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Pedro de Tovar (born 1501) was a Spanish explorer, military man and colonial administrator. He was part of Francisco Vazquez de Coronado's expedition and led the first expedition to Cibola in 1540. Tovar was also the first European to hear about the existence of the Grand Canyon, although he did not get to see it. He was also a member of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán's troops during the conquest of Nueva Galicia, as well as collaborating in the colonization of Guadalajara and the foundation of Culiacán, in modern Mexico. After that, he was alcalde of Nueva Galicia and Culiacán.
Biography
Tovar was born in 1501, in a family of hidalgos belonging to the House of Boca de Huergano. Tovar was brother of Sancho de Tovar and nephew of the Viceroy of New Spain and Peru Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco. During his career, he achieved the position of regidor of Sahagún, in León, Spain.
In 1531, he was part of the troops of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, with whom he conquered Nueva Galicia and founded Culiacán, in Sinaloa. He also participated in the colonization of Guadalajara, in Jalisco, in modern Mexico, being one of its first colonists.
Tovar joined Coronado's expedition in 1541 and assumed the titles of captain and alferez mayor (ensign) of the expedition.
Coronado's troop searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola. Initially, they thought that the cities were in the Hawikuh territory, one of the Zuni tribes, in New Mexico. However, the Hawikuh opposed the Spanish entry into their lands, so both groups clashed. The Coronado's troop defeated them, so the Zuni made a peace treaty with them. However, the Spaniards did not find the gold they were looking for.
So, a week later, Coronado sent Tovar and his troop westward in search of Cibola. During their journey, Tovar's team reached the lands of the Hopi Amerindians in Arizona. However, just like the Zuni, the Hopi did not allow them to enter their lands and the Spanish had to fight them. During the confrontation some Hopi died, so they surrendered and allowed him to visit their lands. The natives provided them with gifts in peace, as well as accepted to develop a trade with Tovar's troop.
Although the Hopi were unaware of the existence of Cibolo and their lands were scarce in wealth, Tovar heard about the presence of a great river (The Colorado) to the west of them, which captured his attention. Not having been able to find Cibola, Tovar returned to Hawikuh and spoke with Coronado about the presence of the river near the Hopi lands.
In 1542 Tovar returned to Culiacan, the place he helped to found, and there he lived the rest of his life. He acquired two encomiendas near the aforementioned province. The first one employed a thousand men and the other four hundred. The workers of his encomiendas, as was usual in Spanish America, had to obey him and pay him tribute. At the end of the 1540s, Tovar took over Anacatarimeto's encomienda and later also got the one in Mocorito's, in Sinaloa. According to Historian Richard Flint, Tovar was alcalde mayor of Nueva Galicia in 1549 and of Culiacán in 1564.
Personal life
Tovar married Francisca de Guzmán, daughter of a governor of Cuba. His grandson, Hernándo de Tovar, was a priest.
Legacy
Tovar is credited as being the first white person to be seen by the Hopi.
El Tovar, a hotel built in 1905 in Arizona's Grand Canyon's South Rim, was named after him.
References
1501 births
Year of death unknown
Spanish explorers of North America
Explorers of Arizona |
```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
requests.exceptions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This module contains the set of Requests' exceptions.
"""
from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
class RequestException(IOError):
"""There was an ambiguous exception that occurred while handling your
request.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Initialize RequestException with `request` and `response` objects."""
response = kwargs.pop('response', None)
self.response = response
self.request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
if (response is not None and not self.request and
hasattr(response, 'request')):
self.request = self.response.request
super(RequestException, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
class HTTPError(RequestException):
"""An HTTP error occurred."""
class ConnectionError(RequestException):
"""A Connection error occurred."""
class ProxyError(ConnectionError):
"""A proxy error occurred."""
class SSLError(ConnectionError):
"""An SSL error occurred."""
class Timeout(RequestException):
"""The request timed out.
Catching this error will catch both
:exc:`~requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout` and
:exc:`~requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout` errors.
"""
class ConnectTimeout(ConnectionError, Timeout):
"""The request timed out while trying to connect to the remote server.
Requests that produced this error are safe to retry.
"""
class ReadTimeout(Timeout):
"""The server did not send any data in the allotted amount of time."""
class URLRequired(RequestException):
"""A valid URL is required to make a request."""
class TooManyRedirects(RequestException):
"""Too many redirects."""
class MissingSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
"""The URL schema (e.g. http or https) is missing."""
class InvalidSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
"""See defaults.py for valid schemas."""
class InvalidURL(RequestException, ValueError):
"""The URL provided was somehow invalid."""
class InvalidHeader(RequestException, ValueError):
"""The header value provided was somehow invalid."""
class InvalidProxyURL(InvalidURL):
"""The proxy URL provided is invalid."""
class ChunkedEncodingError(RequestException):
"""The server declared chunked encoding but sent an invalid chunk."""
class ContentDecodingError(RequestException, BaseHTTPError):
"""Failed to decode response content"""
class StreamConsumedError(RequestException, TypeError):
"""The content for this response was already consumed"""
class RetryError(RequestException):
"""Custom retries logic failed"""
class UnrewindableBodyError(RequestException):
"""Requests encountered an error when trying to rewind a body"""
# Warnings
class RequestsWarning(Warning):
"""Base warning for Requests."""
pass
class FileModeWarning(RequestsWarning, DeprecationWarning):
"""A file was opened in text mode, but Requests determined its binary length."""
pass
class RequestsDependencyWarning(RequestsWarning):
"""An imported dependency doesn't match the expected version range."""
pass
``` |
Johann Christoph Haizmann (1651/52 – 14 March 1700) was a Bavarian-born Austrian painter who is known for his autobiographically depicted demonical neurosis. The so-called Haizmann case has been studied in psychology and psychiatry since the early twentieth century, especially by Sigmund Freud and Gaston Vandendriessche.
Early life
Christoph Haizmann was born in Traunstein, Bavaria, in 1651 or 1652.
Facts
Little is known about him before 1677. He was an impoverished painter, and when he lost a parent, he allegedly sold his soul to the devil in 1668, to be his bounden son for nine years; after that time, Haizmann’s body and soul were to belong to the devil. Haizmann claimed that he gave two pacts to the devil, one written in ink and the other in his own blood.
Exorcisms
However, in 1677, when the pacts were due, he became anxious and made a pilgrimage to Mariazell, and after a successful exorcism, the pact in blood was given back to him by the devil.
As the demonic infestations continued, Haizmann concluded that another exorcism was necessary to retrieve also the pact on ink; that happened in 1678.
Painting
Haizmann painted several pictures of the appearances of the devil (a triptych and a series of eight portraits with captions) and kept a diary of his visions.
Later life and death
After his demonical neurosis, Haizmann became a Brother Hospitaller. He died in 1700 in Neustadt an der Mettau in Bohemia (currently Nové Město nad Metují in Czech).
Manuscript record and research
To preserve the details of the successful exorcism, a manuscript, partly in Latin, partly in German, was composed sometime between 1714 and 1729, titled Trophæum Mariano-Cellense. It was rediscovered in the archive in the early 1920s, and Sigmund Freud was the first to analyze it in an article entitled “A Seventeenth-Century Demonological Neurosis” (1923). After him, several other writers have discussed the case. The most extensive research (including two books) has probably been carried out by the Belgian psychologist Gaston Vandendriessche; other notable writers include Michel de Certeau and H. C. Erik Midelfort.
A facsimile of the Trophæum Mariano-Cellense manuscript, along with an English translation, colour illustrations and critique of Freud, was published in 1956 by Ida Macalpine and Richard A. Hunter: Schizophrenia, 1677: A Psychiatric Study of an Illustrated Autobiographical Record of Demoniacal Possession.
Haizmann in popular culture
In 2003, a low-budget horror mockumentary Searching for Haizmann was released. According to the storyline of this movie, Haizmann, as the son of the devil, is the Anti-Christ, and he didn’t die in 1700 but was smuggled to America and he still lives there.
Literature
Allen, David F. 1999: Schizophrenia 1677? La “controverse” Freud, Macalpine et Hunter. Critique de la raison psychiatrique: Éléments pour une histoire raisonnée de la schizophrénie, pp. 77–99. Érès, Toulouse.
Bergande, Wolfram 2003: 9t – ein Rebus Freuds? Analysen Texte: Dokumentation Rebus Tagung 23. August 2003, pp. 39–45. PDF version.
Certeau, Michel de 1988 [1970]: What Freud Makes of History: A Seventeenth-Century Demonological Neurosis. The Writing of History, pp. 287–307. (Translated by Tom Conley.) Columbia University Press, New York.
Freud, Sigmund 1961 [1923]: A Seventeenth-Century Demonological Neurosis. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud XIX, pp. 72–105. The Hogarth Press, London.
Harnischfeger, Johannes 2003: »Eine Teufelsneurose im siebzehnten Jahrhundert« – Sigmund Freuds Lektüre einer fernen Krankengeschichte. Psyche 4, vol. 57, pp. 313–342.
Jones, Ernest 1957: Sigmund Freud, Life and Work 3. The Last Phase, 1911–1939. The Hogarth Press, London.
Kretzenbacher, Leopold 1951: Faust in Mariazell: Nachtrag zur Chronik des Wiener Goethe-Vereins, XXXIV, S. 1 ff. Chronik des Wiener Goethe-Vereins (vol. 55), pp. 28–30.
Kudszus, Winfried G. 1992: Freud’s Faust Case, Christoph Haitzmann. Signs of Humanity. L’homme et ses signes. Vol. 2 (edited by Michel Balat et alii), pp. 1043–1048. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
Macalpine, Ida – Hunter, Richard A. 1954: Observations on the Psychoanalytic Theory of Psychosis: Freud’s “A Neurosis of Demoniacal Possession in the Seventeenth Century.” The British Journal of Medical Psychology (vol. 27), pp. 175–192.
Macalpine, Ida – Hunter, Richard A. 1956: Schizophrenia, 1677: A Psychiatric Study of an Illustrated Autobiographical Record of Demoniacal Possession. W. Dawson, London.
Midelfort, H. C. Erik 1986: Catholic and Lutheran Reactions to Demon Possession in the Late Seventeenth Century. Daphnis: Zeitschrift für mittlere Deutsche Literatur (vol. 15), pp. 623–648.
Payer-Thurn, Richard 1924: Faust in Mariazell. Chronik des Wiener Goethe-Vereins, (vol. 34), pp. 1–18.
Renoux, Christian 2000: L’affaire Haizmann: une possession baroque. Essaim 5, pp. 115–137.
Renoux, Christian 2002: Freud et l’affaire Haizmann. Psychoanalytische Perspectieven 2 (vol. 20), pp. 309–325.
Renoux, Christian 2011: Christoph Haizmann († 1700) entre démons familiers et ange gardien. Boudet, Jean-Patrice - Faure, Philippe - Renoux, Christian 2011: De Socrate à Tintin. Anges gardiens et démons familiers de l'Antiquité à nos jours. PUR, Rennes.
Thurn, David H. 1993: Fideikommißbibliothek: Freud’s “Demonological Neurosis.” MLN: Modern Language Notes 5 (vol. 108), pp. 849–874.
Urtubey, Luisa de 1983: Freud et le diable. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1962: Het Haizmann-geval van Sigmund Freud: Onderzoek betreffende het grondmateriaalen de psychologische interpretaties. (Unpublished dissertation.) Leuven.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1964: Het probleem van de dood van de vader in het Haizmann-geval van Sigmund Freud. Nederlands tijdsschrift voor de Psychologie en haar grensgebieden (vol. 19), pp. 446–467.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1965: The Parapraxis in the Haizmann Case of Sigmund Freud. Publications Universitaires, Louvain.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1975: La bisexualité dans le cas Haizmann: Un cas de possession démoniaque étudié par Freud. Revue française de Psychanalyse (vol. 39), pp. 999–1012.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1978: Ambivalence et anti-ambivalence dans le cas Haizmann de Freud: Le choix impossible d’un psychotique. Revue française de Psychanalyse (vol. 42), pp. 1081–1088.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1985–1986: Johann Christoph Haitzmann – ein Teufelsbündler im 17. Jahrhundert. Mitteilungsblatt der Kulturverwaltung der Stadt St. Pölten, issues 11/1985, p. 43– & 12/1985, pp. 46–48 & 1/1986, p. 3–.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1986a: Der Teufelsbündler Johann Christoph Haitzmann. Prinz Eugen und das barocke Österreich (edited by Karl Gutkas), p. 348. Kuratorium zur Veranstaltung der Ausstellung, Wien. Online version.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1986b: Johann Christoph Haitzman (1651–1700): Barocke Teufelsaustreibung in Mariazell. Welt des Barock (edited by Rupert Feuchtmüller & Elisabeth Kovács), pp. 141–145. Herder & Co., Wien.
Vandendriessche, Gaston 1991: Christoph Haitzman’s Paintings: An Unknown Seventeenth-Century Pictorial Codex of Diseases and Medicaments. Actes du XXXIIe Congrès International d’Histoire de la Médecine: Anvers 3–7 septembre 1990 (edited by Eric Fierens et alii), pp. 1167–1176. Societas Belgica Historiae Medicinae, Bruxelles.
External links
Haizmann’s paintings in a Finnish edition of Freud (PDF)
Searching for Haizmann at IMDb
1650s births
1700 deaths
17th-century Austrian painters
Austrian male painters
Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God Order
Exorcised people
Exorcism in the Catholic Church
People from Traunstein
Deal with the Devil |
The women's 10,000 metres at the 1998 European Athletics Championships was held at the Népstadion on 19 August.
Medalists
Results
Final
References
Results
Results
Results
10000
10,000 metres at the European Athletics Championships
Marathons in Hungary
1998 in women's athletics |
```php
<?php
namespace Orchid\Tests\Unit\Screen;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Orchid\Platform\Models\User;
use Orchid\Screen\TD;
use Orchid\Tests\App\Components\SimpleShowValue;
use Orchid\Tests\App\Components\SimpleShowValueWithArguments;
use Orchid\Tests\TestUnitCase;
class TDComponentAsValueTest extends TestUnitCase
{
/**
* @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|mixed
*/
protected $user;
protected function setUp(): void
{
parent::setUp();
$this->user = User::factory()->make();
}
public function testTdSimpleComponent(): void
{
$view = TD::make('email')
->asComponent(SimpleShowValue::class)
->buildTd($this->user);
$this->assertStringContainsString($this->user->email, $view);
}
public function testTdWithoutArgumentComponent()
{
$view = TD::make('email')
->asComponent(SimpleShowValueWithArguments::class)
->buildTd($this->user);
$this->assertStringContainsString("Hello {$this->user->email} from Alexandr", $view);
$this->assertStringContainsString(app()->version(), $view);
}
public function testTdArgumentComponent(): void
{
$view = TD::make('email')
->asComponent(SimpleShowValueWithArguments::class, [
'from' => 'Sasha',
])
->buildTd($this->user);
$this->checkedArgument($view);
}
public function testTdArgumentView(): void
{
$view = TD::make('email')
->asComponent(SimpleShowValueWithArguments::class, [
'from' => 'Sasha',
])
->buildTd($this->user);
$this->checkedArgument($view);
}
public function testTdArgumentViewUsingComponent(): void
{
$view = TD::make('email')
->usingComponent(SimpleShowValueWithArguments::class, from: 'Sasha')
->buildTd($this->user);
$this->checkedArgument($view);
}
public function testTdArgumentViewWithClosureArgument(): void
{
$view = TD::make('email')
->asComponent(SimpleShowValueWithArguments::class, [
'from' => fn () => 'Sasha',
])
->buildTd($this->user);
$this->checkedArgument($view);
}
public function testTdAnonymousComponentWithClosureArguments(): void
{
$view = TD::make('email')
->asComponent('exemplar::simple-anonymous-component', [
'property1' => fn ($email) => $email.'3333',
'property2' => fn ($email) => $email.'4444',
])
->buildTd($this->user);
$this->assertStringContainsString($this->user->email.'3333', $view);
$this->assertStringContainsString($this->user->email.'4444', $view);
}
protected function checkedArgument(View $view)
{
$this->assertStringContainsString("Hello {$this->user->email} from Sasha", $view);
$this->assertStringContainsString(app()->version(), $view);
}
}
``` |
```c++
#pragma once
#include <steem/plugins/json_rpc/utility.hpp>
#include <steem/plugins/follow/follow_objects.hpp>
#include <steem/plugins/database_api/database_api_objects.hpp>
#include <steem/plugins/reputation_api/reputation_api.hpp>
#include <steem/protocol/types.hpp>
#include <fc/optional.hpp>
#include <fc/variant.hpp>
#include <fc/vector.hpp>
namespace steem { namespace plugins { namespace follow {
using steem::protocol::account_name_type;
using steem::plugins::reputation::account_reputation;
namespace detail
{
class follow_api_impl;
}
struct feed_entry
{
account_name_type author;
string permlink;
vector< account_name_type > reblog_by;
time_point_sec reblog_on;
uint32_t entry_id = 0;
};
struct comment_feed_entry
{
database_api::api_comment_object comment;
vector< account_name_type > reblog_by;
time_point_sec reblog_on;
uint32_t entry_id = 0;
};
struct blog_entry
{
account_name_type author;
string permlink;
account_name_type blog;
time_point_sec reblog_on;
uint32_t entry_id = 0;
};
struct comment_blog_entry
{
database_api::api_comment_object comment;
string blog;
time_point_sec reblog_on;
uint32_t entry_id = 0;
};
struct api_follow_object
{
account_name_type follower;
account_name_type following;
vector< follow::follow_type > what;
};
struct reblog_count
{
account_name_type author;
uint32_t count;
};
struct get_followers_args
{
account_name_type account;
account_name_type start;
follow::follow_type type;
uint32_t limit = 1000;
};
struct get_followers_return
{
vector< api_follow_object > followers;
};
typedef get_followers_args get_following_args;
struct get_following_return
{
vector< api_follow_object > following;
};
struct get_follow_count_args
{
account_name_type account;
};
struct get_follow_count_return
{
account_name_type account;
uint32_t follower_count = 0;
uint32_t following_count = 0;
};
struct get_feed_entries_args
{
account_name_type account;
uint32_t start_entry_id = 0;
uint32_t limit = 500;
};
struct get_feed_entries_return
{
vector< feed_entry > feed;
};
typedef get_feed_entries_args get_feed_args;
struct get_feed_return
{
vector< comment_feed_entry > feed;
};
typedef get_feed_entries_args get_blog_entries_args;
struct get_blog_entries_return
{
vector< blog_entry > blog;
};
typedef get_feed_entries_args get_blog_args;
struct get_blog_return
{
vector< comment_blog_entry > blog;
};
typedef reputation::get_account_reputations_args get_account_reputations_args;
typedef reputation::get_account_reputations_return get_account_reputations_return;
struct get_reblogged_by_args
{
account_name_type author;
string permlink;
};
struct get_reblogged_by_return
{
vector< account_name_type > accounts;
};
struct get_blog_authors_args
{
account_name_type blog_account;
};
struct get_blog_authors_return
{
vector< reblog_count > blog_authors;
};
class follow_api
{
public:
follow_api();
~follow_api();
DECLARE_API(
(get_followers)
(get_following)
(get_follow_count)
(get_feed_entries)
(get_feed)
(get_blog_entries)
(get_blog)
(get_account_reputations)
/**
* Gets list of accounts that have reblogged a particular post
*/
(get_reblogged_by)
/**
* Gets a list of authors that have had their content reblogged on a given blog account
*/
(get_blog_authors)
)
private:
std::unique_ptr< detail::follow_api_impl > my;
};
} } } // steem::plugins::follow
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::feed_entry,
(author)(permlink)(reblog_by)(reblog_on)(entry_id) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::comment_feed_entry,
(comment)(reblog_by)(reblog_on)(entry_id) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::blog_entry,
(author)(permlink)(blog)(reblog_on)(entry_id) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::comment_blog_entry,
(comment)(blog)(reblog_on)(entry_id) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::api_follow_object,
(follower)(following)(what) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::reblog_count,
(author)(count) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_followers_args,
(account)(start)(type)(limit) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_followers_return,
(followers) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_following_return,
(following) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_follow_count_args,
(account) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_follow_count_return,
(account)(follower_count)(following_count) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_feed_entries_args,
(account)(start_entry_id)(limit) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_feed_entries_return,
(feed) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_feed_return,
(feed) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_blog_entries_return,
(blog) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_blog_return,
(blog) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_reblogged_by_args,
(author)(permlink) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_reblogged_by_return,
(accounts) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_blog_authors_args,
(blog_account) );
FC_REFLECT( steem::plugins::follow::get_blog_authors_return,
(blog_authors) );
``` |
Horrido is a 1924 German silent film directed by Johannes Meyer and starring Robert Leffler, Rudolf Forster and Lia Eibenschütz.
The film's art direction was by Otto Erdmann and Hans Sohnle.
Cast
Robert Leffler
Rudolf Forster
Lia Eibenschütz
Heinrich Schroth
Charlotte Ander
Viktor Schwannecke
Henry Bender
Carl Zickner
Georg Baselt
Paul Rehkopf
Jenny Nansen
Hermann Leffler
References
External links
1924 films
Films of the Weimar Republic
Films directed by Johannes Meyer
German silent feature films
German black-and-white films
Films about hunters
UFA GmbH films |
Extreme-G 2, also known as Extreme G: XG2, is a racing video game developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Acclaim Entertainment for Nintendo 64 and Microsoft Windows. It is the sequel to Extreme-G and is followed by Extreme-G 3.
Gameplay
This iteration, as with all Extreme-G games, is about futuristic racing: pilots race plasma-powered Tron-like bikes in an intergalactic Grand Prix at speeds that are over 999 mph. Each of the machines have their own handling characteristics, with varying top speeds, armor values and traction values. All of the machines in the game have an energy meter—with two separate energy stores for protective shields and a basic primary weapon. If a machine loses all of its shield energy, it will explode on contact, causing the player to lose a life or the match. It is also possible for players to fall off the tracks when driving through jumps or similar obstacles. In this case, the player is simply teleported back to the track. Players are given three "Nitro" boosts per race. Extreme-G has a championship mode ranging from novice to expert, shoot-em-up mode (named "Arcade Mode" in XG2), multiplayer racing, and deathmatch. In shoot-em-up/arcade mode, computer drones follow a lunar path while the player attempts to destroy them with Extreme-G's arsenal of weapons.
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. N64 Magazine editor Jes Bickham felt that Extreme-G 2 was better than its predecessor, but worse than F-Zero X and Wipeout 64. IGN criticised the gameplay, stating that the N64 version was "nowhere near its competition" despite improved controls and tracks. The graphics were criticised for its stuttering framerates and over-filtering.
The Nintendo 64 version was a finalist by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences for "Console Racing Game of the Year" during the 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, which ultimately went to Gran Turismo.
References
External links
1998 video games
Acclaim Entertainment games
Nintendo 64 games
Probe Software games
Science fiction racing games
Vehicular combat games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games |
The Oil Fields and Santa Fe Railway ("Oil Fields") was an Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway ("AT&SF") subsidiary. It owned trackage in and about the Cushing-Drumright Oil Field in Oklahoma, and was leased to and operated by the AT&SF from its inception in the 1915-1916 timeframe until its merger into the AT&SF in 1941. All of its tracks were abandoned by 1963.
History
To take advantage of possible traffic in the promising oil and gas area known as the Cushing-Drumright Field, two predecessor rail lines were created. The Cushing Traction Company was incorporated under the General Laws of Oklahoma on May 23, 1914. It was an electrified interurban with pretentions of joining the towns of Cushing, Oilton, and Drumright in Oklahoma, but only managed by 1915 to build 10 miles of track east-northeast from Cushing to the ephemeral town of Pemeta, Oklahoma, just to the northwest of Drumright, although it purchased additional right-of-way elsewhere. Meanwhile, the Oil Belt Terminal Railway Company was incorporated under the General Laws of Oklahoma on September 23, 1914, and built 8 miles of track in 1915 from Jennings, Oklahoma south to Oilton.
The AT&SF was interested in getting in on trade in the field, and incorporated the Oil Fields and Santa Fe Railway Company as a wholly-owned subsidiary under the General Laws of Oklahoma on April 7, 1915. Oil Fields then purchased the assets of the other two companies on May 7, 1915, and completed building additional trackage in 1915 from Pemeta east and north to Oilton, 5.9 miles, and from a junction on that line around Frey, Oklahoma (just southeast of Pemeta) going south to Drumright. The completed system, from Cushing to Jennings with a branch to Drumright, was leased to the AT&SF effective January 1, 1916 and operated as a standard-gauge steam railway.
The primary traffic on the approximately 28.4 mile system was petroleum and agricultural products, though passengers were also carried. The line interchanged with the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad ("Katy") and the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway ("Frisco") at Jennings, the Frisco at Drumright, and the AT&SF and Katy at Cushing.
As the field depleted and pipelines began carrying the petroleum, the AT&SF began abandonments. On March 1, 1934, the ICC approved abandonment of the line from Oilton to Jennings, about 7.4 miles. Passenger service was discontinued May 15, 1939. On January 16, 1942, based on an application filed the previous February, the ICC approved abandonment from the Frey junction to Oilton, about 4.2 miles, leaving the latter town without rail service.
About this same time, Oil Fields was officially merged into the AT&SF, the ICC approval occurring June 28, 1941. In subsequent history, the remaining line from Cushing to Drumright was abandoned with ICC approval dated February 15, 1963.
References
Oklahoma railroads
Defunct Oklahoma railroads |
Pniów may refer to the following places:
Pniów, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
Pniów, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
Pniów, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
Pniów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
Pniv, village in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine, which was known as Pniów when it was part of Poland.
Pinnow, Brandenburg, village in Germany, near the border with Poland, known as Pniów in Polish. |
The Olmeta (, ) is a small coastal stream in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France.
It enters the Mediterranean Sea from the west of the Cap Corse peninsula.
Course
The Olmeta is long and flows through the commune of Olmeta-di-Capocorso.
It rises in the center of the peninsula between the Monte Prunu to the southwest and the Monte Stello to the northeast.
It flows west past the village of Olmeta-di-Capocorso to enter the sea in the village of Negru.
Its mouth is between the mouths of the Fium'Albino to the south and the Guadu Grande to the north.
Ancient bridge
The Genoese built the Negru Bridge across the Olmeta river to carry the old road to Saint-Florent.
It was in the center of the Marine de Negru, which gives the village of Olmeta di Capocorso access to the sea.
It was among the highest and longest in Corsica.
In 1785 it was damaged by a flood and was repaired by the government of Louis XVI.
The bridge was washed away by the flood of 24 November 2016, leaving only the two piles on each bank of the river.
The Fondation du patrimoine launched a project to rebuild the bridge at a cost of €445,000, with the work scheduled to start in the fall of 2021.
The rebuilt bridge would appear identical to the original, but two "scars" would make it possible to distinguish the surviving piles from the rebuilt part.
Genoese tower
The Tour de Negro or Torra di Negru, a Genoese tower, guards the river's mouth at the north end of the beach.
The tower was one of a series of coastal defenses built by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates.
The tower was built around 1559–1560.
Tributaries
The following streams (ruisseaux) are tributaries of the Olmeta (ordered by length):
Pierragia:
Pastinella:
Lori:
Tenzione:
Monte Grosso:
Canarinca:
Notes
Sources
Rivers of Haute-Corse
Rivers of France
Coastal basins of the Mediterranean Sea in Corsica |
The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce (HKGCC; ) was founded on 29 May 1861, and is the oldest and one of the largest business organizations in Hong Kong. It has around 4,000 corporate members, who combined employ around one-third of Hong Kong's workforce. It is a self-funding, not-for-profit organization that promotes and represents the interests of the Hong Kong business community. A core function of its work is to formulate recommendations on improving the business environment, which its 23 industry-specific committees constantly analyze and make regular submissions to HKSAR Government officials and policy makers.
The Chamber's key services are advocacy, events, networking and business services. It also issues Certificates of Origin, ATA Carnet, and Certificate of Business Identity among other business documentation services via its six branches around Hong Kong.
History
Foundation
The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce was founded on 29 May 1861, just 20 years after the foundation of the Colony of Hong Kong with Alexander Perceval of British owned trading conglomerate Jardine, Matheson & Co as its first chairman. The original membership consisted of 62 companies.
At that inaugural meeting, the Chamber's role was stated to be:
"... to watch over and protect the general interests of Commerce, to collect information on all matters of interest to the Mercantile Community, and to use every means within its power for the removal of evils, the redress of grievances, and the promotion of the common good; to communicate with authorities and other thereupon; to form a code of practice whereby the transaction of business may be simplified and facilitated; to receive references; and to arbitrate between disputants -- the decisions in such references to be recorded for future guidance."At the Chamber's inauguration the annual subscription fee was HK$100 for firms and HK$50 for individuals. At that time a box at the theatre cost HK$20, chair coolies took C25 to hire, C10 bought one pound of steaks or one dozen eggs. The Chamber's first secretary, J.C. Baldwin, received a salary of HK$125 per month.
At the General Meeting held in May 1863 the Chairman, James Macandrew, proposed that specialist groups be established to address subjects affecting various industries. The idea continues to this day in the form of 23 special interest committees within the Chamber.
In 1867 the Chamber's Annual General Meeting was open to the press. From that year, Chamber matters were brought into the public domain.
2 January 1884, at a special General Meeting held at City Hall, Thomas Jackson, chief manager of the Hongkong Bank, was elected the first Chamber Legco representative, and the Chamber became the first "functional constituency" in Hong Kong's law making body.
Structure
HKGCC is a member-led organization dedicated to improving the business environment in Hong Kong and its competitiveness. The General Committee is the governing body of the Chamber responsible for Chamber policies and fiscal management. Its membership comprises 24 members drawn from Hong Kong's leading business executives, professionals, bankers and industrialists.
Under the General Committee are 23 industry and specialist committees, whose members are experts in their particular industries. They provide advice and guidance to the General Committee on policy formation for Hong Kong.
Members who are eligible also elect HKGCC's representative to the Legislative Council to the Commercial (First) Functional Constituency.
Business Knowledge
HKGCC regularly organizes seminars, roundtable forums and conferences, as well as company visits, overseas business missions and networking events. On average it organizes around 500 events every year. It also regularly holds training programs to allow member companies’ staff to upgrade their skills and knowledge.
Greater Bay Area Survey 2020
HKGCC, KPMG China, and HSBC commissioned YouGov to conduct a survey of 747 business executives in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao to gauge their expectations for opportunities in Mainland China's rapidly developing Greater Bay Area (GBA). The technology and innovation sector is expected to benefit most from the development of the region, with most firms in this industry aiming to take advantage of the deep pool of talent the GBA offers. Financial services and trade and logistics complete the top three sectors seen as major beneficiaries of the GBA initiative.
Membership
HKGCC's membership is composed of around 4,000 companies, which include multinational companies, SMEs and start-ups, from Hong Kong, Mainland China and internationally. Collectively they employ around 1 million people, or roughly one-third of Hong Kong's workforce. Over 50% of flagship corporations listed on the Hang Seng Index are members of HKGCC.
Membership Categories
The HKGCC offers 4 different membership categories for businesses and individuals.
1) Full Membership: Covers all employees in the member company. Full members can apply to join and vote in committee elections, and the LegCo elections.
2) Individual Associate: Provides access to certain information and opportunities.
3) Overseas Associate: For companies from Mainland China and around the world.
4) CO Subscriber: Provides discounts for trade documentation services provided by HKGCC.
Business Documentation Services
The Chamber provides certification services in 5 districts in Hong Kong, and is the biggest location network in Hong Kong. It began issuing Certificates of Origin in 1920, and is the sole authorised organisation for issuing ATA Carnet documents. It also provides Document Endorsement, Consulate Endorsement Facilitation and Paper to EDI Conversion issued are fully recognized by consulates, banks and customs houses throughout the world.
Community engagement
Good Citizen Award
HKGCC has been the sole sponsor of the Good Citizen Award since its inception in 1973. The Award rewards citizens who have contributed to the safety of the community by assisting the police catch criminals. The scheme was set up as part of the first Fight Crime Campaign, funded by donations from Chamber members and the community. Over the years, more than 3,600 citizens have been commended for their bravery in combating crime.
Business-School Partnership Programme
Established in 2001, the programme matches secondary schools with companies to allow students to get hands-on experience to gain a better understanding of the commercial world. Participating schools and companies jointly develop regular activities during an academic year and include company visits, leadership talks, interview workshops and internships.
Business Case Competition
The annual Business Case Competition encourages university students and fresh graduates to use their creativity and knowledge to solve cases set by some of the Chamber's member companies. Each year the themes have a strong environmental and sustainability element.
List of Chairpersons
CEPA
In HKGCC's report “China’s Entry into the WTO and its Impact on Hong Kong Business”, released on 18 January 2000, one of the key recommendations was to explore the possibility of setting up a regional trade agreement (RTA), also sometimes called a “free trade agreement”, as a concrete means to enhance further integration of trade and economic relations between Hong Kong and Mainland China. After China's accession to the WTO in 2001, HKGCC once again presented the idea to Tung Chee-hwa, the then HKSAR Chief Executive. The idea struck a chord with Tung who then put forward the RTA concept to the Central Government. On 20 December 2001, Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, told Tung that the Central Government formally agreed to the suggestion, and consultation would begin immediately.
In January 2002, discussions between the HKSAR and the Central governments formally began, and a regional trade agreement was hammered out and formally named “Mainland/Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement” or CEPA. HKGCC then submitted a paper entitled “Topwards a Regional Trade Agreement between China and HKSAR” to Antony Leung on 21 January 2002, put forward seven principles to guide the discussions on the RTA, emphasizing that CEPA must be compliant with WTO principles.
Despite being put on hold for months due to the outbreak of SARS during March – June 2003, negotiations resumed and CEPA's text was finally concluded by the Central and HKSAR government negotiators, and signed on 29 June 2003.
Environmental policy
The Chamber claims to support environmental protection. In partnership with Hong Kong Business Coalition on the Environment, the Clean Air Charter was introduced in 2005 to encourage Hong Kong and Guangdong companies to reduce air pollution. More than 600 companies have endorsed the Charter.
References
External links
The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce Official website
Clean Air Charter Official website
Certificates of Origin Services, HKGCC Official website
Customs & Excise Department, HKSAR Government Official website
Chambers of commerce in Hong Kong
1861 establishments in Hong Kong |
Vanessa Williams (born 1963) is an American actress and singer who was named Miss America in 1984.
Vanessa Williams may also refer to:
Vanessa Estelle Williams (born 1963), American actress known for her role in the drama series Soul Food
Vanessa R. Williams (born 1960), American gospel singer
Vanessa Williams (Sierra Leonean model), Sierra Leonean model and beauty pageant titleholder |
Brendan Carr may refer to:
Brendan Carr (politician), Irish politician
Brendan Carr (lawyer), American lawyer
Brendan Carr (physician), American medical doctor and professor |
is a passenger railway station located in the city of Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number T20.
Lines
The station is served by the JR Shikoku Kōtoku Line and is located 13.4 km from the beginning of the line at Takamatsu. Only local services stop at the station.
Layout
Sanuki-Mure Station consists of a side platform serving a single track. There is no station building, only a weather shelter on the platform for waiting passengers and a "Tickets Corner" (a small shelter housing an automatic ticket vending machine). A ramp leads up to the platform from the access road. A bike shed is provided at the station entrance.
History
Japanese National Railways (JNR) opened Sanuki-Mure Station on 1 November 1986 a temporary stop on the existing Kōtoku Line. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, JR Shikoku assumed control and the stop was upgraded to a full station.
Surrounding area
Yakuri-Shinmichi Station, operated by Kotoden
Kagawa Prefectural Takamatsu Kita Junior and Senior High School
Japan National Route 11
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
Station timetable
Railway stations in Kagawa Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1986
Railway stations in Takamatsu |
San Leone, once called the oratory or church of Santo Spirito, is a small Baroque-style Roman Catholic church located adjacent to the Vivarelli Colonna (now provincial offices) in Pistoia, region of Tuscany, Italy. In 2017, restoration of the Baroque era frescoes in the apse and ceilings were completed.
History
The site by the 13th century housed an oratory of the prominent Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Santo Spirito). That congregation and the oratory were patronized by the wealthy aristocratic Cancellieri Bianchi family, who owned the adjacent Palazzo, now serving as provincial office. However, during the early 16th century, this family had joined the anti-Medici party in Tuscany, and with the restoration of the latter family to the rule in the region, the Cancellieri palaces in town, as well as their fortunes, suffered extremely. The adjacent palace was burned down by forces led by the Panciatichi family. The oratory remained property of the Congregation.
The oratory was refurbished in the 17th century, adding the portico and laminating the interior with marble and quadratura. During this time, the interiors were embellished with the altarpieces (1622) depicting: on the right the Resurrection by Giovanni Lanfranco for the Arfaruoli family and on left the Ascension of Christ by Stefano Marucelli for the Bronconi family. During 1753–1764, the apse and presbytery dome were decorated initially starting with Raffaello Ulivi, but mostly with the efforts of Vincenzo Meucci and Lorenzo del Moro with a large fresco depicting the Descent of the Holy Spirit. Moro contributed to the quadratura and lateral walls. In 1764, Mauro Tesi completed the nave ceiling frescoes. Between 1710 and 1773, the oratory was detached from the Congregation of Santo Spirito and granted to the bishop's seminary, who changed the dedication to San Leone.
In 2017, the church interiors underwent restoration, and the Luca della Robbia terracotta sculpture of the Visitation, originally from San Giovanni Fuorcivitas was displayed in the oratory. The church remains property of the Diocese.
Gallery
References
14th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Roman Catholic churches in Pistoia
Baroque architecture in Tuscany |
Acidovorax caeni is a gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family that was isolated from the activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in Belgium. Colonies are yellow–brown.
References
External links
Type strain of Acidovorax caeni at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Comamonadaceae
Bacteria described in 2008 |
```c++
/*
* Question Description:
* (Question 58 in <Coding Intervies>) How do you print a binary tree by level, in top down order,
* with each level in a line? Nodes in a level should be printed from left to right.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "..\Utilities\BinaryTree.h"
#include <queue>
void Print(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
if(pRoot == NULL)
return;
std::queue<BinaryTreeNode*> nodes;
nodes.push(pRoot);
int nextLevel = 0;
int toBePrinted = 1;
while(!nodes.empty())
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode = nodes.front();
printf("%d ", pNode->m_nValue);
if(pNode->m_pLeft != NULL)
{
nodes.push(pNode->m_pLeft);
++nextLevel;
}
if(pNode->m_pRight != NULL)
{
nodes.push(pNode->m_pRight);
++nextLevel;
}
nodes.pop();
--toBePrinted;
if(toBePrinted == 0)
{
printf("\n");
toBePrinted = nextLevel;
nextLevel = 0;
}
}
}
// ==================== Test Code ====================
// 8
// 6 10
// 5 7 9 11
void Test1()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(6);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode10 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(10);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode9 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode11 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(11);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode8, pNode6, pNode10);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode6, pNode5, pNode7);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode10, pNode9, pNode11);
printf("====Test1 Begins: ====\n");
printf("Expected Result is:\n");
printf("8 \n");
printf("6 10 \n");
printf("5 7 9 11 \n\n");
printf("Actual Result is: \n");
Print(pNode8);
printf("\n");
DestroyTree(pNode8);
}
// 5
// 4
// 3
// 2
void Test2()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, NULL);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, pNode3, NULL);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, pNode2, NULL);
printf("====Test2 Begins: ====\n");
printf("Expected Result is:\n");
printf("5 \n");
printf("4 \n");
printf("3 \n");
printf("2 \n\n");
printf("Actual Result is: \n");
Print(pNode5);
printf("\n");
DestroyTree(pNode5);
}
// 5
// 4
// 3
// 2
void Test3()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, NULL, pNode4);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, NULL, pNode3);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, NULL, pNode2);
printf("====Test3 Begins: ====\n");
printf("Expected Result is:\n");
printf("5 \n");
printf("4 \n");
printf("3 \n");
printf("2 \n\n");
printf("Actual Result is: \n");
Print(pNode5);
printf("\n");
DestroyTree(pNode5);
}
void Test4()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
printf("====Test4 Begins: ====\n");
printf("Expected Result is:\n");
printf("5 \n\n");
printf("Actual Result is: \n");
Print(pNode5);
printf("\n");
DestroyTree(pNode5);
}
void Test5()
{
printf("====Test5 Begins: ====\n");
printf("Expected Result is:\n");
printf("Actual Result is: \n");
Print(NULL);
printf("\n");
}
// 100
// /
// 50
// \
// 150
void Test6()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode100 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(100);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode50 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(50);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode150 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(150);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode100, pNode50, NULL);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode50, NULL, pNode150);
printf("====Test6 Begins: ====\n");
printf("Expected Result is:\n");
printf("100 \n");
printf("50 \n");
printf("150 \n\n");
printf("Actual Result is: \n");
Print(pNode100);
printf("\n");
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Test1();
Test2();
Test3();
Test4();
Test5();
Test6();
return 0;
}
``` |
Cameron Stewart Baird, (7 June 1981 – 22 June 2013) was a soldier in the Australian Army who was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia, the highest award in the Australian honours system. Baird was the fourth person to receive the Victoria Cross for Australia during Operation Slipper.
Early life
Baird was born in Burnie, Tasmania, on 7 June 1981, the son of Kaye and Doug Baird, a former Carlton Football Club player who, at the time, was coaching the Cooee Football Club. In 1984, Cameron, his parents and older brother Brendan, moved to Victoria and grew up in Gladstone Park, a north western suburb of Melbourne. Baird was educated at Gladstone Views Primary School before completing his Victorian Certificate of Education at Gladstone Park Secondary College.
Baird was a talented junior Australian rules footballer who played with the Calder Cannons and one game for Geelong in the Victorian Football League. He nominated for the 1999 AFL draft, but suffered a shoulder injury late in the 1999 season, and was not selected by any AFL teams. He joined the army shortly afterwards.
Military career
Baird joined the Army in January 2000 and upon completion of his initial employment training was posted to the then 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (Commando), now the 2nd Commando Regiment, in February 2000. After being discharged in 2004, Baird re-enlisted in 2006 and in both periods of service, he was assigned to the 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (Commando).
Military operations
During Corporal Baird's service in the Australian Army he deployed on the following operations:
Operation TANAGER (Timor-Leste) – April 2001 – October 2001
Operation BASTILLE (Iraq) – February 2003 – March 2003
Operation FALCONER (Iraq) – March 2003 – May 2003
Operation SLIPPER (Afghanistan) – August 2007 – January 2008
Operation SLIPPER (Afghanistan) – March 2009 – July 2009
Operation SLIPPER (Afghanistan) – July 2011 – February 2012
Operation SLIPPER (Afghanistan) – February 2013 – June 2013.
Medal for Gallantry
In 2007, Baird was awarded the Medal for Gallantry for his actions in a search and clearance operation of a Taliban stronghold.For gallantry in action during close quarters combat in Afghanistan on Operation SLIPPER.Lance Corporal Cameron Stewart Baird was part of a Commando Company mission assigned for clearance and search of a Taliban stronghold in November 2007. During the initial phase of the clearance, Lance Corporal Baird's Platoon came under heavy fire and during the ensuing close-range fire-fight, a member of his team was mortally wounded. Displaying complete disregard for his own safety, Lance Corporal Baird led other members of his team forward under heavy fire from machine guns and assault rifles to recover the wounded team member back to a position of cover.He then re-entered the compound and continued to engage the enemy. Even though under constant fire, Lance Corporal Baird continually moved amongst his team members coordinating their fire, and throwing grenades to neutralise the enemy machine gun positions. Once the close quarter battle had been won, Lance Corporal Baird again led his team forward and began room-to-room clearance, where he was again engaged by several enemies. Lance Corporal Baird continued to lead the fight, killing several enemies and successfully completing the clearance.Throughout the action, Lance Corporal Baird displayed conspicuous gallantry, composure and superior leadership under fire. He was personally responsible for killing several enemy combatants during the clearance, ensuring the momentum of the assault was maintained, and undoubtedly preventing further members of his section from becoming casualties. His performance and his actions were of the highest order and were in the finest traditions of the Australian Army and the Australian Defence Force.
Victoria Cross for Australia
In February 2014, Baird was awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia. Baird was killed in operations in Afghanistan on 22 June 2013. The citation for his Victoria Cross reads:
Legacy
Baird's portrait appears on a 70c Australian postage stamp, in the 2015 'Australian Legends' series. The other four stamps in the series, also all 70c denominations, feature other VC recipients.
With the support of Baird's parents, Baird's image was used for the 2023 ANZAC Day jersey for the Gold Coast Titans.
Honours and awards
References
1981 births
2013 deaths
Australian Army soldiers
Australian military personnel killed in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Australian recipients of the Victoria Cross
People from Burnie, Tasmania
Recipients of the Medal for Gallantry
Military personnel from Tasmania
Calder Cannons players
Recipients of the NATO Meritorious Service Medal
People from the City of Hume
Military personnel from Melbourne |
Umashankar Gupta is an Indian politician that formerly served as Minister of Revenue and Science & Technology in the BJP-led Government of Madhya Pradesh from 2013 to 2018. He lost in the 2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections to Congress leader P. C. Sharma.
References
Living people
State cabinet ministers of Madhya Pradesh
1952 births
People from Sagar district
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2003–2008
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2013–2018 |
Quail Hollow Park is a county park in Stark County, Ohio, in the United States. The park was opened to the public in 1975. It was previously a privately owned family farm and later a hunting camp. Quail Hollow Park is open for year-round recreation and features trail that are open to hiking, mountain biking and cross-country skiing, a small pond for fishing and ice skating as well as group camping (advance reservation only) and picnic facilities.
History
The land in and around Quail Hollow Park was inhabited by various Native American tribes. The last tribe to call the area home before being forced out by the encroachment of Anglo-American settlers in the Ohio Country were the Lenape, also known as the Delaware.
The first permanent settler in the area was Conrad Brumbaugh. He cleared some land and began farming in the area in 1820. The homestead remained in the Brumbaugh family until 1914, when it was purchased by Harry Bartlett Stewart. Stewart was the chairman of the board of the Akron, Canton and Youngstown Railroad. Initially the Stewarts used homestead for a hunting camp before eventually expanding the home and making their permanent residence on what they called the Minnie Taylor Farm, named for Mr. Stewart's wife, Minnie.
Harry Stewart passed the land onto his son, Harry Bartlett Stewart, Jr. The Stewarts continued to improve the buildings on the Minnie Taylor farm. The original house was expanded into what they called a manor with Greek Revival and Federal architecture influences.
The Stewarts remained at Minnie Taylor farm until 1975 when the sold it to the state of Ohio for half the appraised value. The land was purchased from the Stewarts with financial help from the United States Department of the Interior. Quail Hollow State Park was established on May 15, 1975. It became Quail Hollow Park in 2016, when the State of Ohio and the Stark County Park District made an agreement for Stark Parks to manage the park as part of the county park district.
Ecology
Quail Hollow Park is in a rich agricultural area. Northeast Ohio is part of the Interior Plains region of North America. The land is largely flat with a few hills that are a remnant of the last ice age. Small glacial lakes, known as kettle lakes are spread throughout the region. These lakes formed when the glaciers gouged out a depression in the land and large clumps of ice broke off the receding glaciers filling the holes and creating lakes.
One of these kettle lakes has shrunk into what is best classified as a bog at Quail Hollow Park. This bog provides a habitat for and abundance of plants and wildlife. Poison sumac grows in the sphagnum bog. There is a remnant tall grass prairie in the park that supports sneezeweed, blazing star and various other prairie plants. The mixed tree forests of the park provide habitat for white-tailed deer, spring peepers, wild turkey, chorus and green frogs, raccoons, garter snakes, blue gill and red foxes.
Recreation
Quail Hollow Park is open for year-round recreation. There is a primitive campground that is open to large groups such as the Scouts and church youth groups. The campground is remote and is without running water or trash facilities. All water and trash must be carried in and out. The park has 19 miles of trails open to hiking, mountain biking and cross-country skiing. Careful observers will see some wildlife along the trail along with a variety of plant species. There are eight nature trails in the park. Quail Hollow Park has a five mile horse trail. Shady Lane Pond is open to fishing with a valid Ohio fishing license. The picnic area and playground are near Shady Lane Pond.
References
External links
Quail Hollow Park Stark Parks
Quail Hollow State Park Ohio Department of Natural Resources
State parks of Ohio
Protected areas of Stark County, Ohio
Protected areas established in 1975
Nature centers in Ohio |
```c
/* edit_packet_comment_dlg.c
* Dialog box for editing or adding packet comments.
*
* Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer
* By Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include "ui/main_statusbar.h"
#include "ui/gtk/dlg_utils.h"
#include "ui/gtk/expert_comp_dlg.h"
#include "ui/gtk/gui_utils.h"
#include "ui/gtk/main.h"
#include "ui/gtk/packet_list.h"
#include "ui/gtk/edit_packet_comment_dlg.h"
static GtkWidget *edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg = NULL;
static GtkWidget *edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg = NULL;
static void
pkt_comment_text_buff_ok_cb(GtkWidget *w _U_, GtkWidget *view)
{
GtkTextBuffer *buffer;
GtkTextIter start_iter;
GtkTextIter end_iter;
gchar *new_packet_comment;
buffer = gtk_text_view_get_buffer (GTK_TEXT_VIEW (view));
gtk_text_buffer_get_start_iter (buffer, &start_iter);
gtk_text_buffer_get_end_iter (buffer, &end_iter);
new_packet_comment = gtk_text_buffer_get_text (buffer, &start_iter, &end_iter, FALSE /* whether to include invisible text */);
/*g_warning("The new comment is '%s'",new_packet_comment);*/
packet_list_update_packet_comment(new_packet_comment);
expert_comp_packet_comment_updated();
status_expert_update();
window_destroy(edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg);
}
static void
capture_comment_text_buff_ok_cb(GtkWidget *w _U_, GtkWidget *view)
{
GtkTextBuffer *buffer;
GtkTextIter start_iter;
GtkTextIter end_iter;
gchar *new_capture_comment;
buffer = gtk_text_view_get_buffer (GTK_TEXT_VIEW (view));
gtk_text_buffer_get_start_iter (buffer, &start_iter);
gtk_text_buffer_get_end_iter (buffer, &end_iter);
new_capture_comment = gtk_text_buffer_get_text (buffer, &start_iter, &end_iter, FALSE /* whether to include invisible text */);
/*g_warning("The new comment is '%s'",new_capture_comment);*/
cf_update_capture_comment(&cfile, new_capture_comment);
/* Update the main window as appropriate */
main_update_for_unsaved_changes(&cfile);
status_capture_comment_update();
window_destroy(edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg);
}
void
edit_packet_comment_dlg (GtkAction *action _U_, gpointer data _U_)
{
GtkWidget *vbox;
GtkWidget *view;
GtkWidget *scroll;
GtkWidget *bbox;
GtkWidget *ok_bt, *cancel_bt, *help_bt;
GtkTextBuffer *buffer;
gchar *opt_comment;
edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg = dlg_window_new ("Edit or Add Packet Comments");
gtk_widget_set_size_request (edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg, 500, 160);
gtk_window_set_resizable (GTK_WINDOW (edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg), TRUE);
gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg), DLG_OUTER_MARGIN);
vbox = ws_gtk_box_new(GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, DLG_UNRELATED_SPACING, FALSE);
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg), vbox);
gtk_widget_show (vbox);
view = gtk_text_view_new ();
gtk_text_view_set_wrap_mode(GTK_TEXT_VIEW(view), GTK_WRAP_WORD);
buffer = gtk_text_view_get_buffer (GTK_TEXT_VIEW (view));
gtk_widget_show (view);
scroll = gtk_scrolled_window_new(NULL, NULL);
gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy(GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW(scroll),
GTK_POLICY_NEVER, GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(scroll), view);
gtk_widget_show(scroll);
gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX (vbox), scroll, TRUE, TRUE, 0);
/* Get the comment */
opt_comment = packet_list_get_packet_comment();
/*g_warning("Fetched comment '%s'",opt_comment);*/
if(opt_comment){
gtk_text_buffer_set_text(buffer, opt_comment, -1);
g_free(opt_comment);
}
/* Button row. */
bbox = dlg_button_row_new (GTK_STOCK_OK, GTK_STOCK_CANCEL, GTK_STOCK_HELP, NULL);
gtk_box_pack_end (GTK_BOX(vbox), bbox, FALSE, FALSE, 0);
ok_bt = (GtkWidget *)g_object_get_data (G_OBJECT(bbox), GTK_STOCK_OK);
g_signal_connect (ok_bt, "clicked", G_CALLBACK(pkt_comment_text_buff_ok_cb), view);
gtk_widget_set_sensitive (ok_bt, TRUE);
cancel_bt = (GtkWidget *)g_object_get_data (G_OBJECT(bbox), GTK_STOCK_CANCEL);
window_set_cancel_button (edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg, cancel_bt, window_cancel_button_cb);
help_bt = (GtkWidget *)g_object_get_data (G_OBJECT(bbox), GTK_STOCK_HELP);
#if 0
g_signal_connect (help_bt, "clicked",/* G_CALLBACK(topic_cb)*/NULL, /*(gpointer)HELP_MANUAL_ADDR_RESOLVE_DIALOG*/NULL);
#endif
gtk_widget_set_sensitive (help_bt, FALSE);
gtk_widget_grab_default (ok_bt);
g_signal_connect (edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg, "delete_event", G_CALLBACK(window_delete_event_cb), NULL);
gtk_widget_show (edit_or_add_pkt_comment_dlg);
}
static void
edit_capture_comment_destroy_cb(GtkWidget *win _U_, gpointer user_data _U_)
{
/* Note that we no longer have an "Edit Capture Comment" dialog box. */
edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg = NULL;
}
void
edit_capture_comment_dlg_launch (GtkAction *action _U_, gpointer data _U_)
{
GtkWidget *vbox;
GtkWidget *view;
GtkWidget *scroll;
GtkWidget *bbox;
GtkWidget *ok_bt, *cancel_bt, *help_bt;
GtkTextBuffer *buffer = NULL;
const gchar *comment_str = NULL;
if (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg != NULL) {
/* There's already an "Edit Capture Comment" dialog box; reactivate it. */
reactivate_window(edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg);
return;
}
edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg = dlg_window_new ("Edit or Add Capture Comments");
gtk_widget_set_size_request (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg, 500, 160);
gtk_window_set_resizable (GTK_WINDOW (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg), TRUE);
gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg), DLG_OUTER_MARGIN);
g_signal_connect(edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg, "destroy",
G_CALLBACK(edit_capture_comment_destroy_cb), NULL);
vbox = ws_gtk_box_new(GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, DLG_UNRELATED_SPACING, FALSE);
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg), vbox);
gtk_widget_show (vbox);
view = gtk_text_view_new ();
gtk_text_view_set_wrap_mode(GTK_TEXT_VIEW(view), GTK_WRAP_WORD);
buffer = gtk_text_view_get_buffer (GTK_TEXT_VIEW (view));
gtk_widget_show (view);
scroll = gtk_scrolled_window_new(NULL, NULL);
gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy(GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW(scroll),
GTK_POLICY_NEVER, GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(scroll), view);
gtk_widget_show(scroll);
gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX (vbox), scroll, TRUE, TRUE, 0);
/* Get the comment */
comment_str = cf_read_shb_comment(&cfile);
if(comment_str != NULL){
gtk_text_buffer_set_text (buffer, comment_str, -1);
}
/* Button row. */
bbox = dlg_button_row_new (GTK_STOCK_OK, GTK_STOCK_CANCEL, GTK_STOCK_HELP, NULL);
gtk_box_pack_end (GTK_BOX(vbox), bbox, FALSE, FALSE, 0);
ok_bt = (GtkWidget *)g_object_get_data (G_OBJECT(bbox), GTK_STOCK_OK);
g_signal_connect (ok_bt, "clicked", G_CALLBACK(capture_comment_text_buff_ok_cb), view);
gtk_widget_set_sensitive (ok_bt, TRUE);
cancel_bt = (GtkWidget *)g_object_get_data (G_OBJECT(bbox), GTK_STOCK_CANCEL);
window_set_cancel_button (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg, cancel_bt, window_cancel_button_cb);
help_bt = (GtkWidget *)g_object_get_data (G_OBJECT(bbox), GTK_STOCK_HELP);
#if 0
g_signal_connect (help_bt, "clicked",/* G_CALLBACK(topic_cb)*/NULL, /*(gpointer)HELP_MANUAL_ADDR_RESOLVE_DIALOG*/NULL);
#endif
gtk_widget_set_sensitive (help_bt, FALSE);
gtk_widget_grab_default (ok_bt);
g_signal_connect (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg, "delete_event", G_CALLBACK(window_delete_event_cb), NULL);
gtk_widget_show (edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg);
}
void
edit_capture_comment_dlg_hide(void)
{
window_destroy(edit_or_add_capture_comment_dlg);
}
/*
* Editor modelines - path_to_url
*
* Local Variables:
* c-basic-offset: 2
* tab-width: 8
* indent-tabs-mode: nil
* End:
*
* vi: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=8 expandtab:
* :indentSize=2:tabSize=8:noTabs=true:
*/
``` |
Gaël Le Bohec (born 4 November 1977) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who served as a member of the French National Assembly from 2017 to 2022, representing the department of Ille-et-Vilaine.
Early career
Le Bohec was born in Nantes and first worked in the industrial sector with large companies. In 2015, he founded a company that helps hospitals with management and organizing stocks. He also teaches Logistics and Support Processes at the EHESP.
Political career
In parliament, Le Bohec served on the Committee on Cultural Affairs and Education. In addition to his committee assignments, he was part of the French Parliamentary Friendship Group with São Tomé and Príncipe.
On 3 May 2022, Le Bohec announced that he would be standing down at the 2022 French legislative election.
Other activities
Agence France-Presse (AFP), Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2017)
Political positions
In July 2019, Le Bohec voted in favor of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
References
1977 births
Living people
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Renaissance (French political party) politicians
Members of Parliament for Ille-et-Vilaine |
```python
# @package homotopy_weight
# Module caffe2.fb.python.layers.homotopy_weight
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from caffe2.python import core, schema
from caffe2.python.layers.layers import ModelLayer
import numpy as np
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
'''
Homotopy Weighting between two weights x, y by doing:
alpha x + beta y
where alpha is a decreasing scalar parameter ranging from [min, max] (default,
[0, 1]), and alpha + beta = max + min, which means that beta is increasing in
the range [min, max];
Homotopy methods first solves an "easy" problem (one to which the solution is
well known), and is gradually transformed into the target problem
'''
class HomotopyWeight(ModelLayer):
def __init__(
self,
model,
input_record,
name='homotopy_weight',
min_weight=0.,
max_weight=1.,
half_life=1e6,
quad_life=3e6,
atomic_iter=None,
**kwargs
):
super(HomotopyWeight,
self).__init__(model, name, input_record, **kwargs)
self.output_schema = schema.Scalar(
np.float32, self.get_next_blob_reference('homotopy_weight')
)
data = self.input_record.field_blobs()
assert len(data) == 2
self.x = data[0]
self.y = data[1]
# TODO: currently model building does not have access to iter counter or
# learning rate; it's added at optimization time;
self.use_external_iter = (atomic_iter is not None)
self.atomic_iter = (
atomic_iter if self.use_external_iter else self.create_atomic_iter()
)
# to map lr to [min, max]; alpha = scale * lr + offset
assert max_weight > min_weight
self.scale = float(max_weight - min_weight)
self.offset = self.model.add_global_constant(
'%s_offset_1dfloat' % self.name, float(min_weight)
)
self.gamma, self.power = self.solve_inv_lr_params(half_life, quad_life)
def solve_inv_lr_params(self, half_life, quad_life):
# ensure that the gamma, power is solvable
assert half_life > 0
# convex monotonically decreasing
assert quad_life > 2 * half_life
t = float(quad_life) / float(half_life)
x = t * (1.0 + np.sqrt(2.0)) / 2.0 - np.sqrt(2.0)
gamma = (x - 1.0) / float(half_life)
power = np.log(2.0) / np.log(x)
logger.info(
'homotopy_weighting: found lr param: gamma=%g, power=%g' %
(gamma, power)
)
return gamma, power
def create_atomic_iter(self):
self.mutex = self.create_param(
param_name=('%s_mutex' % self.name),
shape=None,
initializer=('CreateMutex', ),
optimizer=self.model.NoOptim,
)
self.atomic_iter = self.create_param(
param_name=('%s_atomic_iter' % self.name),
shape=[1],
initializer=(
'ConstantFill', {
'value': 0,
'dtype': core.DataType.INT64
}
),
optimizer=self.model.NoOptim,
)
return self.atomic_iter
def update_weight(self, net):
alpha = net.NextScopedBlob('alpha')
beta = net.NextScopedBlob('beta')
lr = net.NextScopedBlob('lr')
comp_lr = net.NextScopedBlob('complementary_lr')
scaled_lr = net.NextScopedBlob('scaled_lr')
scaled_comp_lr = net.NextScopedBlob('scaled_complementary_lr')
if not self.use_external_iter:
net.AtomicIter([self.mutex, self.atomic_iter], [self.atomic_iter])
net.LearningRate(
[self.atomic_iter],
[lr],
policy='inv',
gamma=self.gamma,
power=self.power,
base_lr=1.0,
)
net.Sub([self.model.global_constants['ONE'], lr], [comp_lr])
net.Scale([lr], [scaled_lr], scale=self.scale)
net.Scale([comp_lr], [scaled_comp_lr], scale=self.scale)
net.Add([scaled_lr, self.offset], [alpha])
net.Add([scaled_comp_lr, self.offset], [beta])
return alpha, beta
def add_ops(self, net):
alpha, beta = self.update_weight(net)
# alpha x + beta y
net.WeightedSum([self.x, alpha, self.y, beta], self.output_schema())
``` |
Exchange was a station on the Chicago "L" Stock Yards branch. Its ridership information is missing in 1947, but returned as Racine in 1948.
References
Works cited
1908 establishments in Illinois
1957 disestablishments in Illinois
Defunct Chicago "L" stations |
Kiley may refer to:
Given name
Kiley Boynton, American acrobatic gymnast
Kiley Dean (born 1982), American contemporary R&B singer
Kiley Gaffney, Australian musician and performance artist
Kiley May (born 1986/1987), actor, filmmaker, and two-spirit activist
Surname
Bob Kiley (1935–2016), public transit planner and supervisor
Deborah Scaling Kiley (1958–2012), American sailor, author, motivational speaker, and businesswoman
Dan Kiley (1912–2004), American landscape architect in the modernist style
James Kiley (1865–1953), British businessman and Liberal Party politician, MP from 1916 to 1922
John Kiley (1912–1993), organist at Fenway Park from 1953 to 1989 and at the Boston Garden from 1941 to 1984
John Kiley (baseball) (1859–1940), Major League Baseball outfielder and pitcher
Kevin C. Kiley (born 1950), Surgeon General of the United States Army, commander of the U.S. Army Medical Command
Kevin Kiley (sportscaster), American sportscaster and talk show host
Kevin Kiley (wrestler) (born 1981), American professional wrestler (ring name Alex Riley)
Kevin Kiley (politician), born 1985, California Assemblyman and gubernatorial candidate
Moses E. Kiley (1876–1953), Canadian-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
Nathan Kiley (born 1981), English stage actor
Richard Kiley (1922–1999), American stage, television, and film actor
Roger Kiley (1900–1974), United States federal judge
Sam Kiley (born 1964), Defence and Security Editor of Sky News
Tony Kiley, drummer in The Blow Monkeys, an alternative rock band
Fictional characters
Okayasu Kiley, in the English-language version of the manga Peach Girl
See also
Kailey, a surname and feminine given name
Keighley (disambiguation)
Kylee (born 1994), Japanese singer
Kylie (disambiguation)
Kyly Clarke (AKA Kyly, born 1981) Australian former model
Rilo Kiley, American indie rock band formed in Los Angeles, active from 1998 to 2013 |
FlashCP is a copyright enforcement technology for the storage of electronic materials (e.g. e-books). Originally developed under the trademark "BookLocker", SanDisk acquired the technology in 2005 with the purchase of Israeli-based privately held company "MDRM".
FlashCP is primarily used on USB flash drives to provide students with storage capabilities of copyrighted material, while protecting the rights of the copyright holders. This is done through the use of Windows-based software that must be installed to use the FlashCP capability of the drive. The software interfaces with proprietary firmware in the flash drive. SanDisk manufactured a flash drive using the FlashCP technology, the 256MB Cruzer Freedom Drive.
FlashCP is also the name of an open-source computer program for writing to flash devices. It is part of the mtd-utils package, unrelated to the above, proprietary, closed source, Windows software.
References
External links
Texas instrument's page on mtd-utils
Digital rights management systems |
Conway School District can refer to:
Conway School District (Arkansas) - Conway, Arkansas
Conway School District (New Hampshire) in New Hampshire
Conway Consolidated School District in Washington state |
Beyond the End of Despair... is the third full-length album by Japanese power metal band Galneryus. It was released on July 12, 2006.
Track listing
Credits
Syu - Lead/rhythm guitars/backing vocals
Yama-B - Vocals
Tsui - Bass/backing vocals
Yuhki - Keyboards/backing vocals
Junichi Satoh - Drums
Chart performance
The album reached number 57 on the Oricon album charts.
References
External links
Official Galneryus website
Galneryus albums
2006 albums |
Krutaya Osyp () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Vozhbalskoye Rural Settlement, Totemsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 237 as of 2002.
Geography
Krutaya Osyp is located 54 km northwest of Totma (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zakharovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Tarnogsky District |
Jean Elizabeth Laby (4 November 1915 – 31 May 2008) was an early Australian atmospheric physicist.
Biography
Laby was born in Parkville, Victoria.
She is the daughter of Beatrice Littlejohn and Thomas Howell Laby, a professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Melbourne.
Laby was educated at the Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School and then at the University of Melbourne, during the same time as her father's professorship. She gained a BSc in 1939, MSc in 1951, and PhD in 1959. She was the first woman to be awarded a PhD in physics from the University of Melbourne, and the first to be appointed lecturer in the department in 1959.
Laby was employed as a lecturer at the University of Melbourne and between 1961 and 1980 she was also a senior lecturer at the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Academy at Point Cook, Victoria. Here she worked on radar meteorology, balloon-borne cameras and cosmic radiation measurements. She was also involved in the Climatic Impact Assessment Program between 1972 and 1980 and collaborated with the University of Wyoming measuring atmospheric aerosols, ozone and water vapour in the stratosphere.
Recognition and legacy
Laby was the recipient of a University of Melbourne Award, and bronze plaque honouring her is on the wall along the Professors' Walk at the Parkville campus of the University.
Laby was interviewed by the Australian Academy of Science for its Outstanding Women in Science program in 2000, and inducted to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2009.
Her papers are held by the University of Melbourne archives and document the role of women in science and atmospheric research.
Research
Jean E. Laby, The thermal conductivity of water and some measurements with other liquids (MSc Thesis, Department of Science, The University of Melbourne, 1951)
Jean E. Laby, Atmospheric winds and cosmic rays at balloon altitudes (PhD Thesis, Department of Physics, The University of Melbourne, 1959)
References
Australian physicists
University of Melbourne alumni
University of Melbourne women
1915 births
2008 deaths
People educated at Melbourne Girls Grammar
Australian women physicists
Atmospheric physicists
Academic staff of the University of Melbourne |
Bresegard may refer to two municipalities in the district of Ludwigslust, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany:
Bresegard bei Eldena
Bresegard bei Picher |
The 1999 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University as a member of the Big East Conference during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Paul Pasqualoni, the Orangemen compiled an overall record of 7–5 with a mark of 3–4 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the Big East. Syracuse was invited to the Music City Bowl, where the Orangemen defeated Kentucky. The team played home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, New York.
Schedule
Roster
References
Syracuse
Syracuse Orange football seasons
Syracuse Orangemen football |
Robert George Holland (19 October 1946 – 17 September 2017) was a New South Wales and Australian cricketer. He was, because of his surname, nicknamed "Dutchy".
Holland, who spent the majority of his cricketing life in Newcastle, was a late bloomer, and his Test debut aged 38 made him the oldest Australian debutant in more than half a century. It was not until the 1978–79 season, aged 32, that the New South Wales selectors called up Holland to continue the state’s long tradition of leg spin bowling. He quickly formed an integral part of the bowling attack that made the state the dominant domestic team in the Sheffield Shield in the 1980s. Forming a spin-oriented attack with Murray Bennett (left-arm orthodox) and Greg Matthews (off spin), Holland was part of the team that won the Sheffield Shield in 1982–83, 1984–85 and 1985–86. Holland finished his first-class career with a season with Wellington in New Zealand’s domestic league.
Career
When Holland was 15 he met Colin McCool, the player coach at Belmont Club. When he was 19 he played for Northern NSW against Mike Smiths' 1965–66 MCC team. He represented Northern NSW in 1975–76 against the touring West Indian side as an opening batsman.
1978–79
Holland made his Shield debut in 1978–79, taking 1-113 against Queensland. It was the only first-class game he played that summer, the selectors preferring David Hourn and Graeme Beard to be the NSW spinners.
1979-80
Holland played for NSW in the 1979-80 season. He took four wickets against Queensland, five against Victoria seven against Tasmania, three against the touring English and five against South Australia.
He wound up taking 25 first-class wickets at 30.48.
1980–81
Holland's 4–30 helped NSW beat WA by an innings. He was left out of the McDonald's Cup side but was kept in the NSW Shield team.
He took 5–82 against South Australia, his first five-wicket haul at first-class level.
He took 30 wickets that summer at 31.03.
1981–82
Holland took six wickets in his first Shield game and four in his second, causing people to discuss him as a test prospect.
He took 27 wickets that summer at 24.48.
1982–83
Highlights of this summer included 3–16 against Queensland.
However Holland had relative lack of success over this summer, taking only 16 wickets at 52.06 with a best of 4-100.
1983–84
Holland took his best figures to date, 7–56 against South Australia. There was some talk this would put him in contention to replace the Australian spinner, Tom Hogan.
He took 24 wickets at 29.91.
1984–85 season: West Indies
Holland began the 1984–85 Shield comp well with four wickets against South Australia.
Holland made his Test debut in the Second Test of the 1984–85 Australian season against the West Indies cricket team in Brisbane. He was relatively unsuccessful, taking 2/97 and scoring 6 and 0 as Australia suffered an eight wicket defeat.
He was retained for the Third Test in Adelaide, but after taking match figures of 2/163, he was dropped.
Holland went back to New South Wales and continued the form which had gained him Test selection in the first place. This included a tour match victory over the West Indies, after which both Holland and Bennett were selected for the Fifth Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground. The selectors had felt that the uncertain performance of the Caribbean batsmen during the tour match showed that they had a weakness against spin bowling, and introduced a "horses for courses" spin oriented attack on a dry Sydney pitch.
The West Indies had crushed Australian opposition throughout the summer, winning the first three Tests by an innings, eight wickets and 191 runs respectively. Furthermore, in the fourth Test, Australia had slumped to 8/198 chasing 370 to narrowly avoid defeat when time ran out. With pundits expecting another Australian failure, they won the toss and amassed 9/471. The West Indies were reduced to be all out for 163, with Holland taking 6/54 including Viv Richards, Desmond Haynes, Larry Gomes and captain Clive Lloyd. Forced to follow on, they fell for 253 in the second innings with Holland taking 4/90 to complete a ten wicket match haul. The New South Wales pair perplexed the tourists, taking 15 of the 20 wickets, as Australia took an unexpected innings victory.
Following his spin success at the SCG, he was selected to make his ODI debut on the same ground against the same team in the subsequent triangular tournament. With 0/50, he was the most expensive bowler in the match and did not play again in the season.
Holland took 59 first-class wickets that summer at 25.79.
1985 Ashes
He was selected for the 1985 Ashes tour to England, but only had sporadic success. In the ODIs, he played only in the first match at Manchester. He took his only ODI wickets with 2/49 as Australia won, but was the most expensive bowler and was dropped.
He was not selected for the First Test, but was recalled for the Second Test at Lord's. He took 5/68 in the second innings, breaking a stubborn century partnership between Mike Gatting and Ian Botham to take the last four wickets and ensure Australia had a small target to chase, which they did successfully.
He was used mostly as a defensive option, and took few wickets with only a further wicket coming for the cost of 355 runs in the next three Tests, after which he was dropped for the final Sixth Test.
Holland took 29 first-class wickets on tour at 35.06.
1985–86 season
He had another highlight upon his return to Australia for the 1985–86 season. After conceding 106 runs without success in the First Test as Australia lost by an innings, Holland took a 10 wicket match haul against New Zealand at the SCG, as Australia took a four wicket win to avoid being whitewashed by their neighbours. He took 6/106 in the first innings to reduce New Zealand to 9/169 before 4/68 in the second ensured Australia was able to chase the target.
He managed 3/90 and ended a run of five consecutive ducks in the Third Test but it was not enough to prevent Australia's first and only series loss to New Zealand.
He was dropped for start of the series against India in favor of Ray Bright but was recalled for the Third Test at the SCG, where he played his final Test. He failed to trouble the spin-proficient Indians, taking 1/113 as they amassed 600 and pushed for an innings victory when time ran out. His Test career spanned eleven Tests and consisted of unpenetrative streaks interspersed with wicket taking bursts. He took 34 wickets at 39.76, but excluding the Tests at Sydney, Lord’s and Adelaide respectively mentioned earlier, the other eight Tests yielded only nine wickets.
He took 48 first-class wickets at 32.39 that summer.
Holland was overlooked for the tour of New Zealand and India. Cricket writer Phil Wilkins said that "ignoring Holland for India seemed indecent with its excessively demanding conditions and the siege mentality which so often applies to the game with its consuming hours of waiting and watching and working."
"I found I was very tired towards the end of last season," said Holland in October 1986. "I lost that bit of zip in my bowling, I was not doing enough to get people out, I was not spinning the ball as much."
He toured Zimbabwe and took 9 wickets at 26.77.
1986–87 season
At the beginning of the 1986–87 summer, Holland expressed interest in being available for Australian selection. He was not picked; the selectors preferred Greg Matthews, Peter Sleep and Peter Taylor.
He took 17 wickets at 45.05, with a best return of 6–86.
1987–88
Holland played one more season of first-class cricket, in New Zealand. He took 31 wickets at 23.80, with a best return of 7-69.
Career summary
His bowling was marked by use of flight, a disciplined length and a variety of leg breaks, topspinners, and a googly that was used relatively sparsely. He took 316 wickets at 31.16 in 95 first-class matches. His batting was poor, averaging 9.67 at first-class level. He made five successive Test ducks—dubbed an "Olympic" due to the five naughts looking like the Olympic rings, an unfortunate Test record he jointly holds with Ajit Agarkar and Mohammad Asif—in a career yielding 35 runs at an average of 3.18, but his defiantly resistance effort in the 1984–85 Shield final helped ensure a New South Wales triumph.
Personal life
Holland was a civil engineering surveyor, and was married to Carolyn, with three adult children named Craig, Rohan and Naomi. Rohan was named in honour of his cricketing hero, Rohan Kanhai, the former West Indian cricketer. Robert had five grandchildren. One of his grandchildren, Thomas Holland, was selected in 2014 as a high-school student to represent Australia in baseball (Under-15s).
Holland devoted most of his time to his two lifelong passions. First was his local cricket club, Southern Lakes Cricket Club (now known as Toronto Workers Cricket Club), a successful club in Toronto, NSW. The club enjoys encouraging and sponsoring promising foreign and domestic cricketers to play with them during the upcoming seasons. Secondly, Holland was also a keen bowling coach who enjoyed passing on his secrets to the new cricketing generations at high schools and coaching clinics around Australia.
In an international cricketing era where there were many instances of abrasive on-field behaviour, Holland was especially known and regarded for his sense of gentlemanly conduct and commitment.
In September 2006, Holland celebrated his 60th birthday with a celebrity cricket match with former teammates.
In August 2016, Holland and his wife were assaulted and hospitalised in Lake Macquarie. Holland had asked a man and a woman to stop riding motorcycles on the cricket ground where he volunteered as a curator. The pair were later arrested, found guilty, and jailed.
In March 2017, Holland was diagnosed with an aggressive brain cancer and underwent surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. On 15 September 2017, a tribute night was hosted by Mark Taylor. A number of former teammates including Greg Matthews, Trevor Chappell, Wayne Phillips and Murray Bennett were in attendance. However, Holland suddenly deteriorated and died on 17 September 2017, just two days after the event. He died at the Mater Hospital in Newcastle.
References
External links
1946 births
2017 deaths
Australia One Day International cricketers
Australia Test cricketers
New South Wales cricketers
Wellington cricketers
Cricketers from Sydney
Australian cricketers
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Cricketers from Newcastle, New South Wales
Deaths from brain cancer in Australia |
Ike Weir (February 5, 1867 – September 12, 1908) was an Irish boxer, credited with being the first man to take the Featherweight Championship of the World in a match against Frank Murphy on March 31, 1889, in Kouts, Indiana. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title, and went an astounding eighty rounds, though it was officially declared a draw. Some sources may credit Weir with taking the World Title as early as 1887 in his knockout title wins over Jack Farrell in Ridgefield, New Jersey on January 24, or Jack Williams in Westerly, Rhode Island, on March 10. Weir first claimed the title in his win over Farrell.
He was recognized by most sources to have lost the title on January 13, 1890, to Torpedo Billy Murphy in a fourteenth-round knockout in San Francisco, California.
Early life and career
Weir was born on February 5, 1867, in Lurgan, Ireland (now Northern Ireland, UK) when all Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. He grew up near Belfast, where his father worked as a breeder, buyer, and trainer of thoroughbred horses for the gentry. Weir was somewhat dark complected with curly hair, blue eyes, and a lean build. He was well educated and had a fondness for books, and music. His shooting skills with both gun and pistol were noteworthy, and he was a fine pianist, having taken music education at an early age. Lighthearted and a serious entertainer, he was known to dance an Irish Jig on occasion for the entertainment of his fans or even to perform a handstand or backflip in the ring. Beginning work as a cross country jockey in Preston, England before taking up boxing, he had a fondness for horses from an early age. His ring name "spider" may have had an origin in his thin arms and legs, or a result of the spider like riding crouch he assumed as a jockey.
Early career boxing in England
On October 5, 1885, he entered an amateur boxing contest in Manchester, England, where he defeated Stewart of Bradford, and Bill Palon, before being beaten by Joe Fielden who was thirty pounds heavier than Weir. His official boxing debut was on October 9, 1885, against W. Harlow in Salford, Lancashire, England. His first serious boxing instruction was obtained in Liverpool. He defeated Billy Sykes in Liverpool in four rounds on points using English boxing rules. In the next two years, before his first bout with Tommy Warren, he won ten of fourteen fights, with only four being considered draws.
1886 arrival in Boston
Having difficulty finding bouts in England, at the age of nineteen, he arrived in Boston on March 10, 1886, and won a three-round contest with Willie Snee. He would remain in the U.S. the rest of his life. In his next American battle in Boston on October 29, 1917, he put James Furman on the canvas in a surprising fifth-round technical knockout which allowed him to be matched with better known boxer Martin Burns on November fifth of the following week. He knocked out Burns in six difficult rounds in Boston.
Mid professional boxing career
Weir was known for his clever ducking and rapid countering, rather than a strong punch. He defeated a number of middleweights in his career, some outweighing him by as much as fifty pounds.
Early Featherweight Title Matches
On March 10, 1887, Weir fought a thirty-six-round match against Jack Williams in Westerly, Rhode, Island, that ended in a knockout for Weir. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title match. In the close and exciting contest, Weir was down in the twelfth, twenty-fourth, and twenty-ninth rounds, while Williams was down in the thirty-sixth round.
On January 24, 1887, Weir won a seventh-round knockout against Jack Farrell in Ridgefield, New Jersey, near Hoboken, that was billed as a World 124 pound Title match, though it was not subsequently recognized as such. Weir received around $500 for the bout which was likely the largest purse he had yet received for a fight, and as the actual fight time was only eighteen minutes, it was a welcomed windfall for Weir. According to one source, the match was held in a somewhat private venue to keep its existence from the attention of the authorities who may have had issue with its legality. Weir took a few good shots in the bout himself and subsequently had a bad cut over his right eye. He later described Farrell as the "gamest man he ever met".
On April 11, 1887, he married Miss Henrietta Flora McAvoy, with whom he remained throughout his life. They were married on Easter Monday at St. Mary's in Boston's North end.
On April 30, 1887, Weir defeated Willie Clarke in a twenty-round bout lasting one hour twenty-three minutes in Long Island Sound in Queens, New York. Weir knocked Clarke down twice in the first and once in the seventh. The bout was brutal, with far more of the injuries attributed to Clarke. Injuries to Weir's hands made it unlikely he could win by knockout, extending the length of the bout. Clarke attempted a futile rally in the nineteenth round, but was too weak and injured. His seconds threw in the sponge at the end of the twentieth when he could no longer see. According to one source, several of his earliest bouts had as few as twenty in attendance due to the legal issues associated with boxing at the time, and a single ticket could get a price as high as $100.
All night bout with Jack Havlin
On July 20, 1887, Weir fought an unusually long sixty-one-round match outdoors against Jack Havlin of Providence, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The fight, described as "one of the hardest battles Weir ever took part in", began around 9:30 PM, and lasted much of the night before ending around 3:00 AM in an official draw. Weir's manager at the time was Ed Holske, who had followed him from his fighting days in England. The battle caused injuries to Weir's hands, which were a source of concern for much of his boxing career. Further increasing the chances of hand injuries, the bout was fought with skin-tight gloves which offered little padding. According to one source, Havlin was more badly injured from the bout, suffering from serious swelling and injuries to his eyes, and most sources agree Havlin had the worst of the contest. With Havlin unable to see effectively for the later part of the match, and Weir having serious problems with his hands, not much contact took place. The bout ended when the referee called the match.
On September 30, 1887, he met Johnny Murphy in Boston in a seventeen-round draw, which may have originally only been scheduled for fifteen. The referee considered the fighting so close that two additional rounds were added, but failed to help determine a victor.
Title bout with Tommy Warren
On December 12, 1887, Weir fought a twenty-round Featherweight title match against Tommy Warren at boxer John Barnes's club in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with Barnes himself as the referee. A few sources credited his ascension to the American and World Featherweight crown with his victory in this match. Describing the fight, one source wrote, "The "Belfast Spider" outfought the "Boy Gambler" of Louisville (Warren) at every stage of the game and Warren was in a bad way when Barnes (referee) stopped the affair in the twentieth round and called it a draw." According to the El Paso Herald, Weir's bout with Warren was "the first ever pulled off under the Marquis of Queensbury Rules with the World's Featherweight Championship at stake", though more sources credit Weir's ascension to the Featherweight crown against Murphy on March 31, 1889. According to one source, Warren was given two ounce gloves for the bout, while Weir was required to wear larger ones. By the 1910s gloves were closer to four ounces in weight. With far greater speed and mobility Weir was said to have "danced all around Warren".
On January 23, 1888, in the height of winter he fought Tommy Miller in Minneapolis at the Washington Roller Rink. He defeated Miller in a seventh-round knockout. Legend has it that Weir did a somersault followed by a handstand so his seconds could remove his warm-up pants. He did a second hand stand when asked to shake the hand of Miller, brushing his foot on Miller's chin. The crowd, who favored Miller, was not amused.
Shortly after this bout, Weir fought "Ironman" George Siddons on February 3, 1888, in Duluth Minnesota, winning by technical knockout in the eleventh of fifteen rounds, though Siddons claimed he had been fouled. According to one source, Siddon's jaw had been broken in the bout, which could be a brutal affair with the thin gloves that were used.
World Featherweight Title
Weir, by most accounts, first took the World Featherweight Championship in a match with Frank Murphy on March 31, 1889, in Kouts, Indiana. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title, and went an astonishing eighty rounds. It decided the World Featherweight Championship, according to several sources, though it was ruled a draw by the referee. With both combatants exhausted, little fighting took place in the last eighteen rounds. Upon examination, Murphy was found to have had a broken rib, and Weir had possibly received a minor jaw fracture. By most accounts, Weir was the more aggressive boxer in the bout.
Losing World Featherweight Title to Billy Murphy
Weir lost the World Featherweight Title on January 13, 1890, to Torpedo Billy Murphy in a fourteenth-round knockout at the California Athletic Club in San Francisco, California. The purse for the fight was $2,250. Weir dominated throughout the fight, but was said to have failed to follow up on his advantages, when, apparently for no reason, Weir collapsed to the ground in the thirteenth round. Weir had not been hit hard, and some thought it may have been part of his clowning. However, while Weir rose in time, he soon went back down again. Weir went down 6 times, and while he made it to the end of the round. Weir's legs were shaking at the start of the fourteenth round, but he was reported to have avoided Murphy's hits, until going down from another light hit, this time until he was counted out In a rematch, on November 2, 1893, he beat Murphy in a six-round knockout, which was one of the high points of his late career. In the fourth round, he knocked Murphy entirely out of the ring. Weir successfully used his clever ducking and bobbing as a defense in the fight, avoiding Murphy's powerful right which had plagued him in their earlier title bout.
On July 7, 1890, he knocked out James Connor in Buffalo, New York in three rounds for a purse of $2,000, taking 1,750 for himself.
On January 17, 1891, he returned to Australia and defeated Abe Willis in a four-round newspaper decision in Sydney. By February 21, he had returned to San Francisco via Hawaii, claiming he was homesick for America and having trouble getting immediate fights.
After his victory over boxer "Kentucky Rosebud" in early 1891, Weir returned for a time to cross country horse racing, participating in several events in New England, and becoming known as a jockey in Boston. He took around seven months off from boxing during the period. Famed Irish heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan was a close friend. On May 30, 1892, at Sunnyside Park in Nantucket, Massachusetts, he rode Dictum to three first-place finishes in three heats, one of his greatest feats as a jockey.
Returning to boxing with a strong win on February 18, 1892, he fought Frank Steele at the New Bedford Athletic Club in New Bedford, Massachusetts, knocking him out in the twelfth round. Weir danced the Highland Fling and Irish jig during the match, which annoyed his opponent but greatly pleased the crowd. According to one source, "The fight was fiercely fought for twelve rounds, when Ike had punished his opponent so badly that he went to sleep for thirty-two seconds, and the "Spider" won. It was a clean knockout." The total purse was set at $600 to be divided between the contestants.
On April 19, 1893, he fought a hard ten round draw against Tommy White at the Hennepin Athletic Club in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The winner would have received $500, the loser $100. At the end of ten rounds, unlike in many of Weir's longer fights, both fighters were fresh and uninjured, and the referee declared a draw.
Late career, retirement
On March 17, 1894, Weir was outclassed in a bout with Arthur Griffiths, known as "Young Griffo," at the Second Regiment Armory in Chicago. The Australian lightweight outweighed Weir considerably and dominated the bout, which was stopped by the police in the third round when Weir was down. Weir announced retirement after the bout but returned to the ring for a few more professional bouts and exhibitions. Although the bout was officially called a draw by the referee, Griffo knocked Weir down twice in the third round, with Weir taking a while to get to his feet. Many in the crowd were displeased with the official Draw decision. According to the Inter Ocean, as many as five thousand were in attendance to watch "three of the fastest, fiercest and most brutal rounds ever fought in an American prize ring". One reporter noted that Young Griffo made a "veritable chopping block of Ike O'Neil Weir, the "Belfast Spider"". It is important to note that according to one source, Griffo may have outweighed Wier by as much as thirty pounds during the bout, though discrepancies in the weights of opponents was more common in this era of boxing.
His tenth-round knockout at the hands of Mike Sears at the Hoffman Club in Lynne, Massachusetts on March 17, 1898 was his last official bout and ended his boxing career. Sears himself asked the referee to stop the bout as Weir was helpless. Weir was at the end of a harsh career at thirty-one, while Sears was then years younger and had the energy of a youth.
Career as a horse trainer
After quitting the ring, Weir made a living as a horse trainer for the Vanderbilt family, and he, often accompanied by his wife, frequented the horse shows at Madison Square Garden where he could stay close to his stable. He was still training horses for wealthy clients in April 1904. He lived out his remaining days in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and died on September 12, 1908, at age 41. He had been suffering for two years from an accident he had while riding a horse, and had not improved after several operations. According to at least one source, he died bankrupt, and his medical expenses were covered by a collection taken by fans at a match a few weeks before his death. He was survived by his wife Henrietta.
Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise noted.
Official record
All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.
Unofficial record
Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions in the win/loss/draw column.
Notes
References
External links
Professional Boxing Record for Ike Weir, Cyber Boxing Zone
Achievements
|-
|-
1867 births
1908 deaths
Featherweight boxers
World featherweight boxing champions
World boxing champions
Irish male boxers
Boxers from Massachusetts
English male boxers
Sportspeople from Lurgan
Boxers from County Armagh |
```python
from datetime import datetime
from unittest import mock
from tests.providers.gcp.gcp_fixtures import (
GCP_PROJECT_ID,
GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION,
set_mocked_gcp_provider,
)
class Test_iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys:
def test_iam_no_sa(self):
iam_client = mock.MagicMock
with mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
), mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_client",
new=iam_client,
):
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys import (
iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys,
)
iam_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
iam_client.region = GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
iam_client.service_accounts = []
check = iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys()
result = check.execute()
assert len(result) == 0
def test_iam_sa_no_keys(self):
iam_client = mock.MagicMock
with mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
), mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_client",
new=iam_client,
):
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys import (
iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys,
)
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_service import ServiceAccount
iam_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
iam_client.region = GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
iam_client.service_accounts = [
ServiceAccount(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
email="my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
display_name="My service account",
keys=[],
project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
)
]
check = iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys()
result = check.execute()
assert len(result) == 1
assert result[0].status == "PASS"
assert (
result[0].status_extended
== f"Account {iam_client.service_accounts[0].email} does not have user-managed keys."
)
assert result[0].resource_id == iam_client.service_accounts[0].email
assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
assert result[0].location == GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
assert result[0].resource_name == iam_client.service_accounts[0].name
def test_iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys(self):
iam_client = mock.MagicMock
with mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
), mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_client",
new=iam_client,
):
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys import (
iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys,
)
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_service import (
Key,
ServiceAccount,
)
iam_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
iam_client.region = GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
iam_client.service_accounts = [
ServiceAccount(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
email="my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
display_name="My service account",
keys=[
Key(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/90c48f61c65cd56224a12ab18e6ee9ca9c3aee7c",
origin="GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
type="SYSTEM_MANAGED",
valid_after=datetime.strptime("2024-07-10", "%Y-%m-%d"),
valid_before=datetime.strptime("9999-12-31", "%Y-%m-%d"),
)
],
project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
)
]
check = iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys()
result = check.execute()
assert len(result) == 1
assert result[0].status == "PASS"
assert (
result[0].status_extended
== f"Account {iam_client.service_accounts[0].email} does not have user-managed keys."
)
assert result[0].resource_id == iam_client.service_accounts[0].email
assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
assert result[0].location == GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
assert result[0].resource_name == iam_client.service_accounts[0].name
def test_iam_sa_user_managed_keys(self):
iam_client = mock.MagicMock
with mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
), mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_client",
new=iam_client,
):
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys import (
iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys,
)
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_service import (
Key,
ServiceAccount,
)
iam_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
iam_client.region = GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
iam_client.service_accounts = [
ServiceAccount(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
email="my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
display_name="My service account",
keys=[
Key(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/90c48f61c65cd56224a12ab18e6ee9ca9c3aee7c",
origin="GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
type="USER_MANAGED",
valid_after=datetime.strptime("2024-07-10", "%Y-%m-%d"),
valid_before=datetime.strptime("9999-12-31", "%Y-%m-%d"),
)
],
project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
)
]
check = iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys()
result = check.execute()
assert len(result) == 1
assert result[0].status == "FAIL"
assert (
result[0].status_extended
== f"Account {iam_client.service_accounts[0].email} has user-managed keys."
)
assert result[0].resource_id == iam_client.service_accounts[0].email
assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
assert result[0].location == GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
assert result[0].resource_name == iam_client.service_accounts[0].name
def test_iam_sa_mixed_keys(self):
iam_client = mock.MagicMock
with mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
), mock.patch(
"prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_client",
new=iam_client,
):
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys.iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys import (
iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys,
)
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.iam.iam_service import (
Key,
ServiceAccount,
)
iam_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
iam_client.region = GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
iam_client.service_accounts = [
ServiceAccount(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
email="my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
display_name="My service account",
keys=[
Key(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/90c48f61c65cd56224a12ab18e6ee9ca9c3aee7c",
origin="GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
type="SYSTEM_MANAGED",
valid_after=datetime.strptime("2024-07-10", "%Y-%m-%d"),
valid_before=datetime.strptime("9999-12-31", "%Y-%m-%d"),
),
Key(
name="projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/e5e3800831ac1adc8a5849da7d827b4724b1fce8",
origin="GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
type="USER_MANAGED",
valid_after=datetime.strptime("2024-07-10", "%Y-%m-%d"),
valid_before=datetime.strptime("9999-12-31", "%Y-%m-%d"),
),
],
project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
)
]
check = iam_sa_no_user_managed_keys()
result = check.execute()
assert len(result) == 1
assert result[0].status == "FAIL"
assert (
result[0].status_extended
== f"Account {iam_client.service_accounts[0].email} has user-managed keys."
)
assert result[0].resource_id == iam_client.service_accounts[0].email
assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
assert result[0].location == GCP_US_CENTER1_LOCATION
assert result[0].resource_name == iam_client.service_accounts[0].name
``` |
The orange-tufted sunbird (Cinnyris bouvieri) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in moist savanna, the grassy edges of gallery forest and of isolated tropical forests in Africa. It is absent from forests in the central Congo Basin. It has been recorded in northern Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, western Kenya, eastern Nigeria, Uganda, and northern Zambia.
References
orange-tufted sunbird
Birds of Central Africa
orange-tufted sunbird
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Vojo Kushi (, August 3, 1918 – October 10, 1942) was an Albanian and Yugoslav communist guerilla fighter (partisan) and one of the founders of the Communist group based in Shkodër, following the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939. He was proclaimed a National Hero of Yugoslavia by the Yugoslav communist government on February 12, 1945, and then a Hero of Albania by the Albanian communist government in 1946.
Life
Kushi was born in 1918, in Vrakë, near Shkodër. He belonged to either the Serb-Montenegrin or the Aromanian minority of Albania. His original surname may have been Kušić (); due to King Zog's state persecution of Serbs following 1920, surnames with obvious Slavic suffixes such as '-ić' and '-vić' were removed, as were Slavic-speaking schools.
Following the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939, the first communist revolutionary organization was established in Shkodër (Shkodër group), which included minority members brothers Vaso and Branko Kadija, Vojo Kushi, Jordan Misja, Ivo Jovanov, Vojin Dragović, Petar Bulatović and Vasil Shanto. The Shkodër group was led by Shanto and Qemal Stafa. The other organization, established in Korçë (Korçë group), was united into one on November 8, 1941, in Tirana, at the house of Bojko Lazarov, hence forming the Communist Party of Albania. In 1942, he was chosen as a member of the regional committee for Tirana and appointed commander of guerilla units. Enver Hoxha was appointed the Party leader in order to include the majority Muslim population.
Kushi was sent by the Albanian government for education at the Military Academy in Belgrade, in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Before his return to Albania, he joined the Yugoslav Partisans and became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. One of the discussions of Partisans in Prokletije, including Kushi, was included in Đurica Labović's Lučonoša sa Prokletija (1985).
The Albanian fascist regime sentenced communist fighters to death for treachery and unrest. In Tirana, Qemal Stafa, and later Kushi, Sadik Stavileci and Xoxi Martini were surrounded and killed by carabinieri on 10 October 1942. Their house on the Kodra Kuqe quarter was surrounded and a fight ensued for 6 hours, with tanks forcing them out; Kushi stormed out and killed several carabinieri, then ran out of bullets and jumped onto the tank and was killed.
After the war, he was proclaimed a National Hero. In Albania, many streets, quarters, schools, sport institutions and others were named after him. In Tirana, a monument was erected in his honour. An Albanian documentary about him, Vojo Kushi (1969), was made.
Later Hoxha imprisoned Vojo's brother Marko and his family in southern Albania as part of his party purges.
Annotations
References
Sources
1918 births
1942 deaths
Albanian communists
Albanian people of Montenegrin descent
Albanian people of Serbian descent
Albanian people of Aromanian descent
Heroes of Albania
20th-century Albanian people
People from Shkodër
Deaths by firearm in Albania
Yugoslav Partisans members
Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero
Albanian resistance members |
James Thomas William Frederick Budden (25 July 1882 – 5 September 1965) was an English cricketer.
Budden represented Hampshire in a single first-class match in 1904 against Oxford University. Budden was not required to bat in the match and bowled twelve wicketless overs.
Budden died at St Denys, Southampton, Hampshire on 5 September 1965.
External links
James Budden at Cricinfo
James Budden at CricketArchive
1882 births
1965 deaths
Cricketers from Southampton
English cricketers
Hampshire cricketers |
The 1969 British League season was the 35th season of the top tier of speedway in the United Kingdom and the fifth season known as the British League.
Summary
The 19 competitors were the same as the previous season.
Poole Pirates won their first title. The Pirates were extremely consistent and despite their riders not coming in the top 18 league averages they won the league by a clear 6 points. Pete Smith was their top rider with an average of 9.34 but aided by four other riders (Geoff Mudge (9.05), Odd Fossengen (7.73), Bruce Cribb (7.31) and Gordon Guasco (7.26)) they were able to claim the title. Wimbledon Dons had a much better season than the last, finishing third and managed to retain their British League Knockout Cup crown. Belle Vue Aces finished runner-up, mainly due to the performances of their outstanding World champion rider Ivan Mauger; the New Zealander finished with an average of 11.67 and would also seal his second world title before the end of the season.
Final table
M = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points
Top Ten Riders (League Averages)
British League Knockout Cup
The 1969 British League Knockout Cup was the 31st edition of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams. Wimbledon were the winners.
First round
Second round
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
First leg
Second leg
Wimbledon Dons were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 94-62.
Riders' Championship
Barry Briggs won the British League Riders' Championship for the fifth consecutive year, held at Hyde Road on 18 October.
ef=engine failure, f=fell, exc=excluded
Final leading averages
London Cup
Wimbledon retained the London Cup.
Results
Midland Cup
Coventry won the Midland Cup, which consisted of six teams.
First round
Semi final round
Final
First leg
Second leg
Coventry won on aggregate 82–74
Riders & final averages
Belle Vue
11.67
10.09
8.58
6.41
5.92
4.60
4.33
4.30
4.14
3.84
3.56
3.24
Coatbridge
10.01
7.94
7.14
6.39
5.93
5.17
4.24
3.82
Coventry
10.78
7.55
7.36
6.81
6.67
5.54
5.41
y 4.83
4.74
3.28
Cradley Heath
9.27
9.11
7.93
5.29
4.90
4.31
4.15
1.29
Exeter
9.97
8.12
7.31
5.22
5.15
4.95
4.75
4.55
4.27
Glasgow
10.01
9.56
8.09
5.61
5.01
4.25
3.41
2.91
Hackney
7.35
7.05
6.33
6.17
5.45
5.10
5.03
4.88
4.50
3.10
Halifax
11.08
9.38
7.67
7.16
6.23
5.33
4.00
3.76
King's Lynn
9.35
8.14
(Kid Bodie) 7.72
6.44
4.95
4.89
4.19
Leicester
10.56
8.76
6.47
6.44
6.21
5.16
4.88
Newcastle
10.39
7.34
4.80
4.63
4.00
3.47
3.23
Newport
8.34
6.29
6.06
5.95
5.92
5.83
4.67
3.74
2.73
Oxford
8.08
8.03
7.24
7.00
6.65
5.27
4.17
4.00
4.00
3.61
Poole
9.34
9.05
7.73
7.31
7.26
5.55
4.50
Sheffield
9.90
8.62
8.43
6.00
5.85
5.59
5.42
3.80
Swindon
11.12
7.78
6.71
6.13
5.43
4.87
4.76
2.04
West Ham
9.78
8.49
7.91
7.69
5.30
5.03
4.07
3.63
3.62
2.20
1.87
Wimbledon
10.33
9.74
9.39
6.56
6.34
6.10
5.57
3.30
Wolverhampton
10.35
7.38
7.27
6.11
5.98
5.70
5.22
3.76
3.26
See also
List of United Kingdom Speedway League Champions
Knockout Cup (speedway)
References
British League
1969 in British motorsport
1969 in speedway |
Roy Herron (September 30, 1953 – July 9, 2023) was an American politician, attorney, and author. He was the Chairman of the Tennessee Democratic Party. He was the Tennessee State Senator for the 24th district for 16 years and for 10 years before that the State Representative for the 76th district. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative for .
The senate district encompassed Benton, Decatur, Henry, Henderson, Lake, Obion, Perry, Stewart, and Weakley counties.
Early life, education and career
Roy Herron grew up in Weakley County, Tennessee, where his ancestor was one of the first two settlers in the 1820s. Herron grew up working on his family's farm and became an Eagle Scout.
Herron graduated with highest honors from the University of Tennessee at Martin in 1975. Herron was the 9th Governor of the Tennessee Intercollegiate State Legislature, a statewide organization of college students. Before serving as Governor, he was Lieutenant Governor of the organization. In 1975 and 1976 he was a Rotary Scholar in Scotland at the University of St. Andrews. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1980, with a M.Div. and a J.D. as one of the first two joint law and divinity graduates.
Herron worked as an attorney and a businessman. He served for many years as adjunct faculty at Vanderbilt University's law and divinity schools where he taught courses he created. He also worked as a United Methodist minister. He helped found and served as the co-chair of FaithfulDemocrats.com, an online community for Democrats of Christian faith. He also founded and led the non-profit Volunteer Center for Rural Development.
Tennessee Legislature
Herron was first elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1986 to fill Governor Ned McWherter's seat. He served in the House in the 95th through 99th Tennessee General Assemblies and in the Senate in the 100th through 107th. He rose to become floor leader and then chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus. He also chaired the Select Committee on Children and Youth, the Senate General Welfare, Health and Human Resources Committee, and the Joint Tenncare Oversight Committee. He was a member of the Senate Finance, Ways and Means Committee, the Senate Government Operations Committee, the Joint Committee on Charitable Gaming, and the Joint Select Committee on Education. Herron was known for his work ethic (he attended every legislative session for 26 years except the day his youngest son was being born), his debating skills, and his strong advocacy for those he called "the working people and the hurting people".
Herron did not seek re-election in 2012.
2010 U.S. Congressional campaign
In April 2009, Herron announced that he would be running for Governor of Tennessee in the Democratic primary, but in December 2009, he declared as a candidate for when Congressman John S. Tanner announced his retirement. Herron quickly became the frontrunner and other strong contenders did not challenge him. He was easily victorious in the August 2010 primary.
Herron faced Republican nominee Stephen Fincher, Tea Party candidate Donn Janes, who earlier dropped out of the Republican primary, and Independent Mark J. Rawles. Despite raising over $2 million, a record amount for a Tennessee Democratic congressional candidate, Herron lost to Fincher in November in the massive Republican wave that swept through Tennessee and the nation.
Herron did not have to give up his state senate seat to run in the congressional race; Tennessee state senators serve staggered four-year terms.
Endorsements
In the congressional race, Herron was endorsed by the state's two largest newspapers, the Memphis Commercial Appeal and the Nashville Tennessean, as well as every other endorsing newspaper, a total of at least eight newspapers.
Chairmanship of the Tennessee Democratic Party
Herron was elected in 2013 as Tennessee Democratic Party Chairman.
His work as chairman was categorized as successful, despite challenging times with a divided State Executive Committee and Democratic superminorities in the Tennessee General Assembly.
Herron set records in Jackson Day fundraising and spoke out with unprecedented numbers of op-ed essays in major newspapers in the state. In the summer of 2014, he led a quiet but effective effort to save the Democratic justices on the Tennessee Supreme Court, successfully raising unprecedented funds for retaining the court. In the fall, he also led the party to victories in five of their seven targeted races in 2014 despite Republican advantages in numbers of office holders, funding, and outside groups weighing in heavily in state races.
In January 2015, Democratic activist and former candidate for State Senate Mary Mancini was elected to succeed Herron.
Personal life
Herron and his wife have three sons: John, Rick, and Ben. The couple lived in Dresden, Tennessee.
On July 1, 2023, Herron was injured in a jet ski accident on Kentucky Lake. He died at Vanderbilt University Medical Center on July 9, at the age of 69.
Works
Roy Herron, Things Held Dear: Soul Stories for My Sons, Westminster John Knox Press; 1st edition (July 1999),
Roy Herron (author), L.H. "Cotton Ivy" (co-author), Tennessee Political Humor: Some Of These Jokes You Voted For, Univ Tennessee Press (November 2000),
Roy Herron, How Can a Christian Be in Politics?: A Guide Toward Faithful Politics (Vital Questions), Tyndale House Publishers (March 2005),
Roy Herron, God and Politics: How Can A Christian Be In Politics?, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. (July 2008),
References
External links
Roy Herron Law Office official law firm website
Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org
1953 births
2023 deaths
20th-century American politicians
20th-century Methodist ministers
21st-century American politicians
21st-century Methodist ministers
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
American United Methodist clergy
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
Democratic Party members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
Democratic Party Tennessee state senators
Methodists from Tennessee
People from Dresden, Tennessee
Sports deaths in Tennessee
Tennessee Democratic Party chairs
University of Tennessee alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni |
The women's sprint event at the 2018 World Singles Ninepin Bowling Classic Championships was held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania on 23 May 2018.
The defender of the title was the Pole Beata Włodarczyk, who did not take off in Cluj after the end of her career and therefore did not have the opportunity to defend the championship. The new champion of the world became Croatian Ines Maričić, after defeated her compatriot Mirna Bosak in final. The bronze medals was won by Hungarian Anita Méhész and Swedish Jenny Smevold.
Results
Starting places
The starting places have been allocated on the basis of each team's achievements during the previous championships.
Draw
The players were drawn into pairs with the reservation that competitors from the same country can not play in the first round against each other.
References
2018
Women's sprint |
Bomadi is an Ijaw local government area in Delta State, Nigeria. The town lies on the bank of the Forcados River.
It has eleven communities, namely: Ogriagbene, Esanma, Akugbene, Ogbein-ama, Bomadi, Kpakiama, Ekamuta-gbene, Azebiri, Ogodobiri, Okoloba and Kalafuo-gbene.
References
Local Government Areas in Delta State |
Vsevolod Romanenko (born 24 March 1977) is a Ukrainian retired professional footballer.
External links
Official Website Zakarpattia Profile
Official Website Karpaty Profile
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyiv
Ukrainian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
FC Obolon Kyiv players
FC Dynamo Kyiv players
FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv players
FC Dynamo-3 Kyiv players
SC Tavriya Simferopol players
FC Hoverla Uzhhorod players
FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk players
FC Volyn Lutsk players
FC Karpaty Lviv players
FC Mariupol players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Ukrainian First League players
Ukrainian Second League players
Ukrainian Amateur Football Championship players |
Yevgeni Gennadyevich Popov (; born 14 February 1988) is a Russian former professional football player.
Club career
He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Tekstilshchik Ivanovo on 7 July 2019 in a game against FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk.
External links
Career summary at sportbox.ru
1988 births
Sportspeople from Ivanovo
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Tekstilshchik Ivanovo players
FC Torpedo Vladimir players |
The Enco River (Spanish: Río Enco) is a river in Panguipulli commune in southern Chile. Flowing from Panguipulli Lake to Riñihue Lake, it carries the water of the six upper lakes of the Seven Lakes area into Riñihue, the last lake in the chain. Located between the piedmont of Mocho-Choshuenco Volcano and Cerro Maltusado Enco River is unusual because it drains Panguipulli Lake through its eastern and mountainous end rather than allowing the lake to drain through the low moraine hills in the west.
The Enco flows for nearly eight miles from Panguipulli Lake to Riñihue Lake. This course of the river is made spectacular by the presence, in the east, of the magnificent volcano Volcan Mocho. This combination of scenic landscape, clear water and considerably safe waters have made the Enco a magnet for rafters and other white water aficionados.
The river has strong currents and no traffic.
See also
List of rivers of Chile
References
Rivers of Chile
Rivers of Los Ríos Region |
Deimachus or Daimachus (; ) was a Greek from Plataeae, who lived during the third-century BCE. He became an ambassador to the court of the Mauryan ruler Bindusara "Amitragatha" (son of Chandragupta Maurya) in Pataliputra in India.
Deimachus was sent by Antiochus I Soter.
As an ambassador, he was the successor to the famous ambassador and historian Megasthenes. Both of them were mentioned by Strabo.
Deimachus apparently wrote extensively on India, and is quoted as a reference in geographical matters, although his works are now lost.
Strabo, however, disputed these figures, and some of the fanciful accounts of both men, although they also brought extensive knowledge about India.
References
Citations
Sources
People from the Seleucid Empire
Ancient Greek geographers
Foreign relations of ancient India
Historiography of India
3rd-century BC people
3rd-century BC geographers |
The Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1979 was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received royal assent in April 1979.
It led to the establishment of the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (UKCC) and national boards for each country of the UK, to be responsible for education, training, regulation and disciplinary action of nurses, midwives and health visitors.
The Act was developed by a committee established to implement the recommendations of the Briggs Report of 1972. It was finally implemented in July 1983.
The 1979 Act superseded the Midwives Act 1902 and led to the replacement of the Central Midwives Board. Midwives such as Brenda Mee fought to ensure that midwives would be the majority on each midwifery committee, and that their views would be represented when proposals were put forward concerning midwifery.
There were subsequent Acts in 1992 and 1997. The Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1992 established that investigation of misconduct was the responsibility of the UKCC and not the national boards. The Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1997 made adjustments to the structure and composition of the UKCC.
See also
Nurses Registration Act 1919
References
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning healthcare
Nursing in the United Kingdom
Nursing education in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1979 |
The Tirso (, Latin Thyrsus) is a river, the most important of the island of Sardinia (Italy). It rises from the plateau of Buddusò, on the slopes of the Punta Pianedda at an elevation of and crosses the island from east to west, passing through Lake Omodeo and entering the sea in the Gulf of Oristano.
European drainage basins of the Mediterranean Sea
Rivers of Italy
Rivers of Sardinia
Rivers of the Province of Sassari
Rivers of the Province of Oristano |
The Shire of Wangaratta was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1863 until 1994. The Shire did not include Wangaratta itself, which was governed by a separate local government.
History
Wangaratta was first incorporated as the North Ovens Road District on 10 June 1863, which became a shire on 17 September 1867. Part of the Mokoan Riding of the Shire of Benalla was annexed as the Killawarra Riding on 31 May 1906. The shire was renamed Wangaratta on 22 November 1916.
On 18 November 1994, the Shire of Wangaratta was abolished, and along with the City of Wangaratta, the Shire of Oxley and various surrounding districts, was merged into the newly created Rural City of Wangaratta.
Wards
Wangaratta was divided into four ridings, each of which elected three councillors:
Boorhaman Riding
Central Riding
Killawarra Riding
Tarrawingee Riding
Towns and localities
Boorhaman
Boralma
Bowser
Eldorado
Everton
Killawarra
Londrigan
Peechelba
Springhurst
Tarrawingee
Population
* Estimate in the 1958 Victorian Year Book.
References
External links
Victorian Places - Wangaratta Shire
Wangaratta Shire |
The Voice Kids is a Philippine reality singing television competition on ABS-CBN. It premiered on May 24, 2014, replacing Bet on Your Baby. A spinoff of The Voice of the Philippines, the series, like its parent show, is based on the original The Voice of Holland, and is part of the wider The Voice franchise. It aims to feature young aspiring singers aged 6–12. It is the fourth national franchise in the Southeast Asian region to produce a kids' edition of the show, after Thailand and Vietnam. Since its inaugural season, it has aired a total of five seasons. The winners of the five seasons were: Lyca Gairanod, Elha Nympha, Joshua Oliveros, Vanjoss Bayaban, and Shane Bernabe.
The series employs a panel of three coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the series. The original coaches of the show is composed of Lea Salonga, Bamboo Mañalac, and Sarah Geronimo. The panel for the fifth season includes Mañalac, Martin Nievera, and KZ Tandingan.
After the third season ended, the show was put on hold to make room for The Voice Teens. The fourth season premiered on August 3, 2019. On November 14, 2022, it was announced that The Voice Kids will be renewed for a fifth season; auditions were held throughout the Philippines in late 2022.
Overview
The series is part of franchise and is based on a similar competition format in the Netherlands with the same name.
Format
The Voice Kids is a reality television series that started from a format originating from the Netherlands with the same, which was a spin-off of the main series The Voice of Holland. The whole format features three coaches or judges searching for a batch of talented new kids, who could become the Philippines' new child singing superstar. The show's concept is indicated by its title: The three coaches will only judge a singer hopeful termed by the show as "Artist" with only his/her vocal talent without prejudice to his/her physical bearing.
It is this concept that makes The Voice franchise rise above other known reality talent searches which airs in any known media platform such as The X Factor franchise, the Got Talent franchise, or even the Idol franchise. The lucky Artists who have advanced from the audition round would be split into three teams, whom are mentored by three well-known personalities in terms of singing which in the show, termed "coaches" who in turn would collaborate with them and choose songs for their artists to perform. Only kids ages eight to fourteen years-old can participate.
There are five known different stages: Producers' auditions, Blind auditions, the Battles, the Sing-offs, and the Live shows.
On-ground and the Producers' auditions
As for any The Voice franchise the first stage is the producers' auditions, which are not shown on television. In the Voice of the Philippines, ABS-CBN headed by their regional partners nationwide and abroad are tasked to conduct the "Unseen Auditions." At this stage, there will be different judges that will use the power of media to on-ground auditions where the team will travel in and out of the country to find the best of the best to participate in the next set of auditions, "The Blind Auditions."
Blind auditions
The first televised stage is the blind auditions, where artists will be given a minimum of ninety seconds to sing their audition piece. The official coaches of the show will be sitting on a chair facing away from the stage and artist. The coaches will only judge by the power, clarity, type and uniqueness of the artists singing capability. If they like what they hear and want to mentor the artist for the next stage, they will push a button on their chair that would turn the chair around to face the artists for the first time. This concept was created to avoid any due prejudice of their physical bearing and life-story. If a coach turns for an artist, that artist will be included in his/her team. If more than one coach turns around, the choice to pick a who will he/she be mentored goes to the artist. If no coach turns his/her chair the auditioning artist's journey ends. At the end, each of the coach will have a certain number of artists in his or her team (18 in the first two seasons and the fifth season, 24 in the third season). who will be advancing to the next round. In the fourth season, each coach can have an unlimited number of artists in their teams.
The Battles
The second stage called "The Battles," is where a coach will build his team for "The Sing-offs". A coach will group his artists into groups of three. Per group, they will be given a single song to sing together. They are mentored and developed by their respective coach in the process. A vocal showdown will commence in the Battle stage where only the artist whom the coach deemed sung the song assigned better will advance to the next round. Steals were added in the fourth season, where each coach can steal one losing artist from other teams. The steals continues in the fifth season.
The Sing-offs
The third stage called "The Sing-offs," is a recently added round in the local franchise. It is similar to "The Sing-offs" of The Voice Kids of the Netherlands where each coach will pick only a certain number of artists (2 in the first two seasons and 3 in the next three seasons) in order to advance to the semi-finals.
Live shows
After "the Sing-offs", the artists will go directly to the Live shows, which will also be the semifinal round. Only an elite group of finalists (4 in the first two seasons and 3 in the next three seasons) voted by the public will advance to the finals.
Development
On November 18, 2013, Lauren Dyogi, the franchise's business unit head, announced on Twitter that there will be a kids version of The Voice of the Philippines. The franchise was launched after the success of the first season of the main version which had garnered high ratings and was trending topic online. Auditions schedule were later announced in the same month.
On March 9, 2014, the show released its first teaser. On March 17, 2014, the production team of the program started to provide updates of the filming of the Blind auditions, posting teasers of the new improved set and chairs and of the coaches in the show's official social media accounts. A second teaser was aired on April 2, 2014.
A new season was announced last February 18, 2015.
Auditions
The first open call auditions was held on November 23, 2013, at Metro Gaisano Pacific Mall in Mandaue, Cebu and was open to kids aged 8 to 14 years old. It was followed by an audition held on December 1, 2013, at the Newport Mall in Resorts World Manila. In 2014, auditions for the Visayas, Mindanao, and Metro Manila were held on January 11, 18, and 25 respectively. A separate audition for Luzon was held on February 1.
The auditions for the second season will be held on March 7, 2015, at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City. Other auditions will be held at several key cities on a yet to be announced dates. For this season, the age of the auditionees were reduced to aged 7 to 13 from the previous season's aged 8 to 14.
Filming and set locations
In an article Lea Salonga wrote in Philippine Daily Inquirer and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the Philippine Entertainment Portal, revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014, at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014.
The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay.
Coaches
There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Mañalac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season.
On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On December 19, 2022, during ABS-CBN's 2022 Christmas Special, it was revealed that KZ Tandingan and Martin Nievera would replace Geronimo and Salonga for the fifth season of the show.
Current
Bamboo Mañalac
On March 7, 2014, Salonga confirmed on his Twitter that Bamboo Mañalac will be part of the kids version of the show. In an interview, Bamboo admitted that coaching kids in this version will be difficult, but see it as a challenging thing to do. He also said that, "With adults, you already know where they're headed as an artist. With kids, it's still a gray area. So I carefully listen to every child so I can give justice to their performance when I comment, whether I turn around or not."
KZ Tandingan
On December 18, 2022, Tandingan was revealed to be one of the coaches for the fifth season.
Martin Nievera
On December 18, 2022, Nievera was revealed to be one of the coaches for the fifth season.
Former
Sharon Cuneta
On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed through an interview on TV Patrol that she will be the new coach in the third season of The Voice Kids.
In 2019, it was confirmed that Cuneta will not return for the fourth season.
Sarah Geronimo
On March 7, 2014, Salonga confirmed on her Twitter that Sarah Geronimo will be part of the kids version of the show. In an interview by Nerisa Almo of the Philippine Entertainment Portal, Geronimo shared and described her experience in the Blind auditions of The Voice Kids. She said that there were times that kids will cry for not being chosen in the Blind auditions and they had to control their criticisms.
On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning as a coach for the third season. In an interview by ABS-CBN News, Geronimo said that she wanted to return to ASAP, ABS-CBN's musical variety show, and that she felt that coaching in the show feels like a role-playing task. However, she further confirmed that she is open to return as a coach in the show's future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta was confirmed to replace Geronimo in the third season of The Voice Kids.
On June 2, 2019, Sarah Geronimo confirmed that she will be returning as a coach for the fourth season.
Lea Salonga
On January 15, 2014, interview by Push, Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show. She said that she was happy to join the kids version of The Voice of the Philippines. She also said, "I'm doing it, I can't say 'we' because I don't know. You'll have to ask Bamboo and Sarah (Geronimo) if they also said yes, but I said yes na. So we're just kind of fine tuning it. Kasi even in the franchises abroad like the Netherlands and Korea, they chose the same people who do the adults and kids. But there's just going to be three coaches. It's a shorter season. With the adults, it's the same as last year. And we're going to start ramping up. It's exciting and I've been getting texts form the staff who are auditioning people for this year, they're all like telling me, 'Maloloka ka, maloloka ka sa galing ng mga nag-o-audition. I think you'll find it even better than last year.' I feel like my cup runneth over! (laughs) So it's exciting to think about. I can't wait to start. It'll be fun. It will be a good time."
Hosts
On February 10, 2014, interview of Banana Nite, Toni Gonzaga confirmed that she will not be hosting the kids version. On March 11, 2014, a rumor was circulating online that Luis Manzano and Alex Gonzaga will be hosting the show. By March 14, the rumor was becoming more stronger as The Voice Kids team published a teaser, through the franchise's official Instagram, of an image of two silhouette individuals described as the hosts of the show. Few netizens commented that the silhouette figures highly resembled those of Luis Manzano and Alex Gonzaga. On March 17, 2014, it was confirmed by the official PR website of ABS-CBN that the show will be hosted by Luis Manzano and Alex Gonzaga.
The second season of the show is hosted again by Manzano. He will be joined by two new hosts: Robi Domingo (who previously co-hosted with Manzano in the second season of the adult version) and Yeng Constantino. Both replaced Gonzaga as the backstage and social media hosts.
For the show's third season, Kim Chiu replaces Yeng Constantino due to the latter being focused as a judge and mentor in two other singing competitions: Tawag ng Tanghalan and We Love OPM. This was further confirmed via a commercial that aired on May 20, 2016.
On the fourth season of the show, Toni Gonzaga replaced Luis Manzano as its new host due to that he returned as the host of the second season of I Can See Your Voice. Robi Domingo returned as its backstage host. Kim Chiu did not return as its backstage host due to that she will have a new teleserye Love Thy Woman. KaladKaren and Jeremy Glinoga hosted the online companion show during the fourth season, which airs concurrently to the main show.
On the fifth season, it was announced on the press that only Robi Domingo will remain as host. Bianca Gonzalez will replace Toni Gonzaga as its new host. Jeremy Glinoga returned as the online host for this season with second season grand champion Elha Nympha replacing KaladKaren.
Coaches and hosts
Coaches
Hosts
Legend
Featured as a TV host.
Featured as an backstage host.
Featured as an online host.
Featured as a contestant.
Season summary
Warning: the following table presents a significant amount of different colors.
Team Lea (FamiLea)
Team Bamboo (Kamp Kawayan)
Team Sarah
Team Sharon
Team KZ (Team Supreme)
Team Martin (MarTeam)
Teams
In each season, each coach chooses a number of acts to progress to the live shows (two for the first two seasons, three since season three). This table shows, for each season, which artists he or she put through to the live shows. In each series, artists advance to the Grand Finals via the public votes, either regardless of their teams (for the first two seasons) or team-based (since season three).
Winners are in denoted in boldface; stolen artists are italicized.
Contestant placing
Reception
Television ratings
From the accumulated data report gathered by Kantar Media in January to December 2014, the first season of the franchise was the most watched television program in the entire year with an average television viewership rating of 34.5%. It even beat the second season of the adult's version which only gained an average television viewership rating of 27.5% and ranked sixth out of twenty. Meanwhile, from AGB Nielsen's data, the first season's July 26 episode was the sixth most watched episode in the entire year and tied with Got to Believe'''s March 6 episode with both programs earned a 31.8% rating. In 2015, the second season of the franchise was the most watched television program in the entire year, having garnered an average television viewership rating of 41.7%.
Television ratings for The Voice of the Philippines'' on ABS-CBN come from two major sources, namely from AGB Nielsen and Kantar Media. AGB Nielsen's survey ratings were gathered from Mega Manila households, while Kantar Media's survey ratings were gathered from all over the Philippines' urban and rural households.
Awards
Since the show's inception, it had received numerous nominations and awards from different award giving bodies.
See also
List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN
List of programs broadcast by Kapamilya Channel
List of programs broadcast by Kapamilya Online Live
List of programs broadcast by A2Z
References
External links
The Voice Kids on ABS-CBN Entertainment page
The Voice of the Philippines
ABS-CBN original programming
Philippine reality television series
2014 Philippine television series debuts
2010s Philippine television series
2020s Philippine television series
Filipino-language television shows
Television series about children |
Diana Jane Spencer (born 1969) is an Irish classical scholar. She is Professor of Classics and dean of liberal arts and natural sciences at the University of Birmingham. Her research focuses on how ancient Romans articulate and explore their own identity.
Early life and education
Spencer was born in 1969. As an undergraduate, she attended Trinity College, Dublin, where she was awarded a BA (Hons) in Modern English and Classical Civilization in 1991. She completed an MA in Late Antique and Early Byzantine Studies at Royal Holloway, University of London in 1992. Her PhD in Classics, awarded by the University of Cambridge in 1997, focused on the Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufus: her doctoral thesis was titled "The Roman Alexander: studies in Curtius Rufus". During her time at Cambridge, Spencer was a member of St John's College.
Career
Spencer joined the University of Birmingham and was promoted to Senior Lecturer, then to Reader in Roman Intellectual Culture, and finally to Professor. She currently serves as Dean of Liberal Arts and Natural Sciences, and has held the position since the LANS programme was established in 2013. She had previously served as the Director of the University's College of Arts and Law Graduate School.
Spencer was a member of the AHRC's Peer Review College from 2009 to 2013. She is currently a member of the editorial board of the American Journal of Philology and Intertexts, and sits on the Classical Association Journals Board.
She has served as an Ambassador at the British School of Rome (2016–19).
Research
Spencer's research has focused on a broad range of ways in which the ancient Romans understand and explain their own identities. Her "rich and lively" first book explored the importance of Alexander the Great to Roman notions of self. Her second book, Roman Landscape: Culture and Identity, made "a valuable contribution" to the field of understanding how the Romans understood their engagement with the space around them. She has written extensively on how Roman literature articulates ideas of space, motion and movement, as well as how these patterns of speech help formulate and solidify Roman identity.
Media
Spencer has appeared on In Our Time as an expert on Alexander the Great.
Selected publications
References
External links
University of Birmingham staff profile
Diana Spencer's Blog, Rome and all that...
Irish women academics
21st-century Irish historians
Classical scholars of the University of Birmingham
Living people
Irish women historians
1969 births
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin |
AN/TPS-72 is a planar array, E\F band air search radar based on AN/TPS-43 and produced by Westinghouse.
See also
AN/TPS-43
External links
AN/TPS-72 @ US Dynamics
Military radars of the United States
Ground radars
Radars of the United States Air Force |
Major Percy Horace Gordon Powell-Cotton, FZS, FRGS, FRAI, JP (20 September 1866 – 26 June 1940) was an English explorer, hunter, most noted for the creation of the Powell-Cotton Museum in the grounds of his home, Quex Park in Birchington-on-Sea, Kent, England. Powell-Cotton is noted for bringing an extraordinary number of animal specimens back from his travels across Africa, potentially creating the largest collection of game ever shot by one man. Despite this, Powell-Cotton was an early conservationist, helping categorise a wide number of species across the globe. His two daughters, Antoinette Powell-Cotton and Diana Powell-Cotton shared his passion for conservation, pursuing archaeology and anthropology respectively.
Powell-Cotton made a large number of films (Powell-Cotton filmography) including ethnographic, documentary and wildlife films (Powell-Cotton Ethnographic Films).
Early life
Percy Powell-Cotton was born on 20 September 1866, in Garlinge, Margate, to Henry Horace Powell-Cotton and Matilda Christina (née Gordon). Powell-Cotton had two siblings: a sister, Ida and a brother, Gerald. Most of Powell-Cotton’s early life was spent in London, although he joined his family on many weekend and summer trips to their home in Margate. Aged fifteen, Powell-Cotton helped his father modernise Quex House, before the family returned to live there. Whilst living there, Powell-Cotton began breeding chickens, hunting rabbits and photographing wildlife. He kept meticulous records of these endeavours, a habit that would follow him into later life.
Military career
Powell-Cotton joined the Militia Battalion of Northumberland Fusiliers in 1885, and attended the Hythe School of Musketry for training. During the Second Boer War, Powell-Cotton served in the Volunteer Regiment of the 5th Battalion, who were stationed in Malta. In July 1901, he retired from military service. However, at the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, Powell-Cotton offered himself up for military service. He was turned away as, at 48, he was considered too old to serve. In lieu of serving in the war, Powell-Cotton offered his home, Quex House, to the Birchington Volunteer Aid Detachment to use as an Auxiliary Military Hospital.
Expeditions
Powell-Cotton embarked on over 28 expeditions between 1887 and 1939, across Africa and Asia, gathering various zoological and ethnographical specimens
In 1900, Powell-Cotton met with Emperor Menelik II, who granted him permission to hunt across Ethiopia. Powell-Cotton's subsequent expedition across Ethiopia formed the basis of his first book, A Sporting Trip Through Abyssinia. In 1902 he was in Uganda and Kenya, visiting Lake Baringo.
In November 1905, whilst on an expedition in Kenya, Powell-Cotton married Hannah Brayton Slater in Nairobi Cathedral. To save interrupting his ninth expedition, his new wife chose to join him on his expedition, for a honeymoon that lasted two years.
In 1907, still on his honeymoon expedition, Powell-Cotton was badly mauled by a lion he had thought incapacitated by a precious shot. As he approached it, the lion leapt up and attacked with its claws and jaw. Powell-Cotton escaped relatively unharmed due to a rolled up copy of Punch magazine in his breast pocket protecting him from the majority of the lion's attacks. The lion, the suit that Powell-Cotton was wearing and the copy of Punch are now all on display at the Powell-Cotton Museum.
Powell-Cotton's expeditions directly led into the creation of the Powell-Cotton Museum. After bringing back a range of zoological specimens from his early travels, Powell-Cotton contracted Rowland Ward to prepare the animals for display. Whilst on an expedition through India in 1896, Powell-Cotton enlisted his brother Gerald to oversee the construction of the Powell Cotton Museum in the grounds of Quex House.
Whilst on his expeditions, Powell-Cotton created a wide range of ethnographic films documentary the peoples and animals of the countries. In later life, he collaborated with his daughter Diana, who further added to the filmography after Powell-Cotton died.
The wide range of animal specimens that Powell-Cotton returned with from his travels have proved to be a valuable resource in taxonomic research, even in the present day. Consequentially, Powell-Cotton has several species named in honour of him.
Bibliography
Publications
Major Powell-Cotton, Notes on a Journey through East Africa and Northern Uganda Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 3, No. 12 (Jul. 1904), pp. 315–324
P.H.G. Powell-Cotton, A Journey Through Northern Uganda The Geographical Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Jul. 1904), pp. 56–65
P.H.G. Powell-Cotton, A Journey Through the Eastern Portion of the Congo State The Geographical Journal, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Oct. 1907), pp. 371–382
P.H.G. Powell-Cotton, Notes on a Journey through the Great Ituri Forest Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 7, No. 25 (Oct. 1907), pp. 1–12
P.H.G. Powell-Cotton, 1. Notes on Crossbows and Arrows from French Equatorial Africa Man Vol. 29, (Jan. 1929), pp. 1–3
P.H.G. Powell-Cotton, H. J. Braunholtz 132. A Mancala Board Called "Songo." Man, Vol. 31, (Jul. 1931), p. 123
P.H.G. Powell-Cotton, 329. Benin Brass Castings and Handicrafts in the Cameroons. Man, Vol. 32, (Dec. 1932), p. 284
P.H.G. Powell-Cotton, 4. Note on the Native Custom of Carrying Stones in the Mouth, Collected Feb.-March 1932, French Cameroons. Man, Vol. 33, (Jan. 1933), pp. 9–10
See also
Taxonomic contributions of Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
Powell-Cotton Museum
Quex Park
Diana and Antoinette Powell-Cotton
List of famous big game hunters
References
English explorers
People from Margate
1866 births
1940 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
People from Birchington-on-Sea |
Javadabad (, also Romanized as Javādābād and Jawādābād) is a city in, capital of, Javadabad District of Varamin County, Tehran province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 4,718 in 1,103 households. The following census in 2011 counted 4,903 people in 1,220 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 4,844 people in 1,494 households.
References
Varamin County
Cities in Tehran Province
Populated places in Varamin County |
```java
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.thingsboard.server.common.data.id;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.EntityType;
import java.util.UUID;
public class QueueId extends UUIDBased implements EntityId {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@JsonCreator
public QueueId(@JsonProperty("id") UUID id) {
super(id);
}
public static QueueId fromString(String queueId) {
return new QueueId(UUID.fromString(queueId));
}
@Schema(requiredMode = Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED, description = "string", example = "QUEUE", allowableValues = "QUEUE")
@Override
public EntityType getEntityType() {
return EntityType.QUEUE;
}
}
``` |
Drimia indica is a species of flowering plant found from South Asia to South Africa.
Description
Drimia indica is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant which grows from bulbs. It has long leaves, typically 15–30 cm long by 1–2.5 cm wide, but sometimes considerably longer. The flowers, which appear in spring before the leaves, are borne in racemes on a leafless stem (scape) up to 60 cm long. The flowers are widely spaced on the raceme, which is 15–31 cm long, and are carried on stalks (pedicels) 2.5–4 cm long. Individual flowers are bell-shaped. The six pale brown tepals have white margins. The 6–7 cm long stamens have yellow anthers and filaments which are flattened at the base. Between six and nine seeds are produced in a capsule which is 1.5–1.8 cm long. Individual seeds are black and shaped like flattened ellipsoids.
Distribution
D. indica has a wide distribution, in tropical and southern Africa, the Indian subcontinent and eastwards to Vietnam.
Uses
D. indica is used as a substitute for the "true squill", Drimia maritima, in traditional medicine.
Sources
External links
https://archive.today/20130216224731/http://www.tribalmedicine-hemadriz.com/papersnreviews.html
Scilloideae
Flora of Asia
Flora of Africa
Plants described in 1832 |
Vanessa Huppenkothen Labra is a Mexican model and television presenter for ESPN Deportes and ESPN Mexico.
Early life
The daughter of a Mexican mother and a German father, the football player Dieter Huppenkothen, she was born in Mexico City. She grew up in Mexico, but also often lived with her father in Duisburg. At that time, she attended Schalke 04 matches and is still an avowed fan of the Bundesliga club. She is fluent in German. After leaving school, Huppenkothen studied in Mexico City taking the subject International Relations. In an interview with German tabloid Bild, Huppenkothen mentioned that she chose this subject because she wanted to be the Mexico ambassador to Germany at that time. Her master's thesis was on FIFA.
Career
Parallel to her studies, she began modelling in 2007. Entering the initial rounds of the Miss Mexico National Contest, she became a Title Holder of the Nuestra Belleza Distrito Federal, and subsequently one of the only two designates from Distrito Federal, Mexico to the Miss Mexico National Contest 2007, where she was the final winner of the Miss Sports Award.
After a TV competition, she won a job as a sports journalist at the Mexican station Televisa Deportes. In 2008, she covered the 2008 Summer Olympic from Beijing. She appeared in a guest role in the 2008 TV series Noticiero Televisa Deportes. In 2010, she acted in iDespierta América!, and appeared as a reporter in Los Héroes del Norte in 2011.
She reported on the Mexico national football team at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. For the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, she was again a presenter for Televisa's coverage of the Mexico national team, during which time she generated considerable attention, even coming amongst the top five searches in Singapore. She was featured as the cover feature model for GQ in June 2014 and Esquire in June 2013, GQ had earlier covered her in November 2012 and Esquire in November 2013.
After nine years in Televisa she left the network in March 2016, she moved to ESPN Mexico in July 2016.
Filmography
2008: Noticiero Televisa Deportes
2010: ¡Despierta América!
2011: Los Héroes del Norte
References
External links
Web site
Living people
21st-century Mexican actresses
Mexican female models
Mexican television presenters
Mexican people of German descent
Mexican people of Spanish descent
Models from Mexico City
Actors from Mexico City
ESPN people
Mexican women television presenters
1984 births |
```c
/*
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
* tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
* in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
* be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
#include "webrtc/modules/audio_processing/aecm/aecm_core.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "webrtc/common_audio/ring_buffer.h"
#include "webrtc/common_audio/signal_processing/include/real_fft.h"
#include "webrtc/modules/audio_processing/aecm/include/echo_control_mobile.h"
#include "webrtc/modules/audio_processing/utility/delay_estimator_wrapper.h"
#include "webrtc/system_wrappers/interface/compile_assert_c.h"
#include "webrtc/system_wrappers/interface/cpu_features_wrapper.h"
#include "webrtc/typedefs.h"
// Square root of Hanning window in Q14.
#if defined(WEBRTC_DETECT_NEON) || defined(WEBRTC_HAS_NEON)
// Table is defined in an ARM assembly file.
extern const ALIGN8_BEG int16_t WebRtcAecm_kSqrtHanning[] ALIGN8_END;
#else
static const ALIGN8_BEG int16_t WebRtcAecm_kSqrtHanning[] ALIGN8_END = {
0, 399, 798, 1196, 1594, 1990, 2386, 2780, 3172,
3562, 3951, 4337, 4720, 5101, 5478, 5853, 6224,
6591, 6954, 7313, 7668, 8019, 8364, 8705, 9040,
9370, 9695, 10013, 10326, 10633, 10933, 11227, 11514,
11795, 12068, 12335, 12594, 12845, 13089, 13325, 13553,
13773, 13985, 14189, 14384, 14571, 14749, 14918, 15079,
15231, 15373, 15506, 15631, 15746, 15851, 15947, 16034,
16111, 16179, 16237, 16286, 16325, 16354, 16373, 16384
};
#endif
#ifdef AECM_WITH_ABS_APPROX
//Q15 alpha = 0.99439986968132 const Factor for magnitude approximation
static const uint16_t kAlpha1 = 32584;
//Q15 beta = 0.12967166976970 const Factor for magnitude approximation
static const uint16_t kBeta1 = 4249;
//Q15 alpha = 0.94234827210087 const Factor for magnitude approximation
static const uint16_t kAlpha2 = 30879;
//Q15 beta = 0.33787806009150 const Factor for magnitude approximation
static const uint16_t kBeta2 = 11072;
//Q15 alpha = 0.82247698684306 const Factor for magnitude approximation
static const uint16_t kAlpha3 = 26951;
//Q15 beta = 0.57762063060713 const Factor for magnitude approximation
static const uint16_t kBeta3 = 18927;
#endif
static const int16_t kNoiseEstQDomain = 15;
static const int16_t kNoiseEstIncCount = 5;
static void ComfortNoise(AecmCore* aecm,
const uint16_t* dfa,
ComplexInt16* out,
const int16_t* lambda);
static void WindowAndFFT(AecmCore* aecm,
int16_t* fft,
const int16_t* time_signal,
ComplexInt16* freq_signal,
int time_signal_scaling) {
int i = 0;
// FFT of signal
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN; i++) {
// Window time domain signal and insert into real part of
// transformation array |fft|
int16_t scaled_time_signal = time_signal[i] << time_signal_scaling;
fft[i] = (int16_t)((scaled_time_signal * WebRtcAecm_kSqrtHanning[i]) >> 14);
scaled_time_signal = time_signal[i + PART_LEN] << time_signal_scaling;
fft[PART_LEN + i] = (int16_t)((
scaled_time_signal * WebRtcAecm_kSqrtHanning[PART_LEN - i]) >> 14);
}
// Do forward FFT, then take only the first PART_LEN complex samples,
// and change signs of the imaginary parts.
WebRtcSpl_RealForwardFFT(aecm->real_fft, fft, (int16_t*)freq_signal);
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN; i++) {
freq_signal[i].imag = -freq_signal[i].imag;
}
}
static void InverseFFTAndWindow(AecmCore* aecm,
int16_t* fft,
ComplexInt16* efw,
int16_t* output,
const int16_t* nearendClean) {
int i, j, outCFFT;
int32_t tmp32no1;
// Reuse |efw| for the inverse FFT output after transferring
// the contents to |fft|.
int16_t* ifft_out = (int16_t*)efw;
// Synthesis
for (i = 1, j = 2; i < PART_LEN; i += 1, j += 2) {
fft[j] = efw[i].real;
fft[j + 1] = -efw[i].imag;
}
fft[0] = efw[0].real;
fft[1] = -efw[0].imag;
fft[PART_LEN2] = efw[PART_LEN].real;
fft[PART_LEN2 + 1] = -efw[PART_LEN].imag;
// Inverse FFT. Keep outCFFT to scale the samples in the next block.
outCFFT = WebRtcSpl_RealInverseFFT(aecm->real_fft, fft, ifft_out);
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN; i++) {
ifft_out[i] = (int16_t)WEBRTC_SPL_MUL_16_16_RSFT_WITH_ROUND(
ifft_out[i], WebRtcAecm_kSqrtHanning[i], 14);
tmp32no1 = WEBRTC_SPL_SHIFT_W32((int32_t)ifft_out[i],
outCFFT - aecm->dfaCleanQDomain);
output[i] = (int16_t)WEBRTC_SPL_SAT(WEBRTC_SPL_WORD16_MAX,
tmp32no1 + aecm->outBuf[i],
WEBRTC_SPL_WORD16_MIN);
tmp32no1 = (ifft_out[PART_LEN + i] *
WebRtcAecm_kSqrtHanning[PART_LEN - i]) >> 14;
tmp32no1 = WEBRTC_SPL_SHIFT_W32(tmp32no1,
outCFFT - aecm->dfaCleanQDomain);
aecm->outBuf[i] = (int16_t)WEBRTC_SPL_SAT(WEBRTC_SPL_WORD16_MAX,
tmp32no1,
WEBRTC_SPL_WORD16_MIN);
}
// Copy the current block to the old position
// (aecm->outBuf is shifted elsewhere)
memcpy(aecm->xBuf, aecm->xBuf + PART_LEN, sizeof(int16_t) * PART_LEN);
memcpy(aecm->dBufNoisy,
aecm->dBufNoisy + PART_LEN,
sizeof(int16_t) * PART_LEN);
if (nearendClean != NULL)
{
memcpy(aecm->dBufClean,
aecm->dBufClean + PART_LEN,
sizeof(int16_t) * PART_LEN);
}
}
// Transforms a time domain signal into the frequency domain, outputting the
// complex valued signal, absolute value and sum of absolute values.
//
// time_signal [in] Pointer to time domain signal
// freq_signal_real [out] Pointer to real part of frequency domain array
// freq_signal_imag [out] Pointer to imaginary part of frequency domain
// array
// freq_signal_abs [out] Pointer to absolute value of frequency domain
// array
// freq_signal_sum_abs [out] Pointer to the sum of all absolute values in
// the frequency domain array
// return value The Q-domain of current frequency values
//
static int TimeToFrequencyDomain(AecmCore* aecm,
const int16_t* time_signal,
ComplexInt16* freq_signal,
uint16_t* freq_signal_abs,
uint32_t* freq_signal_sum_abs) {
int i = 0;
int time_signal_scaling = 0;
int32_t tmp32no1 = 0;
int32_t tmp32no2 = 0;
// In fft_buf, +16 for 32-byte alignment.
int16_t fft_buf[PART_LEN4 + 16];
int16_t *fft = (int16_t *) (((uintptr_t) fft_buf + 31) & ~31);
int16_t tmp16no1;
#ifndef WEBRTC_ARCH_ARM_V7
int16_t tmp16no2;
#endif
#ifdef AECM_WITH_ABS_APPROX
int16_t max_value = 0;
int16_t min_value = 0;
uint16_t alpha = 0;
uint16_t beta = 0;
#endif
#ifdef AECM_DYNAMIC_Q
tmp16no1 = WebRtcSpl_MaxAbsValueW16(time_signal, PART_LEN2);
time_signal_scaling = WebRtcSpl_NormW16(tmp16no1);
#endif
WindowAndFFT(aecm, fft, time_signal, freq_signal, time_signal_scaling);
// Extract imaginary and real part, calculate the magnitude for
// all frequency bins
freq_signal[0].imag = 0;
freq_signal[PART_LEN].imag = 0;
freq_signal_abs[0] = (uint16_t)WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(freq_signal[0].real);
freq_signal_abs[PART_LEN] = (uint16_t)WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(
freq_signal[PART_LEN].real);
(*freq_signal_sum_abs) = (uint32_t)(freq_signal_abs[0]) +
(uint32_t)(freq_signal_abs[PART_LEN]);
for (i = 1; i < PART_LEN; i++)
{
if (freq_signal[i].real == 0)
{
freq_signal_abs[i] = (uint16_t)WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(freq_signal[i].imag);
}
else if (freq_signal[i].imag == 0)
{
freq_signal_abs[i] = (uint16_t)WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(freq_signal[i].real);
}
else
{
// Approximation for magnitude of complex fft output
// magn = sqrt(real^2 + imag^2)
// magn ~= alpha * max(|imag|,|real|) + beta * min(|imag|,|real|)
//
// The parameters alpha and beta are stored in Q15
#ifdef AECM_WITH_ABS_APPROX
tmp16no1 = WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(freq_signal[i].real);
tmp16no2 = WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(freq_signal[i].imag);
if(tmp16no1 > tmp16no2)
{
max_value = tmp16no1;
min_value = tmp16no2;
} else
{
max_value = tmp16no2;
min_value = tmp16no1;
}
// Magnitude in Q(-6)
if ((max_value >> 2) > min_value)
{
alpha = kAlpha1;
beta = kBeta1;
} else if ((max_value >> 1) > min_value)
{
alpha = kAlpha2;
beta = kBeta2;
} else
{
alpha = kAlpha3;
beta = kBeta3;
}
tmp16no1 = (int16_t)((max_value * alpha) >> 15);
tmp16no2 = (int16_t)((min_value * beta) >> 15);
freq_signal_abs[i] = (uint16_t)tmp16no1 + (uint16_t)tmp16no2;
#else
#ifdef WEBRTC_ARCH_ARM_V7
__asm __volatile(
"smulbb %[tmp32no1], %[real], %[real]\n\t"
"smlabb %[tmp32no2], %[imag], %[imag], %[tmp32no1]\n\t"
:[tmp32no1]"+&r"(tmp32no1),
[tmp32no2]"=r"(tmp32no2)
:[real]"r"(freq_signal[i].real),
[imag]"r"(freq_signal[i].imag)
);
#else
tmp16no1 = WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(freq_signal[i].real);
tmp16no2 = WEBRTC_SPL_ABS_W16(freq_signal[i].imag);
tmp32no1 = tmp16no1 * tmp16no1;
tmp32no2 = tmp16no2 * tmp16no2;
tmp32no2 = WebRtcSpl_AddSatW32(tmp32no1, tmp32no2);
#endif // WEBRTC_ARCH_ARM_V7
tmp32no1 = WebRtcSpl_SqrtFloor(tmp32no2);
freq_signal_abs[i] = (uint16_t)tmp32no1;
#endif // AECM_WITH_ABS_APPROX
}
(*freq_signal_sum_abs) += (uint32_t)freq_signal_abs[i];
}
return time_signal_scaling;
}
int WebRtcAecm_ProcessBlock(AecmCore* aecm,
const int16_t* farend,
const int16_t* nearendNoisy,
const int16_t* nearendClean,
int16_t* output) {
int i;
uint32_t xfaSum;
uint32_t dfaNoisySum;
uint32_t dfaCleanSum;
uint32_t echoEst32Gained;
uint32_t tmpU32;
int32_t tmp32no1;
uint16_t xfa[PART_LEN1];
uint16_t dfaNoisy[PART_LEN1];
uint16_t dfaClean[PART_LEN1];
uint16_t* ptrDfaClean = dfaClean;
const uint16_t* far_spectrum_ptr = NULL;
// 32 byte aligned buffers (with +8 or +16).
// TODO(kma): define fft with ComplexInt16.
int16_t fft_buf[PART_LEN4 + 2 + 16]; // +2 to make a loop safe.
int32_t echoEst32_buf[PART_LEN1 + 8];
int32_t dfw_buf[PART_LEN2 + 8];
int32_t efw_buf[PART_LEN2 + 8];
int16_t* fft = (int16_t*) (((uintptr_t) fft_buf + 31) & ~ 31);
int32_t* echoEst32 = (int32_t*) (((uintptr_t) echoEst32_buf + 31) & ~ 31);
ComplexInt16* dfw = (ComplexInt16*)(((uintptr_t)dfw_buf + 31) & ~31);
ComplexInt16* efw = (ComplexInt16*)(((uintptr_t)efw_buf + 31) & ~31);
int16_t hnl[PART_LEN1];
int16_t numPosCoef = 0;
int16_t nlpGain = ONE_Q14;
int delay;
int16_t tmp16no1;
int16_t tmp16no2;
int16_t mu;
int16_t supGain;
int16_t zeros32, zeros16;
int16_t zerosDBufNoisy, zerosDBufClean, zerosXBuf;
int far_q;
int16_t resolutionDiff, qDomainDiff, dfa_clean_q_domain_diff;
const int kMinPrefBand = 4;
const int kMaxPrefBand = 24;
int32_t avgHnl32 = 0;
// Determine startup state. There are three states:
// (0) the first CONV_LEN blocks
// (1) another CONV_LEN blocks
// (2) the rest
if (aecm->startupState < 2)
{
aecm->startupState = (aecm->totCount >= CONV_LEN) +
(aecm->totCount >= CONV_LEN2);
}
// END: Determine startup state
// Buffer near and far end signals
memcpy(aecm->xBuf + PART_LEN, farend, sizeof(int16_t) * PART_LEN);
memcpy(aecm->dBufNoisy + PART_LEN, nearendNoisy, sizeof(int16_t) * PART_LEN);
if (nearendClean != NULL)
{
memcpy(aecm->dBufClean + PART_LEN,
nearendClean,
sizeof(int16_t) * PART_LEN);
}
// Transform far end signal from time domain to frequency domain.
far_q = TimeToFrequencyDomain(aecm,
aecm->xBuf,
dfw,
xfa,
&xfaSum);
// Transform noisy near end signal from time domain to frequency domain.
zerosDBufNoisy = TimeToFrequencyDomain(aecm,
aecm->dBufNoisy,
dfw,
dfaNoisy,
&dfaNoisySum);
aecm->dfaNoisyQDomainOld = aecm->dfaNoisyQDomain;
aecm->dfaNoisyQDomain = (int16_t)zerosDBufNoisy;
if (nearendClean == NULL)
{
ptrDfaClean = dfaNoisy;
aecm->dfaCleanQDomainOld = aecm->dfaNoisyQDomainOld;
aecm->dfaCleanQDomain = aecm->dfaNoisyQDomain;
dfaCleanSum = dfaNoisySum;
} else
{
// Transform clean near end signal from time domain to frequency domain.
zerosDBufClean = TimeToFrequencyDomain(aecm,
aecm->dBufClean,
dfw,
dfaClean,
&dfaCleanSum);
aecm->dfaCleanQDomainOld = aecm->dfaCleanQDomain;
aecm->dfaCleanQDomain = (int16_t)zerosDBufClean;
}
// Get the delay
// Save far-end history and estimate delay
WebRtcAecm_UpdateFarHistory(aecm, xfa, far_q);
if (WebRtc_AddFarSpectrumFix(aecm->delay_estimator_farend,
xfa,
PART_LEN1,
far_q) == -1) {
return -1;
}
delay = WebRtc_DelayEstimatorProcessFix(aecm->delay_estimator,
dfaNoisy,
PART_LEN1,
zerosDBufNoisy);
if (delay == -1)
{
return -1;
}
else if (delay == -2)
{
// If the delay is unknown, we assume zero.
// NOTE: this will have to be adjusted if we ever add lookahead.
delay = 0;
}
if (aecm->fixedDelay >= 0)
{
// Use fixed delay
delay = aecm->fixedDelay;
}
// Get aligned far end spectrum
far_spectrum_ptr = WebRtcAecm_AlignedFarend(aecm, &far_q, delay);
zerosXBuf = (int16_t) far_q;
if (far_spectrum_ptr == NULL)
{
return -1;
}
// Calculate log(energy) and update energy threshold levels
WebRtcAecm_CalcEnergies(aecm,
far_spectrum_ptr,
zerosXBuf,
dfaNoisySum,
echoEst32);
// Calculate stepsize
mu = WebRtcAecm_CalcStepSize(aecm);
// Update counters
aecm->totCount++;
// This is the channel estimation algorithm.
// It is base on NLMS but has a variable step length,
// which was calculated above.
WebRtcAecm_UpdateChannel(aecm,
far_spectrum_ptr,
zerosXBuf,
dfaNoisy,
mu,
echoEst32);
supGain = WebRtcAecm_CalcSuppressionGain(aecm);
// Calculate Wiener filter hnl[]
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
// Far end signal through channel estimate in Q8
// How much can we shift right to preserve resolution
tmp32no1 = echoEst32[i] - aecm->echoFilt[i];
aecm->echoFilt[i] += (tmp32no1 * 50) >> 8;
zeros32 = WebRtcSpl_NormW32(aecm->echoFilt[i]) + 1;
zeros16 = WebRtcSpl_NormW16(supGain) + 1;
if (zeros32 + zeros16 > 16)
{
// Multiplication is safe
// Result in
// Q(RESOLUTION_CHANNEL+RESOLUTION_SUPGAIN+
// aecm->xfaQDomainBuf[diff])
echoEst32Gained = WEBRTC_SPL_UMUL_32_16((uint32_t)aecm->echoFilt[i],
(uint16_t)supGain);
resolutionDiff = 14 - RESOLUTION_CHANNEL16 - RESOLUTION_SUPGAIN;
resolutionDiff += (aecm->dfaCleanQDomain - zerosXBuf);
} else
{
tmp16no1 = 17 - zeros32 - zeros16;
resolutionDiff = 14 + tmp16no1 - RESOLUTION_CHANNEL16 -
RESOLUTION_SUPGAIN;
resolutionDiff += (aecm->dfaCleanQDomain - zerosXBuf);
if (zeros32 > tmp16no1)
{
echoEst32Gained = WEBRTC_SPL_UMUL_32_16((uint32_t)aecm->echoFilt[i],
supGain >> tmp16no1);
} else
{
// Result in Q-(RESOLUTION_CHANNEL+RESOLUTION_SUPGAIN-16)
echoEst32Gained = (aecm->echoFilt[i] >> tmp16no1) * supGain;
}
}
zeros16 = WebRtcSpl_NormW16(aecm->nearFilt[i]);
assert(zeros16 >= 0); // |zeros16| is a norm, hence non-negative.
dfa_clean_q_domain_diff = aecm->dfaCleanQDomain - aecm->dfaCleanQDomainOld;
if (zeros16 < dfa_clean_q_domain_diff && aecm->nearFilt[i]) {
tmp16no1 = aecm->nearFilt[i] << zeros16;
qDomainDiff = zeros16 - dfa_clean_q_domain_diff;
tmp16no2 = ptrDfaClean[i] >> -qDomainDiff;
} else {
tmp16no1 = dfa_clean_q_domain_diff < 0
? aecm->nearFilt[i] >> -dfa_clean_q_domain_diff
: aecm->nearFilt[i] << dfa_clean_q_domain_diff;
qDomainDiff = 0;
tmp16no2 = ptrDfaClean[i];
}
tmp32no1 = (int32_t)(tmp16no2 - tmp16no1);
tmp16no2 = (int16_t)(tmp32no1 >> 4);
tmp16no2 += tmp16no1;
zeros16 = WebRtcSpl_NormW16(tmp16no2);
if ((tmp16no2) & (-qDomainDiff > zeros16)) {
aecm->nearFilt[i] = WEBRTC_SPL_WORD16_MAX;
} else {
aecm->nearFilt[i] = qDomainDiff < 0 ? tmp16no2 << -qDomainDiff
: tmp16no2 >> qDomainDiff;
}
// Wiener filter coefficients, resulting hnl in Q14
if (echoEst32Gained == 0)
{
hnl[i] = ONE_Q14;
} else if (aecm->nearFilt[i] == 0)
{
hnl[i] = 0;
} else
{
// Multiply the suppression gain
// Rounding
echoEst32Gained += (uint32_t)(aecm->nearFilt[i] >> 1);
tmpU32 = WebRtcSpl_DivU32U16(echoEst32Gained,
(uint16_t)aecm->nearFilt[i]);
// Current resolution is
// Q-(RESOLUTION_CHANNEL+RESOLUTION_SUPGAIN- max(0,17-zeros16- zeros32))
// Make sure we are in Q14
tmp32no1 = (int32_t)WEBRTC_SPL_SHIFT_W32(tmpU32, resolutionDiff);
if (tmp32no1 > ONE_Q14)
{
hnl[i] = 0;
} else if (tmp32no1 < 0)
{
hnl[i] = ONE_Q14;
} else
{
// 1-echoEst/dfa
hnl[i] = ONE_Q14 - (int16_t)tmp32no1;
if (hnl[i] < 0)
{
hnl[i] = 0;
}
}
}
if (hnl[i])
{
numPosCoef++;
}
}
// Only in wideband. Prevent the gain in upper band from being larger than
// in lower band.
if (aecm->mult == 2)
{
// TODO(bjornv): Investigate if the scaling of hnl[i] below can cause
// speech distortion in double-talk.
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
hnl[i] = (int16_t)((hnl[i] * hnl[i]) >> 14);
}
for (i = kMinPrefBand; i <= kMaxPrefBand; i++)
{
avgHnl32 += (int32_t)hnl[i];
}
assert(kMaxPrefBand - kMinPrefBand + 1 > 0);
avgHnl32 /= (kMaxPrefBand - kMinPrefBand + 1);
for (i = kMaxPrefBand; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
if (hnl[i] > (int16_t)avgHnl32)
{
hnl[i] = (int16_t)avgHnl32;
}
}
}
// Calculate NLP gain, result is in Q14
if (aecm->nlpFlag)
{
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
// Truncate values close to zero and one.
if (hnl[i] > NLP_COMP_HIGH)
{
hnl[i] = ONE_Q14;
} else if (hnl[i] < NLP_COMP_LOW)
{
hnl[i] = 0;
}
// Remove outliers
if (numPosCoef < 3)
{
nlpGain = 0;
} else
{
nlpGain = ONE_Q14;
}
// NLP
if ((hnl[i] == ONE_Q14) && (nlpGain == ONE_Q14))
{
hnl[i] = ONE_Q14;
} else
{
hnl[i] = (int16_t)((hnl[i] * nlpGain) >> 14);
}
// multiply with Wiener coefficients
efw[i].real = (int16_t)(WEBRTC_SPL_MUL_16_16_RSFT_WITH_ROUND(dfw[i].real,
hnl[i], 14));
efw[i].imag = (int16_t)(WEBRTC_SPL_MUL_16_16_RSFT_WITH_ROUND(dfw[i].imag,
hnl[i], 14));
}
}
else
{
// multiply with Wiener coefficients
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
efw[i].real = (int16_t)(WEBRTC_SPL_MUL_16_16_RSFT_WITH_ROUND(dfw[i].real,
hnl[i], 14));
efw[i].imag = (int16_t)(WEBRTC_SPL_MUL_16_16_RSFT_WITH_ROUND(dfw[i].imag,
hnl[i], 14));
}
}
if (aecm->cngMode == AecmTrue)
{
ComfortNoise(aecm, ptrDfaClean, efw, hnl);
}
InverseFFTAndWindow(aecm, fft, efw, output, nearendClean);
return 0;
}
static void ComfortNoise(AecmCore* aecm,
const uint16_t* dfa,
ComplexInt16* out,
const int16_t* lambda) {
int16_t i;
int16_t tmp16;
int32_t tmp32;
int16_t randW16[PART_LEN];
int16_t uReal[PART_LEN1];
int16_t uImag[PART_LEN1];
int32_t outLShift32;
int16_t noiseRShift16[PART_LEN1];
int16_t shiftFromNearToNoise = kNoiseEstQDomain - aecm->dfaCleanQDomain;
int16_t minTrackShift;
assert(shiftFromNearToNoise >= 0);
assert(shiftFromNearToNoise < 16);
if (aecm->noiseEstCtr < 100)
{
// Track the minimum more quickly initially.
aecm->noiseEstCtr++;
minTrackShift = 6;
} else
{
minTrackShift = 9;
}
// Estimate noise power.
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
// Shift to the noise domain.
tmp32 = (int32_t)dfa[i];
outLShift32 = tmp32 << shiftFromNearToNoise;
if (outLShift32 < aecm->noiseEst[i])
{
// Reset "too low" counter
aecm->noiseEstTooLowCtr[i] = 0;
// Track the minimum.
if (aecm->noiseEst[i] < (1 << minTrackShift))
{
// For small values, decrease noiseEst[i] every
// |kNoiseEstIncCount| block. The regular approach below can not
// go further down due to truncation.
aecm->noiseEstTooHighCtr[i]++;
if (aecm->noiseEstTooHighCtr[i] >= kNoiseEstIncCount)
{
aecm->noiseEst[i]--;
aecm->noiseEstTooHighCtr[i] = 0; // Reset the counter
}
}
else
{
aecm->noiseEst[i] -= ((aecm->noiseEst[i] - outLShift32)
>> minTrackShift);
}
} else
{
// Reset "too high" counter
aecm->noiseEstTooHighCtr[i] = 0;
// Ramp slowly upwards until we hit the minimum again.
if ((aecm->noiseEst[i] >> 19) > 0)
{
// Avoid overflow.
// Multiplication with 2049 will cause wrap around. Scale
// down first and then multiply
aecm->noiseEst[i] >>= 11;
aecm->noiseEst[i] *= 2049;
}
else if ((aecm->noiseEst[i] >> 11) > 0)
{
// Large enough for relative increase
aecm->noiseEst[i] *= 2049;
aecm->noiseEst[i] >>= 11;
}
else
{
// Make incremental increases based on size every
// |kNoiseEstIncCount| block
aecm->noiseEstTooLowCtr[i]++;
if (aecm->noiseEstTooLowCtr[i] >= kNoiseEstIncCount)
{
aecm->noiseEst[i] += (aecm->noiseEst[i] >> 9) + 1;
aecm->noiseEstTooLowCtr[i] = 0; // Reset counter
}
}
}
}
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
tmp32 = aecm->noiseEst[i] >> shiftFromNearToNoise;
if (tmp32 > 32767)
{
tmp32 = 32767;
aecm->noiseEst[i] = tmp32 << shiftFromNearToNoise;
}
noiseRShift16[i] = (int16_t)tmp32;
tmp16 = ONE_Q14 - lambda[i];
noiseRShift16[i] = (int16_t)((tmp16 * noiseRShift16[i]) >> 14);
}
// Generate a uniform random array on [0 2^15-1].
WebRtcSpl_RandUArray(randW16, PART_LEN, &aecm->seed);
// Generate noise according to estimated energy.
uReal[0] = 0; // Reject LF noise.
uImag[0] = 0;
for (i = 1; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
// Get a random index for the cos and sin tables over [0 359].
tmp16 = (int16_t)((359 * randW16[i - 1]) >> 15);
// Tables are in Q13.
uReal[i] = (int16_t)((noiseRShift16[i] * WebRtcAecm_kCosTable[tmp16]) >>
13);
uImag[i] = (int16_t)((-noiseRShift16[i] * WebRtcAecm_kSinTable[tmp16]) >>
13);
}
uImag[PART_LEN] = 0;
for (i = 0; i < PART_LEN1; i++)
{
out[i].real = WebRtcSpl_AddSatW16(out[i].real, uReal[i]);
out[i].imag = WebRtcSpl_AddSatW16(out[i].imag, uImag[i]);
}
}
``` |
The Shore Road is a major arterial route and area of housing and commerce that runs through north Belfast and Newtownabbey in Northern Ireland. It forms part of the A2 road, a traffic route which links Belfast to the County Antrim coast.
History
The Shore Road is one of Belfast's oldest roads and is mentioned in the first census of the city – taken in 1757 – as being home to a colony of "Papists". At the time the Shore Road name was applied to a larger area, including what is today known as York Street. The York Street-York Road and lower Shore Road experienced growth during the Industrial Revolution as a number of factories were located in the area.
One of the main factories on York Street was Gallaher's Tobacco factory. It is no longer in operation and the building has been demolished.
One of these few industrial buildings still standing is the Jennymount Mill, off the York Road. The building, renamed the Lanyon Building after its architect Charles Lanyon, was reopened as an Office block in 2002. According to Irish journalist Susan McKay, the area was the scene of fierce sectarian rioting throughout the nineteenth century until it was eventually established as a bulwark of working-class Protestantism.
The areas further up the Shore Road towards Newtownabbey are for the most part more recent than these areas, with some housing developments such as Shore Crescent and the Rathcoole estate dating to the 1960s and later. Many residents of the overcrowded area at the bottom of the road were moved up to these new estates. Much of the housing throughout the length of the road has been redeveloped.
Areas of the Shore Road
York Street
York Street is a road that links Belfast City Centre with the Shore Road. Royal Avenue, one of the main streets in the city centre, ends when it crosses Donegall Street and this marks the start of York Street. Traditionally the street marked the boundary of the dockside Sailortown area. York Street used to be a densely populated residential area, but most of it was demolished to make way for the M2 and the subsequent Westlink. The New Lodge and Tiger's Bay areas are to the north of York Street.
York Street is the home of the University of Ulster's Belfast campus, the home the university's art and design school and a part of the city's Cathedral Quarter, which takes its name from nearby St Anne's Cathedral. Beside the university is Cathedral Eye Clinic, a leading centre for ophthalmology.
Other current features of York Street include the Cityside Shopping Centre, which has branches of Tesco, Asda and other large chain stores, St Paul's Church of Ireland and Yorkgate railway station. Previously the street had been dominated by the Co-operative buildings, built between 1911 and 1932, and housing a variety of shops, the Co-operative's regional headquarters and their restaurant and ballroom, the Orpheus. It also housed the now demolished Gallaher's tobacco factory which, when opened in 1896, was the largest cigarette factory in the world.
York Road
York Street continues to Limestone Road, where it becomes the York Road. This area is home to a police station, one of the two covering the North Belfast policing district. York Road also includes a number of places of worship both on the road and off the side streets. These include a Salvation Army mission, the Alexandra Presbyterian Church, Jennymount Methodist Church and the York Road Baptist Community.
Alexandra Park is a public park located in the area around the York Road. Whilst this area is mainly loyalist in composition it is adjacent to the republican Newington area. As a result, Alexandra Park has, uniquely for a public park, a peace line running through it, effectively separating the use of the park for each community. In late 2011 a gate was added to this fence making access possible for a limited time.
Tiger's Bay
Tiger's Bay is the name given to a unionist enclave centred on upper North Queen Street. Although it is not on the Shore Road, the two areas run parallel and are linked by a number of smaller streets. Its origins go back to the nineteenth century when it was constructed with very basic housing intended for the unskilled labourers who made up the bulk of the workforce at Harland and Wolff shipyard. Like York Street and York Road, Tiger's Bay suffered extensive damage during the Belfast Blitz.
Tiger's Bay is notorious both for the strength of the UDA in the area and for historic tensions between residents and those of the adjoining nationalist New Lodge and Newington districts. Attempts to normalise relations between the communities have been made, although moves to take down peace lines in the area have been resisted by local residents, who argue that they are a necessary safety precaution due to potential violence returning to the area. Nonetheless, projects have been undertaken in Tiger's Bay to replace paramilitary murals and sectarian graffiti with more community-based projects.
Grove and Fortwilliam
The Shore Road proper begins just after the junction with Skegoneill Avenue. The end of the York Road and the area at the base of the Shore Road is often known as Grove, due to the names of some local streets. The Grove title is reflected a number of local amenities such as the now derelict Grove Leisure Centre, Grove Housing Association, the Grove Tavern etc. As has long been the case, the Grove area remains a largely industrial area, mainly now focusing on animal feed industries. The area, parts of which have been significantly redeveloped in recent years, is home to the Grove Wellbeing Centre, a building that combines health services, a leisure centre and a library under one building. Like much of the Shore Road, the Grove area is mainly inhabited by working class Protestants.
As the Shore Road progresses the Fortwilliam area begins, taking its name from a number of local streets. The Fortwilliam area includes a large branch of Asda and a smaller branch of Lidl. Churches in the area include Seaview Presbyterian Church and Fortwilliam Gospel Hall. Near the edge of Fortwilliam is Mount Vernon estate, a large area of loyalist-dominated social housing. Belfast Corporation began building the estate in 1949, but it is dominated by two large tenement blocks, Ross House and Mount Vernon House, both of which were erected in 1966. The estate took its name from the original Mount Vernon House, a stately home, long since demolished, built for the Belfast merchant Hill Hamilton and named for George Washington's Mount Vernon plantation. The area has long been notorious for its powerful UVF unit.
Lowwood to Greencastle
The areas that follow Fortwilliam, known variously as Lowwood and Donegall Park Avenue, are almost entirely residential, although the area also contains Loughside Park, a public parkland and sports facility maintained by Belfast City Council.
Shore Crescent is a loyalist housing estate located east of the Mount Vernon and Lowwood areas. It was one of a number of areas built in the late 1960s to rehouse the residents of the inner city Sailortown area which was being demolished at the time. The Greencastle suburb which follows it is largely a mixed Catholic and Protestant area and includes St Mary's Catholic Church as well as the Whitewell Metropolitan Tabernacle, which is affiliated with the Elim Pentecostal Church. Greencastle previously had a PSNI station although, despite objections being raised by local MP Nigel Dodds, this has since been closed and the building demolished.
The Whitewell Road links the Shore Road to the Antrim Road. This area is also mixed in terms of demographics, although the two communities are largely separated and since the mid-1990s, there has been a history of sectarian clashes in the area. The Whitewell is followed by Bawnmore, an almost entirely nationalist/republican enclave and an area noted for PIRA activity during the Troubles. During the conflict Bawnmore was regularly targeted by loyalist paramilitaries and as such it was heavily fortified and cut off from the rest of the road. This has lessened since the onset of the Northern Ireland peace process, albeit with some tension remaining.
Newtownabbey
Belfast ends and Newtownabbey begins on the Shore Road an area which used to be the village of Whitehouse. Rathcoole, a large loyalist estate, is located in this area as is the smaller Merville Garden Village. This area includes the Abbey Centre and a number of other adjacent retails parks, making it the main shopping area of Newtownabbey. Places of worship in the area include Whitehouse Presbyterian Church and St. John's Church of Ireland, whilst Glas-na-Bradan Glen, a riparian woodland area close to Rathcoole, is adjacent to the Shore Road.
The Shore Road passes through Whiteabbey, another of the historic villages that forms part of Newtownabbey. The Whiteabbey section of the road largely contains private housing. The road then passes through Jordanstown with the University of Ulster campus close by. Around this area one side of the road is bordered by the sea. This is not the case in Belfast and lower Newtownabbey where the M2 and the Belfast–Larne railway line separate the Shore Road from Belfast Lough. A number of parks and green spaces are maintained along these areas of the Shore Road, notably Hazelbank Park, Rushpark, Glen Park and Jordanstown Loughshore Park, the latter of which also contains a caravan park. Following Greenisland the road changes its name to the Belfast Road as it reaches Carrickfergus. The A2 continues as far as Limavady under a number of names.
Politics
The Shore Road is divided between the two North Belfast and the two East Antrim constituencies both for Westminster and the Northern Ireland Assembly. North Belfast is now held by Sinn Féin MP John Finucane since the General Election of December 2019 and Sammy Wilson the member for East Antrim. In the Assembly North Belfast is represented by Paula Bradley, William Humphrey and Nelson McCausland of the DUP, Carál Ní Chuilín and Gerry Kelly of Sinn Féin and Nichola Mallon of the Social Democratic and Labour Party. East Antrim's MLAs are David Hilditch, Alastair Ross and Gordon Lyons of the DUP, Roy Beggs Jr of the Ulster Unionist Party, Stewart Dickson of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland and Oliver McMullan of Sinn Féin. Nigel Dodds maintains a constituency advice centre in the Grove area of the Shore Road.
For local government purposes, the Shore Road is divided between Belfast City Council and Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council. The lower parts of the Shore Road are part of the Castle District Electoral Area of Belfast City Council, whilst the rest of the road is covered by several areas of Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council.
The Troubles
Like much of Belfast, the Shore Road saw a number of paramilitary attacks during the Troubles. Paramilitaries from both the Ulster loyalist and Irish republican sides were both active on the Shore Road, both in terms of recruiting members and in carrying out attacks.
Ulster Volunteer Force
The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) was active locally from early in the Troubles. They placed a bomb in Conway's Bar, Greencastle on 29 March 1974 with two Catholic civilians, James Mitchell and Joseph Donnelly, killed in the explosion. The UVF carried out a bomb and gun attack on the same bar a year later on 13 March 1975 resulting in the deaths of a Catholic woman, Marie Doyle, and a UVF bomber, George Brown. On 23 May 1975 the UVF, under its Protestant Action Force (PAF) codename, killed two Catholic brothers, John and Thomas McErlane, as they visited friends in Mount Vernon, before shooting another Catholic civilian in late August, who would die from his wounds on 8 October.
In 1976 a loyalist feud between the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and UVF broke out and this included several incidents on the Shore Road, including UVF member Alexander Frame being assaulted with a breeze block, and a former seaman, who was not a member of either organisation, being shot and killed in a bar after getting caught in the crossfire. Larry Potter from County Monaghan was killed by a UVF car bomb on the Shore Road on 25 March 1977 when his firm's minibus was fitted with an explosive device. On 29 October 1983, David Nocher, a member of the Workers' Party, was killed at his Mill Road shop, with the attack claimed by the UVF again under their PAF pseudonym. Sectarian killings continued, as on 31 January 1986 when Martin Quinn was shot dead at his Bawnmore home.
The UVF became more active in the area during the 1990s, carrying out a number of killings. Peter McTasney was killed on 24 February 1991 at his home in Bawnmore. McTasney had no paramilitary affiliations. On 17 January 1993, a Catholic young woman, Sharon McKenna was killed by the organisation as she visited a Protestant friend on the Mount Vernon estate. On 17 May 1994 two Catholic workmen, Eamon Fox and Gary Convie, were shot and killed by the UVF as they waited in a car outside the Tiger's Bay building site at which they were employed. Later that same year, on 17 June, two Protestant workmen, Cecil Dougherty and William Corrigan, were killed in similar circumstances when the UVF, believing them to be Catholic, launched a gun attack on the hut at which their construction team was based.
During the Troubles an active UVF unit was based in the Shore Road's Mount Vernon estate and in 2011 the Historical Enquiries Team (HET) undertook a wide-ranging investigation into its activities. A number of alleged members were brought to trial based on evidence provided by supergrass Robert Stewart with crimes including the killing of UDA and Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) activist Tommy English as part of a loyalist feud. The trial, which involves some 13 alleged members of the Mount Vernon unit, ended in February 2012 when all but one of the defendants was acquitted after the judge called into question the testimonies of the central witnesses. As part of the same feud the UVF had also killed Tiger's Bay Ulster Defence Association (UDA) activist David Greer, an attack for which the UDA killed Progressive Unionist Party member Herbert Rice in the same area.
Ulster Defence Association
The UDA has been active in the area since the 1970s with the Shore Road divided between the North Belfast and South East Antrim brigades. Killings committed by the UDA in the area include Gordon Harron, a policeman, was killed near Mount Vernon after stopping a car containing UDA members on 21 October 1972. and on 13 July 1976 the shooting of Gerard Gilmore, an Official IRA (OIRA) member, outside the Boundary Bar. The Irish Times reported that he was on vigilante duty and was believed to have been armed at the time. An Official IRA death notice in the Irish News confirmed he had been on vigilante duty. He was also a member of the Workers' Party. However, one of their most notorious attacks in the area occurred on 11 February 1974 when a group of Catholic workers from Abbey Meats, a Shore Road meat packing plant, were shot at with machine guns by UDA members from East Antrim. Two teenagers, Margaret McErlean (17) and Thomas Donaghy (16), were killed in the attack.
The group was also responsible for the killing of Henry Corbett of Bawnmore Grove, Greencastle, on 3 September 1979. On 30 August 1993 Stephen McKeag of the UDA West Belfast Brigade killed Marie Teresa Dowds de Mogollon in an attack on her Fortwilliam home, although this murder was disowned by the UDA, which resulted in the killing being claimed as an accident when it was claimed under the UDA's Ulster Freedom Fighters cover name; the group said it had intended to kill her husband, a native of Peru, whom the group accused of providing safe houses and apartments for IRA volunteers.
Glen Branagh, a 16-year-old member of the UDA's youth group Ulster Young Militants, was killed in the Tiger's Bay area on 11 November 2001 after a pipe bomb he was wielding during clashes at the interface area exploded prematurely. UDA members have frequently used the Alexandra Bar on York Road as a meeting place. In March 2006 six UDA members, including Ihab Shoukri, were arrested there as part of a police raid. Several years earlier, on 15 March 1975, two UDA members John Fulton and Stephen Goatley, had been shot dead by the UVF as part of a feud between the two groups.
Provisional IRA
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) launched a number of attacks in the area. One of the first came on 5 January 1973 when 18-year-old Trevor Rankin was killed at a petrol station on the road. It was later claimed that the killers had mistaken the civilian Rankin for an off-duty member of the Ulster Defence Regiment. John Beattie, a 17-year-old member of the UDA, was killed by the PIRA on 12 July 1974 in the Tiger's Bay area.
On 5 June 1976, the IRA launched a bomb attack on the Times Bar on York Road killing two Protestant patrons. In response to the attack the UVF launched a reprisal hit on the Chlorane Bar in the city centre, killing five people. On 4 February 1978 the PIRA shot a civilian dead while mounting an attack on a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) foot patrol on the road. A similar attack, carried out from the Seaview football ground on 12 January 1980 resulted in the death of David Purse, a member of the RUC.
Others
During the early years of the Troubles a number of people were killed in attacks in which the group responsible remains unknown. On 21 June 1974 loyalists killed Protestant Stanley Lemon as he arrived at work on the Shore Road, mistakenly believing he was a Catholic. The Railway Bar in Greencastle was damaged in a bomb attack on 20 February 1975 with patron Gerald McKeown killed in the explosion. The attack was carried out by loyalists but not claimed by one group. The shooting of Joseph Branagh in Tiger's Bay later that year was likewise unclaimed, although it was the work of republicans. Michael Boothman was killed on 25 September 1976 as he stood outside the Shore Road's Wolfe Tone Social Club. Boothman's killing was carried out by loyalists but not claimed by a specific group. Later that same year, on 3 November, Georgina Strain was killed at her home in Tiger's Bay in an attack carried out by republicans but also not claimed by a specific group.
Peter McGuinness, a 41-year-old Catholic civilian was killed by a plastic bullet fired by the RUC outside his home in Greencastle on 9 August 1981. Elsewhere the republican Irish People's Liberation Organisation killed 66-year-old William Sergeant on 5 May 1992, shooting him as he stood outside the Mount Inn, Tiger's Bay.
Sport
The Shore Road and its surrounding area is home to a number of football clubs. The largest of these is NIFL Premiership club Crusaders F.C., whose Seaview home is located on the road. The club had previously played at Simpson's Boiler Field further up the Shore Road until they settled at Seaview in 1921. Since 2013 Seaview has also been home to Newington Youth F.C. Skegoneill Avenue, a street almost facing Seaview which links the Shore Road to the Antrim Road contains the home stadium of Brantwood F.C., which the ground also known as Skegoneill Avenue. Further up in the Greencastle suburb the Shore Road playing fields are home to Northern Amateur Football League sides Grove United F.C. and Malachians F.C.
The Tiger's Bay area is home to the Midland Boxing Club where reigning WBA (Super) featherweight champion Carl Frampton was amongst the fighters they trained. World Flyweight champion Rinty Monaghan, a native of the nearby Sailortown area, is commemorated by a statue on York Street.
Fortwilliam golf club is also located adjacent to the Shore Road. Located at Downview Avenue the course itself straddles Grays Lane, an arterial road linking the Shore Road and the Antrim Road in the Greencastle area close to the Whitewell Road. Grove Swimming Baths were opened in the early 1960s and contained at the time the only international standard 25-metre swimming pool in all Ireland. However it was closed with the opening of the Grove Wellbeing Centre and the building, which stood on the corner of North Queen Street, was demolished in 2013.
Education
A number of post-primary schools are located in and around the Shore Road, including Castle High School on Fortwilliam Park, Hazelwood Comprehensive College on Whitewell Road, Newtownabbey Community High School and Belfast High School in Jordanstown. Primary schools on the Shore Road include Seaview Primary School in the Grove area, St Mary's Star of the Sea in the Greencastle area and Lowwood Primary on Sheringhurst Park off the main road in the Belfast section and in Newtownabbey Whitehouse Primary School just past the junction of the Shore Road and Doagh Road and Whiteabbey Primary School on the Old Manse Road. Loughshore Educational Resource Centre, an institute for pupils with behavioural issues who have been removed from mainstream education, is also located on the Shore Road close to the Whitewell junction.
The main Belfast campus of Ulster University is located in York Street which is the continuation of the Shore Road into the city centre. A campus of the Northern Regional College, a third-level institution, is also located on the Whiteabbey section of the Shore Road.
Transport
Public transport is now provided by the Metro arm of Translink with the Shore Road forming the second of the company's twelve corridors. Buses link Belfast City Centre to the estates of Newtownabbey such as Monkstown, Rathcoole, Carnmoney and Ballyduff.
Ulsterbus services to the areas beyond Newtownabbey also operate on the Shore Road whilst it is also served by the Yorkgate and Whiteabbey railway stations. Both stations are part of the Belfast–Larne railway line although Yorkgate is only one stop away from the main hub at Belfast Central railway station.
Previously, Belfast trams, and later Belfast trolleybuses, ran along the Shore Road, terminating at Greencastle and Fortwilliam, whilst the trains from York Street to such towns as Larne, Portrush, Ballycastle and Derry were controlled by London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
The M2 motorway runs alongside the Shore Road for much of its length. Junctions one and two of the M2 are found on the Shore Road, Junction One at Fortwilliam facing the entrance to the Mount Vernon estate and Junction Two at Greencastle.
References
Streets in Belfast
Roads in Northern Ireland |
The Nilganj River is a river in Bangladesh. It is one of the major rivers of Kalapara Upazila in Patuakhali District and flows into the Andharmanik River.
References
Rivers of Bangladesh
Rivers of Barisal Division |
Anteaeolidiella chromosoma, common name colorful aeolid, is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch. It is a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Aeolidiidae.
Distribution
This species was described from specimens collected in the intertidal zone at Deadman's Island, San Pedro, California. It has also been reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Japan.
Description
The body of Anteaeolidiella chromosoma is orange, with white spots scattered on the notum. Its rhinophores and oral tentacles are white-tipped.
References
Aeolidiidae
Gastropods described in 1905 |
Daniel Garrido Peña (born 19 January 2000) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for SD Logroñés.
Club career
Born in Logroño, La Rioja, Garrido joined Real Sociedad's youth setup in 2012, from Valvanera CD. He made his senior debut with the C-team on 25 August 2018 by starting in a 2–0 Tercera División away win against SD San Pedro, and scored his first goals on 20 October after netting a brace in a 3–3 home draw against JD Somorrostro.
Garrido was promoted to the reserves ahead of the 2019–20 season, and featured regularly as his side returned to Segunda División after 59 years in 2021. He made his professional debut on 14 August 2021, starting in a 1–0 home win over CD Leganés.
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Footballers from Logroño
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Segunda División players
Primera Federación players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Real Sociedad C footballers
Real Sociedad B footballers
SD Logroñés players |
```yaml
id: Cortex XDR device control violations
version: -1
name: Cortex XDR device control violations
description: "Queries Cortex XDR for device control violations for the specified hosts, IP address, or XDR endpoint ID. It then communicates via email with the involved users to understand the nature of the incident and if the user connected the device. \nAll the collected data will be displayed in the XDR device control incident layout.\nThis playbook can also be associated with Cortex XDR device control violation job to periodically query and investigate XDR device control violations. In this configuration, the playbook will only communicate with the involved users."
starttaskid: "0"
tasks:
"0":
id: "0"
taskid: 99d3bc4b-62a5-432d-821f-4dffa1c5b1e9
type: start
task:
id: 99d3bc4b-62a5-432d-821f-4dffa1c5b1e9
version: -1
name: ""
iscommand: false
brand: ""
description: ''
nexttasks:
'#none#':
- "10"
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 265,
"y": 50
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"1":
id: "1"
taskid: 3b9e0236-4004-482e-8c5b-5084d95a532d
type: regular
task:
id: 3b9e0236-4004-482e-8c5b-5084d95a532d
version: -1
name: Get endpoint device control violations
description: Gets a list of device control violations filtered by selected fields. You can retrieve up to 100 violations.
script: '|||xdr-get-endpoint-device-control-violations'
type: regular
iscommand: true
brand: ""
nexttasks:
'#none#':
- "2"
scriptarguments:
endpoint_ids:
complex:
root: inputs.EndpointID
hostname:
complex:
root: inputs.Hostname
ip_list:
complex:
root: inputs.IPAddress
product: {}
product_id: {}
serial: {}
timestamp_gte:
complex:
root: inputs.TimeStamp
timestamp_lte: {}
type: {}
username: {}
vendor: {}
vendor_id: {}
violation_id_list: {}
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 50,
"y": 370
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"2":
id: "2"
taskid: 5201332f-5be8-49ca-8a34-ba282ec5ff82
type: condition
task:
id: 5201332f-5be8-49ca-8a34-ba282ec5ff82
version: -1
name: Were device control violations found?
type: condition
iscommand: false
brand: ""
description: ''
nexttasks:
'#default#':
- "8"
"yes":
- "9"
separatecontext: false
conditions:
- label: "yes"
condition:
- - operator: isNotEmpty
left:
value:
complex:
root: PaloAltoNetworksXDR
accessor: EndpointViolations
iscontext: true
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 50,
"y": 545
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"3":
id: "3"
taskid: a28d149b-91ca-4c81-8640-327f703edd79
type: collection
task:
id: a28d149b-91ca-4c81-8640-327f703edd79
version: -1
name: Communicate with the end-user
description: Sends an email using EWS.
type: collection
iscommand: false
brand: ""
nexttasks:
'#none#':
- "5"
scriptarguments:
additionalHeader: {}
attachCIDs: {}
attachIDs: {}
attachNames: {}
bcc: {}
body: {}
cc: {}
from: {}
htmlBody: {}
replyTo: {}
subject:
simple: Device Control Violation
templateParams: {}
to:
complex:
root: ActiveDirectory.Users
accessor: mail
transientFile: {}
transientFileCID: {}
transientFileContent: {}
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 447.5,
"y": 1265
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
message:
to:
complex:
root: Account
accessor: Email
subject:
complex:
root: inputs.MessageSubject
body:
complex:
root: inputs.MessageBody
methods:
- email
format: ""
bcc:
cc:
timings:
retriescount: 2
retriesinterval: 360
completeafterreplies: 1
form:
questions:
- id: "0"
label: ""
labelarg:
simple: 'Did you connect the '
required: true
gridcolumns: []
defaultrows: []
type: singleSelect
options: []
optionsarg:
- simple: "Yes"
- simple: "No"
fieldassociated: ""
placeholder: ""
tooltip: ""
readonly: false
- id: "1"
label: ""
labelarg:
simple: Please add any additional information that can assist the investigation
required: false
gridcolumns: []
defaultrows: []
type: shortText
options: []
optionsarg: []
fieldassociated: ""
placeholder: ""
tooltip: ""
readonly: false
title: Device Control Violation
description: Did you perform the external device connection?
sender: Your SOC team
expired: false
totalanswers: 0
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"4":
id: "4"
taskid: 256b3ed5-14c2-4e5f-8ae2-bc937b86b8ce
type: regular
task:
id: 256b3ed5-14c2-4e5f-8ae2-bc937b86b8ce
version: -1
name: Get user email address
description: Retrieves detailed information about a user account. The user can be specified by name, email address, or as an Active Directory Distinguished Name (DN). If no filter is specified, all users are returned.
script: '|||ad-get-user'
type: regular
iscommand: true
brand: ""
nexttasks:
'#none#':
- "12"
scriptarguments:
attributes: {}
custom-field-data: {}
custom-field-type: {}
dn: {}
email: {}
limit: {}
name: {}
user-account-control-out: {}
username:
complex:
root: PaloAltoNetworksXDR.EndpointViolations
accessor: username
transformers:
- operator: uniq
- operator: Cut
args:
delimiter:
value:
simple: \
fields:
value:
simple: "0"
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 447.5,
"y": 890
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"5":
id: "5"
taskid: 935f3d5b-a6b6-452a-81ca-0a3c31495999
type: condition
task:
id: 935f3d5b-a6b6-452a-81ca-0a3c31495999
version: -1
name: Did the involved user connect the device?
type: condition
iscommand: false
brand: ""
description: ''
nexttasks:
'#default#':
- "8"
"yes":
- "6"
separatecontext: false
conditions:
- label: "yes"
condition:
- - operator: isEqualString
left:
value:
complex:
root: Device Control Violation.Answers
accessor: "0"
iscontext: true
right:
value:
simple: "Yes"
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 447.5,
"y": 1430
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"6":
id: "6"
taskid: 2a3eb3b4-ac48-4526-8b8d-dcde62ec67d2
type: regular
task:
id: 2a3eb3b4-ac48-4526-8b8d-dcde62ec67d2
version: -1
name: Check if the device is approved for use
type: regular
iscommand: false
brand: ""
description: ''
nexttasks:
'#none#':
- "8"
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 700,
"y": 1600
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"8":
id: "8"
taskid: 1a96d761-18b5-456a-8f26-b282377c131c
type: title
task:
id: 1a96d761-18b5-456a-8f26-b282377c131c
version: -1
name: Done
type: title
iscommand: false
brand: ""
description: ''
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 50,
"y": 1770
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"9":
id: "9"
taskid: 199041f9-c401-46e9-81f6-268a5b132768
type: regular
task:
id: 199041f9-c401-46e9-81f6-268a5b132768
version: -1
name: Set device control grid
description: Creates a grid table from items or key-value pairs.
scriptName: SetGridField
type: regular
iscommand: false
brand: ""
nexttasks:
'#none#':
- "4"
scriptarguments:
columns:
simple: Hostname,Username,IP,XDR endpoint ID,Violation type,Date,Product,Vendor
context_path:
simple: PaloAltoNetworksXDR.EndpointViolations
grid_id:
simple: xdrdevicecontrolviolations
keys:
simple: hostname,username,ip,endpoint_id,type,date,product,vendor
overwrite: {}
sort_by: {}
unpack_nested_elements: {}
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 447.5,
"y": 720
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"10":
id: "10"
taskid: e12bce4a-c80e-4907-8767-86102a491bd8
type: condition
task:
id: e12bce4a-c80e-4907-8767-86102a491bd8
version: -1
name: Were current violations found?
type: condition
iscommand: false
brand: ""
description: ''
nexttasks:
'#default#':
- "1"
"yes":
- "11"
separatecontext: false
conditions:
- label: "yes"
condition:
- - operator: isNotEmpty
left:
value:
complex:
root: incident
accessor: xdrdevicecontrolviolations
iscontext: true
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 265,
"y": 195
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
"11":
id: "11"
taskid: 637b111d-8ab6-4f2b-8498-26e01b330c6b
type: regular
task:
id: 637b111d-8ab6-4f2b-8498-26e01b330c6b
version: -1
name: Set Violations fields
description: Set a value in context under the key you entered.
scriptName: Set
type: regular
iscommand: false
brand: ""
nexttasks:
'#none#':
- "9"
scriptarguments:
append:
simple: "true"
key:
simple: PaloAltoNetworksXDR.EndpointViolations
stringify: {}
value:
complex:
root: incident
accessor: xdrdevicecontrolviolations
separatecontext: false
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 447.5,
"y": 370
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
isoversize: false
isautoswitchedtoquietmode: false
"12":
id: "12"
taskid: 1a497783-b55d-4aec-8764-2722b3d3216d
type: condition
task:
id: 1a497783-b55d-4aec-8764-2722b3d3216d
version: -1
name: Is the user's email retrieved?
type: condition
iscommand: false
brand: ""
description: ""
nexttasks:
'#default#':
- "8"
"yes":
- "3"
separatecontext: false
conditions:
- label: "yes"
condition:
- - operator: isExists
left:
value:
complex:
root: Account
accessor: Email
iscontext: true
continueonerrortype: ""
view: |-
{
"position": {
"x": 447.5,
"y": 1060
}
}
note: false
timertriggers: []
ignoreworker: false
skipunavailable: false
quietmode: 0
isoversize: false
isautoswitchedtoquietmode: false
view: |-
{
"linkLabelsPosition": {
"10_11_yes": 0.47,
"2_8_#default#": 0.1,
"5_6_yes": 0.57,
"5_8_#default#": 0.22
},
"paper": {
"dimensions": {
"height": 1785,
"width": 1030,
"x": 50,
"y": 50
}
}
}
inputs:
- key: TimeStamp
value: {}
required: false
description: |-
Timestamp in relative date format for query device control events
from Cortex XDR.
For example "1 day", "3 weeks".
playbookInputQuery:
- key: EndpointID
value: {}
required: false
description: Comma-separated list of endpoint IDs to filter results for.
playbookInputQuery:
- key: Hostname
value: {}
required: false
description: Comma-separated list of hostnames to filter results for.
playbookInputQuery:
- key: IPAddress
value: {}
required: false
description: Comma-separated list of endpoints IP Addresses to filter results for.
playbookInputQuery:
- key: MessageSubject
value:
simple: Device control violation
required: false
description: The subject of the message for communication with the involved users.
playbookInputQuery:
- key: MessageBody
value:
simple: |-
Hello,
Your user was involved with a device control violation. Please open the following link to fill in the needed information to understand the incident further.
required: false
description: A body of the message for communication with the involved users.
playbookInputQuery:
outputs: []
tests:
- No tests (auto formatted)
fromversion: 5.5.0
marketplaces:
- xsoar
``` |
Petróleos del Norte S.A. (Petronor) is a Spanish oil and gas company based in Muskiz, Basque Country. The company was established on 30 November 1968. From 1976 to 1981 its executive manager was Nemesio Fernández-Cuesta.
It is owned by Repsol (85.98%) and Kutxabank (14.02%).
References
External links
Oil companies of Spain
Oil pipeline companies
Automotive fuel retailers
Chemical companies of Spain
Basque companies
Energy companies established in 1968
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1968
Economy of the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Spanish brands
Spanish companies established in 1968
Biscay |
The remains of the old castle of Kingencleugh or Kingenclough lies close to east of the town of Mauchline, East Ayrshire, in the old Barony of Mauchline off the A76. The castle is Category B listed.
The history of Kingencleugh Castle
From the remains, this appears to have been built as a dwelling with defence as a secondary consideration. John Knox is said to have visited it in 1556. Kingencleugh was built as one of several castles built as border markers for the Campbell feus in the area. Kingencleugh latterly became part of the Ballochmyle estate. The present castle was built around 1620 to replace the older fortification that Knox would have known. The castle was abandoned once the new house was built. The Campbells held the property until the end of the 18th century.
Kingencleugh was the residence successively of Hugh and Robert Campbell, both ardent reformers. George Wishart and John Knox were entertained here and Knox also preached at this castle when he visited Mauchline in 1556. On his death bed it was to Robert Campbell that Knox said: "I rely on you becoming to them (his wife and children) as a husband and a father in my room."
Dobie records that John Knox was conducted by Lochhart of Bar and Campbell of Kineancleugh to Kyle, the ancient receptacle of the Scottish Lollards, where there were a number of adherents to the reformed doctrine. He preached in the houses of Bar, Kineancleugh, Carnell, Ochiltree, and Gadgirth, and in the town of Ayr. In several of these places he also dispensed the Sacrament of Our Lord's Supper.
The castle ruins
The remains lie above the Kingen Cleugh Glen and burn and are those of a four-storey L-shaped residence of ashlar-ended rubble masonry. The remaining walls are 0.8m thick; the two lower floors have slit windows only. The north-west wall, forming the end of the western arm of the 'L', stands to its full height of around 7.0 m, and is surmounted by a crow-stepped gable. The lower part of a corbelled turret remains in the re-entrant angle, in the western arm of which is the entrance. The main ground-floor apartment appears to have been barrel-vaulted. The house is in a fairly defensible situation, overlooking ground sloping to the south. A 'Cleugh' is a narrow gorge or chasm with high rocky sides in Scots. Jerviston House is of a very similar design.
Kingencleugh overlooks the Lily or Kingen Cleugh Glen and the burn that runs into the nearby River Ayr. Local tradition states that a subterranean passage or ley tunnel runs between Mauchline Castle and Kingencleugh.
The Lily Glen and Robert Burns
The Lily Glen or Kingen Cleugh Glen contains a small rivulet that runs down to the River Ayr. The lilies usually refer to daffodils in Scots, however lily can also be a general term for wild garlic or bluebells. The glen is rich in old woodland indicator plants such as woodruff, wood sorrel, bluebell, woodrush, cow wheat, enchanter's nightshade, creeping jenny, wood millet, dog's mercury, etc.
Local tradition maintains that Robert Burns used to visit the glen to enjoy a dip in the Kingencleugh Burn when he lived at Mossgiel Farm near Mauchline. An old stone bath or cistern still exists with moss covered steps running down to it. Locals would point out this site as being his bathing place and a vague memory of a Lady Sophia is also associated with this site. Burns is known to have frequented the area and he praised these 'Braes of Ballochmyle' in his poem to The Lass of Ballochmyle who he observed in the half-twilight near the site of the old 'Fog House.'
The OS maps show a stone bath or cistern at the bottom of the Kingen Cleugh Glen where all the burn waters were diverted into it, leaving via a tunnel cut through the rock and then running down the Haugh hamlet, situated about two and a half miles downstream from Catrine, on the north bank of the River Ayr. In 1837 there was a woollen mill, and a corn and saw mill, drawing water from the aforementioned cistern, about a quarter of a mile upstream. The lade was tunnelled through the soft red sandstone of the river gorge, and the tunnel mouths can both be seen, as can two stone arched footbridges over the lade, and an overflow sluice. No trace traces of the woollen mill, which in 1837 employed thirty persons Spinning yarn for a Kilmarnock carpet factory, have survived.
Kingencleugh House
The present day manor house was erected around 1765 and later rebuilt to plans by Mervyn Noad as a dower house to Ballochmyle in 1957. An elephant was the family crest and this appears over the door.
Cartographic evidence
Robert Gordon's map of 1636–52 shows Kinzancleuch (sic). Kinzankcleug is recorded on the Timothy Pont map of circa 1602. Moll records a Monfod. Roy's map of 1747 shows the castle as 'Kings Cleugh'. Armstrong's map of 1775 shows the old castle ruins as 'Kingincleugh' with the house nearby. Thomson's map of 1832 shows 'Kingscleugh'.
Associated families
The Campbells
The Campbells, cadets of the Campbells of Cessnock and Loudoun, are the first recorded lairds in the fifteenth century. Hugh Campbell may have been the son of Sir George Campbell of Loudoun and his mentioned by John Knox in connection with George Wishart being refused entry to preach in the kirk of Mauchline by those opposing reform. Robert Campbell of Kingencleugh (d. 1574) stood surety for a friend who was implicated in the plot that led to the murder of David Rizzio and was a good friend of John Knox as previously stated, and attended him during his final illness. He had a daughter, Elizabeth, and married Elizabeth Campbell. This daughter inherited the lands and castle in 1586 and had a son, John, however the name of her husband is not recorded.
The "Memorial" to the couple by John Davidson reads :
John Campbell of Kingencleugh became heir to his mother in 1627 and to his grandfather in 1636; he may have had a brother in joint possession as a Charles Campbell of Kingencleugh is recorded in 1625. John Craufurd of Craufurdland's daughter Agnes married John Campbell of Kingencleugh, son of the previous John, and the couple had two sons, Hugh and George, and a daughter. Hugh inherited and married Elizabeith, the daughter of Sir Hugh Campbell of Cessnock. His son John inherited and married Elizabeth Adair, daughter of the minister of Ayr. His heir was another John, a zealous elder of the kirk, who married Anna Kennedy of Daljarroch. He died circa 1752 and their daughter married a Mr. McGill; the couple had no offspring.
In 1781 John Howie of Lochgoin records, as stated, that Hugh Campbell of Kinzeancleuch, younger son of Sir George Campbell of Loudoun, was a strong supporter of the Reformation and entertained fellow adherents at his residence. Circa 1539 the Sheriff of Ayr sent troops to Mauchline church so as to prevent the reformist George Wishart from preaching and Hugh Campbell and others had intended to force entry however Wishart declined the offer and preached instead on Mauchline Muir close to the old loch.
The Campbells of Kingancleuch (sic) are frequently mention in the records occur until the late 18th century.
The Alexanders
On the death of the last Campbell of Kingencleugh, Mrs McGill, Mr. Alexander of Ballochmyle purchased the property. Alexander, later Hagart-Alexander Baronetcy, of Ballochmyle is a title created in 1886 for Major-General Claud Alexander, who served in the Crimean War. Sir Claud Hagart-Alexander, 4th Baronet (b. 1963), now lives at Kingencleugh House, the family having long left Ballochmyle House which they had acquired in 1785.
A Legend of Kingcleugh Castle
In 1253 Sir Percy Seton fell in love with Mona, the daughter of the 'rude and almost savage' Cormac of the Cleugh, Laird of Kingcleugh, known as 'King of the Cleugh' or the 'Hunter King'. Cormac refused to allow Sir Percy to marry his daughter. Cormac was obsessed with the sport of hunting wild boar in the woods to the west of Kingcleugh. The skins and heads of his many kills over the years were kept at trophies within one the vaults in the castle. One day, whilst hunting boar in the forest of Kolium, some miles to the west of his castle, near the River Ayr, he chanced upon the deep and secluded lair of an exceptional boar.
This ferocious creature however killed all his boar-hounds. The laird attempted to force his head huntsman to enter the animal's den and upon refusal he hit him with his boar-spear, knocking him off balance, resulting in the retainers terrible death at the 'tusks' of the creature after falling into the boars lair. The laird was superstitious and believed that the dead man's spirit and the ghost of the boar haunted the vault of his castle. Sir Percy hit upon the plan of using the ley tunnel that ran between the castle of Mauchline and that of Kingcleugh to enter the vault, and Mona, having been informed of the plot, ensured that her forced wedding to a man chosen by her father, was close to the vault. At the critical point in the ceremony the bloodied ghost of the dead huntsman appeared to burst forth from the sealed vault. The apparition seized the bride and then secretly carried her away to Mauchline Castle, via the tunnel, in the arms of her beloved.
Micro-history
Lady Cecilia Brabazon, aunt of Mr Alexander of Ballochmyle, lived for many years in a cottage (Kingencleugh House?) near the old castle tower of Kingencleugh.
Miss Wilhelmina Alexander of Ballochmyle is Robert Burns' Bonnie Lass of Ballochmyle who he observed in the half-twilight near Ballochmyle House in the Braes of Ballochmyle. The old 'Fog House' was said to mark the site of his sighting of her. Wilhelmina never married and kept the poet's letter and manuscript all of her life.
The lands of Over and Nether Haugh became known as Kinzeancleuche or Kingencleugh.
A prisoner of war camp was located at Kingencleugh.
Robert Burns' father in law is said to have been involved in the building of the old 1750 Howford Bridge that lies below the site of Catrine House.
The famous Ballochmyle cup and ring marks are located on the estate.
See also
List of castles in East Ayrshire
List of listed buildings in Mauchline, East Ayrshire
References
Notes
Sources
Bonar, Rev Andrew A. (1879). The Scots Worthies according to Howie's Second Edition, 1781. Glasgow : McGready, Thomson & Dunedin.
Campbell, Thorbjørn (2003). Ayrshire. A Historical Guide. Edinburgh : Birlinn. .
Coventry, Martin (2010). Castles of the Clans. Musselburgh : Goblinshead. .
Cuthbertson, D. C. Autumn in Kyle and the Charm of Cunninghame. London : Herbert Jenkins.
Dobie, James D. (ed Dobie, J.S.) (1876). Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont 1604–1608, with continuations and illustrative notices. Glasgow: John Tweed.
Ingram, John (1844). The Spectre Huntsman. The Ayrshire Wreath MDCCCXLIV.
Love, Dane (2003). Ayrshire : Discovering a County. Ayr : Fort Publishing. .
Love, Dane (2010). The River Ayr Way. Auchinleck : Carn. .
Paterson, James (1866). History of the Counties of Ayrs and Wigton. Vol. IV. Cuninghame. Parts 1 & 2. Edinburgh : James Stillie.
Robertson, George (1823). A Genealogical Account of the Principal Families in Ayrshire, more particularly in Cunninghame. Irvine.
Salter, Mike (2006). The Castles of South-West Scotland. Malvern : Folly. .
External links
Kingencleugh Glen & castle
Castles in East Ayrshire
Archaeological sites in East Ayrshire
Demolished buildings and structures in Scotland
1620s establishments in Scotland
Mauchline
Category B listed buildings in East Ayrshire |
Ermengol, Count of Urgell may refer to:
Ermengol I, Count of Urgell
Ermengol II, Count of Urgell
Ermengol III, Count of Urgell
Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell
Ermengol V, Count of Urgell
Ermengol VI, Count of Urgell
Ermengol VII, Count of Urgell
Ermengol VIII, Count of Urgell
Ermengol IX, Count of Urgell
Ermengol X, Count of Urgell |
LPM Pallavolo Mondovì is an Italian women's volleyball club based in Mondovì and currently playing in the Serie A2.
Previous names
Due to sponsorship, the club have competed under the following names:
Pallavolo Mondovì (....–2004)
LPM Pallavolo Mondovì (2004–2016)
LPM Bam Mondovì (2016–present)
History
was established in the 1980s when it acquired the rights of A.S. Piazza and took over the women's volleyball department of Acli Unione Sportiva Altipiano. It started competing in regional competitions before playing the Serie D and Serie C. In 2004, it was renamed and started a restructure process. Promotion to Serie B2 was achieved in 2008 with the club winning the title (and promotion to Serie B1) in the 2013–14 season. The club was promoted to Serie A2 in 2016. Despite being relegated to Serie B1 after finishing 13th in the 2016–17 Serie A2, the club requested to be on a waiting list for the Serie A2 in the following season. On 31 July 2017, the club was confirmed as a participant of the Serie A2 for the 2017–18 season.
Team
Season 2017–2018, as of September 2017.
References
External links
Official website
Italian women's volleyball clubs
Sport in Piedmont |
St. Catharine College was a small Roman Catholic liberal arts college near Springfield, Kentucky. The college was accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and had a peak enrollment of 750 students.
The college closed operations at the end of July 2016 due to a significant budget shortfall and a continuing lawsuit against the federal government. The campus remained vacant until it was acquired by Addiction Recovery Care, a network of residential addiction treatment centers, which established the Crown Recovery Center in November 2020.
History
St. Catharine College traced its roots to classes held in a "still house" in the early 1800s. In 1839, the Kentucky Sisters of St. Dominic obtained a charter to grant educational degrees and a campus was built along Bardstown Road, today's U.S. Route 150.
After a fire in 1904 destroyed the school's main building, the decision was made to rebuild. A statue and plaque were installed to mark the location of the original building.
In 1920, the state amended the school's charter to give it the authority to found colleges and grant collegiate degrees. In 1931, the school was re-dedicated as St. Catharine College, a women's academy and junior college.
The school became co-educational in 1951 and received accreditation through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 1958.
In late 2003, St. Catharine Junior College received approval from the United States Department of Education to begin offering four-year programs. The Richard S. Hamilton Health and Sciences Building, containing classrooms and laboratories, was completed in 2006. Aquinas Hall, an apartment-style upperclassmen residence hall, was opened in 2011. The Emily W. Hundley Library was added in 2013.
Presidents
The college was originally governed by the Officers of the Congregation of Dominican Sisters, with the Mother Mary Louis Logsdon, O.P. serving as the college president from 1931 to 1941. In 1957, Sister Jean Marie Calahan, O.P., who was not an officer of the congregation, became the next college president. Martha Layne Collins, who had been the first woman to serve as Governor of Kentucky, was the college's sixth president.
President William D. Huston was the first male to serve as president of the college. He was followed by President Cindy Gnadinger who began serving as the college president in July 2015.
Financial problems and closure
The school was investigated by the federal government between 2011 and 2014 after it offered financial aid to students in its new four-year class offerings without receiving federal approval. Officials at the college claimed it was not required because the programs had not substantially changed the school's educational composition. The federal government agreed to reimburse some funding for the year 2014 but did not immediately make a decision about the prior three years.
In 2015, the Department of Education placed the college on heightened cash monitoring, requiring the school to distribute financial aid to students and then apply for reimbursement. An audit uncovered "severe" findings. As a result, the Board of Trustees replaced William D. Huston, who had served 18 years as the college's president, hired a compliance director, and replaced its senior leadership team and 90% of the staff in the business and financial aid offices. In February 2016, the college sued the federal government, seeking $645,000 in reimbursement and other financial compensation.
On June 1, 2016, St. Catharine announced that it would close at the end of July due to a $5 million deficit brought on by the construction of new residence halls, the health sciences building, and the new library. The college's dispute with the government over withheld student aid had resulted in enrollment declining from 600 students to 475 for the fall semester.
At the time of its closing, the college offered 17 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees, one Master of Arts degree, and five Associate degree programs, along with one certificate program. It also featured the Berry Farming Program, based on the work of activist, farmer, and writer Wendell Berry. In the fall of 2018, that program was taken on by Sterling College in Vermont.
Athletics
The St. Catharine's athletic teams were called the Patriots. The college was a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Mid-South Conference (MSC) from 2008–09 to 2015–16. The Patriots previously competed as an NAIA Independent during the 2007–08 school year (when the school joined the NAIA).
St. Catharine competed in 21 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports included baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming, tennis, track & field and wrestling; while women's sports included basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, fast-pitch softball, swimming, tennis, track & field and volleyball; and co-ed sports cheerleading.
Gallery
References
External links
Official athletics website
Universities and colleges established in 1931
Liberal arts colleges in Kentucky
Dominican universities and colleges in the United States
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Buildings and structures in Washington County, Kentucky
Education in Washington County, Kentucky
History of women in Kentucky
Catholic universities and colleges in Kentucky
Educational institutions disestablished in 2016
1931 establishments in Kentucky
2016 disestablishments in Kentucky |
Memecylon elegantulum is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
References
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
elegantulum
Critically endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
```c
/*
===========================================================================
This file is part of Quake III Arena source code.
Quake III Arena source code is free software; you can redistribute it
or (at your option) any later version.
Quake III Arena source code is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with Quake III Arena source code; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
===========================================================================
*/
#include "../client/snd_local.h"
#include "win_local.h"
extern cvar_t *s_khz;
static qboolean dsound_init;
static qboolean SNDDMA_InitDS( void );
// Visual Studio 2012+ or MINGW
#if ( _MSC_VER >= 1700 ) || defined(MINGW)
#ifndef USE_WASAPI
#define USE_WASAPI 1
#endif
#endif
#if USE_WASAPI
static qboolean wasapi_init;
#include <mmreg.h>
#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
#include <audioclient.h>
// Ugly hack to detect Win10 without manifest
// path_to_url#xx5080848xx
typedef LONG( WINAPI *RtlGetVersionPtr )( RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEXW* );
static qboolean IsWindows7OrGreater( void ) {
RtlGetVersionPtr rtl_get_version_f = NULL;
HMODULE ntdll = GetModuleHandle( T( "ntdll" ) );
RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEXW osver;
if ( !ntdll )
return qfalse; // will never happen
rtl_get_version_f = (RtlGetVersionPtr)GetProcAddress( ntdll, "RtlGetVersion" );
if ( !rtl_get_version_f )
return qfalse; // will never happen
osver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof( RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEXW );
if ( rtl_get_version_f( &osver ) == 0 ) {
if ( osver.dwMajorVersion >= 7 )
return qtrue;
}
return qfalse;
}
UINT32 bufferFrameCount;
UINT32 bufferPosition; // in fullsamples
UINT32 bufferSampleSize;
static int inPlay;
static HANDLE hEvent;
static HANDLE hThread;
static CRITICAL_SECTION cs; // to lock mixer thread during buffer painting
#ifndef AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_RATEADJUST
#define AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_RATEADJUST 0x00100000
#endif
const GUID IID_IUnknown = { 0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, { 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46 } };
const GUID IID_IAudioClient = { 0x1CB9AD4C, 0xDBFA, 0x4c32, { 0xB1, 0x78, 0xC2, 0xF5, 0x68, 0xA7, 0x03, 0xB2 } };
const GUID IID_IAudioRenderClient = { 0xF294ACFC, 0x3146, 0x4483, { 0xA7, 0xBF, 0xAD, 0xDC, 0xA7, 0xC2, 0x60, 0xE2 } };
const GUID CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator = { 0xBCDE0395, 0xE52F, 0x467C, { 0x8E, 0x3D, 0xC4, 0x57, 0x92, 0x91, 0x69, 0x2E } };
const GUID IID_IMMNotificationClient = { 0x7991EEC9, 0x7E89, 0x4D85, { 0x83, 0x90, 0x6C, 0x70, 0x3C, 0xEC, 0x60, 0xC0 } };
const GUID IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator = { 0xA95664D2, 0x9614, 0x4F35, { 0xA7, 0x46, 0xDE, 0x8D, 0xB6, 0x36, 0x17, 0xE6 } };
const GUID PcmSubformatGuid = { 0x00000001, 0x0000, 0x0010, { 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xAA, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9B, 0x71 } };
const GUID FloatSubformatGuid = { 0x00000003, 0x0000, 0x0010, { 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xAA, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9B, 0x71 } };
static LPWSTR DeviceID = NULL;
static qboolean doSndRestart = qfalse;
static IAudioRenderClient *iAudioRenderClient = NULL;
static IAudioClient *iAudioClient = NULL;
static IMMDeviceEnumerator *pEnumerator = NULL;
static IMMDevice *iMMDevice = NULL;
static void initFormat( WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *wave, int nChannels, int nSamples, int nBits )
{
Com_Memset( wave, 0, sizeof( *wave ) );
// wave->Format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE;
wave->Format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
wave->Format.nChannels = nChannels;
wave->Format.nSamplesPerSec = nSamples;
wave->Format.nBlockAlign = (nChannels * nBits) / 8;
wave->Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = nSamples * ( nChannels * nBits ) / 8;
wave->Format.wBitsPerSample = nBits;
if ( wave->Format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE )
{
wave->Format.cbSize = sizeof( WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE ) - sizeof( WAVEFORMATEX );
wave->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = nBits;
if ( nBits == 32 )
memcpy( &wave->SubFormat, &FloatSubformatGuid, sizeof( GUID ) );
else
memcpy( &wave->SubFormat, &PcmSubformatGuid, sizeof( GUID ) );
}
}
// Sound mixer thread
static DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc( HANDLE hInited )
{
HANDLE( WINAPI *pAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW )( _In_ LPCWSTR TaskName, _Inout_ LPDWORD TaskIndex );
BOOL( WINAPI *pAvRevertMmThreadCharacteristics )( _In_ HANDLE AvrtHandle );
BYTE *pData;
DWORD taskIndex;
HANDLE th;
DWORD dwOffset;
DWORD dwRes;
UINT32 samples, n;
HRESULT hr;
UINT32 numFramesAvailable;
HMODULE hAVRT;
// execution starts in main thread context
// Ask MMCSS to temporarily boost our thread priority to reduce glitches while the low-latency stream plays
th = NULL;
taskIndex = 0;
pAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW = NULL;
pAvRevertMmThreadCharacteristics = NULL;
hAVRT = LoadLibraryW( L"avrt" );
if ( hAVRT )
{
pAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW = (void*)GetProcAddress( hAVRT, "AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW" );
pAvRevertMmThreadCharacteristics = (void*)GetProcAddress( hAVRT, "AvRevertMmThreadCharacteristics" );
if ( pAvRevertMmThreadCharacteristics && pAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW )
{
th = pAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW( L"Pro Audio", &taskIndex );
if ( th == NULL )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: thread priority setup failed\n" );
goto err_exit;
}
}
else
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_RED "WASAPI: failed to load avrt.dll\n" );
}
}
if ( com_developer->integer )
{
REFERENCE_TIME streamLatency;
if ( iAudioClient->lpVtbl->GetStreamLatency( iAudioClient, &streamLatency ) != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: GetStreamLatency() failed\n" );
goto err_exit;
}
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_CYAN "WASAPI stream latency: %ims\n", (int)( streamLatency / 10000 ) );
}
inPlay = 1;
bufferPosition = 0;
numFramesAvailable = bufferFrameCount;
if ( iAudioRenderClient->lpVtbl->GetBuffer( iAudioRenderClient, numFramesAvailable, &pData ) != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI GetBuffer failed\n" );
goto err_exit;
}
if ( iAudioRenderClient->lpVtbl->ReleaseBuffer( iAudioRenderClient, numFramesAvailable, AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_SILENT ) != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI ReleaseBuffer failed\n" );
goto err_exit;
}
// Start audio playback
if ( iAudioClient->lpVtbl->Start( iAudioClient ) != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI playback start failed\n" );
goto err_exit;
}
// return control to the main thread
SetEvent( hInited ); hInited = NULL;
// execution continues in async mixer thread, we can't use Com_Printf anymore
for ( ;; )
{
dwRes = WaitForSingleObject( hEvent, INFINITE );
if ( !inPlay || dwRes != WAIT_OBJECT_0 )
break;
if ( iAudioClient->lpVtbl->GetCurrentPadding( iAudioClient, &numFramesAvailable ) != S_OK )
continue;
numFramesAvailable = bufferFrameCount - numFramesAvailable;
if ( numFramesAvailable == 0 )
continue;
hr = iAudioRenderClient->lpVtbl->GetBuffer( iAudioRenderClient, numFramesAvailable, &pData );
if ( hr == S_OK )
{
dwOffset = 0;
samples = numFramesAvailable;
EnterCriticalSection( &cs );
// fill pData with numFramesAvailable
do
{
if ( bufferPosition + samples > dma.fullsamples )
n = dma.fullsamples - bufferPosition;
else
n = samples;
Com_Memcpy( pData + dwOffset, dma.buffer + bufferPosition * bufferSampleSize, n * bufferSampleSize );
dwOffset += n * bufferSampleSize;
bufferPosition = ( bufferPosition + n ) & ( dma.fullsamples - 1 );
samples -= n;
}
while ( samples );
LeaveCriticalSection( &cs );
iAudioRenderClient->lpVtbl->ReleaseBuffer( iAudioRenderClient, numFramesAvailable, 0 );
}
}
iAudioClient->lpVtbl->Stop( iAudioClient );
err_exit:
if ( hAVRT )
{
if ( pAvRevertMmThreadCharacteristics && th != NULL )
pAvRevertMmThreadCharacteristics( th );
FreeLibrary( hAVRT );
}
inPlay = 0;
bufferPosition = 0;
if ( hInited )
SetEvent( hInited );
return 0;
}
static BOOL ValidFormat( const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *format, const WORD wFormatTag, const GUID *SubFormat ) {
if ( format->Format.wFormatTag == wFormatTag )
{
return TRUE;
}
if ( format->Format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE )
{
if ( memcmp( &format->SubFormat, SubFormat, sizeof( GUID ) ) == 0 )
{
return TRUE;
}
}
return FALSE;
}
typedef struct NotificationClient_s
{
const IMMNotificationClientVtbl *lpVtbl;
LONG refcount;
}
NotificationClient_t;
static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface( IMMNotificationClient *this, REFIID riid, VOID **ppvInterface )
{
if ( !memcmp( riid, &IID_IUnknown, sizeof( GUID ) ) || !memcmp( riid, &IID_IMMNotificationClient, sizeof( GUID ) ) )
{
*ppvInterface = (void**)this;
this->lpVtbl->AddRef( this );
return S_OK;
}
else
{
*ppvInterface = NULL;
return E_NOINTERFACE;
}
}
static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef( IMMNotificationClient *this )
{
NotificationClient_t *cl = (NotificationClient_t *) this;
return InterlockedIncrement( &cl->refcount );
}
static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release( IMMNotificationClient *this )
{
NotificationClient_t *cl = (NotificationClient_t *) this;
return InterlockedDecrement( &cl->refcount );
}
static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE OnDefaultDeviceChanged( IMMNotificationClient *this, EDataFlow flow, ERole role, LPCWSTR pwstrDeviceId )
{
if ( flow == eRender && role == eMultimedia )
{
doSndRestart = qtrue;
}
return S_OK;
}
static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE OnDeviceAdded( IMMNotificationClient *this, LPCWSTR pwstrDeviceId )
{
return S_OK;
}
static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE OnDeviceRemoved( IMMNotificationClient *this, LPCWSTR pwstrDeviceId )
{
return S_OK;
}
static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE OnDeviceStateChanged( IMMNotificationClient *this, LPCWSTR pwstrDeviceId, DWORD dwNewState )
{
if ( DeviceID && wcscmp( DeviceID, pwstrDeviceId ) == 0 )
{
if ( dwNewState == DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE )
{
doSndRestart = qtrue;
}
else // DEVICE_STATE_DISABLED, DEVICE_STATE_NOTPRESENT, DEVICE_STATE_UNPLUGGED
{
inPlay = 0; // do not waste CPU cycles, terminate mixer thread
}
}
return S_OK;
}
static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE OnPropertyValueChanged( IMMNotificationClient *this, LPCWSTR pwstrDeviceId, const PROPERTYKEY key )
{
//MessageBox( 0, "PropertyValueChanged", "", MB_ICONWARNING );
return S_OK;
}
static const IMMNotificationClientVtbl notification_client_vtbl = {
QueryInterface,
AddRef,
Release,
OnDeviceStateChanged,
OnDeviceAdded,
OnDeviceRemoved,
OnDefaultDeviceChanged,
OnPropertyValueChanged
};
static NotificationClient_t notification_client = { ¬ification_client_vtbl, 1 };
static qboolean SNDDMA_InitWASAPI( void )
{
static byte buffer[ 64 * 1024 ];
DWORD dwStreamFlags = AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK;
WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE desiredFormat;
WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *closest = NULL;
DWORD dwThreadID;
HANDLE hInited;
qboolean isfloat;
HRESULT hr;
InitializeCriticalSection( &cs );
hr = CoCreateInstance( &CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator, 0, CLSCTX_ALL, &IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator, (void **) &pEnumerator );
if ( hr != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: CoCreateInstance() failed\n" );
goto error1;
}
hr = pEnumerator->lpVtbl->RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback( pEnumerator, (IMMNotificationClient*) ¬ification_client );
if ( hr != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback() failed\n" );
goto error2;
}
hr = pEnumerator->lpVtbl->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint( pEnumerator, eRender, eMultimedia, &iMMDevice );
if ( hr != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: GetDefaultAudioEndpoint() failed\n" );
goto error2;
}
if ( DeviceID ) // release old device id if exists
{
CoTaskMemFree( DeviceID );
DeviceID = NULL;
}
iMMDevice->lpVtbl->GetId( iMMDevice, &DeviceID );
hr = iMMDevice->lpVtbl->Activate( iMMDevice, &IID_IAudioClient, CLSCTX_ALL, 0, (void **)&iAudioClient );
if ( hr != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: audio client activation failed\n" );
goto error3;
}
dma.channels = 2;
dma.samplebits = 16;
switch ( s_khz->integer ) {
case 48: dma.speed = 48000; break;
case 44: dma.speed = 44100; break;
case 11: dma.speed = 11025; break;
case 8: dma.speed = 8000; break;
case 22:
default: dma.speed = 22050; break;
};
initFormat( &desiredFormat, dma.channels, dma.speed, dma.samplebits );
#if 0
iAudioClient->lpVtbl->GetMixFormat( iAudioClient, (WAVEFORMATEX**) &mixFormat );
if ( mixFormat )
{
Com_Printf( "MIX FORMAT\n" );
Com_Printf( "subformat: %x-%x-%x-%x\n", mixFormat->SubFormat.Data1, mixFormat->SubFormat.Data2, mixFormat->SubFormat.Data3, mixFormat->SubFormat.Data4 );
Com_Printf( "channels: %i\n", mixFormat->Format.nChannels );
Com_Printf( "samples per sec: %i\n", mixFormat->Format.nSamplesPerSec );
Com_Printf( "bits per sample: %i\n", mixFormat->Format.wBitsPerSample );
}
#endif
hr = iAudioClient->lpVtbl->IsFormatSupported( iAudioClient, AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED, (const WAVEFORMATEX *) &desiredFormat, (WAVEFORMATEX **) &closest );
if ( hr != S_OK )
{
if ( closest )
{
Com_Memcpy( &desiredFormat, closest,
closest->Format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE ? sizeof( WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE ) : sizeof( WAVEFORMATEX ) );
CoTaskMemFree( closest );
}
else
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: desired format is not supported\n" );
goto error3;
}
}
// check if format is supported
if ( desiredFormat.Format.nChannels != 1 && desiredFormat.Format.nChannels != 2 )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: unsupported channel count %i\n", desiredFormat.Format.nChannels );
goto error3;
}
switch ( desiredFormat.Format.wBitsPerSample )
{
case 8:
case 16:
if ( !ValidFormat( &desiredFormat, WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, &PcmSubformatGuid ) )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: unsupported format for %i-bit samples\n", desiredFormat.Format.wBitsPerSample );
goto error3;
}
isfloat = qfalse;
break;
case 32:
if ( !ValidFormat( &desiredFormat, WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT, &FloatSubformatGuid ) )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: unsupported format for %i-bit samples\n", desiredFormat.Format.wBitsPerSample );
goto error3;
}
isfloat = qtrue;
break;
default:
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: unsupported sample count %i\n", desiredFormat.Format.wBitsPerSample );
goto error3;
}
if ( desiredFormat.Format.nSamplesPerSec != (DWORD) dma.speed )
{
if ( !IsWindows7OrGreater() )
{
// Windows7+ is required for AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_RATEADJUST
// we don't bother about Vista support and fall back to DirectSound
goto error3;
}
// use wasapi resampler
Com_DPrintf( "WASAPI resample from %iHz to %iHz\n", dma.speed, (int)desiredFormat.Format.nSamplesPerSec );
desiredFormat.Format.nSamplesPerSec = dma.speed;
desiredFormat.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = dma.speed * desiredFormat.Format.nBlockAlign;
dwStreamFlags |= AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_RATEADJUST;
}
if ( com_developer->integer )
{
// this is only for information, we will not use returned value in any way
// because we will call Initialize() with hnsBufferDuration=0 to select minimal buffer size
REFERENCE_TIME defDuration;
iAudioClient->lpVtbl->GetDevicePeriod( iAudioClient, &defDuration, NULL );
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_CYAN "WASAPI buffer duration: %i.%i millisecons\n",
(int)(defDuration / 10000), (int)(( ( defDuration + 500 ) / 1000 ) % 10) );
}
// initialize sound device with desired format in shared mode
hr = iAudioClient->lpVtbl->Initialize( iAudioClient, AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED, dwStreamFlags, 0, 0, (WAVEFORMATEX *) &desiredFormat, 0 );
if ( hr != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: Initialize() failed\n" );
goto error4;
}
hEvent = CreateEvent( NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL );
if ( hEvent == NULL )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: CreateEvent( hEvent ) failed\n" );
goto error4;
}
// get the actual size of the audio buffer
if ( iAudioClient->lpVtbl->GetBufferSize( iAudioClient, &bufferFrameCount ) != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: GetBufferSize() failed\n" );
goto error5;
}
Com_DPrintf( "WASAPI buffer frame count: %i\n", bufferFrameCount );
dma.submission_chunk = 1;
dma.buffer = buffer;
dma.isfloat = isfloat;
dma.channels = desiredFormat.Format.nChannels;
dma.speed = desiredFormat.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
dma.samplebits = desiredFormat.Format.wBitsPerSample;
dma.fullsamples = log2pad( bufferFrameCount * 8, 1 );
while ( dma.fullsamples * desiredFormat.Format.nBlockAlign > sizeof( buffer ) )
dma.fullsamples >>= 1;
if ( dma.fullsamples < bufferFrameCount )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: static sound buffer is too small\n" );
goto error5;
}
dma.samples = dma.fullsamples * dma.channels;
bufferPosition = 0; // in fullsamples
bufferSampleSize = desiredFormat.Format.nBlockAlign;
if ( iAudioClient->lpVtbl->SetEventHandle( iAudioClient, hEvent ) != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: SetEventHandle() failed\n" );
goto error5;
}
if ( iAudioClient->lpVtbl->GetService( iAudioClient, &IID_IAudioRenderClient, (void**)&iAudioRenderClient ) != S_OK )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: GetService() failed\n" );
iAudioRenderClient = NULL;
goto error5;
}
// additional event to synchronize thread creation
hInited = CreateEvent( NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL );
if ( hInited == NULL )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: CreateEvent( hInited ) failed\n" );
goto error6;
}
hThread = CreateThread( NULL, 4096, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadProc, hInited, 0, &dwThreadID );
if ( hThread == NULL )
{
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: CreateThread( hThread ) failed\n" );
goto error7;
}
WaitForSingleObject( hInited, INFINITE );
CloseHandle( hInited ); hInited = NULL;
if ( inPlay )
return qtrue;
Com_Printf( S_COLOR_YELLOW "WASAPI: mixer thread startup failed\n" );
error7:
if ( hInited )
CloseHandle( hInited );
hInited = NULL;
error6:
iAudioRenderClient->lpVtbl->Release( iAudioRenderClient ); iAudioRenderClient = NULL;
error5:
CloseHandle( hEvent ); hEvent = NULL;
error4:
iAudioClient->lpVtbl->Release( iAudioClient ); iAudioClient = NULL;
error3:
iMMDevice->lpVtbl->Release( iMMDevice ); iMMDevice = NULL;
error2:
if ( DeviceID )
CoTaskMemFree( DeviceID );
DeviceID = NULL;
if ( notification_client.lpVtbl->QueryInterface ) {
pEnumerator->lpVtbl->UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback( pEnumerator, (IMMNotificationClient *)¬ification_client );
}
pEnumerator->lpVtbl->Release( pEnumerator ); pEnumerator = NULL;
error1:
DeleteCriticalSection( &cs );
Com_Memset( &dma, 0, sizeof( dma ) );
dma.channels = 1; // to avoid division-by-zero in S_GetSoundtime()
return qfalse;
}
static void Done_WASAPI( void )
{
inPlay = 0; // break mixer loop
if ( hEvent )
SetEvent( hEvent );
if ( hThread )
{
WaitForSingleObject( hThread, INFINITE ); CloseHandle( hThread ); hThread = NULL;
}
//error6:
iAudioRenderClient->lpVtbl->Release( iAudioRenderClient ); iAudioRenderClient = NULL;
//error5:
if ( hEvent )
CloseHandle( hEvent );
hEvent = NULL;
//error4:
iAudioClient->lpVtbl->Release( iAudioClient ); iAudioClient = NULL;
//error3:
iMMDevice->lpVtbl->Release( iMMDevice ); iMMDevice = NULL;
//error2:
if ( DeviceID )
CoTaskMemFree( DeviceID );
DeviceID = NULL;
pEnumerator->lpVtbl->UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback( pEnumerator, (IMMNotificationClient *) ¬ification_client );
pEnumerator->lpVtbl->Release( pEnumerator ); pEnumerator = NULL;
// error1:
DeleteCriticalSection( &cs );
}
#endif // USE_WASAPI
HRESULT (WINAPI *pDirectSoundCreate)(GUID FAR *lpGUID, LPDIRECTSOUND FAR *lplpDS, IUnknown FAR *pUnkOuter);
#define iDirectSoundCreate(a,b,c) pDirectSoundCreate(a,b,c)
#define SECONDARY_BUFFER_SIZE 0x10000
static int sample16;
static DWORD gSndBufSize;
static DWORD locksize;
static LPDIRECTSOUND pDS;
static LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER pDSBuf, pDSPBuf;
static HINSTANCE hInstDS;
static const char *DSoundError( int error ) {
switch ( error ) {
case DSERR_BUFFERLOST:
return "DSERR_BUFFERLOST";
case DSERR_INVALIDCALL:
return "DSERR_INVALIDCALLS";
case DSERR_INVALIDPARAM:
return "DSERR_INVALIDPARAM";
case DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED:
return "DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED";
}
return "unknown";
}
/*
==================
SNDDMA_Shutdown
==================
*/
void SNDDMA_Shutdown( void ) {
Com_DPrintf( "Shutting down sound system\n" );
#if USE_WASAPI
if ( wasapi_init ) {
Done_WASAPI();
}
#endif
if ( pDS ) {
Com_DPrintf( "Destroying DS buffers\n" );
if ( pDS ) {
Com_DPrintf( "...setting NORMAL coop level\n" );
pDS->lpVtbl->SetCooperativeLevel( pDS, g_wv.hWnd, DSSCL_PRIORITY );
}
if ( pDSBuf ) {
Com_DPrintf( "...stopping and releasing sound buffer\n" );
pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Stop( pDSBuf );
pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Release( pDSBuf );
}
// only release primary buffer if it's not also the mixing buffer we just released
if ( pDSPBuf && ( pDSBuf != pDSPBuf ) ) {
Com_DPrintf( "...releasing primary buffer\n" );
pDSPBuf->lpVtbl->Release( pDSPBuf );
}
pDSBuf = NULL;
pDSPBuf = NULL;
Com_DPrintf( "...releasing DS object\n" );
pDS->lpVtbl->Release( pDS );
}
if ( hInstDS ) {
Com_DPrintf( "...freeing DSOUND.DLL\n" );
FreeLibrary( hInstDS );
hInstDS = NULL;
}
pDS = NULL;
pDSBuf = NULL;
pDSPBuf = NULL;
dsound_init = qfalse;
#if USE_WASAPI
wasapi_init = qfalse;
#endif
memset( &dma, 0, sizeof( dma ) );
CoUninitialize();
}
/*
==================
SNDDMA_Init
Initialize direct sound
Returns false if failed
==================
*/
qboolean SNDDMA_Init( void ) {
#if USE_WASAPI
const char *defdrv;
cvar_t *s_driver;
if ( IsWindows7OrGreater() )
defdrv = "wasapi";
else
defdrv = "dsound";
s_driver = Cvar_Get( "s_driver", defdrv, CVAR_LATCH | CVAR_ARCHIVE_ND );
Cvar_SetDescription( s_driver, "Specify sound subsystem in win32 environment:\n"
" dsound - DirectSound\n"
" wasapi - WASAPI\n" );
#endif
memset( &dma, 0, sizeof( dma ) );
dsound_init = qfalse;
#if USE_WASAPI
wasapi_init = qfalse;
#endif
if ( CoInitialize( NULL ) != S_OK ) {
return qfalse;
}
#if USE_WASAPI
if ( Q_stricmp( s_driver->string, "wasapi" ) == 0 && SNDDMA_InitWASAPI() ) {
dma.driver = "WASAPI";
wasapi_init = qtrue;
return qtrue;
}
#endif
if ( SNDDMA_InitDS() ) {
dma.driver = "DirectSound";
dsound_init = qtrue;
return qtrue;
} else {
dma.channels = 1; // to avoid division-by-zero in S_GetSoundTime()
}
Com_DPrintf( "Failed\n" );
return qfalse;
}
#undef DEFINE_GUID
#define DEFINE_GUID(name, l, w1, w2, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8) \
const GUID name \
= { l, w1, w2, { b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8 } }
// DirectSound Component GUID {47D4D946-62E8-11CF-93BC-444553540000}
DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_DirectSound, 0x47d4d946, 0x62e8, 0x11cf, 0x93, 0xbc, 0x44, 0x45, 0x53, 0x54, 0x0, 0x0);
// DirectSound 8.0 Component GUID {3901CC3F-84B5-4FA4-BA35-AA8172B8A09B}
DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_DirectSound8, 0x3901cc3f, 0x84b5, 0x4fa4, 0xba, 0x35, 0xaa, 0x81, 0x72, 0xb8, 0xa0, 0x9b);
DEFINE_GUID(IID_IDirectSound8, 0xC50A7E93, 0xF395, 0x4834, 0x9E, 0xF6, 0x7F, 0xA9, 0x9D, 0xE5, 0x09, 0x66);
DEFINE_GUID(IID_IDirectSound, 0x279AFA83, 0x4981, 0x11CE, 0xA5, 0x21, 0x00, 0x20, 0xAF, 0x0B, 0xE5, 0x60);
static qboolean SNDDMA_InitDS( void )
{
HRESULT hresult;
DSBUFFERDESC dsbuf;
DSBCAPS dsbcaps;
WAVEFORMATEX format;
int use8;
Com_Printf( "Initializing DirectSound\n" );
use8 = 1;
// Create IDirectSound using the primary sound device
if( FAILED( hresult = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_DirectSound8, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, &IID_IDirectSound8, (void **)&pDS))) {
use8 = 0;
if( FAILED( hresult = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_DirectSound, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, &IID_IDirectSound, (void **)&pDS))) {
Com_Printf ("failed\n");
SNDDMA_Shutdown();
return qfalse;
}
}
hresult = pDS->lpVtbl->Initialize( pDS, NULL);
Com_DPrintf( "ok\n" );
Com_DPrintf("...setting DSSCL_PRIORITY coop level: " );
if ( DS_OK != pDS->lpVtbl->SetCooperativeLevel( pDS, g_wv.hWnd, DSSCL_PRIORITY ) ) {
Com_Printf ("failed\n");
SNDDMA_Shutdown();
return qfalse;
}
Com_DPrintf("ok\n" );
// create the secondary buffer we'll actually work with
dma.channels = 2;
dma.samplebits = 16;
switch ( s_khz->integer ) {
case 48: dma.speed = 48000; break;
case 44: dma.speed = 44100; break;
case 11: dma.speed = 11025; break;
case 22:
default: dma.speed = 22050; break;
};
memset( &format, 0, sizeof( format ) );
format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
format.nChannels = dma.channels;
format.wBitsPerSample = dma.samplebits;
format.nSamplesPerSec = dma.speed;
format.nBlockAlign = format.nChannels * format.wBitsPerSample / 8;
format.cbSize = 0;
format.nAvgBytesPerSec = format.nSamplesPerSec*format.nBlockAlign;
memset( &dsbuf, 0, sizeof( dsbuf ) );
dsbuf.dwSize = sizeof(DSBUFFERDESC);
// Micah: take advantage of 2D hardware.if available.
dsbuf.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_LOCHARDWARE | DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS;
if (use8) {
dsbuf.dwFlags |= DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2;
}
dsbuf.dwBufferBytes = SECONDARY_BUFFER_SIZE;
dsbuf.lpwfxFormat = &format;
memset(&dsbcaps, 0, sizeof(dsbcaps));
dsbcaps.dwSize = sizeof(dsbcaps);
Com_DPrintf( "...creating secondary buffer: " );
if (DS_OK == pDS->lpVtbl->CreateSoundBuffer(pDS, &dsbuf, &pDSBuf, NULL)) {
Com_Printf( "locked hardware. ok\n" );
}
else {
// Couldn't get hardware, fallback to software.
dsbuf.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_LOCSOFTWARE | DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS;
if (use8) {
dsbuf.dwFlags |= DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2;
}
if (DS_OK != pDS->lpVtbl->CreateSoundBuffer(pDS, &dsbuf, &pDSBuf, NULL)) {
Com_Printf( "failed\n" );
SNDDMA_Shutdown();
return qfalse;
}
Com_DPrintf( "forced to software. ok\n" );
}
// Make sure mixer is active
if ( DS_OK != pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Play(pDSBuf, 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING) ) {
Com_Printf ("*** Looped sound play failed ***\n");
SNDDMA_Shutdown();
return qfalse;
}
// get the returned buffer size
if ( DS_OK != pDSBuf->lpVtbl->GetCaps (pDSBuf, &dsbcaps) ) {
Com_Printf ("*** GetCaps failed ***\n");
SNDDMA_Shutdown();
return qfalse;
}
gSndBufSize = dsbcaps.dwBufferBytes;
dma.isfloat = qfalse;
dma.channels = format.nChannels;
dma.samplebits = format.wBitsPerSample;
dma.speed = format.nSamplesPerSec;
dma.samples = gSndBufSize/(dma.samplebits/8);
dma.fullsamples = dma.samples / dma.channels;
dma.submission_chunk = 1;
dma.buffer = NULL; // must be locked first
sample16 = (dma.samplebits/8) - 1;
SNDDMA_BeginPainting();
if ( dma.buffer )
memset( dma.buffer, 0, dma.samples * dma.samplebits/8 );
SNDDMA_Submit();
return qtrue;
}
/*
==============
SNDDMA_GetDMAPos
return the current sample WRITE position (in mono samples)
inside the recirculating dma buffer, so the mixing code will know
how many sample are required to fill it up.
===============
*/
int SNDDMA_GetDMAPos( void ) {
#if USE_WASAPI
if ( wasapi_init ) {
// restart sound system if needed
if ( doSndRestart ) {
Done_WASAPI();
Com_DPrintf( "WASAPI: restart due to device configuration changes\n" );
wasapi_init = SNDDMA_InitWASAPI();
doSndRestart = qfalse;
}
return ( bufferPosition * dma.channels ) & ( dma.samples - 1 );
}
#endif
if ( dsound_init ) {
DWORD dwWriteCursor;
// write position is the only safe position to start update
pDSBuf->lpVtbl->GetCurrentPosition( pDSBuf, NULL, &dwWriteCursor );
return ( dwWriteCursor >> sample16 ) & ( dma.samples - 1 );
}
return 0;
}
/*
==============
SNDDMA_BeginPainting
Makes sure dma.buffer is valid
===============
*/
void SNDDMA_BeginPainting( void ) {
int reps;
DWORD dwSize2;
DWORD *pbuf, *pbuf2;
HRESULT hresult;
DWORD dwStatus;
#if USE_WASAPI
if ( wasapi_init ) {
EnterCriticalSection( &cs );
return;
}
#endif
if ( !pDSBuf ) {
return;
}
// if the buffer was lost or stopped, restore it and/or restart it
if ( pDSBuf->lpVtbl->GetStatus (pDSBuf, &dwStatus) != DS_OK ) {
Com_Printf ("Couldn't get sound buffer status\n");
}
if (dwStatus & DSBSTATUS_BUFFERLOST)
pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Restore (pDSBuf);
if (!(dwStatus & DSBSTATUS_PLAYING))
pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Play(pDSBuf, 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING);
// lock the dsound buffer
reps = 0;
dma.buffer = NULL;
while ((hresult = pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Lock(pDSBuf, 0, gSndBufSize, (LPVOID)&pbuf, &locksize,
(LPVOID)&pbuf2, &dwSize2, 0)) != DS_OK)
{
if (hresult != DSERR_BUFFERLOST)
{
Com_Printf( "SNDDMA_BeginPainting: Lock failed with error '%s'\n", DSoundError( hresult ) );
S_Shutdown();
return;
}
else
{
pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Restore( pDSBuf );
}
if (++reps > 2)
return;
}
dma.buffer = (byte *)pbuf;
}
/*
==============
SNDDMA_Submit
Send sound to device if buffer isn't really the dma buffer
Also unlocks the dsound buffer
===============
*/
void SNDDMA_Submit( void ) {
#if USE_WASAPI
if ( wasapi_init ) {
LeaveCriticalSection( &cs );
return;
}
#endif
// unlock the dsound buffer
if ( pDSBuf ) {
pDSBuf->lpVtbl->Unlock(pDSBuf, dma.buffer, locksize, NULL, 0);
}
}
/*
=================
SNDDMA_Activate
When we change windows we need to do this
=================
*/
void SNDDMA_Activate( void ) {
#if USE_WASAPI
if ( wasapi_init ) {
if ( inPlay == 0 ) {
doSndRestart = qtrue;
}
return;
}
#endif
if ( !pDS ) {
return;
}
if ( DS_OK != pDS->lpVtbl->SetCooperativeLevel( pDS, g_wv.hWnd, DSSCL_PRIORITY ) ) {
Com_Printf( "sound SetCooperativeLevel failed\n" );
SNDDMA_Shutdown();
}
}
``` |
Gustav Casmir (5 November 1874 – 2 October 1910) was a German fencer. He won two gold and two silver medals at the 1906 Intercalated Games.
References
1874 births
1910 deaths
German male fencers
Olympic fencers for Germany
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in fencing
Medalists at the 1906 Intercalated Games
Fencers at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1906 Intercalated Games
Fencers from Berlin
20th-century German people |
Abkhazia and South Ossetia are disputed territories in the Caucasus. Most countries recognise them as part of Georgia, while Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria regard them as independent. Russia's initial recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia occurred in the aftermath of the Russo-Georgian War in 2008. The government of Georgia considers the republics to be Russian-occupied territories.
Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been initially recognised by seven UN member states, until Tuvalu withdrew its recognition of both in 2014, while the status of Vanuatu's recognition of Abkhazia led to confusion between 2011 and 2015. Vanuatu reconfirmed in 2019 it does not support nor recognize the independence of Abkhazia, and supports Georgian territorial integrity including the two disputed territories. Georgia has severed diplomatic relations with the states recognising Abkhazia and South Ossetia, with Syria in 2018 being the most recent example. Abkhazia and South Ossetia recognise each other, and also have some recognition from non-UN member states.
History
South Ossetia declared independence from Georgia during the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War on 29 May 1992, with its Constitution referring to the "Republic of South Ossetia". Abkhazia declared its independence after its war with Georgia in 1992–1993. Its Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1994.
Developments in 2008
In April 2008, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 1808 that reaffirmed "the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognised borders and supports all efforts by the United Nations and the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General, which are guided by their determination to promote a settlement of the Abkhaz–Georgian conflict only by peaceful means and within the framework of the Security Council resolutions."
The 2008 South Ossetia war was fought in August 2008 between Georgia on one side and South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Russia on the other, resulting in a combined South Ossetian, Abkhaz and Russian victory and the expulsion of the Georgian military from both territories.
Russia's recognition
After hearing the aforementioned appeals from both the Abkhazian and South Ossetian leadership, on 25 August 2008, the Federation Council and State Duma passed motions calling upon President Dmitry Medvedev to recognise the independence of both states and establish diplomatic relations. On 26 August 2008, President Medvedev signed decrees recognising the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as sovereign states, and made the following statement:
President Medvedev stated that "Western countries rushed to recognise Kosovo's illegal declaration of independence from Serbia. We argued consistently that it would be impossible, after that, to tell the Abkhazians and Ossetians (and dozens of other groups around the world) that what was good for the Kosovo Albanians was not good for them. In international relations, you cannot have one rule for some and another rule for others."
Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin noted previous Georgian aggression against Ossetia, and said "those who insist that those territories must continue to belong to Georgia are Stalinists — they stick to Yosif Visarionovich Stalin's decision", referring to the fact that it was Stalin, an ethnic Georgian, who gave the territory to the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, the predecessor of the modern day Georgian republic.
In the UN Security Council, the United States was heavily critical of Russian support of the secessionist governments, accusing the government of violating Georgia's territorial integrity. In response, Vitaly Churkin, the Permanent Representative of Russia to the UN, attacked the U.S. claim to moral high ground by recalling its invasion of Iraq in 2003. Others accused the United States of hypocrisy, citing its support of the violation of Serbian territorial integrity when it recognised the independence of Kosovo in 2008.
The Russian government also welcomed Nicaragua's recognition of the two states, and called on other countries to "recognise reality" and follow Nicaragua's example. President Daniel Ortega announced that his government "recognises the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia and fully supports the Russian government's position." Medvedev also signed into law federal bills ratifying friendship, cooperation, and mutual assistance pacts between his government and those of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The laws stipulated the obligations of each state to provide assistance to each other if either of them comes under attack, joint protection of Abkhazia and South Ossetia's borders, as well as cooperation on a wide range of economic, social, and humanitarian issues. The states would also jointly counter organised crime, international terrorism, and drug trafficking, documents to this effect were signed for 10 years with an option to extend the deal automatically.
Georgia's response
Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered Russia's move as an attempt to alter the borders of Europe by force. Below are some excerpts from his statement:
This is the first attempt on European territory ... since Hitler's regime and Stalin's Soviet Union where a large state is trying unilaterally, with the use of force, to completely crush a neighbouring country and openly annex its territory.
This is inconceivable lawlessness and insolence ... Russia has done unthinkable damage to its place in the international community.
The question of the re-establishment of the territorial integrity of Georgia and the protection of its freedom — this is not an internal Georgian problem, or a question of Georgia and Russia. This is now a question of Russia and the rest of the civilised world. Georgia's future, is not only the future of Georgia, this is the future of the whole civilised world...
Deputy Foreign Minister Giga Bokeria said, "This is an unconcealed annexation of these territories, which are a part of Georgia."
On 28 August, the Georgian Parliament passed a resolution declaring Abkhazia and South Ossetia "Russian-occupied territories" and instructed the government to annul all previous treaties on Russian peacekeeping. The following day the government announced that it was severing diplomatic ties with Russia, with the Georgian Embassy in Moscow and the Russian Embassy in Tbilisi to close as a result. Georgia recalled its Ambassador from Russia and ordered all Russian diplomats to leave Georgia, saying that only consular relations would be maintained. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs commented on this decision, saying that some 600,000 to 1 million Georgians in Russia would be left to the "mercy of fate".
Later, Georgia also severed diplomatic relations with Nicaragua. Georgia moved to economically isolate the regions. A ban on economic activity in the regions without Georgian permission was issued, and anyone caught violating this ban by the Georgian authorities faced prosecution. The Georgian Navy blockaded the coast of Abkhazia, and has seized 23 cargo ships trying to bring supplies to Abkhazia, most notably fuel supplies. Abkhazia is dependent on fuel imports, and faced a serious shortage as a result. Russia began deploying boats from its own Black Sea Fleet on 21 September 2009, in response. In August 2009, Russia and South Ossetia accused Georgia of shelling Ossetian villages and kidnapping four South Ossetian citizens. Russia threatened to use force unless the shelling stopped, and put its troops stationed in South Ossetia on high alert.
In January 2010, Georgia adopted a strategy regarding the reintegration of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The strategy is called Involvement through Cooperation and it was presented to the international organisations as well as to Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The document says Georgia views peaceful methods as the only way for conflict solution and that there won't be a war with these regions. It envisions engagement of people of these two regions through education as well as social, economic and business projects, instead of isolation.
It is officially illegal under Georgian law to enter South Ossetia or Abkhazia through Russia, without permission from Georgia; it is possible to travel through Georgian territory to Abkhazia, though as Georgia cannot assure the safety inside the disputed territories, going to either Abkhazia or South Ossetia is not recommended by the Georgian government. It is not possible for foreigners to enter South Ossetia from Georgian controlled territory, as the South Ossetian de facto authorities do not facilitate nor allow this.
Western response
The European Union, NATO, the OSCE, and the United States immediately voiced displeasure with Russia's decision.
Comparison
Comparisons with Kosovo
The Assembly of the Serbian Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, under administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo since 1999, unilaterally declared independence as the Republic of Kosovo on 17 February 2008. The Republic of Kosovo was soon recognised by the United States and the EU three.
In an emergency session of the UN Security Council, Serbian President Boris Tadić asked the Council, "Are we all aware of the precedent that is being set and are we aware of the catastrophic consequences that it may lead to?" The Permanent Representatives of the United States, United Kingdom and France presented their opinion that the Kosovo case is sui generis in nature and could not be perceived as a precedent.
The setting of a precedent was mentioned by many countries. Among them were Argentina, and Cuba. India stated that Kosovo "can set a very dangerous precedent for similar cases around the world." The then Russian President Vladimir Putin described the recognition by Western powers of Kosovo independence as "terrible precedent, which will de facto blow apart the whole system of international relations, developed not over decades, but over centuries." He then went on to say, "They have not thought through the results of what they are doing. At the end of the day it is a two-ended stick and the second end will come back and hit them in the face."
In hearings before the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, California Republican Congressman and member of the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight, Dana Rohrabacher, compared the situation in Georgia to Kosovo.
"Now, we can talk until we are blue in the face, trying to say there is no analogy here, but it does not cover up the obvious analogy between Kosovo and what is going on in Georgia, where you have breakaway republics similar to what the Serbs faced. Now, the only difference is, of course, we are Americans, and they are Russians, and the people trying to break away there were pro-Russian.
Either we are for democracy, either we are for those people in Kosovo and in Ossetia and elsewhere and, I might say, in Georgia for their right to be separate from Russia, to begin with, and if we lose that, we have lost the high ground.
We are already losing our credibility right now. Let us not lose the high ground."
Some analysts at the time called ignoring Russian objections and the move by the United States and the EU-3 a mistake, with Ted Galen Carpenter of the Cato Institute stating that their view of Kosovo being sui generis and setting no precedent as "extraordinarily naïve". It was also suggested that Russia could use the case of Kosovo as pretext for recognising Abkhazia and South Ossetia or annexing Crimea in the future.
The Heritage Foundation suggested that Kosovo is no precedent due to its administration by the United Nations as a protectorate for seven years and was blocked from being admitted to the United Nations due to Russia being able to use their veto in the United Nations Security Council.
In July 2008, in a speech to Russian Ambassadors on Russian foreign policy, Dmitry Medvedev opined that "for the European Union, Kosovo is almost what Iraq has proved to be for the United States" and that they acted unilaterally in pursuit of their own self-interests and undermined international law in the process.
Latvian newspaper Diena on 28 August 2008 argued that Medvedev's decree was "a blow below the belt" for Russia's ally Serbia. "If the changes in Abkhazia and South Ossetia occurred, as Russia claims, in accordance with the example set in Kosovo, then that means that Russia has indirectly admitted that Kosovo's departure from Serbia was lawful."
In September 2009, Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Vitaly Churkin, when asked by journalists why Abkhazia and South Ossetia should be internationally recognised and Kosovo not, said that "the strongest argument is the fact that at the time when Kosovo's authorities made the UDI, nobody was threatening them or putting them in a position where they had to secede. On the contrary, Belgrade even went so far as to refrain from exerting any military or economic pressure on Pristina."
In October 2009, Dmitry Medvedev said that parallels between Kosovo and South Ossetia are "inappropriate". "We are categorically against drawing parallels between the Balkan events and the events in the Caucasus," he said. "As concerns South Ossetia – it's our unambiguous, absolutely clear position – it about repelling direct military aggression. And what was done by Russia after that, was done in full accordance with the UN Charter." He said that Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence and the events that followed "have confirmed the inadequacy of attempts to adjust the solution of complex international problems to considerations of notorious political expediency." "We consider it unacceptable to do what was done in the Kosovo precedent – to use the lack of progress at negotiations as the reason for unilateral actions, including recognition of new international legal entities," the Russian president said.
As a precedent in other disputes
On 18 September 2008, Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov summarised and explained Russia's position in relation to the other two frozen conflicts in the former Soviet Union, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Transnistria, both de facto independent republics seeking international recognition.
He went on to give the following explanation for this position:
Nagorno-Karabakh
The French Ambassador to Armenia Serge Smessoff commented that "the events in Georgia have changed the regional situation, and therefore we hope that there will arise the possibility of rapid solution to the Karabakh conflict."
In Armenia the five political parties (the Union "Constitutional Right", the Democratic Party of Armenia, the United Communist Party of Armenia, the Christian-Democratic Union of Armenia and the Union "National Self-Determination") welcomed the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by the Russian Federation. The Union "Constitutional Justice" stated in a declaration that "today an unprecedentedly favourable situation for the international recognition of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic has come to a head, and Armenian diplomacy does not have the right to delay" and "What Armenian and Karabakh diplomacy could not do in 17 years, Russia has done in 20 days." The declaration went on to say that "in case of the conflicts which have arisen on post-Soviet space, the thesis of territorial integrity cannot be a method for solving the conflicts. On the contrary, the continued reiteration of this thesis can lead the conflict to military confrontation, and all of the consequences that entails."
The Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan, however, stated that Armenia will not formally recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states any time soon, but reiterated his support for their residents’ right to self-determination. He said that Armenia will not recognise them "for the same reason that it did not recognize Kosovo's independence. Having the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenia can not recognize another entity in the same situation as long as it has not recognized the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic."
Secretary of the opposition party Heritage Stepan Safaryan expressed the opinion that the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Armenia would be dangerous as it could damage Armenia's sole stable way to communicate with the outside world – through Georgia.
Transnistria
The then president of the unrecognised state of Transnistria Igor Smirnov said that "the Russian leadership, in recognising the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, has underlined the priority of the expression of the will of the people for solution of such problems".
On 25 August, the day before Russia's recognition, Dmitry Medvedev met with President of Moldova Vladimir Voronin, where the Russian leader made it clear that Moscow is ready to solve the Transnistria conflict within the framework of the sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova with the maximum effort. Relations between Moldova and Transnistria worsened after Moldova refused to support the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Within Russia
According to a declaration addressed to the Council of Europe by Russian human rights activists, "the situation in the North Caucasus republics has become greatly more agitated since the war between Russia and Georgia in the South Caucasus." In Ingushetia, Ingush opposition activist, Magomet Khasbiyev in an interview with radio station Ekho Moskvy called for Ingushetia to separate from Russia, saying that "We must ask Europe or the US to separate us from Russia." He also said "If we aren't acceptable to this country, we don't know what else we should do."
President Dmitry Medvedev did not express concerns about possibility of renewed separatist sentiments in the North Caucasus and believed such scenarios could only arise from foreign countries. In an interview with Euronews he said that he did not "see any such dangers so long as the people from abroad do not meddle in these affairs, thinking up various scenarios for dismembering Russia."
Separatism
Georgian justice minister Nika Gvaramia claimed that “this will have very serious political consequences for Russia." "We will overcome this crisis, I am sure; but what is Russia going to do with its own state – in respect of separatism, which is still a problem in Russia; I'm not worried much about it, but I am sure that it will lead to a total collapse of Russia if not today, tomorrow, for sure," he told journalists.
Various arguments
Following the Russian recognition of South Ossetia, Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt stated, "South Ossetian independence is a joke. We are talking about a smugglers' paradise of 60,000 people financed by the Russian security services. No one can seriously consider that as an independent state."
When asked about UN resolutions that supported Georgia's territorial integrity, Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations Vitaly Churkin claimed that "Their use of force against South Ossetia clearly dashed all those previous resolutions and created a completely new reality." However, France's deputy UN ambassador Jean-Pierre Lacroix argued that "there is no way you can “dash” or “cancel” or whatever “terminate” a resolution of the Security Council by force."
Andrey Illarionov, former advisor to Vladimir Putin, argued that recognition of Abkhazia will legitimize the ethnic cleansing and apartheid. He also cited several differences between Kosovo and Abkhazia as the reasons why Abkhazia should not be granted recognition. In Kosovo the ethnic cleansing was carried out by Serbs – the opponents of secession; In Abkhazia it was committed by the secessionists. While the right of return of refugees to Kosovo was a precondition for self-determination, in Abkhazia the self-determination is linked with the refusal to allow the return of internally displaced people. Abkhaz separatists rejected several peace plans proposed by Georgia, the United Nations, and Germany; while in Kosovo it was Serbia that rejected peace efforts. After the war, Kosovo was ruled by U.N. administration; while Abkhazia denies international organizations entry.
Stephen F. Jones argued that while South Ossetia was seeking for union with Russia, the political realities of the South Caucasus made this an unlikely prospect. In the 2012 presidential elections, Alla Dzhioyeva, an opposition representative had victory snatched from her by the South Ossetian Supreme Court. This illustrated the region's limited political autonomy, which was underlined by the unchallengeable presence of the Russian military. That court decision supported the contention that South Ossetia is a not a real state, but a Russian vassal. South Ossetia's borders are controlled by Russia. There is no South Ossetian foreign policy. South Ossetia does not have the functions of a state to provide for its citizens. There is little popular support for independence.
Other events
Abkhazia said it would not take part in the "Geneva Talks on Security and Stability in the Caucasus" in June 2010 because of concerns over the objectivity of the co-chairmen who were representatives of the UN, the EU, and OSCE. A spokesman said "Our proposals are being ignored, discussions on the non-renewal of war are being procrastinated, instead secondary questions are being discussed. Thereupon we feel the co-chairmen have no real proposals, and we want to give them time till September to prepare a document, concerning security, and acceptable for all sides. The Geneva discussions are necessary, and it is normal that each party voices its position, but the mediators must be neutral and non-biased. But the mediators fail to conduct discussions in a constructive impartial manner."
Positions taken by states
States formally recognising Abkhazia or South Ossetia as independent
UN member states
Partially recognized states
Former partially recognized states
States that recognised Abkhazia or South Ossetia as independent, but subsequently withdrew recognition
UN member states
States that do not recognise Abkhazia or South Ossetia as independent
UN member states
Other states
Positions taken by intergovernmental organisations
Under international law, intergovernmental organisations do not themselves possess the legal capacity to recognise any state diplomatically; their member states do so individually. However, depending on the intergovernmental organisation's rules of internal governance and the positions of their member states, they may express positive or negative opinions as to declarations of independence, or choose to offer or withhold membership to a newly declared state.
Positions taken by non-state actors
Regions with independent governments
International non-governmental organisations
See also
International recognition of Chechen republic of Ichkeria
International reaction to the Russo-Georgian War
International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic
List of states with limited recognition
2006 South Ossetian independence referendum
Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia
Notes
References
2008 in Georgia (country)
Russo-Georgian War
Politics of Georgia (country)
Abkhazia–Russia relations
Russia–South Ossetia relations
Georgia (country)–Russia relations
Foreign relations of Abkhazia
Foreign relations of South Ossetia
2008 in Abkhazia
2008 in South Ossetia
Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Articles containing video clips
Abkhazia–South Ossetia relations |
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<message>
<source>Rectangular</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Freehand</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polyline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines & Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Segment</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Linear</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Ease In</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Ease Out</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Ease In/Out</source>
<translation>/</translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>FillTool</name>
<message>
<source>Frame Range</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Type:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Selective</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Mode:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Onion Skin</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Fill Depth</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Segment</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines && Areas</source>
<translation type="vanished"></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Normal</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rectangular</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Freehand</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polyline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Autopaint Lines</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines & Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Maximum Gap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Pick+Freehand</source>
<translation>+</translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>FingerTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Invert</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>FullColorBrushTool</name>
<message>
<source>Thickness</source>
<translation type="vanished"></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Pressure Sensitivity</source>
<translation type="vanished"></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Opacity:</source>
<translation type="vanished">:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Hardness:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Preset:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Size</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Pressure</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Opacity</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Eraser</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lock Alpha</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source><custom></source>
<translation><></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>FullColorEraserTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Opacity:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Hardness:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Type:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Invert</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Frame Range</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Normal</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rectangular</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Freehand</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polyline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>FullColorFillTool</name>
<message>
<source>Fill Depth</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>HandToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>Reset Position</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>HookTool</name>
<message>
<source>Snap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>MagnetTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>PaintBrushTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Mode:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Selective</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines & Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lock Alpha</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>PinchTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Corner:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Manual</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>PlasticTool</name>
<message>
<source>Build Skeleton</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Paint Rigid</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Animate</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rigid</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Flex</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Mode:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Vertex Name:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Allow Stretching</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Thickness</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Keep Distance</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Global Key</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>A group of skeletons already exists for current column. Replacing it will also substitute any existing vertex animation.
Do you want to continue?</source>
<translation>
</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Ok</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Cancel</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Copy Skeleton</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Paste Skeleton</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Delete Vertex</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Set Key</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Set Rest Key</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Set Global Key</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Set Global Rest Key</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Show Mesh</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Show Rigidity</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Show SO</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Show Skeleton Onion Skin</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The previous vertex name will be discarded, and all associated keys will be lost.
Do you want to proceed?</source>
<translation>
</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Edit Mesh</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Snap To Mesh</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Angle Bounds</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Swap Edge</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Collapse Edge</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Split Edge</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Cut Mesh</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>PlasticToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>Create Mesh</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Skeleton:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>SO</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Angle</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Distance</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>PrimitiveParam</name>
<message>
<source>Shape:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Thickness:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Opacity:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Hardness:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polygon Sides:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Auto Group</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Auto Fill</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Selective</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Pencil Mode</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Miter:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Snap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rectangle</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Circle</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Ellipse</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Line</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polyline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Arc</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polygon</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Butt cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Round cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Projecting cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Miter join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Round join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Bevel join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Low</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>High</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Med</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>MultiArc</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Smooth</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rotate</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>PumpTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Accuracy:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>QObject</name>
<message>
<source>Min:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Max:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Yes</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>No</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The copied selection cannot be pasted in the current drawing.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current column is locked.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current column is not visible in Camera Stand.</source>
<translation type="vanished"></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>It is not possible to edit the audio column.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>It is not possible to edit the Magpie column.</source>
<translation type="vanished"> MAGPIE </translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used on a Level column.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used on a Mesh column.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used in Level Strip mode.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used to edit a motion path.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current level is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used on a Vector Level.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used on a Toonz Level.</source>
<translation> Toonz </translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used on a Raster Level.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used on a Mesh Level.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current tool cannot be used on a mesh-deformed level</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current frame is locked: any editing is forbidden.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Ok</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Cancel</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Paste</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Move Center</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>RGB Picker (R%1, G%2, B%3)</source>
<translation>RGB (R%1, G%2, B%3)</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Group</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Ungroup</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Move Group</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Modify Fx Gadget </source>
<translation> </translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>%1 Level : %2 Frame : %3</source>
<translation>%1 : %2 : %3</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Modify Stroke Tool</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Modify Spline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Deform Raster</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Transform Raster</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Set Save Box : (X%1,Y%2,W%3,H%4)->(X%5,Y%6,W%7,H%8)</source>
<translation>(X%1,Y%2,W%3,H%4)->(X%5,Y%6,W%7,H%8)</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The current column is hidden.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Note columns can only be edited in the xsheet or timeline.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source> to Front</source>
<translation> </translation>
</message>
<message>
<source> to Forward</source>
<translation> </translation>
</message>
<message>
<source> to Back</source>
<translation> </translation>
</message>
<message>
<source> to Backward</source>
<translation> </translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The selection cannot be updated. It is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The selection cannot be deleted. It is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The selection cannot be pasted. It is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The selection cannot be grouped. It is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The selection cannot be entered. It is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The selection cannot be ungrouped. It is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>The selection cannot be moved. It is not editable.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Snap At Intersection</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>RGBPickerTool</name>
<message>
<source>Type:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Passive Pick</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Normal</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rectangular</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Freehand</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polyline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>RGBPickerToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>Pick Screen</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>RasterSelectionTool</name>
<message>
<source>No Antialiasing</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Modify Savebox</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>RasterTapeTool</name>
<message>
<source>Type:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Distance:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Style Index:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Opacity:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Frame Range</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Angle:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Normal</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rectangular</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Freehand</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polyline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>current</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>RotateTool</name>
<message>
<source>Rotate On Camera Center</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>RotateToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>Reset Rotation</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>RulerToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>X:</source>
<comment>ruler tool option</comment>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Y:</source>
<comment>ruler tool option</comment>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>W:</source>
<comment>ruler tool option</comment>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>H:</source>
<comment>ruler tool option</comment>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>A:</source>
<comment>ruler tool option</comment>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>L:</source>
<comment>ruler tool option</comment>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>SelectionTool</name>
<message>
<source>Type:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rectangular</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Freehand</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Polyline</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>SelectionToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>H:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>V:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rotation</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>X:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Y:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Thickness</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Link</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Scale</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Position</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Flip Selection Horizontally</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Flip Selection Vertically</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rotate Selection Left</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rotate Selection Right</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>ShiftTraceToolOptionBox</name>
<message>
<source>Reset Previous</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Reset Following</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Previous Drawing</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Following Drawing</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>SkeletonTool</name>
<message>
<source>Global Key</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Show Only Active Skeleton</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Mode:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Reset Pinned Center</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Build Skeleton</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Animate</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Inverse Kinematics</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>StylePickerTool</name>
<message>
<source>No current level.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Current level has no available palette.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Palette must have more than one palette to be organized.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Mode:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Passive Pick</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Organize Palette</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lines & Areas</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>StylePickerToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>With this option being activated, the picked style will be
moved to the end of the first page of the palette.</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>ToonzRasterBrushTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Hardness:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Smooth:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Draw Order:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Over All</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Under All</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Palette Order</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Preset:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source><custom></source>
<translation><></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Pencil</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Pressure</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Lock Alpha</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>ToonzVectorBrushTool</name>
<message>
<source>Size</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Accuracy:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Smooth:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Preset:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source><custom></source>
<translation><></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Break</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Pressure</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Miter:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Range:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Snap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Off</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Linear</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>In</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Out</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>In&Out</source>
<translation>&</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Low</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Med</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>High</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Butt cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Round cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Projecting cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Miter join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Round join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Bevel join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>TrackerTool</name>
<message>
<source>Width:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Height:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>X:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Y:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>TypeTool</name>
<message>
<source>Font:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Style:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Vertical Orientation</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Size:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>VectorSelectionTool</name>
<message>
<source>Mode:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Preserve Thickness</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Miter:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Standard</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Selected Frames</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Whole Level</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Same Style</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Same Style on Selected Frames</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Same Style on Whole Level</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Boundary Strokes</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Boundaries on Selected Frames</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Boundaries on Whole Level</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Butt cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Round cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Projecting cap</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Miter join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Round join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Bevel join</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Include Intersection</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>VectorTapeTool</name>
<message>
<source>Smooth</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Join Vectors</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Distance</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Mode:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Type:</source>
<translation>:</translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Endpoint to Endpoint</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Endpoint to Line</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Line to Line</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Normal</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
<message>
<source>Rectangular</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
<context>
<name>ZoomToolOptionsBox</name>
<message>
<source>Reset Zoom</source>
<translation></translation>
</message>
</context>
</TS>
``` |
```java
package com.egzosn.pay.common.api;
import java.util.Map;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.egzosn.pay.common.bean.PayMessage;
import com.egzosn.pay.common.bean.PayOutMessage;
import com.egzosn.pay.common.exception.PayErrorException;
/**
*
*
*
* @author egan
* <pre>
* email egzosn@gmail.com
* date 2018-10-29 17:31:05
* </pre>
*/
public class DefaultPayMessageHandler implements PayMessageHandler<PayMessage, PayService> {
protected final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultPayMessageHandler.class);
/**
* @param payMessage
* @param context handlerinterceptor
* @param payService
* @return xml, textnull
*/
@Override
public PayOutMessage handle(PayMessage payMessage, Map<String, Object> context, PayService payService) throws PayErrorException {
if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
LOG.info("" + JSON.toJSONString(payMessage));
}
return payService.successPayOutMessage(payMessage);
}
}
``` |
The Christian Democratic Party (, PDC), also called simply Christian Democracy (, DC), is a Christian democrat political party in Argentina.
History
In 1947 the Christian Democrat Organization of America was founded to advocate the principles of Christian Democracy in their respective countries. Each of the member parties is different, sometimes having differing views of Christian Democracy itself. Some of the member parties are in government in their country, others are in coalition government, and others are not in government.
When President Perón was reelected in 1952, the government's relationship with the Catholic Church also worsened. As Perón increasingly distanced itself from the Church, the government, which had first respected the Church's privileges, now took them away in a distinctly confrontational fashion. By 1954, the Peronist was openly anti-Church. Meanwhile, a Christian Democratic Party was founded in 1954 after several other organisations had been active promoting Christian democracy in Argentina.
The Party was founded in 1954 after several other organisations had been active promoting Christian democracy in Argentina. Leading activists in its early years included Manuel Vicente Ordonez, Lucas Ayarragaray h., José Allende and Horacio Sueldo.
In 1973 the Party split, with Allende's Popular Christian Party being part of the Peronist Frejuli front which brought Héctor José Cámpora to power, opposed by Sueldo's Revolutionary Christian Party which worked with the Intransigent Party and joined the left-wing Popular Revolutionary Alliance.
After the return of democracy in 1983, the Christian Democratic Party was reunited. In 1989, the Party formed an alliance with the Justicialist Party to support the presidential bid of Carlos Menem. Shortly after Menem won the election, the PDC left the coalition, but not before the strategy had provoked a split in its ranks. The PDC's leader, Carlos Auyero, and his followers in the 'Humanism and Liberation' grouping left the Party to help form what would become the Broad Front with Carlos Álvarez and other dissident Peronists.
The party was part of the centre-left FrePaSo coalition formed by the Broad Front in the 1990s and entered government in 1999 as part of the Alianza between FrePaSo and the Radical Civic Union that brought Fernando de la Rúa to the presidency. The Alianza collapsed in 2001 and FrePaSo effectively disappeared.
After 2003, the Party backed the Presidency of Néstor Kirchner and joined the Plural Consensus in support of his Front for Victory. In 2007 The Party backed the election of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner as President.
In 2011, however, the Party changed affiliation and supported opposition candidate Eduardo Duhalde.
Actuality
José Manuel de la Sota, ex-governor of Córdoba Province, was the candidate of the Christian Democratic Party in the 2015 presidential election in part of the United for a New Alternative political coalition.
In 2015 Juan Fernando Brügge was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for his province, representing the centrist Christian Democratic Party, part of the United for a New Alternative political coalition.
See also
Christian democracy
Catholic social teaching
Christianity and politics
List of Christian democratic parties around the world
Literature
Kalyvas, Stathis N. and Kees van Kersbergen (2010). "Christian Democracy". Annual Review of Political Science 2010. 13:183–209.
External links
Christian Democratic Party of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires Official blog
Christian Democratic Party of Catamarca Province Official blog
Christian Democratic Party of Córdoba Province Official blog
Christian Democratic Party of Corrientes Province Official blog
Christian Democratic Party of Santa Fe Province Official blog
Christian Democratic Party of Tucumán Province Official blog
Juventud Demócrata Cristiana de Argentina Official blog
Instituto Argentino 'Jacques Maritain' Official blog
References
1954 establishments in Argentina
Catholic political parties
Christian democratic parties in Argentina
Political parties established in 1954 |
The pseudorange (from pseudo- and range) is the pseudo distance between a satellite and a navigation satellite receiver (see GNSS positioning calculation), for instance Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers.
To determine its position, a satellite navigation receiver will determine the ranges to (at least) four satellites as well as their positions at time of transmitting. Knowing the satellites' orbital parameters, these positions can be calculated for any point in time. The pseudoranges of each satellite are obtained by multiplying the speed of light by the time the signal has taken from the satellite to the receiver. As there are accuracy errors in the time measured, the term pseudo-ranges is used rather than ranges for such distances.
Pseudorange and time error estimation
Typically a quartz oscillator is used in the receiver to do the timing. The accuracy of quartz clocks in general is worse (i.e. more) than one part in a million; thus, if the clock hasn't been corrected for a week, the deviation may be so great as to result in a reported location not on the Earth, but outside the Moon's orbit. Even if the clock is corrected, a second later the clock may no longer be usable for positional calculation, because after a second the error will be hundreds of meters for a typical quartz clock. But in a GPS receiver the clock's time is used to measure the ranges to different satellites at almost the same time, meaning all the measured ranges have the same error. Ranges with the same error are called pseudoranges. By finding the pseudo-range of an additional fourth satellite for precise position calculation, the time error can also be estimated. Therefore, by having the pseudoranges and the locations of four satellites, the actual receiver's position along the x, y, z axes and the time error can be computed accurately.
The reason we speak of pseudo-ranges rather than ranges, is precisely this "contamination" with unknown receiver clock offset. GPS positioning is sometimes referred to as trilateration, but would be more accurately referred to as pseudo-trilateration.
Following the laws of error propagation, neither the receiver position nor the clock offset are computed exactly, but rather estimated through a least squares adjustment procedure known from geodesy.
To describe this imprecision, so-called GDOP quantities have been defined: geometric dilution of precision (x,y,z,t).
Pseudorange calculations therefore use the signals of four satellites to compute the receiver's location and the clock error. A clock with an accuracy of one in a million will introduce an error of one millionth of a second each second. This error multiplied by the speed of light gives an error of 300 meters. For a typical satellite constellation this error will increase by about (less if satellites are close together, more if satellites are all near the horizon). If positional calculation was done using this clock and only using three satellites, just standing still the GPS would indicate that you are traveling at a speed in excess of 300 meters per second, (over 1000 km/hour or 600 miles an hour). With only signals from three satellites the GPS receiver would not be able to determine whether the 300m/s was due to clock error or actual movement of the GPS receiver.
If the satellites being used are scattered throughout the sky, then the value of geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) is low while if satellites are clustered near each other from the receiver's vantage point the GDOP values are higher. The lower the value of GDOP then the better the ratio of position error to range error computing will be, so GDOP plays an important role in calculating the receiver's position on the surface of the earth using pseudoranges. The larger the number of satellites, the better the value of GDOP will be.
See also
Pseudo-range multilateration
References
Peter J. G. Teunissen and Alfred Kleusberg, GPS observation equations and positioning concepts, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 1996, volume 60/1996, pages 175-217
Geodesy
Satellite navigation |
Bărăția is one of the Roman Catholic churches in Bucharest, Romania. It is located in central Bucharest, on the I. C. Brătianu Boulevard, next to Piața Unirii.
Name
Its name, used in antiquated Romanian for several Catholic churches, is derived from a Hungarian word of Slavic origin, barát, meaning "brother" or "monk".
History
The history of the church can be traced back to 1314, when Franciscan friars built a wooden church near the early settlements at the location of present-day Bucharest, mainly for Italian merchants traveling to the Byzantine Empire.
Bucharest was founded in 1459, and the wooden church rebuilt several times. In 1629-1633, a new stone church was constructed by Franciscan friars from the Province of Bulgaria. In 1716, the Wallachian Prince Ștefan Cantacuzino promised that he would repair it, but he had to abdicate that same year. Leopold I donated 1,500 golden ducats for the repairs, to which Prince Nicholas Mavrocordatos contributed a further 280 ducats, and the work was finished in 1741.
The church burnt down during the 1847 Bucharest fire and its reconstruction, which ended in 1848, was financed by the Imperial House of Vienna, which donated 4,000 guilders. The big bell was cast in 1855, being financed by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.
During the Communist era, many buildings of the parish were demolished or confiscated by the State. The church underwent a major renovation in 1954.
Bărăția today
Masses are celebrated three times on weekdays and six times on Sunday; including those in Hungarian and German languages for the city's minorities.
References
Karl Auner, Geschichte der bukarester Baratzie, Bucharest, 1904
Raymund Netzhammer, Über religiöse Verhältnisse in Rumänien, Salzburg, 1902
External links
History and information (in Romanian)
Baratia
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1848
Gothic Revival church buildings in Romania
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Romania
Historic monuments in Bucharest |
Ernst Egon Napoleon Kjerrman (25 September 1920 – 13 March 2007) was a Swedish kapellmeister, actor and composer. He was famous for hosting Allsång på Skansen from 1956 to 1966. He was pianist in Sveriges magasin and participated in many other radio and TV programs during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
Biography
Born in Gothenburg, Kjerrman started his music career as conductor and répétiteur at Stora Teatern in Gothenburg. During the 1940s he moved to Chicago where he worked as a police officer and wrote music. In 1952 he moved back to Sweden to work as conductor at Sveriges Radio. He also worked as conductor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Kjerrman was awarded the Illis quorum in 1993.
References
Notes
Sources
1920 births
2007 deaths
Swedish male actors
Swedish composers
Swedish male composers
Swedish conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Swedish male musicians
20th-century Swedish musicians
Recipients of the Illis quorum |
Krystyna Ścibor-Bogusławska (?-1783) was a Polish official, serving as governor, Lady of regality, of Wągłczew, by appointment of King Poniatowski from 1773 to 1782.
Life
Born into the Clan Ostoja, she was the daughter of Anna Jankowska and Franciszek Ścibor-Bogusławski, a captain of the National Cavalry. She married Antoni Łubieński the governor of Wągłczew, who was the son of Wiktoria Sariusz-Kałowska and Aleksander Łubieński also the governor in Wągłczew.
After the death of her husband on 1 November 1773, King Stanisław August Poniatowski made her Governor of Wągłczew for life. This was unusual at the time.
She remarried, to Józef Byszewski, an Army colonel, with whom she had two children. She died in 1783.
References
18th-century births
1783 deaths
18th-century Polish–Lithuanian politicians
18th-century Polish women
18th-century Polish nobility
Clan of Ostoja
18th-century women politicians |
```javascript
import ElProgress from './src/progress';
/* istanbul ignore next */
ElProgress.install = function(Vue) {
Vue.component(ElProgress.name, ElProgress);
};
export default ElProgress;
``` |
MetaFilter, known as MeFi to its members, is a general-interest community weblog, founded in 1999 and based in the United States, featuring links to content that users have discovered on the web. Since 2003, it has included the popular question-and-answer subsite Ask MetaFilter. The site has eight paid staff members as of December 2021, including the owner. MetaFilter has about 12,000 active members as of early 2011.
Community
MetaFilter was founded by Matthew Haughey in 1999. Haughey wrote the software for the site himself, using Macromedia ColdFusion and Microsoft SQL Server. The earliest Front Page Post (FPP), concerning cats in scanners and the resulting pictures, debuted on July 14, 1999.
From its early beginnings as a small community of webloggers who traded links, the weblog now enjoys international popularity. Members are permitted to make one post to the front page per day, which must feature at least one link. Members may then comment on these posts.
Although membership was initially free and unrestricted, growing membership forced frequent extended closures of new-member signup. On November 18, 2004, Haughey reopened signups, but with a US$5 life-time membership fee. According to Time magazine in 2009, this fee had kept the site "remarkably free of trolls, griefers and other anonymous jerks", yielding a "public-spirited flavor of a small town or good university". Although the number of registrations has topped 100,000, a design flaw in the counting process means that it counts users who abandoned the signup process mid-way; the actual number of posters is smaller, at around 38,700 as of October 2008.
MetaFilter has developed a fairly stable community with a variety of in-jokes. Members regularly gather for meetups in cities around the world, and there are numerous websites with strong connections to MetaFilter members and subgroups, including MetaChat and MonkeyFilter, the latter getting its start during the period when MetaFilter memberships were closed. Readers can mark other users' comments as a favorite, and commenters derive pride from how many times they have been "favorited".
MetaFilter was included in Times 50 Best Websites 2009 feature.
At SXSW 2011, Haughey gave a talk in which he noted that MetaFilter had about 125,000 user accounts, of which 12,000 are active.
In November 2012, MetaFilter experienced a huge drop of traffic due to the Google Panda search update; specifically, the Ask MetaFilter page lost 40% of its traffic. This made MetaFilter overnight lose money and led to the letting go of multiple paid moderators.
In July 2017, the ownership of MetaFilter was transferred from Matthew Haughey to long-time moderator Josh Millard.
In June 2018 the site was losing US$8,000 per month but rebounded with new sources of ad revenue and increased member contributions.
In May 2022, the ownership of MetaFilter was transferred to Jessamyn West, who had been MetaFilter's first volunteer and first employee. Additionally, a Steering Committee of community members was proposed in March and elected in August.
Content
MetaFilter's name derives from the idea that weblogs "filter" the "best of the web", and MetaFilter posts would be the best of the best. Posters are presumed responsible for selecting only the most interesting or novel websites to link, and users' reputations are largely determined by overall posting quality. Half-baked posts, self-promotion, open-ended questions, and other fare common on other community sites and internet forums are strongly discouraged at MetaFilter. Posts must contain a link, and the site linked must be of high quality.
Best of the Web
What gets posted is diverse. Online art, award-winning web design, photography galleries, and the like fit into a cool site of the day theme that is highly prized but often generates scant discussion. Flash games and funny online movies also appear. Net and blog culture discussions also percolate through MetaFilter, reflecting its early connections with Blogger, but this is becoming less common as membership expands.
NewsFilter
Open posting permits less rigorous items as well. The derisive term for this on MetaFilter is NewsFilter (or similar -Filter names for specific news topics, e.g. IraqFilter). Nevertheless, it is accepted that some discussion of current events and politics in particular is inevitable, and a certain level is tolerated. If more than one post is made about a news topic, the extras are often deleted and discussion is redirected to the "canonical" post about the topic, usually the first one made. Important news items or political arguments can turn into very long discussions, such as 9/11 (2001), the London Bombings (2005), and Hurricane Katrina (2005)—which generated over 80 front page posts in about a week. The first example of this was arguably the 2001 Nisqually earthquake.
Investigations
Because MetaFilter bans "selflinks" or posts by a person with a significant conflict of interest, posts tend to be closely scrutinized. Members of the site also have, several times, worked closely together to root out deception and scams. In May 2001, MetaFilter played a key role in uncovering the Kaycee Nicole hoax, in which a woman made up a fake online persona of a teenage daughter who was dying of cancer, fooling many bloggers and garnering sympathy and gifts. In October 2004, MetaFilter members uncovered the identities of the writers of the hoax Website Nick Nolte's Diary. An astroturfing campaign by Holden Karnofsky, the co-founder of the online charity GiveWell, was detected in January 2008 through a sockpuppet posting to Ask MetaFilter, leading to Karnofsky's resignation. In 2009, a user detected photoshopping by photographer Edgar Martins in a New York Times Magazine gallery, which was subsequently withdrawn.
Moderation
One of MetaFilter's founding tenets and an important factor in the "feel" of the site is the idea that the bulk of moderation is done through social norms and peer pressure, referred to as "self-policing" in a site tagline. Posts that do not meet the community's standards for quality are often "called out" to MetaTalk, an administrative area of the site, and interested members discuss how the post could have been improved, or, in some cases, ruthlessly mock the offender. (The community occasionally concludes, after discussion, that the call-out was unwarranted.) Moderators may step in and temporarily suspend an offending user's account, but this is rare; permanent bans are rarer still, and are generally reserved for spammers and other egregious abusers of the site. MetaTalk also sees particularly excellent posts called out for praise, and moderators regularly feature superlative contributions on the main page's sidebar.
For the site's first few years, this practice of self-policing ensured a high level of quality and allowed Haughey to use a light touch in moderating the site; however, as the community has grown, Haughey has expanded the site's staff and taken a more active role. In 2004, Jessamyn West began assisting him with moderation duties; in 2007, user Josh Millard ("cortex") was appointed as an additional moderator. In 2008, London user Ricardo Vacapinta assumed off-hours moderator duties, and in April 2011 Jeremy Preacher (restless_nomad) came on to keep an eye on things over the weekend. A flagging feature allows members to call moderator attention to substandard, offensive, or outstanding posts, allowing users continued input towards shaping the site while quickly alerting site staff to potential trouble spots.
Haughey has long resisted adding killfiles and Slashdot-style scoring systems to MetaFilter, as he feels the former would fragment the community and the latter would result in users trying to "game" the system.
On May 19, 2014, Haughey announced that effective June 1, 2014, moderators West, LobsterMitten and goodnewsfortheinsane would be laid off from their positions due to a sudden and unexpected slump in traffic caused by updates to Google's Panda search algorithm, which reduced ad revenue generated by Ask MetaFilter by more than 40%.
Subsites
As mentioned under Moderation, the administrative area known as MetaTalk, or MeTa for short, allows for meta-discussion of the community, including bug reports, feature requests, and "self-policing".
In 2003, Ask MetaFilter was launched. This forum allows members to post questions to the community, without the link requirement. AskMe quickly grew to a strong side community with slightly different etiquette requirements and many daily threads that cover a broad spectrum of topics. Users are limited to asking one question per week and are allowed to ask questions anonymously.
At the end of 2005, MetaFilter Projects was launched. This area of the site is for members to announce web projects they have been working on—the one place on the site where so-called "self-linking" is permitted. Members can vote on projects, and often post interesting projects to the main site following the same guidelines as any other post.
In 2006, MetaFilter Music launched. This area of the site allows users to upload their own musical creations, which others can listen to directly on the website, along with playlist and favorites features.
Later on August 24, 2006, MetaFilter Jobs was added. This section was created for members to post job openings.
In 2007, MetaFilter launched a podcast, which lives at the Podcast subsite.
in June 2010, the IRL subsite was launched as a place to share community meetups and other events.
In 2014, FanFare was created to give the community a place to discuss entertainment media such as TV shows, Movies, Podcasts, Books, and Special Events.
References
External links
American blogs
Question-and-answer websites
Internet forums
Internet properties established in 1999
Knowledge markets
1999 establishments in the United States |
Chevé is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Émile-Joseph-Maurice Chevé (1804–1864), French music theorist and educator
Jacqueline Chevé (1961–2010), French politician
See also
Chevé Cave, one of the deepest caves on Earth
Cheves |
Jukskei is a -year-old folk sport () developed and played in South Africa.
History
Jukskei is believed to have originated around 1743 in the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, developed by "transport riders" who travelled with ox-drawn wagons. They used the wooden pins of the yokes ( and ) of the oxen to throw at a stick that was planted into the ground. The game was also played during the Great Trek. It was also played by the farmers from the Boland on beaches.
Jukskei became an organised sport around the year 1939, when the first unions were established and rules were formalised.
Today
The sport is traditionally associated with the Afrikaners and in 2001 it was chosen by the SA government as one of the sports to be included in the Indigenous Games Project. Since then the game has started to gain popularity with young people of all cultures. There is usually a team of 4 players, of whom one is the captain, but it can also be played in pairs or singles. Jukskei in South Africa is played at schools, club and provincial level, and there is an annual tournament in Kroonstad in the Free State. Jukskei is also being played in Namibia and the USA. The three countries are affiliated to the International Jukskei Federation (IJF).
Basic rules
The object of the game is to knock over a peg that is planted in a sandpit over a distance of between 10 and 16 m (depending on age and gender). It is played in teams with usually four members each. Each member has two skeis (and thus two turns). The playing field consists of two pits juxtaposed in opposite directions, so that play can take place in both directions. Each time a team member knocks over the peg, he gets three points. If the peg wasn't knocked out, the team lying closest to the position of the peg scores as many points as they have skeis closer to the peg than their opponent's closest skei. The first team to get exactly 23 points first wins the game. If the team gets more than 23 points, they start from 0.
See also
Quoits
References
External links
Next Level Jukskei
Jukskei and Kings Viking Chess
Sport in South Africa
Sports originating in South Africa
Afrikaner people
Team sports |
```javascript
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
define(["style/interface.scss", "data/Scores", "Tone/core/Transport", "interface/Loader"],
function (interfaceStyle, Scores, Transport, Loader) {
var PlayButton = function(container){
//the play button
this._playButton = document.createElement("div");
this._playButton.id = "PlayPause";
this._playButton.classList.add("Button");
container.appendChild(this._playButton);
this._playButton.addEventListener("click", this._play.bind(this));
//the midi file title
this._midiButton = document.createElement("div");
this._midiButton.id = "Midi";
this._midiButton.classList.add("TextButton");
var xSpan = document.createElement("span");
var textSpan = document.createElement("span");
xSpan.innerHTML = "";
textSpan.classList.add("Text");
textSpan.innerHTML = "testfile.mid";
this._midiButton.appendChild(xSpan);
this._midiButton.appendChild(textSpan);
container.appendChild(this._midiButton);
this._midiButton.addEventListener("click", this._clearMidiFile.bind(this));
//the prev button
this._prevButton = document.createElement("div");
this._prevButton.id = "Previous";
this._prevButton.classList.add("Button");
this._prevButton.classList.add("ScoreButton");
this._prevButton.classList.add("icon-svg_left_arrow");
container.appendChild(this._prevButton);
this._prevButton.addEventListener("click", this._selectScore.bind(this, -1));
//the next button
this._nextButton = document.createElement("div");
this._nextButton.id = "Next";
this._nextButton.classList.add("Button");
this._nextButton.classList.add("ScoreButton");
this._nextButton.classList.add("icon-svg_right_arrow");
container.appendChild(this._nextButton);
this._nextButton.addEventListener("click", this._selectScore.bind(this, 1));
this._scoreIndex = 0;
this._setScoreControls();
//the callbacks
this.onPlay = function(){};
this.onScore = function(){};
this._setPlayIcon();
//load the first score
// this._loadScore();
};
PlayButton.prototype._clearMidiFile = function() {
document.getElementById('PlayPause').classList.remove('Shifted');
document.querySelectorAll('#Previous, #Next').forEach(function(n) { n.classList.remove('Hidden') });
document.getElementById('Midi').classList.remove('Active');
this._loadScore();
this.onPlay(false);
this.stop();
};
PlayButton.prototype._selectScore = function(move){
this._setPlayIcon();
this._scoreIndex += move;
this._setScoreControls();
this._loadScore(Scores[this._scoreIndex]);
};
PlayButton.prototype.stop = function(move){
this._setPlayIcon();
};
PlayButton.prototype._play = function(){
if (Transport.state === "started"){
Transport.stop();
this._setPlayIcon();
this.onPlay(false);
} else {
this._setPauseIcon();
Transport.start();
this.onPlay(true);
}
};
PlayButton.prototype._setPlayIcon = function(){
this._playButton.classList.remove("icon-svg_pause");
this._playButton.classList.add("icon-svg_play");
this._playButton.classList.remove("Active");
};
PlayButton.prototype._setPauseIcon = function(){
this._playButton.classList.add("icon-svg_pause");
this._playButton.classList.remove("icon-svg_play");
this._playButton.classList.add("Active");
};
PlayButton.prototype._loadScore = function(){
//pause before the score
Transport.stop();
this.onPlay(false);
var name = Scores[this._scoreIndex];
var loader = new Loader("score");
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("GET", "./midi/" + name + ".json");
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
if (xhr.status === 200) {
var json = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
loader.resolve();
this.onScore(json);
} else {
console.log('Error: ' + xhr.status); // An error occurred during the request.
}
}
}.bind(this);
xhr.send(null);
};
PlayButton.prototype._setScoreControls = function(){
if (this._scoreIndex === 0){
this._prevButton.classList.add("Disabled");
} else {
this._prevButton.classList.remove("Disabled");
}
if (this._scoreIndex === Scores.length - 1){
this._nextButton.classList.add("Disabled");
} else {
this._nextButton.classList.remove("Disabled");
}
};
return PlayButton;
});
``` |
Anthony "Tony" S. Abbott was an American college professor and writer. He taught at Davidson College for over 41 years. He received the North Carolina Award for Literature in 2015, the highest award bestowed to a civilian by the State of North Carolina. In November 2018, the Town of Davison, North Carolina awarded him the G. Jackson Burney Community Service Award. In 2020, he was inducted into the North Carolina Literary Hall of Fame.
Early life and education
Abbott was born on January 7, 1935, in San Francisco, California. He graduated from Princeton University in 1957, and received a masters (1960) and doctorate (1962) degree at Harvard University.
Career
He taught at Bates College from 1961 to 1964. In 1964, he started teaching English at Davidson College and eventually became the Charles A. Dana Professor of English Emeritus. Davidson College recognized him with the Thomas Jefferson Award in 1969 and the Hunter-Hamilton Love of Teaching Award in 1997.
He authored two novels and six books of poetry. The book of poetry The Girl in the Yellow Raincoat received a Pulitzer Prize nomination. He was the recipient of the Sam Ragan Awards in 1996 and the Brockman-Campbell Award from the North Carolina Poetry Society in 2012. He served as the President of the North Carolina Writers Network and the Chairmen of the North Carolina Writers Conference.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
Bates College faculty
Davidson College faculty
Poets from North Carolina
Princeton University alumni
Writers from San Francisco
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni |
Underbalanced drilling, or UBD, is a procedure used to drill oil and gas wells where the pressure in the wellbore is kept lower than the static pressure of the formation being drilled. As the well is being drilled, formation fluid flows into the wellbore and up to the surface. This is the opposite of the usual situation, where the wellbore is kept at a pressure above the formation to prevent formation fluid entering the well. In such a conventional "overbalanced" well, the invasion of fluid is considered a kick, and if the well is not shut-in it can lead to a blowout, a dangerous situation. In underbalanced drilling, however, there is a "rotating head" at the surface - essentially a seal that diverts produced fluids to a separator while allowing the drill string to continue rotating.
If the formation pressure is relatively high, using a lower density mud will reduce the well bore pressure below the pore pressure of the formation. Sometimes an inert gas is injected into the drilling mud to reduce its equivalent density and hence its hydrostatic pressure throughout the well depth. This gas is commonly nitrogen, as it is non-combustible and readily available, but air, reduced oxygen air, processed flue gas and natural gas have all been used in this fashion.
Coiled tubing drilling (CTD) allows for continuous drilling and pumping and therefore underbalanced drilling can be utilized which can increase the rate of penetration (ROP).
Fluid Systems used in Underbalanced Drilling
There are several kinds of underbalanced drilling. The most common are listed below.
Dry air. This is also known as dusting. Here air compressors combined with a booster (which takes the head from the compressors and increases the pressure of the air, but does not increase the volume of air going down hole) are used and the only fluid injected into the well is a small amount of oil to reduce corrosion.
Mist. A small amount of foaming agent (soap) is added into the flow of air. Fine particles of water and foam in an atmosphere of air bring cuttings back to the surface.
Foam. A larger amount of foaming agent is added into the flow. Bubbles and slugs of bubbles in an atmosphere of mist bring cuttings back to the surface.
Stable foam. An even larger amount of foaming agent is added into the flow. This is the consistency of a shaving cream.
Airlift. Slugs and bubbles of air in a matrix of water, soap can or can not be added into the fluid flow of air.
Aerated mud. Air or another gas is injected into the flow of drilling mud. Degassing units are required to remove air before it can be recirculated.
Advantages
Under-balanced wells have several advantages over conventional drilling including:
Minimizes formation damage. In a conventional well, drilling mud is forced into the formation in a process called invasion, which frequently causes formation damage - a decrease in the ability of the formation to transmit oil into the well-bore at a given pressure and flow rate. It may or may not be repairable. In under-balanced drilling, if the under-balanced state is maintained until the well becomes productive, invasion does not occur and formation damage can be completely avoided.
Increases rate of penetration (ROP). With less pressure at the bottom of the well-bore, it is easier for the drill bit to cut and remove rock.
Reduction of lost circulation. Lost circulation is when drilling mud flows into the formation uncontrollably. Large amounts of mud can be lost before a proper mud cake forms, or the loss can continue indefinitely. If the well is drilled under-balanced, mud will not enter the formation and the problem can be avoided.
Eliminates differential sticking. Differential sticking is when the drill pipe is pressed against the well-bore wall so that part of its circumference will see only reservoir pressure, while the rest will continue to be pushed by well-bore pressure. As a result, the pipe becomes stuck to the wall, and can require thousands of pounds of force to remove, which may prove impossible. Because the reservoir pressure is greater than the well-bore pressure in UBD, the pipe is pushed away from the walls, eliminating differential sticking.
Reduces formation damage and water loss. Some rock formation has a reactive tendency to water. When drilling-mud is used the water in the drill mud reacts with the formation (mostly clay) and inherently causes formation damage (reduction in permeability and porosity). Use of under-balanced drilling can help prevent this.
Disadvantages
Underbalanced drilling is usually more expensive than conventional drilling (when drilling a deviated well which requires directional drilling tools), and has safety issues of its own. Technically the well is always in a blowout condition unless a heavier fluid is displaced into the well. Air drilling requires a faster up hole volume as the cuttings will fall faster down the annulus when the compressors are taken off the hole compared to having a higher viscosity fluid in the hole. Because air is compressible mud pulse telemetry measurement while drilling (MWD) tools which require an incompressible fluid can not work. Common technologies used to eliminate this problem are either electromagnetic MWD tools or wireline MWD tools. Downhole mechanics are usually more violent also because the volume of fluid going through a downhole motor or downhole hammer is greater than an equivalent fluid when drilling balanced or over balanced because of the need of higher up hole velocities. Corrosion is also a problem, but can be largely avoided using a coating oil or rust inhibitors.
References
Nas, Steve, Chapter 12 Underbalanced Drilling, from Petroleum Engineering Handbook, Volume II, Editor Robert Mitchell, 2007, pages II-519 to 569. Handbook available from Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Drilling technology |
American trial lawyer associations are non-profit, professional associations/organizations located throughout the United States. These organizations host attorney education events (such as continuing legal education classes), monitor relevant changes in the law, and advocate for greater access to the civil justice system.
National
American Association for Justice
Alabama
Alabama Association for Justice
Alaska
Alaska Association for Justice
Arizona
Arizona Association for Justice
Arkansas
Arkansas Trial Lawyers Association
California
Alameda-Contra Costa Trial Lawyers Association
Association of Business Trial Lawyers San Diego
Capitol City Trial Lawyers Association
Consumer Attorneys Association of Los Angeles
Consumer Attorneys of California
Consumer Attorneys of San Diego
Criminal Trial Lawyers Association of Northern California
Northern California Association of Business Trial Lawyers
Orange County Trial Lawyers Association
San Francisco Trial Lawyers Association
San Mateo County Trial Lawyers Association
Colorado
Colorado Trial Lawyers Association
Connecticut
Connecticut Trial Lawyers Association
Delaware
Delaware Trial Lawyers Association
District of Columbia
International Trade Commission Trial Lawyers Association
Trial Lawyers Association of Metro Washington D.C.
Florida
Association of Defense Trial Attorneys
Central Florida Trial Lawyers Association
Florida Justice Association
Miami-Dade Trial Lawyers Association Board
Palm Beach County Justice Association
Tampa Bay Trial Lawyers Association
Georgia
Georgia Trial Lawyers Association
Hawaii
Hawaii Association for Justice
Idaho
Idaho Trial Lawyers Association
Illinois
Illinois Trial Lawyers Association
Indiana
Indiana Trial Lawyers Association
Iowa
Iowa Association for Justice
Kansas
Kansas Association for Justice
Kentucky
Kentucky Justice Association
Louisiana
Louisiana Association for Justice
Maine
Maine Trial Lawyers Association
Maryland
Maryland Association for Justice
Massachusetts
Massachusetts Academy of Trial Attorneys
Michigan
Michigan Association for Justice
Minnesota
Minnesota Association for Justice
Mississippi
Mississippi Association for Justice
Missouri
Missouri Association of Trial Attorneys
Montana
Montana Defense Trial Lawyers Association
Montana Trial Lawyers Association
Nebraska
Nebraska Association of Trial Attorneys
Nevada
Nevada Justice Association
Western Trial Lawyers Association
New Hampshire
New Hampshire Association for Justice
New Jersey
New Jersey Association for Justice
New Mexico
New Mexico Trial Lawyers Association & Foundation
New York
NYS Academy of Trial Lawyers
New York State Trial Lawyers Association
North Carolina
North Carolina Advocates for Justice
North Dakota
North Dakota Association for Justice
Ohio
Ohio Association for Justice
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Association for Justice
Oregon
Oregon Trial Lawyers Association
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association for Justice
Philadelphia Trial Lawyers Association
Western Pennsylvania Trial Lawyers Association
Rhode Island
Rhode Island Association for Justice
South Carolina
South Carolina Association for Justice
South Carolina Defense Trial Attorneys Association
South Dakota
South Dakota Trial Lawyers Association
Tennessee
Tennessee Association for Justice
Texas
Capital Area Trial Lawyers Association
Dallas Trial Lawyers Association
Houston Trial Lawyers Association
San Antonio Trial Lawyers Association
Tarrant County Trial Lawyers Association
Texas Trial Lawyers Association
Utah
Utah Association for Justice
Vermont
Vermont Association for Justice
Virginia
Virginia Trial Lawyers Association
Washington
Washington State Association for Justice
West Virginia
West Virginia Association for Justice
Wisconsin
Wisconsin Association for Justice
Wyoming
Wyoming Trial Lawyers Association
References |
MacJournal is journaling and blogging software originally developed for Mac OS X. It is published by Dan Schimpf Software. MacJournal offers only basic text formatting and limited page layout features. MacJournal's audience includes diarists, bloggers and podcasters.
MacJournal supports online blog tools including: LiveJournal, Blogger, Movable Type and WordPress. It also contains powerful searching capabilities, allows keeping multiple nested journals. Includes password protection, AES-256 encryption and Palm (PDA) syncing.
MacJournal was written by Dan Schimpf and was awarded Best Mac OS X Student Product at the 2002 Apple Design Awards. It was initially distributed as Freeware, then made Shareware. In 2004 the project was purchased by Mariner Software, and Schimpf was hired to continue development.
In 2012, MacJournal was given an Editors' Choice Award by Macworld.
In early 2019, development and distribution of MacJournal was reverted from Mariner Software back to its original developer, Dan Schimpf. In March 2019, Dan Schimpf Software released version 7.0.0 of MacJournal as freeware. As of late 2022, Schimpf is continuing active development of MacJournal, releasing updates.
External links
ExpertReviews.co.uk review of MacJournal 4 (2006)
Macworld review of MacJournal 4 (2006)
Macworld review of MacJournal 6 (2012)
References
Blog software
MacOS Internet software
Blog client software
Apple Design Awards recipients |
Kiliaen or Killian (variations include Killiaen, Kilian, Kilean) van Rensselaer is the name of:
Kiliaen van Rensselaer (merchant) (c. 1590–c. 1640), Dutch diamond merchant and first patroon of Rensselaerswyck
Kiliaen van Rensselaer (fourth patroon) (born 1663), member of the New York General Assembly and fourth patroon of Rensselaerswyck
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer (fifth patroon) (1663–1719), fifth patroon of Rensselaerswyck
Kiliaen van Rensselaer (colonel) (1717–1781), colonel of the 4th Regiment, Albany County Militia
Killian K. Van Rensselaer (1763–1845), member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer (businessman) , Founder and CEO of Insurrection Media |
Pádraig Ó Caoimh (Patrick "Paddy" O'Keeffe) was an Irish soldier and long-time administrator of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). Páirc Uí Chaoimh, the home of the Cork GAA, is named after him.
Early life
Ó Caoimh was born in Roscommon in 1898.
He moved to Cork City at an early age; the 1911 census records him living at No. 13 East View Terrace on Quaker Road. He lived with his father (an RIC Pensioner and Draper), his brother and his three sisters. One of these siblings, or some other relatives, would later live in Ballynoe, near Castlelyons, in County Cork.
He was educated by the Christian Brothers in Cork and was an active member of the Gaelic Athletic Association.
After leaving school he trained as a Secondary School teacher at Saint Mary's College in London, returning to Cork to teach at Presentation Brothers College.
In 1916, when he was 18, he joined the Irish Volunteers.
In 1919, at the age of 21, Ó Caoimh gave up school teaching to become a full-time Volunteer officer and secretary of the Cork County Board, G.A.A.
Irish War of Independence
During the Irish War of Independence, Ó Caoimh served with A Company (University Company), 2nd Battalion, Cork No. 1 Brigade, IRA.
His organisational talents impressed his superiors and in 1920 he was given another appointment as manager of the Employment Bureau (established by the First Dáil).
In November 1920, Ó Caoimh and about twenty other A Company Volunteers received orders to collect their weapons from the company arms dump and report to their headquarters in UCC From there the men were sent to a Fire Brigade storage shed on O'Sullivan's Quay to await further orders. After some hours word came that the British Forces they had been mobilised to ambush had moved and at 18:45 they were ordered to set off home. Volunteer Michael O'Donoghue, "Now we made our way home to our 'digs' in twos and threes carrying our guns, keeping them with us until we were instructed to return them to the dump. I went south up Sullivan's Quay alone, crossed over Parliament Bridge and back via Prince's St. and Oliver Plunkett St. to my 'den' in 31 Grand Parade. Paddy O'Keeffe came a few yards behind me with Captain O'Sullivan ["a pal of O'Keeffe's"], O'Keefe dallied a minute to drop into Peg Duggan's new flower and fruit shop just at the Bridge. (Peg was senior officer of Cork Cumann na mBan, and had been working two years earlier in my old 'digs' (Fitzgerald's at 104 Old Georges St.)). It was a few minutes to seven. Curfew zero hour. O'Keeffe merged, Four or five tall men in civvies with levelled revolvers order him to put up his hands. O'Keeffe resourceful, yet not quite realising the position, delays a little asking'"What's up, lads?", half-thinking them to be fellow I.R.A. men. A gun rammed into his back with a curse bring home to him the awful truth that they are Auxiliaries and that he is in deadly peril. On searching him, they find a hand grenade. Almost at the same time, he Sees O'Sullivan some yards from him at the bridge, being disarmed. Now O'Keeffe realised that the 'Auxies' would likely shoot him on the spot. A flash of desperate Inspiration: "Here", he says to the 'Auxies', the District Inspector down at Union Quay knows all about this, Take me there and District Inspector so and so will explain my job to you". The bluff worked. P. O'Keeffe was playing for time – a respite. He felt that if he was brought to Union Quay Barracks, he would be safe at least from being murdered on the spot; that he might get a judicial trial first, or court-martial, which would take him out of the murderous hands of the bloodthirsty 'Auxies'. Arrived at Union Quay R.I.C. Barracks, O'Keeffe was recognised as a wanted I.R.A. man The 'Auxies' were enraged and wanted to kill him on the spot in the day-room of the barracks, but the R.I.C. saved him to stand his trial and die on the scaffold, as they thought. He was court-martialled and charged with possession of a bomb. Sentence: 15 years penal servitude served in Parkhurst and other English prisons. He was lucky to escape the death penalty and so was his comrade, O'Sullivan, who got twenty years penal."
Ó Caoimh was transferred to Parkhurst prison on the Isle of Wight at the start of 1921. There were over seven hundred men imprisoned there at the time; the authorities had decided to divide up the Irish Republican prisoners so they would each be housed with forty regular prisoners. Volunteer James Allen Busby "We refused to agree to this and barricaded our cells. For this some of our lads were taken to what were known as the 'silent cells'. These cells were underground. Crowe [Maurice Crow of Emly, County Tipperary (I.R.A. prisoner's Commandant)] applied to see the Governor of the prison and told him that we would tear the place down, brick by brick, if our lads were not released from the underground cells. We refused to associate with any convicts but our own lads, and when walking in circles on the exercise ground we arranged to break ranks and get together, whereupon the warders set upon us and rushed us to our cells. I remember on one occasion, for three weeks running we gave what we called our "concert party". When lights were out at night, we kept up a constant din, shouting and singing Irish songs. At periods the warders tried to undress us to give us a bath; we fought them on this and refused to go for a bath unless we went in a party with our own lads. We also threatened to go on strike against the fortnightly convicts' haircutting. Everything that was possible to do, we did, to upset prison discipline and force the authorities to treat us as a group apart from the other convicted prisoners. Eventually the warders themselves threatened to go on strike because of the trouble we were causing them. Finally, the Governor agreed to 'house' us in cells all on the one landing and, after consultation with Crowe, our commandant, allowed us to remain together and not associate with the other prisoners. The Reverend Father Dominic [O'Connor, "the patriot Franciscan"] wore prison garb and was detained in the hospital wing. His hair (or beard) was not cut and he was permitted to say Mass every day. Paddy O'Keeffe of Cork, the present General Secretary of the Gaelic Athletic, used serve Fr. Dominic's Mass."
Ó Caoimh was released the year after the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.
He took a position as manager of a Munster tobacco company and married a lady named Peig.
General Secretary of the GAA
In 1929, the position of General Secretary of the G.A.A. became vacant for the first time in almost 30 years. The Governing Body of the GAA, the Central Council, decided that applicants must be members of the Association for a minimum of five years, must be under 40 years of age, and would have to undergo a qualifying examination consisting of Irish (oral and written), English, arithmetic and book-keeping. The chosen candidate would act as both the Secretary of the GAA and the Manager of Croke Park; be paid a salary of £300 (rising in annual increments of £10 to a maximum of £400), and be provided with a free house and electric light.
There were a total of 11 applications for the post, only 9 of these attended the August 1929 examinations. After the examinations two rounds of votes were taken; on the final vote 31-year-old Padraig Ó Caoimh defeated F. Burke by 11 votes to 10. He resigned his positions at the Munster tobacco company and at the Cork County Board, and was appointed Secretary of the GAA.
Within three years of his appointment his renowned organisational skills were put to the test. In 1932 Croke Park hosted both the Tailteann Games and the Eucharistic Congress. The Eucharistic Congress in particular required a great deal of organisation with Ó Caoimh responsible for up to 2,000 stewards.
By far the most controversial episode in Ó Caoimh's 35-year career was the removal of Douglas Hyde, President of Ireland, as a Patron of the Association in 1938. Hyde broke the GAA's ban on "foreign games" by attending an international soccer match in Dublin. The question raised by Éamon de Valera in 1946 was whether Ó Caoimh should have warned Hyde on the implications of attending a soccer match and thus allowing Hyde to retire quietly as a Patron.
One of Ó Caoimh's key achievements was the staging of the 1947 All-Ireland Senior Football Final in the Polo Grounds, New York. One has to remember that in 1947 Europe, and America, were still recovering from World War II, air travel was still relatively novel and communications were still primitive. In the space of five months Ó Caoimh oversaw the transfer of the All-Ireland Final to America and its radio broadcast back to Ireland.
While the Polo Grounds Final achieved its ultimate aim of rejuvenating the Association in America, Ó Caoimh, for the rest of his tenure, had to spend a disproportionately high amount of his time organising the GAA in America. The post-1947 relationship between the GAA in Ireland and the GAA in New York was, at times, fragile. A number of experiments were tried such as the St. Brendan Cup Competition, the inclusion of New York in the National League Finals and the initiation of a World Championship Series. Yet there was a constant degree of disharmony either within the American GAA itself or between Ireland and America. Ó Caoimh patiently and diplomatically sought, and tested, solutions that would placate both parties.
One lasting legacy of the Ó Caoimh era that is still evident today is the drive he initiated to have a GAA-owned pitch in every parish. In 1957 a Parks Committee (Coiste na bPáirc) was formed to advise on a unified plan for the development of grounds. From this Parks Committee came the 'Grounds Plan' which saw grounds being purchased and refurbished, with grants from the Central Council, on a phased basis i.e. Provincial Grounds in phase one of the plan, County Grounds in phase two etc. In paying tribute to O'Caoimh after his death Alf Ó Muiri, President of the Association, stated that "in 1929 there were 1,500 clubs, in 1963 there were more than 3,000…the number of grounds owned in 1929 must have been very few, there are now close on 400 grounds owned and properly vested in the Association".
Ó Caoimh continued to work through a long period of poor health (he underwent four major operations between 1944 and 1963) and the Central Council acted to reduce his workload and employed new staff, including his successor-to-be Seán Ó Síocháin.
Ó Caoimh died in May 1964 (aged 66), a few months before completing 35 years as Secretary of the GAA. An obituary in ''The Irish Times' stated that "under his administrative genius the GAA became by far the strongest sports organisation in the country and reputedly the biggest amateur association of its kind in the world. During his term of office, its membership grew to the huge proportions of today, including powerful branches in the United States, Britain, Australia and Africa; imposing stadia, of which Croke Park was his special care. Without his ability to co-ordinate plan and inspire, only a fraction of this extraordinary progress could have been achieved."
Páirc Uí Chaoimh
In 1974, a new home for Cork Gaelic games was built in Ballintemple, Cork. The stadium, a modern bowl-shaped ground with a covered stand, an open-air stand and two terraces behind each goalpost, had a capacity of 50,000 when it was opened and was the first to be custom-built from scratch by the G.A.A. The new stadium was named in Páirc Uí Chaoimh in honour of Pádraig Ó Caoimh.
In 2015, the forty-year-old stadium was demolished and a new stadium was built on the same site, which opened in 2017. The new stadium retains the name Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
References
1897 births
1964 deaths
Gaelic games administrators
Sportspeople from County Roscommon
Sportspeople from County Cork |
Americans Elect was a political organization in the United States known primarily for its efforts to stage a national online primary for the 2012 US Presidential Election. Although it was successful in obtaining signatures to get on the ballot in a majority of states, the process set up by the organization did not select a candidate.
History
Incorporated on April 6, 2010, by Peter Ackerman and Kahlil Byrd, Americans Elect began recruiting delegates for its 2012 Presidential Primary in July 2011. Americans Elect was scheduled to host a national online primary in two phases, ending with a convention in June 2012. The resulting ticket, chosen by Americans Elect users, would have been listed on the ballot nationwide under the Americans Elect line. The organization had an open membership, which allowed any U.S. voter to draft and support his or her candidate of choice. The drafting began on February 1, 2012, and, in the first few hours, the 360,000 delegates began draft efforts for 52 possible candidates including Michael Bloomberg, Warren Buffett, Hillary Clinton, Rahm Emanuel, Jon Huntsman, Ron Paul, Condoleezza Rice, and Buddy Roemer. Americans Elect was open to candidates from any party, as well as independents. Presidential candidates would have been required to choose a vice presidential running mate from a party different from their own to ensure a balanced ticket.
In order to obtain ballot access nationwide, some states' guidelines required Americans Elect to register as a political party. For the 2012 elections, Americans Elect succeeded in ballot access status in 29 states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin and Wyoming.
Any U.S. citizen thought to be constitutionally eligible was eligible to be drafted as a candidate. Americans Elect participants, referred to as delegates, could also propose and vote on the Platform of Questions, a list of questions that all candidates would have to answer before the June phase of the primary. Prior to delegate voting, the positions of various potential candidates on the Platform of Questions were inferred, using voting records and public statements compiled by OnTheIssues.org, and posted on the website.
Candidates, whether drafted or self-declared, were required to receive a minimum number of clicks of support from verified delegates to advance to the American Elect online primary ballot. Candidates who had served in any of the following positions, without having been removed from office or under current criminal indictment or conviction, needed 1,000 support clicks from each of ten states to qualify: Vice President, United States Senator, member of Congress, Presidential Cabinet member, head of a Federal agency, governor, mayor of any of the largest 100 cities in the United States, chairman or chief executive officer or president of a corporation, nonprofit corporation, or philanthropic organization with 1,000 or more employees, president of a national labor union with 100,000 or more members, military officer who has attained flag rank, ambassador, or president of an American-based university with 4,000 or more students.
All other candidates required 5,000 support clicks from each of ten states to qualify for the primary ballot.
The first phase of voting was intended to identify the six most popular certified candidates through three rounds of online balloting. The organization announced that it would hold a series of three primary ballots to narrow down its field of candidates on May 8th, 15th, and 22nd of 2012. The six finalists were expected to advance to the second phase of the primary, after agreeing to the Americans Elect rules and selecting a Vice-Presidential running mate. Americans Elect planned to choose its final candidate in June 2012 through an Internet-based convention, a process open to all voters, regardless of party affiliation. The intent was to provide a more open nominating process, resulting in better choices during the election.
However, on May 1, 2012, the first primary ballot (which had been scheduled for May 8) was cancelled, because no candidate had garnered sufficient support clicks to qualify for the ballot. Voting was then rescheduled to begin on May 15, 2012. However, with no candidate qualifying for the ballot to be held on that date, the primary was pushed off again. On May 17, the organization issued a statement that it was ending its nomination process because no candidate had achieved the required amount of support to qualify for its primary ballot.
In July 2012, the remaining board members decided to officially end Americans Elect's presidential efforts and withdrew its name from most state ballots.
The Americans Elect website is still accessible but has not been updated since 2012.
Americans Elect made no attempt to revive its process for the 2016 presidential election, despite widespread dissatisfaction with the two major parties and the lack of an incumbent running for reelection. Its founders, through an organization called "Level The Playing Field", focused on efforts to get independent and third-party candidates access to the 2016 general election debates.
Candidates in 2012 and 2014
In Arizona, several candidates ran under the Americans Elect Party banner in 2012 and 2014. In 2012, Richard Grayson and Stephen Dolgos ran on an Americans Elect ticket in Arizona's 4th and 8th Congressional Districts, respectively.
In 2014, Rebecca DeWitt and Stephen Dolgos ran as Americans Elect candidates in the general election in Arizona's 7th and 8th Congressional Districts, respectively, and John Lewis Mealer was the Americans Elect party candidate for Arizona Governor. In addition, in 2014, Kelly Gneiting ran for the State Senate in Legislative District 7, and Suzie Easter ran for the State House of Representatives in Legislative District 22.
Also in 2014, Alan Reynolds ran for California Lieutenant Governor in California's June 3, 2014 direct primary election as a candidate of the Americans Elect Party. He received 56,027 votes, or 1.3% of the total.
Americans Elect also ran television ads supporting the U.S. Senate campaign of former Maine governor, Angus King.
People
Americans Elect was formed by many of the individuals who were responsible for a previous attempt to nominate an Internet candidate, Unity08, and it had substantially identical goals for the 2012 presidential election cycle. Americans Elect's founder and Chairman was financier Peter Ackerman. Kahlil Byrd was the former CEO; he subsequently became the president of StudentsFirst by January 2013. Other members of the Board of Directors included Eliot Cutler, Dennis Blair, Stephen W. Bosworth, Irvine Hockaday, Christine Todd Whitman, and Joshua S. Levine. The Board of Advisors included notable names such as Greg Orman, Mark McKinnon & John Negroponte, among others.
Reception and impact
Although it had a minor impact on the election, columnist Thomas Friedman initially saw promise in the organization, writing "Americans Elect. What Amazon.com did to books, what the blogosphere did to newspapers, what the iPod did to music, what drugstore.com did to pharmacies, Americans Elect plans to do to the two-party duopoly that has dominated American political life—remove the barriers to real competition, flatten the incumbents and let the people in." Some commentators discussed the possibility of Americans Elect producing a spoiler candidate. Columnist Harold Meyerson predicted that an Americans Elect candidate "could well replicate the signally dubious achievement of Ralph Nader in the 2000 election: Throwing the election to one of the two major-party nominees who otherwise would not have won."
The group was criticized for failure to fully disclose its funding. The group was originally organized as a political organization and at that time tax documents show that Peter Ackerman, father of the Chief Operating Officer Elliot Ackerman, had contributed $1.55 million. In 2011, it changed its designation to a 501(c)4 social welfare group. Americans Elect claimed that none of its funding came from special interests, lobbyists, corporations or other groups. The group changed its bylaws in 2012 to provide that the wealthy donors who had lent the organization its initial funds would be repaid from donations to the organization.
At the conclusion of the campaign, Garrett Quinn of Boston.com wrote, "This $35 million operation was doomed to fail from the beginning. How can you run a serious political organization aimed at winning elections without any kind of guiding ideology or real local organization? You can't. These guys, like so many compassless folks in politics, seriously misread the American electorate and recent third party history. Third parties do not work without a guiding ideology, be it left, right, libertarian, statist, whatever. These guys stood for something a thousand times worse than the bitter hyperpartisanship they whined about: a wish-washy just do something attitude towards governance rooted in the pipe dreams of 'radical centrists.'" At least one candidate was also critical of the long, complex, and unreliable verification process for delegates.
References
External links
AE Transparency blog
Political organizations based in the United States
Centrist political advocacy groups in the United States
2011 establishments in the United States
2012 United States presidential election
501(c)(4) nonprofit organizations |
Kelwood is a community in the Rural Municipality of Rosedale, Manitoba, Canada.
It has a gas station/restaurant right on the highway called the Barn, there’s an antique store, and a cafe downtown. There is also the Kelwood legion for the after work crowd. It is north of Neepawa and is home to the Harvest Sun Music Fest.
References
Unincorporated communities in Westman Region |
Gulliver's Travels is a 1977 British-Belgian film based on the 1726 novel of the same name by Jonathan Swift. It mixed live action and animation, and starred Richard Harris in the title role.
Plot
The opening sequence in live action shows Gulliver announcing his intention to go to sea as a ship's surgeon, followed by scenes of a shipwreck. The remainder of the film has Harris on Lilliput and Blefuscu, with the tiny inhabitants created by animation.
The film ends with a cliffhanger: Having escaped by boat from Lilliput, Gulliver encounters one of the giant inhabitants of Brobdingnag, but there is nothing more about his adventures there or in the other lands mentioned in the novel.
Cast
Richard Harris as Gulliver
Catherine Schell as Mary
Norman Shelley as Father
Meredith Edwards as Uncle
Voice cast
Michael Bates
Denise Bryer
Julian Glover
Stephen Jack
Bessie Love
Murray Melvin
Nancy Nevinson
David Prowse (uncredited)
Robert Rietti
Norman Shelley
Vladek Sheybal
Roger Snowden
Bernard Spear
Graham Stark
Production
The film was not consistently funded during its production, which was noted by some reviewers who consider this production to be "low-budget".
Animation sequences were produced by Belvision
Reception
In comparison to other adaptations of the source material, this film is not well-received. In the words of one reviewer, "the film falls flat."
References
External links
1977 films
1970s fantasy adventure films
1970s musical fantasy films
1970s science fiction films
Belgian animated films
British animated feature films
English-language Belgian films
Films based on Gulliver's Travels
Films directed by Peter R. Hunt
Films scored by Michel Legrand
Films with live action and animation
Films set in the 1690s
1970s English-language films
1970s British films |
Carlesia sinensis is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae and is the only member of the genus Carlesia. It is endemic to eastern China.
Description
The species can grow anywhere from tall. Its taproots are thick. The leaves are in size and their ultimate segments are linear with dimensions of . The upper leaves are reduced in size and are 3-parted. The umbels (clusters of flowers) measure in width and their umbellules are many-flowered. The peduncles (main stalks of the inflorescence) measure . The rays normally number 7-12 but can be as numerous as 20 and measure in length. The bracts have dimensions of by and the bracteoles are long. The pedicels are long. The sepals measure . The fruits measure around .
The species flowers and fruits from July–September.
References
Endemic flora of China
Apioideae
Plants described in 1902 |
The Computer Originated World (COW) was the method of creating the BBC1 symbol that was used between 18 February 1985 and 16 February 1991. It was later used by the international, commercial television service BBC World Service Television from its launch until 26 January 1995.
BBC1
Launch
The Computer Originated World replaced the previous Noddy globe symbols at 7 pm on 18 February 1985. Unusually, the new look was unveiled whilst the channel was still on the air rather than waiting for the following morning to launch it. The globe was created by the BBC graphics and BBC computer departments and work began in 1983. The need to replace the Noddy globes came about as the globes were the only mechanically produced idents around on national television, as more and more television companies started to use computer graphics, made popular by the launch of Channel 4. The COW was originally planned to launch on 1 January 1985, but Michael Grade, then controller of BBC1, delayed the launch to coincide with a larger schedule change that accompanied the launch of the soap opera EastEnders, and updated and renewed weather graphics. This launch was hoped to reinvent BBC1 following ratings slide and ever increasing competition from their commercial rivals at ITV.
The globe itself launched at 7 pm on 18 February, introducing one of the new flagship programmes: Wogan, a chat show hosted by Terry Wogan and featuring a variety of guests. The old Noddy globe had been used throughout the day until the 7 pm launch.
Components of look
The Computer Originated World itself is a semi-transparent blue globe with golden continents and gold "BBC1" legend located below the globe in a font similar to that used in the early days of the BBC. The globe revolved at a steady pace throughout, and had the effect of a spotlight added to the surface. The continents were placed in such a way that the continents appeared to float on the water. The caption had the option of displaying the legend 'Ceefax 170' and later 'Ceefax 888' in reference to the subtitles available with the programme. Regional variations also included a legend with the region name, also in gold, below the BBC1 legend. The globe was generated when needed by the computer programme located in a metal box. This box had switches on the front that could turn the BBC1 caption, regional caption and subtitles caption on and off, as these elements were added later. These generators were delivered to all 11 regions and installed before Christmas 1984. Originally it was planned to be launched on 1 January 1985, but the launch was deferred to coincide with radical changes to the BBC1 schedule.
The look also featured an altered clock face to that used previously. This clock was once again electronic, but was changed to a black background, blue counters and gold hands to match the ident. The updated BBC1 legend also featured below the clock. The nations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, as well as BBC Midlands, did receive their own variations of the clock, however it is not believed that any other English regions received their own variations. The network BBC One clock did not have a centre dot; this was never rectified throughout the run of the clock due to an oversight, however the dot was present on regional variations.
The new look also marked a change in programme slide design. These new slides featured the BBC1 legend upright and sideways in a black sidebar to the left of the screen. The remainder of the screen featured a picture of the programme and the programme name located at the bottom. However, the programme slides were still optically developed. This was changed in September 1988 when the introduction of Quantel Paintbox allowed captions to be created digitally. The design was altered slightly with the BBC1 legend made more textured, slightly smaller and moved to the bottom of the screen. The font was also changed to Optima, with text remaining in the same position. All this would now be located over the image rather than separate from it.
Promotions were not uniform, but were based on a seasonal scheme before being replaced. The promotions usually didn't contain any channel branding but would occasionally feature parts of the BBC1 legend in the design.
Christmas idents
During Christmas times, the '1' and the globe was altered into a variety of guises. One was made for each year the ident was in existence, None were used by BBC Scotland, instead using their own idents.
Regional Idents
Technical details
Hardware
The COW was generated by a black box containing several circuit boards. Each board carried one layer of the animation - the BBC1 logo, blue background etc., with switches to input various captions when needed. Their output had an aspect ratio of 5:4 and was cropped for transmission to 4:3. It first appeared at 7 p.m. on Monday 18 February.
The digital standard used is that specified by the EBU for a digital parallel interface. While the device has only analogue outputs, to suit present installations, the EBU specification defines the required sampling rates and levels for luminance and chrominance. A further advantage is that the Quantel Paintbox handles data in a form quite close, but not identical, to this format.
To produce the overall effect two full frame-stores are used. One is the foreground store which holds the highlighted gold shell, and the other is the background store for the shaded blue disc and the captions. These stores hold only a single frame, and there is no restriction on their content. They are full colour and can display any picture produced by the Quantel Paintbox. These stores are generally known as the 'fixed' memory.
The memory structure is similar to that used for the recently introduced digital Test Card F generator, but each card can hold more data, and can be a part of a larger data-base. The EPROMs used are 27128 16 kbyte devices, although the memory card can take 27256 and even 27512 devices as, and when, they become available. When fully populated with 27128s each card holds 0.5 Mbytes. The EPROMs in question contain 20 000 pixels of map data pre-rendered as frames of animation. Each card has on its side a yellow LED that lights up when that card is in use.
The controller unit has a 24-bit sequence address bus giving access to 16 Mbytes, but the equipment has space for only 7.5 Mbytes, and is fitted for 5 Mbytes. The controller also addresses the fixed memory through a 19-bit address bus. This memory uses identical cards to the sequence memory and four are in parallel. A result of this is that the customising for each region affects only the data on two cards in the system. In fact, since only the caption is different for each, only 16 EPROMs are specialised.
The controller also decodes the sequence data from its highly compressed format into a usable 13.5 MHz data stream, and distributes timing information to the rest of the system. Timing control is useful, since it can eliminate the need for external synchronising. This equipment's output can be varied from over 6µs early to over 3µs late relative to the mixed syncs input reference. Digital multipliers are used to key the map onto the foreground and background data streams. These are full 8 x 8 bit devices, and correct scaling is incorporated to ensure unity gain where necessary. The two keys are processed to prevent any excess amplitude after combining.
The two data streams are added digitally, before being blanked. Normally digital blanking needs to be shaped to conform to PAL system I, but since all the signals are generated internally, correct shaping is naturally included within the data. (In any case the start and end of all lines are black.)
A new, triple-video, analogue-to- digital converter has been designed to provide the YUV outputs and an analogue matrix used for two sets of RGB outputs. Both these units employ close tolerance components to minimise drift, and hence regular alignment. A test waveform is included within the system for checking output levels and matrix accuracy.
The system also includes a large power supplier, based on a commercial unit, and a BBC designed clock generator which is common with other digital equipments.
The main store of the system is known as the 'sequence' memory. This holds the data for the map of the world for each of the 600 fields that are displayed. This data is compressed by a coding system which combines the benefits of traditional run-length coding, with the advantages of pixel definitions. There is physical space for up to 7.5 Mbytes of memory, although the addressing can access up to 16 Mbytes. For this application a field of data is stored in less than 8 kbytes of memory space, as opposed to over 400 kbytes for a full field store.
To the right of these cards are five unused slots and to the right of those is a card with a red handle, which is the processor card. The player can be made to display variants of images by changing some switch settings on the processor card.
Software
The starting point for the sequence data was a purchased data-base of a Mercator's projection map of the world. This was edited by Computer Graphics to remove all political boundaries, and transferred from their VAX-11 computer into the Quantel Paintbox. This was used for a 2:1 size reduction which incorporated the anti-aliasing algorithms. The data was then transferred back to the VAX for encoding into the Designs Department data compression format.
The two sets of fixed data, the gold shell for the foreground and the blue disc with caption for the background, were 'drawn' on the Paintbox. This data is properly anti-aliased at source and was also transferred to their VAX-11. Further processing ensures that no degradation occurs.
Both the fixed and sequence data was transferred from Computer Graphics to Design Department on magnetic tape, using the internal post. This proved to be an extremely efficient method of data interchange, far exceeding the earlier methods of paper tape and floppy disks.
BBC World Service Television
Components of look
Upon the launch of BBC World Service Television on 11 March 1991 to replace BBC TV Europe, the channel reused the COW symbol. Technically, the globe itself remained the same with changes made only to presentational style and the caption below the globe and the whole look being brought into line with corporate branding at the time.
The ident itself was modified with the caption beneath showing a BBC corporate logo, with the slanted legend 'World Service Television' beneath, in the same style as used for regional variations of the BBC1 ident at the time. No clock accompanied the look, due to the various time zones used around the world, with serious or news programming being introduced by the globe.
Presentational style mirrored by that used on BBC1 and 2 at the time, and featured a static globe, positioned with Britain, Europe and Africa in view, with BBC logo beneath located in the top left corner of the screen. The logo was present throughout the presentation. Static captions also featured this globe symbol in the top left corner, located in a sidebar of generic lines, with programme title overlaid the image at the bottom of the screen. The station was also unusual, in the fact that it had a static, opaque permanent digital on-screen graphic (DOG) of the BBC logo in the top right corner of the screen.
The look appears to have been dropped on 26 January 1995.
Replacement
The look on BBC World Service Television was dropped in favour of a look consisting entirely of real and simulated flags on the screen, with a single large BBC logo in centre screen. This was to emphasise the role that news played on the channel, and to associate itself more closely as a news channel, rather than BBC1. This is primarily evident, as the look was reused for that purpose upon the channel's split into BBC World, as well as the original BBC Arabic Television.
See also
Noddy (camera)
BBC One "Virtual Globe" ident
BBC World Service Television
References
External links
A full, technical account of how the COW was brought to life
BBC One 'COW Globe' Ident at TV Ark
An extremely technical account of how the COW worked, BBC Engineering
YouTube video featuring the World Service TV variation
YouTube video featuring WSTV continuity
BBC One
BBC station identifications
Television presentation in the United Kingdom
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
1985 in British television
Symbols introduced in 1985
British inventions |
William Robinson (5 August 1880 – 2 February 1967) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Robinson grew up in Brighton and played his early football for Footscray in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), from 1898 to 1900. He was one of four brothers to play in the VFL, all but one of them with him at Essendon. Having joined Essendon in 1901, Robinson missed just one game all season and was a ruckman in their premiership team. His performances during the premiership campaign saw him selected to represent the league in an interstate match against South Australia. He participated in another Grand Final a year later but ended up on the losing side.
After spending the 1903 season in the Metropolitan Association. He returned to Essendon in 1904 and was club captain in 1905, when they finished fourth. His VFL career ended in 1906 when he walked out on the club on following a dispute over Fred Hiskins.
From 1908 to 1911, Robinson played VFA football with Brighton. He then joined his brother Alex in Western Australia's Goldfields Football League.
References
1880 births
1967 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Australian Rules footballers: place kick exponents
Essendon Football Club players
Essendon Football Club premiership players
Footscray Football Club (VFA) players
Brighton Football Club players
Kalgoorlie City Football Club players
VFL/AFL premiership players
People from Brighton, Victoria |
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``` |
This is a following list for the MTV Movie Award winners for Best New Filmmaker. This award was last given out in 2002.
Winners
References
External links
The MTV Movie Award for Best New Filmmaker article
MTV Movie & TV Awards
Awards established in 1992
Awards disestablished in 2002 |
Erika Prado is an American women's soccer midfielder of Mexican descent, And had played for Energiya Voronezh in the Russian Championship.
She previously played in W-League's Pali Blues and FC Indiana.
References
1984 births
Living people
American women's soccer players
Pali Blues players
USL W-League (1995–2015) players
Women's association football midfielders
Pasadena City College alumni
California State University, Los Angeles alumni
F.C. Indiana players
FC Energy Voronezh players
Expatriate women's footballers in Russia
American expatriate sportspeople in Russia
21st-century American women |
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