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The King of Fighters: Another Day is an animated series based on the fighting game series The King of Fighters. It was produced by Production I.G, and revolves around the plot of the 3-D version titled The King of Fighters: Maximum Impact, along with some touches of the current 2-D series storyline about Ash Crimson (e.g. Iori Yagami appearing powerless). The anime was originally announced at Tokyo Games 2005.
The anime was released in an ONA format, with four episodes of six minutes each.
Plot
Following the defeat of Duke at the hands of martial artist Alba Meira and the demise of the criminal organization "Mephistopheles", the city of Southtown lives in relative peace until a fire breaks out and several fighters find themselves battling each other during the citywide crisis.
Cast
Production
KOF: Another Day was directed by Masaki Tachibana. aired in Japan through the internet on ShowTime and GyaO while it aired on TV via Animax and Kids Station. The ending theme is "Regret" by Dakota Star.
Home media
The anime was released in Japan via DVD as a pack-in with the Japanese release of KOF: Maximum Impact 2 on April 27, 2006 under a retail price of 7, 140 Yen. The DVD is region two-encoded, but has English subtitles and dub track.
The U.S. marketing strategy of The King of Fighters: Another Day was far less accessible. Originally intended to be included with KOF 2006 as a pre-order/early buyer bonus for customers of EBGames and GameStop, the U.S. arm of SNK failed to ship out the discs in conjunction with its release. Several weeks later, after some complaint from angry fans, the bonus DVDs started showing up at EBGames and GameStop locations and in many cases were obtainable for previous buyers upon request, yet quantities were limited and many are still left without it despite their devotion.
The U.S. DVD comes in a square cardboard envelope. The DVD is region one encoded and includes both English and Japanese subtitles and audio, both in Stereo and Dolby Digital 5.1. Special features include commentary on all episodes, character design galleries for major characters appearing in the series, one trailer for the animated series and three Japanese commercials for KOF: Maximum Impact 2.
References
External links
2005 anime
Anime based on video games
2005 anime ONAs
The King of Fighters
Martial arts anime and manga
Production I.G
SNK Playmore
Works based on SNK video games |
Cindy Valentine (Valentine Cinzia Leone) is an Italian-born composer, producer, actress and performing artist, raised in Toronto, Ontario, Canada who is now a U.S. citizen, residing primarily in New York, New York. Valentine hit the Billboard Dance/Club charts in 1989 with "Secret Rendez-Vous" and "Pick Up the Pieces (To My Heart)", both songs co-written by Tony Green and Cindy Valentine. Valentine also co-wrote the songs, "Finest Hour" and "Never Gonna Be the Same Again" for the 1989 Halloween classic, Teen Witch and played the part of Shana the Rock Star in the film. As a composer and performer, additional soundtrack credits include: Repossessed (1990), Mannequin Two: On the Move (1991), and Another 9 1/2 Weeks (1997).
Early life
Valentine studied music at The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto at the age of 7, Valentine entered a singing contest, winning first place and a month of opera training at the Il conservatorio Di Milano, Italy under Claudio Villa.Juno Award-winning composer and producer, Tony Green was present at one of the Milan recording sessions and took note of Valentine's talent. Green had already been to the top of the charts for his Billboard Hot Dance Club Play number-one single, "Come to Me", performed by France Joli. Valentine signed with Green as her producer under the CBS Columbia Records label in 1984. Valentine Leone took the stage name Cindy Valentine, curiously missing the Leone surname she shares with the family patriarch, famed Spaghetti Western director Sergio Leone.
Career
During her six years as a lead vocalist with CBS, PolyGram and Arista Records, Valentine remained engaged with the creative process. A formally trained pianist, Valentine also contributed percussion, keyboards, and backup vocals, in addition to song writing on her records. After, "Secret Rendez-vous" and "Pickup The Pieces (To My Heart)" made the Billboard charts, Alisha (RCA), Lori Ruso (Capitol) and European singer C. C. Catch (Polygram) recorded songs composed by Valentine. A guest appearance on Jellybean Benitez's Spillin' The Beans (Atlantic Records, 1990) was Valentine's last appearance on a major record label before moving her career toward soundtrack and film.
In addition to various acting roles, Valentine's early soundtrack credits include Teen Witch (1989), co-composing two signature songs in the film with Larry Weir, Teen Witch has become a cable television and midnight-theater Halloween favorite. Valentine co-wrote the title song for Repossessed (1990) with Charles Fox (known for his work on the television series Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley), and her hit single "Pickup The Pieces (To My Heart)" appears in the film Mannequin Two: On the Move (1991). For much of the 1990s into 2003, Valentine worked behind the scenes in film and television, as a composer and musician. Composer Dominic Messinger and Valentine teamed in 1997, with credited works for the sequel to Mickey Rourke's Another 9 1/2 Weeks, and the television series As the World Turns and Sirens.
Broadcast Music, Inc.s author's database credits Valentine with 107 (ASCAP) published works as of October 30, 2012.
Valentine is a voting member of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Awards as of 2009.
In 2013, Valentine made several worst dressed lists at the red carpet appearance of the 55th annual Grammys in a rock-star styled ringleader's outfit.
In many recent instances, Valentine is credited as Valentine Leone.
Since 2000, Valentine has involved herself with horror, documentary and art genre films, such as the critically acclaimed 4Chosen: The Documentary (2008) and is credited as Producer on Ruth (2000) and co-executive producer on Souvenir Views (2003). She is an occasional television host on Time Warner's, New York City, local interest show, On the Beat, and hosted the documentary film Lisa Loeb Songwriting: Just Like You (2008), about a song-writing workshop, featuring Lisa Loeb and a girl's fourth-grade class, composing a new song. Valentine appears as Luisa in the comedy The Great Chameleon (2012), starring Stacy Keach and Robert Davi.
Discography
Rock and Roll Heart Attack
Valentine's first album, Rock & Roll Heart Attack (1984), had three singles released from the album, "Victim", "Make It Through the Night" and "Big Kiss". The majority of the songs on the album were written by Valentine's manager, Tony Green. Valentine co-wrote the song "Lust" with Aubrey Singer and Lorne Ould and was the sole composer of the song "Using Me".
Michael Damian played the part of the love-interest in the music video for the song "Victim", with Valentine singing and playing the lead role.
Secret Rendez-Vous
Valentine's 1987 album was a departure from rock and roll into the dance and club music genre, Secret Rendez-Vous was released in Canada by Polygram. Valentine co-wrote on many of the songs, provided keyboards and percussion in addition to lead and backup vocals. "Secret Rendez-vous", spent two weeks on Billboard Dance/Club chart, peaking at #43 on October 10, 1987. An additional single, "In Your Midnight Hour", was also released from the Secret Rendez-vous album in 1987.
"Pickup the Pieces (To My Heart)"
"Pick Up the Pieces (To My Heart)", was released as a single under Arista Records in 1989. "Pickup The Pieces (To My Heart)" climbed the Dance / Club charts, ending its 16-week run at #11.
"Pickup the Pieces (To My Heart)" was featured in the 1991 film Mannequin Two: On the Move and HBO's Just Can't Get Enough (2002).
An Arista debut album was planned but never materialized. These sessions are known as the lost album. Which were later released by Valentine as Mp3 albums.
Spillin' The Beans
Valentine is a featured artist on Jellybean Benitez's album Spillin' The Beans (Atlantic Records, 1990). Valentine's lead vocals from the CD included "What's Up", "Not This Time" and "Don't Let Love Come Between Us".
Valentine's World Of Music
Blame Yourself (2008) is a digital download, 13 track LP, the freshman release for Valentine's World Of Music.
Speak Your Mind (2009) is a digital download, 13 track LP of previously unreleased titles.
"Le Derrière" (2013) is a single, featuring Cindy Valentine and rapper REW***. The song was produced by Valentine and co-written with W. Nome and E. Talavara.
"Wicked Ways" (2013), is a single, solely composed by Valentine and released Oct 1, 2013.
"Wicked Ways" debuted at #3 for Most Added Dance/Crossover Tracks hit on DJ Times Magazine.
#22 on DJ Times National Club Charts - December 13, 2013.
#15 on DJ Times National Dance/Crossover Chart January 16, 2014.
A video for "Wicked Ways" will be shot in late November 2013 and released in 2014.
Compositions released by other artists
Filmography
Acting
A music video for the 1984 single "Victim" starred Valentine with a young Michael Damian as the heart-breaker in the story. Damien would go on to play the character of Danny Romalotti on the daytime television series The Young and the Restless. Valentine would also appear in episode 39 of the CBS television series Night Heat in 1986.
The Pink Chiquitas (1987): Valentine appeared in the Sci-fi comedy film, The Pink Chiquitas, featuring Frank Stallone and Eartha Kitt. Valentine played Stella Dumbrowski, a competent teenage intern working in the weather department.
Drop Out Mother (1988): Valentine was cast as a superstar named Virgin, in the made-for-TV movie Drop-out Mother with Valerie Harper and Wayne Rogers in the starring roles.
Teen Witch (1989): Valentine appeared as Shana the Rock Star and co-wrote two signature songs for the movie, Teen Witch, with composer Larry Weir. The song "Finest Hour" would be played during plot climax and "Never Gonna Be the Same Again" would open the film and play during the plot resolution. There are two popular versions of the song, "Never Gonna Be The Same Again", Valentine's live performance on-camera version and Lori Ruso's off-camera version which opens the film.
Box office competition against Teen Witch was tremendous - Field of Dreams, starring Kevin Costner and Pet Sematary, written by Stephen King, were released on April 21, 1989, two days prior to the release of Teen Witch. Teen Witch flopped at the box office, but has since become a cult classic. The Teen Witch phenomena is fueled with regular television re-broadcasts, annual inclusion on ABC's 13 Nights of Halloween and midnight theater presentations where attendees dress in 1980s in fashion and singalong with the soundtrack.
Sunset Heat (alternate title: Midnight Heat 1992): Valentine played the part of Holly in John Nicolella's 1992 feature film, Sunset Heat, starring Michael Paré, Adam Ant and Dennis Hopper.
Skins (alternate title: Gang Boys 1994): Starring, Wings Hauser, Linda Blair and Cole Hauser, credited as Valentine Leone for her part in Dream Sex Sequence.
The Lesson (2000): a short drama, filmed in black and white, with Valentine playing the part of Angela, starring Cindy Valentine, Tracy Metro and Corbin Timbrook.
Bruco (2005): A feature-length film, written and directed by Antonio D'Alfonso, starring Frank A. Caruso, Jennifer Dale and Cindy Valentine.
The Gentleman (2007): Directed by Joe Valenti, starring Jon Doscher, Rachael Robbins and Monica Leigh, Valentine was cast as Stacy.
Lisa Loeb Songwriting: Just Like You (2008): Valentine is the segment hosts for this documentary which features Lisa Loeb spending a day with a girl's fourth grade class composing a song. Starring Cindy Valentine, Lisa Loeb and Athena Reich. Directed by Joe Valenti.
On the Beat (2009): Guest host for Time Warner's New York City local interest program On the Beat.
The Great Chameleon (2012): Directed by Goran Kalezic, Valentine plays the part of Luisa, starring Victor Altomare, Stacy Keach and Robert Davi.
Soundtrack
Film
Television
Daytime television
The Bold and the Beautiful CBS
"Someone To Count On" performed by Cindy Valentine, co-written with Dominic Messinger
"One Beat Away" performed by Jennifer Finnegan, written by C.Valentine and M. Mattioli
The Young and the Restless CBS
"Pick Up The Pieces" performed by Cindy Valentine, co-written with Tony Green
Another World NBC
"Streets Are My Destiny"
Someone to Count On"
performed by Cindy Valentine, co-written with Dominic Messinger
Sunset Beach NBC
"I'm Not The Jury"
"Walk Away"
performed by Cindy Valentine, co-written with Dominic Messinger
Prime-time television
Sirens
"Calibria de Core"
"Turn it Out"
"Speak Your Mind"
"Secret Rendez-vous"
"Party"
Composed and performed by Cindy Valentine
Due South (CTV Canada, CBS USA) Episode "Juliet is Bleeding"
"Ghost of a Feeling"
Performed by Cindy Valentine co-written with Jud Friedman
Producer
Ruth (2000) short film
Written and directed by, Richard Bairos
Produced and production by, C. Valentine Leone
Music and mixing by, C. Valentine Leone
5th Annual Los Angeles Film Festival
Universal Pictures
Souvenir Views (2003), a 22-minute documentary, starring Marc Larre Miranda
Written and directed by, Begonya Plaza
Co-executive producer, C. Valentine Leone
Original music by Larry Gallo, Cindy Valentine Leone, Sarah Plant.
Tribeca Film Festival and Festival 2003
Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de La Habana in Havana, Cuba, 2004 in Gerona, Spain.
Izar Productions Inc.
Advocacy
Diabetes Foundation
North Shore Animal Hospital
References
External links
Valentine Productions
1975 births
Living people
American women pop singers
American women singer-songwriters
Actresses from Toronto
Singers from Toronto
American film actresses
American television actresses
21st-century American actresses
Women film score composers
American music arrangers
Child pop musicians
Canadian child singers
21st-century American composers
Arista Records artists
Atlantic Records artists
RCA Records artists
A&M Records artists
Polydor Records artists
Columbia Records artists
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women singers
21st-century Canadian women singers
20th-century Canadian women singers
21st-century women composers
20th-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters |
Herman Vanspringel (14 August 1943 – 25 August 2022), also spelled Herman Van Springel, was a Belgian road racing cyclist, from Grobbendonk, in the Flemish Campine or Kempen region. He achieved podium finishes in all three of the grand tours with second place in the 1968 Tour de France and 1971 Giro d'Italia, and third place in the 1970 Vuelta a España. He wore the maillot jaune during four stages of the 1968 Tour de France and for three stages in 1973.
Career
Vanspringel was an accomplished time-trial rider, almost winning the Tour de France in 1968. He was beaten in the last stage by Dutch rider Jan Janssen in a time-trial. This remains as one of the closest races in Tour de France history. In the autumn that year, he won the classic Giro di Lombardia.
He won a record seven editions of the marathon Bordeaux–Paris. He also won the Green Jersey in the 1973 Tour de France without winning a single stage. He finished in 6th place overall that year, the third time in his career he would finish in the top 10 of the Tour de France. He would finish in the top 10 one final time during the 1974 edition. He would win a total of five stages during his ten participations in the Tour.
He was not allowed to ride the 1972 Tour de France due to signing for rival team Rokado for the 1973 season.
Vanspringel cycled through the 1970s and ended his career at the end of the 1981 season. As a professional cyclist, he eventually won 136 road races.
Flemish TV-maker and presenter, Mark Uytterhoeven, motivated by the 1968 Tour, founded a Herman Vanspringel fan club.
Major results
Sources:
1963
3rd Tour de Liège
1964
3rd Brussels-Opwijk
1966
1st Gent–Wevelgem
1st Brussel–Ingooigem
1st Flèche Hesbignonne
1st Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
1st Stage 2 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Prix de St. Amands
3rd Milan–San Remo
3rd Circuit des Frontières
6th Overall Tour de France
1967
1st Stages 6 (TTT) & Stage 7 Tour de France
1st Flèche Hesbignonne
2nd Overall Tour of Belgium
1st Stage 2b
2nd Bordeaux–Paris
2nd Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
3rd Antwerpse Havenpijl
1968
1st Super Prestige Pernod International
2nd Road race, UCI Road World Championships
2nd Overall Tour de France
1st Stages 3 (TTT) & 13
Held after stages 3a-3b and 19-22a
1st Giro di Lombardia
1st Omloop Het Volk
1st Omloop van Midden-België
1st Trefle a Quatre Feuilles
2nd Paris–Roubaix
2nd Grand Prix des Nations
2nd Trofeo Baracchi (with Ole Ritter)
2nd Wattrelos–Meulebeke
3rd Rund um den Henniger Turm
3rd Overall Tour de Suisse
1st Stage 1
3rd Overall Tour of Belgium
1st Stage 1
3rd E3 Harelbeke
1969
1st Stages 10 and 21 Tour de France
1st Paris–Tours
1st Stages 4, 7 and 10 Tour de Suisse
1st Grand Prix des Nations
1st Overall À travers Lausanne
1st Stages 1 (TTT) & 2
1st Trofeo Baracchi with Joaquim Agostinho
1st Stage 1 Four Days of Dunkirk
1st Rund um den Henninger-Turm
1st Trofeo Baracchi (with Joaquim Agostinho)
1st G.P de Baden-Baden (with Roger De Vlaeminck)
1st Omloop van Midden-België
1st GP van Malderen
2nd Giro di Lombardia
2nd Wattrelos–Meulebeke
2nd Grand Prix Pino Cerami
3rd Overall Tour of Belgium
1st Stage 2b
3rd Rund um den Henninger Turm
3rd Gran Premio di Lugano
1970
1st Bordeaux–Paris
1st Brabantse Pijl
1st Grand Prix des Nations
1st Schaal Sels
1st Heistse Pijl
1st Omloop Schelde-Durme
1st Omloop van het Zuidwesten
1st Stage 3 Tour of Belgium
2nd Belgian National Road Race Championships
2nd Critérium des As
3rd Overall Vuelta a España
3rd Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
3rd Trofeo Baracchi with Willy In't Ven
1971
1st National Road race Championships
1st Stages 1 (TTT) & 16b Tour de France
1st Züri-Metzgete
1st Nokere Koerse
1st G.P de Baden-Baden (with Eddy Merckx)
1st GP Union Dortmund
1st Wattrelos–Meulebeke
1st Cronostafetta
1st Maaslandse Pijl
2nd Overall Giro d'Italia
2nd Overall Tour of Belgium
1st Stage 3
2nd Paris–Roubaix
2nd Boucles de l'Aulne
3rd Overall Giro di Sardegna
3rd Gran Premio di Lugano
1972
1st Interclubs TTT, National Road Championships
1st GP Stad Zottegem
1st Cronostafetta
1st Trofee Luc Van Biesen
1st Kessel–Lier
1st Brussels–Biévenne
1st Wezenbeek–Oppem
2nd Brabantse Pijl
2nd Scheldeprijs
2nd Overall Tour de la Nouvelle-France
2nd Leeuwse Pijl
2nd Giro del Mendrisio
2nd Trefle a Quatre Feuilles
3rd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
3rd Tour du Condroz
3rd Subida a Arrate
3rd Omloop der Grensstreek
1973
1st Stage 9 Volta a Catalunya
1st Stage 4 Tour de Suisse
1st Stage 6 (TTT) Paris–Nice
2nd Grand Prix of Aargau Canton
2nd Overall Tour of Belgium
1st Stage 1 (TTT)
2nd Overall Giro di Sardegna
3rd Amstel Gold Race
3rd Brabantse Pijl
3rd Giro di Lombardia
3rd Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
6th Overall Tour de France
1st points classification
Held after stages 1b-2b
1974
1st Brabantse Pijl
1st E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
1st Boucles de l'Aulne
1st Bordeaux–Paris
1st GP Betekom
3rd Overall Tour de Luxembourg
3rd Grand Prix Impanis-Van Petegem
1975
1st Bordeaux–Paris
1st GP Desselgem
1st Omloop van Oost-Vlaanderen
2nd Critérium des As
3rd Overall Tour de Luxembourg
3rd Omloop van Neeroeteren
1976
1st Nationale Sluitingsprijs
1st Grand Prix de Wallonie
2nd Bordeaux–Paris
2nd Rebecq-Rognon
2nd Omloop der Leievallei
1977
1st Bordeaux–Paris
1st Stage 7 Paris–Nice
1st Stage 2 Three Days of De Panne
2nd Flèche Hesbignonne
2nd Critérium des As
3rd La Flèche Wallonne
1978
1st Bordeaux–Paris
1st Le Samyn
1st Omloop van het Houtland
2nd Gullegem Koerse
2nd Brabantse Pijl
3rd Critérium des As
1979
2nd Overall Tour of Belgium
1st Stage 5
2nd Omloop der Grensstreek
3rd Bordeaux–Paris
1st Stage 4a
3rd GP Stad Zottegem
1980
1st Bordeaux–Paris
2nd Critérium des As
3rd Grand Prix Impanis-Van Petegem
3rd Omloop van Midden-Brabant
1981
1st Bordeaux–Paris
2nd Critérium des As
2nd Nokere Koerse
2nd GP Beeckman
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
Source:
Honours
A cycling race, Herman Vanspringels Diamond: From 1988
Honorary Citizen of Grobbendonk
Honorary Citizen of Kalmthout
A bust in Grobbendonk: 2022
Books
Herman Vanspringel – De Winnende Verliezer (112p, ISBN 9789053121399) by Robert Janssens and Tom Willems: 1999
Herman Vanspringel (48p, ISBN 9789074128339) by Noël Truyers: 1999
Herman Vanspringel 68 (159p, ISBN 9789491376016) by Mark Uytterhoeven: 2011
Herman Vanspringels Diamonds For Ever (207p) by Luc Wuyts and Marc Uytterhoeven: 2020
References
External links
1943 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Belgian people
21st-century Belgian people
Belgian male cyclists
Belgian Tour de France stage winners
Tour de Suisse stage winners
Cyclists from Antwerp Province
People from Ranst
Super Prestige Pernod winners |
```javascript
function function_declaration()
// this is a function
{
return 42
}
(function named()
// this is a function
{
return 42
})();
(function ()
// this is a function
{
return 42
})();
/* anonymous declaration */
export default function ()
// this is a function
{
return 42
}
a = {
foo()
// this is a function
{},
bar: function()
// this is a function
{},
}
``` |
Usance refers to the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs. In manufacturing, "usance" means "inputs." It is used in "usance bills."
In medieval banking, "usance" denoted the period of time, set by custom, before a bill of exchange could be redeemed at its destination.
References
Manufacturing
History of banking
Medieval economics |
```python
#! /usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
# Lefteris Karapetsas copied this from here:
# path_to_url
# so that I can include a python-only keccak implementation for the DAO tests
# without having users of the tests download external packages using pip
# The Keccak sponge function was designed by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen,
# Michal Peeters and Gilles Van Assche. For more information, feedback or
# questions, please refer to their website: path_to_url
#
# Based on the implementation by Renaud Bauvin,
# from path_to_url
#
# Modified by Moshe Kaplan to be hashlib-compliant
#
# To the extent possible under law, the implementer has waived all copyright
# and related or neighboring rights to the source code in this file.
# path_to_url
import math
def sha3_224(data=None):
return Keccak(c=448, r=1152, n=224, data=data)
def sha3_256(data=None):
return Keccak(c=512, r=1088, n=256, data=data)
def sha3_384(data=None):
return Keccak(c=768, r=832, n=384, data=data)
def sha3_512(data=None):
return Keccak(c=1024, r=576, n=512, data=data)
class KeccakError(Exception):
"""Custom error Class used in the Keccak implementation"""
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def __str__(self):
return repr(self.value)
class Keccak:
def __init__(self, r, c, n, data=None):
# Initialize the constants used throughout Keccak
# bitrate
self.r = r
# capacity
self.c = c
# output size
self.n = n
self.b = r + c
# b = 25*w
self.w = self.b // 25
# 2**l = w
self.l = int(math.log(self.w, 2))
self.n_r = 12 + 2 * self.l
self.block_size = r
self.digest_size = n
# Initialize the state of the sponge
# The state is made up of 25 words, each word being w bits.
self.S = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
# A string of hexchars, where each char represents 4 bits.
self.buffered_data = ""
# Store the calculated digest.
# We'll only apply padding and recalculate the hash if it's modified.
self.last_digest = None
if data:
self.update(data)
# Constants
# Round constants
RC = [0x0000000000000001,
0x0000000000008082,
0x800000000000808A,
0x8000000080008000,
0x000000000000808B,
0x0000000080000001,
0x8000000080008081,
0x8000000000008009,
0x000000000000008A,
0x0000000000000088,
0x0000000080008009,
0x000000008000000A,
0x000000008000808B,
0x800000000000008B,
0x8000000000008089,
0x8000000000008003,
0x8000000000008002,
0x8000000000000080,
0x000000000000800A,
0x800000008000000A,
0x8000000080008081,
0x8000000000008080,
0x0000000080000001,
0x8000000080008008]
# Rotation offsets
r = [[0, 36, 3, 41, 18],
[1, 44, 10, 45, 2],
[62, 6, 43, 15, 61],
[28, 55, 25, 21, 56],
[27, 20, 39, 8, 14]]
@staticmethod
def Round(A, RCfixed, w):
"""Perform one round of computation as defined in the Keccak-f permutation
A: current state (5x5 matrix)
RCfixed: value of round constant to use (integer)
"""
# Initialization of temporary variables
B = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
C = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
D = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
# Theta step
for x in range(5):
C[x] = A[x][0] ^ A[x][1] ^ A[x][2] ^ A[x][3] ^ A[x][4]
for x in range(5):
D[x] = C[(x - 1) % 5] ^ _rot(C[(x + 1) % 5], 1, w)
for x in range(5):
for y in range(5):
A[x][y] = A[x][y] ^ D[x]
# Rho and Pi steps
for x in range(5):
for y in range(5):
B[y][(2 * x + 3 * y) % 5] = _rot(A[x][y], Keccak.r[x][y], w)
# Chi step
for x in range(5):
for y in range(5):
A[x][y] = B[x][y] ^ ((~B[(x + 1) % 5][y]) & B[(x + 2) % 5][y])
# Iota step
A[0][0] = A[0][0] ^ RCfixed
return A
@staticmethod
def KeccakF(A, n_r, w):
"""Perform Keccak-f function on the state A
A: 5x5 matrix containing the state, where each entry is a string of
hexchars that is 'w' bits long
n_r: number of rounds
w: word size
"""
for i in xrange(n_r):
A = Keccak.Round(A, Keccak.RC[i] % (1 << w), w)
return A
# Padding rule
# This is a disgusting piece of code. Clean it.
@staticmethod
def pad10star1(M, n):
"""Pad M with the pad10*1 padding rule to reach a length multiple of r bits
M: message pair (length in bits, string of hex characters ('9AFC...')
n: length in bits (must be a multiple of 8)
Example: pad10star1([60, 'BA594E0FB9EBBD30'],8) returns 'BA594E0FB9EBBD93'
"""
[my_string_length, my_string] = M
# Check the parameter n
if n % 8 != 0:
raise KeccakError.KeccakError("n must be a multiple of 8")
# Check the length of the provided string
if len(my_string) % 2 != 0:
# Pad with one '0' to reach correct length (don't know test
# vectors coding)
my_string += '0'
if my_string_length > (len(my_string) // 2 * 8):
raise KeccakError.KeccakError(
"the string is too short to contain "
"the number of bits announced"
)
nr_bytes_filled = my_string_length // 8
nbr_bits_filled = my_string_length % 8
l = my_string_length % n
if ((n - 8) <= l <= (n - 2)):
if (nbr_bits_filled == 0):
my_byte = 0
else:
my_byte = int(my_string[nr_bytes_filled * 2:nr_bytes_filled * 2 + 2], 16)
my_byte = (my_byte >> (8 - nbr_bits_filled))
my_byte = my_byte + 2 ** (nbr_bits_filled) + 2 ** 7
my_byte = "%02X" % my_byte
my_string = my_string[0:nr_bytes_filled * 2] + my_byte
else:
if (nbr_bits_filled == 0):
my_byte = 0
else:
my_byte = int(my_string[nr_bytes_filled * 2:nr_bytes_filled * 2 + 2], 16)
my_byte = (my_byte >> (8 - nbr_bits_filled))
my_byte = my_byte + 2 ** (nbr_bits_filled)
my_byte = "%02X" % my_byte
my_string = my_string[0:nr_bytes_filled * 2] + my_byte
while((8 * len(my_string) // 2) % n < (n - 8)):
my_string = my_string + '00'
my_string = my_string + '80'
return my_string
def update(self, arg):
# Update the hash object with the string arg. Repeated calls are #
# equivalent to a single call with the concatenation of all the
# arguments: m.update(a); m.update(b) is equivalent to m.update(a+b).
# arg is a normal bytestring.
self.last_digest = None
# Convert the data into a workable format, and add it to the buffer
self.buffered_data += arg.encode('hex')
# Absorb any blocks we can:
if len(self.buffered_data) * 4 >= self.r:
extra_bits = len(self.buffered_data) * 4 % self.r
# An exact fit!
if extra_bits == 0:
P = self.buffered_data
self.buffered_data = ""
else:
# Slice it up into the first r*a bits, for some constant a>=1,
# and the remaining total-r*a bits.
P = self.buffered_data[:-extra_bits // 4]
self.buffered_data = self.buffered_data[-extra_bits // 4:]
# Absorbing phase
for i in xrange((len(P) * 8 // 2) // self.r):
to_convert = P[i * (2 * self.r // 8):(i + 1) * (2 * self.r // 8)] + '00' * (self.c // 8)
P_i = _convertStrToTable(to_convert, self.w, self.b)
# First apply the XOR to the state + block
for y in xrange(5):
for x in xrange(5):
self.S[x][y] = self.S[x][y] ^ P_i[x][y]
# Then apply the block permutation, Keccak-F
self.S = Keccak.KeccakF(self.S, self.n_r, self.w)
def digest(self):
"""Return the digest of the strings passed to the update() method so far.
This is a string of digest_size bytes which may contain non-ASCII
characters, including null bytes."""
if self.last_digest:
return self.last_digest
# UGLY WARNING
# Handle bytestring/hexstring conversions
M = _build_message_pair(self.buffered_data.decode('hex'))
# First finish the padding and force the final update:
self.buffered_data = Keccak.pad10star1(M, self.r)
self.update('')
# UGLY WARNING over
assert len(self.buffered_data) == 0, "Why is there data left in the buffer? %s with length %d" % (self.buffered_data, len(self.buffered_data) * 4)
# Squeezing time!
Z = ''
outputLength = self.n
while outputLength > 0:
string = _convertTableToStr(self.S, self.w)
# Read the first 'r' bits of the state
Z = Z + string[:self.r * 2 // 8]
outputLength -= self.r
if outputLength > 0:
S = KeccakF(S, verbose)
self.last_digest = Z[:2 * self.n // 8].decode('hex')
return self.last_digest
def hexdigest(self):
"""Like digest() except the digest is returned as a string of hex digits
This may be used to exchange the value safely in email or other
non-binary environments."""
return self.digest().encode('hex')
def copy(self):
# First initialize whatever can be done normally
duplicate = Keccak(c=self.c, r=self.r, n=self.n)
# Then copy over the state.
for i in xrange(5):
for j in xrange(5):
duplicate.S[i][j] = self.S[i][j]
# and any other stored data
duplicate.buffered_data = self.buffered_data
duplicate.last_digest = self.last_digest
return duplicate
# Generic utility functions
def _build_message_pair(data):
hex_data = data.encode('hex')
size = len(hex_data) * 4
return (size, hex_data)
def _rot(x, shift_amount, length):
"""Rotate x shift_amount bits to the left, considering the \
string of bits is length bits long"""
shift_amount = shift_amount % length
return ((x >> (length - shift_amount)) +
(x << shift_amount)) % (1 << length)
# Conversion functions String <-> Table (and vice-versa)
def _fromHexStringToLane(string):
"""Convert a string of bytes written in hexadecimal to a lane value"""
# Check that the string has an even number of characters
# i.e. whole number of bytes
if len(string) % 2 != 0:
raise KeccakError.KeccakError(
"The provided string does not end with a full byte"
)
# Perform the conversion
temp = ''
nrBytes = len(string) // 2
for i in xrange(nrBytes):
offset = (nrBytes - i - 1) * 2
temp += string[offset:offset + 2]
return int(temp, 16)
def _fromLaneToHexString(lane, w):
"""Convert a lane value to a string of bytes written in hexadecimal"""
laneHexBE = (("%%0%dX" % (w // 4)) % lane)
# Perform the conversion
temp = ''
nrBytes = len(laneHexBE) // 2
for i in xrange(nrBytes):
offset = (nrBytes - i - 1) * 2
temp += laneHexBE[offset:offset + 2]
return temp.upper()
def _convertStrToTable(string, w, b):
"""Convert a string of hex-chars to its 5x5 matrix representation
string: string of bytes of hex-coded bytes (e.g. '9A2C...')"""
# Check that the input paramaters are expected
if w % 8 != 0:
raise KeccakError("w is not a multiple of 8")
# Each character in the string represents 4 bits.
# The string should have exactly 'b' bits.
if len(string) * 4 != b:
raise KeccakError.KeccakError(
"string can't be divided in 25 blocks of w bits"
"i.e. string must have exactly b bits"
)
# Convert
output = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
bits_per_char = 2 * w // 8
for x in xrange(5):
for y in xrange(5):
# Each entry will have b/25=w bits.
offset = (5 * y + x) * bits_per_char
# Store the data into the associated word.
hexstring = string[offset:offset + bits_per_char]
output[x][y] = _fromHexStringToLane(hexstring)
return output
def _convertTableToStr(table, w):
"""Convert a 5x5 matrix representation to its string representation"""
# Check input format
if w % 8 != 0:
raise KeccakError.KeccakError("w is not a multiple of 8")
if (len(table) != 5) or any(len(row) != 5 for row in table):
raise KeccakError.KeccakError("table must be 5x5")
# Convert
output = [''] * 25
for x in xrange(5):
for y in xrange(5):
output[5 * y + x] = _fromLaneToHexString(table[x][y], w)
output = ''.join(output).upper()
return output
``` |
Nuno da Cunha (c. 1487 – March 5, 1539) was a Portuguese admiral who was governor of Portuguese possessions in India from 1529 to 1538. He was the governor of Portuguese Asia that ruled for more time in the sixteenth century in a total of nine years. He was the son of Antónia Pais and Tristão da Cunha, the famous Portuguese navigator, admiral and ambassador to Pope Leo X. Nuno da Cunha proved his mettle in battles at Oja and Brava, and at the capture of Panane, under the viceroy Francisco de Almeida. Named by João III ninth governor of Portuguese possessions in India, he served from April 1529 to 1538. He was named to end the government of governor Lopo Vaz de Sampaio (1526–1529) and brought orders, by King John III of Portugal, to send Sampaio in chains for Portugal. This delicate mission by the King was justified by their close connection ever since the king was still a prince.
On his passage to Goa, he subdued the pirates at Mombasa who had been harassing the coast of Portuguese Mozambique. Mozambique had been brought within the Portuguese trading orbit and provided watering stations essential to Portugal's lifeline to the west coast of India. Nuno's brothers Pero Vaz da Cunha and Simão da Cunha were expected to serve under him as second and third in command, a form of nepotism that was expected in the Portuguese Estado da Índia. However, they died on the voyage, and Nuno was forced to rely upon local networks of clientage in Goa during his long rule.
In 1529, Nuno sent an expedition that sacked and burned the city of Damão on the Arabian Sea at the mouth of the Damão River, about 100 miles north of Mumbai in the Muslim state of Gujarat. Forces under his control captured Baxay (now Vasai, often mistaken for Basra in Iraq) from the Muslim ruler of Gujarat, Bahadur Shah, on January 20, 1533. The next year, renamed Bassein, the city became the capital of the Portuguese province of the North, and the great citadel of black basalt, still standing, was begun. (It was completed in 1548.)
Forced to return to Portugal as a result of court intrigues, he was shipwrecked at the Cape of Good Hope and drowned. His first marriage was to Maria da Cunha, and his second marriage was to Isabel da Silveira. The main source for Nuno da Cunha's career is the Portuguese historian João de Barros (1496–1570), famous for his history of the Portuguese in their overseas territories. The work, is full of lively detail, with incidents described like the king of Viantana's killing of the Portuguese ambassadors to Malacca with boiling water and their bodies thrown to dogs.
Gallery
See also
Gujarati-Portuguese conflicts
External links
Portugal: Dicionario Historico
Cunha coat-of-arms
Andreia Martins de Carvalho, "Family networks and clientelism: impact on the political structure and decision making of the “Estado da Índia”": abstract
Governors-General of Portuguese India
Portuguese explorers
1483 births
1539 deaths
Deaths by drowning
1520s in Portuguese India
1530s in Portuguese India
1529 in India
1538 in India
16th-century explorers
15th-century Portuguese people
16th-century Portuguese people |
```java
/**
* <p>
* <p>
* path_to_url
* <p>
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package com.justwayward.reader.wifitransfer;
import android.util.Log;
import com.justwayward.reader.api.BookApi;
import com.justwayward.reader.bean.BookMixAToc;
import com.justwayward.reader.bean.ChapterRead;
import com.justwayward.reader.manager.CacheManager;
import com.justwayward.reader.utils.FileUtils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import nl.siegmann.epublib.domain.Book;
import rx.Observer;
public abstract class NanoHTTPD {
/*
* Pseudo-Parameter to use to store the actual query string in the
* parameters map for later re-processing.
*/
public static final String QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER = "NanoHttpd.QUERY_STRING";
/**
* Common mime types for dynamic content
*/
public static final String MIME_PLAINTEXT = "text/plain";
public static final String MIME_HTML = "text/html";
public static final String MIME_DEFAULT_BINARY = "application/octet-stream";
private final String hostname;
private final int myPort;
private ServerSocket myServerSocket;
private Thread myThread;
private TempFileManagerFactory tempFileManagerFactory;
private AsyncRunner asyncRunner;
/**
* Constructs an HTTP server on given port.
*/
public NanoHTTPD(int port) {
this(null, port);
}
public NanoHTTPD(String hostname, int port) {
this.hostname = hostname;
this.myPort = port;
this.tempFileManagerFactory = new DefaultTempFileManagerFactory();
this.asyncRunner = new DefaultAsyncRunner();
}
/**
* Starts the server
* <p/>
* Throws an IOException if the socket is already in use
*/
public void start() throws IOException {
Log.i("NanoHTTPD", "server start");
myServerSocket = new ServerSocket();
myServerSocket.bind((hostname != null) ? new InetSocketAddress(
hostname, myPort) : new InetSocketAddress(myPort));
myThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
do {
try {
final Socket finalAccept = myServerSocket.accept();
Log.i("NanoHTTPD",
"accept request from "
+ finalAccept.getInetAddress());
InputStream inputStream = finalAccept.getInputStream();
OutputStream outputStream = finalAccept
.getOutputStream();
TempFileManager tempFileManager = tempFileManagerFactory
.create();
final HTTPSession session = new HTTPSession(
tempFileManager, inputStream, outputStream);
asyncRunner.exec(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
session.run();
if (finalAccept != null) {
try {
finalAccept.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
}
} while (!myServerSocket.isClosed());
}
});
myThread.setDaemon(true);
myThread.setName("NanoHttpd Main Listener");
myThread.start();
}
/**
* Stops the server.
*/
public void stop() {
Log.i("NanoHTTPD", "server stop");
try {
myServerSocket.close();
myThread.join();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void setTempFileManagerFactory(
TempFileManagerFactory tempFileManagerFactory) {
this.tempFileManagerFactory = tempFileManagerFactory;
}
public void setAsyncRunner(AsyncRunner asyncRunner) {
this.asyncRunner = asyncRunner;
}
/**
* Override this to customize the server.
* <p/>
* <p/>
* (By default, this delegates to serveFile() and allows directory listing.)
*
* @param uri Percent-decoded URI without parameters, for example
* "/index.cgi"
* @param method "GET", "POST" etc.
* @param parms Parsed, percent decoded parameters from URI and, in case of
* POST, data.
* @param header Header entries, percent decoded
* @return HTTP response, see class Response for details
*/
public abstract Response serve(String uri, Method method,
Map<String, String> header, Map<String, String> parms,
Map<String, String> files);
/**
* Decodes the percent encoding scheme. <br/>
* For example: "an+example%20string" -> "an example string"
*/
protected String decodePercent(String str) throws InterruptedException {
try {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
switch (c) {
case '+':
sb.append(' ');
break;
case '%':
sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(
str.substring(i + 1, i + 3), 16));
i += 2;
break;
default:
sb.append(c);
break;
}
}
return sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
protected Map<String, List<String>> decodeParameters(
Map<String, String> parms) {
return this.decodeParameters(parms.get(QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER));
}
protected Map<String, List<String>> decodeParameters(String queryString) {
Map<String, List<String>> parms = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
if (queryString != null) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(queryString, "&");
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String e = st.nextToken();
int sep = e.indexOf('=');
try {
String propertyName = (sep >= 0) ? decodePercent(
e.substring(0, sep)).trim() : decodePercent(e)
.trim();
if (!parms.containsKey(propertyName)) {
parms.put(propertyName, new ArrayList<String>());
}
String propertyValue = (sep >= 0) ? decodePercent(e
.substring(sep + 1)) : null;
if (propertyValue != null) {
parms.get(propertyName).add(propertyValue);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return parms;
}
public enum Method {
GET, PUT, POST, DELETE;
static Method lookup(String method) {
for (Method m : Method.values()) {
if (m.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
return m;
}
}
return null;
}
}
public interface AsyncRunner {
void exec(Runnable code);
}
public interface TempFileManagerFactory {
TempFileManager create();
}
public interface TempFileManager {
TempFile createTempFile() throws Exception;
void clear();
}
public interface TempFile {
OutputStream open() throws Exception;
void delete() throws Exception;
String getName();
}
/**
* HTTP response. Return one of these from serve().
*/
public static class Response {
private String bookId;
private BookMixAToc.mixToc bookMix;
private BookApi bookApi;
/**
* HTTP status code after processing, e.g. "200 OK", HTTP_OK
*/
public Status status;
/**
* MIME type of content, e.g. "text/html"
*/
public String mimeType;
/**
* Data of the response, may be null.
*/
public InputStream data;
/**
* Headers for the HTTP response. Use addHeader() to add lines.
*/
public Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<String, String>();
/**
* Default constructor: response = HTTP_OK, mime = MIME_HTML and your
* supplied message
*/
public Response(String msg) {
this(Status.OK, MIME_HTML, msg);
}
/**
* start Chapters index
*/
public int start;
/**
* Basic constructor.
*/
public Response(Status status, String mimeType, InputStream data) {
this.status = status;
this.mimeType = mimeType;
this.data = data;
}
/**
* Convenience method that makes an InputStream out of given text.
*/
public Response(Status status, String mimeType, String txt) {
this.status = status;
this.mimeType = mimeType;
try {
this.data = new ByteArrayInputStream(txt.getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee) {
uee.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Response(Status status, String mimeType, String bookId, BookMixAToc.mixToc bookMix, BookApi bookApi, int start) {
this.status = status;
this.mimeType = mimeType;
this.bookId = bookId;
this.bookMix = bookMix;
this.bookApi = bookApi;
this.start = start;
}
public static void error(OutputStream outputStream, Status error,
String message) {
new Response(error, MIME_PLAINTEXT, message).send(outputStream);
}
/**
* Adds given line to the header.
*/
public void addHeader(String name, String value) {
header.put(name, value);
}
/**
* Sends given response to the socket.
*/
private void send(OutputStream outputStream) {
String mime = mimeType;
SimpleDateFormat gmtFrmt = new SimpleDateFormat(
"E, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'", Locale.US);
gmtFrmt.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
try {
if (status == null) {
throw new Error("sendResponse(): Status can't be null.");
}
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
pw.print("HTTP/1.0 " + status.getDescription() + " \r\n");
if (mime != null) {
pw.print("Content-Type: " + mime + "\r\n");
}
if (header == null || header.get("Date") == null) {
pw.print("Date: " + gmtFrmt.format(new Date()) + "\r\n");
}
if (header != null) {
for (String key : header.keySet()) {
String value = header.get(key);
pw.print(key + ": " + value + "\r\n");
}
}
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.flush();
sendInputData(outputStream, data);
//
witBook(pw, outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
if (data != null)
data.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
// Couldn't write? No can do.
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void witBook(final PrintWriter pw, OutputStream outputStream) {
if (this.bookMix == null) {
return;
}
final List<BookMixAToc.mixToc.Chapters> list = this.bookMix.chapters;
for (int i = start; i < list.size(); i++) {
final BookMixAToc.mixToc.Chapters character = list.get(i);
final String title = character.title;
File fileIndex = CacheManager.getInstance().getChapterFile(this.bookId, i + 1);
if (fileIndex != null) {
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(fileIndex);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.print(title);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.flush();
sendInputData(outputStream, fis);
outputStream.flush();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fis != null) {
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
} else {
// 350ms
try {
Thread.sleep(350);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.i("tag_", "onload: " + character.link);
//
final int finalI = i;
bookApi.getChapterRead(character.link).subscribe(new Observer<ChapterRead>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
// call(integer, observer);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(ChapterRead chapterRead) {
Log.i("tag_", "onload end: chapterRead -> " + title);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.print(title);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.print(chapterRead.chapter.body);
pw.flush();
//
CacheManager.getInstance().saveChapterFile(Response.this.bookId, finalI, chapterRead.chapter);
}
});
}
}
}
// public String getTitle(File file ,int i ,BookMixAToc.mixToc mixToc){
// if(mixToc != null && mixToc.chapters != null && i < mixToc.chapters.size() ){
// return mixToc.chapters.get(i).title;
// }else{
// return "" + FileUtils.getFileNameNotType(file) + "";
// }
//
// }
private void sendInputData(OutputStream outputStream, InputStream data) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
int pending = data.available(); // This is to support
// partial sends, see
// serveFile()
int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024;
byte[] buff = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
while (pending > 0) {
int read = data.read(buff, 0,
((pending > BUFFER_SIZE) ? BUFFER_SIZE
: pending));
if (read <= 0) {
break;
}
outputStream.write(buff, 0, read);
pending -= read;
}
}
}
/**
* Some HTTP response status codes
*/
public enum Status {
OK(200, "OK"), CREATED(201, "Created"), NO_CONTENT(204,
"No Content"), PARTIAL_CONTENT(206, "Partial Content"), REDIRECT(
301, "Moved Permanently"), NOT_MODIFIED(304, "Not Modified"), BAD_REQUEST(
400, "Bad Request"), UNAUTHORIZED(401, "Unauthorized"), FORBIDDEN(
403, "Forbidden"), NOT_FOUND(404, "Not Found"), RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE(
416, "Requested Range Not Satisfiable"), INTERNAL_ERROR(
500, "Internal Server Error");
private int requestStatus;
private String descr;
Status(int requestStatus, String descr) {
this.requestStatus = requestStatus;
this.descr = descr;
}
public int getRequestStatus() {
return this.requestStatus;
}
public String getDescription() {
return "" + this.requestStatus + " " + descr;
}
}
}
public static class DefaultTempFile implements TempFile {
private File file;
private OutputStream fstream;
public DefaultTempFile(String tempdir) throws IOException {
file = File.createTempFile("NanoHTTPD-", "", new File(tempdir));
fstream = new FileOutputStream(file);
}
@Override
public OutputStream open() throws Exception {
return fstream;
}
@Override
public void delete() throws Exception {
file.delete();
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return file.getAbsolutePath();
}
}
/**
* Handles one session, i.e. parses the HTTP request and returns the
* response.
*/
protected class HTTPSession implements Runnable {
public static final int BUFSIZE = 8192;
private final TempFileManager tempFileManager;
private InputStream inputStream;
private OutputStream outputStream;
public HTTPSession(TempFileManager tempFileManager,
InputStream inputStream, OutputStream outputStream) {
this.tempFileManager = tempFileManager;
this.inputStream = inputStream;
this.outputStream = outputStream;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
if (inputStream == null) {
return;
}
// Read the first 8192 bytes.
// The full header should fit in here.
// Apache's default header limit is 8KB.
// Do NOT assume that a single read will get the entire header
// at once!
byte[] buf = new byte[BUFSIZE];
int splitbyte = 0;
int rlen = 0;
{
int read = inputStream.read(buf, 0, BUFSIZE);
while (read > 0) {
rlen += read;
splitbyte = findHeaderEnd(buf, rlen);
if (splitbyte > 0)
break;
read = inputStream.read(buf, rlen, BUFSIZE - rlen);
}
}
// Create a BufferedReader for parsing the header.
BufferedReader hin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
new ByteArrayInputStream(buf, 0, rlen)));
Map<String, String> pre = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, String> parms = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, String> files = new HashMap<String, String>();
// Decode the header into parms and header java properties
decodeHeader(hin, pre, parms, header);
Method method = Method.lookup(pre.get("method"));
if (method == null) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Syntax error.");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
String uri = pre.get("uri");
long size = extractContentLength(header);
// Write the part of body already read to ByteArrayOutputStream
// f
RandomAccessFile f = getTmpBucket();
if (splitbyte < rlen) {
f.write(buf, splitbyte, rlen - splitbyte);
}
// While Firefox sends on the first read all the data fitting
// our buffer, Chrome and Opera send only the headers even if
// there is data for the body. We do some magic here to find
// out whether we have already consumed part of body, if we
// have reached the end of the data to be sent or we should
// expect the first byte of the body at the next read.
if (splitbyte < rlen) {
size -= rlen - splitbyte + 1;
} else if (splitbyte == 0 || size == 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFl) {
size = 0;
}
// Now read all the body and write it to f
buf = new byte[512];
while (rlen >= 0 && size > 0) {
rlen = inputStream.read(buf, 0, 512);
size -= rlen;
if (rlen > 0) {
f.write(buf, 0, rlen);
}
}
// Get the raw body as a byte []
ByteBuffer fbuf = f.getChannel().map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, f.length());
f.seek(0);
// Create a BufferedReader for easily reading it as string.
InputStream bin = new FileInputStream(f.getFD());
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
bin));
// If the method is POST, there may be parameters
// in data section, too, read it:
if (Method.POST.equals(method)) {
String contentType = "";
String contentTypeHeader = header.get("content-type");
StringTokenizer st = null;
if (contentTypeHeader != null) {
st = new StringTokenizer(contentTypeHeader, ",; ");
if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
contentType = st.nextToken();
}
}
if ("multipart/form-data".equalsIgnoreCase(contentType)) {
// Handle multipart/form-data
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Content type is multipart/form-data but boundary missing. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
String boundaryStartString = "boundary=";
int boundaryContentStart = contentTypeHeader
.indexOf(boundaryStartString)
+ boundaryStartString.length();
String boundary = contentTypeHeader.substring(
boundaryContentStart,
contentTypeHeader.length());
if (boundary.startsWith("\"")
&& boundary.startsWith("\"")) {
boundary = boundary.substring(1,
boundary.length() - 1);
}
decodeMultipartData(boundary, fbuf, in, parms, files);
} else {
// Handle application/x-www-form-urlencoded
String postLine = "";
char pbuf[] = new char[512];
int read = in.read(pbuf);
while (read >= 0 && !postLine.endsWith("\r\n")) {
postLine += String.valueOf(pbuf, 0, read);
read = in.read(pbuf);
}
postLine = postLine.trim();
decodeParms(postLine, parms);
}
}
if (Method.PUT.equals(method))
files.put("content", saveTmpFile(fbuf, 0, fbuf.limit()));
// Ok, now do the serve()
Response r = serve(uri, method, header, parms, files);
if (r == null) {
Response.error(outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: Serve() returned a null response.");
throw new InterruptedException();
} else {
r.send(outputStream);
}
in.close();
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
try {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: "
+ ioe.getMessage());
throw new InterruptedException();
} catch (Throwable ignored) {
ignored.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
// Thrown by sendError, ignore and exit the thread.
ie.printStackTrace();
} finally {
tempFileManager.clear();
}
}
private long extractContentLength(Map<String, String> header) {
long size = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFl;
String contentLength = header.get("content-length");
if (contentLength != null) {
try {
size = Integer.parseInt(contentLength);
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return size;
}
/**
* Decodes the sent headers and loads the data into Key/value pairs
*/
private void decodeHeader(BufferedReader in, Map<String, String> pre,
Map<String, String> parms, Map<String, String> header)
throws InterruptedException {
try {
// Read the request line
String inLine = in.readLine();
if (inLine == null) {
return;
}
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(inLine);
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Syntax error. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
pre.put("method", st.nextToken());
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Missing URI. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
String uri = st.nextToken();
// Decode parameters from the URI
int qmi = uri.indexOf('?');
if (qmi >= 0) {
decodeParms(uri.substring(qmi + 1), parms);
uri = decodePercent(uri.substring(0, qmi));
} else {
uri = decodePercent(uri);
}
// If there's another token, it's protocol version,
// followed by HTTP headers. Ignore version but parse headers.
// NOTE: this now forces header names lowercase since they are
// case insensitive and vary by client.
if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String line = in.readLine();
while (line != null && line.trim().length() > 0) {
int p = line.indexOf(':');
if (p >= 0)
header.put(line.substring(0, p).trim()
.toLowerCase(), line.substring(p + 1)
.trim());
line = in.readLine();
}
}
pre.put("uri", uri);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: "
+ ioe.getMessage());
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
/**
* Decodes the Multipart Body data and put it into Key/Value pairs.
*/
private void decodeMultipartData(String boundary, ByteBuffer fbuf,
BufferedReader in, Map<String, String> parms,
Map<String, String> files) throws InterruptedException {
try {
int[] bpositions = getBoundaryPositions(fbuf,
boundary.getBytes());
int boundarycount = 1;
String mpline = in.readLine();
while (mpline != null) {
if (!mpline.contains(boundary)) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Content type is multipart/form-data but next chunk does not start with boundary. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
boundarycount++;
Map<String, String> item = new HashMap<String, String>();
mpline = in.readLine();
while (mpline != null && mpline.trim().length() > 0) {
int p = mpline.indexOf(':');
if (p != -1) {
item.put(mpline.substring(0, p).trim()
.toLowerCase(), mpline.substring(p + 1)
.trim());
}
mpline = in.readLine();
}
if (mpline != null) {
String contentDisposition = item
.get("content-disposition");
if (contentDisposition == null) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Content type is multipart/form-data but no content-disposition info found. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(contentDisposition, "; ");
Map<String, String> disposition = new HashMap<>();
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String token = st.nextToken();
int p = token.indexOf('=');
if (p != -1) {
disposition.put(token.substring(0, p).trim()
.toLowerCase(), token.substring(p + 1)
.trim());
}
}
String pname = disposition.get("name");
pname = pname.substring(1, pname.length() - 1);
String value = "";
if (item.get("content-type") == null) {
while (mpline != null && !mpline.contains(boundary)) {
mpline = in.readLine();
if (mpline != null) {
int d = mpline.indexOf(boundary);
if (d == -1) {
value += mpline;
} else {
value += mpline.substring(0, d - 2);
}
}
}
} else {
if (boundarycount > bpositions.length) {
Response.error(outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"Error processing request");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int offset = stripMultipartHeaders(fbuf,
bpositions[boundarycount - 2]);
String path = saveTmpFile(fbuf, offset,
bpositions[boundarycount - 1] - offset - 4);
files.put(pname, path);
value = disposition.get("filename");
value = value.substring(1, value.length() - 1);
do {
mpline = in.readLine();
} while (mpline != null
&& !mpline.contains(boundary));
}
parms.put(pname, value);
}
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: "
+ ioe.getMessage());
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
/**
* Find byte index separating header from body. It must be the last byte
* of the first two sequential new lines.
*/
private int findHeaderEnd(final byte[] buf, int rlen) {
int splitbyte = 0;
while (splitbyte + 3 < rlen) {
if (buf[splitbyte] == '\r' && buf[splitbyte + 1] == '\n'
&& buf[splitbyte + 2] == '\r'
&& buf[splitbyte + 3] == '\n') {
return splitbyte + 4;
}
splitbyte++;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Find the byte positions where multipart boundaries start.
*/
public int[] getBoundaryPositions(ByteBuffer b, byte[] boundary) {
int matchcount = 0;
int matchbyte = -1;
List<Integer> matchbytes = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < b.limit(); i++) {
if (b.get(i) == boundary[matchcount]) {
if (matchcount == 0)
matchbyte = i;
matchcount++;
if (matchcount == boundary.length) {
matchbytes.add(matchbyte);
matchcount = 0;
matchbyte = -1;
}
} else {
i -= matchcount;
matchcount = 0;
matchbyte = -1;
}
}
int[] ret = new int[matchbytes.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
ret[i] = matchbytes.get(i);
}
return ret;
}
/**
* Retrieves the content of a sent file and saves it to a temporary
* file. The full path to the saved file is returned.
*/
private String saveTmpFile(ByteBuffer b, int offset, int len) {
String path = "";
if (len > 0) {
try {
TempFile tempFile = tempFileManager.createTempFile();
ByteBuffer src = b.duplicate();
FileChannel dest = new FileOutputStream(tempFile.getName())
.getChannel();
src.position(offset).limit(offset + len);
dest.write(src.slice());
path = tempFile.getName();
} catch (Exception e) { // Catch exception if any
System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
return path;
}
private RandomAccessFile getTmpBucket() throws IOException {
try {
TempFile tempFile = tempFileManager.createTempFile();
return new RandomAccessFile(tempFile.getName(), "rw");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
/**
* It returns the offset separating multipart file headers from the
* file's data.
*/
private int stripMultipartHeaders(ByteBuffer b, int offset) {
int i;
for (i = offset; i < b.limit(); i++) {
if (b.get(i) == '\r' && b.get(++i) == '\n'
&& b.get(++i) == '\r' && b.get(++i) == '\n') {
break;
}
}
return i + 1;
}
/**
* Decodes parameters in percent-encoded URI-format ( e.g.
* "name=Jack%20Daniels&pass=Single%20Malt" ) and adds them to given
* Map. NOTE: this doesn't support multiple identical keys due to the
* simplicity of Map.
*/
private void decodeParms(String parms, Map<String, String> p)
throws InterruptedException {
if (parms == null) {
p.put(QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER, "");
return;
}
p.put(QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER, parms);
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(parms, "&");
try {
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String e = st.nextToken();
int sep = e.indexOf('=');
if (sep >= 0) {
p.put(decodePercent(e.substring(0, sep)).trim(),
decodePercent(e.substring(sep + 1)));
} else {
p.put(decodePercent(e).trim(), "");
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Bad percent-encoding.");
}
}
}
private class DefaultTempFileManagerFactory implements
TempFileManagerFactory {
@Override
public TempFileManager create() {
return new DefaultTempFileManager();
}
}
public static class DefaultTempFileManager implements TempFileManager {
private final String tmpdir;
private final List<TempFile> tempFiles;
public DefaultTempFileManager() {
tmpdir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
tempFiles = new ArrayList<TempFile>();
}
@Override
public TempFile createTempFile() throws Exception {
DefaultTempFile tempFile = new DefaultTempFile(tmpdir);
tempFiles.add(tempFile);
return tempFile;
}
@Override
public void clear() {
for (TempFile file : tempFiles) {
try {
file.delete();
} catch (Exception ignored) {
}
}
tempFiles.clear();
}
}
private class DefaultAsyncRunner implements AsyncRunner {
private long requestCount;
@Override
public void exec(Runnable code) {
++requestCount;
Thread t = new Thread(code);
t.setDaemon(true);
t.setName("NanoHttpd Request Processor (#" + requestCount + ")");
t.start();
}
}
}
``` |
The area of Chicoral is located in the southernmost part of the township of Bitaco and within the municipality of La Cumbre in the Valle del Cauca Department of Colombia. It is home to the Hindú Tea Plantation, a major part of the Bitaco River Forest Reserve, and many small estates and farms. This region is only accessible by unpaved roads by way of La Cumbre from the north, the Cali-Buenaventura Road from the west and Dapa from the east through a forested pass at .
The Bitaco River Forest Reserve was created in 1985 to protect a sizable portion of cloud forest and the headwaters of the Bitaco River, which flows northwest and drains into the Dagua River. The reserve is located on the west slope of the West Andes.
This is an area of high biodiversity with a high number of bird species including the endemic and highly sought after multicolored tanager. Other important avian species include sickle-winged guan, scaled fruiteater, golden-winged manakin and purplish-mantled tanager. In 2008 there was a sighting of cloud-forest pygmy owl, a rare and vulnerable species of the northern Andes.
References
Populated places in the Valle del Cauca Department |
The 2020 Italian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Gran Premio Heineken d'Italia 2020) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 6 September 2020 at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza in Monza, Italy. The race was the eighth round in the 2020 Formula One World Championship.
The race was won by Pierre Gasly of AlphaTauri-Honda, who took his first Formula One win and became the first French Formula One driver to win a race since Olivier Panis won the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix. Gasly started the race in tenth, but gained positions due to a well-timed pit-stop prior to a safety car, sent to retrieve the broken car of Kevin Magnussen. Lewis Hamilton, who led the race until this point, was given a penalty for entering the pit lane when it was closed, passing the lead to Gasly, who defended from McLaren's Carlos Sainz Jr. in the closing stages of the race. Racing Point's Lance Stroll completed the podium.
This was the first race since the 2012 Hungarian Grand Prix to not have a Red Bull, Mercedes, or Ferrari driver on the podium, the first of those podiums to feature three different teams since the 2012 Canadian Grand Prix and the first to feature a red flag since the 2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix. It was also the first race not to be won by a driver from Red Bull, Mercedes, or Ferrari since the 2013 Australian Grand Prix. Lance Stroll also scored his first podium since the 2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix.
It was the first instance of there being two standing starts since the 2001 Belgian Grand Prix, following a 2018 change in the regulations to allow for standing restarts after a red flag. This race was the last for both Claire Williams and Frank Williams, as they stepped down from their positions at Williams Racing.
Background
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
The opening rounds of the championship were heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several Grands Prix were cancelled or postponed after the planned opening round in Australia was called off two days before the race was due to take place; prompting the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile to draft a new calendar. However, the Italian Grand Prix was not impacted by this change and kept its original date.
Entrants
The drivers and teams were the same as the season entry list with no additional stand-in drivers for the race. Roy Nissany drove for Williams in the first practice session, replacing George Russell.
Tyres
Pirelli brought the C2, C3 and C4 tyres for the race weekend, the second, third, and fourth hardest tyre compounds available.
Regulation changes
Prior to the race, the governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, issued a technical directive banning qualifying-specific engine modes from the Italian Grand Prix onwards. The ban was initially planned for the 2020 Belgian Grand Prix but it was delayed by one race.
Practice
The first practice session was interrupted briefly when Max Verstappen crashed at the Ascari chicane. The session ended with Valtteri Bottas fastest ahead of Mercedes teammate Lewis Hamilton and Red Bull driver Alexander Albon third fastest. The second practice session ran without major incidents and concluded with Hamilton fastest, followed by Bottas and Lando Norris of McLaren.
Bottas was again fastest in third practice, followed by Carlos Sainz Jr. of McLaren and his teammate Norris. The session was briefly red flagged after Daniel Ricciardo stopped his Renault R.S.20 due to a mechanical failure.
Qualifying
Qualifying report
Lewis Hamilton took pole, 0.069s ahead of Mercedes teammate Valtteri Bottas. Hamilton's lap time of 1:18.887 is the fastest Formula One lap in history, with an average speed of . It beat the lap record set by Kimi Räikkönen in 2018 by two tenths of a second. The final part of Q1 was marked by numerous cars starting their final flying lap at close distance, hampering each other's performance.
Qualifying classification
Race
Race report
Lewis Hamilton successfully retained the lead position on the start, while his teammate Valtteri Bottas gradually dropped to sixth place over the first two laps while reporting problems with his car. Carlos Sainz pulled away quickly to take Valtteri Bottas off the start claiming second. The McLaren driver went on to pull a gap to the cars behind. During lap six the left-rear brake on Sebastian Vettel's SF1000 overheated to the point that the brake assembly caught fire before disintegrating and flying off the car at the start of lap seven. This caused Vettel to miss a couple of corners (in the process he smashed through the polystyrene chicane direction indicator boxes at the first chicane) before limping to the pits to retire.
On lap 19, Kevin Magnussen's Haas suffered a power unit failure and his car stranded to the side of the pit lane entrance. At the end of the next lap, Pierre Gasly elected to make his pitstop. The safety car was deployed shortly afterwards and the pit lane was closed to allow marshals to safely remove the stranded Haas from the track. Both Hamilton and Antonio Giovinazzi made a pit stop shortly after the safety car had been deployed despite the pit lane being closed. They were both given 10-second stop-and-go penalties for this infraction (Hamilton was given two penalty points on his FIA Super Licence as a result). When the pit lane was re-opened two laps later, most of the field entered to make their pit stop. This allowed Gasly to move into third place behind Hamilton and Lance Stroll, the only driver who did not stop.
The safety car was withdrawn at the end of the next lap, allowing normal race conditions to resume on lap 23. Hamilton held on to the lead ahead of Stroll and Gasly. Charles Leclerc crashed heavily after the restart in the Parabolica corner as the car lost its rear end, entered the gravel trap and collided with the barrier, significantly damaging the tyre barriers and his car in the process. Leclerc experienced some pain in his back following the incident, but a medical examination showed he did not have any injuries. The safety car was deployed initially, but the red flags were brought out shortly afterwards to suspend the race to allow repairs to be made to the tyre barriers.
The race resumed later with a standing restart on lap 28. Stroll went wide at turn four dropping to fifth place in the process, with Gasly inheriting second place. Hamilton served his stop-and-go penalty at the end of the lap while Giovinazzi served his one lap later dropping them to the back of the field. This allowed Gasly to take the lead of the race ahead of Kimi Räikkönen and Carlos Sainz Jr. Over the next 25 laps Gasly held off Räikkönen, who gradually fell back to an eventual 13th-place finish, and Sainz to secure victory. Stroll meanwhile fought back to third place to complete the podium.
Gasly took his first Formula One victory and gave AlphaTauri their first win as a constructor and second win as a team, over 12 years since Vettel won the 2008 Italian Grand Prix when the team was known as Toro Rosso. Gasly's victory was the first for a French driver in Formula One since Olivier Panis at the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix, and the 80th F1 World Championship race win for a French driver overall. The win also made Honda the first engine manufacturer to win with two different teams in the sport's V6 turbo-hybrid era.
The result marked the first time that Ferrari, Mercedes and Red Bull all failed to score a podium finish since the 2012 Hungarian Grand Prix. It was also the first time since Räikkönen won the 2013 Australian Grand Prix driving for Lotus F1 that the race winner did not drive for Ferrari, Mercedes or Red Bull. The race contributed to discussions over potential future changes to Formula One race weekend formats.
As Claire and Frank Williams ceased their involvement with the Williams team after this Grand Prix, tributes were paid to the pair from around the paddock, including from George Russell and Nicholas Latifi, the Williams drivers, as they crossed the line.
Race classification
Notes
– Includes one point for fastest lap.
Championship standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
Constructors' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
See also
2020 Monza Formula 2 round
2020 Monza Formula 3 round
Notes
References
External links
Italian
Italian Grand Prix
2020
Italian Grand Prix |
Warnborough may refer to the following places in England:
Warnborough College, Canterbury (previously in Oxford)
Warnborough Green, Hampshire
Warnborough Road, Oxford
North Warnborough, Hampshire
South Warnborough, Hampshire
See also
Wanborough (disambiguation) |
The Taipei Railway Workshop () was the largest railway workshop of the Taiwan Railways Administration. For decades it manufactured and maintained thousands of railway vehicles. The workshop was established in 1935 to replace the original workshop, which had become inadequate. It was the largest railway workshop ever built in Taiwan. The Governor-General of Taiwan recognized its establishment as a celebration of the Empire of Japan's rule of Taiwan for 40 years.
The 16.82-hectare site on Civic Boulevard was the largest and oldest kind on the island. It closed in 2012. It was constructed in 1930 and featured distinctive structures such as a 168-meter-long train assembly shed. The operation was transferred to TRA Fugang Vehicle Depot (Chinese: ). The workshop was recognized as an "official national historic site" in 2015. The government of Taiwan says it is planning to transform the facility into a railway museum.
In popular culture
The Taipei Railway Workshop was featured in the 2013 Jay Chou film The Rooftop and in the 2014 Luc Besson film Lucy.
Gallery
Transportation
The Taipei Railway Workshop is accessible within walking distance northeast from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station of the Taipei Metro.
References
1935 establishments in Taiwan
Executive Yuan
Railway workshops in Taiwan
Defunct railway workshops
3 ft 6 in gauge railways in Taiwan
National monuments of Taiwan |
Joseph Wiggins FRGS (3 September 1832 – 13 September 1905) was an English mariner, born at Norwich into a family of mailcoach operators.
He rounded out a successful career as a sea captain by utilizing a portion of the northern sea route to Siberia. He was the pioneer in demonstrating the practicability of trade relations by sea between the North Sea countries and the northern portion of Siberia. Beginning his voyages in 1874, he twice reached the Ob River, and five times carried cargoes to the Yenisei River, up which stream he once navigated his ship 2000 miles (3218 km). He facilitated the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway by carrying to that country a large cargo of rails.
He was honored by the Czar for his pioneer work, which Baron Nordenskiöld described as an "Event rivaling in importance the return of the first fleet loaded with merchandise from India". In 1894 he was awarded the Murchison Award by the Royal Geographical Society.
In 2016, it was reported that the wreck of the steamship Thames, with which Wiggins had made an expedition to the Yenisei River in 1876 and which sank there in 1878, had been discovered.
References
Further reading
1832 births
1905 deaths
English sailors
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society |
Daniel Santacruz (born November 23, 1976) is an American-born Dominican musician, singer, and record producer. Born in New Jersey and raised in the Dominican Republic to a Cuban father and a Dominican mother, Santacruz is a Latin Grammy Award winner.
Early years
His musical influences range from Wilfrido Vargas, Fernando Villalona, Sergio Vargas and Juan Luis Guerra to Luis Miguel, Elvis Presley, Julio Iglesias and The Doors, although Santacruz has cited that his biggest musical influence was his mother, who from an early age used to sing boleros to him and also used to make imaginary interviews to a young Daniel with a small tape recorder. His father, also a music lover, introduced him to classical music and to the 1950s and 1960s sound. The first musical notes are known from his maternal grandmother Ana Zulema Victoria who was a pianist and also a piano teacher.
Career
His career began in 1996 as a member of various bands in the Dominican Republic including Massa and Rikarena . During that time Santacruz found to have writing skills and bought his first guitar. In this period he also participated in studio recordings as a background singer for other artists, and also for radio and TV commercials. In 2000 he was part of the MQV Church choir for two years next to Juan Luis Guerra, who is the musical director of the church.
In 2003 together with Ambiorix Francisco, Santacruz produced his first solo album: Por un beso, earning a nomination for Premio Lo Nuestro as Best New Artist.
From 2004 to 2007 Santacruz took a break from the stage and started writing and producing for other artists.
At the end of 2008 his second album Radio Rompecorazones is released, produced by himself with Alejandro Jaen. The single "Adónde va el amor?" along with the album achieved two Latin Grammy Award nominations in 2009, Best Contemporary Tropical Album and Best Tropical Song. Both the single and the album received an incredible support in the United States, Latin America and Europe.
History repeats itself in 2011 when his third album Bachata Stereo produced again with Jaén in collaboration with Richy Rojas, with just two months on the market receives again a nomination in the Latin Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Tropical Album
His song "Lento", a sensual Kizomba fusion which has a video with the Kizomba dancer sensation: Sara Lopez is one of Daniel's biggest hits. To the date Lento has more than 100 million views in Youtube.
In 2016 his album "Toda La Vida" (a tribute for Mexican singer Emmanuel) got a nomination for The Latin Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Tropical Album and the song "La Carretera" co-written with Prince Royce got a nomination as well for best Tropical song.
His album "Momentos De Cine" (2018), also nominated for a Latin Grammy, included the tracks Desnudos, Contando Minutos and Casablanca.
In 2020 Santacruz released his 7th studio album "Larimar" named after Dominican Republic's precious blue stone. "Larimar" won the Latin Grammy for Best Merengue/Bachata album category.
Songwriter
Daniel Santacruz is considered a hit maker, since 2004 Santacruz has written top charting songs for artists such as Prince Royce (Incondicional, Soy El Mismo, Culpa Al Corazón, La Carretera), Shakira (Deja Vu feat Prince Royce), Ha*Ash (Me Gustas Tu), Hector Acosta (Tu veneno, Aprenderé, No moriré, Ojala), Toby Love (Lejos), Reik (Me duele amarte), Monchy y Alexandra (Perdidos, No es una novela), Leslie Grace, Victor Manuel, Charlie Cruz, José Feliciano, Milly Quezada, Andy Andy among others.
Since 2004, Daniel has received 12 ASCAP awards (American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers), 3 Billboards, 2 Latin American Music Awards, and 3 Premio Lo Nuestro for the songs "Perdidos" and "No Es Una Novela" (performed by the famous Dominican duet Monchy y Alexandra), and "Soy El Mismo" performed Prince Royce besides 6 Latin Grammy nominations for 3 of his own albums and some of his songs. In 2018 Santacruz received the Dominican Republic Soberano Award for Songwriter of the Year for second time in a row.
Discography
Por un Beso 2003
Radio Rompecorazones 2008
Bachata Stereo 2011
Lo Dice la Gente 2014
Toda la Vida 2016
Momentos De Cine 2018
Larimar 2020 (Latin Grammy Winner)
Personal life
Daniel Santacruz is the brother of dominican singer/songwriter Manny Cruz. His daughter Penelope Santacruz is a developing artist and collaborated with Daniel in the song "Mi Estrellita De Algodón from the album "Larimar".
References
External links
https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/2020-latin-grammy-awards-complete-winners-nominees-list
1976 births
Living people
21st-century Dominican Republic male singers
Dominican Republic male songwriters
Male songwriters
Latin Grammy Award winners
Latin music songwriters |
Tinissa transversella is a moth of the family Tineidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found on Borneo.
References
Moths described in 1864
Scardiinae |
SwoopThat.com was an online textbook price comparison service. It was based in San Diego, California, and specialized in college textbooks but included high school textbooks as well. The company's "books by course" search engine let students input their class schedules, see all the required textbooks for those schedules, and find the cheapest online sources of those books. The search engine also included a textbook exchange feature through which students could buy and sell books from other students. The website also included a textbook buyback platform through which students could sell their textbooks back to online vendors. SwoopThat was featured in The New York Times, on the website of the Today Show, on the website of Computerworld magazine and the weblog lifehacker.com.
History and business model
SwoopThat was founded by students from Claremont McKenna College and Harvey Mudd College. It originally existed as a product search engine with an emphasis on local products and stores. It later changed to focus on textbooks based on a books by course model. It added course and textbook data from over 2,300 colleges in the United States. Through SwoopThat, students could compare prices for new books, used books, rental books and ebooks.
Renamed HubEdu in 2012, it was bought by Rafter shortly after.
References
Comparison shopping websites
Product searching websites
Book selling websites
Online marketplaces of the United States
Internet properties established in 2009 |
Sandra Glover (née Cummings; born December 30, 1968, in Palestine, Texas) is an American former track and field athlete who competed in the 400-meter hurdles. She was a medalist in that event at the World Championships in Athletics in 2003 (silver) and 2005 (bronze). She also represented her country at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was the national champion at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships for four consecutive years from 1999 to 2002. She had five victories on the IAAF Golden League circuit during her career.
She holds the American masters record for the over-35 category, with her performance of 53.32 seconds at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics.
Glover attended the University of Houston and competed for the Houston Cougars track team.
Achievements
2005 World Championships in Athletics: bronze medal
2003 World Championships in Athletics: silver medal
2001 World Championships in Athletics: fifth place
1999 World Championships in Athletics: fifth place
2nd IAAF World Athletics Final: first place
1st IAAF World Athletics Final: first place
National titles
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
400 m hurdles: 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
Circuit wins
400 m hurdles
IAAF Golden League
Meeting de Paris: 2003
Weltklasse Zürich: 2003, 2004
Bislett Games: 2005
ISTAF Berlin: 2005
See also
400 metres hurdles at the World Championships in Athletics
List of University of Houston people
List of people named Sandra
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
People from Palestine, Texas
Track and field athletes from Texas
American female hurdlers
Olympic female hurdlers
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
African-American female track and field athletes
Houston Cougars women's track and field athletes
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people |
The 1937 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team represented Pennsylvania State University during the 1937 season playing in the Intercollegiate Soccer League. It was the program's 27th season fielding a men's varsity soccer team. The 1937 season is William Jeffrey's 12 year at the helm.
Background
The 1937 season was the Nittany Lions' 27th season as a varsity soccer program, and their 12th season playing as a part of the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association. The team was led by 12th year head coach, William Jeffrey, who had previously served as the head coach for the semi-professional soccer team, Altoona Works.
The Nittany Lions finished out the 1937 season sharing the Eastern Intercollegiate Soccer Association title with Springfield College. Concluding 1937 campaign with a record of 8–0–1, Penn State notched its 5th consecutive undefeated season.
Squad
Departures
Roster
Schedule
|-
!colspan=8 style=""| Regular season
|-
Honors and awards
References
External links
1937
Penn State Nittany Lions
Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer |
```shell
Let's play the blame game
Locate a commit by its hash
Specify a range of commits using double dot syntax
Interactive staging
Interactively stage patches
``` |
Kim Myung-Kun (born 23 March 1970) is a South Korean modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics.
References
1970 births
Living people
South Korean male modern pentathletes
Olympic modern pentathletes for South Korea
Modern pentathletes at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathletes at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in modern pentathlon
Modern pentathletes at the 1994 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Asian Games silver medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games |
José Manuel de Bastos (17 October 1929 – 24 November 2020) was a Portuguese footballer who played as goalkeeper. He joined Benfica as a youth and became their youngest ever goalkeeper upon his first team debut in 1950. Bastos played in their 1950 Latin Cup victory over Bordeaux and became the last surviving player from that game. He remained at Benfica until 1961, occasionally losing his first team spot, during which time the team won three Primeira Divisão titles and five Taça de Portugal cups. Bastos afterwards spent short spells with Beira-Mar and Atlético Clube de Portugal. From 1978 to 1980 he was manager of G.D. Estoril Praia.
Early life
Born in Albergaria-a-Velha, Bastos was a keen athlete, participating in the high jump (jumping ) and running events. He later turned to football and played for the Desportivo de Castelo and Benfica youth teams. He initially went for trials at Benfica as a field player among 500 other children, but when the chosen goalkeeper was injured he took over and was selected.
Benfica career
Bastos was promoted to the Benfica first team in 1949 and beat Rosa for the position, making his debut on 12 March 1950, against Lusitano in an eventual league triumph. He was the youngest goalkeeper to play for Benfica until José Moreira in 2002. Bastos played in goal in Benfica's 18 June 1950 Latin Cup victory over Bordeaux at the Estádio Nacional.
Bastos held the goalkeeper's position at Benfica until 1954, when Alberto da Costa Pereira replaced him. After two seasons as back-up, Bastos regained his place in 1956–57, but lost it again, now permanently during the 1958–59 season. He went on loan to Atlético CP by order of Béla Guttmann, and made his last appearance for Benfica on 16 April 1961, in the Taça de Portugal match with Olhanense. During his Benfica career Bastos made 196 appearances and was part of a team that won three national championships and five Taça de Portugal cups.
Later career and life
After Benfica, Bastos played for Beira-Mar and Atlético. From mid 1978 to 1980, he managed Estoril–Praia. Bastos died on 24 November 2020, at age 91. He was the last surviving player of the 1950 Latin Cup-winning team.
Honours
Benfica
Primeira Divisão: 1949–50, 1954–55, 1956–57
Taça de Portugal: 1950–51, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1956–57, 1958–59
Latin Cup: 1949–50
References
General
Specific
External links
1929 births
2020 deaths
People from Albergaria-a-Velha
Portuguese men's footballers
S.L. Benfica footballers
Atlético Clube de Portugal players
S.C. Beira-Mar players
G.D. Estoril Praia managers
Primeira Liga players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Portuguese football managers
Footballers from Aveiro District |
Rethen (Leine) is a part of the town of Laatzen in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated south of both Hanover and the center of Laatzen.
History
The name derives probably from the middle low German language and means "House of the Reed (Reed)" or "Reed home" ("Ret" = Reed; "Hen" = home).
Rethen was first mentioned in 1250 as a district of Gleidingen. The first chapel of the bishopric of Hildesheim was built 1448.
In 1523, Rethen coincided with the Koldingen Office to the Duchy of Calenberg. In 1592, a school was established in Rethen. The construction of the railway line Hanover-Kassel (operation 1853) brought a significant upswing, which intensified again from March 22, 1899, by the inclusion of the tram from Hanover to Hildesheim. The modern transportation promoted several industrial settlements, including the sugar factory in 1876, which had a long time national significance.
In 1974 Rethen lost its independency and was merged with the towns of Gleidingen, Grasdorf, Alt-Laatzen, Laatzen Mitte and Ingeln-Oesselse to the city of Laatzen.
See also
Metropolitan region Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg
Laatzen
References
External links
Official site of Laatzen (German)
Villages in Lower Saxony |
Yadiel Rivera (born May 2, 1992) is a Puerto Rican professional baseball infielder who is currently a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers, Miami Marlins and Texas Rangers.
Career
Milwaukee Brewers
Rivera was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the ninth round of the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft out of Manuela Toro High School in Caguas, Puerto Rico. He reached Double-A for the first time in 2014. Rivera was added to the Brewers 40-man roster on November 20, 2014.
Rivera made his Major League debut on September 22, 2015.
On September 4, 2016, Rivera was recalled to the active roster from Class AAA Colorado Springs Sky Sox to back up the injured Jonathan Villar. Rivera was designated for assignment by the Brewers on September 15, 2017. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017.
Miami Marlins
On November 24, 2017, Rivera signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins. Rivera's contract was purchased by the Marlins on March 29, 2018, and he was assigned to the Opening Day roster. On July 7, 2018, Rivera hit his first career home run at Nationals Park against Nationals starter Max Scherzer. He was outrighted to AAA on December 10, 2018.
He was assigned to Triple-A New Orleans to start the 2019 season. On August 6, Rivera was designated for assignment. He elected free agency on October 1.
Texas Rangers
On January 10, 2020, Rivera signed a minor league deal with the Texas Rangers that included an invitation to Spring Training. On August 20, 2020, Rivera was selected to the active roster. He made his season debut on August 23. On September 4, Rivera was designated for assignment after going 0 for 5 in 5 at-bats over 4 games. He became a free agent on November 2, 2020.
Houston Astros
On May 8, 2021, Rivera signed a minor league contract with the Houston Astros organization and was assigned to the Triple-A Sugar Land Skeeters. Rivera played in 19 games for the Skeeters, hitting .232/.250/.261 with 8 RBI before he was released on September 16.
Arizona Diamondbacks
On April 1, 2022, Rivera signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks and was assigned to the Triple-A Reno Aces. He was released on June 19, 2022.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Caguas, Puerto Rico
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Major League Baseball infielders
Milwaukee Brewers players
Miami Marlins players
Texas Rangers players
Arizona League Brewers players
Helena Brewers players
Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players
Cangrejeros de Santurce (baseball) players
Brevard County Manatees players
Huntsville Stars players
Biloxi Shuckers players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Indios de Mayagüez players
Criollos de Caguas players
New Orleans Baby Cakes players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
Reno Aces players
Atenienses de Manatí (baseball) players
Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente infielders |
William Ross (July 14, 1854 – January 22, 1937) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Ontario South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1900 to 1904 as a Liberal.
He was born in Prince Albert, Canada West, the son of Aaron Ross and Lucinda Fitchett, and was educated in Port Perry and at the British American Commercial College in Toronto. Ross was a grain dealer and operated a general store. In 1877, he married Clara J. Bingham. Ross served on the village council for Port Perry and was reeve for two years. He also served as chairman of the school board. Ross ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the House of Commons in 1904.
References
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
1854 births
1937 deaths
People from Scugog |
Seven is a 2023 Bengali crime thriller web series starring Rahul Arunoday Banerjee, Gaurav Chakrabarty, Ridhima Ghosh, Suprobhat Das, Ankita Chakraborty and Anjan Dutt in key roles. Anjan also wrote and directed the series, and it features music scored by Neel Dutt, cinematography by Pravatendu Mondal, and editing by Arghyakamal Mitra. Set in a misty hill station, Seven follows five friends on a trip. Uncovering a bag containing dollars and a gun, the friends soon find themselves entangled in a thrilling mystery. The series premiered on ZEE5 on 17 March 2023.
Plot
Five friends - Subir, Bibek, Ananto, Namita and Ria - embark on a leisure trip to LAVA homestay. On their journey, they stumble upon a bike accident with a bag full of money and a gun. Subir takes the bag, hoping it will solve all their troubles. But the bag and gun soon cause a heated disagreement between them.
Cast
Anjan Dutt as Raj Basu
Gaurav Chakrabarty as Bibek
Ridhima Ghosh as Namita
Rahul Arunoday Banerjee as Subir
Suprobhat Das as Ananta
Ankita Chakraborty as Riya
Development
Production
The series is produced under the Anjan Dutt Production banner.
Release
In early 2022, ZEE5 announced a slate of Bengali series and films, with Seven being one of them.
On 11 March 2023, ZEE5 unveiled the first look trailer of Seven depicting five friends on a hilly journey that quickly turns awry after an accident. The unexpected event leaves them with a dead body, a gun, and a bag of money.
This seven-episode series started streaming on ZEE5 from 17 March 2023.
Episodes
Season 1
References
External links
Seven on ZEE5
Bengali-language web series
2023 web series debuts
Crime thriller web series |
```css
Change the style of the decoration with `text-decoration-style`
A great font resource: Google Font API
Underline feature on HTML elements
`letter-spacing` property
Page breaks for printing
``` |
Jackboot Mutiny (, literally It Happened on 20 July) is a 1955 West German film directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst about the 20 July Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. It features Bernhard Wicki as Stauffenberg.
Cast
Bernhard Wicki as Oberst Graf Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg
Karl Ludwig Diehl as Generaloberst a.D. Ludwig Beck
Carl Wery as Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm
Kurt Meisel as SS Obergruppenführer
Erik Frey as General Friedrich Olbricht
Albert Hehn as Major Otto Ernst Remer
Til Kiwe as Oberleutnant Werner von Haeften
Jochen Hauer as Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel
Annemarie Sauerwein as Frau Olbricht
Jaspar von Oertzen as Oberst Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim
Willy Krause as Joseph Goebbels
Lina Carstens as Frau des Küsters
Gernot Duda as Leutnant in der Wolfsschanze
Ernst Fritz Fürbringer as Generalfeldmarschall Erwin von Witzleben
Peter Lühr as 1. General
See also
The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (1955) German feature film
References
External links
1955 films
1955 war films
German war films
West German films
1950s German-language films
German black-and-white films
Films about the 20 July plot
Films directed by G. W. Pabst
Films set in Berlin
1950s German films |
Warialda is a town in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia, in Gwydir Shire. It is situated on the banks of Warialda Creek. At the , Warialda had a population of 1,120.
Transport
The Gwydir Highway runs through town and, along with Stephen Street, is considered one of the town's two main streets.
Warialda is serviced by daily NSW TrainLink coach services (excluding Tuesdays) to Inverell and Tamworth, connecting with train services to Sydney. Additionally, there are three weekly coach services each to Grafton (connecting with XPT train services to and from Brisbane) and Moree on alternating days (excluding Sundays). The NSW TrainLink coach stop is located outside the tourist information centre.
The town is connected to the Inverell railway line as a major station on the way between Moree and Inverell. Due to the lay of the land, the station was built just outside of town at a new site known as .
History
The original inhabitants of the region were the Weraerai Aboriginals and the first Europeans in the area were probably escaped convicts. Allan Cunningham was the first official European visitor in 1827.
The first settlement was established in 1837 with a Border Police outstation erected in 1840. The town site was gazetted in 1847 and was the first in the Northwest Slopes region. Warialda was the headquarters of the Yallaroi Shire, until its merger with neighbouring Bingara Shire to form Gwydir Shire. Warialda Post Office opened on 1 January 1848. The town's first newspaper was the Warialda Standard, which was first published in 1896 and remains in publication.
Warialda is the birthplace of Elizabeth Kenny, world-renowned pioneer in the treatment of poliomyelitis. The baptismal font used for Sister Kenny's baptism is still in use and housed in the Church of England located in Stewart Avenue.
Warialda is also the birthplace of Olive Rose Fitzhardinge (1881–1956) who became famous in the 1930s as a rose breeder in Warrawee, the name of her best known rose.
Industry
Warialda is the service centre for the local agricultural sector. Farms around Warialda produce wheat, sorghum, barley, sheep, beef cattle. Some of the locals also earn a dollar or two hunting wild pigs, which are exported, mainly to Germany, where there are demands for wild boar which are not present in the Australian market.
Warialda serves as an education precinct for local families with a strong base of excellent education facilities including preschools, public schools, a catholic primary school, TAFE outreach centres and vocational education programs.
Agriculture, health and education are the primary industries providing support for a small but thriving business sector. Some of the local businesses include a supermarket, hardware store, cafes, service stations, butcher, bakery, pubs and a golf & bowling club along with other small businesses providing a cross-section of goods & services.
Religion
Warialda is home to congregations of the Anglican, Catholic, Presbyterian, and Uniting Churches.
The Anglican and Catholic churches are located near the Gwydir Highway in the main part of town on the south bank of the Warialda Creek.
Anglican Church
St. Simon's & St. Jude's Anglican Church is located on the corner of Stewart Avenue and Market Streets.
Built 1966, it was home to Sister Elizabeth Kenny Memotial Baptistry, as a tribute to Elizabeth Kenny born in Warialda 20th Sept 1880, for her work with those who had Polio.
www.warialdaanglican.org.au
Catholic Church
St. Patrick's Catholic Church is located at 29 Geddes st.
Presbyterian church
St. Stephen's Presbyterian Church is located on the corner of Stephen and Long Streets. The front of the church has three stained glass windows representing The Good Shepherd, from John 10:1–21, as an Australian scene.
The Presbyterian Manse was built from convict-hewn sandstone which formed part of the original town gaol. A local landowner used this stone built a house for himself and donated the rest of the stone to the church. The Manse bears examples of gaol graffiti, such as "Hell is here" upside-down outside the office window, and "Lord, remember me" at the back of the building.
Education
Warialda Public School was established in 1851.
Warialda High School has been named as a Centre for Excellence.
St Joseph's Catholic School provides education for K to 6.
Sport
The Warialda Wombats are the most successful team in the New England Group 19 Rugby League competition with 12 titles in its history and predecessor competitions.
Noel Cleal and his brother Les emerged from the town to rise to prominence with Eastern Suburbs in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership, with Les later going on to captain-coach many country club sides while Noel won a title with Manly Warringah in 1987.
Places of interest
Between Warialda and Inverell on the Gwydir Highway is Cranky Rock. According to local legend, in the late 1800s a Chinese man jumped off Cranky Rock into the creek while being pursued by the local police after murdering a local woman. Cranky Rock is now a popular picnic spot.
Festivals
2008 marked the town's first Honey Festival. There is entertainment throughout the day, featuring local artists. In addition there are market stalls and refreshments available. The highlight of the day happens at 2pm when there is a street parade with colourful floats constructed and manned by community groups. The festival has since been held regularly in the town, with a tenth festival held in September 2016.
References
External links
Towns in New South Wales
Towns in New England (New South Wales)
North West Slopes
Gwydir Shire |
Nora Ernestine Beust (1888 – July 3, 1973) was an American librarian, educator, and writer. She taught library science courses at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and worked in the United States Office of Education, as a specialist in school libraries and children's literature.
Early life and education
Nora Beust was born in New Albany, Indiana, the daughter of Max Beust and Dora Segelke Beust. Her father operated a drugstore in New Albany. She earned a bachelor's degree at the University of Wisconsin in 1923, and a graduate degree in library science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC). At UNC she was a co-founder and first president of the North Carolina chapter of Delta Kappa Gamma.
Career
Beust was a college reference librarian in La Crosse, Wisconsin in the 1920s, served on the executive committee of the Wisconsin Library Association, and was active in a sewing club in La Crosse. After graduate school, she stayed in North Carolina and taught at UNC from 1927 to 1937. She was elected president of the North Carolina Library Association in 1935.
Beust moved to Washington, D.C. in 1937, when she was appointed to work at the United States Office of Education, as a specialist in school and children's libraries. She produced materials for and about school libraries and children's books, spoke at professional meetings of school librarians, and worked in Korea from 1954 to 1955, on promoting and distributing children's literature. She retired from the Office of Education in 1957. She testified before a 1962 House hearing on children's literature in the Library of Congress.
Beust was also active in Altrusa International, and represented the Durham chapter at a national peace conference in 1938. She was later president of the Washington, D.C. chapter of Altrusa.
Publications
"New Books for Christmas" (1931)
Professional Library Education: Introducing the Library (1938)
500 Books for Children (1940)
Know your school library (1940)
School Library Administration (1941, with Eunice L. Hoffman)
Our neighbor republics; a selected list of readable books for young people (1942, with Emilie Dew Sandsten Lassalle and Jean Gardiner Smith)
School Library Standards (1954)
Through Golden Windows (1958) a 10-volume story anthology set for young readers co-edited with Jeanne Hale, including:
Mostly Magic
Fun and Fantasy
Wonderful Things Happen
Adventures Here and There
Good Times Together
Children Everywhere
Stories of Early America
American Backgrounds
Wide Wonderful World
Man and His World
Personal life
Beust moved to Black Mountain, North Carolina in 1964. She died in 1973, at a nursing home in Black Mountain.
References
1888 births
1973 deaths
People from New Albany, Indiana
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of North Carolina alumni
University of North Carolina faculty
American women non-fiction writers
People from La Crosse, Wisconsin
Writers from Washington, D.C.
20th-century American women writers
American women editors
American editors
American women librarians
People from Black Mountain, North Carolina
Deaths in North Carolina |
Umberto Cerati (24 March 1911 – 23 July 1994) was an Italian long-distance runner who competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1911 births
1994 deaths
Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Italian male long-distance runners
Olympic athletes for Italy
Sportspeople from Verona |
Allan Forsyth (born 23 April 1955, in Glasgow) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a defender.
Career
Forsyth began his professional career with Dundee United and made nearly thirty league appearances for The Terrors over a four-year spell. In 1978, Forsyth became Raith Rovers' record signing in a £12,000 deal and played in over 150 league games for Rovers before moving to Dunfermline Athletic in 1984. His final professional spell brought nearly 40 league matches before moving to junior football in 1985 with Glenrothes. After retiring from playing, Forsyth had a spell in management with Thornton Hibs before leaving football to work in a furniture factory in Kirkcaldy.
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Scottish men's footballers
Footballers from Rutherglen
Dundee United F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Larkhall Thistle F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scottish football managers
Glenrothes F.C. players |
Western Magic Australian Football Club is an Australian rules football club based in the western Sydney suburb of Blacktown. The club fields teams across the Men's, and Women's competitions.
History
In 2012 the Magic fielded a solitary team in the Division 3 competition, finishing runners up in their inaugural season to the UTS Bats.
In 2013 they expanded to 2 sides - a Division 3 and a Division 5 side. The Division 3 side finished Minor Premiers and went on to win the Grand Final against Randwick City Saints by 10 points. This earned the side a promotion to Division 2.
In 2014 the Division 5 side finished 4th at the end of the regular season. A late season charge saw them win the Grand Final over local rivals Penrith to claim the club's 2nd premiership. The Division 2 side finished Runners Up, losing the Grand Final to minor premiers Sydney University. The club highlight is Daniel Lim getting 27 votes and finishing Runner Up in the 2014 Division 2 B&F.
In 2015, the club added its first Women's team, who qualified for the finals in their first season. The Men's division 2 side made amends for the previous season, defeating Camden by 8 points in the Grand Final. This earns the club promotion to Division 1.
In 2016, the club fielded its first Under 19s team, who would go on to reach the grand final.
In 2017, the Magic bid farewell to president John Clifford, and Mark Barclay was voted in as his successor. The club will be coached by Jack Schwarze (Seniors), Anthony Hyland (Reserves), John Dimond (Women's) and Daniel Armstrong (19s).
The Magic won the 2018 AFL Sydney Women's grand final over the Wollongong Saints.
References
External links
Australian rules football clubs in Sydney
Australian rules football clubs established in 2012
2012 establishments in Australia |
The Para-bobsleigh competition at the IBSF World Championships 2023 was held on 2 and 3 February 2023.
Results
The first two runs were started on 2 February at 09:00 and the last two runs on 3 February at 09:00.
References
Para-bobsleigh |
```javascript
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
function newArrayWithGetter() {
var arr = [1, 2, 3];
Object.defineProperty(arr, '1', {
get: function() { delete this[1]; return undefined; },
configurable: true
});
return arr;
}
var a = newArrayWithGetter();
var s = a.slice(1);
assertTrue('0' in s);
// Sparse case should hit the same code as above due to presence of the getter.
a = newArrayWithGetter();
a[0xffff] = 4;
s = a.slice(1);
assertTrue('0' in s);
a = newArrayWithGetter();
a.shift();
assertTrue('0' in a);
a = newArrayWithGetter();
a.unshift(0);
assertTrue('2' in a);
``` |
James Rahilly (born 15 June 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is currently serving as an assistant coach with the Geelong Football Club.
Early life and junior football
Rahilly played his early football at South Warrnambool but was recruited from the Geelong Falcons in the TAC Cup.
Playing Career
A defender, he received a 1998 AFL Rising Star nomination in his sixth league game, against Carlton at the MCG, where he had 22 disposals. Although Geelong made it into the final in three of the seasons he was at the club, Rahilly was never selected for a finals game. Rahilly was, however, a member of the Geelong reserves team which won the 2002 Victorian Football League (VFL) premiership and was awarded the Norm Goss Memorial Medal for his efforts in the grand final. He also won Geelong's "Best Clubman" award, in 2003.
Coaching Career
He returned to the VFL in 2008 as an assistant coach and was then appointed to Chris Scott's senior coaching staff for the 2011 AFL season.
At the end of 2020 James was appointed as Adelaide's forward line coach, assistant coach to Matthew Nicks for season 2021.
At the end of 2023 Rahilly returned to Geelong as their forward line coach.
References
1979 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Geelong Football Club players
Geelong Falcons players
South Warrnambool Football Club players
Living people |
Leo Rytis Rautins (born March 20, 1960) is a Canadian broadcaster, former professional basketball player and the former head coach of the Canadian men's national basketball team. Rautins played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) drafted in the first round of the 1983 NBA draft, by the Philadelphia 76ers. Rautins' NBA career was waylaid by injury. After a brief retirement, Rautins returned to basketball and played in European professional leagues from 1985 until 1992. He has been a broadcaster for the Toronto Raptors since the team's inception in 1995.
Playing career
Rautins was a star in high school for Toronto's St. Michael's College School. In 1977, at age 16, he was named to the Canadian senior national team, the youngest player in the team's history to that time. He would be a member of the team until 1992. Rautins completed his national team playing career as Canada was eliminated in the 1992 Tournament of the Americas, the basketball qualifying tournament for the Barcelona Olympics.
Rautins attended the University of Minnesota for his freshman year of college, and Syracuse University for three seasons. At Minnesota, Rautins was named first-team All-Big Ten rookie, averaging 8.3 points, 4.1 rebounds, and 3.9 assists a game. He left Minnesota for multiple reasons: at Minnesota, he was not required to attend classes, and at Syracuse he would have the opportunity to be the top player. As a member of the Syracuse Orangemen, he averaged 12.1 points, 5.0 assists, and 6.2 rebounds. He is the first player ever to record a triple-double in Big East play, accomplishing the feat twice in the span of a month during his senior year. He was named All-Big East third team and Honorable Mention All-American that year.
In 1983, Rautins became the second Canadian ever drafted in the first round of the 1983 NBA draft. The Rautins was selected 17th overall to the Philadelphia 76ers in the 1983 Draft, considered an excellent passer. Unknown to Rautins, he reported to training camp with torn ligaments in his foot which was not treated properly and deteriorated during the season. Hampered by injuries, he played in 28 games as a rookie with the 76ers, averaging just seven minutes a game, 1.5 points, 1 assist, 1.2 rebounds, and 0.7 turnovers. In September 1984, he was traded to the Indiana Pacers for a third-round pick to make room for Charles Barkley under the salary cap but eventually signed as a free agent with the Atlanta Hawks. He played only four games for the Hawks, averaging a mere three minutes a contest and was waived in November 1984. Rautins tried out for other NBA teams and the Continental Basketball Association but was unable to find a spot with another team.
Rautins then left the NBA, returned to Syracuse and did radio and television work. He was a commentator for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) at the 1984 Olympics. In 1985, Rautins returned to playing basketball, moving to Europe. Rautins played in Italy for Serie A1 team Banco Roma (1985–1986) and Serie A2 team Citrosil Verona (1986–1987), in France with Pau Orthez (1989–90 and 1992), and in Spain (1991–92). Rautins then retired from playing. By this time, he had undergone a total of 14 knee operations.
Post-playing career
After retiring from playing, Rautins became a basketball commentator, most notably with the Toronto Raptors since their inaugural season in 1995, serving as either their lead colour commentator (for games on Sportsnet) or studio analyst (for games on TSN). He also conducts basketball camps in the summer.
In 1997, Rautins was inducted into the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame.
In 2000, Rautins was inducted into the Ontario Basketball Hall of Fame.
In February 2005, Rautins was named head coach of the Canadian national team. The team did not qualify for the 2008 Olympics, but did qualify for the 2010 World Championship. He resigned from that position in September 2011, after Canada lost to Panama in the FIBA Americas tournament.
In 2014, Rautins became involved in plans to launch a new Canadian basketball league. He was named as one of the principals in a proposed Ottawa professional team after the failure of the Ottawa SkyHawks minor professional team. Rautins had been in consideration for the Commissioner position of the National Basketball League of Canada.
On October 17, 2016, Rautins was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame at the Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel.
Personal life
Rautins was born in Toronto, Ontario to a Latvian father and Lithuanian mother. His parents met in a prison camp, from which they escaped with the help of Dutch soldiers, before emigrating to Canada, as it was the only country that would accept them. As a youth, he played for Toronto Aušra, a local sports club for children of Lithuanian descent. Rautins and his first wife Maria had four sons: Michael, Andrew (Andy), Jay and Sammy. Andy followed in his father's footsteps, playing for Syracuse and being drafted by the New York Knicks in 2010. Rautins married Jamie Lawson in 2005. During the NBA offseason, Rautins resides in Jupiter, Florida.
Awards
1978 – All-Big Ten Rookie Team
All-Star – Italian, French and Spanish professional leagues
1997 – Canada's Basketball Hall of Fame
2000 – Ontario Basketball Hall of Fame
2000 – Syracuse University All-Century team
References
External links
Orangehoops.org with a Rautins's profile
FIBA.com with news of Rautins being hired as Canadian Head Coach
Profile on Rautins and the other 17 Canadians to play in the NBA
1960 births
Living people
ASVEL Basket players
Atlanta Hawks players
Baloncesto Málaga players
Basketball players from Toronto
Canadian basketball coaches
Canadian expatriate basketball people in France
Canadian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Canadian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Canadian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Canadian men's basketball players
1978 FIBA World Championship players
1982 FIBA World Championship players
Canadian people of Latvian descent
Canadian people of Lithuanian descent
Canadian radio sportscasters
Canadian television sportscasters
Club Ourense Baloncesto players
Élan Béarnais players
Liga ACB players
Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball players
National Basketball Association players from Canada
Pallacanestro Virtus Roma players
Sportspeople from Jupiter, Florida
Basketball players from Palm Beach County, Florida
Philadelphia 76ers draft picks
Philadelphia 76ers players
Scaligera Basket Verona players
Sioux Falls Skyforce (CBA) players
Small forwards
Syracuse Orange men's basketball players
Toronto Raptors announcers |
IAMP may refer to:
Immaterial and Missing Power
International Association of Mathematical Physics
International Association for Military Pedagogy
International Advanced Manufacturing Park, a business part in Washington, UK |
Michel Kamanzi (born 29 September 1979) is a Rwandan former footballer who is last known to have played as a midfielder for TuSpo Richrath.
Career
Kamanzi moved to Germany on the recommendation of a compatriot.
In 2004, Kamanzi signed for German fourth division side after playing for SG Betzdorf in the German fifth division.
References
External links
Rwandan men's footballers
Rwandan expatriate men's footballers
Rayon Sports F.C. players
Rwanda men's international footballers
Living people
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Rwandan expatriates in Germany
1979 births
TuRU Düsseldorf players
Footballers from Bujumbura
Men's association football midfielders |
The Ghosi are a Muslim community found mainly in North India.
History and origin
The Ghosi in West Bengal claim Rathore Rajput ancestry.
The Ghosi of West Bengal are found mainly in the districts of 24 Parganas and Midnapore, in particular near the towns of Barrackpur and Kharagpur . According to the traditions of this community, they emigrated from Kanpur, in what is now Uttar Pradesh some five centuries ago. They claim to be descended from Amar Singh Rathore, a Rajput nobleman from Jhansi, on whose conversion to Islam was disowned by his caste. The community thus took up the occupation of cattle rearing, and settled in Midnapur.
The community is now divided between those who still engage in the selling of milk, and the rest of the community who are now small and medium-sized farmers. They reside in multi-caste villages, which tend to have ghosiparas, "Ghosi areas". The community now speak Bengali, although most have knowledge of Hindi. They remain strictly endogamous, and are unique among Bengali Muslims in practising clan exogamy. Their main clans are the Rathore, Dogar, Chauhan, Khelari, Tatar, Lehar and Maidul. The Ghosi of West Bengal have an informal caste council, known as a panchayat, which acts as an institution of social control, resolving disputes within the community, and providing social welfare.
See also
Gaddi
Muslim Gaddi
References
Further reading
Verma, V. 1996. Gaddis of Dhauladhar: A Transhumant Tribe of the Himalayas. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi.
Social groups of West Bengal |
"White Bear" is the second episode of the second series of the British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by the series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by Carl Tibbetts. The episode follows Victoria (Lenora Crichlow), a woman who does not remember who she is, and wakes up in a place where almost everybody is controlled by a television signal. Along with some of the few other unaffected people (Michael Smiley and Tuppence Middleton), she must stop the "White Bear" transmitter while surviving merciless pursuers.
Brooker originally wrote the episode in an apocalyptic setting, but when the script was about to be filmed at a former Royal Air Force base, he changed it because of a fence he saw there. He rewrote the story in two days, removing some details he considered useful for a sequel story. The main change was the addition of a plot twist at the end of the script, which was noted as the most impressive aspect of the episode by several reviewers.
The episode, first aired on Channel 4 on 18 February 2013, was watched by 1.2 million viewers and was very well received by critics, particularly for its writing and Middleton's performance. The story draws parallels with real murder cases, primarily the 1960s Moors murders, in which five children were killed. Its horror aspects have been said to be reminiscent of the 1970s film The Wicker Man and the video game Manhunt, while some similarities with The Twilight Zone have also been noted. This dystopian episode reflects upon several aspects of contemporary society, such as media coverage of murders, technology's effects on people's empathy, desensitisation, violence as entertainment, vigilantism, the concept of justice and punishment, and the nature of reality.
Plot
A woman (Lenora Crichlow) wakes up with amnesia, in a house where television screens are showing an unknown symbol. Turning the screens off, she finds photos of herself and a man (Nick Ofield), along with one of a small girl (Imani Jackman) which she takes with her. She leaves the house and pleads for help, but people ignore her while recording her on their phones. When a masked man opens fire at her with a shotgun, she flees and meets Jem (Tuppence Middleton). Jem explains that the symbol began appearing on television and mobile phone screens, turning most people into passive voyeurs. The woman and Jem are unaffected, but they are also a target for the "hunters", unaffected humans who act sadistically. Jem plans to reach a transmitter at "White Bear" to destroy it.
As they travel, Baxter (Michael Smiley), a man who also seems unaffected, picks them up. He turns out to be another hunter, and holds them at gunpoint in a forest, where he tries to torture the woman, but Jem kills Baxter first. They continue travelling to the transmitter; when they reach it, two hunters attack them. The woman wrestles a shotgun away from a hunter and fires at her attacker, but the gun only sprays confetti. Walls open to reveal a seated audience; and that everything was staged, and Baxter is not only alive, but the event's master of ceremonies.
The woman is strapped to a chair and informed that her name is Victoria Skillane, and that the girl in the photograph is Jemima Sykes, whom Victoria and her fiancé, Iain Rannoch, had abducted and murdered, filming the crime. After the pair were arrested, Iain committed suicide in his cell, while Victoria was sentenced to undergo daily psychological punishment at the present facility, which is called White Bear Justice Park after a white teddy bear that Jemima owned.
Victoria is driven back to the compound past an outraged crowd and returned to where she awoke. As she is shown her own videotaped footage of Jemima prior to her murder, Baxter places electrodes on her head, simultaneously torturing her and wiping her memory of the day's events so that she will live the same day repeatedly as part of her punishment. Interspersed between the end credits, the next day's events are seen from the point of view of the park's staff, and its visitors who play the voyeurs.
Production
Series creator Charlie Brooker came up with the idea while working on the 2008 zombie horror serial Dead Set. During filming, Riz Ahmed's character was being chased by zombies; some schoolchildren noticed the production and began watching, taking pictures on their phones. Brooker considered it to be "an interesting and frightening image, because they're standing there, not intervening". Brooker converted it to a script for Dead Set, in which a photograph goes viral on social media and "unlock[s] this primal urge for people to be voyeurs of agony". Although the idea was given the green light, they did not have the budget to do it.
The first conception of the episode was as "a straightforward apocalypse story", featuring a female journalist and taking inspiration from the 1967 science fiction horror film Quatermass and the Pit. The signal would have affected people all over the world, turning 90% of them into voyeurs and the rest into mad people who attacked each other; its source was never explained. It was to end with a public crucifixion.
The second version opened with a patient speaking to their psychiatrist about their nightmares and a recent urge to commit violence. The patient draws a glyph from their dreams, and the psychiatrist files it along with identical symbols drawn by her other patients. This glyph resembles an upside-down "Y" and was created by Brooker after much experimentation; it is the one used in the final episode. This draft had the character Baxter in it and resembled the 1973 horror film The Wicker Man. Executive producer Annabel Jones noted that the theme had shifted more towards voyeurism. By this point, director Carl Tibbetts was involved with the project.
After working on the other series two episodes "Be Right Back" and "The Waldo Moment", the latter of which was in production, there was little of the budget remaining for "White Bear". Filming was limited to a military base at RAF Daws Hill in southeast England, which was formerly a United States Air Force base. The base contained an abandoned housing estate and buildings that could be repurposed to look like shops and garages. The base was surrounded by chicken wire and Brooker considered that the fence could be there because the events of the episode were not real. Brooker believed that the public would watch certain people be tortured for such as Jimmy Savile, against whom hundreds of sexual abuse allegations have been made, or Myra Hindley, a serial killer who committed the Moors murders with her boyfriend, Ian Brady.
Brooker then rewrote the script in two days "in a bit of a fever dream". He noted that he had never changed a script so dramatically so late in the production process, and that this is the first major plot twist in a Black Mirror episode. Brooker considered making Victoria innocent, but settled on making her unknowingly guilty. Lenora Crichlow had already been cast as Victoria prior to the rewrite.
Prior to the twist, the episode is shown from Victoria's perspective. According to Tibbetts, handheld cameras were used to make the episode "very intense and personal" and to make the viewer identify with Victoria. Contrastingly, in the end credits scenes filming is "still and static" to resemble an observer's perspective. Flashback scenes were balanced to avoid giving away too much information before the twist. The scene in which Victoria is driven through the crowd was cut shorter in the final edit and many of the crowd members were added digitally. Brooker had the idea during editing of displaying Victoria's next day at the park during the credits. The episode is 42 minutes long, slightly shorter than Channel 4's standard of 45–48 minutes for an hour-long episode.
The episode's soundtrack was composed by Jon Opstad. The score is mostly electronic. To give a different character to the music played as Victoria lives her next day in the theme park, Opstad added acoustic elements, but feeling that this did not fit with the universe he used pizzicato cello music and overlaid "spidery" atonal lines.
Brooker had other ideas that were removed from the original script because they would be complicated to do. He said he could use these ideas in a sequel story which would involve the main character finding messages that she had left for herself on previous days as the process of erasing her mind starts not to function. However, as the location for the episode no longer exists, he felt it would be more practical to create a graphic novel instead of recreating the scenario.
Cultural references
Many reviewers identified an allusion to the Moors murders, committed by Ian Brady and Myra Hindley, a British couple who killed children in the 1960s. The A.V. Club David Sims emphasised the similarities between Victoria's video recording and the fact that Hindley audio-taped the torture of one of her and Brady's victims.
The influence of horror works was highlighted by critics and Brooker himself. Lambie found aspects of the forest scene reminiscent of 1970s exploitation films. He also felt there are several visual and thematic parallels to The Wicker Man and Kill List. Morgan Jeffery of Digital Spy agreed it is reminiscent of zombies and slasher films "and even has that unsettling Wicker Man feel with its notion of 'society gone wrong'." Brooker commented it is indeed "a Wicker Man–style horror", and Tibbetts commented that the film was "a big touchstone" for him. Because they have similar concepts, 28 Days Later and The Texas Chain Saw Massacre were also mentioned by reviewers as possible influences. Paul Brian McCoy of Comics Bulletin stated it "recalls any number of zombie apocalypse dramas, including Brooker's own Dead Set at times" and The Signal. While Brooker said the hunters' design was inspired by the horror video game Manhunt, McCoy felt its opening echoed another game, Resident Evil.
The Twilight Zone has been seen as an influence by some reviewers. Jeffery commented that Black Mirrors "roots in" the American anthology series "have never been more visible", while Sims noted that "White Bear" is "the most Twilight Zone-y episode of the show", and James Hibberd of Entertainment Weekly said it could even have been an episode of that series. Lyndsey Weber of Vulture made a "post-viewing guide" to Black Mirror, where she included The Twilight Zone episode "Five Characters in Search of an Exit" as "bonus watching" to "White Bear".
Themes
Despite the similarities to real murder cases, David Sims noted the focus is not any single case, arguing that when an "abhorrent crime" occurs people create "totem[s] of hatred and evil" from the figures involved in the crime. He said Brooker examines what he calls the "lurid media frenzy" trend. Lambie, as well as Aubrey Page of Collider, considered it was mainly directed towards tabloids' coverage of criminal cases that turns them into "witch hunts". Simon Cocks of Screen Anarchy agreed it is an allegory of the Internet, but also a discussion on how society processes information and treats shocking news stories. Paste Roxanne Sancto wrote it is aimed at the media's tendency "to turn horrific news stories into national spectacles, riling people up to the point of mass panic and violence in the process". Alfred Joyner of International Business Times stated "the argument is that in the media notorious criminals must be demonised to appease the public's insatiable appetite to see that 'justice' is served".
James Poniewozik of The New York Times identified vigilantism as a central concept in the story. Writing for Esquire, Corey Atad commented it is about the societal "appetite for punishment", while Sam Parker of The Huffington Post and Andrew Liptak of The Verge considered it represents "a cruel society's fantasy of 'real justice and a "perverted justice" respectively. More specifically, it deals with the remote punishment done via the anonymity of the Internet, according to some of TheWrap staff members and Page. While Sims stated there are parallels between Victoria's suffering and the crime she committed, Joyner considered these parallels to be central to the episode's critique. When her crime is revealed, Joyner wrote, "the construction of the White Bear centre becomes apparent now, as a real-life karmic experience for the general public who wish to see biblical retribution". Mark Monahan of The Telegraph wrote that the episode "mocked, above all, our insatiable, voyeuristic, neo-Medieval thirst for supposedly 'real-life' pain and humiliation repackaged as entertainment". Jeffery stated it depicted how society turns horror into entertainment, and Parker concluded, "The fact Victoria was a murderer allows them to accept her suffering, but it's the mobile phones that allow them to enjoy it—after all, she's just a character on their screens."
Liptak said it portrays people as victims of technology, while Joyner commented it denotes that "the way in which we are spoon-fed an almost constant stream of information through technology has turned us into passive consumers". Joyner believes that Brooker implicates the viewer with the story's credits scene, noting "we're the ones with the smartphones, passively absorbing abuses to human rights and decency, and yet revelling in the image from the safety of the screen". Jeffery and Parker theorised it contains the idea that people are preferring to document life rather than living it, as exemplified by "people who see violence break out ... and decide to film it rather than intervene." Leigh Alexander of Boing Boing said the episode reflects how violence is easily accessed on the Internet and quickly arouses people's attention. She noted, "you can view the episode as a critique of all kinds of themes: Mob mentality, reality television, even the complicated treatment of women in the justice system ... Primarily, though, this episode is a critique of our deep, often-unexamined mass desensitisation, or at least a dread portent of its potential to grow. It aims to ask: To what extent can you stand by and watch horror before you are complicit, punishable?"
Brooker commented that after watching the episode, the viewer feels "sympathetic towards [Victoria] but also repulsed by what [she] did". Tibbetts opined that the episode is "about not torturing people" and Victoria's guilt is irrelevant to whether one should take pleasure from her torture. Sims said Victoria's suffering was shown to make the viewer sympathise with her, but noted it is difficult to do so because she committed an unforgivable crime, although her mental state is not entirely clear because of the fact "her mind has been erased so many times that the crime is barely a memory". Lambie stated it was done to explore "how human empathy breaks down when individuals are reduced to an image on a screen", and concluded, "whether it's directed at the innocent or the guilty, cruelty is still cruelty". Atad asserted it ultimately leads viewers to choose between their "so-called justice and the competing value of empathy". Writing for Sabotage Times, Gareth Dimelow concluded it leaves the viewer to ponder: "If someone has no recollection of their crimes, can they be effectively punished? Does our societal bloodlust for vengeance make us just as dangerous as the criminals we seek to discipline?" GamesRadar's Richard Edwards found that Brooker was able to present a "morally complex idea" without taking a side on the discussion. Sancto felt the episode "plays with the viewer's emotions ... making it all the more difficult to find a moral stance on her story in the end".
Jones interpreted that Victoria is "incredibly remorseful" once she learns who she is, saying that Victoria's knowledge of what she did to the young girl is "obviously destroying her". In contrast, Brooker believes Victoria to only be feeling "confusion and animal fear" as her life is like "a nightmare in which society tells you're a child killer".
Joyner stated the episode uses "the idea of having what the viewers are led to believe as reality exposed as a sham". Alexander suggested this could be interpreted as questioning "the assumptions we bring to the things we see – we can capture nearly any issue from all angles and pin it to virtual glass forever, but still only own a piece of the story, the unknowable remainder filled in by our own preconceptions". Alasdair Stuart of Bleeding Cool commented it "builds on this idea of the reflection that you know is fake but can't look away from and internalizes it". With the plot twist, Stuart said, "we're shown exactly what's been a reflection of the truth all along; everything". He also stated it questions "our own fundamental need to be the hero or heroine of our own story".
Reception
"White Bear" was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 at 10pm on 18 February 2013. According to the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board, the episode was viewed by an estimated 1.2 million viewers, which was 7.2% of the British audience. This was lower than the second series premiere, "Be Right Back", which was watched by 1.6 million people (9%). Brooker opined that "White Bear" is definitely the episode that provides "the most visceral, holy shit reaction from viewers", while Hibberd deemed it a "fan-favorite".
The episode was very well received and appeared on several lists of the series' best episodes. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 88% based on 17 reviews, with an average rating of 8.20/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "'White Bear' makes up for its blunt social criticism with its intense scare factor and final twist." Sancto deemed it the best episode among the first seven because its theme was presented "in a chilling manner". Page rated it the fourth-best among the thirteen episodes, asserting that it has an "ability to truly disturb" and "has put off many a viewer as spinning on a cheap twist, but despite the fact that the episode's impact does turn on a reveal, there's little in the episode that even feels remotely done before." Mat Elfring of GameSpot placed it fifth out of thirteen, labelling it "the most successful horror episode [of the series] to date". Atad ranked it seven out of thirteen, saying it "begins a dystopian horror reminiscent of 28 Days Later, but where it ends up is far more disturbing". Out of the thirteen, Hibberd ranked it eighth, highlighting its plot twist and noting that "most [would] rank this episode much higher; I just happened to like the rest of the episodes better". Moreover, Stuart said it "may be one of the best hours of TV produced [in 2013]". He emphasised how it transits from "John Wyndham stuff" to horror and then action, and commended its final twist. He concluded: "The last fifteen minutes of White Bear are amongst the most blisteringly angry pieces of television I've ever seen."
It is considered to have "one of the most shocking twists on Black Mirror", as Jenelle Riley of Variety put it, before the third series aired. Writing before the third series, Margaret Lyons of The New York Times said it is "the most outright disturbing" episode of Black Mirror. Right after it aired, Cocks deemed it "the single darkest episode of Black Mirror so far" and considered its twist to be "nothing short of genius". Sims stated that it "is, by a significant margin, the most disturbing episode Black Mirror has produced". Although he praised the twist as "a smart one, brilliantly concealed and smartly revealed", he criticised it because "once the point is made, it is made over and over again." Lambie praised its "fearsome pace" and highlighted "its subtle approach", with sparse dialogue, that gives "the events and performances greater impact". He concluded: "its horror-infused drama leaves us unsure whom we can trust or what will happen next, and its last act is truly gut-wrenching". Monahan wrote that the twist was unpredictable and the episode "was an exciting and efficient piece of narrative rug-pulling".
Regarding the acting and the characters, Sims and Monahan praised Middleton's performance. By contrast, Crichlow's role was considered to be repetitive. Monahan stated she just wailed, and Parker called it "a harrowing performance with no arc or resolutions, just sheer fear and distress". Lambie said: "If there's a criticism to be levelled at the first two-thirds of White Bear, it's that Victoria's carried helplessly along by events." Simon said Crichlow's potential was wasted because of the script. Jeffery criticised the fact "Victoria maintains one emotional level across the episode ... she's tearful, panicked and terrified throughout", but he remarked it was not Crichlow's fault, while praising Middleton and Smiley as "uniformly excellent". Cocks was more favorable, praising Crichlow's commitment to her performance. He also attributed to her performance "one of the episode's greatest accomplishments ... how much it makes audience members feel as though they are in the position of [Victoria]". Edwards asserted she gave a "tour de force performance" that is "an excellent, convincing portrayal of a frightened, confused woman".
Some reviewers had mixed feelings about the episode. Jane Simon of the Daily Mirror said that "White Bear" lacked the "instant emotional tug" of the series opener. She commented that, a third of the way through the episode, she had lost hope that it would conclude effectively, "[...] the acting was unbelievable, the script was riddled with horror-film cliches, the violence was a bit over the top [...]", but that by the end she was positively surprised. Joyner praised it as "stylistically ... breath-taking" with "intense action", but felt "the themes come across as particularly flat" and "hardly original". He was disappointed until the twist, and concludes that Brooker has "crafted an hour of television more bold and daring than I've seen in a long time". Jeffery said "this is Black Mirror as full-blooded horror" and that it never gets boring, while criticising the characters and the final sequence as "a little overlong and obvious". TheWrap staff was divided; while some found it has a good social critique, others considered it to be "least effective when it goes for horror". Although Parker compared the first 45 minutes to "a low-budget, low-quality version of 28 Days Later", full of "horror movie clichés", he realised that was "the whole point". He was positive to its societal criticism and wrote: "So the reason it all felt like a rubbish horror movie for 45 minutes is because that's what it was, just with a real person in the centre of it." It was ranked eleventh out of the thirteen episodes by Charles Bramesco of Vulture, who said its message is "lost beneath a simplistic twist that pulls a switcheroo and [it] fails to do much else".
See also
"Judgment Night" – a 1959 episode of The Twilight Zone with a similar premise and twist
The Running Man – a 1987 film in which paid assassins hunt and kill prisoners as part of a television game show
The Truman Show – a 1997 film in which the unsuspecting protagonist stars in a reality television program
References
External links
2013 British television episodes
Black Mirror episodes
Television episodes written by Charlie Brooker |
Terrico Reshard White (born March 7, 1990) is an American professional basketball player. A native of Memphis, Tennessee, he was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 36th overall pick in the second round of the 2010 NBA draft after playing two collegiate seasons at Ole Miss, where he earned SEC Rookie of the Year in 2009.
Since 2012, White has played in Serbia, Turkey, Israel, Russia, Korea, Australia, Bahrain, Puerto Rico, Taiwan, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. Between 2018 and 2020, he won a three-peat of championships, the first in Korea with Seoul SK Knights and the next two in Australia with the Perth Wildcats. He was named KBL Finals MVP in 2018 and NBL Grand Final MVP in 2019.
High school career
White attended Craigmont High School in Memphis, Tennessee. As a junior in 2006–07, he averaged 22 points, seven rebounds, three assists and three steals per game. He was named All-Metro, First Team All-State by the Tennessee Writers Association, and was one of the five finalist for The Commercial Appeal's Player of the Year.
In November 2007, White committed to Ole Miss.
As a senior in 2007–08, White was named Tennessee's Class AAA Mr. Basketball. He averaged 27.1 points per game, leading his team in points, field goal percentage, three-pointers, free-throw percentage, and steals. He was also named the District 14-AAA regular season and tournament MVP, and earned Region All-tournament team honors.
College career
White played collegiately for Ole Miss and scored 955 career points and averaged 14.5 points and 4.0 rebounds per game over his two years with the Rebels. He was named SEC Rookie of the Year after taking over point guard duties for the injured Chris Warren in league play and posted 18.4 points per SEC game. He then spent the summer of 2009 with Team USA, helping the Americans to a gold medal at the FIBA U19 World Championships in New Zealand. As a sophomore in 2009–10, he averaged 15.1 points and 4.6 rebounds per contest in helping the Rebels to a 24–11 record, SEC West title and NIT Final Four appearance.
In April 2010, White declared for the NBA draft. He did not hire an agent however, thus leaving the opportunity to return to the Rebels if he withdrew by May 8. On May 6, White decided to hire an agent and remain in the draft.
|-
| align="left" | 2008–09
| align="left" | Mississippi
| 31 || 21 || 30.0 || .428 || .354 || .628 || 3.4 || 2.3 || .8 || .3 || 13.7
|-
| align="left" | 2009–10
| align="left" | Mississippi
| 35 || 34 || 31.5 || .430 || .341 || .714 || 4.6 || 1.5 || .9 || .2 || 15.1
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 66 || 55 || 30.8 || .429 || .347 || .680 || 4.0 || 1.9 || .8 || .2 || 14.5
Professional career
NBA and D-League (2010–2012)
White was selected by the Detroit Pistons with the 36th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft. He went on to average 9.6 points in five games for the Pistons during the 2010 NBA Summer League in Las Vegas. He boasted the best vertical jump (40 inches) of any player during the pre-draft combine, and during the NBA rookie orientation, he became known around the league for his gifted dunking abilities with a YouTube video of a spur-of-the-moment rookie slam dunk contest. However, during the Pistons' first preseason game, White broke the fifth metatarsal in his right foot and subsequently missed the entire 2010–11 season.
In December 2011, White was cut by the Pistons following the conclusion of the NBA lockout, despite declaring himself 100 percent fit. He subsequently spent preseason with the New Orleans Hornets, but got released again due to back issues. He then joined the Idaho Stampede of the NBA Development League, where he managed 18 games before a stress fracture in his back forced him to sit out the rest of the 2011–12 season. In July 2012, he played for the Los Angeles Clippers Summer League team in Las Vegas.
Serbia (2012–2013)
For the 2012–13 season, White moved to Serbia to play for Radnički Kragujevac. After shooting poorly to start the season, he had a season-high 36 points on November 10 against Cibona. In 27 games during the Adriatic League season, he averaged 14.4 points per game. He also averaged 14.8 points in 12 Serbian Super League games.
Turkey and Israel (2013–2014)
After playing for the Dallas Mavericks during the 2013 NBA Summer League in Las Vegas, White moved to Turkey for the 2013–14 season to play for Royal Halı Gaziantep. On February 19, 2014, he left Gaziantep and moved to Israel to finish the season with Hapoel Eilat.
Russia (2014–2015)
After playing for the Memphis Grizzlies during the 2014 NBA Summer League in Orlando, White moved to Russia for the 2014–15 season to play for Enisey Krasnoyarsk.
NBA D-League and Israel (2015–2016)
After spending training camp and preseason with the Phoenix Suns in October 2015, White joined the Bakersfield Jam of the NBA Development League for the 2015–16 season. In March 2016, he returned to Israel to finish the season with Ironi Nes Ziona.
South Korea (2016–2018)
For the 2016–17 season, White moved to South Korea to play for the Seoul SK Knights. He returned to the Knights for the 2017–18 season, and in April 2018, he helped the team win the KBL championship. He was subsequently named Finals MVP after averaging 25 points, 5.3 rebounds and 7.5 assists per game during the six-game championship series. He became the first foreign player in 15 years to win the award.
Australia and Bahrain (2018–2020)
On July 27, 2018, White signed with the Perth Wildcats for the 2018–19 NBL season. He promised head coach Trevor Gleeson to bring a championship to Perth. He endured knee and hamstring injuries throughout the campaign, but battled through the regular season to only miss a handful of games. A wrist injury required him to wear a cast on his left arm at the end of the regular season and during the finals. White received criticism throughout the season for not seizing control of games, but stepped up when it mattered most with 19 and 24 point games during the semifinal wins over the Brisbane Bullets, and scored 19, 17, 31 and 20 points in the four grand final matches, helping the Wildcats defeat Melbourne United 3–1 behind another championship series MVP.
In April 2019, White played for Bahraini club Manama Club during the FIBA Asia Champions Cup 2019 Gulf Basketball Association (GBA) Qualifiers. During the tournament's preliminary round, White had a triple-double with 18 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists. He helped Manama reach the final with a 30-point effort in the semi-final, before scoring 21 points in an 82–74 loss to Sharjah in the final.
On July 3, 2019, White re-signed with the Wildcats for the 2019–20 NBL season. In March 2020, he was crowned an NBL champion for the second year in a row.
Puerto Rico (2020)
On October 14, 2020, White signed with Cariduros de Fajardo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). In his debut game, he made 10 3-pointers and scored 38 points. The team lost in the quarter-finals two months later.
Second Korean stint (2021)
On January 9, 2021, White signed with Changwon LG Sakers as an injury replacement for Cady Lalanne, returning to the Korean Basketball League for a second stint. On February 4, 2021, he was traded to Seoul Samsung Thunders.
Second Puerto Rican stint (2021)
In June 2021, White signed with Gigantes de Carolina, returning to the BSN for a second stint. After playing seven games with the team, he signed with Brujos de Guayama.
NBA G League (2021–2022)
On December 28, 2021, White was acquired by the Long Island Nets of the NBA G League. He was waived two days later. He was re-acquired by Long Island on January 21, 2022, and then waived again on February 1 after appearing in two games.
Return to Puerto Rico (2022)
On March 15, 2022, White returned to Brujos de Guayama.
Taiwan (2022–2023)
In October 2022, White signed with Hsinchu JKO Lioneers of the Taiwanese P. League+. In 17 games, he averaged 20.2 points, 6.9 rebounds, 3.6 assists and 1.7 steals per game.
Return to Bahrain (2023)
In March 2023, White joined Al-Najma of the Bahraini Premier League.
Dominican Republic (2023)
In May 2023, White had a four-game stint in the Dominican Republic with Metros de Santiago.
Mexico (2023–present)
In October 2023, White joined Correbasket UAT of the Mexican LNBP.
Personal
White has a daughter.
References
External links
Taiwanese P. League+ profile
BSN profile
FIBA profile
NBA Draft profile
1990 births
Living people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
ABA League players
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Mexico
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Serbia
American expatriate basketball people in South Korea
American expatriate basketball people in Taiwan
American expatriate basketball people in the Dominican Republic
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Bakersfield Jam players
Baloncesto Superior Nacional players
Basketball League of Serbia players
Basketball players from Memphis, Tennessee
BC Enisey players
Changwon LG Sakers players
Detroit Pistons draft picks
Gaziantep Basketbol players
Hapoel Eilat basketball players
Idaho Stampede players
Ironi Nes Ziona B.C. players
KK Radnički Kragujevac (2009–2014) players
Long Island Nets players
Manama Club basketball players
Ole Miss Rebels men's basketball players
Perth Wildcats players
Seoul Samsung Thunders players
Seoul SK Knights players
Shooting guards
Brujos de Guayama players
Cariduros de Fajardo players
Gigantes de Carolina basketball players |
Swedish Church may refer to:
Churches
Church of Sweden
Catholic Church in Sweden
Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church (disambiguation)
Uniting Church in Sweden (Equmeniakyrkan) initially Joint Future Church made up of the union of:
Baptist Union of Sweden
Mission Covenant Church of Sweden
United Methodist Church of Sweden |
Freewheelers Emergency Voluntary Service (EVS) is a blood bike charity based in South West England. Founded in Weston-super-Mare in 1990, it is funded by public donations and staffed by unpaid volunteers.
Association with other blood bike charities
Freewheelers EVS are a founding member of the Nationwide Association of Blood Bikes (NABB), which acts as an umbrella charity for all blood bike charities. It inspired the foundation of a new charity, White Knights EVS in West Yorkshire. Neighbouring charities include Severn Freewheelers,
SERV, and Yeovil Freewheelers, which was founded in 1978.
Operations
The charity operates in Somerset, Bristol, Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, South Gloucestershire and western parts of Wiltshire.
It is used by NHS in the area, including major hospitals such as Bristol Royal Infirmary, Southmead, Weston General, the RUH in Bath, and Musgrove Park in Taunton. Minor injuries units, GP surgeries, care homes, hospices and patients' home addresses make up the other destinations often visited.
Coordinator and riders
Freewheelers operates from 19:00 to 07:00 during the week and 24 hours at weekends and public holidays. On any given shift there is one coordinator and five riders on duty. The riders are spread across the area of operation. In general one is in the vicinity of Bath, one in the vicinity of Bristol and one in the vicinity of Taunton. The fourth rider can be used anywhere across the whole area to assist when particularly busy or if one of the riders is in need of a break. A fifth rider exchanges transfusion blood with the Wiltshire Air Ambulance and Great Western Air Ambulance air bases. All the riders hold an advanced motorcycling qualification, such as an IAM RoadSmart or RoSPA test pass. There is also a requirement to retake this assessment every three years to maintain a high standard of riding. This partly due to insurance purposes but also tied into the aim of the charity to encourage safe riding and promote a positive image of motorcycling.
Items carried
The charity's volunteers transport blood for transfusion, tissue samples for pathological or microbiological analysis, drugs, patient notes, medical images and medical devices. It has also carried more unusual items such as antivenom and artificial limbs.
Since 2010, Freewheelers has also been transporting human breast milk to and from the breast milk bank at Southmead Hospital.
Air ambulance
, EVS participated in a daily delivery of type O negative blood to Wiltshire Air Ambulance and Great Western Air Ambulance, with the latter also taking delivery of fresh frozen plasma.
Beyond the area
If jobs require transport beyond the Freewheelers EVS area of operation, there is coordination with neighbouring blood bike charities to relay items and pass them on at pre-arranged handover locations. This goes for shipments leaving the area, such consignments of breast milk, or inbound items destined for the charity's area. Samples often require transport to the NHS Blood and Transplant centre at Filton. The site also houses the International Blood Group Reference Laboratory (IBGRL), which performs rare blood identification.
Motorcycles
Freewheelers owns and operates a fleet of blood bike liveried Yamaha FJR1300, BMW R1200RT-P and BMW F800GT motorcycles fitted with blue lights and sirens. Previously ex-police motorcycles were used, such as the Honda ST Pan-European series.
The latest Yamaha FJR1300 motorcycles are the first to be purpose built for Blood Bike duties through an arrangement between NABB and Yamaha with equipment designed and fitted by Woodway Engineering.
Funding
Freewheelers EVS is 100% funded by public donations. Money is raised through a variety of avenues with events highlighted on the website. These events range from bucket collections at supermarkets to giving talks to local groups.
In 2010, the pupils of All Hallows Preparatory School near Shepton Mallet staged a number of fundraising events, including a sponsored bicycle ride from John o' Groats to Land's End by two parents, to buy a new BMW R1200RT motorcycle, which was presented to Freewheelers on 1 July 2010.
One of the pupils won a competition to name the new bike "The Flying Crane"—the school's logo is a Crane.
Accolades
On 2 June 2008, Freewheelers EVS was awarded the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service,
the highest award that can be given to a voluntary organisation in the United Kingdom and equivalent to an MBE.
In July 2008, Freewheelers EVS was awarded the Chair's Community Award of 2008/09 by the Chair of Bath and North East Somerset Council, Councillor David Bellotti at the Guildhall in Bath.
In March 2016, Freewheelers EVS won the "Voluntary and Community Sector Team of the Year" category in the Bristol Post Health and Care Awards.
In The People's Projects awards 2017, West Country East, Freewheelers EVS was voted one of the winners and awarded £30,000 of lottery funds to purchase two new FJR1300 motorcycles.
See also
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom
Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling
References
External links
Blood bikes
Charities based in Somerset
Organizations established in 1990
1990 establishments in England |
The Dewoitine D.30 was a ten-seat cantilever monoplane built in France in 1930. The D.30 was a single-engine aircraft but the second was completed as a trimotor and redesignated D.31.
Design and development
The Dewoitine D.30 first appeared in public at the Paris Aero Show in December 1930. It was a single-engine, ten-seat passenger aircraft with a high cantilever wing and rectangular-section fuselage. It had a fabric-covered metal frame and was powered by a 485 kW (650 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr water cooled, upright V-12 engine. This engine was closely cowled, the cowling following the profile of the two cylinder banks, and drove a two-blade propeller; it was cooled with a Lamblin radiator mounted ventrally at its rear.
The empennage of the D.30 was conventional, with the strut-braced tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage. The rear control surfaces were unbalanced; the rudder reached down to the bottom of the fuselage, moving in a cutout between the elevators. The single main wheels of the undercarriage were mounted on pairs of V-form struts joined to the lower fuselage longerons, with near-vertical shock absorber legs attached to the wing. A tailskid completed the conventional landing gear.
The D.30 first flew on 21 May 1931. A second prototype followed but was modified into a trimotor aircraft, designated the Dewoitine D.31 and powered by three Hispano-Suiza 9Q nine-cylinder radial engines. The outer engines were each mounted well below the wing via two pairs of struts. Apart from the three engines and a consequent increase in weight and slight reduction in length, the D.31 was very similar to the D.30. It first flew on 12 January 1932, initially powered by the 172 kW (230 hp) 9Qa engine variant. In 1935 these were replaced by 240 kW (320 hp) 9Qbs. In this form the outer engines remained uncowled but the central one had a long chord NACA cowling.
Operational history
The D.31 was owned by the Centre d'Essais de Matériels Aériens (CEMA) at Villacoublay. it remained registered there in June 1935 but had gone two years later, prompting speculation that it may have been used by Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War.
Variants
D.30
Single-engine first prototype. Empty weight 2,476 kg (5,457 lb), gross weight 4,486 kg (9,890 lb).
D.31
Three-engine second prototype.
Specifications (D.31)
References
1930s French civil aircraft
D.30
Aircraft first flown in 1931 |
```pod
=pod
=head1 NAME
RSA_generate_key_ex, RSA_generate_key - generate RSA key pair
=head1 SYNOPSIS
#include <openssl/rsa.h>
int RSA_generate_key_ex(RSA *rsa, int bits, BIGNUM *e, BN_GENCB *cb);
Deprecated:
#if OPENSSL_API_COMPAT < 0x00908000L
RSA *RSA_generate_key(int num, unsigned long e,
void (*callback)(int, int, void *), void *cb_arg);
#endif
=head1 DESCRIPTION
RSA_generate_key_ex() generates a key pair and stores it in the B<RSA>
structure provided in B<rsa>. The pseudo-random number generator must
be seeded prior to calling RSA_generate_key_ex().
The modulus size will be of length B<bits>, and the public exponent will be
B<e>. Key sizes with B<num> E<lt> 1024 should be considered insecure.
The exponent is an odd number, typically 3, 17 or 65537.
A callback function may be used to provide feedback about the
progress of the key generation. If B<cb> is not B<NULL>, it
will be called as follows using the BN_GENCB_call() function
described on the L<BN_generate_prime(3)> page.
=over 2
=item *
While a random prime number is generated, it is called as
described in L<BN_generate_prime(3)>.
=item *
When the n-th randomly generated prime is rejected as not
suitable for the key, B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 2, n)> is called.
=item *
When a random p has been found with p-1 relatively prime to B<e>,
it is called as B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 3, 0)>.
=back
The process is then repeated for prime q with B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 3, 1)>.
RSA_generate_key() is deprecated (new applications should use
RSA_generate_key_ex() instead). RSA_generate_key() works in the same way as
RSA_generate_key_ex() except it uses "old style" call backs. See
L<BN_generate_prime(3)> for further details.
=head1 RETURN VALUE
RSA_generate_key_ex() returns 1 on success or 0 on error.
RSA_generate_key() returns the key on success or B<NULL> on error.
The error codes can be obtained by L<ERR_get_error(3)>.
=head1 BUGS
B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 2, x)> is used with two different meanings.
RSA_generate_key() goes into an infinite loop for illegal input values.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<ERR_get_error(3)>, L<RAND_bytes(3)>,
L<RSA_generate_key(3)>, L<BN_generate_prime(3)>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<path_to_url
=cut
``` |
Anna Vigfúsdóttir á Stóru-Borg (died 1571), was an Icelandic landlord.
She was a rich heiress famous for her love to the poor shepherd Hjalti Magnusson, and her long feud with her brother, judge Pal, who refused to accept their love and tried to prevent them from marrying and to take control over her estates.
Her story was the subject of a novel by Jón Trausti, titled Anna frá Stóruborg.
References
http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=4378430|titill=Ást og útlegð í Paradísarhelli. Fálkinn, 21. tölublað 1962.
http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=4378430|titill=„Hér gengur enginn aftur“. Þjóðviljinn, 24. júlí 1985.
16th-century Icelandic people
1571 deaths
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Icelandic women
Landlords
Women landowners
16th-century landowners
16th-century women landowners |
Lake Washington () is a large freshwater lake adjacent to the city of Seattle, Washington, United States. It is the largest lake in King County and the second largest natural lake in the state of Washington, after Lake Chelan. It borders the cities of Seattle on the west, Bellevue and Kirkland on the east, Renton on the south, and Kenmore on the north, and encloses Mercer Island. The lake is fed by the Sammamish River at its north end and the Cedar River at its south.
Lake Washington has been known to the Duwamish and other Indigenous peoples living on the lake for millenia as (lit. "lake" in Lushootseed). At the time of European settlement, it was recorded as At-sar-kal in a map sketched by engineer Abiel W. Tinkham; and the Chinook Jargon name, ("great/large water"), was also used. Other English names historically used for the lake include Lake Geneva by Isaac N. Ebey; and Lake Duwamish in railroad surveys under Governor Isaac Stevens. Lake Washington received its present name in 1854 after Thomas Mercer suggested it be named after George Washington, as the new Washington Territory had been named the year before.
The lake provides boating and sport fishing opportunities. Some fish species found in its waters include sockeye salmon, coho salmon, Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, and black crappie.
Lake Washington has two passenger seaplane bases: Kenmore Air Harbor on its north end; and Will Rogers – Wiley Post Memorial Seaplane Base on its south end, adjacent to Renton Municipal Airport.
Geography
A ribbon lake, Lake Washington is long, narrow and finger-like. Ribbon lakes are excavated by glaciers. As the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet flowed south near the end of the Late Pleistocene, it met bands of harder and softer rock. Erosion of the softer rock was faster and a linear depression was created in the flow direction. When the glacier melted, the lake filled with the meltwater, which was retained by moraine deposits. A dam can also be created by the bands of harder rock either side of the softer rock. There is usually a river at both ends of a ribbon lake, one being the inlet, and the other the outlet, but in the case of present-day Lake Washington, inlet rivers are at both ends, and a man-made outlet is in the middle. The lake was previously drained by the Black river to the south.
Creeks and rivers
The main inflowing rivers are the Sammamish and Cedar Rivers, with the Cedar supplying most of the water. Seasonal changes in the flow of the Sammamish are moderated by a weir at the Lake Sammamish inlet.
The lake is drained by the Lake Washington Ship Canal.
In addition, there are numerous small creeks and rivers which feed the lake, including:
Coal Creek
Denny Creek (O.O. Denny Park)
Fairweather Creek
Forbes Creek
Juanita Creek
Kelsey Creek
Little Creek
Lyon Creek
Mapes Creek
May Creek
McAleer Creek
Mercer Slough
Ravenna Creek
Taylor Creek
Thornton Creek
Yarrow Creek
Yesler Creek
Historically, construction of the Lake Washington Ship Canal drastically changed the inflow and outflow of the lake. Before construction of the canal in 1916, Lake Washington's outlet was the Black River, which joined the Duwamish River and emptied into Elliott Bay. When the canal was opened the level of the lake dropped nearly nine feet (2.7 m). The canal became the lake's sole outlet, causing the Black River to dry up and disappear. Before construction, the Sammamish River was the primary source of water for Lake Washington, and the lowering of the lake slightly increased its flow. As part of the ship canal project, the Cedar River was diverted into Lake Washington to become the lake's primary source.
Canals and bridges
The Montlake Cut, part of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, connects the lake to Lake Union and ultimately Puget Sound.
Concrete floating bridges are employed to span the lake because Lake Washington's depth and muddy bottom prevented the emplacement of the pilings or towers necessary for the construction of a causeway or suspension bridge. The bridges consist of hollow concrete pontoons that float atop the lake, anchored with cables to each other and to weights on the lake bottom. The roadway is constructed atop these concrete pontoons. Three floating bridges cross Lake Washington: the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (officially the SR 520 Albert D. Rosellini Evergreen Point Floating Bridge) carries State Route 520 from Seattle's Montlake neighborhood to Medina while the Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge and the Third Lake Washington Bridge (officially the Homer M. Hadley Memorial Bridge) carry Interstate 90 from Seattle's Mount Baker neighborhood to Mercer Island. The East Channel Bridge carries Interstate 90 from Mercer Island to Bellevue. The Evergreen Point, Lacey V. Murrow, and Third Lake Washington bridges are the longest, second longest, and fifth longest floating bridges in the world, respectively.
Many questioned the wisdom of concrete floating bridge technology after the sinking of a portion of the Lacey V. Murrow bridge on November 25, 1990. However, a Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) investigation revealed that the incident resulted from the improper handling of hydrodemolition water being used during bridge renovations, rather than in any basic flaw in the bridge's concept or design. Concrete floating bridges continue to remain a viable means for the conveyance of vehicle traffic over Lake Washington.
In 1950, approximately one year after the tolls were removed from the Murrow bridge, the inland ferry system on the lake came to an end, having operated since the 1880s.
Shoreline cities and towns
The cities and towns bordering the lake, going clockwise from the west, are Seattle, Lake Forest Park, Kenmore, Kirkland, Yarrow Point, Hunts Point, Medina, Bellevue, Beaux Arts Village, and Renton. The city of Mercer Island occupies the island of the same name, in the southern half of the lake.
Water purity
Around 1900, Seattle began discharging sewage into Lake Washington. During the 1940s and 1950s, eleven sewage treatment plants were sending state-of-the-art treated water into the lake at a rate of 20 million gallons per day. At the same time, phosphate-based detergents came into wide use. The lake responded to the massive input of nutrients by developing unpleasant blooms of noxious blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). The water lost its clarity, the desirable fish populations declined, and masses of dead algae accumulated on the shores of the lake. After significant pollution, the October 5, 1963 issue of the Post Intelligencer referred to the lake as "Lake Stinko". Citizen concern led to the creation of a system that diverted the treatment-plant effluents into nearby Puget Sound, where tidal flushing would mix them with open-ocean water.
The diversion was completed in 1968, and the lake responded quickly. The algal blooms diminished, the water regained its clarity, and by 1975, recovery was complete. Careful studies by a group of limnologists from the University of Washington showed that phosphate was the culprit. Since then, Lake Washington has undergone major improvements, drastically improving the ecology and water quality, making the water twice as clear as it was in 1950.
See also
Mount Baker Crew rowing club
Seafair Cup hydroplane races
Notes
References
Washington
Washington
Seattle metropolitan area |
```php
<?php
/**
* FecShop file.
*
* @link path_to_url
* @license path_to_url
*/
return [
/**
* Payment @appfront/config/fecshop_local_modules/Payment.php
*
*/
'payment' => [
'class' => '\fecshop\app\appfront\modules\Payment\Module',
/**
* params
*/
'params'=> [
],
],
];
``` |
Montpellier HSC VB or simply Montpellier Volley, is a professional men's volleyball club located in the city of Montpellier in southern France. Montpellier competes in the top flight of French volleyball, Ligue A.
The club has won 8 league titles and 1 SuperCup which makes them one of the most successful clubs in French volleyball.
Honours
Domestic
French Championship
Winners (8): 1946–47, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 2021–22
French SuperCup
Winners (1): 2022–23
International
CEV Cup
Semifinalists (1): 2020–21
Team
As of 2022–23 season
References
External links
Official website
Team profile at Volleybox.net
Volleyball clubs in France
Sport in Montpellier
Volleyball clubs established in 1941
1941 establishments in France |
European values are the norms and values that Europeans are said to have in common, and which transcend national or state identity. In addition to helping promote European integration, this doctrine also provides the basis for analyses that characterise European politics, economics, and society as reflecting a shared identity; it is often associated with value of human rights, liberal democracy, and rule of law.
Overview
Especially in France, "the European idea" (l'idée d'Europe) is associated with political values derived from the Age of Enlightenment and the Republicanism growing out of the French Revolution and the Revolutions of 1848 rather than with personal or individual identity formed by culture or ethnicity (let alone a "pan-European" construct including those areas of the continent never affected by 18th-century rationalism or Republicanism).
The phrase "European values" arises as a political neologism in the 1980s in the context of the project of European integration and the future formation of the European Union. The phrase was popularised by the European Values Study, a long-term research program started in 1981, aiming to document the outlook on "basic human values" in European populations. The project had grown out of a study group on "values and social change in Europe" initiated by Jan Kerkhofs, and Ruud de Moor (Catholic University in Tilburg). The claim that the people of Europe have a distinctive set of political, economic and social norms and values that are gradually replacing national values has also been named "Europeanism" by McCormick (2010).
"European values" were contrasted to non-European values in international relations, especially in the East–West dichotomy, "European values" encompassing individualism and the idea of human rights in contrast to Eastern tendencies of collectivism. However, "European values" were also viewed critically, their "darker" side not necessarily leading to more peaceful outcomes in international relations.
The association of "European values" with European integration as pursued by the European Union came to the fore with the eastern enlargement of the EU in the aftermath of the Cold War.
The Treaty of Lisbon (2007) in article 1A lists a number of "values of the Union",
including "respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights including the rights of persons belonging to minorities", invoking "a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail".
The 2012 Eurobarometer survey reported that 49% of those surveyed described the EU member states as "close" in terms of "shared values" (down from 54% in 2008), 42% described them as "different" (up from 34% in 2008).
Habermas and Derrida (2005)
The philosophers Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida wrote an article for the newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in which they claimed the birth of a 'European public sphere'.
They argued that new values and habits had given contemporary Europe 'its own face', and saw an opportunity for the construction of a 'core Europe' (excluding Britain and Eastern Europe) that might be a counterweight to the United States.
Attempting to explain what Europe represented, the two philosophers listed six facets of what they described as a common European 'political mentality':
Secularisation.
Trust in the state and scepticism about the achievements of markets.
Realistic expectations about technological progress.
Welfarism.
A low threshold of tolerance for the use of force.
Multilateralism within the framework of a reformed United Nations.
McCormick (2010)
Political scientist John McCormick expands on these ideas, and identifies the following as core attributes of Europeanism:
A rethinking of the meaning of citizenship and patriotism. In regard to the latter, pride in country is being replaced with pride in ideas, otherwise known as constitutional patriotism. Identification with nations or states is being increasingly joined with identification with Europe.
Cosmopolitanism, or an association with universal ideas, and a belief that all Europeans, and possibly even all humans, belong to a single moral community that transcends state boundaries or national identities. The local and the global cannot be separated or divorced.
Communitarianism, which - in contrast to the liberal emphasis on individual rights - supports a balance between individual and community interests, emphasizing the responsibilities of government to all those who live under its jurisdiction. Europeanism argues that society may sometimes be a better judge of what is good for individuals rather than vice versa.
The collective society. Europeanism emphasizes the view that societal divisions will occur in spite of attempts to ensure equal opportunity, and accepts the role of the state as an economic manager and as a guarantor of societal welfare.
Welfarism, or a reference to Europeanist ideas that while individual endeavor is to be welcomed, applauded and rewarded, the community has a responsibility for working to ensure that the playing field is as level as possible, and that opportunity and wealth are equitably distributed. Europeanism emphasizes equality of results over equality of opportunity.
Sustainable development, or the belief that development should be sustainable, meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations.
Redefining the family. The place of the European family is changing, with fewer Europeans opting to marry, their ages at marriage rising, their divorce rates growing, their fertility rates declining, more children are being born outside marriage, and single-parent households becoming more usual.
Working to live. Post-material Europeans are working fewer hours, are doing more with those hours, and have developed family-friendly laws and policies.
Criminal rights. In matters of criminal justice, Europeanism means a greater emphasis on individual rights, and a preference for resolving disputes through negotiation rather than confrontation through the law.
Multiculturalism, in which Europe has a long and often overlooked tradition arising from the diversity of European societies, and a Europeanist habit of integrating core values and features from new groups with which its dominant cultures have come into contact.
Secularism is probably the one quality most clearly associated with Europe: while religion continues to grow in most of the rest of the world, in virtually every European country, its role is declining, and it plays an increasingly marginal role in politics and public life, while heavily influencing Europeanist attitudes towards science and towards public policies in which religious belief plays a role.
Opposition to capital punishment. This is prohibited in all European Union and Council of Europe member states, and European governments have worked to achieve a global moratorium as a first step towards its worldwide abolition.
Perpetual peace. Where once Europe was a region of near constant war, conflict and political violence, it is today a region of generalised peace, and one which has made much progress along the path to achieving the Kantian condition of perpetual peace. Inter-state war in the region is alleged to be unthinkable and impossible, even during the worst economic or financial troubles.
Multilateralism. Europeanism has eschewed national self-interest in favour of cooperation and consensus, of the promotion of values rather than interests, of reliance on international rules and agreements, and of building coalitions and working through international organisations to resolve problems.
European Union
The European Union declares the fundamental EU values to be the ones "common to the Member States in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail". They are: human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law, and human rights. These fundamental values are defined in the Treaty of Lisbon.
See also
Asian values
Europhile
Pan-European identity
Pro-Europeanism
References
External links
dialogueanduniversalism.eu
Pan-European nationalism
Pro-Europeanism |
Waltham is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. The population was 332 at the 2020 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 353 people, 150 households, and 103 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 206 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 99.7% White and 0.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.
There were 150 households, of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.3% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.70.
The median age in the town was 47.2 years. 15.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.9% were from 25 to 44; 38.8% were from 45 to 64; and 15.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 306 people, 111 households, and 80 families living in the town. The population density was 10.3 people per square mile (4.0/km). There were 176 housing units at an average density of 5.9 per square mile (2.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was 98.69% White, 0.33% Asian, 0.33% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.33% of the population.
There were 111 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 15.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $39,167, and the median income for a family was $40,313. Males had a median income of $23,438 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,467. About 15.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 14.3% of those 65 or over.
References
Towns in Hancock County, Maine
Towns in Maine |
Guardian Angel (Chinese: 守護神之保險調查) is a 2018 Hong Kong insurance drama produced by Shaw Brothers Studio. It stars Michael Miu, Bosco Wong, Annie Liu and Kate Tsui as the main cast, with Benz Hui, Hugo Ng, Alex Lam, MC Jin, Mimi Kung as the major supporting cast.
Synopsis
Northern Lights Insurance Company has a team of insurance investigators that is led by Fong Chi-keung (Benz Hui), who loves to make impromptu jokes, and includes wealthy heiress Dou Sum-yu (Annie Liu), the affectionate Bak Tin-ming (Bosco Wong), and retired police officer Cheung Tung (Michael Miu). They each have their own talents and form a legendary team in the insurance industry. They manage to thoroughly investigate and uncover the truth in all the thorny, dangerous or strange cases that are passed to them. Although 9 out of 10 cases end up with the insurance company paying out money, their mission is to discover the truth. Fairness, impartiality and righteousness are their guiding principles. The three investigators are like special agents, conducting cross-border investigations, searching for clues, following targets and gathering evidence. At the same time, they unintentionally become involved in many people's stories and become their guardian angel.
Cast
Main cast
Other main cast members
Insurance Cases
Case #1 – Fake Doctor Paper Fraud Insurance (Ep 1)
Case investigated by Dou Sum-yu and Bak Tin-ming.
Lokyii as Tracy. Bak Tin-ming investigates her as they think she is getting fake doctor's paper to get away from work and get insurance money.
Case #2 – Malaysia Beach Carnival Big Bang (Ep 1–2)
Case investigated by Cheung Tung, Bak Tin-ming, and Do Sum-yu.
Jeannie Chan as Joanne, the injured female. She is Fok Chung's girlfriend and was seriously injured in the first episode. She was able to recover.
Tong Wu Tsz-Tung as Jack Fok Chung (霍聰), Joanne's boyfriend. He crashed his car through the market afterwards making many injured and many terrorist claimed this attack as theirs.
Lam Yiu-sing as Li Yin-ka (李彥嘉). Moon's boyfriend. He wanted to retaliate against Lam Kwong-ming for his frivolousness, the fireworks she put in his back pocket triggered the incident.
Evelyn On Hei Ting as Moon. li Yin-ka's girlfriend.
Unknown Actor as Lam Kwok-ming (林光明), was retaliated by Li Yin-ka for being frivolous at the scene of the carnival. He was killed by the fireworks and dust explosion caused by Li Yin-ka in his back pocket.
Case #3 – Bank Robbery (Ep 3–5)
Case investigated by Cheung Tung.
Philip Keung as “Thin Ribs” (排骨細), Ah Bi's father betrayed his brother, Long Dabao. In episode 4, he was chased by the gang after his daughter robbed the gang's money. In episode 5, he was almost killed by the gang. Fortunately, Cheung Tung and Bak Tin-ming arrived to save him. Because his daughter murdered someone to save him, he cleaned her daughter's finger prints on the knife and put his. He was arrested and jailed for murder and robbery.
Hedwig Tam Sin-yin as Ah Bi, Thin Ribs’ daughter. In episode 4, she and her dad were chased by the gang after she robbed the gang's money. In episode 5, he was almost killed by the gang. Fortunately, Cheung Tung and Bak Tin-ming arrived to save him. Because she murdered someone to save her dad, her dad cleaned her finger prints on the knife and put his. Her dad, Thin Ribs, was arrested and jailed for murder and robbery.
Singh Hartihan Bitto as Long Dabao. He is a bank security guard and was the security guard present during the robbery. Cheung Tung is his idol. In episode 3, he was shot in the chest and almost died. In episode 4, while in hospital, he was mistaken for taking part in the bank robbery because his brother, Thin Ribs hid 20,000 yuan in his drawer as a sorry.
Case #4 – Fake Will (Ep 3–7)
Case investigated by Bak Tin-ming and Do Sum-yu.
Maggie Shiu as Linda Wong Lin (黃蓮). She is suspected of killing off the husbands who have changed there will to her so that she will get all the money. She now has a new man who is an old man named Richard, who later changes his will to her name instead of his kids. He has blood cancer and needs a matching bone marrow. The chances were very small but Linda tried and at the end, hers matched and Richard could recover. She also spent many of her late husbands will money on fighting court cases in Taiwan.
Johnny Ngan Kwok Leung as Richard (陳李察). He has blood cancer and his first wife pasted away. He met Linda when dancing outside. He changed the name of his will to her and she tests to see if her bone marrow matches. At the end, her bone marrow matched and according to Bak Tin-ming, he guessed Richard could live another 10 years. He is also the owner of a seafood shop.
Case #5 – Mini Storage Fire (Ep 8–9)
Case investigated by Cheung Tung, Bak Tin-ming, and Do Sum-yu.
Evergreen Mak Cheung-ching as Yan Chi-hang, In episode 8, himself, Ah Wing, and Uncle Mi ate hot pot in his mini-storage shop to celebrate Uncle Mi's birthday. They ate it in a secretly built and illegal room in his shop. After a sudden and strong shake like an earthquake occurring in the building, Uncle Mi accidentally overturned the stove and caused a serious fire. The sudden shake in the building was later found out to be because of a diamond robbery (Case #7). Because of the fire, it caused nearly all the objects in the mini-storage to be burned, and many tenants demanded huge compensation from Yan Chi-hang.
Simon Lo Man Kit as Ah Wing(阿榮), street cleaner and good friend of Yan Chi-hang and Uncle Mi. In episode 8, they ate hot pot in Yan Chi-hang's mini-storage shop to celebrate Uncle Mi's birthday. They ate it in a secretly built and illegal room in the shop. After a sudden and strong shake like an earthquake occurring in the building, Uncle Mi accidentally overturned the stove and caused a serious fire. The sudden shake in the building was later found out to be because of a diamond robbery (Case #7).
Lok San-mak as Uncle Mi (迷叔). He lives on the street and is good friends with Yan Chi-hang and Ah Wing. In episode 8, himself, Yan Chi-hang, and Ah Wing ate hot pot in Yan Chi-hang's mini-storage shop to celebrate his birthday. They ate it in a secretly built and illegal room in the shop. After a sudden and strong shake like an earthquake occurring in the building, he accidentally overturned the stove and caused a serious fire. The sudden shake in the building was later found out to be because of a diamond robbery (Case #7).
Case #6 -Post-traumatic stress claims (Ep 9–13)
Case investigated by Bak Tin-ming and Do Sum-yu.
Angie Cheong as Mak Chi-man or Ms. Mak (麥子文), singer and music teacher. She is Gordon's mom and Ma Ho-tin's ex-wife. She used Gordon's post-kidnapping to make it seem like Gordon cannot talk because of the kidnapping when actually, she told Gordon to do it.
Max Wong as Gordon, Ms. Mak's son. He is a rising kid singer. He was kidnapped and had trauma because of this. However, his mom used his kidnapping to try to get the insurance money. Bak Tin-Ming and Do Sum-yu thought he actually had Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome making him unable to talk but later, Gordon goes out to sing behind his mom's back. Later, it is discovered Gordon has trama as he was scared of fire and the dark and that his mom was keeping him from talking to get the insurance money.
Wilson Tsui as Ma Ho-Tin (馬浩田), father of Gordon and ex-husband of Ms. Mak. He divorced Ms. Mak because he loved another woman who in Case #7, turns out to be tricking him and just taking his money. He is very regretful about divorcing. He is the owner of a diamond company that appears in Case #7.
Case #7 – Diamond Burglary Case (Ep 10–11)
Case investigated by Cheung Tung and Do Sum-yu.
Wilson Tsui as Ma Ho-tin (馬浩田), the owner of the diamond company. In episode 10, he reported that a batch of diamonds worth 50 million were stolen. In fact, he stole the diamonds to pay the ransom to his son's kidnapped and reported them as lost in order to defraud insurance money. He kidnapped Dou Sum-yu but Cheung Tung saved her and he told him about Chan Fai and him pushing him onto the street and about what Lau Chun-jun did.
Iris Chung as Lau Chun-jun (劉俊軍), Ma Ho-Tin's secretary and girlfriend. Chan Fai's mistress. Herself and Chan Fai plotted and tried to steal the diamonds. In episode 11, she was arrested by the police for being part of the attempted robbery which caused the building to shake.
Deon Cheung Chi as Chan Fai (陳輝), Lau Chun-jun's lover. Plotted with Lau Chun-jun to steal the diamonds and he exploded the safe door, but because the explosives used were too powerful, it caused a strong shaking in the building and indirectly caused a serious fire in the mini-storage below. In episode 11, he obtained evidence that Ma Ho-tin stole diamonds and is defrauding to obtain insurance money. He used this to threaten Ma Ho-tin but was subsequently pushed out of the road by Ma Ho-tin and killed by the incoming car.
Case #8 – Emerald Necklace Stealing the Dragon and Turning the Phoenix (Episode 14–16)
Case investigated by Cheung Tung, Bak Tin-ming and Do Sum-yu.
Irene Wan as Sister Mi (Mi姐), outdated idol and actress. She was dissatisfied with the jewellery company's replacement of spokespersons and was not taken seriously by the company, so she deliberately exchanged the genuine and fake necklaces to play tricks on the jewellery company. After that, her house was stolen by her driver, and the emerald necklace was also stolen by the driver.
Louis Yan as Leung Mei (森美), the magician of the magic show Sister Mi was on. Was suspected by Bak Tin-ming of being the one that stole the necklace during the performance.
Zhihui Yu as Crystal, Sister Mi's Assistant/President of Sister Mi Fan Club.
Virginia Lau as Cherry, the person in charge of the Emerald Necklace Company. Made a fake for Sister Mi to wear outside the time of the media.
Case #9 – Concealing the condition and wealthy competition (episodes 16–18
Case investigated by Cheung Tung, Bak Tin-ming, and Do Sum-yu.
Ko Chun-man as Lam Chuen-yat (林泉溢), Pang Wai-ling's husband and an antique shop owner. Lam Chuen-hoi and Lam Chuen-yang's brother. Pang Yiu-yeung's brother-in-law. He was seriously injured in a traffic accident while taking his wife to the hospital in episode 17 and was admitted to the hospital. In episode 18, when he was critically ill, Pang Yiu-yeung had his oxygen hose removed causing him to die.
Akina Hong-wah as Pang Wai-ling (彭慧玲), Lam Chuen-yat's wife and Pang Yiu-yeung's sister. She suffers from gastric/stomach cancer. She was exposed by Dou Sun-yu after she purchased life insurance but concealed her condition. As a result, she was unable to obtain compensation. In episode 17, she was seriously injured in a traffic accident with her husband, Lam Chuen-yat and was admitted to the hospital. She was in critical condition and her husband was also in critical condition. Her husband was killed by her brother, Pang Yiu-yeung.
King Kong Lee as Pang Yiu-yeung (彭耀陽), Pang Wai-ling's brother. In episode 17, Dou Sum-yu ordered her sister's life insurance to be cancelled because she did not say she had stomach cancer. He hates Pang Wai-ling's husband, Lam Chuen-yat, and stole the jade bracelet from Lam Chuen-yat's antique shop in episode 17. In episode 18, he was fighting for her sister and brother-in-law, Lam Chuen-yat's inheritance, but whoever died first, the one still surviving's family would get the money because the two would anyway die from their injuries. He was discovered by Dou Sum-yu when he pulled Lam Chuen-yat's oxygen hose causing Lam Chuen-yat's death: he was subdued by medical staff, and was arrested by the police.
Eric Cheng Kai-tai as Lam Chuen-hoi, (林泉海) Lam Chuen-yat and Lam Chuen-yang's brother.
Casper Chan Sze-tsai as Lam Chuen-yang (林泉洋), alarm Chuen-yat and Lam Chuen-hoi's brother.
Unknown Actor as “Golden Retriever” (金毛), one of Pang Yiu-yeung's men.
Case #10 – Using the elderly to apply for insurance to defraud insurance money (Episode 19–20)
Case investigated by Cheung Tung.
Lo Hei-loi as (梅院長), The godmother of Yip Chi and the director of the nursing home. She used Yip Chi to defraud. In episode 19, Yip Chi reported her to the police and she was arrested in episode 20.
Case #11 – Athlete Claims (Episode 20–22)
Case investigated by Bak Tin-ming and Do Sum-yu.
Telford Wong Ting-fung as Fong Chi-ming (方志明), the boyfriend of Chan On-yee, broke up for a while, but reunited later. Janice's swimming coach. He also suffers from heart problem which can lead to heart attacks. In the past six months, he reported 15 times that he was injured for different reasons and filed a claim with the insurance company. The amount ranges from $8000 – $1.5 million.
Stephanie Au Hoi Shun as Chan On-yee (陳安兒), The girlfriend of the Hong Kong team swimmer Fong Chi-ming, broke up for a while, but reunited later. Likes bowling and got into bowling because of Andy Lau.
Brian Wong Chak-fung as Hong Kong National Swimming Team Coach.
Liu Siyuan as Janice. Her mentor is Fong Chi-ming.
Damon Law as Ah Fung, a TV station host.
Case #12 – Missing Doctor Life Insurance Claim (Episode 22–24)
Case investigated by Cheung Tung, Bak Tin-ming, and Do Sum-yu.
Zhai Tianlin as Ben Wong Kam-wing/Zheng Ping (黃錦榮/鄭平), Rex's friend. He pretended to be Zheng Ping who sells fruits in the Vietnam Village in Prague. He pretends to be Zheng Ping because in Hong Kong, he was a surgeon who was accused of manslaughter in a medical error six years ago. He jumped off the boat and pretended to commit suicide because of fear of going to prison. Purchased Zheng Ping's household registration status and lived as Zheng Ping. Seven years after his disappearance, his family intends to apply to the court for his death and receive life insurance compensation, but he was later found to have appeared in the news of the Prague Square shooting as the hero who saved many people. During the investigation, he has always denied his identify as Wong Kam-wing and planned to commit suicide as Zheng Ping, but after Dou Sum-yu took his daughter to see him, he decided to give up suicide and was willing to return to Hong Kong to accept legal sanctions.
MC Jin as Rex, a friend of Zheng Ping. Owner of a hot dog stall in Prague's Vietnam Village. At the end of episode 22, he found out that what Cheung Tung and Bak Tin-ming said were real because Zheng Ping showed him his passport with the name Wong Kam-wing. He was rescued by Wong Kam-wing when he was stabbed by a knife when he was young. In episode 23, he helped exchange the DNA box of Zheng Ping so that Cheung Tung and Bak Tin-ming would not get Zheng Ping's real DNA of Wong Kam-wing. Also, in episode 23, he was seriously injured by blocking a gun for Zheng Ping/Wong Kam-wing and Zheng Ping helped him do first aid and pull out the bullet to save his life.
Pancy Chan as Helen, Wong Kam-wing's wife. She intends to apply to the court to pronounce Wong Kam-wing dead and receive life insurance compensation after Wong Kam-wing disappeared for seven years.
Constance Kong as Bobo, Wong Kam-wing's daughter.
Kelvin Chan Kin-long as an Interpol. He defies the Vietnamese gang when hunting down Zheng Ping, who was impersonated by Wong Kam-wing. He later died.
References
https://encoretvb.com/english/series/118-Guardian_Angel
http://www.chinesedrama.info/2018/11/web-drama-guardian-angel.html
:zh:守護神之保險調查
http://chinesemov.com/tv/2018/Guardian-Angel.html
https://www.jaynestars.com/news/michael-miu-and-bosco-wongs-guardian-angels-to-air-after-fist-fight/
https://www.jaynestars.com/news/bosco-wong-has-good-chemistry-with-annie-liu/
邵氏兄弟《守護神之保險調查》劇集簡介
2018 television films |
```c++
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
// from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#include "GuIntersectionTriangleBox.h"
#include "CmMatrix34.h"
#include "PsVecMath.h"
#include "GuBox.h"
#include "GuSIMDHelpers.h"
using namespace physx;
/********************************************************/
/* AABB-triangle overlap test code */
/* by Tomas Akenine-M?r */
/* Function: int triBoxOverlap(float boxcenter[3], */
/* float boxhalfsize[3],float triverts[3][3]); */
/* History: */
/* 2001-03-05: released the code in its first version */
/* 2001-06-18: changed the order of the tests, faster */
/* */
/* Acknowledgement: Many thanks to Pierre Terdiman for */
/* suggestions and discussions on how to optimize code. */
/* Thanks to David Hunt for finding a ">="-bug! */
/********************************************************/
#define CROSS(dest,v1,v2) \
dest.x=v1.y*v2.z-v1.z*v2.y; \
dest.y=v1.z*v2.x-v1.x*v2.z; \
dest.z=v1.x*v2.y-v1.y*v2.x;
#define DOT(v1,v2) (v1.x*v2.x+v1.y*v2.y+v1.z*v2.z)
#define FINDMINMAX(x0, x1, x2, minimum, maximum) \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(x0, x1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(x0, x1); \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(minimum, x2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(maximum, x2);
static PX_FORCE_INLINE Ps::IntBool planeBoxOverlap(const PxVec3& normal, PxReal d, const PxVec3& maxbox)
{
PxVec3 vmin,vmax;
if (normal.x>0.0f)
{
vmin.x = -maxbox.x;
vmax.x = maxbox.x;
}
else
{
vmin.x = maxbox.x;
vmax.x = -maxbox.x;
}
if (normal.y>0.0f)
{
vmin.y = -maxbox.y;
vmax.y = maxbox.y;
}
else
{
vmin.y = maxbox.y;
vmax.y = -maxbox.y;
}
if (normal.z>0.0f)
{
vmin.z = -maxbox.z;
vmax.z = maxbox.z;
}
else
{
vmin.z = maxbox.z;
vmax.z = -maxbox.z;
}
if( normal.dot(vmin) + d > 0.0f) return Ps::IntFalse;
if( normal.dot(vmax) + d >= 0.0f) return Ps::IntTrue;
return Ps::IntFalse;
}
/*======================== X-tests ========================*/
#define AXISTEST_X01(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = a*v0.y - b*v0.z; \
p2 = a*v2.y - b*v2.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p2); \
rad = fa * extents.y + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
#define AXISTEST_X2(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = a*v0.y - b*v0.z; \
p1 = a*v1.y - b*v1.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p1); \
rad = fa * extents.y + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
/*======================== Y-tests ========================*/
#define AXISTEST_Y02(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = -a*v0.x + b*v0.z; \
p2 = -a*v2.x + b*v2.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p2); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
#define AXISTEST_Y1(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = -a*v0.x + b*v0.z; \
p1 = -a*v1.x + b*v1.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p1); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
/*======================== Z-tests ========================*/
#define AXISTEST_Z12(a, b, fa, fb) \
p1 = a*v1.x - b*v1.y; \
p2 = a*v2.x - b*v2.y; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p1, p2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p1, p2); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.y; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
#define AXISTEST_Z0(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = a*v0.x - b*v0.y; \
p1 = a*v1.x - b*v1.y; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p1); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.y; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
Ps::IntBool Gu::intersectTriangleBox_ReferenceCode(const PxVec3& boxcenter, const PxVec3& extents, const PxVec3& tp0, const PxVec3& tp1, const PxVec3& tp2)
{
/* use separating axis theorem to test overlap between triangle and box */
/* need to test for overlap in these directions: */
/* 1) the {x,y,z}-directions (actually, since we use the AABB of the triangle */
/* we do not even need to test these) */
/* 2) normal of the triangle */
/* 3) crossproduct(edge from tri, {x,y,z}-directin) */
/* this gives 3x3=9 more tests */
// This is the fastest branch on Sun - move everything so that the boxcenter is in (0,0,0)
const PxVec3 v0 = tp0 - boxcenter;
const PxVec3 v1 = tp1 - boxcenter;
const PxVec3 v2 = tp2 - boxcenter;
// compute triangle edges
const PxVec3 e0 = v1 - v0; // tri edge 0
const PxVec3 e1 = v2 - v1; // tri edge 1
const PxVec3 e2 = v0 - v2; // tri edge 2
float minimum,maximum,rad,p0,p1,p2;
// Bullet 3: test the 9 tests first (this was faster)
float fex = PxAbs(e0.x);
float fey = PxAbs(e0.y);
float fez = PxAbs(e0.z);
AXISTEST_X01(e0.z, e0.y, fez, fey);
AXISTEST_Y02(e0.z, e0.x, fez, fex);
AXISTEST_Z12(e0.y, e0.x, fey, fex);
fex = PxAbs(e1.x);
fey = PxAbs(e1.y);
fez = PxAbs(e1.z);
AXISTEST_X01(e1.z, e1.y, fez, fey);
AXISTEST_Y02(e1.z, e1.x, fez, fex);
AXISTEST_Z0(e1.y, e1.x, fey, fex);
fex = PxAbs(e2.x);
fey = PxAbs(e2.y);
fez = PxAbs(e2.z);
AXISTEST_X2(e2.z, e2.y, fez, fey);
AXISTEST_Y1(e2.z, e2.x, fez, fex);
AXISTEST_Z12(e2.y, e2.x, fey, fex);
// Bullet 1:
// first test overlap in the {x,y,z}-directions
// find minimum, maximum of the triangle each direction, and test for overlap in
// that direction -- this is equivalent to testing a minimal AABB around
// the triangle against the AABB
// test in X-direction
FINDMINMAX(v0.x, v1.x, v2.x, minimum, maximum);
if(minimum>extents.x || maximum<-extents.x) return Ps::IntFalse;
// test in Y-direction
FINDMINMAX(v0.y, v1.y, v2.y, minimum, maximum);
if(minimum>extents.y || maximum<-extents.y) return Ps::IntFalse;
// test in Z-direction
FINDMINMAX(v0.z, v1.z, v2.z, minimum, maximum);
if(minimum>extents.z || maximum<-extents.z) return Ps::IntFalse;
// Bullet 2:
// test if the box intersects the plane of the triangle
// compute plane equation of triangle: normal*x+d=0
PxVec3 normal;
CROSS(normal,e0,e1);
const float d=-DOT(normal,v0); // plane eq: normal.x+d=0
if(!planeBoxOverlap(normal, d, extents)) return Ps::IntFalse;
return Ps::IntTrue; // box and triangle overlaps
}
#undef CROSS
#undef DOT
#undef FINDMINMAX
#undef AXISTEST_X01
#undef AXISTEST_X2
#undef AXISTEST_Y02
#undef AXISTEST_Y1
#undef AXISTEST_Z12
#undef AXISTEST_Z0
using namespace Ps::aos;
static PX_FORCE_INLINE int testClassIIIAxes(const Vec4V& e0V, const Vec4V v0V, const Vec4V v1V, const Vec4V v2V, const PxVec3& extents)
{
const Vec4V e0XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(e0V);
const Vec4V v0XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(v0V);
const Vec4V p0V = V4NegMulSub(v0XZY_V, e0V, V4Mul(v0V, e0XZY_V));
const Vec4V v1XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(v1V);
const Vec4V p1V = V4NegMulSub(v1XZY_V, e0V, V4Mul(v1V, e0XZY_V));
const Vec4V v2XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(v2V);
const Vec4V p2V = V4NegMulSub(v2XZY_V, e0V, V4Mul(v2V, e0XZY_V));
Vec4V minV = V4Min(p0V, p1V);
minV = V4Min(minV, p2V);
const Vec4V extentsV = V4LoadU(&extents.x);
const Vec4V fe0ZYX_V = V4Abs(e0V);
const Vec4V fe0XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(fe0ZYX_V);
const Vec4V extentsXZY_V = V4PermYZXW(extentsV);
Vec4V radV = V4MulAdd(extentsV, fe0XZY_V, V4Mul(extentsXZY_V, fe0ZYX_V));
if(V4AnyGrtr3(minV, radV))
return 0;
Vec4V maxV = V4Max(p0V, p1V);
maxV = V4Max(maxV, p2V);
radV = V4Sub(V4Zero(), radV);
if(V4AnyGrtr3(radV, maxV))
return 0;
return 1;
}
static const VecU32V signV = U4LoadXYZW(0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000);
static PX_FORCE_INLINE Ps::IntBool intersectTriangleBoxInternal(const Vec4V v0V, const Vec4V v1V, const Vec4V v2V, const PxVec3& extents)
{
// Test box axes
{
Vec4V extentsV = V4LoadU(&extents.x);
{
const Vec4V cV = V4Abs(v0V);
if(V4AllGrtrOrEq3(extentsV, cV))
return 1;
}
Vec4V minV = V4Min(v0V, v1V);
minV = V4Min(minV, v2V);
if(V4AnyGrtr3(minV, extentsV))
return 0;
Vec4V maxV = V4Max(v0V, v1V);
maxV = V4Max(maxV, v2V);
extentsV = V4Sub(V4Zero(), extentsV);
if(V4AnyGrtr3(extentsV, maxV))
return 0;
}
// Test if the box intersects the plane of the triangle
const Vec4V e0V = V4Sub(v1V, v0V);
const Vec4V e1V = V4Sub(v2V, v1V);
{
const Vec4V normalV = V4Cross(e0V, e1V);
const Vec4V dV = Vec4V_From_FloatV(V4Dot3(normalV, v0V));
const Vec4V extentsV = V4LoadU(&extents.x);
VecU32V normalSignsV = V4U32and(VecU32V_ReinterpretFrom_Vec4V(normalV), signV);
const Vec4V maxV = Vec4V_ReinterpretFrom_VecU32V(V4U32or(VecU32V_ReinterpretFrom_Vec4V(extentsV), normalSignsV));
Vec4V tmpV = Vec4V_From_FloatV(V4Dot3(normalV, maxV));
if(V4AnyGrtr3(dV, tmpV))
return 0;
normalSignsV = V4U32xor(normalSignsV, signV);
const Vec4V minV = Vec4V_ReinterpretFrom_VecU32V(V4U32or(VecU32V_ReinterpretFrom_Vec4V(extentsV), normalSignsV));
tmpV = Vec4V_From_FloatV(V4Dot3(normalV, minV));
if(V4AnyGrtr3(tmpV, dV))
return 0;
}
// Edge-edge tests
{
if(!testClassIIIAxes(e0V, v0V, v1V, v2V, extents))
return 0;
if(!testClassIIIAxes(e1V, v0V, v1V, v2V, extents))
return 0;
const Vec4V e2V = V4Sub(v0V, v2V);
if(!testClassIIIAxes(e2V, v0V, v1V, v2V, extents))
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
// PT: a SIMD version of Tomas Moller's triangle-box SAT code
Ps::IntBool Gu::intersectTriangleBox_Unsafe(const PxVec3& center, const PxVec3& extents, const PxVec3& p0, const PxVec3& p1, const PxVec3& p2)
{
// Move everything so that the boxcenter is in (0,0,0)
const Vec4V BoxCenterV = V4LoadU(¢er.x);
const Vec4V v0V = V4Sub(V4LoadU(&p0.x), BoxCenterV);
const Vec4V v1V = V4Sub(V4LoadU(&p1.x), BoxCenterV);
const Vec4V v2V = V4Sub(V4LoadU(&p2.x), BoxCenterV);
return intersectTriangleBoxInternal(v0V, v1V, v2V, extents);
}
Ps::IntBool Gu::intersectTriangleBox(const BoxPadded& box, const PxVec3& p0_, const PxVec3& p1_, const PxVec3& p2_)
{
// PT: TODO: SIMDify this part
// Vec3p ensures we can safely V4LoadU the data
const Vec3p p0 = box.rotateInv(p0_ - box.center);
const Vec3p p1 = box.rotateInv(p1_ - box.center);
const Vec3p p2 = box.rotateInv(p2_ - box.center);
const Vec4V v0V = V4LoadU(&p0.x);
const Vec4V v1V = V4LoadU(&p1.x);
const Vec4V v2V = V4LoadU(&p2.x);
return intersectTriangleBoxInternal(v0V, v1V, v2V, box.extents);
}
static PX_FORCE_INLINE Vec4V multiply3x3V(const Vec4V p, const PxMat33& mat)
{
const FloatV xxxV = V4GetX(p);
const FloatV yyyV = V4GetY(p);
const FloatV zzzV = V4GetZ(p);
Vec4V ResV = V4Scale(V4LoadU(&mat.column0.x), xxxV);
ResV = V4Add(ResV, V4Scale(V4LoadU(&mat.column1.x), yyyV));
ResV = V4Add(ResV, V4Scale(V4LoadU(&mat.column2.x), zzzV));
return ResV;
}
// PT: warning: all params must be safe to V4LoadU
Ps::IntBool intersectTriangleBoxBV4(const PxVec3& p0, const PxVec3& p1, const PxVec3& p2,
const PxMat33& rotModelToBox, const PxVec3& transModelToBox, const PxVec3& extents)
{
const Vec4V transModelToBoxV = V4LoadU(&transModelToBox.x);
const Vec4V v0V = V4Add(multiply3x3V(V4LoadU(&p0.x), rotModelToBox), transModelToBoxV);
const Vec4V v1V = V4Add(multiply3x3V(V4LoadU(&p1.x), rotModelToBox), transModelToBoxV);
const Vec4V v2V = V4Add(multiply3x3V(V4LoadU(&p2.x), rotModelToBox), transModelToBoxV);
return intersectTriangleBoxInternal(v0V, v1V, v2V, extents);
}
``` |
```c++
#include "source/extensions/load_balancing_policies/common/load_balancer_impl.h"
#include <atomic>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdint>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "envoy/config/cluster/v3/cluster.pb.h"
#include "envoy/config/core/v3/base.pb.h"
#include "envoy/runtime/runtime.h"
#include "envoy/upstream/upstream.h"
#include "source/common/common/assert.h"
#include "source/common/common/logger.h"
#include "source/common/protobuf/utility.h"
#include "source/common/runtime/runtime_features.h"
#include "absl/container/fixed_array.h"
namespace Envoy {
namespace Upstream {
namespace {
static const std::string RuntimeZoneEnabled = "upstream.zone_routing.enabled";
static const std::string RuntimeMinClusterSize = "upstream.zone_routing.min_cluster_size";
static const std::string RuntimePanicThreshold = "upstream.healthy_panic_threshold";
// Returns true if the weights of all the hosts in the HostVector are equal.
bool hostWeightsAreEqual(const HostVector& hosts) {
if (hosts.size() <= 1) {
return true;
}
const uint32_t weight = hosts[0]->weight();
for (size_t i = 1; i < hosts.size(); ++i) {
if (hosts[i]->weight() != weight) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
} // namespace
std::pair<int32_t, size_t> distributeLoad(PriorityLoad& per_priority_load,
const PriorityAvailability& per_priority_availability,
size_t total_load, size_t normalized_total_availability) {
int32_t first_available_priority = -1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < per_priority_availability.get().size(); ++i) {
if (first_available_priority < 0 && per_priority_availability.get()[i] > 0) {
first_available_priority = i;
}
// Now assign as much load as possible to the high priority levels and cease assigning load
// when total_load runs out.
per_priority_load.get()[i] = std::min<uint32_t>(
total_load, per_priority_availability.get()[i] * 100 / normalized_total_availability);
total_load -= per_priority_load.get()[i];
}
return {first_available_priority, total_load};
}
absl::optional<envoy::extensions::load_balancing_policies::common::v3::LocalityLbConfig>
LoadBalancerConfigHelper::localityLbConfigFromCommonLbConfig(
const envoy::config::cluster::v3::Cluster::CommonLbConfig& common_config) {
if (common_config.has_locality_weighted_lb_config()) {
envoy::extensions::load_balancing_policies::common::v3::LocalityLbConfig locality_lb_config;
locality_lb_config.mutable_locality_weighted_lb_config();
return locality_lb_config;
} else if (common_config.has_zone_aware_lb_config()) {
envoy::extensions::load_balancing_policies::common::v3::LocalityLbConfig locality_lb_config;
auto& zone_aware_lb_config = *locality_lb_config.mutable_zone_aware_lb_config();
const auto& legacy_zone_aware_lb_config = common_config.zone_aware_lb_config();
if (legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.has_routing_enabled()) {
*zone_aware_lb_config.mutable_routing_enabled() =
legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.routing_enabled();
}
if (legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.has_min_cluster_size()) {
*zone_aware_lb_config.mutable_min_cluster_size() =
legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.min_cluster_size();
}
zone_aware_lb_config.set_fail_traffic_on_panic(
legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.fail_traffic_on_panic());
return locality_lb_config;
}
return {};
}
std::pair<uint32_t, LoadBalancerBase::HostAvailability>
LoadBalancerBase::choosePriority(uint64_t hash, const HealthyLoad& healthy_per_priority_load,
const DegradedLoad& degraded_per_priority_load) {
hash = hash % 100 + 1; // 1-100
uint32_t aggregate_percentage_load = 0;
// As with tryChooseLocalLocalityHosts, this can be refactored for efficiency
// but O(N) is good enough for now given the expected number of priorities is
// small.
// We first attempt to select a priority based on healthy availability.
for (size_t priority = 0; priority < healthy_per_priority_load.get().size(); ++priority) {
aggregate_percentage_load += healthy_per_priority_load.get()[priority];
if (hash <= aggregate_percentage_load) {
return {static_cast<uint32_t>(priority), HostAvailability::Healthy};
}
}
// If no priorities were selected due to health, we'll select a priority based degraded
// availability.
for (size_t priority = 0; priority < degraded_per_priority_load.get().size(); ++priority) {
aggregate_percentage_load += degraded_per_priority_load.get()[priority];
if (hash <= aggregate_percentage_load) {
return {static_cast<uint32_t>(priority), HostAvailability::Degraded};
}
}
// The percentages should always add up to 100 but we have to have a return for the compiler.
IS_ENVOY_BUG("unexpected load error");
return {0, HostAvailability::Healthy};
}
LoadBalancerBase::LoadBalancerBase(const PrioritySet& priority_set, ClusterLbStats& stats,
Runtime::Loader& runtime, Random::RandomGenerator& random,
uint32_t healthy_panic_threshold)
: stats_(stats), runtime_(runtime), random_(random),
default_healthy_panic_percent_(healthy_panic_threshold), priority_set_(priority_set) {
for (auto& host_set : priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()) {
recalculatePerPriorityState(host_set->priority(), priority_set_, per_priority_load_,
per_priority_health_, per_priority_degraded_, total_healthy_hosts_);
}
// Recalculate panic mode for all levels.
recalculatePerPriorityPanic();
priority_update_cb_ = priority_set_.addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
recalculatePerPriorityState(priority, priority_set_, per_priority_load_,
per_priority_health_, per_priority_degraded_,
total_healthy_hosts_);
recalculatePerPriorityPanic();
stashed_random_.clear();
return absl::OkStatus();
});
}
// The following cases are handled by
// recalculatePerPriorityState and recalculatePerPriorityPanic methods (normalized total health is
// sum of all priorities' health values and capped at 100).
// - normalized total health is = 100%. It means there are enough healthy hosts to handle the load.
// Do not enter panic mode, even if a specific priority has low number of healthy hosts.
// - normalized total health is < 100%. There are not enough healthy hosts to handle the load.
// Continue distributing the load among priority sets, but turn on panic mode for a given priority
// if # of healthy hosts in priority set is low.
// - all host sets are in panic mode. Situation called TotalPanic. Load distribution is
// calculated based on the number of hosts in each priority regardless of their health.
// - all hosts in all priorities are down (normalized total health is 0%). If panic
// threshold > 0% the cluster is in TotalPanic (see above). If panic threshold == 0
// then priorities are not in panic, but there are no healthy hosts to route to.
// In this case just mark P=0 as recipient of 100% of the traffic (nothing will be routed
// to P=0 anyways as there are no healthy hosts there).
void LoadBalancerBase::recalculatePerPriorityState(uint32_t priority,
const PrioritySet& priority_set,
HealthyAndDegradedLoad& per_priority_load,
HealthyAvailability& per_priority_health,
DegradedAvailability& per_priority_degraded,
uint32_t& total_healthy_hosts) {
per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
per_priority_health.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
per_priority_degraded.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
total_healthy_hosts = 0;
// Determine the health of the newly modified priority level.
// Health ranges from 0-100, and is the ratio of healthy/degraded hosts to total hosts, modified
// by the overprovisioning factor.
HostSet& host_set = *priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority];
per_priority_health.get()[priority] = 0;
per_priority_degraded.get()[priority] = 0;
const auto host_count = host_set.hosts().size() - host_set.excludedHosts().size();
if (host_count > 0) {
uint64_t healthy_weight = 0;
uint64_t degraded_weight = 0;
uint64_t total_weight = 0;
if (host_set.weightedPriorityHealth()) {
for (const auto& host : host_set.healthyHosts()) {
healthy_weight += host->weight();
}
for (const auto& host : host_set.degradedHosts()) {
degraded_weight += host->weight();
}
for (const auto& host : host_set.hosts()) {
total_weight += host->weight();
}
uint64_t excluded_weight = 0;
for (const auto& host : host_set.excludedHosts()) {
excluded_weight += host->weight();
}
ASSERT(total_weight >= excluded_weight);
total_weight -= excluded_weight;
} else {
healthy_weight = host_set.healthyHosts().size();
degraded_weight = host_set.degradedHosts().size();
total_weight = host_count;
}
// Each priority level's health is ratio of healthy hosts to total number of hosts in a
// priority multiplied by overprovisioning factor of 1.4 and capped at 100%. It means that if
// all hosts are healthy that priority's health is 100%*1.4=140% and is capped at 100% which
// results in 100%. If 80% of hosts are healthy, that priority's health is still 100%
// (80%*1.4=112% and capped at 100%).
per_priority_health.get()[priority] =
std::min<uint32_t>(100,
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
(host_set.overprovisioningFactor() * healthy_weight / total_weight));
// We perform the same computation for degraded hosts.
per_priority_degraded.get()[priority] = std::min<uint32_t>(
100, (host_set.overprovisioningFactor() * degraded_weight / total_weight));
ENVOY_LOG(trace,
"recalculated priority state: priority level {}, healthy weight {}, total weight {}, "
"overprovision factor {}, healthy result {}, degraded result {}",
priority, healthy_weight, total_weight, host_set.overprovisioningFactor(),
per_priority_health.get()[priority], per_priority_degraded.get()[priority]);
}
// Now that we've updated health for the changed priority level, we need to calculate percentage
// load for all priority levels.
// First, determine if the load needs to be scaled relative to availability (healthy + degraded).
// For example if there are 3 host sets with 10% / 20% / 10% health and 20% / 10% / 0% degraded
// they will get 16% / 28% / 14% load to healthy hosts and 28% / 14% / 0% load to degraded hosts
// to ensure total load adds up to 100. Note the first healthy priority is receiving 2% additional
// load due to rounding.
//
// Sum of priority levels' health and degraded values may exceed 100, so it is capped at 100 and
// referred as normalized total availability.
const uint32_t normalized_total_availability =
calculateNormalizedTotalAvailability(per_priority_health, per_priority_degraded);
if (normalized_total_availability == 0) {
// Everything is terrible. There is nothing to calculate here.
// Let recalculatePerPriorityPanic and recalculateLoadInTotalPanic deal with
// load calculation.
return;
}
// We start of with a total load of 100 and distribute it between priorities based on
// availability. We first attempt to distribute this load to healthy priorities based on healthy
// availability.
const auto first_healthy_and_remaining =
distributeLoad(per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_, per_priority_health, 100,
normalized_total_availability);
// Using the remaining load after allocating load to healthy priorities, distribute it based on
// degraded availability.
const auto remaining_load_for_degraded = first_healthy_and_remaining.second;
const auto first_degraded_and_remaining =
distributeLoad(per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_, per_priority_degraded,
remaining_load_for_degraded, normalized_total_availability);
// Anything that remains should just be rounding errors, so allocate that to the first available
// priority, either as healthy or degraded.
const auto remaining_load = first_degraded_and_remaining.second;
if (remaining_load != 0) {
const auto first_healthy = first_healthy_and_remaining.first;
const auto first_degraded = first_degraded_and_remaining.first;
ASSERT(first_healthy != -1 || first_degraded != -1);
// Attempt to allocate the remainder to the first healthy priority first. If no such priority
// exist, allocate to the first degraded priority.
ASSERT(remaining_load < per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().size() +
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().size());
if (first_healthy != -1) {
per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get()[first_healthy] += remaining_load;
} else {
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get()[first_degraded] += remaining_load;
}
}
// The allocated load between healthy and degraded should be exactly 100.
ASSERT(100 == std::accumulate(per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().begin(),
per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().end(), 0) +
std::accumulate(per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().begin(),
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().end(), 0));
for (auto& host_set : priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority()) {
total_healthy_hosts += host_set->healthyHosts().size();
}
}
// Method iterates through priority levels and turns on/off panic mode.
void LoadBalancerBase::recalculatePerPriorityPanic() {
per_priority_panic_.resize(priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
const uint32_t normalized_total_availability =
calculateNormalizedTotalAvailability(per_priority_health_, per_priority_degraded_);
const uint64_t panic_threshold = std::min<uint64_t>(
100, runtime_.snapshot().getInteger(RuntimePanicThreshold, default_healthy_panic_percent_));
// This is corner case when panic is disabled and there is no hosts available.
// LoadBalancerBase::choosePriority method expects that the sum of
// load percentages always adds up to 100.
// To satisfy that requirement 100% is assigned to P=0.
// In reality no traffic will be routed to P=0 priority, because
// the panic mode is disabled and LoadBalancer will try to find
// a healthy node and none is available.
if (panic_threshold == 0 && normalized_total_availability == 0) {
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[0] = 100;
return;
}
bool total_panic = true;
for (size_t i = 0; i < per_priority_health_.get().size(); ++i) {
// For each level check if it should run in panic mode. Never set panic mode if
// normalized total health is 100%, even when individual priority level has very low # of
// healthy hosts.
const HostSet& priority_host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[i];
per_priority_panic_[i] =
(normalized_total_availability == 100 ? false : isHostSetInPanic(priority_host_set));
total_panic = total_panic && per_priority_panic_[i];
}
// If all priority levels are in panic mode, load distribution
// is done differently.
if (total_panic) {
recalculateLoadInTotalPanic();
}
}
// recalculateLoadInTotalPanic method is called when all priority levels
// are in panic mode. The load distribution is done NOT based on number
// of healthy hosts in the priority, but based on number of hosts
// in each priority regardless of its health.
void LoadBalancerBase::recalculateLoadInTotalPanic() {
// First calculate total number of hosts across all priorities regardless
// whether they are healthy or not.
const uint32_t total_hosts_count =
std::accumulate(priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().begin(),
priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().end(), static_cast<size_t>(0),
[](size_t acc, const std::unique_ptr<Envoy::Upstream::HostSet>& host_set) {
return acc + host_set->hosts().size();
});
if (0 == total_hosts_count) {
// Backend is empty, but load must be distributed somewhere.
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[0] = 100;
return;
}
// Now iterate through all priority levels and calculate how much
// load is supposed to go to each priority. In panic mode the calculation
// is based not on the number of healthy hosts but based on the number of
// total hosts in the priority.
uint32_t total_load = 100;
int32_t first_noempty = -1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < per_priority_panic_.size(); i++) {
const HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[i];
const auto hosts_num = host_set.hosts().size();
if ((-1 == first_noempty) && (0 != hosts_num)) {
first_noempty = i;
}
const uint32_t priority_load = 100 * hosts_num / total_hosts_count;
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[i] = priority_load;
per_priority_load_.degraded_priority_load_.get()[i] = 0;
total_load -= priority_load;
}
// Add the remaining load to the first not empty load.
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[first_noempty] += total_load;
// The total load should come up to 100%.
ASSERT(100 == std::accumulate(per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get().begin(),
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get().end(), 0));
}
std::pair<HostSet&, LoadBalancerBase::HostAvailability>
LoadBalancerBase::chooseHostSet(LoadBalancerContext* context, uint64_t hash) const {
if (context) {
const auto priority_loads = context->determinePriorityLoad(
priority_set_, per_priority_load_, Upstream::RetryPriority::defaultPriorityMapping);
const auto priority_and_source = choosePriority(hash, priority_loads.healthy_priority_load_,
priority_loads.degraded_priority_load_);
return {*priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority_and_source.first],
priority_and_source.second};
}
const auto priority_and_source = choosePriority(hash, per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_,
per_priority_load_.degraded_priority_load_);
return {*priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority_and_source.first],
priority_and_source.second};
}
ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase(
const PrioritySet& priority_set, const PrioritySet* local_priority_set, ClusterLbStats& stats,
Runtime::Loader& runtime, Random::RandomGenerator& random, uint32_t healthy_panic_threshold,
const absl::optional<LocalityLbConfig> locality_config)
: LoadBalancerBase(priority_set, stats, runtime, random, healthy_panic_threshold),
local_priority_set_(local_priority_set),
min_cluster_size_(locality_config.has_value()
? PROTOBUF_GET_WRAPPED_OR_DEFAULT(
locality_config->zone_aware_lb_config(), min_cluster_size, 6U)
: 6U),
routing_enabled_(locality_config.has_value()
? PROTOBUF_PERCENT_TO_ROUNDED_INTEGER_OR_DEFAULT(
locality_config->zone_aware_lb_config(), routing_enabled, 100, 100)
: 100),
fail_traffic_on_panic_(locality_config.has_value()
? locality_config->zone_aware_lb_config().fail_traffic_on_panic()
: false),
locality_weighted_balancing_(locality_config.has_value() &&
locality_config->has_locality_weighted_lb_config()) {
ASSERT(!priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().empty());
resizePerPriorityState();
priority_update_cb_ = priority_set_.addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
// Make sure per_priority_state_ is as large as priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()
resizePerPriorityState();
// If P=0 changes, regenerate locality routing structures. Locality based routing is
// disabled at all other levels.
if (local_priority_set_ && priority == 0) {
regenerateLocalityRoutingStructures();
}
return absl::OkStatus();
});
if (local_priority_set_) {
// Multiple priorities are unsupported for local priority sets.
// In order to support priorities correctly, one would have to make some assumptions about
// routing (all local Envoys fail over at the same time) and use all priorities when computing
// the locality routing structure.
ASSERT(local_priority_set_->hostSetsPerPriority().size() == 1);
local_priority_set_member_update_cb_handle_ = local_priority_set_->addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
ASSERT(priority == 0);
// If the set of local Envoys changes, regenerate routing for P=0 as it does priority
// based routing.
regenerateLocalityRoutingStructures();
return absl::OkStatus();
});
}
}
void ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::regenerateLocalityRoutingStructures() {
ASSERT(local_priority_set_);
stats_.lb_recalculate_zone_structures_.inc();
// resizePerPriorityState should ensure these stay in sync.
ASSERT(per_priority_state_.size() == priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
// We only do locality routing for P=0
uint32_t priority = 0;
PerPriorityState& state = *per_priority_state_[priority];
// Do not perform any calculations if we cannot perform locality routing based on non runtime
// params.
if (earlyExitNonLocalityRouting()) {
state.locality_routing_state_ = LocalityRoutingState::NoLocalityRouting;
return;
}
HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority];
const HostsPerLocality& upstreamHostsPerLocality = host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality();
const size_t num_upstream_localities = upstreamHostsPerLocality.get().size();
ASSERT(num_upstream_localities >= 2);
// It is worth noting that all of the percentages calculated are orthogonal from
// how much load this priority level receives, percentageLoad(priority).
//
// If the host sets are such that 20% of load is handled locally and 80% is residual, and then
// half the hosts in all host sets go unhealthy, this priority set will
// still send half of the incoming load to the local locality and 80% to residual.
//
// Basically, fairness across localities within a priority is guaranteed. Fairness across
// localities across priorities is not.
const HostsPerLocality& localHostsPerLocality = localHostSet().healthyHostsPerLocality();
auto locality_percentages =
calculateLocalityPercentages(localHostsPerLocality, upstreamHostsPerLocality);
// If we have lower percent of hosts in the local cluster in the same locality,
// we can push all of the requests directly to upstream cluster in the same locality.
if (upstreamHostsPerLocality.hasLocalLocality() &&
locality_percentages[0].upstream_percentage > 0 &&
locality_percentages[0].upstream_percentage >= locality_percentages[0].local_percentage) {
state.locality_routing_state_ = LocalityRoutingState::LocalityDirect;
return;
}
state.locality_routing_state_ = LocalityRoutingState::LocalityResidual;
// If we cannot route all requests to the same locality, calculate what percentage can be routed.
// For example, if local percentage is 20% and upstream is 10%
// we can route only 50% of requests directly.
// Local percent can be 0% if there are no upstream hosts in the local locality.
state.local_percent_to_route_ =
upstreamHostsPerLocality.hasLocalLocality() && locality_percentages[0].local_percentage > 0
? locality_percentages[0].upstream_percentage * 10000 /
locality_percentages[0].local_percentage
: 0;
// Local locality does not have additional capacity (we have already routed what we could).
// Now we need to figure out how much traffic we can route cross locality and to which exact
// locality we should route. Percentage of requests routed cross locality to a specific locality
// needed be proportional to the residual capacity upstream locality has.
//
// residual_capacity contains capacity left in a given locality, we keep accumulating residual
// capacity to make search for sampled value easier.
// For example, if we have the following upstream and local percentage:
// local_percentage: 40000 40000 20000
// upstream_percentage: 25000 50000 25000
// Residual capacity would look like: 0 10000 5000. Now we need to sample proportionally to
// bucket sizes (residual capacity). For simplicity of finding where specific
// sampled value is, we accumulate values in residual capacity. This is what it will look like:
// residual_capacity: 0 10000 15000
// Now to find a locality to route (bucket) we could simply iterate over residual_capacity
// searching where sampled value is placed.
state.residual_capacity_.resize(num_upstream_localities);
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_upstream_localities; ++i) {
uint64_t last_residual_capacity = i > 0 ? state.residual_capacity_[i - 1] : 0;
LocalityPercentages this_locality_percentages = locality_percentages[i];
if (i == 0 && upstreamHostsPerLocality.hasLocalLocality()) {
// This is a local locality, we have already routed what we could.
state.residual_capacity_[i] = last_residual_capacity;
continue;
}
// Only route to the localities that have additional capacity.
if (this_locality_percentages.upstream_percentage >
this_locality_percentages.local_percentage) {
state.residual_capacity_[i] = last_residual_capacity +
this_locality_percentages.upstream_percentage -
this_locality_percentages.local_percentage;
} else {
// Locality with index "i" does not have residual capacity, but we keep accumulating previous
// values to make search easier on the next step.
state.residual_capacity_[i] = last_residual_capacity;
}
}
}
void ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::resizePerPriorityState() {
const uint32_t size = priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size();
while (per_priority_state_.size() < size) {
// Note for P!=0, PerPriorityState is created with NoLocalityRouting and never changed.
per_priority_state_.push_back(std::make_unique<PerPriorityState>());
}
}
bool ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::earlyExitNonLocalityRouting() {
// We only do locality routing for P=0.
HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[0];
if (host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().get().size() < 2) {
return true;
}
// Do not perform locality routing if there are too few local localities for zone routing to have
// an effect.
if (localHostSet().hostsPerLocality().get().size() < 2) {
return true;
}
// Do not perform locality routing if the local cluster doesn't have any hosts in the current
// envoy's local locality. This breaks our assumptions about the local cluster being correctly
// configured, so we don't have enough information to perform locality routing. Note: If other
// envoys do exist according to the local cluster, they will still be able to perform locality
// routing correctly. This will not cause a traffic imbalance because other envoys will not know
// about the current one, so they will not factor it into locality routing calculations.
if (!localHostSet().hostsPerLocality().hasLocalLocality() ||
localHostSet().hostsPerLocality().get()[0].empty()) {
stats_.lb_local_cluster_not_ok_.inc();
return true;
}
// Do not perform locality routing for small clusters.
const uint64_t min_cluster_size =
runtime_.snapshot().getInteger(RuntimeMinClusterSize, min_cluster_size_);
if (host_set.healthyHosts().size() < min_cluster_size) {
stats_.lb_zone_cluster_too_small_.inc();
return true;
}
return false;
}
HostConstSharedPtr ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::chooseHost(LoadBalancerContext* context) {
HostConstSharedPtr host;
const size_t max_attempts = context ? context->hostSelectionRetryCount() + 1 : 1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < max_attempts; ++i) {
host = chooseHostOnce(context);
// If host selection failed or the host is accepted by the filter, return.
// Otherwise, try again.
// Note: in the future we might want to allow retrying when chooseHostOnce returns nullptr.
if (!host || !context || !context->shouldSelectAnotherHost(*host)) {
return host;
}
}
// If we didn't find anything, return the last host.
return host;
}
bool LoadBalancerBase::isHostSetInPanic(const HostSet& host_set) const {
uint64_t global_panic_threshold = std::min<uint64_t>(
100, runtime_.snapshot().getInteger(RuntimePanicThreshold, default_healthy_panic_percent_));
const auto host_count = host_set.hosts().size() - host_set.excludedHosts().size();
double healthy_percent =
host_count == 0 ? 0.0 : 100.0 * host_set.healthyHosts().size() / host_count;
double degraded_percent =
host_count == 0 ? 0.0 : 100.0 * host_set.degradedHosts().size() / host_count;
// If the % of healthy hosts in the cluster is less than our panic threshold, we use all hosts.
if ((healthy_percent + degraded_percent) < global_panic_threshold) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
absl::FixedArray<ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::LocalityPercentages>
ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::calculateLocalityPercentages(
const HostsPerLocality& local_hosts_per_locality,
const HostsPerLocality& upstream_hosts_per_locality) {
uint64_t total_local_hosts = 0;
std::map<envoy::config::core::v3::Locality, uint64_t, LocalityLess> local_counts;
for (const auto& locality_hosts : local_hosts_per_locality.get()) {
total_local_hosts += locality_hosts.size();
// If there is no entry in the map for a given locality, it is assumed to have 0 hosts.
if (!locality_hosts.empty()) {
local_counts.insert(std::make_pair(locality_hosts[0]->locality(), locality_hosts.size()));
}
}
uint64_t total_upstream_hosts = 0;
for (const auto& locality_hosts : upstream_hosts_per_locality.get()) {
total_upstream_hosts += locality_hosts.size();
}
absl::FixedArray<LocalityPercentages> percentages(upstream_hosts_per_locality.get().size());
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < upstream_hosts_per_locality.get().size(); ++i) {
const auto& upstream_hosts = upstream_hosts_per_locality.get()[i];
if (upstream_hosts.empty()) {
// If there are no upstream hosts in a given locality, the upstream percentage is 0.
// We can't determine the locality of this group, so we can't find the corresponding local
// count. However, if there are no upstream hosts in a locality, the local percentage doesn't
// matter.
percentages[i] = LocalityPercentages{0, 0};
continue;
}
const auto& locality = upstream_hosts[0]->locality();
const auto& local_count_it = local_counts.find(locality);
const uint64_t local_count = local_count_it == local_counts.end() ? 0 : local_count_it->second;
const uint64_t local_percentage =
total_local_hosts > 0 ? 10000ULL * local_count / total_local_hosts : 0;
const uint64_t upstream_percentage =
total_upstream_hosts > 0 ? 10000ULL * upstream_hosts.size() / total_upstream_hosts : 0;
percentages[i] = LocalityPercentages{local_percentage, upstream_percentage};
}
return percentages;
}
uint32_t ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::tryChooseLocalLocalityHosts(const HostSet& host_set) const {
PerPriorityState& state = *per_priority_state_[host_set.priority()];
ASSERT(state.locality_routing_state_ != LocalityRoutingState::NoLocalityRouting);
// At this point it's guaranteed to be at least 2 localities in the upstream host set.
const size_t number_of_localities = host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().get().size();
ASSERT(number_of_localities >= 2U);
// Try to push all of the requests to the same locality if possible.
if (state.locality_routing_state_ == LocalityRoutingState::LocalityDirect) {
ASSERT(host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().hasLocalLocality());
stats_.lb_zone_routing_all_directly_.inc();
return 0;
}
ASSERT(state.locality_routing_state_ == LocalityRoutingState::LocalityResidual);
ASSERT(host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().hasLocalLocality() ||
state.local_percent_to_route_ == 0);
// If we cannot route all requests to the same locality, we already calculated how much we can
// push to the local locality, check if we can push to local locality on current iteration.
if (random_.random() % 10000 < state.local_percent_to_route_) {
stats_.lb_zone_routing_sampled_.inc();
return 0;
}
// At this point we must route cross locality as we cannot route to the local locality.
stats_.lb_zone_routing_cross_zone_.inc();
// This is *extremely* unlikely but possible due to rounding errors when calculating
// locality percentages. In this case just select random locality.
if (state.residual_capacity_[number_of_localities - 1] == 0) {
stats_.lb_zone_no_capacity_left_.inc();
return random_.random() % number_of_localities;
}
// Random sampling to select specific locality for cross locality traffic based on the
// additional capacity in localities.
uint64_t threshold = random_.random() % state.residual_capacity_[number_of_localities - 1];
// This potentially can be optimized to be O(log(N)) where N is the number of localities.
// Linear scan should be faster for smaller N, in most of the scenarios N will be small.
//
// Bucket 1: [0, state.residual_capacity_[0] - 1]
// Bucket 2: [state.residual_capacity_[0], state.residual_capacity_[1] - 1]
// ...
// Bucket N: [state.residual_capacity_[N-2], state.residual_capacity_[N-1] - 1]
int i = 0;
while (threshold >= state.residual_capacity_[i]) {
i++;
}
return i;
}
absl::optional<ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::HostsSource>
ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::hostSourceToUse(LoadBalancerContext* context, uint64_t hash) const {
auto host_set_and_source = chooseHostSet(context, hash);
// The second argument tells us which availability we should target from the selected host set.
const auto host_availability = host_set_and_source.second;
auto& host_set = host_set_and_source.first;
HostsSource hosts_source;
hosts_source.priority_ = host_set.priority();
// If the selected host set has insufficient healthy hosts, return all hosts (unless we should
// fail traffic on panic, in which case return no host).
if (per_priority_panic_[hosts_source.priority_]) {
stats_.lb_healthy_panic_.inc();
if (fail_traffic_on_panic_) {
return absl::nullopt;
} else {
hosts_source.source_type_ = HostsSource::SourceType::AllHosts;
return hosts_source;
}
}
// If we're doing locality weighted balancing, pick locality.
//
// The chooseDegradedLocality or chooseHealthyLocality may return valid locality index
// when the locality_weighted_lb_config is set or load balancing policy extension is used.
// This if statement is to make sure we only do locality weighted balancing when the
// locality_weighted_lb_config is set explicitly even the hostSourceToUse is called in the
// load balancing policy extensions.
if (locality_weighted_balancing_) {
absl::optional<uint32_t> locality;
if (host_availability == HostAvailability::Degraded) {
locality = host_set.chooseDegradedLocality();
} else {
locality = host_set.chooseHealthyLocality();
}
if (locality.has_value()) {
auto source_type = localitySourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
hosts_source.locality_index_ = locality.value();
return hosts_source;
}
}
// If we've latched that we can't do locality-based routing, return healthy or degraded hosts
// for the selected host set.
if (per_priority_state_[host_set.priority()]->locality_routing_state_ ==
LocalityRoutingState::NoLocalityRouting) {
auto source_type = sourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
return hosts_source;
}
// Determine if the load balancer should do zone based routing for this pick.
if (!runtime_.snapshot().featureEnabled(RuntimeZoneEnabled, routing_enabled_)) {
auto source_type = sourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
return hosts_source;
}
if (isHostSetInPanic(localHostSet())) {
stats_.lb_local_cluster_not_ok_.inc();
// If the local Envoy instances are in global panic, and we should not fail traffic, do
// not do locality based routing.
if (fail_traffic_on_panic_) {
return absl::nullopt;
} else {
auto source_type = sourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
return hosts_source;
}
}
auto source_type = localitySourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
hosts_source.locality_index_ = tryChooseLocalLocalityHosts(host_set);
return hosts_source;
}
const HostVector& ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::hostSourceToHosts(HostsSource hosts_source) const {
const HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[hosts_source.priority_];
switch (hosts_source.source_type_) {
case HostsSource::SourceType::AllHosts:
return host_set.hosts();
case HostsSource::SourceType::HealthyHosts:
return host_set.healthyHosts();
case HostsSource::SourceType::DegradedHosts:
return host_set.degradedHosts();
case HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityHealthyHosts:
return host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().get()[hosts_source.locality_index_];
case HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityDegradedHosts:
return host_set.degradedHostsPerLocality().get()[hosts_source.locality_index_];
}
PANIC_DUE_TO_CORRUPT_ENUM;
}
EdfLoadBalancerBase::EdfLoadBalancerBase(
const PrioritySet& priority_set, const PrioritySet* local_priority_set, ClusterLbStats& stats,
Runtime::Loader& runtime, Random::RandomGenerator& random, uint32_t healthy_panic_threshold,
const absl::optional<LocalityLbConfig> locality_config,
const absl::optional<SlowStartConfig> slow_start_config, TimeSource& time_source)
: ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase(priority_set, local_priority_set, stats, runtime, random,
healthy_panic_threshold, locality_config),
seed_(random_.random()),
slow_start_window_(slow_start_config.has_value()
? std::chrono::milliseconds(DurationUtil::durationToMilliseconds(
slow_start_config.value().slow_start_window()))
: std::chrono::milliseconds(0)),
aggression_runtime_(
slow_start_config.has_value() && slow_start_config.value().has_aggression()
? absl::optional<Runtime::Double>({slow_start_config.value().aggression(), runtime})
: absl::nullopt),
time_source_(time_source), latest_host_added_time_(time_source_.monotonicTime()),
slow_start_min_weight_percent_(slow_start_config.has_value()
? PROTOBUF_PERCENT_TO_DOUBLE_OR_DEFAULT(
slow_start_config.value(), min_weight_percent, 10) /
100.0
: 0.1) {
// We fully recompute the schedulers for a given host set here on membership change, which is
// consistent with what other LB implementations do (e.g. thread aware).
// The downside of a full recompute is that time complexity is O(n * log n),
// so we will need to do better at delta tracking to scale (see
// path_to_url
priority_update_cb_ = priority_set.addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) {
refresh(priority);
return absl::OkStatus();
});
member_update_cb_ = priority_set.addMemberUpdateCb(
[this](const HostVector& hosts_added, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
if (isSlowStartEnabled()) {
recalculateHostsInSlowStart(hosts_added);
}
return absl::OkStatus();
});
}
void EdfLoadBalancerBase::initialize() {
for (uint32_t priority = 0; priority < priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size(); ++priority) {
refresh(priority);
}
}
void EdfLoadBalancerBase::recalculateHostsInSlowStart(const HostVector& hosts) {
// TODO(nezdolik): linear scan can be improved with using flat hash set for hosts in slow start.
for (const auto& host : hosts) {
auto current_time = time_source_.monotonicTime();
// Host enters slow start if only it has transitioned into healthy state.
if (host->coarseHealth() == Upstream::Host::Health::Healthy) {
auto host_last_hc_pass_time =
host->lastHcPassTime() ? host->lastHcPassTime().value() : current_time;
auto in_healthy_state_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
current_time - host_last_hc_pass_time);
// If there is no active HC enabled or HC has not run, start slow start window from current
// time.
if (!host->lastHcPassTime()) {
host->setLastHcPassTime(std::move(current_time));
}
// Check if host existence time is within slow start window.
if (host_last_hc_pass_time > latest_host_added_time_ &&
in_healthy_state_duration <= slow_start_window_) {
latest_host_added_time_ = host_last_hc_pass_time;
}
}
}
}
void EdfLoadBalancerBase::refresh(uint32_t priority) {
const auto add_hosts_source = [this](HostsSource source, const HostVector& hosts) {
// Nuke existing scheduler if it exists.
auto& scheduler = scheduler_[source] = Scheduler{};
refreshHostSource(source);
if (isSlowStartEnabled()) {
recalculateHostsInSlowStart(hosts);
}
// Check if the original host weights are equal and no hosts are in slow start mode, in that
// case EDF creation is skipped. When all original weights are equal and no hosts are in slow
// start mode we can rely on unweighted host pick to do optimal round robin and least-loaded
// host selection with lower memory and CPU overhead.
if (hostWeightsAreEqual(hosts) && noHostsAreInSlowStart()) {
// Skip edf creation.
return;
}
if (Runtime::runtimeFeatureEnabled(
"envoy.reloadable_features.edf_lb_host_scheduler_init_fix")) {
// If there are no hosts or a single one, there is no need for an EDF scheduler
// (thus lowering memory and CPU overhead), as the (possibly) single host
// will be the one always selected by the scheduler.
if (hosts.size() <= 1) {
return;
}
// Populate the scheduler with the host list with a randomized starting point.
// TODO(mattklein123): We must build the EDF schedule even if all of the hosts are currently
// weighted 1. This is because currently we don't refresh host sets if only weights change.
// We should probably change this to refresh at all times. See the comment in
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList about this.
scheduler.edf_ = std::make_unique<EdfScheduler<Host>>(EdfScheduler<Host>::createWithPicks(
hosts,
// We use a fixed weight here. While the weight may change without
// notification, this will only be stale until this host is next picked,
// at which point it is reinserted into the EdfScheduler with its new
// weight in chooseHost().
[this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); }, seed_));
} else {
scheduler.edf_ = std::make_unique<EdfScheduler<Host>>();
// Populate scheduler with host list.
// TODO(mattklein123): We must build the EDF schedule even if all of the hosts are currently
// weighted 1. This is because currently we don't refresh host sets if only weights change.
// We should probably change this to refresh at all times. See the comment in
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList about this.
for (const auto& host : hosts) {
// We use a fixed weight here. While the weight may change without
// notification, this will only be stale until this host is next picked,
// at which point it is reinserted into the EdfScheduler with its new
// weight in chooseHost().
scheduler.edf_->add(hostWeight(*host), host);
}
// Cycle through hosts to achieve the intended offset behavior.
// TODO(htuch): Consider how we can avoid biasing towards earlier hosts in the schedule across
// refreshes for the weighted case.
if (!hosts.empty()) {
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < seed_ % hosts.size(); ++i) {
auto host =
scheduler.edf_->pickAndAdd([this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); });
}
}
}
};
// Populate EdfSchedulers for each valid HostsSource value for the host set at this priority.
const auto& host_set = priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority];
add_hosts_source(HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::AllHosts), host_set->hosts());
add_hosts_source(HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::HealthyHosts),
host_set->healthyHosts());
add_hosts_source(HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::DegradedHosts),
host_set->degradedHosts());
for (uint32_t locality_index = 0;
locality_index < host_set->healthyHostsPerLocality().get().size(); ++locality_index) {
add_hosts_source(
HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityHealthyHosts, locality_index),
host_set->healthyHostsPerLocality().get()[locality_index]);
}
for (uint32_t locality_index = 0;
locality_index < host_set->degradedHostsPerLocality().get().size(); ++locality_index) {
add_hosts_source(
HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityDegradedHosts, locality_index),
host_set->degradedHostsPerLocality().get()[locality_index]);
}
}
bool EdfLoadBalancerBase::isSlowStartEnabled() const {
return slow_start_window_ > std::chrono::milliseconds(0);
}
bool EdfLoadBalancerBase::noHostsAreInSlowStart() const {
if (!isSlowStartEnabled()) {
return true;
}
auto current_time = time_source_.monotonicTime();
if (std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
current_time - latest_host_added_time_) <= slow_start_window_) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
HostConstSharedPtr EdfLoadBalancerBase::peekAnotherHost(LoadBalancerContext* context) {
if (tooManyPreconnects(stashed_random_.size(), total_healthy_hosts_)) {
return nullptr;
}
const absl::optional<HostsSource> hosts_source = hostSourceToUse(context, random(true));
if (!hosts_source) {
return nullptr;
}
auto scheduler_it = scheduler_.find(*hosts_source);
// We should always have a scheduler for any return value from
// hostSourceToUse() via the construction in refresh();
ASSERT(scheduler_it != scheduler_.end());
auto& scheduler = scheduler_it->second;
// As has been commented in both EdfLoadBalancerBase::refresh and
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList, we must do a runtime pivot here to determine
// whether to use EDF or do unweighted (fast) selection. EDF is non-null iff the original
// weights of 2 or more hosts differ.
if (scheduler.edf_ != nullptr) {
return scheduler.edf_->peekAgain([this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); });
} else {
const HostVector& hosts_to_use = hostSourceToHosts(*hosts_source);
if (hosts_to_use.empty()) {
return nullptr;
}
return unweightedHostPeek(hosts_to_use, *hosts_source);
}
}
HostConstSharedPtr EdfLoadBalancerBase::chooseHostOnce(LoadBalancerContext* context) {
const absl::optional<HostsSource> hosts_source = hostSourceToUse(context, random(false));
if (!hosts_source) {
return nullptr;
}
auto scheduler_it = scheduler_.find(*hosts_source);
// We should always have a scheduler for any return value from
// hostSourceToUse() via the construction in refresh();
ASSERT(scheduler_it != scheduler_.end());
auto& scheduler = scheduler_it->second;
// As has been commented in both EdfLoadBalancerBase::refresh and
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList, we must do a runtime pivot here to determine
// whether to use EDF or do unweighted (fast) selection. EDF is non-null iff the original
// weights of 2 or more hosts differ.
if (scheduler.edf_ != nullptr) {
auto host = scheduler.edf_->pickAndAdd([this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); });
return host;
} else {
const HostVector& hosts_to_use = hostSourceToHosts(*hosts_source);
if (hosts_to_use.empty()) {
return nullptr;
}
return unweightedHostPick(hosts_to_use, *hosts_source);
}
}
namespace {
double applyAggressionFactor(double time_factor, double aggression) {
if (aggression == 1.0 || time_factor == 1.0) {
return time_factor;
} else {
return std::pow(time_factor, 1.0 / aggression);
}
}
} // namespace
double EdfLoadBalancerBase::applySlowStartFactor(double host_weight, const Host& host) const {
// We can reliably apply slow start weight only if `last_hc_pass_time` in host has been populated
// either by active HC or by `member_update_cb_` in `EdfLoadBalancerBase`.
if (host.lastHcPassTime() && host.coarseHealth() == Upstream::Host::Health::Healthy) {
auto in_healthy_state_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
time_source_.monotonicTime() - host.lastHcPassTime().value());
if (in_healthy_state_duration < slow_start_window_) {
double aggression =
aggression_runtime_ != absl::nullopt ? aggression_runtime_.value().value() : 1.0;
if (aggression <= 0.0 || std::isnan(aggression)) {
ENVOY_LOG_EVERY_POW_2(error, "Invalid runtime value provided for aggression parameter, "
"aggression cannot be less than 0.0");
aggression = 1.0;
}
ASSERT(aggression > 0.0);
auto time_factor = static_cast<double>(std::max(std::chrono::milliseconds(1).count(),
in_healthy_state_duration.count())) /
slow_start_window_.count();
return host_weight * std::max(applyAggressionFactor(time_factor, aggression),
slow_start_min_weight_percent_);
} else {
return host_weight;
}
} else {
return host_weight;
}
}
} // namespace Upstream
} // namespace Envoy
``` |
Baudouin of Ninove was a Flemish historian active around 1294. His Chronicon runs from the birth of Christ to that year.
References
Chroniclers from the Holy Roman Empire
Flemish historians
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown |
Nizhny Dubovets () is a rural locality () and the administrative center of Chermoshnyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:
Geography
The village is located on the Dubovets Brook (a right tributary of the Polnaya in the basin of the Seym), from the Russia–Ukraine border, south-east of Kursk, north-east of the district center – the urban-type settlement Medvenka.
Climate
Nizhny Dubovets has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Transport
Nizhny Dubovets is located from the federal route Crimea Highway (a part of the European route ), from the road of intermunicipal significance (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polevaya), from the road (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polny – 38N-236), on the road (38N-237 – Vyshny Dubovets – border with Oboyansky District), from the nearest railway station Polevaya (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated from Kursk Vostochny Airport, from Belgorod International Airport and from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
References
Notes
Sources
Rural localities in Medvensky District |
Håkon Lundenes (born 2 January 1954) is a former Norwegian ice hockey player. He was born in Oslo and played for the club Furuset IF. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team at the 1980 Winter Olympics.
References
1954 births
Living people
Ice hockey people from Oslo
Norwegian ice hockey players
Olympic ice hockey players for Norway
Ice hockey players at the 1980 Winter Olympics |
Diary of a Mad Band is the second studio album from American R&B group Jodeci, released December 21, 1993, on Uptown Records and distributed through MCA Records. The album also featured the first-ever album appearances from Timbaland, Missy Elliott (credited as Misdemeanor) and Sista, two years before the latter group became known in the music industry. New Jersey rapper Redman also makes a guest appearance on the album. It was Jodeci's second album to reach number one on the R&B album chart, where it stayed for two weeks. It spawned the number 1 R&B hit "Cry for You"; the number 2 R&B hit "Feenin'", and the Top 15 R&B hit "What About Us". Despite not being released as a single, the album's opening track, "My Heart Belongs To U", was also an urban radio hit with it peaking at #55 & charting for 20 weeks on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart. To date, the album has sold over four million copies in the United States and six million worldwide.
Release and reception
Dimitri Ehrlich of Entertainment Weekly wrote that at times bested the group's first, stating that the songs on their sophomore effort "often transcend the formulaic histrionics that marred their debut." AllMusic critic Ron Wynn deemed the record "jarring" and "mismatched", preferring its sentimental love songs to the sexually explicit, hip hop-influenced "come-on numbers", which he found to be in poor taste. Rohan B. Preston from the Chicago Tribune found the lyrics clichéd and Jodeci "certainly not as funky as H-Town nor as stirring as Boyz II Men at their best". Robert Christgau was even less impressed and assigned it a "neither" symbol in his Consumer Guide book, indicating an album that "may impress once or twice with consistent craft or an arresting track or two. Then it won't."
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Singles
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.
Certifications
Personnel
Information taken from Allmusic.
arranging – Dalvin DeGrate, Cedric "K-Ci" Hailey, DeVante Swing
recording engineer – Prince Charles Alexander
assistant engineer – Steve Fitzmaurice
creative director – Brett Wright
scratches - Timbaland
executive producers – Tim Dawg, Andre Harrell, Jodeci, Steve Lucas
guitar – Darryl Pearson
horn – Charles "Prince Charles" Alexander
mastering – Chris Gehringer
mixing – Charles "Prince Charles" Alexander, Bob Brockman, Dalvin DeGrate, Steve Fitzmaurice, Tony Maserati, DeVante Swing, John Wydrycs
multi-instruments – Dalvin DeGrate, DeVante Swing
talkbox - Mike "Funky Mike" Jackson
photography – Daniel Hastings
production – Mr. Dalvin, DeVante Swing
production coordination – Dean "Mr. Magoo" Moodie
vocal consultant – Kenny Hicks
backing vocals – Jodeci
guest vocals – Redman, Timbaland, Sista and Misdemeanor
See also
List of number-one R&B albums of 1994 (U.S.)
Notes
External links
Diary of a Mad Band at Discogs
1993 albums
Jodeci albums
MCA Records albums
Uptown Records albums |
Cymakra granata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 10 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs in the Sea of Cortez, Western Mexico, and off Panama
References
McLean, J.H. & Poorman, R. (1971) New species of tropical Eastern Pacific Turridae. The Veliger, 14, 89–113
External links
granata
Gastropods described in 1971 |
The Chambersburg and Gettysburg Electric Railway was an interurban trolley system of the early 20th century in south central Pennsylvania. Built in 1903, the line ran from Chambersburg eastward to Caledonia State Park. The line was to be extended to Gettysburg, but the cost of dealing with the steep grades on that section prevented completion. Due to disputes over line crossings with the Pennsylvania Railroad, the line did not open until 1905. It operated until December 21, 1926.
The C&G used a broad gauge, similar to other Pennsylvania interurban lines.
See also
Chambersburg, Greencastle and Waynesboro Street Railway
Chambersburg and Shippensburg Railway
References
Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
Interurban railways in Pennsylvania
Transportation in Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Railway companies established in 1903
Railway companies disestablished in 1926
5 ft 2½ in gauge railways in the United States
1903 establishments in Pennsylvania
1926 disestablishments in Pennsylvania |
Singspiel (25 February 1992 – 1 July 2010) was an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for a series of wins in major international races in 1996 and 1997. In a racing career which lasted from September 1994 until August 1997 he won nine of his twenty races and finished second on eight occasions. After showing good, but unexceptional form in his first two seasons he emerged as a world class performer in 1996 when he won the Canadian International Stakes and Japan Cup and was named U.S. Champion Male Turf Horse. In the following season he added victories in the Dubai World Cup, Coronation Cup and International Stakes before his career was ended by injury. After his retirement from racing he had considerable success as a sire of winners before his death in 2010.
Background
Singspiel was a small, dark-coated bay horse with a small white star bred in Ireland by his owner Sheikh Mohammed. He was sired by In the Wings, a son of Sadler's Wells whose wins included the Coronation Cup, the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud and the Breeders' Cup Turf in America. At stud he also sired Winged Love (Irish Derby), Adlerflug (German Derby), Act One (Prix Lupin), Kutub (Singapore Gold Cup) and Mamool (Grosser Preis von Baden). Singspiel's dam was the Eclipse Award winner and Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame Glorious Song who also produced the successful racehorse and breeding stallion Rahy.
The colt was sent into training with Michael Stoute at the Freemason Lodge stables at Newmarket, Suffolk.
Racing career
1994: two-year-old season
Singspiel began his racing career at Leicester Racecourse on 6 September 1994, when he finished fifth in a maiden race over seven furlongs. Two weeks later he recorded his first victory when he was made the 4/6 favourite for the Marford Maiden Stakes at Chester Racecourse and won from seven opponents. On 8 October he ran in the Hyperion Stakes at Ascot Racecourse. Singspiel proved no match for the year's outstanding two-year-old Celtic Swing, who beat him by eight lengths, but he finished ten lengths clear of the other runners.
1995: three-year-old season
As a three-year-old in 1995 Singspiel ran consistently but won only once from six races. He began his season by running second by a neck to Pentire in the Sandown Classic Trial and then finished fourth to Luso when favourite for the Chester Vase. He then finished second to Valanour in the Grand Prix de Paris and to Halling in the Eclipse Stakes, beaten a neck on each occasion. He was beaten a short head by Pentire in the Great Voltigeur Stakes before winning the Troy Stakes at Doncaster Racecourse in September.
1996: four-year-old season
Singspiel began his third season on 27 April at Sandown Park Racecourse, when he defeated his stable companion Pilsudski by three lengths in the Gordon Richards Stakes. He was then beaten a neck by Swain in the Coronation Cup at Epsom Downs Racecourse in June and finished second to Posidonas in the Princess of Wales's Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse in July.
In September Singspiel won the Select Stakes over ten furlongs at Goodwood Racecourse from three opponents and then began to race outside Europe. On 29 September he was made favourite for the Canadian International Stakes at Woodbine Racecourse and won by two lengths from the local champion Chief Bearhart under a "hands and heels" ride from Gary Stevens. A month later he returned to Woodbine for the thirteenth running of the Breeders' Cup Turf. He finished second to Pilsudski, ahead of a strong field including Swain, Shantou, Awad, Dushyantor and Chief Bearhart. In November, Singspiel was sent to Tokyo Racecourse to contest the Japan Cup. Ridden by Frankie Dettori he won a closely contested finish by a nose from the Japanese filly Fabulous La Fouine with the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe winner Helissio in third.
In January 1997, Singspiel won the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Male Turf Horse ahead of Fastness and Diplomatic Jet.
1997: five-year-old season
In early 1997, Singspiel was sent to the United Arab Emirates where he was trained for the second running of the Dubai World Cup on 3 April. Racing on dirt for the first time, Sheikh Mohammed's horse was ridden by the American jockey Jerry Bailey who had won the inaugural running of the race on Cigar. After an eventful race, in which two horses fell, Singspiel claimed the £1.5 million prize, beating the Santa Anita Handicap winner Siphon by one and a quarter lengths. The beaten horses included Formal Gold who went on to defeat Skip Away in the Woodward Stakes. Bailey said that "with Singspiel's attitude, I knew I could take on anything", while Stoute described the win as the horse's "crowning moment". On his return to England was an easy winner of the Coronation Cup, beating Dushyantor by five lengths. In July he finished fourth behind Swain, Pilsudski and Helissio in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot Racecourse. Sinspiel's final race was the International Stakes at York on 19 August in which his three rivals were the outstanding filly Bosra Sham, The Derby winner Benny the Dip and the Irish Derby winner Desert King. Ridden by Dettori, Singspiel took the lead in the straight and stayed on "gamely" to win by one and a half lengths from Desert King.
Singspiel was being prepared for a second attempt at the Breeders' Cup Turf at Hollywood Park when he sustained a condylar fracture of his right front leg and was retired from racing.
Stud career
Singspiel was retired after the 1997 season and was sent to Sheikh Mohammed's Dalham Hall Stud near Newmarket in England to stand at stud. He was "shuttled" to stand in Australia in 2001 but the experiment was not repeated after the stallion responded poorly to air travel.
Major winners
c = colt, f = filly, g = gelding
Singspiel was euthanised on 1 July 2010 at Newmarket Equine Hospital due to laminitis following an illness. Sheikh Mohammed's bloodstock advisor John Ferguson described him as "an outstandingly tough racehorse" who would be "sadly missed".
Pedigree
References
1992 racehorse births
2010 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Ireland
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Dubai World Cup winners
Japan Cup winners
Eclipse Award winners
Thoroughbred family 12-c |
Da Cor do Pecado (English title: Shades of Sin) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo in the traditional 7pm timeslot between 26 January and 28 August 2004 with a total of 185 episodes, replacing Kubanacan and preceding Começar de Novo.
It is one of Rede Globo's most successful productions, just coming after Avenida Brasil, in terms of viewership and worldwide exhibition, as it been sold to close to 100 countries.
Starring Taís Araújo, Reynaldo Gianecchini, Giovanna Antonelli, Lima Duarte, Rosi Campos, Aracy Balabanian, Guilherme Weber and Tuca Andrada.
Synopsis
First phase
In the 1970s, businessman Alfonso Lambertini has an affair with a maid of his mansion, Edilásia, and she becomes pregnant. Alfonso is the husband of Silvia, a woman of fragile health whom he loves. Edilásia is pregnant with twin boys but hides it from Alfonso. Germana, the housekeeper and a close friend of Alfonso and Silvia, helps Edilásia flee, leaving one child with Alfonso and taking the other. Shortly after, Silvia dies, and Alfonso is plunged into depression.
Thirty years later, Alfonso's son, Paco, is now a botanist who is very dedicated to his profession and who does not agree with his father's actions, such as deforestation and burning of trees for the sake of establishing his ventures. Paco does not know he has a twin and that his biological mother is Edilásia; he thinks he is the son of Silvia. On a trip to Maranhão, Paco meets Preta, a beautiful black girl from São Luís do Maranhão who sells herbs in a tent with her mother, Lita.
Preta and Paco fall in love at first sight and they exchange vows of eternal passion, but Preta is suspicious of a rich white man, because she is black and poor and knows that a rich white man would use her easily. However, Paco is engaged to Bárbara, a cunning woman who is false, manipulative, cruel, dishonest and very biased; she hates Preta and often refer to Preta as "little blackie".
Meanwhile, Apollo lives with his mother Edilásia and his four half-brothers: Ulisses, Thor, Dionísio and Abelardo on the beach. It is a simple life, but very affectionate. Edilásia is sad to have left another son, Paco, in the hands of a powerful man as Alfonso. Her late husband, Napoleon Sardinha, was a great wrestler and is revered by the whole family, who also practice the sport. Apollo does not know the truth and thinks his father is Napoleon.
The story has other nuclei, such as Vera and Edu, Bárbara's parents who are divorced and who love to pose as wealthy, but are actually each supported by Bárbara. Both fully support the coup on Paco's daughter. Other plots include Moa, a passionate surfer who becomes romantically involved with Apollo, Ulisses, Thor, Dionísio and Abelardo; and Kaíke, Bárbara's lover, blinded by love, who will do anything for her, including traps to separate Preta and Paco.
It is in one of those traps that Paco is disappointed with Preta: Bárbara and Kaíke make it appear that Preta bought almost fifty thousand dollars on appliances and furniture using Paco's credit cards, and even betrayed him. At the same time, Paco learns that Bárbara is pregnant by him - when in fact the child is Kaíke's - and has a big fight with his father. Soon, Paco learns that Bárbara is Kaíke's lover, and becomes furious with her. The snake convinces Paco that Alfonso will intern in a hospital for the insane. All this culminates in a helicopter tour with Paco and Bárbara.
At the same time, Apollo and Ulisses are traveling to Brazil in a sailboat. One night, the brothers host some strange-looking men. Ulisses discovers that they are carrying almost one hundred million dollars in gold stolen from the Group Lambertini. Upon learning that Ulisses discovered this, the men try to kill him, but Apollo stops them and falls into the sea along with all the gold, presumes dead. The men flee. The next morning, Paco, mad with hatred of life, takes the helicopter out to the sea and nearly dies when a piece of iron strikes him in the head. He is saved by Ulisses, who was coincidentally in the same place and believes that Paco is Apollo because the two are completely identical. Paco then proves to that Ulisses that he is not Apollo, and the two are puzzled. Ulisses, however, does not dare tell his mother that her "favorite" son died and suggests that Paco take his place. Seeing a unique opportunity to abandon a life surrounded by deceit and brutality of those who live around them and start a new life from scratch, Paco accepts. At the same time, in Maranhão, Preta has two stories: the first is that Paco, the love of his life, died. The second is that she is pregnant with Paco's child.
Second phase
Eight years pass. Paco is still in Maranhão with Ulisses, preparing to return home. Preta is the mother of Raí, naughty boy with a good heart, and she wants to prove that the boy is the son of Paco.
Bárbara has a troubled son, Octávio, and is married to Tony, an unscrupulous and calculating employee of Alfonso. They will do anything to ensure that Preta does not prove that Raí is the son of Paco.
Now, Paco, pretending to be Apollo, and Ulisses are back, and the lives of all will change with the return of Apollo, who was not dead, only suffering from amnesia.
Cast
Reception
Ratings
In its premiere, Da Cor do Pecado recorded a viewership rating of 42 points with 61% share.
In the finale, it registered viewership rating of 51 points with 69% audience share.
It averagely obtained viewership rating of 43.1 points the highest in the 21st century.
References
External links
2004 Brazilian television series debuts
2004 Brazilian television series endings
2004 telenovelas
TV Globo telenovelas
Telenovelas by João Emanuel Carneiro
Portuguese-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Rio de Janeiro (city)
Television series about twins
Racism in television |
Hobetsu Dam is a rockfill dam located in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 70.5 km2. The dam impounds about 109 ha of land when full and can store 10330 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1970 and completed in 1985.
References
Dams in Hokkaido |
Anne Wolden-Ræthinge, known by the pseudonym Ninka, (11 July 1929 – 22 April 2016) was a Danish broadcast and newspaper journalist, biographer and writer who specialised in interviews with high-profile figures. She first worked at the Copenhagen daily conservative newspaper Nationaltidende in 1951 and authored articles about women's issues at from 1954 to 1961 with contributions to Alt for Damerne. Wolden-Ræthinge worked for the Sunday edition of the newspaper Politiken from 1961, covering social issues and then became the publication's leading interviewer for its feature articles. She was a 1974 recipient of the Cavling Prize and was made a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1991.
Early life
Wolden-Ræthinge was born in Gråsten in South Jutland on 11 July 1929. She was the daughter of the detective Hans Povl Emil Ræthinge and the customs administrator Ellen Margrethe Wolden. Wolden-Ræthinge had two younger siblings and was brought up in Gråsten with a politically active mother and a local journalist. She attended , where she gave brief interviews to the local social democratic newspaper Sønderjyden in her final years there. Wolden-Ræthinge graduated from the school in 1946 and joined the staff of Sønderjyden as a trainee journalist the following year. She ventured to the United States and studied journalism at Oklahoma State University–Stillwater under the Marie Illum Grant and the Carlsberg Foundation Travel Grant for two-and-a-half-years.<ref
name=KVINFOEntry/>
Career
Following her return to Denmark, Wolden-Ræthinge gained employment at the Copenhagen daily conservative newspaper Nationaltidende in 1951. In 1954, she was employed by after the journalist , the newspaper's female pages editor, introduced Wolden-Ræthinge to the publication. Wolden-Ræthinge adopted the pseudonym Ninka after the busy and organised Rabbit (Ninka Ninus) in the children's story series "Winnie-the-Pooh" by A. A. Milne. She had been asked by the newspaper's typographers to adopt a short pseudonym for easier printing in the lead of the time. Wolden-Ræthinge primarily authored articles about women's issues. She did some Danish radio broadcasts with the writer from 1954 to 1958 and was a contributor to Alt for Damerne.
After Dagens Nyheder closed in September 1961, Wolden-Ræthinge transferred to the daily newspaper Politiken by its Sunday editor Paul Hammerich. Her first years at the publication saw her cover social issues, which she did by conducting multiple interviews with an emphasis on human aspects. Wolden-Ræthinge became the publication's leading interviewer for its feature articles on its Sunday edition, and her first interview was with her former editor-in-chief Jens Søltoft-Jensen. She came into close contact with many personalities from the worlds of architecture, literature, music, politics, theatre, revues and visual arts, and conducted many interviews with them by focusing on "the psychological empathy based on sympathy, prefers more than she provokes or seeks to hand over." Wolden-Ræthinge specialised in the personal interview that aims "to paint a topical, possibly situational, portrait of the interviewee" and focus primarily on the interviewees views, assessments and inner life in lieu of critical analysis or professional aspects from their working life.
She interviewed notable world figures such as Ingmar Bergman, Marlene Dietrich and Olof Palme as well as Danish personalities including Carl Theodor Dreyer, Osvald Helmuth, Jens Otto Krag, Per Kirkeby and Carl-Henning Pedersen. Wolden-Ræthinge portrayed members of the Danish royal family in books and on television. She was the author of books based on her interviews, including udgivet 33 portrætter (1969), Den vanskelige død (1974), Ni Ninka interviews fra Amalienborg til Christiania (1977), Pas på! Dig og trafikken (1978), Nye Ninka interviews (1980), Dialog mellem to generatione (1988), Dronning i Danmark. Margrethe den anden fortæller om sit liv (1989), og En familie og dens dronning (1996), 29 danske politikere. Ninka interviews gennem 40 år (2001), Rejse i livet – kronrins Frederik fortæller til Ninka (2002), Om lidt er vi borte. Modstandsbevægelsens topfolk fortæller til Ninka (2005) and Helle – i samtaler med Ninka (2011).
Personal life
Wolden-Ræthinge had one child, and was not married. She died on 22 April 2016.
Awards
In 1974, Wolden-Ræthinge was awarded the Cavling Prize to honor her "as an interviewer and also for giving readers a new insight into the everyday world in which we live." That same year, she was the recipient of the and the Ebbe Muncks Honorary Award in 1992. Wolden-Ræthinge was appointed Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1991.
References
1929 births
2016 deaths
20th-century Danish women writers
21st-century Danish women writers
20th-century Danish biographers
21st-century Danish biographers
20th-century Danish journalists
21st-century Danish journalists
Danish women journalists
Danish women biographers
Radio reporters and correspondents
Politiken writers
Danish newspaper writers
People from Sønderborg Municipality
Oklahoma State University alumni
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog |
Gaston Dorren is a Dutch language expert, journalist, and writer. He was born in Valkenburg aan de Geul, Netherlands and currently resides in Amersfoort, Netherlands with his wife Marleen Bekker. Dorren is a polyglot who is able to speak six different languages and read nine more. Dorren has achieved a modicum of international success, with Lingo being published in 12 different languages and Babel in 15. He also developed an app called The Language Lovers Guide to Europe, but it is no longer available.
Dorren wrote his most recent work, Babel, entirely in both English and Dutch himself. The book was awarded the Dutch Language Book Prize 2019 by the language magazine Onze Taal and the Belgian-Dutch cultural association ANV. His works have received positive reviews from publications such as Kirkus Reviews, The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, and BBC
Bibliography
This bibliography only covers the books that have been written by Dorren, not the abundance of articles for various blogs, websites and magazines throughout Europe.
References
External links
Language Writer
1965 births
Living people
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century Dutch journalists
21st-century Dutch male writers
21st-century Dutch journalists
People from Valkenburg aan de Geul
People from Amersfoort |
A Falcon 9 first-stage booster is a reusable rocket booster used on the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy orbital launch vehicles manufactured by SpaceX. The manufacture of first-stage booster constitutes about 60% of the launch price of a single expended Falcon 9 (and three of them over 80% of the launch price of an expended Falcon Heavy), which led SpaceX to develop a program dedicated to recovery and reuse of these boosters for a significant decrease in launch costs. After multiple attempts, some as early as 2010, at controlling the reentry of the first stage after its separation from the second stage, the first successful controlled landing of a first stage occurred on 22 December 2015, on the first flight of the Full Thrust version. Since then, Falcon 9 first-stage boosters have been landed and recovered 205 times out of attempts, including synchronized recoveries of the side-boosters of most Falcon Heavy flights. One of the Falcon Heavy center boosters landed softly but it was severely damaged during transport, and one mission, ViaSat-3, had the rocket’s side and center boosters fully expended, which makes it the first time that all of the boosters were expended.
In total recovered boosters have been refurbished and subsequently flown at least a second time, with a record of 17 missions. SpaceX intentionally limited Block 3 and Block 4 boosters to flying only two missions each, but the company indicated in 2018 that they expected the Block 5 versions to achieve ten flights, each with only minor refurbishment. This milestone was first achieved by Booster B1051 on the Starlink-27 mission in 2021.
All boosters in Block 4 and earlier have been retired, expended, or lost. The last flight of a Block 4 booster was in June 2018. Since then all boosters in the active fleet are Block 5.
Booster names are a B followed by a four-digit number. The first Falcon 9 version, v1.0, had boosters B0001 to B0007. All following boosters were numbered sequentially starting at B1001, the number 1 standing for first-stage booster.
List of boosters
v1.0 and v1.1
These boosters were the first two major versions of the Falcon 9. These boosters looked very different from the more recent models. They were much smaller and had much less power. On the maiden flight and second flight of V 1.0, SpaceX included basic recovery hardware (parachutes) to try and recover the booster. However, as the boosters broke up on re-entry due to aerodynamic forces both times, SpaceX gave up on parachutes and decided to pursue propulsive landings instead. First came some controlled water landings, then came the attempts on the drone ship "Just Read the Instructions 1". None of these boosters were recovered or survived landing after an orbital launch. Two test devices made several short flights each.
Full Thrust up to Block 4
Falcon 9 Full Thrust (or sometimes called Falcon 9 version 1.2) was the first version of the Falcon 9 to successfully land. Changes included a larger fuel tank, uprated engines and supercooled propellant and oxidizer to increase performance. Five different versions of Full Thrust have been produced, Block 1 to 4 (all retired) are found in this list while the active Block 5 is listed separately. Block 4 was a test version that included new hardware like titanium grid fins later used for the next and final major version of the Falcon 9, Block 5. Flights of all Falcon 9 rockets up to Block 4 were limited to 2 flights only, with a total of 14 second flights of these variants. The boosters were either retired or expended after that second launch.
Since no data is provided, Falcon 9 boosters listed as simply "FT" (Full Thrust) denote Blocks 1 to 3, while Block 4 is listed as "FT Block 4". All boosters are Falcon 9 variants, unless otherwise noted. Boosters B1023 and B1025 were Falcon 9 boosters, which were converted to Falcon Heavy side boosters for the Falcon Heavy test flight.
Block 5
There are three booster types: Falcon 9 (F9), Falcon Heavy core (FH core) boosters, and Falcon Heavy side (FH side) boosters. Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy side boosters are reconfigurable to each other. A Falcon Heavy core booster is manufactured with structural supports for the side boosters and cannot be converted to a Falcon 9 booster or Falcon Heavy side booster. The interstage mounting hardware was changed after B1056. The newer interstage design features fewer pins holding the interstage on, reducing the amount of work needed to convert a Falcon 9 booster to a Falcon Heavy side booster.
Block 5 is the latest iteration of the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy boosters. Changes include a stronger heat shield, upgraded engines, new carbon composite sections (landing legs, engine sections, raceways, RCS thrusters and interstage), retractable landing legs, titanium grid fins, and other additions that simplify refurbishment and allow for easier reusability.
Block 5 boosters were initially certified for 10 launches which was increased to 15. A "deep-dive" examination has been performed on B1058 and B1060 after their 15th flight and in May 2023, it was confirmed that SpaceX was in the process of attempting to certify Falcon 9 boosters for 20 missions.
B1058, first launched on 30 May 2020 (Crew Dragon Demo-2), is the oldest and earliest launched of the active Falcon 9 boosters. On 11 September 2022, during the Starlink 4-2 mission, it became the first to complete fourteen launches and landings to become the fleet leader. With another 3 Starlink missions, Starlink 4-37, Starlink 6-5 & Starlink 6-17, B1058 achieved 15 16 & 17 launches and landings, which makes it the first to do so. Amongst all B5 boosters, it is the booster with most spacecrafts (823) launched to orbit and along with the record for most spacecraft mass launched to orbit by a single booster, that is, of ~.
, SpaceX used a total of 35 new B5 boosters, of which 18 are no longer active (twelve have been expended and six have been lost due to failed landings or being lost during recovery).
means the booster has this logo on it. The logo is not being used in this table to signify that the booster is owned by NASA nor does it signify the booster is exclusively or partly used by NASA.
indicates crewed launch under Commercial Crew Program (CCP). Adjacent logos are mission patches.
Statistics
Booster turnaround time
This chart displays the turnaround time, in months, between two flights of each booster. As of April 2022 the shortest turnaround time was 21 days, for the sixth flight of B1062. Boosters that are still likely to be re-used (active fleet) are highlighted in bold and with an asterisk.
Full Thrust booster flight counts
This chart lists how often boosters were flown. It is limited to the Full Thrust versions as previous versions were never recovered intact. The entries for Block 5 include active boosters that can make additional flights in the future. Blocks 1–3 made 27 flights with 18 boosters (1.5 flights per booster), Block 4 made 12 flights with 7 boosters (1.7 flights per booster). As of , Block 5 made flights with boosters ( flights per booster) with Falcon 9.
Block 5 booster flight status
This chart shows the status of Block 5 boosters that have flown; how often they have flown and whether they are still active, expended (i.e. no attempt was made to recover) or destroyed (i.e. recovery of the booster failed).
Falcon 9 FT booster timeline
This timeline displays all launches of Falcon 9 boosters starting with the first launch of Full Thrust. Active boosters that are expected to make additional flights in the future are marked with an asterisk. Single flights are marked with vertical lines. A short white gap indicates conversion between Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy side formats. For boosters having performed several launches, colored bars indicate the turnaround time for each flight.
Synchronized recoveries of side-boosters
Most Falcon Heavy flights include landing of two side boosters onshore at the same time:
Falcon Heavy test flight
Arabsat-6A
STP-2
USSF-44
USSF-67
Jupiter-3 (EchoStar XXIV)
Psyche
Notable boosters
Booster 0002 Grasshopper
Grasshopper consisted of "a Falcon 9 first-stage tank, a single Merlin-1D engine" with a height of .
Grasshopper began flight testing in September 2012 with a brief, three-second hop, followed by a second hop in November 2012 with an 8-second flight that took the testbed approximately off the ground, and a third flight in December 2012 of 29 seconds duration, with extended hover under rocket engine power, in which it ascended to an altitude of before descending under rocket power to come to a successful vertical landing. Grasshopper made its eighth, and final, test flight on 7 October 2013, flying to an altitude of before making its eighth successful vertical landing. Grasshopper is retired.
Booster 1019
Falcon 9 B1019 was the first Full Thrust booster, and was first launched on 22 December 2015 for Falcon 9 flight 20 and landed on the Landing Zone 1 (LZ-1). It became the first orbital-class rocket booster to perform a successful return to launch site and vertical landing.
SpaceX decided not to fly the booster again. Rather, the rocket was moved a few miles north, refurbished by SpaceX at the adjacent Kennedy Space Center, to conduct a static fire test. This test aimed to assess the health of the recovered booster and the capability of this rocket design to fly repeatedly in the future. The historic booster is on display outside SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California.
Booster 1021
Falcon 9 B1021 was the first booster to be re-flown and the first to land on a droneship. It was first launched on 8 April 2016 carrying a Dragon spacecraft and Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) on the SpaceX CRS-8 mission and landed on an autonomous spaceport drone ship (ASDS). After recovery, inspections and refurbishing, it was launched again on 30 March 2017 for the SES-10 mission and recovered successfully a second time. This event marks a milestone in SpaceX's drive to develop reusable rockets and reduce launch costs. Following the second flight, SpaceX stated that they plan to retire this booster and donate it to Cape Canaveral for public display. It was later put on public display outside Dish Network's headquarters in Littleton, Colorado in October 2023.
Boosters 1023 and 1025
B1023 became the third orbital-class rocket to land on a droneship after launching Thaicom 8 into a geostationary transfer orbit on 27 May 2016. It was an unusually hard landing that crushed the energy absorbers on at least one of the landing legs, causing the booster to "walk" across the droneship and lean over, but the rocket arrived safely at Port Canaveral. B1025 successfully launched the CRS-9 resupply mission on its maiden flight on 18 July 2016 and landed on LZ-1, being the first after B1019 to do so. The mission carried a new docking adapter to the ISS in preparation for Dragon 2 resupply and Commercial Crew missions, which is specifically designed for autonomous spacecraft.
B1023 and B1025 were assigned the role of side boosters for the Falcon Heavy test flight in 2017, after which they underwent separate static fire tests. The boosters were mated to a newly built Falcon Heavy core, B1033, for the flight. The maiden flight of Falcon Heavy on 6 February 2018 launched SpaceX CEO Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster and a dummy astronaut into a Mars-crossing heliocentric orbit. The boosters successfully separated from the core and performed a synchronized landing on LZ-1 and the adjacent LZ-2. B1023 is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in its Falcon Heavy side booster configuration.
Booster 1046
B1046 was the first Block 5, the final version of the SpaceX Falcon 9. It was first launched on 11 May 2018, carrying Bangabandhu-1, Bangladesh's first geostationary communications satellite. This marked the 54th flight of the Falcon 9 and the first flight of the Falcon 9 Block 5. After completing a successful ascent, B1046 landed on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You. After inspection and refurbishment, B1046 was launched a second time on 7 August 2018, carrying the Telkom-4 (Merah Putih) satellite. The Telkom-4 mission marked the first time an orbital-class rocket booster launched two GTO missions. This was also the first re-flight of a Block 5 booster. Four months after the Telkom-4 mission, B1046 arrived at Vandenberg Air Force Base to support the SSO-A mission. Following delays for additional satellite checks, liftoff occurred from SLC-4E on 3 December 2018. This marked the first time that the same orbital-class booster flew three times. Its fourth and last mission launched a Crew Dragon capsule up to the point of maximum dynamic pressure, where it separated to test its abort system in flight. After separation of Falcon and Dragon, B1046 was compromised by aerodynamic forces.
Booster 1048
B1048 was the third Falcon 9 Block 5 to fly and the second Block 5 booster to re-fly, and the first booster ever to be launched four, then five times. During the last launch, an engine shut down seconds before the planned shutdown, becoming only the second time a Merlin engine failed since the failure during the SpaceX CRS-1 in October 2012. The primary mission was unaffected and the Starlink payload deployed successfully, further confirming the reliability of the rocket due to redundancy of the engines. With reduced thrust, B1048 was unable to sufficiently slow down its descent, and thus was unable to land.
Booster 1049
B1049 was the oldest Falcon 9 booster on active duty until its last flight on Nov 22, 2022, after which this title went to B1052. It was the first to successfully launch and land six, then seven times, and the second to launch and land eight, nine, and then ten times respectively. It launched two commercial payloads, Telstar 18V and the eighth Iridium NEXT batch, and eight internal Starlink batches. B1049 has been seen with its landing legs and grid fins removed indicating that it will be expended on its next flight. The final flight of B1049 was originally thought to be O3b mPower 4-6 but a regrouping of the launches meant that an expendable booster was no longer required. It was then originally planned that B1049's last flight would be the launch of Nilesat-301 however, plans changed and the mission was flown with a recoverable booster (B1062.7). B1049 flew the Eutelsat-10B communications satellite on November 22, 2022. This mission was its last flight.
Booster 1050
B1050 launched for the first time on 5 December 2018. A grid fin malfunction occurred shortly after the entry burn, resulting in the booster performing a controlled landing in the ocean instead of the planned ground pad landing.
No future flights for B1050 were planned, and it was scrapped due to its damage.
Booster 1051
B1051 was the sixth Falcon 9 Block 5 booster built. On its maiden flight on 2 March 2019, it carried a Crew Dragon into orbit on the Demo-1 mission. It then flew its second mission out of Vandenberg AFB launching the Radarsat constellation. It then flew 4 Starlink missions and launched SXM-7, totaling 5 flights in 2020 alone, and becoming the first Falcon 9 to launch a commercial payload on its seventh flight. On 18 December 2021, it flew for a record 11th time. It was the first booster to be used eight, nine, ten, eleven, and twelve times respectively. It flew for the final time on 12 November 2022 for the Intelsat G-31/G-32 mission, and was expended.
Booster 1056
B1056 first launched on 4 May 2019, carrying a Cargo Dragon to the ISS. Because of the failure of the static test fire of Crew Dragon C204's SuperDraco abort engines on LZ-1, it landed on a drone ship instead. It flew three more times. On 17 February 2020, B1056 was planned to perform the 50th orbital-class rocket landing, just 27 days after its previous launch. The booster soft-landed in the Atlantic Ocean and was severely damaged after launching Starlink satellites into orbit, becoming the first flight-proven Block 5 booster to fail landing.
Booster 1058
Falcon 9 B1058 was first launched on 30 May 2020, from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A (Apollo 11 launch site). It carried NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken to the International Space Station. It was the first crewed orbital spaceflight launched from the United States since the final Space Shuttle mission, and the first crewed flight test of Dragon 2. It was the first crewed orbital spaceflight by a private company. The booster is the first and only Falcon 9 booster to feature NASA's worm logo and meatball insignia, which was reintroduced after last being used in 1992. On 11 September 2022, it flew for the 14th time and became the first booster to be recovered 14 times. On 17 December 2022, it was also the first booster to fly and land for the 15th time. On 10 July 2023, it broke the reusability record of flying and landing an orbital-class rocket booster for the 16th time.
Booster 1061
Falcon 9 B1061 first launched Crew-1 to the ISS in November 2020, the first operational flight of Crew Dragon, and landed on a drone ship. It became the first booster to fly crew twice as well as the first reused booster to fly crew as a part of the Crew-2 mission. This first stage went on to complete additional missions. B1061 is the only booster to land on all of SpaceX's different landing zones and drone ships, except LZ-2.
Booster 1062
Falcon 9 B1062 launched Inspiration4 in 2021, operated by SpaceX on behalf of Shift4 Payments CEO Jared Isaacman. The mission launched the Crew Dragon Resilience on 16 September 2021 at 00:02:56 UTC from the Florida Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39A atop a Falcon 9 launch vehicle, placed the Dragon capsule into low Earth orbit, and ended successfully on 18 September 2021 at 23:06:49 UTC, when the Resilience splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean. B1062 holds the record for the fastest booster turnaround time at 21 days and 4 hours between 8 April 2022 (Axiom-1) and 29 April 2022 (Starlink Group 4–16) beating the previous record of 27 days and 6 hours held by B1060. This was the first time a booster had flown twice in the same calendar month. According to the SpaceX webcast of the Starlink Group 4-16 mission, the booster spent just nine days in refurbishment.
Booster 1069
Falcon 9 B1069 launched SpaceX CRS-24 to ISS in December 2021 for NASA. SpaceX achieved the feat of 100 successful orbital rocket booster landings in this mission, coinciding with the sixth anniversary of its first booster landing. The rough seas led to the Octograbber robot not being able to secure the booster to the deck, leading to both the booster, droneship and the Octagrabber robot being heavily damaged in transit. It took months for SpaceX to refurbish B1069, returning into service only on Group 4-23 mission in August 2022.
On its next flight for Eutelsat Hotbird 13F, B1069 included a hosted promotional payload by FIFA, that was a box powered by Starlink containing two Adidas Al Rihla (the Journey) balls, that were to be used in 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. These match balls were launched and brought back by landing on the droneship surviving the stresses of re-entry. Later, they were taken out and shipped back to Qatar for the world cup. This was the first payload on a Falcon 9 booster itself and demonstrated the reusability. The balls' flight by SpaceX was, in part, a promotion for the company's Starlink satellite internet service. An associated website invited World Cup attendees to visit the Starlink office in Doha.
Reuse and recovery records
B1012 featured the first recovery attempt on a droneship on 10 January 2015. The attempt was unsuccessful.
B1019 became the first orbital booster ever to be recovered after a launch. After it landed at LZ-1 on 22 December 2015, it was retired and put on display at SpaceX Headquarters in Hawthorne, California.
B1021 became the first booster ever to land on a droneship. On 8 April 2016, B1021 touched down on Of Course I Still Love You marking SpaceX's second successful landing.
B1021 became the first booster to fly a second time, on F9 Flight 32 when it launched the SES-10 satellite on 30 March 2017. After its second successful landing, it was retired and put on display at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
B1023 and B1025 achieved the first synchronized landings when they touched down together at LZ-1 and LZ-2 respectively after the Falcon Heavy Test Flight on 6 February 2018.
B1046 (the first Block 5 booster) became the first to launch three times, carrying Spaceflight SSO-A on 3 December 2018.
B1048 was the first booster to be recovered four times on 11 November 2019, and the first to perform a fifth flight on 18 March 2020, but the booster was lost during re-entry.
B1049 was the first booster to be recovered five times on 4 June 2020, six times on 18 August 2020, and seven times on 25 November 2020.
B1051 became the first booster to be recovered eight times on 20 January 2021, nine times on 14 March 2021, and ten times on 9 May 2021, achieving one of SpaceX's milestone goals for reuse. It then became the first booster to be recovered eleven times on 18 December 2021 and twelve times on 19 March 2022.
B1060 became the first booster to fly thirteen times on 17 June 2022.
B1062 booster holds the record for fastest turnaround at 21 days. It launched on 8 April and again on 29 April 2022.
B1023 holds the record for the farthest downrange droneship landing from Falcon 9 at 681 km on 27 May 2016 and B1055 holds the record of 1236 km downrange from Falcon Heavy.
B1058 became the first booster to fly fourteen times on 11 September 2022, fifteen times on 17 December 2022, sixteen times on 10 July 2023, and seventeen times on 20 September 2023.
B1069 launched and returned a hosted box containing two FIFA 2022 World Cup Adidas Al Rihla on 15 October 2022 for a sub-orbital flight, the first payload on a Falcon 9 booster.
B1061 became the only booster on 30 December 2022 to land on all of SpaceX's different landing zones and drone ships (except LZ-2 that is located nearby LZ-1).
B1080 became the first booster to land onshore after launching a crewed mission (Ax-2) on 21 May 2023.
See also
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
Lists of spacecraft
:Category:Individual Falcon 9 boosters
Notes
References
External links
Lists of SpaceX booster cores in Reddit and NASASpaceFlight forums
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on 25 Nov 2020 SpaceX successfully launches a Falcon 9 booster for a record seventh time
Falcon 9 booster
Falcon 9 first stage booster rockets
Falcon 9 first stage booster rockets
SpaceX related lists |
William Byrd Hotel is a historic hotel building located in Richmond, Virginia. It was built in 1925, and is an 11-story, Classical Revival style building consisting of a base, shaft and capital. It is a steel frame building clad in limestone, buff brick, and with terra cotta decorative elements. The building is topped by a three-story penthouse with a one-story addition. The hotel ceased operation in the 1980s, and the building was renovated into apartments in 1996. Currently, the William Byrd Apartments are owned by Project: Homes, a regional nonprofit dedicated to providing housing for low-income seniors.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
References
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Neoclassical architecture in Virginia
Hotel buildings completed in 1925
Hotels in Richmond, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Richmond, Virginia |
Marion Davis may refer to:
Marion Keene, known as Marion Davis, British big band singer
Marion Davis Berdecio, born Marion Davis, spy
See also
Marion Davies, American film actress
Marion Davies (figure skater), British figure skater |
The Berința is a right tributary of the river Cavnic in Romania. It flows into the Cavnic at Copalnic-Deal. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Maramureș County |
Mashynobudivnyk Stadium () is a football stadium in Karlivka, Ukraine.
References
External links
Stadium's basic info
Stadium's basic info
Football venues in Poltava Oblast
Sports venues in Poltava Oblast
FC Karlivka |
```c++
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
the Free Software Foundation
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */
// DlgAutTexturize.cpp : implementation file
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "WorldEditor.h"
#include "DlgAutTexturize.h"
#ifdef _DEBUG
#undef new
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CDlgAutTexturize dialog
CDlgAutTexturize::CDlgAutTexturize(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)
: CDialog(CDlgAutTexturize::IDD, pParent)
{
//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CDlgAutTexturize)
m_bExpandEdges = FALSE;
//}}AFX_DATA_INIT
m_pixWidth=1;
m_pixHeight=1;
}
void CDlgAutTexturize::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{
// if dialog is receiving data
if( pDX->m_bSaveAndValidate == FALSE)
{
CWorldEditorDoc* pDoc = theApp.GetActiveDocument();
COLOR colOld=pDoc->m_woWorld.wo_colBackground;
colOld=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender bcg color", colOld);
m_bExpandEdges=TRUE;
m_bExpandEdges=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Auto expand edges", m_bExpandEdges);
m_colBcg.SetColor(colOld);
m_colBcg.SetPickerType( CColoredButton::PT_MFC);
}
CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CDlgAutTexturize)
DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_PRETENDER_TEXTURE_STYLE, m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle);
DDX_Control(pDX, ID_SECTOR_COLOR, m_colBcg);
DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_PRETENDER_TEXTURE_SIZE, m_ctrPretenderTextureSize);
DDX_Check(pDX, IDC_EXPAND_EDGES, m_bExpandEdges);
//}}AFX_DATA_MAP
// if dialog gives data
if( pDX->m_bSaveAndValidate != FALSE)
{
INDEX iSelected=m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.GetCurSel();
if( iSelected==CB_ERR) return;
m_pixWidth=1<<iSelected;
m_pixHeight=1<<iSelected;
COLOR colResult=m_colBcg.GetColor();
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender bcg color", m_colBcg.GetColor());
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender resolution", iSelected);
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Auto expand edges", m_bExpandEdges);
m_iPretenderStyle=m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.GetCurSel();
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender style", m_iPretenderStyle);
}
}
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CDlgAutTexturize, CDialog)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CDlgAutTexturize)
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CDlgAutTexturize message handlers
BOOL CDlgAutTexturize::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.ResetContent();
// add all available frictions
for(INDEX iW=0; iW<10; iW++)
{
CTString strSize;
strSize.PrintF("%dx%d pixels", 1<<iW, 1<<iW);
m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.AddString( CString(strSize));
}
INDEX iSelected=6;
iSelected=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender resolution", iSelected);
m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.SetCurSel(iSelected);
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.ResetContent();
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.AddString( L"Front view only");
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.AddString( L"Cylindrical view (FRBL)");
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.AddString( L"Boxed view (FRBLUD)");
iSelected=1;
iSelected=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender style", iSelected);
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.SetCurSel(iSelected);
return TRUE;
}
``` |
Koryazhma () is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vychegda River east of Kotlas, at the confluence of the Bolshaya Koryazhemka River. Population:
History
In 1535, the Koryazhemsky Nikolaevsky Monastery was founded in the mouth of the Bolshaya Koryazhemka (hence the name). After the 1917 October Revolution the monastery was abolished, and the territories which previously belonged to the monastery were used for agriculture. In 1953, the construction of a big paper mill started, and in 1954 first brickstone houses were built. In 1957, the settlement around the paper mill was officially designated as the urban-type settlement of Koryazhma. The paper mill started operation in 1961. In 1975, the population of Koryazhma was 42 thousands. August 15, 1985, Koryazhma obtained the town rights and became the town of oblast significance.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Koryazhma—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Koryazhma is incorporated as Koryazhma Urban Okrug.
Even though Koryazhma is not a part of Kotlassky District (by which it is geographically surrounded), it serves as the administrative center of Koryazhemsky Selsoviet, one of the twelve selsoviets into which that district is divided.
Economy
Industry
Koryazhma is home of the Koryazhma Branch of the Ilim Group company, the largest chemical pulp and paper mills in Europe (previously Kotlas Pulp and Paper Mill).
Transportation
The Vychegda in Koryazhma is navigable, and in summer there is regular passenger navigation connecting Kotlas and Soyga (located approximately halfway between Koryazhma and Yarensk).
There is a railway station (Nizovka) on the line connecting Kotlas and Vorkuta.
Koryazhma is located on the road connecting Kotlas and Syktyvkar (via Shiroky Priluk). This portion of the road is paved. There is regular passenger bus traffic from Koryazhma to Kotlas, Veliky Ustyug, and Syktyvkar.
Culture and recreation
The only collection of historical buildings in Koryazhma is in the Koryazhemsky Nikolaevsky Monastery. The Church of the Holy Mandylion originates from 1746 and is one of the oldest stone churches in Arkhangelsk Oblast, and the Church of Saint Longin of Koryazhma, consecrated to the founder of the monastery, was built between 1907 and 1912. There is also the House of the Hegumen which forms a single ensemble with the Church of Saint Longin of Koryazhma. All these buildings are protected as cultural heritage of local importance. The Annunciation Cathedral, the oldest stone building of the monastery (1665), and the bell-tower, were demolished in 1933.
Sports
The local association football team is FC Khimik Koryazhma.
There is also a bandy team, Vychegda.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Cities and towns in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Populated places established in 1535
1535 establishments in Europe
16th-century establishments in Russia |
William II (: died 1066/1070) was the Count of Besalú from 1052 until his death, co-reigning for a time with his brother, Bernard II. He is described as having an "angry and violent character", a "notoriously irascible" man. According to the twelfth-century Deeds of the Counts of Barcelona, he was nicknamed Trunnus (Catalan el Tro) because he wore a false nose, having presumably lost his nose in battle.
William was the eldest son and successor of William I "the Fat" and Adelaide. He married Stephanie, daughter of Count Geoffrey I of Provence. He had a son, Bernard III, and a daughter, Stephanie, who married Count Roger II of Foix.
William's reign was characterised by conflict with the church. He had to cede Bàscara to the bishopric of Girona. He associated his brother Bernard II, later his successor, with him as co-count. He was assassinated sometime between 1066 and 1070, and suspicion fell on his brother, who nonetheless succeeded to the county unopposed.
Relations with Barcelona
Between 1054 and 1057, William formed an important alliance with Count Raymond Berengar I of Barcelona. This was probably initiated by Raymond, who was in a conflict with his influential grandmother, Ermessenda, and need allies.
On 11 September 1054, William attended a placitum (public court) in Barcelona. There he commended himself and swore an oath of fealty to Raymond, becoming his vassal for Besalú. This was supplemented by a written convention (convenientia) and three ancillary charters, in which William promised aid to Raymond and turned over the double castle of Finestres and the castle of Colltort, which had been granted to William's father by Raymond's father, Berengar Raymond I. William also promised that if he was wronged by anyone from the Raymond's counties of Barcelona, Girona or Osona, he would not take revenge, but would submit a complaint to Raymond and give him three months to obtain a judicial resolution. For this agreement to respect the peace of Raymond's counties, William pledged the castle of Finestres and La Guàrdia, with the castellans of the two castles standing as sureties to the agreement.
To seal the new alliance between Besalú and Barcelona, William agreed to marry Raymond Berengar's sister-in-law, Llúcia, daughter of Count Bernard I of La Marche. On 11 December 1054, William signed a scriptura dotis, a charter granting a dower to Llúcia. In accordance with the Liber iudiciorum, the Visigothic law still in effect in Catalonia, he granted Llúcia one tenth of all his possessions. That same day he also made what he called a scriptura donationis causa sponsalitii, a donation on the occasion of his betrothal, granting Llúcia the counties of Berga and Ripoll and all that pertained to them. This marriage never came to fruition.
In 1057, William and Raymond came to another agreement. This time William placed the castle of Colltort in pledge.
Notes
Sources
Counts of Besalú
1060s deaths
Year of birth unknown
11th-century Catalan people |
```c
/* $OpenBSD: s_catanh.c,v 1.7 2016/09/12 19:47:02 guenther Exp $ */
/*
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
/* catanh
*
* Complex inverse hyperbolic tangent
*
*
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* double complex catanh();
* double complex z, w;
*
* w = catanh (z);
*
*
*
* DESCRIPTION:
*
* Inverse tanh, equal to -i catan (iz);
*
* ACCURACY:
*
* Relative error:
* arithmetic domain # trials peak rms
* IEEE -10,+10 30000 2.3e-16 6.2e-17
*
*/
#include <complex.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
double complex
catanh(double complex z)
{
double complex w;
w = -1.0 * I * catan (z * I);
return (w);
}
DEF_STD(catanh);
LDBL_MAYBE_UNUSED_CLONE(catanh);
``` |
```smalltalk
"
A custom transform morph for a morphic based tree
"
Class {
#name : 'MorphTreeTransformMorph',
#superclass : 'TransformMorph',
#category : 'Morphic-Widgets-Tree',
#package : 'Morphic-Widgets-Tree'
}
{ #category : 'submorphs - add/remove' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> addAllMorphs: aCollection after: anotherMorph [
^self privateAddAllMorphs: aCollection
atIndex: (anotherMorph index ifNil: [submorphs size])
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> bottomVisibleRowForCanvas: aCanvas [
"return the bottom visible row in aCanvas's clip rectangle"
^ self rowAtLocation: (aCanvas clipRect bottomRight)
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> bottomVisibleRowForCanvas: aCanvas startingAt: aPos [
"return the bottom visible row in aCanvas's clip rectangle"
^ self rowAtLocation: (aCanvas clipRect bottomRight) startingAt: aPos
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> drawRawColorOn: aCanvas forSubmorph: aSubMorph [
| frame |
frame := (aSubMorph fullBounds withWidth: owner scroller innerBounds width) translateBy: owner scroller offset x @ 0.
aSubMorph = owner listManager searchedElement ifTrue: [
aCanvas fillRectangle: frame color: owner secondarySelectionColor.
^ self ].
owner listManager isCheckList
ifTrue: [
aSubMorph = owner listManager lastClickedMorph ifTrue: [
aCanvas fillRectangle: frame color: owner selectionColorToUse.
^ self ] ]
ifFalse: [
aSubMorph selected ifTrue: [
aCanvas fillRectangle: frame color: owner selectionColorToUse.
^ self ] ].
aSubMorph color ifNotNil: [ :subMorphColor |
subMorphColor isColor
ifTrue: [
aCanvas
frameAndFillRectangle: frame
fillColor: subMorphColor
borderWidth: 0
borderColor: Color transparent ]
ifFalse: [
subMorphColor origin: aSubMorph bounds topLeft.
subMorphColor direction: aSubMorph bounds width @ 0.
aCanvas fillRectangle: frame basicFillStyle: subMorphColor ] ]
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> drawSubmorphsOn: aCanvas [
submorphs ifEmpty: [^ self].
aCanvas transformBy: transform
clippingTo: (aCanvas clipRect intersect: (owner clippingBounds) ifNone: ["we're done here" ^ self ])
during: [:myCanvas | | top bottom |
top := self topVisibleRowForCanvas: myCanvas.
bottom := self bottomVisibleRowForCanvas: myCanvas startingAt: top.
bottom
to: top
by: -1
do: [:row | | m |
m := submorphs basicAt: row.
self drawRawColorOn: myCanvas forSubmorph: m.
myCanvas fullDrawMorph: m] ]
smoothing: smoothing.
owner withTreeLines ifTrue: [owner drawLinesOn: aCanvas].
owner enabled ifFalse: [ aCanvas fillRectangle: owner innerBounds fillStyle: (owner paneColor alpha: 0.2) ]
]
{ #category : 'geometry' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> fullBounds [
"Overridden to clip submorph hit detection to my bounds."
"It might be better to override doLayoutIn:, and remove this method"
fullBounds ifNotNil:[^ fullBounds].
fullBounds := bounds.
^ fullBounds
]
{ #category : 'initialization' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> initialize [
super initialize.
self smoothingOn
]
{ #category : 'layout' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> localSubmorphBounds [
"Answer, in my coordinate system, the bounds of all my visible submorphs (or nil if no visible submorphs)"
localBounds ifNil: [
self hasSubmorphs ifFalse: [^ nil].
localBounds := self firstSubmorph fullBounds topLeft corner: owner maxNodeWidth @ (self lastSubmorph fullBounds bottom + owner extraScrollRange)].
^ localBounds
]
{ #category : 'private' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> privateAddAllMorphs: aCollection atIndex: index [
"Private. Add aCollection of morphs to the receiver"
submorphs := Array
new: submorphs size + aCollection size
streamContents: [:str |
1 to: index do: [:p | str nextPut: (submorphs atWrap: p)].
str nextPutAll: aCollection.
index + 1 to: submorphs size do: [:p | str nextPut: (submorphs atWrap: p)]].
aCollection do: [:m |
m fullBounds.
m privateOwner: self].
self layoutChanged
]
{ #category : 'change reporting' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> privateInvalidateMorph: aMorph [
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> rowAtLocation: aPoint [
"return the number of the row at aPoint"
| y |
y := aPoint y.
submorphs ifEmpty: [^ nil].
submorphs doWithIndex: [:m :idx | m topLeft y >= y ifTrue: [^ (idx - 1) max: 1]].
^ submorphs size
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> rowAtLocation: aPoint startingAt: aPosition [
"return the number of the row at aPoint"
| y |
y := aPoint y.
submorphs ifEmpty: [^ nil].
aPosition to: submorphs size do: [ :idx | | m |
m := submorphs basicAt: idx.
m topLeft y >= y ifTrue: [^ (idx - 1) max: 1]].
^ submorphs size
]
{ #category : 'layout' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> submorphBounds [
"Private. Compute the actual full bounds of the receiver, optimized for speed"
self hasSubmorphs ifFalse: [^ nil].
^ self firstSubmorph topLeft corner: owner scroller bounds bottomLeft + (0@ owner extraScrollRange)
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> topVisibleRowForCanvas: aCanvas [
"return the top visible row in aCanvas's clip rectangle"
^ self rowAtLocation: (aCanvas clipRect topLeft)
]
{ #category : 'drawing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> topVisibleRowForCanvas: aCanvas startingAt: aPos [
"return the top visible row in aCanvas's clip rectangle"
^ self rowAtLocation: (aCanvas clipRect topLeft) startingAt: aPos
]
{ #category : 'testing' }
MorphTreeTransformMorph >> wantsSteps [
^ false
]
``` |
The afroalpine vlei rat (Otomys orestes) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found in the high moorlands of Kenya.
Taxonomy
In Musser and Carleton (2005), this species included a number of subspecies.
Otomys thomasi (Thomas's vlei rat), which was initially described as a species by Osgood in 1910, was included under O. orestes in their work, alongside. However, Taylor et al. (2011) found that O. thomasi, O. zinki (Mount Kilimanjaro vlei rat) and others subspecies were distinct from O. orestes.
References
Taylor, P. & Maree, S. 2004. Otomys orestes. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 9 July 2007.
Endemic fauna of Kenya
Otomys
Mammals described in 1900
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 33 in B-flat major, Perger 24, Sherman 33, MH 425/652, was mostly written in Salzburg in 1786. Eight years after he stopped writing symphonies, Haydn re-examined this work and decided to add a Minuet to it. The Minuet is listed in the Sherman & Donley catalog as MH 652, with a cross-reference from MH 425.
Scored for 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani and strings, in four movements:
Vivace
Adagietto cantabile, in F major
Minuet and Trio (1797)
Presto mà non troppo
References
A. Delarte, "A Quick Overview Of The Instrumental Music Of Michael Haydn" Bob's Poetry Magazine November 2006: 28 PDF
Charles H. Sherman and T. Donley Thomas, Johann Michael Haydn (1737 - 1806), a chronological thematic catalogue of his works. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press (1993)
C. Sherman, "Johann Michael Haydn" in The Symphony: Salzburg, Part 2 London: Garland Publishing (1982): lxviii
Symphony 33
Compositions in B-flat major
1786 compositions |
Jacob Israel Mabena (born 21 May 1959) is a South African politician, businessman and former trade unionist who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature and Mpumalanga Executive Council until 2005, when he was fired from the Executive Council by Premier Thabang Makwetla. He is also a former president of the Chemical, Energy, Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union and a former provincial secretary of the Congress of South African Trade Unions in the Eastern Transvaal.
Political career
In the 1990s, Mabena was a regional leader in the African National Congress (ANC) and the allied Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu). He was provincial general secretary of Cosatu in the Eastern Transvaal from 1990 to 1992. After the end of apartheid in 1994, he joined the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature and Mpumalanga Executive Council.
He was appointed to his final government office shortly after the 2004 general election on 3 May 2004, when Premier Thabang Makwetla named him as Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Economic Development and Planning. He remained in that office until 17 January 2005, when Makwetla announced that he had fired Mabena and replaced him with William Lubisi. Mabena said that he had heard about his dismissal in the media and had not been given an explanation for Makwetla's decision. Although Mabena was entitled to serve the remainder of the legislative term as an ordinary Member of the Provincial Legislature, he resigned from politics later in 2005.
However, he remained active in the Chemical, Energy, Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union (Ceppwawu), a Cosatu affiliate. He was Ceppwawu's president at the time of his dismissal from the Executive Council and he was re-elected to that position in August 2008, although his term in office was marred by divisions between himself and Ceppwawu deputy general secretary Thabani Mdlalose. He also launched a wind turbine manufacturing company company, Adventure Power, based in Centurion.
References
Living people
African National Congress politicians
Members of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature
South African trade union leaders
20th-century South African politicians
21st-century South African politicians
South African businesspeople
1959 births |
Tarkhanovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Denisovskoye Rural Settlement, Gorokhovetsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2010.
Geography
Tarkhanovo is located 29 km west of Gorokhovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krutovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Gorokhovetsky District |
Results
Division A
Final standings
Southern League Cup
Group Section 1
Section 1 final table
Knockout stage
Victory Cup
Squad
Unofficial Appearances & Goals
References
AFC Heritage Trust
Aberdeen F.C. seasons
Aber |
Marc Chapon (born 17 October 1944) is a French field hockey player. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1944 births
Living people
French male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for France
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Somme (department) |
Phil Hindson is a Scottish soccer coach and former player.
Playing career
Hindson began his professional playing career with Arbroath. He made one appearance in the Scottish Football League during the 1993–94 season. He then moved to William Carey University in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, where he played for four years, earning All-America honors in 1995. In 2007, Hindson was selected to Carey's Wall of Fame. While at Carey, he played for two USISL Premier League teams, the Nashville Metros in 1995 and 1996, and the Cocoa Expos in 1996 and 1997. He finished his playing career in 1998 with the Pensacola Flyers of the Eastern Indoor Soccer League.
Coaching career
Hindson was assistant coach of the Winthrop Eagles from 2000 until 2003. During this time, the Eagles won the 2002 Big South Conference championship and participated in the 2002 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship, the first tournament appearance for the school. In 2004, he moved to the Clemson Tigers. The Tigers reached the Final Four of the 2005 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship during his stint as assistant coach. For the 2009 season, Hindson was promoted to interim head coach when Trevor Adair stepped down. As head coach, Hindson led Clemson to a 6–12–1 record and a 9th-place finish in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
In 2010, Hindson was hired as the head coach of the Division II UNC Pembroke Braves. Hindson left UNC Pembroke in 2016 to become the head coach of the Winthrop Eagles.
In 2020, Hindson left Winthrop to work in the North Carolina youth soccer system.
References
Footballers from Perth, Scotland
Scottish men's footballers
Arbroath F.C. players
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Nashville Metros players
Cocoa Expos players
Pensacola Flyers (EISL) players
Winthrop Eagles men's soccer coaches
Clemson Tigers men's soccer coaches
UNC Pembroke Braves men's soccer coaches
Scottish Football League players
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Scottish football managers
Scottish expatriate football managers
Expatriate soccer coaches in the United States
William Carey University alumni
College men's soccer players in the United States |
Armond J. "Arnie" Ball (born November 12, 1944) is a retired American volleyball coach best known for his 35 seasons as head coach of the men's volleyball team at Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), now known as the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons. He ended his career in 2015 with a total of 570 wins as coach of the IPFW men, and also won 230 games as head coach of the IPFW women's team in the 1980s.
When not on the court actively coaching a competition, Ball operates Team Pineapple, a volleyball clinic that also features his son, Olympic gold medalist Lloy Ball.
Coach Ball and his wife, Sandy, have three children, Lloy, Amy and Jana. They have nine grandchildren, Dyer, Jamison, Caden, Mya, Peyton, Callaway, Alexsandra, Wynn and Kyan.
High school coaching career
Following a successful player career at Ball State, Coach Ball became a high school gym teacher. One of his first positions was at New Haven High School, a part of the East Allen County Schools system. In 1973, Ball moved to Paul Harding High School when EACS opened this new high school. He began his coaching career as Harding's first head baseball coach, and he also founded the school's volleyball program as a non-sanctioned club sport. He led the Hawks to three Indiana Volleyball Coaches Association Championships. In 1978, Ball began coaching at the collegiate level when he introduced volleyball to IPFW. In 1981, Ball made the full-time move to IPFW, taking the helm of both the men's and women's volleyball programs.
IPFW
During Ball's tenure at IPFW, the Mastodons men's team made a significant impact on a sport traditionally dominated by West Coast schools. His resume includes six trips to the NCAA Final Four, seven MIVA Championships and rosters dotted with All-Conference, All-American and U.S. Olympic team selections.
IPFW's best national finish under Ball came in 2007, as the 'Dons took home a National Runner-Up trophy, falling 3–1 to UC-Irvine in Columbus, Ohio. For the storied season, Ball was named both the AVCA Division I-II National Coach of the Year and Asics/Volleyball Magazine Coach of the Year.
In addition to the Runner-Up season, Ball has led teams to fourth-place finishes in 1992 and 1994 and third-place finishes in 1991, 1996 and 2006. Fifteen players have been named AVCA All-American, six have been honored as the MIVA Player of the Year and two have gone on to play in the Olympics.
At the helm of the women's team, IPFW captured four Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) championships and earned bids in the NCAA Division II Tournament in 1987 and 1988. He wrapped his eight-year women's team tenure with an overall record of 231–102 (.693).
Despite the national and international travels that Ball has enjoyed in the sport, his local focus has always remained a stronghold in the Fort Wayne community. In 2005, Ball was presented with the prestigious Hilliard Gates Achievement Award for his lifetime accomplishments and contributions to the sporting community of Fort Wayne.
Ball's service to IPFW extends beyond the volleyball court sidelines. Ball served as the school's Athletic Director from 1988 to 1995.
National and international activities
During his coaching career, Ball has enjoyed several appointments to US Volleyball coaching staffs:
In 1983, Ball served as head coach of the North squad at the National Sports Festival in Colorado Springs, Colo.
In 1985, Ball served as an assistant coach for the World University Games US men's team in Kobe, Japan
In 1987, 1993 and 1994, Ball took the helm of squads in the Olympic Festival. His 1994 team captured a gold in St. Louis.
In 1988, Ball was the director of the USVBA Junior Elite Camp in Boulder, Colo.
In 1993, USA Volleyball appointed Ball as the head coach of the U.S. Team in the World University games. Ball rallied the young team to a 3rd place (bronze) finish after a number of impressive wins, including a five-set victory over France.
In 2000, Ball had the prestigious honor of serving as a scout for the U.S. National Team, selecting the team for the Olympic Games held in Sydney, Australia.
Notable achievements
NCAA National Championship Match (2007)
NCAA Final Four – 3rd place (2006, 1996, 1991)
NCAA Final Four – 4th place (1994, 1992)
Awards and honors
Inducted into AVCA Hall of Fame (2012)
Dick Lugar Health and Fitness Award (2008)
AVCA Division I-II National Coach of the Year (2007)
Asics/Volleyball Magazine Coach of the Year (2007)
Red coat recipient, Mad Anthonys (2007)
Inducted into Purdue Fort Wayne Athletics Hall of Fame (2006, the inaugural class of the institution then known as the IPFW Athletics Hall of Fame)
Hillard Gates Achievement Award (2005)
Coaching record
– Conference member Lewis had all wins vacated for seasons 2001, 2002, and 2003. The records included above reflect the actual outcome of matches with Lewis for those years. If the vacated matches were reflected as IPFW wins, then the IPFW conference record for those years would be 10–6, 7–9, and 12–4, respectively.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20100410080913/http://www.gomastodons.com/sports/m-volley/mtt/ball_arnie00.html
http://bulletin.ipfw.edu/content.php?catoid=8&navoid=253
http://universiade.daegu.go.kr/jpn/games/comm/FOfficialInfo.asp?ad_no=5700704
https://web.archive.org/web/20100502100216/http://www.gomastodons.com/sports/m-volley/ipfw-m-volley-body.html
http://www.mivavolleyball.com/information/standings/2000_standings
http://www.glvcsports.com/index.aspx?tab=volleyball&path=vball
American volleyball coaches
Living people
1944 births
Ball State Cardinals men's volleyball players
Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons athletic directors
Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons men's volleyball coaches
Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons women's volleyball coaches
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Trans Executive Airlines of Hawaii is an American airline headquartered at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii, operating cargo flights under the name Transair and passenger air charter and tour flights under the name Transair Global. The airline was started in 1982 by Teimour Riahi. As of 2019, the airline operated a fleet of six Boeing 737-200 (five cargo configuration, one VIP passenger configuration) and four Short 360 aircraft.
According to the airline's website, "The all-cargo B-737 aircraft are operated by Rhoades Aviation,Inc. d.b.a. Transair, and the all-cargo SD3-60-300 are operated by Trans Executive Airlines of Hawaii, Inc. d.b.a. Transair Express."
On July 2, 2021, after but unrelated to the Flight 810 incident, the Rhoades Aviation Inc. division was grounded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) due to maintenance and safety deficiencies. This idled their one remaining operational 737-200 jet, but did not affect operations of the Transair Express turboprops. On May 25, 2022, citing numerous safety violations found during its investigation of Flight 810, the FAA announced that it is revoking Rhoades' air operator's certificate. Among the cited violations were 33 flights undertaken with engines that were not airworthy. Rhoades was given until June 8 to appeal the agency's decision.
Destinations
Hilo (Hilo International Airport)
Honolulu (Daniel K. Inouye International Airport), hub
Kahului (Kahului Airport)
Kona (Kona International Airport)
Lihue (Lihue Airport)
Kamuela, Hawaii (Waimea-Kohala Airport)
Molokai (Molokai Airport)
Lanai (Lanai Airport)
Fleet
Incidents
In the early morning hours of July 2, 2021, Transair Flight 810, a Boeing 737-200 cargo aircraft, experienced an engine failure shortly after taking off from Honolulu's Daniel K. Inouye International Airport en route to the neighboring Hawaiian island of Maui. The crew were attempting to return to Honolulu when the plane's other engine overheated, forcing them to ditch about south of Oahu. Both pilots were rescued by the United States Coast Guard. The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board initiated actions to conduct an accident investigation.
On July 16, the FAA revoked the maintenance inspection authority of Rhoades Aviation, the certificate holder that operates the 737-200 aircraft, based on findings from an ongoing investigation of its operation that began in 2020.
On January 29, 1996, at 0435 hours Hawaiian standard time, a Cessna 402B, N999CR, collided with gradually rising terrain while on takeoff from the Waimea-Kohala Airport in Kamuela, Hawaii. The aircraft was destroyed. The certificated airline transport pilot sustained fatal injuries, and two onboard cargo loaders received serious injuries. The aircraft was being operated as a contract mail flight by Trans Executive Airlines of Hawaii under 14 CFR Part 135 when the accident occurred. The flight originated in Honolulu, Hawaii, at 0200. The flight departed Kamuela on the return leg of the flight at 0430.
See also
List of airlines in Hawaii
References
External links
Interisland Airways
Airlines established in 1982
Airlines based in Hawaii
American companies established in 1982
Cargo airlines of the United States
Charter airlines of the United States
Companies based in Honolulu
1982 establishments in Hawaii |
Pau Duran (Esparreguera, 31 December 1582 - Areny de Noguera, 18 February 1651) was a bishop of Urgell and co-prince of Andorra.
He studied at the University of Huesca, obtained a bachelor's degree in law in 1602 and a degree in 1603. In 1612 he published his first legal work in Mallorca. In January 1626 he had been appointed Archdeacon of the Canons of the Cathedral of Barcelona. During the wars with France he fled his cathedral during a riot of the local population. The governor capitulated and the bishop Duran was implicated. He was expelled from his bishopric.
References
Bishops of Urgell
17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Spain
1582 births
1651 deaths |
Ageiton is a monotypic genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae. It is endemic to the Afrotropics, where it is widespread. The only species, Ageiton ater is black with short silver hairs (setae). It is similar to the three species of Cardopomyia, which are found in Madagascar.
References
Stratiomyidae
Monotypic Brachycera genera
Taxa named by Kálmán Kertész
Diptera of Africa |
The Colclesser Bridge, over the Niobrara River about 11 miles south of Rushville, Nebraska, is a bridge erected at its current location in 1933. Its span was one of four 248 foot spans in the Columbus Loup River Bridge, that was built in 1888, and that carried the Lincoln and Meridian Highways over the Loup River. It was replaced in 1933, and the span was stored apparently, Because flooding in August 1933 destroyed numerous bridges in Sheridan County, it was purchased and erected for cost of $6,211, less four panels so its current span is 166 feet.
It is a Baltimore through truss bridge that was built originally by the King Iron Bridge & Manufacturing Co. and the George E. King Bridge Co., both of Cleveland, Ohio. It has also been known as Rath Bridge and as Niobrara River Bridge, and it has been designated NEHBS No. SH00-42. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
References
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
Bridges completed in 1888
Buildings and structures in Sheridan County, Nebraska
National Register of Historic Places in Sheridan County, Nebraska
Pratt truss bridges in the United States |
Year 278 (CCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Probus and Lupus (or, less frequently, year 1031 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 278 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
Emperor Probus defeats the Alamanni, advancing through the Neckar Valley. He expels the Franks from Gaul, and reorganizes the Roman defenses on the Rhine.
Probus resettles the Germanic tribes in the devastated provinces of the Roman Empire. He adopts the titles of Gothicus Maximus and Germanicus Maximus.
Piracy along the coast of Lycia et Pamphylia: The Romans besiege the city of Cremna (Pisidia) and kill the Isaurian robber Lydius.
Births
Sima Yu, Chinese crown prince of the Jin Dynasty (d. 300)
Deaths
December 27 – Yang Hu (or Shuzi), Chinese general and politician (b. 221)
Cao Yu (or Pengzu), Chinese prince of the Cao Wei state (b. 211)
Fu Xuan (or Xiuyi), Chinese historian, poet and politician (b. 217)
Xi Zheng (or Lingxian), Chinese essayist, poet and politician
Yang Huiyu, Chinese empress of the Jin Dynasty (b. 214)
References |
Jordans is a British manufacturer of breakfast cereals and cereal bars. It is part of Jordans Dorset Ryvita, a subsidiary of Associated British Foods, that also encompasses Dorset Cereals and Ryvita crispbreads.
History
In 1855, farmer William Herbert Jordan bought Holme Mills in Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, England. The mills produced flour until 1970. In 1972 the mill owners, brothers Bill and David Jordan, founded Jordans Cereals to produce granola, which they had discovered in California.
Their initial product was granola. In 1981, Jordans began production of a granola bar.
From 2002 to 2006 Jordans and Yeo Valley Organic backed the Organic and Natural Food Company, a startup that produced 'Green Machine' vending machines in UK schools that offered healthy foods to pupils and staff.
In April 2003, the company won a Queen's Awards for Enterprise.
Bill Jordan became an MBE in the 2005 New Year Honours for services to the food and drink indistries.
In September 2007, 20% of the company was sold to Associated British Foods, followed by a further 42% in June 2008, becoming fully owned by ABF by 2013.
Conservation efforts
The company campaigns against the rapid decline in the bee population. Its Big Buzz campaign was launched in May 2009 in collaboration with the British Beekeepers' Association and the Bumblebee Conservation Trust.
Market share
Jordans is the UK's fourth largest cereals manufacturer after Kelloggs, Nestlé and Weetabix.
Jordans belongs to the Association of Cereal Food Manufacturers, which is a member of the European Breakfast Cereal Association.
References
External links
Jordans Cereals website
Jordans Big Buzz
Breakfast cereal companies
Companies based in Bedfordshire
Food and drink companies established in 1855
Cereal bars
Organic farming organizations
British brands
Food manufacturers of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1855 |
San Francesco may refer to:
San Francesco d'Assisi ( 1182–1226), Italian Catholic friar, deacon, philosopher, mystic, and preacher
San Francesco al Campo, a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy
Churches in Italy
San Francesco, Acquasparta, Umbria
San Francesco, Acqui Terme, Piedmont
San Francesco, Andria, Apulia
San Francesco, Atri, Abruzzo
San Francesco, Barga, Tuscany
San Francesco, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna
San Francesco, Cagli, Marche
San Francesco, Canicattì, Sicily
San Francesco, Cingoli, Marche
San Francesco, Civitanova Marche, Marche
San Francesco, Deruta, Umbria
San Francesco, Fanano, Emilia-Romagna
San Francesco, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna
San Francesco, Fidenza, Emilia-Romagna
San Francesco, Grosseto, Tuscany
San Francesco, Gubbio, Tuscany
San Francesco, Larino, Molise
San Francesco, Lucca, Tuscany
San Francesco, Matelica, Marche
San Francesco, Mondavio, Marche
San Francesco, Montefalco, Umbria
San Francesco, Modena, Emilia-Romagna
San Francesco, Mantua, Lombardy
San Francesco, Narni, Umbria
San Francesco, Rieti, Lazio
San Francesco, Sarzana, Liguria
San Francesco, Treia, Marche
San Francesco, Orvieto, Umbria
San Francesco, Pescia, Tuscany
San Francesco, Pienza, Tuscany
San Francesco, Pievebovigliana, Marche
San Francesco, Pioraco, Marche
San Francesco, Prato, Tuscany
San Francesco, Vetralla, Lazio
San Francesco, Viterbo, Lazio
San Francesco, Urbania, Marche
See also
Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, a church in Assisi, Umbria, Italy
Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine
St. Francis (disambiguation) |
The 2023 NCAA Division II Men's Lacrosse tournament was the 38th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division II men's college lacrosse.
The championship game was played on May 28, 2023, at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. All other games were played at the campus of the higher-seeded team in the matchup.
Lenoir-Rhyne defeated Mercyhurst in the final, 20–5, to win their first national championship.
Qualification
All Division II men's lacrosse programs were eligible for invitation into the tournament. Unlike the Division I and Division III tournaments, there are no automatic-qualifiers for winning their conference, and each of the 12 teams are selected via committee invitation with six teams from the North region and six from the South region.
Bracket
Boxscores
National Championship
References
NCAA Division II Men's Lacrosse Championship
NCAA Division II Men's Lacrosse Championship |
The National Hindu Students' Forum (NHSF (UK)) is a network of Hindu societies operating on university and further education campuses in the United Kingdom. The NHSF (UK) was started in 1991 from a stall at a Hindu marathon, but now operates in around 50 different institutions around the United Kingdom. The NHSF has been described by historian Edward Anderson as having ties to the Sangh Parivar, a group of Hindu nationalist organisations in India such as the RSS and the BJP. In early years the NHSF had the same address as the HSS, a UK charity, per Manoj Ladwa, the then HSS spokesman. Ladwa later served as a senior advisor to Narendra Modi during his successful Indian election campaign of 2014. Although the HSS is considered to be inspired by the RSS, a UK charity commission inquiry in 2016 found no formal links between the two.
References
External links
NHSF (UK) website
Educational organisations based in the United Kingdom
Religious charities based in the United Kingdom
Hindu organisations based in the United Kingdom
1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
Religious organizations established in 1991 |
National Alliance Party can refer to one of the following political parties:
National Alliance Party (Papua New Guinea)
National Alliance Party (Chinese-Canadian) |
Gerold is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Gerold Bührer (born 1948), Swiss politician and member of the National Council (1991–2007)
Gerold of Cologne (1201–1251), martyr and saint
Gerold Löffler (born 1967), Swiss bobsledder who has competed in the early 1990s
Gerold Schwarzenbach (1904–1978), Swiss chemist
Gerold Späth (born 1939), Swiss poet and writer
Gerold of Vinzgouw (c. 730 – 784/786 or 795) was a count in Kraichgau and Anglachgau
Gerold, Prefect of Bavaria (died 799), Margrave of the Avarian March and Prefect of Bavaria
See also
Sankt Gerold, municipality in the district of Bludenz in Vorarlberg, Austria |
Eucereon striata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1889. It is found in Mexico, Costa Rica and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
References
striata
Moths described in 1889 |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1664 was adopted unanimously on March 29, 2006; after recalling resolutions 1595 (2005), 1636 (2005) and 1644 (2005), the Council requested the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to consult with the Lebanese government concerning the establishment of an international tribunal to try those responsible for the assassination of Prime Minister Rafic Hariri and 22 others in February 2005.
The adoption of Resolution 1664 marked the Council's commitment to establish the first tribunal try a crime labelled as "terrorism" by the United Nations.
Resolution
Observations
In the preamble of the resolution, the Council was aware of the demands of the Lebanese people that those responsible for the killing be brought to justice, and the Lebanese government had requested the establishment of an international tribunal to try those responsible. The Security Council expressed its willingness to continue to assist Lebanon in the search for those responsible for the attack.
Acts
Requesting the Secretary-General and Lebanese government to consult regarding an international tribunal, Council members recognised that adopting a legal framework for the tribunal would not prejudice the phasing-in of its components nor predetermine the timing of the start of its operations. The Secretary-General was required to report on the progress of the negotiations, including options for funding.
See also
Assassination of Rafic Hariri
FitzGerald Report
Lebanon–Syria relations
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1601 to 1700 (2005–2006)
Mehlis Report
Special Tribunal for Lebanon
United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1664
2006 in Lebanon
2006 in Syria
1664
1664
March 2006 events |
The Winterthur–Bülach–Koblenz railway is a railway line in Switzerland. It links the city of Winterthur in the canton of Zurich with the municipality of Koblenz in the canton of Aargau. The line was opened in August 1876, by the Swiss Northeastern Railway (NOB), and is now owned by the Swiss Federal Railways.
Passenger service over the line is provided by the trains of the Zürich S-Bahn. S36 trains operate from (in Germany) to via Koblenz. The S41 operates between Bülach and . The midsection of the line, between Bülach and , also carries the S9 and long-distance passenger trains between Zürich Hauptbahnhof and . On the western end of the line, Aargau S-Bahn S27 trains operate as far east as .
There is also some freight traffic on the line, including through freight between Germany and the Gotthard line over the Bülach to Eglisau section. On the rest of the line, a container terminal is served at Rekingen and a gravel mine at Zweidlen station. In addition there are several trains, principally fuel trains operating to the fuel depot at Glattbrugg station, that route from Basel to Koblenz and then use this route to bypass Zurich.
The line is constructed to standard gauge and is electrified using the Swiss standard of supplied by overhead line. Most of the line is of single track with passing loops, but the busier section between Bülach and Eglisau is double-tracked.
References
External links
Railway lines in Switzerland |
The grammar of the German language is quite similar to that of the other Germanic languages.
Although some features of German grammar, such as the formation of some of the verb forms, resemble those of English, German grammar differs from that of English in that it has, among other things, cases and gender in nouns and a strict verb-second word order in main clauses.
German has retained many of the grammatical distinctions that some Germanic languages have lost in whole or in part. There are three genders and four cases, and verbs are conjugated for person and number. Accordingly, German has more inflections than English, and uses more suffixes. For example, in comparison to the -s added to third-person singular present-tense verbs in English, most German verbs employ four different suffixes for the conjugation of present-tense verbs, namely - for the first-person singular, - for the informal second-person singular, - for the third-person singular and for the informal second-person plural, and - for the first- and third-person plural, as well as for the formal second-person singular/plural.
Owing to the gender and case distinctions, the articles have more possible forms. In addition, some prepositions combine with some of the articles.
Numerals are similar to other Germanic languages. Unlike modern English, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese, units are placed before tens as in Early Modern English, Danish, Dutch, Yiddish and Frisian.
Nouns
Gender
Students of German are often advised to learn German nouns with their accompanying definite article, as the definite article of a German noun corresponds to the gender of the noun. However, the meaning or form, especially the ending, of a noun can be used to recognize 80% of noun genders. For instance, nouns ending in the suffixes , , , or are always feminine.
Case
Articles
Adjectives
Declension of adjectives
Pronouns
Adverbial phrases
Verbs
Separable verbs
Prepositions
Prepositions are designed to give some direction, location, intensity, etc. to a sentence. The way such is indicated in German may be different from the way it would be in English.
The following chart shows the cases associated with several prepositions in common usage.
* With the dative in colloquial style and most often with pronouns.
** May take the ("hypercorrect") genitive.
*** As a preposition takes the genitive or a colloquial dative: () "along the way", but as a postposition it takes the accusative with the same meaning: .
"Unusual" prepositions, which exist in vast amounts in bureaucratic style, as a rule take the genitive. The nascent preposition ( "direction", as in , I'm driving in the direction of Munich) takes the accusative.
Modal particles
Sentences
German sentence structure is similar to other Germanic languages in its use of V2 word order.
See also
Standard German phonology
Notes
References
Bibliography
Wietusch, Gudrun (2006). Grundkurs Grammatik. Cornelsen.
Pahlow, Heike (2010). Deutsche Grammatik - einfach, kompakt und übersichtlich. Engelsdorfer Verlag, Leipzig.
External links
Deutsch-ueben tk blog – German Grammar exercises for all levels with explanations in German.
German Grammar – Toms Deutschseite – German grammar explained by a native speaker (in English)
German Grammar Lessons – German grammar lessons along with exercises
Lingolia German Grammar – German Grammar explanations with exercises
German grammar overview German grammar (in English) (+ multiple choice test) explained by a native speaker. |
Bolshakovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Malyginskoye Rural Settlement, Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2010.
Geography
Bolshakovo is located 20 km northwest of Kovrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khvatachevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kovrovsky District |
The Russell 3000 Index is a capitalization-weighted stock market index that seeks to be a benchmark of the entire U.S. stock market. It measures the performance of the 3,000 largest publicly held companies incorporated in America as measured by total market capitalization, and represents approximately 97% of the American public equity market. The index was launched on January 1, 1984, and is maintained by FTSE Russell, a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange Group. The ticker symbol on most systems is ^RUA.
Record values
Annual returns
Investing
The Russell 3000 Index is tracked by several exchange-traded funds, such as the iShares Russell 3000 ETF () and the Vanguard Russell 3000 ETF ().
Ten largest constituents
Apple ()
Microsoft ()
Amazon ()
Alphabet (Class A) ()
Tesla ()
Alphabet (Class C) ()
Meta Platforms ()
Nvidia ()
Berkshire Hathaway ()
UnitedHealth ()
(as of December 31, 2021)
Top sectors by weight
Technology
Consumer Discretionary
Health Care
Industrials
Financials
Consumer Staples
Telecommunications
Real Estate
Utilities
Energy
Basic Materials
(as of September 30, 2020)
See also
S&P 1500
Russell Investments
Russell 2000 Index
Russell 1000 Index
References
External links
Russell Investment Group
Index Construction and Methodology
Yahoo! Finance page for ^RUA
Bloomberg page for RAY:IND
3000_Index
American stock market indices |
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