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Zara Nelsova (December 23, 1918October 10, 2002) was a prominent cellist. Biography Nelsova was born as Sara Katznelson in Winnipeg, Canada, to parents of Jewish-Russian descent. Nelsova first performed at the age of five in Winnipeg. She eventually moved with her family to London, England, where she studied at the London Cello School with its principal, Herbert Walenn. She was heard by Sir John Barbirolli and introduced by him to Pablo Casals from whom she received additional lessons. In 1932, aged only 13, she gave a London debut recital and appeared as soloist with Sir Malcolm Sargent and the London Symphony Orchestra. During World War II she was principal cellist of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and in 1942 made her United States solo debut at Town Hall in New York. From 1942 to 1944, she was cellist of the Conservatory String Quartet. In 1949 Nelsova moved to London, where she introduced to Britain new works by Samuel Barber, Paul Hindemith, Dmitri Shostakovich and Ernest Bloch, who dedicated his three suites for unaccompanied cello to her. She premiered Hugh Wood's concerto at the 1969 Promenade concerts. In 1955 she became an American citizen and performed as a soloist for major orchestras, including Boston, Winnipeg, Montreal and the New York Philharmonic. She also toured extensively, and in 1966 was the first North American cellist to play in the Soviet Union. Nelsova promoted the Elgar Cello Concerto when it was rarely heard, long before Jacqueline du Pré, in concert and in recital with a piano reduction of the orchestral score. From 1966 to 1973 she was married to the American pianist Grant Johannesen, with whom she often performed and recorded. Her dignified, introspective readings of Bloch's Schelomo and Barber's Cello Concerto were both recorded with the composers conducting and later recorded Schelomo under Ernest Ansermet, also for the Decca-London label.) She played a Stradivari cello, the "Marquis de Corberon" of 1726. She taught at the Juilliard School from 1962 to 2002, the year of her death. In 1978, Gerhard Samuel composed "In Memoriam DQ" for Solo Cello (copyright 1990 MMB Music), for Zara Nelsova, which was first performed January 7, 1980. In 2002, Nelsova died in New York City, aged 83. Zara Nelsova Award for Emerging Cellist An award was given in Nelsova's name at the 2008 Naumburg International Violoncello Competition; the winner was Saeunn Thorsteinsdottir, from Iceland. At the 2011 International Cello Festival of Canada an award in her name was presented to Se-Doo Park. References Elgar Concerto: Recital, Eaton Auditorium, Toronto, ca 1955. External links Canadian Encyclopedia entry Photo with Grant Johannesen on concert tour of Southern Africa 1967, organised by Hans Adler. [ allmusic.com Entry] 1918 births 2002 deaths Canadian classical cellists American classical cellists American women classical cellists Canadian expatriates in England Canadian emigrants to the United States Canadian music educators Women cellists Musicians from Winnipeg Jewish Canadian musicians Juilliard School faculty 20th-century American musicians 20th-century classical musicians Canadian people of Russian-Jewish descent American people of Russian-Jewish descent 20th-century Canadian women musicians Canadian women music educators 20th-century American women musicians 20th-century cellists
In computer networking, a firewall pinhole is a port that is not protected by a firewall to allow a particular application to gain access to a service on a host in the network protected by the firewall. Leaving ports open in firewall configurations exposes the protected system to potentially malicious abuse. A fully closed firewall prevents applications from accessing services on the other side of the firewall. For protection, the mechanism for opening a pinhole in the firewall should implement user validation and authorization. For firewalls performing a network address translation (NAT) function, the mapping between the external {IP address, port} socket and the internal {IP address, port} socket is often called a pinhole. Pinholes can be created manually or programmatically. They can be temporary, created dynamically for a specific duration such as for a dynamic connection, or permanent, such as for signaling functions. Firewalls sometimes automatically close pinholes after a period of time (typically a few minutes) to minimize the security exposure. Applications that require a pinhole to be kept open often need to generate artificial traffic through the pinhole in order to cause the firewall to restart its timer. See also Port forwarding Port triggering NAT hole punching NAT traversal TCP hole punching UDP hole punching ICMP hole punching Port Control Protocol (PCP) NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) Internet Gateway Device Protocol (UPnP IGD) Computer network security
Asahel Lynde Powers (February 28, 1813 – 1843) was an American painter active in New England. Powers was born in Springfield, Vermont, and began his career as an itinerant artist at an early age. At 18 years old, Powers was already well-known. The first portrait attributed to him is of Dr. Joel Green from Rutland, Vermont, dated 1831, now on display in the Springfield Art and Historical Society. Like many contemporary paintings, Powers' early works were oil on wood panel. During the 1830s, Powers traveled through Vermont, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. From 1839 to 1841 he worked in New York's Clinton and Franklin counties. In the early 1840s, he moved to Olney, Illinois. There are no known works from his time in Illinois, where he died in 1843. References It's About Time, blog with paintings National Gallery of Art biography Springfield Art and Historical Society biography Asahel Powers: Painter of Vermont Faces, Nina Fletcher Little, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1973. Plates 37 & 38, pages 38–39. 19th-century American painters 1813 births 1843 deaths People from Springfield, Vermont People from Olney, Illinois
Félix or Felice Baciocchi may refer to: Felice Pasquale Baciocchi (1762–1841), Corsican brother-in-law of Napoleon I Prince of Piombino and Lucca Félix Baciocchi (1803–1866), nephew of the above, chamberlain of Napoleon III then senator
Chan Fat Chi (, born 10 January 1957) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a forward. Career He played for Bulova, Seiko, South China and Instant-Dict. He was the Hong Kong Footballer of the Year in 1988 and 1989. He played in the famous Hong Kong victory over China on 19 May 1985. References Living people 1957 births Hong Kong First Division League players Bulova SA players Seiko SA players South China AA players Double Flower FA players Men's association football forwards Hong Kong men's footballers Hong Kong men's international footballers
Johann MacDougall Lamont (; born 11 July 1957) is a Scottish Labour Co-operative politician who served as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2011 to 2014. She was previously a junior Scottish Executive minister from 2004 to 2007 and Deputy Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2008 until her election to the leadership in 2011. In addition to her ministerial and leadership roles, she has been a campaigner on equality issues and violence against women throughout her political career. Born in Glasgow, Lamont attended Woodside Secondary School and obtained a degree from the University of Glasgow. After studying for teaching qualifications at Jordanhill College, she became a schoolteacher. Active in the Labour Party since she was at university, Lamont served on its Scottish Executive Committee, and chaired it in 1993. With the establishment of a devolved legislature in Scotland, she was elected as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Pollok in 1999. Having been appointed convener of the Scottish Parliament's Social Justice Committee in 2001, she obtained her first ministerial role in a Labour–Liberal Democrat coalition in October 2004 and served until its defeat by the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2007. Lamont stood for the Scottish Labour leadership following the resignation of Iain Gray in the wake of the party's defeat at the 2011 Scottish Parliament election; its second consecutive defeat. Following a review of how the Labour Party in Scotland would be structured, she became its first overall leader. She stated Labour lost the 2011 election because it had lost direction, and initiated a review of Scottish Labour policy on issues like devolution and the party's commitment to free universal public services. Following the SNP Government's announcement of a referendum on Scottish independence, she was a key figure in the Better Together campaign; a cross-party movement that sought to keep Scotland part of the United Kingdom. She resigned as Scottish Labour leader in October 2014, making the announcement in a Daily Record interview in which she claimed that senior figures within the UK Labour Party had undermined her attempts to reform the Scottish party, and treated it "like a branch office of London". Following a leadership election to replace her, she was succeeded in December 2014 by former Secretary of State for Scotland Jim Murphy. Lamont's work as Scottish Labour leader won her accolades at the Scottish Politician of the Year Awards, for Political Impact of the Year in 2012 and Debater of the Year in 2013. In parliamentary debates, she was perceived by commentators such as The Scotsmans Andrew Whitaker as being an effective opponent to First Minister Alex Salmond, but others, including Richard Seymour of The Guardian, criticised her for clumsiness during television interviews. Early life and teaching career Johann MacDougall Lamont was born in the Anderston district of Glasgow on 11 July 1957. Her parents, Archie and Effie, were both Gaelic speakers from crofting families on the Inner Hebridean island of Tiree, who met after both had moved to Glasgow. Archie was a carpenter employed by the Scottish ferry operator Caledonian MacBrayne, working on the Mallaig to Skye route. He took part in the Seamen's Strike of 1966. The family were Presbyterians, and Lamont's mother was influenced in her faith by the American evangelist Billy Graham. Her first experiences of public speakers was listening to the preachers her mother took her to see as a girl. Lamont's childhood was divided between Glasgow and her mother's family home on Tiree, where she and her brother David spent their summer holidays. She attended Woodside Secondary School, having declined to take scholarship exams for selective education. Like her parents, she was a Gaelic speaker, but she did not believe she spoke it well enough, and she dropped it at school in favour of French and German. It was also at school that she first developed an interest in politics, once entering a Daily Mirror competition with a politically-themed short story. The tale, whose central character discussed her intention to demand a pay rise and was finally revealed to be the Queen, won Lamont third prize. She studied English and History at the University of Glasgow, graduating with an MA. Joining the Labour Party in 1975, she was active in Glasgow University Labour Club where she was a contemporary of fellow Labour politician Margaret Curran, and was also involved with the women's movement. She trained as a teacher for a year at Jordanhill College, gaining a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, and afterwards joined Rothesay Academy, as a teacher in 1979. She taught at Springburn Academy in Glasgow from 1982 to 1989 and at Castlemilk High School, also in Glasgow, from 1990 to 1999. Lamont taught English and worked with social workers and educational psychologists attempting to tackle instances of school truancy. Continuing to be active in the Labour Party, Lamont became a prominent campaigner on issues related to social justice, equality and devolution. Although she had voted no in the 1979 referendum that proposed the establishment of a Scottish Assembly, during the 1980s and 1990s she was a representative on the Scottish Constitutional Convention, the body that paved the way for Scottish devolution. Of her 1979 decision, Lamont has said that she "came from the strand on the left which saw the politics of nationalism as a diversion from more central aims [but later] came to see the parliament as a vehicle for democratic change in Scotland." She was a member of the Scottish Executive Committee of the Labour Party, serving as chair in 1993. MSP for Glasgow Pollok Although a Labour activist for two decades, Lamont had not sought election to the House of Commons during that time, telling a 2014 BBC interview there were few chances for women to be elected to Westminster: "In 1987 Labour sent down 50 MPs and only one of them was a woman." Instead, her decision to seek political office was influenced by the creation of the Scottish Parliament. Speaking to The Herald in 2011, she said, "It is easy to forget what a great opportunity it was for women and I was determined that women would be represented, would have a strong voice." The parliament was established as a result of the 1997 referendum that saw a 74% vote in favour of devolving legislative powers to Scotland. Lamont was first elected as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Pollok in 1999. She held the seat in 2003, when she faced a strong challenge from the Scottish Socialist Party leader Tommy Sheridan, and then again in 2007 and 2011. During her maiden speech on 17 May 1999, Lamont was the first MSP to use Gaelic at a sitting of the Parliament. She served on a number of the Parliament's committees during her first term in office, including the Equal Opportunities Committee, the Local Government Committee and the Social Justice Committee. She became convener of the Social Justice Committee in 2001. In 2000 she became the first Labour MSP to rebel against the Labour-led administration when she threatened to lead backbenchers in voting against a planned Scottish Executive attempt to block the Abolition of Poindings and Warrant Sales Bill, which had been introduced by Sheridan. The move resulted in the withdrawal of the amendment, and a crucial parliamentary vote in favour of the legislation. At a session of First Minister's Questions in 2002, she narrowly avoided becoming the first MSP to be ejected from the parliament after continuing to speak when Presiding Officer David Steel had told her to sit down. Steel felt her supplementary question about youth crime was too long, but the incident led to a heated parliamentary debate, and accusations from Lamont's colleague, Labour's Helen Eadie that the Presiding Officer was not treating male and female MSPs equally, an allegation he rejected. Frontbench politics Lamont was appointed convener of the Communities Committee in 2003. In March 2004 the Committee endorsed a bill aimed at tackling antisocial behaviour, which included plans for parenting orders and the electronic tagging of youths under the age of 16. First Minister Jack McConnell made her Deputy Minister for Communities in the Scottish Executive in October 2004. In that post she was responsible for the launch of a radio and television advertising campaign aimed at tackling domestic abuse that aired over Christmas 2005, and she expressed concerns over the level of discrimination faced by travellers and gypsies after the issue was highlighted in a 2005 Scottish Parliament report. In November 2006, Lamont was appointed Deputy Minister for Justice and oversaw reforms to Scotland's Lower Courts system. She held the post until Labour was defeated at the 2007 election. McConnell appointed her as Labour's spokesperson for Communities and Sport in his post-election frontbench team, a role she retained in the shadow cabinet formed by his successor, Wendy Alexander, in September 2007. Following Alexander's decision to step down as leader of the Labour MSPs in June 2008, and Cathy Jamieson's subsequent resignation as her deputy, Lamont stood against fellow MSP Bill Butler for the position vacated by Jamieson. She was elected as deputy leader in September 2008 with 60.16 per cent of the vote, against 39.82 per cent for Butler. At the same time, Iain Gray was elected to lead the Labour group at Holyrood. In addition to her deputy leadership role, Lamont was appointed Chief of Staff with special responsibility for Equalities. While in that post she gave her support to Scottish Government plans to introduce a Bill outlawing forced marriage, which was announced in September 2010. In February 2011, she criticised Scottish Conservative MSP and Justice Committee Convener, Bill Aitken after the Sunday Herald quoted him making a controversial statement about a rape victim, and later welcomed his subsequent resignation. As Gray's deputy Lamont also represented Labour at First Minister's Questions in his absence. At a session of First Minister's Questions in October 2009, she raised the issue of the Scottish Futures Trust with Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, asking whether the public body planned to spend any money on improving school infrastructure before the 2011 election. Leader of the Scottish Labour Party Leadership election In the wake of Labour's second defeat at the Scottish Parliament election of May 2011, which saw the Scottish National Party (SNP) form its first majority government, Gray announced his intention to step down as leader of the Labour MSPs later that year. A review chaired by Jim Murphy and Sarah Boyack into the party's structure in Scotland subsequently concluded that the next leader should lead the entire Scottish Labour Party rather than just its MSPs, as previous leaders had. Lamont declared her candidacy for the leadership election in September 2011 and launched her campaign on 7 November at Stirling University. She told delegates that Labour needed to reengage with the electorate if it wanted to govern again: "We must listen and learn, show humility and seek again to talk for and to people's ambitions and concerns. Our real challenge is that we in Labour lost our way, lost our confidence and lost Scotland." Lamont's opponents in the leadership race were the MP Tom Harris, and her fellow MSP Ken Macintosh, both of whom had also expressed a need for Labour to change if it was to win the next election. Harris's campaign centred on the belief that Labour had to "[re-establish] itself as the party of aspiration", or it would risk becoming "an irrelevance". Macintosh felt the party had focused too heavily on its traditional support in the Central Belt while paying less attention to rural communities. He suggested increasing government help to tackle unemployment among young people, and wanted to nationalise rail and bus services. The result of the election was announced on 17 December 2011 and saw Lamont secure an overall majority with 51.77% of the vote in the first round. Her closest rival was Macintosh with 40.28%, while Harris was third with 7.95%. Lamont also won majorities in two groups of Labour's three-tier electoral college system, securing the support of parliamentarians and affiliated bodies such as trade unions. Macintosh was backed by the majority of individual party members. In her acceptance speech, Lamont told party activists, "Together we will change the Scottish Labour Party and win the chance to serve the people of Scotland again and make Scotland all that we know it can be." On the same day, MP Anas Sarwar was elected to the position of Deputy that Lamont had vacated. Shadow Cabinet Lamont began appointing members of her shadow cabinet on 19 December 2011. Those given positions on her initial frontbench team include Macintosh (Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth), Hugh Henry (Labour spokesman for Education and Lifelong Learning), Lewis Macdonald (Shadow Justice Minister) and Boyack (Local Government and Planning). The post of Shadow Health Minister was given to Jackie Baillie, who had held the position previously. Gray was not included, as he had expressed a wish to take a break from frontline politics. Lamont announced a major shakeup of the Labour frontbench team on 28 June 2013. Gray returned to replace Macintosh as the party's finance spokesman. Macdonald was appointed chief whip, and his previous role as Shadow Justice Minister was given to Graeme Pearson. Baillie was moved from Health to Social Justice and Welfare. Boyack kept her role in Local Government and Planning. Speaking about the reshuffle, Lamont said, "We have made a great deal of progress in the last 18 months but we have to keep moving forward." First months in office Lamont gave her first post-election interview to The Politics Show Scotland on 18 December 2011, speaking of the "huge challenge" of rebuilding public trust in Scottish Labour after its election defeat of the previous May, and a general decline in support over the preceding decade. Attributing the party's losses to its failure to engage with the electorate, she told the programme that Labour needed to speak up for the interests of the Scottish people, and accept more devolved powers for the Scottish Parliament. Attending her first session of First Minister's Questions as Labour leader on 22 December 2011, she addressed the issue of child neglect following the conviction of a Glasgow woman for the murder of her son and asking what lessons could be learned from the case. In January 2012, as the SNP Government prepared for a referendum on Scottish independence, she spoke out in defence of Scotland's position in the United Kingdom after First Minister Salmond claimed that the country was not an equal partner in the union. Along with Ruth Davidson and Willie Rennie, the respective leaders of the Scottish Conservatives and the Scottish Liberal Democrats, and Deputy First Minister Sturgeon, Lamont added her signature to a February 2012 letter urging Glasgow City Council to decline an application by the Scottish Defence League to stage a march through the city. The group, an offshoot of the far-right English Defence League, subsequently withdrew their application, and a "static" demonstration was held instead. Lamont gave her first conference speech as party leader at Scottish Labour's conference in March 2012, setting out an agenda for rebuilding confidence in the party. Later the same month she welcomed the passing of the Scotland Bill, which devolved further powers to Scotland in accordance with the recommendations of the Calman Commission, praising it as "an important development of devolution". In May 2012 she participated in the Scottish Parliament debate paying tribute to Queen Elizabeth as the UK celebrated her Diamond Jubilee. Lamont commented, "60 years in the one job is good going – I've been in this one for just six months and some days, I have to say, it feels like 60 years – so we recognise the scale of the achievement of the particular, very strong woman." Lamont was a guest on the 7 June 2012 edition of the BBC's political debate programme Question Time. Standing in the polls A poll conducted by Ipsos MORI in December 2011 as Lamont took control of Scottish Labour indicated that the party had an approval rating of 26%, almost half that of the Scottish National Party with 51%. A survey by the same organisation in June 2012 showed an improvement for Labour, with 32% against the Nationalists' 45%. The same poll indicated a personal approval rating for Lamont of 9%, compared to 13% for Salmond. A poll conducted by Ipsos MORI on behalf of STV in September 2013 indicated that 37% of respondents were satisfied with Labour's performance compared to 41% for the SNP. That survey found that Lamont had a personal approval rating of +6%, against +8% for Salmond. Another Ipsos MORI poll for STV in December 2013 showed Labour on 34% with 36% for the SNP, while Lamont had overtaken Salmond in terms of personal approval with +9 for her compared to +7 for the First Minister. A poll on the issue of Scottish independence conducted by TNS-BMRB in December 2013 gave Lamont an approval rating of 6% among women and 8% among men, compared with 22% and 30% respectively for Salmond. 41% of respondents to that survey were unaware of her role as Scottish Labour leader, a figure rising to 62% among those aged 16–34. Local elections and by-elections Lamont launched Labour's 2012 local election campaign in Edinburgh on 17 April 2012, setting out policies for creating employment and training opportunities as well as improvements to education and childcare. Claiming that the SNP Government had passed on 89 per cent of the spending cuts imposed by the UK Government, she compared the Nationalists to the businessman criticised for his role in the financial collapse of Glasgow Rangers Football Club, saying, "Putting the SNP in charge of a council is like putting Craig Whyte in charge of your tax return." Retaining control of Glasgow City Council, where Labour was facing a strong challenge from the SNP, was another of the party's key objectives. After the polls, political academic John Curtice, writing for The Guardian, observed that Lamont "has undoubtedly done enough to dispel doubts about whether she was the right woman for the job". The 2013 Dunfermline by-election was triggered by the resignation of the SNP's Bill Walker in the wake of his conviction on several accounts of domestic abuse. On the eve of the poll, Alan Cochrane of The Daily Telegraph described it as an election Labour could not afford to lose because, "For [Lamont's] personal prestige, her candidate simply must win." Labour won the seat with a swing of 7 per cent from the SNP and a majority of 2,873. Lamont said that the result reflected "the progress we've made", but Curtice said that if the results were repeated across Scotland, the SNP would still be the majority party at the next election. Labour also increased their support at other by-elections. At the 2013 Aberdeen Donside by-election in June, held after the death of the SNP's Brian Adam, Labour reduced the SNP majority from 7,789 to 2,025. The 2014 Cowdenbeath by-election was held following the death of Labour MSP Helen Eadie. The campaign was fought on issues such as education, employment and care for the elderly, and saw Labour increase their share of the vote, with an 11.25 per cent swing from the SNP and a majority of 5,488. Scottish independence and enhanced devolution Lamont was a prominent figure in the Better Together Campaign, the cross-party political movement founded to keep Scotland as part of the United Kingdom following the SNP's announcement of a referendum on Scottish independence in 2014. She was outspoken in her opposition to Scottish independence, using a keynote speech at UK Labour's 2013 conference in Brighton to accuse the SNP of nurturing hostility between Scotland and the rest of the UK, and describing nationalism as a "virus that has affected so many nations and done so much harm". Lamont is in favour of greater devolved powers for the Scottish Parliament, and established a Commission to look at how this can be achieved. 2014 referendum and Better Together campaign After taking office as Labour leader in December 2011, Lamont urged First Minister Salmond to set a date for the referendum, arguing in her leadership acceptance speech that uncertainty over the referendum's timeline was having a negative impact on Scotland. On 10 January 2012 Salmond announced late 2014 as his preferred time for a referendum. The Scottish Government confirmed the referendum question on 25 January 2012, and announced on 21 March 2013 that the referendum would be held on 18 September 2014. Lamont told Scottish Labour's 2012 annual conference she wanted her party's campaign to be one of "collective leadership" against independence, a strategy which she envisaged would become a cross-party movement arguing the case for keeping Scotland in the UK. At the Scottish Conservative Party conference a few weeks later, party leader Ruth Davidson called for Lamont and her opponents to work together. The Better Together Campaign, fronted by former Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling, was launched at an event attended by Lamont and other senior Scottish political figures at Edinburgh's Napier University on 25 June 2012. Along with former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and other senior Scottish Labour figures, Lamont launched the party's own pro-union campaign, United with Labour in May 2013. The Scottish Government published Scotland's Future, a white paper setting out its vision for an independent Scotland, on 26 November 2013. Lamont dismissed it as "670 pages of assertion and uncertainty". Addressing the Shadow Cabinet of UK Labour leader Ed Miliband on 28 January 2014, Lamont warned that Scots could vote for independence if they believed Labour was unlikely to win the 2015 UK general election. Opinion polls showed an increase in support for the Yes campaign as the referendum approached. On 8 September 2014, Gordon Brown set out plans for greater devolved powers for Holyrood in the event of a No vote. Lamont joined Ruth Davidson and Willie Rennie in giving her backing to the proposals the following day, but Salmond dismissed them as "a retreading, a repackaging, a re-timetabling" of previous promises. Prime Minister David Cameron and Opposition leader Ed Miliband cancelled their appearance at Prime Minister's Questions to travel to Scotland to campaign for a No vote. On 18 September, Scotland voted to reject independence with a majority of 2,001,926 to 1,617,989. Salmond announced his intention to resign as First Minister and SNP leader on 19 September, shortly after the result of the referendum was confirmed. Lamont paid tribute to him, describing him as "an immense figure in Scottish political history". Sturgeon was chosen to succeed Salmond as SNP leader on 15 October. Labour's Commission on devolution At the Scottish Labour Party Conference in March 2012, Lamont announced her intention to establish a Commission to examine the prospect of a fully devolved Scottish Parliament. This would give the Scottish Government the power to make decisions on policies relating to issues such as welfare benefits, income tax and corporation tax, effectively making it a fully self-governing region of the United Kingdom. The Commission, chaired by Lamont and including politicians, academics and trade union members, met for the first time in October 2012. It published an interim report in April 2013, recommending that Scotland have autonomy over income tax, but leaving decisions on corporation tax and welfare to the UK Parliament. But party members opposed it, warning that the plans could threaten the Barnett formula, the financial mechanism under which Scotland receives an annual average of £1,600 per head more in UK Government spending than does the rest of the UK. Ian Davidson, chair of the House of Commons Scottish Affairs Select Committee said the proposals could affect spending in poorer areas. Macintosh subsequently warned that devolving responsibility for income tax would reduce the Scottish tax base and result in independence by default, a claim that Guy Lodge and Alan Trench of the Institute for Public Policy Research called "highly disingenuous" because income tax makes up only 23% of the taxes collected by the UK Government. The Commission's final report, Powers for a Purpose was published on 18 March 2014, setting out recommendations that would be implemented if Scotland voted no in the referendum, and Labour were elected in 2015. The proposals included allowing the Scottish Parliament to raise as much as 40% of its annual revenue, and giving it greater leeway to vary income tax rates from those in the rest of the UK. The plans would build on the powers devolved under the 2012 Scotland Act, which legislated for an increase in responsibility over taxation from 2016, in exchange for a 10% reduction in the grant received from Westminster. The Commission also recommended devolving responsibility in some other fiscal areas, such as the payment of Housing Benefit and the possible levy of a mansion tax in Scotland, but decided against taking charge of other financial matters, including state pensions, National Insurance and tariffs on North Sea oil. Other proposals were to retain the Barnett formula, give Scotland control over its railways, and transfer authority for dissolving parliament and holding elections from Westminster to Holyrood. Lamont described the proposals as "the right balance between fiscal accountability and insuring us against risk". Ben Thomson, chair of the cross-party Devo Plus think tank argued the plans were "just tinkering with the current system" and would allow the SNP to "say that the unionist parties aren't interested in real devolution". Deputy First Minister Sturgeon welcomed the prospect of increased devolution, but said a vote for independence was the only way to ensure greater powers for Scotland as "there [was] no guarantee that any new powers would be delivered in the event of a no vote". The proposals were subsequently endorsed by delegates at Scottish Labour's 2014 party conference. Free public services debate In September 2012, Lamont announced a policy review of Scotland's universal benefits, signalling that a future Labour administration would reverse many of the free services introduced since power was devolved to Scotland. Launching the review at an address to party delegates in Edinburgh, she questioned whether services such as prescriptions and tuition feeswhich are free in Scotlandshould continue to be available to all, regardless of income, and suggested the situation was unsustainable: "I believe our resources must go to those in greatest need ... Salmond's most cynical trick was to make people believe that more was free, when the poorest are paying for the tax breaks for the rich ... Scotland cannot be the only something-for-nothing country in the world." The speech was condemned by the SNP, which branded it as "Blairite", while deputy party leader Sturgeon called the strategy "disastrous". The approach was also questioned by Richard Seymour of The Guardian, who suggested it could damage Labour's electoral appeal: "Outside Scotland, this policy would merely be a gift to the Tories, by corroborating their arguments for welfare cuts. In Scotland, it reminds ex-Labour voters why they defected to the SNP: as a defensive shield against such policies." Owen Jones of The Independent suggested it was "a baffling political strategy to outflank the SNP from the right". Lamont returned to the issue of universal tuition fees again in a speech in Glasgow on 17 December 2012 to mark the first anniversary of her election as Labour leader. She suggested that the Graduate Endowment, a system abolished by the SNP Government, could be reinstated if Labour were re-elected at the next Scottish parliamentary election. Ian Grant, a retired college principal, welcomed her comments as "courageous", but Jamie Kinlochan, a member of the National Union of Students Scotland expressed concerns that students would be discouraged by extra financial costs on top of loans and other expenses. In January 2014, Lamont and Scottish Labour faced criticism after the party voted against an SNP motion that included the introduction of free school meals for pupils in their first three years of primary education, and a commitment to childcare for pre-school children. The motion also contained measures that would only be implemented in the event of Scottish independence, something Labour said it could not support. Recalling her experience of teaching underprivileged children, Lamont told the parliament that free school meals would not be her priority, and tabled an unsuccessful amendment calling for greater childcare provisions instead. The motion was later passed by a majority of 67–46. In The Daily Telegraph, Cochrane wrote that the strategy had allowed the SNP to claim Labour opposed the principle of free school meals because they "fell for a bit of skulduggery that Ms Lamont and her business managers should have seen coming a mile off". Falkirk candidate selection row and Grangemouth dispute In 2013, Labour and Police Scotland launched separate investigations into claims that officials of the Unite union had signed their members up to Labour to get their preferred candidate adopted to represent the party in the Falkirk constituency. The union officials were later cleared of any wrongdoing. It was later claimed that key evidence thought to have been retracted had not been withdrawn, prompting several Falkirk councillors to urge Miliband to publish details of the party's internal inquiry or to hold a fresh investigation. On the 4 November edition of Good Morning Scotland, Lamont said there was a case for a fresh inquiry, but that Labour does not publish details of its internal investigations. Later the same day, Labour said that it would not be reopening the investigation. Miliband subsequently said that a new investigation was unnecessary. On 8 December the former MSP Karen Whitefield was selected to contest the seat. The report into Labour's inquiry was leaked to the media in February 2014, and concluded there was "no doubt" that Unite had attempted to manipulate the selection process. In October 2013 Lamont faced criticism for her reaction to an industrial dispute at the Grangemouth Oil Refinery. Ineos, the company that operates the plant, had stated that the refinery was making financial losses, and had proposed a survival plan requiring employees to accept worse employment terms, notably changes in work rules and less generous pensions; this the employees rejected. The company mothballed the plant, threatening to close it if the terms were not accepted. Lamont urged Ineos to withdraw its conditions and for both sides to hold talks, while Salmond tried to negotiate an agreement. Union officials eventually agreed not to call a strike for at least three years, and the plant reopened. The Ineos chairman, Calum MacLean, described Lamont's support for the trade unions during the dispute as "deeply irresponsible", while Salmond claimed she had been silent throughout the disagreement. Writing for the Dunfermline Press, Natalie McGarry suggested that while the Labour leader's silence probably had much to do with the continuing Falkirk selection row, ultimately she was "found wanting". Resignation Scotland voted by a 10% margin against independence, but the referendum returned "Yes" votes in some traditional Labour strongholds, particularly Glasgow and North Lanarkshire, prompting media speculation about Lamont's future as the party's leader. Shortly after the referendum, Shadow International Development Secretary Jim Murphy was discussing taking over from her, while The Herald reported that party delegates concerned about the results had started to view Murphy as a possible successor. Lamont had attempted to quash rumours of a leadership challenge at the 25 September 2014 session of First Minister's Questions, the first of the post-referendum era. "When the First Minister is long gone I will still be doing my job on behalf of the people of Scotland." Her position remained uncertain. Alan Cochrane wrote that many Labour MPs in Scotland feared losing their seats at the 2015 general election without a change of leadership. In October, two former first ministers voiced their concern about the direction of the party. McConnell expressed fears that Labour would experience increased difficulty in regaining the confidence of Scottish voters following the election of Sturgeon as SNP leader, and described the party as "a political machine that is angry about what has happened in Scotland in the recent past". Shortly afterwards, his predecessor, Henry McLeish suggested Labour had ceded "enormous ground to the SNP unnecessarily" because its supporters no longer understood "what the party stands for". Margaret Curran, the Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland, said that although the party was changing, it needed to reconnect with its "socialist principles". Lamont's resignation as Labour leader was reported by media outlets on the evening of 24 October 2014, following the publication of an interview with the Daily Record in which she announced her intention to step down with immediate effect. She told the newspaper that she was resigning because Labour's Westminster leadership had undermined her attempts to reform the party in Scotland, and treated Scottish Labour "like a branch office of London." She described some London-based colleagues as "dinosaurs" unable to understand that "Scotland has changed forever" following the referendum. Lamont was also angry that she had not been consulted on some matters, such as a decision by the UK leadership to replace Ian Price as Scottish Labour's General Secretary. In her letter of resignation, submitted to Scottish Labour Party Chairman Jamie Glackin, Lamont accused "senior members of the party" of questioning her role and said that she was taking herself "out of the equation" to allow Scottish Labour to have a discussion about the best way forward. Anas Sarwar became Labour's acting leader. On 26 October, following a meeting of the party's executive committee, he outlined the details of a leadership election, which would be held using the three-tier electoral college, and conclude with the announcement of a new leader on 13 December. Murphy, Boyack and Neil Findlay stood in the subsequent contest, with Murphy elected as Lamont's successor. Lamont did not vote for Murphy in the election, but instead chose to back his rivals. Miliband paid tribute to Lamont shortly after she announced that she intended to relinquish the leadership role, saying she had "led the Scottish Labour Party with determination". McLeish and McConnell both indicated that Lamont's sudden departure following weeks of speculation could have implications for Miliband's leadership. McLeish said that Miliband's chance of becoming Prime Minister could be affected if Labour returned fewer Scottish MPs in 2015, something he called a problem of "historic, epic proportions", while McConnell said that he was "very, very angry" and suggested Miliband had questions to answer about the circumstances surrounding the resignation. Salmond echoed the views of his predecessor, arguing that Miliband "should be answering questions about why Labour in Scotland is run as an extension of his Westminster office, and why he has effectively forced the resignation of a Labour leader in Scotland." Ed Balls, the Shadow Chancellor, rejected Lamont's claims about UK Labour's treatment of its Scottish counterpart. Ian Davidson claimed that supporters of Murphy, who subsequently announced his intention to stand in the leadership contest to succeed Lamont, had conducted a whispering campaign against her. He further suggested that those on the right of the party had resented her election as leader and ignored her, treating her as a "wee lassie". Post leadership Labour went on to suffer significant losses, both in the 2015 UK general election, and the 2016 Scottish Parliament election. In Glasgow, where the party had traditionally enjoyed strong support, both elections produced a result in which every Labour held constituency was lost to the SNP, while in 2016 the Conservatives overtook Labour as the second largest party at Holyrood. Lamont lost her Glasgow Pollok seat to the SNP's Humza Yousaf, who secured it with a majority of 6,484, but she was one of four Labour candidates elected to the Glasgow regional list, where she was joined by Sarwar, James Kelly and Pauline McNeill. In response to the results, Lamont suggested Labour needed to understand the reasons behind it, and suggested that the 2014 referendum could be partially responsible. "A bit of it, I think, is still the referendum, the Yes/No is the divide in people’s minds rather than the politics of taxation, investing in public services against a low tax economy and so on." In November 2016, Lamont was announced as a member of the Commission on Parliamentary Reform, having been nominated to represent Scottish Labour. In May 2018, Lamont was selected as Scottish Labour's prospective parliamentary candidate (PPC) for the Glasgow South UK Parliament constituency. In the 2017 general election, the constituency had been held by the SNP's Stewart McDonald with a majority of just 2,027. She contested the seat at the snap general election in December 2019 but was defeated by McDonald, whose majority increased to 9,005 over Labour. Lamont nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election. In 2022, Lamont was named as a founding member of the Board of Directors of Beira's Place, a Scotland-based private support service for female victims of sexual violence. Politics and views Although she has been criticised by SNP politicians for taking a "Blairite" stance on public services, The Guardians Peter Hetherington has described Lamont as "rooted to older [Labour] party values, with a deep commitment to fairness". Her politics were heavily influenced by her inner city upbringing and her career in teaching. Her childhood experience was something she addressed in an emotional speech to delegates at the 2013 Scottish Labour Party Conference: "I saw in my upbringing the beauty of our land and felt both the warmth of community and the harshness and brutality at times of trying to make a living here. I had the privilege to grow up in a family of love, but one where my mother always reminded me that what we ate, what we wore, where we lived, was all the product of the sweat of my father's brow earned at sea. And I respected that." Lamont played a prominent role in the Better Together campaign that successfully persuaded Scots to vote to keep the Union in 2014. Speaking to the Labour party conference in 2013, she said: "The politics of identity is not the politics of justice. It wasn’t Scots, or the English or the Welsh or the Irish who fought for women’s votes, it was women and men who believed in justice... And I believe that Scotland is too big a country to hide behind Hadrian’s Wall and not play our part in fighting injustice in all its forms throughout these islands, and through partnership with our friends and neighbours across the world." Throughout her career, Lamont has campaigned on issues such as equality and violence against women. Her profile on the Scottish Parliament website lists her political interests as being focussed on tackling poverty, women's rights and disability issues. She credits Curran, and the work of author Erin Pizzey for helping to broaden her understanding of women's issues. On 12 March 2014, she led a Scottish Parliament debate in which she discussed the increased opportunities available for women in Scotland, whilst highlighting issues she felt still needed to be addressed. At First Minister's Questions, she often highlighted personal stories of members of the public, believing them to bring an element of real life into the Parliament. Along with Holyrood's other opposition leaders, Lamont signed the Equality Network's Equal Marriage Pledge in favour of legalising same-sex marriage in January 2012, and voted in favour of the Marriage and Civil Partnership Bill on 4 February 2014. As someone with a Gaelic background, she has spoken of her belief in the importance of providing support for the language, feeling it has an economic benefit for Scotland. On the death of 95-year-old Nelson Mandela in December 2013, Lamont joined other public figures in paying tribute to him, describing the former South African President as "the towering figure of my life since I became politically aware". Lamont has said that Labour lost the 2011 Scottish Parliament election because the party lost its direction, and that having failed to recognise the 2007 result as a defeat, it picked up the wrong signals from the 2010 general election that saw a strong Scottish Labour vote at Westminster. In February 2012, she told the Times Educational Supplement, "We misread the 2010 (general) election, thinking it was confirmation that Scotland was a Labour country – it was probably confirmation that Scotland was still anti-Tory. There's an issue about rebuilding trust, and our confidence in the values that brought us into politics." She told delegates at the 2012 Scottish Labour Party conference that it was time for them to stop apologising for past mistakes. "We know what happened last May – we looked tired and complacent and we got the kind of beating we deserved. But now, we need to start building the kind of Scottish Labour Party which Scotland deserves and which Scotland needs." In an interview with Scotland on Sunday in September 2013, Lamont signalled her support for the creation of a land tax as part of reforms to local taxation, suggesting that the council tax freeze introduced by the SNP had resulted in a funding shortfall. At the 2014 Scottish Trades Union Congress annual conference, Lamont outlined plans to establish a Workers' Charter, saying she would work with the SNP government to achieve this. Lamont is a signatory of the Labour Women’s Declaration, which originated amongst Labour members but is not affiliated with it. The declaration, which has been criticised as transphobic by some Labour members, opposes reform of the Gender Recognition Act which would allow transgender people to obtain a Gender Recognition Certificate on the basis of a statutory declaration, rather than the existing Gender Recognition Panel system. In the Scottish Parliament, the Labour Women’s Group, of which Lamont is a member, opposes protections for trans people being included in the Scottish Government’s Hate Crime bill, saying: "Cross-dressing is at best a fashion statement, and at worst the public enactment of a male fetish to wear women’s clothing, particularly lingerie. We do not think it should be protected in law." Media image After her inaugural session of First Minister's Questions on 22 December 2011, the BBC's Brian Taylor called Lamont's performance "confident, direct and salient". Cochrane has suggested that she emerged as the prevailing force at the weekly debates with Salmond, writing in May 2013, "it's been obvious for some time to those of us in the cheap seats that Johann Lamont has more than got his measure." Peter Hetherington of The Guardian quotes an unnamed political observer at Holyrood who said, "She's getting under [Salmond's] skin like no predecessor." Writing for The Scotsman as Scottish Labour gathered for its conference in April 2013, Andrew Whitaker felt that Lamont's tenure as party leader had been successful, citing Labour's local election achievements and her weekly exchanges with Salmond at First Minister's Questions as examples: "Ms Lamont has made Labour at Holyrood respectable again and less of the laughing stock than the ravaged party that emerged from heavy defeat in 2011." Her media appearances were criticised for their awkwardness. In September 2012, Richard Seymour of The Guardian described how she "fluffed her lines" during an interview with STV reporter Bernard Ponsonby following her announcement of Labour's public service policy review. Peter Ross of The Scotsman cites another interview, in which she was repeatedly questioned about her views on the UK Trident programme. But he describes her in person as "articulate, reflective, self-deprecating and at times very funny. It would be unfair to condemn her for not being a sound-bite politician; she ought to be applauded for it, but the trouble is we live in a sound-bite age." Mandy Rhodes of Holyrood magazine writes, "despite a reputation as being a bit of a fierce one, [Lamont] is actually, really rather entertaining, engaging and wonderfully self-deprecating." The BBC's Marianne Taylor describes Lamont as "Quietly spoken and more humorous in person than she comes across on television". Ian Swanson of The Scotsman has described her as "dour but passionate". Lamont's low public recognition indicated by the December 2013 TNS BMRB poll led Herald columnist Alison Rowat to label her "the invisible woman of the independence debate", and to suggest she needed to raise her profile. Impressionist Jonathan Watson satirised Lamont in the 2013 edition of BBC Scotland's annual Hogmanay comedy show Only an Excuse?, featuring a sketch in which she debates Scottish independence with Salmond. Awards Lamont's decision to question the status quo over the availability of free public services for all earned her the Political Impact of the Year award at the 2012 Herald Scottish Politician of the Year Awards. She was also nominated for Politician of the Year at the same ceremony, but beaten by Deputy First Minister Sturgeon. At the 2013 awards, she was the winner of the Donald Dewar Debater of the Year award for her weekly exchanges with Salmond at First Minister's Questions. Personal life Lamont is married to Archie Graham, a member of Glasgow City Council as a Labour councillor for Langside ward. They have two children. Her nephew, Dòmhnall MacLaomainn, is a journalist with BBC Gàidhlig. She is a fan of the television soap Coronation Street and likes to keep fit by walking, jogging and dancing. As a keen runner, she has completed several long distance races. References External links johannlamont.blogspot.com Blog 1957 births Living people Members of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow constituencies Alumni of the University of Glasgow Alumni of the University of Strathclyde Labour Co-operative MSPs Leaders of Scottish Labour Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003 Members of the Scottish Parliament 2003–2007 Members of the Scottish Parliament 2007–2011 Members of the Scottish Parliament 2011–2016 Members of the Scottish Parliament 2016–2021 Scottish schoolteachers Female members of the Scottish Parliament People from Anderston 20th-century Scottish women politicians
Lovers Leap State Park is a public recreation area on the Housatonic River in the town of New Milford, Litchfield County, Connecticut. The state park's straddle the Housatonic Gorge near the intersection of Connecticut Route 67 and Connecticut Route 202. The park offers hiking to scenic and historic locations and is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. History The park's eastern 52 acres were once the estate of Catherine Judson Hurd, who bequeathed the land to the state for use a public park in 1971. After Connecticut Light and Power sold land on the west side of the gorge to the state, Lovers Leap State Park was dedicated in 2007. Features The park's historic features include the 1895 Berlin Iron Bridge, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the ruins of the Bridgeport Wood Finishing Company factory, and the remains of the Hurd estate which include the vine-encrusted "yellow cat tea house." References External links Lovers Leap State Park Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Lovers Leap State Park Map Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection State parks of Connecticut Protected areas of Litchfield County, Connecticut Protected areas established in 1971 New Milford, Connecticut 1971 establishments in Connecticut
Pantera Guillermo Mosquera (26 October 1964 – 4 December 2017), known professionally as La Pantera, was a professional boxer and a boxing trainer. During his professional boxing career, Mosquera fought in 9 different countries including Colombia, Italy, New Zealand, Australia and more. Mosquera won multiple credible titles including WBC International Super Lightweight Title, WBA – PABA Super Lightweight Title and the World Boxing Foundation World Super Lightweight Title. He started his professional career in Colombia but eventually Mosquera moved to Italy in the mid to late 1980s. In the 1990s, Mosquera moved to New Zealand where he eventually won the New Zealand national title in 2004. While in New Zealand, Mosquera started training boxers. His most notable boxer was Adrian Taihia while he was in The Contender Australia. Mosquera ended his career in Spain in 2012 where he lived in Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana. Mosquera lived the remainder of his life in Italy where he owned a boxing gym. In 2017, after a long battle, Mosquera died of cancer. He had his funeral at the church of the SS Annunziata in Via del Sole. Boxing Titles World Boxing Council International Super Lightweight Title (138¾ Ibs) World Boxing Association Pan Asian Boxing Association Super Lightweight Title (139¾ Ibs) New Zealand Boxing Association New Zealand National Super Lightweight Title (139 Ibs) World Boxing Association World Boxing Foundation World Super Lightweight Title (140 Ibs) Professional boxing record References 1964 births 2017 deaths Colombian male boxers People from Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca Light-welterweight boxers Deaths from cancer in Lazio Sportspeople from Valle del Cauca Department
The Federal Way Link Extension is a planned Link light rail extension of the 1 Line that will travel south from Sea-Tac Airport to Federal Way, along the west side of Interstate 5. It was approved in 2008, but scaled back in 2010 to terminate at Kent Des Moines station. The Star Lake and Federal Way Downtown stations were re-instated in 2016, with the passing of Sound Transit 3. The project began construction in 2020 and is expected to open in 2025 or 2026. History In November 2008, voters approved funding for the segment between Sea-Tac Airport and Redondo/Star Lake at South 272nd Street. However, reduced tax revenue as a result of the economic recession led Sound Transit to suspend all work south of Angle Lake Station (South 200th Street) in December 2010. Construction on the South 200th Link Extension to Angle Lake station began in April 2013. Angle Lake station opened to the public on September 24, 2016. On July 23, 2015, the Sound Transit Board selected their preferred alternative for the Federal Way Link Extension, routed along the west side of Interstate 5 with three stations serving Highline College, the Star Lake park and ride and Federal Way Transit Center. Funding for preliminary engineering on the southern segment was restored in February 2016, allowing for planning to resume. The Sound Transit 3 ballot measure was passed by voters in 2016, including funding and approval to open Federal Way Link in 2024, from Angle Lake to Federal Way Transit Center via Star Lake and Kent Des Moines. The final alignment for the line was chosen in January 2017, with an agreement signed with Federal Way Public Schools to move an elementary school near South 272nd Street station (now Star Lake station). In July 2018, the project's estimated cost was revised to $2.55 billion, due to land acquisition costs and limited availability of suitable contractors. The Federal Transit Administration awarded a $790 million grant and $629 million loan to Sound Transit for the project in December 2019. Construction began in early 2020, which was commemorated with a virtual groundbreaking ceremony due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The final girders connecting to the existing guideway at Angle Lake station were placed in April 2022. Sound Transit adopted the official names for the project's three stations in June 2022. The start of light rail service to Federal Way was pushed back to 2025 or 2026 due to several issues, including a four-month strike by concrete truck drivers and issues discovered during construction. A section between Kent/Des Moines and Star Lake stations was also redesigned to use a elevated span due to unstable soils in a wetland along Interstate 5. Route From Angle Lake station, the terminus of the South 200th Link Extension, the line will travel southeast along the planned State Route 509 freeway extension to Interstate 5. From there, trains will run on the west side of I-5, serving Highline College at Kent Des Moines station, and a park-and-ride at Star Lake station (South 272nd Street), before ending at the Federal Way Downtown station. The tracks continue beyond the station to a parking lot south of South 320th Street, where the Tacoma Dome Link Extension would begin construction. A new operations and maintenance facility is planned to be constructed to support operations of the future Tacoma Dome Link Extension with candidate sites near Kent Des Moines station or southern Federal Way. The proposed Kent Des Moines site at the former Midway Landfill replaced an earlier proposal that was withdrawn after public concerns over the displacement of a Dick's Drive-In. A site in southern Federal Way was chosen as the preferred alternative in 2021. Stations References External links Official project page Sound Transit promotional website 1500 V DC railway electrification 2025 in rail transport Link light rail Proposed railway lines in Washington (state)
Eugoa trifasciella is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Sri Lanka. Description Head, thorax and abdomen greyish or brownish fuscous. Thorax spotted with black. Forewings greyish, irrorated with fuscous and a black spot at base. There is a slightly diffused angled antemedial band which are narrower. Two obliquely placed black spots at end of cell. Forewings with veins 4 and 5 stalked and vein 11 anastomosing with vein 12. Hindwings pale ochreous suffused with fuscous. Hindwings without vein 5. References Notes Sources trifasciella Moths described in 1922
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Troilus is a legendary Trojan whose fate is linked to that of Troy in the Trojan War. Troilus may also refer to: Troilus of Elis (4th century BC), Greek athlete Troilus (philosopher), a sophist of the 4-5th century in Constantinople USS Troilus (AKA-46), an Artemis class attack cargo ship Troilus (bug), a genus of bugs in the family Pentatomidae 1208 Troilus, an asteroid Lake Troilus, a lake in Quebec Troilus and Cressida, a play by William Shakespeare
( Job) is a 1954 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Bimal Roy for Bimal Roy Productions. The lead actors were Kishore Kumar and Sheila Ramani. This film is about the dreams and aspirations of the educated youth getting shattered as they struggle in the city for employment, in the ensuing years after India attained independence. and Baap Beti (1954) are cited as "sensitive" and "memorable" films from Roy. In , Bimal Roy tackles yet another social problem, this time involving unemployment. is one of the earliest films where Kishore Kumar first gained prominence. Since his comic persona had not yet fully developed, sees a sincere, sensitive and restrained performance from him. Plot Ratan Kumar Choudhary (Kishore Kumar) stays with his widowed mother (Achala Sachdev) and sick sister, Uma (Noor) in the village. He is waiting for his college results. He dreams about the day when he has a job, a house and can find a good groom for his sister, and look after his mother. He narrates his dreams to his beloved sister in a beautiful song. She smiles happily and joins him in the song. Ratan passes his BA and leaves for Calcutta where his father's colleague had promised him a job where his father had worked. In Calcutta, he takes up boarding in a lodge where he is neighbor to three other unemployed youths (one of whom is Iftekhar) in the "Bekar" (unemployed/without work) wing of the lodge. At his father's office, he finds out the manager has given the job to a relative. Ratan doesn't give up and perseveres applying wherever he can. His sister, suffering from TB, is put on the waiting list at the sanatorium. Meanwhile, in Calcutta, Ratan also finds love with Seema (Sheila Ramani) who stays in the house in the next compound - much to her father's chagrin, who wants a son-in-law with a good job. Ratan woos her by singing romantically outside his window, and Seema listens from her window. She is attracted. Her father keeps intruding into her room, closing the window, etc. to prevent this romance. Ratan struggles to get a job but to no avail. One day, even as he gets the news that his sister has been accepted at the sanatorium, he gets a telegram informing of her death. He is shocked and depressed, and his fellow lodgers console him. One of the other unemployed youths in the lodge, Shankar, goes through similar misfortunes. He tries to kill himself, but Ratan stops him. Shankar gets a job later and is grateful to Ratan. Ratan finally gets a job in Bombay. He writes a good newsletter to Seema and encloses his appointment letter an envelope. He puts it in her letterbox, to prove he has now got a job. The old man intercepts the letter, but his wife requests him not to open a private letter. The old man, thinking that an unemployed Ratan is wooing his daughter, burns the letter. Seema is unaware of all this. Ratan encounters her and finds out that she did not receive the letter. He confronts her father, who tells him that he burned it. A shocked Ratan tells him that he had an appointment letter in it and that he has a job in Bombay. Her father now changes his attitude and apologizes. Ratan has to leave for Bombay, but he cannot remember the name of the company. Seema's father tells him that the appointment letter that he had must have come in an envelope with the details. When Ratan returns to his apartment, he finds that his man-servant has thrown it away into the garbage can! Ratan now decides that he will just travel to Bombay and search for the company. Ratan reaches Bombay. He constantly tries to remember the name of the company. As he walks along the various streets of Bombay, there are a bewildering number of company buildings, all looking alike. He keeps asking various locals about a company whose name he cannot remember! A pickpocket (Mehmood) and his partner steal his wallet. As Ratan realizes that, he shouts for the police and a crowd gathers. However, the pickpocket has thrown the wallet to his partner who has run away. So the pickpocket claims innocence. The policeman takes both to the police station. The police inspector suspects Ratan, as he has no documents to prove that he has a job. Ratan pleads and cajoles, but to no avail. He is confined to a cell, along with the pickpocket. At night in the cell, he suddenly remembers the name of the company. He spends the whole night without sleep, and when the police inspector arrives in the morning, he eagerly tells him. Thus, he ultimately makes his way to the company. He tells the officer about the appointment letter. The officer asks him why he's a day late. Ratan narrates his travails. The officer sympathizes but then tells him that the job has been given to another person since he did not turn up the previous day. Ratan breaks down. Seeing his plight, the officer arranges a job for him. Ratan is a good worker. One day he helps an old colleague who is asked to work overtime by their supervisor. He takes the old man's work on himself. But he makes some mistake. The next day the supervisor fires the old man for the mistake. Ratan takes up the side of the old man, saying it was he who made the mistake. The manager fires him. All his colleagues are agitated, and they assure him that they will cajole the supervisor to take him back. Meanwhile, Seema runs away from Calcutta to be with Ratan in Bombay. He cannot bring himself to tell her he is jobless. He tries to commit suicide, but Seema stops him and they decide they will face life together. The story ends on a poignant yet hopeful note. Cast Kishore Kumar – Ratan Kumar Choudhary Sheila Ramani – Seema Kanhaiyalal – Hari Achala Sachdev – Ratan's Mother Noor - Uma (Ratan's Sister) Mehmood – Pickpocketer Jagdeep – Lalu Ustad (Boot Polish Man) Crew Director - Bimal Roy Producer - Bimal Roy Story - Subodh Basu Screenplay - Nabendu Ghosh Dialogue - Paul Mahendra Cinematography - Kamal Bose Music - Salil Choudhury Lyrics - Shailendra Editing - Hrishikesh Mukherjee Studio - Mohan Studios Music Salil Chowdhary, the music director and Roy were not convinced about Kishore Kumar's singing potential at the time, and according to Bharatan, Kumar was taken on reluctantly as a singer. One of the notable songs from the film was "Ek Chhoti Si Naukri Ka Talabgaar Hoon Main", sung by Kishore Kumar, Shyam Mitra and Shankar Dasgupta, which reflected the young men's search for jobs. The other songs of note were "Arzi Hamaari Yeh Marzi Hamaari" and "Chhota sa Ghar Hoga", both sung by Kumar. The lyricist was Shailendra, and the other singers were Shaila Belle, Shankar Dasgupta, Shyam Mitra, Geeta Dutt, and Lata Mangeshkar. The harmonica in "Chota sa ghar hoga" was played by the popular Bengali harmonica player "Milon Gupta". Song list Trivia In this movie, a live-in relationship has been shown, albeit in different circumstances between Rattan and Seema. This facet was unheard of in those times. Noor Mahal who plays Ratan's sister in this movie, has appeared in movie Anmol Ghadi as young Lata. References External links 1954 films 1950s Hindi-language films Films directed by Bimal Roy Films scored by Salil Chowdhury Indian drama films 1954 drama films Indian black-and-white films
A by-election was held for the Awarua electorate on 5 August 1897, for the seat vacated by Joseph Ward, which he had held since . Despite having had to resign due to bankruptcy, he exploited a legal loophole and was re-elected to the 13th New Zealand Parliament. Background and election Joseph Ward first won election to the electorate in the 1897 election. He held many portfolios in the Seddon Ministry, including that of Treasurer (i.e. Minister of Finance), when Justice Williams declared him "hopelessly insolvent" in 1896. He was forced to resign his portfolios in Cabinet on 16 June. In 1897, he had to file for bankruptcy, and was adjudicated bankrupt on 8 July 1897. He was then legally obliged to resign his seat in Parliament, which he did on 14 July. A loophole, however, meant that there was nothing to stop him simply contesting it again. He did so, and was re-elected with an increased majority. His opponent, both in the previous general election in and in the by-election was Cuthbert Cowan, who had previously represented the () and (–1890) electorates. Parliament passed a special Act on 13 October, the Awarua Seat Enquiry Act 1897, which required the Court of Appeal to urgently decide whether he could be re-elected to Parliament, and the court decided in his favour. The court judgement was published as AJHR H32 of 1897. Ward actually gained considerable popularity as a result of his financial troubles; Ward was widely seen as a great benefactor of the Southland region, and public perceptions were that he was being persecuted by his enemies over an honest mistake. Gradually, Ward rebuilt his businesses, and paid off his debtors. Richard Seddon, still Prime Minister, quickly reappointed Ward to Cabinet. 1896 general election result 1897 by-election result The following table gives the by-election results: Notes References Awarua 1897 1897 elections in New Zealand Politics of Southland, New Zealand
The Federal Theatre Project (FTP; 1935–1939) was a theatre program established during the Great Depression as part of the New Deal to fund live artistic performances and entertainment programs in the United States. It was one of five Federal Project Number One projects sponsored by the Works Progress Administration, created not as a cultural activity but as a relief measure to employ artists, writers, directors, and theater workers. National director Hallie Flanagan shaped the FTP into a federation of regional theaters that created relevant art, encouraged experimentation in new forms and techniques, and made it possible for millions of Americans to see live theatre for the first time. Although The Federal Theatre project consumed only 0.5% of the allocated budget from the WPA and was widely considered a commercial and critical success, the project became a source of heated political contention. Congress responded to the project's racial integration and accusations of Communist infiltration and cancelled its funding effective June 30, 1939. One month before the project's end, drama critic Brooks Atkinson summarized: "Although the Federal Theatre is far from perfect, it has kept an average of ten thousand people employed on work that has helped to lift the dead weight from the lives of millions of Americans. It has been the best friend the theatre as an institution has ever had in this country." Background Part of the Works Progress Administration, the Federal Theatre Project was a New Deal program established August 27, 1935, funded under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Of the $4.88 billion allocated to the WPA, $27 million was approved for the employment of artists, musicians, writers and actors under the WPA's Federal Project Number One. Government relief efforts funding theatre through the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Civil Works Administration in the two preceding years were amateur experiments regarded as charity, not a theatre program. The Federal Theatre Project was a new approach to unemployment in the theatre profession. Only those certified as employable could be offered work, and that work was to be within the individual's defined skills and trades. "For the first time in the relief experiments of this country the preservation of the skill of the worker, and hence the preservation of his self-respect, became important," wrote Hallie Flanagan, director of the Federal Theatre Project. A theater professor at Vassar College who had studied the operation of government-sponsored theatre abroad for the Guggenheim Foundation, Flanagan was chosen to lead the Federal Theatre Project by WPA head Harry Hopkins. Flanagan and Hopkins had been classmates at Grinnell College. Roosevelt and Hopkins selected her despite considerable pressure to choose someone from the commercial theatre industry; they believed the project should be led by someone with academic credentials and a national perspective. Flanagan had the daunting task of building a nationwide theater program to employ thousands of unemployed artists in as little time as possible. The Theatre industry had struggled financially prior to the financial collapse of 1929. By that time it was already threatened with extinction due to the growing popularity of films and radio, but the commercial theatre was reluctant to adapt its practices. Many actors, technicians and stagehands had suffered since 1914, when movies began to replace stock, vaudeville and other live stage performances nationwide. Sound motion pictures displaced 30,000 musicians. In the Great Depression, people with little money for entertainment found an entire evening of entertainment at the movies for 25 cents, while commercial theatre charged $1.10 to $2.20 admission to cover the cost of theater rental, advertising and fees to performers and union technicians. Unemployed directors, actors, designers, musicians and stage crew took any kind of work they were able to find, whatever it paid, and charity was often their only recourse. "This is a tough job we're asking you to do," Hopkins told Flanagan at their first meeting in May 1935. "I don't know why I still hang on to the idea that unemployed actors get just as hungry as anybody else." Hopkins promised "a free, adult, uncensored theatre" — something Flanagan spent the next four years trying to build. She emphasized the development of local and regional theatre, "to lay the foundation for the development of a truly creative theatre in the United States with outstanding producing centers in each of those regions which have common interests as a result of geography, language origins, history, tradition, custom, occupations of the people." Operation On October 24, 1935, Flanagan prefaced her instructions on the Federal Theatre's operation with a statement of purpose: The primary aim of the Federal Theatre Project is the reemployment of theatre workers now on public relief rolls: actors, directors, playwrights, designers, vaudeville artists, stage technicians, and other workers in the theatre field. The far reaching purpose is the establishment of theatres so vital to community life that they will continue to function after the program of this Federal Project is completed. Within a year the Federal Theatre Project employed 15,000 men and women, paying them $23.86 a week while the Actors Equity Association's minimum was $40.00. These men and women would only do six performances a week and have only four hours per day to rehearse. During its nearly four years of existence 30 million people attended FTP productions in more than 200 theaters nationwide — renting many that had been shuttered — as well as parks, schools, churches, clubs, factories, hospitals and closed-off streets. Its productions totaled approximately 1,200, not including its radio programs. Because the Federal Theatre was created to employ and train people, not to generate revenue, no provision was made for the receipt of money when the project began. At its conclusion, 65 percent of its productions were still presented free of charge. The total cost of the Federal Theatre Project was $46 million. "In any consideration of the cost of the Federal Theatre," Flanagan wrote, "it should be borne in mind that the funds were allotted, according to the terms of the Relief Act of 1935, to pay wages to unemployed people. Therefore, when Federal Theatre was criticized for spending money, it was criticized for doing what it was set up to do." The FTP established five regional centers in New York, New York, Boston (Northeast), Chicago (Midwest), Los Angeles (West), and New Orleans (South). The FTP did not operate in every state, since many lacked a sufficient number of unemployed people in the theatre profession. The project in Alabama was closed in January 1937 when its personnel were transferred to a new unit in Georgia. Only one event was presented in Arkansas. Units created in Minnesota, Missouri and Wisconsin were closed in 1936; projects in Indiana, Nebraska, Rhode Island and Texas were discontinued in 1937; and the Iowa project was closed in 1938. Many of the notable artists of the time participated in the Federal Theatre Project, including Susan Glaspell who served as Midwest bureau director. The legacy of the Federal Theatre Project can also be found in beginning the careers of a new generation of theater artists. Arthur Miller, Orson Welles, John Houseman, Martin Ritt, Elia Kazan, Joseph Losey, Marc Blitzstein and Abe Feder are among those who became established, in part, through their work in the Federal Theatre. Blitzstein, Houseman, Welles and Feder collaborated on the controversial production, The Cradle Will Rock. Living Newspaper Living Newspapers were plays written by teams of researchers-turned-playwrights. These men and women clipped articles from newspapers about current events, often hot button issues like farm policy, syphilis testing, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and housing inequity. These newspaper clippings were adapted into plays intended to inform audiences, often with progressive or left-wing themes. Triple-A Plowed Under, for instance, attacked the U.S. Supreme Court for killing an aid agency for farmers. These politically themed plays quickly drew criticism from members of Congress. Although the undisguised political invective in the Living Newspaper productions sparked controversy, they also proved popular with audiences. As an art form, the Living Newspaper is perhaps the Federal Theatre's most well-known work. Problems with the Federal Theatre Project and Congress intensified when the State Department objected to the first Living Newspaper, Ethiopia, about Haile Selassie and his nation's struggles against Benito Mussolini's invading Italian forces. The U.S. government soon mandated that the FTP, a government agency, could not depict foreign heads of state on the stage for fear of diplomatic backlash. Playwright and director Elmer Rice, head of the New York office of the FTP, resigned in protest and was succeeded by his assistant, Philip W. Barber. New productions Numbers following the city of origin indicate the number of additional cities where the play was presented. African-American theatre Capitalizing on the FTP's national network and inherent diversity of artists, the Federal Theatre established specific chapters dedicated to showcasing and celebrating the work of previously under represented artists. Including the French Theatre in Los Angeles, the German Theater in New York City, and the Negro Theatre Unit which had several chapters across the country, with its largest office in New York City. The FTP set up 17 so-called Negro Theatre Units (NTU) in cities throughout the United States. The NTU had additional offices in Hartford, Boston, Salem, Newark, and Philadelphia in the East; Seattle, Portland, and Los Angeles in the West; Cleveland, Detroit, Peoria, and Chicago in the Midwest; and Raleigh, Atlanta, Birmingham, and New Orleans in the South. There were additional units in San Francisco, Oklahoma, Durham, Camden, and Buffalo. By the project's conclusion, 22 American cities had served as headquarters for black theater units. The New York Negro Theatre Unit was the most well known. Two of the four federal theaters in New York City—Lafayette Theatre and the Negro Youth Theater— were dedicated to the Harlem community with the intention of developing unknown theatre artists. Both theatre projects were headquartered at the Lafayette Theatre in Harlem, where some 30 plays were presented. The first was Frank H. Wilson's folk drama, Walk Together Chillun (1936), about the deportation of 100 African-Americans from the South to the North to work for low wages. The second was Conjur' Man Dies (1936), a comedy-mystery adapted by Arna Bontemps and Countee Cullen from Rudolph Fisher's novel. The most popular production was the third, which came to be called the Voodoo Macbeth (1936), director Orson Welles's adaptation of Shakespeare's play set on a mythical island suggesting the Haitian court of King Henri Christophe. The New York Negro Theatre Unit also oversaw projects from the African American Dance Unit featuring Nigerian artists displaced by the Ethiopian Crisis. These projects employed over 1,000 black actors and directors. The Negro Actors' Guild of America incorporated on October 1, 1936 in the state of New York. The ten Articles for the Certificate of Incorporation addressed the welfare, appreciation and development of black artists. The Federal Theatre Project was distinguished for its focus on racial injustice. Flanagan expressly ordered her subordinates to follow the WPA policy against racial prejudice. In fact when it came to making decisions on a national level for the project, the Federal Theatre Regulation mandated that "there may be racial representation in all national planning." A specific example of the FTP's adherence to an anti-prejudicial environment came when a white project manager in Dallas was fired for attempting to segregate black and white theater technicians on a railroad car. Additionally, the white assistant director of the project was pulled because "he was unable to work amicably" with the black artists. The FTP overtly sought out relationships with the African American community including Carter Woodson of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, as well as Walter White of the NAACP. One of the existing stipulations from the Works Progress Administration for employment in the FTP was prior professional theater experience. However when encountered with 40 young jobless black playwrights national director Hallie Flanagan waived the WPA requirement in the interest of providing a platform and training ground for new young playwrights. During a national conference Flanagan proposed that the leadership of the Harlem chapter of the FTP be led by an African American artist. Rose McClendon, an established actor at the time, publicly argued against this proposal and instead suggested that initially an established white theater artist take the mantle with the understanding and intention of satisfying the WPA's prior professional theater experience clause and giving way to black artists to lead the chapter. This argument from McClendon received support from Edna Thomas, Harry Edwards, Carlton Moss, Abraham Hale Jr., Augusta Smith and Dick Campbell. This crusade for equality eventually became a sticking point for the Dies Committee, which pulled funding for the Federal Theater Project, arguing that "racial equality forms a vital part of the Communist dictatorship and practices". New drama productions Numbers following the city of origin indicate the number of additional cities where the play was presented. Standard drama productions Numbers following the city of origin indicate the number of additional cities where the play was presented. Dance drama New productions Numbers following the city of origin indicate the number of additional cities where the play was presented. Foreign-language drama These plays were given their first professional production in the United States by the Federal Theatre Project. Titles are shown as they appeared on event programs. Numbers following the city of origin indicate the number of additional cities where the play was presented. New productions German Spanish Yiddish Radio The Federal Theatre of the Air began weekly broadcasts March 15, 1936. For three years the radio division of the Federal Theatre Project presented an average of 3,000 programs annually on commercial stations and the NBC, Mutual and CBS networks. The major programs originated in New York; radio divisions were also created in 11 states. Series included Professional Parade, hosted by Fred Niblo; Experiments in Symphonic Drama, original stories written for classical music; Gilbert and Sullivan Light Opera, the complete works performed by Federal Theatre actors and recordings by D'Oyly Carte; Ibsen's Plays, performances of 12 major plays; Repertory Theatre of the Air, presenting literary classics; Contemporary Theatre, presenting plays by modern authors; and the interview program, Exploring the Arts and Sciences. The radio division presented a wide range of programs on health and safety, art, music and history. The American Legion sponsored James Truslow Adams's Epic of America. The children's program, Once Upon a Time, and Paul de Kruif's Men Against Death were both honored by the National Committee for Education by Radio. In March 1939, at the invitation of the BBC, Flanagan broadcast the story of the Federal Theatre Project to Britain. Asked to expand the program to encompass the entire WPA, the radio division produced No Help Wanted, a dramatization by William N. Robson with music by Leith Stevens. The Times called it "the best broadcast ever sent us from the Americas". Federal Dance Project The Federal Dance Project (FDP) was a short-lived entity that was ultimately absorbed into the Federal Theater Project. Dancer Helen Tamiris was the central figure of the FDP, which existed as an independent entity from January 1936 until October 1937. Funding pulled by Congress In May 1938, Martin Dies Jr., director of The House Committee on Un-American Activities specifically targeted the WPA's Federal Theatre Project. Assailing Flanagan's professional character and political affiliations, the committee heard testimony from former Federal Theatre Project members who were unhappy with their tenure with the project. Flanagan testified that the FTP was pro-American insofar as the work celebrated the constitutional freedoms of speech and expression to address the relevant and pressing concerns of its citizens. Citing the Federal Theatre's call for racial equality, impending war, and further perpetuating the rumor that the FTP was a front for radical and communist activities, Congress ended federal funding as of June 30, 1939, immediately putting 8,000 people out of work across the country. Although the overall financial cost of the FTP was minuscule in the grand scheme of the WPA's budget, Congress determined that the average American did not consider theater a viable recipient of their tax dollars. Following the decision, Flanagan's stepdaughter, Joanne Bentley quoted an unnamed Congressmen saying "Culture! What the Hell—Let 'em have a pick and shovel!" Members of Congress criticized a total of 81 of the Federal Theatre Project's 830 major titles for their content in public statements, committee hearings, on the floor of the Senate or House, or in testimony before Congressional committees. Only 29 were original productions of the Federal Theatre Project. The others included 32 revivals or stock productions; seven plays that were initiated by community groups; five that were never produced by the project; two works of Americana; two classics; one children's play; one Italian translation; and one Yiddish play. The Living Newspapers productions that drew criticism were Injunction Granted, a history of American labor relations; One-Third of a Nation, about housing conditions in New York; Power, about energy from the consumer's point of view; and Triple A Plowed Under, on farming problems in America. Another that was criticized, on the history of medicine, was not completed. Dramas criticized by Congress were American Holiday, about a small-town murder trial; Around the Corner, a Depression-era comedy; Chalk Dust, about an urban high school; Class of '29, the Depression years as seen through young college graduates; Created Equal, a review of American life since colonial times; It Can't Happen Here, Sinclair Lewis's parable of democracy and dictatorship; No More Peace, Ernst Toller's satire on dictatorships; Professor Mamlock, about Nazi persecution of Jews; Prologue to Glory, about the early life of Abraham Lincoln; The Sun and I, about Joseph in Egypt; and Woman of Destiny, about a female President who works for peace. Negro Theatre Unit productions that drew criticism were The Case of Philip Lawrence, a portrait of life in Harlem; Did Adam Sin?, a review of black folklore with music; and Haiti, a play about Toussaint Louverture. Also criticized for their content were the dance dramas Candide, from Voltaire; How Long Brethren, featuring songs by future Guggenheim Fellowship recipient Lawrence Gellert; and Trojan Incident, a translation of Euripides with a prologue from Homer. Help Yourself, a satire on high-pressure business tactics, was among the comedies criticized by Congress. Others were Machine Age, about mass production; On the Rocks by George Bernard Shaw; and The Tailor Becomes a Storekeeper. Children's plays singled out were Mother Goose Goes to Town, and Revolt of the Beavers, which the New York American called a "pleasing fantasy for children". The musical Sing for Your Supper also met with Congressional criticism, although its patriotic finale, "Ballad for Americans", was chosen as the theme song of the 1940 Republican National Convention. Cultural references A fictionalized view of the Federal Theatre Project is presented in the 1999 film Cradle Will Rock, in which Cherry Jones portrays Hallie Flanagan. References Citations Cited works Goldstein, Malcolm. The Political Stage: American Drama and Theater of the Great Depression. Oxford University Press, 1974. Jefferson, Miles M. "The Negro on Broadway, 1947-1948". Phylon (1940–1956), vol. 9, no. 2, 1948, p. 99., doi:10.2307/272176. Norflett, Linda Kerr. “Rosetta LeNoire: The Lady and Her Theatre". Black American Literature Forum, vol. 17, no. 2, 1983, p. 69., doi:10.2307/2904582. Pool, Rosey E. "The Negro Actor in Europe". Phylon (1940–1956), vol. 14, no. 3, 1 Sept. 1953, pp. 258–267. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/271466?refreqid=search-gateway:0a4e4b9a53d893b23f2ee26ce846367f. Roses, Lorraine Elena. Black Bostonians and the Politics of Culture, 1920-1940. University of Massachusetts Press, 2017. Shandell, Jonathan. The American Negro Theatre and the Long Civil Rights Era. University of Iowa Press, 2018. Further reading Batiste, Stephanie Leigh. Darkening Mirrors: Imperial Representation in Depression-Era African American Performance (Duke University Press; 2012) 352 pages; Explores African-Americans' participation on stage and screen; especially FTP's "voodoo" Macbeth. Bentley, Joanne. Hallie Flanagan: A Life in the American Theatre (1988). Flanagan, Hallie. Arena: The Story of the Federal Theatre (1940) online 1985 edition : Free Borrowing : Internet Archive Frost, Leslie. "'Don’t Be Mean' and Other Lessons from Children’s Plays of the Federal Theatre Project." Ludics: Play as Humanistic Inquiry ed. by Vassiliki Rapti and Eric Gordon; (Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, 2021) pp. 403-426. Frost, Leslie Elaine, Dreaming America: Popular Front Ideals and Aesthetics in Children’s Plays of the Federal Theatre Project (Ohio State University Press, 2013). PDF Hurt, Melissa, “Oppressed, Stereotyped, and Silenced: Atlanta’s Black History with the Federal Theatre Project.” in Constructions of Race in Southern Theatre: From Federalism to the Federal Theatre Project edited by Noreen Barnes McLain. (University of Alabama Press, 2003). Mathews, Jane DeHart. Federal Theatre, 1935-1939: Plays, Relief, and Politics (Princeton UP 1967) Moore, Cecelia. The Federal Theatre Project in the American South: The Carolina Playmakers and the Quest for American Drama (Lexington Books, 2017). Newton, Christopher. "In Order to Obtain the Desired Effect": Italian Language Theater Sponsored by the Federal Theatre Project in Boston, 1935–39," Italian Americana, (Sep 1994) 12#2 pp 187–200. O'Connor, John, and Lorraine Brown, eds. Free, Adult, Uncensored: The Living History of the Federal Theatre Project (1978). O'Connor, John. "The Drama of Farming: The Federal Theatre Living Newspapers on Agriculture." Prospects 15 (1990): 325-358. excerpt @ amazon Schwartz, Bonnie Nelson. Voices from the Federal Theatre. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003); includes interviews with such Federal Theatre actors, playwrights, directors, designers, producers, and dancers as Arthur Miller, Jules Dassin, Katherine Dunham, Rosetta LeNoire, John Houseman etc; primary sources. White, Leslie. "Eugene O'Neill and the Federal Theatre Project." Resources for American Literary Study 17.1 (1990): 63-85 online. Witham, Barry B. The Federal Theatre Project: A Case Study (2004). excerpt @ amazon External links Library of Congress Coast to Coast: The Federal Theatre Project, 1935–1939 American Memory—The New Deal Stage: Selections from the Federal Theatre Project, 1935–1939 Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Hallie Flanagan papers, 1923–1963 Federal Theatre Project designs, 1935–1939 Federal Theatre Project lists of plays, 1938 WPA Radio Scripts, 1936–1940 Federal Theatre Project Collection at George Mason University Federal Theatre Project Collection, 1936–1939, CTC.1979.02, Curtis Theatre Collection, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh BlackPast.org: Federal Theatre Project (Negro Units) "An Hour Upon the Stage: The Brief Life of Federal Theatre". Humanities: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities, July/August 2003 American Studies at the University of Virginia: Triple A Plowed Under — full text plus recreation-for-radio production of the Federal Theater Project drama. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture — Federal Theater Project "Federal Theater Project in Washington State", by Sarah Guthu — from the Great Depression in Washington State Project National theatres New Deal projects of the arts Theatre in the United States Works Progress Administration New Deal agencies 1935 establishments in Washington, D.C. Government agencies established in 1935 Arts organizations established in 1935 Cultural history of the United States 1939 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.
Aimlessness is an album by Dntel, released on June 1, 2012. It is Dntel's first LP under the Pampa Records label. Reception Aimlessness received mixed reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the album holds a score of 68/100 based on 10 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Track listing "Waitingfortherest II" "Jitters" "Still" "My Orphaned Son" "Bright Night" "Retracer" "Puma" "Santa Ana Winds" "Trudge" "Jitters (Geotic Mix)" "Doc (Dntel Mix)" "Paper Landscape" References 2012 albums Dntel albums
Offen may refer to: Offen, Bergen Anna Katharina von Offen (1624-1702) German courtier and royal governess Bernard Offen (1929-) Helga Offen (1951-2020) German volleyball player Ron Offen (1930-2010) American poet
Thubten Jigme Norbu () (August 16, 1922 – September 5, 2008), recognised as the Taktser Rinpoche, was a Tibetan lama, writer, civil rights activist and professor of Tibetan studies and was the eldest brother of the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. He was one of the first high-profile Tibetans to go into exile and was the first to settle in the United States. Early life Thubten Jigme Norbu was born in 1922 in the small, mountain village of Taktser in the Amdo County of Eastern Tibet. Independence walks In 1995, Norbu cofounded the International Tibet Independence Movement (ITIM). He led three walks for Tibet's independence, starting in 1995 with a week-long walk 80 miles from Bloomington, Indiana to Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1996 he led a 300-mile, 45-day walk from the PRC embassy in Washington, DC to the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City. The following year, joined by Dadon with her 3-year-old son, he led a 600-mile walk from Toronto to New York City, beginning on March 10 (Tibetan Uprising Day) and ending June 14 (Flag Day). Life in the US Norbu lived at the Tibetan-Mongolian Buddhist Cultural Center with his wife Kunyang. They have three sons, Lhundrup, Kunga and Jigme Norbu, all born in New York. In late 2002, Norbu suffered a series of strokes and became an invalid. Norbu died at the age of 86 on September 5, 2008, at his home in Indiana in the United States having been ill for several years. His body was cremated in a traditional Buddhist ceremony. His youngest son, Jigme, died at the age of 45 on February 14, 2011, while carrying on his father's work. He was hit by a car in Florida during a walk to promote Tibetan independence and raise awareness of Tibet. Writings Tibet Is My Country is his autobiography dictated to Heinrich Harrer in 1959, and updated with a new essay in 1987 () and 2006 () Tibet: Its History, Religion and People, co-written with Colin Turnbull in 1968 () Tibet: The Issue Is Independence – Tibetans-in-Exile Address the Key Tibetan Issue the World Avoids is an essay collection from 1994 by Tibetans in the diaspora (mainly Tibetan Americans) and features an introduction by Norbu () Norbu and Robert B. Ekvall provided the first English translation of the Tibetan play originally authored by the fifth Panchen Lama Lobsang Yeshe Younger Brother Don Yod in 1969. References External links Biography Tibetan Mongolian Buddhist Cultural Center Taktser Rinpoche, eldest brother of the Dalai Lama, passes away Reminiscences of Thubten Jigme Norbu by Jamyang Norbu The Independent: Thubten Jigme Norbu: Activist and Dalai Lama's brother 1922 births 2008 deaths American civil rights activists Lamas American people of Tibetan descent Indiana University faculty Tibetan dissidents Tibetan Buddhism writers Tibetan Buddhist spiritual teachers Tibetan Buddhists from Tibet Tibet freedom activists Tibetan writers Rinpoches Taktser Rinpoches
Diflucortolone (INN), or difluocortolone, is a corticosteroid. See also Diflucortolone valerate References Organofluorides
Schuby () is a municipality in the district Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. It is only a few kilometres west from Schleswig. The name comes from the Danish "Skovby", meaning the "Village in the Woods". Schuby is located on the Bundesautobahn 7, from which it has its "own" exit. Schuby is part of the Amt ("collective municipality") Arensharde. The ancestors of Stanford Computer Scientist Donald Knuth emigrated from Schuby. Carles Puigdemont was arrested at a gas station in this town. References Schleswig-Flensburg
Tkhaba-Yerdy (Ingush: ТкъобIa–Ерды; ; ) is the ruins of the largest medieval Christian church in Ingushetia, Russian Federation. It is located deep in the Assin Gorge between the auls of Khairakh and Puy, Dzheyrakhsky District, near the border with Georgia. The monument is protected by the State as part of the Dzheirakh-Assin historical and architectural museum and nature reserve. History and architecture The building was first described in 1781 by a Russian army officer Städer known for the accounts of his North Caucasian travels. From the 1880s on, the monument became a subject of study by several Russian, Georgian and Ingush scholars. From 1969 to 1971, a team of Georgian and Ingush specialists led by the architect L. Khimshiashvili and archaeologist G. Ghambashidze carried out a substantial research in the area and reconstructed the church for further conservation. The expedition also offered a novel interpretation of the church’s name. Instead of the hitherto commonly accepted translation as "a church of the Holy Two Thousands", the scholars now suggested that the name might have been derived from the name of St. Thomas. According to the evidence the earliest structures of Tkhaba-Yerdy dates back before 8th-9th centuries when it was remodeled . The temple seems to have been completely remodeled during the reign of Queen Tamar of Georgia (r. 1184-1213), and restructured for the last time in the 15th-16th centuries. Originally, the church was a three-nave basilica typical to medieval Georgian architecture , but several elements of the native tradition of mountainous Ingushetia were later introduced by its rebuilders. Although eventual Islamization of the region made the church defunct, it remained a place where the Ingush clansmen gathered to discuss common matters such as raids against enemies, peace-making, and to hold various celebrations. The extant edifice is not oriented strictly to the east, but is considerably deviated to the north. The interior is divided by three tall arcades into four unequal sectors. The church retains the fragments of relief sculpture of the façades and ornate details of cornices and arches. A piece of the inscription in Georgian has also survived. The Tkhaba-Yerdy Church is one of the four monuments of Ingushetia classified as having a federal importance. The other three are: Alby-Yerdy Church, and the Islamic mausoleums of Borga-Kash and Myatsel. Army controversy The area around the church became a training ground of a unit of the Russian 58th army stationed nearby. In 2001, the president of Ingushetia, Ruslan Aushev, accused the military personnel of profaning the monuments of the Dzheirakh district by "setting up a latrine" near the Tkhaba-Yerdy Church. He also said a military helicopter had destroyed an adjacent burial site. In 2007, concerns about the damage to the historical monuments due to the military exercises in the area was again raised by the director of the Dzheirakh-Assin reserve, M. Kodzoyev, who brought the case to the court, but without achieving any results. See also Alby-Yerdy Temple References Sources М. Озиев. Памятники Ингушетии: Храм Тхаба- Ерды. Ingushetiya.ru. Accessed on August 18, 2007. Хевсаков, Владимир Владимирович. Генезис религиозных воззрений ингушей: Дис. канд. ист. наук: 07.00.02. Владикавказ, 2004. Г.Г. Гамбашидзе - Из истории связей Грузии Ингушетии в средние века. Accessed on August 18, 2007. Churches in Ingushetia Medieval Eastern Orthodox church buildings in Russia Nakh peoples 9th-century churches Objects of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance Cultural heritage monuments in Ingushetia
Carl Fredrik Jensen (17 August 1855 – 3 January 1929) was a Norwegian judge and civil servant. Jensen was born in Christiania to politician Christian Jensen and Birgitte Marie Lorck. He married Antonette Christiane Holtermann in 1884. Jensen graduated cand.jur. in 1878, and was appointed to the Ministry of Finance from 1880. He was judge of the Kristiania city court from 1892, and held the position of chief justice from 1902 to 1905. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1904. He died in Oslo in 1929. References 1855 births 1929 deaths Judges from Oslo
Graham de Conde Gund (born 1940) is an American architect and the president of the Gund Partnership, an American architecture firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and founded by Gund in 1971. An heir to George Gund II, he is also a collector of contemporary art, whose collection has been widely exhibited and published. A native of Cleveland, Ohio where he was born in 1940, Gund was educated at Westminster School (Connecticut), Kenyon College, and the Rhode Island School of Design. Gund graduated from the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, with a Master of Architecture degree in 1968 and a Master of Urban Design degree in 1969. Graham Gund is one of six children of George Gund II, former chairman of the Cleveland Trust Company, philanthropist and namesake for the Graduate School of Design's George Gund Hall, completed in 1971. His siblings are George III b. 1937; Agnes b. 1938; Gordon b. 1939; Geoffrey b.1942; Louise b. 1944. After graduation, Gund worked at The Architects' Collaborative in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Gund himself undertook property development for a number of his firm's projects. He is also a noted collector of art. Gund funded the Gund Gallery at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Gund was also the driving force behind the founding of the Gund Gallery at Kenyon College. He designed the museum's building, a LEED Silver-certified project that garnered multiple architectural awards. With his wife Ann, he gave a substantial gift of over 80 modern and contemporary artworks to start the museum's permanent collection. Architecture After working with modern architect Walter Gropius at the Architects' Collaborative, Gund began his career with significant projects that drew from a modernist vocabulary. The Hyatt Regency Cambridge, with its stepped massing, recalled legendary projects by architects Adolf Loos and Henri Sauvage, while utilizing red brick characteristic of Cambridge's collegiate river-side architecture. For Boston's Institute for Contemporary Art, Gund created an unexpected, open, angular interior that played against the rigid geometry of a historic Richardsonian Romanesque building. The firm became well known during the 1980s for extending this creative take on architecture through significant national projects, some of which were prominent adaptive uses while others were new buildings. Additional museums and education buildings represented the continued expansion of Gund's practice in these years. Among the adaptive uses was the Norwalk Maritime Center in Connecticut, a museum and aquarium project housed in a salvaged iron works complex, with a new IMAX theater. New institutional buildings included major structures for Plimoth Plantation in Plymouth, MA, and for the Fernbank Museum of Natural History in Atlanta. At this time, Gund played a role as both architect and developer to reclaim threatened or damaged historic buildings, as in the Church Court Condominiums in Boston and Bulfinch Square in Cambridge. Such activity even led to his being described by Vincent Scully as a "convinced preservationist," comparing Gund to Charles Bulfinch. Among Gund's early work was the Rockefeller residence in Cambridge (1973), the Hyatt Regency Cambridge (1976) and the former Institute for Contemporary Art, now the Boston Architectural College (1976). Much of Gund's work in this period involved renovations or residential adaptive reuse projects in the Boston area. Other projects included the Johnston Guardhouse at Harvard Yard (1983), adaptive reuse of an ironworks building for the Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk (1988), and the Art Deco Revival 31-story 75 State Street (also known as the Fleet Bank Center), Boston (1989), in association with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. In the 1990s Gund's work expanded to include considerable work with Disney Company in Florida and Paris. Gund was featured on This Old House in 1992 as the architect for the television show's Igoe Residence project. By the 2000s Gund's work was primarily focused on school and university projects. Recent work Recent notable buildings designed by the firm include the headquarters for the National Association of Realtors in Washington, D.C., occupying a prominent location on New Jersey Avenue, the conservatory for the Cleveland Botanical Garden, the Lansburgh Theater for the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC, The Fannie Cox Math and Science Center for Friends' Central School in Wynnewood, PA, the synagogue building for Young Israel of Brookline, Massachusetts, the Kenyon Athletic Center, and buildings on many American college campuses, including those of Harvard University, Denison University, and Kenyon College. Gund also designed the Boston Ballet Headquarters on Clarendon Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Work for Disney Gund has designed a number of projects in the Disney Company's planned community of Celebration, Florida, noted for a high concentration of work by major architectural firms invited by Disney. Coronado Springs Resort, Walt Disney World, Florida (design architect) Celebration Hotel and Celebration High School Other work by Gund for Disney includes the International Retail and Manufacturers' Showcase at Euro Disney. Publications Gund's work has been widely published throughout his career, with articles by major critics in national publications. The firm's architecture has been the subject of two books: Gund Partnership 1994-2007, with an extensive foreword by New York Times architecture critic Paul Goldberger, and Graham Gund Architects, published in 1993, with an introduction by Vincent Scully. He is married to Ann Gund née Landreth, with whom he has one son, Graydon. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Additional Gund projects Church Court Condominiums, Boston (1983) - re-modelled Mt. Vernon Church, corner Beacon St. + Massachusetts Ave., developed by Gund Bostix Kiosk, Copley Square, Boston (1992) Kenyon Athletic Center, Ohio (built 2006) Newton North High School, Massachusetts (built 2010) Armour Academic Center, Westminster School Armstrong Dining Hall, Westminster School The firm is also known for historic redevelopment projects including Bulfinch Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Major museum projects include the Plimoth Plantation Visitor Center in Plymouth, Massachusetts, and the Fernbank Museum of Natural History in Atlanta, Georgia. References Bibliography Gund Partnership 1994-2007, Mahar, Christa, ed., Mulgrave, Australia.: Images Publishing Group, 2008. , introduction by Paul Goldberger Rapaport, Richard. Graham Gund Architects: American Institute of Architects Press, 1993. , introduction by Vincent Scully External links Gund Partnership Rhode Island School of Design alumni Kenyon College alumni Living people Architects from Cambridge, Massachusetts Westminster School (Connecticut) alumni Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni 1940 births 20th-century American architects 21st-century American architects Architects from Cleveland
Paths of War () is a 1970 Italian western-comedy film directed by Aldo Grimaldi starring the comic duo Franco and Ciccio. Plot summary In 1858 in Italy, in Sicily, Franco and Ciccio defend the Bourbon army to prevent the unification of Italy built by Giuseppe Garibaldi. However, when the troops of Garibaldi defeated the Bourbons, Franco and Ciccio escape, taking refuge in a box, which is delivered in America. In the Far West, Franco and Ciccio find themselves involved in the American War of Independence against the Apache Indians. They, camouflage, disguise themselves first by warlike Americans, and then by Indian holy men, being able to save their skin. Cast Franco Franchi: Franco Ciccio Ingrassia: Ciccio Stelvio Rosi: Martin Renato Baldini: Jeff Adler Gray: Lucy Foster Joseph P. Persaud: Indian Chief Alfredo Rizzo: Sgt. Douglas Lino Banfi: Mormon Luigi Bonos: Bartender References External links 1970 films Films set in 1858 Italian Western (genre) comedy films Spaghetti Western films Films directed by Aldo Grimaldi Italian buddy comedy films 1970s buddy comedy films American Revolutionary War films 1970s Western (genre) comedy films Films with screenplays by Giovanni Grimaldi Films with screenplays by Aldo Grimaldi 1970 comedy films Films scored by Roberto Pregadio 1970s Italian films
The Kholzunskoye mine is a large iron mine located in southern Russia in the Altai Republic. Kholzunskoye represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 680 million tonnes of ore grading 30% iron metal. See also List of mines in Russia References Iron mines in Russia
Seán French (8 November 1931 – 25 December 2011) was a Fianna Fáil politician from Cork in Ireland. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1967 to 1982. French was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt, at a by-election in 1967 for the Cork Borough constituency which was caused by the death of the Labour Party TD Seán Casey. He was re-elected at the next five general elections, but lost his seat at the November 1982 general election and did not stand again. He also stood as a candidate for the European Parliament, at the first direct election in 1979 in the Munster constituency, but was not elected. Seán French was Lord Mayor of Cork for the term from 1976 to 1977. His father, also called Seán French, also served as a TD and Lord Mayor of Cork. See also Families in the Oireachtas References 1931 births 2011 deaths Fianna Fáil TDs Members of the 18th Dáil Members of the 19th Dáil Members of the 20th Dáil Members of the 21st Dáil Members of the 22nd Dáil Members of the 23rd Dáil Lord Mayors of Cork Fianna Fáil local councillors
Cerda is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Sicily region, Southern Italy, located about southeast of Palermo. Cerda borders the following municipalities: Aliminusa, Collesano, Sciara, Scillato, Sclafani Bagni, Termini Imerese and Montemaggiore Belsito. References External links Official website Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Palermo
Ted Linley may refer to: Ted Linley (footballer), E. W. (Ted) Linley, a Canadian politician in Huron Shores, Ontario.
Leo Raderman (born August 22, 1968, in Los Angeles, California) is an American media and technology entrepreneur. As of 2006, he was co-founder, Chief Marketing and Product Officer of Veeker, co-founder and chairman of Obscura Digital, and Founder of IFILM. Notable achievements Raderman's first company, IFILM, founded in October 1998, was the first to use the Internet to deliver user-generated video content (short films) and premiere video content (music videos, movie trailers, viral videos) to a broad consumer audience. Raderman's second company, Obscura Digital, founded in July 2000, was the first to introduce immersive video projection technologies to Fortune 500 companies’ event-based marketing efforts. Education A native of California, with Russian origins, Raderman received a B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles, with double majors in Communication Studies and Psychology. He was awarded a M.A. in Systematic and Philosophical Theology from the Graduate Theological Union at the University of California, Berkeley. His Master's thesis, entitled “Dreams and Liberation” was a curious exploration into the role the subconscious mind plays in helping individuals and societies discover and socialize ethical and metaphysical certainty. Career After completing his master's degree, Raderman relocated to New York, and began working for Silicon Alley-based Marinex Multimedia. There, he helped produce one of the Web's first "webisodics", then known as a "Cybersoap", called "The East Village," along with an online entertainment magazine called "The Biz" and a CD-ROM magazine called "Trouble & Attitude." From Marinex, Raderman joined Saatchi & Saatchi's interactive marketing division, Darwin Digital, where, as Creative Director and then managing director, he worked on interactive accounts for clients including Time Warner, General Mills, GeoCities, Allied Domec, New Zealand Telecom, The New Zealand Rugby Union, and HP. He left Saatchi to found IFILM. IFILM Raderman founded IFILM in October 1998, and was the company's first Chairman/CEO. In April 1999, he was joined by co-founder and SVP Business Development Luke McDonough. In March 2000, Kevin Wendle, IFILM's original angel investor, became CEO and was made a co-founder as well. Obscura Digital Raderman co-founded Obscura Digital in July 2000 with Travis Threlkel, who, with co-CEO Chris Lejeune, operates the company. Obscura Digital is an advanced HD video R&D and production facility focused on developing high-impact, immersive, and giant-scale display systems and content. Haworth partnered with Obscura Digital to create Bluescape, a wall touchscreen. Obscura collaborated with Tesla Motors and the Oceanic Preservation Society to design a custom Tesla Model S for the 2015 documentary film Racing Extinction. The vehicle had a projection system that was used to project images of endangered species onto public buildings to educate the public about the Holocene extinction event Veeker Raderman co-founded Veeker in September 2005 with entertainment industry veteran Alex Kelly, business development leader Marcus Yoder, and mobile industry expert Raj Singh. References 1968 births Living people American computer businesspeople
Horizonte is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Ceará References Municipalities in Ceará
Missouri City Savings Bank Building and Meeting Hall, also known as the Nowlin Store Building, is a historic commercial building located in Missouri City, Clay County, Missouri. Built circa 1858, it is the oldest and largest remaining commercial structure in Missouri City, featuring shops on the first level and private spaces on the second. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. References Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri Commercial buildings completed in 1858 Buildings and structures in Clay County, Missouri National Register of Historic Places in Kansas City, Missouri
Tyrone Walker (born May 21, 1990), known by his stage name ASAP TyY (stylized as A$AP TyY), is an American rapper from the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. He is a member of the Harlem, New York based hip hop collective A$AP Mob (including, most notably, A$AP Rocky and A$AP Ferg), from which he adopted his "A$AP" moniker. TyY's singles "O Well" and "Chamber Lock" feat. A$AP Yams" in 2015, as well as "Remain the Same" in 2016, were the first to be featured on major blogs and publications. His features on hip hop websites such as HotNewHipHop and Complex would serve as a precursor for TyY before releasing his debut mixtape, "BEST KEPT SECRET" in April 2016. After the release of the 19-track mixtape, TyY went on to release four more singles. His most popular song was titled "Trump", a track aimed at the would-be President of the United States would draw ire from Trump supporters and praise from the President's detractors. In early 2017, TyY had his first headline tour, performing throughout Europe and the United Kingdom. In addition to music, TyY has also taken part in fashion, art, and street culture. An avid dirt bike fan, TyY popularized the Bike Life subculture of New York City. Utilizing his platform as a rapper and rider, TyY would release his first ever art exhibit in 2014, as well as 2 signature ski-goggles, for which he partnered with the Brooklyn-based designer, KidSuper. Musical career 2012–2014: Beginnings & A$AP Mob By early 2012, TyY had garnered recognition as a biker on the streets of Harlem. Utilizing his newfound platform, TyY would release his first track, a collaboration between himself and Young Money Yawn entitled "Comme Des Fawk Down", in early 2014. 2015–2016: Best Kept Secret Though he had created a following for himself prior to becoming a rapper, it was not until 2015 when TyY's rapping career truly began. In early 2015, TyY released the track "Chamber Lock" , which included an intro from his friend, deceased A$AP Mob founder, A$AP Yams. After "Chamber Lock" , TyY went on to create his next single, "O Well" on June 2, 2015, before dropping "Remain the Same" in February 2016. All three tracks would appear on TyY's debut mixtape, "BEST KEPT SECRET", which dropped on April 13, 2016. 2016–2017: European tour After the premiere of his debut mixtape, TyY would release three singles; "Bust It Open" on September 21, "Trump" on November 7, and the collaboration between himself & BewhY, "Like Me" on December 28. In early 2017, capitalizing on the success of his most recent projects, TyY would embark on his first headline tour; a 5-day, 3 country, tour taking place in Paris, Amsterdam, and London. Cozy Tapes Vol. 2: Too Cozy On August 25, 2017, ASAP Mob released its second studio album, Cozy Tapes Vol. 2: Too Cozy. The album was released by ASAP Worldwide, Polo Grounds Music, and RCA Records. TyY would be featured on the 8th track, titled "Get the Bag." The track also featured ASAP Rocky, ASAP Ferg, ASAP Ant, ASAP Nast, Playboi Carti and Smooky Margielaa. Troubles of the World On April 19, 2018 TyY released his first mixtape/album, Troubles of The World. The songs featured OG Maco, Lamont Sincere, A$AP Ant and Macca Wiles. Non-music ventures Fashion On December 16, 2016, TyY partnered with Brooklyn-based designer, KidSuper, to create a pair of dual-branded ski-goggles; with the ASAP Mob and KidSuper logos being featured on each side of the piece. The goggles were inspired by Bike Life's signature look of wearing them while riding his ATV through the streets of New York City. In the summer of 2017, TyY would launch multiple collections with a variety of brands. Most notably, during Paris Fashion Week, TyY partnered with Milan-based designer, Guntas. The line was a marquee feature of Guntas' Spring 2018 collection. Bike Life TyY is known for popularizing and leading the subculture of Bike Life, a Harlem counter-culture known for their love of ATV's, dirt bikes and riding them on the streets of New York. The NYPD has expressed disapproval, as the vehicles are not street legal. The group still continues to ride to this day. Discography Mixtapes Singles Guest appearances Music videos References African-American male rappers American male rappers 1990 births Musicians from Harlem Rappers from Manhattan Living people 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American male musicians 21st-century African-American musicians
Kevin Reginald Molino (born 17 June 1990) is a Trinidadian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Major League Soccer club Columbus Crew and the Trinidad and Tobago national team. Club career Orlando City After playing for several years in the TT Pro League, with San Juan Jabloteh and Ma Pau SC, Molino signed with Orlando City in the USL Professional Division on 18 March 2011. He scored his first goal for his new club on 14 May in a 1–0 win over the Pittsburgh Riverhounds. Following two seasons with Orlando, Molino had week-long trials with PSV Eindhoven of the Netherlands and Zulte Waregem of Belgium in hopes of continuing his career in Europe. However, on 13 March 2013, it was announced that Molino had re-signed with Orlando for the 2013 USL Pro season. On 10 January 2014, Molino signed a new two-year contract with Orlando City which would keep him at the club when they transition into Major League Soccer for the 2015 season despite heavy interest from other MLS and foreign suitors. The deal made Molino the first player signed to Orlando's MLS roster. Molino began the 2014 USL Pro season, the club's final season in the league, with 15 goals in his first 21 matches, the most in the league at that point in the season. Molino tied the league single-season goal scoring record of 15 shared by Dom Dwyer and José Angulo on 16 August 2014 with six games left in the season. Two games later on 23 August 2014, Molino scored in a league match against the Richmond Kickers to bring his goal tally to 16 for the season, setting the new single-season record in the process. Molino concluded Orlando City's final USL Pro season with a goal against the Richmond Kickers, raising his final record-tally to 20 as Orlando City won its third Commissioner's Cup in four years. On 2 May 2015, during Orlando City's friendly against Ponte Preta, Molino tore his right ACL and missed the remainder of the 2015 MLS season. On 3 April 2016, Molino scored his first goal for Orlando City from a penalty in a 4–1 win over Portland Timbers. Minnesota United On 26 January 2017 it was announced that Molino would rejoin former coach Adrian Heath at Minnesota United FC after Minnesota paid Orlando City $650,000 in allocation money for the player. The transfer fee paid was reportedly tied for the largest exchange in league history. On 10 March 2018, during the second game of Minnesota United FC's season, Molino tore his left ACL in a match against Orlando City FC after scoring two goals in the first game of the season. Following Minnesota's 2020 season, Molino's contract expired. On 16 December 2020, Molino announced that he would not be rejoining Minnesota United. Columbus Crew On 7 January 2021, Columbus Crew announced the signing of Molino for the 2021 Major League Soccer season. On 26 August 2021, it was announced that Molino had torn his right ACL, his second ACL tear in his right knee and third total in his MLS career. International career Molino has represented Trinidad and Tobago at international level. He was named in Trinidad's 2010 Caribbean Cup squad, and made his international debut versus Guyana on 4 November 2010. He announced his retirement from international duty on 1 September 2023. Personal In early 2015, Molino received his U.S. green card which qualifies him as a domestic player for MLS roster purposes. His brother, Kevon Cooper is a cricketer from Trinidad and Tobago. He has played for Trinidad and Tobago and Leeward Islands as well as for Rajasthan Royals in the Indian Premier League and in various other Twenty20 leagues around the world. Career statistics International goals Scores and results list Trinidad and Tobago's goal tally first. Honours Orlando City USL Pro Cup: 2011, 2013 Commissioner's Cup: 2011, 2012, 2014 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Cup runner-Up: 2014 Individual USL Pro MVP: 2012, 2014 USL Pro Team of the Season: 2014 USL Pro single-season goal scoring record: 20 (2014) USL Pro single-season points record: 49 (2014) Caribbean Cup Top Goal Scorer: 2014 (joint with Darren Mattocks and Kervens Belfort) References External links Aiming to be the ultimate Soca Warrior – meet Kevin Molino Kevin Molino at SocaWarriors.net 1990 births Living people Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers Trinidad and Tobago expatriate men's footballers San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players Ma Pau Stars S.C. players Orlando City SC (2010–2014) players Orlando City SC players Minnesota United FC players Columbus Crew players USL Championship players Major League Soccer players Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Footballers at the 2011 Pan American Games TT Pro League players 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Men's association football midfielders Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in the United States 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Pan American Games competitors for Trinidad and Tobago 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup players MLS Next Pro players 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Berezovka () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Rassvetovskoye Rural Settlement, Yelansky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,003 as of 2010. There are 8 streets. Geography The village is located on the bank of the Tersa River. References Rural localities in Yelansky District
Please Help Me, I'm Falling is the title of a recording by American country music singer Hank Locklin, released in 1960. It marks Locklin's first release considered part of the Nashville Sound. Included are Locklin's previous hit singles "Send Me the Pillow That You Dream On,", "Livin' Alone", "It's a Little More Like Heaven", and "Please Help Me, I'm Falling", all placing in the Country Singles Top 10. Reissues Please Help Me, I'm Falling was reissued on CD in 1999 on the Charly label. Track listing Side one "Please Help Me, I'm Falling" (Don Robertson, Hal Blair) "My Old Home Town" (Hoyt Johnson, Kermit Barrett) "(I'm So Tired of) Goin' Home All by Myself" (Pete Hunter) "It's a Little More Like Heaven" (Hoyt Atkins, Jim Atkins) "Livin' Alone" (Wayne Walker) "Seven Days (The Humming Song)" (Roy Drusky) Side two "Send Me the Pillow That You Dream On" (Hank Locklin) "Blues in Advance" (Neil Drummond) "Why Don't You Haul Off and Love Me" (Lonnie Glosson, Wayne Raney) "When the Band Plays the Blues" (John D. Loudermilk) "Hiding in My Heart" (Ken Hodges) "Foreign Car" (Lawton Williams) Personnel Hank Locklin – vocals, guitar Grady Martin – guitar Chet Atkins – guitar Ray Edenton – guitar Velma Smith – guitar Bob Moore – bass Jerry Byrd – bass Buddy Harman – drums Floyd Cramer – piano Marijohn Wilkin – background vocals Millie Kirkham – background vocals The Jordanaires – background vocals Production Produced by Chet Atkins See also The Nashville A-Team External links LP Discography web site. 2002 albums Hank Locklin albums Albums produced by Chet Atkins
Radney may refer to: Radney, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran Radney Foster (born 1959), American singer-songwriter Radney Bowker (born 1979), English rugby player Tom Radney (1932-2011), American politician Masculine given names Iranian masculine given names
The 2002 Big 12 Conference softball tournament was held at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, OK from May 2 through May 5, 2002. Texas won their second conference tournament and earned the Big 12 Conference's automatic bid to the 2002 NCAA Division I softball tournament. , , and received bids to the NCAA tournament. Oklahoma and Nebraska would go on to play in the 2002 Women's College World Series. Standings Source: Schedule Source: All-Tournament Team Source: References Big 12 Conference softball tournament Tournament Big 12 softball tournament
Baldred Rock () is a rock in Fitchie Bay at Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands. It lies close off the south side of Ferrier Peninsula, east-southeast of Graptolite Island. This rock was mapped by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, 1902–04, and was later named "Bass Rock" owing to its likeness to the Bass Rock in Scotland. The name Bass Rock has also appeared on charts as an alternative name for an island in the Joinville Island group. To avoid confusion of these names, in 1954 the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee recommended an entirely new name for the rock at Fitchie Bay. Baldred Rock is named after Saint Baldred, the first hermit known to have lived on the Scottish Bass Rock. References Rock formations of the South Orkney Islands
Kirill Gromov () is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for PSK Sakhalin of the Asia League Ice Hockey (ALIH). Gromov played eleven games for Amur Khabarovsk of the Kontinental Hockey League during the 2008–09 KHL season where he scored no points. He also played in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship for Gornyak Rudny and Arlan Kokshetau and in the Professional Hockey League in Ukraine for HC Levy before joining Sakhalin in 2014. References External links 1990 births Living people Arlan Kokshetau players Gornyak Rudny players Amur Khabarovsk players Russian ice hockey defencemen PSK Sakhalin players Yermak Angarsk players People from Blagoveshchensk Sportspeople from Amur Oblast
The women's cross country mountain biking competition at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia was held on 12 April in the Nerang National Park. Schedule The schedule was as follows: All times are Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10) Results The results were as follows: References Cycling at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Mountain biking at the Commonwealth Games 2010s in women's mountain biking 2018 in mountain biking 2018 in women's cycle racing
The 2010 CONCACAF Under-17 Women's Championship was held in Costa Rica from March 10–20, 2010. This was the second edition of the U-17 women's championship for CONCACAF. The first and second placed teams qualified for the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup held in Trinidad and Tobago. The United States were the defending champions from 2008. Trinidad and Tobago did not participate because they automatically qualified to the World Cup as hosts. Media coverage Like the 2010 CONCACAF Under-20 Women's Championship held in January, Concacaf.tv broadcast each game in live stream free of charge. Fox Soccer Channel and Fox Sports en Espanol broadcast group games that involved Mexico or the United States as well as all knockout stage matches regardless of participants. Qualified teams Group stage All times are local (UTC−06:00). Group A Group B Knockout stage All times are local (UTC−06:00). The winners of the two semifinal matches qualified for the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup held in Trinidad and Tobago. Semi-finals Third place play-off Final Winners Goalscorers USA's Horan won the top-scorer award with 8 goals. 8 goals Lindsey Horan 6 goals Morgan Brian Taylor Smith 3 goals Raquel Rodríguez Maria Moreira Diana González Tanya Samarzich Isabel Farrell Havana Solaun Kaili Torres 2 goals Nour Ghoneim Alhyssa Villalta Lucero Luna Kaysie Clark Alexandra Doll 1 goal Haisha Cantave Kylie Davis Sabrina Hémond Kinley McNicoll Diamond Simpson Alyssa Chin Angélica Fallas Fabiola Sánchez Shantel Bailey Trudi Carter Shenika Williams Anakaren Llamas Christina Murillo Fernanda Piña Daniela Alejandra Salcedo Andrea Sánchez Lindsay Alveo Olivia Brannon Jennifer Gonzalez Cari Roccaro References Notes Citations External links Official Site 2008 Women's 2010 CON 2010 in American women's soccer 2010 in Canadian women's soccer 2009–10 in Mexican football 2009–10 in Costa Rican football 2009–10 in Jamaican football 2009–10 in Panamanian football 2010 in youth sport 2010 in youth association football
The SVO Germaringen is a German association football club from Germaringen, Bavaria. The club's most successful era was the 1970s and early '80s, when it played in the tier-four Landesliga Bayern-Süd. More notable however is its qualification to the first round of the DFB-Pokal in this time. Qualified on three occasions, it advanced to the second round in 1976, beating fellow amateur side VfR Laboe 9–0. Apart from football, the club has another seven sports departments, like tennis and line dance. History Football was first played in organised form in Germaringen in the early 1920s, but it took until 1930 for a club to be formed, the Spielvereinigung Obergermaringen. The club, in its early days, had 32 members. The club experienced some local success and, by 1935, reached the local Kreisliga, where it played against teams from Landsberg am Lech, Thannhausen, Mindelheim and Krumbach. With the outbreak of the Second World War, the senior team had to be withdrawn but a junior side was still successful in 1940, winning a local championship. From this side, ten of the eleven players did not return from the war. The side was reformed in 1946 and re-entered competitive football in the local amateur leagues. In 1957, the club earned promotion to the A-Klasse, where it would play until 1971. In this era, the club's youth teams were more successful, earning to runners-up finishes in the Schwaben championship. In 1971, the team achieved promotion to the tier-five Bezirksliga Schwaben-Süd. It stayed in this league for only two seasons before earning another championship and moving up to the Landesliga Bayern-Süd. In its first season there, the team finished in twelfth place, nine points clear of a relegation rank. For the duration of its league membership, the club finished in the lower half of the table, but nevertheless survived there for eight seasons. In 1980, a seventeenth place however meant relegation. In 1976, the team reached the final of the Schwaben Cup for the first time, losing 3–2 to FC Memmingen. It then beat SV Brunnthal 3–2 to qualify for the first round of the DFB-Pokal for the first time. There, the team defeated fellow amateur side VfR Laboe 9–0, a result more common in games between professional and amateur sides. In the second round of the Cup it lost 6–0 to Arminia Bielefeld. The club returned to the Schwaben Cup final in 1978, where it lost to SSV Glött on penalties. Qualified for the first round of the DFB-Pokal once more, the team went out to VfR Bürstadt after a 7–1 loss. The club made a third appearance in the national cup competition when it won the Schwaben Cup with a 2–1 over TSV 1861 Nördlingen in 1982 and then qualified after defeating SV Bütthard 4–1. It met Hammer SpVgg in the first round of the DFB-Pokal and lost 2–1. The team made a return to the Landesliga in 1983. It achieved its best-ever finish there in the following season, coming eighth. This time around, the club only lasted for three seasons in the league, suffering relegation in 1986. When, in 1988, the Bezirksoberligas were formed in Bavaria as the new fifth tier of the Bavarian football league system, SVO managed to qualify for the new Bezirksoberliga Schwaben. After a fifth place in its first season there, 1989–90 brought almost a return to the Landesliga. Finishing on equal points at the top of the table with TSG Thannhausen, the side lost a decider and then also lost in the following promotion round. A number of seasons with mid-table finishes followed but, in 1995, the club was relegated back to the Bezirksliga, ironically alongside TSG Thannhausen, and also TSG Augsburg. After a number of season spend at Bezirksliga level, it returned to the Bezirksoberliga in 1999. In four seasons there, it could not break into the upper half of the table and was relegated back to the Bezirksliga in 2003, where it still plays as of today. For the club's 75th anniversary, it invited the 1. FC Nürnberg, who it lost to 8–0 in front of 1,800 spectators. The club came fourteenth in the Bezirksliga in 2014–15 and was relegated to the Kreisliga for the first time in 45 years. For the 2017–18 season, the fielded eighteen separate football teams in senior and youth football, one more than in the previous season, and a new club record. SVO has three senior teams in the Schwaben football league system, one in the Kreisliga Alläu Mitte, one in the Kreisklasse and a third in the B-Klasse. Most clubs in Schwaben only field two senior teams. Honours The club's honours: League Bezirksoberliga Schwaben (V) Runners-up: 1990 Bezirksliga Schwaben-Süd (V) Champions: (2) 1973, 1983 Runners-up: 1999 Cup Schwaben Cup Winners: 1982 Runners-up: (2) 1976, 1978 Indoor Bavarian championship Runners-up: 1992 Schwaben championship Winners: 1992 Runners-up: 1988 Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: < With the introduction of the Bezirksoberligas in 1988 as the new fifth tier, below the Landesligas, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the establishment of the Regionalliga Bayern as the new fourth tier in Bavaria in 2012 the Bayernliga was split into a northern and a southern division, the number of Landesligas expanded from three to five and the Bezirksoberligas abolished. All leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier. Friendlies The club has played a number of friendlies in the past against top-teams from Europe and South America: 25 July 1982: Fortuna Düsseldorf 0–0 28 July 1983: Eintracht Frankfurt 0–3 25 July 1984: FC Twente Enschede 0–4 27 July 1984: Arminia Bielefeld 0–3 24 July 1985: HFC Haarlem 2–4 17 July 1986: Alkmaar Zaanstreek 0–3 23 July 1986: VfL Bochum 2–4 3 July 1987: Ajax Amsterdam 1–1 4 August 1987: Gremio Porto Alegre 0–4 22 January 1989: FC Swarovski Tirol 10–4 13 July 1990: 1. FC Lok Leipzig 1–4 2 July 2005: 1. FC Nürnberg 0–8 19 October 2007: FC Bayern Allstars 5–4 DFB-Pokal appearances The club has qualified for the first round of the DFB-Pokal three times: Source: References External links Official team site Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Bavaria Association football clubs established in 1930 Football in Swabia (Bavaria) 1930 establishments in Germany
Lydia Frances Polgreen (born 1975) is an American journalist. She is best known for having been the editor-in-chief of HuffPost. She also spent about one year between 2021 and 2022 as the head of content for Gimlet Media. Prior to that she was editorial director of NYT Global at The New York Times, and the West Africa bureau chief for the same publication, based in Dakar, Senegal, from 2005 to 2009. She won many awards, most recently the Livingston award in 2009. She also reported from India. She was then based in Johannesburg, South Africa where she was The New York Times Johannesburg Bureau Chief. After leaving Gimlet, she returned to The New York Times as an opinion columnist. Biography Polgreen graduated from St. John's College in 1997 and Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. She started working at The New York Times in 2002. In 2006, she received a George Polk Award in Foreign Reporting from Long Island University for her coverage of ethnic violence in the Darfur region of Sudan. In February 2008, she covered the Battle of N'Djamena in Chad. Some of her work in N’Djamena was illustrated by the French freelance photographer Benedicte Kurzen. In April 2016, she became the editorial director of NYT Global for The New York Times. On December 6, 2016, she left The New York Times to succeed the founder of The Huffington Post, Arianna Huffington, as editor-in-chief. In 2021, she was named to Fast Company's Queer 50 list. Personal life Polgreen is married to Candace Feit, a documentary photographer. In November 2017, Polgreen was nominated to Out magazine's "OUT100" for 2017 in recognition of her work and her visibility. Polgreen's mother is originally from Ethiopia. References Further reading External links "WEBCAST: LYDIA POLGREEN, NEW NYT NEW DELHI CORRESPONDENT", MARCH 30, 2009 "Lydia Polgreen, NYT's West Africa bureau chief", Columbia Journalism podcast, 1/7/2009 "My Foreign Correspondent Hero: Lydia Polgreen", AAUW Dialog, March 13, 2009 1975 births Living people Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni American women journalists The New York Times writers George Polk Award recipients Place of birth missing (living people) St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni American LGBT journalists American people of Ethiopian descent Livingston Award winners for International Reporting 21st-century American journalists 21st-century American women
The Missouri Connection is an album by pianists Jay McShann and John Hicks, recorded in 1992. Recording and music The album was recorded at Rudy Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, on September 14 and 15, 1992. Most of the tracks are piano duets between Jay McShann and John Hicks, with the former also singing on two tracks. "Sweet Lorraine" is played solo by McShann, and Hicks plays "Reflections" alone. Release The Missouri Connection was released by Reservoir Records. Reception The AllMusic reviewer commented that, "While Hicks is a more modern player than McShann, the two pianists blend together quite well and this combination, which may not seem all that logical at first glance, works." Track listing "The Missouri Connection" (Jay McShann, John Hicks) – 6:07 "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You" (George Bassman, Ned Washington) – 7:29 "I'm Just a Lucky So-and-So" (Duke Ellington, Mack David) – 7:49 "Jumpin' the Blues" (McShann, Charlie Parker) – 4:28 "Sweet Lorraine" (Cliff Burwell, Mitchell Parish) – 5:21 "Reflections" (Thelonious Monk) – 4:37 "What Am I Here For" (Ellington, Frankie Laine) – 7:51 "Fiddlin' Around" (McShann) – 5:20 "All of Me" (Gerald Marks, Seymour Simons) – 4:03 "In a Sentimental Mood" (Ellington, Manny Kurtz, Irving Mills) – 4:16 "There Will Never Be Another You" (Harry Warren, Mack Gordon) – 5:48 Personnel Jay McShann – piano, vocals John Hicks – piano References 1992 albums John Hicks (jazz pianist) albums Jay McShann albums Reservoir Records albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Umar al-Khafaji () an Egyptian Hanafi-Maturidi scholar and poet who spent some time in Istanbul and while there was appointed Qadi al-Qudah (chief judge) of Egypt. Works Among his well-known writings are: Hashiya (marginal commentary) on the Quranic commentary of al-Baydawi, titled: 'Inayat al-Qadi wa-Kifayat al-Radi. Commentary on al-Shifa bi Ta'rif Huquq al-Mustafa of al-Qadi 'Iyad, titled: Naseem al-Riyadh fi Sharh Shifa' al-Qadi 'Iyad. See also List of Hanafis List of Ash'aris and Maturidis References External links The Biography of Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji 1569 births 1659 deaths 16th-century Arab people 17th-century Arab people Hanafis Maturidis Asharis Al-Azhar University alumni 16th-century Muslim theologians Egyptian imams Egyptian Sunni Muslims Egyptian poets Egyptian male poets Critics of Ibn Taymiyya Critics of Ibn al-Qayyim Sunni imams Sharia judges Quranic exegesis scholars 17th-century Muslim theologians
Carcinonemertidae is a family of worms belonging to the order Hoplonemertea. Genera: Carcinonemertes Coe, 1902 Ovicides Shields, 2001 Pseudocarcinonemertes Fleming & Gibson, 1981 References Monostilifera Nemertea families
James Aloysius McNulty (January 16, 1900 – September 4, 1972) was an American clergyman of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Paterson in New Jersey (1953–1963) and bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo in New York (1963–1972). He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Newark in New Jersey (1947-1953). Biography Early life and education James McNulty was born on January 16, 1900, in New York City. He was educated at Seton Hall College and Immaculate Conception Seminary in South Orange, New Jersey, where he earned a Master of Arts degree in 1923. He made his theological studies at the Catholic University of Leuven in Leuven, Belgium. Ordination and ministry McNulty was ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of Newark on July 12, 1925. His younger brother, John L. McNulty, was ordained at the same liturgy (and later served as President of Seton Hall University from 1949 to 1959). James McNulty did pastoral work in Jersey City and Newark, both in New Jersey, and served as diocesan director of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, moderator of the Mount Carmel Guild, and director of Catholic Youth Organization. He served on the faculty of the Teachers' Institute for Religious for five years. Auxiliary Bishop of Newark On August 2, 1947, McNulty was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Newark and Titular Bishop of Methone by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on October 7, 1947, from Archbishop Thomas Walsh, with Bishops William A. Griffin and Henry Joseph O'Brien serving as co-consecrators. Bishop of Paterson McNulty was named the third bishop of the Diocese of Paterson by Pius XII on April 9, 1953. His tenure there was marked by an increase in new parishes and schools. He also served as chairman of the U.S. Bishops' Committee for Motion Pictures, Radio and Television; in this capacity he condemned "'fast buck' horror, pseudoscience and crime films aimed especially at youngsters," saying such films imperil the moral health and intellectual development of children. Bishop of Buffalo On February 12, 1963, Pope John XXIII appointed McNulty as the tenth bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo. He reduced the diocesan debt which stood at $30 million through a three-year Diocesan Development Fund. McNulty oversaw the implementation of the Decrees of Vatican II including the establishment of the Priests' Senate. A good number of new parishes were established and former Missionary Apostolate parishes became independent. Many parishes built new church buildings. McNulty promoted religious vocations, expanded inner city ministry, established the Liturgical Commission, the Pastoral Council, a Lay Steering Committee to oversee finances, and the Communications Office. McNulty began the television program The Bishop Visits Your Home. James McNulty died in Montclair, New Jersey, on September 4, 1972, at age 72. His body is buried next to his parents in East Hanover, New Jersey. References Episcopal succession 1972 deaths Participants in the Second Vatican Council Seton Hall University alumni 1900 births American Roman Catholics 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States Roman Catholic bishops of Paterson Roman Catholic bishops of Buffalo
The SND Arena is an indoor multi-use sport and event venue in Asunción, Paraguay, located within the Complejo SND. With its new capacity of seats it was renovated and inaugurated in August 2018. It is used mainly for sports events, such as basketball, handball, futsal, volleyball, skating, gymnastics, among others; and also for music concerts. Sport events Concerts Notes 1.Canceled as responds to the COVID-19 pandemic. References External links SND's Official Website Sports venues in Asunción Sports venues in Paraguay Music venues in Paraguay Indoor arenas in Paraguay
Grenadier, subtitled "Tactical Warfare 1680–1850", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1972 that simulates combat during an age when musket and cannon predominated. Description Grenadier is a two-player wargame that presents sixteen historic battles or, due to the small scale of the map, parts of battles. For example, rather than simulating the entire Battle of Waterloo, the game presents the attack of Napoleon's Old Guard against the center of the British line. Twelve of the sixteen battles are from the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. The rules are complex, and every battle uses the same 22" x 28" map of generic terrain, which is scaled at per hex. Attacks are defined as either "fire" (ranged weapons) or "shock" (hand-to-hand weapons). Scenarios The sixteen battles offered in the game are: Blenheim (12 August 1704) Fontenoy (11 May 1745) Leuthen (5 December 1757) The Charge of the Mamelukes at Battle of the Pyramids (21 July 1798) Trebbia (9 June 1799) Marengo (14 June 1800) Austerlitz (2 December 1805) Jena (14 October 1806) Rolica (17 August 1808) Sepulveda (30 November 1808) Los Santos (3 January 1812) Salamanca (23 July 1812) Pilnitz (mid-September 1813) The Charge of the Union Brigade at Waterloo (18 June 1815) The Attack of the Imperial Guard at Waterloo (18 June 1815) Palo Alto (8 May 1846) Publication history In 1972, SPI founder Jim Dunnigan designed Grenadier, which was published with graphic design by Redmond A. Simonsen as one of the company's first boxed sets. Reception In a 1976 poll conducted by SPI to determine the most popular board wargames in North American, Grenadier fared poorly, only placing 102nd out of 202 games. In Issue 7 of Moves, George Phillies noted that the scenarios were not balanced, saying, "Most of the scenarios have been constructed with care, but, as usual, with the intention of reflecting the situation, not with the intention of giving each side an equal opportunity to win. Experimentation might establish a scenario or two that are evenly balanced but anyone desiring a balanced game would do better to use the materials to make up his own situation." In a retrospective review in the UK wargaming magazine Phoenix four years after the game's publication, Rob Gibson admitted that his reaction to the game was "a bit mixed." While he found the game reasonably suited to small unit actions in the 1700–1850 era, "it is a trifle antiquated compared to [more recent wargames], and the very limitation of the unit size prevents simulationa of most of the major battles of the Napoleonic era. A further limitation is imposed by the map, which has no rivers and few hills." In his 1977 book The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming, Nick Palmer thought that this game and its single map were too generic, and believed that "Napoleonic enthusiasts may prefer one of the many games specializing in this theme." In The Guide to Simulations/Games for Education and Training, history professor Martin Campion wrote, "I have used this game with a small group of upper level students with some success, but the game is too complex and the mechanics are too abstract for it to be used very widely." Campion concluded, "The game shows something of the relationship between the various kinds of armies that fought during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, but much of the interpretation of the tactical conditions of the period is questionable." Other reviews and commentary Fire & Movement #24 Strategy & Tactics #51 The Wargamer Vol.1 No.17 American Wargamer Vol.9 No.3 Battleflag V.1 No.26 References Board wargames set in Modern history Jim Dunnigan games Napoleonic Wars board wargames Simulations Publications games Wargames introduced in 1972
Bingham Park is one of the chain of Porter Valley Parks in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Location Bingham Park is a park near Ecclesall and Ranmoor, Sheffield. It is the second (when travelling west from the city centre) of a line of parks and public open spaces along the Porter Brook, known as the Porter Valley Parks. To the north-east it is separated from the first in the chain, Endcliffe Park, by Rustlings Road, and to the west from Whiteley Woods by Highcliffe Road. National Cycle Route 6 passes through the park, utilising the Peak Park Anniversary cycle route. Description Bingham Park is a grassy area high on a hillside with views across the valley, to Ranmoor. A footpath, leaving Rustlings Road serpents the valley bottom towards Whiteley Woods'. The footpath ends at Forge Dam Park, passing several dams of the Porter Brook, including Shepherd Wheel. The park possesses tennis courts, a mini golf course and a bowling green, an astroturf and has much woodland. The AstroTurf is commonly used by local footballers. History The first of land which now forms Bingham Park was presented to Sheffield Corporation on 11 September 1911 by Sir John E. Bingham. In 1927 the land around an early water-powered scythe works and its dam were incorporated into the park. References External links Bingham Park, Friends of the Porter Valley Parks in Sheffield Forests and woodlands of South Yorkshire Porter Brook
The DeFries House, Barn and Carpenter Shop are a collection of historic buildings located north-west of Andrew, Iowa, United States. They are three of over 217 limestone structures in Jackson County from the mid-19th century, of which 101 were houses, nine were barns, and 36 were other farm-related buildings. The stones used in the construction are of various sizes and shapes and laid in courses. The double end chimneys on the house are found on only two other stone houses in the county, and the DeFries and Thomas Slye houses have them constructed in brick. Also similar to the Slye house is the use of jack arches instead of lintels above the windows and doors. It is possible that both houses were constructed by the same stonemason. While the stonemason for the Syle house is unknown, John Christoph "Christian" Blessing, who was trained in his native Germany, built this collection of buildings for the DeFries family. He completed the house in 1858 and the horse barn in 1862. The carpenter shop was built in either 1858 or 1862. Above the main entry into the house is a hausspruch, which (translated from German) reads: The three people referred to are Andreas Betten DeVries (later changed to DeFries), his father, Bette Andreas DeVries, and his stepmother, Trintje Ippers. They immigrated from Germany in 1855 and settled here. The farm expanded under Andreas to include , as well as other farm buildings. The three stone buildings are the original part of the farmstead. The house is a two-story, gable-roof structure, measuring . The stone barn is an structure capped with a gable roof. The carpenter shop is a structure built adjacent to the house; as such, it is not considered an outbuilding. The three buildings were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. References Houses completed in 1858 Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa Barns on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa National Register of Historic Places in Jackson County, Iowa Buildings and structures in Jackson County, Iowa Vernacular architecture in Iowa 1858 establishments in Iowa
Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (also known as Rocky Boy Reservation) is one of seven Native American reservations in the U.S. state of Montana. Established by an act of Congress on September 7, 1916, it was named after Ahsiniiwin (Stone Child, incorrectly originally translated as Rocky Boy), the chief of the Chippewa band, who had died a few months earlier. It was established for landless Chippewa (Ojibwe) Indians in the American West, but within a short period of time many Cree (Nēhiyaw) and Métis were also settled there. Today the Cree outnumber the Chippewa on the reservation. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) recognizes it (and the tribe) as the Chippewa Cree Reservation. The reservation is located in Hill and Chouteau counties in north central Montana, about from the Canada–U.S. border. It has a total land area of , which includes extensive off-reservation trust lands. The reservation is reported to have 3,323 enrolled members, 55% of the total 6,177 enrolled members in the tribe. Description The reservation was established by congressional statute on September 7, 1916 (39 Stat. 739, Sec. 10), to provide land for the Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewa Indians, who had been forced out of territory in Minnesota and were landless. The Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation is located in the Bears Paw Mountains in north central Montana. According to the map of Montana, the reservation takes in land within the boundaries of Hill and Chouteau counties, about south of the Canada–United States border. It is the smallest reservation in the state in terms of land area, with a total land area of , which includes extensive off-reservation trust lands. The population was 3,323 at the 2010 census, an increase of 24 percent compared to 2000. Three other reservations of the seven in the state also had population growth during this period. The Bureau of Indian Affairs' Labor Force Report of 2005 reported 5,656 enrolled members in the tribe. The largest community of the reservation is Box Elder, although a small part of Box Elder extends off reservation lands. More than 80% of the tribal enrolled members are classifiable as "adoptees" under the tribal constitution, as they have non-Chippewa tribal origin. Rocky Boy's unusual name was derived from the English mistranslation of the name of the tribal chief, Ahsiniiwin (in the Chippewa/Anishanaabe language). His name was closer in meaning to "Stone Child". The Chippewa who are descendants of Chief Rocky Boy say his name is Asiniweyin, meaning "Stone Being", or "Being of Stone". The Department of Interior refers to the Chippewa-Cree Tribe as being the recognized tribe on the reservation, but this is a term of convenience. The Chippewa and Cree peoples are distinct tribes among the several that are part of the larger Anishinaabe family. History Chief Rocky Boy wrote to the Bureau of Indian Affairs and later to President Theodore Roosevelt on January 14, 1902, asking the U.S. government for land, housing, and education for his band of Chippewa Indians, made up of 130 men, women and children. They had been forced out of areas to the east and were landless. Also among landless Indians in Montana were a band of Cree. Chief Rocky Boy (Ahsiniiwin) worked with Republican Senator Joseph M. Dixon, writer Frank Bird Linderman, and other influential individuals in Montana, including painter Charles Russell, to achieve his goal. He lived mainly in north central Montana, although he also traveled to southwestern and western areas of the state. The Rocky Boy Band was listed at 75 in a 1908 census that was certified by the Department of the Interior. Another 39 were listed separately as affiliated persons but not Chippewa, by agent Thralls B. Wheat, who was responsible for land allotments. In 1908, Montana passed the Land Acts, regulating Native American lands. The Swan Valley Massacre of 1908 in the northwest part of the state aroused outrage among Native Americans. A small Pend d'Oreilles hunting party, which included women and elders, was attacked by state officials while they were hunting off reservation in their traditional territory. This right was protected by treaties with the US government, but the state thought they had the power to regulate it. An armed game warden confronted the party when he thought they had not moved out of their camp quickly enough, and shot at members. Gunfire was exchanged, and a total of four Pend d'Oreille were killed in the incident, as was the game warden. In November 1909, over 100 landless Chippewa-Cree from southwestern and western Montana and northern Idaho (including the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation) gathered near Helena to be relocated to a new homeland on the Blackfeet Reservation, which was closer to their traditional home. With the new Chippewa-Cree Reservation approved and set aside, the government redirected the Chippewa-Cree to the Chippewa band's new home. The new reservation was located between St. Mary, Babb (which is on the Blackfeet Reservation), and the Canada–US border. It was first called the Babb Reservation. Chief Little Bear soon followed Rocky Boy with his own band, arriving with about 200 Cree from Canada after the North-West Rebellion. According to knowledgeable Blackfeet, the name plates are still discernible, showing the effort to relocate the Chippewa there. Anishinaabe leaders feared they would lose the land and forced the Chippewa away, as they were not Blackfeet people and were not entitled to allotments. The US Army had allowed the Chippewa and other landless Indians, including Cree refugees, to settle at Fort Assinniboine in Hill County. By 1912–1913 nearly 600 Chippewa and Cree were living on the large Fort Assinniboine Military Reservation. The Rocky Boy Reservation, which was formed in part by land ceded by the Army from Fort Assinniboine. Most of those settled in the area were Cree refugees from Canada in the U.S. under terms of asylum. Rocky Boy had already supervised his Chippewa band census in 1908 and had it certified by the Interior Department. Chief Rocky Boy was living on the new Chippewa Reservation near Babb, Montana with 50 to 60 people. He negotiated with the US Indian agent for additional lands, which were approved in 1916. Soon after the reservation was officially established, Chippewa and other landless Indians, to include the Cree from north central Montana, western Montana, and northern Idaho, settled alongside those already living on the new Rocky Boy Reservation. With Frank Linderman leading many of the European-American supporters, the US Congress passed legislation in 1916 to establish what was first called Rocky Boy's Reservation. The Indian Inspector Frank Churchill was sent to Montana to negotiate with the chief. Ahsiniiwin educated Churchill about the Chippewa, saying that they lived all around Montana, including at the Blackfeet and Flathead reservations, as well as near many cities dominated by European Americans, including Anaconda, Billings, Butte, Deer Lodge, Great Falls, Havre, Helena, Missoula, Wolf Point and others. Ahsiniiwin asserted that he was peaceful at all times, and he spoke only for the Chippewa people. He had worked to establish Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation and signed the 1889 Red Lake Agreement in Minnesota. Churchill asked the Department of Interior to withdraw all of Valley County from white settlement in order to establish a new closed Chippewa reservation there. Both requests were granted by the Department of Interior. In the end, many of the Chippewa-Cree who lived in western Montana were not willing to relocate to far northeastern Montana. Chippewa notation: The Sharrock report/addendum to the official Ewers Report notes the 1908 land was proposed for "Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewa Indians". Chippewa notation : According to the papers of Indian agent Frank Bird Linderman (1869-1938), Chief Rocky Boy died at Ft. Assiniboine on April 18, 1916. Contemporary newspapers also reported that Rocky Boy died in Fort Assiniboine. But Robert Gopher (Blackfeet), an oral historian of the Chippewa, says that Rocky Boy was assassinated by rival Cree who used poison roots. They were anxious to settle at the reservation. According to the oral traditions of the Saskatchewan Cree, Little Bear was known to use a specific poisonous root to kill political rivals. If the assassination account is true, it threatened the Cree settlement at Rocky Boy Reservation. Linderman supposedly said that rocky Boy in his last words said he did not want to accept the Cree on the newly established reservation. But they had already been occupying land in the area and at Fort Assiniboine. In 1917 a census was conducted at Rocky Boy Reservation in order to establish a tribal roll for what became known as the Chippewa Cree Tribe. Chippewa notation: James McLaughlin, the Interior Agent who entered errors on the 1917 tribal roll, is the same agent who sold Rocky Boy's land in Thief River, Minnesota. The proceeds of that sale were distributed to the Chippewa people of Red Lake, who were established on a reservation of that name. Chippewa Cree Tribal Buffalo Pasture For cultural and food sovereignty purposes, a buffalo herd was established in 2021 on . Bison is the correct taxonomic term for American bison, but buffalo is the common vernacular term. Surrounded by of fencing, the Pasture is about a mile from Box Elder, Montana. The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes donated five bison and American Prairie donated six. In 2022, they received ten bison from American Prairie to strengthen the herd. Economic development According to the Tribal Chairman's address to the Havre Area Chamber of Commerce in January 2007, the annual tribal revenue of $52 million is infused into the local economy as a result of federal programs, private business, and tribal businesses on the Rocky Boy's Reservation. The majority of reservation residents work for the self-governing Chippewa Cree Tribe. Compacts are maintained with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and Indian Health Service. Funds originating within the BIA [note: there is only one BIA employee at Rocky Boy due to the self-governance compact], together with tribal government, provide work for 231 full- and part-time employees. The tribe has set up the Chippewa Cree Community Development Corporation, which employs 25 people. Other enterprises include Chippewa Cree Construction Company (20), Chippewa Cree Construction Corporation (14), National Tribal Development Association (9), Northern Winz Casino (70), and RJS & Associates (4), The tribe operates and administers its own educational system: the Rocky Boy public schools with 184 teachers and staff. Like other tribes, it has set up a tribal college, known as Stone Child Community College, which employs 57. It also has services for enrolled members, and operates the Chippewa Cree Housing Authority (25 employees). By the Tribe's compact with the Indian Health Service, it employs 135 staff within the Rocky Boy Health Board. In 2011, the tribe began a new business with Plain Green Loans, an online lending company. It had a staff of 25 as of December 2011. Plain Green and similar companies owned by other tribes have been criticized for profiting from high-interest online loans (called predatory lending). The Chippewa Cree are part of the Native American Lending Alliance, an organization of tribes that are in the business of online lending. Northern Winz Casino The Chippewa Cree tribe operates the Northern Winz Casino. Construction began in May 2006, with the tribal grand opening occurring in February 2007, and a public grand opening March 30, 2007. The casino is located on U.S. Highway 87, east of Box Elder, Montana. Chippewa Cree Business Committee The Business Committee is effectively the Tribal Council and the governing body of the Tribe; it is dominated by Chippewa Cree adoptees. The eight council members and chairman are elected at large; they serve four-year terms on staggered schedules of elections. This type of election means that each candidate must gain a majority of votes on the reservation, leaving the minority Chippewa without representation. The Tribe elected to "consolidate" the Bureau of Indian Affairs (FY 93) and Indian Health Service (FY 94) programs under Title IV of the P.l. 93-638 Act. This act gave more power to the tribes to determine their priorities and exercise governance. Religious institutions The Chippewa follow the peace pipe religion, rooted in the Grand Lodge or Mediwiwin society. They do not accept the use of peyote in their rites. The Chippewa reject all forms of Christianity. The grand lodge tradition is tightly held; it takes a lifetime for qualified members to learn all four levels of the society. While most of the Chippewa-Cree are Christian, some members of the tribe have maintained traditional spiritual beliefs and cultural ceremonies/activities. The traditional Thirst Dance, more commonly known as the Sun Dance, is held the first week of July. The annual Pow-Wow is held the first week of August. Other cultural events are held throughout the year, including an annual Christmas Dance, round dances, ceremonial feasts, revived cultural ceremonies, and cultural camps. Feeling displaced in Rocky Boy, the Chippewa have continued to practice their traditions on Hill 57, outside Great Falls, Montana. The practices had centered around Mary Chippewa Gopher, whose spiritual name was "Iron Claw Bear Woman". She was the niece of Chief Rocky Boy. Her father, Charles Chippewa or Walking Stone, was the brother to the chief. Mary Chippewa married Jim Gopher, or Loud Thunder. (notation: In the BIA technical report on the Little Shell: "the Chippewa included a small and distinct group, centered around the Gopher family, some of whom are still resident of "hill 57" today. This group claimed descent from a Chippewa chief from the Great Lakes area. They were identified in the studies of the "Hill 57" as descendants of a Chippewa band from the Great Lakes, unrelated to the Little Shell families, Turtle Mountain, or the bands on the Rocky Boy's reservation). This is accurate in the sense that the Chippewa were not related to the Little Bear Cree who also occupied the reservation since it was established. Currently the four levels of teachings of the sweat lodge are held by descendants of Robert Gopher, who was the youngest son of Jim and Mary Chippewa Gopher. The family are not the only ones to carry the intricate teachings and knowledge of their predecessors. Various Christian churches have become established at the reservation. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America has a mission, Our Saviour's Lutheran Church. Toward the end of 1999, Rev. Joseph W. Bailey Sr. was joined by Christian youth groups from around the country; together they built a new sanctuary and outdoor chapel, and started work on a retreat center. The Rev. Peter Guthneck officiates at St. Mary's Catholic Church. He is assisted by Sister Margaret Mary O'Doherty. The Baptist mission church was established in late 1999. The church building was erected in June 2002. The Rocky Boy Assembly of God Church is self-governing and self-supporting. Eric and Amanda Reed have shared the senior pastor in Rocky Boy in the Spring of 2006. Communities Rocky Boy Reservation has nine settlements, eight of which are classified by the US Census Bureau as census-designated places (CDP). Most of the CDPs are located in the Bear Paw Mountains. Agency (official CDP name is "Rocky Boy's Agency") - population 355 at the 2010 census Azure - located in the Bear Paw Mountains Boneau - located 7 miles east of Box Elder, near the Bear Paw Mountains Box Elder - population 87 at the 2010 census; located on the plains Parker School Rocky Boy West, or New Box Elder - population 890 at the 2010 census; located on the southeast side of Box Elder, on the plains Saint Pierre - population 350 at the 2010 census Sangrey - situated at the edge and just within the Bear Paw Mountains In addition, a new settlement is sited about 3 miles west of Boneau, with around 23 housing units. Hill 57 was a settlement where members of the Rocky Boy band moved after they had lost several dozen family members from starvation on Chief Mountain. Opponents of tribal termination noted the problems of the settlement, which occurred after allotment of communal lands had left members disadvantaged. A land plot inherited by Robert Gopher was obtained by George Black Tongue. He had been barred from the 1908 roll and should not have been eligible to acquire that land. The settlement at Hill 57 followed the dark period when some members of the Rocky Boy Band were assassinated; tribal members left the reservation to preserve themselves. The Chippewa Cree Tribal Constitution was passed that adopted a ten-year absentee policy, wherein members away from the reservation for longer than 10 years lost their tribal citizenship. In the early 21st century, the Chippewa are studying suing the Chippewa Cree Tribal Council. They contend that the Chippewa Cree are not a lawful recognized tribe. They believe that the tribal immunity from civil suits does not apply to individuals who do not have blood descent in a historic tribe, but claim adoptee status on a reservation. Climate Rocky Boy Reservation has a wide variation of climate conditions. Near Box Elder, the climate is warmer during the summer months, as a result of the lower elevation, and windier during the cold winter months. During the cold winter months, the Chinook winds can cause damage around the Box Elder region. High wind storms often occur during the winter months. With the warmer temperatures, the Chinook Winds result in melting snow. The Chinook Winds also occur in the Bear Paw Mountains, but their strength there is not as great as on the open plains. The winds may warm the communities located in the Bear Paw Mountains during the winter months. Precipitation, especially in the form of snow, is somewhat higher in the mountains than on the plains. Average low temperatures during the winter months of December, January, and February at Box Elder are 9, 5, and 9. Average high temperatures for the same winter months at Box Elder are 30, 26, and 31. Average high temperatures for the summer months of June, July, and August are 76, 85, and 84. Average low temperatures for the same summer months at Box Elder are 49, 54, and 51. Notable Chippewa, Anishinaabe Chief Rocky Boy, or Asiniweyin (as his name appears on the 1908 Chippewa Census, <United States Department of Interior>), member of the Red Robe Band noted in the 1864 Pembina Chippewa Treaty, signor of the 1889 Red Lake Agreement #6, assisted in the creation of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Reservation. With Frank B. Linderman, Charles M. Russell, Paris Gibson, and William Boles (according to the Great Falls Tribune), he established the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation. Charles Chippewa, brother to Chief Rocky Boy, was at one time the keeper of the Chief Rocky Boy bundle. This bundle is now kept by a descendant of the Rocky Boy family. John Goodrunner (Chippewa), coordinated the annual Rain Dance, sometimes referred to as the Sun Dance, at the Rocky Boy reservation until his death. Mary Chippewa Gopher, "Iron Claw Bear Woman", niece of Chief Rocky Boy, she led Chippewa resistance against policies of the U.S. government that interfered with tribal sovereignty. Also known as Iron Claws, she raised a family at Hill 57 after her people were dispossessed from their new reservation. She rejected inclusion of Cree on the reservation. She led her people from 1946 until her death on November 23, 1965. Mary Bearwalker McGillis, daughter of Chief Big Rock's son Bearwalker, was a contemporary of Iron Claws. She is also credited with holding the Chippewa people together through a difficult period. Duncan Standing Rock Sr., elder and possessor of ceremonial knowledge of the Chippewa people. He held the sacred bundle of Chief Rocky Boy until his death, February 28, 2021. Robert Gopher, Listening Thunder, grand-nephew to Chief Rocky Boy, led the Chippewa resistance after the death of his parents, and fostered the Chippewa people's efforts to restore their sovereignty. Notable Chippewa-Cree Black Powder (c.1800 - d. 1865) was an Ojibwa ogima (leader). His date of birth is not known but may have occurred between 1800 and 1805. Ogima Black Powder was native to the Montana, Alberta, and Saskatchewan regions. Little has been recorded about his life. He died in 1865. Chippewa notation: Black Powder is not on the 1908 Census of the Rocky Boy Band of Chippewa Indians. Big Bear (1825-c. 1888). According to historians, Big Bear was Saulteaux but raised as a Plains Cree. He was born in 1825 as the son of Black Powder, an Ojibwa chief, and an Ojibwa mother in the Jackfish Lake region of Saskatchewan, a few miles north of present-day North Battleford, Saskatchewan, and not far from Alberta. He settled primarily in the region where the present-day Saulteaux First Nation of Saskatchewan is located, near the Onion Lake First Nation. He was a leader in the North-West Rebellion of 1885. The whites arrested him as the principal leader of the short rebellion and sentenced him to prison. In early 1888, Big Bear was released. He settled on the Poundmaker First Nation, where he died soon after. Chippewa notation: Big Bear was not a predecessor to Chief Rocky Boy, for whom the Rocky Boy Reservation is named. Little Bear (c.1850-1921). The son of Big Bear, considered Cree. Some said his mother was a Chippewa whose people had relocated from Wisconsin to Montana. Little Bear was born around 1850. After his father relocated to Montana from Idaho, the family settled in southwestern and north central Montana, depending on the season. The latter had vast herds of buffalo and was extremely important to native people. The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) had reported seeing the largest buffalo herds in the region from present-day Great Falls to north of the area where the Rocky Boy Reservation is located. Little Bear was one of the principal Cree leaders who fought in the 1885 North-West Rebellion in Canada. He was accused of taking part in the Frog Lake Massacre, along with ogima Lucky Man. After the short conflict ended, Little Bear fled as a refugee from Canada back to Montana. Little Bear was said to be the instigator of the Frog Lake massacre in Frog Lake, Saskatchewan in 1885. Little Bear's involvement in the Frog Lake Massacre is the subject of the book, Blood Red The Sun, by William B. Cameron, among a handful of captives taken by the Cree band, which continued to elude Canadian law authorities. Cameron was a clerk for the Hudson Bay Company. He later testified on behalf of Little Bear's father, Big Bear, who attempted to stop his son and supporters from instigating the massacre. Cameron identified Little Bear as the leader of the massacre, in which a total of nine were killed, including clergy. Some contemporary writings blamed Wandering Spirit. Cameron was held hostage by the Little Bear Band for two months. Little Bear's band fled to Montana, but they were subject to deportation to Canada in 1896 by the U.S. Congress. The newspapers reported that the Little Bear Cree forced the U.S. Cavalry back to Havre, Montana and had returned to their homeland when the troops returned from Canada. There were two distinct rolls, the 1908 census of the Rocky Boy Band of Chippewa, was conducted near Helena, MT by Thralls B. Wheat, an allotting agent of the Department of the Interior. This was the only legal census of the Rocky Boy Band; it was supervised by Chief Rocky Boy. Neither Little Bear, nor members of his band appear on this roll. In 1914, Chief Rocky Boy was corresponding with Interior Secretary Franklin Lane, and expressed the Chippewa band's neutrality in the World War I conflict. He also wrote to President Woodrow Wilson, dated September 25, 1914, expressing the band's position. No Chippewa Cree tribe existed at the time; official correspondence refers only to Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewa Indians. Chief Big Rock enacted his own Chippewa council following Rocky Boy's death, consisting of Pat Raspberry, Standing Rock, Charles Mosney, and Crazy Boy. This council held a formal council and pipe ceremony in Great Falls with white supporters: writer Frank B. Linderman, Theodore Gibson, William Boles, and painter Charles M. Russell. By the start of the 20th century, Little Bear returned to Montana, his native country, and began to follow Rocky Boy. In 1905, Little Bear contacted Canadian leaders to request allowing the Cree from Montana to relocate to Canada. Officials agreed and the Cree settled primarily with the Onion Lake First Nation and the Samson First Nation (this reserve includes the Ermineskin, Louis Bull, and Montana First Nations). In 1908, Little Bear again contacted Canadian leaders requesting permission for more landless Chippewa and Cree to relocate from Montana to Canada. After the Rocky Boy Reservation was officially established in 1916, Little Bear followed Rocky Boy and his band there, bringing about 200 of his own people. He took over as leader of the new Reservation after Rocky Boy's death in 1916. Little Bear died in 1921. Ultimately Little Bear Cree and those descendants of the Riel Rebellion leaders made up 406 of the McLaughlin Roll. Only 45 of those who were on the 1908 Wheat roll managed to secure membership at the Rocky Boy's reservation, which had been authorized for Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewa Indians." <64th Congress>: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Act approved February eleventh, nineteen hundred and fifteen (Thirty-eighth Statutes at Large, page eight hundred and seven), entitled "An Act authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to survey the lands of the abandoned Fort Assinniboine Military Reservation and open the same to settlement," be, and the same is hereby, amended by the addition thereto of the following sections: "SEC. 10. That fractional townships twenty-eight north, ranges fifteen and sixteen east, and fractional townships twenty-nine north, ranges fourteen and fifteen east, Montana principal meridian, within the boundaries of said reservation, embracing a total area of approximately fifty-six thousand and thirty-five acres, are hereby set apart as a reservation for Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewas and such other homeless Indians in the State of Montana as the Secretary of the Interior may see fit to locate thereon, and the said Secretary is authorized, in his discretion, to allot the lands within the reservation hereby created under the provisions of the general allotment Act of February eighth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven (Twenty"fourth Statutes at Large, page three hundred and eighty-eight), as amended. Cree nativity to Montana is disputed by Chippewa who contend that during the negotiations of the treaties that encompass the area of Montana, the noted Smithsonian ethnologist, John C. Ewers found not a single member of Little Bear's band, who were now on the 1917 McLaughlin Roll of the US. Department of the Interior; were born in the treaty land cede area. Therefore, the U.S. Indian Claims Commission dismissed Cree treaty claims <Docket 191 221, U.S. Claims Commission>. Still further, the Canadian Council Privy attempted to work with U.S. authorities to exert authority to return the Little Bear Band to Canada, prior to the 1896 Act of Deportation. Rocky Boy (c.1852-d. 1916) Asiniweyin, more correctly called Stone Being. The true origin of Asiniweyin, he was born in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. He was a member of the Red Robe Band, Red Robe, or Moose Dung, was a signor of the 1864 Pembina Treaty. Other sources say he was born in Wisconsin and migrated to the Montana region in the 1880s. Rocky Boy claimed to be native to southwest Montana and may have lived in southern Idaho. He became a popular leader in the early 1900s among both the Chippewa and the European Americans. He managed to gain Executive Orders by United States presidents to set aside land for two Chippewa-Cree reservations in northeastern Montana. Rocky Boy died in 1916, before Congress officially established the Rocky Boy's Reservation. Some sources have speculated he was assassinated, including noted Smithsonian historian and expert on Plains tribal culture, John C. Ewers. Frank Bird Linderman's correspondence with Chippewa Chief Big Rock also indicated Big Rock explained not only Rocky Boy's assassination, but Big Rock's own son's were also assassinated by rival Cree in the Ft. Assiniboine area in the days after Chief Rocky Boy's death.<Linderman Papers, Plains Indian Museum, Browning, MT> Pennato: The brother of Rocky Boy, Pennato had suggested that the Fort Assinniboine Military Reservation become a new closed Chippewa-Cree Reservation. In December 1911, Pennato and 150 Chippewa fled the Babb Chippewa Reservation. (Source needed). With respect to enrollment in Rocky Boy, because the reservation was established by an Act of Congress for "Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewa Indians and such other homeless Indians," the language of the law was intended in 1908 by Chief Rocky Boy and Thralls B. Wheat, to leave the door to enrollment open to his brethren who were away on a hunt at the time of the Wheat Census. <Chippewa oral history of the Robert Gopher family>. The Chief Big Rock family were away as was often done, Chippewa bands separate during hunting excursions, hunting in western Montana. Because they were not directly enumerated in the Wheat census, Chief Rocky Boy inserted the language of the Act to include Big Rock's extended family. The language of the Act was not intended to include anyone other than the whole Rocky Boy band, and was limited to Big Rock's family. Ironically, Big Rock is listed on the 1917 McLaughlin census. Chief Big Rock's place of birth is listed as Red Lake, Minnesota. This is the true and legitimate successor to Chief Rocky Boy. Some oral history has indicated Big Rock was Chief Rocky Boy's brother, moreover, Chippewa have held Big Rock to be the main "ogemaw" and Rocky Boy was more of a spokesman to him, or a sub-chief. Only the present day Bearwalker family line are the living descendants of Chief Big Rock. After Little Bear took over the affairs of the soon to be established reservation, and the flight to Chief Mountain—Big Rock's family perished on Chief Mountain, from the combined effects of tuberculosis and starvation. Chief Rocky Boy had been under increased pressure to add the Cree and Metis to his rolls by government officials. Even after the reservation was to be created, in the spring of 1916, Frank Bird Linderman met with Chief Big Rock in northside, Great Falls, and other Chippewa tribesmen including Standing Rock, Pat Raspberry, Crazy Boy (Chief Rocky Boy's brother), and Charles Mosney. On his death bed, and his last letter to Frank B. Linderman, Rocky Boy stated "I don't know if I will ever see you again, Little Bear (referring to their inclusion, along with Metis led by Kennawash)... is trying to get them all in. It is up to my band of Chippewa Indians to let them in." Rocky Boy's understanding of the working of tribal sovereignty is correct. <Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832)>. There is a legal theoretical split, those that attempt to document and claim a Chippewa Cree identity, and the original descendants of Rocky boy's Chippewa band who reject these claims. Ethnologist John C. Ewers writes in Ethnological report on the Chippewa Cree tribe of the Rocky Boy Reservation and the Little Shell band of Indians / [by] John C. Ewers. History of the Cree Indian territorial expansion from the Hudson Bay area to the interior Saskatchewan and Missouri plains [by] Floyd W. Sharrock [and] Susan R. Sharrock. Ewers, John Canfield. Ethnological report on the Chippewa Cree tribe of the Rocky Boy Reservation and the Little Shell band of Indians / [by] John C. Ewers. History of the Cree Indian territorial expansion from the Hudson Bay area to the interior Saskatchewan and Missouri plains [by] Floyd W. Sharrock [and] Susan R. Sharrock Published New York : Garland Pub. Inc., 1974. The Chippewa view the Department of the Interior's mishandling of the 1908 roll, the raising of an illegal 1917 McLaughlin Roll, and the mismanaged Pembina judgments as overreaching paternalism roundly rejected by the majority of U.S. tribes into one tribe's affairs. Ewers wrote "it will be for courts to decide if a Chippewa Cree tribe existed prior to 1935," foretelling the contemporary conflict. To the trained ethnologist's eye, the writing was on the wall 40 years ago. Ewers also correctly predicted this matter would ultimately be decided on contentious terms, most likely the courts. The constitution provides for enrollment for a member of the "Chippewa Cree Tribe." Namely, the Constitution allows any Indian not otherwise enrolled in MT, to enroll," unofficially, it allows any Indian who has simultaneous enrollment in Canada to enroll <BIA Area Director Keith Beartusk> It unofficially provides for Cree blood quantum, even though the Cree tribe does not have a U.S. treaty. Band of Chippewa Council In late 2014, Glenn Gopher, an oral historian and enrolled member of the Blackfeet Tribe, of Great Falls, Duncan Standing Rock Sr., and Rocky Boy Jr. Slimjohn (Deceased: 02/16/2017), of White Swan, Washington, oversaw the effort of the Rocky Boy Band of Chippewa to assert their sovereignty in a historic return to self-government. Former members of the Business Committee had committed extensive embezzlement and were convicted of theft. The Chippewa people asserted that their sovereignty had been thwarted by extensive mismanagement by the Department of the Interior since historic times. The Chippewa have begun extensive efforts to reach out to the Billings Area office of the BIA to restore self-government. Under the Obama Administration's new Guardians Project, administered by the Department of Interior,, there had been increased enforcement through investigation and prosecution of crimes. The convictions of the Adoptee Business Committee resulted from such prosecution. The Chippewa people never approved the constitution as passed by the Business Committee. The constitution does not provide for specific Chippewa representation in the tribal electoral system. Chippewa are outnumbered on their own reservation by a 10:1 ratio. This threatens the political integrity of the band, and the Chippewa people are working to address it. intend to address. The Chippewa people are working to address enrollment and voting abuses on the reservation. Most recently, Fr. Pete Guthneck, a non-Indian honorary tribal member, voted in the tribal election, thereby invalidating the election. His standing was challenged by Jonathan Windy Boy, an adoptee who is not a direct descendant of the tribe. The Chippewa will enforce their right to conduct an audit after pervasive abuse of the tribal enrollment system, and the presence of outright fraud on the part of the Business Committee and the Interior agency who have colluded to strip the Chippewa people of sovereignty. The interim council consists of blood descendants of the Blackfeet Tribe, Browning, Montana, and of the original Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewa Indians, who will audit the largely adoptee roll. The proposed interim council consists of Glenn Gopher, Blackfeet Tribal member; Duncan Standing Rock Jr., Chippewa Cree Tribe; Blair Gopher, Blackfeet Tribal member; Delores Chippewa, Chippewa-Cree Tribe; Nora Nelson, Chippewa Cree Tribe; Barbara Standing Rock, Chippewa Cree Tribe; Melinda Gopher, Blackfeet Tribal member; and Calvin Twoteeth, Chippewa Cree Tribe (pending). See also Fort Assinniboine List of Indian reservations in the United States Bear Paw Ski Bowl Notes and references Rocky Boy Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Montana United States Census Bureau Further reading John Phillip Well-Off-Man, "The History of Chief Rocky Boy and His Band and the Founding of Rocky Boy Reservation", 2007, Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers, Scholar Works, University of Montana External links Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation official website Constitution & By-Laws of the Chippewa Cree Tribe Rocky Boy High School Rocky Boy Reservation Records (University of Montana Archives) Frank B. Linderman Memorial Collection, 1885-2005 (University of Montana Archives) Rocky Boy Tribal Self-Governance Collection, 1991-1995 (University of Montana Archives) Record of the Congressional Act establishing this reservation in 1916. Geography of Chouteau County, Montana Geography of Hill County, Montana American Indian reservations in Montana Landmarks in Montana Anishinaabe reservations and tribal-areas in the United States Ojibwe reserves and reservations Cree reserves and territories Ojibwe in Montana 1916 establishments in Montana Cree in Montana
Michele Cammarano (23 February 1835, Naples - 15 September 1920, Naples) was an Italian painter who was best known for his battle scenes, although he worked with a wide variety of subjects. Biography His grandfather was Giuseppe Cammarano, a painter and set-designer, and his father was Salvadore Cammarano, a famous opera librettist who wrote for Giuseppe Verdi. He enrolled at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli in 1853. Later, he studied with Gabriele Smargiassi, Giuseppe Mancinelli and the Palizzi brothers (Filippo and Giuseppe), painters in the Naturalistic style. He had his first exhibition in 1855 at the ""Real Museo Borbonico". In 1860, however, he became fascinated with Giuseppe Garibaldi and enlisted in the "Guardia Nazionale" to help eliminate the brigantaggio; a major step in the reunification of Italy. His experiences had a decisive influence on his artistic career. A brief stay in Florence after his service brought him into contact with the Macchiaioli, who also had some influence. In 1863, one of his paintings was purchased by King Victor Emmanuel II. In 1865, he moved to Rome then, in 1867, to Venice. In 1870, his admiration for Gustave Courbet led him to Paris. He was determined to meet Courbet, which he did and, while he was there, discovered the works of Théodore Géricault. In 1888, he was commissioned by the Italian government to create a monumental canvas depicting the Battle of Dogali (1887). After reading about the geography and local customs, he moved to Massawa to inspect the battle site in person and remained for almost five years to complete the painting. While there, he also created landscapes and portraits of the local people. In 1900, he was appointed to succeed his old teacher, Filippo Palizzi, as Professor at the Institute in Naples. After that, his productivity declined; although he made a few trips to Sicily to paint landscapes. A street in Naples has been named after him. Selected paintings References Further reading Franco Girosi, Michele Cammarano (#54 in the series L'Arte per Tutti), Istituto Nazionale LUCE., 1934 Michele Biancale, Michele Cammarano, Arti Grafiche Bertarelli, 1936 Paolo Ricci, Michele Cammarano, Exhibition catalog, Società Promotrice di Belle Arti, Salvator Rosa, 1959 External links ArtNet: More works by Cammarano. Tafter: "Recuperato dipinto di Cammarano trafugato in epoca nazista" (Painting recovered...stolen in Nazi era.) 1835 births 1920 deaths Painters from Naples War paintings 19th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 20th-century Italian painters 19th-century Italian male artists 20th-century Italian male artists
William H. Malone (1868 – May 10, 1917) was an American pre-Negro league pitcher in the late 1800s. A native of Detroit, Michigan, Malone began his professional career with the Philadelphia Pythians in 1887. In 1890, he posted a 13–5 record with a 2.74 ERA for the York Monarchs. Malone died in Saginaw, Michigan in 1917 at age 48 or 49. References External links and Seamheads 1868 births 1917 deaths Cuban Giants players New York Gorhams players 20th-century African-American people Baseball pitchers
Gmina Rychwał is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Rychwał, which lies approximately south of Konin and south-east of the regional capital Poznań. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 8,387 (out of which the population of Rychwał amounts to 2,377, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,010). Villages Apart from the town of Rychwał, Gmina Rychwał contains the villages and settlements of Biała Panieńska, Broniki, Czyżew, Dąbroszyn, Franki, Gliny, Grabowa, Grochowy, Jaroszewice Grodzieckie, Jaroszewice Rychwalskie, Kuchary Borowe, Kuchary Kościelne, Lubiny, Modlibogowice, Rozalin, Rybie, Siąszyce, Siąszyce Trzecie, Święcia, Wardężyn, Wola Rychwalska, Złotkowy and Zosinki. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Rychwał is bordered by the gminas of Grodziec, Mycielin, Rzgów, Stare Miasto, Stawiszyn and Tuliszków. External links Polish official population figures 2006 Rychwal Konin County
Nerinx Hall High School is a private Roman Catholic girls high school in Webster Groves, Missouri, and is part of the Archdiocese of St. Louis. History Nerinx Hall began with three pioneer women, Mary Rhodes, Ann Havern and Christina Stuart, who founded the Sisters of Loretto in 1812. The Nerinx Hall name is a tribute to Father Charles Nerinckx's work. As the country moved west, so did the Sisters of Loretto. From frontier Kentucky into the mid- and southwest United States, the Sisters continued their involvement in Catholic education. In 1924, Nerinx Hall began educating young women in the Lockwood family home in Webster Groves, Missouri, graduating its first class in May 1925. Over the years the school has grown in enrollment and physical facilities. Nerinx added a gym in 1947 and moved into the current red brick building in 1954. In 1993, Nerinx Hall returned to Lockwood House where the school had been founded. This historic home now houses a classroom and the bookstore, as well as departmental and administrative offices. In 1996, a new physics lab, media center, three classrooms and an elevator were added. The chemistry lab was also updated, and the library was expanded and renovated. In 2002, Nerinx Hall realized plans to "go green", with a biology lab renovation that included a new greenhouse for plant experimentation. In 2007, the school completed its largest expansion since the construction of the current school building in 1954. The 375-seat Heagney Theatre and the Knaup Family Student Commons were added to the campus at this time. A two-story classroom addition also brought a new music classroom and art lab spaces. The athletic field was also expanded and an artificial turf surface was installed. In 2012, Sr. Barbara Roche, SL announced her intention to retire after serving as the school's president for the past 26 years. The Board of Trustees named John Gabriel, principal of Ursuline Academy (New Orleans), as the school's first lay-president effective for the 2013-2014 school year. Purpose Nerinx Hall is grounded in the belief that educated, empowered and caring young women are vital to today's world and the future. In the four years a girl spends at Nerinx there are three main priorities: a woman must know herself and her world, diversity enriches while trust empowers, and all people are called to action. Extracurriculars Nerinx hosts a variety of extracurricular activities. Students are strongly encouraged to join clubs, teams, and participate in fine arts to enrich their interests and interact with peers and classmates. The 30 clubs focus on a variety of topics from academics to service to leadership. Nerinx, more commonly known in the athletic world as home of the Markers, offers thirteen sports for the young women to participate in: swimming, soccer, track & field, lacrosse, diving, softball, field hockey, volleyball, tennis, golf, cross country, basketball and racquetball. In the 2010-2011 school year the girls had many athletic achievements. The golf team received 7th place in state, the cross country team took 2nd at sectionals, the tennis doubles team qualified for state, cross country brought home 5th place at state, and the JV racquetball team won 1st place in the state tournament. In 2015 the cross country team took first in state. Heagney Theater The Heagney Theater was completed in the summer of 2007 and is the largest expansion project the school has seen since 1954. This addition to the school has four classrooms, a new music room, and a new theater. The theater seats 372 people and has an orchestra pit, scene shop and dressing rooms. The addition also holds two art labs and the fine arts department office. Notable people Alumni Lori Chalupny, member of the 2008 U.S. Women's Olympic Soccer Team Jenna Fischer, actress Mary Frann, actress Marsha Mason, actress Kathryn Jamboretz, news anchor Meghan King Edmonds, reality star Claire Kellett, local TV anchor for KMOV Colleen Quigley, middle-distance runner and 2016 Olympian in the 3000-meter steeplechase Faculty Jacqueline Grennan Wexler, Sister of Loretto and university president References External links AdvancEd Accreditation, advanc-ed.org Catholic Education Office, Archdiocese of St. Louis, archstl.org/schools Private School Review, privateschoolreview.com Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis Roman Catholic secondary schools in St. Louis County, Missouri Educational institutions established in 1924 Girls' schools in Missouri 1924 establishments in Missouri Buildings and structures in St. Louis County, Missouri
Bert Reid may refer to: Bert Reid (rugby union), see List of South Africa national rugby union players Bert Reid (musician), member of Raw Silk and Crown Heights Affair See also Bert Read (fl. 1895–1908), English footballer Bertie Reed (1943–2006), South African solo yachtsman Bert Reed (born 1988), American football player Bert Fraser-Reid (born 1934), Jamaican organic chemist Albert Reid (disambiguation) Albert Read (disambiguation) Albert Reed (disambiguation) Robert Reid (disambiguation) Robert Reed (disambiguation) Herbert Reed (disambiguation) Hubert Reed (disambiguation)
```elm module Internationalization.Types exposing (..) type alias TranslationSet = { english : String , portuguese : String } type Language = English \| Portuguese type TranslationId = About \| AboutJarbas \| AboutSerenata \| SearchFieldsetReimbursement \| SearchFieldsetCongressperson \| FieldsetSummary \| FieldsetTrip \| FieldsetReimbursement \| FieldsetCongressperson \| FieldsetCongresspersonProfile \| FieldsetCompanyDetails \| FieldsetCurrencyDetails \| FieldsetCurrencyDetailsLink \| FieldYear \| FieldDocumentId \| FieldApplicantId \| FieldTotalValue \| FieldTotalNetValue \| FieldNumbers \| FieldCongresspersonId \| FieldCongressperson \| FieldCongresspersonName \| FieldCongresspersonDocument \| FieldState \| FieldParty \| FieldTermId \| FieldTerm \| FieldSubquotaNumber \| FieldSubquotaDescription \| FieldSubquotaGroupId \| FieldSubquotaGroupDescription \| FieldCompany \| FieldCnpjCpf \| FieldDocumentType \| FieldDocumentNumber \| FieldDocumentValue \| FieldIssueDate \| FieldIssueDateStart \| FieldIssueDateEnd \| FieldIssueDateValidation \| FieldClaimDate \| FieldMonth \| FieldRemarkValue \| FieldInstallment \| FieldBatchNumber \| FieldPassenger \| FieldLegOfTheTrip \| FieldProbability \| FieldSuspicions \| FieldEmpty \| ReimbursementSource \| ReimbursementChamberOfDeputies \| ReceiptFetch \| ReceiptAvailable \| ReceiptNotAvailable \| RosiesTweet \| Map \| CompanyCNPJ \| CompanyTradeName \| CompanyName \| CompanyOpeningDate \| CompanyLegalEntity \| CompanyType \| CompanyStatus \| CompanySituation \| CompanySituationReason \| CompanySituationDate \| CompanySpecialSituation \| CompanySpecialSituationDate \| CompanyResponsibleFederativeEntity \| CompanyAddress \| CompanyNumber \| CompanyAdditionalAddressDetails \| CompanyNeighborhood \| CompanyZipCode \| CompanyCity \| CompanyState \| CompanyEmail \| CompanyPhone \| CompanyLastUpdated \| CompanyMainActivity \| CompanySecondaryActivity \| CompanySource \| CompanyFederalRevenue \| ResultTitleSingular \| ResultTitlePlural \| ReimbursementTitle \| Search \| NewSearch \| Loading \| PaginationPage \| PaginationOf \| ReimbursementNotFound \| SameDayTitle \| SameSubquotaTitle \| BrazilianCurrency String \| ThousandSeparator \| DecimalSeparator \| Suspicion String \| DocumentType Int ```
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 67 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 26 July to 8 August 1992. 30 boxers from 30 nations competed. Medalists Results The following boxers took part in the event: First round Michael Carruth (IRL) – BYE Maselino Tuifao (SAM) – BYE Andreas Otto (GER) def. Andrew Luis (GUY), 8:7 Mario Romero (NIC) def. Khyber Shah (PAK), 7:2 Pepe Reilly (USA) def. Victor Manuel Baute (ESP), RSC-3 Vitalijus Karpačiauskas (LTU) def. Andrey Pestryayev (EUN), 9:4 Arkhom Chenglai (THA) def. Yousef Khateri (IRN), 13:7 Nicodemus Odore (KEN) def. José Guzman (VEN), RSCH-2 Aníbal Santiago Acevedo (PUR) def. Harry Simon (NAM), 13:11 Stefen Scriggins (AUS) def. Francisco Moniz (ANG), 6:2 Adrian Dodson (GBR) def. Masashi Kawakami (JPN), RSC-3 Francisc Vaştag (ROM) def. Tajudeen Sabitu (NGR), 9:0 Sören Antman (SWE) def. Giovanni Pretorius (SAF), RSC-1 César Augusto Ramoz (DOM) def. Wieslaw Malyszko (POL), 6:1 Jun Jin-Chul (KOR) def. Abdellah Touane (MAR), 5:1 Juan Hernández Sierra (CUB) def. Said Bennajem (FRA), 6:0 Second round Michael Carruth (IRL) def. Maselino Tuifao (SAM), 11:2 Andreas Otto (GER) def. Mario Romero (NIC), RSCH-2 Vitalijus Karpačiauskas (LTU) def. Pepe Reilly (USA), 16:5 Arkhom Chenglai (THA) def. Nicodemus Odore (KEN), 13:10 Aníbal Santiago Acevedo (PUR) def. Stefen Scriggins (AUS), 16:3 Francisc Vaştag (ROM) def. Adrian Dodson (GBR), 6:5 Sören Antman (SWE) def. César Augusto Ramoz (DOM), RSC-2 Juan Hernández Sierra (CUB) def. Jun Jin-Chul (KOR), RSC-2 Quarterfinals Michael Carruth (IRL) def. Andreas Otto (GER), 35:22 Arkhom Chenglai (THA) def. Vitalijus Karpačiauskas (LTU), 9:6 Aníbal Santiago Acevedo (PUR) def. Francisc Vaştag (ROM), 20:9 Juan Hernández Sierra (CUB) dev. Sören Antman (SWE), RSCH-2 Semifinals Michael Carruth (IRL) def. Arkhom Chenglai (THA), 11:4 Juan Hernández Sierra (CUB) def. Aníbal Santiago Acevedo (PUR), 11:2 Final Michael Carruth (IRL) def. Juan Hernández Sierra (CUB), 13:10 References Welterweight
Abelater is a genus of click beetles, family Elateridae. Species There are at least extant 32 species: There is also one prehistoric species known from Baltic amber: See also List of click beetles of India References Elateridae genera Beetles of Asia
Villanova (; ) is a commune in the Corse-du-Sud department of France on the island of Corsica. Population See also Communes of the Corse-du-Sud department References Communes of Corse-du-Sud
RAE Systems, Inc., or RAE System by Honeywell, is a provider of wireless, gas and radiation detection instruments and systems that enable real-time safety and security threat detection to help mitigate risk, and protect workers, contractors, the public, and assets. RAE Systems is located in San Jose, California. The company was founded in 1991 by Robert I. Chen and Peter Hsi. The company's competitors include Ion Science Ltd, Mine Safety Appliances, Industrial Scientific Corporation, and Dräger. Some of its customers include BP, Chevron Corporation, and Total Petroleum in the energy sector; United States Air Force, United States Navy, and United States Department of Homeland Security in the government sector; DuPont and Formosa Plastics Corp in other industry sectors. History Robert I. Chen and Peter Hsi founded RAE Systems in 1991 to apply sensor technology to monitor toxic chemicals for environmental, industrial safety, energy, hazardous material (HazMat), emergency response, and government applications. The co-founders started the company after selling Applied Optoelectronic Technology Corporation, a manufacturer of computer-aided test systems, to Hewlett-Packard. In 2013, the company's detectors are used in 120 countries by industrial organizations, emergency responders, and government agencies. In April 2013, the company was acquired by Honeywell. Technology The company holds over 40 chemical sensor patents in the detection-sensor field, which include patents for photoionization, wireless, and radiation technologies. The company's offerings include wirelessly-enabled technologies for emergency response, national security, CBRNE agent detection, fire, and military end user applications. Also, the company has products for real-time detection of unseen threats such as radiation, chemical warfare agents (CWA), and toxic and combustible gases. With its photoionization technology, the company provides photoionization detector (PID) that can help safety professionals monitor and measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs), combustible gases and vapors, and toxic gases. With its wireless and radiation technologies, the company developed portable devices that are able to detect low-level radiation in real-time, as well as dosimeters that can detect dose rates and help protect industrial workers from radiation exposure. RAE Systems wireless gas detection systems enable incident commanders to extend monitoring capabilities and share critical data in real time as emergencies unfold. The company also incorporates wireless communication and data transmission capabilities into its offerings. In 2001, RAE Systems introduced its first wireless data transmission product. In the first quarter of 2012, the ProRAE Guardian was launched, enabling access to real-time data on toxic gases and radiation, combined with the physiological status and location of workers and emergency response teams. In January 2012, the company released its cloud-based service, called ProRAE Guardian CloudServer, for first responders to detect hazardous threats in real-time and to share gas and radiation data globally. This service helps emergency response teams shorten the time to analyze threats and make decisions. Industries The company serves five industries, including energy exploration and refining/oil and gas, industrial safety, national security, fire and HazMat, and the environmental market. The energy exploration and refining/oil and gas industry need process measurements and safety warning systems to deal with global industrial accidents, such as the 2010 catastrophic explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, and Total's Elgin platform gas leak that took place in March 2012. The company's monitors are utilized by energy companies for exploration, refining as well as downstream monitoring and safety. In the industrial safety market, there is an increasing awareness that long-term exposure to even very low concentrations of toxic or hazardous gases can adversely affect workers’ health. Companies and organizations need constant monitoring and detection solutions to measure the acceptable level of toxic gas exposure to personnel. In the oil and gas, industrial production, fire and HazMat, national security, and environmental industries, the company's products are deployed by first responders to improve public protection and reduce response times. In addition, the company's solutions, such as its AreaRAE wireless monitoring system, are used for risk mitigation, asset protection and worker safety by global organizations and sports venues such as the Super Bowl, World Series games, NBA championship, as well as Government conventions. The company's sensors were also deployed at the London 2012 Olympics and other international table tennis tournaments, where the International Table Tennis Federation (ITFF) asked RAE Systems to provide sensors to test paddles. References 1991 establishments in California 2013 mergers and acquisitions American companies established in 1991 Defense companies of the United States Honeywell Manufacturing companies based in San Jose, California Manufacturing companies established in 1991 Rebreather makers
Calegaro is an Italian silversmith and jewellery company founded in Padova, Italy in 1921. History Luigi Calegaro opened a laboratory in 1921 in Via del Santo, midtown Padova, and was one of its first jewellery and silversmith makers with hallmark 4PD. Business quickly developed and in 1968 a new location for production was chosen in Teolo, the area of Colli Euganei in the surrounding of Padova. It was under the guide of Luigi's son, Francesco Calegaro, that Company constantly grew making its name in the market. At present, the facility has a production complex of 12.000 m2 on a total area of 40.000 m2. Apart from its wide sterling silver and gold collection, Calegaro partners as a vendor for Luxury major Brands producing their exclusive designs. In 2010 some of these productions have been shown in the British Museum of London. Expansion In 2012 Calegaro opened its second boutique in Tehran, Iran. In 2016 the first collection for interior design has been presented featuring furniture in finest wood and sterling silver. External links British Museum Reference References Italian brands Italian jewellers Jewellery companies of Italy Silversmiths
Oriole Park (V) is the name used by baseball historians to designate the longest-lasting of several former major league and minor league baseball parks in Baltimore, Maryland, each one named Oriole Park. Terrapin Park A third major league, called the Federal League, began play in 1914, challenging established baseball clubs in several major league cities, as well as some of the larger minor league cities, of which Baltimore was one. Although the Federal League folded after the 1915 season, the league had a profound impact on the sport of baseball, much of that impact centered on Baltimore. The Terrapins, as the Baltimore Federal League club was called (a nickname associated with the University of Maryland since 1933), built their ballpark, Terrapin Park, on a wedge-shaped block bounded by 29th Street, York Road (later Greenmount Avenue), 30th Street, and the angling small alley-like Vineyard Lane (originally Gilmore Lane). The ballpark was located at . Home plate was toward the southwest corner, in the "vee" of the wedge-shaped block. The playing field was small by modern standards. The exact dimensions are not known with precision, but a Baltimore Sun item from May 2, 1935, indicates left field , center field (it was about 450 before the scoreboard was added), and right field . This location was directly across the street to the north from Oriole Park (IV), the home of the Baltimore Orioles of the minor International League. This was competition at its most direct, and the established Orioles suffered a drop in attendance so severe that owner Jack Dunn was compelled to sell the contracts of some of his best players, most notably the young left-hand pitching sensation Babe Ruth, who was sent to the Boston Red Sox, as was right-hand pitcher Ernie Shore. The Orioles were solvent again, but could not survive the competition. Dunn pulled the club out of Baltimore after the game of August 22. Although they were still listed as Baltimore in the standings, they staged their September home games in neutral sites such as Wilmington, Delaware. For 1915, Dunn settled the club in Richmond, Virginia, leaving the Terrapins as the sole professional baseball team in Baltimore. After the Federal League experiment had ended, Dunn created a new Baltimore Orioles club for the International League. Their previous ballpark had been demolished in favor of a Billy Sunday tabernacle. The Orioles arranged to take over the now-vacant property, Terrapin Park, and quickly renamed it the traditional name, Oriole Park (later retroactively labeled Oriole Park V). Of the new ballparks built by the "Feds", the longest-lasting has been Chicago's Wrigley Field, which was made of steel and concrete. Terrapin Park had been built primarily of wood. That decision would prove to be its undoing, but its eventual demise would boost Baltimore's chances of returning to the major leagues. Following the demise of the "Feds", the Baltimore professional baseball interests became a primary party in an antitrust legal suit filed against Major League Baseball and involving the Commissioner of Baseball. This resulted in the landmark 1922 U.S. Supreme Court decision, in Federal Baseball Club v. National League, that exempted baseball from antitrust laws. The fifth Oriole Park The new Orioles soon established themselves as a strong, competitive team. Their greatest success at this ballpark included winning seven consecutive International League championships from 1919 through 1925. On April 18, 1919, the Red Sox came through town on their way north from spring training, and played an exhibition game at Oriole Park. By now, Babe Ruth had become known as a great home run slugger as well as a top-level pitcher. In his old hometown's ballpark, Ruth put on a hitting exhibition the likes of which Baltimoreans (and most others) had never seen before, rocketing four home runs out of the ballpark, three of which were estimate to have traveled or more. In 1930, Oriole Park joined the growing ranks of minor league ballparks with lights for night games. The Orioles played a couple of exhibition games against major league teams, then staged their first International League night game on September 11. That year also saw a lot of excitement on the field, as Joe Hauser of the Orioles began hitting home runs at a record clip, eventually reaching 63, which surpassed Ruth's season high of 60 in 1927. Due to World War II travel restrictions, the 1944 Boston Red Sox held spring training at the park, rather than traveling to Florida. 1944 fire and aftermath This fifth Oriole Park was the club's home for the next 28½ seasons. The club was very conscious of the ballpark's potential as a firetrap. Great care was always taken to protect the aging wooden structure, such as hosing it down after games. But on the night of July 3, 1944, a fire of uncertain origin (speculated to have been a discarded cigarette) consumed the old ballpark and every object the team had on-site, including uniforms and trophies. All that was left standing were the outfield fences and the scoreboard. The club quickly arranged to make their temporary home in Municipal Stadium, the city's football field which had opened in 1922. Literally rising from the ashes, the Orioles went on to win the International League championship, and then the Junior World Series over Louisville of the American Association. The large post-season crowds that fall of 1944 at Municipal Stadium, which would not have been possible at the old wooden Oriole Park, caught the attention of the major leagues, and Baltimore soon became a viable option for struggling teams who were considering moving to other cities. Sources House of Magic, by the Baltimore Orioles. Green Cathedrals, by Phil Lowry. The Home Team, by James H. Bready. References External links Baltimore Sun photos of Terrapin / Oriole Park, including the fire Photos of Terrapin / Oriole Park site, then and now Defunct Major League Baseball venues Sports venues in Baltimore Baseball venues in Maryland Federal League venues Boston Red Sox spring training venues Burned buildings and structures in the United States Defunct sports venues in Maryland
The 2010 season was Gyeongnam FC's fifth season in the K-League in South Korea. Gyeongnam FC is competing in K-League, League Cup and Korean FA Cup. Current squad K-League Championship Korean FA Cup League Cup Group stage Knockout stage Squad statistics Appearances and goals Statistics accurate as of match played 20 November 2010 Top scorers Discipline Transfer In Out References Gyeongnam FC website South Korean football clubs 2010 season 2010
Frederick Benjamin Carlin (27 July 1912 – 7 March 1981) was an Australian adventurer who was the first person to circumnavigate the world in an amphibious vehicle. Born in Northam, Western Australia, Carlin attended Guildford Grammar School in Perth, and later studied mining engineering at the Kalgoorlie School of Mines. After qualifying as an engineer, he worked on the Goldfields before emigrating to China in 1939 to work in a British coal mine. In World War II, Carlin was posted to the Indian Army Corps of Engineers, serving in India, Italy, and throughout the Middle East. After his discharge from service in 1946, he emigrated to the United States with his American wife, Elinore (née Arone). Sparked by an idea he had whilst in the military, Carlin proposed that the couple honeymoon by crossing the Atlantic Ocean in a modified Ford GPA (an amphibious version of the Ford GPW Jeep), which they named the Half-Safe. Beginning their trip in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the Carlins finally completed the transatlantic crossing in 1951 after unsuccessful attempts. From there, they travelled to Europe, temporarily settling in Birmingham to raise more money. They resumed their journey in 1954, travelling overland through the Middle East before arriving in Calcutta. After a short fundraising trip to Australia, Carlin's wife left to return to the United States. He resumed the journey with new partners, travelling through South-East Asia and the Far East to the northern tip of Japan, and then to Alaska. After an extended tour through the United States and Canada, he and Half-Safe returned to Montreal, having travelled over by sea and by land during the ten-year journey. Following Carlin's death in 1981, Half-Safe was acquired by Guildford Grammar, his old school, where it remains on display. Early life and military service Frederick Benjamin Carlin was born on 27 July 1912, in Northam, Western Australia, a town in the state's Wheatbelt. His mother, Charlotte Amelia Bramwell, died when he was four, and he was raised by his father, Frederick Cecil Carlin, who was an electrical engineer employed with the Western Australian Government Railways. At the age of ten, Carlin was sent to board at Guildford Grammar School in Perth. Leaving school in 1929, he enrolled at the School of Mines in Kalgoorlie, where he studied mining engineering. Once he had qualified as an engineer, he worked for a period of time in the surrounding Goldfields region. However, in 1939, he moved to Peking, China, to work for a British coal mining company. Upon the outbreak of World War II, Carlin enlisted in the Indian Army. Before leaving for India, he married Gertrude Plath, a German citizen who had been living in China with her aunt and uncle. The couple wed on 20 April 1940, at Tientsin, although they separated before the end of the war. Having originally enlisted at Shanghai, Carlin was later posted to the Madras Sappers in the Indian Army Corps of Engineers. In August 1941, he was promoted to the position of second lieutenant, as part of a number of "emergency commissions" made at the start of the conflict. During the war, Carlin served in India, Iraq, Persia, Palestine, Syria, and Italy, and by the conflict's end had been promoted to the rank of major. Towards the end of the war, he met an American Red Cross nurse, Elinore Arone, who was originally from Boston. On his discharge from service in 1946, the couple moved to Maryland, where they married in June 1948. Circumnavigation Half-Safe and early preparation Throughout the war, the Allies had made use of a number of different varieties of amphibious vehicle. One of the more commonly used was the Ford GPA, a modified version of the Ford GPW Jeep (also known as a "Seep"). In India, towards the end of the war, Carlin had noticed a GPA in an army vehicle lot. To the mockery of his fellow engineers, he suggested that the vehicle could be used to take him around the world, supposedly remarking: "with a bit of titivation, you could go around the world in one of those things". This idea remained with Carlin after his marriage, and he proposed to his wife that the couple honeymoon by crossing the Atlantic Ocean in a modified GPA. After a considerable amount of trouble, the Carlins managed to purchase a 1942 Ford GPA (serial number 1239) from a government auction in Washington, D.C., for US$901 (). The vehicle had originally been manufactured at Ford's plant in River Rouge, Michigan, one of 12,778 built during the war. He originally tried to convince Ford to sponsor his proposed trip, but the company refused, believing the craft would not make the journey. The vehicle required a number of modifications to make it seaworthy, including the addition of a more boat-like bow, a rudder, a larger cabin, and two extra fuel tanks – one at the bow and one under the "belly" of the craft, at the stern. Inside the cabin, a bunk was installed, and the dash was modified to include aircraft instruments, as well as a two-way radio (including a 19-set transmitter and receiver). In total, the vessel's length was extended by three feet to , and the fuel capacity to 200 gallons (760 L) from the original 12 gallons (45 L). The construction of the under-belly fuel tank allowed it to be jettisoned when empty, reducing further its full weight of three long tons (6,720 lb or 3,048 kg). The vessel was christened Half-Safe, after the slogan of Arrid, a deodorant brand – "Don't be half-safe – use Arrid to be sure". Failure of first attempts The couple began testing their craft in 1947, and experienced problems with carbon monoxide removal, with the vessel's enclosed structure potentially increasing the risks of carbon monoxide poisoning. The Carlins chose Montreal as the official starting point of their circumnavigation attempt. They set out from the city in late 1947 for New York City, where they were to launch Half-Safe for the first time, with the intention of crossing the Atlantic via the Azores. A trial run was made in early January 1948, watched by "crowds of sceptical waterside workers". The couple's first attempt to complete the transatlantic crossing occurred on 16 June 1948, launching from New York Harbor. Cheered on by "100 amazed wharf labourers", they were first washed up-river by a strong tide, but then made their way out into the Atlantic at a speed of five knots. The Carlins failed to maintain radio contact, prompting a search by the United States Coast Guard. The craft was eventually landed five days after its departure, south of New York City near the Shark River Inlet in New Jersey. The couple had experienced problems with the steering gear and rudder, which made the vessel unable to steer at sea unless the wheel was constantly manned. With Half-Safe sailed back to New York, the Carlins commenced their journey for a second time on 3 July, but were once again forced back to shore a few days later, this time after nearly being asphyxiated due to a cracked exhaust pipe. A third attempt was made in late July, but was again not successful due to the mechanical troubles and heavy seasickness the Carlins experienced. The Carlins set out for a fourth time in early August, and progressed further, being sighted several days after their launch by an American destroyer almost off of New York. However, the couple soon lost radio contact, prompting Pan-American Airways to direct their crews to search for their craft. Half-Safe and the Carlins were rescued approximately off New York by the oil tanker New Jersey, bound for Halifax, Nova Scotia. Seven days into the voyage, a propeller bearing had welded itself fast due to lack of lubrication, leaving the vessel to drift aimlessly for a further ten days without means of steering it or navigating. According to a message Carlin radioed from the tanker to his friends in New York, the couple "drifted and fished", enjoying a "pleasant life, cheaper than Atlantic City". At the time of the couple's rescue, he considered abandoning the entire voyage, but was convinced to continue by the tanker's Norwegian captain, who greeted Carlin with the words: "Hell, you're not going to leave that god-damned Jeep lying around?!" Transatlantic crossing The Carlins' fourth failed attempt in two months led them to abandon the project for a period of time in order to raise more money. With the New Jersey arriving in Halifax two weeks after their rescue, Carlin took up a position with a local marine salvage firm, while his wife returned to her family in Boston, and worked in a law office. One final attempt was considered in November 1948, but postponed due to the approaching winter weather, with Half-Safe stored in a Halifax garage. In mid 1949, the couple began to ready Half-Safe for a further attempt at the crossing. Testing in late August revealed a burnt-out clutch, which was repaired, and Carlin recognised the need for much larger amounts of fuel. To achieve this extra capacity, two fuel tanks were tied behind Half-Safe, painted bright yellow to aid visibility from the air. Further alterations were also made to the craft's superstructure, and extra stabilising rudders were added. The Carlins launched again in early September 1949. When the vessel was off shore, both of the auxiliary fuel tanks were lost, necessitating return to Halifax. Carlin almost decided to abandon the journey and liquidate Half-Safe, but was convinced by his wife to continue. Over the following six months, the Carlins again made modifications to their vessel, with the most important being a large, purpose-built tank that was to be towed behind the craft. This increased the total fuel capacity of Half-Safe to 735 gallons (3,337 L), with the vessel also carrying 30 gallons (136 L) of water, eight gallons (36 L) of oil, and six weeks' worth of provisions. The couple left Halifax on 19 July 1950, and, after a 32-day voyage, arrived on Flores, the most westerly island of the Azores. Their landing was well-received, with LIFE featuring the crossing in a multiple-page article later that year, which also featured many of the Carlins' photographs. However, the journey had not occurred without mishap – Carlin was forced to remove the cylinder head several times in order to clean the carbon from the valves and replace the head gasket, and the couple lost radio contact halfway through the voyage, leading to fears they had been lost at sea. From Flores, the couple progressed to Horta on the island of Faial, a distance of . They then travelled to Madeira, having obtained surplus fuel from a passing Portuguese cruiser midway through the trip. Although originally expected to head directly to Lisbon from Madeira, the couple instead chose to head for Morocco via the Canary Islands, coming ashore at Cap Juby in the Spanish territory of Rio de Oro on 23 February 1951. From Cap Juby, the Carlins drove north through the coastal regions of Morocco to Europe. The hot daytime temperatures, which reportedly reached within the vehicle's cabin, necessitated that Half-Safe be driven exclusively at night. The vehicle reached Casablanca, French Morocco, on 16 March 1951, and the British territory of Gibraltar in mid April, after it was sailed across the Straits of Gibraltar. From there, the Carlins drove through a number of European countries, where they engaged in sight-seeing before sailing across the English Channel and concluding the first part of their journey in Birmingham, where they arrived on 1 January 1952. Europe and the Middle East Tired, weary, and lacking in money, the Carlins decided to remain in England to rest and recuperate. Throughout the journey from Nova Scotia to the Azores, both Carlin and his wife had suffered from severe hallucinations, including one instance where he had jerked awake to find himself 60° off course. Another important objective of their time in Britain was to repair Half-Safe, which had sustained large amounts of damage during the crossing, not least from Hurricane Charlie, which battered the vessel whilst it was amongst the islands of Macaronesia. The repairs to the craft were accomplished with the help of RAF Group Captain Malcolm Bunting, who had served alongside Carlin in India. To raise money for the continuation of the journey, Half-Safe was exhibited in department stores throughout Europe. During this time, Carlin also completed Half Safe: Across the Atlantic by Jeep, a book chronicling the first half of their journey, which sold 32,000 copies and was translated into five languages. The book was generally well received, with a reviewer in The Montreal Gazette describing Carlin as "an adventurer of the old school – full of the explorer's instinct, and with a dry wit that makes his story an odd mixture of high-adventure and real understatement". The Carlins set out again in early 1955, arriving in France on 22 April 1955. The vehicle continued through Switzerland, northern Italy, and Yugoslavia, where in May 1955, it was reported that Half-Safe had had its first flat tire, whilst travelling through Belgrade. The Carlins then continued through Greece and Turkey, sailing across the Bosphorus to Asia Minor, before progressing through Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan to Calcutta, India. Carlin later noted: "the 2000 miles across the Atlantic from Nova Scotia to the Azores were in many ways much less worrying than a similar distance covered on murderous roads in Persia". At Calcutta, the Carlins decided to transport Half-Safe to Australia via steamer. At the start of his voyage, Carlin had said he would not travel to Australia or New Zealand, because petrol was "too dear" there. However, a lack of funding meant the side trip was necessary. The trip also allowed Carlin to meet with his family, who still lived in Perth – his brother, Tom Carlin, had become a captain in the Royal Australian Navy, and was actively involved in nuclear weapons testing on the Montebello Islands in 1952, as part of Operation Hurricane. Far East and return to North America Half-Safe'''s Australian tour began in late October 1955 in Perth, where Carlin grew up, and included a tour of his old school, Guildford Grammar. The Carlins then went to Adelaide, and subsequently progressed to Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane. Half-Safe was returned to Calcutta on a steamship in January 1956; however, Elinore, Carlin's wife, left the trip in Australia, having tired of the long travel and the constant seasickness she was experiencing. Carlin continued his journey alone, with the first leg consisting of a sea voyage from Calcutta to Akyab, Burma, across the Bay of Bengal. At Akyab, he was joined by Barry Hanley, another Australian. The two met on Burma's coast in late February 1956, and from there crossed the Arakan Yoma mountain ranges to the Irrawaddy River, where the vehicle was bogged down in mud for two days. After extricating Half-Safe from the mire, the pair progressed to Rangoon, arriving on 11 March. From Burma, Half-Safe was driven overland to Bangkok, Thailand, and from there to Saigon, on the coast of Indochina. From there, Carlin and Hanley set out to sail from Indochina to Japan, passing through several ports and islands in the South China Sea. Upon his arrival in Hong Kong in early May 1956, Carlin was "mobbed by autograph-seeking girls", having been delayed on his voyage by engine trouble and headwinds in the South China Sea. He arrived in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in early June, and from there travelled to Keelung on the northern tip of Taiwan, and Okinawa, part of the American-administered Ryukyu Islands. Carlin and Hanley drove ashore at Kagoshima Prefecture at the southern tip of Japan in July 1956, and from there drove overland to Tokyo. Hanley returned to Australia at this stage, while Carlin rested in Japan, again performing much-needed repairs. An American journalist for The Japan Times, Boyé Lafayette de Mente, offered to accompany Carlin on the journey from Japan to Alaska, departing in early 1957 for the first stage of the trip from Tokyo to Wakkanai, Hokkaidō. The pair left Tokyo on 1 May 1957 to great fanfare, cheered off from the Mainichi and Yomiuri Newspaper buildings. The craft sprang a leak while crossing the Tsugaru Strait, separating the southern island of Honshu from Hokkaidō, and collided with submerged rocks near the port of Muroran. They reached Wakkanai on 12 June 1957, despite what de Mente later described as Carlin's aggression and "irascible character" during the trip. Carlin's aim was to travel directly from Wakkanai to Shemya, a small island in the Near Islands group of the Semichi Islands chain, part of the Aleutian Islands running southwest of the Alaskan mainland. The craft was carrying enough fuel to last for approximately 21 days, but did not make contact within this time, causing the US Coast Guard's search and rescue station to be notified. Half-Safe landed on Shemya on 8 July, with the pair having made an unexpected detour to visit the town of Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula, at the time part of the Russian SFSR. From Shemya, Carlin and de Mente sailed to Adak Island, a distance of , then a further to Cold Bay, and thence along the Aleutian island chain to the mainland town of Homer, arriving in late August."Phoenix Man, Australian Head for Homer, Alaska " – Prescott Evening Courier. Published 19 August 1957. Carlin and de Mente then drove Half-Safe overland to Anchorage, where de Mente flew home to Phoenix. He would go on to write Once a Fool: From Tokyo to Alaska by Amphibious Jeep, a detailed account of his experiences with Carlin and Half-Safe, as well as becoming a prolific author on topics relating to Mesoamerica and East Asia, publishing over 100 books. Carlin subsequently drove solo to Seattle, arriving in early November 1957. Whilst travelling the Alaska Highway in British Columbia, he encountered the collapsed Peace River Suspension Bridge. While other motorists queued for a nearby ferry, Carlin simply drove Half-Safe into the river and across to the other side. Continuing on to San Francisco, where he met his wife for the first time in two years, Carlin then continued onwards through the United States and north to Canada. He arrived in Toronto, on 10 May 1958, and three days later arrived in Montreal, completing his ten-year journey. He and Half-Safe had travelled by sea and by land over ten years, passing through 38 countries and over two oceans, with the entire trip costing him around $35,000."Nears End Of Journey. " – The Calgary Herald. Published 14 May 1958. Later life and legacy After the conclusion of the trip, Half-Safe remained in the United States, where it was occasionally exhibited by Carlin's friend George Calimer, who was a co-owner of the vehicle. Carlin remained in the country for a period, appearing on the lecture circuit, before returning to Perth, where he took up residence in Cottesloe. Having divorced his second wife Elinore by December 1955, Carlin wed for a third time on 1 June 1963 in the United States, marrying Cynthia Henderson. Although the couple's marriage was short-lived, the union produced one daughter, Deirdre Scott Carlin, who was born in March 1964. Carlin died in Perth in March 1981, of a heart attack, and was cremated at Karrakatta Cemetery. His second wife, Elinore, who completed the first half of his journey alongside him, died in 1996 in New York City. Carlin left his share in Half-Safe to his old school, Guildford Grammar, as well as a sizeable endowment for the purposes of funding a scholarship. He had previously offered the craft to the Western Australian Maritime Museum, which declined the offer due to a lack of exhibition space. The Guildford Grammar School Foundation subsequently purchased the other share in the vehicle, transferring it to the school's campus in Guildford, Western Australia. The school also posthumously published The Other Half of Half-Safe, which detailed the second portion of Carlin's journey. In 1999, the craft was transported by truck across Australia to Corowa, New South Wales, where it featured in an annual celebration on the Murray River, along with 16 other amphibious vehicles from the Second World War. Half-Safe'' is currently exhibited in a specially-made glass enclosure at Guildford Grammar's main campus. Money from Carlin's estate was used to found the Charlotte Carlin Scholarship (named for his mother), awarded for "the proficiency of the English language with the avoidance of clichés". Guinness World Records recognises Carlin as having completed the "first and only circumnavigation by an amphibious vehicle". References Further reading 1912 births 1981 deaths Australian expatriates in China Australian expatriates in the United States Australian sailors Australian writers British Indian Army officers Burials at Karrakatta Cemetery Circumnavigators of the globe Indian Army personnel of World War II Maritime writers Australian mining engineers People educated at Guildford Grammar School People from Northam, Western Australia
Aegae or Aigai (), also Aegeae or Aigeai (Αἰγέαι) was the original capital of the Macedonians, an ancient kingdom in Emathia in northern Greece. The city was also the burial-place of the Macedonian kings, the dynasty which sprang from the Temenid Perdiccas. It was built on a commanding and picturesque site near the modern town of Vergina. The seat of government was afterwards transferred to the marshes of Pella, which lay in the plain beneath the ridge through which the Lydias forces its way to the sea. But the old capital always remained the "hearth" (ἑστία, Diod. Excerpt. p. 563) of the Macedonian kingdom and the burial place for their kings. The body of Alexander the Great was to have reposed at Aegae, where his father Philip II of Macedon fell by the hand of Pausanias of Orestis but it was taken to Memphis through the intrigues of Ptolemy I Soter. The recently excavated palace is considered to be not only the biggest but, together with the Parthenon, the most significant building of classical Greece. In 1996, the archaeological site of Aigai was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List because of its monumental significance in Western civilization and exceptional architecture. Tomb of Philip II at Aegae (Vergina) In 1977, Greek archaeologist Manolis Andronikos started excavating the Great Tumulus at Aegae and found that two of the four tombs in the tumulus were undisturbed since antiquity. Moreover, these two, and particularly Tomb II, contained fabulous treasures and objects of great quality and sophistication. Although there was much debate for some years, Tomb II has been shown to be that of Philip II as indicated by many features, including the greaves, one of which was shaped consistently to fit a leg with a misaligned tibia (Philip II was recorded as having broken his tibia). Also, the remains of the skull show damage to the right eye caused by the penetration of an object (historically recorded to be an arrow). The most recent research gives further evidence that Tomb II contains the remains of Philip II. See also List of ancient Greek cities References Populated places in ancient Macedonia Former populated places in Greece Cities in ancient Macedonia Capitals of former nations Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Macedonia (Greece) Bottiaea
WBSL may refer to: WBSL-FM, a radio station (91.7 FM) licensed to Sheffield, Massachusetts, United States WMEJ, a radio station (1190 AM) licensed to Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, United States, which held the call sign WBSL from 1988 to 2009
Bellator 266: Davis vs. Romero was a mixed martial arts event produced by Bellator MMA that took place on September 18, 2021, at the SAP Center in San Jose, California, United States. Background Former UFC middleweight title contender Yoel Romero made his Bellator debut against Phil Davis, another former UFC contender, at this event. Romero, 44, was slated to debut for the promotion in the first round of their light heavyweight tournament against Anthony Johnson in May, but was forced to withdraw due to a medical issue concerning his eye. The co-main event featured a bout between #4 ranked Welterweight Neiman Gracie and Mark Lemminger. A women's flyweight bout between Alejandra Lara and DeAnna Bennett was scheduled for Bellator 263. The bout was rescheduled for unknown reasons to take place at Bellator 265. On August 13, it was announced that the bout was moved once again, this time to this event. A lightweight bout between Adam Piccolotti and Saul Rogers was scheduled for this event. However, Piccolotti pulled out of the bout due to unknown reasons and was replaced by Georgi Karakhanyan. Bantamweight bouts between Socrates Hernandez and Pedro Juarez and Erik Gunha versus Bobby Soronio III were scheduled for the event; however Juarez and Gunha pulled out their respective bouts so Hernandez and Soronio III instead faced each other. Eddie Abasolo was scheduled to face Art Hernandez in a 160 pounds catchweight bout, but Hernandez did not make weight. Therefore, Abasolo did not weigh in and the bout was scrapped. At the weigh-ins, DeAnna Bennett missed weight for her bout. Bennett weighed in at 129.2 pounds, 3.2 pounds over the flyweight non-title fight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight and Bennett was fined a percentage of her purse which went to her opponent Alejandra Lara. Results Reported payout The following is the reported payout to the fighters as reported to the California State Athletic Commission. It is important to note the amounts do not include sponsor money, discretionary bonuses, viewership points or additional earnings. The total disclosed payout for the event was $778,800. MAIN CARD (10 p.m. E.T., Showtime) Phil Davis: $100,000 def. Yoel Romero: $150,000 Neiman Gracie: $100,000 def. Mark Lemminger: $40,000 DeAnna Bennett: $38,600 (includes $17,000 win bonus, $5,400 deduction) def. Alejandra Lara: $27,700 ($2,700 from Bennett) Saul Rogers: $80,000 (includes $40,000 win bonus) def. Georgi Karakhanyan: $35,000 Ben Parrish: $20,000 (includes $10,000 win bonus) def. Christian Edwards: $30,000 PRELIMS (7 p.m. E.T., YouTube/PlutoTV) Alex Polizzi: $36,000 (includes $18,000 win bonus) def. Grant Neal: $16,000 Anthony Adams: $40,000 (includes $20,000 win bonus) def. Khalid Murtazaliev: $33,000 Robert Seronio III: $3,000 (includes $1,500 win bonus) def. Socrates Hernandez: $2,000 Abraham Vaesau: $6,000 (includes $3,000 win bonus) def. Albert Gonzales: $3,000 Shane Keefe: $3,000 (includes $1,500 win bonus) def. Rhalan Gracie: $5,000 Edwin De Los Santos: $3,000 (includes $1,500 win bonus) def. Jonathan Adams: $1,500 Jesse Delgado: $4,000 (includes $2,000 win bonus) def. Joshua Dillon: $2,000 See also 2021 in Bellator MMA List of Bellator MMA events List of current Bellator fighters Bellator MMA Rankings References Events in San Jose, California Bellator MMA events 2021 in mixed martial arts September 2021 sports events in the United States 2021 in sports in California Mixed martial arts in California Sports competitions in California
Kureyşler Dam is a dam in Kütahya Province, Turkey, built between 1993 and 2001. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works. See also List of dams and reservoirs in Turkey References DSI directory, State Hydraulic Works (Turkey), Retrieved December 16, 2009 Dams in Kütahya Province
This is a list of all female winners in FIS Alpine Ski World Cup from 1967 to present. The list includes all downhill, super-G, giant slalom, slalom, combined and parallel/city events, but does not show team events. Disciplines were introduced in World Cup: downhill, giant slalom and slalom in 1967; Combined and parallel slalom in 1975; super-G in 1982, super combined in 2006 and renamed to alpine combined in 2015. Winners Last updated: 28 October 2023 Katharina Gutensohn, who performed as Katrin under Austria achieved her total of eight world cup victories under three different flags: Austria (4), West Germany (2) and Germany (2). Michaela Gerg-Leitner achieved total of four world cup victories under two different flags: West Germany (3) and Germany (1). Christina Meier achieved total of two world cup victories under two different flags: West Germany (1) and Germany (1). Consecutive seasons with at least one win Records Statistics Milestones First to win 10 races in one event: Annemarie Moser-Pröll (downhill) First to win 20 races in one event: Annemarie Moser-Pröll (downhill) First to win 30 races in one event: Annemarie Moser-Pröll (downhill) First to win 40 races in one event: Lindsey Vonn (downhill) First to win 50 races in one event: Mikaela Shiffrin (slalom) First to win 10 races in two events: Annemarie Moser-Pröll (downhill and giant slalom) First to win 20 races in two events: Vreni Schneider (slalom and giant slalom) First to win 30 races in two events: pending First to win 40 races in two events: pending First to win races in three events: Nancy Greene (downhill, slalom and giant slalom) First to win races in four events: Annemarie Moser-Pröll (downhill, slalom, giant slalom and combined) First to win races in five events: Petra Kronberger (downhill, super G, slalom, giant slalom and combined) First to win races in six events: Mikaela Shiffrin (downhill, super G, slalom, giant slalom, combined and parallel slalom) First to win 10 races in three events: pending First to win 5 races in four events: pending First to win 5 races in all five events: pending External links FIS-ski.com – official results for FIS alpine World Cup events Women's race winners World Cup women's race winners Lists of female skiers FIs
Poul Larsen (August 21, 1916 – July 15, 1990) was a Danish sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1930s. He won a bronze in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1938 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Vaxholm. Larsen also competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin in the K-1 1000 m event, but did not advance to the final. References Sports-reference.com profile 1916 births 1990 deaths Canoeists at the 1936 Summer Olympics Danish male canoeists Olympic canoeists for Denmark ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
Sri Lankan Tamils in India mainly refer to Tamil people of Sri Lankan origin in India and non-resident Sri Lankan Tamil. They are partly who migrated to India and their descendants and mostly refugees from Sri Lanka because of the concluded Sri Lankan Civil War. In general socio economically they are living below poverty line, except few people who settled in India during early times, rich businessmen, and professionals. In Tamil Nadu they are also known as Ceylon Tamils or '''Jaffna Tamils. History Early arrivals During 19th century and early 20th century some Sri Lankan Tamils especially from Jaffna migrated or settled in India for various reasons such as education, employment in the British Indian government, business and other reasons. Among them were Hensman family, who migrated to Chennai from Jaffna during late 19th century. 1960s In 1948, immediately after the country's independence, a controversial law labelled the Ceylon Citizenship Act was passed in the Sri Lankan parliament which deliberately discriminated against the Tamils of South Indian origin, whose ancestors had settled in the country in the 19th and 20th centuries. This act made it virtually impossible for them to obtain citizenship and over 700,000 Tamils (consisting of up to 11% of the country's total population) were made stateless. In 1964, a pact was signed between Bandaranaike and the then Indian Prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri to repatriate much of the population of the stateless Tamils. Over the next 30 years, successive Sri Lankan governments were actively engaged in deporting over 300,000 Tamils back to India. It wasn't until 2003, after a state-sponsored pogrom against Tamils and a full-scale civil war, that Indian Tamils were granted citizenship but by this time, their population had dwindled to just 5% of the country's population. Tamils repatriated to India were assimilated with location population after taking Indian Citizenships, except a few pockets in Tamil Nadu, where they are still called as Ceylon Tamils. Most of the Tamils, who were repatriated, settled in various parts of Tamil Nadu, while a few hundred families have settled in Punalur taluk of Kollam district in Kerala, and in Sulya and Puttur taluks of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka where a majority of them work in tea and rubber plantations. 1980s Following the events of the Black July riots, and later the outbreak of the Sri Lankan Civil War, tens of thousands Sri Lankan Tamil refugees arrived in Tamil Nadu in four waves. The first wave on 24 July 1983, after Black July, to the 29 July 1987 up until the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, 134,053 Sri Lankan Tamils arrived in India. The first repatriation took place after the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord in 1987 and between 24 December 1987 and 31 August 1989, 25,585 refugees and non-camp Sri Lankan nationals returned to Sri Lanka. The second wave began with the start of Eelam War II after 25 August 1989, where 122,000 Sri Lankan Tamils came to Tamil Nadu. On 20 January 1992, after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi 54,188 refugees were voluntarily repatriated to Sri Lanka, until March 1995. Eelam War III commenced in April 1995 starting the third wave or refugees. By 12 April 2002, nearly 23,356 refugees had come to Tamil Nadu. The flow of refugees had stopped in 2002 because of the cease fire agreement. Demographics Sri Lankan Tamils in India number in the hundreds of thousands, mostly in the state of Tamil Nadu, the closest state to Sri Lanka and the easiest to get to. There is also a considerable amount in the state of Kerala with around 700 refugee families. There are also a number of Sri Lankan Tamils in the eastern regions of Orissa, Karnataka and Pondicherry. Highest number of Sri Lankan Tamil families living in KK Nagar, Thuvakudi in Trichirapalli, Neelankarai, Valasaravakkam in Chennai, Nagercoil in Kanniyakumari, R.S puram, Valparai in Coimbatore. Refugees The Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in Tamil Nadu have three different kinds of shelter. The first is the camp refugees or those who took shelter in camps mostly located in the rural areas. They were sent from the Mandapam transit camp to different locations. The second group is non-camp refugees are those living in tented house with relatives and friends without any assistance from the government. Nearly fifty thousand refugees lived outside camps; most of them are staying in big cities. The third group consisted of those who supposedly posed security threats since they were involved in subversive activities in Sri Lanka. They were sent to special camps where they had to live under constant surveillance. These special camps came into existence in 1991. The camps When the first wave of refugees entered India in 1983, they were divided into three groups. Besides the camp and non-camp refugees, there were the militants in special camps. The Government of Tamil Nadu had to welcome the refugees in the emergency situation. The Indian government did not like to send the refugees to other states because of the language barriers. India's continued refusal to sign protocols and also the ban on NGOs prevent any international help from reaching the refugees. There are nearly 80,000 refugees 132 camps in Tamil Nadu and one in Orissa. All refugee camps are registered. This entitles them to government assistance-cash, shelter, health facilities, clothing and provision of essential items. The refugees from Sri Lanka have been the recipients of one of the most advanced systems of education in the world, but since 1991, this privilege has been withdrawn. Refugees also have strict restrictions on their freedom of movement and are treated with some degree of suspicion by the Indian government. It is due to the assassination of former Indian Prime minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 by a suspected member of the LTTE. After that some refugee camps were moved away from coastal areas to isolated interior regions of Tamil Nadu state so as to prevent contact amongst the refugees belonging to different camps. Refugees also have strict restrictions on their freedom of movement and are treated as third grade citizens. If anyone disobeys the rules, they may have their monthly stipend and rations cut off as punishment. As India has not signed the international convention for refugees, the plight of the Sri Lankan refugees in India is not brought to the scrutiny of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and no other major human rights organisation has taken note of the suffering of the Tamils languishing in the "special camps" in India. Militant refugees Militant leadership has always been elitist and there is a clear line of distinction between them and the mass of refugees. The leadership drew its support and recruited its forces from the refugee camps. These camps no longer exist. They were all closed down after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, but their legacy continues to haunt the refugees. Non-camp refugees These are the refugees who do not receive financial assistance from the government. They are mostly rich businessmen and professionals. Most of the Sri Lankan Tamils lives in the pockets of Chennai, Trichy and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, Trivandrum, Punalur in Kerala. Recent developments Former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Mr.M.Karunanidhi assured that the Sri Lankan Tamil refugees living in and outside the camps would be granted Indian citizenship soon. Spiritual leader Sri Sri Ravi Shankar has backed Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi’s call to give Indian citizenship to Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in India. Prominent people V. Kanakasabhai Balu Mahendra S. C. C. Anthony Pillai was a trade unionist, politician and Indian Member of Parliament. H.S.Hensman J.E. Hensman Mona Hensman Major Willie Hensman Rohini Hensman Raibahadur Williamspillai Paul M. Jayarajan aka Marcus Jayarajan Paul E. M. V. Naganathan Arumuka Navalar Donald Rutnam E. M. V. Naganathan J. K. Rithesh See also List of countries where Tamil is an official language Sri Lankan Tamil people Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora Sri Lankan Tamils in Indian cinema List of Sri Lankan Tamils in India Sri Lankans in India Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka UNHCR Representation in India References External links Sri Lankan Tamil refugees stage hunger strike OFERR Sri Lankan refugees Tamil diaspora in Asia Sri Lankan Tamil society Refugees in India Immigration to India Sri Lankan diaspora in Asia History of Tamil Nadu (1947–present) Diasporas in India
The Order of the First President of Kazakhstan – Leader of the Nation Nursultan Nazarbayev (, ), also referred to simply as the Order of Nazarbayev, is a state award of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was established on 1 January 2001 in honor of President Nursultan Nazarbayev who was at the time, the first and only President of Kazakhstan. It is awarded to Kazakh and foreign citizens for contributions to the development and prosperity of the country. This includes any of the following actions: Participation in social activities Achievements in sport and other competition on behalf of Kazakhstan Contributions to the development of a strong economy Distinguished service in national law enforcement and military bodies The order changed its design four times since its inception, from the sign on the cervical tape to the mark on the shoulder ribbon with the star. List of recipients Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (2004) Vladimir Putin (2019) Sooronbay Jeenbekov (2019) Alexander Lukashenko (2019) Nurlan Nigmatulin (2015) Imangali Tasmagambetov (2004) Abish Kekilbayev (2004) Vladimir Shkolnik Gennady Golovkin Talgat Musabayev Baktykozha Izmukhambetov Viktor Khrapunov Bulat Utemuratov Karim Massimov Daniyal Akhmetov Gallery See also Orders, decorations, and medals of Kazakhstan References 2001 establishments in Kazakhstan Orders, decorations, and medals of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev
Dactylis glomerata is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae, commonly known as cock's-foot, orchard grass, or cat grass (due to its popularity for use with domestic cats). It is a cool-season perennial C3 bunchgrass native throughout most of Europe, temperate Asia, and northern Africa. Distribution Dactylis glomerata occurs from sea level in the north of its range, to as high as 4,000 meters in altitude in the south of its range in Pakistan. It is widely used for hay and forage. It is a principal species in the widespread National Vegetation Classification habitat community MG1 (Arrhenatherum elatius grassland) in the United Kingdom, and so can be found with Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat grass). It can be found in meadows, pasture, roadsides, and rough grassland. It has been introduced into North America, New Zealand and Australia, and is now widely naturalised. In some areas, it has become an invasive species. Description Cock's-foot grows in dense perennial tussocks to tall, with grey-green leaves long and up to broad, and a distinctive tufted triangular flowerhead long, which may be either green or red- to purple-tinged (usually green in shade, redder in full sun), turning pale grey-brown at seed maturity. The spikelets are long, typically containing two to five flowers. It has a characteristic flattened stem base which distinguishes it from many other grasses. It flowers from June to September. Taxonomy Dactylis glomerata is treated as the sole species in the genus Dactylis by some authors, while others include one to four other species. It is commonly divided into several regional subspecies, particularly by those authors accepting only the single species: Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata. Widespread; described from Europe. Dactylis glomerata subsp. altaica. Central Asia. Dactylis glomerata subsp. himalayensis. (syn. D. himalayensis). Western Himalaya. Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica (syn. D. hispanica). Mediterranean, SW Asia. Dactylis glomerata subsp. ibizensis. Balearic Islands. Dactylis glomerata subsp. judaica Dactylis glomerata subsp. juncinella. Spain. Dactylis glomerata subsp. lobata (syn. D. glomerata subsp. aschersoniana, D. aschersoniana, D. polygama). Central Europe. Dactylis glomerata subsp. lusitanica. Portugal. Dactylis glomerata subsp. marina (syn. D. marina). Western Mediterranean region, Iberia, Canary Islands. Dactylis glomerata subsp. reichenbachii. Italy. Dactylis glomerata subsp. santai Dactylis glomerata subsp. slovenica. Central Europe. Dactylis glomerata subsp. smithii (syn. D. smithii). Macaronesia. Dactylis glomerata subsp. woronowii (syn. D. woronowii). Russia. Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata and subsp. hispanica are tetraploid forms with 28 chromosomes; some of the other subspecies, including subsp. himalayensis and subsp. lobata are diploid, with 2n = 14. Hexaploid forms with 42 chromosomes are also known, but rare. Tetraploid forms are larger and coarser than diploid forms. Cultivation and uses Cock's-foot is widely used as a hay grass and for pastures because of its high yields and sugar content, which makes it sweeter than most other temperate grasses. In dry areas as in much of Australia, Mediterranean subspecies such as subsp. hispanica are preferred for their greater drought tolerance. It requires careful grazing management; if it is undergrazed it becomes coarse and unpalatable. In some areas to which it has been introduced, cock's-foot has become an invasive weed, notably some areas of the eastern United States. As with other grasses, the pollen can cause allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in some people. The grass is popularly grown to satisfy the craving of domestic cats to chew grass, hence its colloquial name cat grass. The seeds were first collected by Rogers Parker in Hertfordshire; this was then developed by the agricultural reformer Coke of Norfolk. Parker's estate, Munden, near Bricket Wood, was inherited by the botanist George Hibbert. Butterfly foodplant The caterpillars of many butterfly species feed on cock's foot, including: Meadow brown (Maniola jurtina) Wall brown (Lasiommata megera) Gatekeeper (Pyronia tithonus) Large skipper (Ochlodes venata) Essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola) Small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris) Zabulon skipper (Poanes zabulon) Speckled wood (Pararge aegeria) References Pooideae Bunchgrasses of Africa Bunchgrasses of Asia Bunchgrasses of Europe Flora of temperate Asia Flora of North Africa Grasses of India Grasses of Pakistan Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Butterfly food plants Forages
Orocrambus ventosus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1920. The species is endemic to New Zealand, where it has been recorded in the Tasman Mountains and at Mount Owen. Its preferred habitat is alpine grasslands. Description The wingspan is 25–31 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from December to February. References Crambinae Moths described in 1920 Moths of New Zealand Endemic fauna of New Zealand Taxa named by Edward Meyrick Endemic moths of New Zealand
Argo Arbeiter (born 5 December 1973) is an Estonian football manager and former Estonian international footballer. Currently he is the sporting director of Nõmme Kalju. International career Arbeiter earned a total number of 29 caps for the Estonia national football team during his career, scoring six goals. He scored four goals in a single halftime in a friendly against Andorra on 13 November 1996. Career statistics International goals Score and result list Estonia's goal tally first. Honours Individual Estonian Silverball: 1996 References External links 1973 births Living people Sportspeople from Viljandi Estonian men's footballers Estonia men's international footballers Men's association football forwards Viljandi JK Tulevik players FC Flora players FCI Levadia Tallinn players Estonian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Finland Estonian expatriate sportspeople in Finland FC Flora managers Veikkausliiga players Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat players FCI Levadia U21 managers Estonian football managers Estonian expatriate football managers Meistriliiga players
Einar Hepsø (25 December 1926 – 27 October 2005) was a Norwegian fishers' leader and politician for the Labour Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Sør-Trøndelag during the terms 1977–1981 and 1981–1985. In total he met during 14 days of parliamentary session. He served as mayor of Osen from 1984 to 1985 and 1995 to 2003, and chaired Norges Fiskarlag from 1984 to 1994. References 1926 births 2005 deaths People from Osen Norwegian fishers Deputy members of the Storting Labour Party (Norway) politicians Mayors of places in Sør-Trøndelag
The Melbourne Mustangs are an ice hockey team based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and are members of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). Founded in 2010, as the Mustangs Ice Hockey Club, the team joined the AIHL in 2011 and have made the Goodall Cup playoffs on two occasions, winning once in 2014. Since their inception, 79 players have played at least one regular season game for the Mustangs. The team's current captain is Michael McMahon who has held that position since the 2017 season, taking over from Patrick O'Kane. Australian Jamie Bourke leads the team in scoring with 231 points in 145 games. Legend Statistics complete as of the end of the 2017 AIHL season. Goaltenders Skaters References General Specific Australia sport-related lists Ice hockey-related lists Melbourne sport-related lists
Simaethula is a genus of Australian jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1902. The name is an alteration of Simaetha, a related genus. Species it contains seven species, found only in Australia: Simaethula aurata (L. Koch, 1879) – Australia (Queensland) Simaethula auronitens (L. Koch, 1879) – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) Simaethula chalcops Simon, 1909 – Australia (Western Australia) Simaethula janthina Simon, 1902 (type) – Australia (Queensland) Simaethula mutica Szombathy, 1915 – Australia Simaethula opulenta (L. Koch, 1879) – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) Simaethula violacea (L. Koch, 1879) – Australia (Queensland) References Salticidae genera Salticidae Spiders of Australia
Roza Stepanovna Chumakova (, 8 June 1924 – 10 October 2007) was Russian rower who won two European titles in the single sculls in 1954 and 1955. Biography Chumakova graduated from secondary school shortly before the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II. The same year she volunteered to work as a nurse at a military hospital and then as a radio operator at the Soviet Air Force. For her service at the World War II fronts between 1942 and 1944 Chumakova was later awarded the Order of the Patriotic War and Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945". She started training in rowing in 1944, shortly after demobilization. In parallel, she studied at the Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, then Moscow State Linguistic University, and then at the Moscow Institute of Physical Education (GTSOLIFK), graduating in 1949. In 1969 she defended her PhD on physical training of elite rowers and later worked as professor of physical education at the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation. Between 1985 and 2000 she was president of the Moscow Federation of Masters Rowing. Chumakova had a brother Slava and a daughter Tatyana. She was married more than once, last to Igor Borisovich Yefimov. References 1924 births 2007 deaths Russian female rowers Soviet female rowers European Rowing Championships medalists
This is a list of town tramway systems in Germany by Land. It includes all tram systems, past and present. Cities with currently operating systems, and those systems themselves, are indicated in bold and blue background colored rows. Those tram systems that operated on other than standard gauge track (where known) are indicated in the 'Notes' column. Baden-Württemberg Bavaria (Bayern) Berlin Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hessen Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Rhine-Ruhr (Rhein-Ruhr) Ruhrgebiet (Ruhr Area) towns in geographic order, west to east:Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf (Düsseldorf Region) and Bezirksregierung Arnsberg (Arnsberg Region) towns not tabulated above, in geographic order, west to east:Note for Rheydt: Amalgamated with Mönchengladbach from 29 July 1929 to 31 July 1933, and again from 1 January 1975.Note for Mettmann: Line extended Düsseldorf (Auf der Hardt) – Mettmann (closed 9 December 1936) – Wülfrath (closed 14 May 1938) – Tönisheide (closed 14 May 1938), and Mettmann – Wieden (closed 17 May 1952). Separate undertaking to 1 April 1937.Note for Wuppertal: Town tramway system ranked as fifth-largest in Germany, with peak system length of , c.1948.Bezirksregierung Köln (Cologne Region) towns in geographic order, north to south: Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) Saarland Saxony (Sachsen) Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt) Schleswig-Holstein Light railway (kleinbahn) operating under tramway (straßenbahn'') concession (from 1952–1953): Thuringia (Thüringen) See also Trams in Germany List of town tramway systems in Europe List of tram and light rail transit systems List of metro systems List of trolleybus systems in Germany References Inline citations Bibliography Sources, references and external links: Books, Periodicals and External Links Tramways Germany
Adam Aston (born Adolf Loewinsohn, 17 September 1902, Warsaw, Poland: died 10 January 1993 in London, England) was a Polish singer, actor, and pianist of Jewish origin. He sang in Polish, Hebrew and Yiddish and was one of the most popular artists in interwar Poland. He often worked with Henryk Wars. He also went under the names Adam Wiński, Adam Stanisław Lewinson, recorded also under names J. Kierski, Adam Winski and Ben-Lewi. He used the name Ben-Lewi when recording in Hebrew. He debuted at the revue theater (music hall, cabaret) Morskie Oko in Warsaw. He made his first record in 1927; in 1930 he began to work with Henryk Wars at the Morskie Oko cabaret and adopted his stage name of Adam Aston. He recorded gramophone records for Syrena Rekord, Odeon, Parlophon, Columbia, and Lonora, singing as many as 900 songs between 1930-39. He also appeared in two musical comedy films: Dwie Joasie and Manewry miłosne in 1935. He also sang the Polish version of Cheek to Cheek (Polish title: W siódmym niebie - "In Seventh Heaven"). In 1920, he fought in the Polish–Soviet War. After the outbreak of World War II he was evacuated to the east and performed in Lviv, which was then under Soviet occupation. In late 1941, he joined the Polish II Corps of General Anders as part of the Polska Parada cabaret. In 1944, he fought at the Battle of Monte Cassino in Italy. After the war he lived in Johannesburg, South Africa and in 1960 moved to the United Kingdom. References External links notes on Aston from GWIAZDOZBIÓR POLSKIEJ PIOSENKI 1902 births 1993 deaths Jewish cabaret performers Polish cabaret performers 20th-century Polish Jews Polish expatriates in South Africa Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War 20th-century comedians Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom
Barry Raymond Colliver (born 28 February 1935) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He won the under-19s best and fairest in 1952 and was captain the next year. After his time for the Essendon, Colliver played for the Rushworth Football Club and was captain-coach of Lake Boga. Notes External links Essendon Football Club past player profile Living people 1935 births Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) Essendon Football Club players
El amor tiene cara de mujer (Love has woman's face) is a Mexican soap opera, produced by Valentín Pimstein for Teleprogramas Acapulco, SA in 1971. Starring leading actresses Silvia Derbez, Irma Lozano, Irán Eory, and Lucy Gallardo, it features an original story by Nené Cascallar. It was the second longest Mexican telenovela in history. Since its inception on July 12, 1971, it maintained high ratings through 400 one-hour episodes (760 half-hour episodes, as Televisa accounted for the duration of their telenovleas at that time). It is a remake of the Argentinian telenovela El amor tiene cara de mujer, which aired between 1964–1970. It was one of the biggest TV hits of the 1960s, greatly influencing the masses. Produced by Channel 13 of Buenos Aires, it starred Bárbara Mujica, Iris Láinez, Delfy de Ortega, and Angélica López Gamio. Plot The story features the lives of four women of different ages and social classes as they work while attending the prestigious Lucy Escala Institute of Beauty & Boutique. The women, Laura, Matilda, Vicky, and Lucy, cope with personal problems on a day-to-day basis, but also enjoy the joys of life and their friendship. Cast Silvia Derbez as Laura Valdez Irma Lozano as Matilde Suárez Irán Eory as Victoria "Vicky" Gallardo y Pimentel Lucy Gallardo as Lucy Escala Claudio Obregón as Pablo Landa Javier Marc as Fernando Ugalde Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo as Gustavo Artiaga María Eugenia Ríos as Consuelo de Suárez Rubén Rojo as Julio Miguel Córcega as Alberto Olga Breeskin as Milena del Real Julián Pastor as Emilio Suárez Carlos Cámara as Alfredo Bustamante Ana Lilia Tovar as Nerina Suárez Magda Haller as Amelia Landa Gloria Leticia Ortiz as Bertha Valdez Fernando Mendoza as Don Manuel Molnar María Douglas as Leticia Gallardo Daniela Rosen as María Inés Amescua Héctor Andremar as Dr. Diego Solares Carlos Becerril as Daniel Escala Antonio Medellín as Carlos García Iglesias Bety Catania as Nora Tovar de García Iglesias July Furlong as Cristina Estela Chacón as Lili Molnar/Esther Tere Grobois as Diana Enrique del Castillo as Lic. Restrepo Manolo Calvo as Dr. Villafañe Anel as Claudia Guillermo Aguilar as Hernán Guevara Antonio Raxel as Sr. Amescua Otto Sirgo as Julio Azucena Rodríguez as Clarissa Gerardo del Castillo as Arnoldo Carlos Monden as Eduardo Joaquín Cordero as Ernesto Jorge del Campo as Billy Josefina Escobedo as Tía Alcira Carlos Alberto Badías as Dr. Gay Aldo Monti as Abel Delacroix Gustavo Rojo as Cristián Olivia Michel as Dora Nesler Bertha Moss as Lucía Rafael del Río as César Lola Tinoco as María María Martín as Leonila Julio Monterde as Otón Octavio Galindo as Guillermo Pedro Damián as Aníbal Bárbara Gil as Sara Gilberto Roman as Reynaldo References 1971 telenovelas Televisa telenovelas Television shows set in Mexico City 1971 Mexican television series debuts 1973 Mexican television series endings Mexican television series based on Argentine television series Spanish-language telenovelas
{{Infobox book series \| name = Mecha Samurai Empire series\| italic title = no \| image = \| image_caption = First-edition cover of Mecha Samurai Empire \| books = \| author = Peter Tieryas \| editors = \| title_orig = \| translator = \| illustrator = \| cover_artist = John Liberto \| country = \| language = \| genre = \| publisher = \| pub_date = \| english_pub_date = \| media_type = \| number_of_books = \| list_books = \| oclc = \| preceded by = \| followed by = \| website = }} The Mecha Samurai Empire series is an alternate-history science fiction book series written by American author Peter Tieryas. The series centers around an alternate America, known as the United States of Japan, after the Nazis and Japanese Empire have emerged victorious in World War II. The stories focus primarily on Asian communities since the war, depicting the struggles of survivors in a new authoritarian regime. The novels explore themes such as government propaganda and the blurring of fact and fiction. Each book in the series is a standalone novel in the same shared universe, featuring different protagonists, antagonists, and conflicts. The series has been the recipient of several awards, twice receiving the Seiun Award for speculative fiction. The first title in the series was published by Ace Books in 2016, with the latest title being released in 2020. Genesis The series began as "a story revolving around the tragic events on the Asian side of WWII." Tieryas, who spent several years in Asia, experienced a different perspective on the war versus what he studied in schools in America. The book is strongly inspired by books like The Man in the High Castle, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Moby-Dick, as well as the works of Hideo Kojima like Metal Gear Solid II. In particular, the contrast between the way histories often "censor" the horrific elements, presenting a glorified account of them, alarmed him. He originally intended it to be one book, United States of Japan, which focused on the conflict with the terrorist organization, the George Washingtons. But he felt there were areas of the universe he wanted to explore more thoroughly. The success of the first book opened the door for the duology of Mecha Samurai Empire and Cyber Shogun Revolution, which revolved around the battle with the Nazis. His agent, Misa Morikawa, came up with the title for the series. Tieryas credits his Ace Roc editor, Anne Sowards, for helping come up with the title for Cyber Shogun Revolution (titles included Sons of Wars and The Revolution of the Bloody Mechas). Books The Mecha Samurai Empire series comprises three novels and several short stories. While the books can be read in any order, the author has described his intended sequence to be Mecha Samurai Empire, Cyber Shogun Revolution, and lastly United States of Japan. Art Most of the covers and mecha designs are done by illustrator John Liberto. Hokkaido graphic designer Gen Igarashi often creates new art and was featured in the special edition of the Japanese version of Mecha Samurai Empire. Director Guillermo del Toro, upon seeing the art from the series, reacted with a "Wow!" An art gallery featuring art from the entire series was showcased in Akihabara, Japan. Reception Popular Mechanics included United States of Japan as one of 16 Sci-Fi Things to Look Forward to in 2016, stating: "It's more the cyberpunk dystopia William Gibson promised us than the actual 1980s we know, with giant mechs enforcing the law and police trying to squash an underground gaming success that lets players imagine what might've happened if the allied powers won World War II. It sounds like a perfect patchwork of multiple sci-fi and anime subgenres rolled into one novel." Publishers Weekly named USJ as one of the top 10 anticipated Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror books. Kirkus Reviews listed it as one of "The Speculative Fiction Books You Can't Miss in March." The Verge named the novel as one of the Best Books Science Fiction and Fantasy Novels of 2016. Financial Times stated, "The novel deftly portrays the horrors of oppression but also, with its giant military robots, sumo wrestlers and body-transforming technology, is a gleeful love letter to Japanese pop culture." Barnes & Noble Science Fiction and Fantasy Blog said, "United States of Japan mixes alt-history with pulp-history, the plausible with the fantastical, in a vision of the 1980s with the glossy sheen and rain-slick neon of vintage cyberpunk." Anthony Jones of SF Book Reviews stated: "United States of Japan is a tremendous book; it's got a wonderfully dark and rich atmosphere, great action, intelligent and twisted story and above all, not only does it pay homage to one of the finest authors of the 20th century but also continues one of his most celebrated and yet most difficult works — simply wonderful." io9 reviewer Andrew Liptak wrote, "Tieryas has created a unique alternate world and populated it with fantastic characters and fixtures." In a mixed review, N. Ho Sang of SF Signal writes: "United States of Japan is a smart, gut-wrenching alternative reality that blurs lines between hope with a focus on emotional truths of human nature," but "there are small moments where transitions in environment, scenes and character developments may present themselves as sudden shifts, and feel slightly jarring." United States of Japan has been translated and published in Japan, Spain, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, and Mexico. It became a Nikkei Best Seller and the Japanese edition went to its 7th printing in the first month, receiving acclaim from Asahi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun, and Gizmodo Japan. S-F Magazine Yearly Poll of Japan's Top Science Fiction selected United States of Japan as #2 of the best Best International Science Fiction. It won the 2017 Seiun Award and won 2nd Place for the Japan Booksellers' Award. For Mecha Samurai Empire, Amazon Book Reviews listed it as one of the top Science Fiction and Fantasy Books of September 2018, stating, "Readers of alternate history will enjoy the details of the Japanese culture enfolded into the US and the ongoing tensions with the Nazis, while the plot itself packs a punch." Financial Times included Mecha Samurai Empire as one of the best science fiction books of 2018, describing it as "action-packed and rousing." Syfy Wire said the book was "an adrenalized fusion of Philip K. Dick's The Man in the High Castle and Guillermo del Toro's Pacific Rim as rampaging robots prowl a very different America." Hideo Kojima praised the book, stating it intermixes "the experience of cinema, literature, anime, comics, and gaming" and "is the new generation of Science Fiction we’ve been waiting for!” It won the 2019 Seiun Award and was the first consecutive book in a series to win in over twenty years. References American novel series Alternate history book series American book series Book series introduced in 2016 Ace Books books
Manon Cleary (November 14, 1942 – November 26, 2011) was an American artist based in Washington, D.C. Cleary specialized in photo-realistic paintings and drawings. Many of her works were inspired by events in her life. They focused on the human form and lights. Cleary received her bachelor's degree from Washington University in her hometown of St. Louis, Missouri. She later received her master's degree from the Tyler School of Art at Temple University in Philadelphia. In 1970, shortly after graduation, Cleary moved to Washington, D.C. where she worked at the University of the District of Columbia as a professor for thirty years. Cleary's style of art is realistic; it is said that she would often win awards for her work in the photography category by mistake. She often worked in a reductive fashion by using graphite powder, tissues, and erasers. This style allowed her to create works that were softer and more personal, but still realistic. Cleary died in 2011 at the age of 69. She suffered for many years from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Her work is held by many museums throughout the United States, including the Art Institute of Chicago, the National Museum of Women in the Arts, the Brooklyn Museum, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the National Gallery of Art. She held numerous solo exhibitions and was a part of many exhibitions worldwide. Biography Manon Cleary was born on November 14, 1942, in St. Louis, Missouri with her identical twin sister, Shirley Cleary-Cooper. Cleary and her twin were very similar growing up, and Cleary stated in an interview that they were dressed alike by their mother until adulthood. Her father was a general practitioner in St. Louis and brought home almost every disease and epidemic that hit the city. This meant that Cleary and her sister were at home, sick for much of their childhood. It was during this time at home that they both turned to art. They continued their artistic careers by associating with the art museum and majoring in art in high school. Cleary went to Washington University in St. Louis and received her degree in 1964. Cleary's education there was very mechanical and traditional. She was only taught technique, not content. Cleary struggled at first with the teaching style, and she was one of the few artists who drew figures regularly. Cleary took to drawing highly erotic images; the images gave her confidence and left her professors struggling to critique. After graduating Cleary applied late to graduate programs and happened upon an opportunity to spend her first year of graduate school in Rome, for the Tyler School of Art. While in Rome, Cleary studied the work of Caravaggio and remained inspired by his work for much of her career. After a year in Rome, Cleary finished her graduate studies and received her MFA in 1968, at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cleary moved to upstate New York, where she briefly taught at a state university in Oswego. Shortly thereafter she moved to Washington, D.C. in 1970, where she would remain for the rest of her life. Cleary taught at the University of the District of Columbia for 30 years. She was beloved by her students and by many of the local artists in Washington, D.C. She was a collector of local art and a supporter of local artists. She was a longtime member of the Arts Club of Washington. After a couple of years in Washington, D.C., she moved into Beverly Court Apartments—now Beverly Court Cooperative. It was the epicenter of art in the 1970s for Washington, D.C. and Cleary was the star. Beverly Court housed artists such as Allan Bridge, Yuri Schwebler, Jonathan Meader, and Angelo Hodick. Cleary would host dinner parties for the building, and a communal living arrangement of sorts took place. The doors to apartments were often open, and artists collaborated on art together. Beverly Court was bought by its residents in 1979 after most of the artists had left, and it became the first cooperative in Washington, D.C. It was during this time, in 1981, that Cleary was briefly married to a man named Tommy Iven Hansen, who was a young art student from Denmark. They were divorced about a year later. In 1996, Cleary experienced a traumatic event while traveling abroad. Cleary visited Kazakhstan that year on a goodwill art trip and was there to lecture about art. Cleary was attacked by a Kazakh artist, with whom she had only a brief meeting. The attack shook Cleary and she left the country quickly in a state of denial. It took Cleary several months to start to examine her feelings and work through them. She ended up creating an evocative series titled, "The Rape Series" after the event. The series features paintings of Cleary's face, shaped in horror and pain, with red paint splattered over the canvas. The paintings are the most physical of Cleary's portfolio, with some of the canvases burned or slashed. Cleary's attacker was invited to Washington, D.C. for a show on Kazakhstan art in 1998, but was luckily denied entry into the United States. The news was hard to take for Cleary, but she believes because of an affidavit she signed with the State Department upon returning from Kazakhstan, he was turned away. Cleary met her second husband, F. Steven Kijek, a dancer, in Baltimore at a party after a gallery opening. When they met, he supposedly stripped naked in the middle of a crowd and asked if she would like to paint him; they were married in 2001. Cleary was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 1999 and was experiencing pulmonary failure. This was brought on by a smoking habit and inhaling toxic fumes from her paint. Her doctor gave her just two years to live in 2001. The disease forced Cleary to retire, and her weight dropped to just 80 pounds. She would need to use an oxygen tank and breathing tube for the remainder of her life. Even with all of these challenges, Cleary still found a way to create new art; she created a series titled "Breathless" that featured her face, with breathing tubes, pressed up against the glass of a copy machine. Cleary died in 2011 in her apartment at Beverly Court, where she had lived for 40 years. Work Cleary used many different mediums throughout her career but is most well known for her figures in paintings and her drawings. Style Cleary is known for her photo-realism; The Washington Post called her the best figure painter of her generation. Cleary's style developed during her undergraduate days. Her watercolor professor taught her how to mix graphite powder and alcohol to create a more painterly style of drawing. Cleary didn't like the painterly style, and said the graphite tended to "chalk up." When she went back to drawing a few years later, it was leftover graphite from that period she turned to, not charcoal. Cleary was drawn to the glow that only graphite can provide. This time though, Cleary developed her own style. Cleary worked in a reductive, layered fashion, covering the whole paper in graphite and then using erasers to flesh out the image. This allowed the image to come into focus slowly, as Cleary would layer the graphite with the aid of tissues and blending stumps. Cleary created her images from multiple photos, taken from different angles, a habit she developed during college when models weren't readily available. This is partly why she is identified as a photorealist. This process was a challenge for Cleary, as there was no precedent or guide to help her with her style. There was much trial and error to figure out not only what erasers worked best, but also how much stress the paper could take. Cleary developed this style out of fear of white paper; she also found it easier to cover a mistake by working this way, as it was easier to add more graphite instead of erasing a line. By working in this reductive fashion, Cleary created an image that was original and unique. Without the harsh pencil lines, her drawings had a softness and ethereal quality. While her work is considered photorealism, it stands out from other artists of the time. Cleary's mastery of drawing flowed over into other mediums as well, such as pastels. Cleary was also known as a painter. Cleary was drawn to the wide range of colors that were available in painting compared to the rather limited number of colors available in pastels. Her painting style has been described as "not painterly." This is because Cleary tries to hide her brush strokes and remove any evidence of her technique. Themes and subjects Cleary was best known for her nude figure drawings and her most common subject was herself. Cleary was considered by many to be the best figure painter in Washington, D.C., and maybe in the country. Early in her career Cleary painted idealized images of her subjects, including herself. Cleary acknowledged in her mid-thirties that she had not accepted her aging and was removing blemishes from her paintings. Cleary explained that she doesn't "paint the grotesque" and that is why she paints the ideal. If nudes were Cleary's most common subject, her most beloved subject would be rats. Cleary was given a rat as a gift in the 1970s and from that point on they became a recurring subject for her (she would also keep rats as pets for the rest of her life). The rats were often drawn in pastels, and Cleary had truly mastered their likeness. In one memorable piece Untitled, Cleary painted two life-size rats (green and soft pink) serving her as she reclined nude on a divan while smoking. Another theme that is very apparent in Cleary's work is sexuality. Some of her art is frank and bold, like her series of large oil paintings from the early 1990s that studied male genitalia. (In 1997, one of her paintings at an erotic art auction was featured on an episode of HBO's Real Sex.) Other studies of sexuality are more subtle and abstract. Cleary painted many flowers that were said to be in the vein of Georgia O'Keeffe. Cleary's open exploration of sexuality creates a distraction for the viewer. The more flagrant the sexuality, the more Cleary conceals herself in her work. Solo exhibitions 2014-Arts Club of Washington - Manon Cleary, Obsessive Observer: A New Perspective Through Her Photographic Studies 2009-Addison/Ripley Gallery, DC 2007-DC Arts Center 2006-Emerson Gallery, DC 2006-Washington Art Museum2005-Waddle Gallery, Louden Campus, Sterling, Virginia2002-Pass Gallery, DC1997-"Manon Cleary, Body in the Question," Maryland Art Place1985-"Pintura e Desenho De Manon Cleary," Centro de Arte de Arte Moderna, Gulbekian Found, Lisbon, Portugal1977-Pyramid Galleries, Ltd., DC1974-Pyramid Galleries, Ltd., DC1972-Arena Stage, DC 1972-Franz Bader Gallery, DC1968-Tyler Gallery, Philadelphia References External links Profile at askart.com 1942 births 2011 deaths American erotic artists 20th-century American painters 21st-century American painters American realist painters Painters from St. Louis Temple University alumni University of the District of Columbia faculty Washington University in St. Louis alumni American twins Painters from Washington, D.C. Identical twins American women painters 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American women artists
När alla vännerna gått hem, written by Per Gessle, is a ballad by Swedish pop group Gyllene Tider, released on the 1978 "Gyllene Tider" EP. "När alla vännerna gått hem" is famous for being used as closing song at Gyllene Tider's concerts, and on Gyllene Tider compilations. Pop group Aramis scored a 1980 minor hit with a cover of the song. At Gyllene Tiders concert at Brottet in Halmstad on August 10, 1996, Per Gessle sung it live in a duet with Marie Fredriksson, well known from Roxette. On July 12, 2013, this was repeated during Gyllene Tider's concert in Ullevi stadium in Gothenburg. "När alla vännerna gått hem" has also been recorded with lyrics in English, as "When All the Lights Have Faded Away". Pop group Miio covered the song on their 2003 album "På vårt sätt". References External links 1978 songs Gyllene Tider songs Songs written by Per Gessle Parlophone singles
Margot Gudrun Moe (3 March 1899 in Oslo – 12 March 1988 in Oslo) was a Norwegian figure skater. She competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp where she placed fifth, and won a bronze medal at the 1922 World Figure Skating Championships. Results References External links Navigation 1899 births 1988 deaths Sportspeople from Oslo Norwegian female single skaters Olympic figure skaters for Norway World Figure Skating Championships medalists Figure skaters at the 1920 Summer Olympics 20th-century Norwegian women 20th-century Norwegian people
Karnice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Puszcza Mariańska, south of Żyrardów, and south-west of Warsaw. References Karnice
Robert Gordon Pearson (born August 3, 1971) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL)., and is now general manager and head coach of Pickering Panthers of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. Biography Pearson was born in Oshawa, Ontario. As a youth, he played in the 1984 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Oshawa. Pearson was drafted 12th overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft. He played in 269 career NHL games, scoring 56 goals and 54 assists for 110 points. Pearson also played for the St. Louis Blues and the Washington Capitals. On April 24, 2006, Pearson signed on as an assistant coach for the University of Ontario Institute of Technology Ridgebacks in Oshawa, Ontario, but later resigned from that position. In 2017, he was named the new head coach of Whitby Fury. Career statistics References External links UOIT Athletics Media Release 1971 births Living people Belleville Bulls players Canadian ice hockey right wingers Cleveland Lumberjacks players Frankfurt Lions players Ice hockey people from Oshawa Long Beach Ice Dogs (IHL) players National Hockey League first-round draft picks Newmarket Saints players Orlando Solar Bears (IHL) players Oshawa Generals players Portland Pirates players St. John's Maple Leafs players St. Louis Blues players Toronto Maple Leafs players Toronto Maple Leafs draft picks Washington Capitals players Worcester IceCats players
Tomasz Pirawski (1564 – 30 Jul 1625) (Ukrainian: Томаш Піравський) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Lviv (1617–1625) and Titular Bishop of Nicopolis in Epiro (1617–1625). Biography Tomasz Pirawski was born in 1564 in Kazimierz, Poland. On 13 Nov 1617, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Auxiliary Bishop of Lviv and Titular Bishop of Nicopolis in Epiro. On 27 May 1618, he was consecrated bishop by Jan Andrzej Próchnicki, Archbishop of Lviv, with Stanisław Sieciński, Bishop of Przemyśl, and Stanisław Udrzycki, Titular Bishop of Argos and Auxiliary Bishop of Lutsk, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Lviv until his death in 30 Jul 1625. References External links and additional sources (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) 17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Bishops appointed by Pope Paul V 1564 births 1625 deaths Clergy from Kraków
```python from .serializer import DictSerializer, JSONSerializer, SerializationBase # noqa ```
The Mej River is a left bank tributary of Chambal River. It originates near Mandalgarh in Bhilwara District and joins Chambal in Kota district. The catchment area of Mej river extends over Bhilwara District, Bundi District, and Tonk District of Rajasthan. Tributaries are Wajan, Kural, Mangali, Ghoda Pachhad and others. Chambal River Rivers of Rajasthan
The following events occurred in September 1923: September 1, 1923 (Saturday) A devastating earthquake with an approximate magnitude of 7.9 struck Japan at two minutes before noon. Over 120,000 people were killed and 2 million left homeless as half the city of Tokyo was destroyed. Among the dead were 112 people who were killed by a mudslide that swept the train that they were on down a embankment and into the ocean after it had stopped at the Nebukawa Station while traveling between Atami and Odawara. The Chosen Railway was established in Korea (at the time a part of Japan under the name "Chōsen") by the merger of six separate companies, and served as the largest privately owned corporation on the Korean Peninsula. The council of the League of Nations met at the request of Greece to discuss the Corfu crisis. The Italian government telegraphed the League that night saying that any decision made by the League regarding the Corfu incident would be ignored by Italy. An explosion killed 21 coal miners in Australia at the Bellbird Colliery in Bellbird, New South Wales. Born: Rocky Marciano (ring name for Rocco Marchegiano), American heavyweight boxer and world heavyweight champion 1952–1956, known for retiring undefeated; in Brockton, Massachusetts (killed in plane crash, 1969) McAllister Hull, American theoretical physicist who took part in the creation of the 1945 atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki to force the surrender of Japan; in Birmingham, Alabama (d. 2011) Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and collector; in North Bay, Ontario, (d. 2006) Karen Chandler (stage name for Eva Nadauld), American pop music singer who had hits in the 1940s as "Eve Young" and in the early 1950s as Chandler; in Rexburg, Idaho (d. 2010) Died: Matsuoka Yasukowa, 77, Japanese politician, former Agricultural Minister and the first president of Nippon University was killed when his house collapsed during the Kanto Earthquake. Josephine Blatt, 60, American circus performer known for her tremendous strength, generally billed by promoters as "Minerva" September 2, 1923 (Sunday) Admiral Yamamoto Gonnohyōe was installed as Prime Minister of Japan as part of an "emergency cabinet" installed the day after the earthquake, and to fill the vacancy left by the August 24 death of Katō Tomosaburō, The Kantō Massacre of non-Japanese ethnic minorities began in Japan in the aftermath of the earthquake the day before, starting with vigilante groups targeting Korean residents on the island of Honshu, at first with the encouragement of local police, and then with the participation of police and the Imperial Japanese Army. An estimated 6,000 people of Korean, Chinese or Ryukyuan descent were killed after rumors were spread that minorities were seeking to overthrow the Japanese government during the chaos following the earthquake. A "German Day" rally attended by over 100,000 nationalists was held in Nuremberg to commemorate the 53rd anniversary of victory over the French in the Battle of Sedan. Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff were in attendance as Nazis were among the paraders. German Chancellor Gustav Stresemann suggested in a speech in Stuttgart that the passive resistance campaign in the Ruhr should be ended. "Every honest person in the Ruhr district and along the Rhine is longing for the hour when he will again return to work", Stresemann said. "This hour will have to come, and through German productive work the real solution of the conflict can be found. The purpose of passive resistance was to bring about this solution. We are ready to make the greatest material sacrifices, but we are not willing to give up the liberty of German soil." Lon Chaney established his role as the "Man of 1,000 Faces" portraying Quasimodo in the debut of the popular silent film adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, released by Universal Pictures and making its debut at the Astor Theatre in New York before going into nationwide release on September 6. Died: J. Campbell Cantrill, 53, U.S. Congressman for Kentucky and Democratic nominee for Governor, died in the middle of his campaign for state office, six days after having undergone surgery for a ruptured appendix. William J. Fields, another incumbent U.S. Representative, was nominated by the Democratic Party's central committee to fill the vacancy left by Cantrill's death and would win the general election in November. September 3, 1923 (Monday) U.S. President Calvin Coolidge appealed to the American public for aid in the Japanese earthquake disaster. The film Rosita premiered at the Lyric Theatre in New York City. The Los Angeles Illustrated Daily News was first published after being founded by Cornelius Vanderbilt IV. The newspaper would cease publication on December 18, 1954. The musical Poppy made its debut on Broadway, premiering at the Apollo Theater for a run of 346 performances, and included in its cast comedian W. C. Fields as Professor Eustace McGargle. Born: Glen Bell, American restaurant entrepreneur who founded the Taco Bell chain of fast food stores; in Lynwood, California (d. 2010) Mort Walker, comic artist known for Beetle Bailey and Hi and Lois; in El Dorado, Kansas (d. 2018) Alan Bristow, British entrepreneur who founded Bristow Helicopters Ltd, one of the world's largest helicopter service companies; in Balham, London (d. 2009) Alice Gibson, Belizean librarian who established most of the libraries in the British Honduras, later Belize; in Belize City (d. 2021) September 4, 1923 (Tuesday) Benito Mussolini threatened to have Italy withdraw from the League of Nations if it insisted on arbitrating the Corfu crisis, saying the League was "absolutely not competent" to address the issue. The airship USS Shenandoah made its first flight. The musical revue London Calling!, produced by André Charlot with music by Noël Coward and Philip Braham, opened at London's Duke of York's Theatre. The musical was the first for Coward, and featured a 3-D stereoscopic shadowgraph as part of its opening act. Sad Sam Jones pitched a no-hitter for the New York Yankees against the Philadelphia Athletics by a final score of 2–0. It was the first no-hitter ever thrown by a visiting player in Shibe Park, and only the second in which none of the players had struck out. Born: Warren M. Robbins, American art collector whose collection led to the formation of the National Museum of African Art at the Smithsonian Institution; in Worcester, Massachusetts (d. 2008) Gloria Shayne Baker, American composer and songwriter known for the melody of the 1962 Christmas carol "Do You Hear What I Hear?" (with lyrics by Noël Regney); in Brookline, Massachusetts (d. 2008) Mirko Ellis, Swiss actor; in Locarno (d. 2014) Ram Kishore Shukla, Indian politician and activist, in Beohari, British India (d. 2003) Mushtaq Ahmad Yusufi, Pakistani humorist and satire writer; in Tonk, Jaipur State, British India (d. 2018) Died: Kawai Yoshitora, 21, Japanese Communist activist, was shot and killed in prison two days after his arrest on accusations of causing anarchy in the aftermath of the September 1 earthquake. Paul Friedländer, 66, German chemist known for the Friedländer synthesis process of extracting dyes. Howdy Wilcox, 34, American racecar driver, was killed while racing at Altoona, Pennsylvania. September 5, 1923 (Wednesday) Nearly all the coal mines in the Ruhr were active as the passive resistance campaign in the region wound down. The musical stage comedy The Beauty Prize, with music by Jerome Kern, book and lyrics by George Grossmith and P. G. Wodehouse, opened at the Winter Garden Theatre in London. Born: Gustavo Rojo, Uruguayan and Mexican film and television actor, was born on the German cruise ship Krefeld as it was transporting his family across the Atlantic Ocean to Montevideo. (d. 2017) Died: John "Dots" Miller, 36, American baseball player for 9 seasons between 1909 and 1921, died of tuberculosis. September 6, 1923 (Thursday) The League of Nations handed the Corfu crisis to the Conference of Ambassadors to mediate. Mussolini said that Italy would abide by the Conference's decision. The comedy film Potash and Perlmutter was released. Born: Petar II Karadordević, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia as the son of King Alexander I, later King of Yugoslavia from 1934 to 1945; in Belgrade (d. 1970) Died: Pedro José Escalón, 76, President of El Salvador 1903 to 1907 September 7, 1923 (Friday) Interpol, was founded as the International Criminal Police Commission at a conference of police officials from 16 nations meeting in Austria at Vienna. It would adopt its present name in 1956 A century later, the Interpol network would be present in all but a few of the world's nations. Mary Katherine Campbell retained her title in the 3rd Miss America pageant. She is the only Miss America to ever win twice, as previous winners were only eligible to be re-crowned during the earliest years of the pageant. Howard Ehmke of the Boston Red Sox pitched a no-hitter against the Philadelphia Athletics, 4–0 at Shibe Park. It was the second time the Athletics were no-hit in the space of four days. Born: Madeleine Dring, English composer and actress; at Harringay, London (d. 1977) Byron Seaman, Canadian oil company magnate who was one of the owners of the Calgary Flames NHL team after purchasing the Atlanta franchise; in Rouleau, Saskatchewan (d. 2021) Died: James V. Ganly, 44, U.S. Congressman representing the 24th New York district (including the Bronx, New York City), died from injuries sustained the night after he crashed his car into a tree. C. N. Little, 65, American mathematician and expert in knot theory September 8, 1923 (Saturday) Seven U.S. Navy destroyers were accidentally sunk in the Honda Point Disaster off the coast of California in the largest peacetime loss of ships in U.S. history, and 23 sailors were killed after Captain Edward H. Watson ordered a squadron of 14 ships to make a fast passage to San Diego despite a heavy fog. Sailing in close formation, the column of ships began piling up as one after another ran aground. The ships , , , , , and , all sustained irreparable damage. The cost to the U.S. of losing the destroyers was estimated to be $10.5 million, equivalent to $182 million a century later. The Conference of Ambassadors announced the terms upon which the Corfu dispute between Italy and Greece would be settled. The terms were highly favorable to Italy but both sides approved the settlement. A parade of housewives marched through Berlin carrying empty baskets in protest of their inability to buy food due to hyperinflation. Born: Melitta Marxer, 91, Liechtenstein women's rights activist who lobbied for decades for women to get the right to vote in elections in the European principality of Liechtenstein before suffrage was finally extended in 1984; in Schaanwald (d. 2015) Died: Ugo Sivocci, 38, Italian auto racer and cyclist, was killed during a test drive of the new Alfa Romeo P1 automobile. September 9, 1923 (Sunday) Apostolos Alexandris, the Foreign Minister of Greece, informed the Council of Ambassadors that he would accept the decision of their arbitration commission to resolve the Corfu incident. Carlo Salamano of Italy won the Italian Grand Prix. Born: Cliff Robertson, American film actor and Academy Award winner; in San Diego (d. 2011) Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, virologist and 1976 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, later a convicted child molester; in Yonkers, New York (d. 2008) Max Lüscher, Swiss psychotherapist and developer of the Lüscher color test; in Basel (d. 2017) Rosita Sokou, Greek journalist; in Plaka, Athens (d. 2021) Died: Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 68, President of Brazil 1910 to 1914 September 10, 1923 (Monday) The Irish Free State was admitted to the League of Nations. A total eclipse of the Sun occurred that was visible over much of the southwestern United States and Mexico, with residents of Los Angeles, San Diego and Mexico City being in the path of the largest part of the eclipse. Unfortunately for California viewers, a thick high fog and cloud cover blocked their view of the Sun and the Moon. French physicist Louis de Broglie presented his hypothesis on subatomic particles as waves before the Paris Academy of Sciences in his paper Ondes et quanta. Born: Glen P. Robinson, American businessman and physicist who co-founded Scientific Atlanta; in Crescent City, Florida (d. 2013) Died: Sayed Darwish, 31, Egyptian singer and composer Sukumar Ray, 35, Bengali children's writer and poet, died of a leishmaniasis infection September 11, 1923 (Tuesday) German military police shot six dead in a riot by unemployed people in front of Dresden City Hall. Died: General Zhang Xun, 68, Chinese military officer and royalist who attempted in July 1917 to restore Emperor Xuantong to power with himself as Prime Minister before his coup failed after 11 days. Sigmund Lubin, 72, Polish-born American motion picture producer whose Lubin Manufacturing Company created more than 1,000 films Raymond B. West, 37, American motion picture director who directed more than 70 silent films until sustaining an injury Jean Marie Marcelin Gilibert, 84, French law enforcement officer who organized the National Police of Colombia and became its first Commissioner. September 12, 1923 (Wednesday) Southern Rhodesia became a British colony when the Crown took it over from the British South Africa Company following a 1922 referendum. Finnair, the flag carrier airline of Finland, was incorporated by Bruno Lucander as "Aero O/Y" (Aero Osakeyhtiö, literally "Aero Share Company" or "Aero Corporation") and would begin flights on March 20, 1924. The Convention for the Suppression of the Circulation of and Traffic in Obscene Publications was signed in Geneva by members of the League of Nations, and took effect on August 7, 1924. The melodrama film The Daring Years, starring Mildred Harris, Charles Emmett Mack and Clara Bow, was released. Police in Bulgaria began arrests of over 2,500 communists that the government suspected of plotting an uprising. The town of Atherton, California was formally incorporated after approval by the landowners of the unincorporated community of Fair Oaks, and was named for the late entrepreneur Faxon Atherton. Born: David Westbury, British forensic psychiatrist; in Rugby, Warwickshire (d. 1983) Larry Brink, American football player; in Milaca, Minnesota (d. 2016) September 13, 1923 (Thursday) A military coup orchestrated by General Miguel Primo de Rivera seized control of Spain. A localized uprising around Gorna Dzhumaya in Bulgaria was quickly put down by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. September 14, 1923 (Friday) The Dempsey vs. Firpo boxing match took place before a crowd of 80,000 people at the Polo Grounds in New York City, with world heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey being challenged by Luis Ángel Firpo of Argentina. In the first three-minute round, Firpo knocked Dempsey to one knee; Dempsey knocked Firpo down seven times; and Firpo caused Dempsey to tumble backwards out of the ring. In the second round, Dempsey knocked Firpo out at the 57-second mark to retain the World Heavyweight Championship. IAll five people aboard a Daimler Airway flight from London to Manchester were killed when the de Havilland DH.34 stalled and plummeted to the ground at Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire. Boston Red Sox first baseman George Burns turned an unassisted triple play against the Cleveland Indians. Born: Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, Indian physicist known for the Raychaudhuri equation; in Barisal, Bengal Province, British India (d. 2005) Died: Edward Millen, 62, the first Australian Minister for Repatriation (later the Minister for Veterans' Affairs), and former Minister for Defence September 15, 1923 (Saturday) Miguel Primo de Rivera was sworn in as Prime Minister of Spain and appointed his new cabinet. At de Rivera's behest, King Alfonso XIII suspended the Spanish Constitution and imposed martial law. Oklahoma Governor Jack C. Walton declared "absolute martial law" statewide in his fight against the Ku Klux Klan. The official proclamation said that anyone who aided or abetted the Klan would be "deemed to be enemies of the sovereign state of Oklahoma and shall be dealt with by the military forces of the state." Governor Walton announced further that he was suspending the writ of habeas corpus in Tulsa County. Twelve people were killed and many injured in food riots in the German Silesian town of Sorau. In Britain, French socialite Marguerite Alibert was acquitted in her murder trial. On July 10, she had shot and killed her husband, Ali Kamel Fahmy Bey, at the Savoy Hotel in London. The costume adventure film Scaramouche premiered at the Shubert-Belasco Theater in Washington, D.C. Born: Mikhail Tanich, popular Russian songwriter and 1990 founder of the group Lesopoval; in Taganrog, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (d. 2008) September 16, 1923 (Sunday) The Amakasu Incident occurred in Japan when two anarchists, Sakae Ōsugi and Noe Itō, were beaten to death, along with Sakae's 6-year-old nephew Munekazu Tachibana, by a detachment of the Japanese military police, the Kenpeitai, under the command of Masahiko Amakasu. The bodies of the man, woman and boy were then into a well. The popular Australian comic strip Fatty Finn, created by Syd Nicholls, made its first appearance, debuting in Sydney's Sunday News. The romantic drama Zaza, starring Gloria Swanson and H. B. Warner was released. The Harold Lloyd comedy film Why Worry? was released. Born: Lee Kuan Yew, the first Prime Minister of Singapore (1965 to 1990); in Singapore (d. 2015) Ki. Rajanarayanan, Indian Tamil language writer and folklorist popularly known as Ki.Ra.; in Idaiseval, Madras Province, British India (d. 2021) Died: Sir Walter Davidson, 64, British Governor of the Australian state of New South Wales since 1918, former colonial governor of the Seychelles (1903–1912) and the Dominion of Newfoundland (1913–1917). September 17, 1923 (Monday) Lamar University, located in Beaumont, Texas, began classes as South Park Junior College, so-called because of its location on the third floor of the South Park High School. In 1932, it would be renamed Lamar College in honor of Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president (after Sam Houston) of the Republic of Texas. A fast moving wildfire destroyed 584 houses and 56 other buildings in Berkeley, California, north of the University of California campus. Former Prime Minister Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha returned to Egypt after having spent nearly 15 months in exile in the Seychelles and then five more months in France. The Sutton Vane play Outward Bound premiered at the Everyman Theatre in Hampstead, London, England. Club Deportivo Luis Ángel Firpo, commonly called "L.A. Firpo" and winner of 10 championships in La Primera, El Salvador's top-level soccer league, was founded in the city of Usulután. Originally called Club Deportivo Tecún Umán, it was renamed four days later for Argentine boxer Luis Ángel Firpo, who had recently fought world champion Jack Dempsey. Born: Hank Williams (stage name for Hiram King Williams), influential American country music singer, inducted into both the Country Music Hall of Fame (1961) and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1987); in Butler County, Alabama (d. 1953) Leon Merian (stage name for Leon Megerdichian), Armenian-American jazz trumpeter; in Braintree, Massachusetts (d. 2007) Lieutenant General Liu Yudi, jet pilot flying ace for the People's Liberation Army Air Force of Communist China during the Korean War; in Cangxian, Hebei province (d. 2015) Died: William Henry Merrill, 54, American electrical engineer who founded (in 1894) Underwriters Laboratories to test, and certify as safe, industrial and consumer electrical appliances. September 18, 1923 (Tuesday) Foreign Minister Balingiin Tserendorj became the new Prime Minister of Mongolia after the death of Sodnomyn Damdinbazar. The first holotype specimen of the prehistoric bird Andrewsornis abottii was discovered. Paleontologist John Bernard Abbott of the U.S. found the fossilized remains (an incomplete skull, the lower jaws, part of the shoulder bone and parts of a toe) while on an expedition in Argentina's Chubut Province. The species had become extinct more than 21 million years earlier. The newspapers of New York City were paralyzed by a pressman's strike. Born: Bertha Wilson, Scottish-born Canadian lawyer who became (in 1982) the first woman to serve as a justice on the Supreme Court of Canada; as Bertha Wernham in Kirkcaldy, County Fife (d. 2007) Queen Anne of Romania, French-born wife of King Michael I, having married him after his abdication; as Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma in Paris (d. 2016) Al Quie, American politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and as the Governor of Minnesota (d. 2023) "Lead Pipe Joe" Todaro, American gangster and boss of the Mafia in Buffalo, New York from 1984 to 2006 (d. 2012) September 19, 1923 (Wednesday) The Ernst Toller play The German Hinkemann premiered in Leipzig, about the hardships of a soldier who returns from the war disabled. German nationalists disrupted the premiere of the play and the cast received death threats. The Irish Free State's fourth parliament, the Oireachtas, was opened by Governor-General Tim Healy 23 days after elections for the Dáil Éireann had been held. Died: Kairakutei Black the First (Shodai Kairakutei Burakku, stage name for Henry James Black), 64, Australian-born actor and the first non-Japanese kabuki actor and rakugoka storyteller. September 20, 1923 (Thursday) A communist-led revolt broke out in Bulgaria against the government of Premier Aleksandar Tsankov. The New York Yankees clinched their third straight American League pennant when they defeated the St. Louis Browns 4–3. The 1920 Copa de Honor Cousenier was played after a delay of three years as the 15th, and final annual soccer football game between the winners of the Copas de Honor of Argentina and of Uruguay. Boca Juniors of Buenos Aires defeated Universal of Montevideo, 2 to 0. Born: Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born American poet; in Northern Ireland (d. 1997) Stefan Bozhkov, Bulgarian footballer with 53 games for the national team, later the Bulgarian National Team coach from 1966 to 1970; in Sofia (d. 2014) Ricardo Montez (stage name for Levy Isaac Attias), English TV actor; in Gibraltar (d. 2010) Jimmy Perry, English writer, best known for his work on Dad's Army, It Ain't Half Hot Mum and Hi-de-Hi!; in Barnes, Surrey (d. 2016) Jørgen Rydder, leader of the Danish resistance against the Nazis during World War II; in Aars (executed 1944) Died: Young Sen-yat, 31, Hawaiian-born Chinese aviator and entrepreneur, first director of the Chinese Aviation Bureau, dubbed by President Sun Yat-sen as "The Father of Chinese Aviation", was killed in a torpedo explosion. September 21, 1923 (Friday) The pressman's strike in New York City ended. Died: Dr. Fidel Pagés, 37, Spanish military surgeon who developed the technique of epidural anesthesia, was killed in a traffic accident in the town of Quintanapalla while returning to Madrid after a vacation with his family in Cestona. September 22, 1923 (Saturday) Police cells in Chicago were filled to capacity after 600 arrests were made in a citywide raid on speakeasies. Born: Dannie Abse, Welsh poet; in Cardiff (d. 2014) A. I. Akram, Pakistani Army officer and military historian; in Ludhiana, Punjab Province, British India (now part of Punjab state of India) (d. 1989) Died: Hermann Kiese, 58, German rose cultivator known for creating multiple hybrids, including the Veilchenbdlau blue violet rose September 23, 1923 (Sunday) Lightning strikes killed five competitors in the annual Gordon Bennett Cup balloon race, and injured six others. The dead were U.S. Army lieutenants John W. Choptaw and Robert S. Olmsted, whose S-6 balloon crashed in the Netherlands near Loosbroek; two people on the Swiss balloon Génève which burned after being hit by lightning; and a person on the Spanish balloon Polar. King Boris III of Bulgaria dissolved parliament, which had not met since the overthrow of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, and declared a state of emergency. The Call of the Wild, the first film adaptation of Jack London's 1903 novel of the same name, premiered in the U.S. Born: Socorro Ramos, Philippine entrepreneur and co-founder (in 1942) of the National Book Store chain; in Santa Cruz, Laguna (alive in 2022) Kim Williams (stage name for Elizabeth Kandiko), American writer and public radio commentator; in Gallatin, New York (d. 1986) Died: Carl L. Boeckmann, 56, Norwegian-American artist John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn, 84, British statesman and writer, Secretary of State for India 1905–1910, Lord President of the Council 1910–1914 September 24, 1923 (Monday) Governor Walton of Oklahoma directed all citizen soldiers of the state to be prepared "with such arms as they possess or can obtain to come to the assistance of the sovereign state of Oklahoma when ordered to do so by the governor." Murray State University began classes in the U.S. state of Kentucky as Murray State Normal School, with 202 students in at a former high school building until its permanent campus could be opened. Nearly 100 years later, it would have an enrollment of more than 9,000 students. The U.S. Bureau of Fisheries vessel USFS Curlew rescued 58 of the 75 passengers and crew from the Canadian ferryboat Waubic. Born: Ladislav Fuks, Czech novelist; in Prague, Czechoslovakia (d. 1994) Died: William Henry Ellis, 59, African-American entrepreneur and millionaire who had attempted to create a colony for African-Americans in Mexico's Tlahualilo Municipality. September 25, 1923 (Tuesday) The German government, led by Friedrich Ebert, officially ended its campaign of passive resistance against occupying forces. In response, extremist groups, upset over Germany "losing another war", met to discuss overthrow of the government. Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler met in Munich with the top right-wing leaders who would form the Kampfbund and persuaded them to entrust him as their leader. Ernst Röhm would write later that Hermann Kriebel, Hitler, Hermann Göring of the Sturmabteilung, Adolf Heiss and Joseph Seydel of the Bund Reichskriegsflagge, and Friedrich Weber of the Bund Oberland, conferred on the situation and that "In a magnificent speech lasting two hours and a half, Hitler unraveled a gripping picture of the political situation, and at its conclusion requested us to entrust the full political leadership to him. Tears in his eyes... Heiss extended him his hand and acceded to his request, and Weber followed his example. I was also highly emotional, for I was seeing the concept take shape for which I had yearned for so long. Now I believed that the hour of our liberation was nearer..." The first scheduled passenger airline service by flying boat commenced as British Marine Air Navigation Company began flights with three Supermarine Super Eagle aircraft on flights between Southampton in Britain, and Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands. Born: John J. Graham, American graphic designer, designer of the NBC logo, in New York City (d. 1994) September 26, 1923 (Wednesday) German Chancellor Gustav Stresemann suspended seven articles of the Weimar Constitution and declared a state of emergency. Bavarian Prime Minister Eugen von Knilling appointed Gustav von Kahr State Commissioner and granted him dictatorial powers. Bulgarian troops went on the offensive against the rebels, attacking Ferdinand and Boychinovtsi. The Council of Ambassadors awarded Italy an indemnity of 50 million lire against Greece over the Corfu incident, over British protests. German intelligence agent Lothar Witzke, who had been arrested in 1918 in the United States, was pardoned of his espionage conviction by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge, and deported to Berlin. The San Francisco Opera made its debut, presenting its first program, La bohème, at the city's Civic Auditorium. The dramatic film A Woman of Paris, directed by Charlie Chaplin and starring Edna Purviance, premiered at the Criterion Theatre in Hollywood. Born: Dev Anand (Dharamdev Pishorimal Anand), Indian film actor, director and producer; in Shakargarh Tehsil Punjab Province, British India (now in Pakistan) (d. 2011) Paul J. Kaesberg, German-born American biochemist and virologist; in Engers (d. 2010), Died: Aubrey Herbert, 43, British diplomat and champion of Albanian independence, died of blood poisoning from a dental extraction On two occasions, Herbert had been offered the throne of Albania during a search for a neutral monarch. September 27, 1923 (Thursday) Italian forces withdrew from Corfu in compliance with the Council of Ambassadors agreement. Bulgarian troops captured Ferdinand from the rebels, effectively ending the September Uprising. The first round of voting in Egypt's first parliamentary elections took place as voters selected an electoral college of about 38,000 delegates. The delegates then cast the votes for the 215 seats in the Chamber of Deputies on January 12. A train wreck killed 30 people in the U.S. state of Wyoming after a bridge was washed away by flooding of the North Platte River. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad train was making an overnight trip from Casper, Wyoming toward Denver, Colorado, and was only out of Casper when it plunged into Cole Creek near what is now the community of Meadow Acres in the worst rail accident in Wyoming history. German Army Major Bruno Buchrucker sent out an order directing 4,500 men of the paramilitary group Black Reichswehr to assemble on September 30 to carry out a coup against the German government. The Oklahoma Supreme Court allowed a referendum to go ahead on October 2 in which voters would decide if the state legislature could convene without being called by the governor. If voters approved the measure then impeachment proceedings were sure to go ahead against Governor Jack C. Walton, who was therefore fighting to block the referendum. The Soviet Union deported anarchists Senya Fleshin and Molly Steimer, placing both of them on a ship bound for Germany after they had gone on a hunger strike while in a Soviet prison. Molly Steimer had been deported from the United States on November 24, 1921, after having served prison sentences in the U.S. for anarchist activities. Born: Violetta Farjeon, English stage actress and singer; in Kensington, London (d. 2015) September 28, 1923 (Friday) Abyssinia was admitted to the League of Nations, by unanimous vote of the League's General Assembly. Violent windstorms and flooding struck Louisville, Nebraska and Council Bluffs, Iowa, killing 14 people. The New York Giants beat the Brooklyn Robins 3–0 to clinch the National League pennant and would meet the New York Yankees in the World Series for the third straight year. The British magazine Radio Times began publication. Born: Giuseppe Casale, Italian Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2023) Robert Guestier Goelet, French-born American philanthropist, former president of the American Museum of Natural History; in Amblainville, Oise département (d. 2019) Roedad Khan, long-serving Pakistani government minister for six different prime ministers between from 1958 and 1993; including as Pakistan's Interior Secretary (1978 to 1988); in Mardan, North-West Frontier Province, British India (alive in 2023) Tuli Kupferberg, American singer, poet, and writer (d. 2010) John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch, Scottish captain and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Selkirkshire(d. 2007) William Windom, American actor (d. 2012) September 29, 1923 (Saturday) The British Mandate for Palestine went into effect for what would become the nation of Israel. The French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon went into effect by France's agreement with the League of Nations. Italy's Prime Minister Benito Mussolini ordered the return of 10 million of the 50 million lire that Greece had paid over the Corfu incident and directed it to be spent on needy Greek and Armenian refugees. Bavarian State Commissioner Gustav von Kahr defied the federal government and refused to obey an order directing the suppression of publications by Adolf Hitler. The first U.S. Track & Field championships for women were held, at Weequahic Park in Newark, New Jersey, with 11 events, with four running events, two for jumping, and five for throwing various items, including basketballs and softballs. Born: Roland Gööck, prolific (230 books) German non-fiction author; in Felchta, Free State of Thuringia (d. 1991) Jenny Berthelius, Swedish writer of crime novels and children's books; in Stockholm (d. 2019) September 30, 1923 (Sunday) The Küstrin Putsch was carried out by militants of the Black Reichswehr, led by Bruno Ernst Buchrucker, in an attempt to start a coup against the government by seizing three forts around the city of Küstrin, east of Berlin. A riot broke out in Düsseldorf in Germany after a mob rushed a crowd gathered outdoors to hear a speech by separatist leader Josef Friedrich Matthes. 16 were killed in the fighting. The French airship Dixmude completed a record nonstop flight of 118 hours and 41 minutes from Cuers across the Mediterranean into the Sahara and back towards Paris and then back to Cuers again. The fifth and final film of stage magician Harry Houdini, Haldane of the Secret Service, was released by his own Houdini Picture Corporation. The 84-minute silent adventure film, starring Houdini as "Heath Haldane", was produced by the Houdini Picture Corporation and marked his last venture as a director and an actor. Born: Donald Swann, Welsh composer who was part of the writing team of Flanders and Swann; in Llanelli (d. 1994) Giuseppe Campora, Italian operatic tenor; in Tortona (d. 2004) Thérèse Gouin Décarie, Canadian Quebecois developmental psychologist; in Montreal (alive in 2023) References External links 1923 1923-09 1923-09
The Băița is a right tributary of the river Fleț in Romania. It discharges into the Fleț near Sântu. Its length is and its basin size is . References Rivers of Romania Rivers of Mureș County
Lorenzo Marto "Chico" Fernández Mosquera (April 23, 1939 – November 30, 2020) was a Cuban professional baseball player who appeared in 24 games played during for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball. He threw and batted right-handed, stood tall and weighed . Fernández was primarily a shortstop and second baseman during his minor league career, which began in 1958 in the Detroit Tigers' system. (Coincidentally, the MLB Tigers would feature Humberto "Chico" Fernández, a fellow Cuban, as their regular shortstop between and .) In 1962, Lorenzo Fernández departed the Detroit organization briefly, playing in the Milwaukee Braves' system, and the next year he joined the Chicago White Sox organization. Baltimore acquired him after the season. He made the 1968 Orioles' Major League roster out of spring training. In his debut, as a pinch hitter on April 20 against the California Angels at Anaheim Stadium, he singled off Angel pitcher Bobby Locke in the eighth inning of a 10–1 Oriole triumph. It would be almost four months (August 16) before he would get his second hit, also a pinch single and this off Minnesota Twins' left-hander Jim Kaat. Fernández started only two games, a doubleheader against the Athletics at Oakland on June 16. Otherwise he served as a late-inning replacement for regular Baltimore shortstop Mark Belanger or second baseman Davey Johnson. He compiled 19 plate appearances and included one base on balls with his two hits during the season. He briefly played for the 1969 Rochester Red Wings before leaving the game. Fernández died November 30, 2020. References External links , or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League) 1939 births 2020 deaths Baltimore Orioles players Decatur Commodores players Denver Bears players Durham Bulls players Evansville White Sox players Florida Instructional League White Sox players Indianapolis Indians players Knoxville Smokies players Louisville Colonels (minor league) players Lynchburg White Sox players Major League Baseball infielders Major League Baseball players from Cuba Cuban expatriate baseball players in the United States Montgomery Rebels players Navegantes del Magallanes players Rochester Red Wings players Baseball players from Havana
Abbeystead House is a large country house to the east of the village of Abbeystead, Lancashire, England, some 12 km (7 miles) south-east of Lancaster. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. History Abbeystead House was built in 1886 as a shooting lodge for the 4th Earl of Sefton. It was designed by the Chester firm of architects Douglas & Fordham, who added gun and billiard rooms in 1894. The estate holds the record for the biggest grouse bag in a day; when on 12 August 1915, 2,929 birds were shot by eight guns (shooters). In 1980 the Abbeystead Estate, totalling and including the house, was bought by a trust relating to the family of the Duke of Westminster. Architecture The house is built in sandstone rubble with slate roofs in Elizabethan style. Its plan is an L-shape, with south and east ranges partly enclosing a courtyard. The south range forms the main block while the east range is the service wing which incorporates a four-storey castellated tower. To the east of the main house subsidiary buildings form a second courtyard. The south range has two storeys plus attics and is entered by a porch on its north side. The façade of the north (entrance) front is irregular, and consists of five bays, three of which project forward and are surmounted by gables of different sizes with ball finials. The front also includes mullioned and transomed windows, a dormer, and a pair of round-headed arches in ground floor of the right bay. The outer doorway of the porch has a Tudor arch with the Molyneux arms carved above; it is flanked by small single-storey turrets. The south (garden) front also has five bays, three of which project forward and two of these are canted. The front again contains mullioned and transomed windows and each bay has a gable with a ball finial. Tall brick chimneys rise from the roofs. Internally, the entrance hall has two fireplaces with panelled overmantels; one of the panels carries a carving of the Molyneux arms. At the back of the room is a timber arcade and the staircase has barley-sugar balusters. Douglas' biographer, Hubbard, describes Abbeystead as the finest of Douglas' Elizabethan houses and one of the finest and largest he ever designed. Hubbard also suggested that Douglas' plan of a house with irregular gables and a tower grouped round a courtyard may have been inspired by nearby Lancashire medieval houses with pele towers, such as Borwick Hall. However, as Hartwell and Pevsner point out, Douglas also designed towers for his houses in Cheshire and Wales, so it may rather have been "rooted in his own style". Associated buildings At the same time that Abbeystead House was being built, Douglas and Fordham designed two lodges for the estate. Lancaster Lodge stands at the head of the drive leading to the house. This has an L-shaped plan and is "quietly Elizabethan" in style. It is a Grade II listed building. York Lodge stands to the east on the road to Dunsop Bridge and is also listed Grade II. In 1891–92 the same architects designed stables and an adjoining pair of cottages for the house. See also Listed buildings in Over Wyresdale List of houses and associated buildings by John Douglas References Citations Sources Houses completed in 1886 Grade II listed buildings in Lancashire John Douglas buildings Buildings and structures in the City of Lancaster Country houses in Lancashire Grade II listed houses Grosvenor family
The Antiproton Cell Experiment (ACE), AD-4, at the Antiproton Decelerator facility at CERN, Geneva, was started in 2003. It aims to assess fully the effectiveness and suitability of antiprotons for cancer therapy. In 1947, Robert R. Wilson introduced particle beam therapy, as heavy charged particles tend to have a finite range in water (therefore, in the human body) and an advantageous depth-dose profile compared to that of electrons or X-rays. Following such ideas, the hunt for an 'ideal' particle for cancer therapy began. And ACE collaboration was set up to measure and compare the relative biological effectiveness of protons and antiprotons. The results from ACE experiment showed that antiprotons required to break down the tumor cells were four times less than the number of protons required. The effect on healthy tissues due to antiprotons was significantly less. Although the experiment ended in 2013, further research and validation still continue, owing to the long procedures of bringing in novel medical treatments. See also Antiproton Decelerator References External links ACE experiment at CERN ACE in CERN Greybook Record for ACE experiment on INSPIRE-HEP Particle experiments CERN experiments
The Hammam as-Saffarin (or Saffarin Hammam, Hammam Seffarine, etc.) is a historic hammam (bathhouse) in the medina (old city) of Fes, Morocco. It is located on the southwest side of Place Seffarine, across from the Madrasa Saffarin and south of the Qarawiyyin Mosque. History The hammam dates back to the 14th century during the Marinid period. It was probably originally intended to cater to the local coppersmiths who worked in the boutiques and workshops around Place Seffarine. It is one of many hammams which have survived in the city, thanks in part to the continued popularity of the hammam in Moroccan culture over the centuries and to the present day. Local inhabitants associate this hammam with the tombs of two Sufi Muslim saints, Sidi Tallouk and Sidi Ahmad Skalli, although no physical tombs are visible and the exact relation between the hammam and the saints is not clearly established. Nonetheless, the baraka (blessings) of the saints are often believed to contribute to the purification that can be achieved at the hammam. This popular or mystical association with certain Muslim saints characterizes many hammams in Fez. The hammam has generally preserved its traditional layout. It was recently underwent restoration under the supervision of architect Rachid Halaoui, as part of an Austrian-led project to restore various historic hammams across the Mediterranean region. Social function The Saffarin Hammam and other hammams in traditional Moroccan urban centers plays an important social and spiritual role. They allowed for the local population, especially the poorer inhabitants, to perform ablutions as well as maintaining general health and cleanliness. Even today, it is still serves as an economically accessible facility for poorer urban residents. The hammam was also involved in other cleanliness rituals and traditions associated with weddings, childbirths, and circumcision. Newlyweds come to the hammam for washing and prayer and have a special corner reserved for them where they light candles. Women who have given birth also come to the hammam to receive a special massage. Accordingly, hammams were also important spaces for women as they were one of the few public institutions that provided them with a female-only space outside the home. (Most hammams had separate hours of operation for men and women, while the Saffarin hammam was one of the few to have separate facilities for both.) Women have thus also been instrumental in passing down many of the social traditions associated with the hammam. Architecture and operation As with some other hammams in the city, the Saffarin Hammam is situated next to a well or natural spring which provides some of its water and is built in a sloped area which made drainage easier. Like other hammams in the city, the hammam structure is not very prominent from the exterior, but is recognizable from the rooftops by its pierced domes which are characteristic of hammam architecture. From Place Seffarine it is marked only by a horseshoe arch entrance, from which a bent passage leads to the interior. The layout of the hammam is similar to that of most historic bathhouses in the city and was inherited from the Roman bathhouse model. The first room entered from the street, and the largest, was the undressing room (mashlah in Arabic or goulsa in the local Moroccan Arabic dialect), equivalent to the Roman apodyterium. The undressing room of the Saffarin Hammam distinguished itself by being more richly decorated than that of most Moroccan hammams. The chamber consists of a large square marked out by four columns, covered by a large high dome, which is set inside a large square whose corners are covered by four smaller much domes. The main dome and the arches of the chamber are decorated with carved stucco motifs, while the lower walls are covered in zellij tilework. The southwestern wall of the chamber features a wall fountain decorated with colourful geometric patterns in zellij, below which is a water basin. The chamber also includes seats and storage lockers around its perimeter. Near the entrance is also a reception area or desk where visitors can pay for services. Visitors were generally entitled to four or five buckets of water, and had to pay if they wanted more. From the undressing room visitors proceeded to the bathing/washing area which consisted of three rooms. Among the historic hammams in Fes, the Saffarin Hammam is unique in having separate rooms for men and women. This allowed the hammam to be open to both sexes all day long, instead of holding separate opening hours for men and women. The three rooms, in order, are: the cold room (el-barrani in the local Arabic dialect), equivalent to the frigidarium, the middle room or warm room (el-wasti in Arabic), equivalent to the tepidarium, and the hot room (ad-dakhli in Arabic), equivalent to the caldarium. All three rooms are covered in vaulted roofs. The warm rooms also have small side chamber or alcoves which can provide additional privacy for bathers. The passage leading from the undressing room to the cold room also gave access to a set of latrines (toilets today) along the way. The hammam had two furnaces (one for the women's section and one for the men's section) which, for efficiency, were located at the back of the complex right behind the hot rooms, but at a lower level than the adjoining chambers. The warm and hot rooms were heated using a traditional hypocaust system just as Roman bathhouses did. Hot smoke from the fires passed under the floors of the rooms and then rose through flues inside the walls and up to the chimneys. Water was heated in two enormous brass cauldrons (fabricated in the workshops of Place Seffarine outside) which were placed over the fires. The heated water was then carried and poured into a large water basin (called a burma) in the middle of the hot room. From this basin, water was also carried in buckets to the warm room. The furnaces require constant fuel and thus needed to be manned by labourers throughout the hammam's hours of operation. Fuel, which was transported directly to the hammam on the backs of donkeys, was provided by wood but also by recycling the waste by-products of other industries in the city such as wood shavings from carpenters' workshops and olive pits from the nearby olive presses. This traditional system continued to be used even up to the 21st century. See also Oued Fes Hammam al-Mokhfiya Hammam Ben Abbad References External links Photo of the hammam's interior in 2023 (Flickr) Buildings and structures in Fez, Morocco Public baths in the Arab world

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