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The 1949 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the forty-second season of Sydney's top-level professional rugby league football club competition, Australia's first. Ten teams from across the city contested the premiership during the season which culminated in a grand final between St. George and South Sydney. Season summary St. George winger Ron Roberts’ 25 tries during 1949 stands in third place behind Les Brennan's 29 in 1954 and Bob Lulham’s 28 in 1947 for the highest number of tries by a player in a debut season. The 1949 season was also the last in the NSWRFL for future Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame inductee, Vic Hey. Teams Balmain, formed on 23 January 1908 at Balmain Town Hall Canterbury-Bankstown Eastern Suburbs, formed on 24 January 1908 at Paddington Town Hall Manly-Warringah Newtown, formed on 14 January 1908 North Sydney, formed on 7 February 1908 Parramatta, formed in November 1946 South Sydney, formed on 17 January 1908 at Redfern Town Hall St. George, formed on 8 November 1920 at Kogarah School of Arts Western Suburbs, formed on 4 February 1908 Ladder Finals Minor premier South Sydney's loss to St. George in the finals meant that a grand final would be necessary. Grand Final In a brutal encounter, St George ran in five tries and overcame minor premiers South Sydney 19–12 to claim their second premiership in front of 56,532 people, the second biggest crowd of all time to witness a Sydney club match. Souths opened the scoring, with a converted try to Graves after 21 minutes. However the Dragons were led masterfully by their captain, Kangaroos five-eighth, Norman "Johnny" Hawke. Controlling all aspects of the match, Hawke took the game away from Souths who only got back into the contest when he was forced from the field with injury. Also injured was Saints forward George Jardine who played the match with a broken wrist. St. George led 11–5 at half time. Hawke returned to the field after treatment and was later dubbed "Man of the Match" and "the Player’s Player". The Dragons' wingers, season's top try scorer Ron Roberts (25 tries) and newcomer Noel Pidding scored two tries each. Each of the grand final winning players received a record bonus of £300 each. St. George 19 Tries: Roberts (2), Pidding (2), McCoy Goals: McCoy, Pidding South Sydney 12 Tries: Graves, Purcell Goals: Graves (3) Player statistics The following statistics are as of the conclusion of Round 18. Top 5 point scorers Top 5 try scorers Top 5 goal scorers References External links Rugby League Tables – Notes AFL Tables Rugby League Tables – Season 1949 AFL Tables Premiership History and Statistics RL1908 Finals lineups and results Hunterlink site Results:1941–1950 at rabbitohs.com.au 1949 Labor Daily Cup at rleague.com NSWRFL season 1949 at rugbyleagueproject.org New South Wales Rugby League premiership NSWRFL season
Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Raja Bendahara Alang Iskandar Marhum Teja (19 June 1849 − 14 January 1916) was the 28th Sultan of Perak. Perak at that time was part of the British-administered Federated Malay States. The Sultan's rule was marked by Perak joining the Federated Malay States, a Federation of four protected states in the Malay Peninsula, including Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang, established by the British government in 1895, which lasted until 1946. Early life Raja Idris Shah was born on 19 June 1849 at Kuala Keboi, Kampar, Perak. He was the son of Alang Iskandar. He was the 27th Sultan of Perak. He succeeded his father-in-law, Sultan Yusuf Sharifuddin Muzaffar Shah, who died on 26 July 1887, and ruled until his death on 14 January 1916. In March 1900, he opened the Victoria Bridge, a single track railway bridge located in Karai, Perak. It is one of the oldest railway bridges in Malaysia, having been constructed between December 1897 and March 1900 by the Perak State Railway as a crossing over the Perak River to serve the local tin mining industry. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1892, and received the Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) on 27 April 1901, in preparation of the forthcoming royal visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George V and Queen Mary). In 1902 he visited the United Kingdom to attend the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, arriving at London in early June, and prolonging his stay until the autumn to be present for the rescheduled ceremony following the illness of the King. Death Upon returning to Perak in 1911, Sultan Idris health was under par and he rested at Port Dickson. Whilst recovering, he made a nazar, should he be restored a good health, he would build a mosque in Bukit Chandan. His vow later materialised with the erection of Ubudiah Mosque but he did not live to see it completed. Sultan Idris death on 14 January 1916 at the age of 66. He was interred at the Royal Mausoleum, Kuala Kangsar with the title of Marhum Rahmatullah. He was succeeded by his son Abdul Jalil Nasiruddin Muhtaram Shah. References 1849 births 1916 deaths Sultans of Perak Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 19th-century monarchs in Asia
Sfântu Gheorghe means "Saint George" in the Romanian language. It may refer to one of the following places in Romania: Sfântu Gheorghe, a city in Covasna County Sfântu Gheorghe, Tulcea, a commune in Tulcea County Sfântu Gheorghe, Ialomița, a commune in Ialomița County Sfântu Gheorghe, a village in Iernut town, Mureș County Sfântu Gheorghe, a village in Băneasa Commune, Giurgiu County Sfântu Gheorghe, a village in Crevedia Mare Commune, Giurgiu County and to: Sfântu Gheorghe branch, a distributary of the Danube river FC Sfîntul Gheorghe, a football team in Moldova See also Sângeorgiu (disambiguation)
"Monster" is a song from the 2018 Broadway musical Frozen, an adaptation of the 2013 Disney’s computer-animated musical film of the same name. Sung by Elsa, the song takes place during the second act. The song was written by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez. the scene takes place after Elsa stikes Anna with her powers and starts questioning her own mortality, then Hans and his men come to capture Elsa in her ice palace. Composition "Monster" is written in D minor and vocals span from A3 to Eb5. The song contains an allusion to Dies Irae. Release The song was released on YouTube Vevo with a music video the same day the show opened on Broadway. This track was performed at New York City's Gotham Hall, and is the first of four original songs from the musical to be released weekly through the Disney on Broadway channel (the Anna and Kristof duet "What Do You Know About Love?", the Elsa solo "Dangerous to Dream", and the Anna solo "True Love"). Context The soliloquy ballad sees Elsa ask herself if she is evil due to her magical abilities, and wonders if the world would be better without her. She first attempts this by running away to a far-off place and building an ice palace ("Let It Go"). When a winter is triggered regardless, she considers more extreme measures. This song takes place after Elsa has just thrown Anna and Kristoff out of the ice palace, as Hans and his men from Arendelle arrive to capture her. She thinks about the damage she has caused, while she is buried under her self-doubt, fear, and uncertainty. Critical reception The Telegraph felt that the song "allows the audience to better understand her motivations" at this point in the story. Mashable deemed the piece an "earworm", while Digital Spy described the song as "pure Elsa". References 2010s ballads 2018 songs Songs about monsters Songs from musicals Disney songs Songs from Frozen (franchise) Songs written by Kristen Anderson-Lopez Songs written by Robert Lopez
The Newfoundland red crossbill is a member of the crossbill genus which has its crossed bill adapted for prying open the tightly closed spruce or pine cones in order to extract the seeds found abundantly on the island of Newfoundland. It was thought to be fully endemic to Newfoundland, but breeding has been found on Anticosti island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, administratively part of Quebec. It is known locally as the spruce mope. About 5.5 to 6.5 inches in length, wing about 3.75 inches and its bill .70 inches. The adult male is a dull red which is somewhat brighter on the rump, with wings and tail black in color. The adult female is an olive-gray with yellow on the rump and often on the under parts, the wings and tail a dark grayish. Juveniles vary in color from olive-green to yellow to reddish. They nest in conifers building their nest from twigs or strips of bark and lining it with mosses, hair or fur. They lay 4 to 5 eggs which are greenish-blue, spotted with brown and lavender. The local name refers to their slow movements while feeding in the spruce tops. They can be seen in mixed company with the slightly larger white-winged crossbill. The taxonomy of the bird has been questioned. References External links North American Distribution Coevolution to patterns of crossbill (Loxia) diversity in the northern boreal forests Loxia Native birds of Eastern Canada Birds described in 1834 Endemic fauna of Canada
Tan Sri Dato' Sri Ahmad bin Haji Maarop (born 25 May 1953) is a Malaysian jurist and lawyer who served as the tenth President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia (PCA). Early life and education Maarop was born in , a village in the historical state of Malacca. He underwent his primary school education at Jasin National Primary School, Alor Gajah National Primary School and finally Bukit Beruang National Primary School, all in his home state. Maarop then attended the Dato' Abdul Razak School, a premier boarding school in Sungai Gadut, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Upon completion of high school, he read law at the University of Malaya and obtained Bachelor of Laws (Honours) (LL.B. (Hons.)) in 1978. Career He started his legal career as a Judicial and Legal Service officer on 8 May 1978 and had since held various post, serving as Magistrate in Betong and Temerloh, Deputy Public Prosecutor (DPP) for the state of Johor, DPP of Royal Malaysian Customs Department, State Legal Advisor of Perlis, Head of Prosecution Unit for Penang, Senior Federal Counsel of Ministry of Home Affairs of Malaysia and State Legal Advisor of Kelantan. In 1994, while serving as State Legal Advisor of Kelantan, he was admitted as advocate and solicitor in the High Court in Malaya at Kota Bharu. He was then transferred to the Attorney General's Chambers headquarters where he served as deputy director and later as Head of Division, Advisory and International Division of Attorney General's Chambers. On 1 October 1998, he became one of the seven persons who were appointed as Senior Deputy Public Prosecutor by the Attorney General of Malaysia. His last position in Judicial and Legal Service was Commissioner Law Revision and Reform Malaysia. On 1 June 2000, he was elevated to the High Court bench as judicial commissioner and was assigned to preside over High Court in Malaya in Malacca. On 1 March 2002, he was appointed as a High Court Judge and served in the High Court in Malaya in Malacca, Kuala Lumpur and Terengganu. His elevation to the Court of Appeal bench took place on 18 July 2007. On 10 August 2011, he took his appointment as Judge, Federal Court of Malaysia. On 1 April 2017, he was officially appointed as Chief Judge of Malaya, taking over from Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin to occupy the third highest judicial office in Malaysia. Following the 14th Malaysian general election and the resignation of Zulkefli, Maarop was again chosen to take over from Zulkefli, this time ascending to the second highest judicial office of Malaysia, becoming the President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia. He was sworn-in by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) on 11 July 2018. As such, Maarop is currently the second-highest judicial officer in Malaysia after the Chief Justice of Malaysia. Maarop retired as PCA on the 24 November 2019 having reached the mandatory retirement age as stipulated by the Constitution of Malaysia. Honours : Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1997) Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) - Tan Sri (2013) : Companion Class I of the Order of Malacca (DMSM) - Datuk (1998) Knight Commander of the Order of Malacca (DCSM) - Datuk Wira (2015) : Companion of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SMP) (1990) Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) - Dato' Sri (2018) : Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (DSMZ) - Dato' (2006) References Living people 1953 births Malaysian Muslims Malaysian people of Malay descent 20th-century Malaysian lawyers 21st-century Malaysian judges People from Malacca University of Malaya alumni Presidents of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia Officers of the Order of the Defender of the Realm
Egusa (江草 or 江種) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: , Japanese baseball player , Japanese judoka Japanese-language surnames
The Fort Walla Walla–Fort Colville Military Road was built in June 1859 to connect the Walla Walla area with its fairly easy access to the Columbia River to the mountainous area of the Huckleberry and Selkirk Mountains of current Northeast Washington and the Inland Northwest. Brigadier General William S. Harney, commander of the Department of Oregon, opened up the district north of the Snake River to settlers in 1858 and ordered Brevet Major Pinkney Lugenbeel, 9th Infantry Regiment (United States) to establish a U.S. Army post to restrain the Indians perceived as hostile to the U.S. Army's Northwest Division and to protect miners who traveled to the area after first reports of gold in the area appeared in Western Washington newspapers in July 1855. It was common practice to use existing Indian trails to develop military roads, and only make necessary improvements for the movement of artillery or supply trains. Brevet Major Lugenbeel followed the long-established Indian trail, then Hudson Bay Company brigade trail from the U.S. Fort Walla Walla area to Hudson Bay Company Fort Colvile, but had to leave the trail at current Orin-Rice Road, two miles south of Colville, where the southernmost land claims of the Hudson Bay Company fort began. Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens and the U.S. Army were ordered by the United States Department of State to honor land ownership claims by the Hudson Bay Company. Lugenbeel's command arrived from Fort Walla Walla on June 20, 1859; Pinkney Lugenbeel was later credited with improving and building up the Military Road. The start point was Fort Walla Walla, a U.S. Army post established in 1858 with both infantry and cavalry. It closed September 28, 1910. The end point was Fort Colville, a U.S. Army post located three miles north of current Colville, Washington. Fort Colville closed in 1882. The road became the Fort Walla Walla–Fort Colville Military Road. History Prior to Fort Colville Various Indian tribes used the trail to travel to Kettle Falls for salmon and for trade between people. David Thompson, fur trader, traveled the middle section of the road in 1811. In June 1811, after traveling down the Columbia River from the Kettle Falls area to Astoria in a canoe, he returned in August 1811 up the Columbia and Snake River to where the Palouse River joins the Snake River. This was an established camping place for the Nez Perce people, and later Lyons Ferry, and the Snake River Bridge. River levels were still very high and the currents were rapid, so they took the land route twenty-eight miles northeast through basalt formations and then forty miles through fine light loam with brooks, ponds, grass, and trees to Spokan House. He also traveled the northern section of the road in June and then again in August 1811. Soon after in 1812 or 1813, a fur trader competitor, Pacific Fur Company's Alexander Ross described travelling from Walla Walla to Colville crossing at the Palouse River and arriving at the Spokane River, where the Pacific Fur Company had a fur trading post called Fort Spokane, across from the North West Company's Spokan House. A decade later in 1825, under Hudson Bay Company Governor George Simpson's orders, construction of Fort Colvile began and in April 1826, Spokan House was abandoned. In May 1835, Reverend Samuel Parker described in detail his travel up the trail from Hudson Bay Company's Fort Walla Walla, as called Fort Nez Percés, to Fort Colvile. He was tasked by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to search out locations for Protestant missions. Following in September 1838, Reverend Cushing Eells and Reverend Elkanah Walker, American Protestant missionaries, took the trail from the Whitman Mission to Hudson Bay Company Fort Colvile to choose a location for their mission. Three years prior, Rev. Samuel Parker wrote that the Tshimakain area, right along the trail, would be a good location for a mission. Additionally, Chief Factor Archibald McDonald reportedly recommended Tshimakain, at the site of current Ford, Washington, as a good location for their mission. The pastors returned to the Whitman Mission, and in March 1839, they brought their wives, Mary Richardson Walker and Myra Eells to what became Tshimakain Mission. On the trail north, they took a side trip to the Palouse Falls. In June 1841, the party of Lieutenant Robert E. Johnson, United States Navy, of the United States Exploring Expedition took several routes through current Eastern Washington. He described the Walla Walla Colville fur trade route taken by Horatio Hale, as the most direct route from north to south in Eastern Washington. In 1847, Paul Kane traveled the trail in the summer of 1847. He visited Palouse Falls July 14 and 15, 1847 and drew the first drawing of the falls. His trip is detailed in "Wanderings of an artist among the Indians of North America : from Canada to Vancouver's Island and Oregon through the Hudson's Bay Company's territory and back again" In 1853, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens mentioned the Walla Walla Colville trail in this report to U.S. Congress regarding viable railroad routes in the Washington Territory. In 1858, Joseph S. Harris with the U.S. Northwest Boundary Commission described the road between Walla Walla and Colville as an excellent wagon road. As a military road In 1859, Captain John Mullan came to Fort Colville to ascertain improvement to the Fort Walla Walla–Fort Colville Military Road in preparation for building the Mullan Road. In spring 1860, R. V. Peabody, Quartermaster of the U.S. Northwest Boundary Commission, made improvements on the wagon road from Fort Colville to the Spokane River to allow survey teams to travel to the international border along the 49th parallel between the Selkirk Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. On September 28, 1860, First lieutenant August Kautz, 4th Infantry, arrived at Fort Colville with 150 recruits from Fort Benton, Montana via Lake Coeur d'Alene along the Mullan Road. His journal recorded the route from Coeur d'Alene to the fort along the road built by the U.S. Northwest Boundary Commission above the Spokane River and then along the Fort Walla Walla–Fort Colville Military Road. The original Spokane County, and then after merger with Stevens County Board of County Commissioners often referenced the military road particularly regarding repair of bridges and maintenance of the road. Traveling the road now The historic road and modern driving route begins on Myra Street at Fort Walla Walla, now part of Fort Walla Walla Park. Along Poplar Street, the route passes the Fort Walla Walla Park, heading north on Avery Street, east onto West Rose Street, turning north onto North 13th Avenue and passing through an industrial area for a quarter-mile and under US Route 12 after North 13th Avenue, where the road becomes State Route 125 (SR 125), and passes the Washington State Penitentiary. Dry land farming starts at the penitentiary walls and continues for much of the route, which crosses the Touchet River, turns east towards Prescott on SR 124, and follows Smith Springs Road before turning north. Because private property impedes drivers from following the military road into current Columbia County, drivers stay in Walla Walla County until just before crossing the Lyons Ferry Bridge, where the Palouse River flows south into the Snake River, and crosses Columbia County in its northwest corner. The road then crosses the Snake River at the Josso High Bridge on SR 261 and passes by Lyons Ferry Park in Franklin County. Continuing on SR 261 and turning north at Nunamaker Road, the route eventually reconnects with SR 261, where it becomes SR 260, and proceeds towards Washtucna, Adams County. Two miles north of Washtucna, the route turns onto Benge-Washtucna Road and continues for 14 miles to Benge. The town has a historical marker for the Mullan Road and the Stone Corral, as well as a trailhead for the Columbia Plateau Trail. On the east side of Sprague Lake upon entering Lincoln County, Danekas Road then turns into Max Harder Road. At Sprague, the road turns north onto SR 23, which continues onto SR 231. After nine miles, the route then turns onto Waukon Road, followed by another turn to Hallett Road. The road passes through western Spokane County, parallel to SR 231, along several county roads. A monument erected by the Eastern Washington Historical Society to the "Explorers Fur Traders Missionaries Soldiers and Pioneers who made an Indian Trail The Colville Walla Walla Road" is on U.S. Route 2. Nearby is the site of Camp Washington, where on October 29, 1853, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens met both his eastern and western divisions of the Northern Pacific Railroad Exploration and Survey exploring routes from the Rockies to the coast of the Washington territory for railway development. Wagons on the military road descended into Curby Canyon to initially ford the Spokane River and later to cross on LaPray Bridge into Stevens County. The ferry was submerged under Long Lake in 1915. SR 231 goes west of Long Lake Dam, and reconnects with the military road near the town of Ford. The highway passes the historic Tshimakain Mission and travels through Springdale, Washington, where the military road moved to the west side of the Colville River Valley on Long Prairie Road. The 1859 route of Archibald Campbell and the U.S. Northwest Boundary Commission and field notes from Lieutenant August Kautz indicated that the route crossed northeast to Fool's Prairie, now called Chewelah, crossing the Colville River near Indian Ridge. Leaving Chewelah to the north, the road passed the St. Francis Regis Mission, a Catholic mission from 1845 to 1869. The military road mostly followed current U.S. Route 395, passing near Addy. About two miles south of what is now Colville, the military road turned northeast from the established trail to avoid Hudson Bay Company lands. As this portion of the road no longer exists and resumes on Aladdin Road, where the military road passed east of the original site of the Immaculate Conception Catholic Church and the Calvary cemetery. References External links Stevens County Historical Society Fort Colville Museum has a Fort Colville display and holds archive of Fort Walla Walla–Fort Colville Military Road research project Kettle Falls Historical Center has some items from Fort Colville on display The Heritage Network Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History Fort Walla Walla Museum Historic trails and roads in Washington (state) Military roads Ferries of Washington (state) Forts in Washington (state) Closed installations of the United States Army Washington Territory Native American history of Washington (state)
Chinese New Year is the festival that celebrates the beginning of a new year on the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar. In Chinese, the festival is commonly referred to as the Spring Festival () as the spring season in the lunisolar calendar traditionally starts with lichun, the first of the twenty-four solar terms which the festival celebrates around the time of the Chinese New Year. Marking the end of winter and the beginning of the spring season, observances traditionally take place from Chinese New Year's Eve, the evening preceding the first day of the year, to the Lantern Festival, held on the 15th day of the year. The first day of Chinese New Year begins on the new moon that appears between 21 January and 20 February. Chinese New Year is one of the most important holidays in Chinese culture, and has strongly influenced Lunar New Year celebrations of its 56 ethnic groups, such as the Losar of Tibet (), and of China's neighbours, including the Korean New Year (), and the of Vietnam, as well as in Okinawa. It is also celebrated worldwide in regions and countries that house significant Overseas Chinese or Sinophone populations, especially in Southeast Asia. These include Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is also prominent beyond Asia, especially in Australia, Canada, Mauritius, New Zealand, Peru, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as various European countries. The Chinese New Year is associated with several myths and customs. The festival was traditionally a time to honour deities as well as ancestors. Within China, regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the New Year vary widely, and the evening preceding the New Year's Day is frequently regarded as an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also a tradition for every family to thoroughly clean their house, in order to sweep away any ill fortune and to make way for incoming good luck. Another custom is the decoration of windows and doors with red paper-cuts and couplets. Popular themes among these paper-cuts and couplets include good fortune or happiness, wealth, and longevity. Other activities include lighting firecrackers and giving money in red envelopes. Dates in Chinese lunisolar calendar The Chinese calendar defines the lunar month containing the winter solstice as the eleventh month, meaning that Chinese New Year usually falls on the second new moon after the winter solstice (rarely the third if an intercalary month intervenes). In more than 96 per cent of the years, Chinese New Year's Day is the closest date to a new moon to lichun () on 4 or 5 February, and the first new moon after dahan (). In the Gregorian calendar, the Chinese New Year begins at the new moon that falls between 21 January and 20 February. Mythology According to legend, Chinese New Year started with a mythical beast called the Nian (a beast that lives under the sea or in the mountains) during the annual Spring Festival. The Nian would eat villagers, especially children in the middle of the night. One year, all the villagers decided to hide from the beast. An older man appeared before the villagers went into hiding and said that he would stay the night and would get revenge on the Nian. The old man put red papers up and set off firecrackers. The day after, the villagers came back to their town and saw that nothing had been destroyed. They assumed that the old man was a deity who came to save them. The villagers then understood that Yanhuang had discovered that the Nian was afraid of the color red and loud noises. Then the tradition grew when New Year was approaching, and the villagers would wear red clothes, hang red lanterns, and red spring scrolls on windows and doors and used firecrackers and drums to frighten away the Nian. From then on, Nian never came to the village again. The Nian was eventually captured by Hongjun Laozu, an ancient Taoist monk. History Before the new year celebration was established, ancient Chinese gathered and celebrated the end of harvest in autumn. However, this was not the Mid-Autumn Festival, during which Chinese gathered with family to worship the Moon. In the Classic of Poetry, a poem written during Western Zhou (1045 BC – 771 BC) by an anonymous farmer, described the traditions of celebrating the 10th month of the ancient solar calendar, which was in autumn. According to the poem, during this time people clean millet-stack sites, toast guests with mijiu (rice wine), kill lambs and cook their meat, go to their masters' home, toast the master, and cheer the prospect of living long together. The 10th-month celebration is believed to be one of the prototypes of Chinese New Year. The records of the first Chinese new year celebration can be traced to the Warring States period (475 BC – 221 AD). In the Lüshi Chunqiu, in Qin state an exorcism ritual to expel illness, called "Big Nuo" (大儺), was recorded as being carried out on the last day of the year. Later, Qin unified China, and the Qin dynasty was founded; and the ritual spread. It evolved into the practice of cleaning one's house thoroughly in the days preceding Chinese New Year. The first mention of celebrating at the start of a new year was recorded during the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD). In the book Simin Yueling (四民月令), written by the Eastern Han agronomist Cui Shi (崔寔), a celebration was described: "The starting day of the first month, is called Zheng Ri. I bring my wife and children, to worship ancestors and commemorate my father." Later he wrote: "Children, wife, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren all serve pepper wine to their parents, make their toast, and wish their parents good health. It's a thriving view." The practice of worshipping ancestors on New Year's Eve is maintained by Chinese people to this day. Han Chinese also started the custom of visiting acquaintances' homes and wishing each other a happy new year. In Book of the Later Han, volume 27, a county officer was recorded as going to his prefect's house with a government secretary, toasting the prefect, and praising the prefect's merit. During the Jin dynasty (266 – 420 AD), people started the New Year's Eve tradition of all-night revelry called shousui (守歲). It was described in Western Jin general Zhou Chu's article Fengtu Ji (風土記 “Notes on Local Conditions”): "At the ending of a year, people gift and wish each other, calling it Kuisui (饋歲 “gift time”); people invited others with drinks and food, calling it Biesui (別歲 “others time”); on New Year's Eve, people stayed up all night until sunrise, calling it Shousui (守歲 “guard the year”)." The article used the word chu xi (除夕) to indicate New Year's Eve, and the name is still used until this day. The Northern and Southern dynasties book Jingchu Suishiji described the practice of firing bamboo in the early morning of New Year's Day, which became a New Year tradition of the ancient Chinese. Poet and chancellor of the Tang dynasty Lai Gu also described this tradition in his poem Early Spring (早春): "新曆才将半纸开，小亭猶聚爆竿灰", meaning "Another new year just started as a half opening paper, and the family gathered around the dust of exploded bamboo pole". The practice was used by ancient Chinese people to scare away evil spirits, since firing bamboo would noisily crack or explode the hard plant. During the Tang dynasty, people established the custom of sending bai nian tie (拜年帖), which are New Year's greeting cards. It is said that the custom was started by Emperor Taizong of Tang. The emperor wrote "普天同慶" (whole nation celebrate together) on gold leaves and sent them to his ministers. Word of the emperor's gesture spread, and later it became the custom of people in general, who used Xuan paper instead of gold leaves. Another theory is that bai nian tie was derived from the Han dynasty's name tag, "門狀" (door opening). As imperial examinations became essential and reached their heyday under the Tang dynasty, candidates curried favour to become pupils of respected teachers, in order to get recommendation letters. After obtaining good examination marks, a pupil went to the teacher's home with a men zhuang (门状) to convey their gratitude. Therefore, eventually men zhuang became a symbol of good luck, and people started sending them to friends on New Year's Day, calling them by a new name, bai nian tie (拜年帖, New Year's Greetings). The Chunlian (Spring Couplets) was written by Meng Chang, an emperor of the Later Shu (935–965 AD), during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period："新年納餘慶，嘉節號長春" (Enjoying past legacies in the new year, the holiday foreseeing the long-lasting spring). As described by Song dynasty official Zhang Tangying in his book Shu Tao Wu, volume 2: on the day of New Year's Eve, the emperor ordered the scholar Xin Yinxun to write the couplets on peach wood and hang them on the emperor's bedroom door. It is believed that placing the couplets on the door to the home in the days preceding the new year was widespread during the Song dynasty. The famous Northern Song politician, litterateur, philosopher, and poet Wang Anshi recorded the custom in his poem "元日" (New Year's Day). The poem Yuan Ri (元日) also includes the word "爆竹" (bao zhu, exploding bamboo), which is believed to be a reference to firecrackers, instead of the previous tradition of firing bamboo, both of which are called the same in the Chinese language. After gunpowder was invented in the Tang dynasty and widely used under the Song dynasty, people modified the tradition of firing bamboo by filling the bamboo pole with gunpowder, which made for louder explosions. Later under the Song, people discarded the bamboo and started to use paper to wrap the gunpowder in cylinders, in imitation of the bamboo. The firecracker was still called "爆竹", thus equating the new and old traditions. It is also recorded that people linked the firecrackers with hemp rope and created the "鞭炮" (bian pao, gunpowder whip) in the Song dynasty. Both "爆竹" and "鞭炮" are still used by present-day people to celebrate the Chinese New Year and other festive occasions. It was also during the Song dynasty that people started to give money to children in celebration of a new year. The money was called sui nian qian (随年钱), meaning "the money based on age". In the chapter "Ending of a year" (歲除) of Wulin jiushi (武林舊事), the writer recorded that concubines of the emperor prepared a hundred and twenty coins for princes and princesses, to wish them long lives. The new year celebration continued under the Yuan dynasty, when people also gave nian gao (年糕, year cakes) to relatives. The tradition of eating Chinese dumplings jiaozi (餃子) was established under the Ming dynasty at the latest. It is described in the book Youzhongzhi (酌中志): "People get up at 5 in the morning of new year's day, burn incense and light firecrackers, throw door latch or wooden bars in the air three times, drink pepper and thuja wine, eat dumplings. Sometimes put one or two silver currency inside dumplings, and whoever gets the money will attain a year of fortune." Modern Chinese people also put other food that is auspicious into dumplings: such as dates, which prophesy a flourishing new year; candy, which predicts sweet days; and nian gao, which foretells a rich life. In the Qing dynasty, the name ya sui qian (壓歲錢, New Year's Money) was given to the lucky money given to children at the new year. The book Qing Jia Lu (清嘉錄) recorded: "elders give children coins threaded together by a red string, and the money is called Ya Sui Qian." The name is still used by modern Chinese people. The lucky money was presented in one of two forms: one was coins strung on red string; the other was a colourful purse filled with coins. In 1928, the ruling Kuomintang party decreed that the Chinese New Year would fall on 1 Jan of the Gregorian Calendar, but this was abandoned due to overwhelming popular opposition. In 1967, during the Cultural Revolution, official Chinese New Year celebrations were banned in China. The State Council of the People's Republic of China announced that the public should "change customs"; have a "revolutionized and fighting Spring Festival"; and since people needed to work on Chinese New Year Eve, they did not need holidays during Spring Festival day. The old celebrations were reinstated in 1980. Naming While "Chinese New Year" remains the official name for the festival in Taiwan, the name "Spring Festival" was adopted by the People's Republic of China instead. On the other hand, some in the Chinese diaspora use the term "Lunar New Year", while "Chinese New Year" remains a popular and convenient translation for people of non-Chinese cultural backgrounds. Along with the Han Chinese in and outside Greater China, as many as 29 of the 55 ethnic minority groups in China also celebrate Chinese New Year. Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines celebrate it as an official festival. Public holiday Chinese New Year is observed as a public holiday in some countries and territories where there is a sizeable Chinese population. Since Chinese New Year falls on different dates on the Gregorian calendar every year on different days of the week, some of these governments opt to shift working days in order to accommodate a longer public holiday. In some countries, a statutory holiday is added on the following work day if the New Year (as a public holiday) falls on a weekend, as in the case of 2013, where the New Year's Eve (9 February) falls on Saturday and the New Year's Day (10 February) on Sunday. Depending on the country, the holiday may be termed differently; common names in English are "Chinese New Year", "Lunar New Year", "New Year Festival", and "Spring Festival". For New Year celebrations that are lunar but are outside of China and Chinese diaspora (such as Korea's Seollal and Vietnam's Tết), see the article on Lunar New Year. For other countries and regions where Chinese New Year is celebrated but not an official holiday, see the table below. Festivities During the festival, people around China will prepare different gourmet dishes for their families and guests. Influenced by the flourished cultures, foods from different places look and taste totally different. Among them, the most well-known ones are dumplings from northern China and Tangyuan from southern China. Preceding days On the eighth day of the lunar month prior to Chinese New Year, the Laba holiday (), a traditional porridge, Laba porridge (), is served in remembrance of an ancient festival, called La, that occurred shortly after the winter solstice. Pickles such as Laba garlic, which turns green from vinegar, are also made on this day. For those that practice Buddhism, the Laba holiday is also considered Bodhi Day. Layue () is a term often associated with Chinese New Year as it refers to the sacrifices held in honour of the gods in the twelfth lunar month, hence the cured meats of Chinese New Year are known as larou (). The porridge was prepared by the women of the household at first light, with the first bowl offered to the family's ancestors and the household deities. Every member of the family was then served a bowl, with leftovers distributed to relatives and friends. It's still served as a special breakfast on this day in some Chinese homes. The concept of the "La month" is similar to Advent in Christianity. Many families eat vegetarian on Chinese New Year eve, the garlic and preserved meat are eaten on Chinese New Year day. On the days immediately before the New Year celebration, Chinese families give their homes a thorough cleaning. There is a Cantonese saying "Wash away the dirt on nin ya baat" (), but the practice is not restricted to nin ya baat (the 28th day of month 12). It is believed the cleaning sweeps away the bad luck of the preceding year and makes their homes ready for good luck. Brooms and dust pans are put away on the first day so that the newly arrived good luck cannot be swept away. Some people give their homes, doors and window-frames a new coat of red paint; decorators and paper-hangers do a year-end rush of business prior to Chinese New Year. Homes are often decorated with paper cutouts of Chinese auspicious phrases and couplets. Purchasing new clothing and shoes also symbolize a new start. Any hair cuts need to be completed before the New Year, as cutting hair on New Year is considered bad luck due to the homonymic nature of the word "hair" (fa) and the word for "prosperity". Businesses are expected to pay off all the debts outstanding for the year before the new year eve, extending to debts of gratitude. Thus it is a common practice to send gifts and rice to close business associates, and extended family members. In many households where Buddhism or Taoism is observed, home altars and statues are cleaned thoroughly, and decorations used to adorn altars over the past year are taken down and burned a week before the new year starts on Little New Year, to be replaced with new decorations. Taoists (and Buddhists to a lesser extent) will also "send gods back to heaven" (), an example would be burning a paper effigy of Zao Jun the Kitchen God, the recorder of family functions. This is done so that the Kitchen God can report to the Jade Emperor of the family household's transgressions and good deeds. Families often offer sweet foods (such as candy) in order to "bribe" the deities into reporting good things about the family. Prior to the Reunion Dinner, a prayer of thanksgiving is held to mark the safe passage of the previous year. Confucianists take the opportunity to remember their ancestors, and those who had lived before them are revered. Some people do not give a Buddhist prayer due to the influence of Christianity, with a Christian prayer offered instead. Chinese New Year's Eve The day before the Chinese New Year () usually accompanied with a dinner feast, consisting of special meats are served at the tables, as a main course for the dinner and as an offering for the New Year. This meal is comparable to Thanksgiving dinner in the U.S. and remotely similar to Christmas dinner in other countries with a high percentage of Christians. In northern China, it is customary to make jiaozi, or dumplings, after dinner to eat around midnight. Dumplings symbolize wealth because their shape resembles a Chinese sycee. In contrast, in the South, it is customary to make a glutinous new year cake (niangao) and send pieces of it as gifts to relatives and friends in the coming days. Niángāo [Pinyin] literally means "new year cake" with a homophonous meaning of "increasingly prosperous year in year out". After dinner, some families may visit local temples hours before midnight to pray for success by lighting the first incense of the year; however in modern practice, many households held parties to celebrate. Traditionally, firecrackers were lit to ward evil spirits when the household doors sealed, and are not to be reopened until dawn in a ritual called "opening the door of fortune" (). A tradition of staying up late on Chinese New Year's Eve is known as shousui (), which is still practised as it is thought to add on to one's parents' longevity. First day The first day, known as the "Spring Festival" () is for the welcoming of the deities of the heavens and Earth on midnight. It is a traditional practice to light fireworks, burn bamboo sticks and firecrackers, and lion dance troupes, were done commonly as a tradition to ward off evil spirits. Typical actions such as lighting fires and using knives are considered taboo, thus all consumable food has to be cooked prior. Using the broom, swearing, and breaking any dinnerware without appeasing the deities are also considered taboo. Normal traditions occurring on the first day involve house gatherings to the families, specifically the elders and families to the oldest and most senior members of their extended families, usually their parents, grandparents and great-grandparents, and trading Mandarin oranges as a courtesy to symbolize wealth and good luck. Members of the family who are married also give red envelopes containing cash known as lai see (Cantonese: ) or angpow (Hokkien and Teochew), or hongbao (Mandarin: ), a form of a blessing and to suppress both the ageing and challenges that were associated with the coming year, to junior members of the family, mostly children and teenagers. Business managers may also give bonuses in the form of red packets to employees. The money can be of any form, specifically numbers ending with 8, which sounded as huat (Mandarin: ), meaning prosperity, but packets with denominations of odd numbers or without money are usually not allowed due to bad luck, especially the number 4 which sounded as si (Mandarin: ), which means death. While fireworks and firecrackers are traditionally very popular, some regions have banned them due to concerns over fire hazards. For this reason, various city governments (e.g., Kowloon, Beijing, Shanghai for a number of years) issued bans over fireworks and firecrackers in certain precincts of the city. As a substitute, large-scale fireworks display have been launched by governments in Hong Kong and Singapore. Second day The second day, entitled "a year's beginning" (), oversees married daughters visiting their birth parents, relatives and close friends, often renew family ties and relationship. (Traditionally, married daughters didn't have the opportunity to visit their birth families frequently.) The second day also saw giving offering money and sacrifices to God of Wealth () to symbolize a rewarding time after hardship in the preceding year. During the days of imperial China, "beggars and other unemployed people circulate[d] from family to family, carrying a picture [of the God of Wealth] shouting, "Cai Shen dao!" [The God of Wealth has come!]." Householders would respond with "lucky money" to reward the messengers. Business people of the Cantonese dialect group will hold a 'Hoi Nin' prayer to start their business on the second day of Chinese New Year, blessing business to strive in the coming year. As this day is believed to be The Birthday of Che Kung, a deity worshipped in Hong Kong, worshippers go to Che Kung Temples to pray for his blessing. A representative from the government asks Che Kung about the city's fortune through kau cim. Third day The third day is known as "red mouth" (). Chikou is also called "Chigou's Day" (). Chigou, literally "red dog", is an epithet of "the God of Blazing Wrath" (). Rural villagers continue the tradition of burning paper offerings over trash fires. It is considered an unlucky day to have guests or go visiting. Hakka villagers in rural Hong Kong in the 1960s called it the Day of the Poor Devil and believed everyone should stay at home. This is also considered a propitious day to visit the temple of the God of Wealth and have one's future told. Fourth day In those communities that celebrate Chinese New Year for 15 days, the fourth day is when corporate "spring dinners" kick off and business returns to normal. Other areas that have a longer Chinese New Year holiday will celebrate and welcome the gods that were previously sent on this day. Fifth day This day is the god of Wealth's birthday. In northern China, people eat jiaozi, or dumplings, on the morning of powu (). In Taiwan, businesses traditionally re-open on the next day (the sixth day), accompanied by firecrackers. It is also common in China that on the 5th day people will shoot off firecrackers to get Guan Yu's attention, thus ensuring his favour and good fortune for the new year. Sixth day The sixth day is Horse's Day, on which people drive away the Ghost of Poverty by throwing out the garbage stored up during the festival. The ways vary but basically have the same meaning—to drive away the Ghost of Poverty, which reflects the general desire of the Chinese people to ring out the old and ring in the new, to send away the previous poverty and hardship and to usher in the good life of the New Year. Seventh day The seventh day, traditionally known as Renri (the common person's birthday), is the day when everyone grows one year older. In some overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia and Singapore, it is also the day when tossed raw fish salad, yusheng, is eaten for continued wealth and prosperity. For many Chinese Buddhists, this is another day to avoid meat, the seventh day commemorating the birth of Sakra, lord of the devas in Buddhist cosmology who is analogous to the Jade Emperor. Eighth day Another family dinner is held to celebrate the eve of the birth of the Jade Emperor, the ruler of heaven. People normally return to work by the eighth day, therefore the Store owners will host a lunch/dinner with their employees, thanking their employees for the work they have done for the whole year. Ninth day The ninth day is traditionally known as the birthday of the Jade Emperor of Heaven () and many people offered prayer in the Taoist Pantheon as thanks or gratitude., and it is commonly known as called Ti Kong Dan (), Ti Kong Si () or Pai Ti Kong (), which is especially important to Hokkiens other than the first day of the Chinese New Year. A prominent requisite offering is sugarcane. Legends holds that the Hokkien were spared from a massacre by Japanese pirates by hiding in a sugarcane plantation between the eighth and ninth days of the Chinese New Year, coinciding with the Jade Emperor's birthday. "Sugarcane" () is a near homonym to "thank you" () in the Hokkien dialect. In the morning (traditionally anytime between midnight and 7 am), Taiwanese households set up an altar table with three layers: one top (containing offertories of six vegetables (; those being noodles, fruits, cakes, tangyuan, vegetable bowls, and unripe betel), all decorated with paper lanterns) and two lower levels (five sacrifices and wines) to honour the deities below the Jade Emperor. The household then kneels three times and kowtows nine times to pay obeisance and wish him a long life. Incense, tea, fruit, vegetarian food or roast pig, and gold paper, are served as a customary protocol for paying respect to an honoured person. Tenth day The nation celebrates the Jade Emperor's birthday on this day. Fifteenth day The fifteenth day of the new year is celebrated as the Lantern Festival, also known as the Yuanxiao Festival (), the Shangyuan Festival (), and Chap Goh Meh ( in Hokkien). Rice dumplings, or tangyuan (), a sweet glutinous rice ball brewed in a soup, are eaten this day. Candles are lit outside houses as a way to guide wayward spirits home. Families may walk the streets carrying lanterns, which sometimes have riddles attached to or written on them as a tradition. In China and Malaysia, this day is celebrated by individuals seeking a romantic partner, akin to Valentine's Day. Nowadays, single women write their contact number on mandarin oranges and throw them in a river or a lake after which single men collect the oranges and eat them. The taste is an indication of their possible love: sweet represents a good fate while sour represents a bad fate. This day often marks the end of the Chinese New Year festivities. Traditional food A reunion dinner (nián yè fàn) is held on New Year's Eve during which family members gather for a celebration. The venue will usually be in or near the home of the most senior member of the family. The New Year's Eve dinner is very large and sumptuous and traditionally includes dishes of meat (namely, pork and chicken) and fish. Most reunion dinners also feature a communal hot pot as it is believed to signify the coming together of the family members for the meal. Most reunion dinners (particularly in the Southern regions) also prominently feature speciality meats (e.g. wax-cured meats like duck and Chinese sausage) and seafood (e.g. lobster and abalone) that are usually reserved for this and other special occasions during the remainder of the year. In most areas, fish () is included, but not eaten completely (and the remainder is stored overnight), as the Chinese phrase "may there be surpluses every year" () sounds the same as "let there be fish every year." Eight individual dishes are served to reflect the belief of good fortune associated with the number. If in the previous year a death was experienced in the family, seven dishes are served. Other traditional foods consists of noodles, fruits, dumplings, spring rolls, and Tangyuan which are also known as sweet rice balls. Each dish served during Chinese New Year represents something special. The noodles used to make longevity noodles are usually very thin, long wheat noodles. These noodles are longer than normal noodles that are usually fried and served on a plate, or boiled and served in a bowl with its broth. The noodles symbolize the wish for a long life. The fruits that are typically selected would be oranges, tangerines, and pomelos as they are round and "golden" color symbolizing fullness and wealth. Their lucky sound when spoken also brings good luck and fortune. The Chinese pronunciation for orange is 橙 (chéng), which sounds the same as the Chinese for 'success' (成). One of the ways to spell tangerine(桔 jú) contains the Chinese character for luck (吉 jí). Pomelos are believed to bring constant prosperity. Pomelo in Chinese (柚 yòu) sounds similar to 'to have' (有 yǒu), disregarding its tone, however it sounds exactly like 'again' (又 yòu). Dumplings and spring rolls symbolize wealth, whereas sweet rice balls symbolize family togetherness. Red packets for the immediate family are sometimes distributed during the reunion dinner. These packets contain money in an amount that reflects good luck and honorability. Several foods are consumed to usher in wealth, happiness, and good fortune. Several of the Chinese food names are homophones for words that also mean good things. Many families in China still follow the tradition of eating only vegetarian food on the first day of the New Year, as it is believed that doing so will bring good luck into their lives for the whole year. Like many other New Year dishes, certain ingredients also take special precedence over others as these ingredients also have similar-sounding names with prosperity, good luck, or even counting money. Practices Red envelopes Traditionally, red envelopes or red packets (; Mandarin ; Hokkien ; Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùng-pâu), alternatively known as lai see particularly in Cantonese speaking areas (), are passed out during the Chinese New Year's celebrations, from married couples or the elderly to unmarried juniors or children. During this period, red packets are also known as yasuiqian (), which was evolved from a homophonous phrase yasuiqian (), literally meaning "money to suppress evil spirits". According to legend, a demon named Sui patted a child on the head three times on New Year's Eve, and the child would have a fever. The parents wrapped coins in red paper and placed them next to their children's pillows. When Sui came, the flash of the coin scared him away. From then on, every New Year's Eve, parents will wrap the coin in red paper to protect their children. Red packets almost always contain money, usually varying from a couple of dollars to several hundred. Chinese superstitions favour amounts that begin with even numbers, such as 8 (八, ), a homophone for "wealth", and 6 (六, ), a homophone for "smooth"—but not the number 4 (四, ), which is a homophone of "death", and is, as such, considered unlucky in Asian culture. Odd numbers are also avoided, as they are associated with cash given during funerals (帛金, ). It is also customary for bills placed inside a red envelope to be new. The act of asking for red packets (Mandarin: 討紅包; tǎo hóngbāo, Cantonese: 逗利是; dauh laih sih) wouldn't be turned down by a married person as it would mean that he or she would be "out of luck" in the new year. Red packets are generally given by married couples to the younger non-married members of the family. It is custom and polite for children to wish elders a happy new year and a year of happiness, health and good fortune before accepting the red envelope. Red envelopes are then kept under the pillow and slept on for seven nights after Chinese New Year before opening because that symbolizes good luck and fortune. In Taiwan in the 2000s, some employers also gave red packets as a bonus to maids, nurses or domestic workers from Southeast Asian countries, although whether this is appropriate is controversial. In the mid-2010s, Chinese messaging apps such as WeChat popularized the distribution of red envelopes in a virtual format via mobile payments, usually within group chats. In 2017, it was estimated that over 100 billion of these virtual red envelopes would be sent over the New Year holiday. Mythology In ancient times, there was a monster named sui (祟) which comes out on New Year's Eve and touches the heads of sleeping children. The child will be frightened by the touch and wake up and have a fever. The fever eventually will cause the child to have intellectual disabilities. Hence, families will light up their homes and stay awake, leading to a tradition of shou sui (守祟), to guard against sui harming their children. A folklore tale of sui is about an elderly couple with a precious son. On the night of New Year's Eve, since they were afraid that sui would come, they took out eight pieces of copper coins to play with their son in order to keep him awake. Their son was very sleepy, however, so they let him go to sleep after placing a red paper bag containing the copper coins under the child's pillow. The two older children also stayed with him for the whole night. Suddenly, the doors and windows were blown open by a strange wind, and even the candlelight was extinguished. It turned out to be a sui. When the sui was going to reach out and touch the child's head, the pillow suddenly brightened with the golden light, and the sui was scared away, so the exorcism effect of "red paper wrapped copper money" spread in the past China (see also Chinese numismatic charms). The money is then called "ya sui qian (壓歲錢)", the money to suppress sui. Another tale is that a huge demon was terrorizing a village and there was nobody in the village who was able to defeat the demon; many warriors and statesmen had tried with no luck. A young orphan stepped in, armed with a magical sword that was inherited from his ancestors, and battled the demon, eventually killing it. Peace was finally restored to the village, and the elders all presented the brave young man with a red envelope filled with money to repay the young orphan for his courage and for ridding the village of the demon. Gift exchange In addition to red envelopes, which are usually given from older people to younger people, small gifts (usually food or sweets) are also exchanged between friends or relatives (of different households) during Chinese New Year. Gifts are usually brought when visiting friends or relatives at their homes. Common gifts include fruits (typically oranges, but never trade pears), cakes, biscuits, chocolates, and candies. Gifts are preferred to be wrapped with red or golden paper, which symbolizes good luck. Certain items should not be given, as they are considered taboo. Taboo gifts include: items associated with funerals (i.e. handkerchiefs, towels, chrysanthemums, items coloured white and black) items that show that time is running out (i.e. clocks and watches) sharp objects that symbolize cutting a tie (i.e. scissors and knives) items that symbolize that you want to walk away from a relationship (examples: shoes and sandals) mirrors homonyms for unpleasant topics (examples: "clock" sounds like "the funeral ritual" or "the end of life", green hats because "wear a green hat" sounds like "cuckold", "handkerchief" sounds like "goodbye", "pear" sounds like "separate", "umbrella" sounds like "disperse", and "shoe" sounds like a "rough" year). Markets Markets or village fairs are set up as the New Year is approaching. These usually open-air markets feature new year related products such as flowers, toys, clothing, and even fireworks and firecrackers. It is convenient for people to buy gifts for their new year visits as well as their home decorations. In some places, the practice of shopping for the perfect plum tree is not dissimilar to the Western tradition of buying a Christmas tree. Fireworks Bamboo stems filled with gunpowder that was burnt to create small explosions were once used in ancient China to drive away evil spirits. In modern times, this method has eventually evolved into the use of firecrackers during the festive season. Firecrackers are usually strung on a long fused string so it can be hung down. Each firecracker is rolled up in red papers, as red is auspicious, with gunpowder in its core. Once ignited, the firecracker lets out a loud popping noise and, as they are usually strung together by the hundreds, the firecrackers are known for their deafening explosions that are thought to scare away evil spirits. The burning of firecrackers also signifies a joyful time of year and has become an integral aspect of Chinese New Year celebrations. Since the 2000s, firecrackers have been banned in various countries and towns. Music "Happy New Year!" () is a popular children's song for the New Year holiday. The melody is similar to the American folk song, Oh My Darling, Clementine. Another popular Chinese New Year song is Gong Xi Gong Xi() . Movies Watching Chinese New Year films is an expression of Chinese cultural identity. During the New Year holidays, the stage boss gathers the most popular actors whom from various troupes let them perform repertories from Qing dynasty. Nowadays many people celebrate the new year by watching these movies. Hong Kong filmmakers also release Chinese New Year films, mostly comedies, at this time of year. Clothing The color red is commonly worn throughout Chinese New Year; traditional beliefs held that red could scare away evil spirits. The wearing of new clothes is another clothing custom during the festival; the new clothes symbolize a new beginning in the year. Family portrait In some places, the taking of a family portrait is an important ceremony after the relatives are gathered. The photo is taken at the hall of the house or taken in front of the house. The most senior male head of the family sits in the center. Symbolism As with all cultures, Chinese New Year traditions incorporate elements that are symbolic of deeper meaning. One common example of Chinese New Year symbolism is the red diamond-shaped fu characters (), which are displayed on the entrances of Chinese homes. This sign is usually seen hanging upside down, since the Chinese word for "upside down" (倒; dào), is homophonous or nearly homophonous with the word for "arrive" (到; dào) in all varieties of Chinese. Therefore, it symbolizes the arrival of luck, happiness, and prosperity. For Cantonese-speaking people, if the fu sign is hung upside down, the implied dao (upside down) sounds like the Cantonese word for "pour", producing "pour the luck [away]", which would usually symbolize bad luck; this is why the fu character is not usually hung upside-down in Cantonese communities. Red is the predominant color used in New Year celebrations. Red is the emblem of joy, and this color also symbolizes virtue, truth and sincerity. On the Chinese opera stage, a painted red face usually denotes a sacred or loyal personage and sometimes a great emperor. Candies, cakes, decorations and many things associated with the New Year and its ceremonies are coloured red. The sound of the Chinese word for "red" () is in Mandarin homophonous with the word for "prosperous." Therefore, red is an auspicious color and has an auspicious sound. According to Chinese tradition, the year of the pig is a generally unlucky year for the public, which is why you need to reevaluate most of your decisions before you reach a conclusion. However, this only helps you get even more control over your life as you learn to stay ahead of everything by being cautious. Nianhua Nianhua can be a form of Chinese coloured woodblock printing, for decoration during Chinese New Year. Nianhua uses a range of subjects to express and invite positive prospects as the new year begins. The most popular representatives of these prospects take inspiration from nature, religion, folklore, etc., and are portrayed in flashy and lively ways. Flowers The following are popular floral decorations for the New Year and are available at new year markets. {\| class="wikitable" !Floral Decor \|\|Meaning \|- \|Plum Blossom \|\| symbolizes luckiness \|- \|Kumquat \|\| symbolizes prosperity \|- \|Calamondin \|Symbolizes luck \|- \|Narcissus \|\| symbolizes prosperity \|- \|Bamboo \|\| a plant used for any time of year, its sturdiness represents strength \|- \|Sunflower \|\| means to have a good year \|- \|Eggplant \|\|a plant to heal all of your sicknesses \|- \|Chom Mon Plant \|\| a plant which gives you tranquility \|- \|Orchid \|represents fertility and abundance, as well as good taste, beauty, luxury and innocence \|} Each flower has a symbolic meaning, and many Chinese people believe that it may usher in the values that it represents. In general, except those in lucky colour like red and yellow, chrysanthemum should not be put at home during the new year, because it is normally used for ancestral veneration. Icons and ornaments {\| class="wikitable" ! style="width:150px;"\|Icons \|\| Meaning \|\| Illustrations \|- \| Lanterns \|\| These lanterns that differ from those of Mid-Autumn Festival in general. They will be red in color and tend to be oval in shape. These are the traditional Chinese paper lanterns. Those lanterns, used on the fifteenth day of the Chinese New Year for the Lantern Festival, are bright, colorful, and in many different sizes and shapes. \| \|- \| Decoration \|\| Decorations generally convey a New Year greeting. They are not advertisements. Faichun, also known as Huichun—Chinese calligraphy of auspicious Chinese idioms on typically red posters—are hung on doorways and walls. Other decorations include a New year picture, Chinese knots, and papercutting and couplets. \|\| \|- \| Dragon dance and Lion dance \|\| Dragon and lion dances are common during Chinese New Year. It is believed that the loud beats of the drum and the deafening sounds of the cymbals together with the face of the Dragon or lion dancing aggressively can evict bad or evil spirits. Lion dances are also popular for opening of businesses in Hong Kong and Macau. \|\| \|- \| Fu Lu Shou \|\| Nianhua of the Fu Lu Shou \|\| \|- \| Red envelope \|\| Typically given to children, elderly and Dragon/Lion Dance performers while saying t , \|\| \|- \|Shrubs \|\| Citrus trees are typically used for decoration. \|\| \| \| \|} Spring travel Traditionally, families gather together during the Chinese New Year. In modern China, migrant workers in China travel home to have reunion dinners with their families on Chinese New Year's Eve. Owing to a large number of interprovincial travellers, special arrangements were made by railways, buses and airlines starting from 15 days before the New Year's Day. This 40-day period is called chunyun, and is known as the world's largest annual migration. More interurban trips are taken in China in this period than the total population of China. In Taiwan, spring travel is also a major event. The majority of transportation in western Taiwan is in a north–south direction: long-distance travel between urbanized north and hometowns in the rural south. Transportation in eastern Taiwan and that between Taiwan and its islands is less convenient. Cross-strait flights between Taiwan and China began in 2003 as part of Three Links, mostly for "Taiwanese businessmen" to return to Taiwan for the new year. Festivities outside China Chinese New Year is also celebrated annually in many countries which houses significant Chinese populations. These include countries throughout Asia, Oceania, and North America. Sydney, London, and San Francisco claim to host the largest New Year celebration outside of Asia and South America. East Asia Japan Southeast Asia Chinese New Year is a national public holiday in many Southeast Asian countries and considered to be one of the most important holidays of the year. Malaysia Chinese New Year's Eve is typically a half-day holiday in Malaysia, while Chinese New Year is a two-day public holiday. The biggest celebrations take place in Malaysia (notably in Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Johor Bahru and Ipoh. Singapore In Singapore, Chinese New Year is officially a two-day public holiday. Chinese New Year is accompanied by various festive activities. One of the main highlights is the Chinatown celebrations. In 2010, this included a Festive Street Bazaar, nightly staged shows at Kreta Ayer Square and a lion dance competition. The Chingay Parade also features prominently in the celebrations. It is an annual street parade in Singapore, well known for its colourful floats and wide variety of cultural performances. The highlights of the Parade for 2011 include a Fire Party, multi-ethnic performances and an unprecedented travelling dance competition. Philippines In the Philippines, Chinese New Year (Philippine Hokkien ) is considered as one of the important festivals for Chinese Filipinos, and its celebration has also extended to the majority non-Chinese Filipinos, especially since in 2012, Chinese New Year was included as a public regular non-working holiday in the Philippines. During this time of year, the selling or giving of Tikoy, especially by Chinese Filipinos, is widely known and practised in the country. Celebrations are centered primarily in Binondo in Manila, the oldest ever Chinatown in the world, with other celebrations in key cities. Indonesia In Indonesia, the Chinese New Year is officially named Tahun Baru Imlek (), with "Imlek" deriving from the Hokkien word for "Lunar Calendar" (). It is known locally in Hokkien as Sin Cia (). It was celebrated as one of the official national religious holiday by Chinese Indonesians since 18 June 1946 to 1 January 1953 through government regulation signed by President Sukarno on 18 June 1946. It was unofficially celebrated by ethnic Chinese from 1953 to 1967 based on government regulation signed by Vice-President Muhammad Hatta on 5 February 1953 which annul the previous regulation, among others, the Chinese New Year as a national religious holiday. Effectively from 6 December 1967, until 1998, the spiritual practice to celebrate the Chinese New Year by Chinese families was restricted specifically only inside of the Chinese house. This restriction is made by the New Order government through a Presidential Instruction No. 14 of 1967 signed by President Suharto. This restriction is ended when the regime has changed and the President Suharto was overthrown. The celebration was conducted unofficially by Chinese community from 1999 to 2000. On 17 January 2000, the President Abdurrahman Wahid issued Presidential Decree No. 6 of 2000 to annul the previous instruction. On 19 January 2001, the Ministry of Religious Affairs issued Minsterial Decree No.13 of 2001 on Imlek Day as a National Holiday to set Hari Tahun Baru Imlek as a "facultative holiday" for Chinese community. Through the Presidential Decree it was officially declared as a 1 (one) day public religious holiday as of 9 April 2002 by President Megawati. The Indonesian government authorize only the first day of the Chinese New Year as a public religious holiday and it is specifically designated only for Chinese people. In Indonesia, the first day of the Chinese New Year is recognized as a part of the celebration of the Chinese religion and tradition of Chinese community. There are no other official or unofficial of the Chinese New Year as a public holiday. The remaining 14 days are celebrated only by ethnic Chinese families. In Indonesia, the Chinese Year is named as a year of Kǒngzǐ () or Kongzili in Indonesian. Every year, the Ministry of Religious Affairs set the specific date of religious holiday based on input from religious leaders. The Chinese New Year is the only national religious holiday in Indonesia that was enacted specifically with the Presidential Decree, in this case with the Presidential Decree No. 19 of 2002 dated on 9 April 2002. The celebration of the Chinese New Year as a religious holiday is specifically intended only for Chinese people in Indonesia (tradisi masyarakat Cina yang dirayakan secara turun temurun di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, dan umat Agama Tionghoa) and it is not intended to be celebrated by native Indonesians. Cities with significant Chinese populations in Indonesia include Jakarta, Medan, Batam, Surabaya, Semarang, Surakarta, Singkawang, Pangkal Pinang, Binjai, Bagansiapiapi, Tanjungbalai, Pematangsiantar, Selat Panjang, Pekanbaru, Tanjung Pinang, Ketapang, Pontianak, Sungailiat, Tanjung Pandan, Manggar, Toboali, Muntok, Lubuk Pakam, Bandung, Rantau Prapat, Tebing Tinggi, Sibolga, Dumai, Panipahan, Bagan Batu, Tanjung Balai Karimun, Jambi, Palembang, Bengkayang, Manado, and Tangerang always have its own New Year's celebration every years with parade and fireworks. A lot shopping malls decorated its building with lantern, Chinese words and lion or dragon with red and gold as main colour. Lion dance is a common sight around Chinese houses, temples and its shophouses. Usually, the Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist Chinese will burn a big incense made by aloeswood with dragon-decorated at front of their house. The Chinese temple is open 24 hours at the first day, their also distributes a red envelopes and sometimes rice, fruits or sugar to the poor around. Thailand Chinese New Year festivities occur throughout the country, especially in provinces where many people of Chinese descent live such as Nakhon Sawan, Suphan Buri, and Phuket. Observed by Thai Chinese and parts of the private sector, the festival is usually celebrated for three days, starting on the day before Chinese New Year's Eve. Chinese New Year is observed as a public holiday in Narathiwat, Pattani, Yala, Satun and Songkhla Provinces. For the year 2021 (one year only) the government declared Chinese New Year a government holiday. It applies mostly to civil servants, financial institutions and private businesses can decide whether or not to observe it. Divided into 3 days, the first day is the Wan chai (; pay day), meaning the day that people go out to shop for offerings, the second day is the Wan wai (; worship day), is a day of worshiping the gods and ancestral spirits, which is divided into three periods: dawn, late morning and afternoon, the third day is a Wan tieow (; holiday), is a holiday where everyone will leave the house to travel or to bless relatives or respectable people, often wearing red clothes which is believed to bring auspiciousness to life. In the capital Bangkok, there are large celebrations in Chinatown, Yaowarat Road, where the main road is closed and turns into a pedestrian street, with a member of royal family in attendance each year to open the ceremony, such as Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. Australia and New Zealand With one of the largest Chinese populations outside of Asia, Sydney also claims to have the largest Chinese New Year Celebrations outside of Asia with over 600,000 people attending the celebrations in Chinatown annually. The events there span over three weeks including the launch celebration, outdoor markets, evening street food stalls, Chinese top opera performances, dragon boat races, a film festival and multiple parades that incorporate Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese people. More than 100,000 people attend notably the main parade with over 3,500 performers. The festival also attracts international media coverage, reaching millions of viewers in Asia. The festival in Sydney is organized in partnership with a different Chinese province each year. Apart from Sydney, other state capital cities in Australia also celebrate Chinese New Year due to large number of Chinese residents. The cities include: Brisbane, Adelaide, Melbourne Box Hill and Perth. The common activities are lion dance, dragon dance, New Year market, and food festival. In the Melbourne suburb of Footscray, Victoria a Lunar New Year celebration initially focusing on the Vietnamese New Year has expanded into a celebration of the Chinese New Year as well as the April New Year celebrations of the Thais, Cambodians, Laotians and other Asian Australian communities who celebrate the New Year in either January/February or April. The city of Wellington hosts a two-day weekend festival for Chinese New Year, and a one-day festival is held in Dunedin, centred on the city's Chinese gardens. North America Many cities in North America sponsor official parades for the Chinese New Year. Among the cities with such parades are New York City (Manhattan; Flushing, Queens; and Brooklyn), San Francisco, Los Angeles, Boston, Chicago, Mexico City, Toronto, and Vancouver. However, even smaller cities that are historically connected to Chinese immigration, such as Butte, Montana, have recently hosted parades. New York Multiple groups in New York City cooperate to sponsor a week-long Lunar New Year celebration. The festivities include cultural festival, music concert, fireworks on the Hudson River near the Chinese Consulate, and special exhibits. One of the key celebrations is the Chinese New Year parade with floats and fireworks taking place along the streets in Chinatown, Manhattan, the largest Chinese New Year parade outside Asia. In June 2015, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio declared that the Lunar New Year would be made a public school holiday. California Signed into law in 2022, and effective 2023, California declared Lunar New Year a state holiday. Many communities throughout all of California celebrate with large celebrations taking place in both the Bay Area and Greater Los Angeles as well as in Fresno, Sacramento, San Diego, Santa Rosa, and Stockton. San Francisco The San Francisco Chinese New Year Festival and Parade is the oldest and one of the largest events of its kind outside of Asia, and one of the largest Asian cultural events in North America. The festival incorporates Grant and Kearny Streets into its street festival and parade route, respectively. The use of these streets traces its lineage back to early parades beginning the custom in San Francisco. In 1849, with the discovery of gold and the ensuing California Gold Rush, over 50,000 people had come to San Francisco to seek their fortune or just a better way of life. Among those were many Chinese, who had come to work in the gold mines and on the railroad. By the 1860s, the residents of San Francisco's Chinatown were eager to share their culture with their fellow San Francisco residents who may have been unfamiliar with (or hostile towards) it. The organizers chose to showcase their culture by using a favourite American tradition – the parade. They invited a variety of other groups from the city to participate, and they marched down what today are Grant Avenue and Kearny Street carrying colourful flags, banners, lanterns, drums, and firecrackers to drive away evil spirits. In San Francisco, over 100 units participate in the annual Chinese New Year Parade held since 1958. The parade is attended by some 500,000 people along with another 3 million TV viewers. Greater Los Angeles The Golden Dragon Parade has happened annually in Chinatown Los Angeles since 1899, one of the oldest and largest Chinese New Year parades outside of Asia. Beginning in the 1970s, famous Asian American actors have held the title of Grand Marshall of the parade, the first being Bruce Lee. Around Southern California many communities also put on festivals and parades that can last multiple days, with some of the largest occurring in the San Gabriel Valley, home to the largest Chinese community outside of Asia and often called the first suburban Chinatown, and Little Saigon where many Vietnamese and Chinese live. Monterey Park puts on the largest of such festivals, occupying 5 blocks in the city and attracting over 100,000 individuals. Neighboring Alhambra also has hosted a large festival since 1993 with many performances and street vendors. San Gabriel hosts an annual Chinese Gala at the San Gabriel Mission Playhouse in addition to its street festival. The Little Saigon area has hosted Tet celebrates since 1982 for its Chinese and Vietnamese community. Originally held at Garden Grove Park, with parades in both Garden Grove and Westminster, starting in 2014 a larger celebration is also held at the Orange County Fair and Events Center in Costa Mesa which attracts over 50,000 visitors. Neighboring Fountain Valley also hosts an annual Chinese New Year carnival in Mile Square Regional Park with many food vendors and a ferris wheel. Many people also celebrate by going to temples across Southern California, and the largest temple celebration is held at Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights. Most major shopping malls will also decorate for Chinese New Year. Disneyland California Adventure in Anaheim celebrates Chinese New Year by decorating certain areas of the park in Chinese displays, serving speciality East Asian foods and allowing for character photos with Mulan, Mushu, Raya, Tigger and Mickey and Minnie Mouse in Chinese Costumes. Some other communities that hold Chinese New Year Celebrations include Eastvale, Hollywood, Irvine, Palos Verdes, Pasadena, Rancho Cucamonga, Riverside, Rosemead, San Marino, San Pedro, Santa Monica, Temple City, Tustin, and West Covina. Europe United Kingdom In London, celebrations take place in Chinatown, Leicester Square, and Trafalgar Square. Festivities include a parade, cultural feast, fireworks, concerts, and performances. The celebration attracts between 300,000 and 500,000 people yearly according to the organisers. France In Paris, celebrations have been held since the 1980s in several districts during one month with many performances and the main of the three parades with 40 groups and 4,000 performers is attended alone by more than 200,000 people in the 13th arrondissement. Netherlands Celebrations have been held officially in The Hague since 2002. Other celebrations are held in Amsterdam and in Rotterdam. India and Pakistan Many celebrate the festival in Chinatown, Kolkata, India, where a significant community of people of Chinese origin exists. In Kolkata, Chinese New Year is celebrated with lion and dragon dance. In Pakistan, the Chinese New Year is also celebrated among the sizeable Chinese expatriate community that lives in the country. During the festival, the Chinese embassy in Islamabad arranges various cultural events in which Pakistani arts and cultural organizations and members of the civil society also participate. Mauritius Chinese culture in Mauritius is an important component of the multiculturalism in Mauritius. Despite the small size of the Sino-Mauritian community (estimated to be only about 3% of the total population), Chinese New Year (also known as Chinese Spring Festival) is a time where Chinese culture is celebrated on the island and is a public holiday in Mauritius. Mauritius is also the only country in Africa which lists the Chinese Spring Festival as a statutory public holiday. During this period of the year, there is a joyful and festive atmosphere throughout the entire country. Sino-Mauritians are very attached to Chinese traditions. The Chinese Spring Festival is the biggest celebration for the Sino-Mauritians on the island. The dates of the celebration follows the Chinese lunar calendar instead of the Gregorian calendar. During the week prior to the New Year's Day, spring cleaning in homes is performed.The festival starts on Chinese New Year's Eve by lighting on firecrackers to ward off evil spirits. Traditionalist visit pagodas to offer offerings and prayers on the New Year's Eve.Following Chinese customs, there is a big family dinner on the New Year's Eve. While the family dinner was traditionally celebrated at the house of the oldest family parents, going to restaurants for New Year's Eve is getting more popular; some restaurants may also have special dinners across the island to foster the family reunions of Sino-Mauritians. After the New year's Eve dinner, youths often go to nightclubs. On the day of the Chinese New Year, it is customary for Sino-Mauritian to share niangao to their relatives and friends and to lit firecrackers to ward off evil spirits. Red envelopes are also given. Some families would also visit pagoda on New Year to honour their ancestors. Some families observe a vegetarian diet on the New Year. The main celebration events typically take place in the Chinatown area in Port Louis, the capital of Mauritius. The Dragon dance and the Southern Lion dance is also customary on that day. The colour red is predominantly used to decorate the streets and houses. Chinese items (e.g. Chinese lanterns) are also used as decorations. Greetings The Chinese New Year is often accompanied by loud, enthusiastic greetings, often referred to as () in Mandarin or (Kat Lei Seut Wa) in Cantonese, loosely translated as auspicious words or phrases. New Year couplets printed in gold letters on bright red paper, referred to as chunlian () or fai chun (), is another way of expressing auspicious new year wishes. They probably predate the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), but did not become widespread until then. Today, they are ubiquitous with Chinese New Year. Some of the most common greetings include: Xin nian kuai le / San nin fai lok: ; Hakka: Sin Ngen Kai Lok; Taishanese: Slin Nen Fai Lok. A more contemporary greeting reflective of Western influences, it literally translates from the greeting "Happy new year" more common in the west. It is written in English as "xin nian kuai le". In northern parts of China, traditionally people say instead of (), to differentiate it from the international new year. And () can be used from the first day to the fifth day of Chinese New Year. However, () is considered very short and therefore somewhat discourteous. Gong xi fa cai / Gong hei fat choi: ; Hokkien: Kiong hee huat chai (POJ: Kiong-hí hoat-châi); Cantonese: Gung1 hei2 faat3 coi4; Hakka: Gung hee fatt choi, which loosely translates to "Congratulations and be prosperous". It is spelled varyingly in English, such as "Gung hay fat choy", "gong hey fat choi", or "Kung Hei Fat Choy". It is often mistakenly assumed to be synonymous with "Happy New Year". The saying is now commonly heard in English speaking communities for greetings during Chinese New Year in parts of the world where there is a sizable Chinese-speaking community, including overseas Chinese communities that have been resident for several generations, relatively recent immigrants from Greater China, and those who are transit migrants (particularly students). Numerous other greetings exist, some of which may be exclaimed out loud to no one in particular in specific situations. For example, as breaking objects during the new year is considered inauspicious, one may then say (Suìsuì-píng'ān) immediately, which means "everlasting peace year after year". Suì (), meaning "age" is homophonous with (suì) (meaning "shatter"), in the demonstration of the Chinese love for wordplay in auspicious phrases. Similarly, (niánnián yǒu yú), a wish for surpluses and bountiful harvests every year, plays on the word yú that can also refer to (yú meaning fish), making it a catch phrase for fish-based Chinese new year dishes and for paintings or graphics of fish that are hung on walls or presented as gifts. The most common auspicious greetings and sayings consist of four characters, such as the following: , – "May your wealth [gold and jade] come to fill a hall" , – "May you realize your ambitions" , – "Greet the New Year and encounter happiness" , – "May all your wishes be fulfilled" , – "May your happiness be without limit" , – "May you hear [in a letter] that all is well" , – "May a small investment bring ten-thousandfold profits" , – "May your happiness and longevity be complete" , – "When wealth is acquired, precious objects follow" These greetings or phrases may also be used just before children receive their red packets, when gifts are exchanged, when visiting temples, or even when tossing the shredded ingredients of yusheng particularly popular in Malaysia and Singapore. Children and their parents can also pray in the temple, in hopes of getting good blessings for the new year to come. Children and teenagers sometimes jokingly use the phrase "" (; Cantonese: ; ), roughly translated as "Congratulations and be prosperous, now give me a red envelope!". In Hakka the saying is more commonly said as 'Gung hee fatt choi, hung bao diu loi' which would be written as – a mixture of the Cantonese and Mandarin variants of the saying. Back in the 1960s, children in Hong Kong used to say (Cantonese, Gung Hei Fat Choy, Lai Si Tau Loi, Tau Ling M Ngoi), which was recorded in the pop song Kowloon Hong Kong by Reynettes in 1966. Later in the 1970s, children in Hong Kong used the saying: , roughly translated as, "Congratulations and be prosperous, now give me a red envelope, fifty cents is too little, don't want a dollar either." It basically meant that they disliked small change – coins which were called "hard substance" (Cantonese: ). Instead, they wanted "soft substance" (Cantonese: ), which was either a ten dollar or a twenty dollar note. See also Other celebrations of Lunar New Year in China: Tibetan New Year (Losar) Mongolian New Year (Tsagaan Sar) Celebrations of Lunar New Year in other parts of Asia: Buryat New Year (Sagaalgan) Korean New Year (Seollal) Japanese New Year (Shōgatsu) Mongolian New Year (Tsagaan Sar) Vietnamese New Year (Tết Nguyên Đán) Similar Asian Lunisolar New Year celebrations that occur in April: Burmese New Year (Thingyan) Cambodian New Year (Chaul Chnam Thmey) Lao New Year (Pii Mai) Sri Lankan New Year (Aluth Avuruddu) Thai New Year (Songkran) Chinese New Year Gregorian Holiday in Malaysia Malaysia Chinese New Year (Tahun Baru Cina) Indonesian Chinese New Year (Imlek) Lunar New Year fireworks display in Hong Kong The Birthday of Che Kung Notes References Bibliography External links New Year celebrations Public holidays in Cambodia Public holidays in China Public holidays in Indonesia Public holidays in Malaysia Public holidays in the Philippines Public holidays in Singapore Public holidays in Taiwan Public holidays in Thailand East Asia Southeast Asia Observances set by the Chinese calendar Winter events in China Buddhist holidays Taoist holidays Chinese-Australian culture Articles containing video clips
Jackie McKeown (born John McKeown; 17 February 1971) is the Scottish former lead singer and guitarist for the Glasgow indie rock band The Yummy Fur who plays in 1990s. Early life Born in Bellshill, Scotland, McKeown grew up in Blantyre near Glasgow. His early teenage years were coloured by obsessions with David Bowie and European art cinema. At the age of 16 he began playing guitar and writing songs, forming his first bands, Glass Candle and Subliminal Girls, after leaving school in 1988. Career The Yummy Fur Just prior to moving to Glasgow in 1992, he formed The Yummy Fur with Jamie McMorrow. He also performed in Cotton Gum and played guitar in LungLeg (his sister Jane's band) for a UK tour. In the late 90s he often played lead guitar for Comet Gain and performs on their album Tigertown Pictures (1999). After The Yummy Fur decided to split in December 1999, McKeown turned thirty, got married and attended university for the first time, studying film theory. Having become tired of playing guitar, he formed a short-lived electronic pop band called The Girls with former Yummy Fur member and current Franz Ferdinand frontman Alex Kapranos which performed live only once (in Glasgow). The Mars Hotel In 2001 Mckeown began collaborating with The Yummy Fur's Paul Thomson, making absurdist electronic pop under the name 10,000 Volt Ghost. With the addition of Jenni McKenzie, this outfit became The Mars Hotel (Thomson soon leaving to form Pro Forma then Franz Ferdinand with fellow ex-Yummy Fur member Alex Kapranos) The Mars Hotel performed its last show on New Year's Eve 2004. 1990s McKeown began writing and recording songs with Michael McGaughrin. This became 1990s with the addition of former Yummy Fur bassist Jamie McMorrow. It was at this time that the nickname 'Jackie' was given to him via his bandmates. After a handful of gigs, 1990s were signed to the label Rough Trade Records and released the albums Cookies (2007) and Kicks (2009). 1990s performed extensively throughout Europe, America, Canada, Australia, Japan and Brazil. Over the winter of 2010/2011, they recorded a third album but, since parting ways with RoughTrade, it remains unreleased. Trans It was announced on 21 August 2013 that McKeown will collaborate with guitarist Bernard Butler under the name of Trans. The band made their live debut at the 2013 Liverpool Psychedelic Festival. The band released two EPs. Personal life McKeown resides in Glasgow's West End. References External links The Yummy Fur Official Site 20th-century Scottish male singers Scottish rock guitarists Scottish male guitarists Living people 1971 births 21st-century Scottish male singers 21st-century British guitarists The Yummy Fur members People from Blantyre, South Lanarkshire 1990s (band) members
Jussara is a genus of harvestmen in the family Sclerosomatidae from South America. Species Jussara argentatus (Roewer, 1953) Jussara ater (Roewer, 1910) Jussara dentatus (Roewer, 1910) Jussara diadematus Thorell, 1891 Jussara lineatus (Roewer, 1953) Jussara luteovariatus (Mello-Leitão, 1931) Jussara obesa Mello-Leitão, 1935 Jussara quadrimaculatus (Roewer, 1953) Jussara roseus (Nello-Leitao, 1940) Jussara sigillatus (Mello-Leitão, 1944) References Harvestman genera
The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Ecosystem Monitoring Programme (abbreviated CEMP) is a program set up in 1985 by the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources to monitor and record fishing and harvesting of marine life in and around Antarctica. The goals are to: "(1) detect and record significant changes in critical components of the marine ecosystem within the Convention Area, to serve as a basis for the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources; and (2) distinguish between changes due to harvesting of commercial species and changes due to environmental variability, both physical and biological." Sites The CEMP includes several sites, located in three "Integrated Study Regions" as well as a network of additional sites. Two sites are additionally set up for special protection, they are Seal Island and Cape Shirreff; both are located in the South Shetland Islands. Permits are required for entry within the CEMP program areas. See also Antarctic Specially Managed Areas Antarctic Specially Protected Areas References Environment of Antarctica 1985 in Antarctica
Paul Benjamin Lowney (March 25, 1917 – May 12, 2007) was a Seattle-based author and humorist. He wrote 29 books and three comic strips, most mixing humor, philosophy, and whimsical illustrations by his frequent collaborator Frank Renlie. Saturday Review described his work by saying, "Sometimes Lowney makes you think and then laugh; and sometimes he makes you laugh and then think." He also authored non-fiction works on Seattle and his experiences growing up in Butte during the 1930s. Biography Paul Lowney was born and raised in Butte, Montana, fourth and youngest child of Lithuanian Jewish parents. He graduated from Butte High School and the University of Montana-Missoula, where he majored in sociology and philosophy. In Seattle, he took graduate studies in philosophy at the University of Washington. During World War II he served three years in the U.S. Army as an overseas field correspondent for Yank, the Army Weekly. After leaving the Army in Virginia, he became a staff writer for the American Red Cross at their national headquarters in Washington, D.C. He moved back to Seattle and worked as a civilian information officer for the Army and then the Navy. During this time he was commissioned a First Lieutenant, Military Intelligence, in the Army Reserve. Later, under contract to The Seattle Times, he wrote a weekly humor feature for 11 years and also authored several pieces for national magazines. He also founded Lowney Advertising and Crown & Lurie Publishers, both based in Seattle. Writing career In his senior year at Butte High School, Paul Lowney wrote a humor column for his school paper, The Mountaineer, and wrote humor ever after. Someone asked him how he happened to get into writing and he said, “When I was eight, I found a small pencil in my Cracker Jack box and I didn't want to throw it away.” His humor appeared in Parade, Saturday Review, Reader's Digest, and in scores of newspapers through his syndication with the Los Angeles Times Syndicate, Copley News Service, and the Pacific Media Group. For 11 years, his humor panel, Gleeb, appeared in The Seattle Times. His hardback humor books issued by New York publishers include Gleeb, The Big Book of Gleeb, Offbeat Humor, The Best of Offbeat Humor, and The Love Game. His non-fiction book, At Another Time — Growing up in Butte, is in its ninth printing. Bibliography Books At Another Time: Growing up in Butte, with Seattle Supplement, ninth edition, hardcover (2007) Especially for Bright People: A Book of Humor and Think (2006) Ergo1: A Classic Little Book of Thoughts & Laughter (2002) The Love and Dating Game (2002) At Another Time: Growing up in Butte, with Seattle Supplement (2002) At Another Time: Growing up in Butte (2000) Little Lessons from Life, My Professors & My Jewish Mother (1999) Toads (1997) The Best in Offbeat Humor II: An eclectic work (1996) The Pocket Gleeb (1991) The Love Game (1988) The Best of Gleeb (1982) Gleeb VI: The best "Gleebs" from the Seattle Times (1981) Gleeb V (1978) Gleeb IV (1976) The Big Book of Gleeb (1975) Seattle: The nation's most beautiful city (1973) Gleeb (1973) Seattle, nation's most beautiful city (1968) The Best of Offbeat Humor (1968) No charge for dreaming (1966) The world's funniest offbeat humor (1965) No charge for dreaming: An unusual little book of sense, nonsense and laughter (1963) Scenic Seattle (1962) Offbeat Humor (1962) Seattle: The nation's most beautiful city (1961) This is Hydroplaning (1959) Washington, America's most scenic state (1957) I'm at North Fort Lewis (1954) Comic Strips Toads (1997), weekly strip Gleeb (1981–85), weekly panel syndicated by the Los Angeles Times Syndicate and Copley News Service The Pookas (1977–78), weekly strip External links Butte High School paper, The Mountaineer Writers from Seattle Jewish American writers American humorists People from Butte, Montana University of Montana alumni University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni 1917 births 2007 deaths 20th-century American Jews 21st-century American Jews Butte High School (Butte, Montana) alumni
Alexis Phạm Văn Lộc (17 March 1919 – 17 November 2011) was a Vietnamese Bishop of the Catholic Church. Lộc was born in Huế and ordained a priest on 21 August 1951. He was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Kontum, as well as titular bishop of Respecta, on 27 March 1975, and ordained bishop on the same day. He succeeded Paul-Léon Seitz as Bishop of Kontum on 2 October 1975 and retired on 8 April 1995. References External links Catholic-Hierarchy Diocese of Kontum People from Huế 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Vietnam 1919 births 2011 deaths Place of death missing
Guyanancistrus tenuis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in a forested tributary of the Mapaoni River in the upper Jari River basin in French Guiana, near the Mitaraka Massif, which is a prominent massif in the area. The environment in which the species is typically found is a shallow mountain creek with medium to strong currents, a depth of 20 to 60 cm (7.9 to 23.6 inches), and some pools. The species reaches 9.1 cm (3.6 inches) in standard length. Its specific epithet, tenuis, is derived from Latin and refers to its slender body. References Fish described in 2018 Freshwater fish of South America Hypostominae
Senirkent is a town in Isparta Province in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Senirkent District. Its population is 4,548 (2022). It lies in the Turkish Lakes Region. The mayor is Kadir Heybeli (AKP). References Populated places in Senirkent District District municipalities in Turkey
```c++ // Use, modification and distribution are subject to the // LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url // See path_to_url for more information. // MACRO: BOOST_NO_CXX11_TRAILING_RESULT_TYPES // TITLE: C++11 trailing function result types syntax. // DESCRIPTION: The compiler does not support the new C++11 function result types specification syntax. namespace boost_no_cxx11_trailing_result_types { template< typename T > auto foo(T const& t) -> T { return t; } int test() { return foo(0); } } ```
"Welcome to the Future" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley released on July 13, 2009, as the second single from his eighth studio album American Saturday Night (2009). It is the twenty-fourth chart single of his career. In July 2009, Paisley played the song at the White House for President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama. The song was written by Paisley along with Chris DuBois. Content "Welcome to the Future" is a mid-tempo country rock song with a production featuring percussion and steel guitar, with a synthesizer in the intro. The lyrics describe the changes that the narrator has seen in his lifetime, including the advances in technology and inter-cultural relationships. In the first verse, he tells of how he wanted to be able to watch television in the car as a child, or have his own video game system instead of having to go to the video arcade, and compares it to today when he can play video games on his phone. The second verse addresses advances in international relationships, by telling of how his grandfather fought against Japan in World War II, but the narrator "was on a video chat this morning / with a company in Tokyo." Verse three addresses the issue of racism after recalling a black friend who had a cross burned in his front yard by the Ku Klux Klan. This verse also alludes to the anti-racist activism of Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. in the line "From a woman on a bus / to a man with a dream." Paisley told Country Weekly magazine that he was inspired to write the song after hearing the announcement that Barack Obama, whom Paisley endorsed, would become President of the United States and realizing that the first president in his children's lives would be an African American. This thought also led him to include memories of his own childhood in the song, as well as those of his grandparents. As he stated in his performance at the White House: "If you go back in time and tell either me in a line for Pac-Man, or [my grandfather] any of this stuff, that his grandson would be playing in Japan, he would've thought you were crazy...and then, my own children who -- you are the first president they will remember, which is something." Paisley also said that he included the allusion to Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech in the final verse because he thought that King's "dream of racial equality" was realized by Obama's election. Reprise On the American Saturday Night album, Paisley includes a reprise to the song which talks more specifically about his own personal life. In particular, it mentions how he attended a showing of Father of the Bride with a girl from his hometown. After breaking up, he wondered who his wife would be and what his children would be like, saying he got his answer when he tucked them in. This is a reference to the fact that his wife, Kimberly Williams-Paisley starred in that particular movie. Critical reception The song has received positive reviews from music critics. Matt Bjorke of Roughstock described the song's intro as reminiscent of video game music, but said that it "quickly gives way to steel guitar and heartland rock-like acoustic guitar strumming." He considered the theme similar to Paisley's 2007 single "Letter to Me" and said, "It’s an interesting direction to take a song as it describes how life changes over time." Stephen Thomas Erlewine also described the song favorably in his AllMusic review, saying that it was the "first country anthem of the Obama era" and that it showed "Paisley's uncanny knack for capturing the casual contemporary details of American life at the tail-end of the 2000s." Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone also described this song favorably, saying that it and the album's title track showed a sense of optimism in his music. Paisley gave his first live performance of the song at the White House on July 21, 2009. On June 1, 2014, Rolling Stone magazine ranked "Welcome to the Future" #100 in their list of the 100 greatest country songs. Music video The music video for "Welcome to the Future" was directed by Jim Shea and released in mid-August 2009. It was filmed in New York City, Washington D.C., Los Angeles, Tokyo and Kumamoto, Japan. Chart performance "Welcome to the Future" debuted at number 59 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of July 11, 2009. Having peaked at number 2 on that chart (behind "Toes" by Zac Brown Band), the song became Paisley's first single to miss number one since 2005's "Alcohol" and ended a streak of ten consecutive number one hits for him. Year-end charts References 2009 singles 2009 songs American rock songs Arista Nashville singles Brad Paisley songs Country rock songs Songs about Barack Obama Songs against racism and xenophobia Song recordings produced by Frank Rogers (record producer) Songs written by Chris DuBois Songs written by Brad Paisley
Bedeva flindersi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. References flindersi Gastropods described in 1864
```python ''' TRIBONACCI WORDS It is a series of words where each word is formed by concatenation of last three words. where : T(1) = 1 T(2) = 12 T(3) = 1213 T(n) = T(n-1) + T(n-2) + T(n-3) ''' def tribonacci(n): if n == 1: return "1" if n == 2: return "12" if n == 3: return "1213" return tribonacci(n - 1) + tribonacci(n - 2) + tribonacci(n - 3) n = int(input("Enter N: ")) print("The tribonacci word at position", n, "is:", tribonacci(n)) ''' INPUT : n = 5 OUTPUT: The tribonacci word at position 5 is: 1213121121312 ''' ```
Héctor Sandarti is a Guatemalan television host and actor who was the host of the Spanish-language version of Deal or No Deal (called Vas o No Vas) on the Telemundo Network in the United States. He held similar duties in 2004–2006 for a Mexican version which aired on Televisa. He also worked in Hospital el paisa with Galilea Montijo. He has also hosted "Vida TV" for the TV network as well as a Mexican version of Big Brother. Plus, he has also worked in "Fantástico Amor" with Galilea Montijo. announcing duties included Atinale al Precio (Mexico's version of The Price Is Right) in 2000 and the comedy show Objetos Perdidos. References External links 1968 births Guatemalan game show hosts Guatemalan emigrants to Mexico People from Sacatepéquez Department Living people Mexican game show hosts Guatemalan male stage actors Guatemalan male telenovela actors Guatemalan male television actors 21st-century Guatemalan male actors
Hacienda Gripiñas is a lodging located in the town of Jayuya, Puerto Rico. In 1858, Don Eusebio Pérez del Castillo established the Gripiñas hacienda (or estate) in the Gripiñas sector, Veguitas barrio of Jayuya municipio, Puerto Rico. Hacienda Gripiñas was dedicated mainly to the cultivation of coffee and contributed significantly to the growth of this industry in Puerto Rico during the 19th and 20th century. Pérez and his wife died late in the 19th century, as the coffee plantation industry decayed in the island because of Hurricane San Ciriaco (1899) and the Spanish–American War (1898). Jaime Oliver Mayol acquired the estate, and in 1904 its coffee product, Café Gripiñas, won a "Grand Prix" at the St. Louis World's Fair in Louisiana. Miguel A. Sastre Oliver was Jaime Oliver Mayol's grandson. He owned and farmed Hacienda Gripiñas from 1929 to 1970. Miguel A. Sastre acquired more land, and grew the estate to approximately 1,000 "cuerdas" before selling the Hacienda to the government of Puerto Rico. In the land where the Hacienda Gripiñas was located, the government of Puerto Rico divided the area into smaller farms through the Corporación para el Desarrollo Rural de Puerto Rico, and established the Parador Hacienda Gripiñas (presently operated by the municipal government of Jayuya). Migiel A. Sastre Oliver developed Hacienda Gripiñas into a sophisticated coffee and dairy farm, and made developments with different fruits, especially avocados. Today, the avocado variety Gripiñas C-5 is one of the most productive varieties and is widely used in commercial farming in Venezuela and other Latin-American countries. In 1975, the Hacienda Gripiñas main housing building was remodeled into the Parador Hacienda Gripiñas lodging, used mostly by tourists visiting the town of Jayuya. Parador Hacienda Gripiñas is near Cerro de Punta, Puerto Rico's highest mountain, and near the town of Jayuya, famous for the Festival Taíno, and other events. Gallery See also List of hotels in Puerto Rico References External links Hacienda Gripiñas official site Hacienda Gripiñas Facebook page Tourist attractions in Puerto Rico Hotels in Puerto Rico Jayuya, Puerto Rico Gripiñas
One Door Away From Heaven is a novel by the best-selling author Dean Koontz, released in 2001. Plot summary A shapechanging alien has come to Earth with others of his kind to save us from ourselves. After witnessing the slaughter of his entire family by evil aliens bent on stopping him, he takes off on a cross-country race to save himself. He stops at a farmhouse in the middle of the night to "borrow" some money and clothes, and comes across a sleeping boy about his age. Using a drop of blood from an old bandage, he is able to "become" Curtis Hammond, the exact duplicate of the boy. Seconds after leaving the house, the evil aliens arrive and murder the family, leaving only the dog alive. Curtis and the dog escape, and eventually end up at the location of an alien sighting. UFO buffs Castoria and Polluxia Spelkenfelter, twins, recognize Curtis from the news reports of his murder and decide to help him. Eventually he reveals to them his true nature, and they pledge to assist him in the mission he has come to Earth to complete. Together, twins, boy, and dog set off for Nun's Lake, Idaho, the next stop on the twins' itinerary while they decide what to do next. Michelina (Mickey) Bellsong just got out of prison. She has moved in with her Aunt Geneva in order to make a new start, but things aren't going her way. She feels adrift and without direction, just wanting to get through the day. While sunning in the backyard, she is approached by a precocious but disabled little girl. Leilani Klonk has a deformed hand and a deformed leg, which requires a brace. She is more intelligent and articulate than the average nine-year-old, and disarms Mickey with her wit. Mickey and Geneva get to know the girl, and find out that her mother is an insane drug addict, and her step-father is a murderer. He killed her older brother Lukipela, and Leilani is next. Leilani believes that no one can help her, as Preston Maddoc is highly thought of by the academic community. Preston and Sinsemilla, Leilani's mother, bounce across the country looking for UFOs and Leilani knows it's only a matter of time before they bounce back to Montana, which is where Preston murdered her brother Lukipela. Mickey and Geneva vow to find a way to help Leilani, but Preston finds out and takes off with the family in the dead of night. Mickey discovers them gone and sets out after them, determined to save Leilani. Leilani has mentioned that they are headed to Nun's Lake, Idaho to the site of a supposed close encounter and Mickey races to reach the town and find the girl. Mickey arrives and goes to speak to the man who was "healed" by aliens, and finds out that Leilani's step-father hasn't been there yet. She stakes out the house, wanting to find Preston and follow him to Leilani. Preston is alerted to her presence by the man who was healed, who he then murders. He sneaks out of the house and creeps up on Mickey, knocking her unconscious. He carries her into the dead man's house and ties her up, leaving her there and racing back to the campground. Curtis encounters Leilani at the campground in Nun's Lake and knows she's in trouble. He and the twins approach her while Preston's out and convince her to come with them. As they are running for the twins' RV, Leilani is snatched by her step-father and taken to the house he has hidden Mickey in. His plan is to make Leilani watch him kill Mickey, then torture and kill Leilani. When he gets back to the house, he discovers that Mickey has gotten free of her restraints. He dumps Leilani, takes her brace, and starts searching for Mickey in the maze of old magazines and newspapers. Leilani heads into the maze looking for a way out, and she and Mickey find each other. Preston traps them in a corner and lights the newspapers in front of them on fire, planning to listen as they burn to death. Curtis and the twins, now aided by a disillusioned ex-PI sent by Aunt Gen, arrive at the house. Noah Farrell, the PI, shoots Preston Maddoc as he races through the maze searching for Mickey and Leilani. Preston stumbles away, getting weaker and weaker from blood loss and smoke inhalation. Noah and Cass find Mickey and Leilani and the four of them search for an exit. Curtis, in his natural form, comes to their rescue, and they all escape the house. Preston Maddoc is buried under a pile of burning trash and dies. Leilani, Mickey, Aunt Gen, and Noah join Cass and Polly in their quest to help Curtis fulfill the mission he's been sent here for. External links One Door Away From Heaven Book Review 2001 American novels American horror novels Novels by Dean Koontz
This article displays the squads for the 1993 World Women's Handball Championship in Norway. Group A Hungary Norway Poland Spain Group B Denmark Lithuania Russia South Korea Group C Angola Germany Romania Sweden Group D Austria China Czechoslovakia United States References World Women's Handball Championship squads World Handball Championship squads
The following is a list of armed conflicts with victims in 2020. List guidelines Listed are the armed conflicts having done globally at least 100 victims and at least 1 victim during the year 2020. 10,000 or more deaths in 2020 Conflicts in the following list have caused at least 10,000 direct violent deaths in 2020. 1,000–9,999 deaths in 2020 Conflicts in the following list have caused at least 1,000 and fewer than 10,000 direct violent deaths in 2020.Conflicts causing at least 1,000 deaths in one calendar year are considered wars by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. 100–999 deaths in 2020 Conflicts in the following list have caused at least 100 and fewer than 1,000 direct violent deaths in 2020. Fewer than 100 deaths in 2020 Conflicts in the following list have caused at least 1 and fewer than 100 direct violent deaths in 2020. See also References Notes Citations 2020 2020
How to find out a True Friend is an Indian fairy tale collected by Laura Gonzenbach in Sicilianische Märchen. Andrew Lang included it in The Crimson Fairy Book. Synopsis A childless king and queen pledged to St. James that if they had a son, he would make a pilgrimage on his eighteenth birthday. They had a son. When he was twelve, his father died. When his eighteenth birthday grew near, the queen grieved over the thought of not seeing him for a year; she tried to put her son off, but when his consolations for her pretended causes did not work, she had to reveal the truth. He assured her that he would return. The queen gave him apples and told him that he needed a companion, but he should invite any prospect to eat with him, and then he should cut an apple into two unequal parts and reject anyone who did not take the smaller. He met three young men, each of whom also claimed to be going on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James, but the first two wanted the larger part, and the prince feigned illness to be rid of them. The third took the smaller, and they traveled together, having pledged that if one died, the other would bring his body. It took them a year to reach the shrine. At one point, they hired a house to rest before they continued. The king saw them, thought them both handsome but the prince the handsomer, and resolved to marry his daughter to the prince. He invited them both to dinner, and poisoned the friend, thinking that would keep the prince from travelling on. Instead, the prince instantly resolved to go on. The king offered his daughter, but the prince went on, and brought his friend's body with him. The friend was not dead, only sleeping, and when the prince had reached the shrine, he prayed the friend be restored to life, and he was. They returned to the king, and the prince married his daughter. The prince, after a time, declared that he had to return home. The king hated the friend and sent him off with a message, telling him the prince would wait; then he got the prince to leave, assuring him the friend could catch him, he would give him a good horse. When the friend returned, the king sent him after the prince on foot. He was exhausted when he reached the prince, so the prince tended to him like a brother and brought him home. However, no doctor was able to cure him. The prince's wife gave birth to a daughter. One day, a strange old man arrived, and the queen brought him to the friend. He declared that the man could be restored by the daughter's blood. The prince was horror-struck, but since he had declared he would treat his friend as his brother, he did it. The friend was restored, but the daughter lay in her cradle as if dead. The old man returned, revealed he was St. James of Lizia, and restored the girl. See also Trusty John In Love with a Statue Amis et Amiles Father Roquelaure The Raven References Italian fairy tales Laura Gonzenbach
Animal Planet is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty television channel. Animal Planet broadcasts a variety of programming featuring animals. The channel is owned by the Animal Planet Canada Company, which is a consortium consisting of CTV Speciality Television Inc. which owns 80% of the company (CTV Speciality Television Inc. is a division of Bell Media who owns 70% and ESPN owning 30%), and Canadian AP Ventures Company who owns 20% (Canadian AP Ventures Company is owned by BBC Studios at 50% and Warner Bros. Discovery at 50%). Through this ownership structure, this effectively gives Bell Media 56% ownership and control, with ESPN 24%, BBC Studios 10%, and Warner Bros. Discovery 10% ownership. History In November 2000, CTV Inc. was granted approval by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch Animal Planet, a service described as being "broadly based on family entertainment that will combine high-quality Canadian programming and attractive series and documentaries from Animal Planet in the United States." The channel was launched under its current ownership structure (with the exception of Bell Media, wherein Bell Globemedia, later renamed CTVglobemedia, owned its shares at the time) on September 7, 2001. On June 30, 2008, Animal Planet unveiled a new on-air appearance, including a new logo and graphics, to align itself with the American service which had updated its appearance earlier that year. On September 10, 2010, BCE (a minority shareholder in CTVglobemedia) announced that it planned to acquire 100% interest in CTVglobemedia for a total debt and equity transaction cost of $3.2 billion CAD. The deal which required CRTC approval, was approved on March 7, 2011 and closed on April 1 of that year, on which CTVglobemedia was rebranded Bell Media. Animal Planet HD On June 17, 2011, Bell Media announced that it would launch Animal Planet HD, a high definition (HD) simulcast of the standard definition feed, by the end of 2011. The channel launched on December 15, 2011, initially on Bell Fibe TV and Shaw Cable and launched at a later date on Telus TV. About six years later, Shaw Direct added it and 5 other HD channels (Business News Network, Cooking Channel, Crime & Investigation, OWN, and Travel + Escape) to the channel listing on September 21, 2017. Logos References External links Digital cable television networks in Canada Bell Media networks Warner Bros. Discovery Americas English-language television stations in Canada Television channels and stations established in 2001 2001 establishments in Canada
Liutuan () is a town under the administration of Yanshou County, Heilongjiang, China. , it has 15 villages under its administration. References Township-level divisions of Heilongjiang Yanshou County
Haigang () is a district of the coastal city of Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, China. The seat of the municipal government, , it had a population of 550,000 residing in an area of . Administrative divisions There are 10 subdistricts and 8 towns in Haigang District. 10 subdistricts Wenhua Road Subdistrict () Haibin Road Subdistrict () Beihuan Road Subdistrict () Jianshe Avenue Subdistrict () Hedong Subdistrict () Xigang Road Subdistrict () Yanshan Avenue Subdistrict () Gangcheng Avenue Subdistrict () Donghuan Road Subdistrict () Baitaling Subdistrict () 8 towns Donggang () Haigang Town () Xigang () Haiyang () Beigang () Duzhuang () Shimenzhai () Zhucaoying () Others Lingang Logistics Park (临港物流园区) Haigang Economic Zone (海港经济开发区) References County-level divisions of Hebei Qinhuangdao
Alonso Brito (born 1950) is a Latin, alternative, salsa singer, songwriter born in Havana, Cuba. The Los Angeles Times has compared him to "part Mick Jagger, part Caetano Veloso, and part Desi Arnaz on acid" and as a face for Los Angeles salsa music. During his time in Miami as a socialite he was known to have owned many nightclubs and rubbed shoulders with the likes of Barry Gibb and Donald Fagen. Life and music career Early life Brito was born in La Havana, Cuba in 1950. At the age of 10, a year after Fidel Castro took power in 1960, Brito was forced to leave due to political and civil unrest. Moving to Miami at a young age he attended an all-boys Catholic prep school. Somewhat Catholic he still practiced Buddhism as well as Afro-Cuban Santería. Musical rise Brito's first instrument was the drum, which he played in psychedelic rock bands. He fronted hard-working bands such as Watchdog and Beat Poets, dabbling in styles from smooth jazz, reggae, and British pop to a Latin-tinged style dubbed "troparock." In Miami, he was known as Dennis Britt; an eclectic musician, nightclub manager, and a night time socialite who rubbed shoulders with the likes of Barry Gibb and Donald Fagen. After separating from his wife he became a fixture of the Miami music scene during the '80s and '90s. "The singer spent his life as a bohemian troubadour, playing in bars, working in various bands and writing songs." As a respected songwriter he moved to Nashville in the 90s to help write songs for Raul Malo and The Mavericks; contributing to the country band's Grammy-award winning playlists writing for their song "Things I Cannot Change". Alonso Brito moved to Los Angeles in 2006, signed with Candor Entertainment and is currently working on the record Santo Bueno to be released in 2008. Discography See also Music of Cuba Afro-Cuban List of Famous Afro-Latinos References External links Official website Alonso Brito at Myspace Alonso Brito article NewsOK Alonso Brito with Los Angeles Times Alonso Brito with The Boston Globe 1950 births Living people Cuban musicians
Lieutenant General John Neptune Sargent CB (18 June 1826 – 20 October 1893) was Commander of British Troops in China, Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements. Military career Sargent was commissioned into the 95th Regiment of Foot in 1844. In 1847, he went to Canton to protect the local factories from violence. He was appointed adjutant of his regiment in 1851. He fought in the Crimean War at the Battle of Alma and was wounded; he also fought at the Battle of Inkerman and the Siege of Sevastopol of 1855 where he was again wounded. He also took part in the Second Opium War in 1860, leading a detachment during the storming of the north Taku Forts. He was made commanding officer of the 2nd battalion of the Buffs at Malta in 1861 and then of the 1st battalion in England in 1862. In 1864 he took command of the Inns of Court Volunteers, in 1873 he became commander of a brigade depot at Milford Haven, and in 1874 he became commander of a military depot in Oxford. He was appointed Commander of British Troops in China, Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements in 1882, and retired in 1890. He was also colonel of the 1st Battalion of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers from 1891 to his death in 1893. He lived at Mount Mascal near Bexley in London. Family In 1852, Sargent married Miss R. S. Champion. In 1863, he married Alice Mary Tredwell, daughter of Thomas Tredwell. References \|- 1826 births 1893 deaths British Army lieutenant generals Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers officers Companions of the Order of the Bath British Army personnel of the Crimean War British Army personnel of the Second Opium War
Lathyrus hirsutus is a species of wild pea known by several common names, including Caley pea, singletary pea, hairy vetchling, and Austrian winter pea. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and much of Asia, and it is known from other continents, including North America, as an introduced species. This is an annual herb producing a winged stem and leaves each made up of two leaflike leaflets with a branching, coiled tendril. The inflorescence holds one or two pink, blue, or bicolored pea flowers each 1 to 1.5 centimeters wide. The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod covered in hairs with each hair growing from a minute bulbous base. The rest of the plant is generally hairless. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment Photo gallery hirsutus Flora of Europe Flora of Serbia Flora of Western Asia Flora of North Africa Flora of Egypt Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates is an expanding mode of transport. Etihad Rail is the national railway company, and is a state-owned company. Mainline The United Arab Emirates' mainline railway network is owned and operated by Etihad Rail. Etihad Rail will be linked to the networks of neighbouring Arab states of the Persian Gulf countries via the Gulf Railway. Urban Dubai Metro Palm Jumeirah Monorail in Dubai Dubai Tram Dubai Trolley Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover Under construction or proposed Abu Dhabi Metro Abu Dhabi tram Sharjah Metro Sharjah Tram Ajman Tram See also Etihad Rail Transport in the United Arab Emirates References Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates
Production Linked Incentive, or PLI, scheme of the Government of India is a form of performance-linked incentive to give companies incentives on incremental sales from products manufactured in domestic units. It is aimed at boosting the manufacturing sector and to reduce imports. Objective of these schemes entail Make in India, incentivising foreign manufacturers to start production in India and incentivise domestic manufacturers to expand their production and exports. The Government of India (GoI) has introduced Rs 1.97 lakh cr (US$ 28 b) PLI schemes for 13 sectors. For example one of these sectors is the Automotive industry in India, for which GoI introduced 3 schemes, a Rs. 26,000 cr (US$3.61 b) scheme for production of electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel vehicles (PEVHV), the Rs 18,000 crore (US$2.5 b) "Advanced Chemistry Cell" (ACC) scheme for new generation advance storage technologies for the electric vehicles, and Rs 10,000 crore (US$1.4 b) "Faster Adaption of Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles" (FAME) scheme to go green by expediting production of more electronic vehicles and replacement of other types of existing vehicles with the greener vehicles. The PLI scheme to boost automotive sector to encourage the production of electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel vehicles will also generate 750,000 direct jobs in auto sector. These schemes will reduce pollution, climate change, carbon footprint, reduce oil and fuel import bill through domestic alternative substitution, boost job creation and economy. Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers welcomed this as it will enhance the competitiveness and boost growth. List of industries The government has introduced the scheme for several industries which include: Auto components Automobile Aviation Chemicals Electronic systems Food processing Medical devices Metals & mining Pharmaceuticals Renewable energy Telecom Textiles & apparel White goods References Economy of India Government programmes of India Modi administration initiatives
```go /* path_to_url Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. / package main import ( "io" "github.com/spf13/cobra" "k8s.io/kops/cmd/kops/util" ) func NewCmdValidate(f util.Factory, out io.Writer) *cobra.Command { cmd := &cobra.Command{ Use: "validate", Short: validateClusterShort, } // create subcommands cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdValidateCluster(f, out)) return cmd } ```
The 2019 Davis Cup was the 108th edition of the Davis Cup, a tournament between national teams in men's tennis. It was sponsored by Rakuten. For this edition, the format of the cup was changed. The main modification is the World Group took place at one location and in one week, with eighteen teams divided in six round-robin groups of three teams each, with the winners of the groups and the two best second places advancing to quarterfinals. The series between the teams in this stage featured two singles matches and one doubles match, instead of the best-of-5 series, with the matches changing from best of 5 sets to best of 3. As the World Group was taking place as one single tournament, this event had been named the 2019 Davis Cup Finals. The lower zone groups I and II were composed of single ties deciding promotion or relegation. Spain won their sixth title (their first since 2011), defeating Canada in the final 2–0. Rafael Nadal received the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award for his performance in the tournament, after he won 8 of the 8 matches he participated in. Davis Cup Finals Date: 18–24 November 2019 Venue: Caja Mágica in Madrid, Spain Surface: Hard court 18 nations are taking in the finals, formerly known as World Group. The qualification is as follows: 4 semifinalists of the previous edition 2 wild card teams 12 winners of a qualifier round, in February 2019 H = Host Nation, TH = Title-Holder, 2018SF = Semi-Finalists from the 2018 tournament, WC = Wild Card Seeds The seedings are based on the Nations Ranking of 4 February. Qualifying round Date: 1–2 February 2019 Twenty-four teams played for twelve spots in the Finals, in series decided on a home and away basis. These twenty-four teams are: 4 losing quarterfinalists of the previous edition, 8 winners of World Group play-offs of previous edition, and 12 best teams not previously qualified with best ranking of their zone: 6 from Europe/Africa, 3 from Asia/Oceania, and 3 from Americas. The 12 losing teams from the qualifying round then played at the Group I of the corresponding continental zone in September. #: Nations Ranking as of 29 October 2018. Seeded teams (2018 Quarterfinalist, #4) (2018 play-off winner, #8) (best ranked for replacing wild cards, #9) (2018 Quarterfinalist, #10) (2018 Quarterfinalist, #11) (2nd best ranked for replacing wild cards, #12) (2018 Quarterfinalist, #13) (2018 play-off winner, #14) (2018 play-off winner, #15) (2018 play-off winner, #16) (2018 play-off winner, #17) (2018 play-off winner, #18) Unseeded teams (Europe/Africa's best ranked, #21) (Europe/Africa's 2nd best ranked, #22) (Europe/Africa's 3rd best ranked, #23) (Europe/Africa's 4th best ranked, #26) (Europe/Africa's 5th best ranked, #27) (Europe/Africa's 6th best ranked, #29) (Asia/Oceania's best ranked, #20) (Asia/Oceania's 2nd best ranked, #24) (Asia/Oceania's 3rd best ranked, #30) (Americas' best ranked, #19) (Americas' 2nd best ranked, #25) (Americas' 3rd best ranked, #28) Group stage T = Ties, M = Matches, S = Sets Knockout stage Final Americas Zone Group I Dates: 13–14 September and 14–15 September 2019 The losers go on and participate to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I Play-offs while the winners qualify to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I <onlyinclude> Seeds: Remaining nations: 1Because of the Venezuelan financial crisis, the Venezuelan national team plays its "home" matches in the Miami metropolitan area in the United States. Group II Dates: 5–6 April, 13–14 September and 14–15 September 2019 The losers go on and participate to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs while the winners qualify to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I Play-offs <onlyinclude> Seeds: Remaining nations: Group III Dates: 17–22 June 2019 Location: Costa Rica Country Club, Escazú, Costa Rica (hard) The first three nations qualify for the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs Participating nations Pool A (host) Pool B Play-offs , and qualified to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs Asia/Oceania Zone Group I Dates: 13–14 September, 14–15 September 2019 and 29–30 November 2019 The losers go on and participate to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I Play-offs while the winners qualify to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I <onlyinclude> Seeds: Remaining nations: Group II Dates: 5–6 April and 14–15 September 2019 The losers go on and participate to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs while the winners qualify to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I Play-offs <onlyinclude> Seeds: Remaining nations: Group III Dates: 26–29 June 2019 Location: Singapore Sports Hub, Singapore (indoor hard) The first three nations qualify for the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs The last nation is relegated to 2021 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV Participating nations Pool A (host) Pool B Play-offs , and qualified to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs relegated to 2021 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV Group IV Dates: 11–14 September 2019 Location: Jordan Tennis Federation, Amman, Jordan (hard) The first two nations qualify for the 2021 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group III Participating nations Pool A Pacific Oceania Pool B Pool C (host) Pool D Play-offs Pacific Oceania and were promoted to the 2021 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group III Europe/Africa Zone Group I Dates: 13–14 September and 14–15 September 2019 The losers go on and participate to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I Play-offs while the winners qualify to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I <onlyinclude> Seeds: Remaining nations: Group II Dates: 5–6 April and 13–14 September 2019 The losers go on and participate to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs while the winners qualify to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I Play-offs <onlyinclude> Seeds: Remaining nations: Group III Europe Dates: 11–14 September 2019 Location: Tatoi Club, Athens, Greece (clay) The first four nations qualify for the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs The last two nations are relegated to 2021 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group IV Participating nations Pool A (host) Pool B Play-offs , , and qualified to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs and relegated to 2021 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group IV Group III Africa Dates: 11–14 September 2019 Location: Nairobi Club Ground, Nairobi, Kenya (clay) The first two nations qualify for the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs The last two nations are relegated to 2021 Davis Cup Africa Zone Group IV Participating nations Pool A Pool B (host) Play-offs and qualified to the 2020 Davis Cup World Group II Play-offs. and relegated to 2021 Davis Cup Africa Zone Group IV Group IV Europe Dates: 15–20 July 2019 Location: Centro Tennis Cassa di Risparmio, San Marino, San Marino (clay) The first five nations qualify for the 2021 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III Participating nations Pool A Pool B (host) Play-offs , , , and were promoted to the 2021 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III Group IV Africa Dates: 26–29 June 2019 Location: Kintélé Sports Complex, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo (hard) The first two nations qualify for the 2021 Davis Cup Africa Zone Group III Participating nations Pool A Pool B (host) Play-offs and were promoted to the 2021 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group IV References External links Official website Davis Cup 2019 Live Stream Info Davis Cup Davis Cups by year
Transnational efforts to prevent human trafficking are being made to prevent human trafficking in specific countries and around the world. Human trafficking has often had a negative connotation, and has been viewed as an unwanted activity by different countries around the world. These countries have formed organizations, laws, and educational programs geared towards the prevention of human trafficking. Having many countries involved in the prevention of human trafficking gives this subject a transnational approach. In this article, transnational will be defined as an issue that crosses international boundaries that multiple nations are experiencing and addressing at the same time. This article will focus on the transnational efforts to prevent human trafficking. Different countries have had different approaches when attempting to prevent human trafficking. Both governmental and non-governmental organizations have been created to combat the issue at hand. Governmental agencies are groups which are funded, ran, and recognized by the government. Non-governmental organizations are formations of people who have the same interests and are run independently away from the government. Law and legislation have been enacted in a variety of countries dealing directly with the prevention of human trafficking. These laws range from making prostitution illegal or prosecuting those who are caught trafficking human beings, to protecting those people who have been trafficked. Governmental and non-governmental organizations have both published and provided educational material about human trafficking to those who wish to read it. Training manuals, textbooks, and pamphlets have been printed in many different languages in many different countries on the subject of human trafficking and its prevention. Transnational efforts Across the world an increasing number of humans are being trafficked. Trying to control this rapid trend many countries have formed governmental and non-governmental organizations to help combat trafficking. Laws and regulations that prevent trafficking are springing up worldwide. Groups are informing those who are unaware of the effects and consequences of human trafficking; involving the traffickers and those who are being trafficked. Laws are prosecuting those who participate in trafficking; the traffickers and sometimes those who are trafficked depending on what country you are located in. In select countries, rehabilitation and counseling is available for those who have been trafficking and wish for help. Each country has different rules, regulations and organizations involving human trafficking. Therefore, it is necessary to examine each country individually to understand their efforts to prevent human trafficking. Below is a time line for each country to show their transnational effort to prevent human trafficking. Africa Founded in 1987 ESAM, , is a nonprofit organization formed to "fight the abuse and neglect of children, young people, and women". Based in Benin, West Africa this charity was officially recognized on May 17, 1990. In September 1996 a nongovernmental organization in Nigeria, the Constitutional Rights Project, produced a report titled "Modernized Slavery- Child Trade in Nigeria". This reports main focus was on the trafficking of children in Nigeria; bringing attention to trafficking in the area. Around the same time, WAO Afrique, World Association for Orphans, started investigating human child trafficking as well. WAO Afrique is a nongovernmental organization based in Lomé, Togo. In July 1998, UNICEF held a workshop on "trafficking in child domestic workers in particular girls of domestic service in west and central Africa." In December 2001, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) produced a plan of action against trafficking. This plan includes procedures when dealing with the traffickers and the victims of trafficking. ECOWAS has set up a fund for the victims of human trafficking. Australia In 1994, Australia passed the Child Sex Tourism Act. This act prohibits any citizens or residents of Australia to engage in any sexual activity or intercourse with any person under the age of sixteen anywhere in the world. Brazil Two states in Brazil, Pernambuco and Bahia, have implemented a Specialized Criminal Justice of Childhood and Youths legislation. This legislation is aimed at prosecuting and judging crimes against children and adolescents. The Brazilian Criminal Law code outlines the standards on the trafficking of women in chapter five articles 227, 228, and 231. In June 2000, the government created a Plan for Combating the Abuse and Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents. This plan has become the national guide for sexual violence and protecting the rights of children. Cambodia In 2007, the nongovernmental organization named ChildSafe opened a center in Phnom Penh open twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. This center invites children who are abused or at risk to be abused for support, counseling, medical assistance, and police complaints. ChildSafe also has a hot-line that is open at all times to report a child who is at risk for being trafficked. France France prohibits trafficking for sexual exploitation through Article 225 of its penal code. The French Government provided the victims of trafficking, which cooperated with authorities in the investigation and prosecution of all those involved in trafficking, witness protection services and issued residency permits. ECPAT (End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism) France, a non-governmental organization, established in 1992 is aimed at preventing child prostitution and trafficking not only in France, but around the world. France's Respect for Human Rights Policies, section 6: Worker Rights, sub section f: Trafficking in Persons states, the laws that most Pimps and Traffickers are usually punished under, "aiding, abetting, or protecting the prostitution of another person; obtaining a profit, sharing proceeds, or receiving subsidies from someone engaged in prostitution; or employing, leading, corrupting, or pressuring someone into prostitution." Several of France's law enforcement agencies are involved combating human trafficking. In 2007, the French government increased its efforts in protecting and assisting victims of sex trafficking. The Government provided non-governmental organizations with money for protection services, which include medical care, legal counsel, shelter, and psychological counseling. Greece Law No. 3064/2002, passed in 2002, states that trafficking for the purpose of sexual or labor exploitation is illegal. Included in this law are provisions for the trafficking victims such as shelter and legal help. An additional law passed in 2005 allows a period of 30 days for the trafficked victim to decide whether to take part in the prosecution of their traffickers. If they choose to assist, the victims are able to obtain healthcare and social services. If they choose not to partake in the prosecution, they do not receive these services. In order to combat the increased number of minors being trafficked from Albania to Greece, Law No. 3625/2007 passed in 2007 creating harsher penalties for those trafficking minors. In 2008, Law No. 3692/2008 was enacted as an agreement between Albania and Greece to cooperate in regards to minors who are trafficked between the two countries. India Founded in 2007, Odanadi Seva Trust is a community-based organization that attempts to fight human trafficking in India. This organization is based in Mysore, South India and attempts to put an end to trafficking by rescue operations, rehabilitation, and education. Serbia Serbian legislative Article 388 explicitly defines the term "human trafficking" and makes it distinct from smuggling. This Article also places higher penalties on those found trafficking minors. While Article 388 defines human trafficking, Article 390 explicitly states that trafficking and any other form of slavery is illegal in Serbia. Sri Lanka In 1995, Sri Lanka created a special task force to study human trafficking. However, in 1997 the task force was replaced by a presidential task force. In 1998 the Child Protection Authority (CPA) was enacted. The CPA held on to all previous laws protecting the rights of children from unlawful abuse. These laws make trafficking and any other form of abuse illegal, even during war. Sweden In Sweden, the government has created a law that "prohibits the purchase of sexual services." This law makes it illegal for men to buy prostitutes. By passing this law on January 1, 1999, Sweden was also helping to prevent the international prostitution and human trafficking. This law helped to stop trafficking in Sweden by arresting and prosecution the male purchasers not the female victims. There has been a reduction in the number of prostitutes in Sweden since 2004. Swedish citizens can be prosecuted for purchasing sexual services anywhere in the world if the country in which they did it criminalise it. Thailand Since 1956 prostitution in Thailand has been illegal. In May 1990, ECPAT (End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism) Thailand was established by churches, women's rights organizations, and charitable services. In 1996 the government of Thailand sanctioned the Prostitution Prevention and Suppression Act. This act allows the parents who sell their children into the sex trade to be prosecuted. The Prostitution Prevention and Suppression Act also prosecutes the individuals who are having sexual intercourse with the children involved in the sex trade. In 1997, the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Women and Children Act increased consequences of those who are found guilty of abducting women and children from China, Laos, Burma, or Cambodia to Thailand for slave labor or prostitution. In 1998, the education requirement for children was pushed up from six years to nine. United Kingdom In 1997, the Sex Offenders Act broadened certain legislation to include residents and citizens of Great Britain implicated with sex tourism. The act also made it a crime to travel overseas with the intention to partake in sex tourism. The Crimestoppers hot-line is a free hot-line for British tourists to "report child abuse abroad". United States The Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution was added to the United States Constitution and ratified on December 6, 1865, making slavery and the trafficking of Humans in America illegal. In 1994, Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act was passed. Under this Act, it is illegal for a citizen of the United States to travel abroad with the intention of engaging in sex tourism. The penalties for breaching this act include a fine and/or up to ten years of imprisonment. In 1996, the United States took part in the ECPAT World Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children. In 2000, the United States passed the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act. In 2001, America also joined in the Second World Congress held in Japan. In 2004, Hawaii passed Act 82 of the House Bill 2020, making "the promotion of travel for the purpose of prostitution a felony and grounds for revoking the license of an offending travel agent." Organizations and agencies This is an alphabetical list of the Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations, from the countries listed above, and the things that they are doing to help prevent human trafficking. A Governmental Organization is an organization that is formed, funded, and run by the government. A Non-Governmental Organization is an organization that is run independently away from the government. Governmental National Child Protection Authority or the CPA was established in Sri Lanka. Their mission states: In relation to child abuse and exploitation, to create awareness and improve knowledge, undertake training and skills development, recommend legal reform and monitor law enforcement, undertake special investigations and provide legal support, strengthen the infrastructure to prevent abuse in families, communities, schools and institutions, establish a comprehensive data base including a cyber-watch, undertake relevant research and coordinate the key sectors involved in child abuse and exploitation namely Probation and Child Care Services, Justice and Law Enforcement authorities, Defense, Health, Education and Samurdhi as well as the NGO and INGO networks. Nongovernmental ChildSafe, formerly known as Alamo Children's Advocacy Center, is stationed in Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. ChildSafe's mission is to "restore dignity, trust and hope to children traumatized by sexual abuse." The Constitutional Right Project (CRP) is located in Nigeria and was established in November 1990. The main purpose of this organization is to protect people's human rights and to make sure people abide by Nigerian Laws. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was founded in 1975. Its mission is to "promote economic integration in "all fields of economic activity, particularly industry, transport, telecommunications, energy, agriculture, natural resources, commerce, monetary and financial questions, social and cultural matters ..." End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT) was established in 1992. Stationed in Bangkok Thailand, ECPAT's mission statement is "ECPAT International is a global network of organizations and individuals working together for the elimination of child prostitution, child pornography and the trafficking of children for sexual purposes. It seeks to encourage the world community to ensure that children everywhere enjoy their fundamental rights free and secure from all forms of commercial sexual exploitation." Enfants Solidaires d'Afrique et du Monde (ESAM) is based in Benin, West Africa. ESAM was officially recognized May 17, 1990. Odanadi-UK is based in Mysore, South India. Founded in 2007, Odanadi-UK's objectives are "to prevent, tackle and eliminate human trafficking and sexual exploitation." World Association for Orphans (WAO Afrique) is based in Lomé, Togo. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) has published three textbooks dealing with combating trafficking in children. MANNA Freedom is the human trafficking prevention arm of MANNA Worldwide and provides awareness, resources and homes for at-risk children and teens. Laws This is a list of laws and legislation that have been passed by different countries to combat human trafficking. Most of these laws have come into effect because of non-governmental organizations and the country's specific experiences with human trafficking. As time goes on, and there are more people involved in human trafficking awareness will be raised and more laws will be put into effect. In 1994, Australia passed the Child Sex Tourism Act. National Child protection Authority Act of 1998 Since 1956 prostitution in Thailand has been illegal. In 1996 the government of Thailand sanctioned the Prostitution Prevention and Suppression Act. In 1997, the Sex Offenders Act in Britain Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act in the United States Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 In 2004, Hawaii passed Act 82 of the House Bill 2020, making "the promotion of travel for the purpose of prostitution a felony and grounds for revoking the license of an offending travel agent." Educational materials Governmental and non-governmental organizations have been making great strides in providing information on human trafficking in today's society. Pamphlets, handbooks, websites, and handouts focusing on human trafficking have been made readily available for the public. UNICEF has published three textbooks, with the assistance of Dr. Gilly McKenzie, an expert in Trafficking and Organised Crime, involving child trafficking. Textbook One is titled Understanding Child Trafficking. This textbook includes the National Action Plans on child trafficking; focusing on attempts and ideas to eliminate child trafficking. This textbook states that coordination among groups is necessary to help combat human trafficking. Textbook Two is titled Action against child trafficking at policy and outreach levels. This textbook discusses assistance for the victims, law enforcement, and prevention. Each section clearly states what governments, non-governmental organizations, and worker's organizations can do to help combat human trafficking. Textbook Three is titled The Matters of Process. This book talks about ways to provide education to children and young adults in order to prevent them from going into or being a part of human trafficking. Media and social dialogues are being used to get this information to children and young adults. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime published a training manual, by Dr. Gilly McKenzie, titled "Assistance for the Implementation of the ECOWAS Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons". This manual is focused on human trafficking in West Africa, giving protection and support for those who have previously been trafficked. According to the manual, materials to raise awareness about trafficking will be readily available for those who wish to receive them. This training manual defines human trafficking and shows the differences between human trafficking and migrant smuggling. Further reading Biemann, U. (2005). Remotely Sensed: A Topography of the Global Sex Trade. Feminist Review, 1800-193. Brennan, Denise. Global Woman. 1st ed. New York: Holt Paperbacks, 2004. pp. 154–68. Print. CdeBaca, Luis. Statement Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Washington, DC. 2010. Chapkis, W. (2003). Trafficking, Migration, and the Law: Protecting Innocents, Punishing Immigrants. Gender and Society, pp. 923–937. Congress, 106. (2000, 10 28). Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000. Public Law 106–386 . Washington D.C. Cordero, Tatiana, and Alda Facio. Trafficking in Women & Children for the Sex Industry: Women's Participation in the Crime. A Contextual Approach (from Women in the Criminal Justice System: International Examples & National Responses): pp. 84–95, 2001. Doezema, Jo & McKenzie, Dr. Gilly, "Who Gets to Choose? Coercion, Consent, and the UN Trafficking Protocol." Gender and Development 10.1, Trafficking and Slavery (2009): pp. 20–27. Dottridge, Mike & McKenzie, Dr. Gilly, "Trafficking in Children in West and Central Africa." Gender and Development 10.1, Trafficking and Slavery (2009): pp. 38–42. Fedina, Lisa. Combating Human Trafficking in Illinois. University of Illinois at Springfield. 2010. Gallagher, Anne. "Human Rights and the New UN Protocols on Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling: A Preliminary Analysis." Human Rights Quarterly 23.4 (2001): pp. 975–1004. Gallagher and Pearson. "The High Cost of Freedom: A Legal and Policy Analysis of Shelter Detention for Victims of Trafficking." Human Rights Quarterly 32.1 (2010): 73–114. Gerdes, Louise. Prostitution and Sex Trafficking. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Goody, J. (2004). Sex Trafficking in Women from Central and East European Countries: Promoting a 'Victim-Centred' and 'Woman-Centred' Approach to Criminal Justice Intervention. Palgrave Macmillan Journals, pp. 26–45. Human Trafficking and Slavery Related Movies and Documentaries. (2010). Retrieved 10 6, 2010, from Children The World Affairs Blog Network Jullien, Karene. "The Recent International Efforts to End Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children." Denver Journal of International Law & Policy 31.4 (2003): 579–605. Makisaka, Megumi. Human Trafficking: A Brief Overview. Social Development Department. 1.122 (2009): 16. Print. Morel, P. (Director). (2008). Taken [Motion Picture]. Oklahomans Against Trafficking of Humans. 2010. 6 October 2010 "Remedying the Injustices of Human Trafficking through Tort Law." Harvard law review 119.8 (2006): pp. 2574–2595. Tambe, A. (2005). The Elusive Ingénue: A Transnational Feminist Analysis of European Prostitution in Colonial Bombay. Gender and Society, pp. 160–179. Troubnikoff, Anna. Trafficking in women and children: current issues and developments. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers, 2003. Tzvetkova, Marina. "NGO Responses to Trafficking in Women." Gender and Development 10.1, Trafficking and Slavery (2002): pp. 60–68. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20110725210038/http://www.crpnigeria.org/Legalservices1.html https://web.archive.org/web/20110720083547/http://www.globalmarch.org/activistofthemonth/archives1.php UNICEF http://www.ecowas.int/ ECPAT France United States Department of State Human trafficking Transnationalism
The 2004–05 Slovenian Ice Hockey League was the 14th season of the Slovenian Hockey League. Seven teams participated in the league, and Olimpija have won the league championships. Regular season Play-offs Final Olimpija – Jesenice (4–1, 3–0, 4–2, 1–2) 3rd place Slavija – Kranjska Gora (5–0, 8–1, 9–2) References Season on hockeyarchives.info 1 Slovenia Slovenian Ice Hockey League seasons
Cerophytum is a genus of rare click beetles in the family Cerophytidae. There are at least four described species in Cerophytum. Species These four species belong to the genus Cerophytum: Cerophytum convexicolle LeConte, 1866 Cerophytum elateroides (Latreille, 1804) Cerophytum japonicum Sasaji, 1999 Cerophytum pulsator (Haldeman, 1845) References Further reading Elateroidea genera Articles created by Qbugbot
Transformers: Dark of the Moon – The Album is a compilation album of various artists music from the 2011 live-action Transformers: Dark of the Moon film. The first official single from the album is the radio edit version of "Iridescent" by Linkin Park. The second single released for the film is "Monster" by Paramore. The third single released for the film is "All That You Are" by Goo Goo Dolls. The score was released digitally 10 days after the album. U2 song North Star was used in the movie. Track listing Usage in the film Despite the numerous songs contributed to the soundtrack, only four songs from the album are used in the film. "All That You Are" is played during the scene where Shia LaBeouf's character Sam Witwicky is at work. U2's "North Star" is briefly played at the start of the scene where Sam Witwicky visits his girlfriend's office. "Iridescent"'s intro is played during the scene when Sam rides through the devastated Chicago city. "Iridescent", "Monster" and "Many of Horror" are used at the end credits. Reception Chad Grischow of IGN gave a favorable review of the album, saying the album has "few too many tracks here you likely have lurking elsewhere on your iPod and not enough new treats to wholly recommend" but assures the listener "will definitely find pieces here worth saving from the scrap heap." References External links Official Album Website (Invalid link) Official Movie Website Dark of the Moon - The Album 2011 soundtrack albums 2010s film soundtrack albums
The Old Liberals (German: Altliberale) were 19th-century liberals who, after 1849, stood in the tradition of the moderate, constitutional liberalism of the Vormärz and the revolution of 1848/49. In a narrower sense, the term refers to a parliamentary group in the Prussian House of Representatives. Its origin was the Vincke faction in the 1850s. After 1866, if they had not gone over to the German Progress Party in 1861, their deputies became part of the National Liberal Party or the Free Conservative Party. The term altliberal is contemporary and was used by Robert von Mohl after 1849 to describe the supporters of a constitutional system of government. Literature Gerd Fesser : Old Liberals (Al) 1849–1876. In: Dieter Fricke and others (ed.): Encyclopedia of party history. Vol. 1. Bibliographic Institute, Leipzig 1983, DNB 850223156 , pp. 59–65. Walter Tormin : History of the German parties since 1848. 2nd edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1967, DNB 458434701, pp. 48, 57, 59. See also History of liberalism References Liberalism in Germany Classical liberalism History by political party Politics of Prussia
Love Tactics 2 () is a Turkish film directed by Recai Karagöz, written by Pelin Karamehmetoğlu. It is the sequel to the 2022 film Love Tactics, and features Demet Özdemir, Şükrü Özyıldız and Atakan Çelik. The film was released on 14 July 2023 on Netflix. Plot Cast Demet Özdemir as Aslı Şükrü Özyıldız as Kerem Atakan Celik Deniz Baydar Hande Yilmaz Bora Akkaş Melisa Döngel Jeyhun Mengiroglu İpek Tuzcuoğlu Kerem Atabeyoğlu Production The film was announced by Lanistar Media on Netflix. Demet Özdemir, Şükrü Özyıldız and Atakan Çelik reprised their roles from the 2022 film. Principal photography commenced in 2023 and was mainly shot in Istanbul, Turkey. Reception References External links 2020s Turkish-language films Turkish-language Netflix original films
Mustache is a 2023 Pakistani-American comedy-drama film written and directed by Imran J. Khan and starring Atharva Verma and Alicia Silverstone. Cast Atharva Verma as Ilyas Rizwan Manji as Hameed Meesha Shafi as Asiya Ayana Manji as Yasmeen Shaheryar Rana as Musa Mojeane Sadr as Sadia Alicia Silverstone as Miss Martin Melody Cao as Liz Krishna Manivannan as Arun Hasan Minhaj as Hasan Esa as young Ilyas Release The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 12, 2023. Reception Mimi Calzada of The Daily Texan gave the film a positive review and wrote, "Mustache makes for an outstanding directorial feature debut from Imran Khan, which hugely benefits from Verma’s charming and endearing performance. Easily relatable, laugh-out-loud funny and downright delightful, Mustache solidifies itself as one of the best films in the SXSW 2023 lineup." Justin Lowe of The Hollywood Reporter also gave the film a positive review and wrote, "A religion-themed comedy can be a tricky proposition, even if the tone is predominantly respectful, but Khan strikes a satisfying balance between satire and deference that’s enjoyable without excessively pushing boundaries." The film won the Audience Award in the Narrative Feature competition at South by Southwest. References External links American comedy-drama films
Deveney Marking Kelly is an American television soap opera director and former producer. On-screen, Deveney is credited as Deveney Kelly, but is also known as Deveney Marking. Positions held The Young and the Restless Occasional Director (2008, 2009) The Bold and the Beautiful Director (1992–present) Producer (1996–1999) Days of Our Lives Occasional Director (2005–2006) Awards and nominations Daytime Emmy Award Nomination, 2006, Directing Team, The Bold and the Beautiful Nomination, 2002, Directing Team, The Bold and the Beautiful Nomination, 2000, Directing Team, The Bold and the Beautiful Directors Guild of America Award Nomination, 1997, Directing Team, The Bold and the Beautiful (episode #2681) External links Soap opera producers American television directors American television producers American women television producers Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American women television directors 21st-century American women
Emil Van Horn (October 3, 1907 – February 15, 1967) was an American stuntman and actor. Together with Charles Gemora, Ray Corrigan, Steve Calvert, and George Barrows, he was known as one of Hollywood's "Gorilla Men" – performers who wore a gorilla suit to portray apes on stage and screen. Among the films he appeared in were The Ape Man (1943) with Bela Lugosi, Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941) with W.C. Fields, and the adventure serials Jungle Girl (1941) and Perils of Nyoka (1942). Early life Sources indicate that Emil Imra Van Horn was born October 3, 1907, in Ridgway, Pennsylvania, one of the six children of Joseph Van Horn and Elizabeth Lind, immigrants from Austria-Hungary. Joseph Van Horn was an industrial machinist who altered his family's surname from Horansky to Van Horn after becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen. By the 1930s, Emil Van Horn owned a number of concession stands with his younger brother, Arvine. Performing career Van Horn was a diminutive man who had trained as a circus tumbler and acrobat. He stated in interviews that after meeting noted Hollywood gorilla impersonator Charles Gemora, he decided to construct his own gorilla costume, and studied the behavior of gorillas donated to San Diego Zoo by Martin and Osa Johnson. From 1933, he appeared in stage productions such as A Night of Terror and Murder at Midnight as "King Kivu", "Engagi", or "Ingagi" (the latter being the name of a 1930 gorilla movie which had featured Charles Gemora). He also performed at the 1939 New York World's Fair. His most prominent film role was probably The Ape Man (1943), supporting Bela Lugosi. Variety's review remarked that "Emil Van Horn makes a very sympathetic gorilla." His other significant big-screen ape roles were the Republic serials Jungle Girl (1941) and Perils of Nyoka (1942). He also featured in Never Give a Sucker an Even Break and Keep 'Em Flying (both 1941) as a gorilla who surprises and Lou Costello, respectively. With the exception of The Ape Man, Van Horn was rarely credited on screen, leading to some uncertainty over the precise number of films in which he appeared. Van Horn also performed in burlesque stage shows with a "Beauty and the Beast" theme, and focused on this work after film offers waned; his final confirmed screen gorilla role was 1948's Are You With It? In 1950, he made a public appearance (in costume) at Chicago's Lincoln Park Zoo as part of birthday celebrations for the zoo's gorilla, Bushman. After a legal copyright dispute in 1951 over his use of the name "Ingagi", he adopted another stage name, "Tomba", including a tour of Canada later that year. Personal life Few details are known about Van Horn's private life compared to his fellow "Gorilla Men", and he rarely permitted the media to photograph him out of costume. It is documented that in 1937, he married fortune-teller "Gypsy" Vilma Horvath in New York City, and in 1944 the couple opened a nightclub on upper Broadway called The Golden Fiddle. Their marriage appears to have ended by March 1950, when it was announced that Van Horn and his Chicago burlesque stage partner, Carol Borgia (variously Karol Borja), were engaged to be married. However, the following month Borgia brought a charge of disorderly conduct against Van Horn. Although the charge was dismissed, Van Horn was ordered by the court to sign a $1,000 peace bond. Newspaper coverage of the incident – which arose from a curious argument regarding the use of a live snake in their stage routine – referred to Van Horn and Borgia as "adagio dancers". In 1951, Billboard mentioned that Emil Van Horn was married to a Marsha Wayne; this marriage ended in divorce in Florida in 1956. It is unclear from available sources whether Carol Borgia was Marsha Wayne's stage name, or another woman entirely. In 1952, Van Horn was elected as a trustee of the newly-formed Chicago Entertainers Union, a short-lived union of local striptease artistes. Final years and death Van Horn suffered a setback after he was deprived of his gorilla suit, either through theft, or – according to some sources – when the suit was confiscated by a Florida landlady because Van Horn owed her unpaid rent. The loss of his costume threw Van Horn out of regular employment, and his final years were spent in poverty in New Orleans. He made occasional appearances as an unbilled extra in films such as A Hole in the Head (1959) and Hotel (1967). He died of cirrhosis, aged 59, in New Orleans' Charity Hospital in 1967. Although some authors have stated that he died on New Year's Day, vital records give his date of death as February 15, 1967. Selected filmography Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941) Keep 'Em Flying (1941) Jungle Girl (1941) Perils of Nyoka (1942) Ice-Capades Revue (1942) The Ape Man (1943) Sleepy Lagoon (1943) Are You With It? (1948) Notes References External links 1907 births 1967 deaths American male film actors Male film serial actors 20th-century American male actors Deaths from cirrhosis People from Elk County, Pennsylvania American people of Hungarian descent
Iván Gallego (born 13 February 1984) is a Spanish water polo player who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics. See also List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo References External links 1984 births Living people Spanish male water polo players Olympic water polo players for Spain Water polo players at the 2008 Summer Olympics World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo 21st-century Spanish people
Galebekwe Virginia Tsotso Tlhapi (born 1979 or 1980) is a South African politician currently serving as the MEC for Economic Development, Environment, Conservation and Tourism in the North West. She had previously served as the MEC for Arts, Culture, Sports and Recreation. She is a member of the North West Provincial Legislature for the African National Congress. Political career Tlhapi is a member of the African National Congress and a former member of the African National Congress Youth League. She is the former acting chairperson of the ANC Youth League in the North West, a former member of the regional executive committee of the ANC Youth League in the Bojanala region, and a former member of the mayoral committee for Local Economic Development in the Bojanala District Municipality. Tlhapi was sworn in as a member of the North West Provincial Legislature on 2 August 2016. Following the 2019 national and provincial elections, she was appointed as the Member of the Executive Council for Arts, Culture, Sports and Recreation in the North West Provincial Government by premier Job Mokgoro. On 22 November 2022, Tlhapi was appointed MEC for Economic Development, Environment, Conservation and Tourism. References External links Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Tswana people African National Congress politicians Members of the North West Provincial Legislature Women members of provincial legislatures of South Africa
Barry W. Bright (born c. 1946) is a retired Estate Agent, turned now professional football administrator: chair and Managing Director of the Kent Football Association; chair of The Football Association disciplinary committee; and a member of the FA Board as Vice-Chairman. Bright was chairman of Sittingbourne F.C., where in March 1997 he had to announce that the club could not afford to pay the players wages. Midway through the 1998/9 season, Bright handed over Sittingbourne to Andy Spice. Bright rose to the FA through his association with the Kent FA, where he is chair and Managing Director; he has been the Kent FA's representative to the Football Association for over 20 years. Bright is chair of the FA disciplinary committee, where with colleagues Peter Herd and Frank Pattison, he has handed down various conclusions, including: Boston United: pleaded guilty to six charges relating to contract irregularities. They were fined £100,000 and started the following season with a four points deduction. Rio Ferdinand: in 2003 Ferdinand failed to attend a drugs test, claiming he had forgotten because he was preoccupied with moving houses. Ferdinand was banned for eight-month ban from January 2004 at club and international level and a £50,000 fine, meaning he would miss the rest of the league season and some of the next along with all of Euro 2004. Manchester United's appeals to have the ban reduced were turned down. Simon Jordan: in 2005, following Jordan's article for the Guardian newspaper where he criticised refereeing standards, the disciplinary team headed by Bright handed down a £10,000 fine and gagging order on future articles on the subject. Paul Stretford: in 2007, the Court of Appeal ruled in favour of the FA and Bright in a 2002 decision re Stretford's acquisition of Wayne Rooney as a client, that the applied disciplinary proceedings did comply with article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and that one of the FA rules was not unlawful restraint of trade. Bright also inputs to various UEFA committee's, including the panel which cut one-year ban of Holland international Frank de Boer, for taking an anabolic steroid because it was satisfied that the drug was in a contaminated food supplement. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people People from Sittingbourne The Football Association British estate agents (people)
Ghédalia Tazartès (12 May 1947 – 9 February 2021) was a French musician. Biography Tazartès was born into a Judaeo-Spanish family in the 10th arrondissement of Paris. He quickly ascended into a musical career, with musician David Fenech defining his music as "unclassifiable". He rarely performed in concerts and released few albums, but was still able to make a living from dance, theatre, and cinema. Tazartès was often perceived to be in the musique concrète genre, thanks to his manipulation of Revox tapes, although he later discovered the works of Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Henry. He collaborated with Michel Chion on the albums La Ronde and Diasporas / Tazartès. According to Pierre Hemptinne, "What interests him is what these sound objects have to say about the world around us, the tangible and intangible world, the world of commercial and non-commercial exchange. It makes them more talkative, it makes them talk by plunging them into arrangements which are foreign to them. He cuts and edits sound images according to the techniques used in cinema and this technique brings out their meaning". Web magazine Néosphères said that "he reappropriates or recreates the idioms of certain traditional music". Additionally, he taught himself how to play a number of different instruments. Ghédalia Tazartès died in Paris on 9 February 2021 at the age of 73. Discography Diasporas (1979) Tazartès' transports (1980) Une éclipse totale de soleil (1984) Tazartès (1987) Check Point Charlie (1990) Voyage à l’ombre (1997) 5 Rimbaud 1 Verlaine (2006) Les Danseurs de la pluie (2006) Jeanne (2007) Hystérie off Music (2007) Repas froid (2009) Ante Mortem (2010) Superdisque, with David Fenech and Jac Berrocal (2011) References External Links 1947 births 2021 deaths 20th-century French Sephardi Jews Musicians from Paris Jewish musicians Jewish artists
Rodney S. Rose (1819-1900) was a prominent Methodist clergyman from New York state who was the father of actress Bayonne Whipple and father-in-law of Walter Huston, founder of the Huston acting family. Rodney S. Rose was born on February 6, 1819, in Exeter, New York to Jehiel Rose and Lavinia Sanford Rose. Rodney Rose became a Methodist as a youth, and upon deciding to become a pastor, he was educated at Cortland, New York and Cazenovia Seminary, and became a member of the Oneida, New York Conference in 1841. After his ordination in 1841, he served as pastor of many Methodist congregations, including: Bainbridge, New Berlin, Chenango, Windsor, Great Bend, Vestal, Broome, Sanford, Mount Pleasant, Salem, Shepherd's Creek, Berkshire, Van Ettenville, Caroline, Flemingville, Lackawanna, Newton, Springville, Orwell. He married Esther Thurston in 1844 and had six children (Samuel, Ella, Anna, Charles, John and Arthur) with her before her death in 1859. In 1860 he married Mary Kinney, but she died five months later of heart disease. In 1862 he married Mary Louisa Ward of Candor, New York and they had four children (Lewis, Olin, Mary, and Fanny (known as Bayonne Whipple)). In 1876 he largely retired to Candor, New York where he died and was buried in 1900. References 19th-century Methodist ministers American Methodist clergy Methodists from New York (state) People from Otsego County, New York 1900 deaths 1819 births
```html <html lang="en"> <head> <title>div - Untitled</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="Untitled"> <meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8"> <link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top"> <link rel="up" href="Stdlib.html#Stdlib" title="Stdlib"> <link rel="prev" href="calloc.html#calloc" title="calloc"> <link rel="next" href="ecvtbuf.html#ecvtbuf" title="ecvtbuf"> <link href="path_to_url" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <style type="text/css"><!-- pre.display { font-family:inherit } pre.format { font-family:inherit } pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } --></style> </head> <body> <div class="node"> <p> <a name="div"></a> Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="ecvtbuf.html#ecvtbuf">ecvtbuf</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="calloc.html#calloc">calloc</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Stdlib.html#Stdlib">Stdlib</a> <hr> </div> <h3 class="section">2.12 <code>div</code>—divide two integers</h3> <p><a name="index-div-19"></a><strong>Synopsis</strong> <pre class="example"> #include <stdlib.h> div_t div(int <var>n</var>, int <var>d</var>); </pre> <p><strong>Description</strong><br> Divide <var>n</var>/<var>d</var>, returning quotient and remainder as two integers in a structure <code>div_t</code>. <pre class="sp"> </pre> <strong>Returns</strong><br> The result is represented with the structure <pre class="smallexample"> typedef struct { int quot; int rem; } div_t; </pre> <p>where the <code>quot</code> field represents the quotient, and <code>rem</code> the remainder. For nonzero <var>d</var>, if `<var>r</var><code> = div(</code><var>n</var><code>,</code><var>d</var><code>);</code>' then <var>n</var> equals `<var>r</var><code>.rem + </code><var>d</var><code>*</code><var>r</var><code>.quot</code>'. <p>To divide <code>long</code> rather than <code>int</code> values, use the similar function <code>ldiv</code>. <pre class="sp"> </pre> <strong>Portability</strong><br> <code>div</code> is ANSI. <p>No supporting OS subroutines are required. <pre class="sp"> </pre> </body></html> ```
"Thank You for the Music" is a song by the Swedish pop group ABBA. It was originally featured on the group's fifth studio album, The Album (1977), and was released as a double-A sided single with "Eagle" in May 1978 in limited territories, namely Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland and Australia. In South Africa where it peaked at number 2 in August 1978 and became the eighteenth best-selling single of that year. "Gracias por la Música" is the Spanish-language recording of "Thank You for the Music", with lyrics by Buddy and Mary McCluskey. The B-side was the Spanish-language version of "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)" entitled "¡Dame! ¡Dame! ¡Dame!". The song was released in 1980 to promote the band's Spanish-language album/compilation Gracias Por La Música. It was the group's seventh best-selling Spanish single, and also peaked at number 4 in Argentina. "Thank You for the Music" also formed part of ABBA: The Movie which featured studio recordings of selected songs from the then newly released album ABBA: The Album. The song is included in the final scenes as the hapless journalist finally gets to broadcast his ABBA radio special, including an interview, on Australian radio. The song is accompanied by footage of a studio recording session, a live stage performance and a mimed studio performance by the four members of the group. The song also plays over the closing titles as the camera pans out from the band performing in a hut on an island in the Stockholm archipelago to views of the archipelago itself. The song was re-released in November 1983, to promote the Epic Records compilation album of the same name. History The recording of "Thank You for the Music" started in Marcus Music Studio in Stockholm, 2 June 1977. The group had also performed the tune at their concert tour through Europe and Australia during the spring of 1977, as part of a mini musical "The Girl with the Golden Hair" where the song was used as an ending encore. The lyrics used in this live version were slightly different from the studio version recorded later. Before the tour, in December 1976, Andersson and Ulvaeus also performed a segment of the melody on piano and acoustic guitar on the Swedish evening news programme "Rapport". The first recording of the tune had a jazzy cabaret feel with Agnetha Fältskog on solo song, inspired by artists in the style of Doris Day and similar. The group later made another arrangement of the same melody, which became the more widely known version. The first version was released in its entirety on the 1994 CD-box "Thank You for the Music". The later version was recorded 21 July 1977 in Glen Studio (a family studio that used to be located in the Glenmark family home but now relocated to a small former grocery shop close to their home). The song was included on "The Album" and was used as a final melody in the film "ABBA - The Movie", which had its premiere at Christmas of 1977. The single "Eagle" of May 1978 also had this song as its B-side. It was later included on "Greatest Hits Vol. 2" released fall of 1979, when ABBA started touring North America and Europe. A promotion video was recorded in February 1978, directed by Lasse Hallström, where ABBA sings "Thank You for the Music" in front of kids singing along. "Thank You for the Music" was later included on "ABBA Gold - Greatest Hits" of 1992. In 1999, it was used for the musical "Mamma Mia!", and in 2008 for the film with the same title. When the musical was translated to Swedish by Niklas Strömstedt, it got the title "Tack för alla sånger". Reception It was not released as a single in the United Kingdom and Ireland until late 1983, peaking at number 33 and number 17 respectively, despite being released in both a poster sleeve and a picture disc in addition to the regular version. The low chart placings could be attributed to ABBA's declining popularity since their last Top 10 hit in 1981. Because of the song's inclusion on ABBA: The Album and Greatest Hits Vol.2 (both of which topped the UK charts), as well as being performed by the band during their world tours, it can be said that "Thank You for the Music" had been heard by fans and the like many times up to this point. The title itself is often also taken to signal the end of ABBA, leading it to be considered a farewell song. In the Netherlands, the song peaked at number 23. As of September 2021, it is ABBA's 20th-biggest song in the UK, including both pure sales and digital streams. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Personnel ABBA Agnetha Fältskog – lead and backing vocals Anni-Frid Lyngstad – backing vocals Björn Ulvaeus – backing vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar, mandolin Benny Andersson – backing vocals, keyboards Additional personnel and production staff Lasse Wellander – acoustic lead guitar, mandolin Rutger Gunnarsson – bass Roger Palm – drums, tambourine Cover versions The Carpenters Irish siblings The Nolans, who were often seen on various British variety TV programmes in the 1970s and early 1980s, recorded their own cover of this song. It is included on their album Nolan Sisters. German eurodance group E-Rotic recorded a cover of the song for their 1997 ABBA tribute album Thank You for the Music. The 2001 compilation ABBAMetal (also released as A Tribute to ABBA) features a cover by German power metal band Metalium. British vocalist Dame Vera Lynn recorded a version of this song for her self-titled album. The song's chorus was included as part of a medley entitled "Thank ABBA for the Music" on the 1999 compilation ABBAmania, which coincided with a British TV special. It was performed by Tina Cousins, Billie Piper, Steps, Cleopatra and B*Witched, and peaked on the UK Singles Chart at number 4 in April 1999. The subsequent ABBAMania 2 album from 2004 contains a cover of the song performed with British TV actors Charlotte Bellamy, Jane Danson, Wendi Peters, Bernie Nolan (of the Nolans), Tricia Penrose, Will Mellor, and Lee Otway on lead vocals. A cover of the song is included on the 2004 tribute album Funky ABBA by Swedish jazz musician Nils Landgren. However, this version omits everything except for the first verse and chorus. The German 2004 ABBA Mania compilation features a cover version performed by all the music artists who appeared in the TV special, with Barbara Schöneberger on lead vocals. American actress/singer Jan Gelberman recorded a cover of the song for her album With Love To Share. Swedish opera singer Anne Sofie von Otter's cover of the song was included as a bonus track on her 2006 ABBA tribute album I Let The Music Speak. Filipino actress/singer Lea Salonga recorded a cover of the song when she was a child on her album Small Voice (1981) and later on her live DVD Your Songs (2009) A cover of the song was recorded by the finalists in the Dutch version of the music reality series Idols in 2006. This version includes vocals by the eventual winner of that season, Raffaëla Paton. A cover of the song by Finnish a cappella choral ensemble Rajaton can be found on their 2006 ABBA tribute album Rajaton Sings ABBA With Lahti Symphony Orchestra. In the soundtrack for the 2008 movie adaptation of the stage musical Mamma Mia!, the song is included as a hidden track sung by actress Amanda Seyfried. In the movie itself, it is heard in the end credits. In August 2008, Gunilla Backman performed Björn Ulvaeus' Swedish version of the song from Mamma Mia! ("Tack för alla sånger") on TV show Allsång på Skansen (Sing-along at Skansen). It may be notable for the lyric which in the English version is "Thanks for all the joy they're bringing / Who can live without it" but in Swedish is "Vem behöver religioner? / Dom kan vi va utan" which roughly translates as "Who needs religion? / We can live without it", the line continuing with (roughly translated) "but never without music". Hyperpop artist Gameboi covered the song as "Thank U 4 The Music" in 2019 produced by Evun Live covers and appearances in other media A live version was performed on TV by The Carpenters on The Tonight Show hosted by John Davidson, on 27 June 1978. They first heard the song when ABBA performed it on Starparade, as the Carpenters were sharing the bill with them for that particular episode. They laid down a track for it but Richard said: Nobody does ABBA like ABBA. I realized that, as usual, Benny and Bjorn had done the definitive arrangement and all I'd be doing was copying it; something I just don't do, of course. It's an outtake, never completed and in storage with the rest of the stuff in Pennsylvania. Fans have been requesting for years that Richard Carpenter release the Carpenters' version. They performed the song live on the Mike Yarwood Christmas show 1978 The song is performed in the Mamma Mia! musical by the characters of Sophie and Harry. However, it omits the first verse of the original song. In the context of the musical, Harry is reminiscing about his younger, carefree days. At the same time, Sophie is letting the potential fathers get to know her better. She expresses how much she loves to sing and dance. In order to coincide with the lyric, "I'm the girl with golden hair," Sophie's hair colour is usually blonde. "The Girl with Golden Hair" was a mini-musical that Benny and Bjorn wrote which ABBA performed during their 1977 tour of Europe and Australia. It is also sung by Amanda Seyfried in the end credits of the 2008 Universal Picture. American singer Deborah Boily recorded a live performance of the song for her album Thank You for the Music. All participants on the TV show Chuva de Estrelas for the channel SIC during the early 1990s sang a version of this song in the end of the show. A live version was performed by Norwegian art band, Hurra Torpedo. The song is briefly included in the ABBA medley performed by Alan Partridge on his mock chat show Knowing Me Knowing You, which is itself titled after the ABBA single of the same name. One of the show's running gags is based around the character's fondness of the band. 16-year-old Zoe Birkett performed a rendition of the song on the final 6 round of hit series Pop Idol, in 2002. In the 2003 comedy film Johnny English starring Rowan Atkinson, it is briefly sung in the dark as an echo chant. The song was sung on Australian Idol season 6 by Teale Jakubenko during ABBA week. In the "French and Saunders: Still Alive" farewell tour in 2008, both Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders perform the song to close the show with Dawn choosing to send herself up by making noises instead of actually singing in some parts. Several ABBA cover bands end their concerts with "Thank You for the Music", as a tribute to the original group. The horror novel Little Star by John Ajvide Lindqvist opens with a quote from "Thank You for the Music". The song is also featured heavily throughout the novel and guides the climax of the story. This song was the last song played on music channels The Hits before it became 4Music, and MTV OMG. This song was the last song played on Indonesian national free-to-air terrestrial channels Banten TV Jabodetabek before it officially new renamed to becomes INTV Jabodetabek. This song was the last song played on Indonesian national free-to-air terrestrial channels INTV Jabodetabek before it officially new renamed to becomes MYTV Jabodetabek. This song was the last song played on Indonesian national free-to-air terrestrial channels MYTV Jabodetabek officially closing ceremony on 8 March 2023. This song was used on the good night song and closedown music of KTV Jabodetabek, Elshinta TV Jabodetabek, MYTV Jabodetabek (Amanda Seyfried only because due to in the soundtrack for the 2008 movie adaptation of the stage musical Mamma Mia!, the song is included as a hidden track sung by actress Amanda Seyfried. In the movie itself, it is heard in the end credits.), Moji Jabodetabek, Kompas TV Jakarta and Jabodetabek, TVRI Jabodetabek, NET. Jabodetabek, JakTV Jabodetabek and tvOne Jabodetabek based in Jabodetabek and surrounding areas. References External links Lyrics of this song 1977 songs 1978 singles 1983 singles ABBA songs The Carpenters songs The Nolans songs Polar Music singles Songs written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus Music videos directed by Lasse Hallström Songs about music 1970s ballads
"The Problem with a Poo" is the third episode of the twenty-second season of the American animated television series South Park. The 290th overall episode of the series, it aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 10, 2018. The episode explores modern political correctness and cancel culture as the people of South Park turn against longtime recurring character Mr. Hankey, and Vice Principal Strong Woman and PC Principal deal with the fallout from their fling at the end of the previous season. These themes are also seen in the episode's references to the 2017 documentary The Problem with Apu, the cancellation of Roseanne after controversial tweets by the show's eponymous actress, and the confirmation hearings of Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh. Plot At a South Park City Council meeting, Mr. Hankey, a sentient piece of feces, and the director of the town's Christmas pageant, is told that the budget for his show has been cut in half. Despite the fact that many in town like him, he is told that many others are offended by him due to his scatological nature. After he takes his anger out on South Park Elementary's music students, both during class and with a series of politically incorrect tweets, the City Council fires him. Unable to find a lawyer to accept his case, he enlists Kyle Broflovski, since Kyle's father is a lawyer. At a public hearing, greater scrutiny is placed upon his history of offensive tweets, which he attempts to minimize as failed attempts at humor that he blames on his use of Ambien. He also argues that preparing for the upcoming Christmas show is more important than focusing on such indiscretions. Vice Principal Strong Woman, pregnant following her fling with PC Principal in "Super Hard PCness" and "Splatty Tomato", tells PC Principal that their affair was a mistake, and that she wishes to break up with him. PC Principal, despite his concerns over whether this is possible, reluctantly agrees, and the two organize a school assembly on in vitro fertilization in order to stave off speculation that Strong Woman became pregnant through sex or any other questions over the father of her children. She gives birth to quintuplets who turn out to be highly politically correct (PC) and bear a strong resemblance to PC Principal, but she refuses to acknowledge that he is the children's father. PC Principal, not being able to stay away from his children, proposes that they tell others that he is the children's male nanny, or "manny". Feeling that people have forgotten what the spirit of Christmas is about, Mr. Hankey enlists Kyle to help him put on a musical performance in the park, but when the show's politically incorrect humor offends PC Principal's and Strong Woman's PC babies, they begin crying. Their distress continues even after Mr. Hankey ceases his politically incorrect material, because it is explained to him that "sometimes PC babies don't know what they're crying about." Mr. Hankey angrily excoriates the townsfolk for this, and when Kyle tries to stop him, an altercation ensues that destroys their stage. South Park severs all ties with Mr. Hankey, ending the long Christmas association between him and the town. Mr. Hankey leaves town, in search of a place that still accepts objectionable, racist beings like him. He arrives in the fictional town of Springfield, the setting of the animated TV series The Simpsons, where the characters native to that show, in particular Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, welcome him with open arms. A title card is then shown that reads "#cancelthesimpsons", mocking cancel culture, and the "#cancelsouthpark" marketing to that was used to promote season 22. Reception Jesse Schedeen rated the episode 4.3 out of 10 in a review for IGN, offering the verdict, "This episode tries to have its cake and eat it too by attacking badly behaving celebrities and outrage culture at the same time, and it fails to accomplish either. The funny moments this week can't outweigh the jumbled, frustrating narrative." John Hugar with The A.V. Club rated the episode a C, summarizing his review stating "'The Problem With A Poo' was a convoluted attempt to insert too many of-the-moment references into one half-hour without definitively saying anything about the possibility of redemption for once-beloved entertainers who engage in abusive behavior." Jess Joho, writing for Mashable, saw the episode as a turning point for the series, and the references to The Problem with Apu and the #CancelSouthPark hashtag evidence of a deeper metafictional subtext than the series had previously exhibited, stating, "For the first time, South Park seems to be genuinely engaged with questioning its own place in the current cultural climate." Noting that the episode seemed intentionally vague as to what its views were on the Roseanne Barr, Brett Kavanaugh, and Simpsons issues, Joho felt that its takeaways were also more "measured, sincere, elusive, and bafflingly balanced" than had previously been the case. Joho also thought that the show's usually bitter take on such topics was not tempered with a greater modicum of seriousness, reason, and empathy, which Joho saw as an opportunity for "potential brilliance." References External links "The Problem with a Poo" Full episode at South Park Studios "Episode 2203 'The Problem with a Poo' Press Release". South Park Studios. October 8, 2018. Political correctness South Park (season 22) episodes Works about feces Works based on The Simpsons
Elections to Stevenage Council were held on 5 May 2011. One third of the council stood for election; the seats which were last contested in 2007. There were no changes from 2007. After the election, the composition of the council remained as: Labour 27 Conservative 9 Liberal Democrat 3 Election result Ward results Bandley Hill Bedwell Chells Longmeadow Manor Martins Wood Old Town Pin Green Roebuck Shephall St Nicholas Symonds Green Woodfield References 2011 2011 English local elections 2010s in Hertfordshire
Gender apartheid (also called sexual apartheid or sex apartheid) is the economic and social sexual discrimination against individuals because of their gender or sex. It is a system enforced by using either physical or legal practices to relegate individuals to subordinate positions. Feminist scholar Phyllis Chesler, professor of psychology and women's studies, defines the phenomenon as "practices which condemn girls and women to a separate and subordinate sub-existence and which turn boys and men into the permanent guardians of their female relatives' chastity". Instances of gender apartheid lead not only to the social and economic disempowerment of individuals, but can also result in severe physical harm. Etymology The term gender apartheid stems from South Africa's racial apartheid that instituted a system of white supremacy () and separated the country's majority black inhabitants from whites. Afrikaans for apartness or separateness, the use of the term apartheid to refer to gender reflects a human rights violation that entails both separation and oppression. In defining apartheid, Dr. Anthony Löwstedt wrote: The concept of separateness in itself does not necessarily imply that any group is or will be favored over any other... The distinctive characteristic of apartheid and of other kinds of oppressive segregation is that political, economic, social, and even geographic conditions are created consciously and systematically in order to forcibly separate groups, invariably to the benefit—at least the short-term benefit—of at least one of the groups, but never, or only accidentally, to the benefit of all of them. It is important to note that gender apartheid is a universal phenomenon and therefore is not confined to South Africa. While reports of gender apartheid have most frequently arisen in the context of Islamic culture, it is prevalent around the world. Some human rights advocates have argued for sanctions against states practicing gender apartheid, similar to those imposed on South Africa under apartheid. In religion Instances of gender apartheid have been found institutionalized through religious and cultural practices. For example, aspects of the treatment of women under fundamentalist interpretations of Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism have been described as gender apartheid. Use of faith, often through strict interpretations of religious code, to justify gender apartheid is highly controversial. Catholicism The terms gender apartheid and sexual apartheid have also been used to describe differential treatment of women in institutions such as the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church. Presbyterian minister and author Patricia Budd Kepler points towards women's institutionalized struggle for acceptance into clergy and religious leadership roles as an example of gender apartheid. Specifically, Kepler criticizes the traditional conceptions of masculinity and femininity that limit female authority in the church, insisting instead that women's entrance into the ministry does not disrupt divine order. Similarly, author Susan D. Rose describes the patriarchal family structure of evangelical Christian churches in America as maintaining gender apartheid. The Roman Catholic Church has been identified as perpetuating gender apartheid due to the Vatican's listing of "the attempted sacred ordination of a woman" as a delicta graviora—in other words, a crime of equal standing to sexual molestation of minors, and "acquisition, possession or distribution of [child] pornography by a cleric". In light of such, some have characterized the Catholic Church as endorsing patriarchy and subsequently alienating women from leadership roles within religion. Islam The Islamic religion has been criticised for the discriminatory nature of its personal status laws and criminal code as applied to women. Islam's patriarchal values remain one of its most contested principles, according to differing schools of thought. Generally, however, male and female rights differ considerably according to Islamic personal status laws. For instance, Muslim men are permitted to engage in polygamy and marry Non-Muslim women while Muslim women are forbidden from having multiple husbands and marrying non-Muslim men, and female inheritances are half of their male sibling's. Furthermore, conviction by Islamic criminal jurisprudence further discriminates against women, as it relies heavily on witness testimony. Female testimonies alone are considered insufficient to convict a murderer, requiring a male testimony for validation. The observance of sexual modesty and plain dress for both Muslim men and women is prescribed by the ḥadīth literature and sunnah (deeds and sayings attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions); the practice of forced veiling is perceived in some areas as a form of gender apartheid. The practice of forced veiling is, according to Shahrzad Mojab, not due to any universal Islamic code; rather, Shahrzad states "the practice has risen under different contextual circumstances". The dress code imposed in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime and schools that require girls to wear a headscarf have been cited as examples of forced veiling. These policies of forced veiling have been criticized as coercive instruments for gender segregation that deny female autonomy and agency. However, objections to this argument suggest that forced veiling does not constitute gender apartheid and that social constructions of the veil have wrongfully made it a symbol of gender inequality. During the five-year history of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the Taliban regime interpreted the Sharia law in accordance with the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence and the religious edicts of Mullah Omar. Women were banned from working, girls were forbidden to attend schools or universities, were requested to observe purdah and to be accompanied outside their households by male relatives; those who violated these restrictions were punished. Men were forbidden to shave their beards and required to let them grow and keep them long according to the Taliban's liking, and to wear turbans outside their households. Among other things, the Taliban also forbade both male and female participation in sport, including football and chess, as well as recreational activities such as kite-flying and keeping pigeons or other pets were also forbidden, and the birds were killed according to the Taliban's ruling. Women's rights activist Mahnaz Afkhami writes that the Islamic fundamentalist worldview "singles out women's status and her relations to society as the supreme test of the authenticity of the Islamic order." This is symbolized by the institutions of purdah (physical separation of the sexes) and awrah (concealing the body with clothing). As in much of the world, institutions suppressing women were becoming less powerful until the resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism at the end of the 20th century. Walid Phares writes that Marxism in the Soviet Union and China, as well as "secular anticlericalism" in Turkey forced women to "integrate themselves into an antireligious society" resulting in a backlash of "gender apartheid" by Islamic fundamentalists. He notes that other religions also have "witnessed similar historical struggles." Judaism Haredi Judaism, also known as ultra-Orthodox Judaism, has been criticized for instituting gender apartheid policies and beliefs. Comprising a small but steadily growing minority within the Jewish culture, Haredi Judaism is distinguished as a community of scholars, with a significantly larger proportion of men continuing their education in yeshiva than women in seminary. Followers of ultra-Orthodox Judaism are also distinct for their clothing and general appearance: unshaven beards, long dark overcoats, and wide-brimmed hats for men; and modestly covered women. Accusations of gender apartheid point towards the culture's repressive nature and sex segregation, as well as the demonization of females as sexual temptation. Additionally, public images of women have been defaced in ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, and young Jewish girls have been spat on and called prostitutes for wearing clothing deemed immodest. Reports suggest that it is largely Haredi fundamentalists who are responsible for acts of gender apartheid, and that the Haredi community as a whole does not condone such practices. Actions of fundamentalist ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel have been referred to as gender apartheid. While women customarily sit in the back of buses in parts of Israel, no formal edict enforces such. However, one incident arose in December 2011 in which an ultra-Orthodox man asked a woman seated in the front of the bus to move towards the back; her subsequent refusal spurred a larger gathering. Police intervention ultimately broke apart the confrontation. Regarding the event, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu expressed his support for public spaces for all and unity within the community. There have also been reports of ultra-Orthodox Jews spitting at women, attacking television crews, and protesting with signs instructing women how to dress and to avoid walking by synagogues. Buddhism Certain Tibetan Buddhist schools require women to process into seminaries and other forms of worship after the men. They are also segregated from men during these events and many other occasions; for example, informal gatherings and dinners, especially when these take place in the presence of a senior monk. There is also anecdotal evidence of men and women—including husbands and wives—being forced to take separate transportation to some Buddhist events and even being required to stay in separate hotel rooms when they are attending them. Case studies Many countries in the world exhibit acts of gender apartheid, though they are more commonly evidenced in the developing world. The following are nations that have purportedly practiced some instance of gender apartheid. Afghanistan Afghanistan, under Taliban religious leadership, has been characterized by feminist groups and others as a system of gender apartheid in which women were segregated from men in public and could not enjoy legal freedoms or equal access to employment or education. Rising to power in late 1996, the Taliban accrued international attention for its treatment of women, enacting policies that limited women's freedom of movement, employment, and education rights. Under Taliban rule, women were at risk for detainment and physical abuse if found guilty for violating the imposed dress code, with violations that included: exposure of the hands, wrist, feet, or face; not wearing a burqa; and wearing items perceived to be offensive, e.g. white socks/shoes, stylish clothing, shoes that make noise while walking. In June 2023, U.N. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan, Richard Bennett, told the Human Rights Council in Geneva about "gender apartheid" in Afghanistan. Iran Malaysia In 2006, Marina Mahathir, the daughter of Malaysia's former Prime Minister and an active campaigner for women's rights, described the status of Muslim women in Malaysia as similar to that of Black South Africans under apartheid. Marina's remarks were made in response to a new Islamic law that enables men to divorce or take up to four wives. The law also granted husbands more authority over their wives' property. Conservative groups such as the Malaysian Muslim Professionals Forum criticized her comments for insulting Sharia and undermining the prominent role of women in Malaysia compared to other Muslim and east Asian countries. Pakistan Pakistani society has been described as employing gender apartheid due to the subordinate status of women in political, economic, and social spheres. For instance, the Citizens Act of 1951 prevents Pakistani women with foreign husbands from obtaining for their spouses Pakistani citizenship. The gender disparities in economic activity, education and literacy, and societal sex ratio have also been cited as evidence of systematic gender apartheid in Pakistan. Some studies suggest that gender roles in Pakistani society are transmitted via primary and secondary school textbooks, by neglecting to include important female figures in history and social studies. Gender apartheid is therefore institutionalized through text and images in which women are appropriated to domestic roles and rarely portrayed working outside of the house. Moreover, in terms of personality and disposition, males and females are characterized as distinct opposites: while women are "vain, silly and stupid", men are "intelligent, brave and strong". Consequently, socialized gender roles reinforce and perpetuate gender apartheid. Efforts to stop discriminatory treatment of women have been made through policies such as the Women's Protection Bill, enacted by Pakistan's National Assembly in December 2006. The act amended the Hudood Ordinance that dictated punishment for various crimes such as rape, theft, and adultery. Previously, the Hudood Ordinances were a subject of controversy for their misogynistic nature and purportedly legal subjugation of women. For instance, female rape victims could be convicted on the basis that their rape amounted to adultery and fornication if not proven otherwise. Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia's practices with regard to women have been referred to consistently as gender apartheid. Acts of gender apartheid purportedly manifest in many different forms, such as the ban on women from physical education in school and from watching sporting events at stadiums. Women were formerly prohibited from driving and still require male permission in order to travel. The Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice oversees the enforcement of sex segregation in Saudi Arabian civil life; any unlawful mixing between the sexes is punished harshly. The Saudi education system also enforces strict gender roles by teaching that women's subservience is innate to womanhood. More recently, a new technology system has been introduced that alerts male guardians by text when their female dependent has left the country. In general, women in Saudi Arabia possess the same legal rights as minors and cannot make major decisions, e.g. in education, work, and healthcare, without the consent of a male relative. Marginalization of women in Saudi society has generated great pressure both domestically and internationally. Recent advancements have been seen in light of Arab Spring and the 2011–13 Saudi Arabian protests, such as King Abdullah granting women's suffrage in the 2015 municipal elections. Additionally, Saudi Arabia has also lifted some restrictions on the use of motorbikes and bicycles by women; women may now bike in certain spaces if properly attired in the abaya and accompanied by a male guardian. Social interventions Scholars and activists alike have criticized international law for its lack of initiative and public action in recognizing particular acts as gender apartheid and acting to prevent it. According to these critics, cultural relativism has too often been a source of defense for gender apartheid, by safeguarding women's oppression from change and subversion. The rhetoric surrounding gender apartheid has also been viewed negatively as a form of neocolonialism that perpetuates stereotypes of Islam. The United Nations' response to the Taliban's human rights violations against women in Afghanistan has in particular been the subject of much controversy. Some argue that the UN "not only failed to prevent and, later, to become an effective opponent of the gender policies of the Taliban regime, but that it actually incorporated discrimination against women in its humanitarian assistance and in the recruitment of local staff." In 1997, the Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF) launched the Campaign to Stop Gender Apartheid in Afghanistan, calling attention to the human rights abuses against women under the Taliban. It has been criticized for promoting "imperial feminism" and for possessing an exploitative tone that denounces Islam as evil. Following the fall of the Taliban regime, the campaign has since expanded and been renamed to become the Campaign for Afghan Women and Girls. It is chaired by Mavis Leno and aims to continue raising awareness of gender inequality in Afghanistan. The No Women, No Play campaign was launched in 2009 by the Hadi Al Mutif Program for Human Rights at the Institute for Gulf Affairs to address women's status in Saudi Arabia. The campaign aims to ban Saudi Arabia from the Olympics until it allows Saudi Arabian women to take part in sports. In its charter, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) declares that participation in sporting activities is a human right. Besides the No Women, No Play campaign, other organizations such as Human Rights Watch have drawn public attention to Saudi Arabia for its sporting restrictions against women. In regards to gender apartheid in Roman Catholicism specifically, the Roman Catholic Womenpriests (RCWP) formed to defy the church position banning the ordination of women. The group has since accrued further intention with the release of the 2011 documentary Pink Smoke over the Vatican. See also Apartheid (South African law) Athos, a Greek peninsula where women are not allowed Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women Female genital mutilation Femicide Gender equality Gender segregation in Iran Global Gender Gap Report Hegemonic masculinity Misogyny Okinoshima, a Japanese island where women are not allowed Separatist feminism Sex segregation Sexism Violence against women Women-only space Notes References External links Against Sexual Apartheid in Iran Interview with Azar Majedi of Workers Communist Party of Iran Apartheid Feminist terminology Gender equality Sex segregation Sexism Sexuality and society Single-gender worlds Women's rights in religious movements
Hallongrotta (plural: hallongrottor) is the name of a common Swedish cookie. The name means "raspberry cave" in Swedish. In the United States they are known as thumbprint cookies. Similar cookies sold in Australia are known as jam drops. The cookies are similar to shortbread cookies with an added filling. It is an easily baked molded cookie, flavored with vanilla. The cookies are typically made with butter, flour, baking powder, sugar and vanilla. The cookies are usually filled with raspberry jam. See also Christmas cookies Cuisine of Sweden References Swedish desserts Shortbread Cookies Foods with jam
Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 30 April 1962. Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo of the National Conciliation Party was the sole candidate and was elected unopposed. Results References Bibliography Anderson, Thomas P. Matanza: El Salvador's communist revolt of 1932. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1971. Benítez Manaut, Raúl. "El Salvador: un equilibrio imperfecto entre los votos y las botas." Secuencia 17:71-92 (mayo-agosto de 1990). Eguizábal, Cristina. "El Salvador: elecciones sin democracia." Polemica (Costa Rica) 14/15:16-33 (marzo-junio 1984). 1984. Kantor, Harry. Patterns of politics and political systems in Latin America. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company. 1969. Political Handbook of the world, 1962. New York, 1963. Schooley, Helen. Conflict in Central America. Harlow: Longman. 1987. Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter. Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 1997. El Salvador Presidential elections in El Salvador 1962 in El Salvador Single-candidate elections Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Zygaena brizae is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found in France, Italy, Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, the Balkan Peninsula, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia. Technical description and variation (Seitz) Z. brizae Esp. (= scabiosae Hbn.) Smaller and weaker than the previous species,[ Zygaena purpuralis ] with considerably shorter antenna. The red wedge-spots are confluent, the basal two-thirds of forewing, apart from hindmargin, being all red, the distal edge of this area being straight and parallel to the edge of the wing. Extends from the Tyrol eastwards into Western Asia. — In erebus Stgr. (= manni Kirby) [ now Zygaena mana Kirby, 1892 ], from Armenia, the hindwing is more broadly edged with black, which is the case also in gallica Oberth. [ now Zygaena nevadensis ssp. gallica Oberthür, 1898 ] from Digne, the red colour of forewing being somewhat reduced in this form. — corycia Stgr. from Syria, is rather intensity coloured, but is very much smaller than typical brizae; the forewing strongly rounded and almost elliptical; the black marginal band of hindwing narrow but sharply marked. — Also of brizae there occur specimens with the red streaks interrupted: ab. interrupta Hirschke, and individuals with red abdominal belt: ab. cingulata Dziurz. — Larva grey-yellow; subdorsally black velvety spots behind which there are yellow spots, these bearing black setiferous dots; stigmata, pectoral legs and head black, the last with a light edged frontal triangle. The blackish, posteriorly yellow pupa, lies in a silvery white cocoon. Subspecies Zygaena brizae brizae Zygaena brizae araratensis Reiss, 1935 Zygaena brizae burssensis Reiss, 1928 Zygaena brizae corycia Staudinger, 1871 Zygaena brizae drvarica Rauch, 1977 Zygaena brizae lycaonica Reiss, 1935 Zygaena brizae ochrida Holik, 1937 Zygaena brizae staudingeriana Reiss, 1932 Zygaena brizae tbilisica Reiss & Reiss, 1973 Zygaena brizae trikalica Reiss, 1977 Zygaena brizae tsibilisica G. & H. Reiss, 1973 Zygaena brizae vesubiana Le Charles, 1933 Biology The larva feeds on Cirsium arvense. The moth flies in June and July. References Moths described in 1800 Zygaena Moths of Europe Moths of Asia
Laura Shepherd may refer to: Laura Shepherd, character in Goodbye World Laura Shepherd (filmmaker), director of Tales from the Cryptkeeper
Sam Windsor (born 12 June 1987) is an Australian professional rugby union player who currently plays as a fly-half for the Rugby New York (Ironworkers) in Major League Rugby (MLR). Professional rugby Windsor joined the Brumbies Academy in Canberra in 2008, before playing with English club Blackheath for two seasons from 2010 to 2012. He played for NSW Country Eagles in the inaugural season of the National Rugby Championship in 2014, and signed a one-year contract to play for Ulster in 2015–16. References External links Sam Windsor stats on It's Rugby 1987 births Living people Australian expatriate rugby union players Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States Expatriate rugby union players in the United States Houston SaberCats coaches Houston SaberCats players New South Wales Country Eagles players Rugby union fly-halves Rugby union players from New South Wales Ulster Rugby players Australian rugby union players Rugby New York players People from the Southern Tablelands Eastern Suburbs players
Kevin Yan may refer to: Yan Yikuan, Chinese actor and singer Yan Zidong, Chinese actor and singer See also Kévin Yann, French footballer
Odesa Raion (also sometimes spelled as Odessa Raion; ; ) is a raion (district) of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It was created on 17 July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. One abolished raions, Biliaivka Raion, Biliaivka and Illichivsk municipalities, parts of Lyman and Ovidiopol raions, as well as the cities of Odesa, Teplodar, and Yuzhne, which were previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance, were merged into Odesa Raion. The center of the raion is the city of Odesa. Population: Administrative division At the time of establishment, the raion consisted of 22 hromadas: Avanhard settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Avanhard, transferred from Ovidiopol Raion; Biliaivka urban hromada with the administration in the city of Biliaivka, transferred from Biliaivka Municipality; Chornomorsk urban hromada with the administration in the city of Chornomorsk, transferred from Illichivsk Municipality; Chornomorske settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Chornomorske, transferred from Lyman Raion; Dalnyk rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Dalnyk, transferred from Ovidiopol Raion; Dachne rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Dachne, transferred from Biliaivka Raion; Dobroslav settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Dobroslav, transferred from Lyman Raion; Fontanka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Fontanka, transferred from Lyman Raion; Krasnosilka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Krasnosilka, transferred from Lyman Raion; Maiaky rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Maiaky, transferred from Biliaivka Raion; Nerubaiske rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Nerubaiske, transferred from Biliaivka Raion; Odesa urban hromada with the administration in the city of Odesa, transferred from the city of oblast significance of Odesa; Ovidiopol settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Ovidiopol, transferred from Ovidiopol Raion; Tairove settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Tairove, transferred from Ovidiopol Raion; Teplodar urban hromada with the administration in the city of Teplodar, transferred from the city of oblast significance of Teplodar; Usatove rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Usatove, transferred from Biliaivka Raion; Velykodolynske settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Velykodolynske, transferred from Ovidiopol Raion; Velykyi Dalnyk rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velykyi Dalnyk, transferred from Biliaivka Raion; Vyhoda rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Vyhoda, transferred from Biliaivka Raion; Vyzyrka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Vyzyrka, transferred from Lyman Raion; Yasky rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Yasky, transferred from Biliaivka Raion; Yuzhne urban hromada with the administration in the city of Yuzhne, transferred from Lyman Raion and the city of oblast significance of Yuzhne. References Raions of Odesa Oblast Ukrainian raions established during the 2020 administrative reform
Lane is a town in Jerauld County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 59 at the 2010 census. Lane was laid out in 1903, and named in honor of T. W. Lane, an early settler. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 59 people, 27 households, and 15 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 37 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population. There were 27 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 44.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the town was 37.6 years. 27.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 54.2% male and 45.8% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 59 people, 30 households, and 18 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 34 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 96.61% White, and 3.39% from two or more races. There were 30 households, out of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 20.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.42. In the town, the population was spread out, with 15.3% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $14,464, and the median income for a family was $18,750. Males had a median income of $16,667 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,750. There were 8.3% of families and 5.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 33.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64. Media The area is served by the True Dakotan weekly newspaper. References Towns in Jerauld County, South Dakota Towns in South Dakota
Houssine Benali (born 15 August 1969) is a retired Moroccan footballer who played as a midfielder. Benali began his professional career with Douai, and went on to play for Nice, but only played ten Ligue 2 matches for the club. He moved to Belgium and played for Eendracht Aalst and Roeselare. Benali joined Ethnikos Asteras for the 1999–00 and 2000–01 Greek Alpha Ethniki seasons. He had a brief stint with Panionios during the 2001–02 Alpha Ethniki season, followed by a stint with Fostiras F.C. during the 2002–03 Beta Ethniki season. References 1969 births Living people Men's association football midfielders Moroccan men's footballers Moroccan expatriate men's footballers OGC Nice players S.C. Eendracht Aalst players K.S.V. Roeselare players Ethnikos Asteras F.C. players Panionios F.C. players MA Tétouan players Ligue 2 players Super League Greece players Expatriate men's footballers in France Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium Expatriate men's footballers in Greece SC Douai players
Gheorghe Şerban (25 June 1954 – 31 December 1998) was a Romanian journalist, politician and writer, best known for his role in the writing of the Proclamation of Timișoara in the wake of the 1989 Revolution. Şerban was born in Buzău. Before 1989, he taught Marxism at Polytechnic University of Timișoara. After taking part in the Revolution, he became a member of the Timișoara Society and a journalist for Timișoara newspaper. In 1994, he joined the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD) and was later elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Timiș County. Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party politicians Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania) People of the Romanian Revolution Academic staff of the Politehnica University of Timișoara Romanian journalists Romanian Marxists Romanian political scientists People from Buzău 1954 births 1998 deaths 20th-century journalists 20th-century political scientists
The Telegraf was a local weekly newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland. The newspaper ran for 42 years, from February 20, 1909, until 1951. It was directed at the Czech community in Baltimore and was published in Czech. The newspaper was founded and first published by Vaclav Joseph Shimek, who also founded the Grand Lodge Č.S.P.S. of Baltimore. After 1929, the newspaper was edited by the Rev. Frank Novak and published by August Klecka. Baltimore's Enoch Pratt Free Library maintains a partial archive of the Telegraf on microfilm in its Periodicals Department Collection. The Telegraf is also available on microfilm at the Center for Research Libraries, the Maryland State Archives, and the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. See also History of the Czechs in Baltimore References External links Newsletter with clipping of Telegraf article Newsletter clipping from Sokoletter Czech and Slovak Press in America 1909 establishments in Maryland 1951 disestablishments in Maryland Czech-American culture in Baltimore Czech-language newspapers published in the United States Defunct newspapers published in Maryland Defunct weekly newspapers Newspapers published in Baltimore Non-English-language newspapers published in Maryland Newspapers established in 1909 Publications disestablished in 1951
Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt (22 February 1906 – 9 July 1982) was a Danish stage and film actor. He was father to Palle Kjærulff-Schmidt. Filmography Komtessen på Stenholt – 1939 En lille tilfældighed – 1939 Sommerglæder – 1940 En ganske almindelig pige – 1940 Pas på svinget i Solby – 1940 En forbryder – 1941 En mand af betydning – 1941 Far skal giftes – 1941 Tante Cramers testamente – 1941 Tobiasnætter – 1941 Mine kære koner – 1943 Bedstemor går amok – 1944 Lev livet let – 1944 Far betaler – 1946 Op med lille Martha – 1946 Sikken en nat – 1947 Mens porten var lukket – 1948 Den opvakte jomfru – 1950 Dorte – 1951 Fra den gamle købmandsgård – 1951 Hold fingrene fra mor – 1951 Vores fjerde far – 1951 Kærlighedsdoktoren – 1952 Vejrhanen – 1952 Min søn Peter – 1953 Sukceskomponisten – 1954 På tro og love – 1955 Mod og mandshjerte – 1955 Bruden fra Dragstrup – 1955 Tre piger fra Jylland – 1957 Skovridergården – 1957 Andre folks børn – 1958 Det lille hotel – 1958 Styrmand Karlsen – 1958 Ballade på Bullerborg – 1959 Paw – 1959 De sjove år – 1959 Gymnasiepigen – 1960 Panik i paradis – 1960 Den hvide hingst – 1961 Landsbylægen – 1961 Løgn og løvebrøl – 1961 Poeten og Lillemor i forårshumør – 1961 Landmandsliv – 1965 Martha – 1967 Brødrene på Uglegården – 1967 Min søsters børn vælter byen – 1968 De røde heste – 1968 Mig og min lillebror og Bølle – 1969 Ballade på Christianshavn – 1971 Far til fire i højt humør – 1971 Da Svante forsvandt – 1975 Olsen-banden på sporet – 1975 Den ubetænksomme elsker – 1982 External links at Danskefilm.dk Danish male stage actors Danish male film actors 1906 births 1982 deaths People from Nyborg 20th-century Danish male actors
Vivid may refer to: Music Vivid (band), a Japanese rock band "Vivid" (song), by Electronic, 1999 "ViViD", a 2016 song by Loona from HeeJin Albums Vivid (Vivian Green album), 2015 Vivid (Crystal Kay album), 2012 Vivid (Living Colour album), 1988 Vivid (Ailee album), 2015 Vivid (KM-MARKIT album), 2005 Vivid: Kissing You, Sparkling, Joyful Smile, a 2008 mini-album by BoA Organizations Vivid Entertainment, a company that produces and distributes adult media Vivid Image, a defunct UK video game developer Vivid Imaginations, a UK toy company Vivid Seats, a ticket exchange company Technology HTC Vivid, a mobile phone Vivid Vervet, the code name for version 15.04 of the Ubuntu Linux distribution Festivals and arts Vivid (arts centre), a media art centre in Birmingham, England Vivid Sydney, an outdoor festival in Sydney, Australia Vivid Live, a contemporary music festival held by Sydney Opera House in Australia Other uses Vivid, a brand of bleach produced by Reckitt Benckiser Vivid, a fictional all-female group in Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage! that make up one half of Vivid BAD SQUAD Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha ViVid, a 2009 manga in the Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha series HMS Vivid
```javascript /** * Simple service to return configuration for generic list. This service contains only * getter methods that all list views uses in Boilerplate frontend application. * * So generally you change these getter methods and changes are affected to all list * views on application. * * @todo text translations / (function () { 'use strict'; angular.module('frontend.core.services') .factory('ListConfig', [ '_', 'DialogService', '$log', 'AuthService','MessageService', function factory(_, DialogService, $log, AuthService, MessageService) { /* * List title item configuration. / let titleItems = { service: [ { title: 'name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'host', column: 'host', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'tags', column: 'extras.tags', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, } ], route: [ { title: 'name / id', column: 'id', width: 100, searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'tags', column: 'tags', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'hosts', column: 'hosts', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'service', column: 'service', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'paths', column: 'paths', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, } ], api: [ { title: 'name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'upstream url', column: 'upstream_url', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, } ], consumerApi: [ { title: 'name', width: 200, column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true } ], consumerACLs: [ { title: 'group', column: 'group', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true } ], consumerService: [ { title: 'name', width: 200, column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'host', column: 'host', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true } ], consumerRoute: [ { title: 'name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'hosts', column: 'hosts', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'service', column: 'service', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'paths', column: 'paths', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true } ], target: [ { title: '', column: '', width: 1 }, { title: 'target', column: 'target', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'weight', column: 'weight' }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, } ], upstream: [ { title: '', column: '', width: 1 }, { title: 'name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'tags', column: 'tags', searchable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'slots', column: 'slots' }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, } ], upstreamAlert: [ { title: '', column: '', width: 1 }, { title: 'Upstream', column: 'upstream_id', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Connection', column: 'connection' }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, } ], kongnode: [ { title: '', column: '', width: 1 }, { title: '', column: '', width: 1 }, { title: 'name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'type', column: 'type', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'kong admin url', column: 'kong_admin_url', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'kong version', column: 'kong_version' }, { title: 'created', column: 'createdAt', sortable: true, }, ], consumerWithCreds: [ { title: '', width: 1 }, { title: 'username', column: 'username', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'custom_id', column: 'custom_id', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Matching Credentials', column: 'plugins', searchable: true, sortable: true }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, }, { title: '', hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('consumers', 'delete'), column: false, width: 1 }, ], consumer: [ { title: '', width: 1 }, { title: 'username', column: 'username', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'custom_id', column: 'custom_id', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'tags', column: 'tags', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'created', column: 'created_at', sortable: true, }, { title: '', hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('consumers', 'delete'), column: false, width: 1 }, ], user: [ //{ // title: '#', // width : 1 //}, { title: '', column: '', width: 1 }, { title: 'username', column: 'username', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'first name', column: 'firstName', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'last name', column: 'lastName', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'created', column: 'createdAt', sortable: true, }, { title: 'updated', column: 'updatedAt', sortable: true, }, { title: '', hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('users', 'delete'), column: '', width: 1 }, ], snapshot: [ //{ // title: 'id', // column: 'id', // searchable: true, // sortable: true, // inSearch: true, // inTitle: true //}, { title: 'name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'node', column: 'kong_node_name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'created at', column: 'createdAt', sortable: true, inTitle: true } ], snapshotschedule: [ { title: 'connection', column: 'connection', inTitle: true }, { title: 'Schedule', column: 'cron', inTitle: true }, { title: 'created at', column: 'createdAt', sortable: true, inTitle: true } ], plugin: [ { title: 'Name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'scope', column: 'scope', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'apply to', column: 'item_id', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true, }, { title: 'Consumer', column: 'consumer_id', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Created', column: 'created_at', class: 'col-xs-2', searchable: false, sortable: false, inSearch: false, inTitle: true } ], certificate: [ { title: 'id', column: 'id', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'tags ', column: 'tags', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'snis', column: 'snis', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Created', column: 'created_at', class: 'col-xs-2', searchable: false, sortable: false, inSearch: false, inTitle: true } ], userlogin: [ { title: 'IP-address', column: 'ip', class: 'col-xs-2', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Browser', column: 'browser', class: 'col-xs-2', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Operating System', column: 'os', class: 'col-xs-2', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Username', column: false, class: 'col-xs-2', searchable: false, sortable: false, inSearch: false, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Login time', column: 'createdAt', class: 'col-xs-4', searchable: false, sortable: true, inSearch: false, inTitle: true } ], "cluster.nodes": [ { title: 'Status', column: 'status', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Name', column: 'name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Address', column: 'address', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true } ], hc: [ { title: '', column: 'active', sortable: true }, { title: 'api', column: 'api.name', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'hc endpoint', column: 'health_check_endpoint', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'notification endpoint', column: 'notification_endpoint', searchable: true, sortable: true, inSearch: true, inTitle: true }, { title: 'Created', column: 'created_at', class: 'col-xs-2', sortable: false } ], }; let defaultLimit = 1000; return { defaultLimit: defaultLimit, getConfig: function getConfig(property, model) { return { itemCount: 0, items: [], itemsFetchSize: defaultLimit, itemsPerPage: 25, titleItems: this.getTitleItems(property), itemsPerPageOptions: [10, 25, 50, 100], currentPage: 1, sort: { column: 'created_at', direction: true, }, filters: { searchWord: '', columns: this.getTitleItems(property) }, where: {}, loading: true, loaded: false, handleErrors: function (err) { model.scope.errors = {} if (err.data && err.data.body) { Object.keys(err.data.body).forEach(function (key) { model.scope.errors[key] = err.data.body[key] }) } }, changeSort: function changeSort(item) { var sort = model.scope.sort; if (sort.column === item.column) { sort.direction = !sort.direction; } else { sort.column = item.column; sort.direction = true; } }, deleteItem: function deleteItem($index, item) { DialogService.confirm( "Confirm", "Really want to delete the selected item?", ['No don\'t', 'Yes! delete it'], function accept() { model.delete(item.id \|\| item.name) .then(function (res) { var context = model.scope.items.data \|\| model.scope.items; context.splice(context.indexOf(item), 1); }, function (err) { $log.error("ListConfigService : Model delete failed => ", err) MessageService.error('Something went wrong! ' + _.get(err,'data.body.message',"")) }); }, function decline() { }); } }; }, /* * Getter method for lists title items. These are defined in the 'titleItems' * variable. * * @param {String} model Name of the model * * @returns {Array} */ getTitleItems: function getTitleItems(model) { return _.isUndefined(titleItems[model]) ? [] : titleItems[model]; } }; } ]) ; }()); ```
Joško Gvardiol (; born 23 January 2002) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Premier League club Manchester City and the Croatia national team. Although primarily a centre-back, he has often played as a left-back. Gvardiol is known for his physicality, positioning and has been touted as a top prospect by his peers. A Dinamo Zagreb youth star, he made his professional debut for the club in 2019, and went on to win two league titles as well as the Croatian Cup. He moved to Bundesliga club RB Leipzig in 2021, where he won two DFB-Pokals, before he was signed by Manchester City in 2023 for £77 million, making him the second most expensive defender in footballing history. A Croatian youth international, he made his debut for the senior side in 2021, and represented them at UEFA Euro 2020 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup, helping his country to third-place at the latter tournament. Club career Early career Gvardiol started playing football at the age of seven when his father Tihomir, once an amateur player in his native Novigrad, took him to Trešnjevka. While there, he was spotted by Lokomotiva and Zagreb; however, at the last minute he received an offer from Dinamo Zagreb which his family accepted. Initially, he played as a left-back or a central midfielder until Dinamo academy coach Dalibor Poldrugač moved him to the centre-back position. Soon after, Gvardiol started drawing interest from prominent European clubs, including Manchester City, Lille, Borussia Dortmund, RB Leipzig, Bayern Munich, Ajax, Inter Milan and Roma. He played a key part in Dinamo's 2018–19 UEFA Youth League campaign, where they reached quarter-finals before losing 4–2 to Chelsea in a penalty shootout. After being impressed by his performances for youth teams, senior Dinamo coach Nenad Bjelica called Gvardiol up to the senior team for pre-season games in Slovenia in summer 2019. On 2 July, he scored in a 2–0 friendly win over Austria Klagenfurt. On 10 October 2019, he was included in The Guardians Next Generation list. Dinamo Zagreb 2019–20 season Gvardiol made his league debut for the senior Dinamo team on 18 October in a 4–2 victory over Gorica, coming on for Mario Gavranović in the 87th minute. In his second league appearance for the club on 2 November, he scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Inter Zaprešić. That made him the sixth youngest league goalscorer for Dinamo, after Alen Halilović, Mateo Kovačić, Niko Kranjčar, Ante Ćorić and Tin Jedvaj. On 12 February 2020, in a UEFA Youth League play-off against Dynamo Kyiv, Gvardiol successfully converted a penalty in a shootout as Dinamo won 4–3 and qualified for the round of 16. In the round of 16 against Bayern Munich on 4 March, Gvardiol deflected Leon Dajaku's shot into his own net to set the score to 2–2. In the resulting shootout, he successfully converted his attempt again as Dinamo won 6–5 and progressed to the quarter-finals. On 25 June, Gvardiol signed a five-year contract with Dinamo. On 5 July, in the derby against Rijeka when the league title was already mathematically secured, Gvardiol deflected Franko Andrijašević's shot into his own net as Rijeka won 2–0, which would eventually cost coach Igor Jovićević his job. 2020–21 season On 26 August, in the Champions League qualifier against CFR Cluj, Gvardiol came on for Mario Gavranović in the 54th minute following Kévin Théophile-Catherine's red card. The game led to a penalty shootout, with Gvardiol successfully converting his attempt, as Dinamo won 6–5 and progressed to the third qualifying round. In late August and early September, the media reported on the interest of the newly promoted Premier League side Leeds United, whose manager Marcelo Bielsa offered €22 million to sign the 18-year-old; however, Gvardiol refused the offer and opted to stay in the Prva HNL and develop further. On 16 September, in a Champions League qualifier against Ferencváros, Gvardiol made an error that led to Myrto Uzuni's winning goal for 2–1 as the Hungarian champions knocked Dinamo out to the Europa League play-offs. However, on 28 September, it was announced that Gvardiol signed for Bundesliga club RB Leipzig on a five-year contract for €16 million, plus various add-ons. The fee was the highest ever paid for a Croatian teenager and the third highest ever paid for a Croatian defender, only behind Dejan Lovren and Duje Ćaleta-Car. Gvardiol remained at Dinamo for the remainder of the season. On 22 October, he debuted for Dinamo in a senior UEFA competition, as Dinamo drew 0–0 with Feyenoord in the Europa League. On 16 November, Gvardiol tested positive for COVID-19, which forced him to miss the derby against Osijek, now coached by Bjelica, on 21 November. On 10 December, Gvardiol scored his first goal in a senior UEFA competition, as Dinamo defeated CSKA Moscow 3–1 in the Europa League. After completion of the Europa League group stage, Gvardiol's performances were highly praised, as Dinamo conceded only one goal and topped their group. On 28 February 2021, he scored the opening goal and assisted the third one in a 3–0 victory over Slaven Belupo. However, after a quadriceps injury in training in early March, he was forced to miss both legs of Dinamo's Europa League Round of 16 tie against Tottenham Hotspur, which Dinamo won 3–2 on aggregate. He returned for the quarter-final match against Villarreal on 8 April, which ended as a 1–0 loss. Three days later, he scored his third goal of the season in a 2–0 victory over Lokomotiva. On 22 May, Gvardiol played his last game for Dinamo, 1–0 victory over Šibenik. RB Leipzig Gvardiol made his Bundesliga debut on 20 August 2021 in a 4–0 victory over VfB Stuttgart, playing the entire match. He quickly established himself in Leipzig's starting XI and attracted attention with his good plays. On 15 September, he made his Champions League debut in a 6–3 defeat to Manchester City. On 11 December, he scored his debut goal for Leipzig in a 4–1 victory over Borussia Mönchengladbach. He significantly contributed to Leipzig's good form during the beginning of Domenico Tedesco's tenure as manager, after the poor start of the season during previous manager Jesse Marsch's term. On 23 January 2022, he scored his second goal of the season in a 2–0 victory over VfL Wolfsburg. By the end of the season, Gvardiol helped Leipzig win the DFB-Pokal and reach the semi-finals of the Europa League, accomplishing both feats for the first time in the history of the club. Furthermore, the DFB-Pokal victory was also the first major trophy title in the history of the club. On 12 August, France Football announced Gvardiol as one of the nominees for the 2022 Kopa Trophy, where he eventually finished in sixth place. On 1 September, Gvardiol extended his contract with RB Leipzig until 2027, with the club having rejected Chelsea's €90 million offer for the player. On 25 October, Gvardiol scored his first ever Champions League goal in a 3–2 victory over Real Madrid. The game was Madrid's first defeat of the season. On 22 February 2023, Gvardiol scored an equalizer in a 1–1 draw with Manchester City in the Champions League round of 16. Aged , he became the youngest Croatian player ever to score in a Champions League knockout phase. Manchester City On 5 August 2023, Premier League club Manchester City announced the signing of Gvardiol on a five-year deal, making him the third Croatian to join the club's first team after Vedran Ćorluka and Mateo Kovačić. The fee was undisclosed, but reported to be around £77 million (€90 million), making Gvardiol the second most expensive defender in the world. Gvardiol made his Premier League debut for Manchester City on 11 August in a 3–0 victory over Burnley, coming on for Rico Lewis in the 79th minute. He was given his first Manchester City start in the 2023 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla, playing the full 90 minutes, with his team winning 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in regulation time. Three days later, he started his first Premier League game in a 1–0 home win against Newcastle United. On 6 September, Gvardiol was announced as one of the nominees for the 2023 Ballon d'Or. International career Gvardiol earned his first call-up to Croatia national under-21 team in October 2019, at the age of 17, when coach Igor Bišćan listed him in the squad for Under-21 Euro 2021 qualifiers against Lithuania and the Czech Republic. Gvardiol debuted on 14 November against the former opponent, being named in the starting lineup, as Croatia won 3–1. On 8 October 2020, he scored the tenth goal in Croatia's 10–0 victory over San Marino, the largest victory in the history of the national team. On 9 March 2021, he was named in Bišćan's 23-man squad for the group stage of the tournament; however, he was forced to miss it due to a quadriceps injury. On 17 May, he was named in Bišćan's 23-man squad for the knockout stage of the tournament, as well as Zlatko Dalić's 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020. After losing 2–1 to Spain after extra time in the Under-21 Euro quarter-final, Gvardiol joined the senior team. He made his senior debut in a friendly 1–0 defeat to Belgium on 6 June, being substituted on for Borna Barišić at half-time. A week later, he earned his first start for the national team, in a 1–0 defeat to England in Croatia's opening game of Euro 2020. At the age of , he became the youngest ever player to play for Croatia at a major tournament, surpassing Mateo Kovačić. He went on to start all Croatia's games at the tournament. On 8 October 2021, he scored his debut goal for Croatia in a 3–0 World Cup qualifying victory over Cyprus. On 9 November 2022, Gvardiol was named in Dalić's 26-man squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. A day later, in a Bundesliga match against Freiburg, Gvardiol broke his nose after colliding with Willi Orbán and prominently wore a face mask during the tournament as a consequence. He received extended praise for his defensive performance in the group stage, especially in the decisive match against Belgium on 1 December that ended up as a goalless draw and saw Croatia qualify for the knockout stage for the third time in history. On 17 December, in the third place play-off against Morocco, Gvardiol scored his first goal for Croatia at a major tournament. At the age of , he became the youngest ever player to score for Croatia at a major tournament, surpassing Ivica Olić. He was named Man of the Match, as Croatia won 2–1 and claimed their second bronze and third overall World Cup medal in history. Despite being a favourite for the FIFA Young Player Award, he lost it to Enzo Fernández. On 5 June 2023, Gvardiol was named in Dalić's 23-man squad for the 2023 UEFA Nations League Finals; however, on 10 June, he was ruled out due to an abdominal wall injury and replaced by Dion Drena Beljo. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Croatia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gvardiol goal. HonoursDinamo ZagrebPrva HNL: 2019–20, 2020–21 Croatian Cup: 2020–21 Croatian Super Cup: 2019RB LeipzigDFB-Pokal: 2021–22, 2022–23Manchester CityUEFA Super Cup: 2023CroatiaFIFA World Cup third place: 2022Individual' Trophy Footballer – Best Prva HNL U-21 player: 2021 Trophy Footballer – Team of the Year: 2021 IFFHS Men's World Team: 2022 IFFHS Men's World Youth (U20) Team: 2022 Kopa Trophy sixth place: 2022 VDV Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2022–23 References External links Josko Gvardiol at Manchester City F.C. Living people 2002 births Footballers from Zagreb Croatian men's footballers Men's association football defenders GNK Dinamo Zagreb II players GNK Dinamo Zagreb players RB Leipzig players Manchester City F.C. players First Football League (Croatia) players Croatian Football League players Bundesliga players Croatia men's youth international footballers Croatia men's under-21 international footballers Croatia men's international footballers UEFA Euro 2020 players 2022 FIFA World Cup players Croatian expatriate men's footballers Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Germany Croatian expatriate sportspeople in England Expatriate men's footballers in Germany Expatriate men's footballers in England Premier League players
The Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. 6) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was one of the Judicature Acts 1873 to 1899. See also Supreme Court of Judicature Act References The Public General Acts passed in the Sixty-Second and Sixty-Third Years of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. Printed for HMSO by the Queen's Printer. London. 1899. Pages 6 and 7. United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1899
Aloise "Alexei" Yegorovich Trupp (, ; 8 April 1856 – 17 July 1918) was the Latvian head footman in the household of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Trupp was an ethnic Latgalian, born in Rezhitsky Uyezd, in the Vitebsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Madona Municipality, Latvia). He was executed with the Romanov family at Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg following the Russian Revolution of 1917. He is buried in the Chapel of Saint Catherine the Martyr within the Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral. Together with the royal family, Trupp was canonized as a martyr by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1981, even though he was a Roman Catholic. The Moscow Patriarchate canonized the royal family as Passion Bearers in 2000, but did not canonize Trupp. See also Romanov sainthood References 20th-century Christian saints 20th-century Roman Catholics 1858 births 1918 deaths Canonised servants of the Romanov household Court of Nicholas II of Russia Executed Latvian people Executed Russian people People executed by Russia by firing squad People from Madona Municipality People from Rezhitsky Uyezd Russian Roman Catholics Victims of Red Terror in Soviet Russia
Kung Fu Angels () is a 2014 Hong Kong-Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Herman Yau. It was released on December 4 in Hong Kong and on December 11 in China. Cast Karena Ng Jeremy Tsui Janelle Sing Alex Lam Zhang Chuchu Tats Lau Johnson Yuen Tak Cheong Song Jia Raymond Wong Box office By December 12, 2014, the film had earned ¥0.32 million at the Chinese box office. References 2014 romantic comedy films 2014 films Chinese romantic comedy films Films directed by Herman Yau Hong Kong romantic comedy films 2010s Hong Kong films
Parapediasia hulstellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles H. Fernald in 1885. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Texas. References Crambini Moths described in 1885 Moths of North America
```c++ /* * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY * specific language governing permissions and limitations */ #pragma once #include <gandiva-glib/gandiva-glib.h> #include <gandiva-glib/expression.hpp> #include <gandiva-glib/filter.hpp> #include <gandiva-glib/node.hpp> #include <gandiva-glib/projector.hpp> #include <gandiva-glib/selection-vector.hpp> ```
```java package com.yahoo.document.json.readers; import com.yahoo.document.PositionDataType; import com.yahoo.document.datatypes.FieldValue; import com.yahoo.document.json.TokenBuffer; import static com.yahoo.document.json.readers.JsonParserHelpers.; /* * @author arnej / public class GeoPositionReader { static void fillGeoPosition(TokenBuffer buffer, FieldValue positionFieldValue) { Double latitude = null; Double longitude = null; expectObjectStart(buffer.current()); int initNesting = buffer.nesting(); for (buffer.next(); buffer.nesting() >= initNesting; buffer.next()) { String curName = buffer.currentName(); if ("lat".equals(curName) \|\| "latitude".equals(curName)) { latitude = readDouble(buffer) 1.0e6; } else if ("lng".equals(curName) \|\| "longitude".equals(curName)) { longitude = readDouble(buffer) * 1.0e6; } else if ("x".equals(curName)) { longitude = readDouble(buffer); } else if ("y".equals(curName)) { latitude = readDouble(buffer); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected attribute "+curName+" in geo position field"); } } expectObjectEnd(buffer.current()); if (latitude == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing 'lat' attribute in geo position field"); } if (longitude == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing 'lng' attribute in geo position field"); } int y = (int) Math.round(latitude); int x = (int) Math.round(longitude); var geopos = PositionDataType.valueOf(x, y); positionFieldValue.assign(geopos); } private static double readDouble(TokenBuffer buffer) { try { return Double.parseDouble(buffer.currentText()); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected a number but got '" + buffer.currentText()); } } } ```
A radix heap is a data structure for realizing the operations of a monotone priority queue. A set of elements to which a key is assigned can then be managed. The run time of the operations depends on the difference between the largest and smallest key or constant. The data structure consists mainly of a series of buckets, the size of which increases exponentially. Prerequisites all keys are natural numbers; max. key - min. key C for constant C; the extract-min operation is monotonic; that is, the values returned by successive extract-min calls are monotonically increasing. Description of data structure The three most important fields are: of size , with 0 as the lowest index, stores the buckets; of size , with 0 as the lowest index, store the (lower) bounds of the buckets; , holds for each element in the heap the bucket in which it is stored. The above diagram shows the data structure. The following invariants apply: key in : the keys in are up or down through the value in or limited. and for : the sizes of the buckets increase exponentially. It is important to note the exponential growth of the limits (and thus the range that a bucket holds). In this way the logarithmic dependence of the field quantities is of value C, the maximum difference between two key values. Operations During initialization, empty buckets are generated and the lower bounds are generated (according to invariant 2); running time . During insert, a new element is linearly moved from right to left through the buckets and the new element with is stored in the left bucket to that ; running time . For decrease-key, first the key value is decreased (checking for compliance with the invariants). Then, the field is used to locate the element and it is iterated to the left, if necessary, analogously to the insert operation. The running time is (amortized). The extract-min operation removes an element from bucket and returns it. If the bucket is not yet empty, the operation is terminated. If, however, it is empty, the next larger non-empty bucket is searched, its smallest element tracked and is set to k (monotonicity is required for this). Then, according to the invariants, the bucket boundaries are redefined and the elements removed to the newly formed buckets; running time (amortized). If displayed, the field is updated. References B.V. Cherkassky, A.V. Goldberg, C. Silverstein: Buckets, Heaps, Lists and Monotone Priority Queues (Abstract), in: Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. January 1997, pp. 83-92. Heaps (data structures)
Kissziget is a village in Zala County, Hungary. References External links Street map Populated places in Zala County
HMAS Vigilant (later known as HMAS Sleuth and HMAS Hawk) was an auxiliary patrol boat serving with the Royal Australian Navy during the Second World War. Notably it was the 120th ship built by the Cockatoo Island Dockyard and the first aluminium ship built in Australia. History PV Vigilant was a prototype ship designed and built at Cockatoo Island Dockyard in 1937–38. The hull and wheelhouse were constructed entirely of aluminium to save weight. As a result, the ship had a total displacement of only 106 tons. It was built for the Department of Trade and Customs, intended for use patrolling waters to the north of Australia in conjunction with the Kuru. It was initially based at Townsville. Naval service The ship was still undergoing sea trials when it was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy in October 1940, commissioning as HMAS Vigilant on 12 November 1940. It was classed as an auxiliary patrol vessel. It was initially equipped with a 3-pounder QF gun but this was replaced with a 20 mm Oerlikon. As well as the mounted gun, it carried a variety of light arms including a Bren light machine gun. Vigilant was transferred to Darwin, Northern Territory in 1941 and was used for protecting the harbour approaches. During the Bombing of Darwin, Vigilant engaged some of the attacking aircraft with its 20 mm Oerlikon and later assisted in picking up survivors from the water in Darwin Harbour. Vigilant, with a hold capacity of 7 tons, played an important role in the Battle of Timor from May 1942 and made several supply trips to the island. During one of these supply voyages, it assisted in the search for survivors from HMAS Armidale. During this time, it also resupplied corvettes operating in the Timor Sea with depth charges. HMAS Vigilant was renamed HMAS Sleuth on 17 April 1944 and HMAS Hawk on 13 March 1945. Hawk was paid off on 12 November 1945. Post-war service After the war, the ship was returned to the Department of Trade and Customs as PV Vigilant, and served as a whaling patrol ship off Western Australia until 1965. Despite attempts to save the ship for preservation, it was scuttled off Sydney in April 1966. Legacy Vigilant Close in Bentley Park, Queensland is named after HMAS Vigilant. Following an overhaul of the RAN battle honours system, completed in March 2010, the RAN decided that, in recognition of the vessel's wartime service, future ships named HMAS Vigilant would be entitled to carry the honours "Darwin 1942–43" and "Pacific 1942–43". Gallery References Patrol vessels of the Royal Australian Navy 1938 ships Scuttled vessels of New South Wales
Realize Bradenton is a nonprofit organization in Bradenton, Florida responsible for implementing the Cultural Master Plan for downtown Bradenton. It was created in November 2009 with a mission to develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and visitors. Background The idea for an organization to undertake cultural planning was a key recommendation of the 2007 Downtown by Design planning process, an initiative sponsored by the Bradenton Culture and Business Alliance and the Knight Foundation. This initiative resulted in the Realize Bradenton Cultural Plan which was created from April 2008 through March 2009 and involved engaging over 1,500 community members in research and planning including interviews, focus groups, public forums and hearings, community surveys, economic impact studies, market research, cultural organization capacity assessment, and research into comparable cities and programs. The nonprofit organization was created in 2009 to spearhead the execution of the Realize Bradenton initiative resulting from the study and planning phases of the project. In September 2009, former Ringling College of Art and Design Vice President, Johnette Isham, was named Executive Director of the group, and in November Realize Bradenton Inc. achieved its formal nonprofit status. Its newly appointed board of directors, chaired by Vernon DeSear, approved the organization’s mission to work on behalf of downtown cultural development. Mission and role The organization's stated mission is "Develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and visitors." This mission is based on leveraging the existing strengths of the downtown area: Current arts, culture, and heritage assets significantly contribute to the economy and quality of life. Physical assets of riverfront, historic downtown, and the Village of the Arts. Area residents value arts, culture, and heritage opportunities and consumer demand is growing. Leaders and citizens are proud of their city and want to collaborate. To carry out this mission, Realize Bradenton acts as a connector between and among its cultural partners in downtown, its sponsors and corporate partners, and the city in the form of the Bradenton Downtown Development Agency. The DDA carries out the role of place-making in Bradenton, whereas Realize Bradenton subsequently fills the role of place-branding. The inter-connectivity of the two groups goes beyond financial considerations. Vernon DeSear, a member of the DDA board, is also chairman of the Realize Bradenton board. Senior Staff Johnette Isham – Chief Executive Officer / Executive Director Brian Craft – Marketing Director Holly Eisemann – Events and Creative Services Manager Catherine Ferrer – Community Engagement Coordinator Joanna Bailey – Support Specialist Accomplishments Realize Bradenton's promotion of downtown happenings has not only led to increased attendance, but also lured new promoters and events to the area including American Craft Endeavors’ popular premiere art fair (previously an annual event in downtown Sarasota, St. Armands Circle and Siesta Key for more than 20 years) which debuted in downtown Bradenton in February 2010. In the spring of 2011, Realize Bradenton won a sizable grant from the Knight Foundation to fund Project Art Connects, a collaboration of top students from local high schools, undergraduates from [New College] and [Ringling College of Art and Design], art and history teachers, local historians, environmental specialists and visiting artists. By utilizing elements of art and social media, the three-year project is meant to form a bridge that connects the community’s past with its present and future through a series of civic, historical and cultural exercises. In September 2012, Realize Bradenton created the "Downtown Ambassadors" program, consisting of volunteers who guide and inform visitors about the city's Riverwalk, McKechnie Field, Village of the Arts and other attractions. The program boasts more than 100 volunteers who assist with events and the promotion of the downtown area. Awards Realize Bradenton received Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council’s Future of the Region Award on April 26, 2019 alongside The City of Bradenton. The award recognizes the collaboration between the two entities for the Creating Together Project, a community outreach effort to ignite community participation in the planning and design of the Bradenton Riverwalk eastward expansion. The Riverwalk expansion is a new segment of the popular park that currently spans along the riverfront in downtown Bradenton. Realize Bradenton was recognized with the American Planning Association's "Outstanding Public Interest Group of the Year" award for their efforts to improve the vitality, prosperity and success of the Bradenton community. At the time, Kathie Ebaugh, principal planner for Lee County Department of Community Development, was quoted as saying "Realize Bradenton is the kind of community development organization that we all wish we had in our communities. It supports the efforts of the city's planning department by engaging the residents, business people, and visitors in community planning activities and public events. In doing so, Realize Bradenton improves the quality of life and livability of the city for all." Realize Bradenton was recognized with the Tampa Bay Business Journal's "2014 Public & Societal Benefit Nonprofit of the Year" award on June 5, 2014. The award recognizes Tampa Bay-based 501(c)(3), non-foundation community organizations benefiting residents of Greater Tampa Bay who are fiscally responsible and accountable with regard to program outcomes. ArtSlam In October 2010 Realize Bradenton produced the ArtSlam event as part of the Festival sARTée — a fringe festival complementing the Ringling International Arts Festival. Thousands attended the public arts festival along the city's Old Main Street as various creative teams of artists and performers competed for the public's votes while completing art installations or performing throughout the daylong event. The Bradenton Herald characterized ArtSlam as "a wildly successful event, brought about by Realize Bradenton." The event was so successful that it has become an annual event in Bradenton with progressively larger festivals held in October 2011 and 2012. With the addition of the Bradenton Blues Festival to the Realize Bradenton event schedule in 2012, the 2013 ArtSlam was pushed back to the spring of 2014 so that the festivals will be more evenly spaced with ArtSlam in the spring and the Blues Festival in the fall. The 2014 ArtSlam was held on March 8, 2014 with record attendance. Bradenton Blues Festival In December 2012, Realize Bradenton produced the inaugural Bradenton Blues Festival featuring a lineup for national and regional blues artists performing at the city's new Riverwalk park which opening in October 2012. "Harry Potter" book series illustrator Mary GrandPré produced an iconic soft-geometry style poster for the event, the proceeds of which went to support local children's music programs. The festival attracted a sold-out crowd of over 3000, and the event has become an annual attraction in Bradenton. Riverwalk One of the causes championed by Realize Bradenton (and the city's Downtown Development Authority) which came to fruition in 2012 was Bradenton Riverwalk. The Riverwalk is a one-and-a-half mile long park on the south bank of the Manatee River bordering downtown Bradenton. It consists of a skate park, day-dock, botanical walk, pavilion, great lawn, splash park & playground, and amphitheatre which opened on October 18, 2012. It serves as a public space as well as a venue for the Blues Festival and other events throughout the year. The attraction was created by renovating existing park space along the riverfront at a cost of $6.2 million in both public and private partner funds. References External links Website of Realize Bradenton Facebook Page of Realize Bradenton Twitter Account of Realize Bradenton Bradenton Downtown Development Authority Bradenton, Florida Non-profit organizations based in Florida 2009 establishments in Florida
This is a list of Westminster Abbey organists, containing the names of the musicians who have been appointed an organist, sub-organist, assistant organist and organ scholar since the sixteenth century. The Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster in London, located close to the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional site for the coronation of the British monarch, for royal weddings and funerals and for other state occasions. In addition, the organist oversees the music for daily services sung by a choir of 12 professional adults and up to 30 boys from the adjacent choir school, accompanied by a Harrison & Harrison installed in 1937. Andrew Nethsingha is the current organist and master of the choristers, Peter Holder is the sub-organist, Matthew Jorysz is the assistant organist and Dewi Rees is the organ scholar. Organists and Masters of the Choristers 1559: John Taylour 1570: Robert White 1574: Henry Leeve 1585: Edmund Hooper 1621: John Parsons 1623: Orlando Gibbons 1625−1644: Richard Portman 1660: Christopher Gibbons 1666: Albertus Bryne 1668: John Blow 1679: Henry Purcell 1695: John Blow (reappointed) 1708: William Croft 1727: John Robinson 1762: Benjamin Cooke 1793: Samuel Arnold 1803: Robert Cooke 1814: George Ebenezer Williams 1819: Thomas Greatorex 1831: James Turle 1882: Sir Frederick Bridge, CVO 1918: Sir Sydney Nicholson, MVO 1928: Sir Ernest Bullock, CVO 1941−1945: Osborne Harold Peasgood CVO (acting) 1941: Sir William Neil McKie, MVO 1963: Douglas Guest, CVO 1981: Simon Preston, CBE 1988: Martin Neary, LVO (acting, 1988−1989) 2000: James O'Donnell 2023: Andrew Nethsingha Sub-Organists 1860: Charles Sherwood Jekyll 1875: Sir Frederick Bridge CVO 1881: Henry Davan Wetton 1896: Sir Walter Galpin Alcock MVO 1917: Stanley Roper CVO 1921: Osborne Harold Peasgood CVO 1941−1946: vacant 1946: Osborne Harold Peasgood CVO 1954: Derek Holman CM 1956: Robert Henry Charles Palmer 1962: Simon Preston CBE 1967: Tim Farrell 1974: Sir Stephen Cleobury CBE 1978: Christopher Herrick 1984: Harry Bicket 1988: 1988: Andrew Lumsden 1992: Martin Baker 1998: Philip Scriven (acting) 2000: Andrew Reid 2004: Robert Quinney 2013: Daniel Cook 2017: Peter Holder Assistant Organists Organ scholars References Abbey organists Westminster Abbey
Karole is a given name. Notable people with the name include: Karole Armitage (born 1954), American dancer and choreographer Karole Rocher (born 1974), French actress Karole Vail (born 1959), American museum director, curator, and writer See also Karol (name) Karola Karolj
Narsingdi-2 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2019 by Anwarul Ashraf Khan of the Awami League. Boundaries The constituency encompasses Palash Upazila and three union parishads of Narsingdi Sadar Upazila: Amdia, Meher Para, and Panchdona. History The constituency was created in 1984 from the Dhaka-25 constituency when the former Dhaka District was split into six districts: Manikganj, Munshiganj, Dhaka, Gazipur, Narsingdi, and Narayanganj. Ahead of the 2008 general election, the Election Commission redrew constituency boundaries to reflect population changes revealed by the 2001 Bangladesh census. The 2008 redistricting altered the boundaries of the constituency. Ahead of the 2014 general election, the Election Commission reduced the boundaries of the constituency. Previously it had included a fourth union parishad of Narsingdi Sadar Upazila: Silmandi. Members of Parliament Elections Elections in the 2010s Elections in the 2000s Elections in the 1990s References External links Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh Narsingdi District
The Shanxi Rift System or Fen–Wei Rift System is a zone of active extensional tectonics that forms the eastern margin of the Ordos Block in northern China. The zone extends for at least and runs south-southwest to north-northeast. The individual rift basins that make up the rift system have an overall en echelon geometry, consistent with a right lateral sense of strike-slip displacement across the zone. The basins contain a thick sedimentary sequence of Neogene age, which ranges from in thickness. The rift system is continuous with the Weihe Basin to the southwest, which became active during the Paleogene. Rupture of the major normal faults that bound the Weihe and Shanxi rift basins has caused many large and damaging historical earthquakes, including the 1303 Hongdong (>200,000 deaths), 1556 Shaanxi (830,000 deaths), 1626 Lingqiu (>5,200 deaths), 1695 Linfen (>52,600 deaths) and 1815 Pinglu (>13,000 deaths) events. Nomenclature The Shanxi Rift System is named for the province of Shanxi as that defines the extent of the rift zone, apart from the Weihe Basin, which is in Shaanxi province. The combined Weihe and Shanxi rift systems are sometimes referred to as the Weihe-Shanxi Rift System. The alternative name, the Fen-Wei Rift System, derives from the Fen and the Wei Rivers which drain through most of the rift zone. Extent The rift system runs for over between the Qinling orogenic belt in the south to the Yinshan-Yanshan orogenic belt in the north, varying in width from . It has an overall S-shaped geometry, trending WSW–ENE to SW-NE at its southern and northern ends and trending SSW–NNE in the main part of the rift system. Basins The main individual rift basins that make up the rift system, from south to north, are the Weihe, Sanmenxia, Yuncheng, Linfen, Taiyuan, Xinding and Datong basins. Weihe Basin The west–east trending Weihe Basin has a mainly half-graben geometry, thickening southwards into the large normal faults that form the boundary on its southern side with the mountains of the Qinling orogenic belt. The two main faults are the North Qinling Fault, which runs from the western end of the basin to just beyond Xi'an. To the east the main basin-bounding fault steps to the north in the form of the Huashan Fault, which continues eastward to near Lingbao, where it forms the southern boundary to the Sanmenxia Basin. The maximum thickness of Cenozoic sedimentary fill in the basin is estimated to be in the range . The oldest unit is though to be of Late Eocene age, dating the onset of rifting in this basin to the Eocene. The sequence consists of continental clastic sedimentary rocks, deposited in alluvial, fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary environments. During the Paleogene the basin initiated as a result of NW–SE directed extension. After a brief period of NE–SW directed extension in the Pleistocene, the current tectonic setting, NNW–SSE directed extension began. GPS data are unable to constrain current displacement rates. Sanmenxia Basin The Sanmenxia Basin trends WSW–ENE and lies between the Qinling orogenic belt to the south and the Zhongtiao Mountains to the north. The basin is long and wide, with a maximum fill of about . It is continuous with the Weihe Basin to the west. Tectonically it is bound to the south by the Sanmenxia-Lingbao Fault, which links to the eastern segment of the Huashan Fault, and to the north by a fault along the southern edge of the Zhongtiao range, the South Zhongtiaoshan Fault. The Sanmenxia Basin shares a similar history with the Weihe Basin, containing a thick sequence of continental clastic sedimentary rocks, with the oldest part of the succession being of Eocene age. Despite their similarities the two basins appear to have remained separate until at least the late Pliocene, when they were connected by the Yellow River. Yuncheng Basin This SW–NE trending basin is a strongly asymmetric half-graben with southeastward thickening into the large normal fault along the northwestern side of the Zhongtiao range, the North Zhongtiaoshan Fault. It contains a maximum thickness of over of sedimentary rocks, which extend back in age to the Late Miocene. The sequence thins northwards to a few hundred metres, with pre-Cenozoic basement rock locally exposed in the E'mei highlands. Linfen Basin The Linfen Basin lies to the north of the Yuncheng Basin, from which it is separated by the E'mei highlands. It has the opposite polarity, that is the boundary fault that controls the half-graben, the Louyunshan Fault, in this case lies on the northwest side of the basin, against the Luoyunshan range. The maximum thickness of the upper Miocene to recent sedimentary fill is in the range . Taiyuan Basin This SW–NE trending basin is m in length and about in width, with a total area of . It is bounded to the northwest by the Jiaocheng Fault and the southeast by the Taigu Fault. It is markedly asymmetric with a maximum thickness developed against the Jiaocheng Fault to the northwest of about , with a sedimentary fill ranging in age from Pliocene to recent. The thickness in this basin reduces to less than on its southeastern edge. Xinding Basin Also known as the Xinzhou–Dingxian Basin, this SW–NE trending half-graben has its main faulted boundary on its southeastern margin as the Xizhoushan Fault against the Xizhouan range. The sedimentary fill of this basin reaches a maximum of about . In some descriptions of the Shanxi Rift System, this basin name has been used to cover three sub-basins, the Dingxiang, Yuanping and Daixian. The Daixian sub-basin has a half-graben geometry and is bounded to the southeast by the Wutaishan Fault. It has a maximum sedimentary infill of about 1,800 m of Pliocene to recent age. Datong Basin Subsidence in the Datong Basin is controlled by the SW–NE trending, SE-dipping Kouquan Fault and the WSW–ENE trending, NNW-dipping Liulengshan Piedmont and Hengshan Piedmont faults. Other smaller basins form part of the northern sector of the rift system south and east of the Datong Basin. These include the Yangyuan Basin (controlled by the Liulengshan Fault), the Hunyuan Basin (controlled by the Hengshan Fault), the Yu-Guang Basin (controlled by the South Yu-Guang Basin Fault) and the Lingqiu Basin (controlled by the Taibaiweishan Fault), all of which have a half-graben geometry. Seismicity The rift system is one of the most seismically active areas in northern China. There have been many major (M>6) earthquakes with epicentres in or close to the rift system, with 16 such events since 1300. The sequence of large earthquakes has been explained as mainly a result of modification of the stress field by each earthquake. Modelling of stress changes starting with the 1303 Hongdong earthquake, have estimated that three-quarters of M≥6.5 events in the rift system occurred in areas of stress increase. References Geology of China Cenozoic rifts and grabens
Gregbrownia brownii, synonym Mezobromelia brownii, is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss. References Flora of Ecuador Tillandsioideae Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Yevgeny Borisovich Leonov-Gladyshev (; born 24 Jan 1952, Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, and film director. He was awarded Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (1993). and People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2007). Background He graduated from the Russian State Institute of Performing Arts (workshop of Vasili Merkuryev and Irina Meyerhold). His debut came in a teenage film (1972). In the film The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed (1979) Leonov-Gladyshev was offered a trial for one of the main roles, Sharapov. But the artistic council did not approve his candidacy, and the role went to Vladimir Konkin. Instead, director Stanislav Govorukhin offered Yevgeny a small role as an operative Vasya Vekshin. Since the early 1980s, the actor has worked in remaking foreign films. In 1992 he tried directing. In 1999 he became president of the Guild of film actors of St. Petersburg. A new round of popularity of the actor came in the police procedural Deadly Force. References External links 1952 births Living people Male actors from Vilnius Soviet male film actors Soviet male television actors Russian male film actors Russian male television actors Honored Artists of the Russian Federation People's Artists of Russia Russian film directors Russian State Institute of Performing Arts alumni
Gmina Chełmno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Chełmno, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 5,239. Villages Gmina Chełmno contains the villages and settlements of Bieńkówka, Borówno, Dolne Wymiary, Dorposz Chełmiński, Górne Wymiary, Kałdus, Klamry, Kolno, Łęg, Małe Łunawy, Nowawieś Chełmińska, Nowe Dobra, Osnowo, Ostrów Świecki, Podwiesk, Różnowo, Starogród Dolny, Starogród Górny and Wielkie Łunawy. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Chełmno is bordered by the gminas of Dragacz, Grudziądz, Kijewo Królewskie, Płużnica, Pruszcz, Stolno, Świecie and Unisław. References Polish official population figures 2006 Chelmno Chełmno County
Nájera is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Antonio Vallejo-Nájera (1889–1960), Spanish psychiatrist Ariel Castillo Nájera (born 1955), Mexican politician Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera (born 1961), Guatemalan chess player Eduardo Nájera (born 1976), Mexican basketball player Elisa Nájera (born 1986), Mexican TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder Francisco Nájera (born 1983), Colombian footballer Fredy Renán Nájera (born 1977), Honduran politician José Manuel Nájera (born 1988), Colombian footballer Juan Carlos Nájera (born 1981), Guatemalan triple jumper and coach Lourdes Gutiérrez Nájera, American cultural anthropologist Manuel Nájera (born 1952), Mexican footballer Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (1859–1895), Mexican writer and political figure Maricruz Nájera, Mexican actress Oscar Ramón Nájera (born 1950), Honduran politician Pedro Nájera (1929–2020), Mexican footballer Rosa María Avilés Nájera (born 1951), Mexican politician Rossana Nájera (born 1980), Mexican actress
Stanley M. Hudecki (April 22, 1916 – June 26, 1988) was a Canadian surgeon and politician. Hudecki was Member of Parliament for the riding of Hamilton West from 1980 until 1984. He was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. Personal life Stanley Michael Hudecki was an orthopedic surgeon by profession. He was the second eldest son of Michael and Mary (Marcisz) Hudecki who arrived in Canada in the early 1900s. The family was composed of three boys and one girl, Leon, Stanley, Stephen and Helen. They lived in Hamilton, Ontario, where father Michael worked at Dominion Glass Works and was also one of the other Polish immigrant men who began the construction of the original Polish-Canadian St. Stanislaus Catholic Church. Mother Mary was a homemaker who delighted in her family and her church. Career background Hudecki went to the University of Toronto and graduated with his M.D. degree in 1940. He was a Captain in the Royal Canadian Armed Forces throughout the war years and served as a general practitioner for the troops. After the war, he met and married Mary Leona Johnson, R.N., of Brantford, with whom he had nine children. During this time, he continued his training as a general surgeon (F.R.C.S.(C.)1950)in Toronto and received his orthopaedic specialist degree in 1960. He maintained his diagnostic and surgical practice in Hamilton, with privileges at St. Joseph's Hospital, where he served as Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery for many years, at the Henderson, at the General and was an associate professor of Orthopaedics at McMaster University. Very involved in the care of crippled children at the Chedoke Crippled Children's Centre, he championed their cause in many situations. As well, he was active in the Rygiel Home for severely handicapped children and was one of the founding members of Participation House which assists and provides accommodations for young disabled adults to live independently. Hudecki and his wife and children were active and devoted parishioners of St. Joseph's Church in Hamilton's West end. He participated, both as a member and on the executive committees, in many associations such as the Thistle Club, Medical Legal Club, the Hamilton Academy of Medicine, the Neuman Club and the Sierra Club, to name a few. A dynamic member of the local Liberal Party, he served in various positions with the executive and was finally persuaded to run as a candidate for the party when the highly respected member of Parliament for Hamilton West, the Right Honourable Lincoln Alexander stepped down in 1980. Thus, Hudecki was elected as a member of Parliament in the 1980 Canadian federal election, and during his term, served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Defence. Loss of seat His seat was lost to Peter Peterson of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in the great Mulroney Tory sweep of the 1984 federal election. External links 1916 births 1988 deaths Liberal Party of Canada MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario Politicians from Hamilton, Ontario Canadian surgeons Canadian military personnel of World War II
The Dowlais Ironworks was a major ironworks and steelworks located at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales. Founded in the 18th century, it operated until the end of the 20th, at one time in the 19th century being the largest steel producer in the UK. Dowlais Ironworks were the first business to license the Bessemer process, using it to produce steel in 1865. Dowlais Ironworks was one of the four principal ironworks in Merthyr. The other three were Cyfarthfa, Plymouth, and Penydarren Ironworks. In 1936 Dowlais played a part in the events leading to the abdication crisis of Edward VIII, when the King visited the steelworks and was reported as saying that "these works brought these men here. Something must be done to get them back to work", a statement which was seen as political interference. The steelworks finally closed in 1987. Beginnings (1759–1807) The works was founded as a partnership on 19 September 1759. There were nine original partners including Thomas Lewis and Isaac Wilkinson. The purpose of the partnership was the: Lewis brought to the partnership a complex system of leases that allowed the erection of a furnace and the right to mine iron ore, coal and limestone at Dowlais, Pantyrwayn and Tor-y-Fan. Wilkinson brought in his patented machine for blowing furnaces. The other partners brought in capital and various other leases and mineral rights. The furnace was established on the hillside above Merthyr, not an ideal location, but all the elements for production were at hand. However, the enterprise struggled, management being too thinly spread among the partners and on 13 April 1767 John Guest was appointed manager. In 1781, Guest purchased 7 of the 16 shares in the works and a second furnace was built. In 1786, John Guest was succeeded by his son, Thomas Guest, who formed the Dowlais Iron Company with his son-in-law William Taitt. Guest introduced many innovations and the works prospered. The era of John Josiah Guest (1807–1852) Thomas Guest died in 1807 and his son John Josiah Guest became sole manager, by 1815 owning nine of the sixteen shares. His brother Thomas Revel Guest owned one and Whyndham Lewis, the remaining six. Guest established the works in the vanguard of the Industrial Revolution and the application of science to industry, the works being honoured by a visit from Michael Faraday in 1819. Under Guest's leadership, alongside his manager John Evans, the Dowlais Ironworks gained the reputation of being "one of the World's great industrial concerns". In 1821, the works supplied iron for the railway tracks of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world's first passenger railway. Over the next three decades, iron was needed in ever greater quantities to build the rapidly expanding railways. Dowlais had many foreign orders for railways in 1835–1836 such as the Berlin and Leipzig Railway and the St. Petersburg-Pauloffsky Railway. Sometime during 1835, Guest made the acquaintance of engineer G. T. Clark. Both had been involved in the Taff Vale Railway. In 1850, Clark married Ann Price Lewis (died 1885), a descendant of Thomas Lewis. Ann's brother had sold her family's last remaining interests in the firm that year, to Guest. At its peak in 1845, the works operated 18 blast furnaces, employed 7,300 people and produced 88,400 tons of iron each year. Reconstruction—Clark and Menelaus (1852–1899) John Josiah Guest died in 1852, having become sole owner in 1851, and was buried at St. John's church in Dowlais. Guest named Clark, his widow Lady Charlotte Guest and Edward Divett as executors and trustees. Lady Guest would be sole trustee while a widow but she remarried in 1855 and de facto control fell to Clark. Henry Bruce, later to become Lord Aberdare, replaced Divett. The works had been, for a while, in some decline and Clark took rapid steps to improve management controls, bringing in William Menelaus as general manager. The pair worked closely together and Dowlais again became a centre of innovation. Though the Bessemer process was licensed in 1856, nine years of detailed planning and project management were needed before the first steel was produced. The company thrived with its new cost-effective production methods, forming alliances with the Consett Iron Company and Krupp. By 1857 Clark and Menelaus had constructed the "Goat Mill", the world's most powerful rolling mill. In 1863, the Company had recovered from a business slump but had no cash to invest for a new blast furnace, despite having made a profit. To explain why there were no funds to invest, the manager made a new financial statement that was called a comparison balance sheet, which showed that the company was holding too much inventory. This new financial statement was the genesis of Cash Flow Statement that is used today. By the mid-1860s, Clark's reforms had born fruit in renewed profitability. Clark delegated day-to-day management to Menelaus, his trusteeship terminating in 1864 when ownership passed to Sir Ivor Guest. However, Clark continued to direct policy, in particular, building a new plant at the docks at Cardiff and vetoing a joint-stock company. He formally retired in 1897. Ben Hooper and David Rees were two of the Loyal and committed workers at Dowlais Ironworks. The era of GKN (1899–1973) Sir Ivor was distracted by other interests and, in 1899, sold the works to Arthur Keen who formed Guest, Keen & Co. Ltd. In 1902, Keen purchased Nettlefolds Limited to create Guest, Keen and Nettlefolds. In 1912, King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary made an official visit to the ironworks as part of a tour of south Wales. They entered through a specially-constructed arch of coal, and left through an arch of steel. Unlike the Cyfarthfa Ironworks, the Dowlais Works' early conversion to steel production allowed it to survive into the 1930s. However, largely as a result of the Great Depression, the main works ceased production in 1936, the company having built a new iron and steel works at East Moors, adjacent to the docks at Cardiff in the late 19th century. Visit by King Edward VIII On 18 November 1936 Dowlais Ironworks was visited by King Edward VIII, which at the time was closed, putting thousands out work. The King was reported as saying that "these works brought these men here. Something must be done to get them back to work", a statement which was seen as political interference, and contributed to the Edward VIII abdication crisis. The iron foundry and engineering works in Dowlais, still known locally as the "Ifor Works" after John Josiah's son, continued to operate and new facilities were built after 1945. British Steel—managing the decline (1973–1987) It continued for some years under the name of the Dowlais Foundry and Engineering Company, but was transferred to the nationalised British Steel Corporation in 1973, along with £20 million in cash (equivalent to £153 million in 2003) , in return for the, previously nationalised, Brymbo Steelworks. It closed in 1987. References Bibliography James, B. Ll. (2004) "Clark, George Thomas (1809–1898)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 21 August 2007 Lewis, M. J. (1983) "G. T. Clark and the Dowlais Iron Company: an entrepreneurial study", MSc Econ diss., U. Wales Williams, J. (2004) "Menelaus, William (1818–1882)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 3 September 2007 Further reading External links Old Merthyr Tydfil: Dowlais Ironworks - Historical Photographs of Dowlais Ironworks, Merthyr Tydfil. Ironworks and steelworks in Wales Industrial history of the United Kingdom Manufacturing companies established in 1759 Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1987 1987 disestablishments in Wales 1759 establishments in Wales British companies established in 1759
The 139th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1918 during the governorship of Samuel W. McCall. Henry Gordon Wells served as president of the Senate and Channing H. Cox served as speaker of the House. Senators Representatives See also 1918 Massachusetts gubernatorial election 65th United States Congress List of Massachusetts General Courts Images References Further reading External links Political history of Massachusetts Massachusetts legislative sessions massachusetts 1918 in Massachusetts
Lu Yen-hsun and Danai Udomchoke were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jamie Murray and John Peers. Murray and Peers went on to win the title, defeating Tomasz Bednarek and Johan Brunström in the final, 6–3, 3–6, [10–6]. Seeds Draw Draw References Main Draw Doubles PTT Thailand Open - Doubles in Thai tennis
Samuel Scott Howes (born 10 November 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Leyton Orient. Club career Howes began his career at Crystal Palace, playing for the club's academy for two years, before moving to West Ham United at the age of ten. In 2014, Howes won West Ham's Young Hammer of the Year award, as well as signing his first professional contract in November of that year. During Howes' time at West Ham, he made an appearance for West Ham's first team against Sydney FC, in July 2014, in the club's pre-season tour of New Zealand and featured once on the bench, in an FA Cup tie against Liverpool in January 2016. During his time at West Ham, Howes was loaned out to National League South sides Wealdstone and Hampton & Richmond Borough. In July 2017, Howes signed for Watford. Shortly after his move to Watford, Howes returned to Hampton & Richmond on loan. Howes made 20 league appearances for Hampton, before a further loan spell followed at Eastbourne Borough in January 2019, where Howes made 14 league appearances. In July 2019, upon the expiry of his contract at Watford, Howes signed for Woking. In November 2019, after failing to break into the starting XI at Woking, Howes signed for Chelmsford City on a one-month loan deal. In March 2020, following two league appearances for Woking, Howes joined Dorking Wanderers on loan. Ahead of the 2020–21 season, Howes joined Dorking permanently. Howes made eight appearances for Dorking in all competitions during the season. During the summer of 2021, Howes signed for Isthmian League club Horsham. During the season, Howes made 58 appearances for Horsham in all competitions, as the club won the Alan Turvey Trophy. On 30 April 2022, Howes signed for Wealdstone on an emergency loan deal. On 21 June 2022, Howes signed for Wealdstone on a permanent deal, marking his third spell at the club. Howes was an ever present for Wealdstone during the 2022–23 National League season, making 46 appearances. On 6 July 2023, Howes signed for Leyton Orient on a two-year contract. On 8 August 2023, Howes made his debut for Leyton Orient, starting in a 2–0 EFL Cup loss against Plymouth Argyle. International career Howes has represented England at under-16, under-17, under-18 and under-19 level. In 2014, Howes was part of the England squad, making one appearance, that won the 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. In March 2023, Howes was called up to the England C squad. Honours England U17 UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2014 Horsham Alan Turvey Trophy: 2021–22 Individual West Ham United Young Player of the Year: 2013–14 References 1997 births Living people Men's association football goalkeepers English men's footballers Footballers from Southend-on-Sea National League (English football) players Isthmian League players West Ham United F.C. players Watford F.C. players Wealdstone F.C. players Hampton & Richmond Borough F.C. players Eastbourne Borough F.C. players Woking F.C. players Chelmsford City F.C. players Dorking Wanderers F.C. players Horsham F.C. players Leyton Orient F.C. players England men's youth international footballers England men's semi-pro international footballers
Marimatha nigrofimbria, the black-bordered lemon moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America east of the Rocky Mountains and in Arizona and California. The wingspan is . Adults are on wing from May to September in the northern part of the range and from March to November in the south. The larvae feed on Digitaria ischaemum and Ipomoea sagittata. Conservation This species is listed as "Critically Imperiled" in New York State based on NY sitting at the Northern range limit. References External links "Black-bordered Lemon (Marimatha nigrofimbria)". Insect Identification. Retrieved October 7, 2020. Noctuinae Moths described in 1852
Rafael Osuna and Dennis Ralston were the defending champions, but Osuna did not compete. Ralston competed with Chuck McKinley but lost in the quarterfinals to Roy Emerson and Neale Fraser. Emerson and Fraser defeated Bob Hewitt and Fred Stolle in the final, 6–4, 6–8, 6–4, 6–8, 8–6 to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1961 Wimbledon Championship. Seeds Roy Emerson / Neale Fraser (champions) Rod Laver / Bob Mark (semifinals) Nicola Pietrangeli / Orlando Sirola (first round) Luis Ayala / Ramanathan Krishnan (quarterfinals) Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Bottom half Section 3 Section 4 References External links Men's Doubles 1961
```objective-c /* * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. * * Authors: AMD * / #ifndef __DAL_IRQ_SERVICE_DCN201_H__ #define __DAL_IRQ_SERVICE_DCN201_H__ #include "../irq_service.h" struct irq_service dal_irq_service_dcn201_create( struct irq_service_init_data *init_data); #endif ```
The canton of Ensisheim is an administrative division of the Haut-Rhin department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Ensisheim. It consists of the following communes: Algolsheim Appenwihr Artzenheim Balgau Baltzenheim Biesheim Biltzheim Blodelsheim Dessenheim Durrenentzen Ensisheim Fessenheim Geiswasser Heiteren Hettenschlag Hirtzfelden Kunheim Logelheim Meyenheim Munchhouse Munwiller Nambsheim Neuf-Brisach Niederentzen Niederhergheim Oberentzen Oberhergheim Obersaasheim Réguisheim Roggenhouse Rumersheim-le-Haut Rustenhart Urschenheim Vogelgrun Volgelsheim Weckolsheim Widensolen Wolfgantzen References Cantons of Haut-Rhin
```php <?php /* * * File ini bagian dari: * * OpenSID * * Sistem informasi desa sumber terbuka untuk memajukan desa * * Aplikasi dan source code ini dirilis berdasarkan lisensi GPL V3 * * Hak Cipta 2009 - 2015 Combine Resource Institution (path_to_url * Hak Cipta 2016 - 2024 Perkumpulan Desa Digital Terbuka (path_to_url * * Dengan ini diberikan izin, secara gratis, kepada siapa pun yang mendapatkan salinan * dari perangkat lunak ini dan file dokumentasi terkait ("Aplikasi Ini"), untuk diperlakukan * tanpa batasan, termasuk hak untuk menggunakan, menyalin, mengubah dan/atau mendistribusikan, * asal tunduk pada syarat berikut: * * Pemberitahuan hak cipta di atas dan pemberitahuan izin ini harus disertakan dalam * setiap salinan atau bagian penting Aplikasi Ini. Barang siapa yang menghapus atau menghilangkan * pemberitahuan ini melanggar ketentuan lisensi Aplikasi Ini. * * PERANGKAT LUNAK INI DISEDIAKAN "SEBAGAIMANA ADANYA", TANPA JAMINAN APA PUN, BAIK TERSURAT MAUPUN * TERSIRAT. PENULIS ATAU PEMEGANG HAK CIPTA SAMA SEKALI TIDAK BERTANGGUNG JAWAB ATAS KLAIM, KERUSAKAN ATAU * KEWAJIBAN APAPUN ATAS PENGGUNAAN ATAU LAINNYA TERKAIT APLIKASI INI. * * @package OpenSID * @author Tim Pengembang OpenDesa * @copyright Hak Cipta 2009 - 2015 Combine Resource Institution (path_to_url * @copyright Hak Cipta 2016 - 2024 Perkumpulan Desa Digital Terbuka (path_to_url * @license path_to_url GPL V3 * @link path_to_url * */ namespace App\Observers; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; defined('BASEPATH') \|\| exit('No direct script access allowed'); class AuthorObserver { public function creating(Model $model): void { $model->created_by = auth()->id; $model->updated_by = auth()->id; } public function updating(Model $model): void { $model->updated_by = auth()->id; } } ```
Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia is a legal penalty. Death sentences are almost exclusively based on the system of judicial sentencing discretion (tazir), following the classical principle of avoiding Sharia-prescribed (hudud) penalties when possible. In recent decades, the government and the courts have increasingly issued these sentences, reacting to a rise in violent crime during the 1970s. This paralleled similar developments in the U.S. and Mainland China in the late 20th century. The kingdom executed at least 158 people in 2015, at least 154 in 2016, at least 146 in 2017, 149 in 2018, 184 in 2019, 69 in 2020, and at least 116 in 2022. The drastic reduction in 2020 was due to a moratorium on death penalties for drug-related offenses as Saudi Arabia proposed ending the death penalty for these and other nonviolent offences. Additionally, on 26 April 2020, a royal decree ended the execution of people who were juveniles when they committed their crime. (Saudi Arabia had previously executed these people despite having signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child.) Nonetheless, there were 67 executions in 2021, more than doubling the previous year's, according to the European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights. In January 2022, at least 43 detainees, including 12 minors, were threatened with execution. On March 12, 2022, Saudi Arabia executed 81 people, seven of whom were Yemenis and one of whom was a Syrian, in the largest known mass execution in the history of the country. Methodology Saudi Arabia has a criminal justice system based on a form of Shari'ah reflecting a particular state-sanctioned interpretation of Islam. Execution is usually carried out by beheading with a sword and hanging but may occasionally be performed by shooting or firing squad. Saudi Arabia performs public executions. Sentences are primarily given on confession. Human Rights Watch says the majority of people are tortured to obtain confession and courts have not investigated it. As of April 2020, minors who commit crimes will no longer face execution when they turn 18, and would instead face a maximum of 10 years in juvenile detention facility. A 2018 report by the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) asserts that the number of beheadings in the kingdom during the first quarter of 2018 rose by over 70 percent compared to the same period in 2017. A public beheading will typically take place around 9 a.m. The convicted person is walked to a courtyard near the courthouse and kneels in front of the executioner. A police official announces the crimes committed by the person and the beheading takes place. The executioner uses a sword known as a sulthan to remove the condemned person's head from his or her body at the neck. After a medical examiner inspects the body and then pronounces the convict dead, a police official announces the crimes committed by the beheaded convict once again and the process is complete. Professional executioners have beheaded as many as 10 people in a single day. Crucifixion of the beheaded body is sometimes ordered in cases where the person was a child molester or a rapist. For example, in 2009, the Saudi Gazette reported that "an Abha court had sentenced the leader of an armed gang to death and three-day crucifixion (public displaying of the beheaded body) and six other gang members to beheading for their role in jewelry store robberies in Asir." (This practice resembles gibbeting, in which the entire body is displayed.) In 2003, Muhammad Saad al-Beshi, whom the Bdescribed as "Saudi Arabia's leading executioner", gave a rare interview to Arab News. He described his first execution in 1998: "The criminal was tied and blindfolded. With one stroke of the sword I severed his head. It rolled metres away... People are amazed how fast [the sword] can separate the head from the body." He also said that, before an execution, he visits the victim's family to seek forgiveness for the criminal, which can lead to the criminal's life being spared. Once an execution goes ahead, his only conversation with the prisoner is to tell him or her to recite the Muslim declaration of belief, the Shahada. "When they get to the execution area, their strength drains away. Then I read the execution order, and at a signal I cut the prisoner's head off," he said. Capital offences to relocate the law Saudi law theoretically allows the death penalty for a variety of crimes: Apostasy Treason Homosexuality Espionage Murder Rape Terrorism Drug smuggling Armed robbery Blasphemy Burglary if aggravated circumstances, including recidivism Adultery (unmarried adulterers can be sentenced to 100 lashes, married ones can be sentenced to stoning.) Sorcery or witchcraft Waging war on God Murder Murder is punishable by death in Saudi Arabia. If a murderer pays a family of the victim blood money, and the family approves of the choice, the murderer will not be executed. The criminal justice system waits until the family makes a decision on whether the family of the victim will accept blood money or if the family of the victim will choose to have the murderer executed, or to completely forgive the perpetrator. Other offences Sharia background The Saudi judiciary can impose the death penalty according to three categories of criminal offence in Sharia law: Hudud: Fixed punishments for specific crimes. Hudud crimes which can result in the death penalty include apostasy, adultery, and sodomy although requirement of evidence is high and is usually based on confession. Punishment for adultery and sodomy is stoning. No stoning has taken place in Saudi Arabia in the last decades. Qisas: Eye-for-an-eye retaliatory punishments. Qisas crimes include murder. Families of someone murdered can choose between demanding the death penalty or granting clemency in return for a payment of diyya, or blood money, by the perpetrator. The amount of blood-money requested can be quite considerable: a recent report mentions a sum of $11 million demanded in exchange for clemency. Tazir: A general category, including crimes defined by national regulations, some of which can be punished by death, such as drug trafficking. A conviction requires proof in one of three ways: An uncoerced confession. The testimony of two male witnesses can result in conviction. This excludes "hudud crimes", in which case a confession is also required. An affirmation or denial by oath can be required. Giving an oath is taken particularly seriously in a religious society such as Saudi Arabia's, and a refusal to take an oath will be taken as an admission of guilt resulting in conviction. Adultery In order for an individual to be convicted in a Saudi sharia law court of adultery, he/she must confess to the act four times in front of the court; otherwise four pious male Muslims or two pious men and two women who witnessed the actual sexual penetration must testify in front of the court. If the witnesses were spying on the defendants or intentionally watched the defendants commit adultery, their uprightness would be called into question and a conviction for adultery would not take place. According to the Islamic sharia law, the burden of proof is on the accuser; and if only one of those witnesses retracted his/her testimony then the accused will be acquitted and the remaining witnesses will be prosecuted for perjury Quran 24:4. The execution method for adultery committed by married men and women is stoning (see Capital offences). If the conviction was established through confession, a retraction of the confession or the defendant leaving the pit while stoning is taking place results in the penalty being stayed. If the conviction was established through the testimony of four witnesses, the witnesses must initiate the stoning, and failure to do so results in the execution being stayed. Sandra Mackey, author of The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom, stated in 1987 that in Saudi Arabia, "unlike the tribal rights of a father to put to death a daughter who has violated her chastity, death sentences under Qur'anic law [for adultery] are extremely rare." Mackey explained that "[c]harges of adultery are never made lightly. Since the penalty is so severe, women are protected from unfounded accusations of sexual misconduct". During a human rights dialogue with European jurists that took place several years before 1987, a Saudi delegate acknowledged that it is difficult to have a person convicted of adultery. According to Mackey, in a 20-year period ending in 1987, one woman "is acknowledged to" have been executed by stoning for adultery. Princess Misha'al was shot several times in the head for adultery in 1977; investigation revealed she never faced a trial and was executed extrajudicially; scholars have termed her execution as honor killing. Witchcraft Muree bin Ali bin Issa al-Asiri, who was found in possession of talismans, was executed in the southern Najran province in June 2012. A Saudi woman, Amina bin Salem Nasser, was executed for being convicted of practising sorcery and witchcraft in December 2011 in Al Jawf Region, and a Sudanese man (Abdul Hamid Bin Hussain Bin Moustafa al-Fakki) was executed in a car park in Medina for the same reason on 20 September 2011. In 2014, Mohammed bin Bakr al-Alawi was beheaded on 5 August for allegedly practicing black magic and sorcery. Mass executions 2016 On 2 January 2016, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia carried out a mass execution of 47 imprisoned civilians convicted for terrorism in 12 different provinces. Forty-three were beheaded and four were executed by firing squads. Among the 47 people killed was Shia Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr. The execution was the largest carried out in the kingdom since 1980. These executions were the first to be carried out in 2016, with rights groups claiming that Saudi Arabia had executed at least 157 people in the year prior. In 2015, it was said that this year holds the greatest number of executions since 1995. 2019 On 23 April 2019, the Saudi Interior Ministry stated that the Kingdom carried out a mass execution of 37 imprisoned civilians who had been convicted, mostly on the basis of confessions obtained under torture or written by the accused's torturers, for terrorism-related allegations in 6 provinces in the country. Fourteen of the people executed had been convicted in relation to their participation in the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests in Qatif, mostly on the basis of torture-induced confessions. The executions were carried out by beheading, and two of the bodies were publicly hung from a pole. According to Saudi Arabia's Interior Ministry the convicts were all Saudi nationals. Thirty two of those executed belonged to the country's Shia minority. One of the thirty-two, Abdul Kareem Al Hawaj, was 16 years old at the time of his alleged crime; executions for crimes committed by those under 18 are violations of international law. According to Reprieve, two others were also under 18 at the time of their alleged crimes, Mujtaba al-Sweikat and Salman Qureish. The bodies of at least 33 out of these 37 people executed were not handed back to their respective families. The Saudi government did not publicly explain why, and had not handed back the corpses of those executed as of 8 April 2020. It is thought that they fear it would lead to protest by their Shia minority. 2022 In March 2022, Saudi Arabia executed 81 people, transcending the 67 people executed in 2021. The men executed which included 37 Saudi nationals, some Yemenis and Syrians, were allegedly convicted of several criminal offenses such as the murder of innocent men, women, and children, as per the official statement issued. Rights groups accused the government of imposing restrictive laws against religious expression and political views and criticized its use of the death penalty, including those arrested as minors, and cited the execution as a violation of human rights. However, the government of Saudi Arabia denied the accusations of human rights abuse and claimed that the said laws were imposed to protect its national security. Criticism The use of public beheading as the method of capital punishment and the number of executions have attracted strong international criticism. Several executions, particularly of foreign workers, have sparked international outcries. In June 2011, Ruyati binti Satubi, an Indonesian maid, was beheaded for killing her employer's wife, reportedly after years of abuse. Her execution drew extensive criticism from Indonesian press, government and human rights groups. In September 2011, a Sudanese migrant worker was beheaded for sorcery, an execution which Amnesty International condemned as "appalling". Amnesty International said that Saudi Arabia doesn't have a formal law on Sorcery but some conservative clerics call for strictest punishment possible. In January 2013, a Sri Lankan maid named Rizana Nafeek was beheaded after she was convicted of murdering a child under her care, an event which she attributed to the infant's choking. The execution drew international condemnation of the government's practices, and led Sri Lanka to recall its ambassador. These are not isolated cases. According to figures by Amnesty International, in 2010 at least 27 migrant workers were executed and, as of January 2013, more than 45 foreign maids were on death row awaiting execution. In practice, capital punishment has also been used to sentence political protesters. Ali al-Nimr and Dawoud al-Marhoon were both arrested at the age of 17 in 2012 during Arab Spring protests in the Eastern Province, tortured, forced to confess, and sentenced to decapitation in 2014 and 2015. Sheikh Nimr al Nimr, an independent sheikh critical of the Saudi government and popular among youth and Ali al Nimr's uncle, was also arrested in 2012 and sentenced to death by the Specialized Criminal Court in 2014 for his role in encouraging political protests. Nimr al Nimr was executed on 2 January 2016, along with 46 other people, mostly terrorists arrested in the 2000s. From the available sources about the Nimr al-Nimr case it seems that Saudi officials use the term "terrorism" as cover label for "thought crimes" which in other countries would be considered normal work of an opposition politician. On 20 October 2020, Human Rights Watch revealed that Saudi authorities were seeking the death penalty against eight men from Saudi Arabia who were charged with protest-related crimes. Some of the alleged crimes were committed when they were children, between the ages of 14 and 17. One of them, charged for a non-violent crime, allegedly committed it at the age of 9. All men who were at risk of capital punishment were in pretrial detention for nearly two years. In March 2021, Human Rights Watch claimed that a Saudi man, Abdullah al-Huwaiti, could face execution for an alleged murder and robbery he committed when he was 14 years old. Disregarding the 2020 ruling abolishing the death penalty for juveniles, al-Huwaiti faces execution following an unfair trial. On 15 June 2021, the Ministry of Interior of Saudi Arabia announced that it executed Mustafa Hashem al-Darwish (26), who was allegedly charged for forming a terror cell and trying to carry out an armed revolt at the age of 17. He was detained since May 2015 for participating in anti-government protests. For years, he was placed in solitary confinement and was brutally beaten several times. During the trial, Al-Darwish told the court that he was tortured to confess the charges against them. Despite all the facts, he was sentenced to death and was ultimately beheaded. On 8 June 2021, Amnesty International had urged the Saudi authorities to “immediately halt all plans to execute Mustafa al-Darwish”, stating that the “death penalty is an abhorrent violation of the right to life in all circumstances”. On 15 December 2013, another Saudi citizen, Aqil Al-Fararj, was arrested due to a discrepancy in the chassis number of the vehicle he was driving. After his arrest, several charges were brought against him, including participation in the formation of a terrorist cell affiliated with a secret armed organization that aims at armed revolt against the ruler, destabilizing internal security, killing security men, concealing arms, and drug dealing. On 1 June 2021, the Court of Appeal ratified the Taazir death sentence issued against him, which means that only the approval of the Supreme Court and the signature of the King before execution remained. Extrajudicial executions Saudi Arabia does not tolerate dissidents and it can impose penalties on such people. Saudi Arabia is also responsible for the extrajudicially assassination of Saudi-American journalist Jamal Khashoggi in 2018. He was executed at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul by a squad of Saudi assassins who had been sent to Turkey with the express purpose of entrapping and killing him. See also Crime in Saudi Arabia Law of Saudi Arabia Human rights in Saudi Arabia References Sources Mackey, Sandra. The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom. Updated Edition. Norton Paperback. W.W. Norton and Company, New York. 2002 (first edition: 1987). pbk. Citations External links Saudi Arabia Murder in Saudi Arabia Law of Saudi Arabia Human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia Controversies in Saudi Arabia
```python Your own Python `calendar` `Module`s everywhere! Special attributes of objects and classes Get the most of `int`s Implementing weak references ```

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