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Paolo Toth (born 29 December 1941 in Zara, Italy) is an Italian scientist and engineer, and an Emeritus Professor of Operations Research at the University of Bologna.
He is known for his research in operations research and mathematical programming.
He made significant contributions in the areas of vehicle routing, knapsack and other cutting and packing problems, train scheduling, set covering, vertex coloring and, in general, combinatorial optimization.
As of 2023, he published over 170 peer-reviewed articles and was cited more than 10,000 times.
He was President of the Italian Operations Research Society (AIRO) from 1988 to 1995, of the Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO) from 1995 to 1996, and of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) from 2001 to 2003.
Among his PhD students are Andrew H. and Ann R. Tisch Professor Andrea Lodi (Cornell Tech), and Professor Daniele Vigo (University of Bologna).
Education and early career
Toth graduated from the University of Bologna with a degree in Electronic Engineering in 1965.
He was an assistant and associate professor of computer science at the University of Bologna from 1968 to 1980.
From 1980 to 1983 he was a full professor of Automatic Control at the University of Florence, before returning to the University of Bologna as a full professor of combinatorial optimization.
Awards
1998 - EURO Gold Medal from the Association of European Operational Research Societies.
2003 - Honorary Doctorate in Operational Research from the University of Montreal.
2005 - Robert Herman Lifetime Achievement Award from Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.
2012 - IFORS Distinguished Lectures from International Federation of Operational Research Societies.
2016 - INFORMS Elected Fellows from Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.
2019 - EURO Distinguished Service Award from Association of European Operational Research Societies.
Books
He is the co-author, with Silvano Martello, of the book Knapsack problems: Algorithms and Computer implementations (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990) and is also the co-author, with Daniele Vigo, of the book Vehicle Routing: Problems, Methods, and Applications (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2014)
References
External links
Home page
University of Bologna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bologna
1941 births
Living people |
Clive Mantle (born 3 June 1957) is an English actor. He came to prominence for his role as Little John in the 1980s fantasy series Robin of Sherwood; he played the role of Dr Mike Barrett in the BBC hospital drama series Casualty and Holby City in the 1990s.
Television
Filmography
Notes and references
Discographies of British artists
Male actor filmographies
British filmographies |
Pogroms in the Russian Empire () were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that began in the 19th century. Pogroms began to occur after Imperial Russia, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire from 1772 to 1815. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live, and it was within them where the pogroms largely took place. Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of European Russia (including Finland), unless they converted from Judaism or obtained a university diploma or first guild merchant status. Migration to the Caucasus, Siberia, the Far East or Central Asia was not restricted.
1821
The 1821 Odessa pogroms are sometimes considered the first pogroms. After the execution of the Greek Orthodox patriarch, Gregory V, in Constantinople, 14 Jews were killed in response. The initiators of the 1821 pogroms were the local Greeks, who used to have a substantial diaspora in the port cities of what was known as Novorossiya.
1881–1882
The use of the term "pogrom" became common in the English language after a large-scale wave of anti-Jewish riots swept through south-western Imperial Russia (present-day Ukraine and Poland) from 1881 to 1882; when more than 200 anti-Jewish events occurred in the Russian Empire, the most notable of them were pogroms which occurred in Kiev, Warsaw and Odessa. They changed perceptions among Russian Jews and indirectly gave a significant boost to the early Zionist movement.
To circumvent censorship, these pogroms were referred to in the Jewish press as the "Storms in the South" or "Storms in the Negev" (, Sufot BaNegev). The names are a reference to the prophecy in Isaiah 21:1. Variants of the translation of the prophecy: "...As storms in the South pass through, So it comes from the desert, from a terrible land." or: "Like whirlwinds sweeping through the Negev, an invader comes from the desert, from a land of terror", and so on, with "Negev" meaning "South" in Biblical Hebrew and the pogroms in question happening in the south (south-west) of the European part of the Russian Empire.
The event which triggered the pogroms was the assassination of Tsar Alexander II on 13 March [1 March, Old Style], 1881, for which some blamed "agents of foreign influence," implying that Jews committed it. One of the conspirators was of Jewish origins, and the importance of her role in the assassination was greatly exaggerated during the pogroms that followed. Another conspirator was baselessly rumored to be Jewish. The extent to which the Russian press was responsible for encouraging perceptions of the assassination as a Jewish act has been disputed.
Local economic conditions (such as ancestral debts owed to Jewish moneylenders) are thought to have contributed significantly to the rioting, especially with regard to the participation of the business competitors of local Jews and the participation of railroad workers. Russia's industrialization caused Russians to be moving into and out of major cities. People trying to escape the big cities carried their antisemitic values with them, spread the ideas throughout Russia, and caused more pogroms in different regions of Russia. That has been argued to have been actually more important than rumors of Jewish responsibility for the death of the Tsar. Those rumors, however, were clearly of some importance, if only as a trigger, and they drew upon a small kernel of truth: one of the close associates of the assassins, Hesya Helfman, was born into a Jewish home. The fact that the other assassins were all atheists and that the wider Jewish community had nothing to do with the assassination had little impact on the spread of such antisemitic rumors, and the assassination inspired retaliatory attacks on Jewish communities. During these pogroms, thousands of Jewish homes were destroyed; many families were reduced to poverty and large numbers of men, women and children were injured in 166 towns in the south-western provinces of the Empire, such as Ukraine.
There also was a large pogrom on the night of 15–16 April 1881 (the day of Eastern Orthodox Easter) in the city of Yelizavetgrad (now Kropyvnytskyi). On 17 April, the Army units were dispatched and were forced to use firearms to extinguish the riot. However, that only incited the whole situation in the region and a week later series of pogroms rolled through parts of the Kherson Governorate.
On 26 April 1881, an even bigger disorder engulfed the city of Kiev. The Kiev pogrom of 1881 is considered the worst one that took place in 1881. The pogroms of 1881 did not stop then. They continued on through the summer, spreading across a big territory of modern-day Ukraine: (Podolia Governorate, Volyn Governorate, Chernigov Governorate, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, and others). During these pogroms the first local Jewish self-defense organizations started to form—the most prominent one in Odessa, which was organized by the Jewish students of the Novorossiysk University.
For decades after the 1881 pogroms, many government officials held the antisemitic belief that Jews in villages were more dangerous than Jews who lived in towns. The Minister of the Interior Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev rejected the theory that pogroms were caused by revolutionary socialists, and instead he adopted the idea that they were a protest by the rural population against Jewish exploitation. With this idea in mind, he promulgated the notion that pogroms had spread from villages to towns. Historians today recognize that although rural peasantry did largely participate in the pogrom violence, pogroms began in the towns and spread to the villages.
The new Tsar Alexander III initially blamed revolutionaries and the Jews themselves for the riots and in May 1882 issued the May Laws, a series of harsh restrictions on Jews.
The pogroms continued for more than three years and were thought to have benefited from at least the tacit support of the authorities, although there were also attempts by the Russian government to end the rioting.
The pogroms and the official reaction to them led many Russian Jews to reassess their perceptions of their status within the Russian Empire, and so led to significant Jewish emigration, mostly to the United States.
Casualties
At least 40 Jews were killed during pogroms between April and December 1881. An additional 225 Jewish women reported being raped; Of these, 17 were reportedly killed while being raped.
British reaction
The leaders of the Jewish community in London were slow to speak out. It was only after Louisa Goldsmid's support following leadership from an anonymous writer named "Juriscontalus" and the editor of The Jewish Chronicle that action was taken in 1881. Public meetings were held across the country and Jewish and Christian leaders in Britain spoke out against the atrocities.
1903–1906
A much bloodier wave of pogroms broke out from 1903 to 1906, leaving an estimated 2,000 Jews dead and many more wounded, as the Jews took to arms to defend their families and property from the attackers. Particularly, the 1905 pogrom stands as one of the most severe incidents of anti-Jewish violence in Russia at the time, both in terms of property damage and human casualties. In comparison, the pogrom wave that occurred between 1881 and 1882 resulted in fewer fatalities. According to police records in Odessa, a minimum of 400 Jews and 100 non-Jews lost their lives, while around 300 individuals, predominantly Jewish, were injured. Additionally, an estimated 1,632 residential and commercial properties owned by Jews sustained damage. These numbers are considered by some to be conservative estimates, particularly regarding the number of injured individuals. The violence against the Jewish community was extreme, and involved acts such as physical assault and other forms of harm against men, women, and children who were not engaged in opposition to the government at the time. Reports also indicate instances of individuals being thrown from windows, sexual assault against women across age groups, and fatal violence against infants witnessed by their parents.
The New York Times described the First Kishinev pogrom of Easter, 1903:
The anti-Jewish riots in Kishinev, Bessarabia [modern Moldova], are worse than the censor will permit to publish. There was a well laid-out plan for the general massacre of Jews on the day following the Orthodox Easter. The mob was led by priests, and the general cry, "Kill the Jews", was taken up all over the city. The Jews were taken wholly unaware and were slaughtered like sheep. The dead number 120 [Note: the actual number of dead was 47–48] and the injured about 500. The scenes of horror attending this massacre are beyond description. Babies were literally torn to pieces by the frenzied and bloodthirsty mob. The local police made no attempt to check the reign of terror. At sunset the streets were piled with corpses and wounded. Those who could make their escape fled in terror, and the city is now practically deserted of Jews.
This series of pogroms affected 64 towns (including Odessa, Yekaterinoslav, Kiev, Kishinev, Simferopol, Romny, Kremenchug, Nikolayev, Chernigov, Kamenets-Podolski, Yelizavetgrad), and 626 small towns (Russian: городок) and villages, mostly in Ukraine and Bessarabia.
Historians such as Edward Radzinsky suggest that many pogroms were incited by authorities and supported by the Tsarist Russian secret police (the Okhrana), even if some happened spontaneously. The perpetrators who were prosecuted usually received clemency by Tsar's decree.
Even outside of these main outbreaks, pogroms remained common; there was an anti-Jewish riot in Odessa in 1905 in which thousands of Jews were killed.
The 1903 Kishinev pogrom, also known as the Kishinev Massacre, in present-day Moldova killed 47–49 persons. It provoked an international outcry after it was publicized by The Times and The New York Times. There was a second, smaller Kishinev pogrom in 1905.
A pogrom on July 20, 1905, in Yekaterinoslav (present-day Dnipro, Ukraine), was stopped by the Jewish self-defense group. One man in the group was killed.
On July 31, 1905, there was the first pogrom outside the Pale of Settlement, in the town of Makariev (near Nizhni Novgorod), where a patriotic procession led by the mayor turned violent.
At a pogrom in Kerch in Crimea on 31 July 1905, the mayor ordered the police to fire at the self-defence group, and two fighters were killed (one of them, P. Kirilenko, was a Ukrainian who joined the Jewish defence group). The pogrom was conducted by the port workers apparently brought in for the purpose.
After the publication of the Tsar's Manifesto of October 17, 1905, pogroms erupted in 660 towns mainly in the present-day Ukraine, in the Southern and Southeastern areas of the Pale of Settlement. In contrast, there were no pogroms in present-day Lithuania. There were also very few incidents in Belarus or Russia proper. There were 24 pogroms outside of the Pale of Settlement, but those were directed at the revolutionaries rather than Jews.
Eyewitness account from local milkmen described the 1905 Odessa pogrom as follows:
The three previous days they [Jewish family] had been in hiding. By Friday afternoon the pogrom was wrapping up. Friday night their neighbors, who were Russian, assured them that they could go home. They went and sat down for tea. And those same neighbors, it would seem, quietly let the killers in, since they never heard them knocking in the hallway. Suddenly, there was a knock on the door and strangers’ footsteps. The tea drinkers all hid: the servant by himself, the father by himself, the mother and daughter together. The killers found the mother and daughter first. They hit the mother in the head with an axe and cut the daughter’s arm. Their screams brought the father running, and he was taken down on the spot. The wounded mother was later taken to the hospital, while the daughter got off lightly.
The greatest number of pogroms were registered in the Chernigov gubernia in northern Ukraine. The pogroms there in October 1905 took 800 Jewish lives, the material damages estimated at 70,000,000 rubles. 400 were killed in Odessa, over 150 in Rostov-on-Don, 67 in Yekaterinoslav, 54 in Minsk, 30 in Simferopol—over 40, in Orsha—over 30.
In 1906, the pogroms continued: January — in Gomel, June — in Bialystok (ca. 80 dead), and August — in Siedlce (ca. 30 dead). The Russian secret police and the military personnel organized the massacres.
In many of these incidents the most prominent participants were railway workers, industrial workers, and small shopkeepers and craftsmen, and (if the town was a river port (e.g. Dnipro) or a seaport (e.g. Kerch)), waterfront workmen; peasants joined in mainly to loot.
Causes
Historian Bob Weinberg traces the roots of the pogrom to the complex social and political setting of Russia during that period. He contends that part of the explanation for the brutality lies in the realm of identity politics. For some individuals involved, their actions were not just acts of violence but also expressions of their Orthodox Christian beliefs and loyalty to the Russian monarch. The sense of eroding authority and changes in political structures seemed to amplify this sentiment, as exemplified by events like the vandalization of Tsar Nicholas II's portraits, which stirred animosity and rallied those resistant to change.
Weinberg further argues that the pogroms functioned as a safety valve for defusing mounting societal discontent that could have otherwise led to revolutionary uprisings. He posits that the Jewish community was selected as a strategic scapegoat to redirect popular frustrations away from opposing the autocratic regime and focus them on an internal marginalized group instead. This tactic was not an innovation of the 1905 Odessa pogroms but had historical precedents, such as the pogrom wave of 1881 that similarly victimized Jewish communities.
Response of the United States
The pogroms increasingly angered American opinion. The well-established German Jews in the United States, although they were not directly affected by the Russian pogroms, were well organized and convinced Washington to support the cause of Jews in Russia. Led by Oscar Straus, Jacob Schiff, Mayer Sulzberger, and Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise, they organized protest meetings, issued publicity, and met with President Theodore Roosevelt and Secretary of State John Hay. Stuart E. Knee reports that in April, 1903, Roosevelt received 363 addresses, 107 letters and 24 petitions signed by thousands of Christians, public and church leaders alike—all calling on the Tsar to stop the persecution of Jews. Public rallies were held in scores of cities, topped off at Carnegie Hall in New York in May. The Tsar retreated a bit and fired one local official after the Kishinev pogrom, which Roosevelt had explicitly denounced. But Roosevelt was mediating the war between Russia and Japan at the time and could not publicly take sides. Therefore, Secretary Hay took the initiative in Washington. Finally, Roosevelt forwarded a petition to the Tsar, who rejected it claiming that the Jews themselves were at fault. Roosevelt won Jewish support in his 1904 landslide reelection. The pogroms continued, as hundreds of thousands of Jews fled Russia, most heading for London or New York. With American public opinion turning against Russia, Congress officially denounced its policies in 1906. Roosevelt kept a low profile, as did his new Secretary of State Elihu Root. However, in late 1906 Roosevelt did appoint the first Jew to the cabinet, naming Oscar Straus as his Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
Organization
The pogroms are generally thought to have been organized or at least condoned by the authorities. However, that view was challenged by Hans Rogger, I. Michael Aronson and John Klier, who were unable to find such sanction to be documented in the state archives.
However, the antisemitic policy that was carried out from 1881 to 1917 made them possible. Official persecution and harassment of Jews influenced numerous antisemites to presume that their violence was legitimate. That sentiment was reinforced by the active participation of a few major and many minor officials in fomenting attacks and by the reluctance of the government to stop the pogroms and to punish those responsible for them.
Influence
The pogroms of the 1880s caused a worldwide outcry and, along with harsh laws, propelled mass Jewish emigration from Russia. Among the passed antisemitic laws were the 1882 May Laws, which prohibited Jews from moving into villages, allegedly in an attempt to address the cause of the pogroms (when, in fact, the pogroms were caused by an entirely different reason). The majority of the Russian High Commission for the Review of Jewish Legislation (1883–1888) actually noted the fact that almost all of the pogroms had begun in the towns and attempted to abolish the laws. However, the minority of the High Commission ignored the facts and backed the laws. Two million Jews fled the Russian Empire between 1880 and 1920, with many going to the United Kingdom and United States. In response, the United Kingdom introduced the Aliens Act 1905, which introduced immigration controls for the first time, a main objective being to reduce the influx of Eastern European Jews.
In reaction to the pogroms and other oppressions of the Tsarist period, Jews increasingly became politically active. Jewish participation in The General Jewish Labor Bund, colloquially known as the Bund, and in the Bolshevik movements, was directly influenced by the pogroms. Similarly, the organization of Jewish self-defense leagues, which stopped the pogromists in certain areas during the second Kishinev pogrom, such as Hovevei Zion, led to a strong embrace of Zionism, especially by Russian Jews.
Cultural references
In 1903, Hebrew poet Hayyim Nahman Bialik wrote the poem In the City of Slaughter in response to the Kishinev pogrom.
Elie Wiesel's The Trial of God depicts Jews fleeing a pogrom and setting up a fictitious "trial of God" for His negligence in not assisting them against the bloodthirsty mobs. In the end, it turns out that the mysterious stranger who has argued as God's advocate is none other than Lucifer. The experience of a Russian Jew is also depicted in Elie Wiesel's The Testament.
A pogrom is one of the central events in the musical play Fiddler on the Roof, which is adapted from Russian author Sholem Aleichem's Tevye the Dairyman stories. Aleichem writes about the pogroms in a story called "Lekh-Lekho". The famous Broadway musical and film Fiddler on the Roof showed the cruelty of the Russian pogroms on the Jews in the fictional Anatevka in the early 20th century.
In the adult animated musical drama film American Pop, set during Imperial Russia during the late 1890s, a rabbi's wife and her young son Zalmie escape to America while the rabbi is killed by the Cossacks.
In the animated film An American Tail, set during and after the 1880s pogroms, Fievel and his family's village is destroyed by a pogrom. (Fievel and his family are mice, and their Cossack attackers are cats.)
The novel The Sacrifice by Adele Wiseman also deals with a family that is displaced after a pogrom in their home country and who emigrate to Canada after losing two sons to the riot and barely surviving themselves. The loss and murder of the sons haunts the entire story.
Mark Twain gives graphic descriptions of the Russian pogroms in Reflections on Religion, Part 3, published in 1906.
Joseph Joffo describes the early history of his mother, a Jew in the Russia of Tsar Nicholas II, in the biographical 'Anna and her Orchestra'. He describes the raids by Cossacks on Jewish quarters and the eventual retribution inflicted by Anna's father and brothers on the Cossacks who murdered and burnt homes at the behest of the tsar.
In Bernard Malamud's novel The Fixer, set in Tsarist Russia around 1911, a Russian-Jewish handyman, Yakov Bog, is wrongly imprisoned for a most unlikely crime. It was later made into a film directed by John Frankenheimer with a screenplay by Dalton Trumbo.
Isaac Babel recounts a pogrom he experienced as a child in Mykolaiv, ca. 1905, in The Story of My Dovecote. He describes another pogrom against travelers on a train in early 1918 in the short story "The Way".
See also
Martyrdom in Judaism
Religious antisemitism
Antisemitism in Christianity
Christianity and Judaism
Antisemitism in the Russian Empire
Relations between Eastern Orthodoxy and Judaism
Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
Antisemitism in Russia
British responses to the anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire
Emancipation of the Jews in England#Pogroms in Russia
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union
Jewish emancipation
Pogroms of the Russian Civil War
References
Further reading
Arnold, Richard. Russian Nationalism and Ethnic Violence: Symbolic violence, lynching, pogrom, and massacre (Routledge, 2016).
Aronson, I. Michael. Troubled waters: Origins of the 1881 anti-Jewish pogroms in Russia (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990).
Gerasimov, Ilya V. "Anti-Jewish Violence. Rethinking the Pogrom in East European History." Ab Imperio 2012.3 (2012): 396–412. online
Goldstein, Yossi. "The impact of Russian terrorism in Kishinev on the Zionist movement and the Jewish intelligentsia." Terrorism and Political Violence 25.4 (2013): 587–596.
Grosfeld, Irena, Seyhun Orcan Sakalli, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya. "Middleman minorities and ethnic violence: anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian empire." Review of Economic Studies 87.1 (2020): 289–342. online
Humphrey, Caroline. "Odessa: Pogroms in a cosmopolitan city." in Post-Cosmopolitan Cities: Explorations of Urban Coexistence (2012): 17–64.
Judge, Edward H. Easter in Kishinev: anatomy of a pogrom (NYU Press, 1995).
Klier, John Doyle. Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881–1882 (2014).
Penkower, Monty Noam. "The Kishinev pogrom of 1903: A turning point in Jewish history." Modern Judaism 24.3 (2004): 187–225. online
Schoenberg, Philip Ernest. "The American Reaction to the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903." American Jewish Historical Quarterly 63.3 (1974): 262–283. online
Staliūnas, Darius. "Anti-Jewish disturbances in the north-western provinces in the early 1880s." East European Jewish Affairs 34.2 (2004): 119–138.
Weinberg, Robert. "Workers, pogroms, and the 1905 revolution in Odessa." Russian Review 46.1 (1987): 53–75. online
Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina, Irena Grosfeld, and Seyhun Orcan Sakalli. "Middleman Minorities and Ethnic Violence: Anti-Jewish Pogroms in the Russian Empire." (2018). online
Historiography
Budnitskii, Oleg. "Jews, Pogroms, and the White Movement: A Historiographical Critique." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 2.4 (2001): 1–23.
Dekel-Chen, Jonathan, et al., eds. Anti-Jewish violence: rethinking the pogrom in East European history (Indiana UP, 2010).
Karlip, Joshua M. "Between martyrology and historiography: Elias Tcherikower and the making of a pogrom historian." East European Jewish Affairs 38.3 (2008): 257–280.
Klier, John Doyle, and Shlomo Lambroza, eds. Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History (2004).
Weinberg, Robert. "Visualizing pogroms in Russian history." Jewish History (1998): 71–92. online
Zipperstein, Steven J. Pogrom: Kishinev and the tilt of history (Liveright, 2018). online
External links
Lenin's speech: About Anti-Jewish Pogroms (Text of the speech, )
Jewish history of the Russian Federation (through the Second World War)
Modern History Sourcebook: The Jewish Chronicle: Outrages Upon Jews in Russia, May 6, 1881
Jewish Virtual Library page "Pogroms"
History of pogroms in Odessa
The Pogrom of 1905 in Odessa: A Case Study
Kishinev pogrom history
he:הסופות בנגב |
Sankeshwar (R) is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
References
Villages in Belagavi district |
John Caven may refer to:
John Caven (American politician) (1824–1905), Indiana politician and Freemason
John Caven (Canadian politician) (born c. 1838), Ontario farmer and political figure
John Caven (footballer) (born 1934), Scottish footballer |
Maurice Dekobra (26 May 1885, Paris – 1 June 1973, Paris) was a French writer. His real name was Ernest-Maurice Tessier.
Viewed as a subversive writer in the 1920s and 1930s, he became one of the best-known French writers between the First and the Second World Wars. His books have been translated into 77 languages, and he has been described as an early example of an international best-seller writer. This is particularly true of his best known work, La Madone des Sleepings (1925).
In spite of this, and the publication of a biography by Philippe Collas in 2001, he was declared a "total unknown" in 2005, though the republication of La Madone des Sleepings by the publisher Zulma in 2006 has increased awareness of him, at least in France.
Biography
At the age of 19, he started his career as a trilingual journalist – French, English, German. During the 1914–18 War he was attached as liaison officer/interpreter first to the Indian army, and later to the United States army. The contacts he made at this time ignited his passion for travel. He attributed the origin of his pen name to an episode in North Africa when he saw a snake charmer with two cobras. Allegedly he began thinking of the "deux cobras", which led him to De-kobra, then Dekobra. The term 'dekobrisme' was coined from his fiction, which used journalistic features in his novels. He chose to live in the United States from 1939 to 1946. Upon returning to France, he started writing whodunits. One of these, Opération Magali (1951) won the Prix du Quai des Orfèvres.
Some of his novels were made into films.
Bibliography
Les Mémoires de Rat-de-Cave ou Du Cambriolage considéré comme un des beaux-arts (1912)
Grain d'Cachou ou Montmartre pendant la guerre ou La petite dame sans camélias (1918)
Les Liaisons tranquilles (1920)
Minuit... Place Pigalle (1923)
Mon coeur au ralenti (1924)
La Vénus à roulettes (1925)
La Madone des sleepings (1925)
La Gondole aux chimères (1926)
Les nuits de Walpurgis (1926)
Tu seras courtisane (1927)
Flammes de velours (1927)
Sérénade au Bourreau (1928)
Les Tigres Parfumés - Aventures Au Pays Des Maharajahs (1929)
Prince ou Pitre (1929)
Le Sphinx a parlé... (1930)
Aux cent mille sourires (1931)
Fusillé à l'aube (1931)
Aux cent mille sourires (1931)
Pourquoi mourir? (1931)
L'Archange aux pieds fourchus (1931)
La Volupté éclairant le monde, (1932)
Rat-de-cave, cambrioleur (1932)
Confucius en pull-over (1934)
Madame Joli-Supplice (1935)
Macao, enfer du jeu (1938)
Émigrés de luxe (1941)
Le roman d'un lâche (1942)
La Perruche Bleue Journal d'une courtisane sous la terreur nazie (1945)
Hamydal le Philosophe (1947)
La Prison des Rêves (1947)
Satan refuse du monde (1947)
Et Eve gifla Adam... ou les aventures d'une Yankee à Montparnasse (1949)
Salutations distinguées (1949)
La Pavane des poisons (1950)
La Rafle est pour ce soir (1953)
Monsieur Lambers mourra ce soir (1957)
Son altesse mon amant (1958)
Passeport diplomatique (1959)
Casanova à Manhattan (1960)
La Trahison du colonel Redko (1960)
L'homme qui mourut deux fois - Les vestales du veau d'or (1960)
Secrets de sleeping (1960)
13ÈME AMANT
Filmography, directed by (1927, based on the short story La Girl aux mains fines)Prince or Clown, directed by Aleksandr Razumny (1928, based on the novel Prince ou Pitre)Change of Heart, directed by Marco de Gastyne (1928, based on the novel Mon coeur au ralenti)Madonna of the Sleeping Cars, directed by Maurice Gleize and Marco de Gastyne (1928, based on the novel La Madone des sleepings)Minuit, place Pigalle, directed by René Hervil (1928, based on the novel Minuit... Place Pigalle)Latin Quarter, directed by Augusto Genina (1929, based on the novel Quartier Latin)Friends and Lovers, directed by Victor Schertzinger (1931, based on the novel Le Sphinx a parlé), directed by Roger Richebé (1934, based on the novel Minuit... Place Pigalle)The Phantom Gondola, directed by Augusto Genina (1936, based on the novel La Gondole aux chimères)Yoshiwara, directed by Max Ophüls (1937, based on the novel Yoshiwara)Latin Quarter, directed by Alexander Esway, Christian Chamborant and Pierre Colombier (1939, based on the novel Quartier Latin), directed by Jean Delannoy (1939/42, based on the novel Macao, l'enfer du jeu, starring Erich von Stroheim, Mireille Balin and Sessue Hayakawa), directed by André Haguet (1950, based on the novel Fusillé à l'aube), directed by Jean Stelli (1951, based on the novel Sérénade au bourreau)Hell Is Sold Out, directed by Michael Anderson (1951, based on the novel Satan refuse du monde), directed by (1953, based on the novel Opération Magali), directed by Robert Vernay (1955, based on the novel Rue des bouches peintes)Madonna of the Sleeping Cars, directed by Henri Diamant-Berger (1955, based on the novel La Madone des sleepings)
Suspicion, directed by Pierre Billon (1956, based on the novel La Pavane des poisons)Passeport diplomatique agent K 8, directed by Robert Vernay (1965, based on the novel Passeport diplomatique)
ScreenwriterLa Sirène des tropiques (dir. Henri Étiévant and Mario Nalpas, 1927) (dir. Maurice Dekobra, 1954)
Director'' (1954)
References
Davis, Robert Leslie "Maurice Dekobra: grand voyageur et romancier cosmopolite", PhD, Queen's University Belfast, 1970
Philippe Collas "Maurice Dekobra: gentleman entre deux mondes", Paris, Seguier, 2001,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307668782_La_Madone_des_Sleepings_ou_le_kitsch_des_annees_folles
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307640750_Imagining_adventure_in_Middlebrow_fiction_Cosmopolitan_Novels_by_Maurice_Dekobra_and_Johan_Fabricius
1885 births
1973 deaths
Writers from Paris
20th-century French novelists
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French male novelists
French writers in German
20th-century French male writers |
Tobias Steffen (born 3 June 1992) is a German footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Atlas Delmenhorst.
Career
Steffen joined Bayer Leverkusen from VfL Osnabrück in 2009, and was promoted to the reserve team during the 2010–11 season. He made an immediate impact, scoring eight goals in fifteen games, and went on loan to Energie Cottbus of the 2. Bundesliga in July 2011. He made his Cottbus debut as a substitute for Dimitar Rangelov in a 2–0 away win over Alemannia Aachen in August 2008, but only made one other appearance and returned to Leverkusen half-way through the season. For the 2012–13 season he was named as an auxiliary member of the first-team squad, and was named in the starting eleven for a UEFA Europa League tie against Metalist Kharkiv in November 2012.
Steffen left Leverkusen in July 2013, signing for Fortuna Köln. He helped Fortuna win the Regionalliga West title in the 2013–14 season, and promotion to the 3. Liga after a playoff victory over Bayern Munich II before joining Rot-Weiss Essen in July 2014.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
People from Leer
Men's association football midfielders
German men's footballers
Footballers from Lower Saxony
FC Energie Cottbus players
FC Energie Cottbus II players
Bayer 04 Leverkusen II players
Bayer 04 Leverkusen players
SC Fortuna Köln players
Rot-Weiss Essen players
BV Cloppenburg players
SV Rödinghausen players
VfB Oldenburg players
Atlas Delmenhorst players
2. Bundesliga players
Regionalliga players |
The 1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain was the invasion of Bahrain in 1717 by the Sultanate of Oman, bringing an end to the 115-year rule by the declining Safavid dynasty. Following the Afghan invasion of Iran at the beginning of the 18th century which weakened the Safavids, the Omani forces were able to undermine Safavid rule in Bahrain and their actions culminated in victory for the Yaruba dynasty rulers of Oman.
Bahraini theologian, Sheikh Yusuf Al Bahrani, provided his personal account of the invasion in his biographical dictionary of Shia scholars, Lu’lu’at al-Baḥrayn (The Pearl of Bahrain):
However, when the Omanis later relinquished control, it did not bring peace to Bahrain. The political weakness of Persia meant that the islands were soon invaded by the Huwala, who Al Bahrani said 'ruined' Bahrain. Almost constant warfare between various Sunni naval powers, the Omanis and then the Persians under Nadir Shah and Karim Khan Zand laid waste to much of Bahrain, while the high taxes imposed by the Omanis drove out the pearl merchants and the pearl divers. Danish German Arabist Carsten Niebuhr found in 1763 that Bahrain's 360 towns and villages had, through warfare and economic distress, been reduced to only 60.
From 1783 Bahrain was ruled by a succession of sheikhs from the House of Al-Khalifa. They continue to rule Bahrain to this day.
See also
History of Bahrain
References
Conflicts in 1717
Invasions of Bahrain
Omani invasion
Wars involving Oman
18th century in Oman
Wars involving Bahrain
18th century in Bahrain
Bahrain–Oman military relations
Battles involving Safavid Iran
1717 in Iran
Battles involving the Omani Empire |
Joseph Wood (c. 1778 - June 15, 1830) was an American painter noted mainly for his portraits.
Wood was born near Clarkstown, New York, and in 1793 apprenticed to a silversmith. In 1801 he became a miniature painter and studied with Edward Greene Malbone. He then formed a partnership with John Wesley Jarvis, 1802-10, worked in Philadelphia from 1813–1816, then in Washington, D.C., from 1816–1830. In his later years he ran an art school and served as a draftsman for patent applications. He died in Washington, D.C.
References
The Capital Image: Painters in Washington, 1800–1915, by Andrew J. Cosentino and Henry H. Glassie, Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press for the National Museum of American Art, 1983.
Smithsonian American Art Museum entry
19th-century American painters
1770s births
1830 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
19th-century American male artists
American male painters
American portrait painters
Portrait miniaturists
People from Clarkstown, New York
Painters from New York (state)
Painters from Washington, D.C. |
K–12, from kindergarten to 12th grade, is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as Afghanistan, Australia, Canada, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
History
U.S. public education was conceived of in the late 18th century. In 1790, Pennsylvania became the first state to require some form of free education for everyone regardless of whether they could afford it. New York passed similar legislation in 1805. In 1820, Massachusetts became the first state to create a tuition-free high school, Boston English.
The first K–12 public school systems appeared in the early 19th century. In the 1830s and 1840s, Ohioans were taking a significant interest in the idea of public education. At that point in time, schools were commonly operated independently of each other, with little attempt at uniformity. The Akron School Law of 1847 changed this. The city of Akron unified the operations, curriculum and funding of local schools into a single public school district:
In 1849, the state of Ohio enacted a law modeled after the Akron law which extended the idea of school districts to cover the rest of the state.
By 1930, all 48 states had passed laws making education compulsory, and in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which committed the federal government to significant ongoing expenditures to each state for the purpose of sustaining local K–12 school systems. The ESEA essentially made K–12 education the law of the land.
Since its inception, public K–12 has been debated and subject to several waves of reform throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. In the 1980s, Reagan's 'A Nation at Risk' initiative included provisions requiring public education to be evaluated based on standards, and teacher pay to be based on evaluations. In the 1990s, the Goals 2000 Act and the "Improving America's Schools" act provided additional federal funding to states to bolster local K–12 systems. This was followed in the 2000s by a rigorous uptick in standards-based evaluations with the No Child Left Behind Act, and the Race to the Top Act. In 2015, President Barack Obama signed the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which returned some power to state governments with respect to evaluations and standards.
Etymology
The expression "K–12" is a shortening of kindergarten (K) for 5–6 year olds through twelfth grade (12) for 17–18 year-olds, as the first and last grades,
respectively, of free education in these countries. The related term "P–12" is also occasionally used in Australia and the United States to refer to the sum of K–12 plus preschool education.
The image at the right illustrates the education system in the United States. The table shows the progression of the education system starting with the basic K–12 system then progressing through post-secondary education. K–14 refers to K–12 plus two years of post-secondary where training was received from vocational-technical institutions or community or junior colleges. K–16 is 12 years of compulsory education plus a 4-year undergrad program. The K numbers refer to the years of educational attainment and continues to progress upward accordingly depending on the degree being sought.
Usage
The term is often used as a kind of shorthand to collectively refer to the entirety of primary and secondary education, as it is much easier than having to say one is referring in the aggregate to elementary, middle, and high school education. However, it is rare for a school district to actually teach all K–12 grades at one unified school campus. Even the smallest school districts try to maintain, at a minimum, a two-tier distinction between an elementary school (K–8) and a high school (9–12). Unified K–12 schools are common, however, in rural and remote areas throughout Canada.
The term is often used in school website URLs, generally appearing before the country code top-level domain (or in the United States, the state top-level domain). The terms "PK–12", "PreK–12", or "Pre-K–12" are sometimes used to add pre-kindergarten.
It is also used by American multinationals selling into the educational sector, such as Dell where UK customers are presented with this as a market segment choice.
P–12
In Australia, P–12 is sometimes used in place of K–12, particularly in Queensland, where it is used as an official term in the curriculum framework. P–12 schools serve children for the thirteen years from prep until Year 12, without including the separate kindergarten component. In Canada (Nova Scotia) P–12 is used commonly in place of K–12 and serves students from grade Primary through 12.
K–14, K–16, K–18 and K–20
K–14 education also includes community colleges (the first two years of university). K–16 education adds a four-year undergraduate university degree. For simplicity purposes education shorthand was created to denote specific education levels of achievement. This shorthand is commonly used in articles, publications and educational legislation. The following list contains the most commonly found shorthand descriptors:
P–14: Pre-school to associate degree
P–16: Pre-school to bachelor's degree
P–18: Pre-school to master's degree
P–20: Pre-school to graduate degree
K–14: Kindergarten to associate degree
K–16: Kindergarten to bachelor's degree
K–18: Kindergarten to master's degree
K–20: Kindergarten to graduate degree
The Career Technical Education (CTE) Unit of the California Community College Economic Development and Workforce Preparation Division focuses on program coordination and advocacy, policy development and coordination with K–18 workforce preparation and career and technical education systems.
The ASCCC Chancellor's Office Career Technical Education (CTE) Unit of the Economic Development and Workforce Preparation Division focuses on program coordination and advocacy, policy development and coordination with K–18 workforce preparation and career and technical education systems. Responsible for the implementation of the Vocational and Technical Education Act (VTEA), managing and coordinating activities that impact other interagency and intra-agency objectives. In addition, the CTE Unit is also responsible for the development, dissemination, and implementation of the California State Plan and the annual performance reports.
Further reference to K–18 education can be found in this publication by Ann Diver-Stamnes and Linda Catelli in chapter 4 "College/University Partnership Projects for Instituting Change and Improvement in K–18 Education".
See also
Day care
All-through school
Notes
References
Further reading
Educational years
Educational stages
Education in North America |
Macau competed in the 2009 East Asian Games which were held in Hong Kong, China from December 5, 2009 to December 13, 2009. Macau finished sixth on the medal table with 8 gold medals.
References
2009 East Asian Games
Macau at the East Asian Games
2009 in Macau sport |
American University of Sharjah (AUS; ) is a private university in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. It was founded in 1997 by Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Sharjah. Located in University City in Sharjah, AUS has more than 5,000 students from more than 94 countries and a full-time faculty of more than 360 from 48 countries.
AUS offers 26 majors and 48 minors at undergraduate level as well as 16 master's degrees and a PhD in Engineering Systems Management. The university is organized into three colleges and one school.
The university is licensed by the Commission for Academic Accreditation of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (UAE) in the United Arab Emirates, which recognizes all undergraduate and graduate programs. American University of Sharjah is accredited in the United States by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
History
The American University of Sharjah was founded in 1997 by the Emir of Sharjah, Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi.
AUS was granted a license by the UAE Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in 1998 and held its first student council elections the same year. The subsequent year saw the university being granted a license by the UAE Commission for Academic Accreditation.
The development continued with the university launching its first graduate degree—a Master of Business Administration (MBA)—in 2000 and holding its first commencement the following year. The US Middle States Commission on Higher Education recognized this and, after a comprehensive assessment, granted accreditation to the university in 2004.
In 2006, Emir Al-Qasimi inaugurated the new AUS Library.
The university saw its student body cross the 5,000 mark in 2009. In 2010, the AUS Bachelor of Architecture degree program became the first outside of North America to be granted accreditation by the US National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB). In 2012, Forbes Middle East ranked the AUS MBA program as the best offered by a private university in the Gulf region.
Campus
American University of Sharjah is situated in University City, 16 kilometers (10 miles) from the center of Sharjah City and about 25 km from the neighboring emirate of Dubai.
AUS is the flagship institution of University City, a 1,600 acre complex that includes other educational establishments. The university has dormitories, a sports complex, and a gym. Other amenities include a health center, a pharmacy, a bank, a post office, a barbershop, a ladies beauty salon, and two convenience stores.
The center of the AUS campus comprises 12 academic buildings. The academic buildings house classrooms and lecture halls of various sizes; a library; science, language, computer and engineering laboratories; workshops and digital studios; and offices for faculty, academic administrators, and support staff.
The campus includes student residential halls (for men and for women) as well as a large Sports Complex and a Student Center. Approximately 40 percent of the student body lives in campus housing. Unlike most American universities, AUS requires faculty members and their families to live on campus with the intention of providing students with a learning and living environment that allows for on-going interaction with faculty members and their families.
Testing and Professional Development Center
The AUS Testing and Professional Development Center serves as a central point of testing for both the AUS campus and the community. The center accommodates the placement tests for newly AUS admitted students as well as university testing. The center is part of the ETS Strategic Testing Network and offers the ETS Internet-based TOEFL as well as an institutional paper-based TOEFL in addition to other testing services.
AUS is also the sole testing center in the United Arab Emirates for the Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FE) and Professional Engineering Exam (PE) administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) in the USA.
Library
The AUS Library, an 11,000-square-meter facility, provides collections, services and programs to support the curricular and research needs of the university community. The majority of the library's rapidly growing physical collection of 141,000 items is in English; however, there are also materials available in Arabic. An online catalog system can be used to search for library materials from any location on or off campus. Using the library website, students and faculty can access e-books, online databases, full-text journals and other digital resources. The library works in conjunction with all parts of the university to provide academic resources for all classes taught at AUS. Facilities include PC workstations, an ‘information commons’ computer environment, two computer classrooms for teaching information literacy and research skills, book, study spaces, including group study and presentation rooms, media preview rooms; circulation/reserves and research help desks and self-checkout stations. The seating capacity is approximately 800. The AUS Archives department is a repository for institutional records that have been created by various academic and administrative departments of the university.
Transportation
AUS offers a shuttle bus service between the student residential halls and other areas of campus. The Transportation Services can also provide transportation to the cities of Sharjah, Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Al Ain. Transportation Services also provides information on local taxi and rental car services. [www.aus.edu/transportation]
Global rankings
American University of Sharjah was placed at 151-200 bracket in the THE Young University Rankings as well as at 201-250 bracket in the THE Asia University Rankings 2019.
For two years in a row, in 2017 and 2018, American University of Sharjah topped the Times Higher Education (THE) list of universities with the highest percentage of international students globally.
In 2023, American University of Sharjah was ranked #364 according to QS Top Universities.
Student life
Student Publications
Practical writing experience is available to AUS students through three student publications, The Leopard, Realms and Arabian Leopard.
The Leopard Newspaper: “A Reason to Roar”: The Leopard is an official university newspaper and a voice of AUS students. The leopard is the official AUS mascot and was chosen because the UAE preserves and protects the Arabian leopard, which is currently on the brink of extinction.
Realms: This magazine was founded as a literary outlet for AUS students.
Arabian Leopard: The Arabian Leopard newspaper gives students the chance to develop and present their Arabic writing skills and creative writing.
Model United Nations
American University of Sharjah Model United Nations, or AUSMUN, is an annual high school and university conference organized by the International Studies department at the American University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates.
International exchange programs
The Office of International Exchange Programs was established to provide AUS students and faculty with exchange opportunities, including sending and hosting visiting scholars, aiding faculty members in arranging international study tours, developing exchange agreements with universities around the world, and achieving membership in the top global exchange consortia.
The Office of International Exchange Programs works with AUS students who wish to study at universities in other countries either for a semester or a year. The office also facilitates the admission of international students coming to AUS to study.
In addition to facilitating student exchanges and study abroad, the AUS Office of International Exchange Programs also administers processes enabling faculty-led study tours, visiting scholars, visiting guests and delegations, tuition exchange programs, and the dissemination of information regarding international scholarships and internships.
Notable alumni
Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi
Fadel Al Mheiri, filmmaker
Mishal Hamed Kanoo, Chairman of The Kanoo Group
Sheikha Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi, UAE Minister for Foreign Trade and former Minister of Economic and Planning (2004–2008); first woman to hold a ministerial post in the UAE
Sarah Al Amiri, Chair of the United Arab Emirates Council of Scientists and Deputy Project Manager of the Emirates Mars Mission.
Adib Fahim ex deputy intelligence director of Afghanistan
Gallery
See also
Americans in the United Arab Emirates
American universities in the Middle East:
American University of Cairo (AUC)
American University of Beirut (AUB)
American University of Iraq - Sulaimani (AUI)
American University of Kuwait (AUK)
American University in Dubai (AUD)
References
Education in the Emirate of Sharjah
Universities and colleges in Sharjah (city)
Buildings and structures in Sharjah (city)
Educational institutions established in 1997
Sharjah (city)
University City of Sharjah
1997 establishments in the United Arab Emirates |
Al Markh () is one of the oldest and smallest villages of Bahrain. It neighbors Budaiya highway and the village of Duraz to the north, Saar and Magaba highway to the east, the villages of Bani Jamra and Al Garya to the west, and the village of Saar to the south.
Etymology
Some historians say the village was named after a Bedouin called Al Markh who settled in the village with his family due to it being uninhabited and suitable for farming, while others say that it is the name of a tree that was burned to warm up people thousands of years ago.
History
Al Markh is the site of the Dilmun era "Abu Alyawa" spring. Al Markh, along with neighbouring villages Bani Jamra and Duraz, were traditional centres for canvas-making and sail making.
Sister site
Al Markh is also the name of a low sand-covered mound located in the south-west of Bahrain, 6 km south of the village of Zallaq and 1,200 m from the sea. In 1975, a British archaeology team led by Michael Roaf excavated the Al Markh mound, after sherds belonging to the Ubaid era were found in 1971. The expedition resulted in the discovery of 6,896 pieces of flint, mainly in the form of scrapers. Evidence was also obtained from the site that showed that the sea level of Bahrain during the late Neolithic era was much higher than present-day levels by as much as 4 m with some speculating that Al Markh was itself an islet. Potteries found on the site were dated to 3,800 BC. It is assumed by archaeologists that the site did not host permanent settlements but rather, it was occupied seasonally by fishermen and hunters.
The site showed two phases of occupation:
The earlier phase included flint chips and a number of painted potsherds that were dated to be from the late Ubaid or post-Ubaid era. The potteries were used, mended and then reused by inhabitants. Numerous fish bones belonging to the Sparid family were also found, mammal bones were rare onsite. Shellfish, including pearl oysters, were found as well as numerous shallow fire pits that had fish bones in them.
The later phase had little pottery but much more flint than the previous phase. Seafood was still common although a larger fish bones were found. In contrast with the earlier phase, mammal bones belonging to goats, dugongs and hare were found.
References
Further reading
Faroughy, Abbas. The Bahrein Islands (750-1951): A Contribution to the Study of Power Politics in the Persian Gulf page 27. Verry, Fisher & Co. (New York) 1951
Populated places in the Northern Governorate, Bahrain |
"Freek'n You" is a song by American R&B group Jodeci recorded for their third album, The Show, the After Party, the Hotel (1995). The song, released as the album's first single, peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995. Listed by Billboard magazine as one of the best selling singles of 1995, it was certified gold by the RIAA for sales in excess of 600,000 units.
The official remix, produced by Mr. Dalvin, features Raekwon and Ghostface Killah. They performed the remix version live with Jodeci (minus DeVante Swing) during the 200th episode of Showtime at the Apollo in February 1996. It features three models in the video: Veronica Webb, Beverly Peele, and Kara Young.
Critical reception
Steve Baltin from Cash Box wrote, "A slow and grinding tune, the first single from Jodeci’s forthcoming The Show, The After-Party, The Hotel is a guaranteed hit, given the group's past success (lead singer K-Ci Hailey currently has a song on the charts) and the song’s play it safe attitude."
Track listings
Vinyl, 12"
"Freek'n You" (Part 1) - 5:16
"Freek'n You" (Funky Freeky Mix) - 4:19
"Freek'n You" (Radio Edit) - 4:19
"Freek'n You" (P.J.B. 4 Play) - 1:23
"Freek'n You" (Freekstrumental Mix) - 4:01
"Freek'n You" (Freek-A-Pella Mix) - 5:09
CD, maxi-single
"Freek'n You" (Part 1) - 5:16
"Freek'n You" (Funky Freeky Mix) - 4:19
"Freek'n You" (Radio Edit) - 4:19
"Freek'n You" (P.J.B. 4 Play) - 1:23
"Freek'n You" (Freekoustical Mix) - 5:17
"Freek'n You" (Freekstrumental Mix) - 4:01
"Freek'n You" (Freek-A-Pella Mix) - 5:09
Personnel
Information taken from the album's liner notes.
Cedric "K-Ci" Hailey - lead and background vocals
Joel "JoJo" Hailey - lead and background vocals
Mr. Dalvin - lead and background vocals
DeVante Swing - background vocals, guitar, other instruments
Darryl Pearson - additional guitar
DeVante Swing (a.k.a. DeVanté 4HISDAMNSELF ENT.) - production & all vocal arrangements
Andre Harrell - executive producer
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Covers and sampling
The song was remixed by UK garage act Club Asylum in 1998, titled "Freek Me Up". It reached No. 92 on the UK Singles Chart.
The song was sampled in 2015 by British duo Tough Love on their debut single "So Freakin' Tight" as well as Future and Mila J's song "FreakNic".
In 2017, PARTYNEXTDOOR released his EP Colours 2, featuring "Freak in You" which interpolates the song, as well as "Come and Talk to Me" from Jodeci. Drake would go on to remix PARTYNEXTDOOR's "Freak in You" as well.
In 2019, the song was sampled by DJ Khaled in "Freak N You" featuring Lil Wayne and Gunna.
Covers of the song have been performed live by R&B singers including Trey Songz, Ne-Yo and Anthony Hamilton.
Media appearances
The Notorious B.I.G. can be seen singing the beginning of the first verse in a video clip from 1996. The clip is shown in the beginning of the video for "Nasty Girl", a posthumous single released in 2005 from the album Duets: The Final Chapter.
The song was featured in the 2008 video game Grand Theft Auto IV, appearing on the R&B radio station The Vibe 98.8.
The song is also featured on the official soundtrack for the 2015 film Magic Mike XXL.
In a 2015 episode of Black-ish, the song was played
In 2018, the song is used as the first ending theme song for the Golden Wind arc of the JoJo's Bizarre Adventure anime series.
Movie Road Trip
References
External links
1995 singles
Jodeci songs
Music videos directed by Brett Ratner
Song recordings produced by DeVante Swing
Songs written by DeVante Swing
1994 songs
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure songs |
Tony Lesueur (born 19 August 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Regionalliga club Schwarz-Weiß Rehden.
Club career
Lesueur joined the academy of Chambly at the age of six, and moved to the academy of Sochaux nine years later. He returned to Chambly in 2020. Lesueur made his professional debut with Chambly in a 1–0 Ligue 2 loss to Clermont on 13 February 2021.
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Épinay-sur-Seine
Footballers from Seine-Saint-Denis
French men's footballers
French people of Guadeloupean descent
Black French sportspeople
Men's association football midfielders
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
FC Chambly Oise players
BSV Schwarz-Weiß Rehden players
Championnat National 3 players
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National players
Regionalliga players
French expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
French expatriate sportspeople in Germany |
Terence William Evans (born 12 April 1965) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender and made over 530 career appearances. He spent the majority of his career in the Football League with Brentford and Wycombe Wanderers and captained both clubs. He is a member of the Brentford Hall of Fame. After his retirement from football, Evans served as caretaker manager, assistant manager and physiotherapist at Wycombe Wanderers. After leaving football, he worked in physiotherapist roles at a number of rugby union clubs.
Career
Early years
Born in Hammersmith, Evans began his career with Southern League Southern Division club Hillingdon, a period bisected by a spell on non-contract terms with Queens Park Rangers. He made his debut for Hillingdon at age 16.
Brentford
Evans moved into the Football League in July 1985, when he joined Third Division club Brentford for a £5,000 fee. Evans had an uneven beginning to his career at Griffin Park, suffering an injury in a friendly match in February 1986 and making two aborted comebacks, before returning to the club on a regular basis in October 1987 and making 32 appearances during the 1987–88 season. He forged a centre back partnership with Keith Millen and eventually became captain of the club.
Evans made a career-high 62 appearances during the 1988–89 season, a successful campaign in which he missed just one league game and appeared in all 8 matches of Brentford's run to the sixth round of the FA Cup. He was voted the club's Supporters' and Players' Player of the Year for the 1988–89 season and also won both accolades for 1989–90.
Evans' greatest season with Brentford came in 1991–92, when he captained the club to the Third Division title and promotion to the second tier for the first time since 1954. He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year. Evans had a season to forget in the new First Division, succumbing to injury on the opening day against Wolverhampton Wanderers and only regaining fitness for the final 10 games of the season, ending the campaign with relegation straight back to the third tier.
Early in the 1993–94 season, new manager David Webb preferred Jamie Bates and Shane Westley to Evans and Millen as his centre back pairing and Evans chose to depart the club. He made 285 appearances and scored 30 goals during his eight years at Griffin Park. A cult hero, Evans was named as Brentford's all-time fans' favourite, second greatest player and best-ever captain in a Football League 125th anniversary poll in 2013 and he also topped a BBC Sport Brentford fans' cult hero poll in 2005. He was inducted into the Brentford Hall of Fame in August 2014.
Wycombe Wanderers
In August 1993, Evans joined Third Division club Wycombe Wanderers on a six-week loan. He had a difficult debut in a 4–3 victory away to Hereford United on 31 August 1993 and after regaining fitness, his performances led manager Martin O'Neil to sign him on a permanent contract for a £40,000 fee two months later. An injury suffered in a Football League Trophy Southern Area semi-final shootout win over Fulham on 8 February 1994 ruled Evans out for the remainder of the 1993–94 season, though his form prior to the injury was such that he was named in the PFA Team of the Year.
After Wycombe's promotion to the Second Division via the playoffs, Evans returned as captain for the 1994–95 season. He missed just two league games as the Chairboys finished in sixth position, just missing out on a second successive playoff campaign. Evans played on until the end of the 1996–97 season, when he was released by manager John Gregory. Evans made 157 appearances and scored 19 goals during his four seasons at Adams Park.
Kingstonian
Evans dropped into non-League football during the 1997 off-season and joined Isthmian League Premier Division club Kingstonian. His single season at Kingsmeadow Stadium was a successful one, making 51 appearances, scoring three goals and captaining the club to promotion to the Conference as champions.
Physiotherapy career
Evans returned to Wycombe Wanderers in 1998 as the youth team's physiotherapist. Evans stated that his desire to become a physiotherapist was driven by Wycombe's Sports Therapist Dave Jones, who oversaw Evans' management of problems with his right knee, having suffered from a chondral defect and undergone two anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions and a medial cruciate ligament repair during the last three years of his playing career. Evans departed Wycombe Wanderers in March 2004, but returned in 2006 to take up the role of Senior Strength & Conditioning coach. He left to take up a similar role at rugby union club Wasps in 2008 and progressed to become the club's Senior Strength & Conditioning Rehabilitation Specialist and a physiotherapist. He later served in physiotherapy roles at London Welsh and Ealing Trailfinders.
Management and coaching career
While working as Wycombe's youth team physiotherapist, the sacking of first team manager Neil Smillie on 11 January 1999 saw Evans take over the position as caretaker. With morale rock-bottom, Evans took temporary charge for two difficult games against Millwall and Chesterfield that both ended in defeat. He was, however, retained as part of the management team as a coach when Lawrie Sanchez was appointed manager on 5 February 1999.
Personal life
Evans played rugby union as a schoolboy and remarked in 2010 that he may have entered the game had it been professional in England at the time. Evans' son Harry is a taekwondo fighter and won gold medals in the U16 categories in the 2014 ITF World Championship and the 2015 ITF European Championship. Evans worked as a printer while with Hillingdon early in his playing career and after his retirement from football, he worked as a personal trainer and ran a gym in between his two backroom roles with Wycombe Wanderers.
Career statistics
Honours
Brentford
Football League Third Division: 1991–92
Wycombe Wanderers
Football League Third Division play-offs: 1994
Kingstonian
Isthmian League Premier Division: 1997–98
Individual
Brentford Supporters' Player of the Year: 1988–89, 1989–90
Brentford Players' Player of the Year: 1988–89, 1989–90
Brentford Hall of Fame
Football League Third Division PFA Team of the Year: 1991–92, 1993–94
References
Notes
External links
1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Hammersmith
English men's footballers
Hillingdon Borough F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Kingstonian F.C. players
English Football League players
Isthmian League players
English Football League managers
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. managers
Men's association football central defenders
English football managers |
```c++
#define SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON 1
#include <sol/sol.hpp>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "=== override-able member functions ==="
<< std::endl;
struct thingy {
sol::function paint;
thingy(sol::this_state L)
: paint(sol::make_reference<sol::function>(
L.lua_state(), &thingy::default_paint)) {
}
void default_paint() {
std::cout << "p" << std::endl;
}
};
sol::state lua;
lua.open_libraries(sol::lib::base);
lua.new_usertype<thingy>("thingy",
sol::constructors<thingy(sol::this_state)>(),
"paint",
&thingy::paint);
sol::string_view code = R"(
obj = thingy.new()
obj:paint()
obj.paint = function (self) print("g") end
obj:paint()
function obj:paint () print("s") end
obj:paint()
)";
lua.safe_script(code);
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
``` |
Michael Corcoran (born December 9, 1972), known professionally as Backhouse Mike or Ken Lofkoll, is an American record producer, composer, and musician. He has composed songs for Nickelodeon's Drake & Josh, iCarly, Victorious, The Troop, Sam & Cat and Henry Danger, Disney Channel's Shake It Up and Liv and Maddie, Netflix's The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show, and VH1's Hit the Floor.
Career
From around 2003 to early 2010 he was a member of Drake Bell's band. His band Backhouse Mike, which consisted of lead singer and guitarist Jon Seminara, bassist John Charles Meyer, and keyboardist Kimberly Barnett appeared in the iCarly episode "iAm Your Biggest Fan" and the final episode of Zoey 101, "Chasing Zoey", using the name Backflesh. The band's song "Take Me Back" appears on the iCarly soundtrack.
Personal life
On August 8, 2020, Corcoran married actress Elizabeth Gillies at a private ceremony in New Jersey after the pair began dating in late 2012, having met each other on the Nickelodeon show Victorious.
Discography
Production discography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
American male singer-songwriters
Living people
Singers from Los Angeles
Singer-songwriters from California
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American male singers
1972 births |
Doubek is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
References
External links
Villages in Prague-East District |
Kila is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Flathead County, Montana, United States. Its population was 424 as of the 2020 census. Kila has a post office with ZIP code 59920, which opened on May 27, 1901. The community is located along U.S. Route 2, 10 miles from Kalispell.
Originally called Sedan by the Great Northern Railway when homesteaders settled the area in 1892, the name was changed after William Kiley when Kiley filed for a post office in 1901. The town was platted in 1914.
Demographics
Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kila has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.
Education
The Kila School District educates students in the area.
References
Census-designated places in Flathead County, Montana
Census-designated places in Montana
Unincorporated communities in Montana
Unincorporated communities in Flathead County, Montana |
```c
/*====================================================================*
-
- Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- are met:
- 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
- disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
- provided with the distribution.
-
- THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
- CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
- EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
- PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
- PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
- OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
- NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
- SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*====================================================================*/
/*
* recog_bootnum.c
*
* This does two things:
*
* (1) It makes bootnum1.pa and bootnum2.pa from stored labelled data.
*
* (2) Using these, as well as bootnum3.pa, it makes code for
* generating and compiling the the pixas, which are used by the
* boot digit recognizer.
* The output of the code generator is files such as autogen_101.*.
* These files have been edited to combine the .c and .h files into
* a single .c file:
* autogen_101.* --> src/bootnumgen1.c
* autogen_102.* --> src/bootnumgen2.c
* autogen_103.* --> src/bootnumgen3.c
*
* To add another set of templates to bootnumgen1.c:
* (a) Add a new .pa file: prog/recog/digits/digit_setN.pa (N > 15)
* (b) Add code to MakeBootnum1() for this set, selecting with the
* string those templates you want to use.
* (c) Run recog_bootnum.
* * This makes a new /tmp/lept/recog/digits/bootnum1.pa.
* Replace prog/recog/digits/bootnum1.pa with this.
* * This makes new files: /tmp/lept/auto/autogen.101.{h,c}.
* The .h file is the only one we need to use.
* Replace the encoded string in src/bootnumgen1.c with the
* one in autogen.101.h, and recompile.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config_auto.h>
#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
#include "allheaders.h"
#include "bmfdata.h"
static PIXA *MakeBootnum1(void);
static PIXA *MakeBootnum2(void);
l_int32 main(int argc,
char **argv)
{
PIX *pix1;
PIXA *pixa1, *pixa2, *pixa3;
L_STRCODE *strc;
if (argc != 1) {
lept_stderr(" Syntax: recog_bootnum\n");
return 1;
}
setLeptDebugOK(1);
lept_mkdir("lept/recog/digits");
/* ----------------------- Bootnum 1 --------------------- */
/* Make the bootnum pixa from the images */
pixa1 = MakeBootnum1();
pixaWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/digits/bootnum1.pa", pixa1);
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa1, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
pixDisplay(pix1, 100, 0);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
/* Generate the code to make the bootnum1 pixa.
* Note: the actual code we use is in bootnumgen1.c, and
* has already been compiled into the library. */
strc = strcodeCreate(101); /* arbitrary integer */
strcodeGenerate(strc, "/tmp/lept/recog/digits/bootnum1.pa", "PIXA");
strcodeFinalize(&strc, "/tmp/lept/auto");
lept_free(strc);
/* Generate the bootnum1 pixa from the generated code */
pixa1 = l_bootnum_gen1();
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa1, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
/* pix1 = pixaDisplayTiled(pixa1, 1500, 0, 30); */
pixDisplay(pix1, 100, 0);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
/* Extend the bootnum1 pixa by erosion */
pixa3 = pixaExtendByMorph(pixa1, L_MORPH_ERODE, 2, NULL, 1);
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa3, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
pixDisplay(pix1, 100, 0);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa3);
/* ----------------------- Bootnum 2 --------------------- */
/* Read bootnum 2 */
pixa2 = pixaRead("recog/digits/bootnum2.pa");
pixaWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/digits/bootnum2.pa", pixa2);
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa2, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
pixDisplay(pix1, 100, 700);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
/* Generate the code to make the bootnum2 pixa.
* Note: the actual code we use is in bootnumgen2.c. */
strc = strcodeCreate(102); /* another arbitrary integer */
strcodeGenerate(strc, "/tmp/lept/recog/digits/bootnum2.pa", "PIXA");
strcodeFinalize(&strc, "/tmp/lept/auto");
lept_free(strc);
/* Generate the bootnum2 pixa from the generated code */
pixa2 = l_bootnum_gen2();
/* pix1 = pixaDisplayTiled(pixa2, 1500, 0, 30); */
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa2, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
pixDisplay(pix1, 100, 700);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
/* ----------------------- Bootnum 3 --------------------- */
/* Read bootnum 3 */
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/bootnum3.pa");
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa1, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
pixDisplay(pix1, 1000, 0);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
/* Generate the code that, when deserializes, gives you bootnum3.pa.
* Note: the actual code we use is in bootnumgen3.c, and
* has already been compiled into the library. */
strc = strcodeCreate(103); /* arbitrary integer */
strcodeGenerate(strc, "recog/digits/bootnum3.pa", "PIXA");
strcodeFinalize(&strc, "/tmp/lept/auto");
lept_free(strc);
/* Generate the bootnum3 pixa from the generated code */
pixa1 = l_bootnum_gen3();
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa1, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
pixDisplay(pix1, 1000, 0);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
/* Extend the bootnum3 pixa twice by erosion */
pixa3 = pixaExtendByMorph(pixa1, L_MORPH_ERODE, 2, NULL, 1);
pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledWithText(pixa3, 1500, 1.0, 10, 2, 6, 0xff000000);
pixDisplay(pix1, 1000, 0);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa3);
#if 0
pixa1 = l_bootnum_gen1();
/* pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/bootnum1.pa"); */
pixaWrite("/tmp/lept/junk.pa", pixa1);
pixa2 = pixaRead("/tmp/lept/junk.pa");
pixaWrite("/tmp/lept/junk1.pa", pixa2);
pixa3 = pixaRead("/tmp/lept/junk1.pa");
n = pixaGetCount(pixa3);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
pix = pixaGetPix(pixa3, i, L_CLONE);
lept_stderr("i = %d, text = %s\n", i, pixGetText(pix));
pixDestroy(&pix);
}
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixaDestroy(&pixa3);
#endif
return 0;
}
PIXA *MakeBootnum1(void)
{
const char *str;
PIXA *pixa1, *pixa2, *pixa3;
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set02.pa");
str = "10, 27, 35, 45, 48, 74, 79, 97, 119, 124, 148";
pixa3 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set03.pa");
str = "2, 15, 30, 50, 60, 75, 95, 105, 121, 135";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set05.pa");
str = "0, 15, 30, 49, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set06.pa");
str = "4, 15, 30, 48, 60, 78, 90, 105, 120, 135";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set07.pa");
str = "3, 15, 30, 45, 60, 77, 78, 91, 105, 120, 149";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set08.pa");
str = "0, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 106, 121, 135";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set09.pa");
str = "0, 20, 32, 47, 54, 63, 75, 91, 105, 125, 136";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set11.pa");
str = "0, 15, 36, 46, 62, 63, 76, 91, 106, 123, 135";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set12.pa");
str = "1, 20, 31, 45, 61, 75, 95, 107, 120, 135";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set13.pa");
str = "1, 16, 31, 48, 63, 78, 98, 105, 123, 136";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set14.pa");
str = "1, 14, 24, 37, 53, 62, 74, 83, 98, 114";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixa1 = pixaRead("recog/digits/digit_set15.pa");
str = "0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 13, 25, 35";
pixa2 = pixaSelectWithString(pixa1, str, NULL);
pixaJoin(pixa3, pixa2, 0, -1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
return pixa3;
}
PIXA *MakeBootnum2(void)
{
char *fname;
l_int32 i, n, w, h;
BOX *box;
PIX *pix;
PIXA *pixa;
L_RECOG *recog;
SARRAY *sa;
/* Phase 1: generate recog from the digit data */
recog = recogCreate(0, 40, 0, 128, 1);
sa = getSortedPathnamesInDirectory("recog/bootnums", "png", 0, 0);
n = sarrayGetCount(sa);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
/* Read each pix: grayscale, multi-character, labelled */
fname = sarrayGetString(sa, i, L_NOCOPY);
if ((pix = pixRead(fname)) == NULL) {
lept_stderr("Can't read %s\n", fname);
continue;
}
/* Convert to a set of 1 bpp, single character, labelled */
pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, NULL);
box = boxCreate(0, 0, w, h);
recogTrainLabeled(recog, pix, box, NULL, 0);
pixDestroy(&pix);
boxDestroy(&box);
}
recogTrainingFinished(&recog, 1, -1, -1.0);
sarrayDestroy(&sa);
/* Phase 2: generate pixa consisting of 1 bpp, single character pix */
pixa = recogExtractPixa(recog);
pixaWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/digits/bootnum2.pa", pixa);
recogDestroy(&recog);
return pixa;
}
``` |
Charles Richard Dierkop (born September 11, 1936) is an American character actor. He is most recognized for his supporting roles in the films Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) and The Sting (1973) and the television series Police Woman (1974-1978).
Early years
Dierkop was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and attended Aquinas High School in La Crosse. He was raised by his aunt and uncle after his father left when Dierkop was an infant and his mother "left home when he was still a tot".
Military service
Dierkop dropped out of high school after his junior year and enlisted in the U.S. Marines. He served in Korea after the Korean War had ended and was discharged from the Marine Corps at age 19. Upon his return, he lived with his mother in Philadelphia, and with the help of the G.I. Bill, he enrolled in the American Foundation of Dramatic Arts in Philadelphia.
Career
Dierkop is a lifetime member of the Actors Studio. His first role as a professional actor was in television's Naked City.
He was cast in two George Roy Hill films, and played an outlaw both times — as "Flat Nose Curry" in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), he played a member of the Hole in the Wall Gang, and as "Floyd" in The Sting (1973), he acted as a bodyguard with Lee Paul to Robert Shaw's New York gangster/griftee, Doyle Lonnegan. He is best known for playing Detective Pete Royster on the television series Police Woman between 1974 and 1978.
Dierkop appears briefly in the music video of "Man on the Moon", a hit song by the American alternative rock band R.E.M.
Personal life
Dierkop was married to Joan Addis from 1958 to 1974. They have a daughter and a son.
Partial filmography
1961 Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea as pilot of the Seaview (uncredited)
1961 The Hustler as pool room hood (uncredited)
1964 The Pawnbroker as Robinson
1967 Gunn as Lazlo Joyce
1967 The St. Valentine's Day Massacre as Salvanti
1968 The Sweet Ride as Mr. Clean
1969 The Thousand Plane Raid as Railla
1969 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as George "Flat-Nose" Curry
1970 Pound as Airdale
1971 Angels Hard as They Come as General
1972 Night of the Cobra Woman
1972 The Hot Box as Garcia, the Journalist/Major Dubay
1973 Messiah of Evil as the gas attendant
1973 The Student Teachers
1973 The Sting as Floyd
1977 Captains Courageous as Tom Platt
1979 Star Virgin as Igor
1981 Texas Lightning as Walt
1984 Silent Night, Deadly Night as the Killer Santa
1985 The Fix as Hawkeye
1987 Savage Harbor as Boat Gunman
1987 Code Name Zebra as "Crazy"
1987 Banzai Runner as Traven
1988 Grotesque as Matson
1988 Messenger of Death as Orville Beecham
1989 Spies and Lovers as Ben "Biker Ben"
1989 Blood Red as Cooper
1989 Liberty & Bash as Mr. B
1990 Eternity as the video editor
1990 Nerds of a Feather Ben "Biker Ben"
1990 Under Crystal Lake
1992 Roots of Evil as Collins
1994 Maverick as Riverboat Poker Player (uncredited)
1994 Reverse Heaven as bank robber
1996 Too Fast Too Young as businessman
1998 Merchants of Venus as Carl
1998 Invisible Dad as Mr. Weiderman
2000 Superguy: Behind the Cape as Sam Trent
2005 Murder on the Yellow Brick Road as Redwood
2006 Mystery Woman: Wild West Mystery (TV movie) as Zeke Foster
2008 Chinaman's Chance: America's Other Slaves as Dr. Sawyer
2009 Forget Me Not as Pete, the Foreman
2016 The Midnighters as Louie
Television credits
The Naked City (1960-1962) - Arrest Suspect / Boy who Gets Beaten Up / Tow Truck Driver / Shag's Friend / Hungarian in Rail Yard / Hood / Registered Mail Clerk / Hood #1 (uncredited)
Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1965) - Left-Handed Man
Lost in Space (1965) - Horned Mutant (uncredited)
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1966) - Adolph
Gunsmoke (1966) - Silvee
The Andy Griffith Show (1966) - Larry
Star Trek (1967, episode: Wolf in the Fold) - Morla
Batman (1968) - Dustbag (uncredited)
Adam-12 (1968) - Janney
Lancer (1968-1970) - Walters / Bleaker / Harris
Bonanza (1969-1972) - Shorty / Nicholson / Sawyer
The High Chaparral (1970) - Slim
Land of the Giants (1970) - Arthur Kamber
Bearcats! (1971, in episode 9, "Bitter Flats") - Pistolero
Love, American Style (1971) - Gus (segment "Love and the Eyewitness")
Mission: Impossible (1972) - Richie
Alias Smith and Jones (1971-1973) - Clayton Crewes / Poker Player / Shields
Kung Fu (1973) - Traphagen
Mannix (1969-1973) - Frank / Makuta / John Marrish
Gunsmoke (1966-1973) - Traphagen
Kojak (1974) - DeLuca
Police Story (1973-1974) - Royster / Dave Rawlins
Cannon (1971-1974) - Eddie Main / Keegan
Police Woman (1974-1978) - Det. Pete Royster
Vega$ (1978) - Lenny
The Deerslayer (1978, TV Movie) - Hurry Harry March
CHiPs (1980) - Mouse
Fantasy Island (1980-1982) - Vinnie Avalon / Harry 'Weasel' Forbes
Matt Houston (1983-1984) - Viney / Choo Choo
The Fall Guy (1983-1985) - Mack Doyle / Arden
Simon & Simon (1986-1988) - Al Pacheco / Jerry Sappman
MacGyver (1991) - Mo Nimitz
Further reading
Aquinas News, Aquinas High School, La Crosse, Wisconsin, September 18, 1975, vol. 45, no. 2, pg. 1, "Former Aquinite is TV Star"
Aquinas News, Aquinas High School, La Crosse, Wisconsin, September 2, 1978, Special 50th Anniversary edition, pg. 12, "Former Aquinite has his name in lights", Sue Schmidt, class of 1978.
References
External links
1936 births
Living people
Actors Studio alumni
American male film actors
American male television actors
Aquinas High School (La Crosse, Wisconsin) alumni
Male actors from Wisconsin
Military personnel from Wisconsin
People from La Crosse, Wisconsin
20th-century American male actors |
The Chronicle of the Morea () is a long 14th-century history text, of which four versions are extant: in French, Greek (in verse), Italian and Aragonese. More than 9,000 lines long, the Chronicle narrates events of the Franks' establishment of feudalism in mainland Greece. West European Crusaders settled in the Peloponnese (called Morea at the time) following the Fourth Crusade. The period covered in the Chronicle was 1204 to 1292 (or later, depending on the version). It gives significant details on the civic organization of the Principality of Achaia.
The extant texts of the Chronicle of the Morea
The Greek text is the only text written in verse. The French, Italian and Aragonese texts are written in prose.
Greek text
The verses of the Greek text are written in a 15-syllable political verse. The verses are accented but not rhymed. It is written in the spoken Greek of the time, with the inclusion of several French words.
There are two parallel Greek texts, as well as three copies:
Ms Havniensis 57 (14th–15th century, in Copenhagen) 9219 verses
Ms Taurinensis B.II.I, library of Turin, closely related to the Copenhagen text
Ms Parisinus graecus 2898 (15th–16th century, at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris) 8191 verses
Ms Parisinus graecus 2753 and
Ms Bern 509 grec, both copies of the Paris version.
The oldest text is that held in Copenhagen, the language of which is more archaic. The Parisian, more recent, text is simpler in language and has fewer foreign words. The transcriber omitted several anti-Hellenic references, so the overall text expressed less contempt of Greeks.
The difference of about one century between the Copenhagen and Parisian version shows a considerable number of linguistic differences due to the rapid evolution of the Greek language. The text of the Copenhagen version describes events until 1292.
French text
Royal Library of Belgium No 15702
This text is known under the title: "The Book of the Conquest of Constantinople and
the Empire of Roumania and the country of the Principality of Morea", since in the incipit, it is indicated "C'est le livre de la conqueste de Constantinople et de l'empire de Romanie, et dou pays de la princée de la Morée"
Information in this text reaches until the year 1304.
Italian text
Cronaca di Morea, is a summary that was compiled later than the previous texts and contains several mistakes. Its source is the text found in the Greek manuscript held in Turin.
Aragonese text
Libro de los fechos et conquistas del principado de la Morea, was compiled at the end of the 14th century, in 1393, from the Greek version and other later sources, at the request of the Grand Master Jean Fernandez de Heredia of the Knights of St. John. It covers events to 1393.
Which text is the original? Which version came out first?
It appears that the original text of the Chronicle of the Morea has been lost. Although the Aragonese and Italian texts have been clearly identified as later texts, there is no widely accepted consensus on the priority of the Greek or French text.
The Author
The author of the original text of the chronicle appears to be a Franc or a gasmoule (a French-Greek, born from a mixed French-Greek marriage, the word seems to have an etymology from garçon (boy) and mule). He appeared to admire the Franks (Crusaders) and have contempt of the local population and the Roman Empire. Notably, the author respects the citizenship of the Byzantine Greeks, calling them Romans (Ρωμαῖοι) (especially in verses 1720–1738).
The significance of the Chronicle
The Chronicle is famous in spite of certain historical inaccuracies because of its lively description of life in the feudal community and because of the character of the language which reflects the rapid transition from Medieval to Modern Greek.
Polet explains that since the author admired the Franks and had contempt for the Byzantine culture, the Chronicle of Morea did not become part of popular culture and history after the Franks left the Peloponnese.
Numerous administrative laws and practices of the Principality of Achaia are mentioned in the Chronicle, making it a significant source on the Frankish period in Greece.
Language of the Chronicle
Since the year of the Fall of Constantinople, 1453, marks the symbolic boundary between Medieval and Modern Greek, the Chronicle of the Morea is generally classified under Medieval Greek. However, the Chronicle of the Morea, along with the Ptochoprodromic poems and acritic songs are considered as the beginnings of modern Greek literature. They are classified as part of both "Byzantine / medieval vernacular" and "(early) modern Greek" literature.
The first editions in print
The first printed edition of the Chronicle was published in 1840 by J.A. Buchon. It contained the Greek text from Paris.
Buchon named the book Βιβλίον της κουγκέστας του Μωραίως (Book of the conquest of Morea), a different title than the text. The second printed edition of the Chronicle was that of the Greek text from Copenhagen, published by Buchon in 1845. In 1889 John Schmitt published both texts of the Copenhagen and Paris manuscripts side by side.
Translations
A 1964 translation of the Greek text by Harold E. Lurier.
The first text
The book begins with a prologue of 1302 verses. The first three verses are:
I will tell a tale to thee rehearse, a tale of import mighty
And if attention you do lend, I hope the tale will please you
T'is how the Frank by arms did gain the realm of fair Morea
Notes
References
The original Greek text of the Chronicle of Morea
Crusaders as Conquerors: the Chronicle of Morea translated from the Greek with notes and introduction by Harold E. Lurier, Columbia University Press, 1964. .
Peter Topping, Review of H.E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors: the Chronicle of Morea, in Speculum, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Oct 1965), pp. 737–742.
Shawcross, C. Teresa, The Chronicle of Morea: Historiography in Crusader Greece (Oxford, OUP, 2009) (Oxford Studies in Byzantium).
Further reading
H. F. Tozer, "The Franks in the Peloponnese", Journal of Hellenic Studies, 4 (1883), pp. 165–236
13th-century history books
Crusade chronicles
Morea
Morea
Morea
Medieval Peloponnese
Works about Greek history |
```python
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
# OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION). HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
# OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
# ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
from . import Pmod
from . import PMOD_GROVE_G3
from . import PMOD_GROVE_G4
__author__ = "Marco Rabozzi, Luca Cerina, Giuseppe Natale"
PMOD_GROVE_DLIGHT_PROGRAM = "pmod_grove_dlight.bin"
CONFIG_IOP_SWITCH = 0x1
GET_LIGHT_VALUE = 0x3
GET_LUX_VALUE = 0x5
class Grove_Dlight(object):
"""This class controls the Grove IIC color sensor.
Grove Color sensor based on the TCS3414CS.
Hardware version: v1.3.
Attributes
----------
microblaze : Pmod
Microblaze processor instance used by this module.
"""
def __init__(self, mb_info, gr_pin):
"""Return a new instance of an Grove_Dlight object.
Parameters
----------
mb_info : dict
A dictionary storing Microblaze information, such as the
IP name and the reset name.
gr_pin: list
A group of pins on pmod-grove adapter.
"""
if gr_pin not in [PMOD_GROVE_G3,
PMOD_GROVE_G4]:
raise ValueError("Group number can only be G3 - G4.")
self.microblaze = Pmod(mb_info, PMOD_GROVE_DLIGHT_PROGRAM)
self.microblaze.write_mailbox(0, gr_pin)
self.microblaze.write_blocking_command(CONFIG_IOP_SWITCH)
def read_raw_light(self):
"""Read the visible and IR channel values.
Read the values from the grove digital light peripheral.
Returns
-------
tuple
A tuple containing 2 integer values ch0 (visible) and ch1 (IR).
"""
self.microblaze.write_blocking_command(GET_LIGHT_VALUE)
ch0, ch1 = self.microblaze.read_mailbox(0, 2)
return ch0, ch1
def read_lux(self):
"""Read the computed lux value of the sensor.
Returns
-------
int
The lux value from the sensor
"""
self.microblaze.write_blocking_command(GET_LUX_VALUE)
lux = self.microblaze.read_mailbox(0x8)
return lux
``` |
Lisa Vultaggio is a Canadian former actress. She is best known for her role as Hannah Scott on General Hospital.
Personal life
Vultaggio was born in Vancouver, British Columbia of Italian descent. She was inspired to take up acting after watching Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet. She studied at the Breck Academy in Vancouver.
In 1999, she met actor Jonathan Jackson on the set of General Hospital. They married on June 21, 2002. They have three children: Caleb (born June 21, 2003), Adora (born in the summer of 2005), and Titus Gabriel (born October 7, 2010).
Career
Her first acting role was in an episode of Street Justice, soon followed by an appearance in Working It Out at Madison, a Canadian series filmed between 1991 and 1993 which was intended to be a learning aid for teenagers when it came to handling the pressures of TV life. Her first film appearance was in the television film Mortal Sins, alongside Christopher Reeve. She landed a string of television roles, making guest appearances in The X-Files, Millennium, and Highlander, among others. She also pursued a career in singing, and after five years of training landed a record deal in Vancouver. However, she canceled this after making a decision to move to Los Angeles in order to further her acting career.
In 1998, she auditioned for the character of Raquel Dion Santos in the soap opera All My Children. She failed to get the part, but just four months later landed the role of Hannah in General Hospital.
Filmography
1991: Street Justice as Cristina Valens (1 episode)
1992: A Killer Among Friends as Susan title
1992: Mortal Sins as Nina Croce
1992: Neon Rider as Callie (1 episode)
1993: The Commish as Raquel (1 episode)
1993: For the Love of My Child: The Anissa Ayala Story as Jennie
1993: Highlander as Carmen
1993: Madison as Jenna (2 episodes)
1994: Highlander as Elda Gutierrez
1994: Green Dolphin Beat as Carmen
1994: The X-Files as Elizabeth 'Liz' Hawley (episode: "Beyond the Sea")
1995: Lonesome Dove: The Outlaw Years as Fiona (2 episodes)
1995: Murder, She Wrote as Adrianna Bonelli (1 episode)
1996: Millennium as Janice Sterling (1 episode)
1997: Two as Linda van Manen (1 episode)
1999-2001: General Hospital as Hannah Scott
References
External links
"Jonathan Jackson, Wife Expecting Baby No. 3", People Magazine, 2 April 2010. Retrieved on 2010-04-02.
Year of birth missing (living people)
Actresses from Vancouver
Canadian people of Italian descent
Canadian television actresses
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Living people |
Edward Alexander McCourt (October 10, 1907 – January 6, 1972) was a Canadian writer.
Born in Mullingar, Ireland, McCourt's family emigrated to Kitscoty, Alberta when he was two years old. He was educated at the University of Alberta, becoming a Rhodes Scholar at Merton College, Oxford, and earned an MA from Oxford University. Returning to Canada, he worked at Upper Canada College, Queen's University and the University of New Brunswick before joining the faculty of the University of Saskatchewan in 1944.
McCourt published five novels—Music at the Close (1947), Home Is the Stranger (1950), The Wooden Sword (1956), Walk Through the Valley (1958) and Fasting Friar (1963). His non-fiction titles included The Canadian West in Fiction (1949), a critical analysis of regional literature from the Canadian Prairies, Revolt in the West (1958), about the North-West Rebellion, and Remembering Butler (1967), a biography of Sir William Butler, as well as works of travel writing.
Music at the Close won the Ryerson Fiction Award in 1947, and was republished by the New Canadian Library in 1972.
McCourt died on January 6, 1972.
References
Theme and form in the novels of Edward A. McCourt, by Neil Graham, Thesis M. A., University of Windsor, 1968 (with a bibliography)
1907 births
1972 deaths
20th-century Canadian novelists
Canadian male novelists
Canadian literary critics
Canadian male biographers
Canadian travel writers
Canadian Rhodes Scholars
Irish emigrants to Canada
Academic staff of the University of Saskatchewan
Writers from Saskatchewan
Writers from Alberta
People from Mullingar
20th-century Canadian biographers
20th-century Canadian male writers
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford |
```c++
/*=============================================================================
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
==============================================================================*/
#if !defined(FUSION_INCLUDE_MPL)
#define FUSION_INCLUDE_MPL
#include <boost/fusion/support/config.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/adapted/mpl.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/mpl.hpp>
#endif
``` |
Le SuperClub Vidéotron Ltée, which includes the Jumbo Video and Microplay chains, is a Canadian brand of franchised video stores. It is owned by Quebecor Media, with operations concentrated in Quebec. It was the largest video store chain operator in Canada, maintaining corporate-owned stores until 2018. , the brand franchises a total of 14 stores: two SuperClub, two Jumbo Video and ten Microplay stores.
History
In 2004, SuperClub took over the Jumbo Video and Microplay franchises. Jumbo Video operates 17 video rental locations nationwide, while Microplay focuses primarily on video games, but also rents and sells movies. The Microplay name has recently appeared on a number of in-store boutiques at SuperClub locations throughout Quebec. In 2006, most Rogers Video stores in Quebec were closed or converted to Le SuperClub Vidéotron. There are currently 69 Microplay locations and the vast majority of them are co-located with SuperClub locations in Quebec.
As of August 2005, the chain operated more than 185 locations through Quebec under the SuperClub brand. They also have locations in Edmundston, New Brunswick, and Rockland, Ontario. They had also opened locations in Moncton and Fredericton. Those stores were eventually bought out by Rogers and converted into Rogers Video stores.
Their location in Square One Shopping Centre was recently closed down along with many other stores, including Cavendish Mall in Côte Saint-Luc as well as Kirkland, Quebec, Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Beaconsfield, Quebec as well as in Montreal's Pierrefonds-Roxboro borough. They also closed their location in Hawkesbury, Ontario.
Their head office was located in the city of Montreal's Saint-Léonard borough.
Subsidiaries
Microplay
Microplay founder Bill Pearce originally established a shop on Bank Street named Gamer Video in 1981, which rented Atari and Intellivision games; it was one of the first Canadian businesses to rent video game cartridges. Gamer Video was destroyed in a fire in 1983. In 1986, Pearce and childhood friend Mason Copeland opened Microplay. At that time, Pearce and Copeland made weekly trips to the United States to avoid high markups charged by Canadian video game distributors. The store had two locations in Ottawa and one in Toronto by April 1989, and also acted as a supplier to 25 Canadian video game stores. Microplay began franchising in June 1993, expanding to 28 stores, and became regarded as Canada's leading video game specialty chain. Microplay's first United States location opened in Bradenton, Florida in July 1994. By December 1994, Microplay was operating 120 franchisees along with six corporate-owned stores.
Locations
, Le SuperClub Vidéotron listed the following locations as movie rental stores:
Aylmer
Boucherville
Buckingham
Cap-de-la-Madeleine
Charlesbourg
Fabreville
Gréber
Greenfield Park
Île-Perrot
Jonquière
L'Assomption
Lachine
Lafontaine
La Plaine
Lavaltrie
Mascouche
Mont-Laurier
Pointe-aux-Trembles
Roland-Therrien
Saint-Antoine
Saint-Constant
Saint-Eustache
Saint-Hubert
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Saint-Lin
Saint-Luc
Saint-Nicolas
Saint-Romuald
Victoriaville
indicates current Le Superclub Vidéotron locations. Both are affiliated with Club Vidéo Flash.
indicates former Le Superclub Vidéotron locations affiliated with Club Vidéo Flash.
Logos
References
External links
Superclub Vidéotron / Jumbo Video website
Club Vidéo Flash (features four Le Superclub Vidéotron locations)
Microplay website
1989 establishments in Quebec
Companies based in Montreal
Quebecor
Retail companies established in 1989
Video rental services of Canada |
Sternford Moyo is a Zimbabwean lawyer serving as the current president of International Bar Association. Upon his assumption to the IBA presidium, Sternford became the first person of African descent to lead the organization in its 74 years of existence.
Sternford is the Senior Partner and Chairman of one of Zimbabwe's oldest and largest law firms, Scanlen & Holderness, a firm which he joined in 1981. He is also widely regarded as one of the leading corporate and commercial lawyers in Southern Africa.
In addition, he is a former President of both the Law Society of Zimbabwe and the Southern African Development Community Lawyers' Association, Co-Chairperson of the Human Rights Institute of the International Bar Association, Chairman of Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited - a leading commercial bank in Zimbabwe which is a member of the Standard Bank group, Chairman of Schweppes Zimbabwe Limited, Chairman of the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority and Director of several companies including Alpha Media Holdings Limited, one of the largest and most diversified media companies and Portland Holdings Limited, one of the largest cement companies in Zimbabwe.
Biography
Moyo was the Bar leader in Zimbabwe and Southern Africa, as well as Corporate leader in mining, and leadership development. He has been chosen by the United States Information Services to participate in a program which familiarizes young African leaders with the American legal system and its roots. He enrolled a media advocacy course in Oxford University.
References
20th-century Zimbabwean lawyers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Zimbabwean lawyers |
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge could last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.
European and North American truss bridges
Typically, covered bridges are structures with longitudinal timber-trusses which form the bridge's backbone. Some were built as railway bridges, using very heavy timbers and doubled up lattice work.
In Canada and the U.S., numerous timber covered bridges were built in the late 1700s to the late 1800s, reminiscent of earlier designs in Germany and Switzerland. They tend to be in isolated places, making them vulnerable to vandalism and arson.
Europe
The oldest surviving truss bridge in the world is the Kapellbrücke in Switzerland, first built in the 1300s. Modern-style timber truss bridges were pioneered in Switzerland in the mid-1700s.
Germany has 70 surviving historic wooden covered bridges.
The Holzbrücke Bad Säckingen spans the river Rhine from Bad Säckingen, Germany, to Stein, Switzerland. It was first built before 1272, and has been destroyed and rebuilt many times.
Switzerland has many timber covered bridges, including Kapellbrücke, Spreuer Bridge, and Neubrügg.
The Ponte Coperto in Pavia is a stone and brick arch bridge over the Ticino River in Pavia, Italy. The previous bridge, dating from 1354 (itself a replacement for a Roman construction), was heavily damaged by Allied action in 1945. A debate on whether to fix or replace the bridge ended when the bridge partially collapsed in 1947, requiring new construction, which began in 1949.
North America
Most bridges were built to cross streams, and the majority had just a single span. Virtually all contained a single lane. A few two-lane bridges were built, having a third, central truss.
Many different truss designs were used. One of the most popular designs was the Burr Truss, patented in 1817, which used an arch to bear the load, while the trusses kept the bridge rigid. Other designs included the King, Queen, Lattice, and Howe trusses.
Early trusses were designed with only a rough understanding of the engineering dynamics at work. In 1847, American engineer Squire Whipple published the first correct analysis of the precise ways that a load is carried through the components of a truss, which enabled him to design stronger bridges with fewer materials.
United States
About 14,000 covered bridges have been built in the United States, mostly in the years 1825 to 1875. The first documented was the Permanent Bridge, completed in 1805 to span the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. However, most other early examples of covered bridges do not appear until the 1820s. Extant bridges from that decade include New York's Hyde Hall Bridge and Pennsylvania's Hassenplug Bridge, both built in 1825, and the Haverhill–Bath Covered Bridge and the Roberts Covered Bridge, in New Hampshire and Ohio respectively, both built in 1829.
The longest covered bridge ever built was constructed in 1814 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and spanned over a mile in length, but was destroyed by ice and flooding in 1832. The longest, historical covered bridges remaining in the United States are the Cornish–Windsor Bridge, spanning the Connecticut River between New Hampshire and Vermont, and Medora Bridge, spanning the East Fork of the White River in Indiana. Both lay some claim to the superlative depending upon how the length is measured.
In the mid-1800s, the development of cheaper wrought iron and cast iron led to metal rather than timber trusses. Metal structures did not need protection from the elements, so they no longer needed to be covered. The bridges also became obsolete because most were single-lane, had low width and height clearances, and could not support the heavy loads of modern traffic.
, there were about 750 left, mostly in eastern and northern states. The 2021 World Guide to Covered Bridges lists 840 covered bridges it the U.S., although it states that only 670 of those were standing when the 1959 edition was published. The tallest (35 feet high), built in 1892, is the Felton Covered Bridge, just north of Santa Cruz, California.
Canada
Between 1969 and 2015, the number of surviving covered bridges in Canada declined from about 400 to under 200.
In 1900, Quebec had an estimated 1,000 covered bridges. Relative to the rest of North America, Quebec was late in building covered bridges, with the busiest decade for construction being the 1930s. Initially, the designs were varied, but around 1905, the design was standardised to the Town québécois, a variant on the lattice truss patented by Ithiel Town in 1820. The designer is unknown. About 500 of these were built in the first half of the 1900s. They were often built by local settlers using local materials, according to standard plans. The last agricultural colony was founded in 1948, and the last bridge was built by the Ministry of Colonisation in 1958 in Lebel-sur-Quévillon. There are now 82 covered bridges in Quebec, Transports Québec including the Félix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge, the province's longest covered bridge. In Quebec covered bridges were sometimes known as pont rouges (red bridges) because of their typical colour.
Like Quebec, New Brunswick continued to build covered bridges into the 1950s, peaking at about 400 covered bridges. These mostly used the Howe, Town, and Burr trusses. Today, there are 58 covered bridges in New Brunswick, including the world's longest, the Hartland Bridge.
Ontario has just one remaining covered bridge, the West Montrose Covered Bridge.
Roofed bridges
Roofed, rather than covered bridges, have existed for centuries in southern Europe and Asia. In these cases, the cover is to protect the users of the bridge rather than the structure. Examples include:
The Pont de Rohan in Landerneau, France, and the Pont des Marchands in Narbonne are two of 45 inhabited bridges in Europe.
A tubular bridge is a bridge built as a rigid box girder section within which the traffic is carried. Examples include the Britannia Bridge and the Conwy Railway Bridge in the United Kingdom.
A skyway is a type of urban pedway consisting of an enclosed or covered footbridge between two buildings, designed to protect pedestrians from the weather. For example, the Bridge of Sighs in Cambridge, and Oxford's Bridge of Sighs and Logic Lane covered bridge.
A jet bridge is an enclosed, moveable bridge which extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane, allowing passengers to board and disembark without having to go outside.
Some stone arch bridges are covered to protect pedestrians or as a decoration—as with the Italian Ponte Coperto and Rialto Bridge, and the Chùa Cầu (the Japanese Bridge; see Gallery below) in Vietnam.
In China lángqiáo (廊桥) covered bridges are found in Guangxi, including the Chengyang Bridge and the Xijin Bridge. These are pier and girder bridges, not truss bridges. The Chùa Cầu bridge is found in Vietnam.
In Europe there are also bridges built not strictly for transport, for example the Český Krumlov Castle Bridge in the Czech Republic, the Lovech Covered Bridge in Bulgaria, and the Ponte Vecchio in Italy.
In fiction
In addition to being practical, covered bridges were popular venues for a variety of social activities and are an enduring cultural icon; for example:
The 1992 novel, The Bridges of Madison County, featured the Cedar Covered Bridge, which has since been burnt by arson in 2002, replaced with a replica, and burnt by arson again in 2017.
The Edgar Allan Poe story "Never Bet the Devil Your Head"
Plot points in the 1988 comedy films Beetlejuice and Funny Farm refer to them.
The Diehls Covered Bridge in Pennsylvania is featured in the opening scenes of the 1980s anthology horror television series Tales from the Darkside, created by George A. Romero.
The Joe Hill's novel NOS4A2 features a character that utilizes a covered bridge called the "Shorter Way" as a portal to travel instantly across vast distances.
A covered bridge is also used as a portal between two worlds in John Carpenter's horror film In the Mouth of Madness (1994).
A covered bridge is the focus of two mystery stories in the collection All But Impossible by Edward D. Hoch.
Gallery
Covered
Roofed
See also
Architectural structure
List of nonbuilding structure types
List of bridges with buildings
References
External links
Covered Bridge Map, an interactive map showing locations of covered bridges in the United States and Canada. However, the data is only current as of the archive date.
Bridges by structural type |
Cobbonchidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Dorylaimida.
Genera:
Cobbonchulus Andrássy, 2009
Cobbonchus Andrássy, 1958
References
Nematode families |
The Mea Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Central District. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 335 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Africa and the world.
See also
List of mines in Botswana
References
Coal mines in Botswana |
Drożki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rychtal, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Rychtal, south-west of Kępno, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Villages in Kępno County |
Yang Guang (; born 11 February 1980) is a former Chinese footballer who played as a defender for Shanghai Shenhua.
References
1980 births
Living people
Chinese men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Shenzhen F.C. players
Shanghai Shenhua F.C. players
Chinese Super League players |
The Lazarev Mountains () are a chain of mountains in Antarctica. They extend along the west side of Matusevich Glacier southward of Eld Peak, and are about long. The mountains were photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–1947), the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1957–1958) and an Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (1959). They were named by the Soviet expedition after Lieutenant Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, commander of the sloop Mirnyy of the Bellingshausen expedition (1819–1821).
References
Mountain ranges of Oates Land |
The Republic of Poland Ambassador to Sweden (Swedish: Polen ambassadör i Sverige) serves as the official diplomatic representative of the President and the Government of Poland to the King and the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden.
As with all Poland Ambassadors, the ambassador to Denmark is nominated by the President of Poland and confirmed by the Parliamentary Commission of the Foreign Affairs. The ambassador serves at the pleasure of the President, and enjoys full diplomatic immunity.
Poland Embassy in Sweden is located in Stockholm.
List of ambassadors of Poland to Sweden
Second Polish Republic
1919-1924: Jan Zygmunt Michałowski (envoy)
1924-1928: Alfred Wysocki (envoy)
1928-1934: Konstanty Rozwadowski (envoy)
1934-1936: Antoni Roman (envoy)
1936-1942: Gustaw Potworowski (envoy)
1942-1945: Henryk Sokolnicki (chargé d'affaires)
People's Polish Republic
1945-1948: Adam Ostrowski
1948-1950: Czesław Bobrowski
1950-1954: Eugeniusz Milnikiel (envoy)
1953-1957: Józef Koszutski
1957-1964: Antoni Szymanowski
1965-1969: Michał Kajzer
1969-1972: Stanisław Bejm
1972-1978: Stanisław Staniszewski
1978-1983: Paweł Cieślar
1983-1987: Maria Regent-Lechowicz
1987-1991: Sławomir Dąbrowa
1991-1997: Barbara Tuge-Erecińska
1997-2001: Ryszard Czarny
2001-2005: Marek Prawda
2005-2010: Michał Czyż
2010-2014: Adam Hałaciński
2014-2018: Wiesław Tarka
2018-2020: Iwona Jabłonkowska (chargé d'affaires a.i.)
since 2020: Joanna Hofman
References
Sweden
Poland |
The Neighbors is a sitcom created, written, directed, produced by and starring Tommy Wiseau. In Wiseau's first project since his 2003 cult film The Room, The Neighbors follows the assorted tenants of an apartment building and their interactions with the "manager", Charlie, played by Wiseau. Four episodes were released on Hulu on March 14, 2015. Two additional episodes were released on May 26, 2015.
Development
In 2007, Wiseau shot an original pilot episode for The Neighbors, which was never publicly released, although a trailer for it is available on YouTube.
On March 9, 2009, Wiseau appeared on the episode "Tommy" of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, the show of Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim, who comprise the comedy duo Tim & Eric and who had been involved in promoting The Room. In an interview later in 2009, Wiseau stated he would like to work with the duo again. In an interview on October 19 of that year, Tim & Eric stated they were developing two television series for Wiseau. On an interview from January 20, 2012, Tim & Eric stated they were no longer working with Wiseau on The Neighbors as he wanted their creative input and the duo wanted Wiseau to be the sole creative influence. Wiseau would later claim that working with Tim & Eric failed due to their jealousy of him and their desire to be too involved.
In 2011, Wiseau claimed he was working on a fifteen-episode contract with an unnamed television channel for The Neighbors.
On July 15, 2014, Wiseau began to advertise The Neighbors once more on the website for The Room, its own new website, on Facebook, and on YouTube. It was shown to the public in late September 2014. Wiseau would claim the pilot episode was shot a mere three weeks prior to its first airing. The 2014 pilot reuses the same characters and plot as the 2007 pilot, though with different actors and sets.
According to its end credits the show is "based on the novel by Tommy Wiseau", though said novel does not appear to have been released.
Cast
Wiseau plays dual roles: Charlie, the main protagonist of the series, and (with a blonde wig) Ricky Rick, a petty criminal who serves as the series' primary antagonist. Wiseau said "I want to show people that I have range."
Robert Axelrod is depicted on the poster for the show, and credited on IMDb as "Prince George", a character who is discussed but does not appear in the six released episodes. Axelrod was a frequent collaborator of Tim's and Eric's.
Episodes
Wiseau claimed shortly after the debut of the pilot episode that he had currently shot "potentially three, five" episodes. A press release claimed that Wiseau plans to write and direct "at least 20" episodes. In a January 2015 interview, Wiseau stated that only the pilot episode has been filmed, but that he is determined to film a second episode, and has scripts for ten. Two months later, the pilot and three additional episodes were released on Hulu. In an April 2015 interview, Wiseau stated that four more episodes would come to Hulu in the summer of 2015. On May 26, 2015, episodes five and six were released on Hulu. Wiseau has said that he has either an eight- or twelve-episode contract with Hulu.
Release
The pilot episode was first shown attached to midnight screenings of The Room at the Landmark Sunshine Cinema in New York City from September 26–28, 2014. It continued to be shown exclusively through The Room midnight releases into 2015. Wiseau states he had a one-episode deal with Adult Swim, which aired Awesome Show and was the syndication debut of The Room, but he wanted to push for a better deal. Early advertisements for The Neighbors contained the logo of Comedy.TV, though it was never mentioned on their website.
On March 14, 2015, the pilot and three new episodes were released by Revolver Entertainment on Hulu. On May 26, 2015, episodes five and six were released on Hulu. According to Wiseau, this was so the show would be eligible for the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards, and he submitted them for nomination in six categories.
On October 20, 2015, the first six episodes were released on DVD as The Neighbors: The Complete Season One.
On April 3, 2016, season two of The Neighbors was announced by a trailer on the show's YouTube channel. On August 9, 2017, a post on the show's official Facebook page stated that season two would air "Later this year!!!" A trailer for season 2 was released on YouTube on November 21, 2017, but as of 2023, no further episodes have been released.
Reception
Reviewing a screening of the pilot episode, The A.V. Club found the production values and acting quality of The Neighbors far worse than those of The Room, and noted the unexplained presence of women in bikinis in several scenes. Wiseau responded to the criticism by saying that the women were meant to be symbolic of sexually liberated women. The A.V. Club later reviewed the first four episodes made available on Hulu Plus, and summed up the series as an "unpleasant slog" that "actually gets lazier as it progresses", ultimately giving it an F grade.
Wiseau himself considers the fifth and sixth episodes better than the first four, and submitted the series for Emmy consideration.
References
External links
Official site
Hulu page
Trailer for the original pilot
2010s American sitcoms
2015 web series debuts
2015 web series endings
Television episodes directed by Tommy Wiseau |
Ratchet & Clank: All 4 One is a platform video game for the PlayStation 3 developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment in October 2011. It is the third spin-off from the Ratchet & Clank series.
Upon release, the game received mixed reviews, with praise aimed at the soundtrack, story, graphics, humor, voice acting, combat and gameplay, though criticism was aimed at the frustrating partner AI and glitches. It was a commercial success, selling 1.5 million copies worldwide.
Gameplay
Unlike previous games in the series which were mostly single-player-only games, All 4 One focuses on a four-player cooperative multiplayer mode which allows for drop-in and drop-out online as well as offline multiplayer. Players can each take the role of one of the four main characters of the game, namely Ratchet, Clank, Qwark and Doctor Nefarious.
Plot
The game begins when Galactic President Captain Qwark goes to the city of Luminopolis to receive an "Intergalactic Tool of Justice Award", and he asks Ratchet and Clank to escort him. When the ceremony begins, Dr. Nefarious (having been teleported off his space station right before it exploded in the previous game) arrives and awakens a light-eating Z'Grute from cyrosleep, but it immediately turns against him, forcing Dr. Nefarious to join Ratchet, Clank and Qwark to stop it. While the team tracks the Z'Grute, strange unidentified robots follow the Z'Grute that don't seem to belong to Nefarious. After the team defeats the Z'Grute, a massive moon-sized drone appears and captures both the Z'Grute and the four heroes. They then awake in a mysterious facility but are rescued by Susie, a young galactic scout. When the team escapes and arrives at a Tharpod village, they find out that the drone that captured them is known as Ephemeris, the Creature Collector. It takes the universe's most dangerous beasts and brings them to planet Magnus. The team agrees to get rid of Ephemeris and heads through the Deadgrove to the N.E.S.T. (Northern Extraterrestrial Sorting Terminal). After fighting a Wigwump, the team finds the fifth holo-diary of Dr. Frumpus Croid. It shows that whoever is now in control of Ephemeris has plans for the monsters.
After fighting Commander Spog at the N.E.S.T, they find out that only the Architect knows how to defeat Ephemeris and head over to Terawatt Forest, beyond Octonok Cay. They also find Dr. Croid's first holo-diary. It shows the happier times on Magnus. While in Octonok Cay, they find Dr. Croid's next two holo-diaries. They show that Dr. Nevo Binkelmiyer, Dr. Croid's colleague betrayed him, ravaged his laboratory, took Mr. Dinkles, Dr. Croid's companion and stole the plans to a protomorphic energy extractor and that Dr. Croid sent a smaller version of Ephemeris to rescue his companion, Mr. Dinkles. When they reach Dr. Croid's research station, they find Dr. Croid's fourth holo-dairy. It shows that Nevo seized control of Ephemeris and modified it into what it is now, and that Nevo is responsible for everything Ephemeris has done. When the team reaches the Hall of Paradoxology in Terawatt Forest, they find that Dr. Croid has moved his laboratory to the Phonica Moon, having expected Nevo to make an assassination attempt on him. When the team reaches Phonica Moon, they realize that Dr. Croid has seemingly gone insane. After accessing the lab's computers, Nefarious discovers that Ephemeris has a charging dock that recharges its power cells, the dock being stationed on the Vilerog Plateau just outside Uzo City. The team takes Dr. Croid's escape pod to the Vilerog Plateau, but on the way, Ephemeris attacks them and they crash land into the Polar Sea, unable to contact Cronk and Zephyr. When they discover a railway station, they find that it is broken. Qwark fakes dying, attempting to make amends with Nefarious. Just then, the Plumber appears and fixes the railway platform so the heroes can travel to Uzo City.
When the team reaches the core of Ephemeris, they discover that Nevo is not actually in charge of Ephemeris, having been betrayed by Mr. Dinkles, who is possessed by a Toranux Spirit known as the Loki Master. He reveals that Nevo did not betray Dr. Croid. Mr. Dinkles had done the things Dr. Croid thought Nevo had done. Although Nevo tried to stop Mr. Dinkles, Mr. Dinkles captured Nevo and made him his "pet". He will also use the collected beasts as vessels for the Toranux Spirits so they can destroy the universe. After fighting the heroes, he extracts his spirit into a Rykan V Grivelnox. After a long and fierce final battle, Dr. Croid and Nevo manage to extract the Master, which is promptly destroyed by Nefarious. Soon afterwards, Cronk and Zephyr arrive, revealing that they finally received help from Lawrence. Nefarious and Lawrence steal Cronk and Zephyr's ship and leave the heroes stranded on Magnus. Thankfully, Ratchet remembers that Ephemeris is still active, and everyone decides to use it so they can return to Luminopolis.
After the credits, Lawrence tells Nefarious of a secret route they can take past the barriers set by the Polaris Defense Force. During this, Nefarious is saddened while looking at the picture he had taken with Ratchet, Clank, and Qwark.
Development and release
The game was announced at Sony's Gamescom 2010 press conference by Ted Price of Insomniac Games. The game was first rumored on August 6, 2010 when the voice actor for Clank, David Kaye, revealed that he had been hired by Insomniac Games to do more voice acting for Ratchet & Clank. The game's working title was Ratchet & Clank: 4 Play; when this name was rejected for its sexual reference, the subtitle was changed to Multiple Organisms, which was also rejected for its obvious innuendo.
A limited online beta was launched on September 14, 2011, until September 27. It allows for up to four players to go online and play through two sections of the game: the opening level of Luminopolis, where the players fight a creature called the Z'Grute, and the Vertigus Cliffs, where players are allowed access to a number of weapons, including new weapons like the Frost Cannon, Plasma Bomb Launcher and Warmonger, along with older weapons like the Combuster, among others.
The game was released on October 18, 2011, in North America and October 20–October 21 in Europe and Australia.
Re-rating
The game was originally rated "7+" in Europe by PEGI, but was re-rated as "12+" when it was released as a Platinum game in response to a consumer complaint regarding the spoken phrase "whoop-ass".
Reception
All 4 One received polarized reviews, with a Metacritic score of 70/100 indicating "mixed or average reviews". IGN gave the game an 8/10 citing as a step backwards from A Crack in Time. The most negative review has come from Destructoid who gave the game 4/10 and said "Ratchet & Clank: All 4 One should have been about $15, five hours shorter, and released on the PlayStation Network. It's a game that does a disservice to the high pedigree of the Ratchet & Clank series and takes too far a departure from what made such an excellent series". GameSpot gave the game a 7 out of 10. Game Informer gave it an 8.75 out 10, saying "This Is One For All The Fans Of Co-op Platforming." Morgan Webb of X-Play gave the game a 3 out of 5, praising the variety, story, and saying it will keep fans satisfied for the next game, but criticizing the glitches, easy puzzles, and more kid-friendly tone.
References
External links
Official website
2011 video games
3D platform games
Cooperative video games
Insomniac Games games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 3-only games
Ratchet & Clank
Video game spin-offs
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with stereoscopic 3D graphics
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Video games scored by Michael Bross |
is a Japanese manga series about hearing disability, written and illustrated by Kōji Yoshimoto. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Superior from January 2016 to September 2017, with its chapters collected in three tankōbon volumes.
Publication
Written and illustrated by , Sabishii no wa Anta dake ja Nai was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Superior from January 8, 2016, to September 8, 2017. Shogakukan collected its chapters in three tankōbon volumes released from May 30, 2016, to September 29, 2017.
Volumes
Reception
The series ranked first in the July 2016 edition of Takarajimasha's Kono Manga ga Sugoi! Web. Sabishii no wa Anta dake ja Nai was one of the Jury Recommended Works at the 20th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2017.
References
Further reading
External links
Autobiographical anime and manga
Literature about deaf people
Non-fiction comics
Seinen manga
Shogakukan manga |
Channel i () is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language satellite and cable television channel owned by Impress Group. It was launched on 1 October 1999, as Bangladesh's first digital television channel. It is one of the oldest satellite television channels in Bangladesh. Channel i is broadcast via satellite television using PanAmSat and Bangabandhu-1, covering most of Asia and parts of Australia. It is sister to the radio station, Radio Bhumi.
Background
The Impress Group first moved beyond textile production and into television in the early 1980s, under the tutelage of Faridur Reza Sagor, who had before worked at state-run Bangladesh Television on a freelance basis. The initial steps into television resulted into the establishment of Impress Telefilm, which initially produced small mini-series and one-off shows for BTV.
History
Channel i began broadcasting on 1 October 1999 from a small building in the Siddheshwari neighborhood of Dhaka, with the "Hridoye Bangladesh" (হৃদয়ে বাংলাদেশ; ) slogan, which is still used as of today. It initially broadcast pre-recorded television programs for 12 hours, but was converted to a 24-hour channel within two years of its launch.
On 1 October 2001, Channel i began airing news programming. The channel launched its website on 30 September 2003. Channel i's news director, Shykh Seraj, created Hridoye Mati O Manush, based on the old Bangladesh Television program Mati O Manush, which debuted on the channel on 21 February 2004. In March 2008, the channel began broadcasting Sisimpur to Bangladeshi children worldwide. Channel i had also broadcast modern western-themed telefilms, such as Play, directed by M-SIB, in 2010, thus making them the first Bangladeshi television channel to do so. On 11 June 2015, BBC Bangla's BBC Probaho premiered on Channel i.
Channel i was one of the nine Bangladeshi television channels to sign an agreement with Bdnews24.com to subscribe to a video-based news agency run by children called Prism in May 2016. Channel i began high definition broadcasts on 15 September 2017, and fully migrated from standard definition broadcasts on 1 October. For Bangladesh Television's 55th anniversary on 25 December 2019, Channel i organized a special program in its headquarters in Tejgaon, which was broadcast on both networks.
Programming
Current and former
420
BBC Bangladesh Shonglap
BBC Probaho
Channel i Music Awards
Dainik Tolpar
Ekjon Mayaboti
Ghor Kutum
Hridoye Mati O Manush
Kafela (only during Ramadan)
Lux Channel I Superstar
Priyo Din Priyo Rat
Sakin Sarisuri
Saat Bhai Champa
Sonar Pakhi Rupar Pakhi
Sisimpur
Tritiyo Matra
Vober Hat
Audience share
In 2010, Channel i held a total audience share of 36%, tied with ATN Bangla. In urban areas, the channel had an audience share of 62%, the highest among privately owned channels in Bangladesh, and in metropolitan areas, it had a share of 61%. Channel i was ranked highest among most watched television channels in Bangladesh during its founding anniversary in 2013.
See also
List of television stations in Bangladesh
Channel i (Singaporean TV channel)
References
Television channels and stations established in 1999
Television channels in Bangladesh
Foreign television channels broadcasting in the United Kingdom
Mass media in Dhaka
1999 establishments in Bangladesh |
CANZUK International is an international advocacy organisation which aims to achieve the free movement of citizens, free trade agreements and foreign policy cooperation between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom through intergovernmental action and the formation of a proposed diplomatic alliance known as CANZUK. The organisation aims to achieve similar free movement and trade arrangements that exist under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement and the Closer Economic Relations trade agreement between Australia and New Zealand, with Canada and the United Kingdom eventually joining these arrangements.
History
The Commonwealth Freedom of Movement Organisation (CFMO) was founded in January 2015 by executive director, James Skinner, who conceptualized and popularized the idea of developing migration, trade and foreign policy agreements between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom by developing political interest for CANZUK among supportive MPs in Canada. Skinner founded the CFMO after experiencing his own difficulties immigrating to Australia and Canada as a UK citizen.
On 17 March 2015, Skinner appeared on The Early Edition with Rick Cluff as part of CBC Radio One's breakfast programming in Vancouver, where he detailed the reasoning for the CFMO's campaign regarding free movement between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK:
The four countries we propose are very similar in numerous ways. For example, we share the same head of state, the same language, the same Westminster style parliamentary system, the same common law legal system, similar economic growth rates, [and a] similar respect for human rights. What we're advocating is not something out of the ordinary. This is something that has been done within the EU, between virtually 30 countries with a population of 500 million citizens, who have the right to live and work freely between each other, and it's also been done between Australia and New Zealand with the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement ... so what we're proposing with 4 Commonwealth countries, who have very close Commonwealth ties, is not something completely "out there".
In January 2017, the CFMO was renamed CANZUK International with greater interest in campaigning for free trade and foreign policy cooperation between the four countries in addition to freedom of movement.
Policies
CANZUK International's proposals focuses specifically on three key areas: freedom of movement, free trade and foreign policy co-operation, with interest in complimentary objectives such as constitutional affairs and educational initiatives.
Freedom of movement
The organisation has campaigned publicly for the national governments of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom to remove visa restrictions and work permits between their citizens, similar to the current arrangements that exist between Australia and New Zealand. In April 2015, 7 News Australia interviewed former director, Alice Moran, in which she reiterated the organisation's stance regarding free movement:
"Those four nations are so similar to each other [and] have so much in common; we feel like we should be able to move around as freely as possible".
However, although supportive of free movement, the organisation has also drafted restrictions which may apply to citizens if free movement legislation is ratified between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Such restrictions include prohibiting those with infectious health conditions and criminal records, similar to the terms of the current Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement. In an interview with Dan Riendeau for the "At Night" radio show on News Talk 770 in March 2015, Skinner emphasised that any future free movement initiative would need to learn from the flaws within the European Union free movement system, and therefore, certain restrictions would likely need to be considered by the respective governments for the initiative to work effectively. This was also emphasized in an interview with Global News in January 2018, where Skinner stated that freedom of movement for citizens of each country would be "controlled" with certain health and security restrictions in place if people wanted to travel or work between the CANZUK countries. Those on a terror watch-list or with serious criminal convictions would not qualify under free movement provisions, emulating the current travel regulations between Australia and New Zealand under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement.
Although CANZUK International's main objective is freedom of movement between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the organisation has also prioritised increased visas between the countries. In an Interview with ABC News, Skinner stated "In the interim, a five-year work visa could be introduced for anyone below the age of 31...this visa could then be expanded to those below the ages of 35 or 40. Progress could then be made towards increasing the five-year work visa to seven or ten years, and then eventually to full free-movement by negotiating an accession agreement for Canada and the United Kingdom to join the Trans-Tasman Travel Agreement".
Free trade
In addition to free movement of citizens, the organisation has also called for open trade between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, claiming that such trading relations would provide the CANZUK countries with "more collective bargaining power in dealing with large trading partners such as the United States, China, India and the European Union". When speaking with Justin "Drex" Wilcomes on Global News's late-night talk show "The Shift with Drex" in January 2018, Skinner emphasized that trade between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom would equal $3.5 trillion, and accumulated Gross domestic product of the four countries would equal $6.5 trillion, thereby providing advantageous circumstances for free trade to be established.
The organization has publicly campaigned for Canada and the United Kingdom to join the existing Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (CER) between Australia and New Zealand - not only for increased trade in goods, but also for mutual recognition of skills between the four countries, so skilled migrants can work in each country without the requirement of professional re-examination or additional skills assessments.
Under a multilateral trade deal, the organization has also called for the pooling of standards and the recognition of diplomas to allow the bloc to "weigh against more powerful trade partners such as the United States, China, India or the European Union."
Foreign policy
The organization has also advocated foreign policy cooperation between the CANZUK countries due to similar cultural and historical ties, specifically working together regarding constitutional matters such as human rights and educational developments. In February 2017, Skinner interviewed for TVO's The Agenda with Steve Paikin where it was emphasised that despite closer diplomatic cooperation, CANZUK International would not advocate closer political union between Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom as seen within the EU, but that it would continue as a campaign "for free movement between four, independent, sovereign countries, and it will remain that way, to work together towards free trade and foreign policy".
Public response
CANZUK International has received mixed opinions from academics, journalists and the general public.
As of September 2016, CANZUK International's online petition advocating free movement between the four countries received over 162,000 signatures. Australian Foreign Minister, Julie Bishop, acknowledged that free movement between the UK and Australia could be part of a future free trade deal once the United Kingdom leaves the European Union.
However, critics have voiced concerns over the logistics of introducing free movement legislation across international borders. Emily Gilbert, an associate professor of Canadian Studies and Geography at the University of Toronto stated: "I think it's an intriguing proposal, but I think chances are it will be some years in the making if it's ever to be realized", while Jeffrey Reitz from the University of Toronto's Munk School of Global Affairs stated: "it's unclear why Canada would pursue a proposal with New Zealand, Australia and U.K. instead of the U.S. and Mexico, countries that are already part of a free trade agreement."
In addition, the four countries compose what was sometimes referred to as the "white" Commonwealth. Skinner told CBC News in March 2015: "This has nothing to do with race."
Polling conducted by the Royal Commonwealth Society in 2016 revealed that 70% of Australians said they were supportive of the CANZUK proposal, with 10% opposed to it; 75% of Canadians said they supported the idea and 15% were opposed to it and 82% of New Zealanders stated that they supported the idea, with 10% opposed. A YouGov poll of 2015 showed 58% support and 19% opposition. The YouGov research also found that British people valued free mobility between the UK and Canada, Australia and New Zealand higher than they did with free mobility between the UK and EU ( 46% for and 35% against).
Further polling conducted by CI in January 2017 found support for free movement of people and goods with certain limitations on citizens claiming tax-funded payments on entry across the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand to be 64% in the UK, 72% in Australia, 77% in Canada and 81% in New Zealand, with undecideds included.
In January 2018, CANZUK International's online petition, calling upon the governments of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, achieved over 200,000 signatures with the intention of submitting the petition to each of the four respective governments.
Political support
In January 2018, neoliberal British think-tank the Adam Smith Institute adopted the expansion of migration from CANZUK nations as a policy priority for 2018, declaring CANZUK International's platform as "an idea whose time has come".
In August 2018, the Conservative Party of Canada voted almost unanimously to incorporate the organization's proposals as party policy following its annual convention, held in Halifax.
Research
In addition to its free movement campaign, CANZUK International also conducts research into socio-economic issues affecting Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK, and occasional research into other Commonwealth countries regarding their candidacy for a future free movement initiative. Research conducted has varied in subject, including general elections, the cost of living in differing cities throughout the four Commonwealth countries, and the 2016 referendum regarding the UK's membership of the European Union.
See also
Commonwealth of Nations
Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union
Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement
References
External links
CANZUK International website
Anglosphere
Australian migration law
Commonwealth of Nations
Freedom of movement
Migration-related organizations
Political organisations based in Australia
Political organizations based in Canada
Political organisations based in New Zealand
Political organisations based in the United Kingdom
Immigration to New Zealand
CANZUK
2015 establishments in British Columbia
Organizations based in Vancouver |
Tom Otis is an American researcher, academic and author. He is the Chief Scientific Officer at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour and holds a Professorship in Neuroscience at University College London.
Otis' research has been focused on cellular and circuit function of the cerebellum and hippocampus, as well as preclinical models of spinocerebellar ataxia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Education
Otis received a B.S. and an M.S. in Biological Sciences in 1988 from Stanford University. He continued his education at Stanford University, where he received a Ph.D. in neuroscience in 1993. Otis’ doctoral work was completed in the laboratory of Istvan Mody at Stanford University and focused on fundamental aspects of inhibitory synaptic transmission. Using newly developed methods for patch clamping in brain slice preparations, Otis characterized the function of GABA-gated ion channels (GABAA receptors) and GABA activated G protein coupled receptors (GABAB receptors).
Career
In 1998, Otis joined University of California, Los Angeles as an Assistant Professor, becoming Associate Professor in 2003 and Full Professor in 2007. He became the Edith Agnes Plumb Endowed Chair in Neurobiology at UCLA in 2013. He served as the Vice Chair of Department of Neurobiology at UCLA Medical Center from 2008 to 2013, and then as the Chair of the Neurobiology Department from 2013 to 2015. From 2010 to 2014, he was the Vice Chair of Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience at UCLA.
Otis took the position of Vice Director and Section Head of F. Hoffman-La Roche in 2015 while on leave of absence from UCLA. In 2017, Otis left Roche and moved to the United Kingdom, where he joined University College of London as a Professor of Neuroscience and the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour as Chief Scientific Officer.
Research and work
In postdoctoral work with Laurence Trussell at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Otis studied excitatory synaptic transmission, measuring glutamate receptor activation at a giant synapse in the chick auditory brainstem and constructing models of neurotransmitter diffusion and receptor gating that explain how glutamate interacts with postsynaptic receptors. In postdoctoral work with Craig Jahr and Mike Kavanaugh, he used electrophysiological approaches and fast solution exchange to detail the biophysical function of glutamate transporters (the proteins responsible for removing glutamate from excitatory synapses).
In his own laboratory at UCLA, Otis extended this work to describe how glutamate transporters shape excitatory signals to different pools of glutamate receptors. He hypothesized that a feedback loop between G protein coupled glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters might regulate ‘spill over’ of glutamate from synapses, thereby ensuring that excitatory synapses remain independent.
Otis' laboratory also characterized the pharmacology of certain subtypes of GABAA receptors that are located extrasynaptically. In collaboration with the laboratory of Richard Olsen, he presented evidence that ethanol enhances these subtypes of GABAA receptors and that this likely contributes to the intoxicating and sedative effects of alcohol.
A main line of Otis' work has been directed at understanding how cerebellar circuits are involved in coordinating complex movements. Using optogenetics to manipulate cerebellar circuits, Otis showed that robust but artificial associative memories can be imparted such that otherwise innocuous sensory stimuli can then generate aberrant movements. These findings validate circuit-based models of cerebellar learning and suggest that learning may involve modifications at multiple sites in the cerebellar circuit.
In collaboration with the lab of Stefan Pulst, Otis’ team has characterized and studied mouse genetic models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Working with scientists at IONIS, the teams developed an antisense oligonucleotide targeting the SCA2 gene and showed that this molecule improves motor function in mice. Due to the involvement of SCA2 in stress granules in degenerating neurons, the same antisense oligonucleotide against SCA2 has potential to treat other misfolded protein disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
Awards and honors
1989 - Howard Hughes Medical Institute Predoctoral Fellowship
1993 - National Research Service Award for Postdoctoral Training
2007 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Fellow
2009 - McKnight Technology Award
Selected publications
Buhl, E. H., Otis, T. S., & Mody, I. (1996). Zinc-Induced Collapse of Augmented Inhibition by GABA in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model. Science, 271(5247), 369–373.
Fortin, D. L., Banghart, M. R., Dunn, T. W., Borges, K., Wagenaar, D. A., Gaudry, Q., … Kramer, R. H. (2008). Photochemical control of endogenous ion channels and cellular excitability. Nature Methods, 5(4), 331–338.
Hanchar, H. J., Dodson, P. D., Olsen, R. W., Otis, T. S., & Wallner, M. (2005). Alcohol-induced motor impairment caused by increased extrasynaptic GABAA receptor activity. Nature Neuroscience, 8(3), 339–345.
Mody, I., Koninck, Y. D., Otis, T., & Soltesz, I. (1994). Bridging the cleft at GABA synapses in the brain. Trends in Neurosciences, 17(12), 517–525.
Otis, T. S., Koninck, Y. D., & Mody, I. (1993). Characterization of synaptically elicited GABAB responses using patch-clamp recordings in rat hippocampal slices. The Journal of Physiology, 463(1), 391–407.
Otis, T. S., Koninck, Y. D., & Mody, I. (1994). Lasting potentiation of inhibition is associated with an increased number of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors activated during miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91(16), 7698–7702.
Otis, T., & Mody, I. (1992). Modulation of decay kinetics and frequency of GABAA receptor-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience, 49(1), 13–32.
Otis, T., Wu, Y., & Trussell, L. (1996). Delayed clearance of transmitter and the role of glutamate transporters at synapses with multiple release sites. The Journal of Neuroscience, 16(5), 1634–1644.
Sareen, D., Orourke, J. G., Meera, P., Muhammad, A. K. M. G., Grant, S., Simpkinson, M., … Baloh, R. H. (2013). Targeting RNA Foci in iPSC-Derived Motor Neurons from ALS Patients with a C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion. Science Translational Medicine, 5(208).
Scoles, D., Schneider, M., Meera, P., Figueroa, K., Rigo, F., Bennett, F., Otis, T.S., Pulst, S.M. (2017) ATXN2 antisense therapy improves SCA2 mouse motor and Purkinje cell electrophysiological phenotypes, Nature, 544, 362-366.
Staley, K. J., Otis, T. S., & Mody, I. (1992). Membrane properties of dentate gyrus granule cells: comparison of sharp microelectrode and whole-cell recordings. Journal of Neurophysiology, 67(5), 1346–1358.
References
Living people
Stanford University alumni
American scientists
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA faculty
Academics of University College London
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Birilyussky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders with Yeniseysky District in the north, Pirovsky District in the northeast, Bolshemurtinsky and Yemelyanovsky Districts in the east, Bolsheuluysky and Kozulsky Districts in the south, and with Tyukhtetsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Novobirilyussy. Population: 13,090 (2002 Census); The population of Novobirilyussy accounts for 37.9% of the district's total population.
History
The district was founded on April 4, 1924.
Government
As of 2013, the Head of the District and Chairman of the District Council is Vladimir V. Belenya.
Education
There are twenty-two schools in the district, including nine secondary schools, two junior secondary schools, and eleven primary schools. In Novobirilyussy, there is also a correctional boarding school.
Other educational facilities include five pre-school centers, a youth activity center, youth sports club "Ares", and Professional Lyceum #40, which trains tractor maintenance technicians, agricultural equipment technicians, machinists, drivers, and tractor operators.
Public health services
Medical services in the district are provided by the 95-bed Central District Hospital, 20-bed local hospital, and by 23 medical and obstetric centers.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Krasnoyarsk Krai
States and territories established in 1924 |
```java
package org.bouncycastle.crypto.params;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.CipherParameters;
public class KeyParameter
implements CipherParameters
{
private byte[] key;
public KeyParameter(
byte[] key)
{
this(key, 0, key.length);
}
public KeyParameter(
byte[] key,
int keyOff,
int keyLen)
{
this.key = new byte[keyLen];
System.arraycopy(key, keyOff, this.key, 0, keyLen);
}
public byte[] getKey()
{
return key;
}
}
``` |
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and four trailing wheels on two axles.
The configuration was only used for tank engines, which is noted by adding letter suffixes to the configuration, such as for a conventional side-tank locomotive, for a saddle-tank locomotive, for a well-tank locomotive and for a rack-equipped tank locomotive.
Overview
This wheel arrangement was mainly used on various tank locomotive configurations. Eight 4-2-4 well- and back-tank locomotives which entered service on the Bristol and Exeter Railway in 1853 appear to have been the first with this wheel arrangement. The engine was designed by James Pearson, the railway company's engineer, and featured single large flangeless driving wheels between two supporting four-wheeled bogies. The water was carried in both well- and back-tanks, leaving the boilers exposed in the same way as on most tender locomotives.
Usage
United Kingdom
The first eight known 4-2-4T locomotives entered service on the broad gauge Bristol and Exeter Railway in 1853 and 1854, numbered in the range from 39 to 46. They had diameter flangeless driving wheels, supported by leading and trailing two-axle bogies. The water was carried in both well- and back-tanks. Two more engines were built in 1859 and 1862, but with much smaller diameter driving wheels.
Between 1869 and 1873, new locomotives were built to replace four of the original diameter driving wheeled engines, re-using the engine numbers of the locomotives being replaced. These four replacement engines had slightly smaller, , diameter driving wheels.
In 1881, this wheel arrangement was also used by the Great Western Railway on William Dean's experimental locomotive No. 9. Since it was so prone to derailing as to be unable to be moved from the workshops where it was built, it did no work and was rebuilt to a tender locomotive in 1884. Dugald Drummond of the London and South Western Railway built a 4-2-4T F9 class combined locomotive and inspection saloon in 1899. It was little used after Drummond's death in 1912.
United States
The engine C. P. Huntington was one of three identical 4-2-4 tank locomotives. They were the first locomotives to be purchased by Southern Pacific Railroad in 1863, for use on light commuter services in the Sacramento area. The locomotives had serious shortcomings. The single driving axle did not carry the full weight of the engine's rear end due to the trailing truck and, in addition to being too light, it therefore lacked adhesion to reliably pull trains, especially on gradients. The short water tank on the Forney-type frame prevented the locomotives from travelling any moderate distance without consuming all of their water. As a result, these locomotives were only used when absolutely necessary.
In 1863, a sister engine, the T. D. Judah, was built by the Cooke Locomotive Works for a railroad which was unable to pay for it and was purchased by the Central Pacific Railroad. This locomotive was rebuilt to a 4-2-2 wheel arrangement in 1872.
South Africa
In 1923, the South African Railways (SAR) conducted trials with a prototype petrol-paraffin powered road-rail tractor and, in 1924, placed at least two Dutton steam rail tractors in service on the new narrow gauge line between Naboomspruit and Singlewood in Transvaal. One of the latter had a wheel arrangement.
The designer, Major Frank Dutton, SAR Signal Engineer and the Motor Transport Superintendent, argued that a rubber tyre in contact with a hard road would be better at transferring tractive power than a steel wheel on steel rail. At least two Dutton Rail Tractors were built, both steam-powered and both rebuilt by the Britannia Engineering Works of Johannesburg from Yorkshire steam tractors.
The second Dutton tractor, no. RR1155, was a rail-only vehicle. It had a bogie at either end with the single pair of driving wheels on a differential axle in the centre. It was arranged for forward and reverse movement at all speeds, but it could only be used on the rails. Since, on occasion, the vehicle had to be transported by road, its construction was such that it could be readily disassembled into more easily transportable units, to be moved on road wheels to a workshop or for transfer of any other kind. In service, the tractor was often equipped with a water tank tender loaded with additional bags of coal on its running boards.
In fiction
The Little Blue Engine from the original 1906 book The Little Engine That Could was a Forney locomotive with this wheel arrangement.
References
2, 4-2-4T
Whyte notation |
Roger Federer defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–1, 7–5 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2009 Cincinnati Masters.
Andy Murray was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Federer.
Seeds
The top eight seeds receive a bye into the second round.
Main draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
Qualifying
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky loser
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
Fifth qualifier
Sixth qualifier
Seventh qualifier
References
External links
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
Masters - Singles |
```swift
//: [Table of Contents](00-ToC)
//: [Previous](@previous)
import SwifterSwift
import PlaygroundSupport
//: ## UIKit extensions
//: ### UIButton extensions
let button = UIButton(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 40))
// Set title, title color and image for all states at once!
button.setTitleForAllStates("Login")
button.setTitleColorForAllStates(UIColor.blue)
button.setImageForAllStates(UIImage(named: "login")!)
//: ### UIColor extensions
// Create new UIColor for RGB values
let color1 = UIColor(red: 121, green: 220, blue: 164)
// Create new UIColor for a hex string (including strings starting with #, 0x or in short css hex format)
let color2 = UIColor(hexString: "#00F")
// Create new UIColor for a hexadecimal value
let color3 = UIColor(hex: 0x45C91B)
// Blend two colors with ease
UIColor.blend(UIColor.red, intensity1: 0.5, with: UIColor.green, intensity2: 0.3)
// Return hexadecimal value string
UIColor.red.hexString
// Use Google Material design colors with ease
let indigo = UIColor.Material.indigo
// Use CSS colors with ease:
let beige = UIColor.CSS.beige
// Return brand colors from more than 30 social brands
let facebookColor = UIColor.Social.facebook
//: ### UIImage extensions
let image1 = UIImage(named: "logo")!
// Crop images
let croppedImage = image1.cropped(to: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 100))
// scale to fit width or height
let scaledImage1 = image1.scaled(toHeight: 50)
let scaledImage2 = image1.scaled(toWidth: 50)
// Compress images
let compressedImage = image1.compressed(quality: 0.3)
// get image size
image1.kilobytesSize
//: ### UIImageView extensions
let imageView = UIImageView()
// Download an image from URL in background
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true
imageView.download(from: URL(string: "path_to_url")!,
contentMode: .scaleAspectFit,
placeholder: image1,
completionHandler: { downloadedImage in
downloadedImage
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = false
imageView.sizeToFit()
// Blur image view
imageView.blur(withStyle: .light)
})
//: ### UINavigationBar extensions
let navbar = UINavigationBar(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 60))
let navItem = UINavigationItem(title: "Title")
navbar.pushItem(navItem, animated: false)
// Change navigation bar font and color
navbar.setTitleFont(UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 10), color: UIColor.red)
//: ### UIView extensions
// Set borderColor, borderWidth, cornerRadius, shadowColor, and many other properties from code or storyboard
var view = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 100))
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
// Set some or all corners radiuses of view.
view.roundCorners([.bottomLeft, .topRight], radius: 30)
view.layerCornerRadius = 30
// Add shadow to view
view.addShadow(ofColor: .black, radius: 3, opacity: 0.5)
// Add gradient
view.addGradient(colors: [.red], direction: .rightToLeft)
//: [Next](@next)
``` |
The district of Tandridge, the easternmost of 11 local government districts in the English county of Surrey, has more than 70 current and former places of worship. Religious buildings dating from every age between the Norman era and the present are found across the area, which is characterised by small towns and ancient hamlets. A range of architectural styles and materials are represented: from "Surrey's only Perpendicular Gothic church of any size or pretension" (at Lingfield) to small weatherboarded buildings, tin tabernacles and modern brick chapels. , 61 places of worship are in use in the district and a further 13 former churches and chapels no longer hold religious services but survive in alternative uses.
Christianity is the majority religion in Tandridge, and the Church of England — the country's Established Church — is represented by the largest number of churches. Several congregations of Roman Catholics, Methodists, Baptists and the United Reformed Church also meet at their own buildings in the main towns and elsewhere; and various other Protestant Nonconformist denominations are accommodated in chapels and meeting rooms of different styles and ages. Jehovah's Witnesses and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints both have large places of worship of regional importance in the district.
English Heritage has awarded listed status to 28 places of worship in the district of Tandridge. A building is defined as "listed" when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest" in accordance with the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The Department for Culture, Media and Sport, a Government department, is responsible for this; English Heritage, a non-departmental public body, acts as an agency of the department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues. There are three grades of listing status: Grade I, the highest, is defined as being of "exceptional interest"; Grade II* is used for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest"; and Grade II, the lowest, is used for buildings of "special interest". As of February 2001, there were 20 buildings with Grade I status, 52 with Grade II* status and 519 with Grade II status in the district.
Overview of the district
Tandridge is the easternmost of the 11 districts in Surrey, an inland county in southeast England immediately south of London. It covers and had a population of 82,998 at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2011. Clockwise from the north, it shares borders with the London boroughs of Croydon and Bromley, the district of Sevenoaks in Kent, the Wealden district in East Sussex, the Mid Sussex district and the borough of Crawley of West Sussex, and the Surrey district of Reigate and Banstead.
The district is largely rural. Caterham is the largest town with 31,000 people, Oxted (which is part of a larger urban area with neighbouring Hurst Green and Limpsfield) has 11,000, and more than half the population lives in the suburbanised northern part of the district which includes these towns and nearby Warlingham, Whyteleafe and Woldingham. This area is adjacent to the London Borough of Croydon and is part of the Greater London Urban Area. Elsewhere, there are many small villages with ancient origins—many have their own parish church, sometimes supplemented with other places of worship.
Anglican churches with 12th-century or older origins include those at Bletchingley, Burstow, Chelsham, Horne and Nutfield; many have been rebuilt and restored to some extent, but the survival of ancient fabric is common. Caterham's church of St Lawrence, dating from about 1100 and featuring a "truly remarkable" original window, has been supplemented by two 19th-century churches but remains open for services. Other Anglican churches were built in the Victorian era and the 20th century as villages and suburbs expanded: examples include St Luke's at Whyteleafe, the second church (St Christopher's) at Warlingham, and the centrally located and much larger St Paul's at Woldingham (1933)—superseding the isolated single-room St Agatha's Church, called "Surrey's meanest chapel" by Pevsner. Elsewhere, a former school was converted into a church in South Godstone, and at Smallfield a church hall doubles as an Anglican chapel of ease.
Protestant Nonconformity has a long history in the district. Baptist worship has taken place at Dormansland since 1792, and the church (which occupies a building dating from 1817) helped to found several others in the area—such as those at Lingfield and Smallfield (both now closed). The isolated Pains Hill Chapel near Limpsfield has existed since 1823, and since World War II Evangelical congregations have developed in Hurst Green and Smallfield. Meanwhile, the village of Newchapel was chosen as the site of England's first Latter-day Saints' Temple, named the London England Temple. The main towns have places of worship serving a wider variety of denominations: the Congregational Federation can be found in Caterham, Oxted has an Open Brethren Gospel Hall, and a Christian Science church, and both places support Roman Catholic and United Reformed congregations. Oxted's Catholic and United Reformed churches are both Grade II-listed: the former, a "quite exceptional building" of the early 20th century, combines the Perpendicular Gothic Revival and Arts and Crafts styles, while the Church of the Peace of God (the United Reformed church) is a 1930s interpretation of the Byzantine style. The Methodist Statistical Returns published in 1947 recorded chapels of Wesleyan Methodist origin in Bletchingley, Caterham (the "Guards' Church", used by the public and by soldiers at the nearby barracks), Caterham Valley, Lingfield and Warlingham. Caterham's chapel, registered in 1904, is still in use; Warlingham's was replaced by a new building on the same site in 1961; Lingfield's is now in secular use; and the other two do not survive. A new Methodist church building was also registered in 1961 in Hurst Green. Elsewhere, the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church have a meeting room in the former goods yard next to Upper Warlingham railway station in Whyteleafe and another on the borders of Whyteleafe and Caterham.
Religious affiliation
According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, 82,998 people lived in the district of Tandridge. Of these, 64.87% identified themselves as Christian, 0.74% were Hindu, 0.72% were Muslim, 0.36% were Buddhist, 0.16% were Jewish, 0.07% were Sikh, 0.32% followed another religion, 25.27% claimed no religious affiliation and 7.5% did not state their religion. The proportion of Christians was much higher than the 59.38% in England as a whole. Adherents of Islam, Hinduism, Judaism and Sikhism and Buddhism were much less prevalent in the district than in England overall: in 2011, 5.02% of people in England were Muslim, 1.52% were Hindu, 0.79% were Sikh, 0.49% were Jewish and 0.45% were Buddhist. The proportion of people who followed religions not mentioned in the Census was also lower than the national figure of 0.43%. The proportion of people with no religious affiliation was slightly higher than the 24.74% recorded at a national level.
Administration
Anglican churches
All of Tandridge district's Anglican churches are administered by the Anglican Diocese of Southwark, the seat of which is Southwark Cathedral in London. There are three episcopal areas within the diocese, each of which has two archdeaconries; in turn these each cover a number of deaneries. Caterham Deanery and Godstone Deanery, both of which are in the Reigate Archdeaconry and the Croydon Episcopal Area, cover all the district's churches. The three churches at Caterham, two each at Warlingham and Woldingham, and those at Chaldon, Chelsham, Farleigh and Whyteleafe, are administered by Caterham Deanery. Godstone Deanery includes the churches at Bletchingley, Blindley Heath, Burstow, Crowhurst, Dormansland, Felbridge, Godstone, Horne, Hurst Green, Limpsfield, Limpsfield Chart, Lingfield, Nutfield, Outwood, Oxted, South Godstone, South Nutfield, Tandridge and Tatsfield. The church hall at Smallfield in the parish of Burstow is also used for services and is accordingly part of the Deanery.
Roman Catholic churches
There are Roman Catholic churches at Caterham, Lingfield, Oxted and Warlingham. They are administered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arundel and Brighton, whose cathedral is at Arundel in West Sussex. Caterham, Oxted and Warlingham are part of the Redhill Deanery, one of 13 deaneries in the diocese, while Lingfield is in Crawley Deanery as it is part of a joint parish with East Grinstead in West Sussex. The former church at Whyteleafe was also part of Redhill Deanery. Occasional Catholic Masses were held for many years at the Anglican church in Tatsfield, which was covered by the parish of Oxted and Warlingham, but these had ceased by 2019.
Other denominations
Dormansland Baptist Church is within the Tonbridge Network of the South Eastern Baptist Association, and Godstone Baptist Church is part of that organisation's Gatwick Network. The three Methodist churches in the district—at Caterham, Hurst Green and Warlingham—are part of the seven-church Purley Methodist Circuit. The Southern Synod, one of 13 synods of the United Reformed Church in the United Kingdom, administers the United Reformed churches at Caterham and Oxted. Smallfield Evangelical Church is a member of the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches (FIEC), a pastoral and administrative network of about 500 churches with an evangelical outlook, and of Affinity (formerly the British Evangelical Council), a network of conservative Evangelical congregations throughout Great Britain. Caterham Community Church, Dormansland Baptist Church, Godstone Baptist Church, King's Church at Oxted, Oakhall Church and Whyteleafe United Free Church maintain links with the Evangelical Alliance. Caterham Community Church is also part of the Congregational Federation, an association of independent Congregational churches in Great Britain. The federation came into existence in 1972 when the Congregational Church in England and Wales merged with several other denominations to form the United Reformed Church. Certain congregations wanted to remain independent of this, and instead joined the Congregational Federation. As of January 2021 there were 235 churches in the Federation. Oakhall Church, also in Caterham, is one of 11 churches in the South East region of Partnership UK, a charitable incorporated organisation which acts as a support network for independent and self-governing churches.
Current places of worship
Former places of worship
Former places of worship demolished since 2000
Notes
References
Bibliography
(Available online in 14 parts; Guide to abbreviations on page 6)
Tandridge District
Tandridge District
Tandridge District
Churches
Lists of buildings and structures in Surrey |
Gregory Blakemoor Norton (born July 6, 1972) is an American former professional baseball corner infielder. He spent 13 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) with six teams from 1996 through 2009. Since his retirement as a player, he has worked in the minor league system of the Florida Marlins, served as a coach for Auburn University, and was the minor league hitting coordinator for the Boston Red Sox.
Early life
Born in San Leandro, California, Norton attended the University of Oklahoma. In 1992, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star. Norton's father Jerry was arrested and later convicted of murder after the 1989 strangulation death of his wife. Jerry Norton was later sentenced to 25 years to life in prison.
Professional career
Chicago White Sox
Norton made his major league debut on August 18, for the Chicago White Sox, entering the game against the Milwaukee Brewers in the eighth inning as a pinch-runner for designated hitter Harold Baines. He would score his first run three batters later on a two-out RBI single by left fielder Tony Phillips. Norton would get his first major league base hit the very next night against the Detroit Tigers, when he singled against reliever José Lima as a pinch-hitter. His most productive year in Chicago came in , when he hit .255 while recording 50 RBI and hitting 16 homers despite splitting playing time at first base with 3 other players (including slugger Frank Thomas).
Colorado Rockies
Playing for the Colorado Rockies from the season until , Norton compiled a .252 batting average in 344 games played. Norton played four positions for the Rockies his first year with the team, including starting at first base for All-Star Todd Helton for the only five games Helton rested that year. In his final year with the Rockies, Norton led the majors in successful pinch hits and pinch-hit RBI. However, he was granted free agency at the end of the 2003 season.
Detroit Tigers
was a forgettable year for Norton, as he split time with the Detroit Tigers and their minor-league team in Toledo. Tigers first baseman Carlos Peña led the team in home runs that year, leaving very little room for Norton. A knee inflammation also kept him on the disabled list for over a month.
Tampa Bay Devil Rays
On January 11, , Norton signed a minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. He was brought up to the majors on April 26 when Jorge Cantú was placed on the disabled list. In Norton's first year as a D-Ray, he bested his season home run total (17) and started a career high 26 games in right field. He missed making the Opening Day roster while going under the knife to surgically repair his right knee. On Mother's Day, May 14, 2006, Norton was one of more than 50 hitters who brandished a pink bat to benefit the Breast Cancer Foundation.
Seattle Mariners
On February 13, , Norton signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Seattle Mariners. He was purchased from the minors and added to the active roster on April 11, when Charlton Jimerson was designated for assignment. On April 30, Norton was designated for assignment despite batting .438 in 16 at-bats.
Atlanta Braves
On May 5, Norton was traded to the Atlanta Braves for cash considerations. In 2008, Norton led the major leagues in pinch hit home runs, with three. On December 19, 2008, Norton signed a one-year contract worth $800,000 to return to the Braves. In 2009, he collected only 11 hits in 76 at-bats with Atlanta.
Coaching career
Norton began a coaching career within the Florida Marlins farm system in 2010, acting as hitting coach and then manager of the New Orleans Zephyrs. In July 2013, he was named hitting coach for the Auburn Tigers baseball program. Norton left his position in the Marlins organization to join coach Sunny Golloway at Auburn. In January 2016, Norton was hired by the Boston Red Sox to be the team's minor league hitting coordinator. The Red Sox declined to renew Norton's contract after the 2021 season.
References
External links
, or Pura Pelota website
1972 births
Living people
Atlanta Braves players
Birmingham Barons players
Charlotte Knights players
Chatham Anglers players
Chicago White Sox players
Colorado Rockies players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
Durham Bulls players
Gulf Coast White Sox players
Gwinnett Braves players
Hickory Crawdads players
Major League Baseball designated hitters
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball outfielders
Major League Baseball third basemen
Minor league baseball coaches
Minor league baseball managers
Montgomery Biscuits players
Nashville Sounds players
Oklahoma Sooners baseball players
Sportspeople from San Leandro, California
Baseball players from Alameda County, California
Seattle Mariners players
South Bend Silver Hawks players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Tampa Bay Devil Rays players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
University of Oklahoma alumni
Auburn Tigers baseball coaches |
Mark Bin Bakar is an Indigenous Australian musician, comedian and radio announcer, writer, director/producer as well as an indigenous rights campaigner based in Broome, in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. He is best known for his radio and television character, the acid-tongued Mary Geddarrdyu or Mary G, who has gained a national cult following and has been described as a Dame Edna Everage in thongs. In character Mary G has hosted a radio program and hosted a variety show broadcast nationally on SBS Television.
Career
Mary G
The son of a Catholic Indigenous mother and a Malay Muslim father from Singapore, Bakar created the character Mary G as a Stolen Generations woman like his mother. She first featured on Bin Bakar's radio show in Broome at Radio Goolarri in 1993 where she tackled issues of domestic violence, sexual health and reconciliation, and was particularly popular with aboriginal women.
The Mary G show has played at the Sydney Opera House and at festivals and conferences right around Australia. The Mary G show has also travelled to rural and remote communities across the country, including an extensive tour right across W A.
Bakar continues to present the Mary G radio show for three hours every Wednesday night; it is broadcast to over 100 radio stations via the National Indigenous Radio Service (NIRS). He also tours across the country with his live cabaret show. He is only able to combine these two activities because he carries a portable radio studio whenever he leaves home base in Broome.
Music
Bakar was the founder of Stompen Ground, a musical event that was held in Broome and televised nationally. Mary G won a Deadly Award in 2005 for Excellence in Film or Theatrical Score.
Bakar is a talented musician in his own right and was in WA Indigenous bands such as 'Section 54' and 'Footprince'. Twenty years ago, Bakar established Ab Music in Perth; Ab Music is a place for teaching Aboriginal people to be musicians.
Activism
Bakar has also been actively involved in seeking justice for members of the Stolen Generations; part of this involvement has been through chairing the Kimberley Stolen Generations Corporation. He has also produced two albums of songs about the Stolen Generations. Bakar was also an inaugural deputy convenor of the 'Stolen Generations Alliance' formed in 2006.
On 11 July 2007, he did a three-hour show with The Pigram Brothers, also from Broome, and other musicians in the Berrimah Jail, Darwin. This was broadcast live over the NIRS Network; this concert broadcast is without precedent, being the first national broadcast of a 'jail concert'. In 2009 he appeared at the one movement concert for aboriginal reconciliation.
Bakar gave a number of keynote addresses in 2006 and 2007, including a speech given in the Great Hall of Parliament house in Canberra on Sorry Day 2007.
Awards
In 2007, Bakar was honoured to be named the NAIDOC Person of the year in recognition of his work.
Also in 2007, it was announced that Bakar was "West Australian of the Year", which made him a finalist for Australian of the Year in 2008.
References
Something Mary, Broome Happenings, 13 January 2006, p. 3
External links
The Black Queen of the Kimberley, Mary G
Deadlys nomination 2005
Mary G's Home Page
Snap, Cackle and Pop, Sydney Morning Herald, 27 May 2005
Australian radio presenters
Indigenous Australians from Western Australia
Living people
Australian indigenous rights activists
Australian people of Malay descent
Australian people of Singaporean descent
Australian Muslims
Australian male comedians
Australian satirists
Muslim male comedians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Jan Christoffel Hofmeyr (8 May 1829 – 17 February 1898) also known as Stoffel Hofmeyr was a notary, financier, benefactor and Mayor of Cape Town.
Early life and career
Hofmeyr was the second son of Hendrik Johannes Hofmeyr and his wife Antonia Maria Berrangé. He attended the Tot Nut van het Algemeen school for 1835 to 1838 and the South African College from 1839 to 1841, where he was taught by Dr Antoine Changuion and developed a great love for the Dutch language and culture. As a young man he relocated to Burgersdorp as a legal agent and wool speculator. He was registered as a notary in 1853 and as a conveyancer in 1863.
Public life
Hofmeyr returned to Cape Town in 1865 as a wealthy man and as he engaged in moneylending on a large scale. He was particularly interested in municipal affairs and became a member of the city council and was Mayor of Cape Town between 1878 and 1879. He served on the municipal financial committee for many years and was also a member of the divisional council and for many years an executive member of the Cape branch of the political party, the Afrikaner Bond.
Hofmeyr was as a great benefactor to the Groote Kerk in Cape Town. In 1877 he donated funds to the church to build offices, later known as the 'Hofmeyr Chambers', and shortly thereafter, he donated a second amount for the erection of a further double-storey office building adjacent to the church. He made a provision in his will to the effect that, six months after his death, a Hofmeyr Charity Fund was to be established for the Groote Kerk. He also made several further bequests in his will to the Church and stipulated, among other things, an amount for a Congregation Fund, the interest of which was to be used for needy children and he also bequeathed £20,000 to the congregation on condition that at least two services be held in Dutch every Sunday.
Hofmeyr was married twice and had no children.
References
1829 births
1898 deaths
Mayors of Cape Town
19th-century South African people |
Marcellus is a village in Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,198 at the 2010 census. The village is located within Marcellus Township. It is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,198 people, 441 households, and 327 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 493 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 96.5% White, 1.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.
There were 441 households, of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 16.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.9% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.13.
The median age in the village was 34.9 years. 29.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.3% were from 25 to 44; 21.5% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,162 people, 437 households, and 319 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 462 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 96.82% White, 0.86% African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.34% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.12% of the population.
There were 437 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 30.1% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $38,958, and the median income for a family was $45,000. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $22,826 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,296. About 8.3% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.
History
The first settler in the Marcellus area was John Bair, who came in October 1832. He was followed almost a year later by Daniel Driskel, in 1833. In 1835, 11 other families settled in Marcellus, and by 1836, 28 families had settled there.
At the time of the organization of the township the citizens wanted to call it Cambria; however, since there was already a township by that name in Michigan, their Representative at that time, Judge Littlejohn of Allegan, proposed they name it after Roman Emperor Flavius Marcellus. As a result, on June 16, 1843, the township was officially named Marcellus. Elections were held on the same night and Daniel G. Rouse was elected Township Supervisor, Guerdor R. Beebee was elected Treasurer, and Ephraim Huyatt was elected Clerk.
In the winter of 1870–71 the Peninsular Railroad came through Marcellus, infusing life into the small township. The depot was originally on the east side of town; however, because the business district was far from the depot, the depot was moved in 1898. After this move, business began rapidly expanding and an addition was added to the station to meet the increased traffic demands. By 1911, ten passenger trains stopped at the depot every day.
Marcellus became an official village in 1879, with over 500 residents. Three years later it had grown and included 2 churches, 3 dry goods stores, 3 groceries, 3 millinery shops, 2 drug stores, 2 meat markets, 2 hotels, 2 tin shops, a bank, 2 stave factories, 2 harness shops, a hardware store, a furniture store, a restaurant, a printing business, a tailor shop, a cooper shop, a steam saw mill, a sash and blind manufacturer, 4 doctors, 2 lawyers, 2 justices of the peace, and a newspaper.
During its height, Marcellus was also home to two theaters, a bowling alley, and a pool hall. Each year it hosts the National Bluegill Frolic, and previously hosted a parade, fishing tournament, and beauty pageant which attracted thousands each year.
Marcellus is the home town of the Head Strength and Conditioning Coach for the San Francisco 49ers, Dustin Perry. Perry attended Marcellus High School before leaving to attend college at Western Michigan and beginning his coaching career.
Education
It is zoned to Marcellus Community Schools.
References
Cass County Historical Commission (1981). Historical Reflections of Cass County, The Ink Well.
Rogers, H.R (1875). History of Cass County Michigan, Vigilant Book & Job Print.
"The History of Marcellus" (2000). A video project of the Marcellus Township Friends of the Library. Vincint Soo & Co. Kalamazoo MI.
Villages in Cass County, Michigan
Villages in Michigan
South Bend – Mishawaka metropolitan area |
The 1967 Victorian Football Association season was the 86th season of the top division of the Australian rules football competition, and the seventh season of second division competition. The Division 1 premiership was won by the Dandenong Football Club, after it defeated Port Melbourne in a controversial Grand Final on 24 September by 25 points; it was Dandenong's first Division 1 premiership. The Division 2 premiership was won by Oakleigh, in its first season after relegation from Division 1.
Division 1
The Division 1 home-and-home season was played over 18 rounds; the top four then contested the finals under the Page–McIntyre system. The finals were held for the first time at the Punt Road Oval, in Richmond.
Ladder
Finals
Grand Final
Dandenong won the Grand Final, which is best remembered for the controversial events of its second quarter. After seeing a free kick go against a teammate, Port Melbourne full forward John Peck approached and argued with umpire David Jackson. Jackson reported Peck for using abusive language and for disputing his decisions, and Peck repeatedly turned away from Jackson to prevent him from seeing his guernsey number to report him. Port Melbourne was already unhappy with the lopsided free kick count against it; and, after seeing this incident, Port Melbourne captain-coach Brian Buckley assembled his team to walk off the ground and forfeit the match in protest at Jackson's performance; much of the team had already reached the sidelines before Port Melbourne club officials ordered them to return to the ground. The rest of the game was played without incident, and Dandenong went on to win by 25 points.
Awards
The leading goalkicker for the season was Johnny Walker (Preston), who kicked 80 goals during the home-and-home season.
The J. J. Liston Trophy was won by Jim Sullivan (Coburg), who polled 38 votes. Paul Ladds (Sandringham) finished second with 27 votes, before he died in a car accident in the final week of the home-and-away season; Denis Dalton (Preston) and Rod Evans (Dandenong) were equal third with 22 votes.
Waverley won the seconds premiership. Waverley 13.19 (97) defeated Preston 11.4 (70) in the Grand Final, played as a stand-alone match on Saturday 23 September at Skinner Reserve before a crowd of 300.
Division 2
The Division 2 home-and-home season was played over eighteen rounds; the top four then contested the finals under the Page–McIntyre system. All finals were played on Sundays at Coburg Oval, after having been played at Toorak Park from 1961 until 1966; crowds at Coburg were much lower than they had been at Toorak Park, and finals returned to Toorak Park in 1968.
Ladder
Finals
Awards
The leading goalkicker for Division 2 was Frank Power (Mordialloc) who kicked 84 goals for the season.
The Division 2 Best and Fairest was originally won outright by Larry Rowe (Caulfield), who polled 22 votes, including seven first preferences; Colin Sleep (Northcote) originally finished in second place on a countback, polling 22 votes with five first preferences. However, following a decision in 1989, the countback was retrospectively eliminated, and both players are now recognized as joint Best and Fairest winners. Graeme Wapling (Oakleigh) was third with 19 votes.
Northcote won the seconds premiership, defeating Sunshine in the Grand Final Replay. In the Grand Final on Saturday 9 September, Northcote 13.11 (89) drew Sunshine 13.11 (89); in the Grand Final Replay on Sunday 17 September, Northcote 13.12 (90) defeated Sunshine 10.8 (68). Both matches were stand-alone games played at Skinner Reserve.
Notable events
Transfer fees
In early April, shortly before the start of the season, the Association Board on Management agreed by a 25–14 majority to impose a minimum transfer fee of $3,000 for any of its players. The fee was an attempt to stem the flow of young Association players to the Victorian Football League, and also to increase the financial reward to Association clubs for developing League-standard players if they did leave.
There were several problems which made the Association's move impractical. Outside the Association and among many clubs who had voted against the motion, the $3,000 price tag was considered to be outrageously and unrealistically high, considering that most of the players involved were young players being rated solely on their potential. Additionally, while transfer fees were an established practice in British and American football, there was not yet a formal transfer fee system within Australian football. Finally, the Victorian Football League's player payment laws (the "Coulter Laws") specifically prohibited the "buying" of players from other clubs – and therefore any club which paid a transfer fee to the Association would be in breach of League rules.
Shortly after the fee was imposed, the dissenting Association clubs led a campaign to repeal it, fearing reprisal from the League. True to these fears, the League Board of Management voted in late April to end its 1949 reciprocity agreement with the Association, allowing Association players to transfer directly to the League without a clearance; players who did so were suspended from the Association for five years, but the suspension was not recognised in the League. There were few such transfers over the following years, in part because players were reluctant to risk a five-year ban from the Association if they were never able to forge a successful League career. The highest profile move before the 1967 season was that of young Prahran centreman Kevin Sheedy, who went to without a clearance and without Prahran receiving any of the $5,000 transfer fee which was set for him.
On 5 May, the Association Board of Management agreed by an overwhelming majority to reduce the minimum transfer fee to $500 per player (with a maximum of $5,000), after an earlier motion to rescind the minimum transfer fee entirely failed to gain the two-thirds majority it required. Despite the change, its reciprocity agreement with the League was not reinstated. The transfer fee rule remained in place until April 1969.
Other notable events
Starting from 1967, television channel ATV-0 (part of modern-day Network Ten) began to telecast Association games as part of its weekend sports coverage, in conjunction with its horse racing coverage. ATV-0 broadcast one live game on each Saturday and Sunday through the season, at a time when League games were generally televised only as partial replays. Over the following decade, the higher profile brought by television coverage resulted in a marked increase in the popularity of the Association, and attendances more than doubled between 1967 and 1975.
On 30 July, in a rematch of the previous two Grand Finals, Port Melbourne 16.14 (110) defeated Waverley 14.16 (100) at Central Reserve, after having trailed 8.6 (54) to 13.15 (93) by 39 points at three-quarter time.
External links
List of VFA/VFL premiers
References
Victorian Football League seasons
VFL |
De Veenhoop () is a village in Smallingerland municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 245 in January 2017.
History
The village was first mentioned between 1851 and 1855 as De Veenhoop, and means "place where peat is excavated". De Veenhoop developed in the late 19th century at the intersection of the Polderhoofdkanaal and the Grietmansrak as a peat excavation village.
Nature
The Petgatten de Feanhoop is a nature area on the edge of De Alde Feanen National Park. The area of lakes and swamp forest attracted a large variety of bird life, and is a protected area since 1996.
Gallery
References
External links
Populated places in Friesland
Smallingerland |
An election was held in the Australian state of Queensland on 9 September 2006 to elect the 89 members of the state's Legislative Assembly, after being announced by Premier Peter Beattie on 15 August 2006.
The election saw the incumbent Labor government led by Premier Peter Beattie defeat the National-Liberal Coalition led by Lawrence Springborg and Bruce Flegg respectively, and gain a fourth consecutive term in office. Beattie thus became the first Labor Premier of Queensland to win four consecutive elections since William Forgan Smith did so in the 1930s. Had Beattie served out his fourth term, he would have become the second-longest serving Queensland Premier, after Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen. After the election, Springborg resigned as Opposition Leader, being replaced by Jeff Seeney.
Key dates
Results
The election result was disappointing for the Coalition. It failed to make significant gains from Labor, despite the fact that the Government had been in office for eight years and had been mired in a series of scandals in its third term. It also failed to make headway against the Independents which still held many safe rural conservative seats, winning back only Gympie. Recent instability in the Coalition, combined with a poor media performance by inexperienced Liberal leader Dr Bruce Flegg was seen as being responsible for the result. In addition, Premier Peter Beattie remained personally popular. With Labor’s huge majority largely intact, it was seen as being unlikely that the Coalition would be able to win the next election.
| colspan=7 |* The two-party preferred summary is an estimate by Antony Green using a methodology by Malcolm Mackerras.
|}
Mackerras pendulum
The following is a Mackerras pendulum for the election.
"Very safe" seats require a swing of more than 20 per cent to change, "safe" seats require a swing of between 10 and 20 per cent to change, "fairly safe" seats require a swing of between 6 and 10 per cent, while "marginal" seats require a swing of less than 6 per cent.
State of the parties before the election
Since April 2006, the ALP held 60 of the 89 seats in the Legislative Assembly, the Coalition 23 seats (16 National and seven Liberal), along with five Independents and one member of the One Nation Party. Thus to win an outright majority (45 seats), the Coalition would have needed to win an additional 22 seats from the ALP, the Independents or One Nation, assuming that they retained all of their own seats. This would have required a uniform swing against Labor of approximately 8% (such swings are very rare).
Sitting Labor member for Noosa, Cate Molloy, had resigned from the Labor Party following her disendorsement as a Labor candidate, which in turn followed her repudiation of the state government's plans to build a dam on the Mary River at Traveston. Molloy recontested the seat as an Independent.
Members who did not recontest their seats
A number of members of parliament retired at this election:
Tom Barton: Waterford, ALP
Darryl Briskey: Cleveland, ALP
Dr Lesley Clark: Barron River, ALP
Nita Cunningham: Bundaberg, ALP
Jim Fouras: Ashgrove, ALP
Don Livingstone: Ipswich West, ALP
Tony McGrady: Mount Isa, ALP
Gordon Nuttall: Sandgate, ALP
Henry Palaszczuk: Inala, ALP
Bob Quinn: Robina, Liberal
Terry Sullivan: Stafford, ALP
Marc Rowell: Hinchinbrook, Nationals
Issues
From mid-2005, after the revelation of the Jayant Patel scandal, the issue of health has become a focus of controversy, damaging to the Beattie government. After several inquiries and industrial disputes, a restructure of Queensland Health took place, and the state government is currently lobbying the federal government for more doctor training places in universities for Queensland.
Other issues of importance at the election included environmental management and land clearing, asbestos in state schools, the provision of transportation and infrastructure to rural and regional areas, and the management of South East Queensland's population growth.
Polling
Labor's high levels of support was maintained until mid-2005 when support for Labor slumped and the Coalition opened a minor lead on primary votes for the first time since 1996. However, this was eventually wiped out as Labor restored a huge lead in polls in the lead up to the election and the Coalition only managed a 0.5% swing. Even though some mid-term polls suggested a swing of up to 6% against Labor, a swing of over 8% was required for Labor to lose its majority.
Campaign
The campaign started unusually with Premier Peter Beattie denying a general election was about to be called, while residents in some Gold Coast electorates received direct mail from the ALP stating that the election had been called for September.
At a press conference on 16 August, Liberal leader Bruce Flegg stated that in the event that the Coalition won government, and the Liberal Party won more seats than the Nationals, Lawrence Springborg would still become Premier. Other Liberal Party MPs such as Michael Caltabiano disagreed, as this ran contrary to the coalition agreement signed between the two parties, which stated that whichever party won the most seats would form government. The ALP used this to attack Coalition stability in media and advertising.
Flegg was subsequently asked to leave a shopping centre in the Redcliffe suburb of Kippa-Ring for failing to obtain permission to do a campaign walkthrough. Flegg later denied that he had in fact been evicted.
On 22 August, Flegg took part in a media conference with Julie Bishop, federal Liberal Minister for Education, where he endorsed a Federal Government plan for the mandatory teaching of Australian history in schools. Responding to questions from journalists, he failed to identify the date of arrival of the Second Fleet (1790), or the person after whom Brisbane was named (noted astronomer and Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane).
Two sad twists of fate impacted the 26-day campaign - on 30 August, opposition leader Lawrence Springborg took temporary leave from the campaign after the sudden death of his father-in-law, and National Party deputy leader Jeff Seeney and Liberal leader Bruce Flegg continued the campaign in his absence. The death of TV personality Steve Irwin ("The Crocodile Hunter") on 4 September in an accident off Port Douglas, Queensland, took the media's focus away from the election in its final week.
Current Treasurer Anna Bligh has stated the coalition's major election promises of wiping out stamp duty within five years, increasing the first home buyers grant by $3,000 and introducing a 10% per litre subsidy on ethanol-blended petrol will cost $2.4 billion and has blown the budget. Lawrence Springborg says all his election promises are costed and affordable, with costings to be released two days before the election. So far these costings have not been released.
On Friday 8 September, the day before the election, Premier Beattie and Opposition Leader Springborg participated in a "great debate" at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre, moderated by ABC journalist Chris O'Brien.
Although Newspoll and other published polls showed Labor well ahead on predicted two-party-preferred vote, Labor strategists feared that people would vote for the Coalition in a protest vote, expecting Beattie not to lose. They adopted a strategy of denying Labor was in fact ahead. The Roy Morgan poll suggested the Liberal vote had fallen, while the Greens had risen to 8%.
Seats changing hands
¶The margins and swings in Chatsworth, Gaven and Redcliffe are relative to the by-election results.
†The margin for Noosa was notionally Labor, but sitting member Cate Molloy became an independent earlier in 2006. The post-election margin is National v. Labor.
See also
Candidates of the Queensland state election, 2006
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 2004–2006
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 2006–2009
Beattie Ministry
References
External links
Election analysis by Antony Green of the ABC
Elections in Queensland
2006 elections in Australia
2000s in Queensland
September 2006 events in Australia |
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFV3 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least forty-one subunits that make up the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex. This complex is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and serves to catalyze the rotenone-sensitive oxidation of NADH and the reduction of ubiquinone. The encoded protein is one of three proteins found in the flavoprotein fraction of the complex. The specific function of the encoded protein is unknown. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
References
Further reading
Human proteins |
```rust
/*
*
* This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
*/
extern crate proc_macro;
use hgrc_parser::Instruction;
use indexmap::IndexMap;
use proc_macro::TokenStream;
use proc_macro::TokenTree;
/// Generate `StaticConfig` from a static string in rc format:
///
/// ```ignore
/// static_rc!(
/// r#"
/// [section]
/// name = value
/// "#
/// )
/// ```
#[proc_macro]
pub fn static_rc(tokens: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
// Extract.
let content: String = match extract_string_literal(tokens.clone()) {
Some(content) => content,
None => panic!(
"static_rc requires a single string literal, got: {:?}",
tokens
),
};
// Parse hgrc.
let mut items: Vec<(&str, &str, Option<String>)> = Vec::new();
for inst in hgrc_parser::parse(&content).expect("parse static_rc!") {
match inst {
Instruction::SetConfig {
section,
name,
value,
..
} => {
items.push((section, name, Some(value.to_string())));
}
Instruction::UnsetConfig { section, name, .. } => {
items.push((section, name, None));
}
Instruction::Include { .. } => {
panic!("static_rc! does not support %include");
}
}
}
static_config_from_items(&items)
}
fn extract_string_literal(tokens: TokenStream) -> Option<String> {
let mut result: Option<String> = None;
for token in tokens {
if result.is_some() {
return None;
}
match token {
TokenTree::Literal(lit) => {
// Extract the string out. Note public APIs of "Literal" only provides a way to get
// the content with surrounding " " or r#" "#. Use a naive approach to strip out
// the " ".
let quoted = lit.to_string();
let content = quoted.splitn(2, '"').nth(1)?.rsplitn(2, '"').nth(1)?;
let content = if quoted.starts_with('r') {
content.to_string()
} else {
// Handle escapes naively.
content.replace(r"\n", "\n")
};
result = Some(content);
continue;
}
TokenTree::Group(group) => {
result = extract_string_literal(group.stream());
}
_ => {}
}
}
result
}
/// Generate `StaticConfig` from a static string in rc format:
///
/// ```ignore
/// static_items![
/// ("section1", "name1", "value1"),
/// ("section1", "name2", "value2"),
/// ]
/// ```
#[proc_macro]
pub fn static_items(tokens: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
let mut items: Vec<(String, String, String)> = Vec::new();
for token in tokens {
if let TokenTree::Group(group) = token {
let tokens: Vec<_> = group.stream().into_iter().collect();
if let [section, _comma1, name, _comma2, value] = &tokens[..] {
let section = extract_string_literal(section.clone().into()).expect("section");
let name = extract_string_literal(name.clone().into()).expect("name");
let value = extract_string_literal(value.clone().into()).expect("value");
items.push((section, name, value));
}
}
}
let items: Vec<(&str, &str, Option<String>)> = items
.iter()
.map(|v| (v.0.as_str(), v.1.as_str(), Some(v.2.clone())))
.collect();
static_config_from_items(&items)
}
/// Generate code for `StaticConfig` for a list of `(section, name, value)`.
/// A `None` `value` means `%unset`. The order of the list is preserved in
/// APIs like `sections()` and `keys()`.
fn static_config_from_items(items: &[(&str, &str, Option<String>)]) -> TokenStream {
let mut sections: IndexMap<&str, IndexMap<&str, Option<String>>> = IndexMap::new();
for (section, name, value) in items {
sections
.entry(section)
.or_default()
.insert(name, value.clone());
}
// Generate code. Looks like:
//
// {
// use staticconfig::phf;
// // Workaround nested map. See path_to_url
// const SECTION1 = phf::phf_ordered_map! {
// "name1" => Some("value1"),
// "name2" => None, // %unset
// };
// const SECTION2 = phf::phf_ordered_map! {
// ...
// };
// ...
// const SECTIONS = phf::phf_ordered_map! {
// "section1" => SECTION1,
// "section2" => SECTION2,
// ...
// };
// staticconfig::StaticConfig {
// name: "StaticConfig",
// sections: SECTIONS,
// }
// }
let mut code = "{ use staticconfig::phf;\n".to_string();
for (i, (_section, items)) in sections.iter().enumerate() {
code += &format!(
"const SECTION{}: phf::OrderedMap<&'static str, Option<&'static str>> = phf::phf_ordered_map! {{\n",
i
);
for (name, value) in items.iter() {
code += &format!(" {:?} => {:?},\n", name, value);
}
code += "};\n";
}
code += "const SECTIONS: phf::OrderedMap<&'static str, phf::OrderedMap<&'static str, Option<&'static str>>> = phf::phf_ordered_map! {\n";
for (i, (section, _items)) in sections.iter().enumerate() {
code += &format!(" {:?} => SECTION{},\n", section, i);
}
code += "};\n";
code += r#"staticconfig::StaticConfig::from_macro_rules(SECTIONS) }"#;
code.parse().unwrap()
}
``` |
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python2
"""
VDF file reader
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
the Free Software Foundation
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""
import shlex
def parse_vdf(fileobj):
"""
Converts VDF file or file-like object into python dict
Throws ValueError if profile cannot be parsed.
"""
rv = {}
stack = [ rv ]
lexer = shlex.shlex(fileobj)
key = None
t = lexer.get_token()
while t:
if t == "{":
# Set value to dict and add it on top of stack
if key is None:
raise ValueError("Dict without key")
value = {}
if key in stack[-1]:
lst = ensure_list(stack[-1][key])
lst.append(value)
stack[-1][key] = lst
else:
stack[-1][key] = value
stack.append(value)
key = None
elif t == "}":
# Pop last dict from stack
if len(stack) < 2:
raise ValueError("'}' without '{'")
stack = stack[0:-1]
elif key is None:
key = t.strip('"').lower()
elif key in stack[-1]:
lst = ensure_list(stack[-1][key])
lst.append(t.strip('"'))
stack[-1][key] = lst
key = None
else:
stack[-1][key] = t.strip('"')
key = None
t = lexer.get_token()
if len(stack) > 1:
raise ValueError("'{' without '}'")
return rv
def ensure_list(value):
"""
If value is list, returns same value.
Otherwise, returns [ value ]
"""
return value if type(value) == list else [ value ]
if __name__ == "__main__":
print parse_vdf(file('app_generic.vdf', "r"))
``` |
Arthur Rowland Gardiner (14 March 1876 – 11 February 1948) was an Australian politician.
Gardiner was born in Windsor, New South Wales and educated at Windsor and Sydney Superior public schools and Sydney Teachers' College (now part of the University of Sydney). He was a state school teacher from 1893 until 1903 at Sydney-area schools and from 1903 until 1910 in the Newcastle area. He was the ALP member for Newcastle in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1910 to 1916, when he left the party on the conscription issue. He then represented Newcastle as a "Labor Independent" and "independent" member until 1922. He stood as a Nationalist candidate in the state elections of 1927 and 1930. He married Maud Lois Christmas at St Clements in Marrickville on 22 July 1920 and died in the Sydney suburb of Earlwood.
Notes
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
1876 births
1948 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales |
```python
from cStringIO import StringIO
from json.tests import PyTest, CTest
class TestDump(object):
def test_dump(self):
sio = StringIO()
self.json.dump({}, sio)
self.assertEqual(sio.getvalue(), '{}')
def test_dumps(self):
self.assertEqual(self.dumps({}), '{}')
def test_encode_truefalse(self):
self.assertEqual(self.dumps(
{True: False, False: True}, sort_keys=True),
'{"false": true, "true": false}')
self.assertEqual(self.dumps(
{2: 3.0, 4.0: 5L, False: 1, 6L: True}, sort_keys=True),
'{"false": 1, "2": 3.0, "4.0": 5, "6": true}')
# Issue 16228: Crash on encoding resized list
def test_encode_mutated(self):
a = [object()] * 10
def crasher(obj):
del a[-1]
self.assertEqual(self.dumps(a, default=crasher),
'[null, null, null, null, null]')
class TestPyDump(TestDump, PyTest): pass
class TestCDump(TestDump, CTest): pass
``` |
Nuno Miguel de Magalhães Fonseca (born 30 January 1982 in Guimarães) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.
Football career
Earlier in his senior career, Fonseca was under contract to both FC Porto and S.C. Braga, but only represented its reserve sides. In 2005, he signed for Moreirense F.C. in the second division, suffering relegation at the end of the season.
After splitting the following years with Moreirense and F.C. Famalicão, Fonseca moved to Romania in June 2008, signing with AFC Progresul București in the second level. However, after a couple of months, he terminated his contract.
On 22 January of the following year, Fonseca joined PFC Lokomotiv Mezdra of Bulgaria on a three-year deal. He made his debut with his new club two days later, in a 6–0 friendly routing of FC Botev Krivodol, but appeared rarely throughout the campaign as the team finished in mid-table.
Fonseca returned home in the 2009 summer, signing with division three side Gondomar SC. After two seasons the 29-year-old moved abroad again, with G.D. Interclube in Angola.
External links
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Guimarães
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
Vitória S.C. players
FC Porto B players
C.F. União de Lamas players
S.C. Braga B players
Moreirense F.C. players
F.C. Famalicão players
Gondomar S.C. players
FC Progresul București players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
FC Lokomotiv Mezdra players
Girabola players
G.D. Interclube players
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's footballers in Angola
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria |
The gens Burbuleia, occasionally written Burboleia, was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are mentioned in the time of Cicero, but the only one who achieved any distinction in the Roman state was Lucius Burbuleius Optatus, consul in AD 135.
Origin
The nomen Burbuleius belongs to a large class of gentilicia ending in -eius, typically formed from Oscan names originally ending in -as. However, as the number of such gentile names grew, -eius came to be regarded as a regular gentile-forming suffix, and was applied in cases where it had no morphological justification, so it cannot be determined whether the root of Burbuleius is Oscan, or perhaps a Latin cognomen, like Burbulus. There was a family of this name from Minturnae, in southern Latium, which would be consistent with either a Latin or Oscan origin. Minturnae was originally a town of the Ausones, which received a Roman colony in 296 BC.
Branches and cognomina
The only distinct family of the Burbuleii bore the surname Optatus, desired or welcome. The consul Optatus had the additional surname Ligarianus, which in Republican times would normally have indicated adoption from the Ligarian gens, but by the second century such nomenclature usually indicates descent from a family through the female line. Secunda, borne by Burbuleia, the wife of Cornelius Hilarus, was a personal or individualizing surname, derived from the old Latin praenomen Secunda, originally given to a second daughter.
Members
Burbuleius, a comic actor who lent his name to Gaius Scribonius Curio, the consul of 76 BC, who despite his excellent elocution was ridiculed for his lack of knowledge, slow thinking, and awkward gesticulations.
Burbuleia Secunda, buried at Rome with her daughter, Cornelia Fortunata, aged twenty-two years, five months, in a tomb built by her husband, Marcus Cornelius Hilarus.
Burboleius C. f., named in an inscription from Rome.
Lucius Burbuleius Optatus, buried at Minturnae in Latium, aged twenty-six years, eight months.
Lucius Burbuleius Optatus, father of the consul Ligarianus.
Lucius Burbuleius L. f. Optatus Ligarianus, consul suffectus in AD 135, had been prefect of the public treasury, quaestor, plebeian aedile, praetor, one of the Sodales Augustales, and was at various times governor of Syria, Cappadocia, and Sicily.
Lucius Burbuleius Matutinus, one of the Seviri Augustales at Suasa during the mid-second century.
See also
List of Roman gentes
References
Bibliography
Titus Livius (Livy), History of Rome.
Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History.
Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings).
Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Historia Naturalis (Natural History).
Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present).
George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898).
Olli Salomies, Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature in the Roman Empire, Societas Scientiarum Fenica, Helsinki (1992).
John C. Traupman, The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York (1995).
Roman gentes |
```scala
/*
*/
package com.lightbend.internal.broker
import akka.persistence.query.Offset
import akka.stream.scaladsl.Source
import com.lightbend.lagom.scaladsl.api.broker.Subscriber
import com.lightbend.lagom.scaladsl.api.broker.Topic
import com.lightbend.lagom.scaladsl.persistence.AggregateEvent
import com.lightbend.lagom.scaladsl.persistence.AggregateEventTag
import scala.collection.immutable
trait InternalTopic[Message] extends Topic[Message] {
final override def topicId: Topic.TopicId =
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Topic#topicId is not permitted in the service's topic implementation")
final override def subscribe: Subscriber[Message] =
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Topic#subscribe is not permitted in the service's topic implementation.")
}
final class TaggedOffsetTopicProducer[Message, Event <: AggregateEvent[Event]](
val tags: immutable.Seq[AggregateEventTag[Event]],
val readSideStream: (AggregateEventTag[Event], Offset) => Source[(Message, Offset), _]
) extends InternalTopic[Message]
``` |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_X87_CODE_STUBS_X87_H_
#define V8_X87_CODE_STUBS_X87_H_
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
void ArrayNativeCode(MacroAssembler* masm,
bool construct_call,
Label* call_generic_code);
class StringHelper : public AllStatic {
public:
// Generate code for copying characters using the rep movs instruction.
// Copies ecx characters from esi to edi. Copying of overlapping regions is
// not supported.
static void GenerateCopyCharacters(MacroAssembler* masm,
Register dest,
Register src,
Register count,
Register scratch,
String::Encoding encoding);
// Compares two flat one byte strings and returns result in eax.
static void GenerateCompareFlatOneByteStrings(MacroAssembler* masm,
Register left, Register right,
Register scratch1,
Register scratch2,
Register scratch3);
// Compares two flat one byte strings for equality and returns result in eax.
static void GenerateFlatOneByteStringEquals(MacroAssembler* masm,
Register left, Register right,
Register scratch1,
Register scratch2);
private:
static void GenerateOneByteCharsCompareLoop(
MacroAssembler* masm, Register left, Register right, Register length,
Register scratch, Label* chars_not_equal,
Label::Distance chars_not_equal_near = Label::kFar);
DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(StringHelper);
};
class NameDictionaryLookupStub: public PlatformCodeStub {
public:
enum LookupMode { POSITIVE_LOOKUP, NEGATIVE_LOOKUP };
NameDictionaryLookupStub(Isolate* isolate, Register dictionary,
Register result, Register index, LookupMode mode)
: PlatformCodeStub(isolate) {
minor_key_ = DictionaryBits::encode(dictionary.code()) |
ResultBits::encode(result.code()) |
IndexBits::encode(index.code()) | LookupModeBits::encode(mode);
}
static void GenerateNegativeLookup(MacroAssembler* masm,
Label* miss,
Label* done,
Register properties,
Handle<Name> name,
Register r0);
static void GeneratePositiveLookup(MacroAssembler* masm,
Label* miss,
Label* done,
Register elements,
Register name,
Register r0,
Register r1);
bool SometimesSetsUpAFrame() override { return false; }
private:
static const int kInlinedProbes = 4;
static const int kTotalProbes = 20;
static const int kCapacityOffset =
NameDictionary::kHeaderSize +
NameDictionary::kCapacityIndex * kPointerSize;
static const int kElementsStartOffset =
NameDictionary::kHeaderSize +
NameDictionary::kElementsStartIndex * kPointerSize;
Register dictionary() const {
return Register::from_code(DictionaryBits::decode(minor_key_));
}
Register result() const {
return Register::from_code(ResultBits::decode(minor_key_));
}
Register index() const {
return Register::from_code(IndexBits::decode(minor_key_));
}
LookupMode mode() const { return LookupModeBits::decode(minor_key_); }
class DictionaryBits: public BitField<int, 0, 3> {};
class ResultBits: public BitField<int, 3, 3> {};
class IndexBits: public BitField<int, 6, 3> {};
class LookupModeBits: public BitField<LookupMode, 9, 1> {};
DEFINE_NULL_CALL_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR();
DEFINE_PLATFORM_CODE_STUB(NameDictionaryLookup, PlatformCodeStub);
};
class RecordWriteStub: public PlatformCodeStub {
public:
RecordWriteStub(Isolate* isolate, Register object, Register value,
Register address, RememberedSetAction remembered_set_action,
SaveFPRegsMode fp_mode)
: PlatformCodeStub(isolate),
regs_(object, // An input reg.
address, // An input reg.
value) { // One scratch reg.
minor_key_ = ObjectBits::encode(object.code()) |
ValueBits::encode(value.code()) |
AddressBits::encode(address.code()) |
RememberedSetActionBits::encode(remembered_set_action) |
SaveFPRegsModeBits::encode(fp_mode);
}
RecordWriteStub(uint32_t key, Isolate* isolate)
: PlatformCodeStub(key, isolate), regs_(object(), address(), value()) {}
enum Mode {
STORE_BUFFER_ONLY,
INCREMENTAL,
INCREMENTAL_COMPACTION
};
bool SometimesSetsUpAFrame() override { return false; }
static const byte kTwoByteNopInstruction = 0x3c; // Cmpb al, #imm8.
static const byte kTwoByteJumpInstruction = 0xeb; // Jmp #imm8.
static const byte kFiveByteNopInstruction = 0x3d; // Cmpl eax, #imm32.
static const byte kFiveByteJumpInstruction = 0xe9; // Jmp #imm32.
static Mode GetMode(Code* stub) {
byte first_instruction = stub->instruction_start()[0];
byte second_instruction = stub->instruction_start()[2];
if (first_instruction == kTwoByteJumpInstruction) {
return INCREMENTAL;
}
DCHECK(first_instruction == kTwoByteNopInstruction);
if (second_instruction == kFiveByteJumpInstruction) {
return INCREMENTAL_COMPACTION;
}
DCHECK(second_instruction == kFiveByteNopInstruction);
return STORE_BUFFER_ONLY;
}
static void Patch(Code* stub, Mode mode) {
switch (mode) {
case STORE_BUFFER_ONLY:
DCHECK(GetMode(stub) == INCREMENTAL ||
GetMode(stub) == INCREMENTAL_COMPACTION);
stub->instruction_start()[0] = kTwoByteNopInstruction;
stub->instruction_start()[2] = kFiveByteNopInstruction;
break;
case INCREMENTAL:
DCHECK(GetMode(stub) == STORE_BUFFER_ONLY);
stub->instruction_start()[0] = kTwoByteJumpInstruction;
break;
case INCREMENTAL_COMPACTION:
DCHECK(GetMode(stub) == STORE_BUFFER_ONLY);
stub->instruction_start()[0] = kTwoByteNopInstruction;
stub->instruction_start()[2] = kFiveByteJumpInstruction;
break;
}
DCHECK(GetMode(stub) == mode);
CpuFeatures::FlushICache(stub->instruction_start(), 7);
}
DEFINE_NULL_CALL_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR();
private:
// This is a helper class for freeing up 3 scratch registers, where the third
// is always ecx (needed for shift operations). The input is two registers
// that must be preserved and one scratch register provided by the caller.
class RegisterAllocation {
public:
RegisterAllocation(Register object,
Register address,
Register scratch0)
: object_orig_(object),
address_orig_(address),
scratch0_orig_(scratch0),
object_(object),
address_(address),
scratch0_(scratch0) {
DCHECK(!AreAliased(scratch0, object, address, no_reg));
scratch1_ = GetRegThatIsNotEcxOr(object_, address_, scratch0_);
if (scratch0.is(ecx)) {
scratch0_ = GetRegThatIsNotEcxOr(object_, address_, scratch1_);
}
if (object.is(ecx)) {
object_ = GetRegThatIsNotEcxOr(address_, scratch0_, scratch1_);
}
if (address.is(ecx)) {
address_ = GetRegThatIsNotEcxOr(object_, scratch0_, scratch1_);
}
DCHECK(!AreAliased(scratch0_, object_, address_, ecx));
}
void Save(MacroAssembler* masm) {
DCHECK(!address_orig_.is(object_));
DCHECK(object_.is(object_orig_) || address_.is(address_orig_));
DCHECK(!AreAliased(object_, address_, scratch1_, scratch0_));
DCHECK(!AreAliased(object_orig_, address_, scratch1_, scratch0_));
DCHECK(!AreAliased(object_, address_orig_, scratch1_, scratch0_));
// We don't have to save scratch0_orig_ because it was given to us as
// a scratch register. But if we had to switch to a different reg then
// we should save the new scratch0_.
if (!scratch0_.is(scratch0_orig_)) masm->push(scratch0_);
if (!ecx.is(scratch0_orig_) &&
!ecx.is(object_orig_) &&
!ecx.is(address_orig_)) {
masm->push(ecx);
}
masm->push(scratch1_);
if (!address_.is(address_orig_)) {
masm->push(address_);
masm->mov(address_, address_orig_);
}
if (!object_.is(object_orig_)) {
masm->push(object_);
masm->mov(object_, object_orig_);
}
}
void Restore(MacroAssembler* masm) {
// These will have been preserved the entire time, so we just need to move
// them back. Only in one case is the orig_ reg different from the plain
// one, since only one of them can alias with ecx.
if (!object_.is(object_orig_)) {
masm->mov(object_orig_, object_);
masm->pop(object_);
}
if (!address_.is(address_orig_)) {
masm->mov(address_orig_, address_);
masm->pop(address_);
}
masm->pop(scratch1_);
if (!ecx.is(scratch0_orig_) &&
!ecx.is(object_orig_) &&
!ecx.is(address_orig_)) {
masm->pop(ecx);
}
if (!scratch0_.is(scratch0_orig_)) masm->pop(scratch0_);
}
// If we have to call into C then we need to save and restore all caller-
// saved registers that were not already preserved. The caller saved
// registers are eax, ecx and edx. The three scratch registers (incl. ecx)
// will be restored by other means so we don't bother pushing them here.
void SaveCallerSaveRegisters(MacroAssembler* masm, SaveFPRegsMode mode) {
if (!scratch0_.is(eax) && !scratch1_.is(eax)) masm->push(eax);
if (!scratch0_.is(edx) && !scratch1_.is(edx)) masm->push(edx);
if (mode == kSaveFPRegs) {
// Save FPU state in m108byte.
masm->sub(esp, Immediate(108));
masm->fnsave(Operand(esp, 0));
}
}
inline void RestoreCallerSaveRegisters(MacroAssembler* masm,
SaveFPRegsMode mode) {
if (mode == kSaveFPRegs) {
// Restore FPU state in m108byte.
masm->frstor(Operand(esp, 0));
masm->add(esp, Immediate(108));
}
if (!scratch0_.is(edx) && !scratch1_.is(edx)) masm->pop(edx);
if (!scratch0_.is(eax) && !scratch1_.is(eax)) masm->pop(eax);
}
inline Register object() { return object_; }
inline Register address() { return address_; }
inline Register scratch0() { return scratch0_; }
inline Register scratch1() { return scratch1_; }
private:
Register object_orig_;
Register address_orig_;
Register scratch0_orig_;
Register object_;
Register address_;
Register scratch0_;
Register scratch1_;
// Third scratch register is always ecx.
Register GetRegThatIsNotEcxOr(Register r1,
Register r2,
Register r3) {
for (int i = 0; i < Register::NumAllocatableRegisters(); i++) {
Register candidate = Register::FromAllocationIndex(i);
if (candidate.is(ecx)) continue;
if (candidate.is(r1)) continue;
if (candidate.is(r2)) continue;
if (candidate.is(r3)) continue;
return candidate;
}
UNREACHABLE();
return no_reg;
}
friend class RecordWriteStub;
};
enum OnNoNeedToInformIncrementalMarker {
kReturnOnNoNeedToInformIncrementalMarker,
kUpdateRememberedSetOnNoNeedToInformIncrementalMarker
};
inline Major MajorKey() const final { return RecordWrite; }
void Generate(MacroAssembler* masm) override;
void GenerateIncremental(MacroAssembler* masm, Mode mode);
void CheckNeedsToInformIncrementalMarker(
MacroAssembler* masm,
OnNoNeedToInformIncrementalMarker on_no_need,
Mode mode);
void InformIncrementalMarker(MacroAssembler* masm);
void Activate(Code* code) override {
code->GetHeap()->incremental_marking()->ActivateGeneratedStub(code);
}
Register object() const {
return Register::from_code(ObjectBits::decode(minor_key_));
}
Register value() const {
return Register::from_code(ValueBits::decode(minor_key_));
}
Register address() const {
return Register::from_code(AddressBits::decode(minor_key_));
}
RememberedSetAction remembered_set_action() const {
return RememberedSetActionBits::decode(minor_key_);
}
SaveFPRegsMode save_fp_regs_mode() const {
return SaveFPRegsModeBits::decode(minor_key_);
}
class ObjectBits: public BitField<int, 0, 3> {};
class ValueBits: public BitField<int, 3, 3> {};
class AddressBits: public BitField<int, 6, 3> {};
class RememberedSetActionBits: public BitField<RememberedSetAction, 9, 1> {};
class SaveFPRegsModeBits : public BitField<SaveFPRegsMode, 10, 1> {};
RegisterAllocation regs_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(RecordWriteStub);
};
} } // namespace v8::internal
#endif // V8_X87_CODE_STUBS_X87_H_
``` |
Deh Baneh-ye Eslamabad (, also Romanized as Deh Baneh-ye Eslāmābād; also known as De-Bane, Deh Baneh, and Deh Boneh) is a village in Eslamabad Rural District, Sangar District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,625, in 998 families.
References
Populated places in Rasht County |
Yaroslav Mykhailovych Sukhyi (; born 26 March 1951) is a Ukrainian communist activist and politician and former member of the Verkhovna Rada.
Until the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in 1976-1991 he was communist party activist in Ternopil. Following the dissolution, Sukhyi found employment with the Ukrainian industrial giant Motor Sich.
In 2000-2014 Sukhyi was a member of the Verkhovna Rada representing Labour Ukraine and later Party of Regions. In 2000-2006 he was elected by an electoral district in Zaporizhzhia Oblast.
In 2010 Sukhyi served as a Governor of Ternopil Oblast.
References
External links
Profile at the Official Ukraine Today portal
1951 births
Living people
People from Ternopil Oblast
University of Lviv alumni
Zaporizhzhya National Technical University alumni
Governors of Ternopil Oblast
Third convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Seventh convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Labour Ukraine politicians
Party of Regions politicians
Recipients of the Honorary Diploma of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine |
Jelly Box () is a music channel project in South Korea, operated by Jellyfish Entertainment. It was created on June 8, 2016 and undertook to release singles periodically.
Background and release
On June 3, 2016, Jellyfish Entertainment announced the launch of their new music channel Jelly Box, through which Jellyfish Entertainment artists will explore various music genres and broaden their musical influence to the public. Jelly Box is similar to Jellyfish Entertainment’s previous project Y.Bird from Jellyfish Island and will showcase Jellyfish Entertainment artists and producers and include collaborations with artists outside of the label.
Notable singles
The first single to be released under Jelly Box was "Summer Night’s Picnic" () by Park Yoon-ha and Yoo Seung-woo and was released on June 8, 2016.
On July 14, 2016, the second single released under Jelly Box was "DamnRa" by Ravi of VIXX featuring SAM&SP3CK; a DJ/producer duo. "DamnRa" was released along with a performance music video.
The third single released under Jelly Box was "Flower Way" () by Sejeong of Gugudan and produced by Block B's Zico during an episode of the variety show Talents for Sale. "Flower Way" was released along with a music video. The song topped numerous Korean real-time digital charts when it was released on November 23, 2016. "Flower Way" also earned Sejeong her first music program win as a solo artist on the November 30th episode of Show Champion.
Singles
Notes
References
External links
Official Site
Jellyfish Entertainment
2016 establishments in South Korea |
The 19th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Three companies formerly with Col. Elmer Ellsworth's Zouave Cadets wore a zouave uniform consisting of a dark blue zouave jacket with red trimmings, red pants, leather gaiters, a sky blue shirt, red sash, and a red French styled kepi with a dark blue band. The jacket cuffs were trimmed in yellow-orange and red. Brass buttons went down both fronts of the jacket. They were organized into four separate companies on May 4, 1861, in Chicago. It was consolidated and mustered into Federal service as the 19th Illinois Volunteer Infantry on June 17, 1861. It was mustered out at Chicago on July 9, 1864.
History of the nineteenth
On May 2, 1861, the Illinois State Legislature authorized the "acceptance for State service of ten regiments of infantry," one cavalry regiment and one light artillery battalion. The act provided that "one such regiments be raised out of volunteer companies then at Springfield, as the regiment from the state at large, and one regiment from each of the nine congressional districts." On May 4, 1861, the regiment from the State at large was mustered into service at Camp Yates. By June 3, it was ordered to Chicago where it became the core of the regiment. It was eventually mustered into United States service for three years and on June 17, 1861, it became the 19th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment. The nineteenth has been revered as "a solid and expert Zouave regiment" which, until the battle of Chickamauga was remembered for its charge at Stone's River.
Companies and Counties
Company A - Cook County (Chicago Zouaves)
Company B - Stark County
Company C - Lake County
Company D - Cook County
Company E - Cook County
Company F - Carroll County
Company G - Cook County (Bridge's Battery)
Company H - Rock Island County
Company I - Cook County
Company K - Cook County (Chicago Zouaves)
Major Campaigns and battles
The 19th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment served at:
Chattanooga - At Chattanooga, it was described to have been the most strategic city to capture.
Tennessee 1862
Alabama 1862
Murfreesborough
Chickamagua
Atlanta
Service
The 19th Illinois Infantry was organized at Chicago, Illinois and mustered into federal service on June 17, 1861, for a three-year enlistment.
The regiment was mustered out of service on July 9, 1864, at its expiration of enlistment.
Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 4 officers and 60 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 4 officers and 101 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 169 fatalities.
Commanders
Colonel John B. Turchin - promoted to brigadier general on July 7, 1862. Colonel Turchin, a former Colonel in the Russian Guards, focused on the drill and discipline of the regiment. At Camp Long, he drilled the troops to the limit, to make the Regiment as effective as possible for service. He was finally successful in making the Nineteenth Illinois one of the finest drilled regiments in the Western armies.
Colonel Joseph R. Scott - died July 8, 1863, from wounds received at the Battle of Stones River.
Lieutenant Colonel Alexander W. Raffin - mustered out with the regiment.
Captain David Francis Bremner - (Commander of Company E) Bremner's overcoat was pierced by no fewer than fourteen bullets during the battle of Missionary Ridge, as he picked up fallen colors and planted the first flag on Confederate works
Notable members
2nd Lieutenant Thomas G. Lawler, Company E - 23rd Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, 1894-1895.
J. Henry Haynie, Company D - Author of "Paris Past and Present," "The Captains and the Kings," "Chevalier in the Legion d'Hooneur of France."
See also
List of Illinois Civil War Units
Illinois in the American Civil War
Notes
References
The Nineteenth Illinois; a memoir of a regiment of volunteer infantry famous in the Civil War of fifty years ago for its drill, bravery, and distinguished services
The Civil War Archive
CIVIL WAR INDEX
19th Illinois in the Civil War
Further reading
Fenton, James. Diary of the 19th Illinois Volunteers. 1861.
Haynie, James Henry. The Nineteenth Illinois; A Memoir of a Regiment of Volunteer Infantry Famous in the Civil War of Fifty Years Ago for Its Drill, Bravery, and Distinguished Services. Chicago: M.A. Donohue & co, 1912.
Units and formations of the Union Army from Illinois
Military units and formations established in 1861
Military units and formations disestablished in 1864
1861 establishments in Illinois |
William Chamberlayne may refer to:
William Chamberlayne (poet)
William Chamberlayne (MP)
William Chamberlayne (soldier)
William Chamberlayne (burgess)
See also
William Chamberlain (disambiguation) |
Alun Jonathan Carter (born 13 December 1964) is a Welsh former rugby union analyst and international player.
Born in Malpas, Newport, Carter was an adoptee and lived as a young child in West Germany, where his father had a job teaching children of British Forces personnel. The family moved to Staffordshire on return to England, before settling in the Pontypool area when Carter was 14. He finished his education at West Monmouth School and Kelly College.
Carter, a back row forward, played for Pontypool RFC during the 1980s, under the coaching of Ray Prosser. He worked at the time as a policeman in Cwmbran and was capped for Wales B on a tour of Italy.
Following a season with French club Millau-Stade Olympique, Carter was signed by Newport RFC in 1990 and soon after had impressed enough to get a Wales call up for the 1991 Five Nations Championship, to fill the position of flanker. He featured in the Test matches against England at Cardiff and Scotland at Murrayfield.
Carter was Welsh Rugby Union's Head Analyst from 1998 to 2007. His stint included's Wales' drought-breaking Six Nations grand slam triumph in 2005. He has also served as team manager of the Worcester Warriors.
See also
List of Wales national rugby union players
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Welsh rugby union players
Wales international rugby union players
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union players from Newport, Wales
Pontypool RFC players
Newport RFC players
Expatriate rugby league players in France
People educated at West Monmouth School
People educated at Kelly College
Welsh expatriates in West Germany
Welsh adoptees |
Six ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Flirt:
Flirt was a ship in service with the navy in 1592.
was a 14-gun brig of 209 tons launched at Dover on 4 March 1782 and sold on 1 December 1795. She then became a whaler in the British southern whale fishery until 1803 when the French privateer François Aregnaudeau in Blonde captured Flirt as she was returning home from a voyage.
was a wooden screw gunboat launched at Greenhythe on 7 June 1856 and broken up at Haslar in April 1864.
was a gunboat purchased in 1862 for New Zealand service and sold in 1864.
was a composite screw gunboat of 603 tons launched at Devonport on 20 December 1867 and sold in November 1888 for breaking up.
was a C-class destroyer launched at Jarrow on 15 May 1897 and sunk on 27 October 1916 in the Dover Strait.
Royal Navy ship names |
The United States Economic Census is the U.S. federal government's official five-year measure of American business and the economy. It is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, and response is required by law. Forms go out to nearly 4 million businesses, including large, medium and small companies representing all U.S. locations and industries. Respondents are asked to provide a range of operational and performance data for their companies. Trade associations, chambers of commerce, and businesses use information from the economic census for economic development, business decisions, and strategic planning purposes. The last Economic Census was conducted for the year ending December 2017.
The Economic Census, together with the separately conducted censuses of agriculture and governments, covers virtually the entire economy, except for forestry, agricultural support, rail transportation, and employment by private households.
History
Censuses have measured American economic activities since the first census of manufactures was taken in 1810. As the nation's economy has grown, the scope of what is now called the Economic Census expanded to include retail and wholesale trade, construction industries, mining, and a broad array of services.
Early in the 19th century, Congress responded to an increase in industrial activity and ordered census takers—at that time, federal marshals—to "take an account of the several manufactures within their several districts, territories and divisions" as part of the 1810 United States Census. As the marshals traveled from house to house counting the population, they asked questions on 25 broad categories of manufactured products and more than 200 kinds of goods.
In successive decades the census came to include certain non-manufacturing businesses as well, such as retail stores, lumber yards and butcher shops. Then in 1902, Congress authorized the establishment of a permanent Census Bureau, and at the same time directed that a census of manufactures be taken every five years. The 1905 manufacturing census marked the first time a census of any kind was taken separately from the regular every 10 years population census.
The first census of business, covering retail and wholesale trade, was conducted in 1930, and shortly thereafter was broadened to include some service trades. The periodic economic censuses were suspended during World War II in favor of war-oriented surveys. They resumed with the 1947 Census of Manufactures and the 1948 Census of Business.
The Economic Census almost took another hiatus when the administration of President Dwight Eisenhower failed to provide funding for the 1953 Economic Census. Then, in October 1953, the United States Secretary of Commerce appointed Dr. Ralph J. Watkins, then Director of Research for Dun and Bradstreet, to form an Intensive Review Committee to study the issue. The Committee made its report, "Appraisal of Census Programs," in February 1954. Its series of testimonials from the business, financial, professional, and governmental groups represented on the Committee led to the reinstatement of the Economic Census for 1954.
The 1954 Economic Census was the first to fully integrate census taking for the various kinds of business. The census provided comparable statistics across economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classification and reporting units. For the first time, an electronic computer (UNIVAC 1) was used to process Economic Census data.
The 1954 Economic Census also was the first to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided from the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records have been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census questionnaires.
The range of industries covered in the economic census has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967. The scope of service industries coverage was broadened at various points over the following 25 years.
The census of transportation began in 1963 as a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks. Starting in 1987, census publications also reported on business establishments engaged in several transportation industries, paralleling the data on establishments in other sectors.
The final major expansion of the Economic Census took place in 1992, adding more transportation industries, plus finance, insurance, real estate, communications, and utilities, a group accounting for more than 20 percent of U.S. gross domestic product.
The 1997 Economic Census was the first major statistical report based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Developed cooperatively by the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, NAICS replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to provide greater comparability with international statistics.
The first survey of minority-owned businesses covered 1969, and a parallel program began for women-owned businesses for 1977. Now titled the Survey of Business Owners, this program presents statistics according to the federal standard that allows respondents to report more than one race. The survey also gathers expanded characteristics of businesses and their owners, including age and veteran status of the owners and the identification of home-based business and participation in franchising.
Purposes and uses
The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of Nation's economy and provides vital information for government, business, industry and for general public.
The economic census provide a vital part of the framework for such composite measures as the GDP, input and output measures, production and price indices, and other statistical series that measure the short term changes in economic conditions.
Policy making agencies of the Federal Government use data, especially in monitoring economic activity and providing assistance to business.
State and local governments use the data to access business activities and tax bases within their authorities and to develop programs to attract tourists.
Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of market changes.
Individual businesses use data to locate potential markets and to study their own production and sales performance related to industry or area.
Types of economic census
Title 13 of the US Code (sections 131, 191, 224) manages the Census Bureau to take economic census every five years. The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following censuses:
Census of Retail Trade
Census of Wholesale Trade
Census of Service Industries
Census of Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries
Census of Transportation, Communication and Utilities
Census of Manufactures
Census of Mineral Industries
Census of Construction Industries
Data processing and confidentiality
Responses to the Economic Census have been treated as confidential since the 19th century. Legislation authorizing the 1910 decennial census went even further and required that statistics be published so that no particular establishment or its operations could be identified.
In 1954, the confidentiality provisions were incorporated into the law (Title 13 of the United States Code) that specifies the frequency and scope of the Economic Census. The law also prescribes penalties for any disclosure by the Census Bureau, or for a respondent's false reporting or willful refusal where response is mandatory. In 1962, the confidentiality rule for census questionnaires was extended by law to also make copies retained in respondents' files immune from legal process ().
The automation of the Economic Census dates back to the use of tabulating typewriters in 1900, punch card tabulating equipment in 1920, and electronic computers in 1954. Starting in 1967, selected large firms were allowed to file their reports on computer tape. The 2002 Economic Census was the first to allow every firm to file electronically.
Data dissemination
Since 1972, most of the same statistics found in printed reports have also been available to data users in electronic media, initially on computer tape. The 1987 Economic Census was the first to be published on CD-ROM, a practice continued until 2002, when the medium changed to DVD. Key 1987 statistics were also published online via CENDATA. Only a few reports were published in print for 1997, and none were printed in 2002. Portable document format (pdf) technology allowed anyone to print out 1992, 1997, and 2002 reports from their computers on demand. Since 1997, the primary means for data users to access Economic Census statistics is through American FactFinder.
References
Economic Census Summary. U.S Census Bureau
External links
U.S. Census Bureau - Economic Census
United States Census Bureau
Censuses in the United States
Economic data |
Live Design is a monthly digital trade magazine, owned by Questex, that covers the latest projects and gear in live entertainment, including theatre, film, concerts, opera, ballet, architainment, and more. Columbia College Chicago's Theatre Department cites it for providing "comprehensive coverage for professionals in the fields of lighting, sound, staging, and projection." It originated as Lighting Dimensions, which combined with Theatre Crafts and Entertainment Design (1999-2005). Until December 2013, it was a print magazine, but has since converted to a free app with monthly issues for Apple and Android devices. Live Design is geared towards aspiring and established designers in the disciplines of lighting, audio, projection, and scenery. The magazine also manages its own website. Live Design is affiliated with the LDI trade show, and hosts the Live Design Master Classes and Envision Symposium. In her undergraduate textbook on stage management, Lawrence Stern recommends subscribing to the magazine and attending LDI as way for professional stage managers to keep current on theater technology. Live Design also presents awards and scholarships to younger designers, including the Pat MacKay Diversity In Design Scholarships for undergraduates and the Rising Star Award to early career professional designers.
History
In March 1967, the first issue of Theatre Crafts was published by Emmaus, PA-based Rodale Press, which was owned by J. I. Rodale. Marshall Ackerman was Theatre Crafts’ first publisher. The magazine focused on news of theatre design and its technology. Theatre Crafts began with a free circulation to high school and college drama instructors. Geared towards the offstage performers, the magazine featured “how-to” articles from theatre designers of costumes, lighting, sets, and more.
In 1969, C. Ray Smith became the editor for Theatre Crafts and shaped it into a more professional magazine for the theatre industry. In January 1970, Patricia MacKay joined the editors. Theatre Crafts grew from strictly theatre, to covering film, concerts, theme parks, retail shops, television, opera, and architecture.
In June 1977, Theatre Crafts’ sister publication, Lighting Dimensions released its first issue. The magazine focused on lighting and design in concerts, theatre, film, and architecture.
Patricia MacKay bought Theatre Crafts from Rodale Publishing in 1982. Theatre Crafts then acquired Lighting Dimensions in February 1986.
MacKay organized a trade show for the entertainment industry called LDI. It made its debut in Dallas, Texas in 1988 with over a hundred exhibitors and 3,000 attendees. It has run each year ever since.
On its 25th anniversary in 1992, Theatre Crafts became TCI (Theatre Crafts International) to include international coverage, and also redesigned to tablet size.
In January 1996, Intertec Publishing of Overland Park, KS, which eventually became Penton after numerous transitions, acquired TCI, Lighting Dimensions, and LDI.
Eventually, TCI became Entertainment Design. Entertainment Design and Lighting Dimensions were merged into Live Design in December 2005.
Live Design closed its print publication and converted to a digital, interactive app and magazine for Apple products in December 2013, and implemented an Android version in October 2014.<ref>[https://www.livedesignonline.com/theatre/remember-print "Remembering Print" Davi Napoleon recalls the transitions at Live Design.]</ref>
In late 2019, Questex purchased Live Design from Informa plc.
LDI
LDI is an annual trade show for live event professionals, which debuted in Dallas, Texas in 1988 with over a hundred exhibitors and 3,000 attendees. It has been to various locations from Nashville, Tennessee to Orlando and Miami, FL, to Reno, Lake Tahoe, and Las Vegas, Nevada.
Since then, LDI has continued to grow, receiving over 9,700 attendees, working in theatre, concerts, houses of worship, corporate presentations, clubs, theme parks, and any other live venue, from 88 countries. Over 350 companies exhibit and provide live demos and gear showcases. The trade show is concerned with lighting, sound, projection, staging and truss, and special effects.
Live Design Master ClassesLive Design’s master classes feature top designers from their respective disciplines.
The Broadway Master Classes (BMC) originated as Broadway Lighting Master Classes (BLMC), run by Sonny Sonnenfeld, who started it with nine-time Tony Award-winning lighting designer, Jules Fisher. Live Design'' purchased the BLMC from Sonnenfeld and expanded into Broadway Projection Master Classes (BPMC) and Broadway Sound Master Classes (BSMC). Hosted in New York, BMC is geared towards both students and professionals. Fisher and sound designer, Abe Jacob have been the creative consultants for the BLMC and BSMC, respectively, since their inception. In February 2015, Live Design announced it was rebranding the Broadway Master Classes as the New York Master Classes (NYMC). This training series expands the curriculum to include all aspects of lighting, projection, and sound design in not only theater, but also concerts, dance, and opera.
The Concert Master Classes (CMC) focus on lighting and projection for concerts.
The Projection Master Classes (PMC) focus on the technical and creative obstacles in programming and projection mapping. It is concerned with gear such as playback software, surfaces, projectors, and networking.
The Electronic Dance Music Master Classes (EDMMC): Lighting + Projection focus on the aesthetic and technical components of designing and programming for EDM. EDMMC Sound focuses on the technical and practical considerations in designing sound for festivals and clubs.
Envision Symposium
Envision Symposium was held in Monterey, California in September 2013. The conference sought to explore the idea of storytelling and how it is presented and transformed in today’s world of technology and design. It considered the future of various areas, such as, concerts, theme parks, gaming, and digital environments. The conference was geared towards an expansive creative audience, including designers, writers, artists, technicians, engineers, programmers, manufacturers, distributors, and inventors. Bran Ferren and Bob Bonniol were the creative consultants.
References
External links
Entertainment trade magazines |
Green Green may refer to:
Green Green (video game), a 2001 Japanese H-game for computer
Green Green (anime), a 2003 Japanese 13-episode anime adaptation
Green, Green, a 1963 hit single by The New Christy Minstrels
Gringrin or Green Green, a character in the 1969 novel Isle of the Dead by Roger Zelazny |
Andrei Medvedev (born 14 October 1993) is a Russian luger. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Russian male lugers
Olympic lugers for Russia
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Chinese grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi), also known as Severtzov's grouse or the black-breasted hazel grouse, is a grouse species closely related to the hazel grouse.
It is a sedentary bird which inhabits conifer-rich mixed montane forests of central China. The bird is very similar in appearance to the hazel grouse apart from less of a white stripe on the head and neck.
The bird is named after a Russian explorer and naturalist, Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov.
Chinese grouse is legally an endangered species in China, in the area in which its most centrally located. The population has been declining over the years and is still showing this decrease in numbers. The Chinese grouse has around 10,000 birds currently according to the Nordic Board for Wildlife Research. The main cause of this decline is due to habitat loss by deforestation. There are many forestry practices, habitat fragmentation, and decrease in area of coniferous forests that contribute to the reasons this species is in decline. Current efforts are being made in China to stop such a dramatic decline in the species such as halted logging of the forests.
The complete mitochondrial genome of this species was published in July 2014.
Taxonomy
The black-breasted hazel grouse has two recognized subspecies:
T. s. secundus (Riley, 1925)
T. s. sewerzowi (Przevalski, 1876)
References
External links
ARKive - images and movies of the Chinese grouse (Bonasa sewerzowi)
BirdLife Species Factsheet
Chinese grouse
Chinese grouse
Birds of China
Birds of Asia
Birds of Central China
Endemic birds of China
Chinese grouse
Chinese grouse |
Shorts in Motion: The Art of Seduction is a Canadian anthology of 10 original, two-minute mobile shorts for video cell phones, by directors, artists and personalities, including: Ann Marie Fleming, Mark McKinney, Guy Maddin, Isabella Rossellini, Theodore Ushev and Denis Villeneuve. The series is presented by Bravo!FACT and co-produced by marblemedia and the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). It was one of the NFB's first ventures into mobile media. Rossellini is the only non-Canadian director.
Films
Nude Caboose: Guy Maddin - A jovial shirtless man attempts to rouse a contingent of lethargic dancers to life in Nude Caboose. His highjinks really get the deadbeats bustin' out until something unusual catches his eye. Dance floor seduction distilled into a fateful moment!
Strip Show: Adam & Dave - Adam Brodie and Dave Derewlany's short film about an internet seductress who gets duped into performing out of character, acts before the camera.
Not Pretty, Really: Mark McKinney - Writer director Mark McKinney conducts candid interviews with selected subjects on the benefits and downside of being considered "pretty."
On Fire: Jenn Goodwin - Writer director Jenn Goodwin's live action short about a firefighter who acts out his inner desire of being a dancer while on his way to work.
Dirty Dog: Trent Carlson - Trent Carlson's short about a man who tries to atone for his infidelity by serenading the woman he scorned.
120 Seconds to Get Elected: Denis Villeneuve - A young politician has 100 seconds to convince his audience to vote for him. His speech becomes an improvisation in which he tries to capture the needs of the crowd. According to the reactions of the crowd, he changes his ideas and opinions and goes back on his promises. He focuses on seducing the audience by finding out what they want to hear. A satirical parody that shows a man abandoning his world view in hope of seducing the masses. The ideas are not an end but a means.
Sou: Theodore Ushev - Set to a kinetic soundtrack, Sou is a dazzling multi-layered animated collage piece on how a Western man, through ill-equipped eyes, views the seductive qualities of the pell mell kitsch that is the modern Japanese society.
Electric Chairs: Anita McGee - Grandpa may be 95 years old, but he's still young at heart. Even at his own birthday party, he is lured away by an ageing babe on an electric scooter. Proof indeed that you're never too old to play the game.
My Obscure Object of Desire: Ann Marie Fleming - In the animated short My Obscure Object of Desire, the heart will go to any lengths to become the object of its love's desire. So it woos, coos and even "awoos." But in the end not even the heart can always get what it wants.
Oh La La: Isabella Rossellini - A city's population whisked off the streets and in to the bedrooms. So this is where the art of seduction leads us! A harmonious symphony of pleasure fills our ears. Oh la la! C'est magnifique!
Features
Shorts in Motion: The Art of Seduction integrates quizzes, advice columns and guides as well as downloads of all 10 Micro Movies which can be played back on mobile phones. For a further level of audience interaction, the ability to create and send e-cards via users' cell phones was also implemented.
Awards
The Art of Seduction was named Best Made for Mobile Video Service at the GSM Global Mobile Awards (Barcelona, 2007) and Best Original Content for Mobile at the Banff World Television Award (Banff, 2007). It was also nominated for an International Interactive Emmy.
References
External links
marblemedia
NFB Collections page for The Art of Seduction
National Film Board of Canada series
Mobile content
Internet films
Canadian anthology films
2007 films |
Wierzbiczany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gniezno, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Gniezno and east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Wierzbiczany |
Tashi Rabstan (born 10 April 1963) is an Indian Judge. Presently, he is a Judge of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court. He has also served as Acting Chief Justice of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court.
Career
He was born on 10 April 1963 at village Skurbuchan, Leh Ladakh. He did his graduation and LL.B from University of Jammu. On 6 March 1990, he was enrolled in Bar Council of Jammu and Kashmir and started practicing in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court and in various other High Courts. He has served as Standing Counsel for Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh from 1997 to 2005. He was appointed as Central government counsel for Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court in September 1998. He has also served as panel counsel for Union Public Service Commission from April 2008 to 31 December 2011. He was appointed as an Additional Judge of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court on 8 March 2013 and made permanent on 16 May 2014. He has served as Acting Chief Justice of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court from 8 December 2022 to 14 February 2023.
References
Indian judges
1963 births
Living people |
Amir Amini (, born June 10, 1984, in Rey) is an Iranian former professional basketball player. He was also a member of the Iranian national basketball team.
Honours
National team
Asian Championship
Gold medal: 2007, 2009
Asian Games
Bronze medal: 2006, 2010
Asian Under-20 Championship
Gold medal: 2004
Asian Under-18 Championship
Silver medal: 2002
Islamic Solidarity Games
Bronze medal: 2005
External links
Profile on Kaveh Official Website
1984 births
Living people
Asian Games bronze medalists for Iran
Asian Games medalists in basketball
Basketball players at the 2006 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 2010 Asian Games
Iranian men's basketball players
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
Olympic basketball players for Iran
Sportspeople from Tehran
Point guards
Islamic Solidarity Games competitors for Iran |
Alpine is an unincorporated community in Chattooga County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The community is located on the northwest side of the Broomtown Valley in northwest Georgia, southeast of Menlo. It is on Georgia Route 337 north of Alpine Creek.
History
The community was named after the Swiss Alps on account of its lofty elevation. A post office called Alpine was established in 1843, and remained in operation until 1900. A Civil War skirmish occurred near the town site in 1863.
References
Unincorporated communities in Chattooga County, Georgia
Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state) |
Matey Dragomirov Mateev (Bulgarian: Матей Драгомиров Матеев) (10 April 1940 – 25 July 2010) was a Bulgarian professor in theoretical physics. He was a fellow of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Early life
Mateev was born in Sofia, Bulgaria. He studied nuclear physics at Sofia University where he became a research associate in the theoretical department.
Career
He worked at Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste (1967). He joined the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna (1971–1980) where he received a Doctor of Philosophy in physics (Theoretical and Mathematical Physics) (1980).
In 1981 he became an associate professor and later a professor (highest academic rank) in 1984. From 1983 to 1985 he led the faculty of physics and was a member of the academic council and vice-rector of Sofia University from 1985 to 1986. From 1986 to 1989 Mateev was vice-chairman of the Scientific Committee for Higher Education. He was Minister of Education and Science) in the 80th and 81st cabinets (November 22, 1990 - November 8, 1991). In 2003 he was selected as an academician in physics from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Academician Mateev was editor-in-chief of the Bulgarian Journal of Physics (BJP) and a member of the editorial board of Balkan Physics Letters.
References
1940 births
2010 deaths
Bulgarian physicists
Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Sofia
Sofia University alumni
Academic staff of Sofia University |
This is a timeline for the 42nd Canadian federal election, which took place in October 2015.
2011
May 2, 2011: The Conservative Party of Canada wins a majority government in the 41st federal election.
May 2, 2011: The New Democratic Party of Canada becomes, for the first time in Canada's history, the Official Opposition with 102 seats.
May 3, 2011: Gilles Duceppe resigns as leader and president of the Bloc Québécois, and Vivian Barbot is named as the interim president.
May 25, 2011: Michael Ignatieff resigns as leader of the Liberal Party, and Bob Rae is chosen as interim leader.
June 2, 2011: The 41st Parliament convenes.
July 25, 2011: Jack Layton temporarily steps down as leader of the NDP, due to cancer, indicating his intention to return to the job for the reconvening of Parliament in September. Hull—Aylmer MP Nycole Turmel is chosen to act as NDP leader during the leave.
August 22, 2011: Jack Layton dies of cancer. Turmel assumes the position of Leader of the Opposition.
December 5, 2011: Edmonton East MP Peter Goldring voluntarily leaves the Conservative caucus after being charged with refusing to provide a breath sample at a traffic stop.
December 11, 2011: Daniel Paillé is elected leader of the Bloc Québécois at the party's 2011 leadership election.
December 16, 2011: Royal assent is given to the Fair Representation Act, raising the number of seats to 338. Fifteen will be added to Ontario, six each to British Columbia and Alberta, and three to Quebec.
2012
January 10, 2012: MP for Saint-Maurice—Champlain, the NDP's Lise St-Denis, crosses the floor to join the Liberal caucus.
March 19, 2012: NDP candidate Craig Scott wins a federal by-election held in Toronto—Danforth, Jack Layton's former riding.
March 24, 2012: Thomas Mulcair is elected leader of the New Democratic Party.
April 23, 2012: Thunder Bay—Superior North MP Bruce Hyer leaves the NDP caucus after being disciplined for voting against the NDP's position on the gun registry.
May 18, 2012: An Ontario Superior Court judge declares the 2011 federal election results in the riding of Etobicoke Centre to be "null and void", potentially triggering a by-election.
May 28, 2012: Conservative MP Ted Opitz announces he will appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada to uphold the result in Etobicoke Centre.
May 30, 2012: Conservative Lee Richardson resigns as MP for Calgary Centre, to accept a job as principal secretary to Alberta Premier Alison Redford.
June 13, 2012: Interim Liberal leader Bob Rae announces that he will not be seeking the leadership of the Liberals.
July 31, 2012: Bev Oda resigns as Minister for International Co-operation and as MP for Durham.
August 31, 2012: Citing health, Denise Savoie (NDP) resigns as MP for Victoria.
October 25, 2012: The Supreme Court of Canada upholds the result in Etobicoke Centre, with Conservative MP Ted Opitz keeping his seat.
November 2012–October 2013: Electoral boundary commissions present their proposals to the House of Commons.
November 26, 2012: By-elections are held in Calgary Centre, Durham, and Victoria. Incumbent parties retain all three ridings: Conservative candidates Joan Crockatt and Erin O'Toole win Calgary Centre and Durham, respectively, while NDP candidate Murray Rankin wins Victoria.
2013
February 27, 2013: NDP MP Claude Patry crosses the floor to the Bloc Québécois.
March 14, 2013: Following controversy over campaign donations made during the 2011 election, Peter Penashue resigns as Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and as MP for Labrador to contest the seat in a by-election.
April 14, 2013: Justin Trudeau is elected leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.
May 13, 2013: A by-election was held in Labrador, with Liberal candidate Yvonne Jones taking the seat from former Conservative MP Peter Penashue.
June 2, 2013: Liberal Denis Coderre resigns as MP for Bourassa in order to run for Mayor of Montreal.
June 5, 2013: Edmonton—St. Albert MP Brent Rathgeber voluntarily leaves the Conservative caucus because of what he describes as "the Government's lack of commitment to transparency and open government", one day after tabling a bill on government transparency.
June 6, 2013: Edmonton East MP Peter Goldring rejoins the Conservative caucus after being acquitted of his 2011 charge of refusing to provide a breath sample at a traffic stop.
July 8, 2013: Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews resigns as Minister and as MP for Provencher, citing a desire to spend more time with his family.
July 31, 2013: Former interim Liberal leader and Toronto Centre MP Bob Rae resigns in order to become First Nations negotiator in Northern Ontario.
August 31, 2013: Conservative Merv Tweed resigns as MP for Brandon—Souris to become President of OmniTRAX Canada.
September 12, 2013: Maria Mourani, Bloc Québécois MP for Ahuntsic, is expelled from caucus due to comments she made against the Quebec Charter of Values proposed by the Parti Québécois government of Pauline Marois.
September 26, 2013: Peterborough MP Dean Del Mastro leaves the Conservative caucus after being charged with breaking campaign rules during the 2008 election.
November 6, 2013: Conservative MP Ted Menzies resigns as MP for Macleod.
November 25, 2013: By-elections are held in Bourassa, Brandon—Souris, Provencher, and Toronto Centre. Incumbent parties retain all four ridings: Conservative candidates Larry Maguire and Ted Falk are elected in Brandon—Souris and Provencher respectively, while Liberal candidates Emmanuel Dubourg and Chrystia Freeland are elected in Bourassa and Toronto Centre respectively.
December 13, 2013: Thunder Bay—Superior North MP Bruce Hyer, who had left the NDP in 2012 to sit as an independent, joins the Green Party of Canada.
December 16, 2013: Bloc Québécois leader Daniel Paillé steps down due to health reasons, and Annie Lessard is named as the interim president.
2014
January 17, 2014: Brian Jean, the Conservative MP for Fort McMurray—Athabasca, resigns his seat.
January 29, 2014: Justin Trudeau states that senate partisanship has interfered with senators' responsibilities, that the 32 Liberal senators were no longer part of the Liberal parliamentary caucus, and he had asked them to sit as independents.
March 12, 2014: Olivia Chow, the NDP MP for Trinity—Spadina, resigns her seat to run in the 2014 Toronto mayoral election.
April 1, 2014: Jim Karygiannis, the Liberal MP for Scarborough—Agincourt, resigns his seat to enter Toronto municipal politics.
April 10, 2014: Jim Flaherty, the Conservative MP for Whitby—Oshawa, dies due to an apparent heart attack.
May 1, 2014: New electoral boundaries, which will increase the number of seats to 338, will come into effect upon the first dissolution of Parliament after this date.
June 6, 2014: Montcalm MP Manon Perreault is suspended from the NDP caucus following allegations she misled police.
June 14, 2014: Mario Beaulieu is elected leader of the Bloc Québécois.
June 23–25, 2014: Mario Beaulieu officially takes the leadership of the Bloc Québécois at its leadership convention.
June 30, 2014: By-elections are held in four ridings. Conservative candidates John Barlow and David Yurdiga retain Macleod and Fort McMurray—Athabasca, respectively, while Liberal candidate Arnold Chan retains Scarborough—Agincourt. Liberal candidate Adam Vaughan is elected in Trinity—Spadina, taking the seat from the NDP.
August 12, 2014: Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia MP Jean-François Fortin quits the Bloc Québécois caucus to sit as an independent MP, citing disapproval of new BQ leader Mario Beaulieu.
August 20, 2014: Verchères—Les Patriotes MP Sana Hassainia leaves the NDP to sit as an independent, due to a conflict with the party over its stance on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.
August 25, 2014: Richmond—Arthabaska MP André Bellavance quits the Bloc Québécois caucus to sit as an independent MP, citing an inability to work with Bloc Québécois leader Mario Beaulieu.
September 17, 2014: Rob Merrifield, the Conservative MP for Yellowhead, resigns his seat to accept an appointment from Alberta Premier Jim Prentice as the province's envoy to the United States.
October 21, 2014: Repentigny MP Jean-François Larose leaves the NDP caucus, along with independent Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia MP Jean-François Fortin, to form Strength in Democracy, a new Quebec-centred political party.
November 5, 2014:
Avalon MP Scott Andrews and Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel MP Massimo Pacetti are suspended from the Liberal caucus following allegations of sexual harassment.
Dean Del Mastro, the independent MP for Peterborough, resigns his seat after being found guilty on three counts of violating election spending limits. Prior to Del Mastro's resignation, the House of Commons was expected to vote in favour of an NDP proposal to suspend Del Mastro without pay, effective immediately.
November 17, 2014: By-elections are held in Whitby—Oshawa and Yellowhead. The Conservatives hold both ridings, under candidates Pat Perkins and Jim Eglinski respectively.
November 19, 2014: Independent MP Maria Mourani becomes a member of the NDP, but will continue to sit as an independent for the duration of the current Parliament per the NDP's policy against floor-crossing.
2015
January 5, 2015: Glenn Thibeault, the New Democratic MP for Sudbury resigns his seat to run as the Ontario Liberal Party candidate in a by-election for the provincial riding of the same name.
February 9, 2015: Mississauga—Brampton South MP Eve Adams crosses the floor from the Conservatives to the Liberals.
March 18, 2015: Massimo Pacetti, independent (former Liberal) MP for Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel, announces he will serve out his term as an independent and not run for reelection amid reports he is about to be permanently expelled from caucus.
March 19, 2015: Scott Andrews, independent (former Liberal) MP for Avalon, announces he accepts the findings of an investigation into his misconduct and will serve out his term as an independent.
March 16, 2015: John Baird, the former Conservative cabinet minister and the MP for Ottawa West—Nepean, resigns his seat.
March 31, 2015: James Lunney, Conservative MP for Nanaimo—Alberni leaves the Conservative Party caucus to sit as an independent, citing concerns about religious freedom.
May 13, 2015: Patrick Brown, the Conservative MP for Barrie, resigns his seat after being elected leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.
June 9, 2015: Bloc splits the position of leader into two different positions : Mario Beaulieu remains as president (internal organisation), while Gilles Duceppe comes back as political leader only. The decision has later been approved in a special congress on July 1, with 99.7% in favour.
August 2, 2015: Parliament dissolved and writs of election dropped.
September 28, 2015: Deadlines for candidates to submit their nomination.
September 30, 2015: Confirmed list of candidates is published.
October 9–12, 2015: Advance polls were open. An estimated record of 3.6 million electors cast their ballot, a 71% increase over the previous 2011 election. This turnout was superseded during the 2019 general election.
October 19, 2015: Scheduled polling day. The Governor-in-Council retains constitutional authority, subject to section 4(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982, to set an earlier election date.
References
2015 Canadian federal election
Canadian federal election, 2015
Election |
The Gmunden Tramway is part of the tram-train-system Traunsee Tram, that opened in 2018 and is located in Upper Austria, Austria. The Traunsee Tram connects the shortest and oldest tram system in Austria with the Traunseebahn. It is operated by Stern & Hafferl, which was founded in 1893. The tramway was opened on 13 August 1894. It is 2.3 km long. The line's maximum gradient of 9.6% makes it one of the world's steepest surviving adhesion-only tram lines.
History
The works, directed by the engineers Josef Stern and Franz Hafferl, began on 25 February 1894. It took five months to build the entire tramway, one depot, one power plant and two buildings for employees. The original route ran from the railway station (named Rudolfsbahnhof at that time) to "Rathausplatz" (i.e. Town Hall Square). In 1975 the route was shortened to Franz-Josef-Platz. There were several renovations in the late 1990s and the following decade, including the renewal of "Keramik" station and of the Tennisplatz – Franz-Josef-Platz route. In February 2013, the municipal council of Gmunden decided to link the tram to the Traunseebahn and this opened in 2018.
Traunsee Tram
The tram-train system opened in 2018. The former route to Rathausplatz has been reactivated and a new route links to the new terminus of the Traunseebahn at Klosterplatz. The tram-train has its terminus in Vorchdorf. In Gmunden the tramway route runs entirely in the town, from the railway station to the central Franz-Josef-Platz on the Traunsee lake. It includes eight stations, with two closed and one replaced. A planned extension to the Seebahnhof, terminal station of the Traunsee Railway Gmunden-Vorchdorf has been partially built. This includes three stations and uses the route "Franz-Josef-Platz" - "Rathausplatz". The reopening of Postgebäude is not planned.
The line is unusual in that all platforms are on one side of this single track line. In view of this, the cars that run on it only have doors on one side but have driving positions at both ends.
Rolling stock
List of all earlier trams, built between 1893 and 1907:
See also
Trams in Europe
List of town tramway systems in Austria
Notes
References
External links
Track plan of the Gmunden tram system
Verein Pro Gmundner Straßenbahn
Stern&Hafferl
Tram Travels: Verein Pro Gmundner Straßenbahn
Tramway
Tram transport in Austria
Metre gauge railways in Austria
Railway lines opened in 1894
1894 establishments in Austria-Hungary
600 V DC railway electrification
Town tramway systems by city |
Konakkuran is a town (belde) in the Malazgirt District, Muş Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,475 (2022).
References
Populated places in Muş Province
Malazgirt District
Town municipalities in Turkey |
Morazzone is a comune (municipality) of c. 4,000 inhabitants in the province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about northwest of Milan and about south of Varese. It is served by Gazzada-Schianno-Morazzone railway station.
Morazzone borders the following municipalities: Brunello, Caronno Varesino, Castiglione Olona, Castronno, Gazzada Schianno, Gornate-Olona, Lozza.
Sister towns
Wimblington, England, United Kingdom (2007);
Békésszentandrás, Hungary (2016).
Demographic evolution
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Lombardy |
David Arkenstone (born July 1, 1952) is an American composer and performer. His music is primarily instrumental, with occasional vocalizations. Most of Arkenstone's music falls into new age category; however, he also worked in other genres, including even a heavy metal soundtrack for Emperor: Battle for Dune video game. His music has been described as 'soundtracks for the imagination'. Throughout his career, Arkenstone released over 50 albums and composed music for video games, including World of Warcraft, and for television, including NBC's Kentucky Derby. Arkenstone has been nominated for Grammy Awards five times.
Biography
After moving from Chicago to California at the age of ten, he was involved in various high school bands playing guitars and keyboards, playing baseball in his spare time. He studied music in college and started a progressive rock band named after himself, but he soon discovered his own musical voice in the instrumental genre. Arkenstone was influenced by writers such as J. R. R. Tolkien and Ian Fleming, and grew up listening to bands like Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Deep Purple, and Yes, as well as listening to classical music.
Arkenstone went solo and found his own sound in New Age music. He says that has been greatly aided by technology: "Technology has produced some wonderful tools for making music. The computer allows me to fully orchestrate my pieces and really fine tune them". His music is primarily instrumental. His albums, typically fantasy themed, often come packaged with literature and art. He worked with fantasy novel writer Mercedes Lackey on a few of his albums. Arkenstone and his ex-wife Diane created their own record label called Neo Pacifica. In addition to releasing their own music on the label, they have included other bands such as Earth Trybe, Enaid, and the Marquis Ensemble.
He has also composed music for television; channels such as the History Channel, the Discovery Channel and NBC Sports include his music. He has also written music for trailers and film soundtracks, including the independent film PRISM, as well as computer game soundtracks such as World of Warcraft, Lands of Lore 2 and 3, Earth and Beyond, Emperor: Battle for Dune, and Space Siege. He also features on 20 Years of Narada Piano.
Arkenstone has earned five Grammy nominations for his work: In the Wake of the Wind in 1992, Citizen of the World in 2000, Atlantis in 2004,Fairy Dreams in 2020, and Pangaea in 2022.
Arkenstone has learned to play a variety of musical instruments, including bouzouki, mandolin, guitar, bass guitar, harp, cello, flute, electronic keyboards, piano, Turkish saz, pennywhistle, melodica, and pan pipes. He also plays drums and percussion and has performed some vocalizations on his albums.
Arkenstone is also involved in the band Troika; their sound is similar to his solo work. The band members like to remain anonymous, although the compositions are credited to Arkenstone.
His theme "The Journey Begins/Kyla's Ride" was used for the FIFA World Cup France '98 broadcastings intro by the Mexican television network Azteca.
His song "Papillon (On the Wings of the Butterfly)" is used as background music in Future World at Epcot in Walt Disney World. His song "The Palace" was once used as background music in Tomorrowland at the Magic Kingdom as well. "The Palace" also used to play in Tokyo Disneyland's Tomorrowland, and another one of his songs, "Valley in the Clouds" was also used.
He signed with Domo Records and re-released the album Echoes of Light and Shadow in 2010.
Arkenstone was a member of the composing team who developed the music for Blizzard Activision's World of Warcraft videogame's Cataclysm expansion. Along with Arkenstone, the team consists of Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford, and Neal Acree.
Discography
References
External links
Official Page on Domo Records
Domo Records
Narada
David Arkenstone's Winter Fantasy
David Arkenstone at MobyGames
1952 births
New-age musicians
Citternists
Living people
Narada Productions artists
Windham Hill Records artists
Domo Records artists
Video game composers
Westwood Studios |
Attingal State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies at the state Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the 7 state legislative assembly constituencies included in the Attingal Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 assembly elections, the current MLA is O S Ambika of CPI(M).
Local self governed segments
Attingal Niyamasabha constituency is composed of the following local self governed segments:
Members of the Legislative Assembly
The following list contains all members of Kerala legislative assembly who have represented the constituency:
Key
Election results
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.
2021
There were 2,02,123 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 Kerala Niyamasabha Election.
Niyamasabha Election 2016
There were 1,98,678 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 Kerala Niyamasabha Election.
Niyamasabha Election 2011
There were 1,71,684 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.
See also
Attingal
Thiruvananthapuram district
List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly
2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
References
Assembly constituencies of Kerala
State assembly constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram district |
Yeh Dillagi () is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy-drama film directed by Naresh Malhotra and produced by Yash Chopra for his production company Yash Raj Films. Based on the 1954 American film Sabrina, its story revolves on two brothers (Akshay Kumar and Saif Ali Khan) who fall in love with their family driver's daughter, Sapna (Kajol), a successful model.
Yeh Dillagi released on 6 May 1994, and emerged as a commercial success, grossing 10.8 crore against its 1.6 crore budget. It received positive reviews from critics upon release, with particular praise directed towards Kajol's performance, thus proving to be a breakthrough for her.
At the 40th Filmfare Awards, Yeh Dillagi received 4 nominations – Best Actor (Kumar), Best Actress (Kajol), Best Music Director (Dilip Sen, Sameer Sen) and Best Male Playback Singer (Abhijeet for the song "Ole Ole"). The film was later remade in Telugu as Priya O Priya.
Plot
Vijay and Vicky are heirs to Saigal Industries, headed by their dad Bhanupratap Saigal. Vijay works all time. Vicky is smitten by Sapna, a model and the daughter of their driver Dharampal. Their mom Shanti rejects Sapna. Vijay tries to help Vicky but instead falls in love with Sapna who also develops feelings for Vijay.
The boys talk: both want Sapna. Vicky thinks Vijay supports his pursuit (Sapna). Shanti later asks Dharampal to take Sapna to Bombay or get fired. He storms off with her to the station but as Vicky attempts suicide if Shanti doesn't allow him to marry Sapna, Shanti finally accepts her. Sapna returns. Vicky instead sacrifices his love, uniting her and Vijay, as he has realized the truth. Then, he comes across and instantly falls for a girl, Anjali.
Cast
Akshay Kumar as Vijayendra Saigal "Vijay"
Saif Ali Khan as Vikram Saigal "Vicky"
Kajol as Sapna
Reema Lagoo as Shanti Saigal
Saeed Jaffrey as Bhanupratap Saigal
Deven Verma as Gurdas
Achyut Potdar as Dharampal
Neena Softa as Sujata
Karishma Kapoor as Anjali Kashyap (Special Appearance)
Music
The film's soundtrack album contains seven songs composed by Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen. The song "Ole Ole", sung by Abhijeet was a hit at the music charts. The other artists who contributed to this album are Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Pankaj Udhas and Udit Narayan.
It became one of the top three best-selling Bollywood soundtrack albums of 1994, with 4.5million sales. The song 'Ole Ole' was remixed for Jawaani Jaaneman (2020).
Release and reception
Made on a budget of , Yeh Dillagi was released on 6 May 1994. According to the film-trade website Box Office India, the film opened to a wide audience and emerged as a commercial success and one of the highest-grossing films of 1994. Distributed by Eros International, it was released on DVD on 8 October 2007 in a single-disc pack. It was available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video and Apple TV+ since 23 May 2017.
Yeh Dillagi received a positive reception from critics. On 3 June 1994, The Indian Express praised Kajol's performance, saying that "[she] looks better than she did in Baazigar (1993) and gives a believable performance". A review published by India Today on 15 June hailed: "After a season of psychopaths and avenging angels, finally, relief. Here is romance, comedy and the foot-thumping ole ole."
At the 40th Filmfare Awards, Yeh Dillagi received 4 nominations – Best Actor (Kumar), Best Actress (Kajol), Best Music Director (Dilip Sen, Sameer Sen) and Best Male Playback Singer (Abhijeet for the song "Ole Ole").
References
External links
1994 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Yash Raj Films films
Films scored by Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen
1994 romantic drama films
Hindi films remade in other languages
Indian remakes of American films
Indian romantic drama films |
George Lasher House, also known as Rainbow Hill, is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1800 and is a two-story, five-bay frame building with a gable roof in the Federal style. Its front facade features a tripartite Palladian window. Also on the property are four contributing barns, a carriage barn, four sheds, and a garage.
The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses in Schenectady County, New York
Federal architecture in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1800
National Register of Historic Places in Schenectady County, New York |
The Evergreen Greenies were a Minor League Baseball team based in Evergreen, Alabama, that played in the Alabama–Florida League from 1937 to 1938. They were originally the Ozark Cardinals based in Ozark, Alabama before moving to Evergreen on Jun 29, 1937.
References
External links
Baseball Reference Ozark
Baseball Reference Evergreen
Baseball teams established in 1937
Baseball teams disestablished in 1938
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Professional baseball teams in Alabama
Defunct Alabama-Florida League teams
1936 establishments in Alabama
1938 disestablishments in Alabama
Defunct baseball teams in Alabama
Ozark, Alabama
Conecuh County, Alabama
Greenies |
EAG may refer to:
Science and medicine
Electroantennography
Estimated average glucose
European Association of Geochemistry
Transport
Eagle Airways, a defunct New Zealand airline
Eaglehawk railway station, in Victoria, Australia
Eaglescliffe railway station, in England
Other uses
Ealing Art Group
East Asian Games
Education Action Group, in New Zealand
Education Action Group Foundation, an American school choice advocacy group
En Avant de Guingamp, a French football club
Eurasian Group, a member of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
European Air Group
European-Atlantic Group
Extended affix grammar |
Sovereign credit risk is the risk of a government becoming unwilling or unable to meet its loan obligations, as happened to Cyprus in 2013. Many countries faced sovereign risk in the Great Recession of the late-2000s. This risk can be mitigated by creditors and stakeholders taking extra precaution when making investments or financial transactions with firms based in foreign countries.
Five key factors that affect the probability of sovereign debt leading to sovereign risk are: debt service ratio, import ratio, investment ratio, variance of export revenue, and domestic money supply growth. The probability of loss increases with increases in debt service ratio, import ratio, variance of export revenue and/or domestic money supply growth. Frenkel, Karmann, Raahish and Scholtens also argue that the likelihood of rescheduling decreases as investment ratio increases, due to resultant economic productivity gains. However, Saunders argues that debt rescheduling can become more likely if the investment ratio rises as the foreign country could become less dependent on its external creditors and so be less concerned about receiving credit from these countries/investors.
See also
2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
Credit rating
List of countries by credit rating
References
Government debt |
Pattanathil Bhootham () is a 1967 Indian Tamil-language fantasy comedy film, directed and co-edited by M. V. Raman, written by Javar Seetharaman and produced by T. Govindarajan. An adaptation of the American film The Brass Bottle (1964), it stars Jaishankar and K. R. Vijaya, with Nagesh, Balaji, Manohar, V. K. Ramasamy, V. S. Raghavan, Seetharaman, Rama Prabha and Vijaya Lalitha in supporting roles. The film revolves around two youngsters who inadvertently unleash a genie from an urn they won, and use him to satisfy their wants. It was released on 14 April 1967 and became a major commercial success.
Plot
Partners Thangavel and Sabapathy run a successful business enterprise; Sabapathy secretly runs a smuggling racket with his son Mani and a gangster Pandi. The superstitious Thangavel possesses a large urn which he considers a bad omen. To get rid of the urn, he donates it as a prize for a competition at his daughter Latha's college. Latha's lover Bhaskar, who studies in the same college and lives with his best friend Seenu, wins the urn in the competition. Believing the urn contains fruits, Seenu and Bhaskar open it, unwittingly releasing a genie named Jee-Boom-Ba who was trapped in it for 3000 years.
Jee-Boom-Ba vows to help the two friends who set him free. He provides them with money, cars, mansions to live and takes care of their every need. The friends achieve many things with the help of Jee-Boom-Ba and even win a basketball game. Bhaskar seeks the powers of Jee-Boom-Ba to impress Thangavel but things do not go quite as planned. Sabapathy and Mani realise there is something fishy about Bhaskar's sudden rise to success. Jee-Boom-Ba's closeness and support to Bhaskar creates misunderstandings between Latha and Bhaskar, and she stays away from him.
Mani and Pandian, assuming that Jee-Boom-Ba is a smuggler, forcibly take him to their place and pressurise him to join their business. He refuses and escapes after learning their secrets. Meanwhile, Bhaskar becomes upset and requests Jee-Boom-Ba to leave so that he can get Latha back. Jee-Boom-Ba decides to meet Latha in normal attire and influence her to return to Bhaskar. When he meets her, she also insists that he should leave, blaming him for her separation. Jee-Boom-Ba leaves their lives and asserts that he would only return when she wholeheartedly wishes his return.
Still assuming Jee-Boom-Ba to be a big smuggler, Mani and Pandi decide to get hold of him at any cost since he knows their secret and hideout. To get Jee-Boom-Ba, they plan to take Bhaskar into custody. They mislead Latha into thinking that they are saving Bhaskar from Jee-Boom-Ba and manage to bring Bhaskar and Latha to their hideout by subterfuge. On reaching there, their plan of torturing Bhaskar to know Jee-Boom-Ba's whereabouts is revealed.
Mani plans to kill his lover Rita to marry Latha. Rita learns of this, kills Pandi and joins Bhaskar and Latha as they escape via boat. Mani follows them via helicopter; Rita is killed defending them, Latha is kidnapped and Bhaskar hangs by one of the helicopter's ledges. Remembering Jee-Boom-Ba's words, Latha calls him; when Bhaskar falls from the helicopter, Jee-Boom-Ba saves him, creates a flying car for the two ride, and they defeat Mani. Their crimes having been exposed by Seenu, Sabapathy and Mani are arrested. Bhaskar marries Latha and Seenu marries his lover Saroja. Jee-Boom-Ba decides to help other people in the world in the name of "good luck".
Cast
Jaishankar as Bhaskar
K. R. Vijaya as Latha
Nagesh as Seenu
Balaji as Mani
Manohar as Pandi
V. K. Ramasamy as Thangavel
V. S. Raghavan as Sabapathy
Javar Seetharaman as Jee-Boom-Baa
Rama Prabha as Saroja
Vijaya Lalitha as Rita
Production
The 1964 American film The Brass Bottle was a worldwide success, especially in Madras (now Chennai). Javar Seetharaman rewrote the film as Pattanathil Bootham, and starred as the genie, reprising the role originally played by Burl Ives. Director M. V. Raman called Pattanathil Bhootham "a much improved version" of the American film. The film also took inspiration from the folktale of Aladdin.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by R. Govardhanam and the lyrics were written by Kannadasan. Kannadasan, who wanted to join the Indian National Congress was waiting for the acceptance from the then Congress President K. Kamaraj, which made him to write the lines "Antha Sivagami maganidam seithi cholladi, ennai serum naal parka cholladi, veru yeverodum naan pesa vaarthai yethadi" (Tell Sivagami's son to fix the date to enrol me), indirectly referring to Kamaraj, whose mother's name was Sivagami. A trombone was used as an instrument in the song "Ulagathil Sirandhadhu". The songs "Kannil Kandathellam", "Naan Yaar", "Ulagathil Sirandhadhu" and "Andha Sivagami" attained popularity. Music historian Vamanan wrote, "Whether it be a ghazal-like romantic number (Andha Sivakami Maganidam), or a competition song that must flow through the comic to the romantic to the sentimental (Ulagathil Sirandhadhu Edhu) or a poignant number (Kannile Kandadhellaam Kaatchiyaa), Govardhanam measures up to his melody like a master."
Release and reception
Pattanathil Bhootham was released on 14 April 1967, during Puthandu. Despite facing competition from Magaraasi, released on the same day, it became a major commercial success. Ananda Vikatan, in a review dated 30 April 1967, applauded the cinematography by Ravikant Nagaich, particularly the trick shots and colour scenes.
References
Bibliography
External links
1960s fantasy comedy films
1960s Tamil-language films
1967 films
1967 romantic comedy films
Films about wish fulfillment
Films with screenplays by Javar Seetharaman
Genies in film
Indian fantasy comedy films
Indian remakes of American films
Indian romantic comedy films |
Vayrann (foaled 7 April 1978) was an Irish-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. As a three-year-old in 1981 he won four of his six races including the Prix Jean de Chaudenay, Prix du Prince d'Orange and Champion Stakes. His victory in the latter race was only confirmed at the end of a protracted and controversial process after he failed a post-race drug test. He was injured on his second appearance in 1982 and was retired to stud, where he had moderate success as a sire of winners.
Background
Vayrann was a brown horse with a large white star and a white coronet on his left hind foot officially bred by his owner Aga Khan IV in Ireland. He was one of the best horses sired by Brigadier Gerard who won seventeen of his eighteen races between 1970 and 1972 and is rated the second-best British-trained racehorse since 1947 (after Frankel) by the independent Timeform organisation. Vayrann's dam Val Divine (bred by François Dupré) was a moderate racehorse but a very good broodmare who produced the Queen Anne Stakes winner Valiyar and the Oak Tree Invitational Stakes winner Yashgan as well as the dams of Natroun (Prix du Jockey Club) and Vereva (Prix de Diane). The Aga Khan bought Val Divine at the dispersal of Dupre's bloodstock: at the time she was carrying the unborn foal who would later be named Vayrann.
Vayrann was trained by the veteran François Mathet at Chantilly. Mathet had trained many of the best French racehorses of the 20th century including Tantieme, Relko and Reliance.
Racing career
1981: three-year-old season
Vayrann began his racing career in the Prix Ajax, a maiden race over 2000 metres at Saint-Cloud Racecourse and won by five lengths. He then finished second to his stable companion Akarad in the Prix de l'Avre over 2400m at Longchamp Racecourse in May. He was the matched against older horses in the Prix Jean de Chaudenay at Saint Cloud in which he was matched against Argument, a colt who had won the 1980 Washington, D.C. International Stakes. Vayrann won decisively by three lengths from Kelbomec with Argument in third place. On his next appearance the colt was moved up in distance to contest the Grand Prix de Paris over 3000m at Longchamp on 4 July. He started the 6/4 favourite but finished third of the eleven runner behind the British colt Glint of Gold and the out-and-out stayer Tipperary Fixer.
After a two-month break, Vayrann returned in the Prix du Prince d'Orange over 2000m at Longchamp in September in which he was matched against the Prix du Jockey Club winner Bikala. The race attracted a great deal of attention as it also saw the reappearance of Storm Bird, the leading European two-year-old of 1980, who had been off the course for eleven months. Vayrann produced a strong finish to overtake Bikala inside the final furlong and won by half a length, with Storm Bird unplaced. Vayrann was then sent to England to contest the Champion Stakes over ten furlongs at Newmarket Racecourse. Ridden by Yves Saint-Martin he started the 15/2 second favourite behind the 2000 Guineas winner To-Agori-Mou in a field which also included the Irish filly Cairn Rouge who had won the race in 1981 as well as Master Willie, Madam Gay and The Wonder. Vayrann was always among the leaders, took the lead inside the final quarter mile and never looked in danger of defeat, winning by two lengths from Cairn Rouge, with the 66/1 outsider Amyndas two length further back in third. A post-race urine sample gave a positive result but the result of the race was left unaltered pending a Jockey Club inquiry held in the following year.
1982: four-year-old season
On his four-year-old debut, Vayrann contested the Group One Prix Ganay over 2100m at Longchamp on 2 May. He looked less than fully fit and ran well to finish fourth behind Bikala, Lancastrian and Al Nasr with Kalaglow and April Run unplaced. Two months later in the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud, Vayrann started third favourite at odds of 7/2. He finished fifth behind Glint of Gold, sustaining a serious injury to his right foreleg which ended his racing career.
The inquiry into Vayrann's positive test took place at a private session of the Jockey Club's disciplinary committee on 7 June 1982. The horse's urine sample had been found to contain Estrane-3.17 Diol a substance produced by the breakdown of anabolic steroids. The use of steroids is banned in British racing (although at the time they were allowed to be used as a medication for horses who were out of training) and it was widely expected that Vayrann would be disqualified. The Aga Khan's team of experts argued that it was possible for a male horse to produce Estrane naturally as a breakdown product from testosterone, and that the Jockey Club's list of prohibited substances only covered those which were administered externally. The committee accepted these arguments and allowed Vayrann to keep the race.
Assessment
In 1981 the independent Timeform organisation gave Vayrann a rating of 133, making him the fourth best horse of the year behind Shergar (140), Northjet (136) and Bikala (134). In the official International Classification he was less highly rated, being placed twelve pound behind the top-rated Shergar and equal-eleventh among all European-trained horses. In the following year he was rated 123 by Timeform.
Stud record
Vayrann was retired from racing to become a breeding stallion at his owner's Haras de Bonneval in Normandy. He was not a particularly successful stallion, but did sire the Grand Prix de Vichy winner Altashar as well as several Listed race winners. He also sired Vayrua, who finished third in Chester Vase before becoming a top-class National Hunt horse, whose wins included the Anniversary Hurdle at Aintree Racecourse in 1989. He was also the broodmare sire of the Prix de Diane winner Daryaba.
Pedigree
References
1978 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Ireland
Racehorses trained in France
Thoroughbred family 4-n |
Atelognathus patagonicus is a species of frog in the family Batrachylidae. It is endemic to the volcanic tablelands of Neuquén Province, western Argentina. Its common name is Patagonia frog.
Its natural habitats are permanent lagoons surrounded by steppe and/or semidesert. They are mostly aquatic but can also be found in the vegetation surrounding the lagoons. Breeding takes place in water.
The population in the Laguna Blanca (in the Laguna Blanca National Park), which used to be the main subpopulation, has been extirpated by introduced by fish (perch and salmonids). However, other subpopulations, located within the buffer zone of the Laguna Blanca National Park, occur in isolated ponds and mostly appear to be stable. However, eutrophication is a problem in some ponds, and introductions of predatory fish pose a risk to all remaining subpopulations. Also disease are a risk.
References
Atelognathus
Amphibians of Patagonia
Amphibians of Argentina
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Amphibians described in 1962
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Friedrich August Saebelmann (26 September 1851, in Karksi, Viljandi County – 3 March 1911, in Paistu, Viljandi County) was an composer, conductor, organist and teacher from the Russian Empire.
He is buried at Paistu Cemetery.
His brother was composer Aleksander Kunileid.
Works
choral song "Ellerhein"
choral song "Su priiuse nad olid matnud"
choral song "Ema süda"
choral song "Kaunimad laulud"
choral song "Jahilaul"
choral song "Kevade noorus"
choral song "Palve"
solo song "Serenaad"
References
1851 births
1911 deaths
Composers from the Russian Empire
People from Mulgi Parish |
The Young People's Socialist League (YPSL), founded in 1907, was the official youth arm of the Socialist Party of America. Its political activities tend to concentrate on increasing the voter turnout of young democratic socialists and social democrats affecting the issues impacting that demographic group.
History
Foundation and early years
The youth section of the Socialist Party of America (SPA) had its roots in non-coordinated groups established at the local level by party members interested in conducting special activities to attract young people to the socialist movement. These groups have diverse names, including the "Athenian Literary Society," "Young People's Alliance," and "Social Science Study Club."
The Young People's Socialist League (YPSL, pronounced "YIP-sell") was founded on May 17, 1907, in Chicago, Illinois, with the group containing about 30 members at the time of its formation. Key individuals in the formation of the group included Charles Schuler, A.W. Mance, Merle B. Haver, and Rube Burrows. Schuler remained as the Secretary of the organization all the way through 1913. Participants sought their own headquarters and held a series of money-raising entertainments and social events to that end, successful enough for the group in November 1907 to open an office in the building of the Chicago Daily Socialist.
Simultaneously in New York City, several already existing socialist youth groups united themselves in 1907 to form a "Young People's Socialist Federation." In connection with this growing New York socialist youth movement, in 1908 the publishing association responsible for producing the New Yorker Volkszeitung began to issue The Little Socialist Magazine for Boys and Girls — a publication which was renamed The Young Socialists' Magazine in June 1911 and which eventually became the official organ of the national YPSL movement.
The 1912 National Convention of the Socialist Party took note of a need to better coordinate the Socialist youth movement, placing it under the Women's Department of the National Office. This move proved to be merely cosmetic and there was still no national organization binding the numerous largely autonomous local organizations together until 1913. It was at this time the SPA's national committee was pushed into action by the efforts of the party's California State Secretary, a vociferous supporter of the socialist youth movement. While there remained support among some for the formation of a semi-autonomous organization which elected its own national secretary and executive committee, in the end the national committee of the SPA decided to form a "Young People's Department," directly attached and fully subordinate to the National Office of the adult SPA. Formal establishment of the YPSL as the official youth section of the Socialist Party began at this date.
By February 1914 the YPSL reported a membership total of 4,800, split into 112 circles.<ref name=Peterson35>Peterson, 'The Young Socialist Movement in America from 1905 to 1940, pg. 35.</ref> An additional 18 circles were in the process of being organized at that time. Members were kept abreast of developments of the organization in the pages of a monthly journal, The Young Socialists' Magazine, with a circulation of 10,000.
World War I and the Independent YPSL
In 1915 a unified national YPSL was formally launched when various local Circles adopted a constitution by a referendum vote. Two years later, YPSL National Secretary William "Bill" Kruse reported the group had a membership of about 5,000, spread in Circles in 147 cities.
With the coming of American entry into World War I, National Secretary Kruse was one of five top leaders of the SPA targeted for prosecution by the United States Department of Justice. Kruse was hauled into court, tried, and sentenced to 20 years in prison for purported violation of the wartime "Espionage Act" — a sentence which was finally overturned on appeal on grounds of judicial prejudice in 1920.
In 1919, the organized faction known as the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party exited the SPA to form two organizations which would eventually unite as the Communist Party USA. The YPSL, headed by Left Wing supporter Oliver Carlson and generally sympathetic to the perspective of the Left Wing, initially attempted to chart an independent course from either the Socialist Party or the nascent Communist Labor Party of America and Communist Party of America. This independent course terminated financial support for the organization from the SPA, however, and the so-called Independent Young People's Socialist League essentially disintegrated, with many of the active leaders in the group enlisting in the underground communist movement, while others drifted away from political activity altogether.
1921 reorganization
The Socialist Party reorganized the YPSL with Bill Kruse reelected as its secretary, but he, too, departed the Socialist Party for the Communist movement in 1921. The league was once again relaunched at a 1922 convention, with Albert Weisbord as national secretary. Weisbord managed to rebuild a network of YPSL Circles but in 1924 he joined Carlson and Kruse in the ranks of the Workers Party of America, "legal" successor to the underground communist movement.
The YPSL organization survived the defection of its third leader and were active in the Socialist Party-endorsed campaign of Robert M. La Follette for President of the United States in 1924. An attempt was made to start a new official publication for the organization called Free Youth, but the effort failed due to lack of funds, with the membership of the Socialist Party down to about 10% of where it stood five years previously. With the rest of the Socialist Party, the YPSL entered five years of decline and malaise following the unsatisfying outcome of the 1924 campaign.
Growth in the early 1930s
The Great Depression beginning in 1929, combined with a new and energetic Socialist Party leadership around 1928 Presidential Candidate Norman Thomas and party Executive Secretary Clarence Senior lead to a revitalization of the Socialist Party's youth wing, as the YPSL grew along with the adult party. According to National Secretary Emanuel Switkes, at the end of 1930 the national YPSL organization had about 1500 members, divided into 65 branches in 25 cities of 9 states.
The for a time the YPSL was subdivided into two divisions, a "junior" group including boys and girls from the ages 13 to 16 and a "senior" group of young women and men aged 16 to 30. The organization raised funds and collected clothing for strikes in Danville, Virginia and Ward, West Virginia, and assisted in picketing on behalf of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union, the Furriers Union, the Retail Clerks Union, and others. The group also held a jamboree in Reading, Pennsylvania, the national headquarters of the YPSL organization.
The official organ of the YPSL during the depression decade was a monthly tabloid newspaper launched in April 1933 initially called The Challenge, the name later being changed to The Challenge of Youth. The YPSL also produced a theoretical magazine and discussion bulletin called Young Socialist Review, which was available for 10 cents a copy. The magazine seems to have appeared irregularly. National chairman of the YPSL in 1935 was Arthur G. McDowell and national secretary was Winston Dancis.
Red Falcons
In 1933 the party established a children's organization known as the Red Falcons of America, targeted at children who might otherwise be swept up by the Boy Scouts (perceived to be a quasi-military training organization) or the Sunday schools (believed to be aimed at fostering passivity and fatalism through inculcation of religious dogma). Boys and girls between the ages of 8 and 15 were eligible for membership in the group, of which it was said that it "trains them for service in the class struggle and membership in the Young People's Socialist League."
Yipsel Circles were called up on to "make Falcon work a part of their regular activity" and volunteers from the YPSL ranks were sought to serve as leaders and advisors of the new Junior youth organization. The group seems to have been started on YPSL initiative as the initial report of the group in the YPSL's official newspaper indicated that "the Yipsel National Executive will take up with the National Office of the Socialist Party and sympathetic labor organizations the matter of aid to the [Red Falcon] movement."
Red Falcon headquarters was located at the Rand School of Social Science, located at 7 East 15th Street in New York City. There organization published its own monthly magazine, The Falcon Call, for its members, with the first issue having come off the press in January 1933. Activities of one branch of the group included early morning distribution of trade union leaflets at a non-union handkerchief factory and visits to a New York museum "to see visual portrayal of the story of evolution."
The Red Falcons were accorded independent status and a full-time national office at Socialist Party headquarters late in 1935, when National Secretary Clarence Senior preemptively acceded to the group's demand for the same, staving off a planned "March on Chicago." Sam Schwimer, editor of The Falcon Call, was chosen as the national secretary of the group.
The Red Falcons held a "Guides' Convention" in association with the July 1936 national convention of the Socialist Party in Cleveland, with Secretary Elizabeth Most stepping down from her position. Harry Fleischman was named by National Secretary Senior as the new head of the children's group, which claimed an organized membership of "approximately 2500."
Socialist Vanguard
Influenced no doubt by the so-called "shirts movement" of Europe, in which party youth and adult organizations of the political right and left identified themselves with common uniforms, in 1933 the New York Young People's Socialist League launched a new sub-organization called the "Socialist Vanguard." This group was organized into "squads" of 8 members each, about 40 of which were established at the time of the group's launch. The Socialist Vanguard was marked by royal blue shirts with a red logo, the emblem being a circle with three arrows, as used by the by then annihilated Iron Front in Germany.
The group's debut came at a "ratification meeting" held September 24, 1933 in New York City — a mass meeting attended by nearly 2,000 people, according to a Socialist Party account. The gathering was addressed by party leader and perennial Presidential nominee Norman Thomas as well as Mayoral candidate Charles Solomon. Jack Altman, a veteran of the YPSL, was chosen as leader of the new body, with three others selected as boro heads for Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens.
YPSL membership data
At the time of the 7th national convention of the YPSL, held in Reading, Pennsylvania in August 1933, National Secretary Win Dancis reported a membership of approximately 4,000 for the organization, divided among 204 chartered local circles.
The 8th national convention of the YPSL, held in 1935, raised the group's maximum membership age from 25 to 30, a decision ratified by vote of the membership.
In addition to their direct efforts in financial assistance and picketing of labor actions, the YPSL also conducted educational and propaganda activities among its members as well as providing an opportunity for like minded young people to participate in athletics, dramatic performances, and other social activities. Local branches sometimes produced their own publications, such as the monthlies The Socialist (Boston), Free Youth (New York), as well as less professional mimeographed bulletins in Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, and Syracuse, New York.
1936 saw the YPSL's membership in the range between 2,000 and 6,000 members, as compared to the Young Communist League, which had around 11,000 members at that time. The Socialist youth organization continued to experience minimal growth, while the YCL exploded to around 22,000 members by 1939, making it far and away the leading left youth organization in the country. During the 1930s the youth party emphasized on the working class and non-college youth, despite the fact that the leadership group were mostly college graduate". The YPSL organ, the Young Socialist Review, deemphasized college work, and instead targeting work on organizing at the High School level. While, YPSL was periodically active in collegiate affairs, this effort was often conducted by members who were connected with other left youth organizations, such as the Student League for Industrial Democracy.
Decline in the late 1930s
A bitter struggle between the rivaling factions appeared during the late 1930s within the mother party, between the revolutionary socialist "Militants" and an electorally-oriented "Old Guard." Young, energetic, and brash, the YPSL branches seem to have almost universally been drawn to the Militant faction, bringing some branches into conflict with the Locals of the adult party with which they were nominally associated. The New York YPSL found themselves locked out of their office and blackballed from membership in the adult party by the Old Guard-dominated New York State Committee in early 1935 when they refused to support the weekly newspaper of the Old Guard, The New Leader. A complaint was filed and the matter was brought before the national executive committee for judgment at its March 23–24, 1935, session held in Buffalo, New York. The NEC instructed the New York State Committee to adhere to the national constitution of the SPA, which called for the admission of YPSL members of 2 years good standing. Six weeks were given for compliance.
In 1936, an influx of Trotskyist members into the adult tilted the YPSL's ideological direction to the left, with National Secretary Ernest Erber particularly supportive of the new radical trend. Several hundred members of the Trotskyist Spartacus Youth League joined the YPSL as part of a mass entry into the Socialist Party known among the Trotskyists as the "French Turn." The Trotskyists were expelled en masse in 1937, but many young activists exited the YPSL with them during the acrimonious split.
In 1936, the party turned its attention towards campus, creating the National Student Committee (NSC). The organization never drew many members, many speculating because of its ties with the Socialist Party of America or because of YPSL's factionalism. The only strength YPSL had with the campus movement, was through more sophisticated members who had earned high ranks within other student organizations, such as the American Youth Congress (AYC) and the American Student Union (ASU). With the ever-growing YCL, YPSL help founding the Youth Committee Against War (YCAW), which became an organization in which YPSL members voiced their politics about the peace movement. While ultimately did not lead to much more support, which would have been seen as one of socialisms biggest failures in the United States, to not be able to gain popular support from young workers and college students, losing many left-leaning supporters to the Communists.
When Nazi Germany started World War II, the SPA firmly said that they did not want the United States to participate in the war. The relationships between YPSL and YCL was hurt by this, being that YCL wanted to join the war. The YCL drew strength from both liberals and socialist alike, many supporters were convinced that Europe needed help to defeat the fascist state of Nazi Germany. Despite socialist opposition, both AYC and ASU both supported YCL in its foreign policies regarding the fascist regime of Nazi Germany. By the end of the 1939, YCL used much its time attacking YPSL.
The Cold War era
By 1952, the Socialist Party's YPSL had 134 members, 62 of which had been recruited that year. The Independent Socialist League (ISL) affiliated Socialist Youth League (SYL) had been making overtures to YPSL. The mother party, Socialist Party of America, told YPSL it could not have contact with the "totalitarian" organizations of SYL or ISL, although YPSL ignored this, and the relationship between YPSL and its mother party worsened. In 1953, the Socialist Party cut off money to YPSL, and then suspended YPSL's New York branch, which was the one with the most contact with SYL (and the ISL). In August, the party including the "suspended" members voted to disaffiliate with its mother party. In February 1954, the Young People's Socialist League merged with SYL to form the Young Socialist League.
The party revived YPSL after the split but by 1958. By that time the Socialist Party had merged with the Social Democratic Federation and had become the Socialist Party-Social Democratic Federation. This was part of a strategy favored by David McReynolds and others to merge all the democratic socialist groups into one organization. Max Shachtman of the ISL was receptive to this idea and, after much controversy, the ISL agreed to disband, turn over its assets to the SP-SDF and its members joined the individually. The YSL mergerd with the YPSL organizationally at a convention in August 1958.Alexander, Robert "Schisms and unifications in the American Old Left" Labor History vol. 14 Fall 1973 p.543
YPSL in the 1960s
The YPSL grew quickly in the early 1960s, from 300 members in 1960 to over 800 in 1962. Two of its important leaders were Tom Kahn and Rachelle Horowitz, two students who had joined the YSL at Brooklyn College in the mid-1950s. They had helped organize several important civil rights demonstrations with the aid of Bayard Rustin, including the 1957 Prayer Pilgrimage to Washington and the 1958 and 1959 Youth March for Integrated Schools. In 1960 YPSL members played important roles organizing pickets at local Woolworths in support of the Southern sit-ins and protesting the arrival of the HUAC to the San Francisco Bay area.
Within the SP-SDF and the YPSL, Max Shachtman's group was known as the "realignment tendency" because Shachtman increasingly felt that it was better for the Socialists to create a realignment within the Democratic Party consisting of the AFL-CIO, African Americans and liberals. It was also anti-communist. When Shachtman made a speech supporting the Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961 to the Berkeley chapter of the Socialist Party, the local YPSL chapter withdrew his invitation to speak the following day. Domestically they were against working with Stalinists. Besides the "realignment tendency", YPSL contained more traditional "third camp" socialists, which maintained the politics that Shachtman had formulated in the late 1940s. This was called the "labor party tendency" because they favored a labor party on the British model, rather than a strategy of reforming the Democratic Party as a socialist party.
During this period the YPSL worked within other groups, such as the Student Peace Union and the Students for a Democratic Society, but their internal factionalism got in the way. Mike Parker, a yipsel of the labor party faction, had become the group's national secretary in 1960, and other yipsels poured into the SPU, where they also recruited new members. This helped to give the SPU's ideology a "Third Camp" orientation that held both the west and the USSR responsible for nuclear proliferation. Its most popular slogan was "No Test! East or West!". However, the SPU was a base for the labor-party faction within the YPSL and the realignment tendency sought to having it merge with Student SANE to dilute their influence. This idea was defeated by Parker, but the intense YPSL factionalism within the SPU continued until the group disbanded in spring 1964.
YPSL was hostile to the new SDS "activist" approach in 1960; they were wary that it would become another "protest group" and compete with them within the civil rights movement. They were briefly successful in getting Al Haber removed as field secretary in March 1961, but he was quickly rehired after threatening to form another youth group. In May 1961 the YPSL tried to get the SDS to affiliate with a number of independent groups in which it was active, such as the Politics Club at the University of Chicago as chapters, but were rebuffed. The SDS gradually took a more radical line than its parent organization, the League for Industrial Democracy, which was controlled by the realignment caucus. It recruited among "red diaper babies" and criticized the "'paranoic' use of terms like 'stalinoid' and 'stalinist'.
The dispute came to a head at the SDSs June 1962 convention at Port Huron, Michigan. The YPSL representative, Michael Harrington, objected to seating an observer from the Communist Party. Harrington was also upset with the manifesto adopted by the convention, the Port Huron Statement, for its criticism of American labor unions and for its criticism of liberal and socialist opposition to communism. He was able to get some concessions, but when he got back to New York he got a call from a yipsel saying that the changes had been thrown out. Harrington alerted the LID executive board who promptly changed the locks on the SDS doors, fired Al Haber (again) and summoned the SDS leaders for a stiff "talking to". After reading the statement, the LID board found that the changes Harrington had favored had been included in the final document; after some financial backers came to SDS's defense, the locks were removed from their office and Haber was reinstated. The incident left a negative impression on the SDS leaders toward democratic socialists and liberals.
By 1964 the SP-SDF was becoming increasingly under the control of the realignment tendency, while the YPSL was becoming more radicalized, and tended more toward Trotskyism. At its national convention in August 1964 the YPSL elected a leadership particularly hostile to the party, passed resolutions moving the YPSL's headquarters to Chicago without consulting the party, deleted all references to the party in its constitution and initiated a referendum on seceding from the parent organization. The National Action Committee of the Socialist Party suspended the YPSL on September 8, pending a meeting of the full national committee. The national committee met on November 28–29 and passed two resolutions, one lifting the suspension if the YPSL would agree to continue in its constitutional role as the party's youth section, and another empowering it to appoint a special youth committee to co-ordinate the activities of loyal yipsels and chapters should the YPSL leadership not comply with the first resolution. Following this, the YPSL national executive committee voted to dissolve the organization; the party followed through with its pledge and appointed a "caretaker" committee until a new convention could be held. When the YPSL was reconstituted its leaders and staff were mainly associates of Max Schachtman. Most of the "labor party" adherents found their way into Hal Draper's Independent Socialist Clubs.Isserman, pp. 193-194
Legacy
A number of the YPSL members from the 1960s and early 1970s became notable figures, including United States Senator Bernie Sanders, Carl Gershman of the National Endowment for Democracy, Josh Muravchik of the American Enterprise Institute and Max Green, the author of Epitaph for American Labor: Radicalism in the Union Movement (1996). Gershman, Muravchik and Green were the vice chairman, national chairman and national secretary of the organization in 1971.
Conventions
First national convention
According to YPSL first national convention from May 1–4, 1919, the committee was supposed to consist of all state secretaries of the YPSL organized state parties. Other members could only by elected into the committee by a referendum vote. All unorganized state organization included in the YPSL was entitled to a national committeeman, if the state organization consisted a membership of over 100 members. The election of a committeeman was to be supervised of a national secretary of the organization. Members who sought a position in the national committee or any subcommittees needed a one year's consecutive membership.
A national secretary was nominated by the various state Leagues. Voting was by a referendum of the membership conducted by the standing national secretary of the league. The national secretary had a term of two years, taking office in July and was ineligible to stand for re-election after having served two-consecutive terms.
1932 national convention
The 1932 national convention decided to launch a new official newspaper for the YPSL, a monthly which was born the following spring as The Challenge.
7th national convention
The 7th national convention of the YPSL was held in Reading, Pennsylvania, on the weekend of August 26–27, 1933. A total of 147 delegates were seated, representing 100 Circles in 37 cities from 14 states and one Canadian province. According to official organizational reports, the YPSL counted 204 constituent Circles with a total membership of "around 4,000."
The convention authorized the establishment of regular Educational and Student departments in addition to the Industrial Department first established at the convention of 1932. Winston Dancis was unanimously elected national secretary, Arthur G. McDowell was elected national chairman, succeeding the retiring Julius Umansky, and a new NEC was chosen, including Dancis, McDowell, Austin Adams (Reading, PA), John Domurad (Holyoke, MA), Aaron Levenstein (New York City), Robert Parker (Cleveland), Paul A. Rasmussen (Illinois), John Stroebel (Milwaukee), Noah C.A. Walter, Jr. (New York City), and Milton Weisberg (Pittsburgh). William Gomberg was elected national student secretary, Gus Tyler educational secretary, and Arthur McDowell reelected as industrial secretary.
The case of former national secretary Smerkin was heard by the convention. The decision of the NEC to recall Smerkin and reorganize the Chicago Circle because of their "disruptive" campaign "under Communist Party influence to divide YPSL ranks and disrupt the organization" was ratified by a vote of 110 to 9.
8th national convention
The 8th national convention of the YPSL was held from July 19 to 21, 1935, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
National secretaries
William F. "Bill" Kruse (1915–1919)
Oliver Carlson (1919–1921)
Albert Weisbord (1922–1924)
Emanuel Switkes
George Smerkin (c. May 1933) —removed by YPSL NEC for participation in unsanctioned political activities.
Winston "Win" Dancis (May 1933-1935?)
Ben Fischer (c. 1935)
Ernest Erber (1936-Aug. 1937)
Al Hamilton (Sept. 1937-?)
Official publications
Young Socialists' Magazine Free Youth (New York) (February 15, 1931 – November 1, 1931) —semi-monthly, 18 issues produced.
The Challenge/Challenge of Youth (Chicago and New York) (March 1933 – September 1946) —Briefly relaunched as Arise from November 1937 following the split of the Trotskyist faction.
See also
Socialist Sunday Schools
Footnotes
Further reading
Todd Stewart Hutton, Historical-Sociological Analysis of Goal Transformation in a Social Movement Training Organization: The Young People's Socialist League of America, 1920-1929. PhD dissertation. Duke University, 1982.
Patti McGill Peterson, The Young Socialist Movement in America from 1905 to 1940: A Study of the Young People's Socialist League. PhD dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1974.
Patti McGill Peterson, "Student Organizations and the Antiwar Movement in America, 1900-1960." American Studies,'' vol. 13, no. 1, (Spring 1972), pp. 131–147. In JSTOR
External links
Tim Davenport, "Young People's Socialist League, 1907-1946: Organizational History," Early American Marxism website, www.marxisthistory.org/
Socialist Party of America
Youth wings of political parties in the United States
Youth wings of social democratic parties |
Matīši Parish () is an administrative unit of Valmiera Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.
Parishes of Latvia
Valmiera Municipality
Vidzeme |
Md. Tafazzul Islam (born 8 February 1943) is a Bangladeshi who served as the 17th Chief Justice of Bangladesh.
Early life and education
Islam was born to Majeda Khatun and Momtazuddin Ahmed, a retired Superintendent of Police. His wife, Humaira Islam, is the founder executive director of Shakti Foundation, an NGO dedicated to empowering disadvantaged women. Islam graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in history from the University of Dhaka, continuing to complete his master's in the same subject and then his LLB. Later he completed his Bar vocational course in 1967. Islam stood first in Bangla recitation in the literary competition of Salimullah Muslim Hall in years 1959 and 1960. While doing the BVC in London, he was a news broadcaster in BBC.
Career
Islam was called to the Bar of England and Wales from the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1967. He enrolled as an advocate of the High Court of East Pakistan in 1969. Later, in 1980, he became an advocate in the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.
He was elevated to the bench in 1994, as a judge of the High Court Division, and then to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh in 2003. In 2009, he was appointed as the Chief Justice of Bangladesh.
During the period he was an advocate, Islam had been actively associated with the teaching profession. He was an adjunct faculty in the City Law College, teaching The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and Equity and Trust. He also taught Corporate law at the Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka, and was an Examiner in Law in Dhaka University. As a member of the Corporate Law Commission of Bangladesh, he actively participated in the drafting of Bank Company Act, 1991 and The Companies Act (Bangladesh), 1994.
While a judge of the High Court Division, he also held the offices of Chairman of the Enrollment Committee of the Bangladesh Bar Council, from 2004 to 2008, and of the chairman of the Bangladesh Judicial Service Commission during 2008–9.
Judgments
Islam was the principal author of several landmark judgments, laying the foundations for the development of laws and setting significant precedents. These include the judgments on repeal of the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of Bangladesh, upholding the judgment of the High Court Division sentencing the killers of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , enlarging the powers of the High Court Division under The Companies Act (Bangladesh), 1994 in protecting the interests of minority shareholders, and reversing the decision of the High Court Division to allow the construction of markets in violation of the provisions of environmental laws.
References
External links
Tafazzul Islam
Living people
1943 births
Supreme Court of Bangladesh justices
University of Dhaka alumni
Chief Justices of Bangladesh
Honorary Fellows of Bangla Academy
People from Comilla District |
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