len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize*3 && slot+3 < ce9->cacheSlots) {
readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize*4;
} else if (len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize*2 && slot+2 < ce9->cacheSlots) {
readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize*3;
} else if (len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize && slot+1 < ce9->cacheSlots) {
readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize*2;
}*/
// Write the command
sharedAddr[0] = (vu32)buffer;
sharedAddr[1] = ce9->cacheBlockSize;
sharedAddr[2] = sector;
sharedAddr[3] = commandRead;
dmaReadOnArm7 = true;
IPC_SendSync(0x4);
updateDescriptor(slot, sector);
/*if (readLen >= ce9->cacheBlockSize*2) {
updateDescriptor(slot+1, sector+ce9->cacheBlockSize);
}
if (readLen >= ce9->cacheBlockSize*3) {
updateDescriptor(slot+2, sector+(ce9->cacheBlockSize*2));
}
if (readLen >= ce9->cacheBlockSize*4) {
updateDescriptor(slot+3, sector+(ce9->cacheBlockSize*3));
}
currentSlot = slot;*/
return;
}
#ifdef ASYNCPF
if(cacheCounter[slot] == 0x0FFFFFFF) {
// prefetch successfull
getAsyncSector();
triggerAsyncPrefetch(nextSector);
} else {
int i;
for(i=0; i<5; i++) {
if(asyncQueue[i]==sector) {
// prefetch successfull
triggerAsyncPrefetch(nextSector);
break;
}
}
}
#endif
updateDescriptor(slot, sector);
u32 len2 = len;
if ((src - sector) + len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize) {
len2 = sector - src + ce9->cacheBlockSize;
}
/*if (len2 > 512) {
len2 -= src % 4;
len2 -= len2 % 32;
}*/
// Copy via dma
ndmaCopyWordsAsynch(0, (u8*)buffer+(src-sector), dst, len2);
dmaReadOnArm9 = true;
currentLen = len2;
//currentSlot = slot;
IPC_SendSync(0x3);
} else {
//disableIrqMask(IRQ_DMA0 << dma);
//resetRequestIrqMask(IRQ_DMA0 << dma);
//disableDMA(dma);
isDma = false;
endCardReadDma();
}
}
}
void continueCardReadDmaArm7() {
if(dmaReadOnArm7) {
if(!checkArm7()) return;
dmaReadOnArm7 = false;
vu32* volatile cardStruct = (vu32*)ce9->cardStruct0;
u32 src = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[3] : cardStruct[0]);
u8* dst = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? (u8*)(dmaParams[4]) : (u8*)(cardStruct[1]));
u32 len = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[5] : cardStruct[2]);
/* if ((ce9->valueBits & cacheDisabled) && (u32)dst >= 0x02000000 && (u32)dst < 0x03000000) {
endCardReadDma();
} else { */
u32 sector = (src/ce9->cacheBlockSize)*ce9->cacheBlockSize;
u32 len2 = len;
if ((src - sector) + len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize) {
len2 = sector - src + ce9->cacheBlockSize;
}
/*if (len2 > 512) {
len2 -= src % 4;
len2 -= len2 % 32;
}*/
//vu8* buffer = getCacheAddress(currentSlot);
vu8* buffer = getCacheAddress(getSlotForSector(sector));
// TODO Copy via dma
ndmaCopyWordsAsynch(0, (u8*)buffer+(src-sector), dst, len2);
dmaReadOnArm9 = true;
currentLen = len2;
IPC_SendSync(0x3);
// }
}
}
#endif
void cardSetDma(u32 * params) {
#ifdef TWLSDK
/* u32 src = params[3];
u8* dst = (u8*)params[4];
u32 len = params[5];
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD);
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD_LINE);
cardRead(NULL, dst, src, len);
endCardReadDma(); */
#else
isDma = true;
dmaDirectRead = false;
vu32* cardStruct = (vu32*)ce9->cardStruct0;
if (ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) {
dmaParams = params;
}
u32 src = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[3] : cardStruct[0]);
u8* dst = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? (u8*)(dmaParams[4]) : (u8*)(cardStruct[1]));
u32 len = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dmaParams[5] : cardStruct[2]);
// Simulate ROM mirroring
while (src >= ce9->romPaddingSize) {
src -= ce9->romPaddingSize;
}
if (ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) {
dmaParams[3] = src;
} else {
cardStruct[0] = src;
}
#ifndef TWLSDK
dataSplit = false;
#endif
bool romPart = false;
//int romPartNo = 0;
if (!(ce9->valueBits & ROMinRAM)) {
/*for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
if (ce9->romPartSize[i] == 0) {
break;
}
romPart = (src >= ce9->romPartSrc[i] && src < ce9->romPartSrc[i]+ce9->romPartSize[i]);
if (romPart) {
romPartNo = i;
break;
}
}*/
romPart = (ce9->romPartSize > 0 && src >= ce9->romPartSrc && src < ce9->romPartSrc+ce9->romPartSize);
}
if (dmaOn && ((ce9->valueBits & ROMinRAM) || romPart)) {
dmaDirectRead = true;
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD);
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD_LINE);
enableIPC_SYNC();
// Copy via dma
// ndmaCopyWordsAsynch(0, (u8*)ce9->romLocation/*[romPartNo]*/+src, dst, len);
u32 len2 = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < ce9->romMapLines; i++) {
if (!(src >= ce9->romMap[i][0] && (i == ce9->romMapLines-1 || src < ce9->romMap[i+1][0])))
continue;
u32 newSrc = (ce9->romMap[i][1]-ce9->romMap[i][0])+src;
if (newSrc+len > ce9->romMap[i][2]) {
do {
len--;
len2++;
} while (newSrc+len != ce9->romMap[i][2]);
ndmaCopyWordsAsynch(1, (u8*)newSrc, dst, len);
src += len;
dst += len;
#ifndef TWLSDK
dataSplit = true;
#endif
} else {
ndmaCopyWordsAsynch(0, (u8*)newSrc, dst, len2==0 ? len : len2);
break;
}
}
IPC_SendSync(0x3);
return;
} else if (!dmaOn || ce9->patches->sleepRef || ce9->thumbPatches->sleepRef) {
cardRead(NULL, dst, src, len);
endCardReadDma();
return;
}
#endif
#ifndef TWLSDK
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD);
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD_LINE);
enableIPC_SYNC();
u32 commandRead=0x025FFB0A;
u32 sector = (src/ce9->cacheBlockSize)*ce9->cacheBlockSize;
//u32 page = (src / 512) * 512;
accessCounter++;
#ifdef ASYNCPF
processAsyncCommand();
#endif
/* if ((ce9->valueBits & cacheDisabled) && (u32)dst >= 0x02000000 && (u32)dst < 0x03000000) {
// Write the command
sharedAddr[0] = (vu32)dst;
sharedAddr[1] = len;
sharedAddr[2] = src;
sharedAddr[3] = commandRead;
dmaReadOnArm7 = true;
IPC_SendSync(0x4);
} else { */
// Read via the main RAM cache
int slot = getSlotForSector(sector);
vu8* buffer = getCacheAddress(slot);
#ifdef ASYNCPF
u32 nextSector = sector+ce9->cacheBlockSize;
#endif
// Read max CACHE_READ_SIZE via the main RAM cache
if (slot == -1) {
#ifdef ASYNCPF
getAsyncSector();
#endif
// Send a command to the ARM7 to fill the RAM cache
slot = allocateCacheSlot();
buffer = getCacheAddress(slot);
//fileRead((char*)buffer, *romFile, sector, ce9->cacheBlockSize);
/*u32 len2 = (src - sector) + len;
u16 readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize;
if (len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize*3 && slot+3 < ce9->cacheSlots) {
readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize*4;
} else if (len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize*2 && slot+2 < ce9->cacheSlots) {
readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize*3;
} else if (len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize && slot+1 < ce9->cacheSlots) {
readLen = ce9->cacheBlockSize*2;
}*/
// Write the command
sharedAddr[0] = (vu32)buffer;
sharedAddr[1] = ce9->cacheBlockSize;
sharedAddr[2] = sector;
sharedAddr[3] = commandRead;
dmaReadOnArm7 = true;
IPC_SendSync(0x4);
updateDescriptor(slot, sector);
/*if (readLen >= ce9->cacheBlockSize*2) {
updateDescriptor(slot+1, sector+ce9->cacheBlockSize);
}
if (readLen >= ce9->cacheBlockSize*3) {
updateDescriptor(slot+2, sector+(ce9->cacheBlockSize*2));
}
if (readLen >= ce9->cacheBlockSize*4) {
updateDescriptor(slot+3, sector+(ce9->cacheBlockSize*3));
}
currentSlot = slot;*/
return;
}
#ifdef ASYNCPF
if(cacheCounter[slot] == 0x0FFFFFFF) {
// prefetch successfull
getAsyncSector();
triggerAsyncPrefetch(nextSector);
} else {
int i;
for(i=0; i<5; i++) {
if(asyncQueue[i]==sector) {
// prefetch successfull
triggerAsyncPrefetch(nextSector);
break;
}
}
}
#endif
updateDescriptor(slot, sector);
u32 len2 = len;
if ((src - sector) + len2 > ce9->cacheBlockSize) {
len2 = sector - src + ce9->cacheBlockSize;
}
/*if (len2 > 512) {
len2 -= src % 4;
len2 -= len2 % 32;
}*/
// Copy via dma
ndmaCopyWordsAsynch(0, (u8*)buffer+(src-sector), dst, len2);
dmaReadOnArm9 = true;
currentLen = len2;
//currentSlot = slot;
//fixme: why is this needed to make the function work
//there seems to be some timing issue
swiDelay(1);
IPC_SendSync(0x3);
// }
#endif
}
#else
void cardSetDma(u32 * params) {
#ifdef TWLSDK
/* u32 src = params[3];
u8* dst = (u8*)params[4];
u32 len = params[5]; */
#else
isDma = true;
dmaDirectRead = false;
vu32* volatile cardStruct = (vu32*)ce9->cardStruct0;
u32 src = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? params[3] : cardStruct[0]);
u8* dst = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? (u8*)(params[4]) : (u8*)(cardStruct[1]));
u32 len = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? params[5] : cardStruct[2]);
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD);
disableIrqMask(IRQ_CARD_LINE);
cardRead(NULL, dst, src, len);
endCardReadDma();
#endif
}
#endif
extern bool isNotTcm(u32 address, u32 len);
u32 cardReadDma(u32 dma0, u8* dst0, u32 src0, u32 len0) {
#ifndef TWLSDK
vu32* volatile cardStruct = (vu32*)ce9->cardStruct0;
u32 src = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? src0 : cardStruct[0]);
u8* dst = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dst0 : (u8*)(cardStruct[1]));
u32 len = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? len0 : cardStruct[2]);
u32 dma = ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? dma0 : cardStruct[3]); // dma channel
if(dma >= 0
&& dma <= 3
//&& func != NULL
&& len > 0
&& !(((u32)dst) & ((ce9->valueBits & isSdk5) ? 31 : 3))
&& isNotTcm((u32)dst, len)
// check 512 bytes page alignement
&& !(len & 511)
&& !(src & 511)
) {
isDma = true;
if (ce9->patches->cardEndReadDmaRef || ce9->thumbPatches->cardEndReadDmaRef) {
// new dma method
if (!(ce9->valueBits & isSdk5)) {
cacheFlush();
cardSetDma(NULL);
}
return true;
}
} /*else {
dma=4;
clearIcache();
}*/
#endif
return false;
}
``` |
Voigtstedt () is a village and a former municipality in the district Kyffhäuserkreis, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Artern.
References
Former municipalities in Thuringia
Kyffhäuserkreis |
Ángel "Cachorro" Santiago del Valle (born July 3, 1956 in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican former professional basketball player who played for 24 seasons in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN), competing for various teams, including the Cangrejeros de Santurce, the Guaynabo Mets, the Cardenales de Río Piedras, the Leones de Ponce, the Polluelos de Aibonito, the Brujos de Guayama, and the Capitanes de Arecibo. He won one BSN championship, in 1986, and competed at various international tournaments with the Puerto Rico men's national basketball team, earning medals at some of those tournaments. Santiago won a silver medal at the 1979 Pan American Games, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, with the Puerto Rican men's national basketball squad. He also won a bronze medal at the Pan American Games' 1987 edition.
Professional basketball career
As a 16 year old in early 1973, Santiago was signed by the Cangrejeros de Santurce from Santurce, Puerto Rico, a suburb that lies inside San Juan. He played in 10 games, scoring 25 points, with 11 rebounds and one assist, for per-game totals of 2.5, 1.1 and 0.1, respectively.
Over the next three years, Santiago's averages went steadily up, except for a dip in scoring and rebounding averages in 1976. He scored 8.4 points per game, grabbed 6.0 rebounds per game and passed for 0.2 assists in 1974, scoring 13.4 points per game while recording 7.8 rebounds and 0.4 assists per game in 1975, and 9.8 points, 6.0 rebounds and 0.5 assists per game in 1976.
The Cangrejeros moved to the city of Guaynabo before the 1977 season; Santiago had been joined by another future Puerto Rican league superstar in Mario Morales during the 1974 season; the pair would play together for five years.
The 1977 BSN season began a streak of 17 seasons in a row in which Santiago would average double-figures in scoring, including a stretch, from 1980 to 1989, in which Santiago scored more than 20 points per game during ten straight seasons. During this time, Santiago and Morales, alongside others such as Georgie Torres, Federico Lopez, Angelo Cruz, Ruben Rodriguez, Jerome Mincy, Willie Quinones, Mario Butler, Rolando Frazer, Jose Ortiz, Julio Gallardo and others became well known celebrities in Puerto Rico.
In 1977, Santiago averaged 17.3 points, 7.8 rebounds and 1.3 assists per game in 31 games played with the Mets. He followed that with averages of 18.6, 9.3 and 0.9 in 1978. The 1979 BSN season saw Santiago accumulate 15 points, 7.1 rebounds and 1.4 assists per game for the Guaynabo team. That same year (1979) Santiago earned a silver medal at the 1979 Pan American Games held in San Juan.
Before the 1980 BSN season started, "Cachorro" Santiago was traded to the Cardenales de Rio Piedras, a team in another area of San Juan city, Rio Piedras. The 1980 season began Santiago's streak of ten years in a row in which he scored over 20 points a game, when he scored 25.8, while rebounding 9.4 and assisting 1.7 times a game also. He followed the 1980 season with a 1981 season in which he posted his highest numbers in points per game scored for his career at 28.7 points per game along with posting his first double-figures average in rebounds at 11.1 and assisting 1.4 times a game. During 1982, his numbers were 23.4 points, 9.6 rebounds and 1.1 assist a game.
Santiago was once again traded, before the 1983 season began, to the Ponce Lions, a then struggling team in the southern Puerto Rico city of Ponce. He played with the Lions for two seasons (those being the 1983 and 1984 BSN seasons), again posting stellar per game numbers, at 23.8 points, 8.2 rebounds and 1.9 assists in 1983 and 22.6 points, 8.3 rebounds and 1.3 assists per game in 1984, before, once again, being traded, this time to the Polluelos de Aibonito, in a city just north of Ponce, Aibonito.
Polluelos de Aibonito era
The Polluelos de Aibonito were building a team that would compete for championships during the next few years when Santiago arrived in Aibonito. In 1985, Santiago contributed with 23.8 points, 8.2 rebounds and 2.1 assists a game for the surging, southern Puerto Rican team, where he shared playing responsibilities with Rolando Frazer and Enrique Aponte, among others.
After the 1985 BSN season ended, the Polluelos obtained Criollos de Caguas point-guard Willie Melendez, forming a sort of "big three" tandem in Aibonito which was made up of Santiago, Frazer and Melendez, with Aponte as a major, fourth contributor. The team was now coached by another former member of the Puerto Rico men's national basketball team, Charlie Bermudez. The 1986 Aibonito Polluelos were the first team in the franchise's history to reach the BSN Finals and they won the franchise's first and ultimately, only, national championship by defeating the defending champions, Jose "Piculin" Ortiz, Bobby Rios and their Atleticos de San German in seven games, with a Game Seven final score of 94-92.
The Polluelos aimed at repeating as national champions during the 1987 BSN season; Santiago helped the team with 24.2 points, 8.0 rebounds and 2.3 assists per game. The team returned to the finals that year, but this time, they lost. In another close finals, the Polluelos lost in seven games to the Titanes de Morovis that were led by Wesley Correa and Mario Butler, with a Game Seven score of 100 to 92 in favor of the Titanes.
In 1987, Santiago won his second Pan American Games medal, this time a bronze one.
Santiago continued his prolific production numbers during the 1988 season while the Polluelos once again returned to the BSN playoffs: he collaborated with 25.4 points, 8.5 rebounds and 2.4 assists a game that season.
For 1989, Santiago averaged 24.6 points, 6.9 rebounds and 1.5 assists a game for the Polluelos, who once again were contenders for the BSN championship despite not winning it (Santiago's old teammate, Morales, and team, the Mets, won it instead). 1989 also marked the tenth season in a row in which "Cachorro" Santiago scored 20 or more points a game, and the last season he did so.
Brujos de Guayama, back to the Polluelos
Santiago then played for the Brujos de Guayama, a team that made another southern Puerto Rico city, Guayama, its home-town. He played 21 games for the Brujos, at a time where his age (33-34 years old) was already starting to make an effect on his playing ability and so his scoring average per game lowered to 16.8, while catching 5.9 rebounds and passing for 1.5 assists per game. Santiago was returned to the Polluelos for the last eight games of the 1990 BSN season, and he scored 14.8 points, with 4.8 rebounds and 2.1 assists per game for the Polluelos.
Rest of career
Santiago returned to the Brujos for the 1991 BSN season. He kept his streak of seasons scoring in double-figures on a per-game basis alive, with 14.1 points a game along with 4.5 rebounds and 0.7 assists, but his best years were by now clearly behind him. In 1992, his averages were 14.3 points, 4.5 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game.
Santiago's last season with the Brujos was the 1993 one, during which he scored 7.1 points a game, with 3.1 rebounds and 0.3 assists per game also, after which he retired before the 1994 season, then returning briefly to the Leones de Ponce in 1995. That season (1993) was his first in 18 seasons where his scoring average dipped below 10 points a game.
In 1995, he only played in six games for the Leones, with averages of 5.8 points, 3.0 rebounds and 0.3 assists for the Leones.
Santiago finished his career with the Capitanes of the northern city of Arecibo. He completed a full season of thirty games, averaging 5.0 points, with 2.7 rebounds and 0.5 assists a game in 1996.
Career in review
Santiago was a one time BSN national champion. He was a member of the exclusive, 5,000 points club and of the even more exclusive, 10,000 points club in Puerto Rico, with 11,287 points scored, and he collected 4,447 rebounds and had 778 assists in 617 regular season BSN games played. He was also a dependable three-point shooter, making 35 percent of the three points shots taken during his career, while also making 54 percent of his field goals attempted and 73 percent of his free throws.
His career per-game averages were of 18.3 points, 7.2 rebounds and 1.3 assists a contest.
Hall of Fame
Santiago was elected to the Rio Piedras' sports hall of fame.
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
Jose Alicea Mirabal - who was signed to a BSN team at age 12
Eddie Casiano - who was signed to a BSN team at age 15
References
Living people
1956 births
Sportspeople from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican basketball players
Baloncesto Superior Nacional players
Polluelos de Aibonito players
Brujos de Guayama players
Mets de Guaynabo basketball players |
Suspend and resume may refer to:
Coroutines, computer program components that generalize subroutines for cooperative multitasking, by allowing execution to be suspended and resumed
Hibernation (computing) or Suspend to disk, powering down a computer while retaining its state by saving the contents of its random access memory to a hard disk or other non-volatile storage so that it can be restored when the computer is turned on
Sleep mode or Suspend to RAM, a low power mode for electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices
Suspended game, in baseball, when a game has to be stopped before it can be completed, and the game is meant to be finished at a later time or date
See also
Interrupt
Resumption (disambiguation)
Saved game
Standby (disambiguation)
Suspension (disambiguation) |
Giola Gandini (1906–1941) was an Italian painter.
Biography
Gandini was born on May 19, 1906, in Parma to Ernesto Gandini and Diomira Di Centa of Venice. A childhood bout with polio limited her mobility and contributed to her reclusive lifestyle.
Gandini studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia and at the atelier of the painter Vincenzo De Stefani. Her paintings feature intricate figure studies of women and intimate domestic scenes. Her painting career spanned twelve years from 1929 until her death in 1941. During this time, she participated in many exhibitions, including the Rome Quadriennale of 1935, and the Venice Biennale of 1940.
In October 2014, Gandini's work was featured posthumously in the exhibition Gabriella e le altre: quattro donne in Biennale at the Casa delle Muse in Mirano, Italy. The exhibition also featured work by Gabriella Oreffice, Maria Vinca, and Ernesta Oltremonti and was curated by Patrizia Castagnoli.
In addition to her work as a painter, Gandini was an accomplished pianist. She died September 1941, at the age of 35, in Venice.
Gallery
References
Bibliography
1906 births
1941 deaths
Italian women painters
20th-century Italian painters
20th-century Italian women artists
Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia alumni |
First Methodist Church of Greenwood is a historic church at 310 W. Washington Street in Greenwood, Mississippi.
The Romanesque style building was constructed in 1898 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
References
Methodist churches in Mississippi
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi
Romanesque Revival church buildings in Mississippi
Churches completed in 1898
1898 establishments in Mississippi
National Register of Historic Places in Leflore County, Mississippi |
Lie with Me () is a novel by French writer Philippe Besson. It was published in 2017 to critical acclaim, and became a bestseller in France. It was translated into English by Molly Ringwald under the title Lie with Me and was lauded by English-language reviewers.
Plot
Set in 1984 in rural France, in the small town of Barbezieux, the novel recounts the teenage love affair between the narrator and his schoolmate Thomas Andrieu.
Impact and Adaptations
The novel became a bestseller in France. The novel won the Prix Psychologies du Roman inspiran and the Prix Maison de la Presse. The novel was a finalist for the Prix Orange du Livre.
Besson, in a piece published in January 2020, writes about the significance to him of the novel The Lover by Marguerite Duras.
The novel was adapted in 2022 into a film of the same name, which premiered at the Angoulême Francophone Film Festival on 27 August 2022. It was also adapted into a play performed in January 2023 at the Théâtre de la Tempête in Paris.
References
2010s LGBT novels
2017 French novels
Autofiction
Éditions Julliard books
French LGBT novels
French novels adapted into films
French novels adapted into plays
Novels set in France
Novels with gay themes |
Richie Gilmore (c. 1966) is the Vice President in charge of Racing for Dale Earnhardt, Inc. (DEI).
Background
Gilmore worked at Hendrick Motorsports for eight years. He was hired by DEI to be the team's head engine builder in 1998. He was promoted to his current position by DEI CEO/co-founder Teresa Earnhardt in January 2004 after Ty Norris resigned from the position.
References
External links
nascar.com article announcing Gilmore's promotion at DEI
Interview with Gilmore at nascar.com
1960s births
Living people
NASCAR people |
Doughnuts are a type of fried dough food. The following is a list of doughnut varieties.
Variations and specialties by region
The terms below constitute either names for different doughnut types created using local recipes, or for the local language translation of the term for an imported doughnut product.
Argentina – Kreppel, also called tortas fritas (fried pastries), is a fried pastry or quick bread that was introduced by German immigrants, and is similar to the Berliner. Facturas are a popular baked doughnut found in every corner bakery. Other names that may be seen in bakeries are berlinesas and bolas de fraile ("friar's balls").
Armenia – Ponchik, borrowed from Russian, is a deep-fried piece of dough shaped into a flattened sphere and filled with confiture or other sweet filling. Tukalik are similar to doughnut holes, and Armenian doughnuts are referred to as chickies.
Australia – Kitchener bun, Similar to Berliner, but with an open face and the use of more cream than jam. Besides traditional ring doughnuts, jam doughnuts are common in most bakeries, often sold warm.
Austria – Austrian doughnut equivalents are called Krapfen and resemble the Berliner. Especially popular during carnival season (Fasching), they are solid and usually filled with apricot jam (traditional) or vanilla cream (vanillekrapfen). They are made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, usually with a filling of marmalade, jam, chocolate, champagne, custard, mocha, or with no filling at all. They are usually topped with icing, powdered sugar, or conventional sugar.
Azores – filhós, malassadas
Belgium – Smoutebollen or croustillons are similar to Dutch Oliebollen but usually do not contain any fruit, except sometimes for apple chunks. They are typical carnival and fair snacks and are dusted with powdered sugar.
Bohemia – "kobliha", "bavorský vdolek", see the Czech Republic
Bolivia – Buñuelos are a round fry bread.
Brazil – Cream, dulce de leche or chocolate ganache filled doughnuts are referred to as sonho, meaning "dream". These are usually coated with a mixture of white sugar and cinnamon or topped with powdered sugar.
Brunei – kuih galang
Bulgaria – ponichki, mekitsas
Cambodia – nom kong, the Cambodian doughnut, which is named after its shape – the word កង, pronounced ‘kong’ in Khmer, means “wheel”, while ‘nom’ (Khmer: ‘នំបុ័ង’) is the general word for pastry or any kind of starchy food. A very inexpensive treat for everyday Cambodians, this sweet pastry consists of a rice flour dough moulded into a classic ring shape and then deep fried in fat, then drizzled with a palm sugar toffee and sprinkled with sesame seeds. The rice flour gives it a chewy texture that Cambodians are fond of.
Cameroon – Puff-puff
Canada – Canadian variants include the beaver tail, cruller, dutchie, Timbits, potato flour doughnuts, and Newfoundland's toutin. Maple bars – bar doughnuts with maple syrup-flavored icing – are also commonly found in the US, especially in neighboring states, such as Ohio, Wisconsin and Michigan.
Chile – Round fried filled doughnuts without holes are popular in Chile because of the large German community there. This doughnut is called a Berlin (plural Berlines). They may be filled with jam or with manjar, the Chilean version of dulce de leche.
China – Although Chinese cuisine now features doughnut–type pastries borrowed from American and European kitchens, traditional pastries are somewhat different. They often feature thin, leathery dough surrounding plentiful mildly sweet or savory filling. Cantonese cuisine features an oval shaped pastry called Ngàuhleisōu (牛脷酥, lit. "ox–tongue pastry" due to its tongue-like shape). A similar food is called saa jung (沙翁), fried round dough balls with sugar sprinkled on top. A Shanghai dessert named 高力豆沙 is a variant of this, with oilier dough (originally made with egg white) and filled with red bean paste. Another variant uses thickened, lightly sweetened black sesame paste for filling and is sprinkled with sesame seeds. Other types are tikoy, zha gao, jin doi, chien doi, and zhá miàn quān. A salty variation are deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their Mandarin name, yóutiáo (油條, literally "oil strips"); in Cantonese, this doughnut–style pastry is called yàuhjagwái (油炸鬼); it is often served with congee, a traditional rice porridge. The most similar in appearance one is called Mianwo (面窝) popular in Wuhan. It is fried from rice and soybeans mixed slurry rather than dough and It also has a variant made from potato.
Cote d'Ivoire – Gbofloto
Colombia – buñuelos, roscas
Corsica – fritelli
Croatia – trijesce, primoštenske fritule, fritule, istarski cukarini, kroštule, krafne, krofna, krafna, or pokladnice (poklade meaning "carnival")
Cyprus – Loukoumades
Czech Republic – Koblihy or vdolky (without a hole) are usually filled with jam and dusted with sugar. Vdolky are not as high as koblihy. Bavorský vdolek or Bavorský koblih ("Bavarian doughnut") may be fried or baked and have jam and thick sour cream on top.
Denmark – The "Berliner" without a hole is available in bakeries across the country and are called Berliner like in Germany. Another variant without the filling is aebleskiver, normally eaten with powdered sugar and jam on the side.
Ecuador – Huevitos Chilenos ("Chilean Eggs"), a small variety of round Doughnut (without a hole), sold year-round on street corners around the country. The original Chilean Eggs are slightly different, and are called "Sopaipillas" in Chile and other South-American countries.
Finland – Munkki (without a hole), Berliininmunkki/piispanmunkki (no hole, sugar coating), donitsi (with a hole), munkkirinkilä.
France – Beignets are sometimes described as a French doughnut, and are popular in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Georgia – punchula
Germany – The Berliner (Berliner Pfannkuchen) is a predominantly German and Central European doughnut made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, without a hole. The doughnuts are filled with jams, such as apricot, plum butter or rosehip jam. Other varieties and names are Obstkrapfen, Fastnachtskrapfen, Faschingskrapfen, Knieküchle, Auszogne and Kreppel.
Ghana – Bofrot
Greece – Svingi, Thiples, Loukoumades. A doughnut-like snack called Loukoumás comes in two types, a crispy one shaped like the number 8, and a larger, softer one shaped like the number 0.
Hawaii – popular doughnut in Hawaii is the Malasada. They were brought to the Hawaiian Islands by Portuguese laborers from Madeira and the Azores who went to Hawaii to work in the plantations. They are small balls of yeast dough, deep fried, and coated in sugar.
Hungary – Fánk, a round doughnut (without a hole) dusted with sugar, and Lángos, a flat fried bread made from yeast dough, served with sour cream and toppings like cheese, ham or chopped onions.
Iceland – Kleinuhringir (doughnut), Kleinur, Berlínarbollur and Ástarpungar. Ástarpungar traditionally contain raisins.
India – Gulgula are soft sweet deep fried round dough balls. Vadai are savoury rings of dough made from lentils that are popular in South Indian cuisine. They are not necessarily sweet. Varieties of sweet doughnut-like pastries include badushah or balushahi. They are made like an old-fashioned doughnut, by frying the dough in oil, and are soaked in sugar syrup and sometimes flavored with spices. Badushah does not have the center hole. Another sweet in India is imarti, known elsewhere as jalebi. Adhirasam are a Tamil sweet doughnut with a long history. Another similar dessert is gulab jamun – ball-shaped pastry from buffalo–milk–based quick dough that is fried and floated in rose water and cardamon flavored sweet syrup.
Indonesia – Donat kentang (Potato Doughnut) is an Indonesian style fried mashed potato doughnut; it is a ring-shaped doughnut made from a combination of flour and mashed potatoes, coated in powdered sugar or icing sugar.
Iran – Zooloobiya is a doughnut that comes in various shapes and sizes and coated in a sticky-sweet syrup. Razavi doughnut is ring-shaped with sugar on it. It is known as a symbol of Mashhad.
Israel – Sufganiyah (סופגניה, plural Sufganiyot), like the German Berliner and the Polish pączki, are deep-fried, injected with jelly, and then topped with powdered sugar or frosting. They are a traditional Hanukkah food among Ashkenazi Jews.
Italy – Struffoli, Pignolata, Guanti, (Assisi) Bastoncello, (Calabria) Scaddateddi, Zeppole, Chiacchiere, Lattughe (this may not be classifiable as doughnut, but it is fried pastry, in a Lettuce" style) Cenci, Donzelle, Frappe, Sfrappole, Bugie, Crostoli, Frittelle, Grispelli (potato dough speciality from the Catanzaro region), Ciambelli (Cocullo, Abruzzi), Bomboloni (Bombolonas), and (Palermo, Sicily) Sfingi.
Japan – Sata–andagi. An-doughnut (あんドーナッツ, lit. "bean jam doughnut") is widely available and is similar to Germany's Berliner, except it contains red bean paste. Deep fried dough filled with Japanese–style curry called カレーパン (curry bread) is also very popular.
Jersey – (Channel Islands) Jersey Wonders (Mèrvelles).
Kazakhstan – Baursaki
Kenya – Mandazi, Mahamri, Mandalas – sweet, triangular shaped breakfast delicacy enjoyed with a coconut side dish (baazi), made out of flour and sugar, originally from Mombasa
Korea – Chapssal doughnut, twisted doughnut. Many bakeries in South Korea offer doughnuts either filled with or made entirely from the Korean traditional rice dessert tteok. These come in a variety of colors, though they are normally in green, pink, or white. They are often filled with a sweet red bean paste or sesame seeds.
Lebanon – Awami.
Libya – Sfinz
Lithuania – Spurgos are doughnuts with jam filling and sugar coating. There is also a local variety of doughnuts made from cottage cheese dough ("Varškės spurgos") which contains no filling.
Madagascar – Mofo Boule
Malaysia – Kuih Keria, Kuih Gelang, Kuih Tayar
Mexico – Buñuelo, Churro, Sopapilla. The Mexican Donas are very similar to doughnuts including in the name; the dona is a fried–dough pastry–based snack, commonly coated with cinnamon sugar or granulated sugar, or dipped in chocolate. A pelona, alike Berliner, is a pastry similar to local doughnut with no central hole made from sweet yeast dough (Danish dough) deep fried usually in oil, filled with vanilla dulce de leche (in this case local manjar) and few raisins, conventional sugar as topping. Starting on a local doughnut's dough, rolled, shape molded, deep fried, sliced, opened two halves, filled, recap and topped. Is a popular snack in the street food vending but rarely seen in bakeries or any other food menus because it is dense and loaded with carbohydrates.
Mochi donuts – a fusion pastry crossing traditional American doughnuts and Japanese mochi
Moldova – Schlitzküchla (from German cuisine)
Morocco – Sfenj
Nepal – Sel roti
Netherlands – Oliebollen are a traditional Dutch food eaten on New Year's Eve and at fairs. They are like a round doughnut without a hole (similar to trademarked plain "donut holes" in the US). Oliebollen are a traditional treat.
New Zealand – Cream–filled doughnut
Nigeria – Puff-puff, Chin chin
Norway – Smultring, Fattigmann
Paraguay – Bollos
Peru – Dona, Picarones
Philippines – Binangkal, Buñuelos, Cascaron, Churro, Kumukunsi, Lokot-lokot, Maruya, Panyalam, Pilipit, Pinakufu, Shakoy (Lubid-lubid)
Poland – Pączki are round jam-filled doughnuts, known in Poland at least since the Middle Ages. Jędrzej Kitowicz wrote that during the reign of the August III under influence of French cooks who came to Poland at that time, pączki dough baked in Poland has been improved, so that pączki became lighter, spongier, and more resilient.
Portugal – fartura, filhós Portuguese-style doughnuts, dipped in sugar and cinnamon.
Puerto Rico – quesitos (filled with sweet cheese)
Romania – gogoşi
Russia – Ponchik, Russian "ponchiki" (), and "pyshki" (), as well as Ukrainian pampushky (), are deep-fried and sphere-shaped pieces of dough which could have a sweet (e.g. jam or powidl) or savory filling (e.g. ground meat or quark), or left plain. More traditional are deep-fried versions of pirozhki, as well as Tatar pərəməçlər, known as belyashi in Russia.
Sardinia – zippulas
Scotland – "Doughrings" is an alternative term for ring doughnuts. Square fudge doughnuts are also a tradition.
Serbia – Doughnuts similar to the Berliner are also prepared in the Northern Balkans, particularly in Croatia (uštipci, Krofnepokladnice or Krafne) and Serbia's Vojvodina province. They are called Krofna, a name derived from the Austrian Krapfen.
Siberia – kalachik
Sicily – pignolatti, sfingi, cuddureddi
Slovakia – šišky (pronounced "shishky"), ceregi
Slovenia – krofi, fanke, flancati
Somalia – Kac kac
South Africa – Koeksister, An Afrikaner desert of plaited dough, fried and steeped in cold syrup. Oliebolle met Suurmelk ("sour milk doughnuts"). Another variation is the Vetkoek, dough deep fried in oil, served with mince, syrup, honey or jam. Koe'sister A spiced doughnut rolled in coconut.
Spain – Churros, Porras, Chimeneas, Orange Roscos, Wine Roscos, Roscos de anis, Rosquillas de Ledesma, bimuelos, birmuelos, bermuelos, burmuelos, bunyols, chuchos, Rosquillas listas de san Isidro, rosquito tonto, rosquilla tonta. Buñuelos, bunyols in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, bolo de vento in Galicia or kruxpeta in the Basque Country, are a traditional Easter pastry in the form of small balls without a hole. They can be sweet or savoury, but usually filled with custard or chocolate. The American or German–style donut is sometimes called a berlina.
Sweden – munk (doughnut), klenät, flottyrring. One example is vaniljmunk which looks similar to the German Berliner but is filled with a vanilla custard.
Switzerland – Ringli, Basler Krapfen, Chüechli, Öhrli
Syria – zabeh
Taiwan – tian tian chuan, (lit. "sweet sweet ring").
Thailand – Khanom wong, Khanom khai hong
Tajikistan- chalpak.
Tunisia – Ftair, Yous–yous, Bambalouni
Turkey – Hanim Göbeği, Tulumba tatlisi, İzmir lokması, dibile
Turkmenistan – Pişme
Ukraine – pampushky (sweet filling or garlic flavored) and рonchik, Ukrainian "ponchyk" (), as well as Russian рonchiki (), are deep-fried and sphere-shaped pieces of dough.
United Kingdom – Traditionally topped with granulated sugar rather than powdered sugar or glaze. Jam doughnuts are ball-shaped, coated in granulated sugar, and have a filling of strawberry or raspberry jam (alternatively, of vanilla custard). In some parts of Scotland, ring doughnuts are referred to as doughrings, with the term doughnut being reserved exclusively for the nut–shaped variety. Glazed, twisted rope–shaped doughnuts are known as yum–yums. It is also possible to buy fudge doughnuts in certain regions of Scotland. In some parts of Northern Ireland, ring doughnuts are referred to as gravy rings due to their being cooked in oil, itself colloquially known as "gravy".
United States – In the US, doughnuts exist in cake, raised and piped varieties, and in many different shapes, including crullers (twisted piped bars), vanities, old-fashioned doughnuts, irregularly shaped "dropped" doughnuts, Boston cream doughnuts, potato doughnuts, sour cream doughnuts, cider doughnuts, simball, olicook (olykoecks), bear claws (although many varieties are filled pastries rather than doughnuts), elephant ears, yum yums, fasnachts, frying saucers, funnel cakes, bear signs (cowboy slang for ring doughnuts), Brown Bobby (a significant contingent in the 'doughnut shape debate' because this variety is (uniquely?) a 'triangular toroid'). Some varieties of johnnycake resemble doughnuts. Long Johns, particularly maple bars with maple–flavored icing, sometimes incorporate bacon. Twisted doughnuts are strands of dough that are braided and fried. The Pershing or Persian is also considered a doughnut in some parts of the United States. Local varieties similar to the doughnut include traditional Native American frybread (popular in the Plains / Mountain states) and beignets in New Orleans cuisine.
Venesuela − Bomba
Vietnam – ,
Yemen – Zalabiyeh
Zambia − Vitumbuwa
See also
List of doughnut shops
List of deep fried foods
List of fried dough foods
List of desserts
References
External links
German Berliner: Bavarian cream donut
Doughnuts: A Definitive History
Doughnut varieties
Doughnut varieties
Doughnuts |
Jean le Sellier (by 1471–1517) was a politician who was one of the two Members (MP) of the Parliament of England for Tournai in the last session of the parliament commenced in 1512, following the conquest of the town by Henry VIII in 1513.
References
1470s births
1517 deaths
English MPs 1512–1514
16th-century French people
Politicians from Tournai
Year of birth uncertain |
Yvonne Daniels (September 16, 1937 – June 21, 1991) was an American radio host in Chicago from the 1960s to 1991. Daniels was a member of the first all-woman radio team in 1967 for WSDM and the first woman radio host for WLS in 1973. Daniels was posthumously inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1995.
Early life and education
In 1937, Daniels was born in Jacksonville, Florida, a daughter of singer Billy Daniels. As a teenager, she began working as a singer and a R&B radio host. Daniels attended school at Stanton High School and Tuskegee University.
Career
In 1956, Daniels worked for WOBS in Jacksonville, Florida. Daniels later left Florida to begin her Illinois radio career in East St. Louis, Illinois for WBBR at the beginning of the 1960s. In 1962, she was let go by WBBR and returned to WOBS. In the mid-1960s, Daniels moved to Chicago to become a host for WYNR before being hired to co-host a night show for WCFL in June 1965.
Daniels remained at WCFL until 1967 when she moved to WSDM. With WSDM, she was a part of the station's first all-woman radio team until 1972. The following year, Daniels became the first woman DJ for WLS in 1973. In 1982, Daniels was hired by WVON as a drive time radio host and was moved to the afternoon show in 1984 when WVON was renamed WGCI-AM. She remained at WGCI until 1989 when she became WNUA's morning host.
Death
Daniels died from breast cancer on June 21, 1991, in Chicago, Illinois.
Awards and honors
In 1991, a part of Dearborn Street Bridge in Chicago was named Yvonne Daniels Way after her death. In 1995, Daniels was posthumously inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame.
See also
African-American firsts
Hal Jackson
Frankie Crocker
Imhotep Gary Byrd
Bob Perkins
Vaughn Harper
Lavada Durst
References
1937 births
1991 deaths
American radio DJs
Mass media people from Jacksonville, Florida
Tuskegee University alumni
African-American radio personalities
African-American journalists
Radio and television announcers
20th-century African-American people |
Aichach (; Central Bavarian: Oacha) is a town in Germany, located in the Bundesland of Bavaria and situated just northeast of Augsburg. It is the capital of the district of Aichach-Friedberg. The municipality of Aichach counts some 20,000 inhabitants. It is not far from the motorway that connects Munich and Stuttgart, the A8. The local river is called Paar.
History
Aichach's history dates back nearly 1000 years.
A prison for women was established in Aichach in 1909. In 1967, Ilse Koch, also known as The Witch of Buchenwald, committed suicide here.
Parish parts
There are 40 parts of the municipality:
Aich (chapel)
Aichach (main town)
Aichach (railway station)
Algertshausen (Kirchdorf)
Andersbach (wasteland)
Blumenthal (hamlet)
Ecknach (Pfarrdorf)
Edenried (Kirchdorf)
Eitershofen (wasteland)
Frogham (Wasteland)
Gallenbach (parish village)
Gansbach (wasteland)
Griesbeckerzell (parish village)
Hiesling (village)
courtyard garden (village)
Ippertshausen (hamlet)
Blades (parish village)
Knottenried (wasteland)
Matzenberg (wasteland)
Neuhausen (hamlet)
Neulhof (upper) (hamlet)
Neulhof (lower) (wasteland)
Neumuehle (hamlet)
Nisselsbach (wasteland)
Oberbernbach (parish village)
Obermauerbach (parish village)
Oberschneitbach (Kirchdorf)
Oberwittelsbach (parish village)
Röckerszell (wasteland)
Sulzbach (parish village)
Potting Mill (Wasteland)
Untergriesbach (village)
Untermauerbach (Kirchdorf)
Untermühle (Wasteland)
Unterschneitbach (Kirchdorf)
Unterwittelsbach (village)
Walchshofen
Wilpersberg (wasteland)
Windten (Wasteland)
Wöresbach (wasteland)
Mayor
Since 1996: Klaus Habermann (born 1953) (SPD)
Twin towns – sister cities
Aichach is twinned with:
Brixlegg, Austria
Gödöllő, Hungary
Schifferstadt, Germany
Notable people
Erhard Bühler (born 1956), major general
Christoph Burkhard (born 1984), footballer
Johannes Engel (1453–1512), doctor, astronomer and astrologer
Matthias Greitter (1495–1550), cantor and composer
Chrislo Haas (1956–2004), musician
Vincenz Müller (1894–1961), officer of Reichswehr, Wehrmacht and NVA
References
External links
Aichach-Friedberg |
Ulvibacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.
References
Flavobacteria
Bacteria genera
Taxa described in 2004 |
The state auditor of West Virginia is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The incumbent is JB McCuskey, a Republican.
Powers and duties
Bookkeeping responsibilities
Article X, Section 3 of the Constitution of West Virginia provides that "[n]o money shall be drawn from the treasury but in pursuance of an appropriation made by law, and on a warrant issued thereon by the auditor..." This constitutional mandate effectively designates the state auditor as the bookkeeper of state government. This function entails preauditing claims against the state, issuing warrants on the state treasury in payment of claims approved, administering payroll, accounting for revenues, expenditures, and monthly balances by appropriation and fund, conducting the annual settlement of state accounts, and providing budget analysis services to state agencies.
However, the state auditor is not responsible for statewide financial accounting and reporting or the design and enforcement of internal control. Rather, the state's fiscal control function rests with the Finance Division in the Department of Administration.
Other responsibilities
Statute law confers a number of other duties on the state auditor. Foremost among them, the state auditor is ex officio "chief inspector and supervisor of public offices". As such, the state auditor's office investigates waste, fraud, and abuse in state agencies and local governments, supervises local government finances, and audits West Virginia's approximately 700 political subdivisions, be they counties, cities, towns, or school districts. Additionally, the state auditor regulates the securities industry and administers tax-delinquent property that accrues to the state. This remit, when taken altogether, is unique among America's state auditors.
References
West Virginia |
The diabolical cube is a three-dimensional dissection puzzle consisting of six polycubes (shapes formed by gluing cubes together face to face) that can be assembled together to form a single 3 × 3 × 3 cube.
The six pieces are: one dicube, one tricube, one tetracube, one pentacube, one hexacube and one heptacube, that is, polycubes of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cubes.
There are many similar variations of this type of puzzle, including the Soma cube and the Slothouber–Graatsma puzzle, two other dissections of a 3 × 3 × 3 cube into polycubes which use seven and nine pieces respectively. However, writes that the diabolical cube appears to be the oldest puzzle of this type, first appearing in an 1893 book Puzzles Old and New by Professor Hoffmann (Angelo Lewis).
Because all of the pieces have only a single layer of cubes, their shape is unchanged by a mirror reflection, so a mirror reflection of a solution produces either the same solution or another valid solution. The puzzle has 13 different solutions, if mirrored pairs of solutions are not counted as being distinct from each other.
References
Tiling puzzles
Mechanical puzzle cubes |
Menzoberranzan, the "City of Spiders", is a fictional city-state in the world of the Forgotten Realms, a Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting. The city is located in the Upper Northdark, about two miles below the Surbrin Vale, between the Moonwood and the Frost Hills (north of the Evermoors and under the River Surbin). It is famed as the birthplace of Drizzt Do'Urden, the protagonist of several series of best-selling novels by noted fantasy author R. A. Salvatore. Menzoberranzan has been developed into a video game (of the same name) and a tabletop RPG setting. Menzoberranzan has been described as "a perfect unjust state" and compared to Glaucon's vision of a state that is held together only by the fear of retribution.
Creative origins
In 1988, the character Drizzt Do'Urden was created by author R. A. Salvatore as a supporting character in the Icewind Dale Trilogy and referenced the character's "years in Menzoberranzan". The prequel series, The Dark Elf Trilogy, features the origin of Drizzt Do'Urden and the main setting is his home city of Menzoberranzan. Salvatore went through old Dungeons & Dragons adventure modules, such as Descent to the Depths of the Earth, Vault of the Drow, and Queen of the Demon Web Pits, for references on the Drow but the Drow were not defined outside of a matriarchal society in the Underdark. Salvatore was given carte blanche to create the entire society within the city. Mario Puzo's The Godfather and the Five Families of New York greatly influenced Salvatore when he created the "super-structure" of the city and helped him create a "logical consistency" for the society.
In 2018, Salvatore said:Look, I grew up in a sexist, racist society. I grew up in an Italian neighborhood. Have you ever watched The Sopranos? That was my neighborhood. Only without the mob, but that was my neighborhood. It had the same attitudes about life. I grew up with five older sisters, and I saw what they had to endure. And they’re also where I got the idea for the bad matriarchal society of Menzoberranzan. [...] I love my sisters dearly. It’s funny, because they’ll always come up to me and say, “I’m Vierna, right?”
Publication history
Forgotten Realms Novels
The Icewind Dale Trilogy
Menzoberranzan was introduced in The Crystal Shard (1988) as part of the background for Drizzt Do'Urden. Shannon Appelcline (author of Designers & Dragons) wrote that "from the time of that first book of Salvatore’s Icewind Dale trilogy, Drizzt was a breakout success, due in no small part to his mysterious origins and his 'years in Menzoberranzan, or in the wilds of the Underdark . . .' With that one sentence, Salvatore ensured that the Underdark would rise up to unseat Deepearth as the collective name for D&D’s underground realms—and that fans would want to know more about those realms".
The Dark Elf Trilogy
In September 1990, Salvatore's novel Homeland was released. This was the first novel in the prequel series and was followed by Exile, in December 1990, and then Sojurn, in May 1991. Homeland shows the life and society of Menzoberranzan as Drizzt Do'Urden grows up there. It explores the complex Drow house system in Menzoberranzan along with education system, called the Academy. Cindy Speer, for the SF Site, wrote "the city is beautifully rendered, a place of danger, as beautiful as a poisonous snake, and the rules of this society are chilling".
Pornokitsch, in their review of Homeland, wrote "Menzoberranzan is a stunning metropolis - svelte architecture, omnipresent magic and an atmosphere of choking paranoia. [...] It is important to note that the Forgotten Realms are a place of extremely high fantasy [...]. Menzoberranzan is high fantasy to another order of magnitude. Every drow can use magic and their city glows with eldritch power".
While at the end of Homeland Drizzt leaves Menzoberranzan, the city continues to be a secondary location in the trilogy and follows other characters still in the city.
Legacy of the Drow series
The Legacy of the Drow series, by R. A. Salvatore, was written after the Dark Elf trilogy but chronologically it follows the Icewind Dale trilogy. Menzoberranzan is a secondary location in the first novel, The Legacy (1992) and a major location in the second and third novels, Starless Night (1993) and Siege of Darkness (1994). In The Legacy, this "is the first time Salvatore has 'gone home' so to speak since Drizzt left the Underdark at the end of Exile. [...] The chaotic city of Menzoberranzan hosts part of the story with the unexpected return of a member (or two) of the Do’Urden family. This is the catalyst for the hunt for the blasphemous Ranger who turned his back on his family, race and the Spider Queen".
In Starless Night, Drizzt returns to Menzoberranzan to try to prevent an attack on Mithral Hall. In Siege of Darkness, while Menzoberranzan is heavily impacted by the Time of Troubles and magic going awry, the Drow still plan and then launch an attack on Mithral Hall.
Starlight and Shadows Trilogy
In September 1995, Elaine Cunningham's novel Daughter of the Drow was released and it is set 21 years after Salvatore's novel Sojurn. Unlike Drizzt Do'Urden, the main character Liriel Baenre is prized member of the top house in Menzoberranzan. Similarly to Homeland, it follows Liriel Baenre's early life and her process of escaping the city.
Menzoberranzan continues to be a secondary location in the rest of the trilogy, Tangled Webs (April 1996) and Windwalker (April 2003).
War of the Spider Queen series
Menzoberranzan appears prominently in the War of the Spider Queen series, particularly as the setting of the first novel in the series Dissolution (2002), as well as Condemnation (2003), Extinction (2004), Annihilation (2004), and Resurrection (2005). The War of the Spider Queen series is written by six authors with two editors; Philip Athans and R. A. Salvatore. The series "returns to Drizzt Do’Urden’s homeland, the Underdark, to spin a tale of a ragged band of four dark elves on a desperate quest to find , drow goddess and the demon Queen of Spiders, and save their subterranean city of Menzoberranzan and the entire dark elf race".
Neverwinter Saga
Menzoberranzan appears as a secondary location in Charon's Claw (2012), the third novel of the Neverwinter Saga. "At the beginning of the book, the Drow from Menzoberranzan are plotting to take Gauntylgyrm and the ancient fire being under their own power and have sent out forces to do just that". The release of this book was part of the Wizards of the Coast coordinated marketing campaign called "Rise of the Underdark". A few weeks after Charon's Claw was published, a Dungeons & Dragons sourcebook on the city (Menzoberranzan: City of Intrigue) was also released as part of this campaign.
Salvatore said he came to understand that Artemis Entreri, a main character in the book, "was who Drizzt might have become had he remained in Menzoberranzan. Entreri sees the surface world as wretched and evil as Drizzt viewed his homeland, except for Entreri, there was no escape. So he gave in to cynicism and hopelessness".
Companions Codex
Menzoberranzan appears prominently in the Companions Codex series by R. A. Salvatore, particularly in the first novel in the series Night of the Hunter (2014). The Drow of Menzoberranzan and Q'Xorlarrin, a settlement in Gauntylgyrm founded by the Menzoberranzan Drow from House Xorlarrin, are plotting war against the surface world because Menzoberranzan is on the brink of civil war and the Drow goddess Lolth is angry at the city. This leads to a conflict called the War of the Silver Marches which continues throughout the rest of the series, Rise of the King (2014) and Vengeance of the Iron Dwarf (2015).
Salvatore said "The War of the Silver Marches seems straightforward from afar - the orcs of Many Arrows, prodded by the drow, have decided to take on the alliance known as the Kingdoms of Luruar. Up close, however, it gets much more complicated, as the drow tease the frost giants to the side of the orcs, then throw in a couple of dragons (who have their own ulterior motives) for good measure. And of course, at a higher level, we've got a feud between a pair of goddesses, Lolth and Mielikki, kicking up the dust as well".
Homecoming Trilogy
Menzoberranzan appears prominently in the Homecoming series by R. A. Salvatore, particularly in the first two novels Archmage (2015) and Maestro (2016). At the start of the series the War of the Silver Marches is over but the fate of Gauntylgyrm, a satellite settlement of Menzoberranzan, has yet to be decided. "The dwarven kings and their allies are marching to reclaim Gauntlgrym, a dwarven stronghold lost some decades past. [...] Meanwhile, the drow of Menzoberranzan, led by their scheming Matron Mother, Quenthel Baenre, are planning the defence of Gauntlgrym, which they’ve claimed for their own. The first half of the book deals with what happens before the dwarfs reach Gauntlgrym, and the second half deals with what occurs when the two sides come into conflict. Weaving throughout this tale are a number of disaffected drow, of particular note are Jaraxle, of the Bregan D’aerthe mercenary company, and the eponymous Archmage, Gromph of House Baenre".
Archmage highlights the politics of Menzoberranzan with a focus on the Archmage Gromph Baenre. The events of the book setup the Dungeons & Dragons "Rage of Demons" storyline and the adventure Out of the Abyss (2015) as at the end of the novel, Archmage Gromph Baenre accidentally summons Demogorgon, the Prince of Demons, to Menzoberranzan. The second book, Maestro, deals with the fallout of the "Rage of Demons" storyline in Menzoberranzan with a particular focus on Drizzt Do'Urden returning to the city and the story concludes in Hero (2016).
Generations Trilogy
The Generations series by R. A. Salvatore follows the Homecoming trilogy. In the first novel, Timeless (2018), Menzoberranzan is one of the main locations and "it follows the tumultuous life of Drizzt’s father, mentor figure, and idol Zaknafein, both in the past, when his friendship with the infamous mercenary captain Jarlaxle opened the door for his heresy, and in the present, after he is resurrected and reunited with his son". The series continues in Boundless (2019) and will be concluded in Relentless (2020).
Salvatore said "I can tell you that for many years, and a lot of readers have agreed with me, I've said I really wanted to write a book about Zaknafein and Jarlaxle, but before Drizzt was born. How did they get to know each other? What was Menzoberranzan like? [...] So half the book takes place back before Drizzt was born, so I can reintroduce people to the dark elf city, through different eyes. Slightly different perspective on the dark elf city".
Dungeons and Dragons
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd Edition
Ed Greenwood, Salvatore, and Douglas Niles collaborated to release a three-book box set in December 1992 called Menzoberranzan: The Famed City of the Drow. Ashe Collins, for Diehard Gamefan, wrote "originally published by TSR in 1992, following the successful Homeland Trilogy by R. A. Salvatore, which featured the Drow city in great detail there, TSR sought to capitalize on it by providing far more detail to the actual city than they had before for GMs and players, and the Forgotten Realms setting".
The first two books cover the history of the fictional setting, while the final book serves as an adventure module.
Book One: The City
Book Two: The Houses
Book Three: The Adventure
John ONeill, for Black Gate, wrote "one of my favorite RPG settings of all time is Menzoberranzan, the 1992 boxed set from TSR that drew liberally from R. A. Salvatore’s best-selling Drizzt Do’Urden novels. [...] Packed with 20,000 drow inhabitants, hundreds of thousands of humanoid slaves, and countless secrets and simmering rivalries, the home of the drow was an ideal adventure site for intrepid (and suitably high level) players".
Author Jeff LaSala, on the influence of Salvatore's novels, wrote that at a signing he attended in the early 1990s "with my hard-earned and very limited money I also bought the Menzoberranzan boxed set (ahh, back when they still made boxed sets regularly), which detailed the city of Drizzt’s origin. Now Dungeon Masters and players alike could fill their campaigns with feuding noble houses, evil matron mothers, and vile plots, but this time with actual maps of the city and ready-made NPCs. [...] Never mind that I was never able to use much of this stuff in my nerdy Stranger Things-but-in-the-90s D&D group. But that’s okay—I still had innumerable hours of thinking up drow-based adventures ahead, whether I’d use them or not".
In November 1999, Drizzt Do'Urden's Guide to the Underdark (1999), by Eric L. Boyd, was released. Appelcline wrote that it "is the single-most comprehensive sourcebook on the realms of the Underdark that lie beneath the Sword Coast. It talks about the major peoples of the Underworld and details dozens of cities, including Menzoberranzan" and that "Boyd's extensive research results in Underdark being full of tiny references. For example, drow cities are drawn from the list in Drow of the Underdark and from obscure references in Menzoberranzan".
A review for Pyramid identifies Menzoberranzan as one of "the most famous pieces of the Realms".
3rd Edition & 3.5
Menzoberranzan is briefly described in the Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting (2001).
4th Edition
In the 4th edition Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide (2008), Menzoberranzan is described as a key settlement in the Underdark and features an updated map.
In August 2012, Menzoberranzan: City of Intrigue (2012), by Brian R. James and Eric Menge, was published. This was an edition-neutral campaign setting book and was announced as part of the Rise of the Underdark event. Appelcline wrote that the book includes reprinted material from earlier sources "covering the setting of Menzoberranzan, the houses of Menzoberranzan, and the drow of the Realms" and it "also advances the timeline of the city. This includes details on how the War of the Spider Queen (2002-2005) changed the city and totally new material on the Spellplague. The result turns the system-neutral Menzoberranzan supplement into an era-neutral supplement that allows players to run Menzoberranzan in any era, from its 2e origins to the 4e present-day".
Ed Grabianowski, for Io9, "the most famous of drow cities hasn't received the splatbook treatment since 2nd Edition. [...] Plus, physically, Menzoberranzan is one of the coolest, most unique fantasy cities ever".
John ONeill, for Black Gate, wrote "released nearly 20 years ago for second edition AD&D, Menzoberranzan has not seen an update since and has been out of print for over 15 years. It was featured in the popular Menzoberranzan PC game from SSI/DreamForge, part of their Forgotten Realms product line, in 1994, and very prominently in the six volume War of the Spider Queen novels, but it’s been far too long since my favorite underdark city-state appeared in a new edition".
Alex Lucard, for Diehard Gamefan, wrote "All in all, if you even remotely interested in the Drow as a race, Menzoberranzan: City of Intrigue is a book well worth picking up. It has a ton of helpful information, beautiful artwork and it strives to be friendly to all four versions of Dungeons & Dragons. [...] I’m not the least bit interested in the Drow as a race, but I have to admit I was pretty impressed by this book. It may not be for me, but I can’t deny how well written and designed this campaign supplement is". Wired included the book on a seasonal gift guide and wrote "it's a wicked underground city packed full of scheming dark elves and their henchmen and slaves. The illustrations of the noble families are particularly excellent, and you really get a sense of the personalities of these houses. [...] This book is just the resource you need to run a campaign in the city or to inspire you to create your own evil city".
5th Edition
In September 2015, Menzoberranzan received a dedicated chapter in the 5th edition book Out of the Abyss (2015). Henry Glasheen, for SLUG Magazine, wrote that the adventure "leads through some of the most famous locations in The Underdark—if such places can be said to be famous. Many players will remember Menzoberranzan, the City of Spiders, but even lesser-known areas such as Blingdenstone and Gracklstugh are fully developed and ready to be explored".
Fictional description
Menzoberranzan is an underground city populated by the drow, and ruled over by the priestesses of Lolth. The city has 20,000 drow inhabitants and hundreds of thousands of humanoid slaves such as goblins, kobolds, bugbears, duergar, svirfnebli, orcs, ogres, minotaurs, and giants, as well as herds of rothé kept as livestock. The city trades poisons, mushrooms, riding lizards, spell scrolls, wine, and water. The worship of Lolth is prevalent, and the city has the clerical academy Arach-Tinilith, a spider-shaped building where priestesses are trained. Arach-Tinilith is one of the three branches of the city's Academy in the Tier Breche section of the city. Arach-Tinilith is neighbored by the warrior school Melee-Magthere, and Sorcere tower where arcane spellcasters are sent to study. These academies are the quarters of some of the most powerful clerics, fighters and wizards, respectively, and the title of master of an academy is coveted, since being the master of Sorcere or Melee-Magthere is as high as the power ladder goes for some houseless drow or even noble males.
On one edge of the city the family houses are located in their glory, while the edge near the lower level Drow houses there is a lake used to water the rothé. An island in the center is used to as an outlook post to help defend the city.
Founding
Menzoberranzan was founded by a priestess of Lolth named Menzoberra the Kinless in −3917 DR. It is ruled by a council of matrons from the eight greatest noble houses; the most powerful House in the city is House Baenre, until recently led by Matron Yvonnel Baenre—a drow cleric who was the single most powerful political figure in Menzoberranzan for about two thousand years. She has been succeeded by her daughter Triel. A separate council of mages deals with affairs of the arcane—but as its members are all male, it is wholly within the grip of the matrons.
History
Menzoberra the Kinless, a powerful priestess of Lolth, founded the city that bears her name in −3917 DR. By the wishes of Lady Lolth, she led seven drow families into the Northdark from the southerly drow holdings of Great Bhaerynden. The drow families, having no immediate external enemy, fell to attacking and undermining one another, as was drow nature, to the greater glory of their evil goddess, who so loved chaos. Only fifty years after the city's founding, in −3864 DR, a great and terrible battle between the two most powerful Houses, House Nasadra and House S'sril, occurred. This battle led to the exile of House Nasadra (which later founded the city of Ched Nasad, and was the First House until the city's recent destruction) and to the rise of House Baenre as the First House of Menzoberranzan.
The city's internal machinations have continued unabated for millennia. The Houses that grow weak are destroyed, and newer Houses rise up to find Lolth's favor. The full history of each House would constitute a nearly endless logbook of treachery, spite, and unceasing ambition. Within the last century, this pattern seems to have accelerated. House Do'Urden ascended from the Tenth House to the Ninth House by destroying the Fourth House, House DeVir. It then ascended to the Eighth House with the much-needed help of Jarlaxle's mercenary band Bregan D'aerthe by destroying the Fifth House, House Hun'ett. House Do'Urden lost the favor of Lolth, however, when Matron Malice Do'Urden turned Zaknafein into a spirit-wraith by using Lolth's dread Zin-Carla ritual and failed to kill Drizzt Do'Urden with him. This resulted in House Baenre utterly destroying House Do'Urden.
In 1359 DR, during the Time of Troubles, House Oblodra, the Third House, aspired to be the First House of Menzoberranzan. Menzoberranzan was caught in a magic dead zone, so magic did not work there. House Oblodra, however, was gifted in the rare art of psionics and seized upon this opportunity to strike at the other Houses. The matron of House Oblodra nearly reached her goal, but an avatar of Lolth answered Matron Baenre's pleas for help and came to Menzoberranzan after the Time of Troubles had ended. (The drow thought that she herself had restored all magic, but that is not true.) Although she loved chaos, she did not wish to see a House that did not whisper prayer to her to rule the city. Foreseeing her temporary loss of power due to the Time of Troubles, Lolth had asked the demon Errtu to protect her worshippers, should she herself fail to do it. In return, Lolth gave Wulfgar over to Errtu as a prisoner, means by which the mighty demon could gain his revenge on Drizzt. She then opened a portal for Errtu and his host of demons to lay siege to House Oblodra. By the time the Time of Troubles had passed, Lolth was restored to full power and single-handedly crushed House Oblodra, the remains of their stronghold being pushed into a deep chasm known as the Clawrift, and Matron Oblodra's spirit went to Errtu for eternal torment. Thus the ranks of the ruling Houses changed once again. All this she said was done for her greatest high priestess (although it was really done for herself), the two-thousand-year-old Matron Baenre. All Houses in the city witnessed this great miracle and knew that House Baenre was the most favored House of the goddess.
Key factions
There are three types of factions in Menzoberranzan. At the top are the Houses with the eight greatest houses forming the Ruling Council of Menzoberranzan. "The council determines the fate of the city, from the ranking of each house to whether an errant house must be destroyed. Drow factions that more or less uphold the social order of Menzoberranzan are the second category. These include the academy of Tier Breche and the mercenary company of Bregan D'aerthe. [...] The third group of factions consists of various internal and external forces opposed to the social order of Menzoberranzan".
Houses of Menzoberranzan
The Houses "control all aspects of the city, from enforcing its few laws to dominating trade. Menzoberranzan has no standing army. Instead, the house guard of each of the noble houses provides the military might of the city. Their compounds are heavily fortified castles". Menzoberranzan has about 50 Houses which are all vying to increase their power and their ranking in the city as only the top eight Houses are part of the Ruling Council. The Houses all follow the same loose leadership structure: "the house matron mother (the dictatorial ruling female head of the house), first priestess (typically the matron mother's eldest daughter, who supervises the day-to-day operations of the house), house wizard (the leader of the house's arcane spellcasters), house weapon master (who trains and leads the house warriors), and patron (the favored consort of the matron mother, who holds the highest rank possible for a male drow)".
The following are the topmost houses of Menzoberranzan:
Baenre
Barrison Del'Armgo
Oblodra (destroyed by demons serving Yvonnel Baenre and, indirectly, Lolth in DR1358, described in Siege of Darkness)
DeVir (destroyed by Do'Urden in DR1297, described in Homeland)
Hun'ett (destroyed by Do'Urden in DR1338, described in Exile)
Faen Tlabbar
Xorlarrin
Agrach Dyrr (became a vassal of House Baenre in DR1372 in the outcome of the War of the Spider Queen)
Mizzrym
Do'Urden (destroyed by Baenre in DR1340, described in Exile)
Fey-Branche
Tuin'Tarl
Duskryn
Srune'Lett
Horlbar
Kenafin
Druu'giir
Hunzrin
Shobalar
Vandree
Symryvvin
A'Lavallier
Sel'rue
Unknown Ranking
Freth [destroyed in 1319 DR] ("Homeland")
Teken'duis [destroyed in 1319 DR] ("Homeland")
Hekar ("Starless Night")
Catanzaro ("Dragon228")
Despana ("Dissolution")
Pharn ("Realms Personalities")
Coloara ("Realms Personalities")
Simfray [destroyed in DR1018 by Bregan D'aerthe] ("Timeless")
Tr'arach [destroyed in DR1018 by Zaknafein Simfray] ("Timeless")
The Academy
Tier Breche, the famed academy of the dark elves, sits on a high plateau at the western end of the city, protected by guardians and fell magics, the Academy consist of three structures, Arach-Tinilith (The School of Lolth) Sorcere (The School of Wizards) and Melee Magthere (The School of Fighters). Presided over by the Matron Mistress of the Academy, all drow both common and noble are required to attend the academy. Students' length of education is dependent on their sex and occupation. Male Fighters will spend 10 years, male wizards will spend 30, and female priestesses will spend 50 years learning their profession. The majority of time is spent within their specific school; however each student will spend a portion of their last year at each of the other schools, gaining a basic understanding of the strengths and weakness of the other classes.
Melee Magthere
The School of Fighters is a pyramidal structure located on the east side of Tier Breche. Here males learn the art of swordplay, and individual and group fighting tactics. Beginning students spend their first sixty days unarmed under the instruction of The Master of Lore. Here they are indoctrinated against surface elves and non-drow. This racist propaganda provides a 'safety valve'- extra aggression can be turned on the surface folk, rather than (completely) on the Drowish hierarchy. Their junior years are very harsh, but conditions improve as they grow older. Students in their 9th and final year serve as guards for Tier Breche, as well as participating in practice patrols within short distances outside of the city cavern. Each year, in order to establish a hierarchy within the class, the Grand Melee is held. During this event the students are set loose in a maze chamber outside the city cavern, wielding simple wooden poles as imitation weapons. The last male standing wins. In the tenth and final year, fighters will spend their first six months in Sorcere studying magic, and the final six months within Arach-Tinilith learning the precepts of Lolth- most importantly, the inferiority of males in her eyes.
Sorcere
The School of Wizards is housed in a many spired stalagmite tower on the west of Tier Breche. Males will spend 30 years in study of the arcane arts, learning to channel the strange and unique magic of the drow that emanates from the Underdark. Acceptance as a student at Sorcere is highly coveted by young males as magic is the only path to any kind of real power in their matriarchal world. Masters of Sorcere are arguably the most powerful group of males within Menzoberranzan, headed by the city's Archmage. Not only are they responsible for the training of future mages but also for regulating the use of arcane magic for all drow within Menzoberranzan.
Arach-Tinilith
The School of Lolth is one of, if not the most important, holy sites within the church of Lolth. Standing at the center of Tier Breche, the school resembles a giant obsidian spider, sporting eight legs and a large central hall. Female clerics will spend 50 years in study under the Mistresses of Arach-Tinilith, learning the deeper codes, beliefs, and dogma of Lolth's faith. Some of the most powerful holy artifacts of the drow are stored within the halls. It is here that students will undergo the graduation ceremony, often involving demon summoning and sexual orgies between the new clerics and male wizards or fighters, reinforcing the subservient role of drow males. The Matron Mistress of the Academy resides here and serves both as head instructor as well as the leader of the academy. Currently the Academy is presided over by Matron Mistress Quenthel Baenre, who succeeded her sister Matron Triel after the death of their mother.
Bregan D'aerthe
Bregan D'aerthe is a drow mercenary band based in the drow stronghold of Menzoberranzan and appears in many R. A. Salvatore novels. Founded by Jarlaxle Baenre as a means for houseless rogues to survive in Menzoberranzan, the group has thrived and expanded greatly since its inception. Due to its array of skilled soldiers and its many connections with the outside world, Bregan D'aerthe is a valued ally of many powerful drow houses. More than once in various novels, it has been remarked that Jarlaxle is one of the most protected drow in the Underdark due to the competent soldiers he surrounds himself with. This band of societal malcontents consists of approximately 150 members (though at times known to employ many more, having nearly one thousand agents at work with the Calimport initiative), mainly houseless males. Bregan D'aerthe has been very influential in the chaotic happenings of Menzoberranzan and has connections with Blingdenstone and has agents in Ched Nasad as well as major cities on the surface, most notably Luskan, Waterdeep, Calimport, and Heliogabalus. It was led by Jarlaxle Baenre, up until Servant of the Shard and is currently led by the drow psionicist Kimmuriel Oblodra. "...no house desired conflict with Bregan D’aerthe. It was the most secretive of bands, few in the city could even guess at the numbers in the group, and its bases were tucked away in the many nooks and crannies of the wide cavern. The company’s reputation was widespread, though, tolerated by the ruling houses, and most in the city would name Jarlaxle among the most powerful of Menzoberranzan’s males." - Starless Night
"...in Menzoberranzan, Jarlaxle and his spying network, Bregan D’aerthe, had no equal." - Starless Night
Reception
In the Io9 series revisiting older Dungeons & Dragons novels, in his review of Homeland, Rob Bricken says that "where Homeland really shines—what hooked me as a kid, and what I still find fascinating now—is how thoroughly Salvatore examines drow society and the city of Menzoberranzan. From the cult of Lolth, the spider-goddess, to the matriarchal houses constantly scheming to destroy the others, to their equally Machiavellian education system, to the brutal class structure, Salvatore explores it all. He gives equal attention to the architecture and art of Menzoberranzan, and he's gained enough skill to describe it with aplomb. What would look like utter darkness to us is a world of vivid color for the drow, whose nightvision (the D&D term for being able to see the infrared spectrum) is unparalleled. It's augmented by magic and the elves' ability to shape stone into works of art, ornate houses, and more."
In other media
Board games
In 2011, the Legend of Drizzt Board Game was released. The adventure book in the game is inspired by the R. A. Salvatore novels and "the first adventure, Exile, is inspired by the book of the same name and features Drizzt’s journey from Menzoberranzan to the surface".
In 2016, the Tyrants of the Underdark board game was released. Players act as competing Drow houses trying to take control of locations in the Underdark such as Menzoberranzan and Blingdenstone.
Video games
The city was the main location of the video game Menzoberranzan (1994). Dungeons and Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games said "the last TSR-licensed game SSI published is the infamously wretched (and hard to spell) Menzoberranzan, which appeared in 1994 for DOS. [...] [It] had all the ingredients necessary for a hit. [...] Nevertheless, gamers quickly complained about the endless number of boring battles that drag out the game and ruin its pacing".
In 2015, players in the MMO Neverwinter could accompany Drizzt to Menzoberranzan during its demonic assault in the Underdark Campaign. In 2023, the game's Neverwinter: Menzoberranzan module featured the city as a new adventure zone and campaign.
Miscellaneous
In 2014, Matt Hummel's essay Menzoberranzan: A Perfect Unjust State appears in Dungeons & Dragons and Philosophy a new volume in Wiley-Blackwell's long running Philosophy and Pop Culture series. Hummel "uses the infamous Drow city to discuss notions of justice and injustice".
Sleep Sound (2021) is a poem by R. A. Salvatore which received an animated short to promote the "Summer Of Drizzt" marketing campaign. The short features Menzoberranzan; it was narrated by Benedict Cumberbatch and animated by The Sequence Group.
Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves (2023) producer Jeremy Latcham stated that the city seen at distance in the Underdark portion of the film was intended to be Menzoberranzan – Latcham commented that "I don't know if we actually ended up leaving it that on the map, but when we designed it originally, that was going to be Menzoberranzan. There was some controversy about it based on where we were with Dolblunde, which was kind of a made-up place".
See also
Menzoberranzan (video game)
Underdark
References
External links
Poster map of Menzoberranzan created by Mike Schley for Menzoberranzan: City of Intrigue (2012).
Fictional city-states
Dungeons & Dragons populated places
Dungeons & Dragons locations
Underground cities
pl:Lista miast ze świata Forgotten Realms#Menzoberranzan |
New Zealand at the 1938 British Empire Games was represented by a team of 69 competitors and 13 officials, including 18 athletes, 15 rowers, eight swimmers and divers, and seven each of boxers, cyclists and wrestlers. Selection of the team for the Games in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, was the responsibility of the New Zealand Olympic and British Empire Games Association. New Zealand's flagbearer at the opening ceremony was Jim Leckie. The New Zealand team finished fifth on the medal table, winning a total of 25 medals, five of which were gold.
New Zealand has competed in every games, starting with the British Empire Games in 1930 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Medal tables
Competitors
The following table lists the number of New Zealand competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Athletics
Track
Field
Boxing
Cycling
Road
Men's road race
Track
Men's 1000 m sprint
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's 10 miles track race
Diving
Lawn bowls
Rowing
Percival Stowers and Cliff Johnson accompanied the team as emergencies, but did not compete.
Swimming
Wrestling
Officials
Team manager – H. McCormick
Deputy team manager – Dolph Kitto
Athletics coach – B. R. McKernan
Boxing manager – F. Hughes
Cycling manager – H. L. Grant
Lawn bowls
Manager – A. Whitten
Assistant manager – E. Petty
Rowing
Manager – Allen Hale
Coach – Herbert Ayers
Swimming manager – Edward Clarke Isaacs
Wrestling
Manager – J. Creeke
Coach – A. Craig
Chaperone – E. G. Sutherland
See also
New Zealand Olympic Committee
New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games
New Zealand at the 1936 Summer Olympics
References
All team lists and results from NZOC
External links
NZOC website on the 1938 games
Commonwealth Games Federation website
Athletes in the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand has a paragraph on these Games
1938
British Empire Games
Nations at the 1938 British Empire Games |
Arianna Caruso (born 6 November 1999) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Juventus FC and the Italy women's national team.
Career
Caruso has been capped for the Italy national team, appearing for the team during the UEFA Women's Euro 2021 qualifying cycle.
She scored her first international goal against Israel on 24 February 2021 at the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying.
International goals
Scores and results are list Italy's goal tally first.
Honours
Juventus
Serie A: 2020–21, 2021–22
Coppa Italia:
Supercoppa Italiana: 2020–21, 2021–22
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Italian women's footballers
Italy women's international footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Juventus FC (women) players
Competitors at the 2019 Summer Universiade
SSD Res Roma players
UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players
Footballers from Rome
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players |
Charybdis is a sea monster in Greek mythology.
Charybdis may also refer to:
Charybdis (crab), a genus of crabs
Charybdis (comics), a fictional character in DC Comics
388 Charybdis, a main belt asteroid
Charybdis Glacier, Antarctica
Charybdis Icefalls, Antarctica
, several ships of the Royal Navy
Golden Charybdis Award at Taormina International Film Festival
Karybdis (band), a London-based metal band |
Alamnagar railway station is a railway station in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Its code is AMG. It serves Rajajipuram area of Lucknow. The station consists of three platforms. The platforms are not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation. Currently the station is converting into satellite station.
References
Lucknow NR railway division
Railway stations in Lucknow district |
The 1955 Segunda División de Chile was the fourth season of the Segunda División de Chile.
San Luis de Quillota was the tournament's winner.
Table
See also
Chilean football league system
References
External links
RSSSF 1955
Segunda División de Chile (1952–1995) seasons
Primera B
Chil |
Acrolepia tharsalea is a moth of the family Acrolepiidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1914. It is found in Guatemala.
References
Moths described in 1914
Acrolepiidae |
Carpenter Historic District is a national historic district located near Cary, Wake County, North Carolina. The districts encompasses 66 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 8 contributing structures in the rural crossroads community of Carpenter. The district developed between about 1895 and 1933, and includes notable examples of Late Victorian and Colonial Revival style architecture. Notable buildings include the Carpenter Farm Supply Company (c. 1895, 1916), D. Judson Clark Machine/Garage (c. 1920), Byrd-Ferrell House (c. 1900), Mallie and Cora Butts Farm, A.M. Howard Farm, and Barbee-Williams Farm.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
References
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Victorian architecture in North Carolina
Colonial Revival architecture in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Wake County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Wake County, North Carolina |
Nunamaker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Homer Nunamaker (1889–1964), American politician
Jay Nunamaker (born 1937), American academic
Julian Nunamaker (1946–1995), American football player
Les Nunamaker (1889–1938), American baseball player |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.