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On October 31, 2017, Sayfullo Habibullaevic Saipov drove a rented pickup truck into cyclists and runners for about of the Hudson River Park's bike path alongside West Street from Houston Street south to Chambers Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The vehicle-ramming attack killed eight people, six of whom were foreign tourists, and injured eleven others.
After crashing the truck into a school bus, Saipov exited, apparently wielding two guns (later found to be a paintball gun and a pellet gun). He was shot in the abdomen by a policeman and arrested. A flag and a document indicating allegiance to the terrorist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) were found in the truck.
A federal grand jury indicted 29-year-old Saipov, who had immigrated to the United States from Uzbekistan in 2010, with eight murders in the aid of racketeering, twelve attempted murders in the aid of racketeering, destruction of a motor vehicle and providing material support for a terrorist organization. This was the second terrorist attack allegedly committed by a winner of the Diversity Immigrant Visa lottery following the 2002 Los Angeles International Airport shooting. After the attack, anti-vehicle bollards were installed on the Hudson River Park bike path.
Attack
At 2:06 p.m. EDT On October 31, 2017, a man rented a pickup truck at a Home Depot in Passaic, New Jersey. At 2:43 p.m., he crossed the George Washington Bridge and entered Manhattan, proceeding south down the West Side Highway. At 3:04 p.m. at Houston Street near Pier 40, he swerved into the Hudson River Greenway, a protected bike lane of Hudson River Park that runs parallel to West Street. The man ran over people in the bike lane, mainly cyclists, killing eight and injuring seven others along a stretch.
The driver's truck crashed into a school bus that was transporting students with special needs. Four people on the bus were injured. The truck stopped near the corner of Chambers Street and West Street, close to Stuyvesant High School. The driver exited the truck and ran, zigzagging, while brandishing weapons that were later found to be a paintball gun and a pellet gun. Police said he shouted "Allahu Akbar" as he stepped out of the vehicle. He was shot in the abdomen by New York City Police Department officer Ryan Nash, taken into custody, and transported to Bellevue Hospital for medical care.
It was the fifteenth vehicular attack in North America and Europe by jihadist terrorists since 2014, according to New America, a nonpartisan research institution. To date, these attacks had killed a total of 142 people. The incident was considered the deadliest terrorist attack in New York City since the September 11 attacks of 2001.
Victims
Eight people were killed in the attack, which injured another twelve, including the suspect and two children. Two of the dead were Americans: Darren Drake, a 32-year-old man from New Milford, New Jersey, and Nicholas Cleves, a 23-year-old man from Manhattan. The other six were foreign nationals; five tourists were from Argentina, and the sixth was from Belgium. The five Argentine victims (Diego Enrique Angelini, Ariel Erlij, Hernan Ferruchi, Hernan Diego Mendoza and Alejandro Damian Pagrucco) were all aged 47 or 48. They had been part of a group of ten former classmates at San Martín Polytechnic, a high school in the city of Rosario, Argentina, celebrating their 30th graduation anniversary to fulfill a promise made to each other when they graduated. The Belgian victim was Ann-Laure Decadt, a 31-year-old mother of two from Staden on vacation in New York City.
A sixth member of the Argentine group was hospitalized at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. Two other Belgians were in critical condition. One surviving victim required the amputation of two limbs.
Perpetrator
The perpetrator, 29-year-old Sayfullo Habibullaevic Saipov, was born in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, then a part of the Soviet Union, on February 8, 1988, and lived most of his life in the districts of Beltepa and Uchtepa. Saipov was the eldest of four children and his parents' only son. In 2005, he graduated from a professional college and studied at the Tashkent Financial Institute from 2005 to 2009, before working as an accountant.
Saipov entered the United States under a Diversity Immigrant Visa in 2010 and is a permanent ("green card") resident in the U.S. He resided in Stow, Ohio, before moving to Tampa, Florida, and then Paterson, New Jersey. He worked in New Jersey as an Uber driver for six months. Public records show he held a commercial truck license. Acquaintances said Saipov had a bad temper that cost him driving jobs. He was issued traffic citations in Maryland in 2011, in Pennsylvania in 2012 and 2015 and in Missouri in 2016, where records showed he was driving a tractor-trailer. In 2015, federal agents interviewed Saipov about his contacts with two suspected terrorists, but a case was not opened against him.
An acquaintance of Saipov since 2010 described him as a "little aggressive", and not very religious when he arrived in the U.S. A friend in Ohio said he was prone to getting into fights and misunderstandings. An imam at the mosque Saipov attended in Tampa said Saipov was devoted to outward observances of Islam and was very critical of American policies regarding Israel. In Paterson, Saipov lived behind and regularly prayed at a local mosque, Masjid Omar (which had been a subject of surveillance by an NYPD dragnet surveillance program on Muslims), during the three months preceding the attack.
One of Saipov's sisters in Uzbekistan, who was in regular contact with him, said he had recently expressed a desire to return to his home country, but that he never had any grievances against the U.S. She also said their mother visited Saipov twice, with the second visit occurring earlier that year, and never noticed any signs of radicalization from him.
ISIL influence
Early reports suggested Saipov was "self-radicalized". John Miller, the deputy commissioner of the New York Police Department, said Saipov did it in the name of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), a jihadist militant group fighting in the Iraqi and Syrian civil wars, and appeared to have followed "almost exactly to a T" the group's advice on social media on how to carry out vehicular attacks. The ISIL flag and a document indicating allegiance to ISIL were found in the truck. White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said the Trump administration considers him an "enemy combatant."
While in custody, Saipov waived his Miranda rights and told police he deliberately chose Halloween to commit the attack and had made a test drive near the route, renting a truck on October 22 for that purpose. According to a criminal complaint, he thought there would be more civilians on the street then, and had been planning the attack for about a year. It said he was particularly motivated after watching a video of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi questioning the American Muslim response to Muslims killed in Iraq. Investigators found other ISIL images and videos on his electronic devices. He requested to display the ISIL flag in his hospital room and, according to the complaint, "stated that he felt good about what he had done."
Legal proceedings
On November 1, 2017, federal prosecutors charged Saipov with providing material support for terrorism that has caused at least one death. He did not enter a plea during his appearance in federal court. The charges were supplemented on November 21 to include eight counts of murder in aid of racketeering, twelve counts of attempted murder in aid of racketeering, one count of providing material support for terrorism, and one count of violence and destruction of a motor vehicle resulting in death. On November 28 he pleaded not guilty to all charges of murder and terrorism. On January 17, 2018, in a letter to Judge Vernon Broderick, the defense said Saipov would plead guilty to all counts and serve life in prison if the death penalty option was made unavailable. Broderick later scheduled Saipov's trial for October 7, 2019.
Jury selection began in October 2022, and Saipov was found guilty on all murder charges on January 26, 2023. On February 14, 2023, the sentencing phase began for Saipov, with the prosecution seeking the death penalty in his case. The jury was unable to agree on the death penalty for any of the charges against Saipov. Saipov was sentenced to eight consecutive life without parole terms plus two concurrent life terms plus 260 years on May 17, 2023. He is currently incarcerated at USP - Florence High.
Aftermath
Stuyvesant High School, PS 89 Liberty School, and IS 289 Hudson River Middle School were placed in lockdown after reports that shots were heard nearby, for up to three hours following the incident. Several nearby streets were closed to the public, including West, Chambers and Murray Streets, to conduct an investigation, causing traffic jams throughout lower Manhattan. Vehicle and pedestrian activity resumed when the truck was towed the day after the attack.
President Donald Trump ordered the Department of Homeland Security to "step up" its "Extreme Vetting Program". On Twitter, he called for Saipov to be executed, and initially stated that he wanted Saipov to be detained at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. This prompted pleas from Saipov's sister to not execute him immediately and to give him "time" and a "fair trial". Trump later retracted the latter statement and said Saipov would be tried in New York criminal court instead. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio called the attack a "particularly cowardly act of terror". New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo said, "New York is an international symbol of freedom and democracy. We are proud of it, that also makes us a target." He also directed One World Trade Center's spire to be lit up in red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag, to memorialize the victims of the attacks.
This was the second terrorist attack allegedly committed by a winner of the Diversity Immigrant Visa lottery, following the 2002 Los Angeles International Airport shooting committed by Hesham Mohamed Hadayet, an Egyptian. Trump called for the termination of the Diversity Immigrant Visa lottery program. He then ordered the Department of Homeland Security to "step up" the DHS's already extreme vetting policy. He cast blame on Chuck Schumer, a Democratic Party senator representing New York, sarcastically calling the lottery scheme "a Chuck Schumer beauty". The program was part of an immigration bill that passed both chambers of Congress with bipartisan support, followed by Republican President George H. W. Bush signing the bill into law in 1990. Schumer introduced a House Bill that helped to create the program. Schumer responded to Trump's attack, saying, "I guess it's not too soon to politicize a tragedy." He also accused Trump of dividing the country and of wanting to cut anti-terrorism funding in budget proposals. Republican Senator Jeff Flake of Arizona defended Schumer, saying the proposals of the bipartisan Gang of Eight, including him and Schumer, would have eliminated the Diversity Visa Lottery.
After the attack, several media sources wrote about how easy it was to drive down Hudson River Park's bike lane, either by accident or on purpose. Transportation Alternatives had pushed for safety bollards ever since two vehicular incidents resulting in fatalities had occurred on the bike path in 2006, but the city ignored safety concerns and made only aesthetic fixes to the path. City and state officials also started working on a way to improve the bike lane's safety measures, and two days after the attack, the city started placing temporary concrete barriers on the path. The temporary barriers were installed by November 3 and were replaced with permanent barriers in 2019.
ISIL accepted responsibility for the attack in issue #104 of its newsletter, al-Naba, and called Saipov a "soldier of the Caliphate" who responded to its call to attack "citizens of the Crusader countries involved in the alliance against the Islamic State."
Less than four hours after the incident, the massive New York's Village Halloween Parade, which started six blocks east of the incident at Sixth Avenue, proceeded as scheduled. Both Mayor De Blasio and Governor Cuomo marched in the parade.
On November 6, a week after the attack, Argentine President Mauricio Macri and his wife Juliana Awada placed flowers at the Chambers Street site and met with Argentine survivors of the attack.
See also
2017 in the United States
List of terrorist incidents in 2017
List of terrorist incidents in New York City
References
Truck attack
2017 road incidents
2010s in Manhattan
2010s road incidents in North America
2010s vehicular rampage
21st-century mass murder in the United States
Crimes in Manhattan
Hudson River Park
2017 truck attack
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2017
Mass murder in 2017
2017 truck attack
October 2017 crimes in the United States
2017 truck attack
Terrorist incidents in the United States in 2017
Tribeca
Vehicular rampage in the United States
West Side Highway |
The Kenmare Incident, as it came to be known, was an attack in 1923 by senior Irish Army officers on two young women in their own home in Kenmare, County Kerry, Ireland. Two investigations were undertaken, one by the Garda Síochána and one by a Dublin Military Court of Inquiry. Both recommended court proceedings. After the intervention of the Minister for Defence, Richard Mulcahy and the President of the Executive Council (prime minister) W. T. Cosgrave, neither was acted upon.
Initial events
The Judge Advocate General Cahir Davitt was called in June 1923 to see a very irritated Adjutant General Gearóid O'Sullivan. He was handed a file, with O'Sullivan saying, "This is the worst yet." It contained details of an attack by Dublin Guard officers on young women.
In the file, it was alleged that three Dublin Guard officers went to the home of Dr. Randall McCarthy in Kenmare, County Kerry. They pulled his two daughters from their beds into the garden, used their Sam Browne belts to beat them and doused their hair with dirty motor oil or cart grease. The act was, apparently, a reprisal.
Civic guards investigated and found the officers to be from Kerry Command, based at Ballymullen Barracks, Tralee. One of the accused officers was the GOC of Kerry Command, Paddy O'Daly (also known as Paddy Daly), a former member of Michael Collins's Squad. A revolver found in the garden was declared as his. O'Daly later blamed the victims and said they had consorted with British Army officers before the Truce, which was by then two years gone, and that one had 'jilted' an Irish Army officer.
When asked his opinion on the file, Davitt said it called for disciplinary action. O'Sullivan baulked at that by saying that he did not believe the report and cited O'Daly's war record. In discussion, Davitt said if they did not act then the Guards might prosecute, Dr McCarthy's daughters might sue, and if it was made public that the officers were not disciplined, it could be a catastrophe for the army. In any case, they were duty-bound: the execution of the Civil War itself was predicated on such a principle. O'Sullivan could not square the investigation's details with his personal view of O'Daly and raised the possibility of the Guards' bias, given recent tension between the departments of Justice and Defence. Davitt proposed a Military Court of Inquiry provided the result was acted upon if it supported the Guards' findings.
Military court
An inquiry, presided over by John Hearne, was instigated. A prima facie case against the three was established. O'Sullivan agreed that a General Court-Martial was now required and proceeded, with Davitt, to select carefully seven officers for the task who were believed to be unbiased either way.
Commander-in-Chief and Minister for Defence Richard Mulcahy asked Davitt if the case was clear cut, which Davitt confirmed. Mulcahy mirrored the initial stated opinion of O'Sullivan by referring to O'Daly's army and national record. Davitt repeated the arguments he used with O'Sullivan. Mulcahy said that O'Daly had avowed his innocence to him personally and that he was minded to take his word and drop the case. Davitt asked if the simple acceptance of someone's word should then apply to all accused officers and what of the other two suspects? Mulcahy bemoaned his predicament. He followed Davitt's suggestion of asking Attorney-General Hugh Kennedy's advice.
Executive Council reaction
To Davitt's amazement, Kennedy said that the evidence was not strong enough. Dismissing the women's testimony, Kennedy told the Executive Council that the women were "not city people and their mentality as witnesses and generally must be considered in the light of their own history and environment". He went on to belittle generally a "Catholic bourgeoisie" of rural social climbers with "British leanings" and found it "humiliating to have to confess" that British officers associated easily with such "girls of this social stratum.... It seems clear that the McCarthys were of this type. Officers of the National Army have been in many cases the butt for people of this kind".
The highly-prejudiced social commentary left the Minister for Justice, Kevin O'Higgins, furious. His own father was a medical doctor from a similar background to McCarthy. He protested vehemently. He was isolated in his views about the issue and twice threatened to leave the government.
O'Higgins had already spoken to Mulcahy in March 1923 about O'Daly's involvement in the Ballyseedy incident and others in Kerry. The Garda Síochána and two Dublin Guard officers (one who knew O'Higgins personally) stated that O'Daly was instrumental in the brutal murders of Republican prisoners. Mulcahy was equally nonplussed then.
W.T. Cosgrave later wrote to McCarthy to suggest that he had the option of trying to prosecute the three officers through the civilian courts.
Developments
In the Dáil Éireann one year later, the Labour Party leader Tom Johnson quoted different details from the newspaper Éire, which stated that Mulcahy had been directed to arrest "some" of the "four" officers and that a court-martial met, but as witnesses had been dispersed quickly around, the country the case had collapsed. He asked for a statement about the dispersion of witnesses and about what had been done for the abused women and asked why the Executive Council had refused to publish the results of the army investigation.
Cosgrave replied that the advice of the Attorney-General to the Executive Council had been acted upon and that it would not be published.
The Kenmare incident was a precursor to the Army Mutiny of 1924, which was the culmination of tension caused by a number of events and ideological divisions between civilian and military influences in authority, including the diminishing involvement of the IRB, of which Mulcahy and O'Daly were leading members, in a civilian-controlled army. Amongst many other resignations, sackings and demobilisations as part of the downsizing of the army, O'Daly resigned his post in 1924. The papers on the Kenmare attack were released in the 1980s. He returned to the Army as a captain in construction in 1940.
References
County Kerry
Irish Army |
Peter Assion (born 24 August 1959) is a German Association football manager and former footballer.
External links
1959 births
Living people
German men's footballers
German football managers
SSV Ulm 1846 players
SC Austria Lustenau players
SC Austria Lustenau managers
Men's association football defenders
FC Memmingen players
FC Red Bull Salzburg managers
German expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Austria |
David J. O'Reilly (born January 1947 in Dublin, Ireland), is former chairman and CEO of Chevron Corporation.
Education
In 1968, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from University College Dublin, from which he also received an honorary doctor of science degree in June 2002.
Career
He began his career with Chevron Research Co. as a process engineer in 1968. On 1 January 2000, he became chairman and CEO of Chevron, succeeding Kenneth T. Derr. He retired effective 31 December 2009.
In January 2010, O'Reilly joined the Board of engineering and construction giant, Bechtel Corporation. In August 2010, he was appointed a director on the board of Saudi Aramco, the national oil company of Saudi Arabia. He also is vice chairman of the National Petroleum Council. He is a member of The Business Council, J. P. Morgan International Council, the World Economic Forum’s International Business Council, and the American Society of Corporate Executives. O'Reilly also serves on the San Francisco Symphony Board of Governors.
In April 2002, O'Reilly received the Order of Kurmet from Kazakhstan president Nursultan Nazarbaev.
In 2013, O'Reilly was awarded the UCD Foundation Day Medal.
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
American chief executives
Irish emigrants to the United States
Chevron Corporation people
Texaco people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Recipients of the Order of Kurmet
Directors of Chevron Corporation
People educated at Blackrock College |
```objective-c
/**
* All rights reserved.
*
* This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
* of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
*/
#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
#import "FBImageIOScaler.h"
#import "FBIntegrationTestCase.h"
@interface FBImageIOScalerTests : FBIntegrationTestCase
@property (nonatomic) NSData *originalImage;
@property (nonatomic) CGSize originalSize;
@end
@implementation FBImageIOScalerTests
- (void)setUp {
XCUIApplication *app = [[XCUIApplication alloc] init];
[app launch];
XCUIScreenshot *screenshot = app.screenshot;
self.originalImage = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(screenshot.image, 1.0);
self.originalSize = [FBImageIOScalerTests scaledSizeFromImage:screenshot.image];
}
- (void)testScaling {
CGFloat halfScale = 0.5;
CGSize expectedHalfScaleSize = [FBImageIOScalerTests sizeFromSize:self.originalSize scalingFactor:0.5];
[self scaleImageWithFactor:halfScale
expectedSize:expectedHalfScaleSize];
// 1 is the smalles scaling factor we accept
CGFloat minScale = 0.0;
CGSize expectedMinScaleSize = [FBImageIOScalerTests sizeFromSize:self.originalSize scalingFactor:0.01];
[self scaleImageWithFactor:minScale
expectedSize:expectedMinScaleSize];
// For scaling factors above 100 we don't perform any scaling and just return the unmodified image
CGFloat unscaled = 2.0;
[self scaleImageWithFactor:unscaled
expectedSize:self.originalSize];
}
- (void)scaleImageWithFactor:(CGFloat)scalingFactor expectedSize:(CGSize)excpectedSize {
FBImageIOScaler *scaler = [[FBImageIOScaler alloc] init];
id expScaled = [self expectationWithDescription:@"Receive scaled image"];
[scaler submitImage:self.originalImage
scalingFactor:scalingFactor
compressionQuality:1.0
completionHandler:^(NSData *scaled) {
UIImage *scaledImage = [UIImage imageWithData:scaled];
CGSize scaledSize = [FBImageIOScalerTests scaledSizeFromImage:scaledImage];
XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(scaledSize.width, excpectedSize.width, 1.0);
XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(scaledSize.height, excpectedSize.height, 1.0);
[expScaled fulfill];
}];
[self waitForExpectations:@[expScaled]
timeout:0.5];
}
+ (CGSize)scaledSizeFromImage:(UIImage *)image {
return CGSizeMake(image.size.width * image.scale, image.size.height * image.scale);
}
+ (CGSize)sizeFromSize:(CGSize)size scalingFactor:(CGFloat)scalingFactor {
return CGSizeMake(round(size.width * scalingFactor), round(size.height * scalingFactor));
}
@end
``` |
Saros cycle series 113 for solar eclipses occurs at the Moon's ascending node, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, contained 71 events. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon's ascending node.
This solar saros is linked to Lunar Saros 106.
Umbral eclipses
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 113 appears in the following table.
Events
References
http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros113.html
External links
Saros cycle 113 - Information and visualization
Solar saros series |
The Syracuse and Geddes Railway, a horse-drawn street trolley in Syracuse, New York, was chartered on July 10, 1863. The line ran from Syracuse to Geddes, a suburb. The route ran from Salina Street and Fayette Street to Hemlock, Bridge and Furnace Street (now Wilbur Avenue).
The company merged with Syracuse Consolidated Street Railway in 1890, after an agreement was made that allowed the new company to lease the lines.
History
In early 1863, Alfred Hovey, Edward B. Wicks, William D. Stewart, John V. Barker, D. P. Wood, A. C. Powell, D. Bookstaver, and G. P. Kenyon were authorized by the city of Syracuse to lay tracks for a street railway from Salina Street and Fayette Street in Downtown Syracuse to Hemlock, Bridge and Furnace Street (now Wilbur Avenue) but at that time part of Geddes.
The company was organized on May 4, 1863, with funded debt of $25,000 and construction and equipment bonds due on December 1, 1898. Total capital stock was $50,000. Construction began at once.
In 1875, the route commenced at the corner of South Salina Street and Fayette Street and terminated in the village of Geddes. The business office was located at 2 New Savings Bank Building in Downtown Syracuse.
Operations
The business offices were initially in Geddes but by 1879, the company offices were relocated to No. 1 Onondaga County Savings Bank Building.
By 1890, the company employed both 30 and 47 pound rail and had 13 rail cars and 35 horses.
Company management
Officers of the company in 1875 included; R. N Gere, president; Charles Tallman, vice-president; R. A. Bonta, secretary and treasurer; and William J. Hart, superintendent.
By 1894, the directors of the company were Daniel P. Wood, Peter Burns, Charles Andrews, George A. Kennedy, Charles T. Redfield, Jonathan G. Wynkoop, George C. Gere, Isaac R. Pharis, Charles E. Hubbell, T. W. Meachem, all of Syracuse. R. N. Gere was president and R. A. Bonta was secretary and treasurer of the company. William J. Hart was the superintendent.
Financial
Annual meetings were held on the second Monday in January.
Syracuse consolidated lease agreement
The Syracuse Consolidated Street Railway was chartered in 1890 in Syracuse and by July 1, 1890, the new company leased, in perpetuity, several street railroads in the city including the Syracuse and Geddes Railway as well as the Third Ward Railway, Fourth Ward Railroad, Fifth Ward Railroad, Seventh Ward Railroad, Eleventh Ward Railroad, Genesee and Water Street Railroad, Woodlawn and Butternut Street Railway and New Brighton and Onondaga Valley Railroad. The rail ran a total distance of and had branches every . At that time, the Syracuse and Geddes Railway ceased to exist.
Syracuse Consolidated Street Railway filed for bankruptcy in 1893 and merged with the Syracuse Rapid Transit Railway Company in May 1896.
References
Defunct railroads in Syracuse, New York
Defunct New York (state) railroads
Railway companies established in 1863
Railway companies disestablished in 1890
American companies established in 1863 |
The Emitter Turn Off Thyristor (ETO) is a type of thyristor that uses a MOSFET to turn on and turn off. It combines the advantages of both the GTO and MOSFET. It has two gates - one normal gate for turn on and one with a series MOSFET for turn off.
History
The first generation ETO was developed by Prof. Alex Q. Huang in the Center for Power Electronics, Virginia Tech, in 1996. Although the ETO concept was demonstrated, the first-generation ETO had limitations that prevented high-power applications. The device rating was later improved to 4500V/4000A.
Device Description
Turn On
An ETO is turned ON by applying positive voltages to gates, gate 1, and gate 2. When a positive voltage is applied to gate 2, it turns on the MOSFET that is connected in series with the cathode terminal of the PNPN thyristor structure. The positive voltage applied to gate 1 turns off the MOSFET connected to the gate terminal of the thyristor.
Turn Off
When a turn-off negative voltage signal is applied to the MOSFET connected to the cathode, it turns off and transfers all the current away from the cathode (N-emitter of the NPN transistor in the thyristor) into the base gate via MOSFET connected to the gate of the thyristor. This stops regenerative latching process and results in a fast turn-off. Both the MOSFET connected to the cathode and MOSFET connected to the gate of the thyristor is not subjected to high-voltage stresses irrespective of the magnitude of the voltage on the ETO, due to the internal structure of the thyristor containing a P-N junction. The drawback of connecting a MOSFET in series is that it has to carry the main thyristor current, and it also increases the total voltage drop by about 0.3 to 0.5V and its corresponding losses. Similar to a GTO, the ETO has a long turn-off tail of current at the end of the turn-off and the next turn-on must wait until the residual charge on the anode side is dissipated through the recombination process.
See also
Thyristor
MOSFET
Gate turn-off thyristor
References
Solid state switches |
Mimacronia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Mimacronia alboplagiata (Schultze, 1922)
Mimacronia arnaudi (Hüdepohl, 1983)
Mimacronia decimaculata (Schultze, 1919)
Mimacronia dinagatensis (Hüdepohl, 1995)
Mimacronia novemmaculata (Hüdepohl, 1995)
Mimacronia viridimaculatoides (Breuning, 1980)
Mimacronia regale Barševskis, 2015
Mimacronia viridimaculata (Breuning, 1947)
References
Pteropliini |
This is the list of episodes for Late Night with Seth Meyers in 2023. Production was ceased from May 2 to October 2 due to the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike amid the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes.
2023
January
February
March
April
May
October
November
References
External links
Lineups at Interbridge
Episodes
Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes
Lists of variety television series episodes |
Pacham () in Mazandaran may refer to:
Pachet
Pajim |
Melodía is the fourth album by Spanish singer Melody. She released it on October 18, 2004, at the age of 14. The album saw her move towards a more teenage demographic.
The album was produced by Danilo Ballo and a team led by Emanuele Ruffinengo, who had previously worked with Alejandro Sanz, Ana Belén, Ketama, Malú and Armando Manzanero. Two music videos, for the first single titled "Y ese niño" (composed by Lucas González Gómez from the duo Andy y Lucas), and for the second single titled "La novia es chiquita", were shot.
The album debuted at number 15 in Spain.
Track listing
Charts
References
External links
2004 albums
Melody (Spanish singer) albums
Sony Music albums |
```jsx
import { h, Fragment } from 'preact';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import { useRef, useState, useEffect } from 'preact/hooks';
import { DefaultSelectionTemplate } from '../../shared/components/defaultSelectionTemplate';
const KEYS = {
ENTER: 'Enter',
COMMA: ',',
SPACE: ' ',
DELETE: 'Backspace',
};
/**
* Component allowing users to add multiple entries for a given input field that get displayed as destructive pills
*
* @param {Object} props
* @param {string} props.labelText The text for the input's label
* @param {boolean} props.showLabel Whether the label text should be visible or hidden (for assistive tech users only)
* @param {string} props.placeholder Input placeholder text
* @param {string} props.inputRegex Optional regular expression used to restrict the input
* @param {string} props.validationRegex Optional regular expression used to validate the value of the input
* @param {Function} props.SelectionTemplate Optional Preact component to render selected items
*/
export const MultiInput = ({
placeholder,
inputRegex,
validationRegex,
showLabel = true,
labelText,
SelectionTemplate = DefaultSelectionTemplate,
}) => {
const inputRef = useRef(null);
const inputSizerRef = useRef(null);
const selectedItemsRef = useRef(null);
const [items, setItems] = useState([]);
const [editValue, setEditValue] = useState(null);
const [inputPosition, setInputPosition] = useState(null);
useEffect(() => {
// editValue defaults to null when component is first rendered.
// This ensures we do not autofocus the input before the user has started interacting with the component.
if (editValue === null) {
return;
}
const { current: input } = inputRef;
if (input && inputPosition !== null) {
// Entering 'edit' mode
resizeInputToContentSize();
input.value = editValue;
const { length: cursorPosition } = editValue;
input.focus();
// This will set the cursor position at the end of the text.
input.setSelectionRange(cursorPosition, cursorPosition);
}
}, [inputPosition, editValue]);
const handleInputBlur = ({ target: { value } }) => {
addItemToList(value);
clearInput();
};
const handleInputChange = async ({ target: { value } }) => {
// When the input appears inline in "edit" mode, we need to dynamically calculate the width to ensure it occupies the right space
// (an input cannot resize based on its text content). We use a hidden <span> to track the size.
inputSizerRef.current.innerText = value;
if (inputPosition !== null) {
resizeInputToContentSize();
}
};
const handleKeyDown = (e) => {
const { value: currentValue } = inputRef.current;
switch (e.key) {
case KEYS.SPACE:
case KEYS.ENTER:
case KEYS.COMMA:
e.preventDefault();
addItemToList(e.target.value);
clearInput();
break;
case KEYS.DELETE:
if (currentValue === '') {
e.preventDefault();
editPreviousSelectionIfExists();
}
break;
default:
if (inputRegex && !inputRegex.test(e.key)) {
e.preventDefault();
}
}
};
const addItemToList = (value) => {
if (value.trim().length > 0) {
// If an item was edited, we want to keep it in the same position in the list
const insertIndex = inputPosition !== null ? inputPosition : items.length;
// if we do not pass in a validationRegex we can assume that anything is valid
const valid = validationRegex ? checkValidity(value) : true;
const newSelections = [
...items.slice(0, insertIndex),
{ value, valid },
...items.slice(insertIndex),
];
// We update the hidden selected items list, so additions are announced to screen reader users
const listItem = document.createElement('li');
listItem.innerText = value;
selectedItemsRef.current.appendChild(listItem);
setItems([...newSelections]);
exitEditState({});
}
};
const checkValidity = (value) => {
return validationRegex.test(value);
};
const clearInput = () => {
inputRef.current.value = '';
};
const resizeInputToContentSize = () => {
const { current: input } = inputRef;
if (input) {
input.style.width = `${inputSizerRef.current.clientWidth}px`;
}
};
const deselectItem = (clickedItem) => {
const newArr = items.filter((item) => item.value !== clickedItem);
setItems(newArr);
// We also update the hidden selected items list, so removals are announced to screen reader users
selectedItemsRef.current.querySelectorAll('li').forEach((selectionNode) => {
if (selectionNode.innerText === clickedItem) {
selectionNode.remove();
}
});
};
// If there is a previous selection, then pop it into edit mode
const editPreviousSelectionIfExists = () => {
if (items.length > 0 && inputPosition !== 0) {
const nextEditIndex =
inputPosition !== null ? inputPosition - 1 : items.length - 1;
const item = items[nextEditIndex];
enterEditState(item.value, nextEditIndex);
}
};
const enterEditState = (editItem, editItemIndex) => {
inputSizerRef.current.innerText = editItem;
deselectItem(editItem);
setEditValue(editItem);
setInputPosition(editItemIndex);
};
const exitEditState = ({ nextInputValue = '' }) => {
// Reset 'edit mode' input resizing
inputRef.current?.style?.removeProperty('width');
inputSizerRef.current.innerText = nextInputValue;
setEditValue(nextInputValue);
setInputPosition(nextInputValue === '' ? null : inputPosition + 1);
// Blurring away while clearing the input
if (nextInputValue === '') {
inputRef.current.value = '';
}
};
const allSelectedItemElements = items.map((item, index) => {
// When we are in "edit mode" we visually display the input between the other selections
// If the item being edited appears before the item being rendered then we set its position to
// the index + 1 which matches the order, however, any items that appear after the item that is
// being edited will need to increment their position by one to make place for the item being edited.
// at this point the position is already set
const defaultPosition = index + 1;
const appearsBeforeInput = inputPosition === null || index < inputPosition;
const position = appearsBeforeInput ? defaultPosition : defaultPosition + 1;
return (
<li
key={index}
className="c-input--multi__selection-list-item w-max"
style={{ order: position }}
>
<SelectionTemplate
name={item.value}
className={`c-input--multi__selected ${
!item.valid ? 'c-input--multi__selected-invalid' : ''
}`}
enableValidation={true}
valid={item.valid}
onEdit={() => enterEditState(item.value, index)}
onDeselect={() => deselectItem(item.value)}
/>
</li>
);
});
return (
<Fragment>
<span
ref={inputSizerRef}
aria-hidden="true"
className="absolute pointer-events-none opacity-0 p-2"
/>
<label
id="multi-select-label"
className={showLabel ? '' : 'screen-reader-only'}
>
{labelText}
</label>
{/* A visually hidden list provides confirmation messages to screen reader users as an item is selected or removed */}
<div className="screen-reader-only">
<p>Selected items:</p>
<ul
ref={selectedItemsRef}
className="screen-reader-only list-none"
aria-live="assertive"
aria-atomic="false"
aria-relevant="additions removals"
/>
</div>
<div class="c-input--multi relative">
<div class="c-input--multi__wrapper-border crayons-textfield flex items-center cursor-text pb-9">
<ul class="list-none flex flex-wrap w-100">
{allSelectedItemElements}
<li
class="self-center"
style={{
order:
inputPosition === null ? items.length + 1 : inputPosition + 1,
}}
>
<input
autocomplete="off"
class="c-input--multi__input"
type="text"
aria-labelledby="multi-select-label"
onBlur={handleInputBlur}
onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
placeholder={inputPosition === null ? placeholder : null}
onChange={handleInputChange}
ref={inputRef}
/>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</Fragment>
);
};
MultiInput.propTypes = {
labelText: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
showLabel: PropTypes.bool,
placeholder: PropTypes.string,
inputRegex: PropTypes.string,
validationRegex: PropTypes.string,
SelectionTemplate: PropTypes.func,
};
``` |
Thompson House is an historic structure located in Poughkeepsie, New York. Built c. 1880, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1982. The private residence is considered to be in "excellent" condition.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Second Empire architecture in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1880
National Register of Historic Places in Poughkeepsie, New York
Houses in Poughkeepsie, New York |
```objective-c
/*
* TestbedUtils.cpp
*
*/
#ifndef LLGL_TESTBED_UTILS_H
#define LLGL_TESTBED_UTILS_H
#include <string>
// Returns true if the specified string ends with the specified ending.
bool StringEndsWith(const char* str, const char* end);
bool StringEndsWith(const std::string& str, const std::string& end);
#endif
// ================================================================================
``` |
Neftegorsk () is a town and the administrative center of Neftegorsky District in Samara Oblast, Russia, located southeast of Samara, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
History
It was founded in 1960 as an oil-extracting settlement. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1966; town status was granted in 1989.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Neftegorsk serves as the administrative center of Neftegorsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Neftegorsk is incorporated within Neftegorsky Municipal District as Neftegorsk Urban Settlement.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Mojgorod.ru. Entry on Neftegorsk
Cities and towns in Samara Oblast
Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union
Populated places established in 1960
Former urban-type settlements of Samara Oblast |
Dentisociaria armata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Russian Far East (Amur, Primorsky Krai), China and Japan. The habitat consists of broad-leaved forests, but the species has also been observed in inhabited areas such as parks.
The wingspan is 15–23 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to September.
Subspecies
Dentisociaria armata armata
Dentisociaria armata okui Yasuda, 1975 (Japan)
References
Moths described in 1970
Archipini |
Broomtown may refer to:
Broomtown, Alabama
Broomtown, Georgia |
Ryan David Leak (born 28 February 1998) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a defender for Scottish Premiership club Ross County. He is a former Wales under-17's international. Leak has previously had spells at Wolverhampton Wanderers, Burgos, Burton Albion, and Salford City
Career
Born in Burton Upon Trent, Leak joined Wolverhampton Wanderers academy at the age of 7 staying at the club for 14 years, progressing through the ranks, before making his debut for the U23 side in 2016 in a 3–2 victory over Crewe Alexandra in the EFL Trophy.
He went on to enjoy three loan spells, the first being a short loan to The New Saints in the Cymru Premier, where he made 12 appearances, scoring a solitary goal in a 5–2 victory against Carmarthen Town. After a short unsuccessful loan at AFC Telford United, a third loan spell took him abroad to Spain, where he joined FC Jumilla on a season long loan for the 2018–19 Segunda División B, making 30 appearances.
Leak left Wolves at the end of the 2018–19 season, after 14 years, and joined fellow Segunda División B side Burgos CF, where he played 25 games over the following two seasons.
After leaving Burgos, Leak joined Burton Albion on trial, before signing a two-year deal with the club in July 2021.
On 18 July 2022, Leak joined League Two club Salford City for an undisclosed fee, signing a two-year deal. A year later, he signed for Scottish club Ross County.
Personal life
Ryan is the brother of Kidderminster Harriers defender Tom Leak.
Honours
The New Saints
Welsh Premier League: 2017–18
References
External links
Living people
1998 births
People from Burton upon Trent
English people of Welsh descent
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
The New Saints F.C. players
AFC Telford United players
FC Jumilla players
Burgos CF footballers
Burton Albion F.C. players
Salford City F.C. players
Cymru Premier players
National League (English football) players
Segunda División B players
English Football League players
English expatriate men's footballers
English expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Footballers from Staffordshire |
PolitiFact.com is an American nonprofit project operated by the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida, with offices there and in Washington, D.C. It began in 2007 as a project of the Tampa Bay Times (then the St. Petersburg Times), with reporters and editors from the newspaper and its affiliated news media partners reporting on the accuracy of statements made by elected officials, candidates, their staffs, lobbyists, interest groups and others involved in U.S. politics. Its journalists select original statements to evaluate and then publish their findings on the PolitiFact.com website, where each statement receives a "Truth-O-Meter" rating. The ratings range from "True" for statements the journalists deem as accurate to "Pants on Fire" (from the taunt "Liar, liar, pants on fire") for claims the journalists deem as "not accurate and makes a ridiculous claim".
PunditFact, a related site that was also created by the Times editors, is devoted to fact-checking claims made by political pundits. Both PolitiFact and PunditFact were funded primarily by the Tampa Bay Times and ad revenues generated on the website until 2018, and the Times continues to sell ads for the site now that it is part of Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a non-profit organization that also owns the newspaper. PolitiFact increasingly relies on grants from several nonpartisan organizations, and in 2017 launched a membership campaign and began accepting donations from readers.
In addition to political claims, the site monitors the progress elected officials make on their campaign promises, including a "Trump-O-Meter" for President Donald Trump, an "Obameter" for President Barack Obama, and a Biden Promise Tracker for President Joe Biden. PolitiFact.com's local affiliates review promises by elected officials of regional relevance, as evidenced by PolitiFact Tennessee's "Haslam-O-Meter" tracking Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam's efforts and Wisconsin's "Walk-O-Meter" tracking Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker's efforts.
PolitiFact has won the Pulitzer Prize, and has been both praised and criticized by independent observers, conservatives and liberals alike. Both liberal and conservative bias have been alleged at different points, and criticisms have been made that PolitiFact attempts to fact-check statements that cannot be truly "fact-checked". A survey of 511 stories from 2010 to 2011 found that statements made by Republicans were almost three times as likely to be labeled as false as those of Democrats. A larger 2016 analysis by the American Press Institute found that PolitiFact was statistically more likely to be critical of Republicans, while a text analysis by the University of Washington in 2018 was "not able to detect any systematic differences in the treatment of Democrats and Republicans in articles by Politifact", but noted that the analysis "cannot determine whether there are partisan biases in Politifact's judgments about truthfulness nor
selection of which statements to examine."
History
PolitiFact.com was started in August 2007 by Times Washington Bureau Chief Bill Adair, in conjunction with the Congressional Quarterly.
In January 2010, PolitiFact.com expanded to its second newspaper, the Cox Enterprises-owned Austin American-Statesman in Austin, Texas; the feature, called PolitiFact Texas, covered issues that are relevant to Texas and the Austin area.
In March 2010, the Times and its partner newspaper, The Miami Herald, launched PolitiFact Florida, which focuses on Florida issues. The Times and the Herald share resources on some stories that relate to Florida.
Since then, PolitiFact.com expanded to other papers, such as The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The Providence Journal, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, The Plain Dealer, Richmond Times-Dispatch, the Knoxville News Sentinel and The Oregonian. The Knoxville News Sentinel ended its relationship with PolitiFact.com after 2012.
In 2013, Adair was named Knight Professor of the Practice of Journalism and Public Policy at Duke University, and stepped down as Bureau Chief at the Times and as editor at PolitiFact.com. The Tampa Bay Times''' senior reporter, Alex Leary, succeeded Bill Adair as Bureau Chief on July 1, 2013, and Angie Drobnic Holan was appointed editor of PolitiFact in October 2013. Adair remains a PolitiFact.com contributing editor.
In 2014, The Plain Dealer ended its partnership with PolitiFact.com after they reduced their news staff and were unwilling to meet "the required several PolitiFact investigations per week".
The organization was acquired in February 2018 by the Poynter Institute, a non-profit journalism education and news media research center that also owns the Tampa Bay Times.
In March 2019, in preparation for the 2020 presidential elections, PolitiFact partnered with Noticias Telemundo for fact-checking of information given to the Spanish language audience. In April 2019 PolitiFact joined forces with Kaiser Health News (KHN), for health-news fact checking. In October 2019 insight was given into PolitiFact's Truth-O-Meter's step-by-step process of assessing an item's truth, as considered true by the Politifact team, revealing confirmed facts and including accreditations.
"Lie of the Year"
Since 2009, PolitiFact.com has declared one political statement from each year to be the "Lie of the Year."
2009
In December 2009, they declared the Lie of the Year to be Sarah Palin's assertion that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2009 would lead to government "death panels" that dictated which types of patients would receive treatment.
2010
In December 2010, PolitiFact.com dubbed the Lie of the Year to be the contention among some opponents of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that it represented a "government takeover of healthcare". PolitiFact.com argued that this was not the case, since all health care and insurance would remain in the hands of private companies.
2011
PolitiFact's Lie of the Year for 2011 was a statement by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) that a 2011 budget proposal by Congressman Paul Ryan, entitled The Path to Prosperity and voted for overwhelmingly by Republicans in the House and Senate, meant that "Republicans voted to end Medicare". PolitiFact determined that, though it is true the Republican plan would change Medicare fundamentally by forcing the elderly to use private health plans - the very thing Medicare was intended to substitute for - a radically transformed program could still be termed "Medicare" so it was not technically true that "Republicans voted to end Medicare". PolitiFact had originally labeled nine similar statements as "false" or "pants on fire" since April 2011.
2012
For 2012, PolitiFact chose the claim made by Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney that President Obama "sold Chrysler to Italians who are going to build Jeeps in China" at the cost of American jobs. (The "Italians" in the quote was a reference to Fiat, who had purchased a majority share of Chrysler in 2011 after a U.S. government bailout of Chrysler.) PolitiFact had rated the claim "Pants on Fire" in October. PolitiFact's assessment quoted a Chrysler spokesman who had said, "Jeep has no intention of shifting production of its Jeep models out of North America to China." As of 2016, 96.7 percent of Jeeps sold in the U.S were assembled in the U.S., with roughly 70 percent North American parts content. (The vehicle with the most North American parts content came in at 75%).
2013
The 2013 Lie of the Year was President Barack Obama's promise that "If you like your health care plan, you can keep it". As evidence, PolitiFact cited analysts' estimate of 4 million cancellation letters sent to American health insurance consumers. PolitiFact also noted that in an online poll, readers overwhelmingly agreed with the selection. This stands in stark contrast to its October 9, 2008 statement that Obama's "description of his plan is accurate, and we rate his statement True."
2014
PolitiFact's 2014 Lie of the Year was "Exaggerations about Ebola", referring to 16 separate statements made by various commentators and politicians about the Ebola virus being "easy to catch, that illegal immigrants may be carrying the virus across the southern border, that it was all part of a government or corporate conspiracy". These claims were made in the midst of the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa when four cases were diagnosed in the United States in travelers from West Africa and nurses who treated them. PolitiFact wrote, "The claims – all wrong – distorted the debate about a serious public health issue."
2015
PolitiFact's 2015 Lie of the Year was the "various statements" made by 2016 Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump. Politifact found that 76% of Trump's statements that they reviewed were rated "Mostly False," "False" or "Pants on Fire". Statements that were rated "Pants on Fire" included his assertion that the Mexican government sends "the bad ones over" the border into the United States, and his claim that he saw "thousands and thousands" of people cheering the collapse of the World Trade Center on 9/11.
2016
PolitiFact's 2016 Lie of the Year was "fake news" referring to fabricated news stories including the Pizzagate conspiracy theory.
2017
PolitiFact's 2017 Lie of the Year was Donald Trump's claim that Russian election interference is a "made-up story." The annual poll found 56.36% of the 5080 respondents agreed that Trump's "Pants on Fire" statement deserved the distinction. Raul Labrador's statement that "Nobody dies because they don't have access to health care," and Sean Spicer's statement that "[Trump's audience] was the largest audience to witness an inauguration, period," came in second and third place getting 14.47% and 14.25% of the vote respectively. In its article, PolitiFact points to multiple occasions where Donald Trump stated that Russia had not interfered with the election despite multiple government agencies claiming otherwise.
2018
Politifact's 2018 Lie of the Year was that survivors of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting were crisis actors. These conspiracy theories were spread on blogs and social media by sources including InfoWars, and targeted students including X González and David Hogg, who became prominent gun control activists in the wake of the shooting and helped organize the March for our Lives.
2019
Politifact's 2019 Lie of the Year was Donald Trump's claim that the anonymous whistleblower who reported possible presidential misconduct got the report of his phone call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky "almost completely wrong." The whistleblower complaint alleged that President Trump urged President Zelensky to conduct an investigation into Trump's political rival in return for promised military aid.
2020
The 2020 Lie of the Year was misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic; specifically, theories that either deny the existence of the disease outright, or claim that the disease is much less deadly than it actually is. In particular, Donald Trump was mentioned as a main supporter of such conspiracy theories.
2021
The 2021 Lie of the Year was lies related to the 2021 United States Capitol attack and its significance.
2022
The 2022 Lie of the Year was Disinformation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine being propagated by Vladimir Putin.
Reception
PolitiFact.com was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2009 for "its fact-checking initiative during the 2008 presidential campaign that used probing reporters and the power of the World Wide Web to examine more than 750 political claims, separating rhetoric from truth to enlighten voters".
A Wall Street Journal opinion editorial by Joseph Rago in December 2010 called PolitiFact "part of a larger journalistic trend that seeks to recast all political debates as matters of lies, misinformation and 'facts,' rather than differences of world view or principles".
TV critic James Poniewozik at Time characterized PolitiFact as having the "hard-earned and important position as referee in the mudslinging contest—a 'truth vigilante,' as it were", and "PolitiFact is trying to do the right thing here. And despite the efforts of partisans to work the refs by complaining about various calls they've made in the past, they're generally doing a hard, important thing well. They often do it better than the rest of the political media, and the political press owes them for doing it." Poniewozik also suggested, "they need to improve their rating system, to address the irresponsible, the unprovable, the dubious. Otherwise, they're doing exactly what they were founded to stop: using language to spread false impressions."
Mark Hemingway of The Weekly Standard criticized all fact-checking projects by news organizations, including PolitiFact, the Associated Press and the Washington Post, writing that they "aren't about checking facts so much as they are about a rearguard action to keep inconvenient truths out of the conversation".
In December 2011, Northeastern University journalism professor Dan Kennedy wrote in The Huffington Post that the problem with fact-checking projects was "there are only a finite number of statements that can be subjected to thumbs-up/thumbs-down fact-checking".
Matt Welch, in the February 2013 issue of Reason magazine, criticized PolitiFact and other media fact-checkers for focusing much more on statements by politicians about their opponents, rather than statements by politicians and government officials about their own policies, thus serving as "a check on the exercise of rhetoric" but not "a check on the exercise of power".
PolitiFact retracted its fact-check about a lab leak as the possible origin of COVID-19. The site had originally stated that the lab leak was a "conspiracy theory that has been debunked since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic". However, after some scientists said they were "too quick to discount a possible link", the lab leak theory, PolitiFact changed its evaluation of the claim to "unsupported by evidence and in dispute".
Allegations of political bias
PolitiFact has drawn allegations of political bias from both left-leaning and right-leaning media outlets. Overall, right-leaning outlets get more negative results from fact-checkers than those on the left, including at PolitiFact, which some right-wing commentators have interpreted as evidence of bias.
In February 2011, University of Minnesota political science professor Eric Ostermeier analyzed 511 PolitiFact stories issued from January 2010 through January 2011. He found that the number of statements analyzed from Republicans and from Democrats was comparable, but Republicans had been assigned substantially harsher grades, receiving "false" or "pants on fire" more than three times as often as Democrats. The report found that "In total, 74 of the 98 statements by political figures judged 'false' or 'pants on fire' over the last 13 month were given to Republicans, or 76 percent, compared to just 22 statements for Democrats (22 percent)."
Ostermeier observed that PolitiFact was not transparent about how the comments were selected for analysis and raised the possibility that the more negative evaluations of Republican comments might be the result of selection bias, concluding: "The question is not whether PolitiFact will ultimately convert skeptics on the right that they do not have ulterior motives in the selection of what statements are rated, but whether the organization can give a convincing argument that either a) Republicans in fact do lie much more than Democrats, or b) if they do not, that it is immaterial that PolitiFact covers political discourse with a frame that suggests this is the case." In response, PolitiFact editor Bill Adair stated in MinnPost'': "[...][W]e're accustomed to hearing strong reactions from people on both ends of the political spectrum. We are a news organization and we choose which facts to check based on news judgment. We check claims that we believe readers are curious about, claims that would prompt them to wonder, 'Is that true?'"
An independent 2013 analysis from the nonpartisan Center for Media and Public Affairs at George Mason University showed results consistent with the findings of the aforementioned 2011 study, concluding that PolitiFact was three times as likely to rank statements from Republicans as "Pants on Fire," and twice as likely to rank statements from Democrats as "Entirely True." The disparity in these evaluations came despite roughly equally attention paid to statements made by representatives of the two parties: 50.4 percent for the GOP, versus 47.2 percent for the Democrats, with 2.4 percent attention paid to statements from independents.
Funding
Since 2010, PolitiFact has received funding from:
See also
The Fact Checker
Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting
FactCheck.org
Snopes.com
References
External links
2007 establishments in Florida
American political websites
Fact-checking websites
Internet properties established in 2007
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting winners
Tampa Bay Times |
Kannagi statue is a statue at the Marina Beach, Chennai, India. It is located at the intersection of Bharathi Salai and Kamarajar promenade. On 2 January 1968, it was erected as Kannagi holding an anklet in her hand and demanding justice.
History
In 1967, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) leader C. N. Annadurai became chief minister of Tamil Nadu. His government conducted second World Tamil Conference in January 1968, Chennai. As part of the conference, the statues of the ten Tamil icons who associated with the history of Tamil literature were erected on the marina beach. This includes 10 foot bronze statue of Kannagi, a female protagonist character in the Silapathikaram, one of the Five Great Epics of Tamil literature.
In May 2001, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) leader J. Jayalalithaa became chief minister of Tamil Nadu. On 21 September 2001, she resigned due to the corruption charges. In December 2001, the AIADMK government removed the Kannagi statue after a lorry damaged the pedestal of the statue and kept it in the Government Museum, Chennai. While the opposition DMK alleged that the statue removed on the advice of the Jayalalithaa's astrologers as "the statue could bring misfortune to her". DMK leader M. Karunanidhi, as a PWD minister who oversaw the 1968 conference, considered the removal of statue as a "a challenge to Tamil pride". After Karunanidhi come to power in 2006, he re-installed the statue.
References
Monuments and memorials in Chennai |
For the restaurant, see Montrachet (restaurant)
Montrachet (pronounced Mon-rashay; ) is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine made of Chardonnay in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy. It straddles the border between the two communes of Chassagne-Montrachet and Puligny-Montrachet and produces what many consider to be the greatest dry white wine in the world. It is surrounded by four other Grand Cru vineyards all having "Montrachet" as part of their names. Montrachet itself is generally considered superior to its four Grand Cru neighbours, and this is reflected in its higher price.
Montrachet is located in the south of the Côte de Beaune, which is the southern half of the Côte d'Or, which in turn is the most important of the several wine producing subregions of Burgundy.
The Montrachet vineyard is almost equally divided between Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet. Both of these appellations have, as is customary, appended the name of their most famous vineyard (in this case a shared one) to the name of their main village. The wine from the Chassagne side is usually known as Le Montrachet while the wine from the Puligny side is known as Montrachet.
History
The Montrachet vineyard was first planted in the Middle Ages. Although the date of its establishment is unknown, Pierre and Arnolet de Puligny gifted wines in "Mont Rachaz" to the in 1252.
During the 19th century, Montrachet, along with Burgundy as a whole, was ravaged by a succession of vineyard diseases. In the mid-nineteenth century oidium struck. At the end of the nineteenth century phylloxera struck, eventually overcome by the grafting of European vines on American stock.
The Appellation Controlée system was introduced in Burgundy in 1935. Montrachet and Bâtard-Montrachet (see below) were both recognised as AOC Grands Crus in 1937.
Production
In 2008, of vineyard surface was in production within the AOC, and of wine was produced, corresponding to just under 47,000 bottles.
AOC regulations
Wines from Montrachet are composed almost entirely of Chardonnay, unlike in other white Burgundy wines, where up to 15% of Pinot Blanc can be added. These are, like most French wines, referred to by their place of origin rather than by grape variety. The allowed base yield of Montrachet is 40 hectoliter per hectare, and the minimum grape maturity is 12.0 per cent potential alcohol.
Producers
There were 18 owners and 26 producers as of October 2007 (an owner can own different subdivisions and/or lease to different producers). The largest owner is the de Laguiche family (an aristocratic family from 1300), which leases its subdivision to Joseph Drouhin. The highest prices are typically charged for Montrachet produced by Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, which owns and produces around 3,000 bottles per year.
The last sale of a subdivision occurred in 1993 when the Crédit Foncier bank (owner of Château de Puligny) bought 428 m2 (4606 sq. ft.) for over half a million Euros.
Montrachet wines are the most expensive dry white wines in the world: prices can range from €150 to €2500 per 75 cl bottle. The price depends on the reputation of the producer (in Burgundy, vineyards are divided among multiple growers, and there can be substantial variation in quality) and the vintage.
Montrachet and its Grand Cru neighbours
Four additional Grand Cru vineyards lie alongside Montrachet and incorporate its name as part of their own; these are Chevalier-Montrachet, which is situated immediately above Montrachet on the slope, Bâtard-Montrachet, which is situated immediately below Montrachet and is separated from it by the Route des Grands Crus, Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet, which is situated immediately beyond Bâtard-Montrachet, in the direction of Puligny-Montrachet, and Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet, which is situated next to Bâtard-Montrachet in the direction of Chassagne-Montrachet. Chevalier-Montrachet and Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet lie entirely within the commune of Puligny-Montrachet. Criots-Batard-Montrachet lies entirely within Chassagne-Montrachet. Batard-Montrachet, like Montrachet itself, is split between the two villages.
See also
French wine
List of Burgundy Grand Crus
References
Burgundy (historical region) AOCs |
Odyssey Software provided mobile device management and software development tools to enterprise companies either directly (primarily through its Athena product) or through partner solutions. This technology allowed companies to manage multiple mobile operating systems at a detailed level, including functions such as inventory collection, software management, remote control, and device configuration.
History
Odyssey Software was founded in 1996 by Mark Gentile and originally focused on building software development tools. However, it was focused on developing software products that enable developers to architect, build, deploy, and manage enterprise applications for managing mobile and embedded devices as well as mobile device management. The company was sold to NortonLifeLock (formerly known as Symantec) in a deal completed on March 2, 2012.
Products
Athena : device management software that extends Microsoft System Center solutions, adding the ability to manage, support, and control mobile and embedded devices, such as smartphones and ruggedized handhelds.
AppCenter : an application manager that restricts end-user activity to a set of “authorized only” applications, preventing non-productive or unauthorized device utilization.
ViaXML : a mobile and wireless application infrastructure that enables web services (which provide access to data, business logic, knowledge, and application components) to be exposed and called over the Internet and corporate intranet using open Internet standards – XML, HTTP and HTTPS.
CEfusion : a set of mobile and wireless application data access infrastructure for rapidly building and deploying rich mobile enterprise applications. It extends the core Windows DNA data access technologies — ADO (ActiveX Data Objects), MTS (Microsoft Transaction Services), and MSMQ (Microsoft Message Queuing) — to the mobile application environment.
References
Mobile device management
Mobile software programming tools |
Igor Alexandrovich Melikhov () (born 1944) is a Russian diplomat.
In 1968 Melikhov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations and holds a Doctorate in Historical Sciences.
After joining the diplomatic corps of the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Melikhov worked in the Diplomatic missions of the USSR in the People's Republic of South Yemen (1968–1971), the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1973–1976), Lebanon (1979–1981), Egypt (1981–1984) and Syria (1988–1991).
From 19931996 Melikhov was Ambassador of Russia to Qatar, followed by Ambassador of Russia to Saudi Arabia from 19962000.
After serving in Saudi Arabia, Melikhov returned to Russia and became deputy director of the Historical and Documentary Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
From 20042008, Melikhov was posted to Abuja as Ambassador of Russia to Nigeria.
Melikhov is fluent in Russian, English, Arabic and French.
References
1944 births
Ambassadors of Russia to Qatar
Ambassadors of Russia to Saudi Arabia
Ambassadors of Russia to Nigeria
Living people
Moscow State Institute of International Relations alumni
Soviet diplomats
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (Russian Federation) |
Nathalie Marie Andrée Baye (; born 6 July 1948) is a French film, television and stage actress. She began her career in 1970 and has appeared in more than 80 films. A ten-time César Award nominee, her four wins were for Every Man for Himself (1980), Strange Affair (1981), La Balance (1982), and The Young Lieutenant (2005). In 2009, she was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Her other films include Day for Night (1973), Catch Me If You Can (2002), Tell No One (2006) and The Assistant (2015).
Early life
Baye was born in Mainneville, Eure, Normandy, to Claude Baye and Denise Coustet, two painters. At 14, she joined a school of dance in Monaco. Three years later she went to the United States. On returning to France she continued with dance but also registered for the Simon Course and was admitted to the Conservatoire, from where she graduated in 1972 with a second prize in comedy, dramatic comedy and foreign theatre.
Career
Her second cinema appearance was in Two People (1973) directed by Robert Wise. She became better known as the script girl in Day for Night (La Nuit américaine, 1973) by François Truffaut. Throughout the 1970s, she played the good girlfriend or nice provincial girl in film and television.
She won her first César, as best supporting artist, for Every Man for Himself (Sauve qui peut (la vie), 1980) directed by Jean-Luc Godard. There then followed The Return of Martin Guerre (Le Retour de Martin Guerre, 1982) and La Balance (also 1982).
Baye won two more César Awards, Best Supporting Actress, for Strange Affair (Une étrange affaire, 1981), and Best Actress for La Balance, 1982). Her four-year relationship with Johnny Hallyday made them a celebrity couple and their daughter is Laura Smet, now an actress.
After changing her image by playing a streetwalker in La Balance, she widened her scope with more obscure characters in J'ai épousé une ombre (1983) and En toute innocence (1988). In 1986, she returned to the theatre with an interpretation of Adriana Monti.
In 1999, she was voted Best Supporting Actress at Venice Film Festival for Une liaison pornographique and starred in Vénus Beauté (Institut) (2000) by Tonie Marshall which won multiple César Awards including Best Film.
She has worked with Claude Chabrol and Steven Spielberg.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1948 births
Living people
20th-century French actresses
21st-century French actresses
French National Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
French film actresses
French stage actresses
French television actresses
Best Actress César Award winners
Best Supporting Actress César Award winners
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Magritte Award winners
Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners
People from Eure |
La Puerta is a village in Catamarca Province, Argentina. It is the head of the Ambato Department.
External links
Populated places in Catamarca Province |
Antonio de Nebrija (14445 July 1522) was the most influential Spanish humanist of his era. He wrote poetry, commented on literary works, and encouraged the study of classical languages and literature, but his most important contributions were in the fields of grammar and lexicography. Nebrija was the author of the Spanish Grammar (Gramática de la lengua castellana, 1492) and the first dictionary of the Spanish language (1495). His grammar is the first published grammar study of any modern European language. His chief works were published and republished many times during and after his life and his scholarship had a great influence for more than a century, both in Spain and in the expanding Spanish Empire.
Name
Nebrija was baptized . In typical Renaissance humanist fashion, he Latinized his name as (or in Spanish) by taking Aelius from the Roman inscriptions of his native Lebrija, known in Roman times as . He was also known as , , and .
Biography
Nebrija was born into an hidalgo family in Nebrixa, a town now called Lebrija in the province of Seville. His parents were Juan Martínez de Cala and Catalina de Xarana. He was the second of five children. There is some uncertainty about his date of birth. Nebrija wrote that he was born the year before the Battle of Olmedo in 1445, putting his birthday in 1444 but elsewhere he makes other references that would contradict this date. Traditionally, 1444 has been accepted as his year of birth.
At age fourteen, Nebrija enrolled at the University of Salamanca, where he studied mathematics, philosophy, law and theology. These latter topics earned him a scholarship from the bishopric of Seville to study theology at the Royal College of Spain in Bologna. Little is known about his studies in Italy except that he was inspired by the works of the Italian humanists, especially Lorenzo Valla. After ten years in Italy Nebrija returned to Spain armed with the new concepts of Renaissance humanism.
Once back in Spain, Nebrija served Alonso de Fonseca y Ulloa, archbishop of Seville, for three years. When Fonseca died in 1473, Nebrija returned to the University of Salamanca as a lecturer. In 1476 he was appointed First Chair of Grammar and in 1481 he published his first work, the Introductiones latinae (Introduction to Latin), a textbook on Latin grammar and literature. The first printing of 1,000 copies quickly sold out and was reprinted dozens of times in his lifetime.
He married Isabel Montesino de Solís in 1487 and eventually fathered seven children. When Juan de Zúñiga, the master of the Order of Alcántara, offered him patronage, Nebrija quit the university in Salamanca and moved to Badajoz, where he lived for the next twelve years.
After the success of his Latin textbook, Nebrija's literary scholarship turned to focus on Castilian rather than classical languages. In 1492 he published Gramática de la lengua castellana (Grammar of the Castilian Language), which he dedicated to Queen Isabella I of Castile. His book was one of the first to codify a European vernacular language, and it ultimately had considerable political and scholarly influence. Nebrija recognized that language played a crucial role in governance of the state. In his dedication he wrote to Isabella that language was "the instrument of empire" and suggested that his grammar would prove useful as the Catholic monarchs conquered peoples who spoke languages other than Castilian.
In 1492 Nebrija also published the Diccionario latino-español (Latin-Spanish Dictionary). It was not the first Latin-Spanish dictionary (Alfonso de Palencia published one in 1490) but it would become hugely influential, in part because a few years later he reversed the order and published his Vocabulario español-latino (Spanish-Latin Vocabulary) in 1495. For the next century, the Spanish-Latin vocabulary continued to evolve with new words and translations. It also served as the basis for other authors developing non-Latin translating dictionaries including Spanish-Arabic (1505), Spanish-Nahuatl (1547) and Spanish-Tagalog (1613).
After publishing his dictionaries Nebrija turned his attention to biblical scholarship. He wanted to improve the text and interpretation of the Bible by using the same critical analysis that Italian humanists had applied to classical literature. Around 1504 he fell under the suspicion of Diego de Deza, the Grand Inquisitor of Spain, who confiscated and destroyed his work. In 1507 Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros succeeded Deza as inquisitor general. Cisneros allowed Nebrija to resume his biblical studies and he eventually published a series of works that used the techniques of humanist scholarship to address problems of biblical translation and interpretation. Nebrija served briefly on the editorial committee assembled by Jiménez to prepare the Complutensian Polyglot Bible. He clashed with the more conservative editors, who resisted his humanist approach to translating the Bible. Jiménez supported the conservative viewpoint and Nebrija's input was largely ignored when the finished work was published in 1517.
Nebrija wrote or translated a large number of other works on a variety of subjects, including theology, law, archaeology, pedagogy, and commentaries on Sedulius and Persius.
Nebrija died on 5 July 1522 in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. His possible grandson Antonio de Lebrija was conquistador in Colombia and treasurer of the Spanish conquest of the Muisca expedition.
Works
Introductiones latinae, 1481
Gramática de la lengua castellana, 1492
Diccionario latino-español, 1492
Vocabulario español-latino, ca. 1495
Iuris civilis lexicon, 1506
Artis rhetoricae, 1515
Reglas de ortografía española, 1517
Posthumously published Reglas de ortografía en la lengua castellana, 1523
Notes
References
English
Nebrija, Antonio De; Armillas-Tiseyra, Magalí (2016/01). "On Language and Empire: The Prologue to Grammar of the Castilian Language (1492)". PMLA. 131 (1): 197–208.
Spanish
Further reading
Nicolás Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Nova, i. 132 (1888)
Prescott, History of Ferdinand and Isabella, i. 410 (note)
Thomas McCrie, The Reformation in Spain in the Sixteenth Century (1829)
Ivan Illich's essay Vernacular Values on the significance of Nebrija's Grammar
Further reading in Spanish
AA. VV. Antonio de Lebrixa Grammatico en su medio milenio, José J. Gómez Asencio (Coord.), Carmen Quijada van Den Berghe (Ed.), Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, mayo 2022. ISBN 978-84-1311-668-6.
, José J., Nebrija vive, Fundación Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 2006. Reeditado en 2022 en una versión ampliada titulada Nebrija vive 500 años después, Fundación Antonio de Nebrija, septiembre 2022. ISBN 978-84-88957-85-6
, Juan. Antonio de Lebrija. El sabio y el hombre, de Juan Gil Fernández, Athenaica Ediciones, Sevilla, diciembre 2021. ISBN 978-84-18239-45-8
, Teresa (ed.). NEBRIJA (c.1444-1522). El orgullo de ser gramático Grammaticus nomen est professionis, catálogo de la exposición, comisaria y coord. Teresa Jiménez Calvente, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Acción Cultural Española y Fundación Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, noviembre 2022. ISBN 978-84-17265-35-9.
, Pedro. La pasión de saber. Vida de Antonio de Nebrija, prólogo de Francisco Rico, Huelva: Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, 2019. ISBN 978-84-17776-61-9
, José Antonio. Antonio de Nebrija o el rastro de la verdad, Galaxia Gutenberg, Barcelona, enero 2022. ISBN 978-84-18807-73-2
, Diego. Antonio de Nebrija y su origen judeoconverso, Editorial Gedisa , Barcelona, enero 2023. ISBN 978-84-19406-19-4
, Antonio de (2011). Gramática sobre la lengua castellana, Edición, estudio y notas de Carmen Lozano, Paginae Nebrissenses al cuidado de Felipe González Vega, Real Academia Española, Galaxia Gutenberg / Círculo de Lectores, Barcelona, 2011.
, Antonio de (2023). Antonio de Nebrija V Centenario (1522-2022). Volumen I: Pedro Martín Baños, Nueva caracola del bibliófilo nebrisense. Repertorio bibliográfico de la obra impresa y manuscrita de Antonio de Nebrija (siglos XV-XVI). Volumen II: Cultura manuscrita y cultura impresa en el entorno de Antonio de Nebrija, colección de estudios al cuidado de Jacobo Sebastián Sanz Hermida y Pedro Martín Baños, Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, diciembre 2022 y enero 2023. ISBN (impreso vol. I): 978-84-1311-736-2, ISBN (impreso vol. II): 978-84-1311-737-9, ISBN 978-84-1311-738-6.
, Félix G., Nebrija (1441-1522), Debelador de la barbarie comentador eclesiástico pedagogo - poeta, Editora Nacional, Madrid, 1942.
, Francisco. Lección y herencia de Elio Antonio de Nebrija, recopilación de ensayos de Francisco Rico, prólogo de Juan Gil, Real Academia Española, Madrid, marzo 2022. ISBN 978-84-88292-13-1
, Ana. Nebrija. El sabio que amaba las palabras, libro infantil ilustrado, ilustrador: Oscar del Amo, Editorial Planeta y Fundación Antonio de Nebrija, Barcelona, septiembre 2022. ISBN 978-84-08-25855-1
Fiction (novels and comics)
, Agustín. Nebrija, novela gráfica o cómic, Nórdica Libros, Madrid, febrero 2022. ISBN 978-84-18930-55-3
, Luis. El manuscrito de niebla, novela, editorial Espasa, Madrid, febrero 2022. ISBN 978-84-670-6357-8
, Eva. El sueño del gramático, novela, Fundación José Manuel Lara, Sevilla, marzo 2022. ISBN 978-84-17453-88-6
External links
Etext of Nebrija's Gramática de la lengua castellana
Prologue to Nebrija's Gramática de la lengua castellana
Pedacii Dioscoridis Anarzabei De medicinali materia libri quinq[ue]..., Compluti, 1518, at the National Library of Portugal
Epitalamium in nuptiis clarissimorum Lusitaniae principum Alphonsi ac Elisabeth junioris, Antiquariae, 1577, at the National Library of Portugal
1444 births
1522 deaths
16th-century linguists
16th-century Spanish writers
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Grammarians from Spain
Linguists from Spain
Linguists of Spanish
People from Lebrija
Spanish Latinists
Spanish lexicographers
Spanish Renaissance people
Spanish translators
Translators of the Bible into Spanish
University of Salamanca alumni
Academic staff of the University of Salamanca
Humanists |
Sonja Katharina Eichwede (born 25 October 1987) is a German lawyer and politician representing the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She was elected to the Bundestag in the 2021 German federal election.
Life
Eichwede was born in Bremen. She studied and passed the Abitur school leavers' exam at in Bremen in 2007. After graduating, she studied Jurisprudence at the University of Tübingen, graduating in 2013. As part of her studies, she completed an Erasmus exchange in Oslo in 2010. In 2013, Eichwede passed the first German state examination in law, and following this worked as a trainee lawyer at the Landgericht Bremen until 2015.
Political career
Eichwede stood as a candidate in the 2021 federal elections for the Brandenburg an der Havel – Potsdam-Mittelmark I – Havelland III – Teltow-Fläming I constituency in Brandenburg. She won a direct mandate with 32.1% of first preference votes, beating Christian Democratic Union candidate Dietlind Tiemann, among others.
In parliament, Eichwede has since been serving on the Committee on the Scrutiny of Elections, Immunity and the Rules of Procedure. She also serves on the Committee on the Election of Judges (Wahlausschuss), which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, and on the parliamentary body in charge of appointing judges to the Highest Courts of Justice, namely the Federal Court of Justice (BGH), the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG), the Federal Fiscal Court (BFH), the Federal Labour Court (BAG), and the Federal Social Court (BSG). She has been her parliamentary group’s spokesperson for legal affairs.
Personal life
According to Eichwede, she is single, and an evangelical Christian.
References
External links
Official website (in German)
1987 births
Living people
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
21st-century German politicians
Members of the Bundestag for Brandenburg
Female members of the Bundestag
21st-century German women politicians |
Santa Maria La Nova is a hamlet (frazione) of the comune of Campagna in the Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy.
History
Geography
Santa Maria La Nova is situated near the Ripalta Mountain and very close to the town of Eboli, separated from its municipality by the little river Ausella.
See also
Campagna
Camaldoli
Puglietta
Quadrivio
Romandola-Madonna del Ponte
Serradarce
Frazioni of the Province of Salerno
Localities of Cilento |
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Bond, one in the Baronetage of England and the other in the Baronetage of Ireland. Both creations are extinct.
The Bond Baronetcy, of Peckham in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of England on 9 October 1658 for Thomas Bond, Comptroller of the Household of Queen Henrietta Maria. The 2nd Baronet represented Portarlington in the Irish House of Commons. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1767.
The Bond Baronetcy, of Coolamber in the County of Longford, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 21 January 1794 for James Bond, who represented Naas in the Irish House of Commons. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1823.
Bond baronets, of Peckham (1658)
Sir Thomas Bond, 1st Baronet (died 1685)
Sir Henry Bond, 2nd Baronet (died 1721)
Sir Thomas Bond, 3rd Baronet (1709–1734)
Sir Charles Bond, 4th Baronet (1734–1767)
Bond baronets, of Coolamber (1794)
Sir James Bond, 1st Baronet (1744–1820)
James Hornby Bond (died 1792)
Sir Thomas Bond, 2nd Baronet (1776–1823)
References
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of Ireland |
Lisa Stowers is an American neuroscientist studying pheromone signaling and response. She is a professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Scripps Research.
Early life and education
Lisa was born Lisa Tanguay in Petaluma, California.
Stowers completed her PhD at Harvard University in Molecular and Cellular Biology in 1997.
Career and research
Stowers became an associate professor at Scripps Research in 2002. She initially had a joint appointment in the Cell Biology and Neuroscience departments and later became a part of the Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience departments. She gained tenure and was promoted to full professor in 2016.
Stowers' research focuses on how neurons sense and respond to pheromones, especially the molecular pathways in mouse neurons that lead to predictable behaviors. She has made several discoveries connecting pheromone sensing and emotional and behavioral response in mice, including scent compounds that lead to fear, aggression, mating, or pup suckling.
Awards and honors
2004 Pew Biomedical Scholar
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women neuroscientists
American neuroscientists
Scripps Research faculty
Harvard University alumni |
Textile Workers v. Darlington Manufacturing Company, 380 U.S. 263 (1965), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held:
1. It is not an unfair labor practice for an employer to close his entire business, even if the closing is due to anti-union animus. Pp. 380 U. S. 269-274.
2. Closing part of a business is an unfair labor practice under § 8(a)(3) of the Act if the purpose is to discourage unionism in any of the employer's remaining plants and if the employer may reasonably have foreseen such effect. Pp. 380 U. S. 274-275.
3. If those exercising control over a plant that is being closed for anti-union reasons have an interest in another business, whether or not affiliated with or in the same line of commerce as the closed plant, of sufficient substantiality to promise a benefit from nonunionization of that business, act to close their plant for that purpose, and have a relationship to the other business which makes it probable that its employees will fear closing down if organizational activities are continued, an unfair labor practice has been made out. Pp. 380 U. S. 275-276.
4. Since no findings were made by the Board as to the purpose and effect of the Darlington closing with respect to the employes of the other plants in the Deering Milliken group, the judgments are vacated and the cases remanded to permit such findings to be made. Pp. 380 U. S. 276-277.
Opinion of the Court
Associate Justice John M. Harlan II authored the opinion of the Court.
References
External links
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
1965 in United States case law |
Graham County USD 281 is a public unified school district headquartered in Hill City, Kansas, United States. The district includes the communities of Hill City, Bogue, Morland, Nicodemus, Penokee, St. Peter, and nearby rural areas.
Schools
The school district operates the following schools:
Hill City Junior-Senior High School
Hill City Elementary School
Graham County Learning Center
History
It was previously known as Hill City USD 281.
In 2002, it absorbed Morland USD 280.
It previously operated Longfellow Middle School.
Athletics
The Hill City High School mascot is Ringnecks.
The Hill City Ringnecks have won the following Kansas State High School championships:
1969 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1970 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
1970 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1971 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1976 Girls Basketball - Class 2A
1976 Girls Track & Field - Class 2A
1978 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
1978 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1979 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1997 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1998 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
See also
Kansas State Department of Education
Kansas State High School Activities Association
List of high schools in Kansas
List of unified school districts in Kansas
References
External links
School districts in Kansas
Graham County, Kansas |
Özyurt is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şenkaya, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 320 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Şenkaya District |
Răzvan Neagu (born 25 May 1987) is a Romanian former football player.
Statistics
Statistics accurate as of 1 November 2011
Career honours
SC Vaslui
Cupa României
Runner-up: 2010
UEFA Intertoto Cup
Winner: 2008
External links
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Bacău
Romanian men's footballers
CS Sporting Vaslui players
FCM Bacău players
ACF Gloria Bistrița players
FC Petrolul Ploiești players
Liga I players
CS Turnu Severin players
Men's association football forwards |
Tactusa spadix is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2010. It is known from southern Laos, in Southeast Asia.
Description
The wingspan of Tactusa spadix is about 12 mm.
The ground colour of the forewings is brown, with a very large black triangular patch, including the fringes, that extends from the antemedial point on the costa to the apex and to the tornal edge. There is a large, light-brown patch present inside this large patch, located close to the apex. Only the terminal lines are visible as blackish-brown interneural spots.
The hindwing is dark grey, with an indistinct discal spot and the underside is unicolorous grey.
References
Micronoctuini
Taxa named by Michael Fibiger
Moths described in 2010
Moths of Asia |
Nicholas Rowan Baker (born 22 April 1972) is an English naturalist and television presenter, notably on Children's BBC's The Really Wild Show.
Early life
Baker graduated from the University of Exeter in 1993 with a degree in biological sciences, but was a keen naturalist from an early age. He co-founded Exeter University's Bug Club and was a member of the Royal Entomological Society's Youth Development Committee.
As a field naturalist, he has researched the high brown fritillary butterfly on Dartmoor and worked with badgers, also in Devon.
Career
BBC
In Nick Baker's Under the Skin on BBC Two, Baker attempted to get under the skin of animals such as grizzly bears, penguins, rattlesnakes and rhinos - examining their habitats and behaviour in his own way.
In 1999 Baker worked on two science series. He presented Twister and joined the presenting team of the science series, Tomorrow's World. Other ventures have included co-presenting BBC Two's Watch Out with Simon King.
Nick Baker's Weird Creatures was frequently ridiculed on Harry Hill's TV Burp. Selections of the show were shown featuring Nick Baker performing poorly, or where a mundane or disappointing animal is featured. This included one episode where Nick went to find a basking shark off the coast of Cornwall, but instead found only otters, seagulls and a dog. After the last of the episodes had been shown Nick Baker appeared on TV Burp and called Hill a 'cheeky git', after throwing a custard pie in Harry's face at the end of a musical number.
Nick Baker is the Vice President of the national wildlife charity, Butterfly Conservation.
Radio
Baker is a regular contributor to Radio 4's The Natural History Programme and writes for many publications including the BBC Wildlife Magazine, Wildlife Watch, RSPB's Bird and Birdlife magazines, the Young Telegraph, the Bug Club magazine, Wild About Animals and FBX magazine.
Publications
Baker wrote Baker's Bug Book and the Natural History Almanac for the UK. He has also been involved in Five and Discovery Channel productions and has worked for National Geographic.
Education
He regularly tours schools with his animals to educate school children and often works with the RSPB.
Baker lives in Chagford on Dartmoor along with a growing menagerie of small animals including spiders, scorpions, stick insects, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies and moths. He keeps pet leeches in the fridge at home and often feeds them by attaching them to his leg. Among his favourites are cane toads and a collection of hissing cockroaches.
Personal life
Baker married long term girlfriend Ceri in 2009 at Tavistock Register Office. The couple originally met after Ceri was in the crowd at a gig that Nick, then an amateur musician, was playing with his band in Chagford's Jubilee Hall. They have a daughter together.
References
External links
Nick Baker Website (Official)
Nick Baker Forum (Official)
Nick Bakers (Official Shop)
The Really Wild Show (BBC)
Natural History Museum
1972 births
English television presenters
English naturalists
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Living people |
Strathmore University Business School (SBS) is the business school of Strathmore University. Based in Nairobi, Kenya, it offers Doctoral, Masters and Undergraduate programmes, as well as executive education programmes. It was started in 2005 through a partnership between Strathmore University and IESE Business School. As part of Strathmore University, it is a private non-profit institution and a corporate work of Opus Dei, a Personal Prelature of the Catholic Church. It was the first green business school in Africa.
History
In 2005, Strathmore University entered into a partnership with IESE Business School, creating Strathmore University Business School.
The new business school started its first program on 11 January 2006 with Dr George Njenga as the dean, offering the Advanced Management Program. Its MBA for Executives program was launched in 2007.
It operated from office space in the university's library, conducting classes in the conference facilities of hotels in Nairobi.
In 2009, construction began at the site of a new campus, at which it started operating in 2012. The building was designed to have a very low carbon footprint, receiving an award, in 2012, for being the Best Green Building Development in Africa.
Rankings
2014
1st in Kenya – Eduniversal
1st in Kenya – Webometrics
8th in Africa – Webometrics
2013
2nd in Kenya – Eduniversal
2011
3rd in Africa – African Business Review
Memberships and Accreditation
Strathmore Business School is a member of:
Association of African Business Schools (AABS)
Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB)
European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD)
Global Business School Network (GBSN)
African Academic Association on Entrepreneurship (AAAE)
Notable alumni
Iddah Asin, lawyer and Johnson & Johnson executive
Sheila Mwarangu, civil and structural engineer
References
External links
SBS Website
Strathmore University Website
Opus Dei Website
Strathmore University
Education in Nairobi
Educational institutions established in 2005
2005 establishments in Kenya |
```yaml
# This YAML configuration file holds the default values used for configuring 3D sensors.
# The name of this file shouldn't be changed, or else the Setup Assistant won't detect it.
# Values may not be ideal defaults, original source unclear.
sensors:
- sensor_plugin: occupancy_map_monitor/PointCloudOctomapUpdater
point_cloud_topic: /head_mount_kinect/depth_registered/points
max_range: 5.0
point_subsample: 1
padding_offset: 0.1
padding_scale: 1.0
max_update_rate: 1.0
filtered_cloud_topic: filtered_cloud
- sensor_plugin: occupancy_map_monitor/DepthImageOctomapUpdater
image_topic: /head_mount_kinect/depth_registered/image_raw
queue_size: 5
near_clipping_plane_distance: 0.3
far_clipping_plane_distance: 5.0
shadow_threshold: 0.2
padding_scale: 4.0
padding_offset: 0.03
max_update_rate: 1.0
filtered_cloud_topic: filtered_cloud
``` |
is a Japanese film director. His 1999 short film, Dolmen, received the Honorary Mention of the International Jury at the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen in 2000.
Career
Tominaga directed the first feature film, The Pavillion Salamandre, starring Joe Odagiri. He directed Pandora's Box, starring Shota Sometani and Riisa Naka, based on the novel by Osamu Dazai. He directed the comedy film, Vengeance Can Wait, starring Minami, Tadanobu Asano, Eiko Koike and Takayuki Yamada.
Tominaga directed The Echo of Astro Boy's Footsteps, which is a documentary about Matsuo Ohno, the sound designer for Astro Boy. It was described by James Marsh of Twitch Film as "not only a dream documentary for anyone who is a fan of the iconic Japanese anime character, but also a delight for audio-tech fanatics who remain unsated even after Berberian Sound Studio." It was listed by Jasper Sharp of Midnight Eye as the best Japanese film of 2012. The film screened at the Flatpack Film Festival in 2013.
Filmography
Feature films
The Pavillion Salamandre (2006)
Konna Otona no Onna no Ko (2007)
Pandora's Box (2009)
Vengeance Can Wait (2010)
Niwa ni Onegai (2011)
The Echo of Astro Boy's Footsteps (2011)
Me o Tojite Gira Gira (2011)
Pumpkin and Mayonnaise (2017)
Sutekina Dynamite Scandal (2017)
Between the White Key and the Black Key (2023)
Short films
Dolmen (1999)
Vicunas (2002)
Kamemushi (2003)
Tetrapod Report (2003)
Oriente Ring (2004)
Shirley Temple Japon (2005)
Shirley no Tenraku Jinsei (2009)
The Restaurant of Many Orders (2012) - based on Miyazawa Kenji's short story
News Lounge 25 (2012)
Music videos
Naruyoshi Kikuchi - "Nocturne for Machiko Kyo" (2005)
Soil & "Pimp" Sessions - "Mashiroke" (2007)
Sotaisei Riron - "Jigoku Sensei" (2008)
Etsuko Yakushimaru - "Oyasumi Paradox" (2009)
References
External links
1975 births
Japanese film directors
Living people
People from Ehime Prefecture |
Enter the Phoenix (Chinese: 大佬愛美麗, Daai lo oi mei lai, literally "Big brother loves beauty") is a 2004 Hong Kong film directed by Stephen Fung.
Plot
When gang master Hung died, his two followers Cheung and Chapman To were sent to Thailand to look for his son, Georgie Hung, to succeed him. Georgie, who is gay and lives as a cook with his boyfriend Frankie, is uninterested to continue his father's work. But his close friend Sam, adored the life of a gangster and took his position instead. Sam and Georgie thus returned to Hong Kong with their identities swapped.
Upon returning, they discovered that Hung had accidentally killed Cheng Chow's father and now Cheng Chow, a leading gangster of a friendly gang, led by Chan Wai-Man, is looking to avenge for his father's death.
Meanwhile, Chan Wai-Man wanted to let his daughter Julie to marry Sam in order to strengthen the bond between the two gangs. Sam initially agrees but later changed his mind when he discovered that Julie is not in love with him.
Finally, Cheng Chow kidnapped both Julie and Sam and forced Georgie to lead his gang on a rescue mission. Georgie, with help from Julie and Sam, defeated Cheng Chow in the final battle and told him to accept the fact that his father's death was an accident. Then Cheng Chow saved Georgie when one of his men tried to take his life.
Julie and Sam fell in love during the kidnapping and decided to get married while Sam and Georgie took joint leadership of the gang.
Full cast
Eason Chan - Sam
Daniel Wu - Georgie Hung Chi Kit
Karen Mok - Julie Lui
Chapman To - Chapman To
Law Kar-ying - Master 8 / Cheung / Father Fight
Stephen Fung - Cheng Chow
Yuen Biao - Georgie Hung's father
Nicholas Tse - Cock Head
Jackie Chan - Mr. Chan / Client of Julie (cameo)
Brian Lee - David
Michael Chan - Lui the Gang leader
Philip Ng - Bo
Chapman To - Kin
Sam Lee - Gay Man
Sammi Cheng - Head Restaurant Manager (cameo)
Hayama Go - Max Cheung (Chow's Henchman)
Chan Wai-Man - Lui
Lee Lik-Chi - Ma Leung
Glen Chin - Fat Ox
Maggie Lau - Breeze
Koey Wong - Precious
Tenky Kai Man Tin - Assassin
Courtney Wu - Mr. Ho
Ankee Leung - Kin's thug
Sam Hoh - Chow's thug
Chu Cho-Kuen (extra)
See also
Jackie Chan filmography
External links
2004 films
2000s Cantonese-language films
Hong Kong LGBT-related films
Films directed by Stephen Fung
2004 directorial debut films
2004 LGBT-related films
2000s Hong Kong films |
Jeffrey L. Coleman (born 1963) is an American politician. He is a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 32nd District, serving since 2019. He is a member of the Republican party.
Electoral history
Jeff Coleman has not yet had any opponents in the Republican primaries he has entered, thus getting nominated by default each time.
References
Living people
Republican Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
Politicians from Independence, Missouri
1963 births
21st-century American politicians |
The 2015 Tour of Austria is the 67th edition of the Tour of Austria cycling stage race. It started in Wien on 4 July with a team time trial prologue, and concluded in Bregenz on 12 July. This was the first time in several years that the race consisted of 8 stages plus a prologue. It was part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour, and was rated as a 2.HC event.
Schedule
Teams
20 teams were invited to the 2015 Tour of Austria: 6 UCI ProTeams, 7 UCI Professional Continental Teams and 7 UCI Continental Teams.
Stages
Prologue
4 July 2015 — Wien, team time trial (TTT)
Stage 1
5 July 2015 – Mörbisch to Scheibbs,
Stage 2
6 July 2015 – Litschau to Grieskirchen,
Stage 3
7 July 2015 – Windischgarsten to Judendorf-Straßengel,
Stage 4
8 July 2015 – Stift Rein/Gratwein to Dobratsch,
Stage 5
9 July 2015 – Faaker See/Drobollach to Matrei in Osttirol,
Stage 6
10 July 2015 – Lienz to Kitzbüheler Horn,
Stage 7
11 July 2015 – Kitzbühel to Innsbruck,
Stage 8
12 July 2015 – Innsbruck to Bregenz,
Classification leadership table
References
Tour of Austria
Tour of Austria
Tour of Austria |
RSX may refer to:
Computing
RSX, a RISC CPU from Encore Computer
RSX-11, an operating system family developed by Digital Equipment Corporation
RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', a graphics chip for the PS3
Resident System Extension, part of the CP/M Plus operating system
Other uses
Acura RSX, an automobile
Rhein-Sieg-Express, a German regional train service
RS:X (sailboard)
RSX Energy, a Canadian oil and gas company
Label for an X-ray observation made by ROSAT |
The National Championship of Chilean Rodeo (Campeonato Nacional de Rodeo chileno) is the highest-level rodeo competition in Chile.
Place: Medialuna de Rancagua
City: Rancagua
Riders with more titles: Juan Carlos Loaiza (9 titles), Ramón Cardemil (7 titles), Eduardo Tamayo (7 titles).
National champions of Chile
Statistics
Championships for riders
9:
Juan Carlos Loaiza (1987, 1988, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2014)
7:
Ramón Cardemil (1962, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1973, 1981)
Eduardo Tamayo (1977, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2007, 2012. 2014)
5:
Ruperto Valderrama (1962, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1968)
4:
Hugo Cardemil (1986, 1990, 1991, 1993)
3:
René Urzúa (1952, 1953, 1957)
Abelino Mora (1956, 1961, 1966)
Ricardo de la Fuente (1972, 1979, 1980)
Jesús Bustamante (1974, 1989, 1992)
René Guzmán (1982, 1995, 1996)
José Astaburuaga (1990, 1991, 1993)
2:
Santiago Urrutia (1955, 1969)
Miguel Lamoliatte (1961, 1966)
Samuel Parot (1969, 1977)
Pablo Quera (1970, 1975)
Raúl Cáceres (1970, 1975)
Manuel Fuentes (1973, 1981)
Carlos Mondaca (1987, 1988)
Vicente Yañez (1989, 1992)
José Manuel Rey (1995, 1996)
Claudio Hernández (2005, 2006)
Rufino Hernández (2005, 2006)
José Manuel Pozo (1998, 2016)
José Tomás Meza (2009, 2016)
Gustavo Valdebenito (2013, 2018)
Cristóbal Cortina (2010, 2018)
Championships associations
Curicó 14 (1962, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1993)
Valdivia 10 (1987, 1988, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2012, 2014)
Osorno 7 (1959, 1972, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1997)
Temuco 5 (1949, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1983)
Rancagua 4 (1976, 1989, 1992, 2011)
Talca 3 (1998, 2005, 2016)
Parral 2 (1955, 1969)
Chépica 2 (1952, 1953)
Bío-Bío 2 (1996, 2006)
Cordillera 2 (2009, 2010)
Santiago 2 (2015, 2016)
Malleco 2 (2018)
San Clemente 1 (1950)
Hospital 1 (1951)
Rengo 1 (1954)
Chimbarongo 1 (1957)
Río Bueno 1 (1958)
San Carlos 1 (1960)
Los Ángeles 1 (1964)
Puerto Octay 1 (1971)
Graneros 1 (1974)
Mulchén 1 (1982)
Chillán 1 (1984)
Melipilla 1 (1995)
Valparaíso 1 (1999)
Linares 1 (2004)
Cautín 1 (2008)
O'Higgins 1 (2011)
Llanquihue and Palena 1 (2017)
Horse championships
Reservado (1990, 1991, 1993)
Manicero (1962, 1965, 1968)
Talento (2000, 2002, 2007)
Aceitata (1961, 1966)
Matucho (1962, 1965)
Trampero (1968, 1973)
Estribillo (1978, 1980)
Rico Raco (1987, 1988)
Papayero (1987, 1988)
Lechón (1990, 1991)
Pretal (1995, 1996)
Canteado (1995, 1996)
Compadre, 2 (2013, 2018).
External links
Rodeo Chileno
Rodeo in Chile |
Drawsko Landscape Park (Drawski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in north-western Poland, established in 1979, covering an area of .
The Park lies within West Pomeranian Voivodeship: in Drawsko County (Gmina Czaplinek, Gmina Ostrowice, Gmina Złocieniec), Szczecinek County (Gmina Barwice, Gmina Borne Sulinowo) and Świdwin County (Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój).
There are valuable landscape objects, lakes (the largest Drawsko), moraine embankments and erratic boulders. There are over 40 species of legally protected plants in the park, and the avifauna consists of 148 species of breeding birds (including eagles, herons, cranes, black storks, cormorants). Among the fish there are, among others pike perch, perch, eel and whitefish.
Within the Landscape Park are eight nature reserves. Since 2012, the park has been part of the Complex of Landscape Parks of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Szczecin.
In 2020, the Landscape Parks Complex of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship signed a contract for the preparation of a protection plan for the park.
References
Drawsko
Parks in West Pomeranian Voivodeship
1979 establishments in Poland |
Pothanur Thabal Nilayam () is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language heist film written and directed by Praveen. The film features Praveen himself in the lead role, Anjali Rao and Venkat Sundar, and was released on 27 May 2022.
Cast
Production
Praveen Venkataraman began writing Pothanur Thabal Nilayam in the early 2010s. The film, set in the 1990s, focuses on the Podanur Post Office, the oldest and the first post office in Coimbatore, that has been functioning since 1886.
Praveen gained experience in filmmaking animation, by notably working as a technical director with Walt Disney Pictures and was a pipeline director on Soundarya Rajinikanth's Kochadaiiyaan (2014). Production on Pothanur Thabal Nilayam began by August 2015, with Praveen putting together a technical team of young short filmmakers from Coimbatore to assist him. The film was launched under his own studio – Bicycle Cinemas – and took five years to complete. Scenes were shot at Coimbatore Town Hall, which was redesigned to look like a post office. The film was shot across Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
In November 2021, Passion Studios acquired the film and announced intentions of making the film into a trilogy.
Reception
The film was released on 27 May 2022 on the streaming platform, aha. A reviewer from Cinema Express gave the film a negative review noting "director Praveen treats the film like an uninventive drama from the 80s, by topping it with cartoonish performances, overlong shots, and a jarring background score". The film received a middling review from The Hindu.
In contrast, IndiaGlitz gave the film a positive review citing it was an "innovative crime drama that impresses with its nostalgia" and "to go for this minimalistic experimental film that will surprise you with its entertainment quotient". Similarly, News Today also gave the film a positive review noted that "Praveen does a commendable job. He impresses not just as actor and filmmaker but also as art director. Anjali Rao does a super show." Behindwoods.com also praised the film noting "Overall, Pothanur Thabal Nilayam is an honest heist thriller that has got most of the elements right."Dinamalar critic gave mixture of reviews and gave 2.5 rating out of 5
References
External links
2020s heist films
2020s Tamil-language films
2022 crime drama films
2022 films
Aha (streaming service) original films
Indian crime drama films
Indian heist films |
He Zilin (; born 30 July 1998) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Chinese Super League side Guangzhou R&F.
Club career
He Zilin started his professional football career in August 2016 when he joined Hong Kong Premier League side R&F, which was the satellite team of Chinese Super League side Guangzhou R&F. On 9 February 2017, he made his senior debut in a 6–1 away loss to Eastern Long Lions.
Career statistics
.
References
External links
何子霖 at Hkfa.com
1998 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Chinese men's footballers
R&F (Hong Kong) players
Footballers from Guangzhou
Hong Kong Premier League players
21st-century Chinese people |
Morricone Youth is a New York City band formed in 1999 dedicated to writing, performing and recording music written for the moving image (e.g., film and television soundtrack and library production music). The band is composed of present or past members of Creedle, The Rugburns, Crash Worship, Palomar, Pretendo, Pain Teens, Yellowbirds, Fruit Bats and Mikael Jorgensen of Wilco's Pronto.
The band regularly composes and performs original music to projected films (e.g., silent films, midnight movies, animated films) in live settings including Jean Rollin's Fascination (1979), David Lynch's Eraserhead (1977), Rene Laloux's Fantastic Planet (1973), Lotte Reiniger's The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926), Alfred Hitchcock's The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927), George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead (1968), Ron and Valerie Taylor's Inner Space (1972), Robert Clouse's Enter the Dragon (1973), Jack Hill's Foxy Brown (1974), Mario Bava's Danger: Diabolik (1968), Saul Bass's Phase IV (1974), George Miller's Mad Max (1979), Sergei Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin (1925) and F.W. Murnau's Nosferatu (1922) and Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927). In addition to composing its own compositions and themes for such films, the band is committed to reinterpreting portions of the original score for each film it performs. Morricone Youth is currently in the process of recording and releasing a vinyl (and digital) LP or EP for each of the fifteen live scores it has performed to date. The first two, EPs for Night of the Living Dead and The Adventures of Prince Achmed, were released in September 2016. A full length LP for Mad Max was released in January 2017 and the Sunrise: A Song Of Two Humans LP is scheduled for release on August 9, 2017. The band has performed at Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM), Philadelphia Museum of Art, Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art (MASS MoCA) and Sydney Festival. In 2017, the band supported 1970s Italian prog soundtrack legends Goblin on their North American "Sound of Fear" tour.
Morricone Youth recorded its debut full length album of original music entitled Silenzio Violento in 2004 with Martin Bisi at B.C. Studio in Brooklyn, New York released on October 8, 2005 by Country Club Records. Four songs from Silenzio Violento were used in documentary film Second Skin directed by Juan Carlos Pineiro about MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games) and the people who play them. The film premiered at the SXSW Film Festival in March 2008.
Although the band was mostly inactive from 2007 to 2010, Morricone Youth resumed performing live in 2011. Current members include Devon E. Levins (guitar), John Castro (bass/vocals), Dan Kessler and Jefferson Rabb (analog keyboards/synthesizers), Evan Francis and Fraser Campbell (saxophone, flute, clarinet), Aaron Bahr (trumpet), Sami Stevens (vocals), and Brian Kantor and Eric Reeves (drums).
Guitarist/founder Devon E. Levins hosted a weekly Internet radio show from 2007 to 2014 under the same name on East Village Radio playing primarily obscure film and television soundtracks and library music and interviewing soundtrack composers such as Lalo Schifrin, Howard Blake, Irmin Schmidt of Can, Claudio Simonetti and Maurizio Guarini of Goblin, Sven Libaek, John Lurie, Danny Elfman, Elliot Goldenthal, Cliff Martinez, Carter Burwell, Fabio Frizzi, Alessandro Alessandroni, Jean Michel Jarre, Suzanne Ciani, Andrzej Korzynski, Warren Ellis and Alan Howarth. The radio show has since moved to WFMU under the new name Morricone Island.
Bassist John Castro is the son of bebop jazz pianist Joe Castro.
Discography
Albums:
Magnum Force (2003) Country Club Records (CCR-003)
Silenzio Violento (2005) Country Club Records (CC01013)
Mad Max (2017) Country Club Records (CCR-009)
Sunrise: A Song Of Two Humans (2017) Country Club Records (CCR-010)
Danger: Diabolik (2018) Country Club Records (CCR-011)
The Last Porno Show: Original Soundtrack (2020) Country Club Records (CCR-012)
The Lodger: The Story Of The London Fog (2021) Country Club Records (CCR-013)
EPs:
The Times Square (2001) Country Club Records (CCR-001)
The Sicilian Clan (2004) Country Club Records (CCR-004)
The Adventures of Prince Achmed (2016) Country Club Records (CCR-007)
Night of the Living Dead (2016) Country Club Records (CCR-008)
External links
The Official Morricone Youth Website
Morricone Island Radio Show
Morricone Youth Radio Show Archives
References
[ Allmusic]
San Diego Reader
Nitehawk Cinema
Musical groups established in 1999
Musical groups from New York City
1999 establishments in New York City
Light in the Attic Records artists |
Oakley is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is within the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. The population at the 2020 United States census was 43,357. Oakley was incorporated in 1999, making it the newest incorporated city in Contra Costa County.
Etymology
The name "oak" comes from the abundance of oak trees, while the suffix "-ley" comes from the Old English word for "field" or "meadow".
The name Oakley is of Old English origin and its meaning is "meadow of oak trees". This aptly describes the area when first settled and to some extent even today. However, if not for the flip of a coin and cribbage board the community may have been named Dewey. City founder Randolph Marsh wanted to name the city Dewey, after Admiral Dewey, in honor of Dewey's success at Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War. His friend J.T. Whightman preferred the name "Oakley" because the terrain was largely meadows and oaks. To determine which name would prevail they battled it out over a game of cribbage. Marsh may have lost the game and the right to name the city but he ensured his immortality by choosing downtown street names whose first initials spelled "Marsh" — Main, Acme, Ruby, Star and Home.
History
Indigenous history
Archeologists have found prehistoric sites in the Oakley area. One substantial shell mound was discovered early in the 20th century near what is now the eastern edge of town. The Northwest Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System monitors the archeological investigations undertaken in Oakley. Around three dozen such projects have been completed in the past 25 years, yielding only four prehistoric sites in the city. However, the information center believes there is a high possibility that other prehistoric sites remain within the city. To enable further archaeological excavation, the site referred to as Simon Mound was purchased by the Archaeological Conservancy after many of the ancient settlement places had already been destroyed by urban encroachment. Simone Mound has provided bones and fragments from burial sites starting around 1000 A.D. and is near a similar Conservancy preserve, the Hotchkiss Mound.
The first accounts of identifiable cultural community in the west delta are attributed to the Bay Miwoks, who occupied the region between 1100 and 1770 AD. The Bay Miwok people, usually called the Julpunes or Pulpunes by European explorers, were organized into "tribelets"—political units that included several fairly permanent villages and a set of seasonal campsites arrayed across a well-defined territory.
Spanish exploration
Incursions of the Spanish Empire into the Oakley area began in the 1770s. The first group to enter the present-day city limits was the De Anza expedition of 1775–76. However, after a failed attempt to find a route through the tule swamps to the Sierra, the De Anza expedition returned to Monterey. Subsequent expeditions by the Spanish did not result in colonization. Europeans settled in the Delta in the 19th century, but were killed by malaria and smallpox.
American period
Oakley's first post office was established in 1898.
Oakley became an incorporated city in 1999.
Geography and environment
According to reports provided by Money.com, Oakley experiences of annual rainfall with an average high temperature in July of and an average low temperature in January of . Oakley experiences 52% clear days throughout the year.
Oakley's western border is California State Route 160. The City of Antioch adjoins Oakley on the west, the city of Brentwood adjoins Oakley on the south, and Bethel Island lies to the east. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta forms the northern boundary. The southwestern skyline is dominated by Mt. Diablo.
Government
The City of Oakley is a general-law city, as opposed to a charter city, formed under state legislative statutes and governed by a body of laws in the state Constitution. Oakley operates under a council-manager form of government.
The Oakley City Council consists of five non-partisan council members elected "at large". Oakley's city council members are considered part-time because, aside from being council members, they have full-time jobs. This part-time nature of the council opens up opportunities for ordinary citizens who are working in the private sector to participate.
At the first council meeting in December, the mayor is selected by a majority of the city council from among currently serving council members. At this time a vice mayor is also selected.
Politics
In 2017, Oakley had 19,906 registered voters with 9,921 (49.8%) registered as Democrats, 4,705 (23.6%) registered as Republicans, and 4,371 (22%) decline to state voters. Records show that 662 Oakley voters are registered Independents, with an additional 55 registered Green Party members.
Agriculture
Oakley has had vineyards since the late 1800s. Early Portuguese and Italian immigrants found the climate amenable and planted thousands of acres of vineyards.
Nearly 80 percent of Oakley's roughly of vineyards are planted in Zinfandel. Oakley's grape harvest can conservatively be estimated at about 2,000 tons. These grapes are distributed to a number of local wineries.
Transportation
The BNSF Railway runs through town from east to west. This line also carries Amtrak California's San Joaquin service. In March of 2023 the decision was made to close the Amtrak Antioch–Pittsburg station and replace it with Oakley Station.
California State Route 4 used to run right through town from Antioch to Brentwood on Main Street. From 2000 to 2008 a Bypass was constructed from California State Route 160 to Marsh Creek Road south of Brentwood to extend the freeway from Antioch. Oakley relinquished Hwy 4 through downtown to the state in 2012, and is now connected through the Laurel Rd exit.
Oakley is part of the East Contra Costa Bicycle Plan, which has existing facilities in Oakley as well as plans for further expansion.
Fire services
The East Contra Costa Fire Protection District (ECCFPD) was formed in 2002 when the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors consolidated the East Diablo Fire District, Oakley-Knightsen Fire District and Bethel Island Fire District. ECCFPD serves the cities of Brentwood and Oakley, as well as the unincorporated areas of Bethel Island, Byron, Discovery Bay, Knightsen, and Marsh Creek-Morgan Territory.
After lengthy negotiations between the County and the cities of Oakley and Brentwood governance of the ECCFPD was turned over to a new governing board in February 2010.
Demographics
2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Oakley had a population of 35,432. The population density was . The racial makeup of Oakley was 22,641 (63.9%) White, 2,582 (7.3%) African American, 314 (0.9%) Native American, 2,236 (6.3%) Asian, 142 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 4,998 (14.1%) from other races, and 2,519 (7.1%) from two or more races. There were 12,364 people (34.9%) of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race.
The Census reported that 35,329 people (99.7% of the population) lived in households, 75 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 28 (0.1%) were institutionalized.
There were 10,727 households, out of which 5,479 (51.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 6,531 (60.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,412 (13.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 708 (6.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 747 (7.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 93 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,522 households (14.2%) were made up of individuals, and 515 (4.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.29. There were 8,651 families (80.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.62.
The population was spread out, with 10,808 people (30.5%) under the age of 18, 3,531 people (10.0%) aged 18 to 24, 10,149 people (28.6%) aged 25 to 44, 8,553 people (24.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,391 people (6.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.
There were 11,484 housing units at an average density of , of which 10,727 were occupied, of which 8,163 (76.1%) were owner-occupied, and 2,564 (23.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.5%. 26,778 people (75.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 8,551 people (24.1%) lived in rental housing units.
1999
As of the census of 2000, there were 25,619 people, 7,832 households, and 6,461 families residing in the city. The population density was 796.4/km2 (2,063.2/mi2). There were 7,946 housing units at an average density of 247.0/km2 (639.9/mi2). The racial makeup of the city was 75.50% White, 3.42% Black or African American, 0.89% Native American, 2.86% Asian, 0.29% Pacific Islander, 10.58% from other races, and 6.46% from two or more races. 24.98% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 7,832 households, out of which 52.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.2% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.26 and the average family size was 3.56.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 34.5% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $65,589, and the median income for a family was $68,888. Males had a median income of $49,883 versus $34,659 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,895. 5.0% of the population and 2.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 4.7% of those under the age of 18 and 7.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Education
The city is mainly served by the Oakley Union Elementary School District (K–8) and the Liberty Union High School District.
Elementary schools
Oakley Elementary School
Gehringer Elementary School
Laurel Elementary School
Vintage Parkway Elementary School
Iron House Elementary School
Orchard Park School (K–8, located in the Antioch Unified School District)
Almond Grove Elementary School
Summer Lake Elementary School (starting the 2019–20 academic year)
Middle schools
O'Hara Park Middle School
Delta Vista Middle School
Orchard Park School (K–8, located in the Antioch Unified School District)
High schools
Freedom High School
Public libraries
The Oakley branch of the Contra Costa County Library system is located in Oakley.
Notable people
Joe Mixon, running back for the Cincinnati Bengals, 2017–present
Nguyen Do, poet, editor, and translator, relocated from San Francisco to Oakley.
Lisa Joann Thompson, dancer, actress, choreographer, starred in In Living Color, Fame L.A. and Motown Live, lived in Oakley during her high school years.
Malik Izaak Taylor, known professionally as Phife Dawg (or simply Phife), was an American rapper and a member of the group A Tribe Called Quest, relocated from New York to Oakley.
References
External links
Local News (Eastcountytoday.net)
Oakley Local News (Oakley Press)
(Oakley Events EastCountyLive.com SPOTLIGHT)
Cities in Contra Costa County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Incorporated cities and towns in California
Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta |
Janine Ricalde Pontejos (born October 29, 1992) is a Filipino professional basketball player. She also represents the Philippine national team in international competitions.
College
Janine Pontejos first took up basketball growing up with her siblings in Lemery, Batangas. Her first competitive experience in the sport was as a varsity player of De La Salle Lipa. She part of both the school's athletics and basketball team. She later transferred to the Centro Escolar University and became part of the CEU Lady Scorpions. With the Lady Scorpions, she was named MVP for four times in the Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association (WNCAA) and her team dominated the National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (NAASCU).
As of 2021, she is part of the CEU Lady Scorpions staff as an assistant coach.
Club
Pontejos has played in the Women's National Basketball League in the Philippines. In its first season in 2019, Pontejos led the Taguig Lady Generals to a second place finish and she was named as season MVP. In the 2022 season, she helped the Philippine Army Lady Battalions clinch the WNBL title.
National team
Pontejos has played for the Philippine national team. She was a part of the Philippines national 3x3 side which took part in the 2018 FIBA 3x3 World Cup which was hosted in Bocaue, Bulacan. As an individual, she won the gold medal in that tournament's shoot-out competition.
She has suit up for the team in the 2019 Southeast Asian Games were she two gold medals; as part of the traditional 5-a-side team and the 3x3 national team. She also played for the country at the 2019 William Jones Cup.
Personal life
Pontejos joined the Philippine Army in 2020. She holds the rank of Private First Class as of 2022. She has a degree in business administration from CEU.
References
1992 births
Living people
Competitors at the 2017 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2019 SEA Games
Filipino women's basketball players
Philippines women's national basketball team players
SEA Games medalists in basketball
SEA Games gold medalists for the Philippines
Centro Escolar University alumni
Basketball players from Batangas
Competitors at the 2021 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2023 SEA Games
SEA Games medalists in 3x3 basketball
SEA Games silver medalists for the Philippines
Basketball players at the 2022 Asian Games |
Cara Black and Liezel Huber were the defending champions and won in the final by beating Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
2009 DFS Classic Draws
ITF Tournament Page
ITF doubles results page
Aegon Classic - Doubles
Aegon Classic - Doubles
Doubles |
Rodion Bochkov (, born 27 September 1993) is a Russian weightlifter competing in the 105 kg category until 2018 and 109 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories.
Career
In 2019 he competed at the 2019 European Weightlifting Championships in the 109 kg division, winning a silver medal in the snatch and a bronze medal in the total.
Major results
References
Living people
1993 births
Russian male weightlifters
European Weightlifting Championships medalists
21st-century Russian people |
Techno Army featuring Gary Numan is a remix album by English musician Gary Numan. It was released in April 1996 and consists of remixes of various Numan tracks from 1979 to 1994 with newly recorded vocals by Numan. The artwork and booklet do not confirm who remixed the tracks, though it is likely to be Nick Smith and Miles Seabrook (with the definite exception of "Cars" (Talla 2XLC Remix).
Numan's own liner notes state:-
"As a songwriter, to have other musicians cover your songs is something of an honour. To have almost an entire album devoted to your work is extremely flattering and so, for me, this has been a most interesting time. My original versions of these songs, recorded over the last 16 years or so, are somewhat different and so it has been fascinating to watch other musicians' interpretations of them come to life.
My own music has, particularly over the last two years, taken a much darker, heavier direction and so it is highly unlikely that I personally, would have reworked these songs in this style. For that reason alone this album is somewhat disconnected from me but is, nonetheless, something that makes me enormously proud and I am grateful to Nick and Miles for putting it together."
Track listing
"Are 'Friends' Electric?" – 5:39
"Cars" – 4:14
"We Are So Fragile" – 4:20
"We Are Glass" – 5:33
"She's Got Claws" – 4:12
"I Die: You Die" – 4:26
"Deadliner" – 4:09
"Machine and Soul" – 4:21
"Emotion" – 5:12
"A Question of Faith" – 4:10
"U Got the Look" – 4:17
"Cars" (Rush Hour Skadiva) – 4:18
"Cars" (Talla 2XLC Remix) – 5:40
References
Gary Numan albums
1996 remix albums |
The 1937 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1937 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 6–4 record (4–1 against NCC opponents), finished in second place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 159 to 65. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.
Schedule
References
South Dakota
South Dakota Coyotes football seasons
South Dakota Coyotes football |
Hindutva pop is Indian pop music that promotes Hindutva or Hindu nationalist ideas. Typically Hindutva pop songs are in Hindi but have also been composed in other languages. The music has become increasingly popular in the 2010s and 2020s, both online and offline, and frequently includes hateful lyrics targeting Muslims in India.
One popular Hindutva song by Laxmi Dubey, "Har Ghar Bhagwa Chayega" (Every House Shall Turn Saffron), has been played more than 65 million times online. Hindutva pop music is especially popular within India's cow belt, considered to be a Hindutva stronghold. The songs have sometimes been played on loudspeakers by Hindu mobs during violent attacks on Muslims.
See also
Hate media
Saffronisation
Serbia Strong
References
Indian pop
Hindutva
Hindu nationalism
Anti-Islam sentiment in India
Hinduism-related controversies
Hinduism in pop culture-related controversies
Political music genres
Islamophobia in India |
Jules "Jay" Jacobs Jr. (born June 18, 1938 in Morgantown, West Virginia, United States) is a retired public school administrator and is currently the radio color analyst with Tony Caridi for West Virginia University's Mountaineer Sports Network basketball coverage. His parents, Jules and Helen Jacobs raised him in Morgantown with his two sisters, Jennifer and Judie. He attended the Little Red Schoolhouse, Morgantown Junior High and Morgantown High School.
Playing career
He played guard on Morgantown High’s 1956 team that finished as state runner up. He had 38 points and he fouled out in the third quarter of the semi-finals. The Mohigans played against fellow rival and future teammate Jerry West’s East Bank team. He was named all state for the second time in his high school career.
Jay graduated from Morgantown High in 1956 and went on to attend West Virginia University as a Physical Education Major. He played basketball for WVU along with Jerry West and Willie Akers. The three of them were on the freshman team that was coached by the late Quentin Barnette. They finished the season with a 36–0 record. Perhaps some of the most talented recruits of their time. “In 1958, we went 26–1, won the Southern Conference championship and finished No. 1 in the Associated Press poll. If Don Vincent hadn’t broken his leg in the league tournament, that team probably would have won the NCAA title.” Commented Jay. The Mountaineers were beaten by Manhattan 89–84 in the first round of the NCAA tournament held at Madison Square Garden. That squad went on to make great strides for the Mountaineers. Jacobs, who sprained his ankle badly his junior year didn't play as much but has fond memories of the team led by West.
Coaching career
After graduating from WVU Jay took the head basketball coaching position at Benwood Union High. He coached for four years there before the Marshall County schools were consolidated. Jay then moved he and his wife Bonnie and their daughter, Lisa, to Frederick, Maryland where he coached basketball at Thomas Johnson High School. He taught physical education and served as the athletic director.
Broadcasting career
He retired from coaching, but that only allowed him to pick up his love for basketball in a new area: color commentating. Jacobs spent 18 seasons as basketball analyst on MSN-TV and worked through the years with play-by-play announcers: Jack Fleming, Woody O'Hara and Tony Caridi. He has made the trip from his home in Walkersville to Morgantown to do basketball games more times than he can count. Today, he works for the University and MSN providing color analysis on the radio with Tony Caridi as they cover the men's basketball games. Since 1998 he has covered on average 55 games a year on radio.
Trivia
Jay and his wife Bonnie (married in 1963) have two children, John and Lisa and four grandchildren. They all live near Frederick, Maryland. He continues to follow WVU basketball and travels with the team giving expert analysis and plenty of laughs to those he crosses paths with. He is also interviewed on ESPN's SportsCentury about Jerry West.
References
MSN Personalities
WVUStats.com player profile
1938 births
American sports announcers
Basketball players from West Virginia
Living people
Morgantown High School alumni
Sportspeople from Frederick, Maryland
Sportspeople from Morgantown, West Virginia
Radio personalities from West Virginia
West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball players
American men's basketball players |
In graph theory, a graph property or graph invariant is a property of graphs that depends only on the abstract structure, not on graph representations such as particular labellings or drawings of the graph.
Definitions
While graph drawing and graph representation are valid topics in graph theory, in order to focus only on the abstract structure of graphs, a graph property is defined to be a property preserved under all possible isomorphisms of a graph. In other words, it is a property of the graph itself, not of a specific drawing or representation of the graph.
Informally, the term "graph invariant" is used for properties expressed quantitatively, while "property" usually refers to descriptive characterizations of graphs. For example, the statement "graph does not have vertices of degree 1" is a "property" while "the number of vertices of degree 1 in a graph" is an "invariant".
More formally, a graph property is a class of graphs with the property that any two isomorphic graphs either both belong to the class, or both do not belong to it. Equivalently, a graph property may be formalized using the indicator function of the class, a function from graphs to Boolean values that is true for graphs in the class and false otherwise; again, any two isomorphic graphs must have the same function value as each other. A graph invariant or graph parameter may similarly be formalized as a function from graphs to a broader class of values, such as integers, real numbers, sequences of numbers, or polynomials, that again has the same value for any two isomorphic graphs.
Properties of properties
Many graph properties are well-behaved with respect to certain natural partial orders or preorders defined on graphs:
A graph property P is hereditary if every induced subgraph of a graph with property P also has property P. For instance, being a perfect graph or being a chordal graph are hereditary properties.
A graph property is monotone if every subgraph of a graph with property P also has property P. For instance, being a bipartite graph or being a triangle-free graph is monotone. Every monotone property is hereditary, but not necessarily vice versa; for instance, subgraphs of chordal graphs are not necessarily chordal, so being a chordal graph is not monotone.
A graph property is minor-closed if every graph minor of a graph with property P also has property P. For instance, being a planar graph is minor-closed. Every minor-closed property is monotone, but not necessarily vice versa; for instance, minors of triangle-free graphs are not necessarily themselves triangle-free.
These definitions may be extended from properties to numerical invariants of graphs: a graph invariant is hereditary, monotone, or minor-closed if the function formalizing the invariant forms a monotonic function from the corresponding partial order on graphs to the real numbers.
Additionally, graph invariants have been studied with respect to their behavior with regard to disjoint unions of graphs:
A graph invariant is additive if, for all two graphs G and H, the value of the invariant on the disjoint union of G and H is the sum of the values on G and on H. For instance, the number of vertices is additive.
A graph invariant is multiplicative if, for all two graphs G and H, the value of the invariant on the disjoint union of G and H is the product of the values on G and on H. For instance, the Hosoya index (number of matchings) is multiplicative.
A graph invariant is maxing if, for all two graphs G and H, the value of the invariant on the disjoint union of G and H is the maximum of the values on G and on H. For instance, the chromatic number is maxing.
In addition, graph properties can be classified according to the type of graph they describe: whether the graph is undirected or directed, whether the property applies to multigraphs, etc.
Values of invariants
The target set of a function that defines a graph invariant may be one of:
A truth-value, true or false, for the indicator function of a graph property.
An integer, such as the number of vertices or chromatic number of a graph.
A real number, such as the fractional chromatic number of a graph.
A sequence of integers, such as the degree sequence of a graph.
A polynomial, such as the Tutte polynomial of a graph.
Graph invariants and graph isomorphism
Easily computable graph invariants are instrumental for fast recognition of graph isomorphism, or rather non-isomorphism, since for any invariant at all, two graphs with different values cannot (by definition) be isomorphic. Two graphs with the same invariants may or may not be isomorphic, however.
A graph invariant I(G) is called complete if the identity of the invariants I(G) and I(H) implies the isomorphism of the graphs G and H. Finding an efficiently-computable such invariant (the problem of graph canonization) would imply an easy solution to the challenging graph isomorphism problem. However, even polynomial-valued invariants such as the chromatic polynomial are not usually complete. The claw graph and the path graph on 4 vertices both have the same chromatic polynomial, for example.
Examples
Properties
Connected graphs
Bipartite graphs
Planar graphs
Triangle-free graphs
Perfect graphs
Eulerian graphs
Hamiltonian graphs
Integer invariants
Order, the number of vertices
Size, the number of edges
Number of connected components
Circuit rank, a linear combination of the numbers of edges, vertices, and components
diameter, the longest of the shortest path lengths between pairs of vertices
girth, the length of the shortest cycle
Vertex connectivity, the smallest number of vertices whose removal disconnects the graph
Edge connectivity, the smallest number of edges whose removal disconnects the graph
Chromatic number, the smallest number of colors for the vertices in a proper coloring
Chromatic index, the smallest number of colors for the edges in a proper edge coloring
Choosability (or list chromatic number), the least number k such that G is k-choosable
Independence number, the largest size of an independent set of vertices
Clique number, the largest order of a complete subgraph
Arboricity
Graph genus
Pagenumber
Hosoya index
Wiener index
Colin de Verdière graph invariant
Boxicity
Real number invariants
Clustering coefficient
Betweenness centrality
Fractional chromatic number
Algebraic connectivity
Isoperimetric number
Estrada index
Strength
Sequences and polynomials
Degree sequence
Graph spectrum
Characteristic polynomial of the adjacency matrix
Chromatic polynomial, the number of -colorings viewed as a function of
Tutte polynomial, a bivariate function that encodes much of the graph's connectivity
See also
Hereditary property
Logic of graphs, one of several formal languages used to specify graph properties
Topological index, a closely related concept in chemical graph theory
References
Graph theory |
XHEI-FM is a radio station in San Luis Potosí City, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Broadcasting on 93.1 FM, XHEI is owned by Grupo Radiorama and is known as Romántica with a romantic music format.
History
XEEI-AM 1070 signed on in 1985 as Radiorama's first affiliated station in San Luis Potosí, known as Radio Servicio Social and owned by a concessionaire of the same name; its concession was awarded March 12, 1986. In the early 1990s, after doubling its power, XEEI became "La Mexicana", later "Fiesta Mexicana", and then "Romántica 10-70" in January 1999.
In 2002, MG Radio took over operations of the station, which became known as "Momentos 10-70". Radio S.A. took control in January 2006, turning XEEI into "Radio Trece 1070 AM" and rebroadcasting XEDA-AM's talk programming. MG Radio once more began operating XEEI in January 2008, giving it the Ke Buena grupera format.
In September 2010, XEEI and XHSS-FM 91.9 were sold to Radiorama, which briefly operated XEEI as "La Poderosa" with yet another new name and format. On December 29 of that year, XEEI gained its FM counterpart, XHEI-FM 93.1, and on January 31, 2011, the new AM-FM combo began stunting to a new format, "Antena Radio 93.1" (stylized as ANT:NA), with rock and alternative music. The format did not make it out of 2011, and romantic music returned on October 12 of that year.
In July 2012, as a result of XEWA-AM/XHEWA-FM's format change to Los 40 Principales, XHEI began airing select W Radio programs until January 2017.
References
External links
Mass media in San Luis Potosí City
Radio stations established in 1985
Radio stations in San Luis Potosí |
Robert W. White (1922 — 1985) was mayor of Scarborough, Ontario from 1969 until 1972; the second person to hold the office.
White was a businessman who operated a florist business, James White & Sons, founded by his grandfather in 1920 and still operated by the White family as of 2022.
He was elected a school trustee in 1956 before being elected to Scarborough Township Council in 1959. When Scarborough mayor Ab Campbell was appointed Metro Chairman in 1969, Scarbrough council acclaimed White to succeed him as mayor and he went on to be elected outright in the 1969 municipal election.
During his tenure in office, the Scarborough Civic Centre and Scarborough Town Centre were planned and built.
White was embroiled in a scandal when he accepted a free flight from a land developer so that he would return to Scarborough from Halifax, Nova Scotia in time to vote for a public housing project in which the developer was involved. Earlier, in 1960 when he was a town councillor, White proposed a bylaw that zoned an area that included his florist business' two acre Kennedy Street property for apartment buildings and failed to declare a conflict of interest. This vote also became an issue during the 1972 election. The controversies led to his defeat in the 1972 mayoral election by Paul Cosgrove.
References
1922 births
1985 deaths
Mayors of Scarborough, Toronto
Metropolitan Toronto councillors |
"Queen of Jordan" is the seventeenth episode of the fifth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, and the 97th overall episode of the series. It was written by Tracey Wigfield and directed by Ken Whittingham. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on March 17, 2011. The episode follows a reality show format and often parallels the events of The Real Housewives franchise. Guest stars in this episode include Sherri Shepherd, Susan Sarandon and Tituss Burgess.
This episode aired as an episode of Queen of Jordan, a fictional reality series that started sometime during the events of "Mrs. Donaghy". In this episode, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) tasks Liz with convincing Angie to get Tracy to return from Africa. Meanwhile, Frank is found by his lost love. Throughout the episode, Jack gets into embarrassing situations and Jenna tries to be the focus of the reality show's cameras.
This episode of 30 Rock received generally positive reviews from television critics. According to Nielsen Media Research, "Queen of Jordan" was watched by 4.192 million households during its original broadcast, and received a 1.7 rating/5 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic.
Plot
The episode begins with Angie Jordan (guest star Sherri Shepherd) headed for a meeting with Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) to discuss how her new single "My Single Is Dropping" is dropping. Jack offers to throw a release party on the set of TGS, but during the conversation, he trips, which gets caught by the cameras. Liz Lemon (Tina Fey), head writer of TGS, begs Angie to get Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) to come back from Africa, but Angie doesn't want to.
Liz is worried, but Jack tells Liz to continue trying to convince Angie to get Tracy back from Africa. Liz uses several attempts, at first impersonating Tracy (to which Angie says, "Don't do impressions of other races"). Liz then shows her their wedding video, saying that she "mixed up" the DVD of that with the DVD of the backup dancers' auditions for the release party of the song (which is revealed to be 15 seconds long). This also fails. When Liz sees that Tracy came to their wedding with handcuffs and police behind him, this proves how "exhausting" Tracy is to Angie. Liz's third attempt, sending an e-mail from Angie's computer to Tracy, is the last straw for Angie. She then proceeds to pull out Liz's hair (thinking that it was a weave) and explains that she is contractually obliged to "pull out some bitches' weaves eight more times this season."
Throughout the episode, Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) tries to get more screen time and promote her website Jennas-Side.com (which, when said out loud, sounds like "genocide") with the reality show cameras by throwing wine at several people. While drunk, Portia (Moya Angela), talks to Jenna about her alcoholism. Jenna pretends to not like the planned intervention, while actually loving it because it will get her more screen time. However, her plan backfires in the end when Pete, who led the intervention, sends Jenna to rehab. Jenna ends up knocking the driver unconscious and sneaks off to Angie's single release party.
Meanwhile, Jack Donaghy is being portrayed as a clumsy, gay flatulent when he is talking to Grizz and Dot Com about his college days. He goes on to say that he "went both ways" (i.e., played on both offense and defense in football) and was "on the DL" (i.e., the baseball disabled list). It is then presumed that he is gay because of his misconstrued statements. Angie's gay friend D'Fwan (Tituss Burgess) talks to him about this. Jack, in a talking head interview, says that he is not gay, but further embarrasses himself when a fart sound is heard as he stands up from the chair.
Meanwhile, news of Lynn Onkman's (guest star Susan Sarandon) release from jail reveals to the TGS office that one of the writers, Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander), was Lynn's lover when he was 14. This led to Lynn Onkman's arrest and status as a registered sex offender. Lynn meets Frank at the TGS office. Inspired by their love, Randi (Paula Leggett Chase) sets them up on a date at her pole-dancing studio and watches them while she dances on a pole. Frank and Lynn have an argument because she talks about how he has remained "stuck" as a boy who loves comic books and action figures. Frank storms out, but the next day, he brings all his toys to her workplace in a fast food restaurant and puts them in a deep fryer to prove that he is ready to become a man she loves. Lynn is fired, but Frank and Lynn rekindle their relationship.
At the release party, Liz finally confronts Angie about getting Tracy back and tells her that Tracy is a part of their family. She goes on to say her family is as "thick as thieves" before flipping a table, likely referencing a phrase used by Caroline Manzo and the infamous table flip by Teresa Giudice, both stars of the Real Housewives of New Jersey. Angie cries, but when Liz apologizes, she says that it is because of seeing how Frank and Lynn love each other. She goes on to say that she misses her "weird love" with Tracy. Angie confesses that she has been trying to get Tracy to come back since he left, but because he doesn't want to go back, she pretends to be happy about it.
Reception
According to the Nielsen Media Research, this episode of 30 Rock was watched by 4.192 million households in its original American broadcast. It earned a 1.7 rating/5 share in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 1.7 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 5 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The figure was a decrease from the previous episode, TGS Hates Women, which was seen by 4.501 million households.
Alan Sepinwall of HitFix was largely positive toward the episode, describing it as "a pretty thorough send-up of the cliches of the Real Housewives franchise" and opining that "Jack sinking deeper and deeper into the show's caricatured conception of him was hilarious". Sepinwall also noted that "Tracy Morgan's medical leave [had] forced the show to vamp a bit, and this was a particularly creative bit of vamping with some fine gags", however he commented that he looked forward to the show returning to normal the following week.
The A.V. Club critic Emily VanDerWerff commented on the improved quality that the fifth season of 30 Rock had demonstrated, attributing it to the show "rediscovering its sense of playfulness". She praised the primary plot, commenting that "the Liz storyline was unexpectedly moving, as Liz’s farcical attempts to get Tracy to come back [...] led to the revelation that Angie has been trying to get Tracy to come back to no avail". However, she also noted that the episode's format crowded out a number of storylines, including the one featuring Susan Sarandon.
Dan Forcella of TV Fanatic was also positive toward the episode, praising the character of Angie and saying that "everything about [the] spoof worked", whilst Ian McDonald of TVOverMind said that the humour in the episode "reads like a checklist for 'Housewife' reality shows to adhere to" and concluded that "including the minor hiccups, "Queen of Jordan" was the best episode of the season, if not the most memorable".
References
External links
2011 American television episodes
30 Rock (season 5) episodes
Fictional television shows
Reality television series parodies |
Miss Britain III is a racing power boat designed and built by Hubert Scott-Paine.
In 1932, Scott-Paine asked Rolls-Royce for a 'R' engine which had powered the winning entrant in the 1931 Schneider Trophy. He planned to challenge Garfield 'Gar' Wood's Miss America X for the Harmsworth Trophy. No engine was then available so there the matter rested.
In February 1933, with the success of his Power-Napier engine to which he had exclusive rights, Scott-Paine issued his challenge for the Harmsworth Trophy. Within less than ten weeks, he had designed and built Miss Britain III in conditions of great secrecy at his Hythe workshops. The result was revolutionary, with stringers of metal-reinforced wood and aluminium cladding, a single Napier Lion VIID engine, and a length of only . The attention to detail is evident in the thousands of duralumin countersunk screws with the slots all in line with the water or air flow. George Selman designed a new propeller after the existing designs proved unsatisfactory. Testing was carried out in great secrecy on Southampton Water in the early dawn.
The team sailed for America in August 1933 and the contest was held on the St. Clair River at Algonac, Michigan on 4 September. The contest was very closely fought, but Wood managed to win by a small margin, and Scott-Paine returned to Britain to a hero's welcome.
Following a fire on board which was quickly put out and the boat repaired, a record breaking attempt was made on 16 November 1933 on Southampton Water by Scott-Paine and Gordon Thomas.
Miss Britain III was taken to Venice in 1934 where Scott-Paine won both the Prince of Piedmont's Cup and the Count Volpi Trophy.
In 1951 Scott-Paine presented Miss Britain III to the National Maritime Museum where it remains on view.
References
External links
Racing motorboats
Vehicles powered by Napier Lion engines |
Count Nils Brahe (14 October 1604 – 21 November 1632) was a Swedish soldier and younger brother of Per Brahe and Margareta Brahe. He served with distinction under King Gustavus Adolphus, who regarded him as the best general in the Swedish army after Lennart Torstenson.
Life
Brahe was born at Rydboholm Castle (now in Österåker Municipality) in Uppland. He was the son of riksråd Count Abraham Pedersson Brahe of Visingsborg (1569-1630) and Elsa Gyllenstierna of Lundholm, and as such the brother of Margareta Brahe and Per Brahe, and the cousin of Ebba Brahe.
He took part in the Polish-Swedish Wars, in which he first participated in the siege and capture of Riga (1621), and later served with distinction in Poland (1626–1627) and assisted in the defence of Stralsund in 1628. On 16 April 1628 he married baroness Anna Margareta Bielke at the Stockholm castle, at double wedding, when also his elder brother count Peder Brahe married Kristina Katarina Stenbock.
In 1630 he accompanied Gustavus into Germany, in the Thirty Years' War and in 1631 was appointed colonel of "the yellow regiment," the king's world-renowned life-guards, at the head of which he captured the castle of Würzburg on October 8, 1631. Brahe took part in the long duel between Gustavus and Wallenstein around Nuremberg as general of infantry, and commanded the left wing at Lützen on November 6, 1632, where he was the only Swedish general officer present. At the very beginning of the fight he received a gunshot wound to his left knee so severe that he had to retire from the battle. After the fighting ended Brahe travelled to Naumburg to recuperate but his condition deteriorated over the next few weeks and he finally died on November 21, 1632 at the age of 28.
Brahe was buried in the church at Östra Ryd.
See also
Nils Magnus Brahe
References
1604 births
1632 deaths
People from Österåker Municipality
Swedish Army generals
Swedish nobility
Nils
17th-century Swedish military personnel
Swedish military personnel of the Thirty Years' War |
The Tooele Valley Railway was a railroad founded in 1908, and owned by the Anaconda Copper corporation. The line ran from a connection with the Union Pacific Railroad and the Western Pacific Railroad at Warner Station on the western edge of Tooele, Utah, to a terminus at the International Smelting and Refining Company smelter operations on the eastern edge of Tooele. The line was abandoned around 1982, nearly a decade after the smelter closure and the end of production at the nearby Carr Fork Mine.
The Tooele Station has been preserved to form the Tooele Valley Museum and Historic Park and has been registered on the National Register of Historic Places as the Tooele Valley Railroad Complex.
Description
The Tooele Valley Railway was founded in 1908, by the Utah Consolidated Mining Company to connect the International Smelter to the Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad (later bought out by the Union Pacific Railroad). In 1917 the Western Pacific Railroad built a branch line to connect with the Tooele Valley Railway The line ran from a connection with the mainline on the west end of Tooele, Utah, to the smelter located on the bench of the Oquirrh Mountains.
A large portion of the Tooele Valley Railway was a street running railroad, traveling through Vine Street until reaching Tooele Station. The grade traveled out of the city until crossing a wooden trestle at the mouth of Middle Canyon. In later years the trestle was filled in with rock overburden to stabilize it. The grade continued along the mountain bench until reaching the smelter. In 1937 a branch line was built connecting the line to the Elton Tunnel. The smelter closed in 1972, and the railroad lost its main revenue source. The railroad briefly served the Carr Fork Mine project during the late 1970s. Union Pacific Railroad's Warner depot which had served the interchange point between the Tooele Valley Railway and the UP, burned down in December 1975. The last revenue train ran on July 7, 1980. The line was abandoned by 1982. Reclamation of the grade was performed as part of the Superfund program.
Locomotives
The Tooele Valley Railway owned several steam locomotives. During the majority of the steam era, the line owned four 2-8-0 locomotives, numbers #9 through #12. The line also operated an 0-6-0 locomotive #3, and a 2-6-0 locomotive #2. The majority of the line's steam locomotives were retired in 1955, when an EMD SW1200 locomotive #100 was purchased, later an EMD SW900 locomotive was purchased from Pickering Lumber Company in 1966, becoming locomotive #104. Locomotive #11 was kept as a back up for the diesel locomotive until 1963.
Preservation
Locomotive #11 and #12 were built as part of an order of 2-8-0's for the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad by the American Locomotive Company at their Brooks Locomotive Works in 1910. Bankruptcy caused the Buffalo and Susquehanna to cancel the order, and ALCO kept the locomotives until selling them. #11 and #12 were sent to the Tooele Valley Railway in 1912. Locomotive #11 would be preserved after retirement in 1963. #12 was scrapped in 1956, with the tender being used to mount a snowplow. #11 would be the last steam locomotive in Utah to be used in revenue freight service. First displayed near the intersection of Vine Street and 200 West, #11 was moved to the Tooele Valley Railroad Museum in 1982 via rail. The museum also preserved the snowplow mounted to locomotive #12's tender, several pieces of Maintenance of way equipment, and a pair of caboose from the railway. Locomotive #100 and #104 were sold to new owners. It is also believed Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México #2501 a former Hines Construction company engine was likely used as Tooele Valley Railway #1 during the route's early years before it was transferred to Mexico, it is preserved in Monterrey, Mexico.
See also
List of Utah railroads
Anaconda Copper
List of Superfund sites in Utah
References
Utah railroads |
The Francis Buttrick House is a historic house at 44 Harvard Street in Waltham, Massachusetts. Built before 1852, it is one of a small number of temple-front Greek Revival houses in the city. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
Description and history
The Francis Buttrick House stands in a densely built residential area west of downtown Waltham, on the east side of Harvard Street between Charles Street and Harvard Places. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and exterior clad in a variety of finishes. Its principal distinguishing features is the massive two-story Greek Revival portico, with four fluted Doric Columns (one a modern replacement) supporting a full entablature and pedimented gable. The front facade has full-height windows, with the main entrance in the leftmost of three bays. A series of ells extend the building to the rear.
The house was built sometime before 1852; at the time of its listing on the National Register in 1989, it was one of four surviving temple-fronted houses in the city. It was originally located a short way to the south, facing Charles Street, and was moved to its present location in the 1860s by Francis Buttrick, who apparently used it as a rental property.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Waltham, Massachusetts
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Waltham, Massachusetts
Colonial Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1874 |
Istanbul Volleyball Club (Turkish: İstanbul Voleybol Kulübü: İVK) is a sports club founded in 2010 in Üsküdar district of Istanbul, Turkey. Apart from volleyball, it also operates an archery branch. The archery branch participates in competitions under the name of İVK Archery. Nüket Yolaç is the president of the club, which has red, white and black colors.
Men's volleyball team
The club's men's volleyball team competed in the Istanbul Senior Men's League between 2010 and 2015. Since the 2015–2016 season, it has started to compete in the Regional League, which is the upper league of the Istanbul Senior Men's League. In the Regional League in the 2016-2017 and 2018–2019 seasons, it was promoted to the 2nd League of Turkey as the Istanbul champion and participated in the finals. It finished second both seasons.
2010-2015 seasons
Although it started shortly after its establishment, it formed the A Men's team and completed the 2010–2011 season, the first season in which it joined the Big Men League, ranking 5th among 18 teams.
Completing the group stage in the 2011–2012 season in the first two places, the club faced the Ataşehir Tennis Club in the last game of the league. Although he was ahead 2-0 by winning 23, it lost its medal chances when they lost the 3rd and 4th sets 16–25, 20–25. Losing 15–9 in the 5th set, the team lost 3-2 from the last game and finished the 2011–2012 season in Istanbul in 4th place of 19 teams.
In the 2012–2013 season, Istanbul Volleyball, which faced the leader Büyükdere in the last match of the Istanbul Senior Men's final group, took the first set 25-13 and took the lead 1–0. In the 4th set, it lost the set it had led for a long time, 23-25 and lost 3–1, thus completing the final group with 4 wins and 3 defeats with 12 points, İVK came 4th in Istanbul in the Big Men League, of 17 teams.
In the 2013–2014 season, after the group stage, he finished 4th in the final group where 10 teams competed, and the 5th in the first round of the Play-Off, the Olimpia 2023 team with the results of 3-0 and 3-0 and reached the semi-finals in the series. Matching with Titan Academy, Istanbul Volleyball lost the first match 3–2, scoring 5 matches. In the second match, the club lost 3–1 to its opponent, Istanbul became the right to play the match for the third place. He finished the league he participated in as 4th in Istanbul.
Istanbul Volleyball, which won 10 wins in 10 matches in the group in the Big Men League in the 2014–2015 season and won the final group and won the first match of the final group, on April 15, before the Beyogluspor match, with a sufficient number of athletes and the team captain, the decision of the board of directors after it was conveyed to the club by our team captain. has decided to withdraw from the league in the rest of the league. Before the match, this notification was made by his opponent Beyoğluspor and the match was canceled.
2015-2016 season
In the 2015–2016 season, in which it competed in the regional league for the first time, the club separated its ways with all the players who played in the team in the previous season and formed a new team by making 12 transfers. Being the youngest team of the Istanbul group with an average age of 19.6, the club played its first match against Sultangazi Olimpik, the champion of the previous season. He lost the first set 22–19, lost to his opponent 23–25, and won the second set 25–15, but lost the third set 19–25, the fourth set 16–25, and lost the match 3–1 in the other matches in the league, Arnavutköy Belediyesi, İbrahim Turhan Sports Club and Haydarpaşa High School teams 3-0 and finished the season as the 2nd due to the defeat in the first match due to the league being played in a single period, and completed the season by failing to go to the finals only because the champion made it to the finals.
2016-2017 season
Failing to achieve the desired success in its first season in the regional league, the club started the season with 7 transfers.
Competing in the Istanbul Anatolian Side Group, Istanbul Volleyball faced the Haydarpaşa team on the first day. The team, which won the match 3–0 with the sets of 25–17, 25-21 and 25–21, finished the first day as the leader. The team that faced Pendik Çınarderespor, who was in the last place on the last day of the group, won 26-24 despite having difficulty in the first set, despite the difficulty of securing the finals. He won -13 and left the field with a 3–0 victory and collected 9 points without any set in all the matches he played, and earned the right to participate in the Finals as the champion of Istanbul.
In the finals held in Yalova on 03-5 March, İVK faced the champion of the South Marmara group Gemlik Basketball on the first day, leaving the match with a 3–0 defeat despite the very close set results and took the first defeat of the season. On the last day of the tournament, Istanbul Volleyball, which played against Istanbul European Side Champion Adakent in the Istanbul derby, left the match with a 3–1 victory and finished the Regional League in the second place with 5 points.
After the matches in which the top players of the group rose to the 2nd rank, Istanbul Volleyball won the right to be the first team to be invited if there is a team that does not participate in the league or is missing. Thus, the club established in 2010 achieved a Turkish degree in volleyball for the first time.
2017-2018 season
Due to the fact that the dates of the matches in the Regional Men's League, which he participated for the 3rd time, were very bad and we struggled with the missing squad, the club performed far from the previous season's Istanbul Championship and Turkey second place, and did not qualify for the finals in Istanbul in the 2017–2018 season.
2018-2019 season
Istanbul Volleyball, which was 3rd in the previous Istanbul and could not achieve the success it wanted by failing to qualify for the final group, met Pendik Çınarspor at Bahçelievler Sports Hall, despite having two Anatolian Side teams in their first match with their 11 new transfers and changing technical staff. The İVK, which fell 2–0 in the match with sets of 16-25 and 22–25, put its weight on the game as of the third set and brought the situation to 2–2 with the sets of 25-18 and 25–10. the winner İVK came from behind 2-0 from the field and won 3-2 and won 2 points. The second match of the group will be held in Kocaeli, beating Haydarpaşa High School team with sets of 26–24,25-23 and 25-15 3-0 and in the last match against Istanbul Sanatspor with sets of 25–10,25-9 and 25–12. Turkey won the 2nd League Promotion Final matches.
Istanbul Volleyball Club, which won all the matches it played in Istanbul this season and gained the right to stay in the finals undefeated, took part in the Kocaeli group with Istanbul Yeniköy and Tekirdağ Karacaklavuz. Tekirdağ representative did not take the field in both Istanbul Volleyball and Yeniköy matches and finished the tournament in last place.
In the final match of Kocaeli Hasan Gemici Sports Hall, Istanbul Volleyball played against Yeniköy, the other representative of Istanbul, in this match with a squad missing from two players from the squad they played in Istanbul. moved forward. Against Yeniköy, who won the second set 25–21, İVK started very well in the last set and got ahead 14–9, but could not maintain its superiority, lost the set 20-25 and lost the match and missed the championship.
2019-2020 season
Istanbul Volleyball, who had to compete with three missing players in the first match of the league, lost the first set and the second set 26–24 against Çengelköyspor, which was leading until the end of the set, and lost the third set 25–20 in the fourth set and lost 3–1 in the fourth set. In the other matches of the group, the team competed with the full team in the second match, Pendik Volleyball with sets 25–12, 25–16, 25–11, in the third match Süreyyapaşa team with sets 25–9, 25–11, 25-14 and in the fourth match. He managed to beat Haydarpaşa High School with the sets of 25–17, 25–20, 25-23 3–0.
Despite the fact that Haydarpaşa and Çengelköy played 3–2, the club remained second behind Çengelköy on average, due to the unlucky defeat of the only team in the first match and did not win the right to participate in the Turkey 2nd League Promotion Final matches to be held in Bursa as the 2nd in Istanbul.
2020-2021 season
The Regional League, which was organized under difficult conditions due to the pandemic conditions, started on June 10 after the 10-day preparation period was given after the bans were lifted on June 1.
In the men's league, 113 teams participated in 32 groups in total, and the club was in the 7th group.
Istanbul Volleyball, which faced Gökspor in its first match, won the field 3–0 with sets of 25–17, 25-15 and 25–15. In the second match of the group, it faced Süreyyapaşa in the match 25–12, 25–10, 18-25 and 25-25. They won 3–1 with 19 sets. In the last match of the group, IVK, who faced Tuzla Gelişim, who won the group like himself in the first two days, in a kind of group final, won the match 3–0 with sets of 25–21, 25-16 and 25-19 and got the right to participate in the Regional League Finals undefeated from the group from which one team came achieved.
On 21–23 June, in Istanbul, three Istanbul and one Tekirdağ teams competed in the 2nd Division Promotion Finals, in the Marmara Region group, IVK played its first match with Tekirdağ representative Çorlu Volleyball.
Istanbul Volleyball won the match 3–0 against Çorlu Volleyball with sets of 25–18, 28-26 and 25-21 and finished the first day as the leader. In the match, they lost the other sets 19–25,17-25 and 22-25 and were defeated 3–1. In the last match of the group, IVK, which faced the North Stars, won the match 25–18, 22–25, 21–25, 26-24 and 15–10. After winning 3-2 sets, he managed to come second in the regional league for the third time after the 2016-2017 and 2018–2019 seasons.
Beach volleyball teams
The Beach Volleyball Clubs League, which was organized by the Turkish Volleyball Federation in 2009 and was suspended in 2015, started to organize again in 2017, and the Istanbul Volleyball Club formed a beach volleyball team and competed in both men and women.
The TVF Beach Volleyball League, which was formed for the first time in Turkey and in the world with the participation of only clubs and which is the biggest beach volleyball club league in the world, participated in 130 teams, 67 for men and 63 for women in 2017.
Women's teams
2017 season
İVK Beach Volleyball Women's team consisting of Mihrican Alıosman Mehmed - Betül Dinç and Damla Tilki in the Marmara Region and Beşiktaş, GMB Çamlık, Marmara Academy, Sorgunspor, UPS and Büyükdere played in double circuit at the end of the matches played by GMB Çamlık and Marmara Academy. After that, Marmara Region became the 3rd and qualified to participate in the finals to be held in Sinop.
İVK Beach Volleyball Women's team beat Beşiktaş with a 2-1 result in both competitions they played in the league, enabling them to get a final ticket in front of their strong opponent.
Istanbul Volleyball, which was in Group D, competed with GMB Çamlık, Şile Municipality and Samsun Metropolitan Municipality in the finals of the Beach Volleyball Clubs League held in Sinop between 30 June - 2 July 2017.
The team that could not take the first two places in the group finished the tournament as the ninth in Turkey.
2018 season
The women's team, which managed to be the 3rd in the Marmara Region and the 9th in Turkey in 2017, also joined the league in 2018.
The İVK Beach Volleyball Women's Team, which consists of Betül Dinç and Damla Tilki, who played against Beşiktaş, Teşvikiye and Alternatif in a double-circuit league method in the Istanbul Group, won all the matches they played without a set and became the undefeated champion.
In the finals held at Sinop Kumkapı Beach on 20–22 July 2018, the team beat İbradı Municipality 2–0 in the first round and lost 2–0 to Keçioren Belediyesi Bağlumspor in the second round.
On the second day of the tournament, Samsun 15 July team beat 2–0 in the third round and Antalya Youth team 2–1 in the fourth round and lost to Antalya Şimşekspor in the fifth round of the day, and the İVK Beach Volleyball Women's Team finished the tournament as the 5th in Turkey.
After the Beach Volleyball Clubs League was organized in 2018, it was not organized by TVF again.
Men's teams
2017 season
İVK Beach Volleyball men's team in the Marmara Region was in the group with Beşiktaş, Sumak Petrol Boğaziçi, Büyükdere, Sinop Poyraz and Şile Gençlik At the end of the double-circuit matches, he defeated Beşiktaş once, Sinop Poyraz and Şile Gençlik teams twice in the two competitions and finished the league in 5th place in the 5-win group and failed to make it to the finals.
2018 season
İVK Beach Volleyball Men's Team, which failed to participate in the finals in 2017, took part in the finals in 2018.
Participating with the team consisting of Burak Balıbey and Iranian National Beach Volleyball player Behzad Haddade Kahnamouse in the Finals held at Sinop Kumkapı Beach on 20–22 July 2018, the team passed by on the first day as the first round was seeded. In the second round, the TRNC representative, Vakıflar Spor, lost 2–1 with sets of 13–21, 21–12, 13-15 and left the group with the unfortunate defeat.
On the second day of the tournament, the team beat Beşiktaş 2–1 with the sets 21–19, 20–22, 15–12 in the first match of the tournament and in the fourth round Samsun 15 July team beat 21-11 and 21-10 sets 2–0. Matched with AP Sportif who finished as champion. İVK Beach Volleyball Men's Team lost the game against AP Sportif with 16-21 and 18-21 sets and finished the tournament as the 5th in Turkey.
After the Beach Volleyball Clubs League was held in 2018, it was not organized by TVF again.
Social responsibility
Istanbul Volleyball Club is an active club in the field of social responsibility apart from sports activities. The club still carries out Material Support to Village Schools and Social Responsibility activities in other subjects. Also, on June 5, 2021, World Environment Day, the new social responsibility project "Each Set of Saplings" was implemented.
Each Set is a Sapling Social Responsibility Project
Each Set is a Sapling Social Responsibility Project Certificate of donation made at the end of the 2020-2021 Season
It implemented its new social responsibility project on June 5, 2021, World Environment Day.
Within the scope of the project, one sapling will be donated for each set won in the official matches played by the volleyball teams of the club. In addition, saplings will be donated as detailed in the tournaments to be held at the provincial and Turkish level.
Each Set is a Sapling Project will start in the Regional League matches of the 2020–2021 season and will continue in the 2021–2022 season. On the club's official website, the details of the project and the situation in which saplings will be donated are announced, and there is a counter on the home page of how many saplings will be donated as of the first match.
In the 2020–2021 season, the club donated 16 saplings to be planted through OGEM, the Foundation of the General Directorate of Forestry, after 16 sets won in 6 matches played in the Regional League group and final stages.
Aid to village schools social responsibility project
The social responsibility project initiated by the club in 2014 reached the ninth village school in 2021. After the 2021 pandemic, with the start of face-to-face education of village schools, the Social Responsibility project of Material Support for Village Schools has provided the aid of 2021 to the village school Eyyübiye Bulduk Primary School, 45 km away from Şanlıurfa, through the Village School Aid Project Association.
Other social responsibility projects
Except for material support to village schools, the club has not been affected by natural disasters and accidents, etc. It comes to the fore with the help it provides in social events.
After the mining disaster in Soma in 2014, the club's volleyball team played their first official match in the BLACK jersey with the #SOMA written on it.
The club made these projects in 2020, the assistance it provided to the children of Siirt who built a volleyball court with the car tires they bought from the gas station, the pandemic was intensively provided to healthcare personnel during night shifts, to donate saplings for the forests damaged by the forest fire in Hatay, İzmir and Elazığ. He continued with his help in the earthquakes that occurred in.
External links
Official archery website
References
Volleyball clubs in Istanbul
Volleyball clubs established in 2010
2010 establishments in Turkey
Volleyball clubs in Turkey |
Tien Chung-chin (; 1899–1977) was a Chinese-born politician. His political career began in China, with an appointment to the Control Yuan in 1931. He was subsequently elected to the in 1946, and became the Minister of Examination in 1948. Tien retained the role as the government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan, serving until 1950. He took office as minister of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission for the first time in 1951 and remained until 1954. He subsequently served as Minister of the Interior from 1958 to 1960, then returned to the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission until 1963. He died in office as President of the Judicial Yuan in 1977, having held the position since 1971.
Career
Tien Chung-chin was born in 1899 and known by the courtesy name Yunching (). A native of Qingcheng County, he attended Peking University, where he participated in the May Fourth Movement. Soon after graduation in 1923, Tien began advanced study in the United States. Starting in 1925, Tien enrolled in the University of Washington, then transferred to the University of Missouri before earning a master's and doctoral degree from the University of Illinois. Tien returned to China in 1930, joining the faculty of Northeastern University. In February 1931, Tien was appointed to the Control Yuan. In January 1936, he was named the leader of the Gansu Provincial Department of Education. After the Xi'an Incident, Tien was named chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial Government. He began a second term on the Control Yuan in 1938. Concurrently, Tien also served as president of Lanzhou University. In November 1946, he was elected to the . Tien also retained his Control Yuan position, which included oversight of Gansu and Shaanxi. On 13 July 1948, Tien took office as the inaugural Minister of Examination.
Tien left for Taiwan in 1949. From 1951 to 1954, he led the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission. In 1958, Tien succeeded Wang Depu as interior minister. Upon stepping down from the ministry of the interior in 1960, Tien served on the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission for a second time, until 1963. In 1971, he was nominated to succeed Xie Guansheng as President of the Judicial Yuan. Tien held the office until his death in Taipei on 30 March 1977.
References
1899 births
1977 deaths
Taiwanese Presidents of the Judicial Yuan
Republic of China politicians from Gansu
Taiwanese people from Gansu
University of Illinois alumni
National University of Peking alumni
University of Washington alumni
University of Missouri alumni
Academic staff of the Northeastern University (China)
Academic staff of Lanzhou University
Members of the Control Yuan |
Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife reserve located in Ravangla, near Namchi City in the Namchi district of the Indian state of Sikkim covering an area of around . The literal meaning of maenam-la is "treasure-house of medicines", and the flora of the sanctuary is rich in a number of plants of medicinal value. Established in 1987, Maenam wildlife sanctuary lies 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Namchi City, the district headquarter, southwest of the state capital Gangtok and is a popular tourist destination.
Skywalk
The first wildlife skywalk in India will be constructed at Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary. The state government of Sikkim proposed construction of the rope-way from Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary to a skywalk which will be built over the edge of the Bhalleydhunga steep face. There will be a rain shelter and public conveniences at the skywalk. The environment ministry has also approved the proposal, which will cost 5 billion Rupees.
See also
Wildlife sanctuaries of India
References
Wildlife sanctuaries in Sikkim
Namchi district
Protected areas established in 1987
1987 establishments in Sikkim
Protected areas of Sikkim |
Mangal is a former princely state in north India ruled by Chandravanshi Sen Rajputs.Mangal state like Mandi State was an off shoot of Suket State. Rana Surender Singh is its present head.
Its territory, presently in Himachal Pradesh, was only 33.6 km2, with a population of 1,227 in 1901.
History
Founded in the early 16th century after the death of Shri Mangal Chand, Rana of Bhatwara. Batwara region lay on bank of Satluj river. Rana of Batwara expelled by Raja Madan Sen of Suket State because he allied with Raja Megh Chand Chandel of Kahlur in 1240. After expulsion, Rana Batwara was loyal to Raja of Bilaspur's generations and regained his lost territory. Rana Batwara was killed by Raja Shyam Sen of Suket and Raja Man Chand Guleria of Guler whilst he was worshiping in Batwara Palace, forcing two Ranis, the Wazir, other officials, along with the Tikka Sahib, Raghunath Chand, to fled from Batwara. Later, he founded the new state of Mangal, naming in his father's memory Rana Mangal Chand, crowned by Raja of Bilaspur. The state was occupied by the Nepal 1803/1815. Rana of Mangal lost his large area portion (Batwara, Kol, Baddu) in 19th century due to bad relationship with British Raj. It was one of the most inaccessible states. Local deity are Badu Bada Devta, Baba Nahar Singh, Guga Jahar Peer, Baba Balak Nath, Jalapa Devi, Chamunda. Ranked 10th in order of precedence Shimla hill states. On 20 December 1815 it entered the British raj by accepting a protectorate, restoring its autonomy, now within British India, colonially controlled under the Simla Hill States Superintendency of the Punjab States Agency.
Although its revenue was only 700 rupees, a private purse of 3000 rupees was awarded to the ruling Ranas.
Its separate existence ended at its accession to the then Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and hence to independent India, on 15 April 1948.
Present head Rana Surender Singh lives in New Delhi and has three issues Tikka Someshwar Singh , Kunwar Dineshwar Singh and Kunwar Lokeshwar Singh
Rulers
The rulers bore the title of Rana.
?-? Raghunath Singh (1240-)
?-? Pratap Singh
?-? Kripal Chand
?-? Sartam Chand
?-? Man Chand
?-? Gulab Chand
?-? Tara Chand
?-? Sansar Chand
?-? Jai Singh
?-? Chittar Singh
?-? Inder Singh
?-? Veer Singh
?-? Amar Singh
?-? Karam Singh
?-? Bahadur Singh
1803 - 1815 occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1844 Prithvi Singh (d. 1844)
1844 Jodha Singh (d. 1844)
9 Nov 1844 - 1892 Ajit Singh (b. 1830 - d. 1892)
1892 - 1920 Trilok Singh (b. 1859 - d. 1920)
1920 - 15 August 1947 Shiv Singh (b. 1888 - d. 1953)
1953 - 1973 Ranbir Singh (d. 1973)
1973 - Surinder Singh (born 11 October 1957)
Sources and external links
Indian princely States on uq.net.au as archived on web.archive.org; with genealogy
World Statesmen - India - princely States K-Z
References
Princely states of Himachal Pradesh |
David Roy Butz (June 23, 1950 – November 4, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Washington Redskins in a 16-year career from 1973 to 1988. During his time with Washington, as the team's defensive "anchor", he helped the Redskins reach the Super Bowl thrice, winning twice. He was named as one of the 70 Greatest Redskins in franchise history and a member of the NFL 1980s All-Decade Team. Before turning professional, he played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers. He was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014.
Early life
Butz was born in LaFayette, Alabama, on June 23, 1950, and soon moved with his family to Illinois. He played high school football at Maine South High School in Park Ridge, Illinois, where he was two-time high school All-American. He also played basketball and was the Illinois High School discus champion, setting a state record. He was the nephew of Earl Butz, a Purdue University professor who later served as United States secretary of agriculture.
College football
Butz played college football at Purdue University, where he was a 1972 finalist for the Lombardi Award. He was a first-team All-Big Ten member and played in both the East-West Shrine Game and Senior Bowl, where he was named the Defensive MVP.
Butz was named to the Purdue Boilermakers' Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame in 2004. He was later also named to Purdue's All Time Football team and was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014.
Professional football
Butz was drafted in the first round (fifth overall) of the 1973 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Cardinals, where he would play for two seasons. In 1975, Butz was granted free agency due to a mistake in his contract that he had signed as a rookie in 1973. Redskins coach George Allen quickly signed him, but the NFL ruled that the Redskins had to compensate the Cardinals with two first-round draft picks (1977 & 1978) and a second-round pick (1978).
Butz then played for the Washington Redskins for 14 years, where he had three Super Bowl appearances: defeating the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl XVII, losing to the Los Angeles Raiders in Super Bowl XVIII, and winning Super Bowl XXII over the Denver Broncos.
At the victory parade after Super Bowl XXII, he famously shouted to the crowd, "We came, we saw, we kicked their butts."
As of 2022, Butz ranks fifth in franchise history in sacks (59.0, was third in 2008). He was a one-time Pro Bowler in 1983 in a season in which he managed eleven sacks, a career-best. He was named to the NFL All-Pro team in 1983 and 1984. He only missed four games in his entire 16-year career. Butz was among the largest players in the NFL when he played standing 6' 8" and routinely weighing around 300 pounds.
In October 1987, Butz famously checked himself out of the hospital to play in the Redskins' game against the New York Jets. Despite having dropped from 313 to 287 pounds due to the illness and feeling dizzy in the second half, Butz made a game-saving sack of Ken O'Brien to stop a Jets' drive late in the game and was awarded the game ball. After the game, he checked himself back into the hospital where he remained until the following Wednesday.
In 1988, Butz played in his 197th game for the Washington franchise, passing Len Hauss to set a franchise record for games played. He would later retire at 203 games played for Washington.
Butz announced his retirement as an active player at the age of 38 on May 18, 1989. He appeared in 216 NFL games, 191 as a starter, from 1973 to 1988. He tallied 64 sacks in his career. When he retired, he was the oldest starting player in the NFL.
Butz was selected to the NFL 1980s All-Decade Team. He was named one of the 70 Greatest Redskins at the Redskins' 70th anniversary in 2002.
His name is also featured along with that of other notable players in team history on the "Ring of Fame" at FedExField.
Later life and death
Butz moved to Belleville, Illinois, early in his NFL career and continued to reside in the area for the remainder of his life with his wife, Candyce; the couple had three children. He also had a home in Fairfax, Virginia.
In the early 2000s, Butz served as a board member for the National Rifle Association.
Butz died in Swansea, Illinois, on November 4, 2022, at age 72.
References
1950 births
2022 deaths
People from LaFayette, Alabama
Sportspeople from Park Ridge, Illinois
Players of American football from Cook County, Illinois
All-American college football players
American football defensive ends
American football defensive tackles
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
St. Louis Cardinals (football) players
Washington Redskins players
Purdue Boilermakers football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Alabama
Players of American football from St. Clair County, Illinois |
The Broadwood Cup is an annual pre season football tournament in Cumbernauld, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The tournament is hosted by Cumbernauld Colts at Broadwood Stadium.
Background
The Broadwood Cup was launched in September 2020. It was sponsored by Culture Leisure & North Lanarkshire (CLNL).
A four-team competition that features two semi finals. The winners advance to the final, while the losers play off for 3rd and 4th positions.
The inaugural tournament was played behind closed doors because of covid-19 restrictions. Supporters were able to return for the next edition.
The second tournament was streamed live by Gonzo Digital through TicketCo TV, but not the official Clyde FC Live channel.
After the situation following David Goodwillie with Clyde, NL banned them from using Broadwood as their home ground, subsequently they moved to New Douglas Park, home of Hamilton Academical. Cumbernauld Colts were then the main hosts of the Cup.
Past tournaments
After Clyde signed a shirt deal with BOC in 1979, the club held a BOC sponsored friendly tournament at Shawfield won by Ayr United.
Placings
References
External links
Football in North Lanarkshire
Scottish football friendly trophies
Football cup competitions in Scotland
Clyde F.C.
Recurring sporting events established in 2020
2020 establishments in Scotland |
```c++
/*
*
* Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
*
* Moscow Center for SPARC Technology
*
* Boris Fomitchev
*
* This material is provided "as is", with absolutely no warranty expressed
* or implied. Any use is at your own risk.
*
* Permission to use or copy this software for any purpose is hereby granted
* without fee, provided the above notices are retained on all copies.
* Permission to modify the code and to distribute modified code is granted,
* provided the above notices are retained, and a notice that the code was
* modified is included with the above copyright notice.
*
*/
#include "stlport_prefix.h"
#include <memory>
#if defined (__GNUC__) && (defined (__CYGWIN__) || defined (__MINGW32__))
# include <malloc.h>
#endif
#if defined (_STLP_PTHREADS) && !defined (_STLP_NO_THREADS)
# include <pthread_alloc>
# include <cerrno>
#endif
#include <stl/_threads.h>
#include "lock_free_slist.h"
#if defined (__WATCOMC__)
# pragma warning 13 9
# pragma warning 367 9
# pragma warning 368 9
#endif
#if defined (_STLP_SGI_THREADS)
// We test whether threads are in use before locking.
// Perhaps this should be moved into stl_threads.h, but that
// probably makes it harder to avoid the procedure call when
// it isn't needed.
extern "C" {
extern int __us_rsthread_malloc;
}
#endif
// Specialised debug form of new operator which does not provide "false"
// memory leaks when run with debug CRT libraries.
#if defined (_STLP_MSVC) && (_STLP_MSVC >= 1020 && defined (_STLP_DEBUG_ALLOC)) && !defined (_STLP_WCE)
# include <crtdbg.h>
inline char* __stlp_new_chunk(size_t __bytes) {
void *__chunk = _STLP_CHECK_NULL_ALLOC(::operator new(__bytes, __FILE__, __LINE__));
return __STATIC_CAST(char*, __chunk);
}
inline void __stlp_delete_chunck(void* __p) { ::operator delete(__p, __FILE__, __LINE__); }
#else
# ifdef _STLP_NODE_ALLOC_USE_MALLOC
# include <cstdlib>
inline char* __stlp_new_chunk(size_t __bytes) {
// do not use _STLP_CHECK_NULL_ALLOC, this macro is dedicated to new operator.
void *__chunk = _STLP_VENDOR_CSTD::malloc(__bytes);
if (__chunk == 0) {
_STLP_THROW_BAD_ALLOC;
}
return __STATIC_CAST(char*, __chunk);
}
inline void __stlp_delete_chunck(void* __p) { _STLP_VENDOR_CSTD::free(__p); }
# else
inline char* __stlp_new_chunk(size_t __bytes)
{ return __STATIC_CAST(char*, _STLP_STD::__stl_new(__bytes)); }
inline void __stlp_delete_chunck(void* __p) { _STLP_STD::__stl_delete(__p); }
# endif
#endif
/* This is an additional atomic operations to the ones already defined in
* stl/_threads.h, platform should try to support it to improve performance.
* __add_atomic_t _STLP_ATOMIC_ADD(volatile __add_atomic_t* __target, __add_atomic_t __val) :
* does *__target = *__target + __val and returns the old *__target value */
typedef long __add_atomic_t;
typedef unsigned long __uadd_atomic_t;
#if defined (__GNUC__) && defined (__i386__)
inline long _STLP_atomic_add_gcc_x86(long volatile* p, long addend) {
long result;
__asm__ __volatile__
("lock; xaddl %1, %0;"
:"=m" (*p), "=r" (result)
:"m" (*p), "1" (addend)
:"cc");
return result + addend;
}
# define _STLP_ATOMIC_ADD(__dst, __val) _STLP_atomic_add_gcc_x86(__dst, __val)
#elif defined (_STLP_WIN32THREADS)
// The Win32 API function InterlockedExchangeAdd is not available on Windows 95.
# if !defined (_STLP_WIN95_LIKE)
# if defined (_STLP_NEW_PLATFORM_SDK)
# define _STLP_ATOMIC_ADD(__dst, __val) InterlockedExchangeAdd(__dst, __val)
# else
# define _STLP_ATOMIC_ADD(__dst, __val) InterlockedExchangeAdd(__CONST_CAST(__add_atomic_t*, __dst), __val)
# endif
# endif
#endif
#if defined (__OS400__)
// dums 02/05/2007: is it really necessary ?
enum { _ALIGN = 16, _ALIGN_SHIFT = 4 };
#else
enum { _ALIGN = 2 * sizeof(void*), _ALIGN_SHIFT = 2 + sizeof(void*) / 4 };
#endif
#define _S_FREELIST_INDEX(__bytes) ((__bytes - size_t(1)) >> (int)_ALIGN_SHIFT)
_STLP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
// malloc_alloc out-of-memory handling
static __oom_handler_type __oom_handler = __STATIC_CAST(__oom_handler_type, 0);
#ifdef _STLP_THREADS
_STLP_mutex __oom_handler_lock;
#endif
void* _STLP_CALL __malloc_alloc::allocate(size_t __n)
{
void *__result = malloc(__n);
if ( 0 == __result ) {
__oom_handler_type __my_malloc_handler;
for (;;) {
{
#ifdef _STLP_THREADS
_STLP_auto_lock _l( __oom_handler_lock );
#endif
__my_malloc_handler = __oom_handler;
}
if ( 0 == __my_malloc_handler) {
_STLP_THROW_BAD_ALLOC;
}
(*__my_malloc_handler)();
__result = malloc(__n);
if ( __result )
return __result;
}
}
return __result;
}
__oom_handler_type _STLP_CALL __malloc_alloc::set_malloc_handler(__oom_handler_type __f)
{
#ifdef _STLP_THREADS
_STLP_auto_lock _l( __oom_handler_lock );
#endif
__oom_handler_type __old = __oom_handler;
__oom_handler = __f;
return __old;
}
// *******************************************************
// Default node allocator.
// With a reasonable compiler, this should be roughly as fast as the
// original STL class-specific allocators, but with less fragmentation.
//
// Important implementation properties:
// 1. If the client request an object of size > _MAX_BYTES, the resulting
// object will be obtained directly from malloc.
// 2. In all other cases, we allocate an object of size exactly
// _S_round_up(requested_size). Thus the client has enough size
// information that we can return the object to the proper free list
// without permanently losing part of the object.
//
#define _STLP_NFREELISTS 16
#if defined (_STLP_LEAKS_PEDANTIC) && defined (_STLP_USE_DYNAMIC_LIB)
/*
* We can only do cleanup of the node allocator memory pool if we are
* sure that the STLport library is used as a shared one as it guaranties
* the unicity of the node allocator instance. Without that guaranty node
* allocator instances might exchange memory blocks making the implementation
* of a cleaning process much more complicated.
*/
# define _STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC
#endif
/* When STLport is used without multi threaded safety we use the node allocator
* implementation with locks as locks becomes no-op. The lock free implementation
* always use system specific atomic operations which are slower than 'normal'
* ones.
*/
#if defined (_STLP_THREADS) && \
defined (_STLP_HAS_ATOMIC_FREELIST) && defined (_STLP_ATOMIC_ADD)
/*
* We have an implementation of the atomic freelist (_STLP_atomic_freelist)
* for this architecture and compiler. That means we can use the non-blocking
* implementation of the node-allocation engine.*/
# define _STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION
#endif
#if !defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
# if defined (_STLP_THREADS)
class _Node_Alloc_Lock {
static _STLP_STATIC_MUTEX& _S_Mutex() {
static _STLP_STATIC_MUTEX mutex _STLP_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
return mutex;
}
public:
_Node_Alloc_Lock() {
# if defined (_STLP_SGI_THREADS)
if (__us_rsthread_malloc)
# endif
_S_Mutex()._M_acquire_lock();
}
~_Node_Alloc_Lock() {
# if defined (_STLP_SGI_THREADS)
if (__us_rsthread_malloc)
# endif
_S_Mutex()._M_release_lock();
}
};
# else
class _Node_Alloc_Lock {
public:
_Node_Alloc_Lock() { }
~_Node_Alloc_Lock() { }
};
# endif
struct _Node_alloc_obj {
_Node_alloc_obj * _M_next;
};
#endif
class __node_alloc_impl {
static inline size_t _STLP_CALL _S_round_up(size_t __bytes)
{ return (((__bytes) + (size_t)_ALIGN-1) & ~((size_t)_ALIGN - 1)); }
#if defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
typedef _STLP_atomic_freelist::item _Obj;
typedef _STLP_atomic_freelist _Freelist;
typedef _STLP_atomic_freelist _ChunkList;
// Header of blocks of memory that have been allocated as part of
// a larger chunk but have not yet been chopped up into nodes.
struct _FreeBlockHeader : public _STLP_atomic_freelist::item {
char* _M_end; // pointer to end of free memory
};
#else
typedef _Node_alloc_obj _Obj;
typedef _Obj* _STLP_VOLATILE _Freelist;
typedef _Obj* _ChunkList;
#endif
private:
// Returns an object of size __n, and optionally adds to size __n free list.
static _Obj* _S_refill(size_t __n);
// Allocates a chunk for nobjs of size __p_size. nobjs may be reduced
// if it is inconvenient to allocate the requested number.
static char* _S_chunk_alloc(size_t __p_size, int& __nobjs);
// Chunk allocation state.
static _Freelist _S_free_list[_STLP_NFREELISTS];
// Amount of total allocated memory
#if defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
static _STLP_VOLATILE __add_atomic_t _S_heap_size;
#else
static size_t _S_heap_size;
#endif
#if defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
// List of blocks of free memory
static _STLP_atomic_freelist _S_free_mem_blocks;
#else
// Start of the current free memory buffer
static char* _S_start_free;
// End of the current free memory buffer
static char* _S_end_free;
#endif
#if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
public:
// Methods to report alloc/dealloc calls to the counter system.
# if defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
typedef _STLP_VOLATILE __stl_atomic_t _AllocCounter;
# else
typedef __stl_atomic_t _AllocCounter;
# endif
static _AllocCounter& _STLP_CALL _S_alloc_counter();
static void _S_alloc_call();
static void _S_dealloc_call();
private:
// Free all the allocated chuncks of memory
static void _S_chunk_dealloc();
// Beginning of the linked list of allocated chunks of memory
static _ChunkList _S_chunks;
#endif /* _STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC */
public:
/* __n must be > 0 */
static void* _M_allocate(size_t& __n);
/* __p may not be 0 */
static void _M_deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n);
};
#if !defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
void* __node_alloc_impl::_M_allocate(size_t& __n) {
__n = _S_round_up(__n);
_Obj * _STLP_VOLATILE * __my_free_list = _S_free_list + _S_FREELIST_INDEX(__n);
_Obj *__r;
// Acquire the lock here with a constructor call.
// This ensures that it is released in exit or during stack
// unwinding.
_Node_Alloc_Lock __lock_instance;
if ( (__r = *__my_free_list) != 0 ) {
*__my_free_list = __r->_M_next;
} else {
__r = _S_refill(__n);
}
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
_S_alloc_call();
# endif
// lock is released here
return __r;
}
void __node_alloc_impl::_M_deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n) {
_Obj * _STLP_VOLATILE * __my_free_list = _S_free_list + _S_FREELIST_INDEX(__n);
_Obj * __pobj = __STATIC_CAST(_Obj*, __p);
// acquire lock
_Node_Alloc_Lock __lock_instance;
__pobj->_M_next = *__my_free_list;
*__my_free_list = __pobj;
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
_S_dealloc_call();
# endif
// lock is released here
}
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
# define _STLP_OFFSET sizeof(_Obj)
# else
# define _STLP_OFFSET 0
# endif
/* We allocate memory in large chunks in order to avoid fragmenting */
/* the malloc heap too much. */
/* We assume that size is properly aligned. */
/* We hold the allocation lock. */
char* __node_alloc_impl::_S_chunk_alloc(size_t _p_size, int& __nobjs) {
char* __result;
size_t __total_bytes = _p_size * __nobjs;
size_t __bytes_left = _S_end_free - _S_start_free;
if (__bytes_left > 0) {
if (__bytes_left >= __total_bytes) {
__result = _S_start_free;
_S_start_free += __total_bytes;
return __result;
}
if (__bytes_left >= _p_size) {
__nobjs = (int)(__bytes_left / _p_size);
__total_bytes = _p_size * __nobjs;
__result = _S_start_free;
_S_start_free += __total_bytes;
return __result;
}
// Try to make use of the left-over piece.
_Obj* _STLP_VOLATILE* __my_free_list = _S_free_list + _S_FREELIST_INDEX(__bytes_left);
__REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, _S_start_free)->_M_next = *__my_free_list;
*__my_free_list = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, _S_start_free);
_S_start_free = _S_end_free = 0;
}
size_t __bytes_to_get = 2 * __total_bytes + _S_round_up(_S_heap_size) + _STLP_OFFSET;
_STLP_TRY {
_S_start_free = __stlp_new_chunk(__bytes_to_get);
}
#if defined (_STLP_USE_EXCEPTIONS)
catch (const _STLP_STD::bad_alloc&) {
_Obj* _STLP_VOLATILE* __my_free_list;
_Obj* __p;
// Try to do with what we have. That can't hurt.
// We do not try smaller requests, since that tends
// to result in disaster on multi-process machines.
for (size_t __i = _p_size; __i <= (size_t)_MAX_BYTES; __i += (size_t)_ALIGN) {
__my_free_list = _S_free_list + _S_FREELIST_INDEX(__i);
__p = *__my_free_list;
if (0 != __p) {
*__my_free_list = __p -> _M_next;
_S_start_free = __REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __p);
_S_end_free = _S_start_free + __i;
return _S_chunk_alloc(_p_size, __nobjs);
// Any leftover piece will eventually make it to the
// right free list.
}
}
__bytes_to_get = __total_bytes + _STLP_OFFSET;
_S_start_free = __stlp_new_chunk(__bytes_to_get);
}
#endif
_S_heap_size += __bytes_to_get >> 4;
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
__REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, _S_start_free)->_M_next = _S_chunks;
_S_chunks = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, _S_start_free);
# endif
_S_end_free = _S_start_free + __bytes_to_get;
_S_start_free += _STLP_OFFSET;
return _S_chunk_alloc(_p_size, __nobjs);
}
/* Returns an object of size __n, and optionally adds to size __n free list.*/
/* We assume that __n is properly aligned. */
/* We hold the allocation lock. */
_Node_alloc_obj* __node_alloc_impl::_S_refill(size_t __n) {
int __nobjs = 20;
char* __chunk = _S_chunk_alloc(__n, __nobjs);
if (1 == __nobjs) return __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __chunk);
_Obj* _STLP_VOLATILE* __my_free_list = _S_free_list + _S_FREELIST_INDEX(__n);
_Obj* __result;
_Obj* __current_obj;
_Obj* __next_obj;
/* Build free list in chunk */
__result = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __chunk);
*__my_free_list = __next_obj = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __chunk + __n);
for (--__nobjs; --__nobjs; ) {
__current_obj = __next_obj;
__next_obj = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __next_obj) + __n);
__current_obj->_M_next = __next_obj;
}
__next_obj->_M_next = 0;
return __result;
}
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
void __node_alloc_impl::_S_alloc_call()
{ ++_S_alloc_counter(); }
void __node_alloc_impl::_S_dealloc_call() {
__stl_atomic_t &counter = _S_alloc_counter();
if (--counter == 0)
{ _S_chunk_dealloc(); }
}
/* We deallocate all the memory chunks */
void __node_alloc_impl::_S_chunk_dealloc() {
_Obj *__pcur = _S_chunks, *__pnext;
while (__pcur != 0) {
__pnext = __pcur->_M_next;
__stlp_delete_chunck(__pcur);
__pcur = __pnext;
}
_S_chunks = 0;
_S_start_free = _S_end_free = 0;
_S_heap_size = 0;
memset(__REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __CONST_CAST(_Obj**, &_S_free_list[0])), 0, _STLP_NFREELISTS * sizeof(_Obj*));
}
# endif
#else
void* __node_alloc_impl::_M_allocate(size_t& __n) {
__n = _S_round_up(__n);
_Obj* __r = _S_free_list[_S_FREELIST_INDEX(__n)].pop();
if (__r == 0)
{ __r = _S_refill(__n); }
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
_S_alloc_call();
# endif
return __r;
}
void __node_alloc_impl::_M_deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n) {
_S_free_list[_S_FREELIST_INDEX(__n)].push(__STATIC_CAST(_Obj*, __p));
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
_S_dealloc_call();
# endif
}
/* Returns an object of size __n, and optionally adds additional ones to */
/* freelist of objects of size __n. */
/* We assume that __n is properly aligned. */
__node_alloc_impl::_Obj* __node_alloc_impl::_S_refill(size_t __n) {
int __nobjs = 20;
char* __chunk = _S_chunk_alloc(__n, __nobjs);
if (__nobjs <= 1)
return __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __chunk);
// Push all new nodes (minus first one) onto freelist
_Obj* __result = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __chunk);
_Obj* __cur_item = __result;
_Freelist* __my_freelist = _S_free_list + _S_FREELIST_INDEX(__n);
for (--__nobjs; __nobjs != 0; --__nobjs) {
__cur_item = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __cur_item) + __n);
__my_freelist->push(__cur_item);
}
return __result;
}
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
# define _STLP_OFFSET _ALIGN
# else
# define _STLP_OFFSET 0
# endif
/* We allocate memory in large chunks in order to avoid fragmenting */
/* the malloc heap too much. */
/* We assume that size is properly aligned. */
char* __node_alloc_impl::_S_chunk_alloc(size_t _p_size, int& __nobjs) {
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
//We are going to add a small memory block to keep all the allocated blocks
//address, we need to do so respecting the memory alignment. The following
//static assert checks that the reserved block is big enough to store a pointer.
_STLP_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(_Obj) <= _ALIGN)
# endif
char* __result = 0;
__add_atomic_t __total_bytes = __STATIC_CAST(__add_atomic_t, _p_size) * __nobjs;
_FreeBlockHeader* __block = __STATIC_CAST(_FreeBlockHeader*, _S_free_mem_blocks.pop());
if (__block != 0) {
// We checked a block out and can now mess with it with impugnity.
// We'll put the remainder back into the list if we're done with it below.
char* __buf_start = __REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __block);
__add_atomic_t __bytes_left = __block->_M_end - __buf_start;
if ((__bytes_left < __total_bytes) && (__bytes_left >= __STATIC_CAST(__add_atomic_t, _p_size))) {
// There's enough left for at least one object, but not as much as we wanted
__result = __buf_start;
__nobjs = (int)(__bytes_left/_p_size);
__total_bytes = __STATIC_CAST(__add_atomic_t, _p_size) * __nobjs;
__bytes_left -= __total_bytes;
__buf_start += __total_bytes;
}
else if (__bytes_left >= __total_bytes) {
// The block has enough left to satisfy all that was asked for
__result = __buf_start;
__bytes_left -= __total_bytes;
__buf_start += __total_bytes;
}
if (__bytes_left != 0) {
// There is still some memory left over in block after we satisfied our request.
if ((__result != 0) && (__bytes_left >= (__add_atomic_t)sizeof(_FreeBlockHeader))) {
// We were able to allocate at least one object and there is still enough
// left to put remainder back into list.
_FreeBlockHeader* __newblock = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_FreeBlockHeader*, __buf_start);
__newblock->_M_end = __block->_M_end;
_S_free_mem_blocks.push(__newblock);
}
else {
// We were not able to allocate enough for at least one object.
// Shove into freelist of nearest (rounded-down!) size.
size_t __rounded_down = _S_round_up(__bytes_left + 1) - (size_t)_ALIGN;
if (__rounded_down > 0)
_S_free_list[_S_FREELIST_INDEX(__rounded_down)].push((_Obj*)__buf_start);
}
}
if (__result != 0)
return __result;
}
// We couldn't satisfy it from the list of free blocks, get new memory.
__add_atomic_t __bytes_to_get = 2 * __total_bytes +
__STATIC_CAST(__add_atomic_t,
_S_round_up(__STATIC_CAST(__uadd_atomic_t, _STLP_ATOMIC_ADD(&_S_heap_size, 0)))) +
_STLP_OFFSET;
_STLP_TRY {
__result = __stlp_new_chunk(__bytes_to_get);
}
#if defined (_STLP_USE_EXCEPTIONS)
catch (const bad_alloc&) {
// Allocation failed; try to canibalize from freelist of a larger object size.
for (size_t __i = _p_size; __i <= (size_t)_MAX_BYTES; __i += (size_t)_ALIGN) {
_Obj* __p = _S_free_list[_S_FREELIST_INDEX(__i)].pop();
if (0 != __p) {
if (__i < sizeof(_FreeBlockHeader)) {
// Not enough to put into list of free blocks, divvy it up here.
// Use as much as possible for this request and shove remainder into freelist.
__nobjs = (int)(__i/_p_size);
__total_bytes = __nobjs * __STATIC_CAST(__add_atomic_t, _p_size);
size_t __bytes_left = __i - __total_bytes;
size_t __rounded_down = _S_round_up(__bytes_left+1) - (size_t)_ALIGN;
if (__rounded_down > 0) {
_S_free_list[_S_FREELIST_INDEX(__rounded_down)].push(__REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __p) + __total_bytes));
}
return __REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __p);
}
else {
// Add node to list of available blocks and recursively allocate from it.
_FreeBlockHeader* __newblock = (_FreeBlockHeader*)__p;
__newblock->_M_end = __REINTERPRET_CAST(char*, __p) + __i;
_S_free_mem_blocks.push(__newblock);
return _S_chunk_alloc(_p_size, __nobjs);
}
}
}
// We were not able to find something in a freelist, try to allocate a smaller amount.
__bytes_to_get = __total_bytes + _STLP_OFFSET;
__result = __stlp_new_chunk(__bytes_to_get);
// This should either throw an exception or remedy the situation.
// Thus we assume it succeeded.
}
#endif
// Alignment check
_STLP_VERBOSE_ASSERT(((__REINTERPRET_CAST(size_t, __result) & __STATIC_CAST(size_t, _ALIGN - 1)) == 0),
_StlMsg_DBA_DELETED_TWICE)
_STLP_ATOMIC_ADD(&_S_heap_size, __bytes_to_get >> 4);
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
// We have to track the allocated memory chunks for release on exit.
_S_chunks.push(__REINTERPRET_CAST(_Obj*, __result));
__result += _ALIGN;
__bytes_to_get -= _ALIGN;
# endif
if (__bytes_to_get > __total_bytes) {
// Push excess memory allocated in this chunk into list of free memory blocks
_FreeBlockHeader* __freeblock = __REINTERPRET_CAST(_FreeBlockHeader*, __result + __total_bytes);
__freeblock->_M_end = __result + __bytes_to_get;
_S_free_mem_blocks.push(__freeblock);
}
return __result;
}
# if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
void __node_alloc_impl::_S_alloc_call()
{ _STLP_ATOMIC_INCREMENT(&_S_alloc_counter()); }
void __node_alloc_impl::_S_dealloc_call() {
_STLP_VOLATILE __stl_atomic_t *pcounter = &_S_alloc_counter();
if (_STLP_ATOMIC_DECREMENT(pcounter) == 0)
_S_chunk_dealloc();
}
/* We deallocate all the memory chunks */
void __node_alloc_impl::_S_chunk_dealloc() {
// Note: The _Node_alloc_helper class ensures that this function
// will only be called when the (shared) library is unloaded or the
// process is shutdown. It's thus not possible that another thread
// is currently trying to allocate a node (we're not thread-safe here).
//
// Clear the free blocks and all freelistst. This makes sure that if
// for some reason more memory is allocated again during shutdown
// (it'd also be really nasty to leave references to deallocated memory).
_S_free_mem_blocks.clear();
_S_heap_size = 0;
for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _STLP_NFREELISTS; ++__i) {
_S_free_list[__i].clear();
}
// Detach list of chunks and free them all
_Obj* __chunk = _S_chunks.clear();
while (__chunk != 0) {
_Obj* __next = __chunk->_M_next;
__stlp_delete_chunck(__chunk);
__chunk = __next;
}
}
# endif
#endif
#if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
struct __node_alloc_cleaner {
~__node_alloc_cleaner()
{ __node_alloc_impl::_S_dealloc_call(); }
};
# if defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
_STLP_VOLATILE __stl_atomic_t& _STLP_CALL
# else
__stl_atomic_t& _STLP_CALL
# endif
__node_alloc_impl::_S_alloc_counter() {
static _AllocCounter _S_counter = 1;
static __node_alloc_cleaner _S_node_alloc_cleaner;
return _S_counter;
}
#endif
#if !defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
_Node_alloc_obj * _STLP_VOLATILE
__node_alloc_impl::_S_free_list[_STLP_NFREELISTS]
= {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
// The 16 zeros are necessary to make version 4.1 of the SunPro
// compiler happy. Otherwise it appears to allocate too little
// space for the array.
#else
_STLP_atomic_freelist __node_alloc_impl::_S_free_list[_STLP_NFREELISTS];
_STLP_atomic_freelist __node_alloc_impl::_S_free_mem_blocks;
#endif
#if !defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
char *__node_alloc_impl::_S_start_free = 0;
char *__node_alloc_impl::_S_end_free = 0;
#endif
#if defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
_STLP_VOLATILE __add_atomic_t
#else
size_t
#endif
__node_alloc_impl::_S_heap_size = 0;
#if defined (_STLP_DO_CLEAN_NODE_ALLOC)
# if defined (_STLP_USE_LOCK_FREE_IMPLEMENTATION)
_STLP_atomic_freelist __node_alloc_impl::_S_chunks;
# else
_Node_alloc_obj* __node_alloc_impl::_S_chunks = 0;
# endif
#endif
void * _STLP_CALL __node_alloc::_M_allocate(size_t& __n)
{ return __node_alloc_impl::_M_allocate(__n); }
void _STLP_CALL __node_alloc::_M_deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n)
{ __node_alloc_impl::_M_deallocate(__p, __n); }
#if defined (_STLP_PTHREADS) && !defined (_STLP_NO_THREADS)
# define _STLP_DATA_ALIGNMENT 8
_STLP_MOVE_TO_PRIV_NAMESPACE
// *******************************************************
// __perthread_alloc implementation
union _Pthread_alloc_obj {
union _Pthread_alloc_obj * __free_list_link;
char __client_data[_STLP_DATA_ALIGNMENT]; /* The client sees this. */
};
// Pthread allocators don't appear to the client to have meaningful
// instances. We do in fact need to associate some state with each
// thread. That state is represented by _Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state.
struct _Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state {
typedef _Pthread_alloc_obj __obj;
enum { _S_NFREELISTS = _MAX_BYTES / _STLP_DATA_ALIGNMENT };
// Free list link for list of available per thread structures.
// When one of these becomes available for reuse due to thread
// termination, any objects in its free list remain associated
// with it. The whole structure may then be used by a newly
// created thread.
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state() : __next(0)
{ memset((void *)__CONST_CAST(_Pthread_alloc_obj**, __free_list), 0, (size_t)_S_NFREELISTS * sizeof(__obj *)); }
// Returns an object of size __n, and possibly adds to size n free list.
void *_M_refill(size_t __n);
_Pthread_alloc_obj* volatile __free_list[_S_NFREELISTS];
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state *__next;
// this data member is only to be used by per_thread_allocator, which returns memory to the originating thread.
_STLP_mutex _M_lock;
};
// Pthread-specific allocator.
class _Pthread_alloc_impl {
public: // but only for internal use:
typedef _Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state __state_type;
typedef char value_type;
// Allocates a chunk for nobjs of size size. nobjs may be reduced
// if it is inconvenient to allocate the requested number.
static char *_S_chunk_alloc(size_t __size, size_t &__nobjs, __state_type*);
enum {_S_ALIGN = _STLP_DATA_ALIGNMENT};
static size_t _S_round_up(size_t __bytes)
{ return (((__bytes) + (int)_S_ALIGN - 1) & ~((int)_S_ALIGN - 1)); }
static size_t _S_freelist_index(size_t __bytes)
{ return (((__bytes) + (int)_S_ALIGN - 1) / (int)_S_ALIGN - 1); }
private:
// Chunk allocation state. And other shared state.
// Protected by _S_chunk_allocator_lock.
static _STLP_STATIC_MUTEX _S_chunk_allocator_lock;
static char *_S_start_free;
static char *_S_end_free;
static size_t _S_heap_size;
static __state_type *_S_free_per_thread_states;
static pthread_key_t _S_key;
static bool _S_key_initialized;
// Pthread key under which per thread state is stored.
// Allocator instances that are currently unclaimed by any thread.
static void _S_destructor(void *instance);
// Function to be called on thread exit to reclaim per thread
// state.
static __state_type *_S_new_per_thread_state();
public:
// Return a recycled or new per thread state.
static __state_type *_S_get_per_thread_state();
private:
// ensure that the current thread has an associated
// per thread state.
class _M_lock;
friend class _M_lock;
class _M_lock {
public:
_M_lock () { _S_chunk_allocator_lock._M_acquire_lock(); }
~_M_lock () { _S_chunk_allocator_lock._M_release_lock(); }
};
public:
/* n must be > 0 */
static void * allocate(size_t& __n);
/* p may not be 0 */
static void deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n);
// boris : versions for per_thread_allocator
/* n must be > 0 */
static void * allocate(size_t& __n, __state_type* __a);
/* p may not be 0 */
static void deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n, __state_type* __a);
static void * reallocate(void *__p, size_t __old_sz, size_t& __new_sz);
};
/* Returns an object of size n, and optionally adds to size n free list.*/
/* We assume that n is properly aligned. */
/* We hold the allocation lock. */
void *_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state::_M_refill(size_t __n) {
typedef _Pthread_alloc_obj __obj;
size_t __nobjs = 128;
char * __chunk = _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_chunk_alloc(__n, __nobjs, this);
__obj * volatile * __my_free_list;
__obj * __result;
__obj * __current_obj, * __next_obj;
size_t __i;
if (1 == __nobjs) {
return __chunk;
}
__my_free_list = __free_list + _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_freelist_index(__n);
/* Build free list in chunk */
__result = (__obj *)__chunk;
*__my_free_list = __next_obj = (__obj *)(__chunk + __n);
for (__i = 1; ; ++__i) {
__current_obj = __next_obj;
__next_obj = (__obj *)((char *)__next_obj + __n);
if (__nobjs - 1 == __i) {
__current_obj -> __free_list_link = 0;
break;
} else {
__current_obj -> __free_list_link = __next_obj;
}
}
return __result;
}
void _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_destructor(void *__instance) {
_M_lock __lock_instance; // Need to acquire lock here.
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state* __s = (_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state*)__instance;
__s -> __next = _S_free_per_thread_states;
_S_free_per_thread_states = __s;
}
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state* _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_new_per_thread_state() {
/* lock already held here. */
if (0 != _S_free_per_thread_states) {
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state *__result = _S_free_per_thread_states;
_S_free_per_thread_states = _S_free_per_thread_states -> __next;
return __result;
}
else {
return new _Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state;
}
}
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state* _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_get_per_thread_state() {
int __ret_code;
__state_type* __result;
if (_S_key_initialized && (__result = (__state_type*) pthread_getspecific(_S_key)))
return __result;
/*REFERENCED*/
_M_lock __lock_instance; // Need to acquire lock here.
if (!_S_key_initialized) {
if (pthread_key_create(&_S_key, _S_destructor)) {
_STLP_THROW_BAD_ALLOC; // failed
}
_S_key_initialized = true;
}
__result = _S_new_per_thread_state();
__ret_code = pthread_setspecific(_S_key, __result);
if (__ret_code) {
if (__ret_code == ENOMEM) {
_STLP_THROW_BAD_ALLOC;
} else {
// EINVAL
_STLP_ABORT();
}
}
return __result;
}
/* We allocate memory in large chunks in order to avoid fragmenting */
/* the malloc heap too much. */
/* We assume that size is properly aligned. */
char *_Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_chunk_alloc(size_t __p_size, size_t &__nobjs, _Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state *__a) {
typedef _Pthread_alloc_obj __obj;
{
char * __result;
size_t __total_bytes;
size_t __bytes_left;
/*REFERENCED*/
_M_lock __lock_instance; // Acquire lock for this routine
__total_bytes = __p_size * __nobjs;
__bytes_left = _S_end_free - _S_start_free;
if (__bytes_left >= __total_bytes) {
__result = _S_start_free;
_S_start_free += __total_bytes;
return __result;
} else if (__bytes_left >= __p_size) {
__nobjs = __bytes_left/__p_size;
__total_bytes = __p_size * __nobjs;
__result = _S_start_free;
_S_start_free += __total_bytes;
return __result;
} else {
size_t __bytes_to_get = 2 * __total_bytes + _S_round_up(_S_heap_size);
// Try to make use of the left-over piece.
if (__bytes_left > 0) {
__obj * volatile * __my_free_list = __a->__free_list + _S_freelist_index(__bytes_left);
((__obj *)_S_start_free) -> __free_list_link = *__my_free_list;
*__my_free_list = (__obj *)_S_start_free;
}
# ifdef _SGI_SOURCE
// Try to get memory that's aligned on something like a
// cache line boundary, so as to avoid parceling out
// parts of the same line to different threads and thus
// possibly different processors.
{
const int __cache_line_size = 128; // probable upper bound
__bytes_to_get &= ~(__cache_line_size-1);
_S_start_free = (char *)memalign(__cache_line_size, __bytes_to_get);
if (0 == _S_start_free) {
_S_start_free = (char *)__malloc_alloc::allocate(__bytes_to_get);
}
}
# else /* !SGI_SOURCE */
_S_start_free = (char *)__malloc_alloc::allocate(__bytes_to_get);
# endif
_S_heap_size += __bytes_to_get >> 4;
_S_end_free = _S_start_free + __bytes_to_get;
}
}
// lock is released here
return _S_chunk_alloc(__p_size, __nobjs, __a);
}
/* n must be > 0 */
void *_Pthread_alloc_impl::allocate(size_t& __n) {
typedef _Pthread_alloc_obj __obj;
__obj * volatile * __my_free_list;
__obj * __result;
__state_type* __a;
if (__n > _MAX_BYTES) {
return __malloc_alloc::allocate(__n);
}
__n = _S_round_up(__n);
__a = _S_get_per_thread_state();
__my_free_list = __a->__free_list + _S_freelist_index(__n);
__result = *__my_free_list;
if (__result == 0) {
void *__r = __a->_M_refill(__n);
return __r;
}
*__my_free_list = __result->__free_list_link;
return __result;
};
/* p may not be 0 */
void _Pthread_alloc_impl::deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n) {
typedef _Pthread_alloc_obj __obj;
__obj *__q = (__obj *)__p;
__obj * volatile * __my_free_list;
__state_type* __a;
if (__n > _MAX_BYTES) {
__malloc_alloc::deallocate(__p, __n);
return;
}
__a = _S_get_per_thread_state();
__my_free_list = __a->__free_list + _S_freelist_index(__n);
__q -> __free_list_link = *__my_free_list;
*__my_free_list = __q;
}
// boris : versions for per_thread_allocator
/* n must be > 0 */
void *_Pthread_alloc_impl::allocate(size_t& __n, __state_type* __a) {
typedef _Pthread_alloc_obj __obj;
__obj * volatile * __my_free_list;
__obj * __result;
if (__n > _MAX_BYTES) {
return __malloc_alloc::allocate(__n);
}
__n = _S_round_up(__n);
// boris : here, we have to lock per thread state, as we may be getting memory from
// different thread pool.
_STLP_auto_lock __lock(__a->_M_lock);
__my_free_list = __a->__free_list + _S_freelist_index(__n);
__result = *__my_free_list;
if (__result == 0) {
void *__r = __a->_M_refill(__n);
return __r;
}
*__my_free_list = __result->__free_list_link;
return __result;
};
/* p may not be 0 */
void _Pthread_alloc_impl::deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n, __state_type* __a) {
typedef _Pthread_alloc_obj __obj;
__obj *__q = (__obj *)__p;
__obj * volatile * __my_free_list;
if (__n > _MAX_BYTES) {
__malloc_alloc::deallocate(__p, __n);
return;
}
// boris : here, we have to lock per thread state, as we may be returning memory from
// different thread.
_STLP_auto_lock __lock(__a->_M_lock);
__my_free_list = __a->__free_list + _S_freelist_index(__n);
__q -> __free_list_link = *__my_free_list;
*__my_free_list = __q;
}
void *_Pthread_alloc_impl::reallocate(void *__p, size_t __old_sz, size_t& __new_sz) {
void * __result;
size_t __copy_sz;
if (__old_sz > _MAX_BYTES && __new_sz > _MAX_BYTES) {
return realloc(__p, __new_sz);
}
if (_S_round_up(__old_sz) == _S_round_up(__new_sz)) return __p;
__result = allocate(__new_sz);
__copy_sz = __new_sz > __old_sz? __old_sz : __new_sz;
memcpy(__result, __p, __copy_sz);
deallocate(__p, __old_sz);
return __result;
}
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state* _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_free_per_thread_states = 0;
pthread_key_t _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_key = 0;
_STLP_STATIC_MUTEX _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_chunk_allocator_lock _STLP_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
bool _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_key_initialized = false;
char *_Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_start_free = 0;
char *_Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_end_free = 0;
size_t _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_heap_size = 0;
void * _STLP_CALL _Pthread_alloc::allocate(size_t& __n)
{ return _Pthread_alloc_impl::allocate(__n); }
void _STLP_CALL _Pthread_alloc::deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n)
{ _Pthread_alloc_impl::deallocate(__p, __n); }
void * _STLP_CALL _Pthread_alloc::allocate(size_t& __n, __state_type* __a)
{ return _Pthread_alloc_impl::allocate(__n, __a); }
void _STLP_CALL _Pthread_alloc::deallocate(void *__p, size_t __n, __state_type* __a)
{ _Pthread_alloc_impl::deallocate(__p, __n, __a); }
void * _STLP_CALL _Pthread_alloc::reallocate(void *__p, size_t __old_sz, size_t& __new_sz)
{ return _Pthread_alloc_impl::reallocate(__p, __old_sz, __new_sz); }
_Pthread_alloc_per_thread_state* _STLP_CALL _Pthread_alloc::_S_get_per_thread_state()
{ return _Pthread_alloc_impl::_S_get_per_thread_state(); }
_STLP_MOVE_TO_STD_NAMESPACE
#endif
_STLP_END_NAMESPACE
#undef _S_FREELIST_INDEX
``` |
```c
/*your_sha256_hash---------
*
* split_shards.c
*
* This file contains functions to split a shard according to a given
* distribution column value.
*
*
*your_sha256_hash---------
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "c.h"
#include "fmgr.h"
#include "libpq-fe.h"
#include "catalog/pg_class.h"
#include "nodes/pg_list.h"
#include "storage/lock.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/elog.h"
#include "utils/errcodes.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/typcache.h"
#include "distributed/colocation_utils.h"
#include "distributed/coordinator_protocol.h"
#include "distributed/metadata_cache.h"
#include "distributed/metadata_sync.h"
#include "distributed/multi_join_order.h"
#include "distributed/multi_partitioning_utils.h"
#include "distributed/multi_router_planner.h"
#include "distributed/pg_dist_partition.h"
#include "distributed/pg_dist_shard.h"
#include "distributed/reference_table_utils.h"
#include "distributed/remote_commands.h"
#include "distributed/resource_lock.h"
#include "distributed/shard_split.h"
#include "distributed/utils/distribution_column_map.h"
#include "distributed/version_compat.h"
#include "distributed/worker_manager.h"
#include "distributed/worker_protocol.h"
#include "distributed/worker_transaction.h"
/* declarations for dynamic loading */
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(isolate_tenant_to_new_shard);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(worker_hash);
/*
* isolate_tenant_to_new_shard isolates a tenant to its own shard by spliting
* the current matching shard.
*/
Datum
isolate_tenant_to_new_shard(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
CheckCitusVersion(ERROR);
EnsureCoordinator();
Oid relationId = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
Datum inputDatum = PG_GETARG_DATUM(1);
text *cascadeOptionText = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(2);
Oid shardTransferModeOid = PG_GETARG_OID(3);
EnsureTableOwner(relationId);
CitusTableCacheEntry *cacheEntry = GetCitusTableCacheEntry(relationId);
char partitionMethod = cacheEntry->partitionMethod;
if (partitionMethod != DISTRIBUTE_BY_HASH)
{
ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot isolate tenant because tenant isolation "
"is only support for hash distributed tables")));
}
List *colocatedTableList = ColocatedTableList(relationId);
int colocatedTableCount = list_length(colocatedTableList);
Oid inputDataType = get_fn_expr_argtype(fcinfo->flinfo, 1);
char *tenantIdString = DatumToString(inputDatum, inputDataType);
char *cascadeOptionString = text_to_cstring(cascadeOptionText);
if (pg_strncasecmp(cascadeOptionString, "CASCADE", NAMEDATALEN) != 0 &&
colocatedTableCount > 1)
{
char *relationName = get_rel_name(relationId);
ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot isolate tenant because \"%s\" has colocated "
"tables", relationName),
errhint("Use CASCADE option to isolate tenants for the "
"colocated tables too. Example usage: "
"isolate_tenant_to_new_shard('%s', '%s', 'CASCADE')",
relationName, tenantIdString)));
}
EnsureReferenceTablesExistOnAllNodes();
Var *distributionColumn = DistPartitionKey(relationId);
/* earlier we checked that the table was hash partitioned, so there should be a distribution column */
Assert(distributionColumn != NULL);
Oid distributionColumnType = distributionColumn->vartype;
Datum tenantIdDatum = StringToDatum(tenantIdString, distributionColumnType);
ShardInterval *sourceShard = FindShardInterval(tenantIdDatum, cacheEntry);
if (sourceShard == NULL)
{
ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("tenant does not have a shard")));
}
int shardMinValue = DatumGetInt32(sourceShard->minValue);
int shardMaxValue = DatumGetInt32(sourceShard->maxValue);
if (shardMinValue == shardMaxValue)
{
char *tableName = get_rel_name(relationId);
ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
(errmsg("table %s has already been isolated for the given value",
quote_identifier(tableName)))));
}
List *sourcePlacementList = ActiveShardPlacementList(sourceShard->shardId);
if (list_length(sourcePlacementList) > 1)
{
ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot isolate tenants when using shard replication")));
}
ShardPlacement *sourceShardPlacement = linitial(sourcePlacementList);
/* get hash function name */
FmgrInfo *hashFunction = cacheEntry->hashFunction;
/* get hashed value of the distribution value */
Datum hashedValueDatum = FunctionCall1Coll(hashFunction,
cacheEntry->partitionColumn->varcollid,
tenantIdDatum);
int hashedValue = DatumGetInt32(hashedValueDatum);
List *shardSplitPointsList = NIL;
/*
* If the hash value lies at one of the boundaries, we only have a single
* split point.
*/
if (hashedValue == shardMinValue)
{
shardSplitPointsList = list_make1_int(hashedValue);
}
else if (hashedValue == shardMaxValue)
{
shardSplitPointsList = list_make1_int(hashedValue - 1);
}
else
{
shardSplitPointsList = list_make2_int(hashedValue - 1, hashedValue);
}
/* we currently place the isolated hash value into the same node */
int sourceNodeId = sourceShardPlacement->nodeId;
List *nodeIdsForPlacementList = list_make2_int(sourceNodeId, sourceNodeId);
if (list_length(shardSplitPointsList) > 1)
{
nodeIdsForPlacementList = lappend_int(nodeIdsForPlacementList, sourceNodeId);
}
DistributionColumnMap *distributionColumnOverrides = NULL;
List *sourceColocatedShardIntervalList = NIL;
SplitMode splitMode = LookupSplitMode(shardTransferModeOid);
SplitShard(splitMode,
ISOLATE_TENANT_TO_NEW_SHARD,
sourceShard->shardId,
shardSplitPointsList,
nodeIdsForPlacementList,
distributionColumnOverrides,
sourceColocatedShardIntervalList,
INVALID_COLOCATION_ID);
cacheEntry = GetCitusTableCacheEntry(relationId);
ShardInterval *newShard = FindShardInterval(tenantIdDatum, cacheEntry);
PG_RETURN_INT64(newShard->shardId);
}
/*
* worker_hash returns the hashed value of the given value.
*/
Datum
worker_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
CheckCitusVersion(ERROR);
Datum valueDatum = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
/* figure out hash function from the data type */
Oid valueDataType = get_fn_expr_argtype(fcinfo->flinfo, 0);
TypeCacheEntry *typeEntry = lookup_type_cache(valueDataType,
TYPECACHE_HASH_PROC_FINFO);
if (typeEntry->hash_proc_finfo.fn_oid == InvalidOid)
{
ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot find a hash function for the input type"),
errhint("Cast input to a data type with a hash function.")));
}
FmgrInfo *hashFunction = palloc0(sizeof(FmgrInfo));
fmgr_info_copy(hashFunction, &(typeEntry->hash_proc_finfo), CurrentMemoryContext);
/* calculate hash value */
Datum hashedValueDatum =
FunctionCall1Coll(hashFunction, PG_GET_COLLATION(), valueDatum);
PG_RETURN_INT32(hashedValueDatum);
}
``` |
Daniel-Kofi Kyereh (born 8 March 1996) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a forward for SC Freiburg and the Ghana national team.
Club career
Wehen Wiesbaden
On 6 June 2018, Kyereh signed with 3. Liga club, Wehen Wiesbaden. He helped Wehen secure promotion to the 2. Bundesliga with a goal in a 3–1 victory over Ingolstadt in a relegation match in May 2019. Following the club's relegation in the 2019–20 season, Kyereh was released on 30 June 2020.
FC St. Pauli
In July 2020, Kyereh signed a three-year contract with FC St. Pauli. In his first game in 2020 he scored two late goals to secure a point.
SC Freiburg
On 27 June 2022, Kyereh signed with Bundesliga side SC Freiburg. He scored his first competitive goal for Freiburg in a league match against Mainz on 1 October 2022. Five days later, he scored his first goal in European football in a 2–0 win over FC Nantes in the group stage of the Europa League.
International career
Kyereh was born in Ghana to a German mother and Ghanaian father, and moved to Germany at the age of 1. He debuted for the Ghana national team in a 1–0 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification win over Ethiopia on 3 September 2021.
On 14 November 2022, Ghana manager Otto Addo selected Kyereh as part of the final squad to represent the nation at the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. He featured as a second-half substitute in all three matches as the Black Stars were eliminated in the group stage.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Wehen Wiesbaden
Hessian Cup: 2018–19
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
Ghanaian people of German descent
German sportspeople of Ghanaian descent
Footballers from Accra
Ghanaian men's footballers
German men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Ghana men's international footballers
2021 Africa Cup of Nations players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Regionalliga players
TSV Havelse players
SV Wehen Wiesbaden players
FC St. Pauli players
SC Freiburg players
2022 FIFA World Cup players |
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Magdalen Bridge spans the divided stream of the River Cherwell just to the east of the City of Oxford, England, and next to Magdalen College, whence it gets its name and pronunciation. It connects the High Street to the west with The Plain, now a roundabout, to the east.
Antecedents
This point of the Cherwell has been used for crossing since ancient times. The first known reference to a bridge goes back to 1004 and originally it was probably a wooden trestle construction or a drawbridge. By the 16th century a late medieval stone bridge had replaced the wooden one. This bridge was about long and was formed by 20 arches.
By the 1770s, the stone bridge was too narrow for the increasing traffic, as it did not allow two vehicles crossing safely. In addition to this, the structure was becoming unsound due to the combination of two factors: a generalized lack of maintenance and the negative effects of regular flooding. Eventually some of the arches of the western side collapsed during the floods of February 1772, making the bridge irreparable.
The new bridge
The present stone bridge was designed by John Gwynn of Shrewsbury with a similar length to the previous one. It has a total of 11 arches of different dimensions distributed as follows. For each of the two branches of the river there are three large semicircular arches plus two smaller ones at each side of the river, originally designed for the towpaths. A central elliptical arch, the only existing in the long central area across the island, completes the structure. This arch only conveys water when the island gets submerged. The original plans of the bridge are in the British Library, 1802 c.17, vol.2, and King's Maps xxxvi, 33 (1).
The bridge, built between 1772 and 1790 by John Randall, originally had a width of , which accommodated a single roadway and two pavements. Although the bridge was opened to traffic by the end of 1778, a new scheme for the balustrade and the completion of the south western corner were not finished until 1782 and 1790 respectively.
Gwynn's original design included an extravagant decoration for the balustrade with sculptures and sphinxes that were commissioned to Henry Webber in 1778 but eventually abandoned in 1782. According to Pevsner, the bridge has "good sturdy balusters", although these have been replaced over the years because of degradation due to pollution.
Despite opposition from University members, the bridge was widened in 1882 to accommodate a four-foot gauge track for the tramway. The 18th-century bridge was widened by on the south side, but design was retained.
May Morning
The bridge is the scene of large crowds every 1 May early in the morning for the traditional May Morning celebrations in Oxford. There has been a recent tradition of students to jump off the bridge, despite the danger of injury due to low water levels in the Cherwell. In some years many jumpers have been injured and, in order to avoid this, the bridge is now routinely closed on May Morning.
Literature
Magdalen Bridge was mentioned by John Betjeman (1906–1984) in his poetry:
It is also mentioned in the 1911 novel Zuleika Dobson by Max Beerbohm (1872–1956).
Gallery
References
External links
Magdalen Bridge, Oxford
Magdalen Bridge Boathouse
Restrictions on Magdalen Bridge by Tom Pinnock, The Oxford Student, 2004
Bridges in Oxford
Bridges completed in 1790
Magdalen College, Oxford
Road bridges in England
Deck arch bridges
Arch bridges in the United Kingdom
Grade II* listed bridges in England
Grade II* listed buildings in Oxfordshire
1790 establishments in England |
Pikeville is an unincorporated community in Pike Township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Pikeville is located near the intersection of Lobachsville Road and Oysterdale Road.
The community's name is derived from Pike Township.
References
External links
Unincorporated communities in Berks County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania |
Rathwali(rāṭhavālī) or Rathi is spoken in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwhali, belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson) which itself has been classified as a dialect of Hindi. It is also known as Rathi(rāṭhī). It comes under the Indo Aryan family.
Grammar
Gender :
Rules for gender are same as Srinagaria.
Number :
Tadbhava masc. nouns which end with a in Hindi, in Rathwali end with o. However some exceptions exist.
Cases :
Adjectives :
Follows same rules as Srinagaria, however the final a is changed into a.
Pronouns :
Reflexive Pronoun is aaphu
Conjugation :
Auxiliary Verbs & Verbs Substantive
Comparative analysis
Script & specimen
References
Northern Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of Uttarakhand |
van der Kellen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
David van der Kellen Sr. (1764-1825), Dutch engraver
David van der Kellen Jr. (1804-1879), Dutch engraver, son of former
David van der Kellen Jr.(III) (1827-1895), Dutch painter, son of former
See also
Wilberd van der Kallen (born 1947), Dutch mathematician
Surnames of Dutch origin |
The Oreille River is a tributary of the Blondeau River (Chibougamau Lake), flowing entirely in the town of Chibougamau, in Jamésie, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The course of the river flows entirely in the canton of Roy.
The hydrographic slope of the "Oreille River" is accessible by the junction of a forest road (East-West direction) serving the north side of Chibougamau Lake; the latter is connected to route 167 which also serves the south side of Waconichi Lake and the Waconichi River. This last road comes from Chibougamau, going north-east to the south-eastern part of Mistassini Lake.
The surface of the "Oreille River" is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.
Geography
Toponymy
The term "Oreille" is a family name of French origin.
The toponym "rivière Oreille" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec, at the foundation of this commission.
References
See also
Rivers of Nord-du-Québec
Nottaway River drainage basin
Eeyou Istchee James Bay |
Boreotrophon triangulatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
Description
Distribution
References
Muricidae
Gastropods described in 1864
Taxa named by Philip Pearsall Carpenter |
Aurel Simion (7 April 1946 – August 2020) was a Romanian boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he defeated Mario Santamaria of Nicaragua, before losing to Miguel García of Argentina.
References
External links
1946 births
2020 deaths
Romanian male boxers
Olympic boxers for Romania
Boxers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Suceava
Featherweight boxers |
The Cuiaté River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.
See also
List of rivers of Minas Gerais
References
Map from Ministry of Transport
Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
Rivers of Minas Gerais |
SEGAS LNG is a liquefied natural gas (LNG) complex in Damietta, Egypt. It is located west of Port Said. The name SEGAS comes from the Spanish Egyptian Gas Company. The complex consists of a single LNG train capable of liquifying up to 5 million tons of natural gas per year and is one of two LNG export plants in Egypt (the other being a two-train 7.2Mt/yr LNG plant in Idku, owned by Shell and Petronas which commenced operation in 2005).
History
The LNG plant was ordered in 2000 and the construction works started in September 2001. The complex came on-stream in December 2004 and the first cargo was loaded on 20 January 2005. When SEGAS LNG became operational, it was the largest single train LNG plant in the world.
On 28 March 2005 Eni, BP, and EGAS signed a memorandum of understanding of construction of the second train. On 19 June 2006, partners signed the framework agreement for the expansion of the capacity of the LNG plant to 10 million tonnes per year. It was planned to be supplied from the Satis gas discovery in the offshore Nile Delta. However, the plan was postponed due limited gas reserves and increased domestic demand in Egypt.
Technical features
The output capacity of the plant is 5 million tons of LNG per year. The initial capacity was designed to be 5.5 million tons of LNG per year. The complex includes the LNG liquefaction train, inlet gas reception area (metering and analysis), natural gas liquids removal and fractionation area, a docking jetty for tanker loading and transportation, LNG refrigerated storage and export facilities (tanks and booms), utilities and supporting infrastructure (power, water and roads), gas metering and treatment facilities (acid gas removal and dehydration), refrigerant condensate and LNG storage (two 150,000 m³ PC LNG storage tanks). The total investment costs of the LNG complex were around US$1.3 billion.
The Damietta LNG complex was designed by KBR and constructed by KBR, JGC Corporation, M. W. Kellogg Limited and Técnicas Reunidas. Saipem constructed storage tanks while Dodsal Pte Ltd was the subcontractor responsible for the construction of the mechanical works of LNG train.
Gas supply
The plant was originally supplied by natural gas from the West Delta Deep Marine (WDDM) Concession Area about from the LNG complex. It is supplied by the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS).
Export markets
Produced LNG is exported mainly to the Spanish market via a new receiving terminal at Sagunto. 3.2 million tons of LNG per year is taken by Unión Fenosa Gas. The rest of the LNG is sold by the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company.
Plant closure and reopening
In mid-2013 the LNG complex was shut due to the lack of natural gas. The gas that had acted as feedstock for the plant was diverted to satisfy domestic gas demand in Egypt. Gas supply was only restored in February 2021, following the startup of the Zohr gas field and the commencement of gas imports to Egypt from Israel via pipeline.
Operating company
The LNG complex is operated by SEGAS, which is controlled by Unión Fenosa Gas, a joint venture of Unión Fenosa and Eni. Unión Fenosa Gas owns 80% of SEGAS shares. Minor share holders are the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS - 10%) and the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC – 10%).
See also
Energy in Egypt
References
Liquefied natural gas plants
Oil and gas companies of Egypt
Eni
Damietta
JGC Corporation |
Glenn Richard Flierl (born 1948) is Professor of Oceanography at the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1970, he received his B.A. in Physics from Oberlin College and in 1975 his Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard University. Advised by Allan Richard Robinson, he graduated with the dissertation "Gulf Stream Meandering, Ring Formation and Ring Propagation". He joined the faculty at MIT in 1976.
Research
He is known for fundamental insights into the dynamics of vortices and geostrophic turbulence and their impact on marine ecosystems.
He is also known for informing and inspiring the public about marine science. For example, he explains unusual ocean features, like paired eddies, in the Newsweek article "Double Whirlpools Found Spinning Across Hundreds of Miles in the Ocean Seen for the First Time".
Awards
In 2014, Glenn R. Flierl was elected a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union. He received the Henry Stommel Research Award of the American Meteorological Society in 2015.
Selected publications
References
Living people
American oceanographers
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Harvard University alumni
1948 births
20th-century American scientists
21st-century American scientists |
Piers Gilchrist Thompson (10 May 1893 – 7 February 1969) was an English publisher and Liberal Party politician.
Family and education
Thompson was born in Battersea, the son of the Reverend Canon Henry Percy Thompson and his wife Lillian (née Thomas). He was educated at Winchester College and Brasenose College, Oxford where he obtained his MA degree. He was married to Hester Barnes and they had two sons and a daughter.
Career
On 26 August 1914, shortly after the British entry into the First World War, aged 21 years, Thompson was commissioned into the 4th Battalion The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment). He ended his military service with the rank of captain. From the early 1920s, Thompson was looking for a career in publishing. He invested in the publishing house established by Jonathan Cape and became a junior director in the firm. After 1923, he was a Treasurer of Jonathan Cape. He also worked with Hamish Hamilton who founded his own publishing house. He later became a partner in the publishing company of Lovat Dickson and Thompson Ltd.
Politics
Torquay
Thompson first stood for Parliament at the 1922 general election. Torquay Liberal Association had had trouble in finding a suitable candidate after the 1918 general election. They consulted the Liberal Chief Whip and party headquarters in 1919 but no nominee came forward until Thompson was adopted as Liberal candidate for Torquay in 1922. At the 1918 general election the Liberal candidate, Captain Russell Cooke, had finished a poor third behind Coalition Conservative and Labour opponents, gaining just 15% of the poll.
1922-1923
In 1922, Thompson faced a straight fight against the sitting Tory MP, Colonel Charles Rosdew Burn, who was a distinguished ex-soldier and an Aide-de-camp to the King. In the absence of a Labour candidate Burn's majority was reduced from the 10,039 he had obtained in 1918 to 1,251 or 4.4% of the poll.
Burn stood down from the House of Commons at the 1923 general election. Thompson had another straight fight in Torquay this time against the new Conservative candidate Charles Williams. In a tight contest, Thompson emerged as the winner by the narrow majority of 372 votes, just 1.2% of the total votes cast.
1924
At the 1924 general election Thompson faced the intervention of a Labour candidate, Arthur Moyle, who later went on to be MP for Stourbridge. Labour's decision to stand was criticised by the Liberals as serving only to split the anti-Tory vote. Charles Williams renewed his attack on the seat for the Conservatives. The Tory revival in the country at large was repeated in Torquay and Williams obtained 55% of the poll to win by a majority of 6,161 over Thompson. Moyle came bottom of the poll, losing his deposit but it can hardly be contended that his intervention cost Thompson the seat. The level of support for Williams was too great and the Liberal Party's decline was a national phenomenon.
1924-1940
After he lost in 1924 Thompson declined to stand again in Torquay. The local Liberal Association did however approach him again when they were looking for a new candidate after the 1929 general election but he was unwilling to take it on. Thompson made his home in Shipbourne near Tonbridge in Kent and in 1936 accepted an invitation to become Liberal candidate for the Sevenoaks Division of Kent, although he never contested an election in the seat. In fact he never stood for Parliament again. He maintained his connection with Liberalism however and was sometime Honorary Secretary of the Home Counties Liberal Federation. He was also a member of the executive committee of the Proportional Representation Society.
Death
Thompson died on 7 February 1969 aged 75 years.
References
External links
1893 births
1969 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
British Army personnel of World War I
Publishers (people) from London
UK MPs 1923–1924
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Politics of Devon
People from Shipbourne
People from Battersea
20th-century English businesspeople |
Ratneshwar Lal Kayastha (born 3 May 1944) is a Nepalese politician and former Governor of Province No. 2. He was appointed as a governor of Province No. 2 by the Government of Nepal on 17 January 2018. He served as a Governor of Province No. 2 from 19 January 2018 to 03 November 2019.
Earlier, he was the Secretary at Ministry of Agriculture and Director General at Department of Irrigation, Nepal. Kayastha began his political career with Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal in the 2004.
Early life and education
Ratneshwar Lal Kayastha was born at Suga Bhawani (now Jaleshwar), Mahottari on 3 May 1944 to Lal Kishore Lal & Achakmani Devi. His father was a secondary level Teacher. He was passed School Leaving Certificate (SLC) in 1st division from Laxmi Chand Murarka Higher Secondary School in Jaleshwar and earned an Intermediates degree with Science from Tri-Chandra College, Kathmandu. He further studied Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech.) from the same college and later he moved to IIT, Kharaghpur and Imperial College London for higher education degree.
Civil service career
Kayastha joined Civil services of Nepal as an Engineer in 1964.
See also
Prof. Dr. Govinda Bahadur Tumbahang
Anuradha Koirala
Baburam Kunwar
Durga Keshar Khanal
Mohan Raj Malla
References
External links
Living people
1944 births
Nepalese politicians
IIT Kharagpur alumni
Alumni of Imperial College London
People from Mahottari District
Governors of Madhesh Province
Tri-Chandra College alumni |
The Sixth Gun is a comic book series created by Cullen Bunn and Brian Hurtt and published by Oni Press consisting of a monthly ongoing series and several spinoffs.
Summary
The Sixth Gun ongoing series
The series takes place in the Old West during the late 1880s. The story centers around a set of six pistols, each imbued with dark powers. The wielder of each pistol gains an ability unique to the weapon and is tied to the pistol until their death. The main protagonists, Becky Montcrief and Drake Sinclair, attempt to collect the Six and learn their secrets. Antagonists in the series include General Hume and his four horsemen, the Knights of Solomon, the Sword of Abraham, and the Grey Witch.
Cold Dead Fingers
Drake Sinclair searches for the Sixth Gun, which he believes will grant him access to General Hume's vault, which is rumored to be filled with treasures Hume had amassed during the Civil War. His search leads him to a young woman, Becky Montcrief, who is bound to the Sixth Gun after its former owner is killed. They are pursued by General Hume, his four horsemen, and his wife, Missy Hume, each of whom carries one of the Six Guns.
As Becky and Drake head to the Maw, where Hume's vault awaits, Drake manages to pick off Hume's four horsemen one by one and claim their guns for himself. At the Maw, they meet Gord Cantrell, who is also trying to gain access to Hume's vault. However, Becky realizes the vault does not contain treasure but rather unlocks some dark power. It requires all six guns to unlock.
In a battle at the Maw, General Hume is defeated, but Missy Hume escapes.
Crossroads
Drake, Becky, and Gord try to uncover the secrets of the Six while various agents try to claim the Six for themselves. In the process, they make allies with the Sword of Abraham. Gord discovers the Six may unlock the power to remake the world.
Bound
While trying to transport Hume's corpse to a secure location so that he won't be resurrected, the Sword of Abraham is attacked by undead horsemen sent by Missy Hume. Drake is thrown from a train and separated from the others.
After the attack, Becky is taken to the secure location for Hume's corpse, only to learn she will be imprisoned there too so that no one can get the Sixth Gun from her. By tapping into the powers of her gun, Becky is able to escape.
Gord returns to the now deserted estate where he had once been a slave and learns how the Six were summoned into the world.
A Town Called Penance
Becky's search for Drake leads her to a town called Penance. She gradually learns that the people in the town are unable to leave and are kept so that they can be human sacrifices for the Knights of Solomon.
In a hideout of the Knights of Solomon, hidden beneath Penance, Drake is interrogated and tortured. Becky manages to rescue him, but during their escape, they discover a mosaic mural depicting Drake as a medieval knight.
Winter Wolves
A wendigo captures Becky and Drake in the spirit world. Drake suspects he has lived other lives and that the world has not only been remade before but many times. The two manage to escape from the spirit world, but Becky also unlocks some of the deeper powers of the Sixth Gun, and she feels it is beginning to transform her.
Ghost Dance
Becky is half stuck in the spirit world after using the sixth gun. Drake takes her to a shaman, who tries to guide Becky back. In the spirit world, Becky walks the Winding Way, a path that cuts through all of creation. She sees the different realities the Six have created, and others that may exist. She sees Drake in different lives as he seeks to destroy the Six, the most ancient of which is a caveman, back when the Six were clubs.
From inside the Winding Way, Becky is attacked by shamans sent by Missy Hume, but she manages to escape. General Hume's mother, the Grey Witch, tires of Missy Hume's failures and murders her.
Not the Bullet, but the Fall
The Grey Witch attacks with all her strength and manages to kill all of Becky and Drake's allies and claim the Six.
The Grey Witch
In a flashback, we learn that the Grey Witch serves the Great Wyrms, ancient creatures from the dawn of time. They caused humans untold suffering, and it was this suffering that first brought the Six into existence. The first time the humans remade the world, they tried to remake it without the Great Wyrms, but they managed to burrow themselves deep into the roots of creation. Each time the world is remade, they fade from it a little more, but since humanity no longer remembers them, the recreation of the world is too inarticulate to precisely weed them out entirely. The Grey Witch seeks to remake a world in which the Great Wyrms have returned to their former strength.
Hell and High Water
The Grey Witch begins to recreate the world. Becky and Drake pursue her into the Devil's Workshop.
Boot Hill
Drake realizes it was he who remade the world the first time, and ever since he has been bound to the Six, recalled to life every time the Six are summoned back into existence. Every time the world is remade, it's corrupted by the selfish desires of the person remaking it. The last time the world was remade, Drake attempted to make something that could undo the power of the Six—he created Becky. In the final battle, Becky takes hold of creation and remakes the world one last time. To prevent the world from being corrupted by her own desires, she unmakes herself in the process.
Publication History
Spinoffs
The Sixth Gun: Sons of the Gun
A five-issue spinoff featuring General Hume's horsemen: Bill Sumter, Ben Kinney, Will Arcene, and Silas Hedgepeth.
The Sixth Gun: Days of the Dead
A five-issue spinoff featuring Brother Roberto Vargas and Jesup Sutter.
The Sixth Gun: Dust to Dust
A three-issue spinoff miniseries featuring Billjohn O'Henry.
The Sixth Gun: Valley of Death
A three-issue spinoff miniseries.
Shadow Roads
The Sixth Gun Reborn
The Sixth Gun Reborn is a placeholder title for a new Sixth Gun series coming in 2025. Bunn and Hurtt have said they have a title in mind for the series, but they're waiting for the right time to reveal it. The series was announced as part of the Kickstarter campaign for the Deluxe Omnibus Library. During the campaign, stretch goals for three prelude one-shot stories and a prose short story were unlocked. Bunn has described the upcoming series as, "One part Shadow Roads, one part The Sixth Gun, with a whole bunch of action, adventure, and epic fantasy thrown into the mix."
Collections
Trade Paperbacks
The Sixth Gun and Shadow Roads have been collected into the following trade paperbacks:
Oversized Hardcovers
There are six hardcover collections, available in both a "Deluxe Edition" (the standard version) and a "Gunslinger Edition" (a limited print version). These collect all fifty issues of the regular series, plus all the spinoffs. The first Gunslinger volume was limited to 1000 copies, whereas subsequent volumes were limited to 500.
Critical reception
Awards
Through 2012, The Sixth Gun has been nominated for two Eisner Awards and three Harvey Awards.
Adaptations
Television
On July 22, 2011, it was announced that The Sixth Gun would be adapted into a six-part mini-series to air on the SyFy channel, however this did not come to fruition.
In 2013, NBC ordered a pilot based on The Sixth Gun, and Laura Ramsey, W. Earl Brown, Graham McTavish and Aldis Hodge were cast. Additional cast included Michiel Huisman as Drake Sinclair, Pedro Pascal as Agent Ortega and Elena Satine as Missy Hume. On May 8, 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported that NBC had passed on the series.
In 2022, screenwriter Selwyn Seyfu Hinds began developing the series for Universal Content Productions.
Roleplaying Game
In 2015, Pinnacle Entertainment Group published the official role-playing game based on The Sixth Gun utilizing the Savage Worlds rules system. The core rulebook is written by Scott Alan Woodard.
References
2010 comics debuts
Comics by Cullen Bunn
Fantasy Westerns
Oni Press titles
Western (genre) comics |
The landing craft mechanized (LCM) is a landing craft designed for carrying vehicles. They came to prominence during the Second World War when they were used to land troops or tanks during Allied amphibious assaults.
Variants
There was no single design of LCM used, unlike the landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) or Landing Craft Assault (LCA) landing craft made by the US and UK respectively. There were several different designs built by the UK and US and by different manufacturers.
The British Motor Landing Craft (MLC) was conceived and tested in the 1920s and was used from 1924 in exercises. Nine were in service at the start of the war. It was the first purpose built tank landing craft. It was the progenitor of all subsequent LCM designs.
LCM (1)
The landing craft, mechanised Mark I was an early British model. It was able to be slung under the davits of a liner or on a cargo ship boom with the result that it was limited to a 16-ton tank.
The LCM Mark I was used during the Allied landings in Norway (one alongside the MLCs), and at Dieppe and some 600 were built.
Displacement: 35 tonnes
Length:
Width:
Draught:
Machinery: two Chrysler 100 hp petrol engines
Speed: 7 knots
Crew: 6 men
Armament: two .303 in. Lewis guns
Capacity: one medium tank, or 26.8 tons of cargo or 60 troops
100 men
with of freeboard
LCM (2)
Displacement: 29 tons
Length: 45 ft (14 m)
Beam: 14 ft 1 in (4.3 m)
Draft: 3 ft (0.91 m)
Speed: 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h)
Armament: two .50-cal M2 Browning machine guns
Crew: 4
Capacity; 100 troops, or one 13.5 ton tank, or 15 tons of cargo
The first American LCM design, from the US Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair. Approximately 150 were built by American Car & Foundry and Higgins Industries.
LCM (3)
There were two designs:
Bureau
Capable of carrying of cargo
Higgins
In appearance very similar to the LCVP which Higgins Industries also constructed, with a wide load area at the front and a small armoured (1/4 inch steel) wheelhouse on the aft decking over the engine room. A Higgins LCM-3 is on display at the Battleship Cove maritime museum in Fall River, Massachusetts. Another Higgins LCM-3 is displayed at the Museo Storico Piana delle Orme in Province of Latina, Italy, 18 miles East of Anzio.
Displacement: 52 tons (loaded); 23 tons (empty)
Length:
Beam:
Draft: (forward); (aft)
Speed: (loaded); (empty)
Armament: two .50-cal M2 Browning machine guns
Crew: 4
Capacity: One 30-ton tank (e.g. M4 Sherman), 60 troops, or of cargo
LCM (4)
In the years 1943 and 1944, seventy-seven LCM(4)s were built. Outwardly, the LCM(4) was almost completely identical to a late model LCM(1) – the difference lay inside the pontoon. Here special bilge pumps and special ballast tanks allowed the LCM(4) to alter trim to increase stability when partially loaded.
LCM (5)
British model of LCM
LCM (6)
The LCM (6) was an LCM (3) extended by amidships.
Power plant:
2 Detroit 6-71 diesel engines; sustained; twin shaft; or
2 Detroit 8V-71 diesel engines; sustained; twin shaft
Length: 56.2 feet (17.1 m)
Beam: 14 feet (4.3 m)
Displacement: 64 tons (65 metric tons) full load
Speed: 9 knots (10.3 mph, 16.6 km/h)
Range: 130 miles (240 km) at
Military lift: 34 tons (34.6 metric tons) or 80 troops
Crew: 5
Many LCM-6s were later adapted for the Mobile Riverine Force in the Vietnam War. Some were modified as Armored Troop Carriers (ATCs or "Tangos"), others became "Monitors" with 105mm guns, "Zippos" with flamethrowers or "Charlie" command variants.
A few LCMs were converted to lay and repair hoses for tankers equipped with the Offshore Petroleum Discharge System (OPDS).
LCM (7)
British model of LCM
LCM (8)
General characteristics, LCM 8 Type
Power plant: four 6-71 six-cylinder diesels, two hydraulic transmissions, two propeller shafts. (Lighterage Division, Naval Support Activity Danang 1969-1970) crew of 3: coxswain, bowhook, and engineer (aka "snipe")
Power plant: 2 Detroit 12V-71 diesel engines; sustained; twin shafts
Length: 73.7 feet (22.5 m)
Beam: 21 feet (6.4 m)
Displacement: 105 tons (106.7 metric tons) full load
Speed: 12 kt (13.8 mph, 22.2 km/h)
Range: 190 nm (350 km) at full load
Capacity: 53.5 tons (54.4 metric tons)
Military lift: one M48 or one M60 tank or 200 troops
Crew: 5
Operators
– Turkish Naval Forces
– United States Navy, U.S. Army 7th Transportation Brigade Expeditionary
– Royal Thai Navy
– Royal Australian Navy
– Australian Army
– Spanish Navy
– Navy of El Salvador
– Royal New Zealand Navy
– Egyptian Navy
– Royal Saudi Navy
- Pakistan Navy
- Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
- Vietnam People's Navy
Former operators
– Khmer National Navy
– Republic of Vietnam Navy
See also
Motor Landing Craft
Landing Craft, Tank
LCVP (United States)
LCM2000
LCM 25 ton type - Japanese version of LCM-6
Notes
References
Gordon L. Rottman & Tony Bryan, Landing Ship, Tank (LST) 1942–2002, New Vanguard series 115, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2005.
Gordon L. Rottman & Hugh Johnson, Vietnam Riverine Craft 1962–75, New Vanguard series 128, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2006.
Gordon L. Rottman & Peter Bull, Landing Craft, Infantry and Fire Support, New Vanguard series 157, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2009.
Maund, LEH Assault From the Sea, Methuen & Co. Ltd., London 1949.
External links
Skill in the Surf: A Landing Boat Manual
LCM-6 principal characteristics
History of "Logistics over The Shore" operations
LCM & LCU fact file
LCM information
USS Rankin (AKA-103): LCM
LCM-6 Xj3D/VRML model
LCM-6 surface textures required for Xj3D/VRML model
Landing craft
Ship types |
```javascript
import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
import { IAMClient } from "@aws-sdk/client-iam";
import { LambdaClient } from "@aws-sdk/client-lambda";
import { SageMakerClient } from "@aws-sdk/client-sagemaker";
import { SQSClient } from "@aws-sdk/client-sqs";
import { S3Client } from "@aws-sdk/client-s3";
import { Prompter } from "@aws-doc-sdk-examples/lib/prompter.js";
import { SlowLogger } from "@aws-doc-sdk-examples/lib/slow-logger.js";
import { SageMakerPipelinesWkflw } from "./SageMakerPipelinesWkflw.js";
const prompter = new Prompter();
const logger = new SlowLogger(25);
export async function main() {
const pipelineWkfw = new SageMakerPipelinesWkflw(prompter, logger, {
IAM: new IAMClient({ region: "us-west-2" }),
Lambda: new LambdaClient({ region: "us-west-2" }),
SageMaker: new SageMakerClient({ region: "us-west-2" }),
S3: new S3Client({ region: "us-west-2" }),
SQS: new SQSClient({ region: "us-west-2" }),
});
await pipelineWkfw.run();
}
// Invoke main function if this file was run directly.
if (process.argv[1] === fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)) {
main();
}
``` |
The Carolinas tornado outbreak of March 28, 1984, was the most destructive tornado outbreak to sweep through the two states since another tornado outbreak struck 100 years and 1 month earlier, according to NOAA and NCDC public records.
Summary
On the evening of March 27, upper-air plots identified a broad and powerful upper-level trough exiting the southern Rocky Mountains into the Great Plains. Winds in the upper reaches of the troposphere accelerated upwards of across Texas and Mississippi. In the mid-levels of the atmosphere, the trough detached into a cut-off low, while a potent shortwave trough rounded the base of this feature into the Gulf Coast of the United States. Winds at this level increased to , and notably, became increasingly diffluent across the Southeastern United States. Early on March 28, a surface area of low pressure developed over eastern Texas and reached a minimum barometric pressure of as it pushed into western Tennessee later that day. Winds in the lower levels of the atmosphere intensified to and likewise increased at the surface, contributing to significant warm air advection to the south of a warm front draped across the Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina. By 15:00 UTC, surface dewpoints had surged in excess of across Georgia and South Carolina, at which time forecasters at the National Weather Service Severe Local Storms Unit (SLSU) – equivalent to the modern-day Storm Prediction Center – outlined a Moderate risk of severe weather from southwestern Georgia northeastward into southern Maryland. Within three hours, these moist dewpoints surged well into eastern North Carolina as the surface low pushed into southern Kentucky.
To the south of the original area of low pressure, a distinct mesolow developed along the warm front across northern Alabama. This feature first began to form around 18:00 UTC, and within three hours, it had rapidly deepened to a barometric pressure of . This system moved rapidly northeast at speeds up to , thus crossing into eastern North Carolina during the evening hours. As it did so, low-level winds across the eastern Carolinas originated from a southerly direction instead of a southwesterly direction; this shift in flow created a strongly sheared environment across the region. Meanwhile, afternoon temperatures climbed above , contributing to significant destabilization. Convective available potential energy values rose between 2,000 and 3,000 J/kg into North Carolina, with locally higher values observed in northeastern South Carolina.
These environmental conditions bore strong resemblance to the idealized tornado setup across the Carolinas, and they prompted the SLSU to upgrade areas from eastern Alabama into the Outer Banks of North Carolina to a High risk of severe weather, the first occurrence on record in this portion of the United States. As the mesolow moved across the Carolinas, it was supported by a surface trough to its east-northeast which likely formed as a result of differential heating. Strong low-level convergence associated with this feature led to vigorous thunderstorm development in close proximity to the low, where low-level helicity was maximized and highly supportive of supercell thunderstorms. These supercells first began producing tornadoes across Upstate South Carolina around 19:15 UTC and continued to do so as they moved northeast, passing between Columbia and Charlotte around 22:00 UTC, near Fayetteville around 00:00 UTC on March 29, and finally ending north of the Albemarle Sound in northeastern North Carolina around 02:00 UTC. In total, 24 tornadoes were confirmed, with 11 each in the Carolinas and 2 in Georgia. The size and scope of the event drew parallels to the 1884 Enigma tornado outbreak and tornado outbreak on April 16, 2011, and it held the record for number of tornadoes in the Carolinas until that 2011 event. Comparisons were also drawn to the 1925 Tri-State tornado outbreak given the progression of an intense collection of tornadoes located near the mesolow.
Confirmed tornadoes
Aftermath
Ultimately this outbreak was responsible for 57 deaths, 1,249 injuries, and confirmed tornado damage in 2 counties in Georgia, 8 counties in South Carolina, and 17 counties in North Carolina, according to data from the National Weather Service and the National Climatic Data Center records and statistical data.
This was an unusual East Coast outbreak both in its sustained intensity and in some of its meteorological specifics. It was noted by Grazulis and other researchers that this outbreak developed near the center of a large-scale low, in a fashion resembling the 1925 Tri-State tornado. In this outbreak, the damage path was attributed to separate tornadoes, though one storm produced (on an estimated 250+ mile track) a family of 13 large tornadoes, 10 of which produced F3 or F4 damage, which was occasionally connected by swaths of downburst damage. The resulting tornado family, the series of tornadoes in totality is among the longest on record.
This outbreak was also part of a larger storm system that was responsible for producing severe weather across a much wider area of the eastern U.S. On the previous day, weaker tornadoes had been reported in scattered locations from Louisiana to Alabama, and a thunderstorm-caused flash flood was suspected to be the cause of a train derailment in north Florida. The northern part of the same system first spawned additional severe (non-tornadic) thunderstorms, which caused 4 additional deaths in Maryland and Pennsylvania, before then dropping snow, sleet and ice across a wide area of the northeast. The thunderstorms which produced the tornado outbreak were also responsible (according to the same data) for numerous reports of large hail and wind damage in Appalachian southwest North Carolina, and numerous larger cities (Atlanta, Baltimore, Greenville, South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, Dover, Delaware, Fayetteville, North Carolina, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Raleigh, North Carolina, Suffolk, Virginia, Norfolk, Virginia) at the periphery of the outbreak, with wind damage from thunderstorms reported as far north as Delaware.
See also
List of tornado outbreaks
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of Storm Prediction Center high risk days
Tornado outbreak of April 14–16, 2011
Notes
References
Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001). The Tornado. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 203.
Fujita, T. T.; Stiegler, D. (1985). "Detailed analysis of the tornado outbreak in the Carolinas by using radar, satellite, and aerial survey data. Preprints". 14th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Indianapolis. American Meteorological Society. pp. 271–274.
Kraft, Scott; Harper, Timothy (April 1, 1984). "Wreckage, victims tell tornado's tale on 450-mile route". Herald-American (Syracuse, New York). Associated Press. p. 16.
External links
Full map of the 1984 Carolinas tornado outbreak. Tornado History Project.
Anniversary video focusing on the Red Springs tornado, including footage of damage done to the town.
Second look at the Red Springs storm.
Raleigh News & Observer 25th anniversary feature focusing on the Bennettsville and Red Springs storms.
The Weather Channel blog post detailing the outbreak, with some meteorological information.
F4 tornadoes by date
Tornadoes of 1984
Tornadoes in Georgia (U.S. state)
Tornadoes in South Carolina
Tornadoes in North Carolina
1984 natural disasters in the United States
1984 in North Carolina
Carolinas tornado outbreak |
Flypass may refer to:
Flypass, Air Malta's frequent flyer program
Flypast |
```kotlin
/*
* that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
package zzz
open class B {
val z by lazy { "qzz" }
val x = 117
val zzz = "zzz"
}
``` |
Soutice is a municipality and village in Benešov District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Černýš and Kalná are administrative parts of Soutice.
References
Villages in Benešov District |
Kotouba is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Kita in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. The commune includes 5 villages and in the 2009 census had a population of 5,799.
References
External links
.
Communes of Kayes Region |
Food Basics was a no-frills discount supermarket chain owned and operated by The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company in the northeastern United States.
Food Basics carried major national brands, as well as A&P's portfolio of private labels, including America's Choice, A&P's flagship private label, Food Basics and Home Basics, Live Better, and Green Way. The stores also included brands usually not carried by other A&P family stores.
Food Basics, like the rest of A&P’s operations, was liquidated and closed in 2015. The name and trademark was purchased by Allegiance Retail Services, which also purchased the name and trademark for Food Basics’ former corporate sibling Pathmark.
History
The Food Basics concept began in 1995 in Canada, where it was launched by A&P's Canadian subsidiary. As of 2009, the two chains were no longer connected as the Canadian Food Basics stores are now owned and operated by Metro Inc., which purchased A&P's Canadian stores.
In 2001, A&P brought the Food Basics concept to the U.S., reopening its closed A&P supermarket in Passaic, New Jersey, as its first Food Basics in the US. A&P was pleased with the results and within several months of opening the Passaic store, A&P decided to expand the Food Basics banner into nearby Paterson, and renovated an A&P store there.
Some of the new Food Basics stores had been part of the A&P family for decades, including the Paterson store mentioned above, with A&P's former Atlantic Regional headquarters nearby; in fact, before a separate building was constructed in the 1970s, A&P operated its store inside the headquarters building.
Other Food Basics stores, such as the Wallington, New Jersey, Food Basics store, became part of A&P when the chain purchased Stop & Shop's New York Metro division in 1982.
From its beginning, American Food Basics stores followed the same business plan as the Canadian stores: no in-store bakery or deli, some locations had no in-store butcher, and customers were not given free plastic bags. In the latter case, customers were encouraged to bring their own bags, with a small discount for each bag used, or use cardboard boxes provided for free. A sturdier plastic bag than a typical supermarket shopping bag was available to customers for a small fee. In the US, this was not a popular policy. Food Basics eventually stopped charging for shopping bags and started using cheap plastic bags used by its competitors and its fellow A&P banner stores.
In its early years, all of Food Basics' stores in the United States had been small former A&Ps. In the mid-2000s, A&P expanded the Food Basics concept to larger stores, including a former A&P Food Market in North Bergen, New Jersey, a former Super Fresh Super Store in Northeast Philadelphia, a Pathmark Super Center in the Eastside section of Paterson (the city's second Food Basics store), and an A&P Super Food Mart in Bridgeport, CT.
In nearly all cases, the converted Food Basics stores were able to retain elements of the A&Ps they took over. The North Bergen and Paterson Eastside stores kept the pharmacy departments that their old stores had and were the only Food Basics to offer pharmacies. Five Food Basics kept the old stores' liquor licenses, with a sixth store selling only beer.
In 2006, A&P made changes to the Food Basics model, opening a prototype store in Glassboro, New Jersey. The newer format emphasized low pricing (or "best pricing"), fresh produce, cut meats, and a bakery. New signage, colors, and wide aisles were among the changes in the Glassboro store.
In 2014, A&P operated 10 Food Basics stores: seven in New Jersey, two in Philadelphia, and one in Brooklyn.
When A&P opted for liquidation in 2015, nine of the ten remaining Food Basics locations were sold to other operators. Key Food purchased several of these stores and rebranded the Paterson and Glen Rock, New Jersey stores under the Super Fresh banner, which was the name of A&P’s Philadelphia-area chain and which Key Food acquired in the bankruptcy auction for the company’s intellectual properties. The Passaic and Eastside Paterson stores were rebranded Gala Fresh, another Key Food brand concept, but neither store operates under this brand; the Eastside Paterson store rebranded as another Key Food marque, Food Universe, while the Passaic store was closed and subdivided; half of the store is now occupied by Dollar Tree and the other is home to that store’s sibling chain of variety stores, Family Dollar.
References
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company
American companies established in 2001
Retail companies established in 2001
Retail companies disestablished in 2015
Defunct supermarkets of the United States
Supermarkets of the United States
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2010
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2015 |
Pilsbryspira aterrima is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.
Description
The length of the shell varies between 8 mm and 20 mm.
The shell has a very dark chocolate color, with sometimes a narrow white line above the periphery, but this is usually absent. The spire is lengthened or short. The whorls are rudely prominently keeled on the periphery, which is nodulous.
Below the keel are a few raised revolving lines, occasionally broken up into granules.
The great variation in the proportions of this shell has caused a number of synonyms to be made.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean from Mazatlan, Mexico to Northern Peru
References
Sowerby G.B. (1833), Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 138
External links
W.H. Dall (1909), Report on the collection of shells from Peru ;Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 37, pages 147–294, with Plates 20–28
Gastropods.com: Pilsbryspira aterrima
aterrima
Gastropods described in 1834 |
Rhys Cadwaladr (fl. 1666–1690) was a Welsh language poet and classical scholar, born in Conwy, north Wales.
Notes
1690 deaths
People from Conwy
Welsh-language poets
17th-century Welsh writers
17th-century male writers
17th-century Welsh poets
Year of birth unknown |
North Newport Christian Church is an historic church at the junction of Maine State Route 222 and Pratt Road in North Newport, Maine. Built in 1857, it is a fine example of a transitional Greek Revival-Italianate church in a rural context. It originally housed both Baptist and Congregationalist congregations, but later was used only by the latter, and is now infrequently used. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
Description and history
The North Newport Christian Church is set at the northwest corner of Pratt Road and Mullen Street (Maine SR 222) in northern Newport, about halfway between Corinna and Stetson. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. The gable ends have returns, and the gables and eaves have extended overhangs with decorative brackets. The building corners are pilastered. The main facade, facing south, is symmetrically arranged, with a pair of entrances, each framed by pilasters and a bracketed cornice on either side of a single window. The gable end is decorated with a large triangular false louver. The interior has small vestibule areas, leading into the main chamber, which has original pews with two aisles, and a raised platform at the far end.
The church was built in 1857 by Abiah Steward, and represents a well-preserved modestly-styled example of transitional architecture in a rural setting. North Newport's Baptist congregation was established in 1817, and its Christian Church congregation about 1840, both originally meeting in local schoolhouses. In about 1850 the two congregations began discussing building a shared facility, which resulted in the construction of this building (supposedly about midway between their previous meeting places). By 1907 the building was being exclusively by the Christian Church congregation, which met regularly until about 1975. The building is now used only occasionally for services.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Penobscot County, Maine
References
Churches in Penobscot County, Maine
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Italianate architecture in Maine
Churches completed in 1857
19th-century churches in the United States
Newport, Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Penobscot County, Maine
1857 establishments in Maine
Italianate church buildings in the United States |
Berliner Motor Corporation was the US distributor from the 1950s through the 1980s for several European motorcycle marques, including Ducati, J-Be, Matchless, Moto Guzzi, Norton, Sachs and Zündapp, as well as selling Metzeler tires. Berliner Motor was highly influential as the voice of the huge American market to the motorcycle companies they bought bikes from, and their suggestions, and sometimes forceful demands, guided many decisions in Europe as to which bikes to develop, produce, or discontinue.
Founding
Joseph Berliner founded his motorcycle business in New York City distributing and repairing Zündapp motorcycles east of the Mississippi in 1951, using contacts with that German manufacturer he had developed before World War II. He was a Hungarian Jewish refugee from the Holocaust who had spent time in Hungarian slave labor camps, and had lost 16 close family members on arrival at Auschwitz. Michael Berliner, the youngest of 5 brothers, was saved only because Joseph, and another Berliner brother, both of whom the SS intended to exploit for their skill as mechanics, convinced them that young Michael, too, was a mechanic. The Berliner brothers survived by maintaining a fleet of German army trucks. One brother would die of hunger and typhus, leaving only Joseph, Michael, and two other siblings alive after the war.
Prior to the Holocaust, Joseph Berliner worked in his father's radio-bicycle-motorcycle shop, and had received schooling in mechanics and business. After the war he assisted in Jewish relief in Frankfurt, Germany, and was able to find his wife who had been liberated by the Swedish Red Cross. As the sons of a Hungarian anti-Communist World War I war hero, the brothers feared returning to their Soviet-controlled homeland, and so emigrated to the US.
Motorcycles inspired
Ducati Apollo. Berliner Motor Corporation provided Ducati with both the "almost freakish for the time" specification and part of the financing to develop the failed, yet visionary, Ducati Apollo. The detailed specification Joseph Berliner created came about because he wanted to take advantage of anti-trust rules that required police departments to consider vendors other than Harley-Davidson. To win any of this lucrative business he needed to meet all of the minimum specifications the departments had, such as a 1200 cc engine, and wanted to outperform Harley-Davidson in such areas as top speed and horsepower.
Ducati 450 R/T.
Ducati Bronco.
Ducati Scrambler.
Norton Atlas.
Norton Scrambler.
Norton P11.
Moto Guzzi V7/Ambassador/Eldorado Moto Guzzi, like Ducati, was under pressure from the Berliner brothers to produce a Harley-Davidson-style big-bore V-engined bike. It was reported that Moto Guzzi sold 5,000 Eldorados per year from 1972–1974, making it a fierce competitor to the Harley FLH.
Moto Guzzi Le Mans
Timeline
1941
Joseph Berliner taken to slave labor camp.
1944
Berliner brothers transferred to Auschwitz.
1947
Emigrated to the US.
1951
Distributed Zündapp East of the Mississippi.
1957
Took over International Motorcycle Company, where Joseph Berliner had previously been a partner, including their US distributorship of Zündapp.
1958
Began Ducati distributorship.
1959
Headquarters moved from New York City to Railroad Ave. and Plant Road in Hasbrouck Heights, NJ.
1961
Became sole Norton distributor for all US.
1963
Became sole US Matchless distributor.
1965
Evel Knievel's new motorcycle stunt troupe secured the sponsorship of Berliner Motor Corporation, who supplied them with a fleet of Norton Scramblers. In one version of the origin of stage name "Evel Knievel," it was Bob Blair of Berliner Motor Corporation who encouraged using the nickname rather than Bobby Knievel.
1968
Berliner Motor abruptly refused an entire shipment of over 3,000 Ducati motorcycles they had ordered, as the stocks they had on hand were not selling quickly. To get themselves off the hook from Ducati, they turned to Associated Motor Cycles (AMC) in the UK, and used the leverage of the vast USA market they controlled, informing AMC that they would be needing no more of the struggling factory's Matchless motorcycles unless AMC found someone to purchase the unwanted Ducati shipment. The effect of Berliner's actions rippled through the UK motorcycle world, as this was a sizable flood of stock to enter the smaller, and already soft, UK market. The existing, formerly exclusive, Ducati distributor refused to sell parts to anyone whose bike had been purchased from what they saw as an illegitimate player in the field. These events are related by author Mick Walker, so as to explain how Walker got his start as a Ducati dealer when he came to purchase a substantial portion of this shipment in an effort to secure parts to aid the needy population of orphaned UK Ducati owners.
1984
Moto Guzzi distributorship changes hands to Benelli/Moto Guzzi North America.
Berliner Motor Corporation is out of business.
Influence and legacy
The Berliner company is recognized by motorcycling pundits and historians as having an influence on the manufacturers they bought bikes from in proportion to the greater size of the American market to the other markets around the world, particularly during the 1950s and 60s. There is wide agreement that "bureaucrats" and "government" are the villains when the factories failed or nearly failed (as all of brands Berliner represented did at some point), as opposed to universally praised figures such as designer Fabio Taglioni.
Some place Berliner Motor Corporation squarely in the camp of those who were bringing disaster, for being "dollars and cents" businessmen. Author John F. Thompson calls Joseph Berliner a man who knew more about selling motorcycles than making them, in spite of his training and years experience as a mechanic, as well as distributor and marketer. Ian Falloon is highly critical of the low-cost pushrod two- and four-stroke single-cylinder models which Berliner demanded for their American customers, calling the entire sector "oddballs" and "dubious," while acknowledging that they did sell in far larger numbers than the much more expensive and highly labor-intensive bevel and desmo engines, whose design required production-limiting processes like shimming by skilled craftsmen. Falloon also admits that the Berliner brainchild Ducati Scrambler single was the most successful Ducati of the 60s and early 70s. On the other side, racer, dealer, and author Mick Walker is critical of the Italian executives' decision to end production of the entry-level singles and two-strokes in the 1970s, arguing, alongside the Berliners, that the brand's customer base would decline if they only catered to the demand for expensive, high-performance machines, while not also attracting new riders and earning their brand loyalty.
The Berliner Motor Corporation's obsession with entering the large and profitable US police motorcycle market against Harley-Davidson is characterized as folly for the unrealistic specification that Berliner demanded of the Ducati Apollo, yet authors like Falloon laud the Apollo for vision of this very specification. The Apollo engine, in V-twin form, would in fact become the heart of Ducatis for the following four decades. Similarly, the Berliners pushed Moto Guzzi to create a big v-twin for the American police market, and had greater success with the production of the Moto Guzzi V7. Like Ducati, this engine type would carry Moto Guzzi from those days up to the present day, and Moto Guzzi in the end found many police department customers for their version of the Berliner dream bike.
Notes
Motorcycling retailers
Defunct companies based in New Jersey
Retail companies based in New Jersey
Companies established in 1951
Companies based in Bergen County, New Jersey
Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey
Distribution companies of the United States
Companies disestablished in 1984 |
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