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Cantar (also spelled Shandar or Sandar, they are also known as Shanar and Shandrar) is a Tamil caste found in Sri Lanka. They are traditionally occupied in Oil-pressing and cultivation.
Etymology
The Cantars are also known as Shanar. The term is proposed as an etymologically corruptive derivative of shandrar, the older term for the community.
History
They were originally tree-climbers and toddy tappers. They claim origin from the Shanars of South India, who settled in Sri Lanka, initially in the Puttalam region, due to social clashes and overpopulation in South India.
The Jaffna Kingdom were known for exporting elephants, which were caught in the Vanni region and maintained by the Cantars. The Cantars had to pay taxes to the Jaffna kings for producing jaggery and pinattu (a sweet or pulp, made of dried palmyra fruit).
The Cantars have in recent centuries taken to oil milling, specializing in gingelly oil.
See also
Nadar
References
Sri Lankan Tamil castes
Brewing and distilling castes |
Polychrosis meliscia is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Zealand at the Kermadec Islands.
Taxonomy
This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1910 using specimens collected on Raoul Island and named Polychrosis meliscia. In 1972 J. S. Dugdale referred to this species as Lobesia meliscia. But in 1988 Dugdale discussed this species under its original name Polychrosis meliscia. This placement was confirmed in 2010 by Robert Hoare in the New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity where the species was again discussed under the name Polychrosis meliscia. The female holotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London.
Description
Meyrick described this species as follows:
Distribution
This species is found on the Kermadec Islands.
References
Olethreutini
Moths described in 1910
Moths of New Zealand
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Fauna of the Kermadec Islands
Endemic moths of New Zealand |
Nedre Bardu Chapel () is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Bardu Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located along the Barduelva river in northern Bardu, about north of Setermoen and about south of Bardufoss. It is an annex chapel for the Bardu parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The brown, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1981 using plans drawn up by the architect Eva Østgård. The chapel seats about 120 people.
See also
List of churches in Nord-Hålogaland
References
Bardu
Churches in Troms
Wooden churches in Norway
20th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1981
1981 establishments in Norway
Long churches in Norway |
Z-STAR (pronounced 'zee-star') is the alias of Zee Gachette a British/Trinidadian singer-songwriter, musician, artist, and record producer based in Brighton and signed to Muthastar Records. Zee has released three albums under the name Z-STAR, Voodoo Dragon Risin (VDR 2000), Who Loves Lives (EMI 2004) and Masochists & Martyrs (Muthastar 2010). Each album is very different with a wide range of songs and sounds.
Career
The latest EP release 16 Tons, is a return to the rock roots. The musical arrangements are written and performed by diverse collective of world class musicians. At the core Zee Gachette (lead vocals, drums, guitars, sounds), Nikolaj Bjerre from Denmark (drums), Mark Meilack from the UK (bass) and Diogenes Baptisttella from Brazil (lead guitar, vocals). Other UK based musicians include; Lee Spreadbury (Keys, Vocals), Sebastien Heintz (Lead Gtr) and Carly Bryant (Keys). It has been said that the band Rock royalty, Jimmy Page and Roger Daltrey, both offered their seal of approval having caught the new sound at the Brighton Music Awards when Z-STAR picked up the best live act award presented by Psychedelic rock legend Arthur Brown. In Spring 2014, Zee launched a crowd-funding campaign through PledgeMusic to raise the funds for the production of the forthcoming album 16 Tons of Love, which is expected in 2017. Z-STAR are currently touring throughout Europe, Russia and Australia, and finishing the album mix.
Live collective
Current members
Zee Gachette – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, drums, percussion
Diogenes Baptisttella – lead guitar, backing vocals
Sebastien Heintz – lead guitar, backing vocals
Lee Spreadbury – keyboards
Mark Meilack – bass, backing vocals
Daisy Palmer – drums
Nikolaj Bjerre – drums
Discography
Studio albums
2018: 16 Tons of Love (Muthastar Records)
2013: 16 Tons EP (Muthastar Records)
2010: Masochists & Martyrs (Muthastar Records)
2004: Who Loves Lives (EMI)
2000: Voodoo Dragon Risin' (VDR Records)
References
External links
Official Website
Facebook – Fan Page
Living people
Musical groups from London
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Large-scale evacuations of foreign citizens and some vulnerable Afghan citizens took place amid the withdrawal of US and NATO forces at the end of the 2001–2021 war in Afghanistan. The Taliban took control of Kabul and declared victory on 15 August 2021, and the NATO-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan collapsed. With the Taliban controlling the whole city except Hamid Karzai International Airport, hostilities ceased and the Taliban assisted in the evacuation effort by providing security and screening evacuees.
Although some countries had previously begun small-scale evacuation efforts in the months leading up to August 2021, such as the American Operation Allies Refuge and the British Operation Pitting, the collapse of the Afghan government occurred sooner than intelligence projections had estimated, and evacuation efforts became more urgent. Several countries launched new evacuation operations, such Canada's Operation AEGIS, India's Operation Devi Shakti, and South Korea's Operation Miracle.
The evacuation operations were one of the largest airlifts in history. Between 14 and 25 August, the US alone evacuated about 82,300 people from Hamid Karzai International Airport, including US citizens, Special Immigrant Visa applicants, and other vulnerable Afghans. In total, over 122,000 people were airlifted abroad. The evacuation was completed on August 30, one day before a deadline agreed upon with the Taliban.
Background
Following the Afghan peace process, the Trump administration and Taliban signed the Doha Agreement in February 2020. Accordingly, the US agreed to withdraw all US forces from Afghanistan by 1 May 2021. The Taliban failed to honor most of its pledges in the agreement. Nonetheless, the Biden administration decided to continue with the planned withdrawal, although it pushed back the completion date first to 11 September 2021 and then to 31 August 2021.
As the US withdrawal proceeded, the Taliban and allied militant groups began a widespread offensive on 1 May 2021. In the ensuing months, the Taliban seized control of Afghanistan through a combination of negotiating wholesale surrenders of Afghan National Army units and their military offensive, capturing provincial capitals, and expanding their control from 77 districts on 13 April to 104 districts on 16 June to 223 districts on 3 August. In July 2021, the US Intelligence Community estimated that the government of Afghanistan could collapse between six and 12 months after the departure of American troops. Intelligence agencies later reduced the estimation to one month.
However, the government collapsed within days, much more rapidly than many anticipated. The Afghan National Army, poorly led and impaired by widespread corruption, was left in chaos, having only two units remained operational by mid-August: the 201st Corps and 111th Division, both based in Kabul. Intelligence projections quickly worsened. By 14 August, the Taliban had encircled Kabul. On 15 August, Kabul fell and the Taliban declared victory in the War in Afghanistan.
As the Taliban seized control, the urgency to evacuate populations vulnerable to the Taliban, including those interpreters and assistants who had worked with the Operation Enduring Freedom; the International Security Assistance Force, Operation Freedom's Sentinel and the Resolute Support Mission; Hazara people; and vulnerable women and minorities, given the treatment of women by the Taliban, gained importance.
Timeline
13–14 August
After the Taliban seized all border crossings, Kabul Airport remained the only secure route out of Afghanistan. After the fall of Herat on 13 August, the US deployed an additional 3,000 troops and the UK deployed 600 troops to Kabul Airport to secure the airlifts of their nationals, embassy staff, and Afghan citizens who worked with coalition forces. US officials said at the time that all of their forces were still expected to leave Afghanistan by 31 August. On 13 August, a memorandum was sent to all staff of the US embassy to reduce "items with embassy or agency logos, American flags or items which could be misused in propaganda efforts". Diplomats were reported to be rapidly destroying classified documents and other sensitive materials. Among the documents destroyed were the passports of Afghan civilians who had applied for visas.
15–16 August
As the Taliban surrounded and began entering Kabul, US Army CH-47 Chinook, UH-60 Black Hawk and State Department Air Wing CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters began landing at the US embassy to carry out evacuations. A convoy of armored sport utility vehicles (SUVs) was seen departing the embassy grounds, and an attack helicopter was reportedly seen deploying flares in the area to defend against potential shoot-downs. Along with the embassy personnel, 5,000 US troops and some NATO troops remained in the city. The US government later authorized the deployment of 1,000 more troops from the 82nd Airborne Division to the airport, bolstering troop presence in Kabul to 6,000 to facilitate the evacuations.
Panic spread among the civilian population as the Taliban seized the capital, with many citizens rushing to their homes or to the airport, which remained under NATO control after the Afghan government dissolved. A chaotic situation developed as thousands of fleeing Afghan civilians rushed to Kabul Airport, with hundreds crowding the apron in an attempt to catch flights out of the city; some had climbed over boundary walls to enter the airport. US soldiers hovered helicopters low overhead as crowd control, deployed smoke grenades, and occasionally fired warning shots into the air to disperse people attempting to forcefully board aircraft. Video footage emerged showing hundreds of people running alongside a moving US Air Force C-17A transport plane taxiing toward the runway; some people could be seen clinging onto the aircraft, just below the wing. Others were running alongside "waving and shouting". At least two people, in an apparent attempt to stowaway, were reportedly shown to "fall from the undercarriage immediately after takeoff". Another body was later found in the landing gear of the C-17. One of the victims was identified as Zaki Anwari, who had played for Afghanistan's national youth football team. Three bodies, including that of a woman, were also found on the ground outside near the passenger terminal building, but their cause of death was unclear, though some observers speculated they may have died during a stampede. Seven people were eventually confirmed to have died during this stage—including two armed men shot after firing at US soldiers, according to the US Department of Defense (DOD). The soldiers were not injured, and the gunmen were not identified.
At least 22 Afghan Air Force planes and 24 helicopters carrying 585 Afghan military personnel and their relatives had fled to Uzbekistan. One Afghan Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano crashed after crossing the border, with Uzbek authorities issuing conflicting reports on the cause. Two Afghan military planes carrying over 100 soldiers also landed in the Tajikistan city of Bokhtar.
About 8:30 p.m. local time, reports emerged that the US embassy was taking fire. The embassy issued a declaration instructing US citizens in the area to shelter in place. Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced that the embassy would be relocated to the airport as the DOD had taken over security and air traffic control there. Various other nations had announced plans to evacuate their embassies, including Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Denmark. The German government announced that it was sending A400M Atlas aircraft with a contingent of paratroopers for evacuations, adding it would not seek the required parliamentary approval for the operation until after the mission was complete. The Italian government was reported to have transferred its embassy staff as well as the families of 30 Afghan employees to Kabul airport under Carabinieri guard to prepare for evacuation. India was reported to have had C-17 transport planes prepared to evacuate Indian diplomatic staff, but had anticipated that it would take longer for the Taliban to capture Kabul. One group of Indian diplomats were escorted to the airport by the Taliban after negotiating the escort after having had their passage out of the Indian embassy blocked several times by the group. Albania said it had accepted a US request to serve as a transit hub for evacuees.
The Philippine government ordered the mandatory evacuation of Filipino nationals in Afghanistan through the auspices of the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Philippines Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan (which is accredited to Afghanistan). Of the 173 Filipino nationals there, 78 agreed to accept the government's repatriation efforts while some accepted help from their companies. The Philippine government also agreed to accept refugees from Afghanistan.
A flight by Emirates Airlines to Kabul was diverted and later returned to Dubai, and United Arab Emirates airline Flydubai announced that it would suspend flights to Kabul on 16 August. By 16 August, most other airlines had also announced suspension of flights to Kabul. The Afghanistan Civil Aviation Authority announced that it had released Kabul airspace to the military and warned that "any transit through Kabul airspace will be uncontrolled".
The US Department of Defense confirmed on 16 August that General Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr., commander of United States Central Command, had met with Taliban leaders in Qatar to secure an agreement. The Taliban reportedly agreed to allow American evacuation flights at Kabul Airport to proceed without hindrance. International airlifts of evacuees had resumed by 17 August following a temporary halt to clear the runway of civilians as the US military confirmed the airport was open for all military flights and limited commercial flights. Pentagon officials added that evacuation efforts were expected to be expedited and were scheduled to continue until 31 August.
Al Jazeera, relaying tracking of flight data posts on Twitter, said that between 15 and 16 August, at least 170 military flights flew from countries including the United States (128); the United Kingdom (12); France (6); Canada (5); Germany (4); Italy (3); Australia (3); India (2); Austria (1); Belgium (1); Denmark (1); Netherlands (1); Sweden (1); Spain (1); and Turkey (1).
A photograph of over 800 refugees packed into an American C-17 taking off from Kabul was widely shared on social media. French newspaper Le Monde stated that the photo had become "a symbol of the escape from the Taliban". Another video went viral on 17 August, where a man attempting to escape the country recorded himself and others clinging onto a C-17 military aircraft. A photograph of a US soldier clutching the furled US embassy flag during the evacuations emerged and was circulated by media outlets.
17–21 August
On 17 August, the United States Department of State and National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan challenged reports of Afghans and Americans being unable to reach the airport. Sullivan told reporters that the Taliban were prepared to "provide the safe passage of civilians to the airport, and we intend to hold them to that commitment" while affirming that the withdrawal deadline remained 31 August. Sullivan acknowledged reports of the Taliban physically preventing people from evacuating, but said "By and large, what we have found is that people have been able to get to the airport."
On 18 August, it was reported that an Afghan interpreter who had worked for the Australian military had been shot in the leg by the Taliban as he crossed a checkpoint leading to the airport. That same day, it was further reported that the first Australian evacuation flight had departed the airport with only 26 people on board, despite having capacity for over 120. The first German evacuation flight the day prior had also transported a low number of evacuees, taking off with only 7 on board. The Malaysian High Commission in India (which is accredited to Afghanistan) confirmed it had helped a Malaysian citizen return home earlier in the month. It also confirmed that two other Malaysian nationals working for an international relief organisation had opted to remain in Kabul. The High Commission urged remaining Malaysian citizens to register with them for repatriation.
On 19 August, UK Defence Secretary Ben Wallace stated that the evacuation flights could not take unaccompanied children after a number of videos posted to social media showed desperate families attempting to convince NATO soldiers to take their children to safety. The Guardian reported that the British government had informed the 125 Afghan guards who had been guarding the British embassy in Kabul that they would not be offered asylum in the UK because they were hired by the private security firm GardaWorld. In contrast, GardaWorld guards of the US embassy had already been evacuated. That evening, the Finnish government announced it was preparing to send troops to the airport to assist in the evacuations, with around 60 Finnish citizens still stuck in Kabul. French newspaper Libération obtained a confidential United Nations report that found the Taliban had priority lists of individuals to arrest and were also targeting the families of people who had worked with the Afghan government and NATO.
By 20 August, it was reported that French special forces had rescued 400 civilians from Kabul, including French nationals and Afghan citizens that had aided French forces during the war. British special forces were also reportedly active during the evacuation. On 20 August, it was reported that the National Directorate of Security's 01 Unit was working alongside NATO forces in the airlift as its members refused to surrender to the Taliban. They were scheduled to be airlifted once American troops withdraw.
On 21 August, Reuters reported that the World Bank's Kabul-based staff and their immediate families were safely evacuated among 350 people aboard a special Pakistan International Airlines flight to Islamabad. The Indian Express reported that the Taliban had blocked 72 Afghan Sikhs and Hindus from boarding an Indian Air Force evacuation flight. Kim Sengupta of The Independent reported that at least four women were crushed to death in a rush on a narrow road leading to the airport. By the afternoon, the US government was advising American citizens not to travel to the airport because of potential risks. On the same day, Indonesia evacuated 26 of its nationals, along with five Filipinos and two Afghan nationals using the Indonesian Air Force Boeing 737-400 with a number of soldiers of the Koopssus TNI.
22 August
On 22 August, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation revealed that the Australian government had denied visas to over 100 Afghans who had worked as security guards for the Australian embassy. That evening, Lloyd Austin, United States Secretary of Defense, ordered the activation of the American Civil Reserve Air Fleet to aid in the evacuations, only the third time in history that the fleet had been activated. By the end of the day, at least 28,000 people had been officially evacuated from Kabul and 13 countries had agreed to temporarily host Afghan refugees awaiting clearance for resettlement in the US, but tens of thousands more foreign nationals and at-risk Afghans remained stuck in Kabul. Also on 22 August, the Dutch defence ministry announced that it was deploying more troops to Afghanistan to assist the 62 Dutch special forces personnel at Kabul Airport, where they were operating two C-130 military planes for evacuations. According to Defence Minister Sigrid Kaag, over 700 Dutch citizens in Afghanistan were still waiting to be evacuated, adding that at-risk Afghans that managed to be evacuated could be eligible for asylum. The Dutch embassy's 207 staffers and their families had evacuated to the Netherlands days prior.
According to Der Spiegel, on the night of 22 August, nine German KSK special forces operators code named "Blue Light" rescued a Munich family of three from a rendezvous point at a gate outside of Kabul Airport. The family had previously contacted Germany's Federal Foreign Office after several failed attempts to enter the north gate at the airport, but the office initially rejected the mother's evacuation due to her not being German citizen, before reversing the position.
Over a few days in August, the Royal Australian Air Force completed five evacuation flights, with the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) completing another before 23 August.
23 August
On 23 August, the British government stated that it would not continue evacuations after American forces withdrew from the airport; however, the government would be asking the Americans not to withdraw at the end of the month in an emergency G7 meeting. The Taliban indicated that they would be unwilling to extend the 31 August deadline for American withdrawal. Around 7 a.m. local time, one Afghan guard was killed and three wounded in a firefight between Afghan, American, and German troops and unidentified attackers. Ireland approved the deployment of a small special forces team from the Army Ranger Wing and Irish diplomats to Kabul Airport in order to evacuate Irish citizens. The Canadian government officially confirmed that Canadian special forces had launched operations outside of the airport to help evacuate people. US president Biden said that thus far the Taliban had kept their promises and had not taken any action against US forces controlling Kabul Airport. Meanwhile, CIA Director William Burns held a secret meeting in Kabul with Taliban leader Abdul Ghani Baradar, who had returned to Afghanistan from exile in Qatar to discuss the 31 August withdrawal deadline.
Also on 23 August, Gulf News reported that since 14 August, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) evacuated 1,400 people from Kabul which included diplomats, foreign media and Afghan journalists and staff of international organizations. European Union (EU) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) also requested Pakistani authorities to help evacuate their employees and their families in Afghanistan. EU officials sought urgent evacuation of at least 420 people while ADB requested evacuation of 290 people. By this time PIA was the only commercial airline that was still operating flights to and from Kabul.
24 August
The US Department of Defense reported that 21,600 people had been evacuated from Kabul Airport in the preceding 24 hours, reflecting a significant increase in the speed of evacuations ahead of the 31 August withdrawal deadline. The total number of persons evacuated from Afghanistan via the airport in the preceding ten days was 70,700. Several hundred US military personnel in support roles who were deemed nonessential had withdrawn in the preceding days, while 5,800 US Army soldiers and US Marines remained to guard the airport. Among the US forces protecting the airport was the 82nd Airborne Division headquarters element; 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division; 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines; 1st Battalion, 8th Marines; 4th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division; 2nd Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division; HHB, 1st Battalion, 101st Field Artillery Regiment, Massachusetts Army National Guard and 1st Combined Arms Battalion, 194th Armor Regiment, Minnesota Army National Guard.
By 24 August, six Fijian United Nations workers had been evacuated with the assistance of Australian forces. South Korea airlifted 380 Afghans who had "worked at the Korean Embassy or hospitals and job training centers run by Korean engineering and reconstruction forces."
On 24 August, Yevhen Yenin, the Ukrainian deputy minister for foreign affairs, claimed that an evacuation flight had been hijacked and flown to Iran; however, both the Iranian and Ukrainian governments denied that such an event had occurred. That day, two American congressmen, Seth Moulton and Peter Meijer, attracted criticism after flying into Kabul on a military charter plane and staying in the airport for a few hours on an alleged fact-finding mission before flying back out on another charter plane.
25 August
On 25 August, a Japan Air Self-Defence Force C-2 transport plane arrived at Kabul International Airport and brought in Self-Defense Force personnel and supplies, but returned to their base of operations in Islamabad on the same day because the Japanese nationals to be transported had not arrived at the airport.
26 August
On 26 August, it was reported that US officials in Kabul gave the Taliban a list of names of American citizens, green card holders, and Afghan allies to grant entry into the airport for evacuation. President Biden stated that the "bulk of the group" had been allowed into the airport by the Taliban, but he could not say with "certitude" whether there was a list of names passed to the Taliban. Meanwhile, Canada announced that it was ending its Afghanistan evacuation mission, leaving unknown numbers of Canadian and Afghan allies stranded. Australia, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Poland also announced the end of their evacuations on this day.
Also on 26 August, the first convoy of 225 Turkish soldiers and 120 Azerbaijani soldiers returned to Turkey. And it was announced that 1,129 civilian were evacuated in total. A further 12,500 people were evacuated from Afghanistan in general.
Suicide attack
On 26 August, an explosion occurred outside the Abbey Gate of Hamid Karzai International Airport. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (ISIL-K) claimed responsibility for the attack. ISIL-K is a sworn enemy of both the United States and the Taliban. The attack was perpetrated by a suicide bomber, who detonated a 25-pound explosive vest hidden under clothing, close to a group of US military personnel who were performing security screenings of Afghans hoping to enter the airport.
According to local health officials, at least 170 people were killed, and another 150 others were wounded in the attack. The bombing was carried out at the airport gate. The majority of those killed were Afghan civilians, but 13 US military personnel (11 Marines, one Army soldier, and one Navy corpsman) and 2 British nationals were also among the dead. A Taliban official said that 28 Taliban members were killed in the attack, but a Taliban spokesman later denied that any of their fighters had been killed. The wounded included many Afghans and 18 American troops. The wounded Americans were medically evacuated to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center near Ramstein Air Base, Germany.
The bombing disrupted evacuation efforts, although flights resumed soon afterward. General Frank McKenzie, the head of US Central Command, indicated that US officials were on alert for possible future ISIL-K attacks against the airport, possibly through rockets or car bombs; McKenzie said intelligence was being shared with the Taliban and "some attacks have been thwarted by" the Taliban.
After the airport attack, the US carried out a drone strike on an ISIL-K planner in Jalalabad, eastern Nangarhar province. The US Department of Defense reported that the airstrike killed the target and caused no civilian casualties.
27 August
On 27 August, Australia, France, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland announced the end of their evacuation flights. The last Italian Air Force flight completed the evacuation of 5,011 people, 4,890 of whom were Afghan citizens.
On 27 August, 120 Azerbaijani soldiers landed in Baku from Turkey. The second convoy of Turkish soldiers landed in Ankara, and Turkey announced that all Turkish military evacuations had been completed.
In the evening, JASDF C-130 transport planes carrying one Japanese national, 14 Afghan nationals at the behest of the United States and all Self-Defense Forces personnel took off from Kabul International Airport, arriving at Islamabad on the same night. All Japanese nationals who wished to evacuate had been evacuated, but many local Embassy employees who wished to evacuate were left behind. The Japanese evacuation was completed.
28 August
On 28 August, the United Kingdom concluded its evacuation of British civilians. At the peak of UK evacuation efforts, more than 1,000 British troops were in Kabul; by 28 August, some had already left. The British government later confirmed that all British soldiers, diplomats and other officials had left Afghanistan by the following day.
The same day, it was reported that the Taliban and Turkey had reached a draft agreement allowing Turkey to operate Kabul Airport after the departure of US forces, for a transitional period. Turkish officials had stated that the country would not help operate the airport unless it can deploy its own security forces to guard it.
29 August
On 29 August, the Associated Press reported that the Taliban had sealed off the airport as the US and its allies began concluding the airlift. The Taliban, meanwhile, insisted on taking over the security of Hamid Karzai International Airport themselves instead of Turkey, with spokesperson Zabiullah Mujahid stating that their own special forces would guarantee its safety. However, 98 countries, including the United States, released a joint statement saying that they had received assurances from the Taliban that foreign nationals and Afghans would be allowed to leave the country.
The United States military conducted a drone strike against a vehicle it stated was believed to be carrying at least one ISIL-KP suicide bomber in Kabul, who was trying to reach Kabul airport to attack it. The attack set off the explosives inside the vehicle, killing three children in a nearby building, according to Afghan officials. It was subsequently reported that the target was not a militant, but civilians. A relative of the deceased told CNN that nine people belonging to the same family, including six children, were killed due to the airstrike. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid criticised the United States for conducting the strike instead of informing the group about the attackers beforehand, and said that seven civilians had been killed due to the strike.
Relatives later stated that 10 people who lived in the building next to the target vehicle were killed, including seven children. Some of those killed had previously worked for international organisations and held visas allowing them US entry. US officials said that there had been a number of "substantial and powerful subsequent explosions" following the drone strike indicating that the vehicle had been carrying explosives and they were investigating reports of civilian casualties. Relatives however denied any subsequent explosions had occurred and claimed the driver of the car was not affiliated with the group.
30 August
A United States official told Reuters that anti-missile defences had intercepted five rockets aimed at the Hamid Karzai International Airport. Pajhwok Afghan News reported that several rockets had struck Kabul. ISIL-K claimed responsibility for the attack.
That morning, the UN Security Council adopted a motion calling on the Taliban to let people freely leave Afghanistan. However, the motion did not include a proposal French President Emmanuel Macron had earlier floated about creating a UN safe zone in Kabul.
Later that evening, General Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr. announced that the United States had completed their evacuation from Afghanistan. Before departing, the American forces used thermite bombs to disable several remaining counter rocket, artillery, and mortar systems they had used to protect the airfield from incoming rockets fired by ISIS-K. In addition, the aircraft and vehicles at the airport were also disabled. The last two Americans to board an evacuation flight were acting Ambassador Ross Wilson, the top US diplomat in Afghanistan, and the final soldier to leave Afghanistan, Major General Chris Donahue, commanding general of the 82nd Airborne Division. The final flight, a US Air Force C-17, departed at 11:59 p.m. (Kabul time) on 30 August. The US phase of the Afghanistan conflict (1978–present), the 2001–2021 chapter that had begun with the 2001 invasion, had concluded.
Aftermath
In the early hours of 31 August (Kabul time), not long after the final American flight had left, the Taliban marched into the airport, firing their guns into the air in celebration and posing for pictures with abandoned NATO equipment. Taliban leaders, flanked by the Badri 313 Battalion, then entered the airport to hold a press conference declaring that "Afghanistan is finally free" and that they would shortly be announcing a new government.
Post–withdrawal evacuations
Efforts to evacuate foreign nationals and at-risk Afghans continued after military forces concluded their withdrawals.
On 6 September 2021, the United States evacuated four American citizens (specifically, an Amarillo, Texas woman and her three children) from Afghanistan via an overland route, marking the first overland evacuation facilitated by the US Department of State since the military withdrawal. The Taliban was aware of the evacuation and did not make any effort to stop it.
On 9 September 2021, the first flight of foreigners out of Kabul since the US military withdrawal took place. A Qatar Airways charter flight left the Kabul airport en route to Doha, Qatar, carrying some 200 passengers, including Americans. A second such flight was scheduled for the following day.
On 11 October 2021, Aman Khalili, an Afghan interpreter who in 2008 had rescued then-Senators Joe Biden, Chuck Hagel, and John Kerry, was rescued along with his family. At the time Khalili's family was rescued by the Human First Coalition and the U.S. State Department, they were in Pakistan, having already left Afghanistan.
The UK Government's Afghan Citizens Resettlement Scheme to help Afghans fleeing the Taliban settle in the UK, which was announced in August 2021, opened in January 2022.
By October 26, 2021, the U.S. government reported 363 known American citizens remained in Afghanistan with only 176 wanting to leave. 240 had been evacuated through US government involvement, and 74 on private flights, with similar numbers for U.S. permanent residents.
Evacuation destinations
The largest base handling the initial outflow of Afghan evacuees was Al Udeid Air Base outside Doha, Qatar, where evacuees were vetted against the National Counterterrorism Center's terrorist watch list.
The Ramstein Air Base, in Germany, the largest US Air Force base in Europe, was also a hub for processing Afghan evacuees who had assisted the US and its allies during the Afghan war. About a fifth of all evacuees from Kabul passed through Ramstein. The base has capacity for up to 12,000 evacuees. Evacuees went through medical screenings and were biometrically scanned. At least 30,000 hot meals were served daily; evacuees were housed in aircraft hangars and military tents. By 22 August, about 7,000 people had landed at Ramstein, and about 6,500 remained at the base. Around 700 departed on four flights to the US on 23–24 August, and by 25 August that number increased to around 800. As of 31 August, a total of 11,700 people had been flown from Ramstein to the United States or another safe location.
The USA established temporary housing at military bases in Virginia, Texas, Wisconsin and New Jersey for Afghan refugees. Temporary refugee accommodation was set up at Fort Lee (Virginia), Fort Bliss (Texas), Fort Dix (New Jersey), and Fort McCoy (Wisconsin), with a total capacity for 25,000 people. Fort Lee was the first to receive Operation Allied Refuge evacuees, with 221 arriving at the fort on 30 July. Fort Pickett (Virginia) was also a site for temporary Afghan refugee accommodation.
On 13 August 2021, the Canadian Government announced it would resettle an additional 20,000 vulnerable Afghans such as women leaders, human rights workers and journalists. This was in addition to an earlier initiative to resettle thousands of Afghans who had worked for the Canadian Government, such as interpreters and embassy employees, as well as their families. By March 2022, Canada resettled 8,580 Afghan refugees.
On 17 August 2021, the United Kingdom Government announced a new resettlement programme that aims to resettle 20,000 Afghan refugees over a five-year period in the UK.
On 23 August, the first flight of Afghan evacuees had arrived in New Zealand on a RNZAF Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft. By 26 August, the New Zealand Defence Force had evacuated 370 people from Afghanistan, which included an unspecified number of New Zealand, Australian, and Afghan passport holders. By 28 August, the evacuees were transferred to the United Arab Emirates while awaiting travel to New Zealand.
On 11 October, the United Kingdom offered resettlement visas to the Afghan Women's Development Team of football players. The 35 players had fled to Pakistan following the Taliban takeover.
Pakistan's role in evacuations
As of 27 August, Pakistan has helped to evacuate more than 7,000 foreigners from Afghanistan through air and land routes since the fall of Kabul. By 27 August, more than 113 military and commercial flights have landed in Pakistan. Dawn reported that around 400 special flights carrying Afghan nationals and foreigners from Kabul have departed from and arrived in Islamabad. On 27 August 2021, Pakistan's Interior Minister Sheikh Rasheed announced that the Pakistan government has decided to offer 21 days transit visas to the evacuees.
Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte thanked Pakistan for its support and facilitation in evacuation of stranded people from Afghanistan. Germany's Ambassador to Pakistan Bernhard Schlagheck thanked Pakistani authorities for the cooperation at Islamabad International Airport.
International Monetary Fund's Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva and Asian Development Bank's President Masatsugu Asakawa praised Pakistan's efforts in evacuating the respective financial institution's personnel and their families from Afghanistan. European Council President Charles Michel in a telephonic conversation with Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan also thanked him for evacuating European nationals working for different international organisations in Afghanistan. David Beasley, Executive Director of the UN's World Food Programme (WFP), lauded Pakistan's support for repairing WFP's damaged planes returning from Kabul and establishing a "humanitarian airbridge".
Reactions
Former UK Chief of the General Staff Richard Dannatt stated that the British government had been aware of the need to evacuate vulnerable Afghans for several years and that "it would appear that the government was asleep on watch." The UK Foreign Office group charged with organising the evacuations was revealed to have left over 5000 email messages unread throughout the last week of the evacuations, including many that contained important information of cases of vulnerable Afghans.
The evacuation of Pen Farthing and his Nowzad Dogs charity came under particular scrutiny in the UK. Visas for 68 people, including the staff of the charity and their immediate family members, had originally been granted on 23 August, but Farthing chose not to leave immediately. Permission for the charity's animals (173 dogs and cats) to be airlifted was granted two days later, but they were blocked from entering the airport on 26 August, and then on 27 August, the Afghan staff of the charity were blocked from boarding the evacuation flight. Farthing left Afghanistan along with the animals, but not his staff, on 28 August. Some journalists criticized this prioritizing animals over people as racist, and damaging to Westerners' reputation among local people.
On 28 August, a group of Afghans who had worked as security guards at the Finnish embassy in Kabul organised a protest over being left behind in Afghanistan.
Airbnb announced it would provide free temporary housing for 20,000 Afghan refugees in their destination communities.
See also
Kabul Airlift (1928–1929) – A large scale evacuation of British and a number European diplomatic staff in Kabul by the Royal Air Force
Welcome.US – Organization that coordinates support to Afghan refugees in the United States
References
Further reading
- 727 that evacuated Afghan special forces
Enno Lenze, Kabul - save yourself who may and "Pineapple Express", Berlin Story News, 3 September 2021
Army paratroopers traded dip for a Toyota gun truck used to secure the Kabul airport, Task & Purpose, 7 October 2021
Afghan pilots, engineers marooned in Tajikistan
Evaculation
Evaculation
Airlifts
August 2021 events in Afghanistan
History of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) involving the United States
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Evacuations |
Nocloa plagiata is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Nocloa plagiata is 9793.
References
Further reading
Amphipyrinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Moths described in 1906 |
Golijan (, also Romanized as Golījān) is a village in Dorudzan Rural District, Dorudzan District, Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 668, in 145 families.
References
Populated places in Marvdasht County |
Abigail Lindo (3 August 1803 – 28 August 1848) was a British lexicographer. She was the first British Jew who compiled a Hebrew-English dictionary. She is considered to be the only woman to have made a significant contribution to philology in the nineteenth century.
Life
Lindo was born in London in 1803. She was one of the eighteen children of Sarah (born Mocatta) and David Abarbanel Lindo. Her parents were Sephardi Jews and members of leading families. She was related to Benjamin Disraeli and one of her cousins was Sir Moses Montefiore. It was her father who performed Disraeli's circumcision. It was her mother's brother, Moses Mocatta who saw to her education. Under his guidance, she became a respected scholar of the Bible with a wide knowledge of Hebrew.
She came to prominence after she created an English-Hebrew vocabulary for her own use. Encouraged by her uncle, she published her work in 1837, and recommended it to be used in the different Jewish Schools in Britain. She was the first British Jew to compile and publish a Hebrew-English dictionary, and the first woman in Great Britain to publish a book under her own name. The list was later extended.
Her 1837 vocabulary was extended in 1842 and by 1846 she had created a complete "A Hebrew-English and English-Hebrew Dictionary". Leading lexicographers used her book as well as students of Hebrew. Her work is now regarded as amateur as she had no knowledge of related languages such as Arabic or Aramaic, but she is considered the only woman to have made a significant contribution to philology in the nineteenth century. All of her books identify the author as the third daughter of her father and it is his picture which is included in her books.
Lindo died in London in 1848.
References
1803 births
1848 deaths
Academics from London
Women lexicographers
British lexicographers
19th-century lexicographers
19th-century women writers
English people of Spanish-Jewish descent
English Sephardi Jews
British Jewish writers |
```php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
/**
* Passbolt ~ Open source password manager for teams
*
* For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
* Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
*
* @link path_to_url Passbolt(tm)
* @since 4.7.0
*/
namespace App\Service\Healthcheck\Application;
use App\Model\Validation\EmailValidationRule;
use App\Service\Healthcheck\HealthcheckCliInterface;
use App\Service\Healthcheck\HealthcheckServiceCollector;
use App\Service\Healthcheck\HealthcheckServiceInterface;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
class JsProdApplicationHealthcheck implements HealthcheckServiceInterface, HealthcheckCliInterface
{
/**
* Status of this health check if it is passed or failed.
*
* @var bool
*/
private bool $status = false;
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function check(): HealthcheckServiceInterface
{
$this->status = (Configure::read('passbolt.js.build') === 'production');
return $this;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function domain(): string
{
return HealthcheckServiceCollector::DOMAIN_APPLICATION;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function isPassed(): bool
{
return $this->status;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function level(): string
{
return HealthcheckServiceCollector::LEVEL_WARNING;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function getSuccessMessage(): string
{
return __('Serving the compiled version of the javascript app.');
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function getFailureMessage(): string
{
return __('Using non-compiled Javascript. Passbolt will be slower.');
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function getHelpMessage()
{
return __('Set passbolt.js.build to production in {0}', CONFIG . 'passbolt.php');
}
/**
* CLI Option for this check.
*
* @return string
*/
public function cliOption(): string
{
return HealthcheckServiceCollector::DOMAIN_APPLICATION;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function getLegacyArrayKey(): string
{
return 'jsProd';
}
}
``` |
Cloud, Castle, Lake is a short story anthology by Vladimir Nabokov. It contains five stories: "The Admiralty Spire," "Razor," "A Russian Beauty," "Cloud, Castle, Lake," and "Signs and Symbols."
References
Short story collections by Vladimir Nabokov
2005 short story collections |
Octavius Evans Winslow (10 September 1850 – 13 October 1896) was an English cricketer. Winslow was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Leamington Spa, Warwickshire.
Winslow made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1869. He made four further first-class appearances in that season, the last of which came against Surrey. In his only season of first-class cricket, he scored 207 runs at an average of 20.70, with a high score of 56. This score was the only fifty he made and came against Kent.
He died at Bermondsey, London on 13 October 1896.
References
External links
Octavius Winslow at ESPNcricinfo
Octavius Winslow at CricketArchive
1850 births
1896 deaths
Sportspeople from Leamington Spa
English cricketers
Sussex cricketers
Cricketers from Warwickshire |
Rasa Bugavičute-Pēce (born 25 January 1988 in Riga, Latvia) is a Latvian playwright and author.
Life and career
Bugavičute-Pēce received her primary schooling at the Riga French Lyceum before going on to study at the Latvian Academy of Culture, graduating in 2011 with a bachelor's degree in Theatre, Film and TV Drama. In 2013 she received a magister degree in Culture Management, also from the Academy of Culture. The same year she received a second magister degree, in Writing Studies, from the University of Liepāja.
In 2011, Bugavičute-Pēce was elected chair of the Latvian Playwrights' Guild, serving until 2015. Since 2015 she has been a playwright at the Liepāja Theatre. Her works have also been performed at multiple other theatres, including the Latvian National Theatre, the Dailes Theatre, and the Dirty Deal Teatro.
Bugavičute-Pēce is the author of two novels: Mans vārds ir Klimpa, un man patīk viss (My Name is Klimpa and I Like Everything) from 2016, and Puika, kurš redzēja tumsā (The Boy Who Saw in the Dark). The latter brought her the for children's literature in July 2020. The song Lec, saulīte!, with lyrics by Bugavičute-Pēce and accompanying music by Raimonds Tiguls, was performed at the closing concert of the 2018 Latvian Song and Dance Festival.
Personal life
Bugavičute-Pēce is married to Sandis Pēcis, an actor at the Liepāja Theatre. They have two children.
References
External links
Official website
1988 births
Living people
University of Liepāja alumni
21st-century Latvian writers
21st-century Latvian women writers
21st-century novelists
Latvian women novelists
Latvian Academy of Culture alumni |
Events
April – After a few months' employment at the court of the Duke of Mantua, Ferdinando I Gonzaga, Girolamo Frescobaldi returns to Rome.
Publications
Agostino Agazzari – Sacrae cantiones for one, two, and four voices, Op. 18 (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
John Amner – Sacred hymnes of 3. 4. 5. and 6. parts for voyces and vyols (London: Edwin Allde)
Severo Bonini
for two voices, Op. 7 (Venice: Bartolomeo Magni for Gardano)
, motets for one, two, and three voices, Op. 8 (Venice: Bartolomeo Magni for Gardano)
Bernardino Borlasca – (Magnificat) for eight voices and various instruments, Op. 5 (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
Joachim a Burck – (Erfurt: Martin Wittel for Hieronymous Reinhard), texts by Ludwig Helmbold, published posthumously
Antonio Cifra
Eighth book of motets for two, three, and four voices, Op. 17 (Rome: Giovanni Battista Robletti)
Fourth book of for one, two, three, and four voices, Op. 20 (Rome: Giovanni Battista Robletti)
Third book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
Camillo Cortellini – for five, six, seven, and eight voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
Christoph Demantius
(New German Songs) for five voices, part 2 (Leipzig: Valentin am Ende's Erben for Thomas Schüler)
for five, six, eight, and ten voices or instruments (Nuremberg: Balthasar Scherff for David Kauffmann)
Thomas Elsbeth – for five voices (Liegnitz: Nikolaus Sartorius), music for Easter and Pentecost, including introits, masses, and sequences
Melchior Franck
for six voices (Nuremberg: Georg Leopol Fuhrmann), a setting of the penitential psalms
for four, five, and six voices (Nuremberg: David Kauffmann), a collection of quodlibets
for five voices (Coburg: Justus Hauck), a wedding motet
for six voices (Coburg: Justus Hauck), a wedding motet
for four voices (Coburg: Justus Hauck), a birthday motet
for four voices (Coburg: Justus Hauck), a funeral motet
Girolamo Frescobaldi – Primo libro di toccate and Libro di recercari et canzoni
Giovanni Gabrieli
, Book 2, for six to nineteen voices and instruments (Venice: Bartolomeo Magno for Gardano), published posthumously
for three to twenty-two instruments with organ bass (Venice: Bartolomeo Magno for Gardano), published posthumously
Marco da Gagliano – for one, two, and three voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
Andreas Hakenberger – for eight voices and instruments (Stettin: Johann Duber)
Hans Leo Hassler – for four, five, and six voices (Nuremberg: Paul Kauffmann), a collection of instrumental music, published posthumously. Most of the pieces are by Valentin Haussmann.
Sigismondo d'India
Third book of madrigals for five voices with basso continuo (Venice: Bartolomeo Magni for Gardano)
(Music for Two Voices) (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
Giovanni Girolamo Kapsberger
First book of for four with basso continuo (Rome: Giovanni Battista Robletti)
First book of for four voices (Rome: Giovanni Battista Robletti)
Elias Mertel – (New Musical Garden) (Strasbourg: Anton Bertram), a collection of lute music
Pietro Pace
The fifth book of motets..., Op. 10 (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
, Op. 12 (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
Francesco Pasquali – Madrigals for five voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
Enrico Antonio Radesca – First book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
Classical music
Sethus Calvisius – (Swan song) a setting of Psalm 90 verse 10, performed for the first time at his funeral, November 27
Alessandro Grandi – , a motet for four voices
Opera
Francesca Caccini – Il ballo delle zigane (lost)
Claudio Monteverdi – Second edition of L'Orfeo
Births
September 16 – Heinrich Bach, German organist (died 1692)
date unknown
Giovanni Faustini, librettist and opera impresario (died 1651)
Christopher Gibbons, organist and composer (died 1676)
probable – Francesca Campana, singer, spinet player and composer (died 1665)
Deaths
June 15 – Innocentio Alberti, Italian cornet player and composer (born c. 1535)
August 7 – Melchior Vulpius, German composer, primarily of sacred music (born c.1570)
November 24 – Sethus Calvisius, music theorist, composer and astronomer (born 1556)
References
Music
17th century in music
Music by year |
```python
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
"""tvm.contrib.msc.core.tools.distill.distiller"""
import os
from typing import List, Any, Dict, Tuple
import tvm
from tvm.contrib.msc.core.ir import MSCGraph
from tvm.contrib.msc.core.tools.tool import ToolType, BaseTool, ToolStrategy
from tvm.contrib.msc.core import utils as msc_utils
class BaseDistiller(BaseTool):
"""Base distiller for all"""
def setup(self) -> dict:
"""Setup the tool
Returns
-------
info: dict
The setup info.
"""
self._max_iter = self._options.get("max_iter", 1)
self._save_step = self._options.get("save_step", 50)
if "weights_folder" in self._options:
self._weights_folder = msc_utils.msc_dir(self._options["weights_folder"])
else:
self._weights_folder = msc_utils.get_weights_dir().create_dir("Distill")
self._weights_path = self._weights_folder.relpath("distill_{}.bin".format(self._max_iter))
self._distilled = os.path.isfile(self._weights_path)
return super().setup()
def _reset(
self, graphs: List[MSCGraph], weights: Dict[str, tvm.nd.array]
) -> Tuple[List[MSCGraph], Dict[str, tvm.nd.array]]:
"""Reset the tool
Parameters
----------
graphs: list<MSCgraph>
The msc graphs.
weights: dict<str, tvm.nd.array>
The weights.
Returns
-------
graphs: list<MSCgraph>
The msc graphs.
weights: dict<str, tvm.nd.array>
The weights.
"""
self._current_iter, self._total_loss = 0, 0
if self._distilled:
with open(self._weights_path, "rb") as f:
distilled_weights = tvm.runtime.load_param_dict(f.read())
weights.update({k: v for k, v in distilled_weights.items() if k in weights})
msg = "Update {} distilled weights".format(len(distilled_weights))
self._logger.info(self.tool_mark(msg))
return super()._reset(graphs, weights)
def build_model(self, teacher: Any, student: Any) -> Any:
"""Build the model with teacher and student
Parameters
----------
teacher: Any
The teacher model
student: Any
The student model
Returns
-------
model: Any
The built model.
"""
raise NotImplementedError("build_model is not implemented in BaseDistiller")
def learn(self, loss: Any):
"""Learn after forward
Parameters
----------
loss: Any
The loss after forward
"""
if self.on_debug(3, in_forward=False):
msg = "Start learn[{}]".format(self._current_iter)
self._logger.debug(self.tool_mark(msg))
self._total_loss += float(self._learn(loss))
def _learn(self, loss: Any):
"""Learn after forward
Parameters
----------
loss: Any
The loss after forward
"""
raise NotImplementedError("_learn is not implemented in BaseDistiller")
def distill(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Distill the knowledge
Returns
-------
weights: dict<str, Any>
The distilled weights.
"""
weights = self._distill()
if self._current_iter >= self._max_iter or (
self._current_iter > 0 and self._current_iter % self._save_step == 0
):
self._save_weights(weights)
if self._current_iter >= self._max_iter:
self._distilled = True
self._plan = {n: msc_utils.inspect_array(d, False) for n, d in weights.items()}
msg = "Distill[{}] loss({} batch) {}".format(
self._current_iter, self._forward_cnt, self._total_loss
)
self._logger.info(self.tool_mark(msg))
self._current_iter += 1
self._total_loss, self._forward_cnt = 0, 0
return weights
def _distill(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Distill the knowledge
Returns
-------
weights: dict<str, Any>
The distilled weights.
"""
raise NotImplementedError("_distill is not implemented in BaseDistiller")
def _save_weights(self, weights: Dict[str, Any]):
"""Save the distilled weights
Parameters
----------
weights: dict<str, Any>
The distilled weights.
"""
weights = {n: tvm.nd.array(msc_utils.cast_array(d)) for n, d in weights.items()}
weights_path = self._weights_folder.relpath("distill_{}.bin".format(self._current_iter))
with open(weights_path, "wb") as f_params:
f_params.write(tvm.runtime.save_param_dict(weights))
if self._debug_level >= 2:
msg = "Save weights[{}] to {}".format(self._current_iter, weights_path)
self._logger.debug(self.tool_mark(msg))
def _support_scope(self, scope: str) -> bool:
"""Check if the scope si supported
Parameters
-------
scope: str
The scope mark, should be null or ToolScope
Returns
-------
vaild: bool
Whether to process the tensor.
"""
return True
def _process_tensor(
self, tensor: Any, name: str, consumer: str, scope: str, strategys: List[ToolStrategy]
) -> Any:
"""Process tensor
Parameters
-------
tensor: Any
Tensor in framework
name: str
The name of the tensor.
consumer: str
The name of the consumer.
scope: str
The scope mark teacher| student| null.
strategys: list<ToolStrategy>
The strategys for the tensor.
Returns
-------
tensor: Any
The processed tensor.
"""
if self._distilled:
return tensor
return self._distill_tensor(tensor, name, consumer, scope, strategys)
def _distill_tensor(
self, tensor: Any, name: str, consumer: str, scope: str, strategys: List[ToolStrategy]
) -> Any:
"""Process tensor
Parameters
-------
tensor: Any
Tensor in framework
name: str
The name of the tensor.
consumer: str
The name of the consumer.
scope: str
The scope mark teacher| student| null.
strategys: list<ToolStrategy>
The strategys for the tensor.
Returns
-------
tensor: Any
The processed tensor.
"""
if name not in self._plan:
self._plan[name] = {}
plan = {}
for strategy in strategys:
plan.update(strategy(self, tensor, name, consumer, scope))
self._plan[name][scope] = plan
return tensor
@property
def distilled(self):
return self._distilled
@classmethod
def tool_type(cls):
return ToolType.DISTILLER
@classmethod
def exportable(cls):
return False
@msc_utils.register_tool
class DefaultDistiller(BaseDistiller):
@classmethod
def tool_style(cls):
return "default"
``` |
Ons Jabeur (born 28 August 1994) is a Tunisian professional tennis player. She has a career-high ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of world No. 2, achieved on 27 June 2022. Jabeur is the current Tunisian number one, and the highest-ranked African and Arab tennis player in WTA and ATP rankings history. She has won five singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as eleven singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit. Jabeur was the runner-up at Wimbledon in 2022 and 2023 and at the US Open in 2022, becoming the first African and Arab woman to contest a major singles final.
Jabeur was first exposed to tennis by her mother at three years old. She became pro in her teen years when she reached two junior major girls' singles finals at the French Open in 2010 and 2011, winning the latter and becoming the first African or Arab to win a junior major since 1964. After nearly a decade of playing primarily at the ITF level, she started competing more regularly on the WTA Tour in 2017. She won the Arab Woman of the Year award in 2019. At the 2020 Australian Open, Jabeur became the first Arab woman to reach a major quarterfinal, a feat she repeated at the 2021 Wimbledon Championships. She also became the first Arab woman to win a WTA Tour title at the 2021 Birmingham Classic. Jabeur won the 2022 Madrid Open, a WTA 1000 event, her biggest title, becoming the first female Tunisian and Arab player to win at this level. Her achievements are credited with raising the profile of tennis across the African continent.
Early life
Ons Jabeur was born to Samira and Ridha Jabeur in Ksar Hellal, a small town in Tunisia. She grew up in the larger nearby coastal town of Sousse. Jabeur has two older brothers, Hatem and Marwen, and an older sister, Yasmine. Her mother played tennis recreationally and introduced her to the sport at the age of three. Jabeur trained under coach Nabil Mlika for ten years from ages four to thirteen, originally starting to work with him at a tennis promotion centre at her school. When she was ten years old, her club did not have their own tennis courts and she could only train on courts at nearby hotels. At twelve years old, Jabeur moved to the capital city of Tunis to train at the Lycée Sportif El Menzah, a national sport high school for the country's up-and-coming athletes, where she stayed for several years.
She also later trained in Belgium and France starting at the age of 16. Jabeur credits her parents for the sacrifices they made while raising her, saying, "My parents sacrificed a lot of things – my mom used to drive me everywhere around Tunisia to go play the tournaments, and she encouraged me to go to a special school to study. That was a big sacrifice to see her little girl going for a dream that, honestly, wasn't 100% guaranteed. She believed in me and gave me the confidence to be there."
Junior career
Jabeur began playing on the ITF Junior Circuit in August 2007 on the week of her 13th birthday. With compatriot Nour Abbès, she won the doubles event of her debut tournament, the Grade 5 Al Fatah ITF Junior Tournament in Lebanon. She defeated Abbès to win her first Grade 5 singles event at the 2009 Fujairah ITF Junior Tennis Championships in the United Arab Emirates, where she also won the doubles event with Abbès. Later in the year, she started to have more success at higher-level tournaments, finishing runner-up at the Grade 2 International Junior Championships of Morocco and winning the Grade 2 Smash International Junior Championships in Egypt, both in singles. She made her junior Grand Slam debut at the 2009 US Open, losing her opening match to Laura Robson.
Jabeur started to produce strong results at the junior Grand Slam and other Grade A events in May 2010. In the doubles event at the Trofeo Bonfiglio, she partnered with Charlène Seateun to reach the semifinals. Two weeks later, she played the 2010 French Open and upset third seed Irina Khromacheva in the semifinals before finishing runner-up to Elina Svitolina. She also performed well at Wimbledon, reaching the quarterfinals in singles and the semifinal in doubles. She lost to Yulia Putintseva in singles, and Khromacheva and Svitolina in doubles alongside Monica Puig. Putintseva defeated Jabeur again at the US Open. Jabeur entered the doubles event with Putintseva and lost in the quarterfinals to Khromacheva again, who had partnered with Daria Gavrilova. Following the US Open, Jabeur had left wrist surgery in November that kept her out for five months until April 2011.
The last two singles events of Jabeur's junior career were the 2011 French Open and the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. At the French Open, she won her only junior Grand Slam title to become the first North African woman to win a junior Grand Slam tournament. As the ninth seed, she upset top seed Daria Gavrilova in the quarterfinals, third seed Caroline Garcia in the semifinals, and then fifth seed Monica Puig in the final. This title helped her rise to in the world in the junior rankings. She also became the first Arab girl to win a junior Grand Slam singles title in history, and the first junior in general since Ismail El Shafei won the Wimbledon boys' title in 1964. Jabeur also entered the doubles event at the Grade 1 Junior International Roehampton, which she won while partnering with Ashleigh Barty.
Professional career
2008–12: WTA Tour debut
Jabeur began playing on the ITF Women's Circuit in 2008 at the age of 14. In October 2009, she finished runner-up in both singles and doubles at a $10K tournament in Monastir near her hometown, losing to Elise Tamaëla in both events. She won her first title at the $10k level in singles in May 2010 in Antalya, Turkey. She then won the singles and doubles events at another $10k tournament in Casablanca, Morocco two months later.
After having left wrist surgery at the end of the year and winning a junior Grand Slam title, Jabeur moved up to the $25k and $50k levels in the summer of 2011. She made her Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour main-draw debut at the age of 17 as a wildcard at the Premier 5 Qatar Open in February 2012, where she lost her first career match to No. 103 Virginie Razzano, in three sets. She was also given a wildcard into the qualifying competition at the Dubai Tennis Championships the following week. Although she did not qualify, she upset world No. 33 Zheng Jie with a ranking of No. 1169. Jabeur did not have much success at the ITF Circuit in 2012, only reaching one final, which came in singles and was her first at the $25k level. She also entered qualifying at the French Open, but only won one match. Jabeur finished the year ranked No. 260 in the world.
2013–16: Top 200 at the ITF Circuit level
After a slow start to 2013, Jabeur won her first $25k title in April 2013 in Tunis. She then won back-to-back $50k titles over An-Sophie Mestach in Japan in May to bring her into the top 200 for the first time. In July, Jabeur played in her second WTA tournament main draw at the Baku Cup. She upset top seed, defending champion, and world No. 37, Bojana Jovanovski, in the second round before losing in the quarterfinals to Magda Linette. She entered the qualifying competitions at Wimbledon and the US Open, losing her opening match in both events. A third $50k title at the Saguenay Challenger with a win in the final over CoCo Vandeweghe took her to a new career-high of 139.
In 2014 she played the main draw in the 2014 Malaysian Open losing to Giulia Gatto-Monticone in the first round.
Jabeur stayed inside the top 200 for most of the next three years, but could not enter the top 100, reaching a career-best ranking of 118 in 2015. She continued to play a mix of ITF and WTA events, but played primarily at the ITF level. Her only ITF title in 2014 came at a $25k event in Tunis, and she did not win any titles in 2015. She finished runner-up twice in 2014, with the higher-level result coming at the $50k Open Nantes Atlantique, losing to Kateřina Siniaková. After losing in qualifying at the French Open and Wimbledon, Jabeur qualified for two major main draws in a row at the 2014 US Open and the 2015 Australian Open. She lost her opening matches at both tournaments to No. 19 Andrea Petkovic and Vera Zvonareva, respectively. With no titles, finals, or semifinals in 2015, her year-end ranking dropped to No. 210. Jabeur rebounded with two $25k titles in January 2016. A $50k title at the Nana Trophy in Tunis helped her return to the top 200 for all but one week through the rest of the season. Nonetheless, she lost in qualifying at both Wimbledon and the US Open and did not have a strong second half of the season. She finished the year at No. 193.
2017–18: First WTA Tour final, top 100
Jabeur participated in all four Grand Slam singles events in 2017 for the first time. After losing in the last round of qualifying at the Australian Open, she reached the French Open main draw as a lucky loser, the Wimbledon main draw as a qualifier, and the US Open main draw as a direct acceptance. She began to rise back up the rankings at the Premier-level Dubai Tennis Championships, where she qualified for the main draw and upset world No. 22, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, in the first round. This result brought her from No. 171 to No. 137.
After moderate success at the $60k level, Jabeur's next big breakthrough came at the French Open. As a lucky loser, she won two main-draw matches, including an upset of world No. 7, Dominika Cibulková, in the second round for her first top-10 victory. She lost in the third round to Timea Bacsinszky. At the end of July, she made her top-100 debut. Her only other Grand Slam main-draw match-win of the year was a first-round win over American wildcard Brienne Minor at the US Open, which cemented her place in the top 100 for the rest of the year.
Jabeur fell out of the top 100 in February 2018. She did not win her first match of the year until she reached the quarterfinals at the $60k Space Coast Pro Classic in April. After she lost in qualifying at the French Open, she dropped down to No. 180 in the world. Jabeur regained some of her ranking points when she won her first $100k title at the Manchester Trophy, bringing her back to No. 133.
With this title, she also earned a wildcard into the main draw at Wimbledon. She won her only Grand Slam main-draw match of the year at Wimbledon over Viktorija Golubic, who she defeated for the third time in the span of a month. Jabeur ended her season with the best result of her career to date. As a qualifier at the Premier-level Kremlin Cup, she finished runner-up to world No. 14, Daria Kasatkina. She defeated three top-25 players in the tournament, including No. 8 Sloane Stephens and No. 11 Anastasija Sevastova. With this result, she returned to the top 100 at a career-high of No. 62 in the world.
2019: US Open third round
Jabeur played all four Grand Slam main draws for the first time in 2019, and stayed in the top 100 the entire year. She lost in the first round at the first three Grand Slam tournaments of the season, and did not win multiple main draw matches at any tournaments until after the French Open in May. Jabeur had a better second half of the season. She reached the semifinals at the Premier-level Eastbourne International, where she upset home favourite and world No. 19, Johanna Konta. She withdrew before the semifinal due to a right ankle injury.
Jabeur's next big result came at the US Open. She defeated No. 27 Caroline Garcia and then Aliaksandra Sasnovich to reach the third round at a Grand Slam tournament for the second time in her career. She lost a tight three-set match to world No. 3, Karolína Plíšková, in the third round. With this success, she reached a career-high ranking of No. 51. The only other tournament of the year where Jabeur won multiple main-draw matches was the Tianjin Open in October. She defeated three players including No. 36 Yulia Putintseva, before losing to Rebecca Peterson in her second semifinal of the year.
2020: A major quarterfinal, top 50
Jabeur had a major breakthrough at the Australian Open. After defeating Johanna Konta and Caroline Garcia in the first two rounds, she beat Caroline Wozniacki in three sets in the last match of Wozniacki's career. Jabeur defeated a fourth top 50 player in succession in Wang Qiang before losing to eventual champion Sofia Kenin in the quarterfinals. With this result, she made her top-50 debut, and also became the first Arab woman to reach a Grand Slam quarterfinal.
The following month, Jabeur continued her progress after receiving two wildcards to both Premier tournaments in the Middle East. She held a match point against No. 2, Simona Halep, in a second-round loss at the Dubai Tennis Championships. She then reached the quarterfinals at the Qatar Ladies Open, where she upset world No. 3, Karolína Plíšková, in the third round. After the COVID-19 season suspension, Jabeur continued her good form at a Grand Slam level by reaching the third round of the US Open and the fourth round of the French Open for the first time in her career. She finished the year as world No. 31, her highest year-end ranking thus far.
2021: First title, major quarterfinal & top 10
Jabeur reached the semifinal of the Charleston Open and the final of the WTA 250 MUSC Health Open (also in Charleston), the latter of which she lost to Australian Astra Sharma. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 24 on 10 May 2021. Seeded 25th at the French Open, she took her revenge by defeating Sharma in the second round to advance to the third round of a major for a sixth straight time. She defeated Magda Linette to reach the fourth round for a second time in this major where she lost to 24th seed Coco Gauff. Seeded second, Jabeur reached her third final in her career and made history as the first Arab woman to win a WTA Tour title at the Birmingham Classic by defeating Daria Kasatkina. At the same tournament, partnering with Australian Ellen Perez, Jabeur also reached her first doubles final, losing to Marie Bouzková and Lucie Hradecká.
At Wimbledon, Jabeur, seeded 21st, defeated five-time champion Venus Williams to become the first Tunisian tennis player, first Arab woman, and the first woman representing an African country since Cara Black from Zimbabwe in 2005, to reach the third round (or quarterfinals) at Wimbledon. This also marked her seventh consecutive third-round appearance at a major. She continued her run when, despite vomiting at the side of the court when at match point, she defeated former Wimbledon champion and 11th seed, Garbiñe Muguruza, to reach the fourth round, coming back from a set down to reach the second week and round of 16 for the first time.
The day before, Tunisian supporters who flocked to Wimbledon burst into song — the national soccer team song, because there isn't one for tennis — and shouted her name after her fourth-round victory over 2020 French Open champion Iga Świątek. She defeated seventh seed Iga Świątek (making another comeback from the first set down) to reach the quarterfinals, where she lost to second seed and also first-time quarterfinalist Aryna Sabalenka. As a result, she reached a career-high ranking of world No. 22 on 26 July 2021.
To begin the US Open Series, Jabeur played the Canadian Open seeded 13th, beating Clara Burel, Daria Kasatkina, and defending champion Bianca Andreescu before losing in the quarterfinals to Jessica Pegula in three sets. With this result, she made her top 20 debut the week of 16 August 2021. At Indian Wells, Jabeur reached her first WTA 1000 semifinal by defeating Anett Kontaveit in the quarterfinals. With the win, she propelled herself into a career-high ranking, becoming the first Arab tennis player to reach the top 10 in either ATP or WTA rankings history. After the withdrawal of Emma Raducanu from the 2021 Mubadala World Tennis Championship, Jabeur was given her place. She won the tournament, defeating Belinda Bencic in the final.
2022: Two major finals and world No. 2
Jabeur started her season at the Sydney International. She defeated Astra Sharma in the first round and Petra Kvitová in the second round before losing to Anett Kontaveit in the quarterfinals. She subsequently withdrew from the Australian Open due to a back injury sustained in the Sydney tournament. In February, Jabeur played the Dubai Championships, where she defeated former world No. 2, Vera Zvonareva and Jessica Pegula, before falling to former No. 1, Simona Halep in the quarterfinals. She then entered the Qatar Ladies Open. After a first round bye, she defeated Aliaksandra Sasnovich and Tereza Martincová before falling to Kontaveit again in the quarterfinals.
At the Indian Wells Open, Jabeur received a bye into the second round where she was upset by Daria Saville in three sets. She reached the fourth round at the Miami Open, falling to 2022 Australian Open finalist Danielle Collins in straight sets. Jabeur reached her first final of the year at the Charleston Open, where she fell to Belinda Bencic in three sets. In Stuttgart, she was defeated by Paula Badosa in the quarterfinals. Seeded eighth at the Madrid Open, the world No. 10 reached her first WTA 1000 final, besting Belinda Bencic and Simona Halep, before defeating Ekaterina Alexandrova in the semifinals to become the first Arab player to reach a final at this level. She defeated Jessica Pegula in the final to become the first African player to win a WTA 1000 title, the ninth different winner at the Madrid Open and the 38th different winner in a WTA 1000 tournament (since 2009).
At the Italian Open, she reached her second consecutive WTA 1000 final, defeating Sorana Cîrstea, Ajla Tomljanović, Yulia Putintseva, and fourth seed Maria Sakkari, before saving a match point in the semifinals against Daria Kasatkina for her 11th straight win. In the final, she lost to Iga Świątek in straight sets. By reaching the final at the Italian Open, Jabeur set a career-high ranking of world No. 6, on 16 May 2022. After having an excellent clay-court season, she then participated in the French Open, where she drew Magda Linette in the first round. She was shockingly defeated by Linette, after having a set and a break lead in the second set. Despite this, she reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4, on 6 June 2022, following the conclusion of the tournament.
As the top seed, she won the German Open in Berlin after Belinda Bencic retired in the second set of the final. As a result, she moved to a new career-high ranking of world No. 3, on 20 June 2022. Jabeur initially entered the Eastbourne International singles draw seeded second, but withdrew before the tournament. Jabeur remained in the doubles draw as a wildcard, in which she partnered with Serena Williams, who was playing her first tournament since 2021 Wimbledon. Jabeur and Williams won their first-round match against Marie Bouzková and Sara Sorribes Tormo to set up a quarterfinal against Shuko Aoyama and Chan Hao-ching. They then reached the semifinals but Jabeur withdrew before their match with Magda Linette and Aleksandra Krunić citing a right knee injury. She achieved a new career-high in the singles rankings of world No. 2, on 27 June 2022, which was the highest-ranking for any African and Arab tennis player in WTA and ATP rankings history.
In London, she reached her second consecutive Wimbledon quarterfinal, defeating Mirjam Björklund, Katarzyna Kawa, Diane Parry and 24th seed Elise Mertens. Defeating Marie Bouzková in the quarterfinal, she became the first Arab or North African woman ever to reach the semifinals of a major tournament. After that, she defeated Tatjana Maria to reach her maiden Grand Slam final, which made her the first African woman, and the first Arab or North African player, in the Open era to enter a Grand Slam singles final. In the final, she lost to Elena Rybakina in three sets. Despite this, Wimbledon did not receive points due to athletes representing Russia and Belarus being banned from the tournament because of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Leading up to the US Open during the North American summer, Jabeur lost in the second round at the Silicon Valley Classic and retired in her first round match against Zheng Qinwen at the Canadian Open. At the Cincinnati Open, Jabeur lost in the second round to Petra Kvitová, in three sets. At the US Open, she regained her form, advancing to the quarterfinals for the first time at this major defeating 31st seed Shelby Rogers, and then 18th seed Veronika Kudermetova in straight sets to record her first victory over the Russian in four meetings. She became the third African woman to make it into the quarterfinals of the US Open in the Open era – and the first from the northern part of the continent. The other African women to reach the US Open quarterfinals are Maryna Godwin (1968) and Amanda Coetzer (1994, 1996 and 1998), both from South Africa. However, although she eventually managed to reach the final (making her the first African woman and the first Arab woman to do so), she lost against Iga Świątek, in straight sets. Unlike Wimbledon, Jabeur received 1,300 points in the tournament.
Jabeur recorded her first win at a WTA event in Africa against Ann Li at the inaugural edition of the WTA 250 tennis tournament in Tunisia, which she helped start in her home country. She was eventually defeated by Claire Liu in the quarterfinals. Jabeur made her debut at the WTA Finals in Fort Worth. She defeated Jessica Pegula in her second match of the group stage in three sets. However, she finished her campaign in the round-robin stage as she lost two out of her three matches against Aryna Sabalenka and Maria Sákkari, respectively. She ended the best season of her career ranked No. 2 in the WTA rankings.
2023: Two WTA Tour titles, second Wimbledon final
She started the year with two victories against the Romanian Sorana Cîrstea and the qualified Ukrainian Marta Kostyuk in Adelaide International 1. She was defeated in the semi-finals by the young qualified Linda Nosková, 18 years old and 102nd in the world in three sets. In mid-January, she competed in the Australian Open and, after getting rid of the Slovenian Tamara Zidanšek in three sets, she came up against the Czech Markéta Vondroušová. After an absence for a right knee injury which was treated by surgery, she returned to the circuit in March at the Indian Wells, but lost in the third round against the Czech Markéta Vondroušová, after beating Poland's Magdalena Fręch. She fell in the first round of Miami the following week, beaten by Russian qualifier Varvara Gracheva.
In April, she won the 2023 Credit One Charleston Open by beating in the final the Swiss Belinda Bencic, who had beaten her in the final the year before. Seeded number two, she eliminated before the final without losing a single set the Ukrainian Lesia Tsurenko, the guest Caroline Dolehide and the Russians Anna Kalinskaya and Daria Kasatkina, eighth player in the world. She took part in the Stuttgart tournament two weeks later and took out former Roland Garros winner Jeļena Ostapenko and Brazilian Beatriz Haddad Maia but had to retire in the semi-final against number one Iga Świątek after three games due to a left calf injury. This injury also forced her to give up defending her title at 2023 Mutua Madrid Open. She returns to 2023 Italian Open but loses in the first match against former world number two Paula Badosa.
At 2023 French Open, she eliminated the Italian Lucia Bronzetti, the local Océane Dodin, the last Frenchwoman in the running, and the Serbian Olga Danilović, both out of the Top 100 to join as in 2020 and 2021 the round of 16 Porte d'Auteuil. She finds the American Bernarda Pera, a novice at this stage. She dismisses him and goes to the quarter-finals for the first time in her career in the tournament. Against Beatriz Haddad Maia, the match is more complicated and she is overthrown after a long duel.
As defending champion in German Open, she lost in the first round against the German qualifier Jule Niemeier and in the second round in Eastbourne International, beaten by the Italian Camila Giorgi. At Wimbledon, Jabeur managed to eliminate four Grand Slam winners in her way to the final including Bianca Andreescu in the third round, Petra Kvitová in the fourth round, defending champion Elena Rybakina in the quarterfinals, and world No. 2 Aryna Sabalenka in the semi-finals. However, she lost in straight sets to world No. 42 Markéta Vondroušová in the final, which she described as the "most painful loss" in her career.
She won her fifth title defeating Diana Shnaider at the 2023 Ningbo Open.
National representation
Fed Cup
Jabeur represented Tunisia at the Junior Fed Cup in 2009 alongside Nour Abbès and Sonia Daggou. The team finished third place in their round robin group that also included Mexico, China, and Germany. Although Jabeur lost all three of her singles rubbers, Tunisia won their tie against Mexico after Abbès won her singles match and Jabeur teamed up with Abbès to win the decisive doubles rubber. Tunisia finished in 11th place out of 16 teams overall, losing their first 9th-to-12th place tie to Indonesia, but winning their second 9th-to-12th place tie against Australia. Jabeur and Abbès won both singles rubbers in that last tie.
Jabeur made her senior Fed Cup debut for Tunisia in 2011, representing the team from 2011 to 2013, and again from 2016 through 2019. She has played in 29 ties, compiling an overall record of 32–11 split between 24–5 in singles and 8–6 in doubles. Her 24 singles wins are tied with Selima Sfar for the most in Tunisia Fed Cup history. When Jabeur debuted for Tunisia, they were in Europe/Africa Zone Group III. They were promoted to Zone Group II for 2013 after winning all five of their round robin ties and a play-off tie against Ireland in 2012. They were again promoted to Zone Group I for 2014 the following year, winning a play-off tie over Lithuania. However, Tunisia ultimately did not participate in the Fed Cup in 2014 or 2015, which was concurrent with Tunisia's one-year ban from Davis Cup that resulted from their federation requiring Malek Jaziri to default a match to an Israeli player.
When Tunisia returned to Fed Cup in 2016, they were again placed in Zone Group III. They did not manage to win their round robin groups in 2016 or 2017, losing ties to Greece and Luxembourg in 2016 and then Finland and Malta in 2017. Tunisia again won their round robin group again in 2018, after which they defeated Lithuania to win promotion to Zone Group II in 2019. They did not win their round robin group in 2019, keeping them in Zone Group II for 2020. Jabeur won all of her singles rubbers when the team was promoted in 2012, 2013, and 2018.
Olympics
As a junior, Jabeur also represented Tunisia at the 2010 Youth Olympics in Singapore, winning two singles matches and one doubles match, the latter with Romanian Cristina Dinu. She was eliminated in the quarterfinals by Chinese player Zheng Saisai in both competitions. Jabeur also represented Tunisia in singles at the London Olympics in 2012, the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games in 2016, and the Tokyo Olympic Games in 2021. She lost her 2012 opening round match to Sabine Lisicki in three sets. She also lost her 2016 opening round match in three sets, this time to Daria Kasatkina. She had a chance to serve for the match in the second set against Kasatkina, but was broken. In Tokyo, she faced Carla Suárez Navarro in the first round of the singles tournament, but lost in straight sets.
Playing style
Jabeur builds her style of play around variety and hitting what she refers to as "crazy shots". She tries to employ difficult shots because that is how she enjoys playing tennis. She likes to utilize slice and drop shots in particular. Jabeur can hit winners in a variety of ways, including backhand drop shots from the baseline or forehands up the line. She likes to play on any surface.
Coaches
As a junior, Jabeur was coached by Nabil Mlika until she was thirteen years old. Jabeur began working with Bertrand Perret in February 2018.
She viewed Perret as being more supportive of her style of play than her past coaches, saying, "I think he understands my game. He tries to improve my good shots, not change what I do. I've worked with a lot of coaches who tried to change my game ... Bertrand encourages me to do dropshots and also corrects my dropshots, instead of other coaches who told me not to do dropshots at all." In early 2020, Jabeur switched coaches to Issam Jellali, a former Tunisian Davis Cup player with whom she had already been working for about three years.
Personal life
Jabeur is a Muslim. She occasionally has to postpone certain practices due to Ramadan during tournaments. She is married to Karim Kamoun, a Russian-Tunisian former fencer who has been her fitness coach since mid-2017.
Jabeur was one of 12 players who received an International Player Grand Slam Grant from the Grand Slam Development Fund in 2017 immediately before the French Open, where she won her first two career Grand Slam main-draw matches. She became endorsed by Qatar Airways in 2020.
Jabeur won the 2019 Arab Woman of the Year Award in the sport category, having reached the third round of the US Open and established herself as a permanent fixture in the top 100 that year. Jabeur is close friends with fellow tennis player Tatjana Maria, whom she defeated in the semifinals of the 2022 Wimbledon Championships, describing her as her "barbecue buddy".
Television and film
Jabeur appears in the tennis docuseries Break Point, which premiered on Netflix on January 13, 2023.
Sponsorship
In June 2015, Ons Jabeur signed a partnership contract with Qatar National Bank Tunisia. In 2018, she became ambassador of HAVAL belonging to the automotive manufacturer Great Wall Motor through Atlas Auto its distributor in Tunisia, then sponsored in the same year the Joossoor group chaired by businessman Moez Driss. In December 2020, she became sponsored by the Tunisian telecommunications operator Tunisie Télécom. In February 2022, she signed a sponsorship contract with Talan, an innovation consulting firm.
She has signed with Evolve, a sports management agency founded by four-time Grand Slam champion Naomi Osaka.
Sports ownership
On 25 August 2023, Jabeur purchased a minority stake in National Women's Soccer League club North Carolina Courage, becoming the second professional tennis player to do so after Naomi Osaka.
Career statistics
Grand Slam singles performance timeline
Grand Slam tournament finals
Singles: 3 (3 runner-ups)
Honours
Grand officer of the National Order of Merit of Tunisia (14 July 2022)
Named one of the BBC 100 Women as role model for young tennis players (2022)
Notes
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Tunisian female tennis players
Tennis players at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
French Open junior champions
People from Monastir Governorate
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players for Tunisia
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' singles
African Games gold medalists for Tunisia
African Games medalists in tennis
African Games silver medalists for Tunisia
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Tunisia
Mediterranean Games medalists in tennis
Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games
Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
North Carolina Courage owners
Tunisian Muslims |
The Sanpete Valley Hospital is a critical access hospital located in Mount Pleasant, Utah, United States. A full medical staff of general surgeons, radiologists and ten family practice physicians work at the hospital. Sanpete Valley Hospital is one of two hospitals located in Central Utah and is in Sanpete County. It is part of the Intermountain Healthcare system.
References
External links
Hospitals in Utah
Intermountain Health
Buildings and structures in Sanpete County, Utah |
The Art of Sexual Ecstasy: The Path of Sacred Sexuality for Western Lovers is a 1989 book about Tantra by the author Margot Anand, in which the author presents the foundation of her method known as "SkyDancing Tantra". A popular book addressed to a Western audience, it uses concrete sexual exercises to demonstrate the often esoteric principles of Tantra.
Reception
The Art of Sexual Ecstasy was recommended by Linda Devillers in Health.
References
Bibliography
Journals
1989 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
English-language books
Neotantra
Sex manuals
TarcherPerigee books |
The Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia (IPA) () is the sole Russian non-governmental professional organization that makes non-forensic psychiatric expert examination at the request of citizens whose rights have been violated with the use of psychiatry. The IPA is not a state institution but a public organization, and its medical reports have not a legal but an ethical significance. There is nowhere to refute one's misdiagnosis in Russia. In recent years, the IPA forces restrictions on patients’ rights and transinstitutionalization of those with mental illness.
History
The IPA was established in Moscow in March 1989 and became the first psychiatric association in the USSR which was not controlled by the State. The IPA was created as an association publicly opposing itself to official Soviet psychiatry and its offspring, the All-Union Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists, which was completely under the control of the Soviet government and implemented its political principles. The members of the initiative group on establishing the IPA were Alexandr Podrabinek and psychologist Victor Lanovoi who had developed the plan to establish the IPA and had been its first president before he emigrated to Israel. The IPA has been the full member of the World Psychiatric Association since October 17, 1989. In 1992, the IPA joined the Russian Human Rights House Network, a union of 10 well-known human rights organizations. The IPA played a significant part in the demolition of punitive psychiatry. The IPA appears to make very active efforts to communicate their views on the previous and present abuses of psychiatry in Russia to psychiatry in the West.
Structure
In 2010, the IPA has about 600 members in 54 regions of Russia. Most members of the IPA are the members of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists. The charter of the IPA runs as follows: “Independent means self-supporting, no included in the composition and departmental subordination of state medical institutions and other administrative bodies.” The IPA cooperates with the Moscow Helsinki Group and has the community liaison office and examination commission where one can receive free legal advice and services. The Society of Clinical Psychotherapists (M.Burno) was created under the auspices of IPA in 1995. Later on Moscow Group for Philosophy and Psychiatry (Elena B. Bezzubova) was organized and began to function together with psychotherapeutic theatre and regular meetings grouped under the title of “Psychiatry and Problems of Spiritual Life” (B.Voskresensky and Z.Krakhmalnikova). IPA takes an active part in the movement "Philosophy and Psychiatry," with Elena Bezzubova (University of California at Irvine) and Yuri Savenko being members of the Steering Committee of International Network for Philosophy and Psychiatry.
The IPA leadership
The President of the IPA is Yuri Savenko, the Executive Director is Lyubov Vinogradova, the Chief of the legal service is Julia Argunova.
Publication
The official publication of the IPA is Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal (Independent Psychiatric Journal). According to a resolution adopted on the 19 of February 2010 by the presidium of the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal has been included in the list of the leading peer-reviewed journals and publications.
Estimations
Noted public figures and scientists expressed their appreciation for the IPA activities. In 2004, the President of the World Psychiatric Association Professor Ahmed Okasha wrote: “The World Psychiatric Association has strengthened due to the membership of your Society.” Three years later, his successor as the WPA President, Professor Juan Mezzich, noted that the WPA representatives highly appreciated the IPA successes in clinical psychiatry as well as ethical and humanitarian aspirations demonstrated by the IPA despite many difficulties it had to face.
According to A.I. Appenyansky, the Chief Academic Secretary of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists (RSP), the RSP appreciates the IPA role in developing psychiatric care in the country. A.I. Appenyansky noted that the IPA became a very reputable professional public organization providing pluralism for professional discussion in psychiatry and that it was promoted due to, in particular, publishing very important and interesting periodical Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal as well as contributions of noted representatives of the psychiatric community such as Savenko, Vinogradova, Argunova, Gofman, Boukhanovsky, Piven, and others.
Resisting the use of psychiatry against religious minorities
In 2006, Yuri Savenko stated that a first large relapse of the use of psychiatry for political purposes in post-Soviet Russia during recent decade was struggle against ‘totalitarian sects.’ According to Yuri Savenko, the reason for the use of psychiatry against religious minorities, which began from 1995, was professor Y.I. Polishchuk’s report containing conclusion about ‘gross harm on mental health’ inflicted by different religious organizations. This report was distributed to all public prosecutors’ offices of the country and the presidents of the educational institutions despite the fact that its scientific inadequacy was emphasized by not only the IPA, but the Russian Society of Psychiatrists since all imputed cases of illness, suicide, family breakdown, etc. proved to be much more frequent in the general population than in the persecuted religious organizations.
In 1999, the IPA expressed its concern about the facts of the use of psychiatry against religious minorities in the IPA Open Letter to the General Assembly of XI Congress of the WPA. Stressing all the responsibility taken by the authors of the letter for the action involved in their statement, they noted in it that they considered it necessary to draw the WPA General Assembly’s attention to the recurrent use of psychiatry for non-medical purposes, which was recommenced in Russia from 1994–1995, was subsequently going on a large-scale without slackening and was aimed at suppressing not political dissenters but already religious dissenters. This letter was concluded with the proposal, which was addressed to the WPA, to adopt the text of statement containing words of the WPA’s concern about initiating numerous lawsuits against various religious organizations in Russia for allegedly 'inflicting by them gross harm on mental health and for unhealthy changes of personality' and to express in the statement the WPA’s solidarity with the position of the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia and the Russian Society of Psychiatrists as to the inadmissibility of involving psychiatrists in issues straining their professional competence.
IPA attitude to homosexuality
In 2005, Savenko as the president of the IPA expressed their joint surprise at the proposal by the Executive Committee of the American Psychiatric Association to exclude homosexuality as a mental disorder from manuals on psychiatry, referred the proposal to antipsychiatric actions, and stated that ideological, social and liberal reasoning for the proposal was substituted for scientific one. His statement was put in the following words: "It is surprising for us that the substitution of ideological, social and liberal reasoning for scientific one came not from Russia and that the Executive Committee of the APA unanimously proposed to exclude homosexuality as a mental disorder from manuals on psychiatry. It shows that even the well-developed legal framework for psychiatry and the denationalization of mental health service (by 80% in the USA), ie, the absence of two of the three factors that played a crucial role in Soviet abuses of psychiatry, does not protect against inherently antipsychiatric actions." In 2014, Savenko changed his mind about homosexuality, and he and Perekhov in their joint paper criticized and referred the trend to consider homosexuality as a mental disorder to Soviet mentality that has endured into the present day.
Advocacy of eugenics
The president of the IPA, Yuri Savenko, justifies forced sterilization of women, which is practiced in Moscow psychoneurological nursing homes, and states that “one needs a more strictly adjusted and open control for the practice of preventive eugenics, which, in itself, is, in its turn, justifiable.”
Forcing restrictions on patients’ rights
In 2012, the Independent Psychiatric Association published a paper by its former legal consultant, who in the paper proposed amendments to the Law on Fundamentals of Protection of Public Health in the Russian Federation to legalize involuntary dispensary supervision over persons with mental disorders without their informed consent and court judgment having been taken. Establishing the dispensary supervision over persons specified in part 1 of Article 27 of the Russian Mental Health Law always leads to legally meaningful consequences for them, such as restrictions on their right to performing specific types of professional occupation and that related to a source of an increased danger. In his other paper, the former legal consultant of the IPA insists that the right to daily walks should be added to the list of patients' rights that may be restricted on the recommendation of the attending doctor or the head doctor in the interests of health or safety of patients and others.
Forcing transinstitutionalization
Lyubov Vinogradova of the IPA states that many regions have a catastrophic shortage of places in psychoneurological internats, her words point out the need to increase the number of places there and to the fact that the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia is forcing transinstitutionalization—relocating the mentally ill from their homes and psychiatric hospitals to psychoneurological internats.
Funding
In 2013 and 2014, the IPA has been working by using a grant from President of the Russian Federation.
Reports
The organization cooperated with a number of other NGOs to compose a highly critical report about rising rates of mental disease and the deteriorating system of mental health care. In the report, authors blamed ‘chronic underfunding of psychiatric care, corruption, and poverty’ and pointed an accusing finger at the psychiatric leadership.
References
Reference data
Organizations established in 1989
1989 establishments in the Soviet Union |
Sørskot is a village in the municipality of Steigen in Nordland county, Norway. It is located about south of the village of Nordskot and about northwest of the administrative centre, Leinesfjorden. Sørskot Chapel was built here in 1953.
References
Steigen
Villages in Nordland |
The Morane-Saulnier M.S.325 was a French Air Force fighter aircraft built by Morane-Saulnier in 1933 to meet the requirements of 1930 fighter aircraft specification. The design was unsuccessful and was abandoned in 1934.
Design and development
In 1930, when the Jockey legier Chasse, or Plan Caquot light weight fighter program was judged a failure, the Service Technique de l' Aeronautique issued the C1 (monoplace de chasse) requirement. C1 (upgraded on 26 January 1931) called for a single-seat fighter powered by a supercharged engine with a cylinder capacity of between . Ultimately no fewer than 10 designs and 12 prototypes were offered, all designed around the Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs developing at , with proven reliability and a relatively small frontal area. The Morane-Saulnier submissions included the M.S.275 which retained the classic parasol monoplane configuration of preceding Morane-Saulnier fighters. In the more innovative M.S.325, a low wing, duralumin-skinned all-metal configuration was employed.
The M.S.325 was relatively modest in its concept still featuring an open cockpit (originally the tail surfaces were fabric covered) and fixed-gear with the semi-elliptical two-spar wings braced by exterior struts. The wings had two jettisonable wing root fuel tanks with a pair of Châtellerault machine guns mounted one above each of the widely spaced landing gear legs. More unusual was that the incidence of the starboard wing greater than that of the port wing to counter torque; the engine was also canted slightly to port to counter the resultant yaw.
Operational history
M.S.325 C3 No. 01 (Works no. 4120) was flown for the first time by company Chief Test Pilot Michael Détroyat early in 1933 from the factory site at Villacoublay. The first test results were not satisfactory as tail buffeting was encountered leading to modifications that included lowering the tailplane and adding wing root fairings.
Although testing proceeded, the M.S.325 continued to be hampered by handling problems. In measuring up to other C1 competitors, the M.S.325 was relegated to an "also-ran" status and the Dewoitine D.500 became the chosen design.
Development based around a Hispano-Suiza 12Xers engine with a cannon was proposed but eventually, the M.S.325 design was abandoned in favour of the more promising M.S.405 C.1 with only partial performance tests completed.
Specifications (M.S.325)
References
Further reading
Brindley, John. F. French Fighters of World War Two. Windsor, UK: Hylton Lacy Publishers Ltd., 1971. .
Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume One: Fighters. London: Macdonald & Co.(Publishers) Ltd., 1960 (tenth impression 1972). .
Pelletier, Alain. French Fighters of World War II. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 2002. .
Further reading
Low-wing aircraft
1930s French fighter aircraft
MS.325
Single-engined tractor aircraft |
Muiredach (fl. 958–963) was an ealdorman () in northern England in the reign of Edgar the Peaceable. He is recorded in subscriptions to two royal charters.
The first, Sawyer 679, is a grant by King Edgar to Oscytel, Archbishop of York of 10 hides at Hutton in Nottinghamshire, where he is named Mirdach dux, ninth on the ealdorman list between Leod dux and Ascured dux.
His other appearance is in a newly discovered charter (found again 1983) issued by King Edgar to one Æthelferth, granting 5 hides at Ballidon in Derbyshire, where he is named Myrdah dux and appears eighth (last) in the ealdorman list, above Gunner dux. His name precedes Oslac dominus ("Lord Oslac"), who is probably Oslac, future ealdorman of Northumbria.
The names Mirdach and Myrdah represented the Goidelic name Muiredach, and he is thus thought to be of Gaelic or Norse-Gaelic origin. He may have been one of the Norse-Gaelic settlers resident in north-western Northumbria during the period.
Notes
References
External links
Anglo-Saxon ealdormen
Medieval Gaels
10th-century English people |
```protocol buffer
var morco = {
[[var]]
};
[[[var]]]
/**
* %var_des
* @type {%var_type_des}
*/
%var:%var_value,
``` |
Pavao Mašić (born 1980 in Šibenik) is a Croatian harpsichordist and organist.
Biography
Education
Pavao Mašić graduated at the Academy of Music in Zagreb in several studies: the harpsichord in the class of Višnja Mažuran, the organ in the class of Mario Penzar, and the studies of music theory. He obtained his organ master diploma (diplome de soliste) at Haute Ecole de Musique in Lausanne in the class of Kei Koito, where he studied with special emphasis the interpretation of Renaissance and Baroque repertoire on historical instruments. He also obtained MA degree of harpsichord and related keyboard instruments in the class of Dr. Robert Hill and Michael Behringer (basso continuo) at the Hochschule für Musik (Institut für Historische Aufführungspraxis) in Freiburg im Breisgau. He continues to work with some of the most prominent world harpsichordists such as Pierre Hantaï and Skip Sempé under whose artistic guidance he dedicates himself to studying the repertoire of JS Bach and French Baroque composers. Bob van Asperen, Ton Koopman, Laurence Cummings, Anđelko Klobučar, Daniel Roth, Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini, Christoph Bossert, Katherine Bine Bryndorf are but some of the prominent artists, under whose guidance he participated in numerous international master classes devoted to the interpretation of music for harpsichord and organ.
Artistic activity
As a soloist and chamber musician, he has performed regularly at renowned music festivals home and abroad (Italy, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Russia, Czech Republic). As a soloist he has performed with the Croatian Baroque Ensemble, Baroque Ensemble La Risonanza, Varazdin Chamber Orchestra, Symphonic Wind Orchestra of the Croatian Army and the Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra (with whom he premiered Carillon, the Concerto for Organ and Orchestra by Ante Knešaurek in 2006). He occasionally works with various soloists and ensembles such as the Zagreb Soloists, the Croatian Baroque Ensemble, Symphony Orchestra of Croatian Radio and Television Chamber Orchestra, Munich Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra, Berlin Philharmonic scholarship orchestra, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra.
Since 1999 he is the principal organist of the Church of St. Mark in Zagreb, where he collaborates with the Oratorio Choir Cantores Sancti Marci, continuing the tradition of this historical Croatian church that dates back to at least the 14th century. Since 2008 he has been employed at the Music Academy in Zagreb where he teaches harpsichord and basso continuo as the assistant to prof. Višnja Mažuran. Currently his artistic activity is being focused on the organ works by JS Bach, which, together with the organist Ante Knešaurek, he performs in series of 17 concerts on the organ of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Zagreb. In 2010 they jointly launched the project of integral performance of complete works for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, which is also the first systematic and complete performance of Bach's organ works in Croatia.
Awards
He won the first awards from international competitions Grand Prix Bach de Lausanne (Switzerland, 2006), Andrea Antico de Montona (Croatia, 2006), as well as the Dean's Award for academic year 2004/2005 and Ivo Vuljević Award as the most successful young musician in 2006 according to the choice of Croatian Musical Youth. In 2009 he was one of the winners at the 1st international competition Concurso internacional CAI – Jóvenes Interpretes de Organo, held in Zaragoza, Spain, and in 2010 he received the Annual Award of Association of University Teachers and Other Scholars in Zagreb. Particularly successful 2010 season was crowned with all the three prizes by Varaždin Baroque Evenings which are traditionally awarded to outstanding festival artists and performers. Although only making his début at Varaždin Baroque Evenings, in the 40th jubilee edition of this renowned Croatian music festival Pavao Mašić received three important awards: Ivan Lukačić Award for a harpsichord recital with the ensemble Symblema, Jurica Murai Award for solo organ recital as the best performance in 40the Varaždin Baroque Evenings and Vjesnik Award Kantor for the best interpretation of compositions by JS Bach.
References
External links
www.pavaomasic.blogspot.com
www.pavaomasic.weebly.com
Zagreb Music Academy
1980 births
Living people
People from Šibenik
Croatian organists
Male organists
Croatian harpsichordists
Hochschule für Musik Freiburg alumni
21st-century organists
21st-century male musicians |
Mateusz Jeleń (born 18 September 1988) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
References
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Kraków
Men's association football midfielders
Polish men's footballers
MKS Cracovia players
Ayia Napa FC players
Ekstraklasa players
Cypriot Second Division players
Polish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus |
The 1979 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cavaliers were led by fourth-year head coach Dick Bestwick and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in sixth.
Schedule
Roster
References
Virginia
Virginia Cavaliers football seasons
Virginia Cavaliers football |
Mooseland is a small rural community in the Eastern Shore area of Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, on the Mooseland Road, northeast of Halifax. The area is known to have deposits of gold and is the site of the first gold discovery in Nova Scotia.
Mooseland is home to the Otter Ponds Demonstration Forest (www.opdf.ca), a community forest initiative on publicly owned lands that aims to demonstrate uneven aged forest management and restoration of the Acadian Forest along the Eastern Shore. The Otter Ponds forest is approximately
1600 acres (647 hectares; 2.5 sq mi) that straddles the Tangier River and is composed of a diverse range of conifer and deciduous forests.
Communications
Postal code – B0J 2J0
Telephone exchange – 902-772
Demographics
Population – 99
Dwellings – 134
Land area –
References
Explore HRM
Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia |
Iron Road is the name of:
Iron Road (film), a 2009 Canada/China television miniseries
Iron Road Railways, a former railroad company in Maine, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia from 1994 to 2002
Iron Road Limited, an Australian iron ore exploration and mining company established in 2008
Iron Road (opera), a 2001 Canadian opera in two acts
See also
Via ferrata, the Italian words for "iron road", a kind of protected climbing route |
FC Mecklenburg Schwerin is a German football club based in Schwerin in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The club was formed from a merger in 2013 and competes in the fifth tier NOFV-Oberliga Nord. The club plays its home matches at the Sportpark Lankow. FC Mecklenburg Schwerin also has gymnastics squads and an Esports department.
History
FC Mecklenburg Schwerin was established from a merger of FC Eintracht Schwerin and FC Mecklenburg Schwerin on 28 May 2013. The club incorporates the history of several historical football clubs in Schwerin, such as Schweriner FC 03, BSG Einheit Schwerin, SC Traktor Schwerin, BSG Motor Schwerin, SG Dynamo Schwerin and ISG Schwerin.
FC Eintracht Schwerin
FC Eintracht Schwerin was formally founded as SG Schwerin in 1945, but the club can trace its history back the oldest football club in Schwerin. SG Schwerin was founded as a successor to Schweriner FC 03, which had been founded in 1903. Schweriner FC 03 was dissolved the Allied occupation authorities in 1945.
SG Schwerin became BSG Vorwärts Schwerin in 1949 and then BSG Einheit Schwerit in 1951. The next change occurred when the club was joined with the newly founded sports club SC Traktor Schwerin in 1956. SC Traktor Schwerin was also joined by parts of the team of army-sponsored ASG Vorwärts Schwerin. The football department of SC Traktor Schwerin was then joined with BSG Motor Schwerin on 1 August 1964. BSG Motor Schwerin had been founded earlier the same year.
BSG Motor Schwerin was renamed BSG Motor Kabelwerk Schwerin in 1988. The club became SV Schweriner Kabelwerk in 1990 and finally Schweriner SC in 1991. Schweriner SC was then joined by VfL Schwerin in 1992. VfL Schwerin had been known as ISG Schwerin during the East German era. The club was reformed as VfL Tiefbau in 1990. It then became VfL Schwerin in 1991 and was joined by FSV Grün-Weiß Schwerin at the same time. FSV Grün-Weiß Schwerin had been known as BSG Chemie Schwerin until 1990. The football department of Schweriner SC separated from the sports club and formed football club FC Eintracht Schwerin in 1996.
1. FSV Schwerin
FC Eintracht Schwerin was joined by 1. FSV Schwerin on 1 July 1997. 1. FSV Schwerin was originally founded as SG Volkspolizei Schwerin in 1948. The club was renamed SV Deutsche Volkspolizei Schwerin after the founding of sports association SV Deutsche Volkspolizei in 1950. The team of SV Deutsche Volkspolizei Schwerin and its place in the DDR-Liga was relocated to Rostock in 1952 where it continued as SV Deutsche Volkspolizei Rostock. The second team of SV Deutsche Volkspolizei Schwerin became the new first team instead. SV Deutsche Volkspolizei Schwerin was reformed as SG Dynamo Schwerin in 1953 and incorporated into the new sports association SV Dynamo. SG Dynamo Schwerin played its home matches at the Sportplatz Paulshöhe in the district of Ostorf in Schwerin.
SG Dynamo Schwerin advanced to the second tier DDR-Liga in the 1953–54 season. However, the club was immediately relegated to the third tier II. DDR-Liga and then suffered another relegation to the fourth tier Bezirksliga Schwerin in the 1957 season. SG Dynamo Schwerin returned to the II. DDR-Liga in 1959 season, where it struggled for four seasons. The club finally won promotion to the DDR-Liga in the 1962–63 season. SG Dynamo Schwerin remained in the DDR-Liga until German reunification. Wolf-Rüdiger Netz, who became the top goalscorer of BFC Dynamo during the East German era and who won several East German league titles with BFC Dynamo, began playing football at SG Dynamo Schwerin at 8 years old and also made his professional debut with SG Dynamo Schwerin. SG Dynamo Schwerin changed its name after the Peaceful revolution and became Polizei SV Schwerin on 17 April 1990. PSV Schwerin reached the final of the 1989-90 FDGB-Pokal, but lost 1-2 to SG Dynamo Dresden. Polizei SV Schwerin then became 1. FSV Schwerin on 1 July 1991.
FC Mecklenburg Schwerin
Schweriner SC founded a new football department short after the founding of FC Eintracht Schwerin in 1996. A new new SG Dynamo Schwerin was also formed in 2003. FC Eintracht Schwerin, Schweriner SC and SG Dynamo Schwerin joined their forces and created FC Mecklenburg Schwerin as a collaboration team in 2009. They were supported by representatives from politics and administration in Schwerin. FC Mecklenburg Schwerin then merged with FC Eintracht Schwerin and formed independent football club FC Meckenburg Schwerin on 28 May 2013. The 2020-21 Verbandliga Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was ended prematurely due to the Covid-19 pandemic. FC Mecklenburg Schwerin stood at first place and was promoted to the NOFV-Oberliga Nord. SG Dynamo Schwerin stood at first place in 2020–21 Landesliga Mecklenburg-Vorpommern West and was simultaneously promoted to the Verbandsliga Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
Honours
Verbandsliga Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (VI)
Champions: 2015–16, 2020–21
Runners-up: 2014–15
Stadium
FC Mecklenburg Schwerin plays its home matches at the Sportpark Lankow in the district of Lankow in northwestern Schwerin. The stadium has a capacity of 1,500 seats.
Notes
References
External links
Official website of FC Mecklenburg Schwerin
Official website of SG Dynamo Schwerin
Football clubs in East Germany
Police association football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Association football clubs established in 2013
Sport in Schwerin
2013 establishments in Germany |
In literature, the competent man (sometimes peak-human) is a stock character who exhibits a very wide range of abilities and knowledge, making them a form of polymath. This trope was notably common in 1950s U.S. science fiction. While not the first to use such a character type, the heroes and heroines of Robert A. Heinlein's fiction (with Jubal Harshaw being a prime example) generally have a wide range of abilities, and one of Heinlein's characters, Lazarus Long, gives a wide summary of requirements:
The competent hero, more often than not, is written without explaining how they achieved their wide range of skills and abilities. When such characters are young, there is often not much explanation as to how they acquired so many skills at an early age.
Examples
Examples of early modern competent heroes include the protagonists of George Bernard Shaw, like Henry Higgins in Pygmalion and Caesar in Caesar and Cleopatra, as well as the citizen soldiers in Rudyard Kipling's "The Army of a Dream".
Many non-superpowered comic book characters are written as hyper-competent characters due to the perception that they would simply be considered underpowered otherwise. Batman, for example, is typically depicted as a member of the Justice League of America alongside Superman, Wonder Woman, and Green Lantern, all of whom are superpowered while he lacks superhuman powers of any kind. As a result, despite his original depiction as a vigilante, modern depictions of Batman portray him as having achieved the peak-human possibility in things physical and intellectual. The same treatment has been applied to Lex Luthor, who has always been Superman's archenemy despite the former's total lack of superhuman powers.
See also
Mary Sue
Jack of all trades, master of none
Polymath
References
Giftedness
Heroes |
Star Trader is a 1974 video game and an early example of the space trading genre. The game involves players moving from star to star on a map of the galaxy, buying and selling quantities of six types of merchandise in a competition to make the most money. The game was developed by Dave Kaufman for computers in 1973, and its BASIC source code was printed in the January 1974 issue of the People's Computer Company Newsletter. It was reprinted in the 1977 book What to Do After You Hit Return. The game was the inspiration for the multiplayer Trade Wars series, beginning in 1984, and is thought to be the antecedent to much of the space trading genre.
Gameplay
Star Trader is a multiplayer space trading game, in which players trade resources between star systems in order to make the most money. The game presents a star map of the galaxy in which each player moves about trading between star systems of different levels of economic development. The players travel from planet to planet buying and selling six types of merchandise: uranium, metals, gems, software, heavy equipment, and medicine. The different levels of planet have different needs and produce different kinds and amounts of goods, which influences their prices. In the course of the game the level of development of planets can improve and new planetary systems can be discovered. Haggling over the price of goods is a central part of gameplay. The game's interface is text-only.
Development
Star Trader was written by Dave Kaufman in the BASIC programming language. The source code to the game was published in the People's Computer Company Newsletter in volume 2, issue 3 in January 1974. The concept for the game is seemingly based on Isaac Asimov's Foundation series of novels.
Legacy
In 1977, the game's code was reprinted in What to Do After You Hit Return. Star Trader was used as the inspiration for the first game of the Trade Wars series of multiplayer space trading games in 1984, making it the ancestor of many subsequent space trader games, including Eve Online, the Wing Commander Privateer series, and Elite series.
Several unrelated but similar space trading games have been released under the name Star Trader. One such game was released by Bug Byte Software in 1984 for the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64, and was one of the games included with the Softaid compilation. Another was written by S. J. Singer in 1984 using Altair Basic, and modified by John Zaitseff for Microsoft Basic under the CP/M-80 operating system in 1988. Completely rewritten versions for CP/M-80, CP/M-86, MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows 3.1 and Linux/Unix followed, with the latest release for Linux and Unix occurring in November 2019. All versions by John Zaitseff have been released or relicensed under the GNU General Public License v3.
References
External links
The People's Computer Company Alumni Pages People's Computer Company Alumni and History site.
Standard HP BASIC Listing #1 Star Trader Game Setup Module BASIC programming language listing.
Standard HP BASIC Listing #2 Star Trader Game Main Module BASIC programming language listing.
Star Trader Tribute Page Site describing the history of Star Trader.
History Of Trade Wars Variants Timeline of the history of Trade Wars variants.
Star Traders Versions of Star Traders for Linux, as well as for CP/M-80, CP/M-86, MS-DOS, Windows 3.1 and Commodore 64.
1974 video games
Space trading and combat simulators
Public-domain software with source code
Video games developed in the United States |
Dedication is a ceremony to mark the official completion or opening of something. Such rituals include ceremonial ship launching and a variety of events for buildings including builders' rites or an opening ceremony. Many religions have specific dedication rituals, which serve to consecrate items, places, or people to sacred purpose, such as the dedication of churches or Child dedication.
Feast of Dedication
The Feast of Dedication, today Hanukkah, once also called the "Feast of the Maccabees", is a Jewish festival observed for eight days from the 25th of Kislev (usually in December, but occasionally late November, due to the lunisolar calendar). It was instituted in the year 165 B.C. by Judas Maccabeus, his brothers, and the elders of the congregation of Israel in commemoration of the reconsecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, and especially of the altar of burnt offerings, after they had been desecrated during the persecution under Antiochus Epiphanes (168 BC). The significant happenings of the festival were the illumination of houses and synagogues, a custom probably taken over from the Feast of Tabernacles, and the recitation of . According to the Second Book of Chronicles, the dedication of Solomon's Temple took place in the week before the Feast of Tabernacles. Julius Wellhausen suggests that the feast was originally connected with the winter solstice, and only afterwards with the events narrated in Maccabees.
The Feast of Dedication is also mentioned in , where the writer mentions Jesus being at the Jerusalem Temple during "the Feast of Dedication" and further notes "and it was winter". The Greek term used in John is "the renewals" (Greek τὰ ἐγκαίνια, ta enkainia). Josephus refers to the festival in Greek simply as "lights".
Dedication of churches
Child dedication
A child dedication ceremony takes place in some Christian churches that practice adult baptism. The child is presented to the congregation, and vows are made to raise him or her in the Christian tradition (similar to an infant baptism ceremony), but the child is not baptised, as some churches only accept adult or "believers" baptism.
Dedication of a marriage or relationship
Some denominations offer a dedication for a marriage or relationship. A service of dedication is used in the Church of England to bless a couple after a civil marriage. The Church of England's Diocese of Hereford "voted to support a motion calling on the House of Bishops to 'commend an Order of Prayer and Dedication after the registration of a civil partnership or a same sex marriage. Individual Anglican congregations in England may already offer same-sex couples "a special service of prayer and dedication".
See also
Consecration
Cornerstone
Ex-voto
Opening ceremony
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Urbs Beata Jerusalem dicta pacis visio - Catholic Encyclopedia article
Music Dedications Database - Database of dedications by Classical composers
Rituals attending construction |
The Best of Divine is a best-of compilation album by Divine, issued in 1991. It followed The Originals and the Remixes the prior year, but has not been followed by any other albums since, making it the last of six posthumous Divine albums.
Track listing
Shoot Your Shot - 6:27
Jungle Jezebel - 4:43
Native Love (Step By Step) - 3:59
Love Reaction - 5:36
Shout It Out - 3:23
T-Shirts and Tight Blue Jeans - 3:59
Psychedelic Shack - 3:38
Shake It Up - 5:51
Kick Your Butt - 5:26
Alphabet Rap - 6:02
You Think You're a Man - 6:04
Walk Like a Man - 5:27
I'm So Beautiful - 5:58
Hey You! - 5:38
References
Divine (performer) albums
1991 compilation albums |
Guillemette may refer to:
People
Alphonse-Edgar Guillemette (1877–1950), Canadian politician
Éloi Guillemette (1911–1984), Canadian politician
Hélène Guillemette, Canadian politician
Joanne Guillemette, U.S. politician
Nancy Guillemette, Canadian politician
Guillemette Andreu (born 1948), French Egyptologist and archaeologist
Guillemette du Luys (fl. 1479), French surgeon
Guillemette Laurens (born 1957), French opera singer
Guillemette of Neufchâtel (1260–1317), French noblewoman
Guillemette de Sarrebruck (1490–1571), French court official
See also
Guillemet, a punctuation mark |
Hangul Jamo Extended-A is a Unicode block containing choseong (initial consonant) forms of archaic Hangul consonant clusters. They can be used to dynamically compose syllables that are not available as precomposed Hangul syllables in Unicode, specifically syllables that are not used in standard modern Korean.
Block
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Hangul Jamo Extended-A block:
References
Unicode blocks
Extended-B |
```kotlin
package net.println.kt13.module
import com.google.gson.Gson
import dagger.Module
import dagger.Provides
import javax.inject.Singleton
/**
* Created by benny on 12/11/16.
*/
@Module
class GsonModule {
@Singleton @Provides fun gson(): Gson = Gson()
}
``` |
Poopdeck Pappy is a fictional character featured in the Popeye (Thimble Theatre) comic strip and animated cartoon spinoffs. Created by E. C. Segar in 1936, the character is Popeye's father, who is between the ages of 85 and 99.
History
Pappy first appeared in Thimble Theatre not long after Popeye acquired Eugene the Jeep in 1936. Popeye decided to use the creature's supernatural knowledge to find his father. An expedition which included Toar the caveman and Olive Oyl was set up to go to Barnacle Island. The ungrateful father answered Popeye's greeting with, "You look like something the cat dragged in... I don't like relatives." He came to Popeye's home anyway, followed by some mermaids with whom he had flirted.
Poopdeck Pappy made his first animated appearance in the Popeye the Sailor short Goonland (1938). In this cartoon, it is revealed that Popeye has a long-lost father, not seen since infancy, who is being held captive in the bizarre realm of Goon Island. When he goes to rescue the "ol' goat" in the Goon prison, his father refuses to acknowledge Popeye as his son, but when Popeye is himself captured by the Goons, Pappy eats Popeye's mislaid can of spinach to rescue his only child. In the mêlée that ensues, the filmstrip is supposedly broken and the projectionist must safety pin it back together to finish the cartoon.
Popeye is the spitting image of Poopdeck Pappy, though Pappy has a white beard. Pappy is far less principled than his son, stealing from Popeye's bank account and trying to sell water for $5,000 in Death Valley (to which Popeye, while pouring water for the parched traveler, tells Poopdeck, "I yam disgustipated wit' ya!"). There is no love lost between him and Olive Oyl, whom he calls a "lath-legged bean pole." (This stemmed from Poopdeck slugging Olive when they first met.) However, while he is grumpy and somewhat hostile, he is quite protective of Popeye, and does have a hidden soft side.
After Segar's death, Poopdeck's mother (called Granny who looks like her son and grandson, but wearing a bonnet) was introduced into the strip. She refuses to treat her son as an "eighty-five-year-old adult" (his age has been reduced from 99 to 85 in the comic strip) and often disciplines him after his raucous "nights on the town". She tends to be more amiable to Popeye, although she too believes that Olive needs a bit more meat on her bones. However, Olive agrees with how Granny keeps Pappy in the house, because when she does, the town is able to get a sound sleep. Granny is also notorious as being one of the worst cooks in the world.
In the Fleischer Studios shorts, Poopdeck Pappy and Popeye were both voiced by Jack Mercer.
Appearances
Goonland (1938)
My Pop, My Pop (1940)
Poopdeck Pappy (1940)
Problem Pappy (1941)
Quiet Pleeze (1941)
Child Psykolojiky (1941)
Pest Pilot (1941)
Popeyes Pappy (1952)
Ancient Fistory (1953)
Baby Wants a Battle (1953)
In Robert Altman's Popeye, Poopdeck Pappy is played by Ray Walston. He is the "Commodore" of Sweethaven, but gets kidnapped by Captain Bluto and must be saved by Popeye. When Popeye sees his bulging arms, "squinky" eye and his pipe, he recognizes his long-lost father—though, as in their meeting on Goon Island, Pappy initially refuses to accept that Popeye is his son.
He also appears in Popeye and Son, in "Poopdeck Pappy and the Family Tree". While he comes to help his grandson Junior with his school report, traces of the classic Pappy come shining through when describing their ancestors in greater unsavory detail (much to Junior's initial dismay).
Pappy's history with Popeye has gradually been retconned in modern times. In the 2004 TV special Popeye's Voyage: The Quest for Pappy, when Popeye and his friends find him, he is initially hostile to his son as depicted in earlier tellings of their separation, but it is later revealed Pappy's did not maliciously abandon Popeye, but in fact sought to protect him from the wrath of the Sea Hag, who had a vendetta with Pappy, by putting as much distance between them as possible so she wouldn't find him. Thus, by acting furious at being found, he hopes to drive him away and keep him safe. And in Genndy Tartakovsky's abandoned Popeye feature film project, which was briefly leaked to the public in 2022 in animatic form, Popeye's father, who is seen only in flashback and never referred to as "Poopdeck Pappy," is again depicted putting his infant son in what he believes to be a safe place in order to protect him from the Sea Hag; in addition, a gem stolen from the Sea Hag has been put in Popeye's swaddling clothes, which will serve as the McGuffin for her later pursuit of the adult Popeye in the film.
References
External links
Popeye | The Home of Popeye the Sailor Man
Animated human characters
Comics characters introduced in 1936
Fictional hermits
Fictional sailors
Male characters in animation
Male characters in comics
Popeye characters |
Marco Rossi is the name of:
Sports
Marco Rossi (decathlete) (born 1963), Italian decathlete
Marco Rossi (footballer, born 1964), Italian football defender and football coach
Marco Rossi (footballer, born 1978), Italian football midfielder
Marco Rossi (footballer, born 1987), Italian football defender
Marco Rossi (ice hockey), Austrian ice hockey player
Others
Marco Rossi (Metal Slug), a protagonist of the Metal Slug video game series
Marco Rossi (3000 Leagues in Search of Mother), the main character in 3000 Leagues in Search of Mother
See also
Rossi (surname) |
Bjerkvik Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bjerkvik. It is the church for the Bjerkvik parish which is part of the Ofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, concrete church was built in a long church style in 1955 using plans drawn up by the architects Arnstein Arneberg and Per Solemslie. The church seats about 320 people.
History
The first church was built in Bjerkvik in 1914. Allied forces destroyed it on 13 April 1940, during World War II. Its replacement was completed in 1955 and consecrated that same year on 14 August by the Bishop Wollert Krohn-Hansen.
Media gallery
See also
List of churches in Sør-Hålogaland
References
Narvik
Churches in Nordland
Wooden churches in Norway
20th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1955
1914 establishments in Norway
Long churches in Norway
Concrete churches in Norway |
Being Human may refer to:
Books
Being Human novels, a 2010 trilogy based on the British TV series
Being Human, a 2011 poetry anthology by Neil Astley
Being Human, a 2017 photo book by William Wegman
Being Human: Bodies, Minds, Persons, a 2018 book by Rowan Williams
Being Human: The Problem of Agency, a 2000 book by Margaret Archer
Film and television
Being Human (1994 film), a 1994 film starring Robin Williams
Being Human (2005 film), a 2005 film
Being Human (British TV series), a 2008–2013 BBC Three supernatural drama series
Being Human (North American TV series), a 2011–2014 North American remake
Other uses
Being Human (album), a 1999 album by Michael Peterson
Being Human Foundation, an Indian charity for education and healthcare
The human condition, or the unique features of being human
Being Human, one of the galleries of the Wellcome Collection
See also
Human Being (disambiguation) |
A wingman is a pilot who supports another in a potentially dangerous flying environment.
Wingman also may refer to:
Television
"Wingman" (Person of Interest), an episode of the television series Person of Interest
"Wingman" (Lucifer), an episode of the television series Lucifer
"Wingman" (Sanctuary), an episode of the television series Sanctuary
"Wingman" (Kim's Convenience), an episode of the television series Kim's Convenience
"The Wingman", an episode of the television series Schitt's Creek
Other uses
Wing-Man, a manga series
Wingmen (novel), a novel by Ensan Case
Wingman (social), a companion intended to facilitate social interaction
Wingman and Wingman 2, Enix home computer games
Ko Wing-man (born 1957), Hong Kong physician and politician
See also
Winger (disambiguation) |
```c
/*
* This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
* PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: path_to_url
*/
#include <config.h>
/* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 3.8.2. */
/* Bison implementation for Yacc-like parsers in C
Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url */
/* As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
as a parser skeleton. Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
version 2.2 of Bison. */
/* C LALR(1) parser skeleton written by Richard Stallman, by
simplifying the original so-called "semantic" parser. */
/* DO NOT RELY ON FEATURES THAT ARE NOT DOCUMENTED in the manual,
especially those whose name start with YY_ or yy_. They are
private implementation details that can be changed or removed. */
/* All symbols defined below should begin with yy or YY, to avoid
infringing on user name space. This should be done even for local
variables, as they might otherwise be expanded by user macros.
There are some unavoidable exceptions within include files to
define necessary library symbols; they are noted "INFRINGES ON
USER NAME SPACE" below. */
/* Identify Bison output, and Bison version. */
#define YYBISON 30802
/* Bison version string. */
#define YYBISON_VERSION "3.8.2"
/* Skeleton name. */
#define YYSKELETON_NAME "yacc.c"
/* Pure parsers. */
#define YYPURE 0
/* Push parsers. */
#define YYPUSH 0
/* Pull parsers. */
#define YYPULL 1
/* First part of user prologue. */
#line 1 "getdate.y"
/*
** Originally written by Steven M. Bellovin <smb@research.att.com> while
** at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Later tweaked by
** a couple of people on Usenet. Completely overhauled by Rich $alz
** <rsalz@bbn.com> and Jim Berets <jberets@bbn.com> in August, 1990;
**
** This grammar has 10 shift/reduce conflicts.
**
** This code is in the public domain and has no copyright.
*/
/* SUPPRESS 287 on yaccpar_sccsid *//* Unused static variable */
/* SUPPRESS 288 on yyerrlab *//* Label unused */
// PVS Studio suppression
// -V::560, 592, 1037, 1042
#include <config.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
# include <stdint.h>
#elif defined(HAVE_INTTYPES_H)
# include <inttypes.h>
#endif
#include <time.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sudo_compat.h>
#define EPOCH 1970
#define HOUR(x) ((time_t)(x) * 60)
#define SECSPERDAY (24L * 60L * 60L)
/*
** An entry in the lexical lookup table.
*/
typedef struct _TABLE {
const char *name;
int type;
time_t value;
} TABLE;
/*
** Daylight-savings mode: on, off, or not yet known.
*/
typedef enum _DSTMODE {
DSTon, DSToff, DSTmaybe
} DSTMODE;
/*
** Meridian: am, pm, or 24-hour style.
*/
typedef enum _MERIDIAN {
MERam, MERpm, MER24
} MERIDIAN;
/*
** Global variables. We could get rid of most of these by using a good
** union as the yacc stack. (This routine was originally written before
** yacc had the %union construct.) Maybe someday; right now we only use
** the %union very rarely.
*/
static char *yyInput;
static DSTMODE yyDSTmode;
static time_t yyDayOrdinal;
static time_t yyDayNumber;
static int yyHaveDate;
static int yyHaveDay;
static int yyHaveRel;
static int yyHaveTime;
static int yyHaveZone;
static time_t yyTimezone;
static time_t yyDay;
static time_t yyHour;
static time_t yyMinutes;
static time_t yyMonth;
static time_t yySeconds;
static time_t yyYear;
static MERIDIAN yyMeridian;
static time_t yyRelMonth;
static time_t yyRelSeconds;
static int yylex(void);
int yyparse(void);
void yyerror(const char *s);
#line 167 "getdate.c"
# ifndef YY_CAST
# ifdef __cplusplus
# define YY_CAST(Type, Val) static_cast<Type> (Val)
# define YY_REINTERPRET_CAST(Type, Val) reinterpret_cast<Type> (Val)
# else
# define YY_CAST(Type, Val) ((Type) (Val))
# define YY_REINTERPRET_CAST(Type, Val) ((Type) (Val))
# endif
# endif
# ifndef YY_NULLPTR
# if defined __cplusplus
# if 201103L <= __cplusplus
# define YY_NULLPTR nullptr
# else
# define YY_NULLPTR 0
# endif
# else
# define YY_NULLPTR ((void*)0)
# endif
# endif
/* Debug traces. */
#ifndef YYDEBUG
# define YYDEBUG 0
#endif
#if YYDEBUG
extern int yydebug;
#endif
/* Token kinds. */
#ifndef YYTOKENTYPE
# define YYTOKENTYPE
enum yytokentype
{
YYEMPTY = -2,
YYEOF = 0, /* "end of file" */
YYerror = 256, /* error */
YYUNDEF = 257, /* "invalid token" */
tAGO = 258, /* tAGO */
tID = 259, /* tID */
tDST = 260, /* tDST */
tDAY = 261, /* tDAY */
tDAYZONE = 262, /* tDAYZONE */
tMINUTE_UNIT = 263, /* tMINUTE_UNIT */
tMONTH = 264, /* tMONTH */
tMONTH_UNIT = 265, /* tMONTH_UNIT */
tSEC_UNIT = 266, /* tSEC_UNIT */
tSNUMBER = 267, /* tSNUMBER */
tUNUMBER = 268, /* tUNUMBER */
tZONE = 269, /* tZONE */
tMERIDIAN = 270 /* tMERIDIAN */
};
typedef enum yytokentype yytoken_kind_t;
#endif
/* Token kinds. */
#define YYEMPTY -2
#define YYEOF 0
#define YYerror 256
#define YYUNDEF 257
#define tAGO 258
#define tID 259
#define tDST 260
#define tDAY 261
#define tDAYZONE 262
#define tMINUTE_UNIT 263
#define tMONTH 264
#define tMONTH_UNIT 265
#define tSEC_UNIT 266
#define tSNUMBER 267
#define tUNUMBER 268
#define tZONE 269
#define tMERIDIAN 270
/* Value type. */
#if ! defined YYSTYPE && ! defined YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED
union YYSTYPE
{
#line 97 "getdate.y"
time_t Number;
enum _MERIDIAN Meridian;
#line 252 "getdate.c"
};
typedef union YYSTYPE YYSTYPE;
# define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1
# define YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED 1
#endif
extern YYSTYPE yylval;
int yyparse (void);
/* Symbol kind. */
enum yysymbol_kind_t
{
YYSYMBOL_YYEMPTY = -2,
YYSYMBOL_YYEOF = 0, /* "end of file" */
YYSYMBOL_YYerror = 1, /* error */
YYSYMBOL_YYUNDEF = 2, /* "invalid token" */
YYSYMBOL_tAGO = 3, /* tAGO */
YYSYMBOL_tID = 4, /* tID */
YYSYMBOL_tDST = 5, /* tDST */
YYSYMBOL_tDAY = 6, /* tDAY */
YYSYMBOL_tDAYZONE = 7, /* tDAYZONE */
YYSYMBOL_tMINUTE_UNIT = 8, /* tMINUTE_UNIT */
YYSYMBOL_tMONTH = 9, /* tMONTH */
YYSYMBOL_tMONTH_UNIT = 10, /* tMONTH_UNIT */
YYSYMBOL_tSEC_UNIT = 11, /* tSEC_UNIT */
YYSYMBOL_tSNUMBER = 12, /* tSNUMBER */
YYSYMBOL_tUNUMBER = 13, /* tUNUMBER */
YYSYMBOL_tZONE = 14, /* tZONE */
YYSYMBOL_tMERIDIAN = 15, /* tMERIDIAN */
YYSYMBOL_16_ = 16, /* ':' */
YYSYMBOL_17_ = 17, /* ',' */
YYSYMBOL_18_ = 18, /* '/' */
YYSYMBOL_YYACCEPT = 19, /* $accept */
YYSYMBOL_spec = 20, /* spec */
YYSYMBOL_item = 21, /* item */
YYSYMBOL_time = 22, /* time */
YYSYMBOL_zone = 23, /* zone */
YYSYMBOL_day = 24, /* day */
YYSYMBOL_date = 25, /* date */
YYSYMBOL_rel = 26, /* rel */
YYSYMBOL_relunit = 27, /* relunit */
YYSYMBOL_number = 28, /* number */
YYSYMBOL_o_merid = 29 /* o_merid */
};
typedef enum yysymbol_kind_t yysymbol_kind_t;
#ifdef short
# undef short
#endif
/* On compilers that do not define __PTRDIFF_MAX__ etc., make sure
<limits.h> and (if available) <stdint.h> are included
so that the code can choose integer types of a good width. */
#ifndef __PTRDIFF_MAX__
# include <limits.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# if defined HAVE_STDINT_H
# include <stdint.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# define YY_STDINT_H
# endif
#endif
/* Narrow types that promote to a signed type and that can represent a
signed or unsigned integer of at least N bits. In tables they can
save space and decrease cache pressure. Promoting to a signed type
helps avoid bugs in integer arithmetic. */
#ifdef __INT_LEAST8_MAX__
typedef __INT_LEAST8_TYPE__ yytype_int8;
#elif defined YY_STDINT_H
typedef int_least8_t yytype_int8;
#else
typedef signed char yytype_int8;
#endif
#ifdef __INT_LEAST16_MAX__
typedef __INT_LEAST16_TYPE__ yytype_int16;
#elif defined YY_STDINT_H
typedef int_least16_t yytype_int16;
#else
typedef short yytype_int16;
#endif
/* Work around bug in HP-UX 11.23, which defines these macros
incorrectly for preprocessor constants. This workaround can likely
be removed in 2023, as HPE has promised support for HP-UX 11.23
(aka HP-UX 11i v2) only through the end of 2022; see Table 2 of
<path_to_url */
#ifdef __hpux
# undef UINT_LEAST8_MAX
# undef UINT_LEAST16_MAX
# define UINT_LEAST8_MAX 255
# define UINT_LEAST16_MAX 65535
#endif
#if defined __UINT_LEAST8_MAX__ && __UINT_LEAST8_MAX__ <= __INT_MAX__
typedef __UINT_LEAST8_TYPE__ yytype_uint8;
#elif (!defined __UINT_LEAST8_MAX__ && defined YY_STDINT_H \
&& UINT_LEAST8_MAX <= INT_MAX)
typedef uint_least8_t yytype_uint8;
#elif !defined __UINT_LEAST8_MAX__ && UCHAR_MAX <= INT_MAX
typedef unsigned char yytype_uint8;
#else
typedef short yytype_uint8;
#endif
#if defined __UINT_LEAST16_MAX__ && __UINT_LEAST16_MAX__ <= __INT_MAX__
typedef __UINT_LEAST16_TYPE__ yytype_uint16;
#elif (!defined __UINT_LEAST16_MAX__ && defined YY_STDINT_H \
&& UINT_LEAST16_MAX <= INT_MAX)
typedef uint_least16_t yytype_uint16;
#elif !defined __UINT_LEAST16_MAX__ && USHRT_MAX <= INT_MAX
typedef unsigned short yytype_uint16;
#else
typedef int yytype_uint16;
#endif
#ifndef YYPTRDIFF_T
# if defined __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ && defined __PTRDIFF_MAX__
# define YYPTRDIFF_T __PTRDIFF_TYPE__
# define YYPTRDIFF_MAXIMUM __PTRDIFF_MAX__
# elif defined PTRDIFF_MAX
# ifndef ptrdiff_t
# include <stddef.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# endif
# define YYPTRDIFF_T ptrdiff_t
# define YYPTRDIFF_MAXIMUM PTRDIFF_MAX
# else
# define YYPTRDIFF_T long
# define YYPTRDIFF_MAXIMUM LONG_MAX
# endif
#endif
#ifndef YYSIZE_T
# ifdef __SIZE_TYPE__
# define YYSIZE_T __SIZE_TYPE__
# elif defined size_t
# define YYSIZE_T size_t
# elif defined __STDC_VERSION__ && 199901 <= __STDC_VERSION__
# include <stddef.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# define YYSIZE_T size_t
# else
# define YYSIZE_T unsigned
# endif
#endif
#define YYSIZE_MAXIMUM \
YY_CAST (YYPTRDIFF_T, \
(YYPTRDIFF_MAXIMUM < YY_CAST (YYSIZE_T, -1) \
? YYPTRDIFF_MAXIMUM \
: YY_CAST (YYSIZE_T, -1)))
#define YYSIZEOF(X) YY_CAST (YYPTRDIFF_T, sizeof (X))
/* Stored state numbers (used for stacks). */
typedef yytype_int8 yy_state_t;
/* State numbers in computations. */
typedef int yy_state_fast_t;
#ifndef YY_
# if defined YYENABLE_NLS && YYENABLE_NLS
# if ENABLE_NLS
# include <libintl.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# define YY_(Msgid) dgettext ("bison-runtime", Msgid)
# endif
# endif
# ifndef YY_
# define YY_(Msgid) Msgid
# endif
#endif
#ifndef YY_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
# if defined __GNUC__ && 2 < __GNUC__ + (96 <= __GNUC_MINOR__)
# define YY_ATTRIBUTE_PURE __attribute__ ((__pure__))
# else
# define YY_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
# endif
#endif
#ifndef YY_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
# if defined __GNUC__ && 2 < __GNUC__ + (7 <= __GNUC_MINOR__)
# define YY_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
# else
# define YY_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
# endif
#endif
/* Suppress unused-variable warnings by "using" E. */
#if ! defined lint || defined __GNUC__
# define YY_USE(E) ((void) (E))
#else
# define YY_USE(E) /* empty */
#endif
/* Suppress an incorrect diagnostic about yylval being uninitialized. */
#if defined __GNUC__ && ! defined __ICC && 406 <= __GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__
# if __GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ < 407
# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic push") \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wuninitialized\"")
# else
# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic push") \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wuninitialized\"") \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wmaybe-uninitialized\"")
# endif
# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic pop")
#else
# define YY_INITIAL_VALUE(Value) Value
#endif
#ifndef YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
#endif
#ifndef YY_INITIAL_VALUE
# define YY_INITIAL_VALUE(Value) /* Nothing. */
#endif
#if defined __cplusplus && defined __GNUC__ && ! defined __ICC && 6 <= __GNUC__
# define YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_BEGIN \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic push") \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wuseless-cast\"")
# define YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_END \
_Pragma ("GCC diagnostic pop")
#endif
#ifndef YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_BEGIN
# define YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_BEGIN
# define YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_END
#endif
#define YY_ASSERT(E) ((void) (0 && (E)))
#if !defined yyoverflow
/* The parser invokes alloca or malloc; define the necessary symbols. */
# ifdef YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
# if YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
# ifdef __GNUC__
# define YYSTACK_ALLOC __builtin_alloca
# elif defined __BUILTIN_VA_ARG_INCR
# include <alloca.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# elif defined _AIX
# define YYSTACK_ALLOC __alloca
# elif defined _MSC_VER
# include <malloc.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# define alloca _alloca
# else
# define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca
# if ! defined _ALLOCA_H && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS
# include <stdlib.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
/* Use EXIT_SUCCESS as a witness for stdlib.h. */
# ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
# define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
# endif
# endif
# endif
# endif
# endif
# ifdef YYSTACK_ALLOC
/* Pacify GCC's 'empty if-body' warning. */
# define YYSTACK_FREE(Ptr) do { /* empty */; } while (0)
# ifndef YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM
/* The OS might guarantee only one guard page at the bottom of the stack,
and a page size can be as small as 4096 bytes. So we cannot safely
invoke alloca (N) if N exceeds 4096. Use a slightly smaller number
to allow for a few compiler-allocated temporary stack slots. */
# define YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM 4032 /* reasonable circa 2006 */
# endif
# else
# define YYSTACK_ALLOC YYMALLOC
# define YYSTACK_FREE YYFREE
# ifndef YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM
# define YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM YYSIZE_MAXIMUM
# endif
# if (defined __cplusplus && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS \
&& ! ((defined YYMALLOC || defined malloc) \
&& (defined YYFREE || defined free)))
# include <stdlib.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
# define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
# endif
# endif
# ifndef YYMALLOC
# define YYMALLOC malloc
# if ! defined malloc && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS
void *malloc (YYSIZE_T); /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# endif
# endif
# ifndef YYFREE
# define YYFREE free
# if ! defined free && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS
void free (void *); /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# endif
# endif
# endif
#endif /* !defined yyoverflow */
#if (! defined yyoverflow \
&& (! defined __cplusplus \
|| (defined YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL && YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL)))
/* A type that is properly aligned for any stack member. */
union yyalloc
{
yy_state_t yyss_alloc;
YYSTYPE yyvs_alloc;
};
/* The size of the maximum gap between one aligned stack and the next. */
# define YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM (YYSIZEOF (union yyalloc) - 1)
/* The size of an array large to enough to hold all stacks, each with
N elements. */
# define YYSTACK_BYTES(N) \
((N) * (YYSIZEOF (yy_state_t) + YYSIZEOF (YYSTYPE)) \
+ YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM)
# define YYCOPY_NEEDED 1
/* Relocate STACK from its old location to the new one. The
local variables YYSIZE and YYSTACKSIZE give the old and new number of
elements in the stack, and YYPTR gives the new location of the
stack. Advance YYPTR to a properly aligned location for the next
stack. */
# define YYSTACK_RELOCATE(Stack_alloc, Stack) \
do \
{ \
YYPTRDIFF_T yynewbytes; \
YYCOPY (&yyptr->Stack_alloc, Stack, yysize); \
Stack = &yyptr->Stack_alloc; \
yynewbytes = yystacksize * YYSIZEOF (*Stack) + YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM; \
yyptr += yynewbytes / YYSIZEOF (*yyptr); \
} \
while (0)
#endif
#if defined YYCOPY_NEEDED && YYCOPY_NEEDED
/* Copy COUNT objects from SRC to DST. The source and destination do
not overlap. */
# ifndef YYCOPY
# if defined __GNUC__ && 1 < __GNUC__
# define YYCOPY(Dst, Src, Count) \
__builtin_memcpy (Dst, Src, YY_CAST (YYSIZE_T, (Count)) * sizeof (*(Src)))
# else
# define YYCOPY(Dst, Src, Count) \
do \
{ \
YYPTRDIFF_T yyi; \
for (yyi = 0; yyi < (Count); yyi++) \
(Dst)[yyi] = (Src)[yyi]; \
} \
while (0)
# endif
# endif
#endif /* !YYCOPY_NEEDED */
/* YYFINAL -- State number of the termination state. */
#define YYFINAL 2
/* YYLAST -- Last index in YYTABLE. */
#define YYLAST 41
/* YYNTOKENS -- Number of terminals. */
#define YYNTOKENS 19
/* YYNNTS -- Number of nonterminals. */
#define YYNNTS 11
/* YYNRULES -- Number of rules. */
#define YYNRULES 42
/* YYNSTATES -- Number of states. */
#define YYNSTATES 52
/* YYMAXUTOK -- Last valid token kind. */
#define YYMAXUTOK 270
/* YYTRANSLATE(TOKEN-NUM) -- Symbol number corresponding to TOKEN-NUM
as returned by yylex, with out-of-bounds checking. */
#define YYTRANSLATE(YYX) \
(0 <= (YYX) && (YYX) <= YYMAXUTOK \
? YY_CAST (yysymbol_kind_t, yytranslate[YYX]) \
: YYSYMBOL_YYUNDEF)
/* YYTRANSLATE[TOKEN-NUM] -- Symbol number corresponding to TOKEN-NUM
as returned by yylex. */
static const yytype_int8 yytranslate[] =
{
0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 17, 2, 2, 18, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 16, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15
};
#if YYDEBUG
/* YYRLINE[YYN] -- Source line where rule number YYN was defined. */
static const yytype_int16 yyrline[] =
{
0, 111, 111, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130,
133, 139, 145, 152, 158, 168, 172, 177, 183, 187,
191, 197, 201, 212, 218, 224, 228, 233, 237, 244,
248, 251, 254, 257, 260, 263, 266, 269, 272, 275,
280, 307, 310
};
#endif
/** Accessing symbol of state STATE. */
#define YY_ACCESSING_SYMBOL(State) YY_CAST (yysymbol_kind_t, yystos[State])
#if YYDEBUG || 0
/* The user-facing name of the symbol whose (internal) number is
YYSYMBOL. No bounds checking. */
static const char *yysymbol_name (yysymbol_kind_t yysymbol) YY_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
/* YYTNAME[SYMBOL-NUM] -- String name of the symbol SYMBOL-NUM.
First, the terminals, then, starting at YYNTOKENS, nonterminals. */
static const char *const yytname[] =
{
"\"end of file\"", "error", "\"invalid token\"", "tAGO", "tID", "tDST",
"tDAY", "tDAYZONE", "tMINUTE_UNIT", "tMONTH", "tMONTH_UNIT", "tSEC_UNIT",
"tSNUMBER", "tUNUMBER", "tZONE", "tMERIDIAN", "':'", "','", "'/'",
"$accept", "spec", "item", "time", "zone", "day", "date", "rel",
"relunit", "number", "o_merid", YY_NULLPTR
};
static const char *
yysymbol_name (yysymbol_kind_t yysymbol)
{
return yytname[yysymbol];
}
#endif
#define YYPACT_NINF (-12)
#define yypact_value_is_default(Yyn) \
((Yyn) == YYPACT_NINF)
#define YYTABLE_NINF (-1)
#define yytable_value_is_error(Yyn) \
0
/* YYPACT[STATE-NUM] -- Index in YYTABLE of the portion describing
STATE-NUM. */
static const yytype_int8 yypact[] =
{
-12, 0, -12, -1, -12, -12, 10, -12, -12, 18,
9, 17, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12, 27, -12,
-12, 15, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12, -10, -12, -12,
21, -12, 22, 23, -12, -12, 24, -12, -12, -12,
-11, 20, -12, -12, -12, 26, -12, 28, 19, -12,
-12, -12
};
/* YYDEFACT[STATE-NUM] -- Default reduction number in state STATE-NUM.
Performed when YYTABLE does not specify something else to do. Zero
means the default is an error. */
static const yytype_int8 yydefact[] =
{
2, 0, 1, 18, 16, 33, 0, 39, 36, 0,
40, 15, 3, 4, 5, 7, 6, 8, 30, 9,
19, 25, 32, 37, 34, 20, 31, 27, 38, 35,
0, 10, 0, 0, 17, 29, 0, 24, 28, 23,
41, 21, 26, 12, 42, 0, 11, 0, 41, 22,
14, 13
};
/* YYPGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */
static const yytype_int8 yypgoto[] =
{
-12, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12, -12,
-8
};
/* YYDEFGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */
static const yytype_int8 yydefgoto[] =
{
0, 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
46
};
/* YYTABLE[YYPACT[STATE-NUM]] -- What to do in state STATE-NUM. If
positive, shift that token. If negative, reduce the rule whose
number is the opposite. If YYTABLE_NINF, syntax error. */
static const yytype_int8 yytable[] =
{
2, 43, 37, 38, 44, 45, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 25, 20, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 34, 21, 31, 32, 22, 33, 23, 24,
35, 50, 36, 39, 44, 40, 41, 42, 47, 48,
51, 49
};
static const yytype_int8 yycheck[] =
{
0, 12, 12, 13, 15, 16, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 6, 17, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 5, 13, 15, 16, 8, 18, 10, 11,
3, 12, 17, 12, 15, 13, 13, 13, 18, 13,
48, 13
};
/* YYSTOS[STATE-NUM] -- The symbol kind of the accessing symbol of
state STATE-NUM. */
static const yytype_int8 yystos[] =
{
0, 20, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
17, 13, 8, 10, 11, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 15, 16, 18, 5, 3, 17, 12, 13, 12,
13, 13, 13, 12, 15, 16, 29, 18, 13, 13,
12, 29
};
/* YYR1[RULE-NUM] -- Symbol kind of the left-hand side of rule RULE-NUM. */
static const yytype_int8 yyr1[] =
{
0, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21,
22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 24, 24,
24, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 26,
26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27,
28, 29, 29
};
/* YYR2[RULE-NUM] -- Number of symbols on the right-hand side of rule RULE-NUM. */
static const yytype_int8 yyr2[] =
{
0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2,
2, 3, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 2,
1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1,
1, 0, 1
};
enum { YYENOMEM = -2 };
#define yyerrok (yyerrstatus = 0)
#define yyclearin (yychar = YYEMPTY)
#define YYACCEPT goto yyacceptlab
#define YYABORT goto yyabortlab
#define YYERROR goto yyerrorlab
#define YYNOMEM goto yyexhaustedlab
#define YYRECOVERING() (!!yyerrstatus)
#define YYBACKUP(Token, Value) \
do \
if (yychar == YYEMPTY) \
{ \
yychar = (Token); \
yylval = (Value); \
YYPOPSTACK (yylen); \
yystate = *yyssp; \
goto yybackup; \
} \
else \
{ \
yyerror (YY_("syntax error: cannot back up")); \
YYERROR; \
} \
while (0)
/* Backward compatibility with an undocumented macro.
Use YYerror or YYUNDEF. */
#define YYERRCODE YYUNDEF
/* Enable debugging if requested. */
#if YYDEBUG
# ifndef YYFPRINTF
# include <stdio.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
# define YYFPRINTF fprintf
# endif
# define YYDPRINTF(Args) \
do { \
if (yydebug) \
YYFPRINTF Args; \
} while (0)
# define YY_SYMBOL_PRINT(Title, Kind, Value, Location) \
do { \
if (yydebug) \
{ \
YYFPRINTF (stderr, "%s ", Title); \
yy_symbol_print (stderr, \
Kind, Value); \
YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n"); \
} \
} while (0)
/*-----------------------------------.
| Print this symbol's value on YYO. |
`-----------------------------------*/
static void
yy_symbol_value_print (FILE *yyo,
yysymbol_kind_t yykind, YYSTYPE const * const yyvaluep)
{
FILE *yyoutput = yyo;
YY_USE (yyoutput);
if (!yyvaluep)
return;
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
YY_USE (yykind);
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
}
/*---------------------------.
| Print this symbol on YYO. |
`---------------------------*/
static void
yy_symbol_print (FILE *yyo,
yysymbol_kind_t yykind, YYSTYPE const * const yyvaluep)
{
YYFPRINTF (yyo, "%s %s (",
yykind < YYNTOKENS ? "token" : "nterm", yysymbol_name (yykind));
yy_symbol_value_print (yyo, yykind, yyvaluep);
YYFPRINTF (yyo, ")");
}
/*your_sha256_hash--.
| yy_stack_print -- Print the state stack from its BOTTOM up to its |
| TOP (included). |
`your_sha256_hash--*/
static void
yy_stack_print (yy_state_t *yybottom, yy_state_t *yytop)
{
YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Stack now");
for (; yybottom <= yytop; yybottom++)
{
int yybot = *yybottom;
YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", yybot);
}
YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");
}
# define YY_STACK_PRINT(Bottom, Top) \
do { \
if (yydebug) \
yy_stack_print ((Bottom), (Top)); \
} while (0)
/*------------------------------------------------.
| Report that the YYRULE is going to be reduced. |
`------------------------------------------------*/
static void
yy_reduce_print (yy_state_t *yyssp, YYSTYPE *yyvsp,
int yyrule)
{
int yylno = yyrline[yyrule];
int yynrhs = yyr2[yyrule];
int yyi;
YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Reducing stack by rule %d (line %d):\n",
yyrule - 1, yylno);
/* The symbols being reduced. */
for (yyi = 0; yyi < yynrhs; yyi++)
{
YYFPRINTF (stderr, " $%d = ", yyi + 1);
yy_symbol_print (stderr,
YY_ACCESSING_SYMBOL (+yyssp[yyi + 1 - yynrhs]),
&yyvsp[(yyi + 1) - (yynrhs)]);
YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");
}
}
# define YY_REDUCE_PRINT(Rule) \
do { \
if (yydebug) \
yy_reduce_print (yyssp, yyvsp, Rule); \
} while (0)
/* Nonzero means print parse trace. It is left uninitialized so that
multiple parsers can coexist. */
int yydebug;
#else /* !YYDEBUG */
# define YYDPRINTF(Args) ((void) 0)
# define YY_SYMBOL_PRINT(Title, Kind, Value, Location)
# define YY_STACK_PRINT(Bottom, Top)
# define YY_REDUCE_PRINT(Rule)
#endif /* !YYDEBUG */
/* YYINITDEPTH -- initial size of the parser's stacks. */
#ifndef YYINITDEPTH
# define YYINITDEPTH 200
#endif
/* YYMAXDEPTH -- maximum size the stacks can grow to (effective only
if the built-in stack extension method is used).
Do not make this value too large; the results are undefined if
YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM < YYSTACK_BYTES (YYMAXDEPTH)
evaluated with infinite-precision integer arithmetic. */
#ifndef YYMAXDEPTH
# define YYMAXDEPTH 10000
#endif
/*-----------------------------------------------.
| Release the memory associated to this symbol. |
`-----------------------------------------------*/
static void
yydestruct (const char *yymsg,
yysymbol_kind_t yykind, YYSTYPE *yyvaluep)
{
YY_USE (yyvaluep);
if (!yymsg)
yymsg = "Deleting";
YY_SYMBOL_PRINT (yymsg, yykind, yyvaluep, yylocationp);
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
YY_USE (yykind);
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
}
/* Lookahead token kind. */
int yychar;
/* The semantic value of the lookahead symbol. */
YYSTYPE yylval;
/* Number of syntax errors so far. */
int yynerrs;
/*----------.
| yyparse. |
`----------*/
int
yyparse (void)
{
yy_state_fast_t yystate = 0;
/* Number of tokens to shift before error messages enabled. */
int yyerrstatus = 0;
/* Refer to the stacks through separate pointers, to allow yyoverflow
to reallocate them elsewhere. */
/* Their size. */
YYPTRDIFF_T yystacksize = YYINITDEPTH;
/* The state stack: array, bottom, top. */
yy_state_t yyssa[YYINITDEPTH];
yy_state_t *yyss = yyssa;
yy_state_t *yyssp = yyss;
/* The semantic value stack: array, bottom, top. */
YYSTYPE yyvsa[YYINITDEPTH];
YYSTYPE *yyvs = yyvsa;
YYSTYPE *yyvsp = yyvs;
int yyn;
/* The return value of yyparse. */
int yyresult;
/* Lookahead symbol kind. */
yysymbol_kind_t yytoken = YYSYMBOL_YYEMPTY;
/* The variables used to return semantic value and location from the
action routines. */
YYSTYPE yyval;
#define YYPOPSTACK(N) (yyvsp -= (N), yyssp -= (N))
/* The number of symbols on the RHS of the reduced rule.
Keep to zero when no symbol should be popped. */
int yylen = 0;
YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Starting parse\n"));
yychar = YYEMPTY; /* Cause a token to be read. */
goto yysetstate;
/*------------------------------------------------------------.
| yynewstate -- push a new state, which is found in yystate. |
`------------------------------------------------------------*/
yynewstate:
/* In all cases, when you get here, the value and location stacks
have just been pushed. So pushing a state here evens the stacks. */
yyssp++;
/*your_sha256_hash----.
| yysetstate -- set current state (the top of the stack) to yystate. |
`your_sha256_hash----*/
yysetstate:
YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Entering state %d\n", yystate));
YY_ASSERT (0 <= yystate && yystate < YYNSTATES);
YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_BEGIN
*yyssp = YY_CAST (yy_state_t, yystate);
YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_END
YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
if (yyss + yystacksize - 1 <= yyssp)
#if !defined yyoverflow && !defined YYSTACK_RELOCATE
YYNOMEM;
#else
{
/* Get the current used size of the three stacks, in elements. */
YYPTRDIFF_T yysize = yyssp - yyss + 1;
# if defined yyoverflow
{
/* Give user a chance to reallocate the stack. Use copies of
these so that the &'s don't force the real ones into
memory. */
yy_state_t *yyss1 = yyss;
YYSTYPE *yyvs1 = yyvs;
/* Each stack pointer address is followed by the size of the
data in use in that stack, in bytes. This used to be a
conditional around just the two extra args, but that might
be undefined if yyoverflow is a macro. */
yyoverflow (YY_("memory exhausted"),
&yyss1, yysize * YYSIZEOF (*yyssp),
&yyvs1, yysize * YYSIZEOF (*yyvsp),
&yystacksize);
yyss = yyss1;
yyvs = yyvs1;
}
# else /* defined YYSTACK_RELOCATE */
/* Extend the stack our own way. */
if (YYMAXDEPTH <= yystacksize)
YYNOMEM;
yystacksize *= 2;
if (YYMAXDEPTH < yystacksize)
yystacksize = YYMAXDEPTH;
{
yy_state_t *yyss1 = yyss;
union yyalloc *yyptr =
YY_CAST (union yyalloc *,
YYSTACK_ALLOC (YY_CAST (YYSIZE_T, YYSTACK_BYTES (yystacksize))));
if (! yyptr)
YYNOMEM;
YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyss_alloc, yyss);
YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyvs_alloc, yyvs);
# undef YYSTACK_RELOCATE
if (yyss1 != yyssa)
YYSTACK_FREE (yyss1);
}
# endif
yyssp = yyss + yysize - 1;
yyvsp = yyvs + yysize - 1;
YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_BEGIN
YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Stack size increased to %ld\n",
YY_CAST (long, yystacksize)));
YY_IGNORE_USELESS_CAST_END
if (yyss + yystacksize - 1 <= yyssp)
YYABORT;
}
#endif /* !defined yyoverflow && !defined YYSTACK_RELOCATE */
if (yystate == YYFINAL)
YYACCEPT;
goto yybackup;
/*-----------.
| yybackup. |
`-----------*/
yybackup:
/* Do appropriate processing given the current state. Read a
lookahead token if we need one and don't already have one. */
/* First try to decide what to do without reference to lookahead token. */
yyn = yypact[yystate];
if (yypact_value_is_default (yyn))
goto yydefault;
/* Not known => get a lookahead token if don't already have one. */
/* YYCHAR is either empty, or end-of-input, or a valid lookahead. */
if (yychar == YYEMPTY)
{
YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Reading a token\n"));
yychar = yylex ();
}
if (yychar <= YYEOF)
{
yychar = YYEOF;
yytoken = YYSYMBOL_YYEOF;
YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Now at end of input.\n"));
}
else if (yychar == YYerror)
{
/* The scanner already issued an error message, process directly
to error recovery. But do not keep the error token as
lookahead, it is too special and may lead us to an endless
loop in error recovery. */
yychar = YYUNDEF;
yytoken = YYSYMBOL_YYerror;
goto yyerrlab1;
}
else
{
yytoken = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("Next token is", yytoken, &yylval, &yylloc);
}
/* If the proper action on seeing token YYTOKEN is to reduce or to
detect an error, take that action. */
yyn += yytoken;
if (yyn < 0 || YYLAST < yyn || yycheck[yyn] != yytoken)
goto yydefault;
yyn = yytable[yyn];
if (yyn <= 0)
{
if (yytable_value_is_error (yyn))
goto yyerrlab;
yyn = -yyn;
goto yyreduce;
}
/* Count tokens shifted since error; after three, turn off error
status. */
if (yyerrstatus)
yyerrstatus--;
/* Shift the lookahead token. */
YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("Shifting", yytoken, &yylval, &yylloc);
yystate = yyn;
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
*++yyvsp = yylval;
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
/* Discard the shifted token. */
yychar = YYEMPTY;
goto yynewstate;
/*-----------------------------------------------------------.
| yydefault -- do the default action for the current state. |
`-----------------------------------------------------------*/
yydefault:
yyn = yydefact[yystate];
if (yyn == 0)
goto yyerrlab;
goto yyreduce;
/*-----------------------------.
| yyreduce -- do a reduction. |
`-----------------------------*/
yyreduce:
/* yyn is the number of a rule to reduce with. */
yylen = yyr2[yyn];
/* If YYLEN is nonzero, implement the default value of the action:
'$$ = $1'.
Otherwise, the following line sets YYVAL to garbage.
This behavior is undocumented and Bison
users should not rely upon it. Assigning to YYVAL
unconditionally makes the parser a bit smaller, and it avoids a
GCC warning that YYVAL may be used uninitialized. */
yyval = yyvsp[1-yylen];
YY_REDUCE_PRINT (yyn);
switch (yyn)
{
case 4: /* item: time */
#line 115 "getdate.y"
{
yyHaveTime++;
}
#line 1290 "getdate.c"
break;
case 5: /* item: zone */
#line 118 "getdate.y"
{
yyHaveZone++;
}
#line 1298 "getdate.c"
break;
case 6: /* item: date */
#line 121 "getdate.y"
{
yyHaveDate++;
}
#line 1306 "getdate.c"
break;
case 7: /* item: day */
#line 124 "getdate.y"
{
yyHaveDay++;
}
#line 1314 "getdate.c"
break;
case 8: /* item: rel */
#line 127 "getdate.y"
{
yyHaveRel++;
}
#line 1322 "getdate.c"
break;
case 10: /* time: tUNUMBER tMERIDIAN */
#line 133 "getdate.y"
{
yyHour = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyMinutes = 0;
yySeconds = 0;
yyMeridian = (yyvsp[0].Meridian);
}
#line 1333 "getdate.c"
break;
case 11: /* time: tUNUMBER ':' tUNUMBER o_merid */
#line 139 "getdate.y"
{
yyHour = (yyvsp[-3].Number);
yyMinutes = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yySeconds = 0;
yyMeridian = (yyvsp[0].Meridian);
}
#line 1344 "getdate.c"
break;
case 12: /* time: tUNUMBER ':' tUNUMBER tSNUMBER */
#line 145 "getdate.y"
{
yyHour = (yyvsp[-3].Number);
yyMinutes = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyMeridian = MER24;
yyDSTmode = DSToff;
yyTimezone = - ((yyvsp[0].Number) % 100 + ((yyvsp[0].Number) / 100) * 60);
}
#line 1356 "getdate.c"
break;
case 13: /* time: tUNUMBER ':' tUNUMBER ':' tUNUMBER o_merid */
#line 152 "getdate.y"
{
yyHour = (yyvsp[-5].Number);
yyMinutes = (yyvsp[-3].Number);
yySeconds = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyMeridian = (yyvsp[0].Meridian);
}
#line 1367 "getdate.c"
break;
case 14: /* time: tUNUMBER ':' tUNUMBER ':' tUNUMBER tSNUMBER */
#line 158 "getdate.y"
{
yyHour = (yyvsp[-5].Number);
yyMinutes = (yyvsp[-3].Number);
yySeconds = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyMeridian = MER24;
yyDSTmode = DSToff;
yyTimezone = - ((yyvsp[0].Number) % 100 + ((yyvsp[0].Number) / 100) * 60);
}
#line 1380 "getdate.c"
break;
case 15: /* zone: tZONE */
#line 168 "getdate.y"
{
yyTimezone = (yyvsp[0].Number);
yyDSTmode = DSToff;
}
#line 1389 "getdate.c"
break;
case 16: /* zone: tDAYZONE */
#line 172 "getdate.y"
{
yyTimezone = (yyvsp[0].Number);
yyDSTmode = DSTon;
}
#line 1398 "getdate.c"
break;
case 17: /* zone: tZONE tDST */
#line 177 "getdate.y"
{
yyTimezone = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyDSTmode = DSTon;
}
#line 1407 "getdate.c"
break;
case 18: /* day: tDAY */
#line 183 "getdate.y"
{
yyDayOrdinal = 1;
yyDayNumber = (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1416 "getdate.c"
break;
case 19: /* day: tDAY ',' */
#line 187 "getdate.y"
{
yyDayOrdinal = 1;
yyDayNumber = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
}
#line 1425 "getdate.c"
break;
case 20: /* day: tUNUMBER tDAY */
#line 191 "getdate.y"
{
yyDayOrdinal = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyDayNumber = (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1434 "getdate.c"
break;
case 21: /* date: tUNUMBER '/' tUNUMBER */
#line 197 "getdate.y"
{
yyMonth = (yyvsp[-2].Number);
yyDay = (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1443 "getdate.c"
break;
case 22: /* date: tUNUMBER '/' tUNUMBER '/' tUNUMBER */
#line 201 "getdate.y"
{
if ((yyvsp[-4].Number) >= 100) {
yyYear = (yyvsp[-4].Number);
yyMonth = (yyvsp[-2].Number);
yyDay = (yyvsp[0].Number);
} else {
yyMonth = (yyvsp[-4].Number);
yyDay = (yyvsp[-2].Number);
yyYear = (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
}
#line 1459 "getdate.c"
break;
case 23: /* date: tUNUMBER tSNUMBER tSNUMBER */
#line 212 "getdate.y"
{
/* ISO 8601 format. yyyy-mm-dd. */
yyYear = (yyvsp[-2].Number);
yyMonth = -(yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyDay = -(yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1470 "getdate.c"
break;
case 24: /* date: tUNUMBER tMONTH tSNUMBER */
#line 218 "getdate.y"
{
/* e.g. 17-JUN-1992. */
yyDay = (yyvsp[-2].Number);
yyMonth = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyYear = -(yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1481 "getdate.c"
break;
case 25: /* date: tMONTH tUNUMBER */
#line 224 "getdate.y"
{
yyMonth = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyDay = (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1490 "getdate.c"
break;
case 26: /* date: tMONTH tUNUMBER ',' tUNUMBER */
#line 228 "getdate.y"
{
yyMonth = (yyvsp[-3].Number);
yyDay = (yyvsp[-2].Number);
yyYear = (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1500 "getdate.c"
break;
case 27: /* date: tUNUMBER tMONTH */
#line 233 "getdate.y"
{
yyMonth = (yyvsp[0].Number);
yyDay = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
}
#line 1509 "getdate.c"
break;
case 28: /* date: tUNUMBER tMONTH tUNUMBER */
#line 237 "getdate.y"
{
yyMonth = (yyvsp[-1].Number);
yyDay = (yyvsp[-2].Number);
yyYear = (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1519 "getdate.c"
break;
case 29: /* rel: relunit tAGO */
#line 244 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelSeconds = -yyRelSeconds;
yyRelMonth = -yyRelMonth;
}
#line 1528 "getdate.c"
break;
case 31: /* relunit: tUNUMBER tMINUTE_UNIT */
#line 251 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelSeconds += (yyvsp[-1].Number) * (yyvsp[0].Number) * 60L;
}
#line 1536 "getdate.c"
break;
case 32: /* relunit: tSNUMBER tMINUTE_UNIT */
#line 254 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelSeconds += (yyvsp[-1].Number) * (yyvsp[0].Number) * 60L;
}
#line 1544 "getdate.c"
break;
case 33: /* relunit: tMINUTE_UNIT */
#line 257 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelSeconds += (yyvsp[0].Number) * 60L;
}
#line 1552 "getdate.c"
break;
case 34: /* relunit: tSNUMBER tSEC_UNIT */
#line 260 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelSeconds += (yyvsp[-1].Number);
}
#line 1560 "getdate.c"
break;
case 35: /* relunit: tUNUMBER tSEC_UNIT */
#line 263 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelSeconds += (yyvsp[-1].Number);
}
#line 1568 "getdate.c"
break;
case 36: /* relunit: tSEC_UNIT */
#line 266 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelSeconds++;
}
#line 1576 "getdate.c"
break;
case 37: /* relunit: tSNUMBER tMONTH_UNIT */
#line 269 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelMonth += (yyvsp[-1].Number) * (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1584 "getdate.c"
break;
case 38: /* relunit: tUNUMBER tMONTH_UNIT */
#line 272 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelMonth += (yyvsp[-1].Number) * (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1592 "getdate.c"
break;
case 39: /* relunit: tMONTH_UNIT */
#line 275 "getdate.y"
{
yyRelMonth += (yyvsp[0].Number);
}
#line 1600 "getdate.c"
break;
case 40: /* number: tUNUMBER */
#line 280 "getdate.y"
{
if (yyHaveTime && yyHaveDate && !yyHaveRel)
yyYear = (yyvsp[0].Number);
else {
if((yyvsp[0].Number)>10000) {
yyHaveDate++;
yyDay= ((yyvsp[0].Number))%100;
yyMonth= ((yyvsp[0].Number)/100)%100;
yyYear = (yyvsp[0].Number)/10000;
}
else {
yyHaveTime++;
if ((yyvsp[0].Number) < 100) {
yyHour = (yyvsp[0].Number);
yyMinutes = 0;
}
else {
yyHour = (yyvsp[0].Number) / 100;
yyMinutes = (yyvsp[0].Number) % 100;
}
yySeconds = 0;
yyMeridian = MER24;
}
}
}
#line 1630 "getdate.c"
break;
case 41: /* o_merid: %empty */
#line 307 "getdate.y"
{
(yyval.Meridian) = MER24;
}
#line 1638 "getdate.c"
break;
case 42: /* o_merid: tMERIDIAN */
#line 310 "getdate.y"
{
(yyval.Meridian) = (yyvsp[0].Meridian);
}
#line 1646 "getdate.c"
break;
#line 1650 "getdate.c"
default: break;
}
/* User semantic actions sometimes alter yychar, and that requires
that yytoken be updated with the new translation. We take the
approach of translating immediately before every use of yytoken.
One alternative is translating here after every semantic action,
but that translation would be missed if the semantic action invokes
YYABORT, YYACCEPT, or YYERROR immediately after altering yychar or
if it invokes YYBACKUP. In the case of YYABORT or YYACCEPT, an
incorrect destructor might then be invoked immediately. In the
case of YYERROR or YYBACKUP, subsequent parser actions might lead
to an incorrect destructor call or verbose syntax error message
before the lookahead is translated. */
YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("-> $$ =", YY_CAST (yysymbol_kind_t, yyr1[yyn]), &yyval, &yyloc);
YYPOPSTACK (yylen);
yylen = 0;
*++yyvsp = yyval;
/* Now 'shift' the result of the reduction. Determine what state
that goes to, based on the state we popped back to and the rule
number reduced by. */
{
const int yylhs = yyr1[yyn] - YYNTOKENS;
const int yyi = yypgoto[yylhs] + *yyssp;
yystate = (0 <= yyi && yyi <= YYLAST && yycheck[yyi] == *yyssp
? yytable[yyi]
: yydefgoto[yylhs]);
}
goto yynewstate;
/*--------------------------------------.
| yyerrlab -- here on detecting error. |
`--------------------------------------*/
yyerrlab:
/* Make sure we have latest lookahead translation. See comments at
user semantic actions for why this is necessary. */
yytoken = yychar == YYEMPTY ? YYSYMBOL_YYEMPTY : YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
/* If not already recovering from an error, report this error. */
if (!yyerrstatus)
{
++yynerrs;
yyerror (YY_("syntax error"));
}
if (yyerrstatus == 3)
{
/* If just tried and failed to reuse lookahead token after an
error, discard it. */
if (yychar <= YYEOF)
{
/* Return failure if at end of input. */
if (yychar == YYEOF)
YYABORT;
}
else
{
yydestruct ("Error: discarding",
yytoken, &yylval);
yychar = YYEMPTY;
}
}
/* Else will try to reuse lookahead token after shifting the error
token. */
goto yyerrlab1;
/*---------------------------------------------------.
| yyerrorlab -- error raised explicitly by YYERROR. |
`---------------------------------------------------*/
yyerrorlab:
/* Pacify compilers when the user code never invokes YYERROR and the
label yyerrorlab therefore never appears in user code. */
if (0)
YYERROR;
++yynerrs;
/* Do not reclaim the symbols of the rule whose action triggered
this YYERROR. */
YYPOPSTACK (yylen);
yylen = 0;
YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
yystate = *yyssp;
goto yyerrlab1;
/*-------------------------------------------------------------.
| yyerrlab1 -- common code for both syntax error and YYERROR. |
`-------------------------------------------------------------*/
yyerrlab1:
yyerrstatus = 3; /* Each real token shifted decrements this. */
/* Pop stack until we find a state that shifts the error token. */
for (;;)
{
yyn = yypact[yystate];
if (!yypact_value_is_default (yyn))
{
yyn += YYSYMBOL_YYerror;
if (0 <= yyn && yyn <= YYLAST && yycheck[yyn] == YYSYMBOL_YYerror)
{
yyn = yytable[yyn];
if (0 < yyn)
break;
}
}
/* Pop the current state because it cannot handle the error token. */
if (yyssp == yyss)
YYABORT;
yydestruct ("Error: popping",
YY_ACCESSING_SYMBOL (yystate), yyvsp);
YYPOPSTACK (1);
yystate = *yyssp;
YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
}
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
*++yyvsp = yylval;
YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
/* Shift the error token. */
YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("Shifting", YY_ACCESSING_SYMBOL (yyn), yyvsp, yylsp);
yystate = yyn;
goto yynewstate;
/*-------------------------------------.
| yyacceptlab -- YYACCEPT comes here. |
`-------------------------------------*/
yyacceptlab:
yyresult = 0;
goto yyreturnlab;
/*-----------------------------------.
| yyabortlab -- YYABORT comes here. |
`-----------------------------------*/
yyabortlab:
yyresult = 1;
goto yyreturnlab;
/*-----------------------------------------------------------.
| yyexhaustedlab -- YYNOMEM (memory exhaustion) comes here. |
`-----------------------------------------------------------*/
yyexhaustedlab:
yyerror (YY_("memory exhausted"));
yyresult = 2;
goto yyreturnlab;
/*----------------------------------------------------------.
| yyreturnlab -- parsing is finished, clean up and return. |
`----------------------------------------------------------*/
yyreturnlab:
if (yychar != YYEMPTY)
{
/* Make sure we have latest lookahead translation. See comments at
user semantic actions for why this is necessary. */
yytoken = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
yydestruct ("Cleanup: discarding lookahead",
yytoken, &yylval);
}
/* Do not reclaim the symbols of the rule whose action triggered
this YYABORT or YYACCEPT. */
YYPOPSTACK (yylen);
YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
while (yyssp != yyss)
{
yydestruct ("Cleanup: popping",
YY_ACCESSING_SYMBOL (+*yyssp), yyvsp);
YYPOPSTACK (1);
}
#ifndef yyoverflow
if (yyss != yyssa)
YYSTACK_FREE (yyss);
#endif
return yyresult;
}
#line 315 "getdate.y"
/* Month and day table. */
static TABLE const MonthDayTable[] = {
{ "january", tMONTH, 1 },
{ "february", tMONTH, 2 },
{ "march", tMONTH, 3 },
{ "april", tMONTH, 4 },
{ "may", tMONTH, 5 },
{ "june", tMONTH, 6 },
{ "july", tMONTH, 7 },
{ "august", tMONTH, 8 },
{ "september", tMONTH, 9 },
{ "sept", tMONTH, 9 },
{ "october", tMONTH, 10 },
{ "november", tMONTH, 11 },
{ "december", tMONTH, 12 },
{ "sunday", tDAY, 0 },
{ "monday", tDAY, 1 },
{ "tuesday", tDAY, 2 },
{ "tues", tDAY, 2 },
{ "wednesday", tDAY, 3 },
{ "wednes", tDAY, 3 },
{ "thursday", tDAY, 4 },
{ "thur", tDAY, 4 },
{ "thurs", tDAY, 4 },
{ "friday", tDAY, 5 },
{ "saturday", tDAY, 6 },
{ NULL }
};
/* Time units table. */
static TABLE const UnitsTable[] = {
{ "year", tMONTH_UNIT, 12 },
{ "month", tMONTH_UNIT, 1 },
{ "fortnight", tMINUTE_UNIT, 14 * 24 * 60 },
{ "week", tMINUTE_UNIT, 7 * 24 * 60 },
{ "day", tMINUTE_UNIT, 1 * 24 * 60 },
{ "hour", tMINUTE_UNIT, 60 },
{ "minute", tMINUTE_UNIT, 1 },
{ "min", tMINUTE_UNIT, 1 },
{ "second", tSEC_UNIT, 1 },
{ "sec", tSEC_UNIT, 1 },
{ NULL }
};
/* Assorted relative-time words. */
static TABLE const OtherTable[] = {
{ "tomorrow", tMINUTE_UNIT, 1 * 24 * 60 },
{ "yesterday", tMINUTE_UNIT, -1 * 24 * 60 },
{ "today", tMINUTE_UNIT, 0 },
{ "now", tMINUTE_UNIT, 0 },
{ "last", tUNUMBER, -1 },
{ "this", tUNUMBER, 0 },
{ "next", tUNUMBER, 2 },
{ "first", tUNUMBER, 1 },
/* { "second", tUNUMBER, 2 }, */
{ "third", tUNUMBER, 3 },
{ "fourth", tUNUMBER, 4 },
{ "fifth", tUNUMBER, 5 },
{ "sixth", tUNUMBER, 6 },
{ "seventh", tUNUMBER, 7 },
{ "eighth", tUNUMBER, 8 },
{ "ninth", tUNUMBER, 9 },
{ "tenth", tUNUMBER, 10 },
{ "eleventh", tUNUMBER, 11 },
{ "twelfth", tUNUMBER, 12 },
{ "ago", tAGO, 1 },
{ NULL }
};
/* The timezone table. */
/* Some of these are commented out because a time_t can't store a float. */
static TABLE const TimezoneTable[] = {
{ "gmt", tZONE, HOUR( 0) }, /* Greenwich Mean */
{ "ut", tZONE, HOUR( 0) }, /* Universal (Coordinated) */
{ "utc", tZONE, HOUR( 0) },
{ "wet", tZONE, HOUR( 0) }, /* Western European */
{ "bst", tDAYZONE, HOUR( 0) }, /* British Summer */
{ "wat", tZONE, HOUR( 1) }, /* West Africa */
{ "at", tZONE, HOUR( 2) }, /* Azores */
#if 0
/* For completeness. BST is also British Summer, and GST is
* also Guam Standard. */
{ "bst", tZONE, HOUR( 3) }, /* Brazil Standard */
{ "gst", tZONE, HOUR( 3) }, /* Greenland Standard */
#endif
#if 0
{ "nft", tZONE, HOUR(3.5) }, /* Newfoundland */
{ "nst", tZONE, HOUR(3.5) }, /* Newfoundland Standard */
{ "ndt", tDAYZONE, HOUR(3.5) }, /* Newfoundland Daylight */
#endif
{ "ast", tZONE, HOUR( 4) }, /* Atlantic Standard */
{ "adt", tDAYZONE, HOUR( 4) }, /* Atlantic Daylight */
{ "est", tZONE, HOUR( 5) }, /* Eastern Standard */
{ "edt", tDAYZONE, HOUR( 5) }, /* Eastern Daylight */
{ "cst", tZONE, HOUR( 6) }, /* Central Standard */
{ "cdt", tDAYZONE, HOUR( 6) }, /* Central Daylight */
{ "mst", tZONE, HOUR( 7) }, /* Mountain Standard */
{ "mdt", tDAYZONE, HOUR( 7) }, /* Mountain Daylight */
{ "pst", tZONE, HOUR( 8) }, /* Pacific Standard */
{ "pdt", tDAYZONE, HOUR( 8) }, /* Pacific Daylight */
{ "yst", tZONE, HOUR( 9) }, /* Yukon Standard */
{ "ydt", tDAYZONE, HOUR( 9) }, /* Yukon Daylight */
{ "hst", tZONE, HOUR(10) }, /* Hawaii Standard */
{ "hdt", tDAYZONE, HOUR(10) }, /* Hawaii Daylight */
{ "cat", tZONE, HOUR(10) }, /* Central Alaska */
{ "ahst", tZONE, HOUR(10) }, /* Alaska-Hawaii Standard */
{ "nt", tZONE, HOUR(11) }, /* Nome */
{ "idlw", tZONE, HOUR(12) }, /* International Date Line West */
{ "cet", tZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* Central European */
{ "met", tZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* Middle European */
{ "mewt", tZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* Middle European Winter */
{ "mest", tDAYZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* Middle European Summer */
{ "swt", tZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* Swedish Winter */
{ "sst", tDAYZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* Swedish Summer */
{ "fwt", tZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* French Winter */
{ "fst", tDAYZONE, -HOUR(1) }, /* French Summer */
{ "eet", tZONE, -HOUR(2) }, /* Eastern Europe, USSR Zone 1 */
{ "bt", tZONE, -HOUR(3) }, /* Baghdad, USSR Zone 2 */
#if 0
{ "it", tZONE, -HOUR(3.5) },/* Iran */
#endif
{ "zp4", tZONE, -HOUR(4) }, /* USSR Zone 3 */
{ "zp5", tZONE, -HOUR(5) }, /* USSR Zone 4 */
#if 0
{ "ist", tZONE, -HOUR(5.5) },/* Indian Standard */
#endif
{ "zp6", tZONE, -HOUR(6) }, /* USSR Zone 5 */
#if 0
/* For completeness. NST is also Newfoundland Standard, and SST is
* also Swedish Summer. */
{ "nst", tZONE, -HOUR(6.5) },/* North Sumatra */
{ "sst", tZONE, -HOUR(7) }, /* South Sumatra, USSR Zone 6 */
#endif /* 0 */
{ "wast", tZONE, -HOUR(7) }, /* West Australian Standard */
{ "wadt", tDAYZONE, -HOUR(7) }, /* West Australian Daylight */
#if 0
{ "jt", tZONE, -HOUR(7.5) },/* Java (3pm in Cronusland!) */
#endif
{ "cct", tZONE, -HOUR(8) }, /* China Coast, USSR Zone 7 */
{ "jst", tZONE, -HOUR(9) }, /* Japan Standard, USSR Zone 8 */
#if 0
{ "cast", tZONE, -HOUR(9.5) },/* Central Australian Standard */
{ "cadt", tDAYZONE, -HOUR(9.5) },/* Central Australian Daylight */
#endif
{ "east", tZONE, -HOUR(10) }, /* Eastern Australian Standard */
{ "eadt", tDAYZONE, -HOUR(10) }, /* Eastern Australian Daylight */
{ "gst", tZONE, -HOUR(10) }, /* Guam Standard, USSR Zone 9 */
{ "nzt", tZONE, -HOUR(12) }, /* New Zealand */
{ "nzst", tZONE, -HOUR(12) }, /* New Zealand Standard */
{ "nzdt", tDAYZONE, -HOUR(12) }, /* New Zealand Daylight */
{ "idle", tZONE, -HOUR(12) }, /* International Date Line East */
{ NULL }
};
/* Military timezone table. */
static TABLE const MilitaryTable[] = {
{ "a", tZONE, HOUR( 1) },
{ "b", tZONE, HOUR( 2) },
{ "c", tZONE, HOUR( 3) },
{ "d", tZONE, HOUR( 4) },
{ "e", tZONE, HOUR( 5) },
{ "f", tZONE, HOUR( 6) },
{ "g", tZONE, HOUR( 7) },
{ "h", tZONE, HOUR( 8) },
{ "i", tZONE, HOUR( 9) },
{ "k", tZONE, HOUR( 10) },
{ "l", tZONE, HOUR( 11) },
{ "m", tZONE, HOUR( 12) },
{ "n", tZONE, HOUR(- 1) },
{ "o", tZONE, HOUR(- 2) },
{ "p", tZONE, HOUR(- 3) },
{ "q", tZONE, HOUR(- 4) },
{ "r", tZONE, HOUR(- 5) },
{ "s", tZONE, HOUR(- 6) },
{ "t", tZONE, HOUR(- 7) },
{ "u", tZONE, HOUR(- 8) },
{ "v", tZONE, HOUR(- 9) },
{ "w", tZONE, HOUR(-10) },
{ "x", tZONE, HOUR(-11) },
{ "y", tZONE, HOUR(-12) },
{ "z", tZONE, HOUR( 0) },
{ NULL }
};
/* ARGSUSED */
void
yyerror(const char *s)
{
return;
}
static time_t
ToSeconds(time_t Hours, time_t Minutes, time_t Seconds, MERIDIAN Meridian)
{
if (Minutes < 0 || Minutes > 59 || Seconds < 0 || Seconds > 59)
return -1;
switch (Meridian) {
case MER24:
if (Hours < 0 || Hours > 23)
return -1;
return (Hours * 60L + Minutes) * 60L + Seconds;
case MERam:
if (Hours < 1 || Hours > 12)
return -1;
if (Hours == 12)
Hours = 0;
return (Hours * 60L + Minutes) * 60L + Seconds;
case MERpm:
if (Hours < 1 || Hours > 12)
return -1;
if (Hours == 12)
Hours = 0;
return ((Hours + 12) * 60L + Minutes) * 60L + Seconds;
default:
abort ();
}
/* NOTREACHED */
}
/* Year is either
* A negative number, which means to use its absolute value (why?)
* A number from 0 to 99, which means a year from 1900 to 1999, or
* The actual year (>=100). */
static time_t
Convert(time_t Month, time_t Day, time_t Year, time_t Hours, time_t Minutes,
time_t Seconds, MERIDIAN Meridian, DSTMODE DSTmode)
{
static int DaysInMonth[12] = {
31, 0, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
};
struct tm tm;
time_t tod;
time_t Julian;
int i;
if (Year < 0)
Year = -Year;
if (Year < 69)
Year += 2000;
else if (Year < 100) {
Year += 1900;
if (Year < EPOCH)
Year += 100;
}
DaysInMonth[1] = Year % 4 == 0 && (Year % 100 != 0 || Year % 400 == 0)
? 29 : 28;
/* 32-bit time_t cannot represent years past 2038 */
if (Year < EPOCH || (sizeof(time_t) == sizeof(int) && Year > 2038)
|| Month < 1 || Month > 12
/* Lint fluff: "conversion from long may lose accuracy" */
|| Day < 1 || Day > DaysInMonth[--Month])
return -1;
for (Julian = Day - 1, i = 0; i < Month; i++)
Julian += DaysInMonth[i];
for (i = EPOCH; i < Year; i++)
Julian += 365 + (i % 4 == 0);
Julian *= SECSPERDAY;
Julian += yyTimezone * 60L;
if ((tod = ToSeconds(Hours, Minutes, Seconds, Meridian)) < 0)
return -1;
Julian += tod;
if (DSTmode == DSTon
|| (DSTmode == DSTmaybe && localtime_r(&Julian, &tm) && tm.tm_isdst))
Julian -= 60 * 60;
return Julian;
}
static time_t
DSTcorrect(time_t Start, time_t Future)
{
struct tm start_tm;
struct tm future_tm;
time_t StartDay;
time_t FutureDay;
if (!localtime_r(&Start, &start_tm) || !localtime_r(&Future, &future_tm))
return -1;
StartDay = (start_tm.tm_hour + 1) % 24;
FutureDay = (future_tm.tm_hour + 1) % 24;
return (Future - Start) + (StartDay - FutureDay) * 60L * 60L;
}
static time_t
RelativeDate(time_t Start, time_t DayOrdinal, time_t DayNumber)
{
struct tm tm;
time_t now;
now = Start;
if (!localtime_r(&now, &tm))
return -1;
now += SECSPERDAY * ((DayNumber - tm.tm_wday + 7) % 7);
now += 7 * SECSPERDAY * (DayOrdinal <= 0 ? DayOrdinal : DayOrdinal - 1);
return DSTcorrect(Start, now);
}
static time_t
RelativeMonth(time_t Start, time_t RelMonth)
{
struct tm tm;
time_t Month;
time_t Year;
if (RelMonth == 0)
return 0;
if (!localtime_r(&Start, &tm))
return -1;
Month = 12 * (tm.tm_year + 1900) + tm.tm_mon + RelMonth;
Year = Month / 12;
Month = Month % 12 + 1;
return DSTcorrect(Start,
Convert(Month, (time_t)tm.tm_mday, Year,
(time_t)tm.tm_hour, (time_t)tm.tm_min, (time_t)tm.tm_sec,
MER24, DSTmaybe));
}
static int
LookupWord(char *buff)
{
char *p;
char *q;
const TABLE *tp;
int i;
int abbrev;
int bufflen;
/* Make it lowercase. */
for (p = buff; *p; p++) {
if (isupper((unsigned char)*p))
*p = (char)tolower((unsigned char)*p);
}
if ((bufflen = (int)(p - buff)) == 0)
return '\0';
if (strcmp(buff, "am") == 0 || strcmp(buff, "a.m.") == 0) {
yylval.Meridian = MERam;
return tMERIDIAN;
}
if (strcmp(buff, "pm") == 0 || strcmp(buff, "p.m.") == 0) {
yylval.Meridian = MERpm;
return tMERIDIAN;
}
/* See if we have an abbreviation for a month. */
if (bufflen == 3)
abbrev = 1;
else if (bufflen == 4 && buff[3] == '.') {
abbrev = 1;
buff[bufflen = 3] = '\0';
}
else
abbrev = 0;
for (tp = MonthDayTable; tp->name; tp++) {
if (abbrev) {
if (strncmp(buff, tp->name, 3) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
}
else if (strcmp(buff, tp->name) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
}
for (tp = TimezoneTable; tp->name; tp++)
if (strcmp(buff, tp->name) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
if (strcmp(buff, "dst") == 0)
return tDST;
for (tp = UnitsTable; tp->name; tp++)
if (strcmp(buff, tp->name) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
/* Strip off any plural and try the units table again. */
i = bufflen - 1;
if (buff[i] == 's') {
buff[i] = '\0';
for (tp = UnitsTable; tp->name; tp++)
if (strcmp(buff, tp->name) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
buff[i] = 's'; /* Put back for "this" in OtherTable. */
}
for (tp = OtherTable; tp->name; tp++)
if (strcmp(buff, tp->name) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
/* Military timezones. */
if (buff[1] == '\0' && isalpha((unsigned char)*buff)) {
for (tp = MilitaryTable; tp->name; tp++)
if (strcmp(buff, tp->name) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
}
/* Drop out any periods and try the timezone table again. */
for (i = 0, p = q = buff; *q; q++)
if (*q != '.')
*p++ = *q;
else
i++;
*p = '\0';
if (i)
for (tp = TimezoneTable; tp->name; tp++)
if (strcmp(buff, tp->name) == 0) {
yylval.Number = tp->value;
return tp->type;
}
return tID;
}
static int
yylex(void)
{
char c;
char *p;
char buff[20];
int Count;
int sign;
for ( ; ; ) {
while (isspace((unsigned char)*yyInput))
yyInput++;
if (isdigit((unsigned char)(c = *yyInput)) || c == '-' || c == '+') {
if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
sign = c == '-' ? -1 : 1;
if (!isdigit((unsigned char)*++yyInput))
/* skip the '-' sign */
continue;
}
else
sign = 0;
for (yylval.Number = 0; isdigit((unsigned char)(c = *yyInput++)); )
yylval.Number = 10 * yylval.Number + c - '0';
yyInput--;
if (sign < 0)
yylval.Number = -yylval.Number;
return sign ? tSNUMBER : tUNUMBER;
}
if (isalpha((unsigned char)c)) {
for (p = buff; isalpha((unsigned char)(c = *yyInput++)) || c == '.'; )
if (p < &buff[sizeof buff - 1])
*p++ = c;
*p = '\0';
yyInput--;
return LookupWord(buff);
}
if (c != '(')
return *yyInput++;
Count = 0;
do {
c = *yyInput++;
if (c == '\0')
return c;
if (c == '(')
Count++;
else if (c == ')')
Count--;
} while (Count > 0);
}
}
#define TM_YEAR_ORIGIN 1900
/* Yield A - B, measured in seconds. */
static long
difftm(struct tm *a, struct tm *b)
{
int ay = a->tm_year + (TM_YEAR_ORIGIN - 1);
int by = b->tm_year + (TM_YEAR_ORIGIN - 1);
long days = (
/* difference in day of year */
a->tm_yday - b->tm_yday
/* + intervening leap days */
+ ((ay >> 2) - (by >> 2))
- (ay/100 - by/100)
+ ((ay/100 >> 2) - (by/100 >> 2))
/* + difference in years * 365 */
+ (long)(ay-by) * 365
);
return (60*(60*(24*days + (a->tm_hour - b->tm_hour))
+ (a->tm_min - b->tm_min))
+ (a->tm_sec - b->tm_sec));
}
time_t get_date(char *p);
time_t
get_date(char *p)
{
struct tm tm, gmt;
time_t Start;
time_t tod;
time_t now;
time_t tz;
yyInput = p;
(void)time (&now);
if (gmtime_r (&now, &gmt) == NULL)
return -1;
if (localtime_r (&now, &tm) == NULL)
return -1;
tz = difftm (&gmt, &tm) / 60;
if (tm.tm_isdst)
tz += 60;
yyYear = tm.tm_year + 1900;
yyMonth = tm.tm_mon + 1;
yyDay = tm.tm_mday;
yyTimezone = tz;
yyDSTmode = DSTmaybe;
yyHour = 0;
yyMinutes = 0;
yySeconds = 0;
yyMeridian = MER24;
yyRelSeconds = 0;
yyRelMonth = 0;
yyHaveDate = 0;
yyHaveDay = 0;
yyHaveRel = 0;
yyHaveTime = 0;
yyHaveZone = 0;
if (yyparse()
|| yyHaveTime > 1 || yyHaveZone > 1 || yyHaveDate > 1 || yyHaveDay > 1)
return -1;
if (yyHaveDate || yyHaveTime || yyHaveDay) {
Start = Convert(yyMonth, yyDay, yyYear, yyHour, yyMinutes, yySeconds,
yyMeridian, yyDSTmode);
if (Start < 0)
return -1;
}
else {
Start = now;
if (!yyHaveRel)
Start -= ((tm.tm_hour * 60L + tm.tm_min) * 60L) + tm.tm_sec;
}
Start += yyRelSeconds;
Start += RelativeMonth(Start, yyRelMonth);
if (yyHaveDay && !yyHaveDate) {
tod = RelativeDate(Start, yyDayOrdinal, yyDayNumber);
Start += tod;
}
/* Have to do *something* with a legitimate -1 so it's distinguishable
* from the error return value. (Alternately could set errno on error.) */
return Start == -1 ? 0 : Start;
}
#ifdef TEST
/* ARGSUSED */
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buff[128];
time_t d;
(void)fputs("Enter date, or blank line to exit.\n\t> ", stdout);
(void)fflush(stdout);
while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), stdin) && buff[0]) {
d = get_date(buff);
if (d == -1)
(void)fputs("Bad format - couldn't convert.\n\t> ", stdout);
else
(void)printf("%s\t> ", ctime(&d));
(void)fflush(stdout);
}
return 0;
}
#endif /* TEST */
``` |
The 1992 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami during the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the Hurricanes' 67th season of football and second as a member of the Big East Conference. The Hurricanes were led by fourth-year head coach Dennis Erickson and played their home games at the Orange Bowl. They finished the season 11–1 overall and 4–0 in the Big East while playing a partial conference schedule. They were invited to the Sugar Bowl, which served as the Bowl Coalition National Championship Game, where they lost to Alabama, 34–13.
Personnel
Coaching staff
Support staff
Roster
Schedule
Rankings
Season summary
Iowa
Florida State
Vs. Alabama (Sugar Bowl)
Awards and honors
Gino Torretta, Davey O'Brien Award
Gino Torretta, Heisman Trophy
Gino Torretta, Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award
Gino Torretta, Maxwell Award
Gino Torretta, Walter Camp Award
Jack Harding University of Miami MVP Award
Michael Barrow, LB
Gino Torretta, QB
1993 NFL Draft
References
Miami
Miami Hurricanes football seasons
Miami Hurricanes football |
The 52nd Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honoring the best Swedish films of 2016 and took place on January 23, 2017 at Cirkus in Stockholm. The ceremony was televised by SVT, and comedian Petra Mede hosted the ceremony for the fifth time. She previously hosted the 46th, 47th, 50th, and 51st ceremonies. The nominees were presented on January 4, 2017.
This year, the following categories has been expanded to four nominees: Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actress, Best Actor, Supporting Actress and Supporting Actor, while the category of Best Film has been expanded to five. In addition to this changes, the documentary - and short film juries have been combined, and also introduced new rules, which requires the distributors of foreign films to register their films, in order to be eligible for a Guldbagge.
Winners and nominees
The nominees for the 52nd Guldbagge Awards were announced on 4 January 2017 in Stockholm, by the Swedish Film Institute.
Awards
Winners are listed first and highlighted in '''boldface.
Presenters
The following individuals are confirmed to present awards at the ceremony.
Alice Bah Kuhnke
Bea Szenfeld
Bianca Kronlöf
Björn Kjellman
Börje Ahlstedt
Can Demirtas
Christian Svensson
Christina Schollin
Claes Ljungmark
Clara Henry and Thomas Sekelius
Erik Hassle
Ester Vuori and Leo Hellenius
Dragomir Mrsic
Gert Wingårdhs
Haddy Jallow
Hanna Alström
Jason Diakité
Josefin Asplund
Lena Endre
Malin Levanon
Maria Kulle
Maxida Märak
Michael Segerström
Roy Fares
Sofia Ledarp
Steve Angello
See also
89th Academy Awards
74th Golden Globe Awards
70th British Academy Film Awards
23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards
22nd Critics' Choice Awards
21st Satellite Awards
37th Golden Raspberry Awards
References
External links
Guldbaggen on Facebook
Guldbaggen on Twitter
52nd Guldbagge Awards at Internet Movie Database
2017 in Swedish cinema
2016 film awards
Guldbagge Awards ceremonies
2010s in Stockholm
January 2017 events in Europe |
Limnephilus rhombicus is a species of northern caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae. It is found in Europe and northern Asia (excluding China).
ITIS taxonomic note:
East Palearctic and Nearctic and West Palearctic.
Subspecies
These two subspecies belong to the species Limnephilus rhombicus:
Limnephilus rhombicus monolobatus Martynov, 1910
Limnephilus rhombicus reseri Malicky, 1985
References
Further reading
External links
Integripalpia
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
The Tonbridge Half Marathon is an English annual road running event that was introduced on 25 September 2011. Organised by the Tonbridge Lions Club and Tonbridge Rotary Club, it attracted over 800 runners in its inaugural event.
Dame Kelly Holmes attended the first event in 2011 as guest starter.
Course
The course circumnavigates the roads of Tonbridge and the Kent countryside. The route starts at K College on Brook Street and takes runners out of Tonbridge along Molescroft Way, Upper Hayesden Lane, and Ensfield Road to the village of Leigh. Runners pass through the village then head along the B2027 towards Hildenborough, turning left into Watts Cross Road and then left again at every junction back into Leigh. The final leg of the course takes runners back through Leigh village centre onto Ensfield Road, Hayesden Lane, then leading back to Brook Street to the finish.
Past winners
References
Tourist attractions in Kent
Sport in Kent
Half marathons in the United Kingdom
Athletics competitions in England
Tonbridge |
Kloster Gnadenthal is the name of a former Cistercian nunnery dating back to 1235 which was changed to a Protestant Stift for women in 1564, and became the centre of the ecumenical community Jesus-Bruderschaft (Jesus Brotherhood) in 1969. It is part of Hünfelden, Hesse, Germany.
History
The nunnery dates back to 1235, then called in Latin "Vallis gratiae" (Valley of mercy). It was probably founded to house noble ladies, estimated around 50. From the 14th century, women from bourgeois families in Frankfurt and Limburg were also accepted. The nunnery had sheep, forests, a mill and workshops. The nunnery was associated with Marienstatt Abbey, from the end of the 14th century with Eberbach Abbey for around a century, then again with Marienstatt.
The economic situation of the nunnery deteriorated during the 15th century. In 1513, a reform was undertaken. In 1564, Gnadenthal became part of Nassau. The nuns now followed Protestant teaching and left the order, creating a Lutheran Stift for women (Damenstift).
Abbess Magdalena of Irmtraut had a new Äbtissinenhaus (abbess's house) built by Ludwig von Weilburg from 1589. The premises were destroyed in 1634 during the Thirty Years' War. After the war, the remaining buildings were used as an estate. Around 1705, Johann Georg Weitzel restored the church, but in more modest form. His successors used it as a stable.
In 1935, the estate was divided into eight farms. In 1969, the ecumenical community (Jesus Brotherhood) acquired part of the property and built new houses and the "Haus der Stille" (House of silence). Reconstruction of the historic buildings began in 1984. The community established church services including Stundengebet, regular services at certain times of each day. The community was awarded the Hessischer Denkmalschutzpreis in 1993 for its efforts to revitalize the village and monastery, and received the Umweltpreis of the Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg for ecological preservation in 1998. The buildings are listed historic buildings, since 2009 also according to the Hague Convention. The church is an official on a bike route through the valleys of Emsbach and Wörsbach.
Jesus Brotherhood
Gnadenthal has been the centre of the ecumenical community . Its members come from different churches and denominations, with which they retain their affiliation. The Jesus-Bruderschaft practices communal life for families and celibate members of both genders.
The community runs several companies, an agriculture operation following Bioland principles, a publishing house named , a book shop, an art gallery, and two guest houses, "Haus der Stille" (House of silence) and "Nehemia-Hof" (Nehemia farm).
References
Further reading
External links
Archive of documents related to Kloster Gnadenthal in the Hessian Central State Archives, Wiesbaden
Haus der Stille
Nehemia-Hof
Präsenz-Verlag
Andreas Felger Kulturstiftung
Gnadenthal
Cistercian nunneries in Germany
Christian monasteries established in the 13th century |
The Annals of Ghent () is a short Medieval chronicle which is an important source on the history of the County of Flanders and, in particular, for the Franco-Flemish War (1297–1305) and Crusade of the Poor (1309). Written by an unknown Franciscan friar and named after the author's native city of Ghent, the text was written in Latin and covers the period between 1297 and 1310. According to the writer's own declaration, work on the chronicle began in 1308. Written by the author at an old age, the preface of the Annals opens:
The original manuscript of the Annals was preserved until the 19th century and was last attested at Hamburg in 1824, although several copies were made during the early modern period. An English translation was published in 1951 by the historian Hilda Johnstone, and reissued in 1985.
See also
Courtrai Chest
References
Bibliography
1308 works
14th century in the county of Flanders
Medieval historical texts
History of Ghent
14th-century Latin books
History books about Belgium
Low Countries chronicles |
Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles which results in an abscess. Pyomyositis is most common in tropical areas but can also occur in temperate zones.
Pyomyositis can be classified as primary or secondary. Primary pyomyositis is a skeletal muscle infection arising from hematogenous infection, whereas secondary pyomyositis arises from localized penetrating trauma or contiguous spread to the muscle.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is done via the following manner:
Pus discharge culture and sensitivity
X ray of the part to rule out osteomyelitis
Creatinine phosphokinase (more than 50,000 units)
MRI is useful
Ultrasound guided aspiration
Treatment
The abscesses within the muscle must be drained surgically (not all patient require surgery if there is no abscess). Antibiotics are given for a minimum of three weeks to clear the infection.
Epidemiology
Pyomyositis is most often caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The infection can affect any skeletal muscle, but most often infects the large muscle groups such as the quadriceps or gluteal muscles.
Pyomyositis is mainly a disease of children and was first described by Scriba in 1885. Most patients are aged 2 to 5 years, but infection may occur in any age group. Infection often follows minor trauma and is more common in the tropics, where it accounts for 4% of all hospital admissions. In temperate countries such as the US, pyomyositis was a rare condition (accounting for 1 in 3000 pediatric admissions), but has become more common since the appearance of the USA300 strain of MRSA.
Gonococcal pyomyositis is a rare infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Additional images
References
Maravelas R, Melgar TA, Vos D, Lima N, Sadarangani S (2020). "Pyomyositis in the United States 2002-2014". J Infect. 80(5):497-503. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.005. .
External links
Bacterial diseases
Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
Muscular disorders
Inflammations |
Ostrinia zealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in the Russian Far East, Japan, China and India.
Subspecies
Ostrinia zealis zealis (India)
Ostrinia zealis bipatrialis Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (Japan: Kyushu)
Ostrinia zealis centralis Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (Japan: Honshu)
Ostrinia zealis holoxuthalis Hampson, 1913 (China: Hubei)
Ostrinia zealis varialis (Bremer, 1864) (Russia: Ussuri)
References
Moths described in 1854
Pyraustinae |
Daniel Lima de Castro (born 18 June 1999), commonly known as Dani Bolt or simply Daniel, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an right-back for Juventude, on loan from Athletico Paranaense.
Club career
Bolt joined the academy of Fluminense in 2019. In mid-2020, Bolt was cut from the Fluminense first team after failing to renew his contract with the club. After the contract situation was resolved, he made a total of five appearances for Fluminense, before agreeing to terminate his contract following the 2021 season.
He moved to Athletico Paranaense in early 2022. He was loaned to Vitória in April 2022, alongside teammate Léo Gomes. For the 2023 season, he was loaned to Juventude.
Style of play
Known for his speed, he is nicknamed Dani Bolt after Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt.
Career statistics
Club
References
1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football fullbacks
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Fluminense FC players
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
Esporte Clube Juventude players |
John Neill (born 17 August 1987) is a Scottish professional footballer.
Career
A combative & creative central Midfielder, Neill started his senior career with Hearts, whom he joined from rivals Hibernian's youth initiative. He was loaned to Hamilton Academical between August and November 2006, making his senior professional debut, and also scoring, against Gretna in the Scottish Challenge Cup. A second loan spell, this time with Raith Rovers in early 2007 under former Hearts coach John McGlynn, saw Neill make his first league appearances and he played in both legs of Rovers' defeat to Stirling Albion in the 2006–07 Scottish First Division play-offs.
Neill was released from his Hearts' contract on in August 2007 and joined Queen's Park in February 2008, becoming manager Gardner Spiers first signing for the club. He then moved to East Stirlingshire before joining Clyde in July 2011. Neill was top goalscorer in his first season, earning a new one-year contract, but left in the summer of 2013.
References
External links
(Part II)
Profile at londonhearts.com
Profile at Clyde FC
Scottish men's footballers
Living people
1987 births
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Queen's Park F.C. players
East Stirlingshire F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Irvine Meadow XI F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Berwick Rangers F.C. players |
The Springfield Express was an AAU-sanctioned junior ice hockey team based in Springfield, Missouri and plays home games at the Mediacom Ice Park. The team is a member of the Western States Hockey League (WSHL).
History
The franchise was founded in 2005 as the Cajun Catahoulas, based in Carencro, Louisiana. It moved after the 2008–09 season to North Richland Hills, Texas and was renamed the Texas Renegades. After the 2008–09 season in North Richland Hills, the team was moved to Blades Multiplex Arena in Rio Rancho, New Mexico and became the New Mexico Renegades. In 2011, the Renegades were purchased by Revolution Sports Management, Inc.
Following the 2013–14 season, the team announced a move to Springfield, Missouri and the Mediacom Ice Park and a name change to the Springfield Express. The team becomes the first junior hockey franchise in Springfield since the Springfield Spirit of the NAHL relocated to Alaska in 2005.
On April 29, 2016, after a successful 2015–16 season, it was announced that Revolution Sports Management had finalized the sale of the Express to 417 Sports Management. The new ownership group, based in Springfield, is owned by Dr. Brenton and Andrea Coger, formerly a billet family and team physician. Co-owner Andrea Coger was later accused stalking, sexually harassing, threatening a former player with whom she had apparently had a relationship while he was one of her legal-age billet players during the 2016–17 season.
During the 2017–18 season, the team went through an ownership transition with four investors to keep the team operating. After the season, the owners announced they could not negotiate lower fees for an arena lease and would suspend operations for the 2018–19 season.
Season-by-season records
References
External links
Springfield Express webpage
Western States Hockey League Webpage
Amateur ice hockey teams in Missouri
Sports in Springfield, Missouri
2014 establishments in Missouri
2018 disestablishments in Missouri
Ice hockey clubs established in 2014
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2018 |
German Life is a current bi-monthly magazine written for all people interested in the diversity of German, Austrian, and Swiss culture yesterday and today, and in the various ways that North America has been shaped by its German heritage element. The magazine is dedicated to solid reporting on cultural, historical, social, and political events.
Published by Zeitgeist Publishing Inc. from their headquarters in La Vale, Maryland; the magazine was first published in 1994.
According to WorldCat, it is held in over 265 libraries, and is included in the index Ethnic Newswatch
References
External links
Official website
1994 establishments in Maryland
Austrian-American history
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
German-American culture in Maryland
German-American history
Lifestyle magazines published in the United States
Local interest magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1994
Magazines published in Maryland
Swiss-American culture in Maryland
Swiss-American history |
Budy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodynie, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Wodynie, south-west of Siedlce, and east of Warsaw.
References
Budy |
Mesolia bipunctella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Wileman and South in 1918. It is found in Taiwan.
References
Ancylolomiini
Moths described in 1919
Moths of Taiwan |
In the Street may refer to:
In the Street (film), a 1948 film by Helen Levitt
The 1983 release of the Village People's 1982 album Fox on the Box
"In the Street" (song) by Big Star on #1 Record (1972) |
Werner Cohn (1926 – October 19, 2018) was a sociologist who wrote on the sociology of Jews and of Romani people, and political sociology. He was a Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia.
Biography
Born in Berlin, Germany, Cohn received his BSS in Sociology from City College (New York) in 1951. He completed his MA (1954) and PhD (1956) at the New School for Social Research. He joined the University of British Columbia's Department of Anthropology and Sociology in 1960 and remained there until taking early retirement in 1986. Cohn's research focused on the sociology of Jews and small political movements, and he developed an interest in researching Romani people. He began his research on this topic in 1966/67 during a sabbatical in France. He continued with his studies of the Romani culture and language and returned to Europe meeting with Romani groups and with many well known scholars of the Romani. Over the years Cohn wrote numerous articles on the Romani in various scholarly journals and in 1973 he wrote The Gypsies which summarized his findings in the field. He died in Brooklyn, New York in 2018.
Selected works
Journal articles
Books
References
External links
Home Page
Fringe Groups (Political Blog)
List of Writings by Cohn
"Partners in Hate - Noam Chomsky and the Holocaust Deniers", Avukah Press, Cambridge
1926 births
2018 deaths
Jewish Canadian writers
Writers from Berlin
Jewish Canadian sociologists
Canadian sociologists
German emigrants to Canada
Canadian people of German-Jewish descent
City College of New York alumni
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia |
Pterolophia nigroscutellata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lepesme in 1953.
References
nigroscutellata
Beetles described in 1953 |
This is a list of public art in the Gloucestershire county of England. This list applies only to works of public art on permanent display in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artworks in museums.
Cheltenham
Gloucester
Tewkesbury
References
Glo
Public art
Public art |
Suor Barbara Ragnoni (1448–1533) was an Italian artist for whom only one work remains extant.
Her signed painting, The Adoration of the Shepherds, is now in the Pinacoeteca of Siena. The style of the painting, with its warm colors, is very much in keeping with the late quattrocento style.
References
Women Painters of the World, Page 35
Italian women painters
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown
15th-century Italian painters
15th-century women artists
1448 births
1533 deaths
Nuns and art |
Thomas Langley (–1437) was an English catholic bishop.
Thomas Langley is also the name of:
Thomas Langley (priest) (died 1581), English Anglican canon at Winchester Cathedral
Tommy Langley (born 1958), English professional association football player
Sir Thomas Langley, 4th Baronet (died 1762), of the Langley baronets (of Higham Gobion) |
Backaryd is a locality situated in Ronneby Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 365 inhabitants in 2010.
References
Populated places in Ronneby Municipality |
Big Badja Hill, or Big Badga Mountain, a mountain on the Great Dividing Range, is located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia, north-east of Cooma. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain is situated on the western edge of Deua National Park.
Plants found nearby are the Big Badja Gum and Kunzea badjaensis, a small myrtle with heads of white flowers on the ends of the branches.
See also
List of mountains in New South Wales
References
Big Badja
Southern Tablelands |
Cumming may refer to:
Places in the United States
Cumming, Georgia
Cumming, Iowa
Cumming Township, Michigan
Other uses
Ejaculation
Cumming (surname)
Cumming baronets, a title in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, Canada
Cumming Corporation, an American project management firm
Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Cumming metro station, Santiago, Chile
Clan Cumming, a Scottish clan from the central Highlands
See also
Cuming (disambiguation)
Cummings (disambiguation)
Cummins (disambiguation) |
O' Cracker Where Art Thou? is a compilation album containing bluegrass versions of Cracker songs. The songs are played by two members of Cracker, David Lowery and Johnny Hickman, with musical accompaniment by Leftover Salmon.
Reception
In a review for AllMusic, William Ruhlmann stated that the album "provides a different way of hearing Cracker's catalog that may help a new audience recognize the quality of the group's songs. And Leftover Salmon provides plenty of good picking."
Andrew Gilstrap, writing for PopMatters, commented: "it's hard to tell how seriously to take the record, but the band's sense of fun is so apparent that the listener's best choice is to probably just go along for the ride and not worry too much."
Brian Ferdman of Jambands.com wrote that the "combination of excellent songwriting, virtuoso musicianship, and ebullient energy plays out like a jamband's studio fantasy, and Leftover Salmon and Cracker should be commended for producing one of the best albums of the year."
Track listing
"Get Off This"
"Euro-Trash Girl"
"Sweet Potato"
"Ms. Santa Cruz County"
"Mr. Wrong"
"Lonesome Johnny Blues"
"Low"
"Teen Angst (What the World Needs Now)"
"How Can I Live Without You?"
"Waiting for You Girl"
References
Cracker (band) albums
2003 albums
Albums produced by David Lowery (musician) |
The 1978 UK Championship (officially the 1978 Coral UK Championship) was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 22 November and 1 December 1978 at the Guild Hall in Preston, England.
The 1978 tournament was the first of twenty UK Championship competitions to be played in Preston's Guildhall. For the first time, the event was sponsored by Coral who continued to sponsor the UK Championship until 1985.
The most dramatic match came in the qualifying rounds when Terry Griffiths, a newly turned professional, was beaten 8–9 by Rex Williams after leading 8–2. The main stage of the championship also provided plenty of surprises. Patsy Fagan, the defending UK champion, went out 7–9 in the first round to David Taylor who, after a decade in the professional ranks, reached his first major final by beating Alex Higgins 9–5 in the semi-finals. In the other half of the draw, Roy Andrewartha beat John Spencer 9–8 and Willie Thorne beat Ray Reardon 9–6 only to collapse 1–9 against Graham Miles, whose 139 break set a tournament record. In the semi-finals it was Miles' turn to collapse 1–9 to Doug Mountjoy who, keeping his best until last, clinched his final victory over Taylor with a break of 120. The BBC televised the final on their Grandstand programme with Ted Lowe commentating the match.
Main draw
Final
Qualifying
Last 24 Best of 17 frames
David Taylor 9–2 Maurice Parkin
John Virgo 9–4 Ray Edmonds
John Dunning 9–3 David Greaves
Jim Meadowcroft 9–5 Jackie Rea
Doug Mountjoy 9–5 John Barrie
Roy Andrewartha 9–3 Pat Houlihan
Rex Williams 9–8 Terry Griffiths
Willie Thorne 9–4 Bernard Bennett
Century breaks
139 Graham Miles
120, 118 Doug Mountjoy
101 John Dunning
References
UK Championship (snooker)
UK Championship
UK Championship
UK Championship
UK Championship |
Linear video editing is a video editing post-production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in a predetermined, ordered sequence. Regardless of whether it was captured by a video camera, tapeless camcorder, or recorded in a television studio on a video tape recorder (VTR) the content must be accessed sequentially.
For the most part video editing software has replaced linear editing. In the past, film editing was done in linear fashion, where film reels were literally cut into long strips divided by takes and scenes, and then glued or taped back together to create a logical sequence of film. Linear video editing is more time consuming and highly specialised and tedious work. Still, it is relevant today because of these reasons:
The method is simple and inexpensive.
Mandatory for some jobs: for example if only two sections of video clips are to be joined together in sequence it is often the quickest and easiest way.
If video editors learn linear editing skills it increases their knowledge as well as versatility. According to many professional editors who learn linear editing skills first they tend to become proficient all-round editors.
Until the advent of computer-based random access non-linear editing systems (NLE) in the early 1990s, linear video editing was simply called video editing.
History
Live television is still essentially produced in the same manner as it was in the 1950s, although transformed by modern technical advances. Before videotape, the only way of airing the same shows again was by filming shows using a kinescope, essentially a video monitor paired with a movie camera. However, kinescopes (the films of television shows) suffered from various sorts of picture degradation, from image distortion and apparent scan lines to artifacts in contrast and loss of detail. Kinescopes had to be processed and printed in a film laboratory, making them unreliable for broadcasts delayed for different time zones.
The primary motivation for the development of video tape was as a short or long-term archival medium. Only after a series of technical advances spanning decades did video tape editing finally become a viable production tool, up to par with film editing.
Early technology
The first widely accepted video tape in the United States was two-inch quadruplex videotape and travelled at 15 inches per second. To gain enough head-to-tape speed, four video recording and playback heads were spun on a head wheel across most of the two-inch width of the tape. (Audio and synchronization tracks were recorded along the sides of the tape with stationary heads.) This system was known as "quad" (for "quadruplex") recording.
The resulting video tracks were slightly less than a ninety-degree angle (considering the vector addition of high-speed spinning heads tracing across the 15 inches per second forward motion of the tape).
Originally, video was edited by visualizing the recorded track with ferrofluid and cutting it with a razor blade or guillotine cutter and splicing with video tape, in a manner similar to film editing. This was an arduous process and avoided where possible. When it was used, the two pieces of tape to be joined were painted with a solution of extremely fine iron filings suspended in carbon tetrachloride, a toxic and carcinogenic compound. This "developed" the magnetic tracks, making them visible when viewed through a microscope so that they could be aligned in a splicer designed for this task. The tracks had to be cut during a vertical retrace, without disturbing the odd-field/even-field ordering. The cut also had to be at the same angle that the video tracks were laid down on the tape. Since the video and audio read heads were several inches apart it was not possible to make a physical edit that would function correctly in both video and audio. The cut was made for video and a portion of audio then re-copied into the correct relationship, the same technique as for editing 16mm film with a combined magnetic audio track.
The disadvantages of physically editing tapes were many. Some broadcasters decreed that edited tapes could not be reused, in an era when the relatively high cost of the machines and tapes was balanced by the savings involved in being able to wipe and reuse the media. Others, such as the BBC, allowed reuse of spliced tape in certain circumstances as long as it conformed to strict criteria about the number of splices in a given duration, usually a maximum of five splices for every half hour. The process required great skill, and often resulted in edits that would roll (lose sync) and each edit required several minutes to perform, although this was also initially true of the electronic editing that came later.
In the United States, the 1961-62 Ernie Kovacs ABC specials and Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In were the only TV shows to make extensive use of splice editing of videotape.
Introduction of computerized systems
A system for editing Quad tape "by hand" was developed by the 1960s. It was really just a means of synchronizing the playback of two machines so that the signal of the new shot could be "punched in" with a reasonable chance at success. One problem with this and early computer-controlled systems was that the audio track was prone to suffer artifacts (i.e. a short buzzing sound) because the video of the newly recorded shot would record into the side of the audio track. A commercial solution known as "Buzz Off" was used to minimize this effect.
For more than a decade, computer-controlled Quad editing systems were the standard post-production tool for television. Quad tape involved expensive hardware, time-consuming setup, relatively long rollback times for each edit and showed misalignment as disagreeable "banding" in the video. However, it should be mentioned that Quad tape has a better bandwidth than any smaller-format analogue tape, and properly handled could produce a picture indistinguishable from that of a live camera.
Further advancement in technology
When helical scan video recorders became the standard it was no longer possible to physically cut and splice the tape. At this point video editing became a process of using two video tape machines, playing back the source tape (or "raw footage") from one machine and copying just the portions desired on to a second tape (the "edit master").
The bulk of linear editing is done simply, with two machines and an edit controller device to control them. Many video tape machines are capable of controlling a second machine, eliminating the need for an external editing control device.
This process is "linear", rather than non-linear editing, as the nature of the tape-to-tape copying requires that all shots be laid out in the final edited order. Once a shot is on tape, nothing can be placed ahead of it without overwriting whatever is there already. (Such a replacement is sometimes called an "insert edit".) If absolutely necessary, material can be dubbed by copying the edited content onto another tape, however as each copy generation degrades the image cumulatively, this is not desirable.
One drawback of early video editing technique was that it was impractical to produce a rough cut for presentation to an Executive producer. Since Executive Producers are never familiar enough with the material to be able to visualise the finished product from inspection of an edit decision list (EDL), they were deprived of the opportunity to voice their opinions at a time when those opinions could be easily acted upon. Thus, particularly in documentary television, video was resisted for quite a long time.
Peak usage
Video editing reached its full potential in the late 1970s when computer-controlled minicomputer edit controllers along with communications protocols were developed, which could orchestrate an edit based on an EDL, using timecode to synchronize multiple tape machines and auxiliary devices using a 9-Pin Protocol. The most popular and widely used computer edit systems came from Sony, Ampex and the venerable CMX. Systems such as these were expensive, especially when considering auxiliary equipment like VTR, video switchers and character generators (CG) and were usually limited to high-end post-production facilities.
Jack Calaway of Calaway Engineering was the first to produce a lower-cost, PC-based, "CMX-style" linear editing system which greatly expanded the use of linear editing systems throughout the post-production industry. Following suit, other companies, including EMC and Strassner Editing Systems, came out with equally useful competing editing products.
Current usage
While computer based non-linear video editing software has been adopted throughout most of the commercial, film, industrial and consumer video industries, linear video tape editing is still commonplace in television station newsrooms for the production of television news, and medium-sized production facilities which haven’t made the capital investment in newer technologies. News departments often still use linear editing because they can start editing tape and feeds from the field as soon as received since no additional time is spent capturing material as is necessary in non-linear editing systems and systems that are able to digitally record and edit simultaneously have only recently become affordable for small operations.
See also
Offline editing
References
External links
Archived version of the late Jack Calaway's site
Video Production Support – Linear Editing Primer
Film and video technology |
The Black Mesa (Warm Springs, Arizona) of northwestern Arizona is the extreme southern section of the Black Mountains.
It is a notable mountain section, since the entire Warm Springs Wilderness comprises the entire mesa; it is separated to the north from the Black Hills range by a canyon and road; the north side of the canyon is the southern border of the adjacent Mount Nutt Wilderness, thus comprising a two-sectioned wilderness region.
The mesa is about long, north–south and about higher than the surrounding valleys to the east, south, and west. Interstate 40 in Arizona runs along the valleys to the east and south of the Black Mesa, connecting Needles, California to Kingman. Yucca, Arizona lies in the Sacramento Valley just east of the mesa.
See also
Black Mesa, Arizona
Mesas of Arizona
Landforms of Mohave County, Arizona
Mountains of Mohave County, Arizona |
Peter R. Vroon (January 6, 1917 – April 8, 1997) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. In 1988, Vroon ran for the State Senate from the 19th district, but was defeated in the Republican primary by County Commissioner Earl Baker.
He is the father of Donald Vroon, music critic and the editor of American Record Guide.
References
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
1997 deaths
1917 births
20th-century American politicians |
State Trunk Highway 86 (often called Highway 86, STH-86 or WIS 86) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs east–west in north central Wisconsin from Ogema to Tomahawk.
Route description
The roadway transitions from County Trunk Highway O (CTH-O) to WIS 86 at the WIS 13 intersection west of Ogema. After crossing the Pine Line Trail in Ogema, WIS 86 then turns north and then east again. Continuing east, WIS 86 intersects WIS 102. Continuing further east, WIS 86 then crosses above the Wisconsin River. After the crossing, it then turns north towards downtown Tomahawk. In downtown, it first intersects CTH-S (former WIS 107) and then turns east once again. Further east, it then meets US Highway 51 (US 51) at a diamond interchange. At this point, WIS 86 ends there, and the roadway continues east as CTH-D.
History
Initially, in 1919, WIS 86 was formed to travel along present-day WIS 73 from WIS 18 (now US 10) in Neillsville to WIS 16 (later WIS 29, now CTH-X) in Withee. This routing was eventually relocated in 1924 after WIS 73 extended northwestward, superseding the old route in the process. On the new route, WIS 56 traveled from WIS 13 (now CTH-G) in Ogema to WIS 10 (now CTH-S) in Tomahawk.
In 1956, WIS 86 extended northwest along former CTH-A (now CTH-O) to US 8 east of Catawba. In the fall of 1983, WIS 86 extended eastward towards the newly built US 51 Tomahawk bypass. By 1993, most of the 1956 northwestern extension was reverted to its county maintenance, replacing with CTH-O in the process. As a result, WIS 86 was truncated back to WIS 13, this time at the Ogema bypass.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
086
Transportation in Price County, Wisconsin
Transportation in Lincoln County, Wisconsin |
```go
package config
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"regexp"
"strings"
"github.com/werf/werf/v2/pkg/path_matcher"
)
func NewConfig(ctx context.Context, fileReader fileReader, configRelPath string) (c Config, err error) {
exist, err := fileReader.IsGiterminismConfigExistAnywhere(ctx, configRelPath)
if err != nil {
return c, err
}
if !exist {
return Config{}, nil
}
data, err := fileReader.ReadGiterminismConfig(ctx, configRelPath)
if err != nil {
return c, err
}
err = processWithOpenAPISchema(&data)
if err != nil {
return c, fmt.Errorf("the giterminism config validation failed: %w", err)
}
if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &c); err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprint("unexpected error: ", err))
}
return c, err
}
type fileReader interface {
IsGiterminismConfigExistAnywhere(ctx context.Context, relPath string) (bool, error)
ReadGiterminismConfig(ctx context.Context, relPath string) ([]byte, error)
}
type Config struct {
Cli cli `json:"cli"`
Config config `json:"config"`
Helm helm `json:"helm"`
}
func (c Config) IsCustomTagsAccepted() bool {
return c.Cli.AllowCustomTags
}
func (c Config) IsUncommittedConfigAccepted() bool {
return c.Config.AllowUncommitted
}
func (c Config) UncommittedConfigTemplateFilePathMatcher() path_matcher.PathMatcher {
return c.Config.UncommittedTemplateFilePathMatcher()
}
func (c Config) UncommittedConfigGoTemplateRenderingFilePathMatcher() path_matcher.PathMatcher {
return c.Config.GoTemplateRendering.UncommittedFilePathMatcher()
}
func (c Config) IsConfigGoTemplateRenderingEnvNameAccepted(envName string) (bool, error) {
return c.Config.GoTemplateRendering.IsEnvNameAccepted(envName)
}
func (c Config) IsConfigStapelFromLatestAccepted() bool {
return c.Config.Stapel.AllowFromLatest
}
func (c Config) IsConfigStapelGitBranchAccepted() bool {
return c.Config.Stapel.Git.AllowBranch
}
func (c Config) IsConfigStapelMountBuildDirAccepted() bool {
return c.Config.Stapel.Mount.AllowBuildDir
}
func (c Config) IsConfigStapelMountFromPathAccepted(fromPath string) bool {
return c.Config.Stapel.Mount.IsFromPathAccepted(fromPath)
}
func (c Config) IsConfigDockerfileContextAddFileAccepted(relPath string) bool {
return c.Config.Dockerfile.IsContextAddFileAccepted(relPath)
}
func (c Config) IsUncommittedDockerfileAccepted(relPath string) bool {
return c.Config.Dockerfile.IsUncommittedAccepted(relPath)
}
func (c Config) IsUncommittedDockerignoreAccepted(relPath string) bool {
return c.Config.Dockerfile.IsUncommittedDockerignoreAccepted(relPath)
}
func (c Config) UncommittedHelmFilePathMatcher() path_matcher.PathMatcher {
return c.Helm.UncommittedHelmFilePathMatcher()
}
type cli struct {
AllowCustomTags bool `json:"allowCustomTags"`
}
type config struct {
AllowUncommitted bool `json:"allowUncommitted"`
AllowUncommittedTemplates []string `json:"allowUncommittedTemplates"`
GoTemplateRendering goTemplateRendering `json:"goTemplateRendering"`
Stapel stapel `json:"stapel"`
Dockerfile dockerfile `json:"dockerfile"`
}
func (c config) UncommittedTemplateFilePathMatcher() path_matcher.PathMatcher {
return pathMatcher(c.AllowUncommittedTemplates)
}
type goTemplateRendering struct {
AllowEnvVariables []string `json:"allowEnvVariables"`
AllowUncommittedFiles []string `json:"allowUncommittedFiles"`
}
func (r goTemplateRendering) IsEnvNameAccepted(name string) (bool, error) {
for _, pattern := range r.AllowEnvVariables {
match, err := func() (bool, error) {
if strings.HasPrefix(pattern, "/") && strings.HasSuffix(pattern, "/") {
expr := fmt.Sprintf("^%s$", pattern[1:len(pattern)-1])
r, err := regexp.Compile(expr)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
return r.MatchString(name), nil
} else {
return pattern == name, nil
}
}()
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
if match {
return true, nil
}
}
return false, nil
}
func (r goTemplateRendering) UncommittedFilePathMatcher() path_matcher.PathMatcher {
return pathMatcher(r.AllowUncommittedFiles)
}
type stapel struct {
AllowFromLatest bool `json:"allowFromLatest"`
Git git `json:"git"`
Mount mount `json:"mount"`
}
type git struct {
AllowBranch bool `json:"allowBranch"`
}
type mount struct {
AllowBuildDir bool `json:"allowBuildDir"`
AllowFromPaths []string `json:"allowFromPaths"`
}
func (m mount) IsFromPathAccepted(path string) bool {
return isPathMatched(m.AllowFromPaths, path)
}
type dockerfile struct {
AllowUncommitted []string `json:"allowUncommitted"`
AllowUncommittedDockerignoreFiles []string `json:"allowUncommittedDockerignoreFiles"`
AllowContextAddFiles []string `json:"allowContextAddFiles"`
}
func (d dockerfile) IsContextAddFileAccepted(path string) bool {
return isPathMatched(d.AllowContextAddFiles, path)
}
func (d dockerfile) IsUncommittedAccepted(path string) bool {
return isPathMatched(d.AllowUncommitted, path)
}
func (d dockerfile) IsUncommittedDockerignoreAccepted(path string) bool {
return isPathMatched(d.AllowUncommittedDockerignoreFiles, path)
}
type helm struct {
AllowUncommittedFiles []string `json:"allowUncommittedFiles"`
}
func (h helm) UncommittedHelmFilePathMatcher() path_matcher.PathMatcher {
return pathMatcher(h.AllowUncommittedFiles)
}
func isPathMatched(patterns []string, p string) bool {
return pathMatcher(patterns).IsPathMatched(p)
}
func pathMatcher(patterns []string) path_matcher.PathMatcher {
if len(patterns) != 0 {
return path_matcher.NewPathMatcher(path_matcher.PathMatcherOptions{IncludeGlobs: patterns})
} else {
return path_matcher.NewFalsePathMatcher()
}
}
``` |
United Nations Security Council resolution 1321, adopted unanimously on 20 September 2000, after recalling resolutions 1270 (1999), 1289 (1999), 1313 (2000) and 1317 (2000) on the situation in Sierra Leone, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) until 31 December 2000.
By extending UNAMSIL's mandate, the council also decided to review the situation by 31 October 2000. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan, in his sixth report on Sierra Leone, recommended a six-month extension to UNAMSIL's mandate and an increase in its military component to 20,500 and 260 military observers.
See also
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1301 to 1400 (2000–2002)
Sierra Leone Civil War
Special Court for Sierra Leone
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1321
2000 in Sierra Leone
1321
Sierra Leone Civil War
September 2000 events |
```java
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package google.registry.tools.server;
import static google.registry.export.SyncGroupMembersAction.getGroupEmailAddressForContactType;
import static google.registry.request.Action.Method.POST;
import static jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse.SC_OK;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
import google.registry.config.RegistryConfig.Config;
import google.registry.groups.GroupsConnection;
import google.registry.groups.GroupsConnection.Role;
import google.registry.model.registrar.Registrar;
import google.registry.model.registrar.RegistrarPocBase;
import google.registry.request.Action;
import google.registry.request.HttpException.BadRequestException;
import google.registry.request.HttpException.InternalServerErrorException;
import google.registry.request.Parameter;
import google.registry.request.Response;
import google.registry.request.auth.Auth;
import google.registry.util.Concurrent;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import javax.inject.Inject;
/** Action that creates Google Groups for a registrar's mailing lists. */
@Action(
service = Action.Service.TOOLS,
path = CreateGroupsAction.PATH,
method = POST,
auth = Auth.AUTH_ADMIN)
public class CreateGroupsAction implements Runnable {
public static final String PATH = "/_dr/admin/createGroups";
public static final String CLIENT_ID_PARAM = "clientId";
private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
private static final int NUM_SIMULTANEOUS_CONNECTIONS = 5;
@Inject GroupsConnection groupsConnection;
@Inject Response response;
@Inject @Config("gSuiteDomainName") String gSuiteDomainName;
@Inject @Parameter("clientId") Optional<String> clientId;
@Inject CreateGroupsAction() {}
@Override
public void run() {
final Registrar registrar = initAndLoadRegistrar();
if (registrar == null) {
return;
}
List<RegistrarPocBase.Type> types = asList(RegistrarPocBase.Type.values());
// Concurrently create the groups for each RegistrarContact.Type, collecting the results from
// each call (which are either an Exception if it failed, or absent() if it succeeded).
List<Optional<Exception>> results =
Concurrent.transform(
types,
NUM_SIMULTANEOUS_CONNECTIONS,
type -> {
try {
String groupKey =
getGroupEmailAddressForContactType(
registrar.getRegistrarId(), type, gSuiteDomainName);
String parentGroup =
getGroupEmailAddressForContactType("registrar", type, gSuiteDomainName);
// Creates the group, then adds it as a member to the global registrar group for
// that type.
groupsConnection.createGroup(groupKey);
groupsConnection.addMemberToGroup(parentGroup, groupKey, Role.MEMBER);
return Optional.empty();
} catch (Exception e) {
return Optional.of(e);
}
});
// Return the correct server response based on the results of the group creations.
if (results.stream().anyMatch(Optional::isPresent)) {
StringWriter responseString = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter responseWriter = new PrintWriter(responseString);
for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
Optional<Exception> e = results.get(i);
if (e.isPresent()) {
responseWriter.append(types.get(i).getDisplayName()).append(" => ");
e.get().printStackTrace(responseWriter);
logger.atSevere().withCause(e.get()).log(
"Could not create Google Group for registrar %s for type %s.",
registrar.getRegistrarName(), types.get(i));
} else {
responseWriter.printf("%s => Success%n", types.get(i).getDisplayName());
}
}
throw new InternalServerErrorException(responseString.toString());
} else {
response.setStatus(SC_OK);
response.setPayload("Success!");
logger.atInfo().log(
"Successfully created groups for registrar %s.", registrar.getRegistrarName());
}
}
private Registrar initAndLoadRegistrar() {
if (clientId.isEmpty()) {
respondToBadRequest("Error creating Google Groups, missing parameter: clientId");
}
Optional<Registrar> registrar = Registrar.loadByRegistrarId(clientId.get());
if (registrar.isEmpty()) {
respondToBadRequest(String.format(
"Error creating Google Groups; could not find registrar with id %s", clientId.get()));
}
return registrar.get();
}
private void respondToBadRequest(String message) {
logger.atSevere().log(message);
throw new BadRequestException(message);
}
}
``` |
```c++
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Project: Embedded Learning Library (ELL)
// File: LSTMNode.cpp (nodes)
// Authors: James Devine, Chris Lovett
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "LSTMNode.h"
#include <math/include/MatrixOperations.h>
#include <utilities/include/Exception.h>
namespace ell
{
namespace nodes
{
//
// LSTMNode
//
template <typename ValueType>
LSTMNode<ValueType>::LSTMNode() :
RNNNode<ValueType>(),
_outputCellState(this, "outputCellState", 0)
{
}
template <typename ValueType>
LSTMNode<ValueType>::LSTMNode(const model::OutputPort<ValueType>& input,
const model::OutputPortBase& resetTrigger,
size_t hiddenUnits,
const model::OutputPort<ValueType>& inputWeights,
const model::OutputPort<ValueType>& hiddenWeights,
const model::OutputPort<ValueType>& inputBias,
const model::OutputPort<ValueType>& hiddenBias,
const ActivationType& activation,
const ActivationType& recurrentActivation,
bool validateWeights) :
RNNNode<ValueType>(input, resetTrigger, hiddenUnits, inputWeights, hiddenWeights, inputBias, hiddenBias, activation, false),
_recurrentActivation(recurrentActivation),
_outputCellState(this, "outputCellState", hiddenUnits),
_cellState(hiddenUnits)
{
if (validateWeights)
{
size_t stackHeight = 4; // LSTM has 4 stacked weights for (input, forget, cell, output).
size_t numRows = stackHeight * hiddenUnits;
size_t numColumns = input.Size();
if (inputWeights.Size() != numRows * numColumns)
{
throw utilities::InputException(utilities::InputExceptionErrors::invalidArgument,
ell::utilities::FormatString("The LSTMNode input weights are the wrong size, found %zu but expecting %zu", inputWeights.Size(), numRows * numColumns));
}
numColumns = hiddenUnits;
if (hiddenWeights.Size() != numRows * numColumns)
{
throw utilities::InputException(utilities::InputExceptionErrors::invalidArgument,
ell::utilities::FormatString("The LSTMNode hidden weights are the wrong size, found %zu but expecting %zu", hiddenWeights.Size(), numRows * numColumns));
}
if (inputBias.Size() != numRows)
{
throw utilities::InputException(utilities::InputExceptionErrors::invalidArgument,
ell::utilities::FormatString("The LSTMNode input bias vector is the wrong size, found %zu but expecting %zu", inputBias.Size(), numRows));
}
if (hiddenBias.Size() != numRows)
{
throw utilities::InputException(utilities::InputExceptionErrors::invalidArgument,
ell::utilities::FormatString("The LSTMNode hidden bias vector is the wrong size, found %zu but expecting %zu", hiddenBias.Size(), numRows));
}
}
}
template <typename ValueType>
void LSTMNode<ValueType>::Copy(model::ModelTransformer& transformer) const
{
const auto& newInput = transformer.GetCorrespondingInputs(this->_input);
const auto& newResetTrigger = transformer.GetCorrespondingInputs(this->_resetTrigger);
const auto& newInputWeights = transformer.GetCorrespondingInputs(this->_inputWeights);
const auto& newHiddenWeights = transformer.GetCorrespondingInputs(this->_hiddenWeights);
const auto& newInputBias = transformer.GetCorrespondingInputs(this->_inputBias);
const auto& newHiddenBias = transformer.GetCorrespondingInputs(this->_hiddenBias);
auto newNode = transformer.AddNode<LSTMNode>(newInput, newResetTrigger, this->_hiddenUnits, newInputWeights, newHiddenWeights, newInputBias, newHiddenBias, this->_activation, this->_recurrentActivation);
transformer.MapNodeOutput(this->output, newNode->output);
transformer.MapNodeOutput(this->outputCellState, newNode->outputCellState);
}
template <typename ValueType>
void LSTMNode<ValueType>::Compute() const
{
using ConstMatrixReferenceType = math::ConstRowMatrixReference<ValueType>;
/*
it = sigma(W_{ii} x + b_{ii} + W_{hi} h + b_{hi})
ft = sigma(W_{if} x + b_{if} + W_{hf} h + b_{hf})
gt = tanh(W_{ig} x + b_{ig} + W_{hg} h + b_{hg})
ot = sigma(W_{io} x + b_{io} + W_{ho} h + b_{ho})
ct = ft * c + it * gt
ht = ot * tanh(ct)
*/
size_t hiddenUnits = this->_hiddenUnits;
size_t stackHeight = 4; // LSTM has 4 stacked weights for (input, forget, cell, output).
VectorType inputVector(this->_input.GetValue());
size_t numRows = stackHeight * hiddenUnits;
size_t numColumns = inputVector.Size();
std::vector<ValueType> inputWeightsValue = this->_inputWeights.GetValue();
ConstMatrixReferenceType inputWeights(inputWeightsValue.data(), numRows, numColumns);
numColumns = hiddenUnits;
std::vector<ValueType> hiddenWeightsValue = this->_hiddenWeights.GetValue();
ConstMatrixReferenceType hiddenWeights(hiddenWeightsValue.data(), numRows, numColumns);
VectorType inputBias(this->_inputBias.GetValue());
VectorType hiddenBias(this->_hiddenBias.GetValue());
auto alpha = static_cast<ValueType>(1); // GEMV scale multiplication
auto beta = static_cast<ValueType>(1); // GEMV scale bias
// W_i * x + b_i
VectorType istack(inputBias); // add input bias
math::MultiplyScaleAddUpdate(alpha, inputWeights, inputVector, beta, istack);
// Wh * h + b_h
VectorType hstack(hiddenBias); // add hidden bias
math::MultiplyScaleAddUpdate(alpha, hiddenWeights, this->_hiddenState, beta, hstack);
// 4 slices of the vector representing the LSTM input, forget, cell, output layers.
auto slice1 = 0;
auto slice2 = hiddenUnits;
auto slice3 = 2 * hiddenUnits;
auto slice4 = 3 * hiddenUnits;
// inputGate = sigma(W_{ii} x + b_{ii} + W_{hi} h + b_{hi})
VectorType inputGate(hiddenUnits);
inputGate.CopyFrom(istack.GetSubVector(slice1, hiddenUnits));
inputGate += hstack.GetSubVector(slice1, hiddenUnits);
this->_recurrentActivation.Apply(inputGate);
// forgetGate = sigma(W_{if} x + b_{if} + W_{hf} h + b_{hf})
VectorType forgetGate(hiddenUnits);
forgetGate.CopyFrom(istack.GetSubVector(slice2, hiddenUnits));
forgetGate += hstack.GetSubVector(slice2, hiddenUnits);
this->_recurrentActivation.Apply(forgetGate);
// cellGate = tanh(W_{ig} x + b_{ig} + W_{hg} h + b_{hg})
VectorType cellGate(hiddenUnits);
cellGate.CopyFrom(istack.GetSubVector(slice3, hiddenUnits));
cellGate += hstack.GetSubVector(slice3, hiddenUnits);
this->_activation.Apply(cellGate);
// outputGate = sigma(W_{io} x + b_{io} + W_{ho} h + b_{ho})
VectorType outputGate(hiddenUnits);
outputGate.CopyFrom(istack.GetSubVector(slice4, hiddenUnits));
outputGate += hstack.GetSubVector(slice4, hiddenUnits);
this->_recurrentActivation.Apply(outputGate);
// ct = ft * c + it * gt
for (size_t i = 0; i < hiddenUnits; i++)
{
auto ft = forgetGate[i];
auto ct = this->_cellState[i];
auto it = inputGate[i];
auto gt = cellGate[i];
auto newValue = ft * ct + it * gt;
this->_cellState[i] = newValue;
}
// ht = ot * tanh(ct)
VectorType temp(hiddenUnits);
temp.CopyFrom(this->_cellState);
this->_activation.Apply(temp);
ElementwiseMultiplySet(outputGate, temp, this->_hiddenState);
if (this->ShouldReset())
{
const_cast<LSTMNode<ValueType>*>(this)->Reset();
}
// copy to output
this->_output.SetOutput(this->_hiddenState.ToArray());
this->outputCellState.SetOutput(this->_cellState.ToArray());
}
template <typename ValueType>
void LSTMNode<ValueType>::Reset()
{
this->_cellState.Reset();
this->_hiddenState.Reset();
}
template <typename ValueType>
void LSTMNode<ValueType>::Compile(model::IRMapCompiler& compiler, emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& function)
{
/*
it = sigma(W_{ii} x + b_{ii} + W_{hi} h + b_{hi})
ft = sigma(W_{if} x + b_{if} + W_{hf} h + b_{hf})
gt = tanh(W_{ig} x + b_{ig} + W_{hg} h + b_{hg})
ot = sigma(W_{io} x + b_{io} + W_{ho} h + b_{ho})
ct = ft * c + it * gt
ht = ot * tanh(ct)
*/
const int hiddenUnits = static_cast<int>(this->_hiddenUnits);
const int inputSize = static_cast<int>(this->input.Size());
size_t stackHeight = 4; // LSTM has 4 stacked weights for (input, forget, cell, output).
// Get LLVM references for all node inputs
auto input = compiler.EnsurePortEmitted(this->input);
auto inputWeights = compiler.EnsurePortEmitted(this->inputWeights);
auto hiddenWeights = compiler.EnsurePortEmitted(this->hiddenWeights);
auto inputBias = compiler.EnsurePortEmitted(this->inputBias);
auto hiddenBias = compiler.EnsurePortEmitted(this->hiddenBias);
// Get LLVM reference for node output
auto output = function.LocalArray(compiler.EnsurePortEmitted(this->output));
auto outputCellState = function.LocalArray(compiler.EnsurePortEmitted(this->outputCellState));
// Allocate global buffer for hidden state
emitters::IRModuleEmitter& module = function.GetModule();
auto hiddenStateVariable = module.Variables().AddVectorVariable<ValueType>(emitters::VariableScope::global, hiddenUnits);
auto hiddenStateValue = module.EnsureEmitted(*hiddenStateVariable);
auto hiddenStatePointer = function.PointerOffset(hiddenStateValue, 0); // convert "global variable" to a pointer
auto hiddenState = function.LocalArray(hiddenStatePointer);
auto& prevHiddenState = hiddenState;
// Allocate global buffer for cell state
auto cellStateVariable = module.Variables().AddVectorVariable<ValueType>(emitters::VariableScope::global, hiddenUnits);
auto cellStateValue = module.EnsureEmitted(*cellStateVariable);
auto cellStatePointer = function.PointerOffset(cellStateValue, 0); // convert "global variable" to a pointer
auto cellState = function.LocalArray(cellStatePointer);
auto& prevCellState = cellState;
// Allocate local variables
const size_t stackSize = hiddenUnits * stackHeight;
auto istack = function.LocalArray(function.Variable(emitters::GetVariableType<ValueType>(), stackSize));
auto hstack = function.LocalArray(function.Variable(emitters::GetVariableType<ValueType>(), stackSize));
auto inputGate = function.LocalArray(function.Variable(emitters::GetVariableType<ValueType>(), hiddenUnits));
auto forgetGate = function.LocalArray(function.Variable(emitters::GetVariableType<ValueType>(), hiddenUnits));
auto cellGate = function.LocalArray(function.Variable(emitters::GetVariableType<ValueType>(), hiddenUnits));
auto outputGate = function.LocalArray(function.Variable(emitters::GetVariableType<ValueType>(), hiddenUnits));
auto alpha = static_cast<ValueType>(1.0); // GEMV scaling of the matrix multipication
auto beta = static_cast<ValueType>(1.0); // GEMV scaling of the bias addition
// W_i * x + b_i, one matrix multiplication for all 4 gates (input, forget, cell, output)
function.MemoryCopy<ValueType>(inputBias, istack, stackSize); // Copy bias values into output so GEMM call accumulates them
function.CallGEMV(stackSize, inputSize, alpha, inputWeights, inputSize, input, 1, beta, istack, 1);
// W_h * h + b_h
function.MemoryCopy<ValueType>(hiddenBias, hstack, stackSize); // Copy bias values into output so GEMM call accumulates them
function.CallGEMV(stackSize, hiddenUnits, alpha, hiddenWeights, hiddenUnits, prevHiddenState, 1, beta, hstack, 1);
// the weights are stacked in 4 slices for (input, forget, cell, output).
auto istack_slice0 = istack;
auto istack_slice1 = function.LocalArray(function.PointerOffset(istack, function.LocalScalar(hiddenUnits)));
auto istack_slice2 = function.LocalArray(function.PointerOffset(istack, function.LocalScalar(hiddenUnits * 2)));
auto istack_slice3 = function.LocalArray(function.PointerOffset(istack, function.LocalScalar(hiddenUnits * 3)));
auto hstack_slice0 = hstack;
auto hstack_slice1 = function.LocalArray(function.PointerOffset(hstack, function.LocalScalar(hiddenUnits)));
auto hstack_slice2 = function.LocalArray(function.PointerOffset(hstack, function.LocalScalar(hiddenUnits * 2)));
auto hstack_slice3 = function.LocalArray(function.PointerOffset(hstack, function.LocalScalar(hiddenUnits * 3)));
// input_gate = sigma(W_{ iz } x + b_{ iz } + W_{ hz } h + b_{ hz })
function.For(hiddenUnits, [=](emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& fn, emitters::IRLocalScalar i) {
inputGate[i] = istack_slice0[i] + hstack_slice0[i];
});
this->ApplyActivation(function, this->_recurrentActivation, inputGate, hiddenUnits);
// forget_gate = sigma(W_{if} x + b_{if} + W_{hf} h + b_{hf})
function.For(hiddenUnits, [=](emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& fn, emitters::IRLocalScalar i) {
forgetGate[i] = istack_slice1[i] + hstack_slice1[i];
});
this->ApplyActivation(function, this->_recurrentActivation, forgetGate, hiddenUnits);
// cell_gate = tanh(W_{ig} x + b_{ig} + W_{hg} h + b_{hg})
function.For(hiddenUnits, [=](emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& fn, emitters::IRLocalScalar i) {
cellGate[i] = istack_slice2[i] + hstack_slice2[i];
});
this->ApplyActivation(function, this->_activation, cellGate, hiddenUnits);
// output_gate = sigma(W_{io} x + b_{io} + W_{ho} h + b_{ho})
function.For(hiddenUnits, [=](emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& fn, emitters::IRLocalScalar i) {
outputGate[i] = istack_slice3[i] + hstack_slice3[i];
});
this->ApplyActivation(function, this->_recurrentActivation, outputGate, hiddenUnits);
// cellState = forget_gate * cellState + input_gate * cell_gate
function.For(hiddenUnits, [=](emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& fn, emitters::IRLocalScalar i) {
auto ft = forgetGate[i];
auto ct = prevCellState[i];
auto it = inputGate[i];
auto gt = cellGate[i];
auto newValue = ft * ct + it * gt;
cellState[i] = newValue;
});
// newHiddenState = output_gate * tanh(ct), we'll reuse inputGate local variable to compile tanh(ct)
function.MemoryCopy<ValueType>(cellState, inputGate, hiddenUnits);
this->ApplyActivation(function, this->_activation, inputGate, hiddenUnits);
function.For(hiddenUnits, [=](emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& fn, emitters::IRLocalScalar i) {
auto tan_ct = inputGate[i];
auto ot = outputGate[i];
auto newValue = ot * tan_ct;
hiddenState[i] = newValue;
});
// Copy hidden state to the output.
function.MemoryCopy<ValueType>(hiddenState, output, hiddenUnits);
// Copy cell state to the output cell state
function.MemoryCopy<ValueType>(cellState, outputCellState, hiddenUnits);
// Add the internal reset function
std::string resetFunctionName = compiler.GetGlobalName(*this, "LSTMNodeReset");
emitters::IRFunctionEmitter& resetFunction = module.BeginResetFunction(resetFunctionName);
auto resetHiddenState = resetFunction.LocalArray(hiddenStateValue);
auto resetCellState = resetFunction.LocalArray(cellStateValue);
resetFunction.MemorySet<ValueType>(resetHiddenState, 0, function.Literal<uint8_t>(0), hiddenUnits);
resetFunction.MemorySet<ValueType>(resetCellState, 0, function.Literal<uint8_t>(0), hiddenUnits);
// resetFunction.Print("### LSTM Node was reset\n"); // this is a handy way to debug whether the VAD node is working or not.
module.EndResetFunction();
this->CompileReset(compiler, function, resetFunctionName);
}
template <typename ValueType>
void LSTMNode<ValueType>::WriteToArchive(utilities::Archiver& archiver) const
{
RNNNode<ValueType>::WriteToArchive(archiver);
_recurrentActivation.WriteToArchive(archiver);
}
template <typename ValueType>
void LSTMNode<ValueType>::ReadFromArchive(utilities::Unarchiver& archiver)
{
RNNNode<ValueType>::ReadFromArchive(archiver);
_recurrentActivation.ReadFromArchive(archiver);
this->_cellState.Resize(this->_hiddenUnits);
this->_outputCellState.SetSize(this->_hiddenUnits);
}
// Explicit specialization
template class LSTMNode<float>;
template class LSTMNode<double>;
} // namespace nodes
} // namespace ell
``` |
```c
/* $OpenBSD: fargs.c,v 1.26 2023/11/27 11:30:49 claudio Exp $ */
/*
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "extern.h"
#define RSYNC_PATH "rsync"
const char *
alt_base_mode(int mode)
{
switch (mode) {
case BASE_MODE_COMPARE:
return "--compare-dest";
case BASE_MODE_COPY:
return "--copy-dest";
case BASE_MODE_LINK:
return "--link-dest";
default:
errx(1, "unknown base mode %d", mode);
}
}
char **
fargs_cmdline(struct sess *sess, const struct fargs *f, size_t *skip)
{
arglist args;
size_t j;
char *rsync_path, *ap, *arg;
memset(&args, 0, sizeof args);
assert(f != NULL);
assert(f->sourcesz > 0);
if ((rsync_path = sess->opts->rsync_path) == NULL)
rsync_path = RSYNC_PATH;
if (f->host != NULL) {
/*
* Splice arguments from -e "foo bar baz" into array
* elements required for execve(2).
* This doesn't do anything fancy: it splits along
* whitespace into the array.
*/
if (sess->opts->ssh_prog) {
ap = strdup(sess->opts->ssh_prog);
if (ap == NULL)
err(ERR_NOMEM, NULL);
while ((arg = strsep(&ap, " \t")) != NULL) {
if (arg[0] == '\0') {
ap++; /* skip separators */
continue;
}
addargs(&args, "%s", arg);
}
} else
addargs(&args, "ssh");
addargs(&args, "%s", f->host);
addargs(&args, "%s", rsync_path);
if (skip)
*skip = args.num;
addargs(&args, "--server");
if (f->mode == FARGS_RECEIVER)
addargs(&args, "--sender");
} else {
addargs(&args, "%s", rsync_path);
addargs(&args, "--server");
}
/* Shared arguments. */
if (sess->opts->del)
addargs(&args, "--delete");
if (sess->opts->numeric_ids)
addargs(&args, "--numeric-ids");
if (sess->opts->preserve_gids)
addargs(&args, "-g");
if (sess->opts->preserve_links)
addargs(&args, "-l");
if (sess->opts->dry_run)
addargs(&args, "-n");
if (sess->opts->preserve_uids)
addargs(&args, "-o");
if (sess->opts->preserve_perms)
addargs(&args, "-p");
if (sess->opts->devices)
addargs(&args, "-D");
if (sess->opts->recursive)
addargs(&args, "-r");
if (sess->opts->preserve_times)
addargs(&args, "-t");
if (sess->opts->ignore_times)
addargs(&args, "-I");
if (verbose > 3)
addargs(&args, "-v");
if (verbose > 2)
addargs(&args, "-v");
if (verbose > 1)
addargs(&args, "-v");
if (verbose > 0)
addargs(&args, "-v");
if (sess->opts->one_file_system > 1)
addargs(&args, "-x");
if (sess->opts->one_file_system > 0)
addargs(&args, "-x");
if (sess->opts->specials && !sess->opts->devices)
addargs(&args, "--specials");
if (!sess->opts->specials && sess->opts->devices)
/* --devices is sent as -D --no-specials */
addargs(&args, "--no-specials");
if (sess->opts->max_size >= 0)
addargs(&args, "--max-size=%lld", sess->opts->max_size);
if (sess->opts->min_size >= 0)
addargs(&args, "--min-size=%lld", sess->opts->min_size);
/* extra options for the receiver (local is sender) */
if (f->mode == FARGS_SENDER) {
if (sess->opts->ignore_dir_times)
addargs(&args, "-O");
if (sess->opts->ignore_link_times)
addargs(&args, "-J");
if (sess->opts->size_only)
addargs(&args, "--size-only");
/* only add --compare-dest, etc if this is the sender */
if (sess->opts->alt_base_mode != 0) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX_BASEDIR; j++) {
if (sess->opts->basedir[j] == NULL)
break;
addargs(&args, "%s=%s",
alt_base_mode(sess->opts->alt_base_mode),
sess->opts->basedir[j]);
}
}
}
/* Terminate with a full-stop for reasons unknown. */
addargs(&args, ".");
if (f->mode == FARGS_RECEIVER) {
for (j = 0; j < f->sourcesz; j++)
addargs(&args, "%s", f->sources[j]);
} else
addargs(&args, "%s", f->sink);
return args.list;
}
``` |
The Micanopy Historical Society Museum is located at 607 Northeast 1st Avenue, Micanopy, Florida, United States. It contains materials relating to the history of the town. It is part of the Micanopy Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
The Micanopy Historical Society came together in 1983, after the committee finished the work of nominating the Micanopy Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places. The first president of the historical society was John E. Thrasher III. Under the second president Dr. Robert N. Pierce the museum got its start. The original museum was in a storefront in what had been known as "Antique Alley." Historical society members prepared the space, designed displays, and collected and documented local history materials. This location opened in April 1985, with its second display focusing on William Bartram's time in the area. The museum also displays traveling exhibits from both the Museum of Florida History and the Florida State Museum. This location also houses the archives and gift shop, and the lack of space led to the town commission allowing for a storage room at the town hall for overflow items. Under the work of the third president, Dr. Ron Cohen, the search for a larger location began and the Thrasher Warehouse was placed under consideration.
In 1986, the historical society was awarded a matching grant from the Southern Office of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The $500 grant was used to fund a feasibility study for the potential restoration of the Thrasher Warehouse. The completed feasibility study, along with architect's drawings, were presented to the town commission which approved the renovation project. The development plan was created by the museum's chairman, Tom Brady, with the original plans being restoration of the warehouse, the addition of shops in the storage building behind the warehouse, and the creation of a small restaurant. The proposed development was broken down into three phases, with an estimates cost of $250,000. Phase I would be cleaning the warehouse, attaining rights to the property, creating a not-for-profit organization for the development of the location, and the work of renovating the warehouse for use as a museum. Phase II would focus on renovating the other buildings at the location and the grounds. Phase III would be focused on museum work to finish the project.
A state grant of $69,000 allowed for the completion of the museum renovation. The warehouse was restored to its 1890 condition, with modern additions to meet building codes. The front half of the building was be dedicated to exhibits on the history of Micanopy and the North Central Florida area. A request for an additional $85,000 state grant was planned to finish the renovations on the rest of the property.
The museum opened to the public in 1991. A procession of color guard members in period military uniforms marched down Cholokka Boulevard, leading the way to the museum. Historical society president Alyce Tincher made the dedication, and museum chairman Tom Brady discussed the renovation on the building. After the ribbon at the gate was cut the community members entered the new museum.
Location
The Thrasher Warehouse serves as the location for the museum, housing its various collections. The wooden warehouse was built approximately in 1890, being served by a branch of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad until the 1950s. The building was originally used by J.E. Thrasher, Sr. to house materials for the general merchandise business he opened in 1896. As part of a three-building quadrangle, the warehouse held farm equipment, hardware, lumber, and other supplies. After his store burned in 1911 J.E. Thrasher, Sr. moved its merchandise to the warehouse, operating his business from this location until the completion of a new brick building for the store.
The Thrasher Warehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
Archives
The Micanopy Historical Society Archives can be found on the same property as the museum, housed in a separate building. The archives house materials relating to the history of the Micanopy area. The materials in the archive do not circulate and must be used in-house, but copies of materials are available at a cost. Researchers are required to register prior to using the archives.
The archives are open during limited hours once a week, or by scheduling an appointment. Donations are accepted if they are documents or photos relating to the history of Micanopy.
Footnotes
External links
Micanopy Historical Society Museum
Museums in Alachua County, Florida
Historical society museums in Florida
Florida Native American Heritage Trail |
The Valparaiso Beacons baseball team is a baseball team that represents Valparaiso University in Valparaiso, Indiana. The Beacons competed in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship five times before 1970. After returning in 2012 for the first time in 44 years, the Beacons' first round game was almost delayed an additional day, because the preceding game was the second-longest in NCAA tournament history. The Beacons game against the Purdue Boilermakers began at approximately 10:40 pm only 20 minutes before a curfew. In their second game of the NCAA tournament, the Crusaders played the Kentucky Wildcats, who lost the marathon game to the Kent State Golden Flashes. The games were played at U.S. Steel Yard in Gary, Indiana.
The 2012 Beacons team tied a school record with 35 wins.
The Beacons are coached by Brian Schmack. They play their home games at Emory G. Bauer Field.
Musketeers in the Major Leagues
Taken from Baseball Reference. Updated June 28, 2021.
See also
List of NCAA Division I baseball programs
References
1916 establishments in Indiana
baseball teams established in 1916 |
Rehhorst is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
References
Stormarn (district) |
Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629 (1968), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that material that is not obscene may nonetheless be harmful for children, and its marketing may be regulated.
Background
Under New York law, it was illegal to willfully sell to a minor under 17 any picture that depicts nudity, is harmful to minors, and any magazine taken as a whole is harmful to minors.
Sam Ginsberg and his wife operated Sam's Stationery and Luncheonette in Bellmore, Long Island. In it they sold magazines including those deemed to be pornographic. He was prosecuted from two informants who testified that Ginsberg personally sold two 16-year-old boys the magazines containing pornographic images of women, both called "Sir", and, "Mr" Annual. It was insisted upon by their parents to buy them so they could lay the grounds for prosecution. He was tried in Nassau County District Court and found guilty. The court had found that the pictures were harmful to minors under the law.
The conviction was upheld by the Appellate Term of the Supreme Court of New York and was denied an appeal to the New York Court of Appeals.
Ginsberg argued before the court that the State of New York did not have the power to classify two different sets of the population in regards to obscene material and that it was an unconstitutional deprivation of liberty. He cited Meyer v. Nebraska, Pierce v. Society of Sisters and Prince v. Massachusetts, in all of which cases the court sided with the minors.
Opinion of the Court
Justice Brennan delivered the opinion of the court. The court rejected Ginsberg's argument that New York had deprived minors of their liberty. The court found that it was well within the state's power to protect minors and that just because the material is not classified as obscene to adults it may still be regulated with minors.
Dissent
Justice Douglas wrote a dissent where he strongly objected to the majority's decision. He found the First Amendment to be an absolute that harbored no exclusion for the obscenity that the rest of the court had found. While he admitted that the material that had been sold to minors could be harmful, Douglas was concerned that the ruling would set a precedent that could be perpetuated to "protect" other segments of society from anything the government might deem obscene. He finished by saying the definition of obscenity is impossible to determine because it is highly subjective and laments that the court is forced to sit as the nation's board of censors.
See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 390
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court
List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment
External links
Ginsberg v. New York, www.oyez.org
United States Supreme Court cases
United States obscenity case law
1968 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court |
Georgia’s climate and soil have made agriculture one of its most productive economic sectors; in 1990, the 18 percent of arable Georgian land generated 32 percent of the republic's net material product in 1990. Since the end of the Soviet period, there has been a decline in agricultural labor force: some 25 percent of the Georgian work force was engaged in agriculture in 1990; 37 percent had been so engaged in 1970.
In the Soviet period, swampy areas in the west were drained and arid regions in the east were salvaged by a complex irrigation system, allowing Georgian agriculture to expand production tenfold between 1918 and 1980. However, production was hindered in the Soviet period by the misallocation of agricultural land such as the assignment of prime grain fields to tea cultivation and excessive specialization. Georgia’s emphasis on labor-intensive crops such as tea and grapes kept the rural work force at an unsatisfactory level of productivity.
As of 2011, 281,000 hectares of land were sown, representing 35.0% of the arable land;1,823,000 head of livestock were cataloged;
and agri-business represented 9.3% of the national
GDP. 2012 preliminary data shows agri-business contribution as 8.4% of GDP.
Production
In 2018 Georgia produced:
259 thousand tons of grapes;
237 thousand tons of potatoes;
194 thousand tons of maize;
107 thousand tons of wheat;
82 thousand tons of apples;
62 thousand tons of tangerines;
57 thousand tons of barley;
57 thousand tons of watermelon;
51 thousand tons of tomatoes;
33 thousand tons of cucumbers;
27 thousand tons of peaches;
In addition to smaller amounts of other crops.
Crops
Georgia primarily grows grains: in 1993, about 85 percent of cultivated land excluding orchards, vineyards, and tea plantations, was dedicated to grains. Within that category, corn grew on 40 percent of the land, and winter wheat on 37 percent. The second most important agricultural product is grapes, which are then used to make famous Georgian wines. Georgia has one of the world's oldest and finest winemaking traditions; archeological findings indicate that wine was being made in Georgia as early as 300 B.C. Some forty major wineries were operating in 1990, and about 500 types of local wines are made. The center of the wine industry is Kakhetia in eastern Georgia. Georgia is also known for the high quality of its mineral waters.
Other important crops are tea, citrus fruits, and noncitrus fruits, which account for 18.3 percent, 7.7 percent, and 8.4 percent of Georgia's agricultural output, respectively. Cultivation of tea and citrus fruit is confined to the western coastal area. Tea accounts for 36 percent of the output of the large food-processing industry, although the quality of Georgian tea dropped perceptibly under Soviet management in the 1970s and 1980s. Animal husbandry, mainly the keeping of cattle, pigs, and sheep, accounts for about 25 percent of Georgia's agricultural output, although high density and low mechanization have hindered efficiency.
Until 1992 other Soviet republics bought 95 percent of Georgia's processed tea, 62 percent of its wine, and 70 percent of its canned goods. In turn, Georgia depended on Russia for 75 percent of its grain. One-third of Georgia's meat and 60 percent of its dairy products were supplied from outside the republic. Failure to balance these relationships contributed to Georgia's food crises in the early 1990s during the Soviet Union's collapse.
Land distribution
During the Soviet era, agriculture was characterized by absolute state ownership of all agricultural land and concentration of production in large-scale collective farms, which averaged 428 hectares in size. When Georgia became independent after the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the entire country was in total disarray facing a bitter civil war. Georgian agriculture collapsed, and the land held by large collective farms was quickly distributed to rural households in an attempt to avoid famine. This desperate goal was achieved as Georgian agriculture quickly recovered in 1993–95. The recovery raised the volume of agricultural production in recent years by 25–30% above its lowest level in 1993, yet the initial collapse was so dramatic that agricultural output in 2006 was still 40% below what it was in 1990.
Even under Soviet rule, Georgia had a vigorous private agricultural sector, producing crops and livestock on small plots allocated to rural residents and town dwellers in the life estate fashion. In 1990, according to official statistics, the private sector contributed 46% of gross agricultural output, and private farm productivity averaged about twice that of state farms.
As was the case with enterprise privatization, President Gamsakhurdia postponed systematic land reform because he feared that local mafias would dominate the redistribution process. Gamsakhurdia was deposed in early 1992, and within weeks the new government issued a land reform resolution providing land grants of one-half hectare to individuals with the stipulation that the land be farmed. Commissions were established in each village to inventory land parcels and identify those to be privatized. Limitations were placed on what the new "owners" could do with their land, and would-be private farmers faced serious problems in obtaining seeds, fertilizer, and equipment. By the end of 1993, over half the cultivated land was in private hands. Small plots were given free to city dwellers to relieve the acute food shortage that year.
Georgia completely individualized its agriculture as early as 1992–93. The individual sector in Georgia currently produces almost 100% of agricultural output, up from 40% before 1990. The shift of production to the individual sector is a reflection of the dramatic increase in the landholdings of rural households. Prior to 1990, only 7% of agricultural land was individual use. A decade later, in 2000, 37% of agricultural land (or more than 70% of arable land) is used by individual farmers.
The universality of land distribution to rural families produced relatively small landholdings. Thus, the average size of an individual farm in Georgia is 0.96 hectares and only 5% of farms are larger than 2 hectares.
Size distribution of individual farms in Georgia (early 2000s)
Recruiting of foreign farmers
Sandra Roelofs, the Dutch-born wife of Georgian Former President Mikhail Saakashvili, has promoted a program encouraging Afrikaans South African farmers to migrate to Georgia. The country is actively recruiting Afrikaner farmers to help revive the nation's moribund agriculture. In the 20 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, half of Georgia's farmland has gone out of production.
Recently Indian farmers (mostly from Punjab) have also shown interest and invested in agriculture of Georgia. Punjabi farmers are known for their hard work and Punjab is called the food basket of India, it remains to be seen what difference do these farmers make in agriculture and economy of Georgia. However, most of them had returned to India as they faced numerous problems in marketing their harvests and being repeatedly refused residence permit appeals.
Government
Land Laws
In 2017 and 2018 Georgia banned the sale of agricultural land to foreigners in the Georgian constitution. The new constitution says that agricultural land is a ‘resource of exceptional significance’ and can be owned only by ‘the state, a self-governing entity, a citizen of Georgia, or a union of Georgian citizens’. Though there are exceptional cases when agricultural land may be in the ownership of an alien, such as when a foreign citizen inherits the land or when the owner of the land is private law registered in Georgia, whose dominant partner is an alien.
Ministry of Agriculture
See also
Georgian Wine
External resources
Assessment of the Agriculture and Rural Development Sectors in the Eastern Partnership Countries. Georgia (Budapest. FAO, 2012)
GEORGIA - Agricultural Census 2003/2004 - Main Results (FAO, 2005)
Smallholders and family farms in Georgia (Budapest. FAO, 2020, )
References |
Muhammad Bashir Jehangiri Swati (Urdu: ; born 1 February 1937) was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 7 January 2002 to 31 January 2002.
Previously, he served as Chief Justice of the Peshawar High Court. He did his 20 years of law practice at Peahawar High Court and Supreme Court of Pakistan.
See also
Chief Justices of Pakistan
References
1937 births
Chief Justices of Pakistan
Living people
Pakistani judges
People from Mansehra District
Chief Justices of the Peshawar High Court
University of Peshawar alumni |
Lists of mathematicians cover notable mathematicians by nationality, ethnicity, religion, profession and other characteristics. Alphabetical lists are also available (see table to the right).
Lists by nationality, ethnicity or religion
List of American mathematicians
List of African-American mathematicians
List of Bengali mathematicians
List of Brazilian mathematicians
List of Chinese mathematicians
List of German mathematicians
List of Greek mathematicians
Timeline of ancient Greek mathematicians
List of Hungarian mathematicians
List of Indian mathematicians
List of Italian mathematicians
List of Iranian mathematicians
List of Jewish American mathematicians
List of Jewish mathematicians
List of Norwegian mathematicians
List of Muslim mathematicians
List of Polish mathematicians
List of Russian mathematicians
List of Slovenian mathematicians
List of Ukrainian mathematicians
List of Turkish mathematicians
List of Welsh mathematicians
Lists by profession
List of actuaries
List of game theorists
List of geometers
List of logicians
List of mathematical probabilists
List of statisticians
List of quantitative analysts
Other lists of mathematicians
List of amateur mathematicians
List of mathematicians born in the 19th century
List of centenarians (scientists and mathematicians)
List of films about mathematicians
List of women in mathematics
See also
The Mathematics Genealogy Project – Database for the academic genealogy of mathematicians
List of mathematical artists
External links
The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Extensive list of detailed biographies
The Oberwolfach Photo Collection – Photographs of mathematicians from all over the world
Photos of mathematicians – Collection of photos of mathematicians (and computer scientists) made by Andrej Bauer.
Famous Mathematicians
Calendar of mathematicians' birthdays and death anniversaries
Lists of people in STEM fields |
This is a list of people who have served as Lord-Lieutenant of Longford.
There were lieutenants of counties in Ireland until the reign of James II, when they were renamed governors. The office of Lord Lieutenant was recreated on 23 August 1831.
Governors
George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard, 1740–1756
George Forbes, 4th Earl of Granard, 1756– (died 1769)
Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen, 1801–1825
George Forbes, 6th Earl of Granard, –1831
Lord Lieutenants
George Forbes, Viscount Forbes, 7 October 1831 – 13 November 1836
Luke White, 22 November 1836 – 1841
Henry White, 1st Baron Annaly, 1841 – 3 September 1873
Luke White, 2nd Baron Annaly, 7 November 1873 – March 1874
William Pakenham, 4th Earl of Longford, 27 March 1874 – 19 April 1887
Thomas Pakenham, 5th Earl of Longford, 14 June 1887 – 21 August 1915
vacant
Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard, 26 August 1916 – 1922
References
Longford |
Hakop "Jack" Avesyan (born September 22, 1988) is an American soccer player currently playing for Sacramento Republic FC in USL Pro.
Career
Youth and amateur
Avesyan was born in Los Angeles, California, and grew up in Hollywood. He attended La Canada High School. After high school, Avesyan played for USL Premier Development League club Ventura County Fusion from 2009 through to the end of 2010., helping the team to the 2009 USL PDL championship.
Professional
Avesyan signed his first professional contract in March 2011, joining USL Pro club Wilmington Hammerheads. He made his professional debut on May 7, 2011, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2–1 loss to the Richmond Kickers, and scored his first professional goal on 21 May in a 3–0 win over the Charleston Battery. Avesyan re-signed with Wilmington for the 2012 season on December 7, 2011.
References
1988 births
Living people
Ventura County Fusion players
Wilmington Hammerheads FC players
Sacramento Republic FC players
USL League Two players
USL Championship players
Soccer players from Los Angeles
Men's association football midfielders
American men's soccer players |
Bokong is a community council located in the Thaba-Tseka District of Lesotho. Its population in 2006 was 7,283.
Villages
The community of Bokong includes the villages of Chaena, Fukhumela, Ha Joele, Ha K'henene, Ha Khoaisi, Ha Khunong, Ha Mafosa, Ha Mahooana, Ha Makhangoa, Ha Makhangoa (Manganeng), Ha Makhona, Ha Makhuoeng, Ha Malimola, Ha Mantsi, Ha Maphike, Ha Mikhane, Ha Mokati, Ha Mothepu, Ha Nkhunyane, Ha Ramarebotse, Ha Ramokoatsi, Ha Rampai, Ha Sepiriti, Ha Suoane (Liontong), Ha Suoane (Manganeng), Ha Suoane (Matebeleng), Ha Suoane (Phahameng), Katse, Khohlo-Ntšo, Khokhoba, Letsatseng, Linkoaneng, Makhoabeng, Mokurutlung, Sephareng, Spear and Thabaneng.
References
External links
Google map of community villages
Populated places in Thaba-Tseka District
Thaba-Tseka District |
Charles Baxter "Foots" Clement (June 12, 1904 – February 27, 1976) was a college football player and prominent Memphis businessman. He was posthumously inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1989.
University of Alabama
Clement was a prominent tackle for the Alabama Crimson Tide football team of the University of Alabama from 1928 to 1930. He wore a size 14 shoe. He also participated in track and boxing.
1930
He was the captain of the 1930 national championship team. He was selected first-team All-Southern on the selection compiled from 20 of 23 southern coaches by the United Press and third-team All-American in the captain's poll of the Central Press Association.
References
External links
American football tackles
Alabama Crimson Tide football players
All-Southern college football players
Players of American football from Arkansas
People from Yell County, Arkansas
Players of American football from Memphis, Tennessee
1904 births
1976 deaths |
Breakaway (Break-A-Way) was a swing dance was originally a syncopated Two-step. In the Polka a step called the Coquette (Love Chase) is defined as "The lady escapes from her partner and polkas solo while the gent pursues her, arms akimbo."
The Break-Away was the name of swing before being named the Lindy Hop by Shorty George in 1927. The Breakaway was a cross between the "Texas Tommy, Two-step, Apache Dance, Turkey Trot, Cakewalk and Grizzly Bear.
References
External links
Breakaway dance; YouTube
Swing dances |
William Downing may refer to:
William L. Downing, judge
William Downing (MP) for Orford (UK Parliament constituency)
Bill Downing a.k.a. William F. Downing, Wild West outlaw |
Jenny Pearson is a British teacher and children's author.
The Super Miraculous Journey of Freddie Yates (2020)
The Super Miraculous Journey of Freddie Yates, illustrated by Rob Biddulph, was published May 12, 2020 by Norton Young Readers. The book has sold to eighteen countries.
Kirkus Reviews called it a "goofball comedy with heart," and The Guardian referred to it as a "caper of a debut." The Times said it was "very funny". Booklist noted that the book's main character, "Freddie, ends up with expanded definitions of both family and miracles, and readers will, too."
The Super Miraculous Journey of Freddie Yates was shortlisted for the 2021 Branford Boase Award.
The Incredible Record Smashers (2021)
The Incredible Record Smashers, illustrated by Erica Salcedo, was published March 4, 2021 by Usborne Publishing.
The Times called it "a genuinely funny novel with a mental health theme".
Awards and honours
Publications
The Super Miraculous Journey of Freddie Yates, illustrated by Rob Biddulph (2020)
The Incredible Record Smashers, illustrated by Erica Salcedo (2021)
Operation Nativity (2022)
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century British novelists
21st-century British women writers
British children's writers |
Utgard may refer to:
Útgarðar, a stronghold of the giants
Utgard (software), a vendor-independent Java OPC client API
The microarchitecture of some variants of the Mali series of graphics processing units by produced by ARM Holdings.
Utgard, a 2020 album by Enslaved |
The Șucu (in its upper course also: Șuculețu) is a left tributary of the river Bistra Mărului in Romania. It flows into the Bistra Mărului in Poiana Mărului. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Caraș-Severin County |
Louis Koen is the name of:
Louis Koen (cricketer) (born 1967), South African cricketer and former ODI national player
Louis Koen (rugby union) (born 1975), South African rugby union player and past Springboks member |
Frank Novak (born c. 1940) is an American former football coach who is best known for coaching special teams in the National Football League (NFL).
Early career
Novak was born in Leominster, Massachusetts, and attended Leominster High School. He later played football at Northern Michigan University, where he earned NCAA Division II All-American honors as a quarterback in 1961. After college, Novak spent the 1962 training camp with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League.
Coaching career
Novak coached high school football in New London, Connecticut and Iron Mountain, Michigan. He then returned to NMU in 1966 under head coach Rollie Dotsch, where he spent 6 years as a coach including the final 2 seasons as offensive coordinator. During this time, one of his players was future Michigan head coach Lloyd Carr. Also on the NMU staff were notable coaches Jerry Glanville and Carl Reese, both of whom Novak would coach alongside later in their careers. Over the next 10 seasons he coached offensive backs or served as offensive coordinator at various colleges and universities, including stints with head coach Sonny Randle at East Carolina and Virginia.
In 1984 Novak coached running backs for the Oklahoma Outlaws of the United States Football League under head coach Woody Widenhofer. The following season, he coached wide receivers for the USFL Birmingham Stallions under Rollie Dotsch, reuniting him with his former boss at NMU. Dostch had originally recommended Novak to Widenhofer, whom he had coached with on the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Novak returned to the NCAA ranks for the 1988 season to coach running backs at Missouri, who were coached by Woody Widenhofer after the dissolution of the USFL.
NFL Coaching Career
Novak began coaching running backs in the NFL in 1989 with the Houston Oilers under head coach Jerry Glanville. Novak and Glanville had previously served as assistant coaches together at Northern Michigan University. In 1990, Jack Pardee was named coach of the Oilers and retained Novak, and in 1994 he was named special teams coordinator. Novak also served as special teams coordinator with the Detroit Lions for 1995-1996, San Diego Chargers 1997-1998, and the Green Bay Packers from 2000-2005. Novak had joined the Chargers when friend Kevin Gilbride was hired as head coach, and resigned when Gilbride was fired after the 1998 season.
During the 2000 season, Novak was pantsed during practice by quarterback Brett Favre as a practical joke.
Pro Bowl kicker Rob Bironas credits Novak with helping find another kicking job in the NFL. Bironas had been cut by the Green Bay Packers in 2002 after signing as an undrafted free agent.
Novak was associated with the Run and shoot offense during his time in the USFL and with the Oilers and Chargers.
Personal life
Novak is currently retired from professional coaching and resides in Oxford, Michigan. He serves as a motivational speaker and also volunteers as a high school football coach at Leominster High School and Lake Orion High School. In 2012, Frank married noted Metro Detroit realtor Suzanne Fodor.
Novak has five grown children from a previous marriage. One of his sons, Jason, is currently head strength and conditioning coach with the Michigan State University. Jason had previously served as head strength and condition coach at Central Michigan University, Yale and Alabama State. Novak is also the maternal grandfather to former American Professional Baseball Relief Pitcher Matt Picucci
References
Living people
1940s births
American football quarterbacks
Detroit Lions coaches
East Carolina Pirates football coaches
Green Bay Packers coaches
Holy Cross Crusaders football coaches
Houston Oilers coaches
Missouri Tigers football coaches
Northern Michigan Wildcats football coaches
Northern Michigan Wildcats football players
San Diego Chargers coaches
United States Football League coaches
Virginia Cavaliers football coaches
Western Illinois Leathernecks football coaches
High school football coaches in Connecticut
High school football coaches in Michigan
People from Oxford, Michigan
Sportspeople from Oakland County, Michigan
People from Leominster, Massachusetts
Players of American football from Worcester County, Massachusetts |
The following lists events that have happened in 1861 in the Qajar dynasty.
Incumbents
Monarch: Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
Event
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar was named as crown prince. He was also appointed as governor of Azerbaijan and sent to Tabriz.
References
Iran
Years of the 19th century in Iran
1860s in Iran
Iran |
Scorchers are an Irish women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Super Series. The team has no geographical base, instead being made up of some of the best players from across Ireland. They are captained by Gaby Lewis and coached by Claire Terblanche. They have won seven Super Series tournaments.
History
Scorchers were established in 2015 to compete in the Women's Super 3s, a tournament designed to bridge the gap between club cricket and international cricket in Ireland. The team was made up of some of the best players in Irish cricket, and were captained by Kim Garth and coached by Chris Siddell. Scorchers won the first edition of the tournament, winning five of their eight matches, with captain Kim Garth winning the Player of the Tournament award. In 2016, Scorchers finished second in the group with two victories in their six games, with strong performances from Lucy O'Reilly and Una Raymond-Hoey, who was selected for the national side off the back of her runs for the side.
2017 brought Scorchers' second title, as they topped the group with seven wins from their ten matches. The following season, 2018, however, Scorchers performed poorly, finishing bottom of the league with three wins. In 2019, Scorchers again won three matches, including both T20s on the final day of competition, this time finishing second in the league.
In 2020 the tournament was reduced to two teams due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with Scorchers now facing off against Typhoons in eight 50 over matches. The two sides each won 4 matches, with Typhoons just edging out Scorchers for the title on Net Run Rate. Scorchers batters Leah Paul and Gaby Lewis led the run-scoring charts in 2020. The 2021 tournament again included just two sides, with Scorchers and Typhoons now playing for separate 50 over and T20 titles. In June, Scorchers won the 50 over section of the tournament, winning four of the seven matches, and in August won the T20 section of the tournament, again with four victories. In 2022, with the tournament expanded back to three teams, Scorchers again won both the 50 over and T20 titles. In 2023, they won the Super 20 Trophy, but finished bottom of the Super 50 Cup.
Players
Current squad
Based on squad announced for the 2023 season. Players in bold have international caps.
Seasons
Women's Super Series
Combined format
Super 50 Cup
Super 20 Trophy
Honours
Women's Super Series (combined format):
Winners (2): 2015, 2017
Super 50 Cup:
Winners (2): 2021 & 2022
Super 20 Trophy:
Winners (3): 2021, 2022 & 2023
References
Women's cricket teams in Ireland
Women's Super Series |
```go
package memcache
type MemCache struct {
M map[string]interface{}
}
func (m *MemCache) Set(k string, val interface{}) {
m.M[k] = val
}
func (m *MemCache) Get(k string) interface{} {
return m.M[k]
}
``` |
Obrąb is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ojrzeń, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Ojrzeń, south-west of Ciechanów, and north-west of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Ciechanów County |
Gangadharpur railway station is a railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone. It is situated at Chhotarapursasan, Gangadharpur in Khordha district in the Indian state of Odisha.
History
In between 1893 and 1896, the coastal railway track from Cuttack to Vijayawada was built and opened to traffic by East Coast State Railway. The route was electrified in several phases. Khurda–Visakhapatnam section was completely electrified by 2002 and Howrah–Chennai route was fully electrified in 2005.
Images
References
Railway stations in India opened in 1899
Railway stations in Khorda district
Khurda Road railway division |
Joel Burgunder (born 20 May 1991) is a Swiss sprinter competing primarily in the 400 metres. He represented his country at three consecutive European Championships. He also won a gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2017 Jeux de la Francophonie
International competitions
Personal bests
Outdoor
100 metres – 10.54 (+1.3 m/s, Winterthur 2014)
200 metres – 20.84 (+1.5 m/s, Langenthal 2016)
400 metres – 46.00 (Zürich 2017)
Indoor
60 metres – 6.80 (Magglingen 2013)
200 metres – 21.55 (Magglingen 2013)
400 metres – 49.17 (St. Gallen 2015)
References
1991 births
Living people
Swiss male sprinters
European Games competitors for Switzerland
Athletes (track and field) at the 2019 European Games
21st-century Swiss people |
Carlo il Calvo (Charles the Bald) is an in 3 acts by Nicola Porpora that premiered in the spring of 1738 at Rome's Teatro delle Dame.
Recording
2022: Julia Lezhneva, Suzanne Jerosme, Max Emanuel Cenčić, Franco Fagioli, Bruno de Sá, Petr Nekoranec, Nian Wang, Armonia Atenea; conductor: George Petrou 3 CDs Parnassus
References
External links
"Libretto", Internet Archive
1738 operas
Italian-language operas
Operas by Nicola Porpora
Operas based on real people
Operas set in the 9th century |
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