text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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The Tri-State Transit Authority (TTA) is the city bus system in Huntington, West Virginia, and Ironton, Ohio, as well as its suburbs. Its buses range, on the West Virginia side from 21st Street in Kenova, WV to Milton, West Virginia, about 20 miles to the east. On the Ohio side the buses range from downtown Ironton to the Huntington suburb of Proctorville, Ohio, which is also a range of about 20 miles. Interchange buses provide links between Huntington and Chesapeake, Ohio, and between Ironton and Ashland, Kentucky, where transfers are available to the Ashland Bus System (ABS). However the system does not interchange between the TTA and ABS in Ceredo, West Virginia, even though the buses pass within a few blocks of one another.
The TTA was involved in a joint venture with the Charleston, West Virginia-based Kanawha Valley Regional Transportation Authority bus system called Intelligent Transit which linked downtown Huntington to Charleston via bus. The service ceased August 28, 2015 due to low ridership and lower gas prices compared to 2012.
All buses begin and end at the old Greyhound Bus Depot in downtown Huntington, which is now known as the TTA Center. Coordinates:
Routes
TTA bus services operate on Monday to Saturday between 6:00 a.m. and 11:15 p.m. except for the Marshall Shuttle Evening Service.
See also
List of bus transit systems in the United States
Huntington station
References
External links
Official website
Bus transportation in West Virginia
Bus transportation in Ohio
Huntington, West Virginia
Ironton, Ohio
Transportation in Cabell County, West Virginia
Transit agencies in Ohio
Transit agencies in West Virginia |
Ferkane is a town and commune in Tébessa Province in north-eastern Algeria.
References
Communes of Tébessa Province
Tébessa Province |
The 2006–07 Super League Greece was the 71st season of the highest football league of Greece and the inaugural under the name Super League. The season began on 19 August 2006 and ended on 13 May 2007. Olympiacos clinched the title on 22 April with their victory over Kerkyra, for their third straight title and 10th in the last 11 years.
For the next season, Ionikos, Kerkyra and Egaleo have been relegated to B' Ethniki given that they have finished in the lowest three spots of the table. Asteras Tripolis, Levadiakos and Veria was promoted from B' Ethniki for 2007–08.
Teams
Stadia and personnel
1 On final match day of the season, played on 13 May 2007.
League table
Results
Top scorers
Source: Galanis Sports Data
Awards
MVP and Best Goal Awards
Annual awards
Annual awards were announced on 17 December 2007.
References
External links
Official Site of the Supeleague Greece
Super League Greece Statistics
Super League Greece seasons
1
Greece |
Federal Highway is a highway in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. It is a part of a motorway-standard link between Sydney and Canberra, and is also the main thoroughfare between those cities.
The north-eastern end of Federal Highway is located at its junction with Hume Highway near the rural city of . It runs southwest to Canberra, the national capital of Australia, where its southwestern end is located at the intersection of Northbourne Avenue and Barton Highway. Federal Highway passes the villages of Wollogorang, and , as well as skirting the western side of the endorheic basin containing Lake George.
Route
Federal Highway is a motorway-standard roadway linking from the interchange with Hume Highway at , southeast of Goulburn, to Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. The roadway has a continuous speed limit within New South Wales northbound. A southbound section between the Great Dividing Range, south of Yarra, and Rowes Lagoon, north of Collector, is on an old and winding alignment and has a speed limit of 100k/h with many lower advisory speed signs. Within the Australian Capital Territory the posted speed limit is between the State-border and Antill Street, between Antil Street and Flemington Road, and between Flemington Road and the end of the road at Barton Highway (where the road runs parallel with the Canberra Metro light rail route). The entire length of the roadway is dual carriageway with 2 lanes in each direction.
History
In New South Wales, the passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924 through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for the declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (later the Department of Main Roads, and eventually Transport for NSW). The New South Wales section of Federal Highway was declared (as Main Road No. 3) on 8 August 1928, from its interchange with Hume Highway in Yarra, via Collector and Geary's Gap, to the interstate border; with the passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929 to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, this was amended to State Highway 3 on 8 April 1929. Construction had already been completed and traffic was already using the portion of the highway within New South Wales by December 1930.
In the Federal Capital Territory, the local Sydney-Canberra Road was officially declared part of Federal Highway in September 1928. Surveying and levelling had finished and work had started in April 1929 to connect to the NSW portion of the road, with the contract awarded to John Fowler (Aust) Ltd, to construct a 6-mile section of highway from Canberra (today Lyneham) to the interstate boundary. Approaching completion by February 1930, it was officially completed and opened on 25 February 1931.
The passing of the Roads Act of 1993 through the Parliament of New South Wales updated road classifications and the way they could be declared within New South Wales. Under this act, Federal Highway today retains its declaration as Highway 3, from Yarra to the interstate border with the ACT.
Federal Highway was allocated National Route 23 across its entire length in 1955. The Whitlam government introduced the federal National Roads Act 1974, where roads declared as a National Highway were still the responsibility of the states for road construction and maintenance, but were fully compensated by the Federal government for money spent on approved projects. As an important interstate link between the capitals of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, the Federal Highway was declared a National Highway in 1974 and was consequently re-allocated National Highway 23. With the conversion to the newer alphanumeric system in 2013, this was replaced with route M23 across the New South Wales' section, and route A23 across the Australian Capital Territory's section; an eastern portion was upgraded to route M23 when Majura Parkway opened in 2016.
Junction list
See also
Highways in Australia
List of highways in New South Wales
References
External links
Highways in Australia
Highways in the Australian Capital Territory
Highways in New South Wales |
```shell
Let's play the blame game
Cache your authentication details to save time
Specify a commit by its ancestry
Interactive staging
Debug using binary search
``` |
Adam Scott Richardson (born 20 August 1974) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for West Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Prior to moving to South Australia, Richardson played for Drysdale finishing runner up in the 1992 Bellarine Football League Grand Final whilst simultaneously playing TAC Cup Under 18's for the inaugural premiers, Geelong Falcons. Richardson returned to the Bellarine Football League, leading the goal kicking with 121 goals in 1995 whilst playing for Ocean Grove in their premiership side, before playing for Geelong's reserve team in 1996.
Richardson was a later comer to the AFL, recruited from West Adelaide in the 2001 Pre-Season Draft but only made two appearances. His first game came when Adelaide defeated Fremantle by 20 points at Football Park, with Richardson contributing an inaccurate one goal and four behinds. The following weekend he participated in a win over Richmond but had no disposals and four hitouts.
A full-forward, Richardson instead spent most of 2001 playing at West Adelaide and became only the second Wests player alongside the club's all-time leading goalkicker Roger Luders (105 in 1983) to kick 100 goals for the season, 85 of them in the home and away season. He won four consecutive Ken Farmer Medals from 1998 to 2001, rewarded to the league's top goal-kicker, becoming the first ever West Adelaide player to win the award and just the third from the club to lead the league in goalkicking. Richardson also won the Best & Fairest award in 1998. Richardson captained West Adelaide in 2002.
Richardson returned to Victoria and finished his career at Drysdale as Player/Coach for two seasons 2003 & 2004. He was also the league's leading goalkicking with 110 goals in 2003.
References
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
1974 births
Living people
Adelaide Football Club players
West Adelaide Football Club players
Geelong Falcons players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) |
Porto Bello is a historic home located at Drayden, St. Mary's County, Maryland. It is a -story gambrel-roofed Flemish bond brick house built after 1742. It is located on a portion of the first grant of land recorded in the province of Maryland: West St. Mary's Manor, one of the nine original Maryland Manors. Its name commemorates the Battle of Porto Bello (1739).
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
References
External links
, including undated photo, at Maryland Historical Trust
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses in St. Mary's County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in St. Mary's County, Maryland |
Cobra Rock Boot Company (CRBC) is a leather-lace-up bootmaking business in Marfa, Texas. The business has been owned and operated by Logan Caldbeck and Colt Miller since 2011. They earned a runner-up finish in Garden & Gun magazine's Best of the South 2012 awards. The business was featured on episode 2 of the Basin PBS show Western Perspective and on a September 2014 episode of Texas Country Reporter.
The handmade lace-up boots are constructed at a rate of about one pair a week with materials sourced in the U.S. from full grain, oil-tanned cowhides, leather soles, and metal shanks held in place with lemon-wood pegs. Tools and equipment, including a Landis sole stitcher built in 1921 and a Singer topstitcher built in 1939 and found in Big Spring, Texas, come from former boot shops in the Texas Panhandle. Vintage lasts are used and the boots are hand welted. Their signature boot design, the South Highland, includes square toes modeled after a style popular in the 1940s.
Miller was raised in Borden County, Texas, (about 70 miles south of Lubbock) by a cowboy and a schoolteacher. He studied geography and financial planning at Texas Tech. He tours in the Thrift Store Cowboys country band. He started out in the bootmaking business producing cowboy boots.
References
External links
Cobra Rock Boot Company website
Video about company
Boots
Companies based in Texas
Marfa, Texas |
The Punjab Social Security Hospital is a 610-bed teaching hospital in Lahore, Pakistan
It is situated on Multan Road, in south western part of Lahore. This hospital mainly provides free care for employees and families of industrial units in Punjab. It was built and is run by a public sector department PESSI (Punjab Employees Social Security Institution).
Hospitals
Social Security Hospital Multan Road Lahore
Maternity and New Born Childcare Hospital Faisalabad
Social Security Hospital Shandara
Social Security Hospital Sheikhupura
Social Security Hospital Gujranwala
Social Security Hospital Sialkot
Social Security Hospital Okara
Social Security Hospital Islamabad
Social Security Hospital Gujrat
Social Security Hospital Kot Lakhpat
Social Security Hospital Jauharabad
Social Security Hospital Jarranwala
Khawaja Fareed Social Security Hospital (KFSSH) Multan
Social Security Hospital Faisalabad
Social Security Hospital Sahiwal
Social Security Hospital Jhang
Accredited hospital
This hospital is accredited by the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.
References
Hospitals in Lahore
Teaching hospitals in Pakistan |
Acidota is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
The genus was described in 1829 by James Francis Stephens.
The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.
Species:
Acidota brevis
Acidota crenata
Acidota cruentata
Acidota daisetsuzana
Acidota montana
Acidota nivicola
Acidota quadrata
Acidota semisericea
Acidota subcarinata
References
Omaliinae |
```xml
import { Route, Routes, useLocation, useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
import React from 'react';
import asyncComponent from '@erxes/ui/src/components/AsyncComponent';
import queryString from 'query-string';
const CompanyDetails = asyncComponent(
() =>
import(
/* webpackChunkName: "CompanyDetail" */ './containers/detail/CompanyDetails'
),
);
const CompaniesList = asyncComponent(
() =>
import(
/* webpackChunkName: "CompaniesList" */ './containers/CompaniesList'
),
);
const Details = () => {
const { id = '' } = useParams();
return <CompanyDetails id={id} />;
};
const List = () => {
const location = useLocation();
const queryParams = queryString.parse(location.search);
localStorage.setItem('erxes_contact_url', 'companies');
return <CompaniesList queryParams={queryParams} />;
};
const routes = () => {
return (
<Routes>
<Route
path="/companies/details/:id"
key="/companies/details/:id"
element={<Details />}
/>
<Route path="/companies" key="/companies" element={<List />} />
</Routes>
);
};
export default routes;
``` |
Marlon Rodrigues Xavier (born 20 May 1997) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Cruzeiro.
Professional career
Marlon made his professional debut for Criciúma in a 1-0 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B win over Botafogo on 7 November 2015. After spending his early career in Brazil with Criciúma and Fluminense, Marlon joined Boavista F.C. on loan on 5 August 2019.
Career statistics
Honours
Trabzonspor
Turkish Super Cup: 2020
References
External links
Marlon Xavier at playmakerstats.com (English version of ogol.com.br)
1997 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cascavel
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Trabzonspor footballers
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Boavista F.C. players
Fluminense FC players
Criciúma Esporte Clube players
MKE Ankaragücü footballers
Süper Lig players
Primeira Liga players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Men's association football fullbacks
Brazilian expatriates in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Footballers from Paraná (state) |
The secretary of veterans and defense affairs is a member of the Virginia Governor's Cabinet. It was created by Governor Bob McDonnell in 2010 to succeed the position of Assistant to the Governor for Commonwealth Preparedness. It was referred to as the "secretary of veterans affairs and homeland security" until 2014, when most homeland security responsibilities were transferred over to the secretary of public safety and homeland security. The office was most recently held by Carlos Hopkins, who succeeded retired Admiral John C. Harvey Jr. in 2017. Craig Crenshaw has been nominated to serve as Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
List of secretaries
Prior to the establishment of the Secretariat of Veterans Affairs and Homeland Security, there existed an assistant to the governor, which itself emerged from Governor Jim Gilmore's Virginia Preparedness and Security Panel created after the September 11th terrorist attacks.
References
2010 establishments in Virginia
Government agencies established in 2010
Veterans Affairs
Veterans Affairs |
Dalian Derbies () refers to various local derbies between the football teams of Dalian. The term specifically refers to individual matches between the teams, but can also be used to describe the general rivalry between the different clubs. Dalian Shide against Dalian Aerbin are ranked as the most ferocious Dalian Derbies.
Clubs
As of 2024 season, there are one club in the Chinese Super League, China League One and China League Two that play in Dalian:
Dalian Professional F.C. (Super League)
Dalian Zhixing F.C. (League One)
Dalian Shide F.C., established in 1983, is a former professional football club based in Dalian with the longest history in the city. Other former football clubs based in Dalian in the first two highest league include Huochetou F.C., Dalian Yiteng F.C.(Jia-B 1995), Dalian Shunfa F.C.(Jia-B 1996), Liaoning F.C.(Jia-B 1998), Dalian Sidelong F.C.(Jia-B 2002), Dalian Changbo F.C.(China League One 2004-2005), Dalian Transcendence F.C. (China League One 2016-2018).
Shide-Aerbin Derbies
Statistics as of 14 July 2012.
Yifang-Transcendence Derbies
Statistics as of 15 October 2017.
References
Football rivalries in China
Sports rivalries
Sport in Dalian |
Phyllonorycter hancola is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the islands of Hokkaidō and Honshū in Japan and from the Russian Far East.
The larvae feed on Alnus hirsuta and Alnus japonica. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a ptychonomous leaf mine, occurring upon the lower surface of leaves.
References
hancola
Moths of Asia
Moths of Japan
Moths described in 1958
Taxa named by Tosio Kumata
Leaf miners
Insects of Russia |
Kuding (; pronounced ) is a particularly bitter-tasting Chinese infusion, which due to their similarities in appearance is derived from several plant species. The two most common plants used to make kuding are the wax tree species Ligustrum robustum and the holly species Ilex kaushue (synonym: Ilex kudingcha), the former being more commonly grown in Sichuan and Japan while the latter is most commonly grown and used in the rest of China. Tea produced from Ligustrum or many species of Ilex is caffeine-free, although not Ilex paraguariensis, the source of mate drank in South America.
Chemistry
Triterpenes and their glycosides (saponins) are contained as bitter components, and a variety of them have been isolated from the plants that produce kuding, such as ursolic acid, pentene, lupeol, taraxerol, and uvaol. Additionally, β-sitosterol, a phytosterol, has been reported.
Compared to green tea, catechins (about 1.7%) are reported to be less abundant, while rutin (about 0.4%) is more abundant. In addition, kuding is reported to contain more zinc, manganese, copper, and selenium, and less amino acids and ascorbic acid than green tea.
Folk medicine
The traditional Chinese medicinal properties associated with kuding (and many other plants) include its ability to disperse fever, clear the head and the eyes, and resolve toxin, thus being used for common cold, rhinitis, itching eyes, red eyes, and headache. It is also said to calm fidgets and alleviate thirst, especially when one is suffering from a disease that causes fever or severe diarrhea. It transforms phlegm and alleviates coughing, thus used in treating bronchitis. Finally, it is said to invigorate digestion and improve mental focus and memory.
Some research may suggest that the herb, derived from either Ilex or Ligustrum, promotes blood circulation, lowers blood pressure, and lowers blood lipids, including cholesterol. It has the reputation of preventing deterioration of the heart and brain function and maintaining proper body weight. It has also been found that Kuding made from L. robustum has similar anti-oxidative effects to tea in addition to additional anti-inflammatory properties.
See also
Yerba mate or Ilex paraguariensis - A species of holly that also contains caffeine and is popularly used to make mate in Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil.
Ilex guayusa - also known as "guayusa", is an Amazonian tree, native to the Ecuadorian Amazon Rainforest.
Ilex vomitoria - "Yaupon Holly", a caffeine containing plant from North America.
Green tea
References
Chinese teas
Herbal tea
Traditional Chinese medicine
Ilex drinks |
Netherseal is a civil parish in the South Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England. The parish contains eleven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, three are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Netherseal and the surrounding countryside. The listed buildings consist of a church and churchyard walls, a chapel, houses and associated structures, a pigeoncote, a former smithy, a row of almshouses, a farmhouse and a former watermill.
Key
Buildings
References
Citations
Sources
Lists of listed buildings in Derbyshire |
Maurice Sanford Paprin (August 26, 1920 – November 29, 2005) was a New York City real estate developer and social activist.
Biography
Born to a Jewish family on August 26, 1920. Paprin graduated from Townsend Harris High School in 1936 and City College in 1941. He gained an MA in history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and taught briefly at New York University, but pressures arising from McCarthyism eased him out of academia. He began to work for his father's restaurant business and became acquainted with Democratic party officials in Queens.
In the 1960s, Paprin began building low-cost real estate in Queens and in several locations in Manhattan, including the Lower East Side. He became involved in civil-rights and anti-Vietnam War activism. With Robert Boehm, he co-founded the Fund for New Priorities in America, which organized antiwar teach-ins and mobilized people to press for a ceasefire. He continued this tradition by being a prime funder of the Military Families Support Network during the first Persian Gulf War of 1990–91. The grassroots anti-war group comprised the first time in US history that active duty troops' own families had organized to protest against the war their relatives had been deployed to fight. The MFSN motto was "Support the Troops-Oppose the War". He was a prominent supporter of such politicians as Edward M. Kennedy, George McGovern, and, later, Dennis Kucinich.
Paprin remained a force on the New York real-estate and social-activist scene into the 2000s. In his later years, his foremost concerns were educating young people worldwide—he was a key backer of the organization iEARN — and campaigning for the release of Lori Berenson, an American woman held captive in Peru. He also supported The New School and the Council on Hemispheric Affairs.
Family
Paprin's sister, Eugenia, married Ewart Guinier, the prominent civil-rights activist; Harvard University law professor Lani Guinier was Paprin's niece.
Personal life and death
Paprin married twice. His first wife, Rita Most, died in 1980.
In 1982, he married Jacqueline Stuchin Paprin. Paprin had three sons: Seth Paprin, Yale I. Paprin, and Frederick R. Paprin; a daughter, Dr. Judith E. Paprin; and two stepsons, Dr. Steven A. Stuchin and Miles M. Stuchin.
Paprin died on November 25, 2005, aged 85, from a fall. Services were held at the Riverside Memorial Chapel.
References
1920 births
2005 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
American real estate businesspeople
American activists
20th-century American Jews
Accidental deaths in New York (state)
Businesspeople from New York City
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
New York University faculty
Townsend Harris High School alumni
21st-century American Jews |
Babu is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the Indian subcontinent used by rulers and chieftains of many princely states. It is derived from Raja (king, prince or chief). Compound titles include babu saheb and babuji.
Civil servants
In British India, baboo often referred to a native Indian clerk. The word was originally used as a term of respect attached to a proper name, the equivalent of "mister", and "babuji" was used in many parts to mean "sir" as an address of a gentleman; their life-style was also called "baboo culture" often also humorously appealed as "babuism". The British officials treated baboos as workers who had both Indian and British connections. Since the mid-20th century, the term babu is frequently used pejoratively to refer to bureaucrats of Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and other government officials, especially by the Indian media, while the Indian bureaucracy is called "babudom", as in the "rule of babus", especially in India's media.
Other uses
"Babu" in Swahili is like "papu" in Greek. It is cognate with "baba" in Slavic languages, and ultimately with "papa" in Germanic and Romance languages. In Nepali, Eastern Hindi/Bihari, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Bengali, Telugu, and Oriya languages, it is a means of calling with love and affection to spouses or younger brothers, sons, grandsons etc. It can be found in the urban trend to call "babu" to girlfriends or boyfriends, or common-friends to symbolize deep love or dearness. In many Bengali families fathers and sons are usually named babu, as a matter of intimacy, with daughters or mothers.
On the island of Mauritius the word Babu-ji refers to the warrior community within the Indo-Mauritian community. This community consists mainly of Bihari Mauritians, whose ancestors landed on the island as Coolies or indentured sugar cane field labourers during the 1810–1968 British colonial rule.
See also
Rana (title)
Rai (title)
Raja
Babuji
Babu Saheb, regional title used in Bihar and neighbouring states.
References
Titles in India
Titles in Pakistan
Titles in Bangladesh
Bengali words and phrases |
Jane Stuart Woolsey (1830 – ) was an American Civil War nurse, and writer.
Early life
Jane Stuart Woolsey was born on 1830 in Connecticut.
Career
She was a member of the Women's Central Relief Association. She was assistant superintendent of the Lovell General Hospital. In 1863 she was Superintendent of Nurses at Fairfax Seminary Hospital. From 1869 to 1872, she taught at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. From 1872 to 1876, she was resident mistress at Presbyterian Hospital.
Works
Hospital Days: Reminiscence of a Civil War Nurse (1868)
Death and legacy
Jane Stuart Woolsey died on 1891 in Fishkill. She is buried at Woolsey Cemetery Glen Cove, New York.
References
External links
Created via preloaddraft
1830 births
1891 deaths
American Civil War nurses |
```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.avro.io;
import static org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.display.DisplayDataMatchers.hasDisplayItem;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileConstants;
import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
import org.apache.avro.reflect.AvroDefault;
import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumWriter;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.DefaultCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.avro.coders.AvroCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.BlockBasedSource;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.BlockBasedSource.BlockBasedReader;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.BoundedSource;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.BoundedSource.BoundedReader;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileBasedSource;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileSystems;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.fs.MatchResult.Metadata;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.testing.SourceTestUtils;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.display.DisplayData;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.SerializableUtils;
import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
/** Tests for AvroSource. */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class AvroSourceTest {
private static final String VERSION_AVRO =
org.apache.avro.Schema.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
@Rule public TemporaryFolder tmpFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
@Rule public ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
private enum SyncBehavior {
SYNC_REGULAR, // Sync at regular, user defined intervals
SYNC_RANDOM, // Sync at random intervals
SYNC_DEFAULT // Sync at default intervals (i.e., no manual syncing).
}
private static final int DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT = 1000;
private Iterable<String> avroSupportedCodec() {
List<String> codecs = new ArrayList<>();
codecs.add(DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
codecs.add(DataFileConstants.BZIP2_CODEC);
codecs.add(DataFileConstants.DEFLATE_CODEC);
codecs.add(DataFileConstants.SNAPPY_CODEC);
codecs.add(DataFileConstants.XZ_CODEC);
if (!VERSION_AVRO.equals("1.8.2")) {
codecs.add("zstandard");
}
return codecs;
}
/**
* Generates an input Avro file containing the given records in the temporary directory and
* returns the full path of the file.
*/
private <T> String generateTestFile(
String filename,
List<T> elems,
SyncBehavior syncBehavior,
int syncInterval,
AvroCoder<T> coder,
String codec)
throws IOException {
Random random = new Random(0);
File tmpFile = tmpFolder.newFile(filename);
String path = tmpFile.toString();
FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(tmpFile);
DatumWriter<T> datumWriter =
coder.getType().equals(GenericRecord.class)
? new GenericDatumWriter<>(coder.getSchema())
: new ReflectDatumWriter<>(coder.getSchema());
try (DataFileWriter<T> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(datumWriter)) {
writer.setCodec(CodecFactory.fromString(codec));
writer.create(coder.getSchema(), os);
int recordIndex = 0;
int syncIndex = syncBehavior == SyncBehavior.SYNC_RANDOM ? random.nextInt(syncInterval) : 0;
for (T elem : elems) {
writer.append(elem);
recordIndex++;
switch (syncBehavior) {
case SYNC_REGULAR:
if (recordIndex == syncInterval) {
recordIndex = 0;
writer.sync();
}
break;
case SYNC_RANDOM:
if (recordIndex == syncIndex) {
recordIndex = 0;
writer.sync();
syncIndex = random.nextInt(syncInterval);
}
break;
case SYNC_DEFAULT:
default:
}
}
}
return path;
}
@Test
public void testReadWithDifferentCodecs() throws Exception {
// As Avro's default block size is 64KB, write 64K records to ensure at least one full block.
// We could make this smaller than 64KB assuming each record is at least B bytes, but then the
// test could silently stop testing the failure condition from BEAM-422.
List<Bird> expected = createRandomRecords(1 << 16);
// Test reading files generated using all codecs.
for (String codec : avroSupportedCodec()) {
String filename =
generateTestFile(
codec, expected, SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT, 0, AvroCoder.of(Bird.class), codec);
AvroSource<Bird> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(Bird.class);
List<Bird> actual = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, null);
assertThat(expected, containsInAnyOrder(actual.toArray()));
}
}
@Test
public void testSplitAtFraction() throws Exception {
// A reduced dataset is enough here.
List<FixedRecord> expected = createFixedRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT);
// Create an AvroSource where each block is 1/10th of the total set of records.
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
expected,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_REGULAR,
DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT / 10 /* max records per block */,
AvroCoder.of(FixedRecord.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
File file = new File(filename);
AvroSource<FixedRecord> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(FixedRecord.class);
List<? extends BoundedSource<FixedRecord>> splits = source.split(file.length() / 3, null);
for (BoundedSource<FixedRecord> subSource : splits) {
int items = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(subSource, null).size();
// Shouldn't split while unstarted.
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionFails(subSource, 0, 0.0, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionFails(subSource, 0, 0.7, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionSucceedsAndConsistent(subSource, 1, 0.7, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionSucceedsAndConsistent(
subSource, DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT / 100, 0.7, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionSucceedsAndConsistent(
subSource, DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT / 10, 0.1, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionFails(
subSource, DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT / 10 + 1, 0.1, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionFails(subSource, DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT / 3, 0.3, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionFails(subSource, items, 0.9, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionFails(subSource, items, 1.0, null);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionSucceedsAndConsistent(subSource, items, 0.999, null);
}
}
@Test
public void testGetProgressFromUnstartedReader() throws Exception {
List<FixedRecord> records = createFixedRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
records,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
1000,
AvroCoder.of(FixedRecord.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
File file = new File(filename);
AvroSource<FixedRecord> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(FixedRecord.class);
try (BoundedReader<FixedRecord> reader = source.createReader(null)) {
assertEquals(Double.valueOf(0.0), reader.getFractionConsumed());
}
List<? extends BoundedSource<FixedRecord>> splits = source.split(file.length() / 3, null);
for (BoundedSource<FixedRecord> subSource : splits) {
try (BoundedReader<FixedRecord> reader = subSource.createReader(null)) {
assertEquals(Double.valueOf(0.0), reader.getFractionConsumed());
}
}
}
@Test
public void testProgress() throws Exception {
// 5 records, 2 per block.
List<FixedRecord> records = createFixedRecords(5);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
records,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_REGULAR,
2,
AvroCoder.of(FixedRecord.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
AvroSource<FixedRecord> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(FixedRecord.class);
try (BoundedReader<FixedRecord> readerOrig = source.createReader(null)) {
assertThat(readerOrig, Matchers.instanceOf(BlockBasedReader.class));
BlockBasedReader<FixedRecord> reader = (BlockBasedReader<FixedRecord>) readerOrig;
// Before starting
assertEquals(0.0, reader.getFractionConsumed(), 1e-6);
assertEquals(0, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(BoundedReader.SPLIT_POINTS_UNKNOWN, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
// First 2 records are in the same block.
assertTrue(reader.start());
assertTrue(reader.isAtSplitPoint());
assertEquals(0, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(BoundedReader.SPLIT_POINTS_UNKNOWN, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
// continued
assertTrue(reader.advance());
assertFalse(reader.isAtSplitPoint());
assertEquals(0, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(BoundedReader.SPLIT_POINTS_UNKNOWN, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
// Second block -> parallelism consumed becomes 1.
assertTrue(reader.advance());
assertTrue(reader.isAtSplitPoint());
assertEquals(1, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(BoundedReader.SPLIT_POINTS_UNKNOWN, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
// continued
assertTrue(reader.advance());
assertFalse(reader.isAtSplitPoint());
assertEquals(1, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(BoundedReader.SPLIT_POINTS_UNKNOWN, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
// Third and final block -> parallelism consumed becomes 2, remaining becomes 1.
assertTrue(reader.advance());
assertTrue(reader.isAtSplitPoint());
assertEquals(2, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(1, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
// Done
assertFalse(reader.advance());
assertEquals(3, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(0, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
assertEquals(1.0, reader.getFractionConsumed(), 1e-6);
}
}
@Test
public void testProgressEmptySource() throws Exception {
// 0 records, 20 per block.
List<FixedRecord> records = Collections.emptyList();
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
records,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_REGULAR,
2,
AvroCoder.of(FixedRecord.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
AvroSource<FixedRecord> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(FixedRecord.class);
try (BoundedReader<FixedRecord> readerOrig = source.createReader(null)) {
assertThat(readerOrig, Matchers.instanceOf(BlockBasedReader.class));
BlockBasedReader<FixedRecord> reader = (BlockBasedReader<FixedRecord>) readerOrig;
// before starting
assertEquals(0.0, reader.getFractionConsumed(), 1e-6);
assertEquals(0, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(BoundedReader.SPLIT_POINTS_UNKNOWN, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
// confirm empty
assertFalse(reader.start());
// after reading empty source
assertEquals(0, reader.getSplitPointsConsumed());
assertEquals(0, reader.getSplitPointsRemaining());
assertEquals(1.0, reader.getFractionConsumed(), 1e-6);
}
}
@Test
public void testGetCurrentFromUnstartedReader() throws Exception {
List<FixedRecord> records = createFixedRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
records,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
1000,
AvroCoder.of(FixedRecord.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
AvroSource<FixedRecord> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(FixedRecord.class);
try (BlockBasedSource.BlockBasedReader<FixedRecord> reader =
(BlockBasedSource.BlockBasedReader<FixedRecord>) source.createReader(null)) {
assertEquals(null, reader.getCurrentBlock());
expectedException.expect(NoSuchElementException.class);
expectedException.expectMessage("No block has been successfully read from");
reader.getCurrent();
}
}
@Test
public void testSplitAtFractionExhaustive() throws Exception {
// A small-sized input is sufficient, because the test verifies that splitting is non-vacuous.
List<FixedRecord> expected = createFixedRecords(20);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
expected,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_REGULAR,
5,
AvroCoder.of(FixedRecord.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
AvroSource<FixedRecord> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(FixedRecord.class);
SourceTestUtils.assertSplitAtFractionExhaustive(source, null);
}
@Test
public void testSplitsWithSmallBlocks() throws Exception {
PipelineOptions options = PipelineOptionsFactory.create();
// Test reading from an object file with many small random-sized blocks.
// The file itself doesn't have to be big; we can use a decreased record count.
List<Bird> expected = createRandomRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
expected,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_RANDOM,
DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT / 20 /* max records/block */,
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
File file = new File(filename);
// Small minimum bundle size
AvroSource<Bird> source =
AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(Bird.class).withMinBundleSize(100L);
// Assert that the source produces the expected records
assertEquals(expected, SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, options));
List<? extends BoundedSource<Bird>> splits;
int nonEmptySplits;
// Split with the minimum bundle size
splits = source.split(100L, options);
assertTrue(splits.size() > 2);
SourceTestUtils.assertSourcesEqualReferenceSource(source, splits, options);
nonEmptySplits = 0;
for (BoundedSource<Bird> subSource : splits) {
if (SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(subSource, options).size() > 0) {
nonEmptySplits += 1;
}
}
assertTrue(nonEmptySplits > 2);
// Split with larger bundle size
splits = source.split(file.length() / 4, options);
assertTrue(splits.size() > 2);
SourceTestUtils.assertSourcesEqualReferenceSource(source, splits, options);
nonEmptySplits = 0;
for (BoundedSource<Bird> subSource : splits) {
if (SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(subSource, options).size() > 0) {
nonEmptySplits += 1;
}
}
assertTrue(nonEmptySplits > 2);
// Split with the file length
splits = source.split(file.length(), options);
assertTrue(splits.size() == 1);
SourceTestUtils.assertSourcesEqualReferenceSource(source, splits, options);
}
@Test
public void testMultipleFiles() throws Exception {
String baseName = "tmp-";
List<Bird> expected = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
List<Bird> contents = createRandomRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT / 10);
expected.addAll(contents);
generateTestFile(
baseName + i,
contents,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
0,
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
}
AvroSource<Bird> source =
AvroSource.from(new File(tmpFolder.getRoot().toString(), baseName + "*").toString())
.withSchema(Bird.class);
List<Bird> actual = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, null);
assertThat(actual, containsInAnyOrder(expected.toArray()));
}
@Test
public void testCreationWithSchema() throws Exception {
List<Bird> expected = createRandomRecords(100);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
expected,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
0,
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
// Create a source with a schema object
Schema schema = ReflectData.get().getSchema(Bird.class);
AvroSource<GenericRecord> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(schema);
List<GenericRecord> records = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, null);
assertEqualsWithGeneric(expected, records);
// Create a source with a JSON schema
String schemaString = ReflectData.get().getSchema(Bird.class).toString();
source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(schemaString);
records = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, null);
assertEqualsWithGeneric(expected, records);
}
@Test
public void testSchemaUpdate() throws Exception {
List<Bird> birds = createRandomRecords(100);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
birds,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
0,
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
AvroSource<FancyBird> source = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema(FancyBird.class);
List<FancyBird> actual = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, null);
List<FancyBird> expected = new ArrayList<>();
for (Bird bird : birds) {
expected.add(
new FancyBird(
bird.number, bird.species, bird.quality, bird.quantity, null, "MAXIMUM OVERDRIVE"));
}
assertThat(actual, containsInAnyOrder(expected.toArray()));
}
@Test
public void testSchemaStringIsInterned() throws Exception {
List<Bird> birds = createRandomRecords(100);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
birds,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
0,
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
Metadata fileMetadata = FileSystems.matchSingleFileSpec(filename);
String schema = AvroSource.readMetadataFromFile(fileMetadata.resourceId()).getSchemaString();
// Add "" to the schema to make sure it is not interned.
AvroSource<GenericRecord> sourceA = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema("" + schema);
AvroSource<GenericRecord> sourceB = AvroSource.from(filename).withSchema("" + schema);
assertSame(sourceA.getReaderSchemaString(), sourceB.getReaderSchemaString());
// Ensure that deserialization still goes through interning
AvroSource<GenericRecord> sourceC = SerializableUtils.clone(sourceB);
assertSame(sourceA.getReaderSchemaString(), sourceC.getReaderSchemaString());
}
@Test
public void testParseFn() throws Exception {
List<Bird> expected = createRandomRecords(100);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
expected,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
0,
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
AvroSource<Bird> source =
AvroSource.from(filename)
.withParseFn(
input ->
new Bird(
(long) input.get("number"),
input.get("species").toString(),
input.get("quality").toString(),
(long) input.get("quantity")),
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class));
List<Bird> actual = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, null);
assertThat(actual, containsInAnyOrder(expected.toArray()));
}
@Test
public void testDatumReaderFactoryWithGenericRecord() throws Exception {
List<Bird> inputBirds = createRandomRecords(100);
String filename =
generateTestFile(
"tmp.avro",
inputBirds,
SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT,
0,
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class),
DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC);
AvroSource.DatumReaderFactory<GenericRecord> factory =
(writer, reader) ->
new GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord>(writer, reader) {
@Override
protected Object readString(Object old, Decoder in) throws IOException {
return super.readString(old, in) + "_custom";
}
};
AvroSource<Bird> source =
AvroSource.from(filename)
.withParseFn(
input ->
new Bird(
(long) input.get("number"),
input.get("species").toString(),
input.get("quality").toString(),
(long) input.get("quantity")),
AvroCoder.of(Bird.class))
.withDatumReaderFactory(factory);
List<Bird> actual = SourceTestUtils.readFromSource(source, null);
List<Bird> expected =
inputBirds.stream()
.map(b -> new Bird(b.number, b.species + "_custom", b.quality + "_custom", b.quantity))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(actual, containsInAnyOrder(expected.toArray()));
}
private void assertEqualsWithGeneric(List<Bird> expected, List<GenericRecord> actual) {
assertEquals(expected.size(), actual.size());
for (int i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
Bird fixed = expected.get(i);
GenericRecord generic = actual.get(i);
assertEquals(fixed.number, generic.get("number"));
assertEquals(fixed.quality, generic.get("quality").toString()); // From Avro util.Utf8
assertEquals(fixed.quantity, generic.get("quantity"));
assertEquals(fixed.species, generic.get("species").toString());
}
}
@Test
public void testDisplayData() {
AvroSource<Bird> source =
AvroSource.from("foobar.txt").withSchema(Bird.class).withMinBundleSize(1234);
DisplayData displayData = DisplayData.from(source);
assertThat(displayData, hasDisplayItem("filePattern", "foobar.txt"));
assertThat(displayData, hasDisplayItem("minBundleSize", 1234));
}
@Test
public void testReadMetadataWithCodecs() throws Exception {
List<Bird> expected = createRandomRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT);
// Test reading files generated using all codecs.
for (String codec : avroSupportedCodec()) {
String filename =
generateTestFile(
codec, expected, SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT, 0, AvroCoder.of(Bird.class), codec);
Metadata fileMeta = FileSystems.matchSingleFileSpec(filename);
AvroSource.AvroMetadata metadata = AvroSource.readMetadataFromFile(fileMeta.resourceId());
assertEquals(codec, metadata.getCodec());
}
}
@Test
public void testReadSchemaString() throws Exception {
List<Bird> expected = createRandomRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT);
String codec = DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC;
String filename =
generateTestFile(
codec, expected, SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT, 0, AvroCoder.of(Bird.class), codec);
Metadata fileMeta = FileSystems.matchSingleFileSpec(filename);
AvroSource.AvroMetadata metadata = AvroSource.readMetadataFromFile(fileMeta.resourceId());
// By default, parse validates the schema, which is what we want.
Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(metadata.getSchemaString());
assertEquals(4, schema.getFields().size());
}
@Test
public void testCreateFromMetadata() throws Exception {
List<Bird> expected = createRandomRecords(DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT);
String codec = DataFileConstants.NULL_CODEC;
String filename =
generateTestFile(
codec, expected, SyncBehavior.SYNC_DEFAULT, 0, AvroCoder.of(Bird.class), codec);
Metadata fileMeta = FileSystems.matchSingleFileSpec(filename);
AvroSource<GenericRecord> source = AvroSource.from(fileMeta);
AvroSource<Bird> sourceWithSchema = source.withSchema(Bird.class);
AvroSource<Bird> sourceWithSchemaWithMinBundleSize = sourceWithSchema.withMinBundleSize(1234);
assertEquals(FileBasedSource.Mode.SINGLE_FILE_OR_SUBRANGE, source.getMode());
assertEquals(FileBasedSource.Mode.SINGLE_FILE_OR_SUBRANGE, sourceWithSchema.getMode());
assertEquals(
FileBasedSource.Mode.SINGLE_FILE_OR_SUBRANGE, sourceWithSchemaWithMinBundleSize.getMode());
}
/**
* Class that will encode to a fixed size: 16 bytes.
*
* <p>Each object has a 15-byte array. Avro encodes an object of this type as a byte array, so
* each encoded object will consist of 1 byte that encodes the length of the array, followed by 15
* bytes.
*/
@DefaultCoder(AvroCoder.class)
public static class FixedRecord {
private byte[] value = new byte[15];
public FixedRecord() {
this(0);
}
public FixedRecord(int i) {
value[0] = (byte) i;
value[1] = (byte) (i >> 8);
value[2] = (byte) (i >> 16);
value[3] = (byte) (i >> 24);
}
public int asInt() {
return value[0] | (value[1] << 8) | (value[2] << 16) | (value[3] << 24);
}
@Override
public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
if (o instanceof FixedRecord) {
FixedRecord other = (FixedRecord) o;
return this.asInt() == other.asInt();
}
return false;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return toString().hashCode();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Integer.toString(this.asInt());
}
}
/** Create a list of count 16-byte records. */
private static List<FixedRecord> createFixedRecords(int count) {
List<FixedRecord> records = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
records.add(new FixedRecord(i));
}
return records;
}
/** Class used as the record type in tests. */
@DefaultCoder(AvroCoder.class)
static class Bird {
long number;
String species;
String quality;
long quantity;
public Bird() {}
public Bird(long number, String species, String quality, long quantity) {
this.number = number;
this.species = species;
this.quality = quality;
this.quantity = quantity;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(Bird.class)
.addValue(number)
.addValue(species)
.addValue(quantity)
.addValue(quality)
.toString();
}
@Override
public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Bird) {
Bird other = (Bird) obj;
return Objects.equals(species, other.species)
&& Objects.equals(quality, other.quality)
&& quantity == other.quantity
&& number == other.number;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(number, species, quality, quantity);
}
}
/**
* Class used as the record type in tests.
*
* <p>Contains nullable fields and fields with default values. Can be read using a file written
* with the Bird schema.
*/
@DefaultCoder(AvroCoder.class)
public static class FancyBird {
long number;
String species;
String quality;
long quantity;
@org.apache.avro.reflect.Nullable String habitat;
@AvroDefault("\"MAXIMUM OVERDRIVE\"")
String fancinessLevel;
public FancyBird() {}
public FancyBird(
long number,
String species,
String quality,
long quantity,
String habitat,
String fancinessLevel) {
this.number = number;
this.species = species;
this.quality = quality;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.habitat = habitat;
this.fancinessLevel = fancinessLevel;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(FancyBird.class)
.addValue(number)
.addValue(species)
.addValue(quality)
.addValue(quantity)
.addValue(habitat)
.addValue(fancinessLevel)
.toString();
}
@Override
public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof FancyBird) {
FancyBird other = (FancyBird) obj;
return Objects.equals(species, other.species)
&& Objects.equals(quality, other.quality)
&& quantity == other.quantity
&& number == other.number
&& Objects.equals(fancinessLevel, other.fancinessLevel)
&& Objects.equals(habitat, other.habitat);
}
return false;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(number, species, quality, quantity, habitat, fancinessLevel);
}
}
/** Create a list of n random records. */
private static List<Bird> createRandomRecords(long n) {
String[] qualities = {
"miserable", "forelorn", "fidgity", "squirrelly", "fanciful", "chipper", "lazy"
};
String[] species = {"pigeons", "owls", "gulls", "hawks", "robins", "jays"};
Random random = new Random(0);
List<Bird> records = new ArrayList<>();
for (long i = 0; i < n; i++) {
Bird bird = new Bird();
bird.quality = qualities[random.nextInt(qualities.length)];
bird.species = species[random.nextInt(species.length)];
bird.number = i;
bird.quantity = random.nextLong();
records.add(bird);
}
return records;
}
}
``` |
Pleurobema flavidulum, the yellow pigtoe, was a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae. It was endemic to the United States. Its natural habitat was rivers. It is now extinct.
References
flavidulum
Bivalves described in 1861
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Zabrozi was a tribe mentioned by the 9th-century Bavarian Geographer (). It states that the Zabrozi inhabit 212 settlements.
Quote
Studies
The Zabrozi are mentioned in BG after the Vuillerozi and before the Znetalici. Their name is dual-lexeme, made up of Zab and suffix -rozi, which is also found in the Sebbirozi, Attorozi, Vuillerozi and Chozirozi.
According to the Czechoslovakian academy, their name is unclear. P. Šafárik identified the name as Zaprozi and connected it to Zaporozhia, a region on the Dnieper. A. Králiček identified it as Zabrce, a name he claimed was known since antiquity in the Carpathians that point to the Dacians, or Zabrodce, by etymology connected to Slavic brod. Some connect it to Sabirs (or Sawars).
References
Medieval ethnic groups of Europe |
These Hopeful Machines is the sixth studio album by American electronic musician BT. Released on February 1, 2010, the album sees collaborations with the likes of JES, Rob Dickinson, Christian Burns and Kirsty Hawkshaw, also featuring a cover of "The Ghost in You" by The Psychedelic Furs. Because some tracks exceed 10 minutes in length, the album spans two discs with six tracks on each. In an effort to make the album more accessible to casual listeners, the record was eventually re-issued as a single-disc version with shorter tracks, titled These Humble Machines. In addition, the album would later spawn a double disc remix edition titled These Re-Imagined Machines, also featured as a "Limited Collector's Edition Box Set". With great reception from critics, the album was nominated for the 2011 Grammy Awards under Best Electronic/Dance Album.
Background
On June 9, 2009, the first part of the single "The Rose of Jericho" was released on Beatport, and the second (and last) part was released on June 23, 2009. Five remixes were released in all in these two parts along with BT's 'Deus Ex Machina Album Mix'. The next single, "Every Other Way" was released on December 22, 2009. The third single of the album, "Suddenly", was the last to be released, on January 12, 2010 for digital-download only. Since the album release, the fourth and fifth singles, "Forget Me" and "The Emergency", were released on June 14, 2010 and September 28, 2010, respectively. The album was mastered by Joe LaPorta.
BT chose to release the album online to digital retailers as two large tracks to preserve the feel of an album. On release day, an MP3 exclusive version of These Hopeful Machines was offered by Amazon which included a bonus remix of "Always", by Chicane. This download was available as 2 full A/B side tracks instead of the 12 individual album tracks. The album was nominated for the 2011 Grammy Awards under "Best Electronic/Dance Album".
Reception
USA Today: "...even techno-phobes will be seduced by (BT's) forward-thinking musicality."
Allmusic: "These Hopeful Machines doesn't try to convince, it's meant to reward the already converted with a vast wonderland of melodic glitch and prolonged bliss."
Wired: "If you've never liked electronica before, this is the release that could change your mind."
Sinning in LA: "Both discs offer compelling rides from start to finish."
Track listing
Personnel
Disc one
Track 1: Vocals by BT and Christian Burns.
Track 2: Vocals by BT. Background vocals by Christian Burns. Additional production by Andrew Bayer.
Track 3: Vocals by JES. Background vocals by BT and Christian Burns.
Track 4: Vocals by JES.
Track 6: Vocals by BT and Christian Burns. End chorus sung by Kaia Transeau.
Disc two
Track 1: Vocals by Kirsty Hawkshaw. Background vocals by BT. Additional production by Ulrich Schnauss.
Track 2: Vocals by BT. Background vocals by Christian Burns.
Track 3, 5: Vocals by Rob Dickinson.
Track 6: Vocals by BT. Background vocals by Amelia June.
Release history
References
External links
2010 albums
BT (musician) albums
Black Hole Recordings albums |
Roda de Ter () is a municipality in the comarca of Osona, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, near Vic, on the Ter River above the Sau Reservoir. Population: 5,435 (2004), area: 2.18 km². Its church is dedicated to St. Peter. Main monuments: Pont Vell ("Old Bridge") and the Capella del Sòl del Pont (Chapel of the floor of the Bridge). The Virgin Mary, La Mare de Déu del Sòl del Pont is the patron of the village.
On the site of an Iberian town a Roman villa was established. In its later fortified state it existed until 826, when was destroyed by Aissó, in revolt against the Frankish count Bernat of Septimania. Many years passed before it was repopulated and grew slowly. The fierce independence of the mountain people of northern Catalonia manifested itself in banditry in which villagers were encouraged to participate, even by their silence, by a share in the takings. The bandit leaders might be peasants or local noblemen. On one occasion in 1646, the whole of the village of Roda de Ter was briefly incarcerated as fautors ("abettors") for their part in sheltering members of a local gang.
The Catalan fighters against the French forces of the Bourbon Philip V of Spain are an easily overlooked local part of the European War of the Spanish Succession, but Roda was a hotbed of partisans for the unsuccessful Habsburg claimant. One of them, Francesc Macià i Ambert (died 1713), who came from Roda de Ter, is memorialized in Barcelona by a street and a metro station that bear his nom de guerre Bac de Roda.
Before the comarca was called simply Roda; it took the name of Roda de Ter in late 20th century when the municipality was split into Roda de Ter (the town) and Masies de Roda (the rural zone). Roda de Ter lies on Catalan route C-153.
The foundry Fundiciones de Roda produced fine cast iron components for hydraulics.
The Catalan poet Miquel Martí i Pol was born in Roda de Ter, March 19, 1929. Children's author Miquel Obiols is also from Roda.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Osona |
Karat Rural District () is in the Central District of Taybad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.
At the National Census of 2006, its population was 14,411 in 2,977 households. There were 16,922 inhabitants in 4,083 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 17,955 in 4,624 households. The largest of its 21 villages was Poshteh, with 3,028 people.
References
Taybad County
Rural Districts of Razavi Khorasan Province
Populated places in Taybad County |
Anaxita tricoloriceps is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Mexico.
The Anaxita tricoloriceps is known for its incredibly eye-catching patterns and colours, typically consisting of either beige or red wings.
These Mexican native moths can grow to a decent size for a moth.
All of the Anaxita variants are very pretty and unique in their own way and it's truly an amazing thing to sit back and admire their colours and patterns.
This type of moth is unique to Mexico only, preferring to stay in hotter climates.
thumb
References
Moths described in 1911
Phaegopterina
Moths of Central America |
```objective-c
#ifndef CONFLUO_TYPES_ARITHMETIC_OPS_H_
#define CONFLUO_TYPES_ARITHMETIC_OPS_H_
#include <vector>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include "exceptions.h"
#include "raw_data.h"
namespace confluo {
/**
* Unary arithmetic/bitwise operators
*/
enum unary_op_id
: uint8_t {
ASSIGN = 0, //!< ASSIGN (=)
NEGATIVE = 1, //!< NEGATIVE (-)
POSITIVE = 2, //!< POSITIVE (+)
BW_NOT = 3 //!< BW_NOT (~)
};
/**
* Binary arithmetic/bitwise operators
*/
enum binary_op_id
: uint8_t {
ADD = 0, //!< ADD (+)
SUBTRACT = 1, //!< SUBTRACT (-)
MULTIPLY = 2, //!< MULTIPLY (*)
DIVIDE = 3, //!< DIVIDE (/)
MODULO = 4, //!< MODULO (%)
BW_AND = 5, //!< BW_AND (&)
BW_OR = 6, //!< BW_OR (|)
BW_XOR = 7, //!< BW_XOR (^)
BW_LSHIFT = 8, //!< BW_LSHIFT (<<)
BW_RSHIFT = 9 //!< BW_RSHIFT (>>)
};
/** Function pointer for a unary operator */
typedef void (*unary_op_t)(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v);
/** Function pointer for a binary operator */
typedef void (*binary_op_t)(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2);
/** List of unary operators */
typedef std::vector<unary_op_t> unary_ops_t;
/** List of binary operators */
typedef std::vector<binary_op_t> binary_ops_t;
// Unary arithmetic operators
/**
* Assigns the value of the raw immutable data to the result pointer
* @tparam T The type of data
* @param res The pointer to the resultant data
* @param v The raw immutable data to assign to the result pointer
*/
template<typename T>
inline void assign(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v.as<T>();
}
/**
* Assigns the value of the raw immutable data to the result pointer for
* string types
*
* @param res The result pointer to initialize
* @param v The value of the raw immutable data to copy
*/
template<>
inline void assign<std::string>(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
memcpy(res, v.ptr, v.size);
}
/**
* Assigns the value of the raw immutable data to the result pointer for
* void types
*
* @param res The result pointer to initialize
* @param v The raw immutable data to copy
*/
template<>
inline void assign<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
return;
}
/**
* Negates the raw immutable data and stores it in the result pointer
*
* @tparam T The type of data
* @param res The result pointer which will contain the negated value
* @param v The immutable raw data to negate
*/
template<typename T>
inline void negative(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = -v.as<T>();
}
/**
* Negates the raw immutable data and has result pointer point
* to the negated value for the string type
*
* @param res The result pointer that will point to the negated value
* @param v The immutable raw data to be negated
*
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void negative<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "- not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Negates the raw immutable data and has the result pointer point to the
* negated value for the none type
*
* @param res The result pointer that will point to the negated value
* @param v The immutable raw data to be negated
*
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void negative<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "- not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Has the result pointer point to the value of the raw immutable data
*
* @tparam T The type of data
* @param res The result pointer that points to the value
* @param v The raw immutable data that contains the value
*/
template<typename T>
inline void positive(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = +v.as<T>();
}
/**
* Has the result pointer point to the value of the raw immutable data
* for the string type
*
* @tparam T The type of data
* @param res The result pointer that points to the value
* @param v The raw immutable data that contains the value
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void positive<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "+ not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Has the result pointer point to the value of the raw immutable data
* for the void type
*
* @tparam T The type of data
* @param res The result pointer that points to the value
* @param v The raw immutable data that contains the value
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void positive<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "+ not supported for none type");
}
// Binary arithmetic operators
/**
* Performs binary addition and stores the result in the result pointer
*
* @tparam T The data type of the operands
* @param res The result of the addition
* @param v1 The first operand of the addition expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the addition expression
*/
template<typename T>
inline void add(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() + v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs binary addition and stores the result in the result pointer
* for the string type
*
* @param res The result of the addition
* @param v1 The first operand of the addition expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the addition expression
*/
template<>
inline void add<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "+ not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs binary addition and stores the result in the result pointer
* for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the addition
* @param v1 The first operand of the addition expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the addition expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void add<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "+ not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs binary subtraction and stores the result in the result pointer
*
* @tparam The data type
* @param res The result of the subtraction
* @param v1 The first operand of the subtraction expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the subtraction expression
*/
template<typename T>
inline void subtract(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() - v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs binary subtraction and stores the result in the result pointer
* for strings
*
* @param res The result of the subtraction
* @param v1 The first operand of the subtraction expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the subtraction expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void subtract<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "- not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs binary subtraction and stores the result in the result pointer
* for none type
*
* @param res The result of the subtraction
* @param v1 The first operand of the subtraction expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the subtraction expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void subtract<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "- not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs binary multiplication and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The data type of the immutable values
* @param res The result of the multiplication
* @param v1 The first operand of the multiplication expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the multiplication expression
*/
template<typename T>
inline void multiply(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() * v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs binary multiplication and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The data type of the immutable values
* @param res The result of the multiplication
* @param v1 The first operand of the multiplication expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the multiplication expression
*/
template<>
inline void multiply<bool>(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<bool *>(res)) = v1.as<bool>() && v2.as<bool>();
}
/**
* Performs binary multiplication and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the multiplication
* @param v1 The first operand of the multiplication expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the multiplication expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void multiply<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "* not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs binary multiplication and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the addition
* @param v1 The first operand of the multiplication expression
* @param v2 The second operand of the multiplication expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void multiply<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "* not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam The data type of the immutable values
* @param res The result of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
*/
template<typename T>
inline void divide(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() / v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void divide<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "/ not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void divide<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "/ not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the remainder in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam The data type of the immutable values
* @param res The remainder of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
*/
template<typename T>
inline void modulo(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() % v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the remainder in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The remainder of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void modulo<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "% not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the remainder in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The remainder of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void modulo<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "% not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the remainder in the
* result pointer for the float type
*
* @param res The remainder of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void modulo<float>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "% not supported for float type");
}
/**
* Performs binary division and stores the remainder in the
* result pointer for the double type
*
* @param res The remainder of the division
* @param v1 The immutable value containing the dividend
* @param v2 The immutable value containing the divisor
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void modulo<double>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "% not supported for double type");
}
// Bitwise operators
/**
* Performs bitwise not operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The type of data the immutable value contains
* @param res The result of the bitwise not operation
* @param v1 The immutable value that the operator is applied to
*/
template<typename T>
inline void bw_not(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = ~v.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs bitwise not operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The type of data the immutable value contains
* @param res The result of the bitwise not operation
* @param v1 The immutable value that the operator is applied to
*/
template<>
inline void bw_not<bool>(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
*(reinterpret_cast<bool *>(res)) = !v.as<bool>();
}
/**
* Performs bitwise not operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise not operation
* @param v1 The immutable value that the operator is applied to
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_not<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "~ not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise not operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the void type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise not operation
* @param v1 The immutable value that the operator is applied to
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_not<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "~ not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise not operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the float type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise not operation
* @param v1 The immutable value that the operator is applied to
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_not<float>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "~ not supported for float type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise not operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the double type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise not operation
* @param v1 The immutable value that the operator is applied to
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_not<double>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "~ not supported for double type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise and operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The data type of the immutable data values
* @param res The result of the bitwise and operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
*/
template<typename T>
inline void bw_and(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() & v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs bitwise and operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise and operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_and<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "& not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise and operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise and operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_and<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "& not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise and operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for floats
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise and operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_and<float>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "& not supported for float type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise and operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for doubles
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise and operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_and<double>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "& not supported for double type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise or operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The type of data of the immutable values
* @param res The result of the bitwise or operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
*/
template<typename T>
inline void bw_or(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() | v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs bitwise or operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise or operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_or<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "| not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise or operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise or operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_or<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "| not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise or operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the float type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise or operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_or<float>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "| not supported for float type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise or operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the double type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise or operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_or<double>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "| not supported for double type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise xor operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T the type of the immutable raw data
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
*/
template<typename T>
inline void bw_xor(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>()
^ v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs bitwise xor operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_xor<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "^ not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise xor operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_xor<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "^ not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise xor operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for floats
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_xor<float>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "^ not supported for float type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise xor operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for doubles
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The first immutable value in the expression
* @param v2 The second immutable value in the expression
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_xor<double>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "^ not supported for double type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise left shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The data type of the immutable raw data
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
*/
template<typename T>
inline void bw_lshift(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() << v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs bitwise left shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_lshift<bool>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "<< not supported for bool type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise left shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_lshift<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "<< not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise left shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_lshift<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "<< not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise left shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for floats
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_lshift<float>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "<< not supported for float type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise left shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for doubles
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_lshift<double>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, "<< not supported for double type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise right shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer
*
* @tparam T The data type of the immutable raw data values
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
*/
template<typename T>
inline void bw_rshift(void *res, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
*(reinterpret_cast<T *>(res)) = v1.as<T>() >> v2.as<T>();
}
/**
* Performs bitwise right shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for bools
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_rshift<bool>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, ">> not supported for bool type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise right shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for strings
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_rshift<std::string>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, ">> not supported for string type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise right shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for the none type
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_rshift<void>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, ">> not supported for none type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise right shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for floats
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_rshift<float>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, ">> not supported for float type");
}
/**
* Performs bitwise right shift operation and stores the result in the
* result pointer for doubles
*
* @param res The result of the bitwise xor operation
* @param v1 The value to shift
* @param v2 The amount to shift by
* @throw unsupported_exception
*/
template<>
inline void bw_rshift<double>(void *, const immutable_raw_data &v1, const immutable_raw_data &v2) {
THROW(unsupported_exception, ">> not supported for double type");
}
/**
* Gets a list of the unary operators for the given type
*
* @tparam T The data type the operators act on
*
* @return A vector containing the unary operator functions
*/
template<typename T>
inline unary_ops_t init_unaryops() {
return {assign<T>, negative<T>, positive<T>, bw_not<T>};
}
/**
* Gets a list of binary operators for the given type
*
* @tparam T The data type the operators act on
*
* @return A vector containing the binary operator functions
*/
template<typename T>
inline binary_ops_t init_binaryops() {
return {add<T>, subtract<T>, multiply<T>, divide<T>, modulo<T>, bw_and<T>, bw_or<T>, bw_xor<T>, bw_lshift<T>,
bw_rshift<T>};
}
}
#endif /* CONFLUO_TYPES_ARITHMETIC_OPS_H_ */
``` |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<definitions xmlns="path_to_url" xmlns:xsi="path_to_url" xmlns:xsd="path_to_url" xmlns:flowable="path_to_url" xmlns:bpmndi="path_to_url" xmlns:omgdc="path_to_url" xmlns:omgdi="path_to_url" typeLanguage="path_to_url" expressionLanguage="path_to_url" targetNamespace="path_to_url">
<process id="dogeProcess" name="DogeProcess" isExecutable="true">
<startEvent id="startEvent1"></startEvent>
<subProcess id="sid-1AA38D08-310B-4BFE-A6AD-F32488643000" name="subProcess">
<multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics isSequential="true" flowable:collection="photos" flowable:elementVariable="photo"></multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics>
<serviceTask id="sid-FCFA0F9D-8796-43E2-ACFD-13AF3465F929" name="Send to photo processing service" flowable:expression="${photoService.processPhoto(photo.id)}"></serviceTask>
<startEvent id="sid-821438D0-CD00-43F1-A847-42112E44BA12"></startEvent>
<receiveTask id="wait" name="Wait for completion"></receiveTask>
<endEvent id="sid-9BDA1151-ECDE-472B-A9E8-4F6A0E5C2901"></endEvent>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-4B4908D7-A6A3-45B6-9267-D3C355154510" sourceRef="sid-821438D0-CD00-43F1-A847-42112E44BA12" targetRef="sid-FCFA0F9D-8796-43E2-ACFD-13AF3465F929"></sequenceFlow>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-3667040B-ED6C-424E-BFAD-69718B40FD1C" sourceRef="sid-FCFA0F9D-8796-43E2-ACFD-13AF3465F929" targetRef="wait"></sequenceFlow>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-518F987E-BBEE-4565-BC94-00E02430E81A" sourceRef="wait" targetRef="sid-9BDA1151-ECDE-472B-A9E8-4F6A0E5C2901"></sequenceFlow>
</subProcess>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-13DC3678-E57E-4E0B-9F80-55E11BF7304F" sourceRef="startEvent1" targetRef="sid-1AA38D08-310B-4BFE-A6AD-F32488643000"></sequenceFlow>
<boundaryEvent id="sid-CF518067-8143-4CC3-AE33-C3FE326E9EC3" attachedToRef="sid-1AA38D08-310B-4BFE-A6AD-F32488643000" cancelActivity="true">
<timerEventDefinition>
<timeDuration>PT10M</timeDuration>
</timerEventDefinition>
</boundaryEvent>
<userTask id="sid-A51C2956-123E-44AD-9548-0239C6164596" name="Process photos manually" flowable:assignee="$INITIATOR">
<extensionElements>
<modeler:initiator-can-complete xmlns:modeler="path_to_url"><![CDATA[true]]></modeler:initiator-can-complete>
</extensionElements>
</userTask>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-F7745084-E689-431F-8F78-0FCAFE376EAE" sourceRef="sid-CF518067-8143-4CC3-AE33-C3FE326E9EC3" targetRef="sid-A51C2956-123E-44AD-9548-0239C6164596"></sequenceFlow>
<endEvent id="sid-463B9727-4C0A-4C1A-BE84-09D6842D3AF7"></endEvent>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-ECF49058-5E5D-49BB-804E-BFD9FED4D035" sourceRef="sid-A51C2956-123E-44AD-9548-0239C6164596" targetRef="sid-463B9727-4C0A-4C1A-BE84-09D6842D3AF7"></sequenceFlow>
<userTask id="sid-8E972729-8F07-4413-86A9-392A34D949EF" name="Review result" flowable:assignee="$INITIATOR">
<extensionElements>
<modeler:initiator-can-complete xmlns:modeler="path_to_url"><![CDATA[true]]></modeler:initiator-can-complete>
</extensionElements>
</userTask>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-0F909E8C-17D2-468B-8780-6DFF2C539369" sourceRef="sid-1AA38D08-310B-4BFE-A6AD-F32488643000" targetRef="sid-8E972729-8F07-4413-86A9-392A34D949EF"></sequenceFlow>
<exclusiveGateway id="sid-CC2BFD5B-E700-4C3A-BB7D-EC47A6BA7C0B" default="sid-733ED6FC-9CF7-485B-A67E-B6BF8D1F90DA"></exclusiveGateway>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-952ED7E5-9F9B-42E8-9212-DECA33D7A6D2" sourceRef="sid-8E972729-8F07-4413-86A9-392A34D949EF" targetRef="sid-CC2BFD5B-E700-4C3A-BB7D-EC47A6BA7C0B"></sequenceFlow>
<endEvent id="sid-DA92F2D8-10E6-4CFD-B44C-81998A8D6FAB"></endEvent>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-733ED6FC-9CF7-485B-A67E-B6BF8D1F90DA" sourceRef="sid-CC2BFD5B-E700-4C3A-BB7D-EC47A6BA7C0B" targetRef="sid-DA92F2D8-10E6-4CFD-B44C-81998A8D6FAB"></sequenceFlow>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-CCE52848-81CA-478A-B0E1-B4A55D419439" sourceRef="sid-CC2BFD5B-E700-4C3A-BB7D-EC47A6BA7C0B" targetRef="sid-58F18100-CA85-4D93-85F6-D61058913735">
<conditionExpression xsi:type="tFormalExpression"><![CDATA[${!approved}]]></conditionExpression>
</sequenceFlow>
<serviceTask id="sid-58F18100-CA85-4D93-85F6-D61058913735" name="Send failure email" flowable:type="mail">
<extensionElements>
<flowable:field name="to">
<flowable:string><![CDATA[test@blah.com]]></flowable:string>
</flowable:field>
<flowable:field name="from">
<flowable:string><![CDATA[no-reply@activiti.com]]></flowable:string>
</flowable:field>
<flowable:field name="html">
<flowable:string><![CDATA[Sorry, it didn't work out]]></flowable:string>
</flowable:field>
</extensionElements>
</serviceTask>
<endEvent id="sid-4A0917CE-835E-4D99-B771-8D02346009D3"></endEvent>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-D1A2FE7F-69A7-4712-9D72-4D52335388BE" sourceRef="sid-58F18100-CA85-4D93-85F6-D61058913735" targetRef="sid-4A0917CE-835E-4D99-B771-8D02346009D3"></sequenceFlow>
</process>
<bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_dogeProcess">
<bpmndi:BPMNPlane bpmnElement="dogeProcess" id="BPMNPlane_dogeProcess">
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="startEvent1" id="BPMNShape_startEvent1">
<omgdc:Bounds height="30.0" width="30.0" x="60.0" y="225.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-1AA38D08-310B-4BFE-A6AD-F32488643000" id="BPMNShape_sid-1AA38D08-310B-4BFE-A6AD-F32488643000">
<omgdc:Bounds height="268.0" width="387.0" x="167.0" y="106.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-FCFA0F9D-8796-43E2-ACFD-13AF3465F929" id="BPMNShape_sid-FCFA0F9D-8796-43E2-ACFD-13AF3465F929">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="240.0" y="199.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-821438D0-CD00-43F1-A847-42112E44BA12" id="BPMNShape_sid-821438D0-CD00-43F1-A847-42112E44BA12">
<omgdc:Bounds height="30.0" width="30.0" x="180.0" y="224.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="wait" id="BPMNShape_wait">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="375.0" y="199.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-9BDA1151-ECDE-472B-A9E8-4F6A0E5C2901" id="BPMNShape_sid-9BDA1151-ECDE-472B-A9E8-4F6A0E5C2901">
<omgdc:Bounds height="28.0" width="28.0" x="510.0" y="225.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-CF518067-8143-4CC3-AE33-C3FE326E9EC3" id="BPMNShape_sid-CF518067-8143-4CC3-AE33-C3FE326E9EC3">
<omgdc:Bounds height="31.0" width="31.0" x="434.49292161701123" y="359.2036040120936"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-A51C2956-123E-44AD-9548-0239C6164596" id="BPMNShape_sid-A51C2956-123E-44AD-9548-0239C6164596">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="515.6531252612749" y="405.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-463B9727-4C0A-4C1A-BE84-09D6842D3AF7" id="BPMNShape_sid-463B9727-4C0A-4C1A-BE84-09D6842D3AF7">
<omgdc:Bounds height="28.0" width="28.0" x="660.6531252612749" y="431.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-8E972729-8F07-4413-86A9-392A34D949EF" id="BPMNShape_sid-8E972729-8F07-4413-86A9-392A34D949EF">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="599.0" y="200.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-CC2BFD5B-E700-4C3A-BB7D-EC47A6BA7C0B" id="BPMNShape_sid-CC2BFD5B-E700-4C3A-BB7D-EC47A6BA7C0B">
<omgdc:Bounds height="40.0" width="40.0" x="744.0" y="220.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-DA92F2D8-10E6-4CFD-B44C-81998A8D6FAB" id="BPMNShape_sid-DA92F2D8-10E6-4CFD-B44C-81998A8D6FAB">
<omgdc:Bounds height="28.0" width="28.0" x="829.0" y="226.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-58F18100-CA85-4D93-85F6-D61058913735" id="BPMNShape_sid-58F18100-CA85-4D93-85F6-D61058913735">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="829.0" y="90.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-4A0917CE-835E-4D99-B771-8D02346009D3" id="BPMNShape_sid-4A0917CE-835E-4D99-B771-8D02346009D3">
<omgdc:Bounds height="28.0" width="28.0" x="974.0" y="116.0"></omgdc:Bounds>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-733ED6FC-9CF7-485B-A67E-B6BF8D1F90DA" id="BPMNEdge_sid-733ED6FC-9CF7-485B-A67E-B6BF8D1F90DA">
<omgdi:waypoint x="784.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="829.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-518F987E-BBEE-4565-BC94-00E02430E81A" id="BPMNEdge_sid-518F987E-BBEE-4565-BC94-00E02430E81A">
<omgdi:waypoint x="475.0" y="239.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="510.0" y="239.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-4B4908D7-A6A3-45B6-9267-D3C355154510" id="BPMNEdge_sid-4B4908D7-A6A3-45B6-9267-D3C355154510">
<omgdi:waypoint x="210.0" y="239.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="240.0" y="239.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-D1A2FE7F-69A7-4712-9D72-4D52335388BE" id="BPMNEdge_sid-D1A2FE7F-69A7-4712-9D72-4D52335388BE">
<omgdi:waypoint x="929.0" y="130.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="974.0" y="130.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-ECF49058-5E5D-49BB-804E-BFD9FED4D035" id="BPMNEdge_sid-ECF49058-5E5D-49BB-804E-BFD9FED4D035">
<omgdi:waypoint x="615.6531252612749" y="445.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="660.6531252612749" y="445.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-0F909E8C-17D2-468B-8780-6DFF2C539369" id="BPMNEdge_sid-0F909E8C-17D2-468B-8780-6DFF2C539369">
<omgdi:waypoint x="554.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="599.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-CCE52848-81CA-478A-B0E1-B4A55D419439" id="BPMNEdge_sid-CCE52848-81CA-478A-B0E1-B4A55D419439">
<omgdi:waypoint x="764.0" y="220.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="764.0" y="130.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="829.0" y="130.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-3667040B-ED6C-424E-BFAD-69718B40FD1C" id="BPMNEdge_sid-3667040B-ED6C-424E-BFAD-69718B40FD1C">
<omgdi:waypoint x="340.0" y="239.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="375.0" y="239.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-952ED7E5-9F9B-42E8-9212-DECA33D7A6D2" id="BPMNEdge_sid-952ED7E5-9F9B-42E8-9212-DECA33D7A6D2">
<omgdi:waypoint x="699.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="744.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-F7745084-E689-431F-8F78-0FCAFE376EAE" id="BPMNEdge_sid-F7745084-E689-431F-8F78-0FCAFE376EAE">
<omgdi:waypoint x="451.094167074073" y="390.1644338230481"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="455.0" y="445.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="515.6531252612749" y="445.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-13DC3678-E57E-4E0B-9F80-55E11BF7304F" id="BPMNEdge_sid-13DC3678-E57E-4E0B-9F80-55E11BF7304F">
<omgdi:waypoint x="90.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
<omgdi:waypoint x="167.0" y="240.0"></omgdi:waypoint>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
</bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
</bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</definitions>
``` |
Stadion Broodstraat was an Association football or soccer venue located in Antwerp, Belgium. The venue hosted the Royal Antwerp FC from 1908 to 1923. It served as the main venue for the football tournament at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
References
History of the Royal Antwerp FC stadiums.
Sports-reference.com 1920 Summer Olympics football.
Sports venues completed in 1908
Venues of the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic football venues
Defunct sports venues in Belgium
Football venues in Flanders
Sports venues in Antwerp Province
Buildings and structures in Antwerp
1908 establishments in Belgium |
```python
def test_get_store(client, created_store_id):
response = client.get(
f"/store/{created_store_id}",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json == {
"id": 1,
"name": "Test Store",
"items": [],
"tags": [],
}
def test_get_store_not_found(client):
response = client.get(
"/store/1",
)
assert response.status_code == 404
assert response.json == {"code": 404, "status": "Not Found"}
def test_get_store_with_item(client, created_store_id):
client.post(
"/item",
json={"name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, "store_id": created_store_id},
)
response = client.get(
f"/store/{created_store_id}",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json["items"] == [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Test Item",
"price": 10.5,
}
]
def test_get_store_with_tag(client, created_store_id):
client.post(
f"/store/{created_store_id}/tag",
json={"name": "Test Tag"},
)
response = client.get(
f"/store/{created_store_id}",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json["tags"] == [{"id": 1, "name": "Test Tag"}]
def test_create_store(client):
response = client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store"},
)
assert response.status_code == 201
assert response.json["name"] == "Test Store"
def test_create_store_with_items(client, created_store_id):
client.post(
"/item",
json={"name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, "store_id": 1},
)
# Get the store with id 1 and check the items contains the newly created item
response = client.get(
f"/store/{created_store_id}",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json["items"] == [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Test Item",
"price": 10.5,
}
]
def test_delete_store(client, created_store_id):
response = client.delete(
f"/store/{created_store_id}",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json == {"message": "Store deleted"}
def test_delete_store_doesnt_exist(client):
response = client.delete(
"/store/1",
)
assert response.status_code == 404
assert response.json == {"code": 404, "status": "Not Found"}
def test_get_store_list_empty(client):
response = client.get(
"/store",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json == []
def test_get_store_list_single(client):
client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store"},
)
response = client.get(
"/store",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json == [{"id": 1, "name": "Test Store", "items": [], "tags": []}]
def test_get_store_list_multiple(client):
client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store"},
)
client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store 2"},
)
response = client.get(
"/store",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json == [
{"id": 1, "name": "Test Store", "items": [], "tags": []},
{"id": 2, "name": "Test Store 2", "items": [], "tags": []},
]
def test_get_store_list_with_items(client):
client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store"},
)
client.post(
"/item",
json={"name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, "store_id": 1},
)
response = client.get(
"/store",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json == [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Test Store",
"items": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Test Item",
"price": 10.5,
}
],
"tags": [],
}
]
def test_get_store_list_with_tags(client):
resp = client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store"},
)
client.post(
f"/store/{resp.json['id']}/tag",
json={"name": "Test Tag"},
)
response = client.get(
"/store",
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json == [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Test Store",
"items": [],
"tags": [{"id": 1, "name": "Test Tag"}],
}
]
def test_create_store_duplicate_name(client):
client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store"},
)
response = client.post(
"/store",
json={"name": "Test Store"},
)
assert response.status_code == 400
assert response.json["message"] == "A store with that name already exists."
``` |
Mark Edward Petersen (November 7, 1900 – January 11, 1984) was an American news editor and religious leader. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1944 until his death. He became managing editor of the church-owned Deseret News in 1935 and then editor in 1941. He filled the vacancy in the Quorum caused by the excommunication of Richard R. Lyman.
Early life
As a young boy, Petersen was a newspaper carrier, and he also helped in his father’s construction business. Later, he attended the University of Utah and served a mission for the LDS Church in Nova Scotia. In pursuing a career, he became a reporter for the Deseret News and continued working for the paper for sixty years, advancing to the position of president and chairman of the board. Petersen wrote numerous editorials and published more than forty books and many pamphlets used in the church's missionary effort.
LDS Church service
In April 1944, while serving as general manager of the Deseret News, Petersen was called to be a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. In his calling as an apostle, he directed the church’s public information programs and served on the Military Relations Committee. He was an adviser to the church's Relief Society, Indian Affairs Committee, and Music Committee. He served as president of the West European Mission for more than six years. Petersen was also involved in many community affairs. He was closely associated with the Boy Scouts of America and was a recipient of the Silver Antelope Award. In 1959, in response to a rash of arrests of gay men in Utah and Idaho, church president David O. McKay assigned apostles Spencer W. Kimball and Petersen to work on curing gays within the church.
Controversial teachings
At Brigham Young University on 27 August 1954, at the Convention of Teachers of Religion on the College Level, Petersen delivered the speech, "Race Problems—As They Affect the Church". The speech outlined the religious underpinnings of racial segregation and supported its continued practice as it related to intermarriage between blacks and whites. Particularly, he reaffirmed the LDS Church's teaching at that time that those with dark skin had been less valiant in their lives before coming to earth. He also reiterated the idea that blacks were to be servants to righteous white people after the resurrection, as was the case with Jane Manning James who was sealed to Joseph Smith to be his servant in the next life. Petersen said:
In spite of all he did in the pre-existent life, the Lord is willing, if the Negro accepts the gospel with real, sincere faith, and is really converted, to give him the blessings of baptism and the gift of the Holy Ghost. If that Negro is faithful all his days, he can and will enter the celestial kingdom. He will go there as a servant, but he will get a celestial resurrection. He will get a place in the celestial glory.
In the 1940s, Petersen coined the term "Mormon fundamentalist" to describe people who had left the LDS Church to practice plural marriage.
Death
Petersen died from longstanding complications of cancer after entering Cottonwood Hospital in Murray, Utah, and undergoing surgery. He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.
Publications
------ (1953). Your Faith and You. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft.
------ (1953). An apostle speaks to youth about... The Sacredness of Sex - Chastity in Its Holy Mission. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University.
------ (1959). Teen Dating and Marriage. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book
References
Further reading
External links
General Authorities and General Officers: Elder Mark E. Petersen
1900 births
1984 deaths
American general authorities (LDS Church)
American Latter Day Saint writers
Deaths from cancer in Utah
Editors of Latter Day Saint publications
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
American Mormon missionaries in Canada
Mormon missionaries in Europe
Writers from Salt Lake City
University of Utah alumni
20th-century Mormon missionaries
Deseret News people
Apostles (LDS Church)
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Latter Day Saints from Utah
American white supremacists |
Sailor Moon S: The Movie is a 1994 Japanese animated superhero fantasy film directed by Hiroki Shibata and written by Sukehiro Tomita. It is the second film in the series, following Sailor Moon R: The Movie (1993), and is loosely adapted from a side story of the original Sailor Moon manga series created by Naoko Takeuchi, The Lover of Princess Kaguya. It takes its name from the third arc of the Sailor Moon anime series, Sailor Moon S, as Toei Company distributed it around the same time. The film was released in Japan on December 4, 1994, as part of the Winter '94 Toei Anime Fair.
Plot
An extraterrestrial ice entity named arrives on Earth in an attempt to freeze it, but a fragment of her comet has been lost and she is unable to proceed without it. She has her henchwomen, the Snow Dancers, search for the missing fragment. In Tokyo, a young astronomer named finds the fragment and keeps it in his observatory to study it further.
Meanwhile, the Sailor Guardians are enjoying a day in the Juban Shopping District. Luna falls ill and decides to go back to Usagi's house. Along the way, she collapses while crossing the road, and is almost hit by a car, but is rescued and nursed to health by Kakeru. Luna then develops romantic feelings for him, even kissing him on the cheek in his sleep, leaving Artemis crushed. Luna herself ends up with unrequited love because it is revealed that Kakeru himself has a girlfriend, an astronaut named , and more importantly, because Luna is a cat. The two are devastated because Himeko is oblivious to Kakeru's belief of Princess Kaguya's existence. Later, after finding herself unable to reconcile her differences with Kakeru, Himeko leaves on a space mission.
The fragment of the comet attaches itself to his life force, and begins slowly stealing his life-force energy, causing him to become very ill. Kaguya later steals the shard, but because it is linked to his life-force, he is brought even closer to death when Kaguya throws the shard into the ocean and creates an enormous ice crystal that will continue to drain away Kakeru's life-force energy completely. She and her Snow Dancers then begin freezing the entire Earth, little by little. The Sailor Guardians attempt to stop her, only for Kaguya to revive the Snow Dancers using the Crystal. Just before Kaguya could kill the Sailor Scouts, Sailor Moon arrives and tries to talk her out of her plot. Wanting more strength, she activates the mighty powers of the legendary Holy Grail to evolve into Super Sailor Moon, but is easily overpowered by Snow Queen Kaguya. Determined to protect the Earth and its people, Usagi prepares to activate the Legendary Silver Crystal's immense energy and power. The eight Sailor Guardians, along with Sailor Chibi Moon, combine their own strength and Sailor abilities at once to further strengthen the healing power of the Legendary Silver Crystal, destroying Snow Queen Kaguya and the Snow Dancers head-on, and eliminating the ice crystal in the ocean, as well as her comet.
Usagi wishes for Luna to become the mythical Princess Kaguya for one night. Concerned about Himeko's safety, Kakeru wanders in the snowstorm and is saved by Luna at the exact point Kakeru saved her, transformed into a human. She takes him near the Moon, where Himeko, on her space mission, witnesses the phenomenon and realizes that Princess Kaguya does exist. Luna tells him that he needs to start focusing on his relationship with Himeko, and the two kiss. After returning to the Earth, Kakeru takes up Luna's advice and meets Himeko at the airport, where the two lovingly hug. Artemis meets up with Luna, and the cats reconcile.
Voice cast
Production
Sailor Moon S: The Movie is based on the 135-page side story , written and illustrated by series creator Naoko Takeuchi and later published by Kodansha. Dissatisfied that she had left the production of the previous film to others, Takeuchi envisioned "Princess Kaguya's Lover" as the plot of Sailor Moon S: The Movie, and proceeded to write the story "all in one go." She modeled the antagonist after an Art Deco antique named "Salome", while the Snow Dancers are modeled after a German china piece, which Takeuchi thought resembled "a character dancing in a snowstorm." On July 8, 1994, she traveled to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida as part of her research; there, she watched the launch of space shuttle Columbia. She enjoyed working on the film, and liked the overall result, particularly Luna's transformation sequence. The film was soft matted for its theatrical release, as it was animated in 4:3 aspect ratio.
The film was directed by Sailor Moon episode director Hiroki Shibata, while Sailor Moon episode animation director and key animator Hisashi Kagawa took the role of the character design and animation director. Sukehiro Tomita returned from the previous film and wrote the script for this film.
Release
Japanese release
The film was released in Japanese theaters on December 4, 1994.
The Japanese Blu-ray collection of the three films was released on February 7, 2018, with this film titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon S: The Movie.
English releases
The film was first released in North America on VHS by Pioneer Entertainment on August 31, 1999, in Japanese with English subtitles. Pioneer later released the film to uncut bilingual DVD on May 23, 2000, alongside another VHS release containing an edited version of the English dub. Pioneer re-released their DVD on January 6, 2004 under their "Geneon Signature Series" line. The DVDs later fell out of print when Pioneer/Geneon lost the license to the film. The edited version was also shown on TV in Canada on YTV and in the US on Cartoon Network's Toonami block on November 9, 2001.
The English dub was produced in association with Optimum Productions in Toronto, Canada, and featured most of the original DIC Entertainment English cast reprising their roles. The edited version of the dub was censored for content and replaced the music with cues from the DIC version of the first two seasons of the anime. The uncut version of the dub was only seen on the bilingual DVD, featured no censorship, and all of the original Japanese music was left intact, with the exception of the DIC theme song being used.
In 2014, the film was re-licensed for an updated English-language release in North America by Viz Media, who have produced a new English dub of the film in association with Los Angeles-based Studiopolis and re-released it on DVD and Blu-ray on October 2, 2018. The film was released to North American theaters with one-day screenings nationwide as a double feature with Sailor Moon R: The Movie, in association with Fathom Events. Dubbed screenings were on July 28, 2018, and subtitled screenings on July 30, 2018. It has also been licensed in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment.
Reception
Animerica noted that the film incorporates aspects of the Japanese folklore and in the antagonist's character.
See also
The Snow Queen
Notes
References
External links
1994 anime films
1994 films
1990s animated superhero films
1990s Japanese superhero films
1990s teen fantasy films
Animated films about cats
Anime and manga based on fairy tales
Films about astronauts
Animated films based on The Snow Queen
Films scored by Takanori Arisawa
Kaguya-hime
Sailor Moon films
Animated films based on animated series |
Holstein may refer to:
Animal breeds
Holstein Friesian cattle, a cattle breed used in dairy farming
Holsteiner horse, a breed of horse originating in the Schleswig-Holstein region of northern Germany
Places
Schleswig-Holstein, a state in Northern Germany
Holstein, a region in Germany
Duchy of Holstein
Holstein, Ontario, a village in Canada
New Holstein, Wisconsin, United States
Holstein, Iowa, United States
Holstein, Missouri, United States
Holstein, Nebraska, United States
the German name of Pregolskiy, Kaliningrad, Russia
Hölstein, a village in Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
Danish ships
n.b. In Danish, the spelling of Holstein can be varied as Holsten or Holsteen
Holsten (I) – a ship of the Danish East India Company (1800–1805); originally HDMS Det Store Bælt (1782)
Holsten (II) – a ship of the Danish East India Company (1806–1808); see Warren Hastings (1802 EIC ship)
HDMS Holsteen, a Danish ship-of-the-line
Other
Holstein (station), an Oslo Metro station
Holstein (surname)
Holstein interglacial, a geologic stretch of time
Holstein-Primakoff transformation, a mathematical physics transformation
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela (1781–1850), Portuguese diplomat and statesmen
See also
Holston (disambiguation) |
Boerhavia wrightii is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family known by the common name largebract spiderling. It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows amongst desert shrubs. This is an annual herb producing a slender, spidery erect stem to about 70 centimeters in maximum length. The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong with rippled edges and roughly pointed ends. Most of the leaves grow near the base of the plant. The inflorescences appear at the ends of the slim stem branches. They bear a few pale pink flowers, each just a few millimeters long, with adjacent reddish or pinkish bracts.
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
USDA Plants Profile
Flora of North America
Photo gallery
wrightii
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of the South-Central United States
Flora of Northwestern Mexico
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Natural history of the Colorado Desert
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
Mieczysław Wasilewski (born 1942) is a Polish graphic designer.
He Studied at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts. He taught graphic design at the University of Damascus 1981 - 1982. He has a professorship at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts in the Department of Graphic Arts.
Major awards
1976 - Gold Medal, 6th International Poster Biennale, Warsaw (Poland)
1989 - Silver Medal, 13th Biennal of Polish Poster, Katowice (Poland)
1991 - Special Jury Prize, 2nd Poster Festival, Chaumont (France)
1994 - Silver Medal, 14th International Poster Biennale, Warsaw (Poland)
See also
List of graphic designers
List of Polish painters
List of Polish graphic designers
Graphic design
External links
Mieczyslaw Wasilewski's Posters at Polish poster gallery
Mieczyslaw Wasilewski Polish Poster Gallery - Poster.pl
Contemporary Posters - Mieczyslaw Wasilewski's Posters
Rene Wanner's Poster Page
1942 births
Living people
Polish graphic designers
Polish poster artists |
Likhai (Hindi for 'writing') refers to the ancient woodcarving tradition of Uttarakhand, a North Indian mountain state. Given the rapid urbanization in the region and migration of artisans to larger cities for more lucrative jobs, the craft is said to be on the verge of "vanishing".
History and practice
There are no texts recording the history of the craft, and the skills and knowledge are passed down practically through apprenticeships. The motifs carved on windows, pillars or doorframes include: local flora and fauna, folklores, religious symbols, geometric patterns.
References
Arts of Uttarakhand
Culture of Uttarakhand |
```python
# coding: utf-8
import logging
import os
import sys
import time
import traceback
import numpy as np
import pytest
import ray
import ray.cluster_utils
import ray.exceptions
import ray.experimental.channel as ray_channel
from ray.exceptions import RayChannelError, RayChannelTimeoutError
from ray.util.scheduling_strategies import NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy
from ray.dag.compiled_dag_node import CompiledDAG
from ray._private.test_utils import get_actor_node_id
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def create_driver_actor():
return CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor.options(
scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(
ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id(), soft=False
)
).remote()
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_put_local_get(ray_start_regular):
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
chan = ray_channel.Channel(
None,
[
(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)),
],
1000,
)
num_writes = 1000
for i in range(num_writes):
val = i.to_bytes(8, "little")
chan.write(val)
assert chan.read() == val
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_read_timeout(ray_start_regular):
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
chan = ray_channel.Channel(
None,
[
(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)),
],
1000,
)
with pytest.raises(RayChannelTimeoutError):
chan.read(timeout=1)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_write_timeout(ray_start_regular):
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
chan = ray_channel.Channel(
None,
[
(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)),
],
1000,
)
val = 1
bytes = val.to_bytes(8, "little")
chan.write(bytes, timeout=1)
with pytest.raises(RayChannelTimeoutError):
chan.write(bytes, timeout=1)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False])
def test_driver_as_reader(ray_start_cluster, remote):
cluster = ray_start_cluster
if remote:
# This node is for the driver. num_cpus is 1 because the
# CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor needs a place to run.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
# This node is for the writer actor.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
else:
# This node is for both the driver (including the
# CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor) and the writer actor.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def setup(self, driver_actor):
self._channel = ray_channel.Channel(
ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor,
[(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))],
1000,
)
def get_channel(self):
return self._channel
def write(self):
self._channel.write(b"x")
a = Actor.remote()
ray.get(a.setup.remote(create_driver_actor()))
chan = ray.get(a.get_channel.remote())
ray.get(a.write.remote())
assert chan.read() == b"x"
@pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False])
def test_driver_as_reader_with_resize(ray_start_cluster, remote):
cluster = ray_start_cluster
if remote:
# This node is for the driver. num_cpus is 1 because the
# CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor needs a place to run.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
# This node is for the writer actor.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
else:
# This node is for both the driver (including the
# CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor) and the writer actor.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def setup(self, driver_actor):
self._channel = ray_channel.Channel(
ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor,
[(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))],
1000,
)
def get_channel(self):
return self._channel
def write(self):
self._channel.write(b"x")
def write_large(self):
self._channel.write(b"x" * 2000)
a = Actor.remote()
ray.get(a.setup.remote(create_driver_actor()))
chan = ray.get(a.get_channel.remote())
ray.get(a.write.remote())
assert chan.read() == b"x"
ray.get(a.write_large.remote())
assert chan.read() == b"x" * 2000
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_set_error_before_read(ray_start_regular):
"""
Tests that if a channel is closed after a reader, a subsequent read does not block
forever.
"""
@ray.remote
class Actor:
def __init__(self):
self.arr = None
def create_channel(self, writer, reader_and_node_list):
self._channel = ray_channel.Channel(writer, reader_and_node_list, 1000)
return self._channel
def pass_channel(self, channel):
self._channel = channel
def close(self):
self._channel.close()
def write(self, arr):
self._channel.write(arr)
def read(self):
self.arr = self._channel.read()
# Keep self.arr in scope. While self.arr is in scope, its backing
# shared_ptr<MutableObjectBuffer> in C++ will also stay in scope.
# Under normal execution, this will block the next read() from
# returning, since we are still using the shared buffer.
# In this test we are checking that if the channel is closed, then
# the next read() will return an error immediately instead of
# blocking, even though we still have self.arr in scope.
return self.arr
for _ in range(10):
a = Actor.remote()
b = Actor.remote()
node_b = get_actor_node_id(b)
chan = ray.get(a.create_channel.remote(a, [(b, node_b)]))
ray.get(b.pass_channel.remote(chan))
# Use numpy to enable zero-copy deserialization.
arr = np.random.rand(100)
ray.get(a.write.remote(arr))
assert (arr == ray.get(b.read.remote())).all()
# Check that the thread does not block on the second call to read() below.
# read() acquires a lock, though if the lock is not released when
# read() fails (because the channel has been closed), then an additional
# call to read() *could* block.
# We wrap both calls to read() in pytest.raises() as both calls could
# trigger an RayChannelError exception if the channel has already been closed.
with pytest.raises(
ray.exceptions.RayTaskError, match=r"Channel closed"
) as exc_info:
ray.get([a.close.remote(), b.read.remote()])
assert isinstance(exc_info.value.as_instanceof_cause(), RayChannelError)
with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError) as exc_info:
ray.get(b.read.remote())
assert isinstance(exc_info.value.as_instanceof_cause(), RayChannelError)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_errors(ray_start_regular):
"""
Tests that an exception is thrown when there are more readers than specificed in the
channel constructor.
"""
@ray.remote
class Actor:
def make_chan(self, readers, do_write=True):
self.chan = ray_channel.Channel(
ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor, readers, 1000
)
if do_write:
self.chan.write(b"hello")
return self.chan
a = Actor.remote()
# Multiple consecutive reads from the same process are fine.
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
chan = ray.get(
a.make_chan.remote(
[(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], do_write=True
)
)
assert chan.read() == b"hello"
@ray.remote
class Reader:
def __init__(self):
pass
def read(self, chan):
return chan.read()
readers = [Reader.remote(), Reader.remote()]
# Check that an exception is thrown when there are more readers than specificed in
# the channel constructor.
chan = ray.get(
a.make_chan.remote([(readers[0], get_actor_node_id(readers[0]))], do_write=True)
)
# At least 1 reader.
with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError) as exc_info:
ray.get([reader.read.remote(chan) for reader in readers])
assert "ray.exceptions.RaySystemError" in str(exc_info.value)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_put_different_meta(ray_start_regular):
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
chan = ray_channel.Channel(
None, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], 1000
)
def _test(val):
chan.write(val)
read_val = chan.read()
if isinstance(val, np.ndarray):
assert np.array_equal(read_val, val)
else:
assert read_val == val
_test(b"hello")
_test("hello")
_test(1000)
_test(np.random.rand(10))
def test_multiple_channels_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster):
"""
Tests that multiple channels can be used at the same time between two nodes.
"""
cluster = ray_start_cluster
# This node is for the driver.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
# This node is for the Reader actors.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def read(self, channel, val):
read_val = channel.read()
if isinstance(val, np.ndarray):
assert np.array_equal(read_val, val)
else:
assert read_val == val
a = Actor.remote()
node_a = get_actor_node_id(a)
chan_a = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000)
chan_b = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000)
channels = [chan_a, chan_b]
val = np.random.rand(5)
for i in range(10):
for channel in channels:
channel.write(val)
for channel in channels:
ray.get(a.read.remote(channel, val))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_resize_channel_on_same_node(ray_start_regular):
"""
Tests that the channel backing store is automatically increased when a large object
is written to it. The writer and reader are on the same node.
"""
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
chan = ray_channel.Channel(
None, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], 1000
)
def _test(val):
chan.write(val)
read_val = chan.read()
if isinstance(val, np.ndarray):
assert np.array_equal(read_val, val)
else:
assert read_val == val
# `np.random.rand(100)` requires more than 1000 bytes of storage. The channel is
# allocated above with a backing store size of 1000 bytes.
_test(np.random.rand(100))
# Check that another write still works.
_test(np.random.rand(5))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_resize_channel_on_same_node_with_actor(ray_start_regular):
"""
Tests that the channel backing store is automatically increased when a large object
is written to it. The writer and reader are on the same node, and the reader is an
actor.
"""
@ray.remote
class Actor:
def __init__(self):
pass
def read(self, channel, val):
read_val = channel.read()
if isinstance(val, np.ndarray):
assert np.array_equal(read_val, val)
else:
assert read_val == val
def _test(channel, actor, val):
channel.write(val)
ray.get(actor.read.remote(channel, val))
a = Actor.remote()
node_a = get_actor_node_id(a)
chan = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000)
# `np.random.rand(100)` requires more than 1000 bytes of storage. The channel is
# allocated above with a backing store size of 1000 bytes.
_test(chan, a, np.random.rand(100))
# Check that another write still works.
_test(chan, a, np.random.rand(5))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_resize_channel_on_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster):
"""
Tests that the channel backing store is automatically increased when a large object
is written to it. The writer and reader are on different nodes, and the reader is an
actor.
"""
cluster = ray_start_cluster
# This node is for the driver.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
# This node is for the Reader actors.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def __init__(self):
pass
def read(self, channel, val):
read_val = channel.read()
if isinstance(val, np.ndarray):
assert np.array_equal(read_val, val)
else:
assert read_val == val
def _test(channel, actor, val):
channel.write(val)
ray.get(actor.read.remote(channel, val))
a = Actor.remote()
node_a = get_actor_node_id(a)
chan = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000)
# `np.random.rand(100)` requires more than 1000 bytes of storage. The channel is
# allocated above with a backing store size of 1000 bytes.
_test(chan, a, np.random.rand(100))
# Check that another write still works.
_test(chan, a, np.random.rand(5))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("num_readers", [1, 4])
def test_put_remote_get(ray_start_regular, num_readers):
"""
Tests that an actor can read objects/primitives of various types through a channel
when the reader is spawned with @ray.remote.
"""
@ray.remote(num_cpus=0)
class Reader:
def __init__(self):
pass
def read(self, chan, num_writes):
for i in range(num_writes):
val = i.to_bytes(8, "little")
assert chan.read() == val
for i in range(num_writes):
val = i.to_bytes(100, "little")
assert chan.read() == val
for val in [
b"hello world",
"hello again",
1000,
]:
assert chan.read() == val
num_writes = 1000
reader_and_node_list = []
for _ in range(num_readers):
handle = Reader.remote()
node = get_actor_node_id(handle)
reader_and_node_list.append((handle, node))
chan = ray_channel.Channel(None, reader_and_node_list, 1000)
chan.ensure_registered_as_writer()
done = [reader.read.remote(chan, num_writes) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list]
for i in range(num_writes):
val = i.to_bytes(8, "little")
chan.write(val)
# Test different data size.
for i in range(num_writes):
val = i.to_bytes(100, "little")
chan.write(val)
# Test different metadata.
for val in [
b"hello world",
"hello again",
1000,
]:
chan.write(val)
ray.get(done)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False])
def test_remote_reader(ray_start_cluster, remote):
"""
Tests that an actor can read objects/primitives of various types through a channel
when the reader and writer are on the (1) same node (remote=False) along with (2)
different nodes (remote=True).
"""
num_readers = 10
num_writes = 1000
num_iterations = 3
cluster = ray_start_cluster
if remote:
# This node is for the driver.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
# This node is for the Reader actors.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers)
else:
# This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Reader:
def __init__(self):
pass
def get_node_id(self) -> str:
return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
def pass_channel(self, channel):
self._reader_chan = channel
def read(self, num_reads):
for i in range(num_reads):
self._reader_chan.read()
reader_and_node_list = []
for _ in range(num_readers):
handle = Reader.remote()
node = get_actor_node_id(handle)
reader_and_node_list.append((handle, node))
channel = ray_channel.Channel(None, reader_and_node_list, 1000)
# All readers have received the channel.
ray.get([reader.pass_channel.remote(channel) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list])
for _ in range(num_iterations):
work = [reader.read.remote(num_writes) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list]
start = time.perf_counter()
for i in range(num_writes):
channel.write(b"x")
end = time.perf_counter()
ray.get(work)
print(end - start, 10_000 / (end - start))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False])
def test_remote_reader_close(ray_start_cluster, remote):
"""
Tests that readers do not block forever on read() when they close the channel.
Specifically, the following behavior should happen:
1. Each reader calls read() on one channel.
2. Each reader calls close() on the channel on a different thread.
3. Each reader should unblock and return from read().
Tests (1) the readers and writer on the same node (remote=False) along with
different nodes (remote=True).
"""
num_readers = 10
cluster = ray_start_cluster
if remote:
# This node is for the driver.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
# This node is for the Reader actors.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers)
else:
# This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Reader:
def __init__(self):
pass
def get_node_id(self) -> str:
return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
def pass_channel(self, channel):
self._reader_chan = channel
def read(self):
try:
self._reader_chan.read()
except RayChannelError:
pass
def close(self):
self._reader_chan.close()
reader_and_node_list = []
for _ in range(num_readers):
handle = Reader.remote()
node = get_actor_node_id(handle)
reader_and_node_list.append((handle, node))
channel = ray_channel.Channel(None, reader_and_node_list, 1000)
# All readers have received the channel.
ray.get([reader.pass_channel.remote(channel) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list])
reads = [
reader.read.options(concurrency_group="_ray_system").remote()
for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list
]
with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.GetTimeoutError):
ray.get(reads, timeout=1.0)
ray.get([reader.close.remote() for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list])
ray.get(reads)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_intra_process_channel_single_reader(ray_start_cluster):
"""
(1) Test whether an actor can read/write from an IntraProcessChannel.
(2) Test whether the _SerializationContext cleans up the
data after all readers have read it.
(3) Test whether the actor can write again after reading 1 time.
"""
# This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors.
cluster = ray_start_cluster
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def __init__(self):
pass
def pass_channel(self, channel):
self._chan = channel
def read(self):
return self._chan.read()
def write(self, value):
self._chan.write(value)
def get_ctx_buffer_size(self):
ctx = ray_channel.ChannelContext.get_current().serialization_context
return len(ctx.intra_process_channel_buffers)
actor = Actor.remote()
channel = ray_channel.IntraProcessChannel(num_readers=1)
ray.get(actor.pass_channel.remote(channel))
ray.get(actor.write.remote("hello"))
assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello"
# The _SerializationContext should clean up the data after a read.
assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0
# Write again after reading num_readers times.
ray.get(actor.write.remote("world"))
assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "world"
# The _SerializationContext should clean up the data after a read.
assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_intra_process_channel_multi_readers(ray_start_cluster):
"""
(1) Test whether an actor can read/write from an IntraProcessChannel.
(2) Test whether the _SerializationContext cleans up the
data after all readers have read it.
(3) Test whether the actor can write again after reading num_readers times.
(4) Test whether an exception is raised when calling write() before all readers
have read the data.
"""
# This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors.
cluster = ray_start_cluster
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def __init__(self):
pass
def pass_channel(self, channel):
self._chan = channel
def read(self):
return self._chan.read()
def write(self, value):
self._chan.write(value)
def get_ctx_buffer_size(self):
ctx = ray_channel.ChannelContext.get_current().serialization_context
return len(ctx.intra_process_channel_buffers)
actor = Actor.remote()
channel = ray_channel.IntraProcessChannel(num_readers=2)
ray.get(actor.pass_channel.remote(channel))
ray.get(actor.write.remote("hello"))
# first read
assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello"
assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 1
# second read
assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello"
assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0
# Write again after reading num_readers times.
ray.get(actor.write.remote("world"))
# first read
assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "world"
assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 1
# second read
assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "world"
assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0
# Write again
ray.get(actor.write.remote("hello world"))
# first read
assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello world"
assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 1
with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError):
ray.get(actor.write.remote("world hello"))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_composite_channel_single_reader(ray_start_cluster):
"""
(1) The driver can write data to CompositeChannel and an actor can read it.
(2) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and the actor itself can read it.
(3) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and another actor can read it.
(4) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and the driver can read it.
"""
# This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors.
cluster = ray_start_cluster
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def __init__(self):
pass
def pass_channel(self, channel):
self._chan = channel
def create_composite_channel(self, writer, reader_and_node_list):
self._chan = ray_channel.CompositeChannel(writer, reader_and_node_list)
return self._chan
def read(self):
return self._chan.read()
def write(self, value):
self._chan.write(value)
actor1 = Actor.remote()
actor2 = Actor.remote()
node1 = get_actor_node_id(actor1)
node2 = get_actor_node_id(actor2)
# Create a channel to communicate between driver process and actor1.
driver_to_actor1_channel = ray_channel.CompositeChannel(None, [(actor1, node1)])
ray.get(actor1.pass_channel.remote(driver_to_actor1_channel))
driver_to_actor1_channel.write("hello")
assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "hello"
# Create a channel to communicate between two tasks in actor1.
ray.get(actor1.create_composite_channel.remote(actor1, [(actor1, node1)]))
ray.get(actor1.write.remote("world"))
assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "world"
# Create a channel to communicate between actor1 and actor2.
actor1_to_actor2_channel = ray.get(
actor1.create_composite_channel.remote(actor1, [(actor2, node2)])
)
ray.get(actor2.pass_channel.remote(actor1_to_actor2_channel))
ray.get(actor1.write.remote("hello world"))
assert ray.get(actor2.read.remote()) == "hello world"
# Create a channel to communicate between actor2 and driver process.
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
actor2_to_driver_channel = ray.get(
actor2.create_composite_channel.remote(
actor2, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))]
)
)
ray.get(actor2.write.remote("world hello"))
assert actor2_to_driver_channel.read() == "world hello"
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_composite_channel_multiple_readers(ray_start_cluster):
"""
Test the behavior of CompositeChannel when there are multiple readers.
(1) The driver can write data to CompositeChannel and two actors can read it.
(2) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and another actor, as well as
itself, can read it.
(3) An actor writes data to CompositeChannel and two Ray tasks on the same
actor read it. This is not supported and should raise an exception.
"""
# This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors.
cluster = ray_start_cluster
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def __init__(self):
pass
def pass_channel(self, channel):
self._chan = channel
def create_composite_channel(self, writer, reader_and_node_list):
self._chan = ray_channel.CompositeChannel(writer, reader_and_node_list)
return self._chan
def read(self):
return self._chan.read()
def write(self, value):
self._chan.write(value)
actor1 = Actor.remote()
actor2 = Actor.remote()
node1 = get_actor_node_id(actor1)
node2 = get_actor_node_id(actor2)
# The driver writes data to CompositeChannel and actor1 and actor2 read it.
driver_output_channel = ray_channel.CompositeChannel(
None, [(actor1, node1), (actor2, node2)]
)
ray.get(actor1.pass_channel.remote(driver_output_channel))
ray.get(actor2.pass_channel.remote(driver_output_channel))
driver_output_channel.write("hello")
assert ray.get([actor1.read.remote(), actor2.read.remote()]) == ["hello"] * 2
# actor1 writes data to CompositeChannel and actor1 and actor2 read it.
actor1_output_channel = ray.get(
actor1.create_composite_channel.remote(
actor1, [(actor1, node1), (actor2, node2)]
)
)
ray.get(actor2.pass_channel.remote(actor1_output_channel))
ray.get(actor1.write.remote("world"))
assert ray.get([actor1.read.remote(), actor2.read.remote()]) == ["world"] * 2
actor1_output_channel = ray.get(
actor1.create_composite_channel.remote(
actor1, [(actor1, node1), (actor1, node1)]
)
)
ray.get(actor1.write.remote("hello world"))
assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "hello world"
assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "hello world"
with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError):
# actor1_output_channel has two readers, so it can only be read twice.
# The third read should raise an exception.
ray.get(actor1.read.remote())
"""
TODO (kevin85421): Add tests for the following cases:
(1) actor1 writes data to CompositeChannel and two Ray tasks on actor2 read it.
(2) actor1 writes data to CompositeChannel and actor2 and the driver reads it.
Currently, (1) is not supported, and (2) is blocked by the reference count issue.
"""
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_put_error(ray_start_cluster):
cluster = ray_start_cluster
# This node is for both the driver (including the CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor)
# and the writer actor.
cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
def _wrap_exception(exc):
backtrace = ray._private.utils.format_error_message(
"".join(traceback.format_exception(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__)),
task_exception=True,
)
wrapped = ray.exceptions.RayTaskError(
function_name="do_exec_tasks",
traceback_str=backtrace,
cause=exc,
)
return wrapped
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def setup(self, reader_and_node_list):
self._channel = ray_channel.Channel(
ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor,
reader_and_node_list,
1000,
)
def get_channel(self):
return self._channel
def write(self, write_error):
if write_error:
try:
raise ValueError("")
except Exception as exc:
self._channel.write(_wrap_exception(exc))
else:
self._channel.write(b"x")
a = Actor.remote()
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
ray.get(a.setup.remote([(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))]))
chan = ray.get(a.get_channel.remote())
# Putting a bytes object multiple times is okay.
for _ in range(3):
ray.get(a.write.remote(write_error=False))
assert chan.read() == b"x"
# Putting an exception multiple times is okay.
for _ in range(3):
ray.get(a.write.remote(write_error=True))
try:
assert chan.read()
except Exception as exc:
assert isinstance(exc, ValueError)
assert isinstance(exc, ray.exceptions.RayTaskError)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_payload_large(ray_start_cluster):
cluster = ray_start_cluster
# This node is for the driver.
first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
# This node is for the reader.
second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
cluster.wait_for_nodes()
nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id]
# We want to check that there are two nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes` to a set and
# then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the length of `nodes`
# is 2.
nodes = list(set(nodes))
assert len(nodes) == 2
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def get_node_id(self):
return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
def read(self, channel, val):
assert channel.read() == val
def create_actor(node):
return Actor.options(
scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False)
).remote()
driver_node = ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
actor_node = nodes[0] if nodes[0] != driver_node else nodes[1]
assert driver_node != actor_node
a = create_actor(actor_node)
node_a = ray.get(a.get_node_id.remote())
assert driver_node != ray.get(a.get_node_id.remote())
# Ray sets the gRPC payload max size to 512 MiB. We choose a size in this test that
# is a bit larger.
size = 1024 * 1024 * 600
ch = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], size)
val = b"x" * size
ch.write(val)
ray.get(a.read.remote(ch, val))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_payload_resize_large(ray_start_cluster):
cluster = ray_start_cluster
# This node is for the driver.
first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
# This node is for the reader.
second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
cluster.wait_for_nodes()
nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id]
# We want to check that there are two nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes` to a set and
# then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the length of `nodes`
# is 2.
nodes = list(set(nodes))
assert len(nodes) == 2
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def get_node_id(self):
return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
def read(self, channel, val):
assert channel.read() == val
def create_actor(node):
return Actor.options(
scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False)
).remote()
driver_node = ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
actor_node = nodes[0] if nodes[0] != driver_node else nodes[1]
assert driver_node != actor_node
a = create_actor(actor_node)
assert driver_node != ray.get(a.get_node_id.remote())
ch = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, actor_node)], 1000)
# Ray sets the gRPC payload max size to 512 MiB. We choose a size in this test that
# is a bit larger.
size = 1024 * 1024 * 600
val = b"x" * size
ch.write(val)
ray.get(a.read.remote(ch, val))
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_readers_on_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster):
cluster = ray_start_cluster
# This node is for the driver (including the CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor) and
# one of the readers.
first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2)
# This node is for the other reader.
second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
cluster.wait_for_nodes()
nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id]
# We want to check that there are two nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes` to a set and
# then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the length of `nodes`
# is 2.
nodes = list(set(nodes))
assert len(nodes) == 2
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def get_node_id(self):
return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
def create_actor(node):
return Actor.options(
scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False)
).remote()
a = create_actor(nodes[0])
b = create_actor(nodes[1])
actors = [a, b]
nodes_check = ray.get([act.get_node_id.remote() for act in actors])
a_node = nodes_check[0]
b_node = nodes_check[1]
assert a_node != b_node
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
driver_node = get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)
with pytest.raises(
ValueError, match="All reader actors must be on the same node.*"
):
ray_channel.Channel(
None, [(driver_actor, driver_node), (a, a_node), (b, b_node)], 1000
)
@pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin",
reason="Requires Linux or Mac.",
)
def test_bunch_readers_on_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster):
cluster = ray_start_cluster
# This node is for the driver (including the DriverHelperActor) and two of the
# readers.
first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=3)
# This node is for the other two readers.
second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2)
ray.init(address=cluster.address)
cluster.wait_for_nodes()
nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id]
# We want to check that the readers are on different nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes`
# to a set and then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the
# length of `nodes` is 2.
nodes = list(set(nodes))
assert len(nodes) == 2
@ray.remote(num_cpus=1)
class Actor:
def get_node_id(self):
return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id()
def create_actor(node):
return Actor.options(
scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False)
).remote()
a = create_actor(nodes[0])
b = create_actor(nodes[0])
c = create_actor(nodes[1])
d = create_actor(nodes[1])
actors = [a, b, c, d]
nodes_check = ray.get([act.get_node_id.remote() for act in actors])
a_node = nodes_check[0]
b_node = nodes_check[1]
c_node = nodes_check[2]
d_node = nodes_check[3]
assert a_node == b_node
assert b_node != c_node
assert c_node == d_node
driver_actor = create_driver_actor()
driver_node = get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)
with pytest.raises(
ValueError, match="All reader actors must be on the same node.*"
):
ray_channel.Channel(
None,
[
(driver_actor, driver_node),
(a, a_node),
(b, b_node),
(c, c_node),
(d, d_node),
],
1000,
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if os.environ.get("PARALLEL_CI"):
sys.exit(pytest.main(["-n", "auto", "--boxed", "-vs", __file__]))
else:
sys.exit(pytest.main(["-sv", __file__]))
``` |
Francis James Barraud (16 June 1856 – 29 August 1924) was an English painter. He is best known for his work His Master's Voice, one of the most famous commercial logos in the world, having inspired a music industry trademark used by corporations including EMI, HMV, RCA Victor and JVC. The image, which depicts a dog named Nipper, ear cocked as he listens to a wind-up disc gramophone helped popularize the nascent field of sound recording and brought Barraud worldwide fame. He subsequently established himself as an artist for corporate clients, spending the rest of his career producing at least two dozen copies of the painting which made his name.
Early life
Barraud was born in Marylebone, London, on 16 June 1856 into a family of artists and creatives. Both his father, Henry Barraud (1811–1874), and paternal uncle William Barraud (1810–1850) were well-known animal painters. Barraud's patrilineal great-grandfather, Paul Philip Barraud, was an eminent chronometer maker of Huguenot extraction, descended from an old French family that came over to England at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Another of Barraud's paternal great-grandparents was a miniature painter. Through his mother, Anna Maria Rose, he was the nephew of George Rose (1817–1882), a dramatist, novelist, and humorous entertainer, who wrote under the pseudonym Arthur Sketchley.
Barraud was educated at Ushaw College in Durham and St. Edmund's College in Ware, Hertfordshire. Following in his father's footsteps, Barraud then pursued an artistic education, studying at Heatherley's School of Art and the Royal Academy Schools, where he was the recipient of the silver medal for life drawing. He also studied abroad at Beaux Arts in Antwerp, Belgium.
His Master's Voice
The original painting is believed to have been created sometime between late 1898 and early 1899, when Barraud filed an application for copyright of his picture of a 'dog looking at and listening to phonograph'. A photograph of the original painting was included with the application. The dog in question was Barraud's late pet, Nipper, whom he had inherited after the premature death of his elder brother Mark (1848–1887), a Bristol stage set painter. As Nipper had died in 1895, he could not be used as a living model, so Barraud instead worked from an old photo he had. He decided on the name His Master's Voice and presented it to various publishers, hoping there would be "demand for it as a reproduction." However, there was little interest, with one man objecting on the basis that “no one would know what the dog was doing.” Barraud offered the painting to the Edison Bell company, whose commercial phonograph was depicted within the painting, but again the work was rejected, with James E. Hough of the company's London branch declaring that “dogs don't listen to phonographs.” He had also been turned down by the Royal Academy, who had previously exhibited his work.
Having set aside the painting, someone then suggested to Barraud that he should replace the black trumpet with a more aesthetically-pleasing brass horn. In May 1899, he approached the Gramophone Company, whose Berliner gramophones were made with brass horns, at their Maiden Lane office in London, taking with him the photo of his original piece. William Barry Owen, head of the company's English operation, took an interest in the painting and, after a period of negotiation, the company agreed to purchase it, on the condition that the original cylinder-based phonograph be replaced with their model of disc-based gramophone. Barraud was paid £50 for the altered painting, and another £50 for the copyright (the total being equivalent to approximately £10,000 in 2019). In 1900, the painting was registered as a trademark in the United States and Canada by Emile Berliner, founder of the Gramophone Company, before subsequently being transferred the following year to Eldridge Johnson of the Victor Talking Machine Company, later RCA Victor, which extended the copyright further afield.
His Master's Voice would go on to become associated with the music retailer HMV, a subsidiary of the Gramophone Company. The first HMV store was opened in Oxford Street in 1921, with Barraud amongst those in attendance. In 1931, The Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form Electric and Musical Industries Limited (EMI).
Later life and death
Barraud was never able to match the success of His Master's Voice and, by 1913, he was struggling financially. Upon learning this, the Gramophone Company's Alfred Clark commissioned a replica of His Master's Voice for The Victor Talking Machine Company. Barraud subsequently developed his own successful enterprise, painting copies of His Master's Voice, many of them for executives and employees of the Victor Company in the United States.
In 1919, the Victor Company and the Gramophone Company jointly arranged for Barraud to receive a pension of £250 a year – later increased to £350 in 1924 – as a gesture of appreciation for his services.
On 29 August 1924, Barraud died in Hampstead, London and was buried in Hampstead Cemetery.
Other works
Barraud was first exhibited by the Royal Academy in 1881, with a portrait of George Rose, his maternal uncle, being one of his compositions. He would become a regular exhibitor at the Academy, as well as other institutions, including the Institute of Painters in Oil Colours. An Encore Too Many (1887), one of Barraud's earlier works, was purchased by the Liverpool Corporation and is currently in the collection of the city's Walker Art Gallery.
References
External links
1856 births
1924 deaths
19th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century English painters
People educated at St Edmund's College, Ware
20th-century English male artists
19th-century English male artists |
For about a hundred years, from after Reconstruction until the 1990s, the Democratic Party dominated Texas politics, making part of the Solid South. In a reversal of alignments, since the late 1960s, the Republican Party has grown more prominent. By the 1990s, it became the state's dominant political party and remains so to this day, as Democrats have not won a statewide race since the 1994 Lieutenant gubernatorial election.
Texas is a majority Republican state with Republicans controlling every statewide office. Texas Republicans have majorities in the State House and Senate, an entirely Republican Texas Supreme Court, control of both Senate seats in the US Congress. Texas is America's most-populous Republican state. A number of political commentators had suggested that Texas is trending Democratic since 2016, however, Republicans have continued to win every statewide office through 2022.
The 19th-century culture of the state was heavily influenced by the plantation culture of the Old South, dependent on African-American slaves, as well as the patron system once prevalent (and still somewhat present) in northern Mexico and South Texas. In these societies, the government's primary role was seen as being the preservation of social order. Solving individual problems in society was seen as a local problem with the expectation that the individual with wealth should resolve his or her own issues. These influences continue to affect Texas today. In their book, Texas Politics Today 2009-2010, authors Maxwell, Crain, and Santos attribute Texas' traditionally low voter turnout among whites to these influences. But beginning in the early 20th century, voter turnout was dramatically reduced by the state legislature's disenfranchisement of most blacks, and many poor whites and Latinos.
History
Democratic dominance: 1845–mid-1990s
From 1848 until Dwight D. Eisenhower's victory in 1952, Texas voted for the Democratic candidate for president in every election except 1928, when it did not support Catholic Al Smith. The Democrats were pro-slavery pre-Civil War, as Abraham Lincoln was a Republican in the North. Most Republicans were Abolitionists. In the mid-20th century 1952 and 1956 elections, the state voters joined the landslide for Dwight D. Eisenhower. (Texas did not vote in 1864 and 1868 due to the Civil War and Reconstruction).
In the post-Civil War era, two of the most important Republican figures in Texas were African Americans George T. Ruby and Norris Wright Cuney. Ruby was a black community organizer, director in the federal Freedmen's Bureau, and leader of the Galveston Union League. His protégé Cuney was a person of mixed-race descent whose wealthy, white planter father freed him and his siblings before the Civil War and arranged for his education in Pennsylvania. Cuney returned and settled in Galveston, where he became active in the Union League and the Republican party; he rose to the leadership of the party. He became influential in Galveston and Texas politics, and is widely regarded as one of the most influential black leaders in the South during the 19th century.
From 1902 through 1965, Texas had virtually disenfranchised most Black, many Latino, and poor White people through the imposition of the poll tax and white primaries. Across the South, Democrats controlled congressional apportionment based on total population, although they had disenfranchised the black population. The Solid South exercised tremendous power in Congress, and Democrats gained important committee chairmanships by seniority. They gained federal funding for infrastructure projects in their states and the region, as well as support for numerous military bases, as two examples of how they brought federal investment to the state and region.
In the post-Reconstruction era, by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Republican Party became non-competitive in the South, due to Democrat-dominated legislatures' disenfranchisement of blacks and many poor whites and Latinos. In Texas, the Democrat-dominated legislature excluded them through passage of a poll tax and white primary. Voter turnout in Texas declined dramatically following these disenfranchisement measures, and Southern voting turnout was far below the national average.
Although black people made up 20 percent of the state population at the turn of the century, they were essentially excluded from formal politics. Republican support in Texas had been based almost exclusively in the free black communities, particularly in Galveston, and in the German counties of the rural Texas Hill Country inhabited by German immigrants and their descendants, who had opposed slavery in the antebellum period. The German counties continued to run Republican candidates. Harry M. Wurzbach was elected from the 14th district from 1920 to 1926, contesting and finally winning the election of 1928, and being re-elected in 1930.
Some of the most important American political figures of the 20th century, such as President Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice-President John Nance Garner, Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn, and Senator Ralph Yarborough were Texas Democrats. But, the Texas Democrats were rarely united, being divided into conservative, moderate and liberal factions that vied with one another for power.
Increasing Republican strength: 1960–1990
Beginning in the late 1960s, Republican strength increased in Texas, particularly among residents of the expanding "country club suburbs" around Dallas and Houston. The election, to Congress, of Republicans such as John Tower, (who had switched from the Democratic Party) and George H. W. Bush in 1961 and 1966, respectively, reflected this trend. Nationally, outside of the South, Democrats supported the civil rights movement and achieved important passage of federal legislation in the mid-1960s. In the South, however, Democratic leaders had opposed changes to bring about black voting or desegregated schools and public facilities and in many places exercised resistance. Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, southern white voters began to align with the Republican Party, a movement accelerated after the next year, when Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, providing for federal enforcement of minorities' constitutional right to vote. Voter registration and turnout increased among blacks and Latinos in Texas and other states.
Unlike the rest of the South, however, Texas voters were never especially supportive of the various third-party candidacies of Southern Democrats. It was the only state in the former Confederacy to back Democrat Hubert Humphrey in the 1968 presidential election. During the 1980s, a number of conservative Democrats defected to the GOP, including Senator Phil Gramm, Congressman Kent Hance, and GOP Governor Rick Perry, who was a Democrat during his time as a state lawmaker.
John Tower's 1961 election to the U.S. Senate made him the first statewide GOP officeholder since Reconstruction and the disenfranchisement of black Republicans. Republican Governor Bill Clements and Senator Phil Gramm (also a former Democrat) were elected after him. Republicans became increasingly dominant in national elections in white-majority Texas. The last Democratic presidential candidate to win the state was Jimmy Carter in 1976. In the 1992 election, Bill Clinton became the first Democrat to win the Oval Office while losing Texas electoral votes. This result significantly reduced the power of Texas Democrats at the national level, as party leaders believed the state had become unwinnable.
Republican dominance: mid-1990s–present
Despite increasing Republican strength in national elections, after the 1990 census, Texas Democrats still controlled both houses of the State Legislature and most statewide offices. As a result, they directed the redistricting process after the decennial census. Although Congressional Texas Democrats received an average of 45 percent of the votes, Democrats consistently had a majority in the state delegation, as they had in every election since at least the end of Reconstruction.
In 1994, In the midst of the Republican Revolution, Democratic Governor Ann Richards lost her bid for re-election against Republican George W. Bush, ending an era in which Democrats controlled the governorship for all but eight of the past 120 years. Republicans have won the governorship ever since. In 1998, Bush won re-election in a landslide victory, with Republicans sweeping to victory in all the statewide races. Republicans won the Texas Senate for the first time since Reconstruction in 1996.
After the 2000 census, the Republican-controlled state Senate sought to draw a congressional district map that would guarantee a Republican majority in the state's delegation. The Democrat-controlled state House desired to retain a plan similar to the existing lines. There was an impasse. With the Legislature unable to reach a compromise, the matter was settled by a panel of federal court judges, who ruled in favor of a district map that largely retained the status quo.
But, Republicans dominated the Legislative Redistricting Board, which defines the state legislative districts, by a majority of four to one. The Republicans on this board used their voting strength to adopt a map for the state Senate that was more favorable to the Republicans as well as a map for the state House that also strongly favored them, as Democrats had also done before them.
In 2002, Texas Republicans gained control of the Texas House of Representatives for the first time since Reconstruction. The newly elected Republican legislature engaged in an unprecedented mid-decade redistricting plan. Democrats said that the redistricting was a blatant partisan gerrymander, while Republicans argued that it was a much-needed correction of the partisan lines drawn after the 1990 census. But, the Republicans ignored the effects of nearly one million new citizens in the state, basing redistricting on 2000 census data. The result was a gain of six seats by the Republicans in the 2004 elections, giving them a majority of the state's delegation for the first time since Reconstruction.
In December 2005, the US Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal that challenged the legality of this redistricting plan. While largely upholding the map, it ruled the El Paso-to-San Antonio 23rd District, which had been a protected majority-Latino district until the 2003 redistricting, was unconstitutionally drawn. The ruling forced nearly every district in the El Paso-San Antonio corridor to be reconfigured. Partly due to this, Democrats picked up two seats in the state in the 2006 elections. The 23rd's Republican incumbent was defeated in this election. It was the first time a Democratic House challenger unseated a Texas Republican incumbent in 10 years.
In 2018, Democratic Congressman Beto O'Rourke lost his Senate bid to the incumbent Ted Cruz by 2.6%, the best result for a Democratic Senate candidate since Lloyd Bentsen won in 1988. O'Rourke's performance in 2018 led analysts to predict greater gains for the Democrats going into the 2020s. In the 2020 elections, Texas voted for the Republican nominee for president Donald Trump by a narrower margin than in 2016, and re-elected the Republican incumbent senator, John Cornyn. In the 2022 governor race, the Republican governor Greg Abbott easily won reelection against Beto O'Rourke.
Issues
Capital punishment
Texas has a reputation for strict "law and order" sentencing. Texas leads the nation in executions in raw numbers, with 578 executions from 1976 to 2022. The second-highest ranking state is Oklahoma at 119 A 2002 Houston Chronicle poll of Texans found that when asked "Do you support the death penalty?" 69.1% responded that they did, 21.9% did not support and 9.1% were not sure or gave no answer.
Secessionist sentiment
Texas has a long history with secession. It was originally a Spanish province, which in 1821 seceded from Spain and helped form the First Mexican Empire. In 1824 Texas became a state in the new Mexican republic. In 1835 Antonio López de Santa Anna assumed dictatorial control over that republic and several states openly rebelled against the changes: Coahuila y Tejas (the northern part of which would become the Republic of Texas), San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Durango, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Yucatán, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas. Several of these states formed their own governments: the Republic of the Rio Grande, the Republic of Yucatan, and the Republic of Texas. Only the Texans defeated Santa Anna and retained their independence.
Some Texans believe that because it joined the United States as a country, the Texas state constitution includes the right to secede. However, neither the ordinance of The Texas Annexation of 1845 nor The Annexation of Texas Joint Resolution of Congress March 1, 1845 included provisions giving Texas the right to secede. Texas did originally retain the right to divide into as many as five independent States, and as part of the Compromise of 1850 continues to retain that right while ceding former claims westward and northward along the full length of the Rio Grande in exchange for $10 million from the federal government. See Texas divisionism.
The United States Supreme Court's primary ruling on the legality of secession involved a case brought by Texas involving a Civil War era bonds transfer. In deciding the 1869 Texas v. White case, the Supreme Court first addressed the issue of whether Texas had in fact seceded when it joined the Confederacy. In a 5–3 vote the Court "held that as a matter of constitutional law, no state could leave the Union, explicitly repudiating the position of the Confederate States that the United States was a voluntary compact between sovereign states." In writing the majority opinion Chief Justice Salmon Chase opined that:
When, therefore, Texas became one of the United States, she entered into an indissoluble relation. All the obligations of perpetual union, and all the guaranties of republican government in the Union, attached at once to the State. The act which consummated her admission into the Union was something more than a compact; it was the incorporation of a new member into the political body. And it was final. The union between Texas and the other States was as complete, as perpetual, and as indissoluble as the union between the original States. There was no place for reconsideration or revocation, except through revolution or through consent of the States.
However, as the issue of secession per se was not the one before the court, it has been debated as to whether this reasoning is merely dicta or a binding ruling on the question. It is also worth noting that Salmon Chase was nominated by Abraham Lincoln and was a staunch anti-secessionist. It is unlikely that he or his Republican appointed court would have approved of the Confederacy and Texas' choice to join it.
The state's organized secessionist movement is growing, with a notable minority of Texans holding secessionist sentiments. A 2009 poll found that 31% of Texans believe that Texas has the legal right to secede and form an independent country and 18% believe it should do so. The Texas Nationalist Movement has been working towards Texas independence for 15 years. In January 2021, State Representative Kyle Biedermann filed HB 1359, which would bring a vote for Texas independence to the citizens of Texas in November 2021.
Budget
Until 2010, Texas had weathered the Great Recession fairly well, buffered by its vast oil and gas industries. It avoided the housing industry meltdown and its unemployment rate continues to be below the national level. It benefited from having a two-year budget cycle, allowing officials create budget plans with more time to focus on issues of importance. However, Texas was impacted by the economic downturn just like many other states, and by 2011 was suffering from tens of billions of dollars in budget deficits. In order to deal with this deficit, a supermajority of Republicans led to a massive cost cutting spree. In order to draw new businesses to the state, Texas has developed a program of tax incentives to corporations willing to move there. These efforts, along with Texas focusing on developing their natural energy resources, has led to a surplus as Texas begins its next two year budget cycle.
Major revenue sources
For FY 2011, the top Texas revenue sources by category were approximately:
Federal Income:
$42,159,665,863.56
Sales Tax:
$21,523,984,733.17
Investments:
$10,406,151,499.48
Other Revenue:
$8,569,805,443.66
Licenses, Fees, Fines and Penalties:
$7,741,880,095.57
As of 2008, Texas residents paid a total of $88,794 million dollars in income taxes. This does not include Federal taxes paid by Texas businesses.
Besides sales tax, other taxes include franchise, insurance, natural gas, alcohol, cigarette and tobacco taxes. Texas has no personal state income tax.
Major spending categories
For FY 2011, the top Texas State Agency spending categories were approximately:
Public Assistance Payments:
$26,501,123,478.54
Intergovernmental Payments:
$21,014,819,852.52
Interfund Transfers/Other:
$12,319,487,032.40
Salaries and Wages:
$8,595,912,992.82
Employee Benefits:
$5,743,905,057.61
Current state political parties
Republican Party of Texas (State Affiliate of Republican Party)
Texas Democratic Party (State Affiliate of Democratic Party)
Libertarian Party of Texas (State Affiliate of Libertarian Party)
Constitution Party of Texas (State Affiliate of Constitution Party)
Texas Independence Party (State Affiliate of Independence Party of America)
Green Party of Texas (State Affiliate of Green Party of the United States)
Reform Party of Texas (State Affiliate of Reform Party of the United States of America)
Socialist Party of Texas (State Affiliate of Socialist Party USA)
Communist Party of Texas (State Affiliate of Communist Party of the United States of America)
Southern Independence Party (State Specific)
Confederate Party of Texas (state Specific)
Federal representation
Texas currently has 38 House districts In the 118th Congress, 13 of Texas's seats are held by Democrats and 25 are held by Republicans. There are as follows:
Texas's 1st congressional district represented by Nathaniel Moran (R)
Texas's 2nd congressional district represented by Dan Crenshaw (R)
Texas's 3rd congressional district represented by Keith Self (R)
Texas's 4th congressional district represented by Pat Fallon (R)
Texas's 5th congressional district represented by Lance Gooden (R)
Texas's 6th congressional district represented by Jake Ellzey (R)
Texas's 7th congressional district represented by Lizzie Fletcher (D)
Texas's 8th congressional district represented by Morgan Luttrell (R)
Texas's 9th congressional district represented by Al Green (D)
Texas's 10th congressional district represented by Michael Cloud (R)
Texas's 11th congressional district represented by August Pfluger (R)
Texas's 12th congressional district represented by Kay Granger (R)
Texas's 13th congressional district represented by Ronny Jackson (R)
Texas's 14th congressional district represented by Randy Weber (R)
Texas's 15th congressional district represented by Monica De La Cruz (R)
Texas's 16th congressional district represented by Veronica Escobar (D)
Texas's 17th congressional district represented by Pete Sessions (R)
Texas's 18th congressional district represented by Sheila Jackson Lee (D)
Texas's 19th congressional district represented by Jodey Arrington (R)
Texas's 20th congressional district represented by Joaquin Castro (D)
Texas's 21st congressional district represented by Chip Roy (R)
Texas's 22nd congressional district represented by Troy Nehls (R)
Texas's 23rd congressional district represented by Tony Gonzales (R)
Texas's 24th congressional district represented by Beth Van Duyne (R)
Texas's 25th congressional district represented by Roger Williams (R)
Texas's 26th congressional district represented by Michael Burgess (R)
Texas's 27th congressional district represented by Michael Cloud (R)
Texas's 28th congressional district represented by Henry Cuellar (D)
Texas's 29th congressional district represented by Sylvia Garcia (D)
Texas's 30th congressional district represented by Jasmine Crockett (D)
Texas's 31st congressional district represented by John Carter (R)
Texas's 32nd congressional district represented by Colin Allred (D)
Texas's 33rd congressional district represented by Mark Veasey (D)
Texas's 34th congressional district represented by Vicente Gonzalez (D)
Texas's 35th congressional district represented by Greg Casar (D)
Texas's 36th congressional district represented by Brian Babin (R)
Texas's 37th congressional district represented by Lloyd Doggett (D)
Texas's 38th congressional district represented by Wesley Hunt (R)
Texas's two United States Senators are Republicans John Cornyn and Ted Cruz, serving since 2002 and 2013, respectively.
Texas is part of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas in the federal judiciary. The district's cases are appealed to the Houston-based United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
See also
Government of Texas
Political party strength in Texas
Elections in Texas
Notes
References
Cunningham, Sean P. Cowboy Conservatism: Texas and the Rise of the Modern Right. (2010).
External links
Texas Politics, the TxP project at the University of Texas at Austin |
The Gimpo Hangang Highway (Korean: 김포한강로; Gimpo Hangang Ro) is a 6-lanes highway in South Korea, connecting Gangseo District, Seoul to Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province.
Main stopovers
Seoul
Gaehwa-dong
Gyeonggi Province
Gimpo (Gochon-eup - Sau-dong - Geolpo-dong - Unyang-dong)
Composition
Notes
IC : Interchange
IS : Intersection
TN : Tunnel
BR : Bridge
See also
Roads and expressways in South Korea
Transportation in South Korea
Olympic-daero
References
External links
MOLIT South Korean Government Transport Department
Gyeonggi Province
Roads in Seoul
Roads in Gyeonggi |
Within general relativity (GR), Einstein's relativistic gravity, the gravitational field is described by the 10-component metric tensor. However, in Newtonian gravity, which is a limit of GR, the gravitational field is described by a single component Newtonian gravitational potential. This raises the question to identify the Newtonian potential within the metric, and to identify the physical interpretation of the remaining 9 fields.
The definition of the non-relativistic gravitational fields provides the answer to this question, and thereby describes the image of the metric tensor in Newtonian physics. These fields are not strictly non-relativistic. Rather, they apply to the non-relativistic (or post-Newtonian) limit of GR.
A reader who is familiar with electromagnetism (EM) will benefit from the following analogy. In EM, one is familiar with the electrostatic potential and the magnetic vector potential . Together, they combine into the 4-vector potential , which is compatible with relativity. This relation can be thought to represent the non-relativistic decomposition of the electromagnetic 4-vector potential. Indeed, a system of point-particle charges moving slowly with respect to the speed of light may be studied in an expansion in , where is a typical velocity and is the speed of light. This expansion is known as the post-Coulombic expansion. Within this expansion, contributes to the two-body potential already at 0th order, while contributes only from the 1st order and onward, since it couples to electric currents and hence the associated potential is proportional to .
Definition
In the non-relativistic limit, of weak gravity and non-relativistic velocities, general relativity reduces to Newtonian gravity. Going beyond the strict limit, corrections can be organized into a perturbation theory known as the post-Newtonian expansion. As part of that, the metric gravitational field , is redefined and decomposed into the non-relativistic gravitational (NRG) fields : is the Newtonian potential, is known as the gravito-magnetic vector potential, and finally is a 3d symmetric tensor known as the spatial metric perturbation. The field redefinition is given by
In components, this is equivalent to
where .
Counting components, has 10, while has 1, has 3 and finally has 6. Hence, in terms of components, the decomposition reads .
Motivation for definition
In the post-Newtonian limit, bodies move slowly compared with the speed of light, and hence the gravitational field is also slowly changing. Approximating the fields to be time independent, the Kaluza-Klein reduction (KK) was adapted to apply to the time direction. Recall that in its original context, the KK reduction applies to fields which are independent of a compact spatial fourth direction. In short, the NRG decomposition is a Kaluza-Klein reduction over time.
The definition was essentially introduced in, interpreted in the context of the post-Newtonian expansion in, and finally the normalization of was changed in to improve the analogy between a spinning object and a magnetic dipole.
Relation with standard approximations
By definition, the post-Newtonian expansion assumes a weak field approximation. Within the first order perturbation to the metric , where is the Minkowski metric, we find the standard weak field decomposition into a scalar, vector and tensor , which is similar to the non-relativistic gravitational (NRG) fields. The importance of the NRG fields is that they provide a non-linear extension, thereby facilitating computation at higher orders in the weak field / post-Newtonian expansion. Summarizing, the NRG fields are adapted for higher order post-Newtonian expansion.
Physical interpretation
The scalar field is interpreted as the Newtonian gravitational potential.
The vector field is interpreted as the gravito-magnetic vector potential. It is magnetic-like, or analogous to the magnetic vector potential in electromagnetism (EM). In particular, it is sourced by massive currents (the analogue of charge currents in EM), namely by momentum.
As a result, the gravito-magnetic vector potential is responsible for current-current interaction, which appears at the 1st post-Newtonian order. In particular, it generates a repulsive contribution to the force between parallel massive currents. However, this repulsion is overturned by the standard Newtonian gravitational attraction, since in gravity a current "wire" must always be massive (charged) -- unlike EM.
A spinning object is the analogue of an electromagnetic current loop, which forms as magnetic dipole, and as such it creates a magnetic-like dipole field in .
The symmetric tensor is known as the spatial metric perturbation. From the 2nd post-Newtonian order and onward, it must be accounted for. If one restricts to the 1st post-Newtonian order, can be ignored, and relativistic gravity is described by the , fields. Hence it becomes a strong analogue of electromagnetism, an analogy known as gravitoelectromagnetism.
Applications and generalizations
The two body problem in general relativity holds both intrinsic interest and observational, astrophysical interest. In particular, it is used to describe the motion of binary compact objects, which are the sources for gravitational waves. As such, the study of this problem is essential for both detection and interpretation of gravitational waves.
Within this two body problem, the effects of GR are captured by the two body effective potential, which is expanded within the post-Newtonian approximation. Non-relativistic gravitational fields were found to economize the determination of this two body effective potential.
Generalizations
In higher dimensions, with an arbitrary spacetime dimension , the definition of non-relativistic gravitational fields generalizes into
Substituting reproduces the standard 4d definition above.
References
General relativity |
```xml
import React from 'react';
import './fast-refresh';
export declare function App(): React.JSX.Element;
//# sourceMappingURL=qualified-entry.d.ts.map
``` |
Gorga is an Italian surname that may refer to the following notable people:
Carmine Gorga (born 1935), Italian political scientist
Evan Gorga (1865–1957). Italian lyric tenor
Melissa Gorga (born 1979), American television personality, author, singer, designer and businesswoman
Sebastián Gorga (born 1994), Uruguayan football defender
Teresa Giudice (born Gorga in 1972), American television personality, sister-in-law of Melissa
Italian-language surnames |
Automobiles Stabilia was an automobile manufacturer based on the north side of Paris between 1906 and 1930. Although the name of the company changed a couple of times, the cars were branded with the Stabilia name throughout this period. The company specialised in lowered cars featuring a special patented type of suspension.
History of the business
An automobile constructor named Vrard who had previously worked both for Léon Bollée and for De Dion-Bouton prepared his own prototype and presented it at the Paris Motor Show in 1904. However, it was not till 1907 that Vrardy founded his own auto-making business under the name Automobiles Stabilia and located at Neuilly-sur-Seine. In 1911 the company mutated into Giraldy et Vrard, although the cars continued to carry the Stabilia name. Automobile manufacture now took place both at Neuilly-sur-Seine and at premises in nearby Asnières-sur-Seine. The company name changed again, to Vrard et Cie, in 1920, but the cars continued to be presented under the name Stabilia. During the 1920s, by now with just the single production site at Asnières the volumes produced declined, and production ended altogether in 1930.
The cars
The first production model, produced for 1908, was powered by a four-cylinder engine of 2200cc. The car featured an “underslung” chassis (with the axles protruding from above the principal longitudinal chassis elements and not, as was more normal at the time, with the principal chassis elements all mounted above the axles). This provided for a lowered car body that would remain a key element in the appeal of Stabilias. . Between 1912 and 1914 the manufacturer broadened its range, offering cars of 1500cc, 1700cc and 2700cc engine capacity.
Production resumed after the war in 1919, and at the Motor Show in October 1919 the company exhibited a 15HP 4-cylinder powered car with 3168cc of engine displacement and the choice of a or wheelbase. The car was priced by the manufacturer at 20,000 francs in bare chassis form. There was also a 14HP model with a 2800cc engine and a four speed transmission. In 1924 Stabilia still appeared at the Motor show, attracting comment with the car’s low-slung chassis. Between 1924 and 1926 Stabilia was offering cars with bought in engines of 1500cc or 2000cc.
From 1927 a few smaller cars were marketed in collaboration with or under license from Automobiles Gobron. The last car, in 1930, was powered by a straight-eight engine of just 1400cc.
External links
GTÜ Gesellschaft für Technische Überwachung mbH
Reference, sources and notes
Harald Linz, Halwart Schrader: Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie. United Soft Media Verlag, München 2008, .
George Nick Georgano (Chefredakteur): The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 3: P–Z. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, . (englisch)
George Nick Georgano: Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours. Courtille, Paris 1975. (französisch)
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Car manufacturers of France
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1907
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1930
French companies established in 1907
1930 disestablishments in France |
Paracapsulapagurus is an extinct monotypic genus of pagurid hermit crab from the Middle to Upper Maastrichtian in what is now Senegal.
Etymology
The generic name comes from the Greek word παρά (pará, meaning "next to, near") and Capsulapagurus, signifying the genus' close relationship with the respective pagurid Capsulapagurus. The specific name comes from the type locality of Popenguine.
References
Crustaceans described in 2016
Hermit crabs
Prehistoric crustacean genera |
The Global Cement and Concrete Association is an international industry association that was established in 2018. as of 2018, it represented about 35% of the global industry for Cement and Concrete. The association was formed, in part, because the industry wanted to participate in sustainable development conversations, participating in COP24 and COP25. The Organization published guidelines for sustainable cement in 2018.
Members
As of July 2020, GCCA reported 40 members including:
Asia Cement
Breedon
Buzzi Unicem
Cementir Holding N.V.
Cementos Argos
Cementos Molins
Cementos Pacasmayo
Cementos Progreso S.A.
CEMEX
Ciments De L’Atlas (CIMAT)
Çimsa Çimento
CNBM
Corporacion Moctezuma S.A.B. DE C.V.
CRH
Dalmia Cement
Dangote
Eurocement
Grupo Cementos de Chihuahua SAB de CV (GCC)
HeidelbergCement
JSW Cement
LafargeHolcim
Medcem Madencilik
Nesher Israel Cement Enterprises Ltd
Orient Cement Ltd
SCG Cement
Schwenk Zement KG
SECIL
Shree Cement Ltd
Siam City Cement Ltd
Taiheiyo Cement
Taiwan Cement Corporation
Titan Cement
Ultratech
Unión Andina de Cementos S.A.A (UNACEM)
Vassiliko Cement Works Public Company Ltd
Vicat
Votorantim
West China Cement
YTL Cement
References
Trade associations
Cement industry |
Thomas Bergamelli (born 1973) is a retired Italian alpine skier.
Career
He competed in three events at the 1992 Junior World Championships, managing a fourth place in the giant slalom. In the World Cup he would compete in the slalom and giant slalom exclusively.
He made his World Cup debut in December 1994 in Lech, later collecting his first World Cup points with a 20th place in the giant slalom at Tignes in November 1995. Managing once to equal his personal best World Cup placement of 20th, in January 1998 in Saalbach-Hinterglemm, he was a prolific competitor until his last World Cup race in January 2000 in Chamonix.
The four Bergamelli ski brothers
The Bergamellis were four brothers, Sergio (born 1970), Norman (born 1971), Thomas (born 1973) and Giancarlo (born 1974), and all four were World Cup alpine skiers.
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Italian male alpine skiers
Sportspeople from the Province of Bergamo
Skiers from Lombardy |
Dexter Lee (born 18 January 1991) is a Jamaican sprinter who specialises in the 100 and 200 metres. He became the first athlete to win back-to-back titles at World Junior Championships in Athletics when he won the 100 metres in 2008 and 2010.
Career
In 2006, his first international appearance ended with the win of two gold medals (100 metres, and 4x100 metres relay) at the CARIFTA Games., followed by three gold medals (100 metres, 200 metres, and 4x100 metres relay) at the 2007 CARIFTA Games. He won the 100 metres at the 2007 World Youth Championships in Athletics in a time of 10.51 seconds, before backing that up with the 100 metre title at the 2008 World Junior Championships in 10.40 seconds. In 2010, he won the 100 metres at the championships in Moncton with a time of 10.21 seconds. He was disqualified after a false start in the 200 m first round heats. He also won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics.
In October 2009, Lee moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he joined a training group that includes two-time Olympic 200m champion Veronica Campbell-Brown. He has plans to enroll in a junior college in Atlanta.
Lee is a former student of Herbert Morrison Technical High School in Montego Bay. He is one of nine children—seven boys and two girls—and his older brother Keniel was himself a finalist in the Jamaican high school championships 100 metres.
Personal Bests
Achievements
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Montego Bay
Jamaican male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 Pan American Games
World Athletics Championships winners
Pan American Games competitors for Jamaica |
James Warren Benton (September 25, 1916 – March 28, 2001) was an American football player. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cleveland / Los Angeles Rams and the Chicago Bears between 1938 and 1947. Benton was the first NFL receiver to gain more than 300 yards in a game, a record that stood for 40 years. He was selected for the National Football League 1940s All-Decade Team.
College career
In 1934, he began his college career at Arkansas and set receiving records unheard of at the time. In 1936, Arkansas defeated Texas 6–0 on a Benton touchdown reception and won its first official Southwest Conference (SWC) championship. In spite of his sophomore year statistics not being included, he finished his career with 83 receptions for 1,303 yards and 12 touchdowns. Despite fewer games and shorter period of sports eligibility compared to today (as well as less emphasis on passing in the era), his receiving statistics stand as the 12th-best career total among Razorbacks. His 48 receptions remained a SWC record until 1963 and an Arkansas record until 1971. In spite of playing more than 70 years ago, he still ranks among the career receiving leaders in the history of Arkansas football.
Benton was selected to several All-America teams following the 1937 season when he led the NCAA in receptions. In 1937, he set the NCAA record in pass receiving with 48 catches for 814 yards and 7 touchdowns. He was all SWC in 1936 and 1937. In 1937, he received the Houston Post Award as the outstanding player of the year in the Southwest Conference, was named first-team All American by the North American Newspaper Alliance and was a member of the College All Star team. He was selected to the Arkansas All-Century team in 1994.
Benton also lettered in basketball for the Razorbacks in 1937 and 1938, with the team winning the 1938 Southwest Conference title.
Professional career
Benton began his NFL career in 1938 with the Cleveland Rams, after being drafted number 11 in the second round. He had a nine-year career, all with the Rams except for one year with the Chicago Bears. In 1941, he dropped out of pro football to coach high school football at Fordyce, Arkansas but returned to the Rams in 1942.
In his first season with the Rams, he led the league with 19.9 average yards per catch, and was third in both receiving yards and touchdowns. He was named to the 1939 Pro Bowl team after leading the league with seven touchdown receptions.
In 1943 due to the depletion of players called to military service, the Rams disbanded, and Benton who had been rejected for military service due to a heart murmur, was loaned to the Chicago Bears. During the season, he caught two touchdown passes to help Sid Luckman set the NFL single game record of seven touchdowns in defeating the New York Giants and caught a touchdown pass in Chicago's world championship victory over the Washington Redskins.
In 1944, back with the Rams, Benton made NFL history by catching 8 consecutive passes for 3 touchdowns against the Cardinal-Steelers. At season's end, he was the second ranked receiver behind fellow Arkansas native Don Hutson.
In 1945, in spite of playing only nine games, Benton ended the season leading the NFL with 1,087 yards receiving. He had 45 receptions and eight touchdowns. He averaged 118.6 yards receiving a game with his longest reception for 84 yards and a touchdown. He went over 100 yards receiving in six of his nine games. His most notable game was on Thanksgiving Day against the Detroit Lions, catching ten Bob Waterfield passes for 303 yards, helping the Rams win the divisional title. This broke Hutson's single game record and stood as the NFL single game record for over 40 years. Benton had nine receptions for 125 yards and a touchdown in the Ram's 15–14 victory over the Redskins in the NFL Championship game. Benton's 1945 performance ranks 7th all time in fewest receptions for 1,000 yards.
In 1946, Benton led the NFL with 63 receptions and with 981 yards receiving. During the season his most notable game was against the New York Giants when he had twelve receptions for 202 yards.
Benton was the top ranked NFL receiver in 1945 and 1946. He was consensus all-NFL in 1945 and 1946 and second-team All Pro in 1939 and 1944. He was ranked among the NFL's top five receivers in six of his nine seasons.
When he retired in 1947, Benton was the second leading receiver in pro football history with 288 receptions for 4,801 yards and 45 touchdowns. He had at least 11 games over 100 yards receiving (according to The ESPN Pro Football Encyclopedia Second Edition), including a 300-yard game and a 200-yard game. He averaged 533 yards per season and 55 yards per game. Benton played on two world championships, 1943 with the Chicago Bears and 1945 with the Cleveland Rams. He led every major receiving category in the NFL at least once. After having retired over 70 years ago, he remains in the career top 15 major receiving category for the Rams franchise.
In 2005, he was named to the Professional Football Researchers Association Hall of Very Good in the association's third HOVG class.
In 2008, sports historian, writer, statistician, and archivist Sean Lahman had Benton ranked as 54th best wide receiver in the history of the NFL in his award-winning book "The Pro Football Historical Abstract / A Hardcore Fan's Guide to All-Time Player Rankings".
In 2010, ESPN.COM rated Jim Benton's 10 catches for 303 yards on Thanksgiving Day against the Detroit Lions as the greatest regular season receiving performance in NFL history.
In 2013, Benton was ranked as the 34th best receiver in pro football history by footballperspective.com.
Coaching career
In 1948, Benton helped coach the Ram receivers, including future Hall of Famer Tom Fears. Also, in later years, at the request of George Halas, he helped coach the Bears' receivers.
From 1951 to 1953, Benton was head football coach at Arkansas Agricultural and Mechanical College—now known University of Arkansas at Monticello— leading the team to their first ever Arkansas Intercollegiate Conference (AIC) title in 1953 with a record of 7–1. He was named the AIC coach of the year in 1953 by the Arkansas Democrat.
After coaching, Benton went into the oil business.
Hall of Fame
Benton was inducted into the Dallas County Sports Hall of Fame, the UAM Sports Hall of Fame, The Arkansas Sports Hall of Honor, The Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame, and, in 1997 was named a Living Legend of Southeast Conference football. He was named to the Arkansas Razorback All Century Team, the Rams All Time Team and the Pro Football Hall of Fame 1940s All Decade Team.
Head coaching record
See also
List of NCAA major college football yearly receiving leaders
References
Further reading
Dan Daly & Bob O’Donnel: The Pro Football Chronicle, (1990).
Bob Carroll: Total Football II, HarperCollins, 1999.
Sean Lahman: The Pro Football Historical Abstract / A Hardcore Fan's Guide to All-Time Player Rankings, The Lyons Press, Guilford (CT), 2008 (p. 168).
Michael McCambridge: ESPN College Football Encyclopedia, ESPN Books, 2005.
The ESPN Pro Football Encyclopedia, Second Edition, 2007.
Richard Whittingham: What a Game They Played, Harper and Row, 1984.
Orville Henry and Jim Bailey: A Story of Arkansas Football, 1996.
University of Arkansas Razorback Football Guide.
Sid Luckman: Passing for Touchdowns, Ziff Davis, 1948.
External links
1916 births
2001 deaths
American football ends
Arkansas Razorbacks football players
Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball players
Arkansas–Monticello Boll Weevils football coaches
Cleveland Rams players
Chicago Bears players
Los Angeles Rams players
Players of American football from Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Deaths from cancer in Arkansas
American men's basketball players |
Harrisongs Ltd is a music publishing company, founded in 1964 by English musician and songwriter George Harrison, then a member of the Beatles. On 11 September 1964, Harrison created Mornyork Ltd, which, by 7 December that year, had changed its name to Harrisongs Ltd. The company is headquartered at 27 Ovington Square in London's Knightsbridge district, in the same building that houses the Beatles' Apple Corps.
Harrison's earliest Beatles compositions were published by Northern Songs, the company set up in 1963 by Dick James and Brian Epstein on behalf of John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who were the main songwriting Beatles. Harrison and Ringo Starr had both signed contracts with Northern Songs, but neither was satisfied with their subsequent writer's royalties and the lowly status implicit in this business arrangement. In 1967, Harrison wrote "Only a Northern Song" about his dissatisfaction with the company. He duly let his Northern Songs contract expire in March 1968 and adopted Harrisongs for his music publishing, while Starr founded Startling Music.
Harrison's 1968 solo album Wonderwall Music was the last release on which his new compositions were published by Northern Songs and its US counterpart, Maclen Music. That year, Harrisongs published "Sour Milk Sea", together with his four contributions to the Beatles' eponymous double album, including "While My Guitar Gently Weeps".
Harrison's two songs on the band's 1969 album Abbey Road, "Here Comes the Sun" and "Something", became the most widely syndicated compositions from that album, due in part to the number of cover versions they attracted. With over 150 cover recordings and the enduring popularity of the Beatles' version, "Something" provided Harrisongs with what author Mark Lewisohn terms "a rich flow of royalties down the years". Lewisohn also comments that, with Harrison's ownership of the company increasing from 80 per cent to 100 per cent in 1970, the move from Northern Songs proved especially beneficial, as disagreements between Lennon and McCartney had resulted in them losing control and much of the revenue generated from their songs.
Harrison's company also published his early post-Beatles solo work, including the songs from All Things Must Pass. In 1973, Harrison assigned the publishing rights for his new album, Living in the Material World, to the Material World Charitable Foundation, a Harrisongs-administered charitable organisation he set up to aid starving countries.
His songs from 1974's Dark Horse onwards were originally published by Ganga Publishing, B.V. in the United States and Oops Publishing in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world. They are now published by Umlaut Corporation, which is controlled by the composer's widow, Olivia Harrison. As of 2016, the Harrisongs catalogue is administered worldwide by the Bicycle Music Company, a division of Concord Music.
Harrisongs is also the publishing company for Harrison's son Dhani's indie rock band, thenewno2. This portion is administered by BMG Rights Management.
See also
:Category:Music published by Oops Publishing and Ganga Publishing, B.V.
References
Music publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Publishing companies established in 1964
1964 establishments in the United Kingdom
George Harrison |
In the Mood with Tyrone Davis is a Tyrone Davis album released in 1979. This was his fourth Columbia Records release.
Singles
The album's lead single, "In the Mood", peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart. The follow-up, "Ain't Nothing I Can Do", reached No. 72 on the soul singles chart.
Track listing
"In the Mood" (Darryl Ellis, Paul Richmond, Ruben Locke Jr.) – 4:12
"You Know What to Do" (Leo Graham) – 5:51
"I Can't Wait" (Leo Graham) – 3:55
"Keep On Dancin'" (Leo Graham, Paul Richmond) – 3:40
"I Don't Think You Heard Me" (Eddie Fisher, Leo Graham) – 4:02
"Ain't Nothing I Can Do" (Leo Graham, Paul Richmond) – 4:47
"All the Love I Need" (Leo Graham, Paul Richmond) – 3:42
"We Were in Love Then" (Walter Hatchet) – 4:01
Bonus tracks
Personnel
Tyrone Davis – lead vocals
Calvin Bridges, James Mack – keyboards
Terry Fryer – synth
Bernard Reed, Paul Richmond, Ron Harris – bass
Eddie Fisher, Keith Howard, Morris Jennings, Quinton Joseph, Ruben Locke Jr., Stephen Cobb – drums
Billy Durham, Charles Colbert, Cynthia Harrell, Darryl Ellis, James Mack, Leo Graham, Mary Ann Stewart, Paul Richmond, Ruben Locke Jr., Vivian Haywood – background vocals
Steele 'Sonny' Seals* – saxophone
James Mack – alto flute
John Avante, Stephen Berry – trombone
Bobby Lewis, Charles Handy, Lionel Bordelon – trumpet
Charts
References
External links
1979 albums
Tyrone Davis albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums produced by Leo Graham (songwriter) |
Silence Suzuka (Japanese : サイレンススズカ; May 1, 1994 - November 1, 1998) was a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Grade I Takarazuka Kinen in 1998. In the same year, his career and life were cut short by an injury suffered during the running of the 1998 Tenno Sho.
Silence Suzuka was the inspiration for a main character of the same name in the 2018 anime Uma Musume Pretty Derby.
Racing career
Silence Suzuka was unbeatable on the turf from 7 furlongs to 10 furlongs, and in 1998 year he was one of the greatest turf racehorses. His career ended when he was euthanized in the middle of the 1998 Autumn Tenno Sho.
Pedigree
See also
List of racehorses
External links
The video of the race that Silence Suzuka won
Silence Suzuka's pedigree
1994 racehorse births
1998 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Japan
Racehorses trained in Japan
Thoroughbred family 9
Horses who died from racing injuries |
The Eurovision Song Contest 1958 was the third edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster (NTS), the contest, originally known as the () was held on Wednesday 12 March 1958 at the AVRO Studios in Hilversum, the Netherlands and hosted by Dutch television presenter Hannie Lips. This marked the first time that the contest was hosted in the country of the preceding year's winner, a tradition that has been continued ever since (with some exceptions).
Ten countries participated, equalling the number which took part the previous year; made its first appearance in the contest, while the decided not to participate.
The winner of the contest was , represented by the song "" performed by André Claveau, marking the first of five eventual wins for the country. Another entry however made a greater impact following the contest; the Italian entry, "" performed by Domenico Modugno which had placed third, became a worldwide hit for Modugno, winning two Grammy Awards in 1959 and becoming a chart success in several countries.
Location
The 1958 contest took place in Hilversum, the Netherlands. The selected venue was the AVRO Studios, which served at the time as the main radio and television broadcasting facilities of the Dutch broadcaster AVRO. Often called "media city", Hilversum is the principal centre for radio and television broadcasting in the Netherlands and is the location of several of the organisations that make up the (NPO) public broadcasting organisation.
Although they had won in 1957, the Netherlands' did not receive automatic rights to host the contest, as the convention in place at the time specified that each broadcaster would stage the event in turns. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) had been the first choice to stage the event in the United Kingdom, but gave up the rights after failing to reach agreement with artistic unions. Subsequently the Dutch broadcaster, (NTS), only received the rights to host the event after other broadcasters declined the opportunity. This established the tradition that the previous year's winner would host it the following year.
Participating countries
Ten countries participated in the 1958 contest, the same number as had featured in the previous year's event. Sweden entered the contest for the first time, while the United Kingdom decided not to compete, despite having originally intended to participate and being listed as one of the participating countries in the original rules dated November 1957.
Several of the participants had previously competed in the contest. Switzerland's Lys Assia and the Netherlands' Corry Brokken had both represented their countries in 1956 and 1957, and were both former winners; Assia was the first winner of the contest in 1956 with the song "", and had also performed Switzerland's other entry in that contest "", while Brokken had performed "" in the 1956 contest, one of the Netherlands' two entries, and was then the winner the following year with the song "". Belgium's Fud Leclerc had also competed in the 1956 contest, performing "", one of his country's two entries, and Margot Hielscher returned to perform for Germany for a second year in a row, having competed in 1957 with "".
Format
The contest was organised and broadcast by NTS, with Piet te Nuyl Jr. serving as producer, Gijs Stappershoef serving as director, and Dolf van der Linden serving as musical director, leading the during the event. Each country was allowed to nominate their own musical director to lead the orchestra during the performance of their country's entry, with the host musical director also conducting for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.
Held in one of the studios of the AVRO broadcasting complex, the hall contained a small stage for the singers, with the orchestra situated stage right. The rear of the performance area had interchangeable backgrounds for each song to add context to each song's lyrics, which could also be removed to show the scoreboard during the voting sequence, and the venue was decorated with thousands of tulips.
No significant changes to the rules of the 1957 contest were implemented; each country, participating through one EBU member broadcaster, was represented by one song performed by up to two people on stage. Due to several entries having violated the duration limit in the previous event, the maximum song limit of 3 minutes and 30 seconds was more stringently enforced for this year's entries. The voting system was the same as the one used the previous year; the results were determined through jury voting, with each country's jury containing ten individuals who each gave one vote to their favourite song, with no abstentions allowed and with jurors unable to vote for their own country.
Contest overview
The contest was held on 12 March 1958, beginning at 21:00 CET (20:00 UTC) with an approximate duration of 1 hour and 10 minutes. The contest was hosted by Dutch presenter Hannie Lips. A performance by the featured as the interval act between the final competing performance and the commencement of the voting results, which included a rendition of . In addition, after the first five songs, the Metropole Orkest performed the "Wedding Dance" from the Symphonic Suite “Hasseneh” by as an interval act to give the juries a break to deliberate.
During the live transmission of the contest several countries were unable to see or hear the Italian entry, which was the first act to perform, due to a technical fault, and it was subsequently allowed to perform again after the last song.
The winner was represented by the song "", composed by Pierre Delanoë, written by Hubert Giraud and performed by André Claveau. This was the first of an eventual five contest victories that France would go on to achieve.
The Italian entry, "" performed by Domenico Modugno, went on to become a worldwide success, and was one of the first Eurovision songs to achieve notability outside of the contest. Popularly known as "Volare", the song went to number one in the US Billboard Hot 100, as well as reaching the top 5 in singles charts in Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands and Norway, and the top 10 in the United Kingdom, and was named Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the first edition of the Grammy Awards held in May 1959. The song has been covered by several artists, including Dean Martin, Dalida and Gipsy Kings, and many new versions with lyrics in different languages have been produced. "" was also nominated in 2005 to compete in Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, a special broadcast to determine the contest's most popular entry of its first 50 years as part of the contest's anniversary celebrations. One of 14 entries chosen to compete, "" ultimately finished in second place behind "Waterloo", ABBA's winning song from the .
Spokespersons
Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1958 contest are listed below.
Armand Lanoux
Tage Danielsson
Detailed voting results
The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in reverse order to the order in which each country performed.
Broadcasts
Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants".
No official accounts of the viewing figures are known to exist. In his introductory remarks, the Dutch commentator stated that a total number of "about 25 million viewers" across Europe could be estimated.
Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.
Notes and references
Notes
References
External links
1958
Music festivals in the Netherlands
1958 in music
1958 in the Netherlands
March 1958 events in Europe
Events in Hilversum
Music in Hilversum |
```python
# This file is part of rdiff-backup.
#
# rdiff-backup is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# option) any later version.
#
# rdiff-backup is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
#
# along with rdiff-backup; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
# 02110-1301, USA
"""Manage logging, displaying and recording messages with required verbosity"""
import datetime
import os # needed to grab verbosity as environment variable
import re
import shutil
import sys
import textwrap
import typing
import traceback
from rdiff_backup import Globals
LOGFILE_ENCODING = "utf-8"
# type definitions
Verbosity = typing.Literal[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] # : typing.TypeAlias
InputVerbosity = typing.Union[int, str] # : typing.TypeAlias
# we need to define constants
NONE: Verbosity = 0 # are always output as-is on stdout
ERROR: Verbosity = 1
WARNING: Verbosity = 2
NOTE: Verbosity = 3
INFO: Verbosity = 5
DEBUG: Verbosity = 8
TIMESTAMP: Verbosity = 9 # for adding the timestamp
# mapping from severity to prefix (must be less than 9 characters)
_LOG_PREFIX: dict[Verbosity, str] = {
NONE: "",
ERROR: "ERROR:",
WARNING: "WARNING:",
NOTE: "NOTE:",
INFO: "*",
DEBUG: "DEBUG:",
}
class LoggerError(Exception):
pass
class Logger:
"""All functions which deal with logging"""
def __init__(self):
self.log_file_open = None
self.log_file_local = None
# if something wrong happens during initialization, we want to know
self.file_verbosity: Verbosity = NONE
self.term_verbosity: Verbosity = WARNING
def __call__(self, message, verbosity):
"""
Log message that has verbosity importance
message can be a string or bytes
"""
if verbosity > self.file_verbosity and verbosity > self.term_verbosity:
return
if not isinstance(message, (bytes, str)):
raise TypeError(
"You can only log bytes or str, and not {lt}".format(lt=type(message))
)
if verbosity <= self.file_verbosity:
self.log_to_file(message, verbosity)
if verbosity <= self.term_verbosity:
self.log_to_term(message, verbosity)
# @API(Log.log_to_file, 200)
def log_to_file(self, message, verbosity=None):
"""Write the message to the log file, if possible"""
if self.log_file_open:
if self.log_file_local:
tmpstr = self._format(message, self.file_verbosity, verbosity)
self.logfp.write(_to_bytes(tmpstr))
self.logfp.flush()
else:
self.log_file_conn.log.Log.log_to_file(message, verbosity)
def log_to_term(self, message, verbosity):
"""Write message to stdout/stderr"""
if verbosity in {ERROR, WARNING} or Globals.server:
termfp = sys.stderr
else:
termfp = sys.stdout
tmpstr = self._format(message, self.term_verbosity, verbosity)
# if the verbosity is below 9 and the string isn't deemed
# pre-formatted by newlines (we ignore the last character)
if self.file_verbosity <= DEBUG and "\n" not in tmpstr[:-1]:
termfp.write(
textwrap.fill(
tmpstr,
subsequent_indent=" " * 9,
break_long_words=False,
break_on_hyphens=False,
width=shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - 1,
)
+ "\n"
)
else:
termfp.write(tmpstr)
def conn(self, direction, result, req_num):
"""Log some data on the connection
The main worry with this function is that something in here
will create more network traffic, which will spiral to
infinite regress. So, for instance, logging must only be done
to the terminal, because otherwise the log file may be remote.
"""
if self.term_verbosity <= DEBUG:
return
if type(result) is bytes:
result_repr = repr(result)
else:
result_repr = str(result)
# shorten the result to a max size of 720 chars with ellipsis if needed
# result_repr = result_repr[:720] + (result_repr[720:] and '[...]') # noqa: E265
if Globals.server:
conn_str = "Server"
else:
conn_str = "Client"
self.log_to_term(
"{cs} {di} ({rn}): {rr}".format(
cs=conn_str, di=direction, rn=req_num, rr=result_repr
),
DEBUG,
)
def FatalError(self, message, return_code=1):
"""Log a fatal error and exit"""
self.log_to_term("Fatal Error: {em}".format(em=message), ERROR)
sys.exit(return_code)
def exception(self, only_terminal=0, verbosity=INFO):
"""Log an exception and traceback
If only_terminal is zero, log normally.
If it is 1, then only log to disk if log file is local
If it is 2, don't log to disk at all.
"""
assert only_terminal in (
0,
1,
2,
), "Variable only_terminal '{ot}' must be one of [012]".format(ot=only_terminal)
if only_terminal == 0 or (only_terminal == 1 and self.log_file_open):
logging_func = self.__call__
else:
logging_func = self.log_to_term
if verbosity >= self.term_verbosity:
return
exception_string = self._exception_to_string()
try:
logging_func(exception_string, verbosity)
except OSError:
print("OS error while trying to log exception!")
print(exception_string)
# @API(Log.set_verbosity, 300)
def set_verbosity(
self,
file_verbosity: InputVerbosity,
term_verbosity: typing.Union[InputVerbosity, None] = None,
) -> int:
"""
Set verbosity levels, logfile and terminal. Takes numbers or strings.
The function makes sure that verbosities are only modified if both
input values are correct.
If not provided, the terminal verbosity is set from the logfile one.
Returns an integer code.
"""
try:
# we set a temporary verbosity to make sure we overwrite the
# actual one only if both values are correct
tmp_verbosity: Verbosity = self.validate_verbosity(file_verbosity)
if term_verbosity is None:
self.term_verbosity = tmp_verbosity
else:
self.term_verbosity = self.validate_verbosity(term_verbosity)
except ValueError:
return Globals.RET_CODE_ERR
else:
self.file_verbosity = tmp_verbosity
return Globals.RET_CODE_OK
def open_logfile(self, log_rp):
"""Inform all connections of an open logfile.
log_rp.conn will write to the file, and the others will pass
write commands off to it.
"""
assert not self.log_file_open, "Can't open an already opened logfile"
log_rp.conn.log.Log.open_logfile_local(log_rp)
for conn in Globals.connections:
conn.log.Log.open_logfile_allconn(log_rp.conn)
# @API(Log.open_logfile_allconn, 200)
def open_logfile_allconn(self, log_file_conn):
"""Run on all connections to signal log file is open"""
self.log_file_open = 1
self.log_file_conn = log_file_conn
# @API(Log.open_logfile_local, 200)
def open_logfile_local(self, log_rp):
"""Open logfile locally - should only be run on one connection"""
assert (
log_rp.conn is Globals.local_connection
), "Action only foreseen locally and not over {conn}".format(conn=log_rp.conn)
try:
self.logfp = log_rp.open("ab")
except OSError as exc:
raise LoggerError(
"Unable to open logfile {lf} due to "
"exception '{ex}'".format(lf=log_rp, ex=exc)
)
self.log_file_local = 1
def close_logfile(self):
"""Close logfile and inform all connections"""
if self.log_file_open:
for conn in Globals.connections:
conn.log.Log.close_logfile_allconn()
self.log_file_conn.log.Log.close_logfile_local()
# @API(Log.close_logfile_allconn, 200)
def close_logfile_allconn(self):
"""Run on every connection"""
self.log_file_open = None
# @API(Log.close_logfile_local, 200)
def close_logfile_local(self):
"""Run by logging connection - close logfile"""
assert (
self.log_file_conn is Globals.local_connection
), "Action only foreseen locally and not over {lc}".format(
lc=self.log_file_conn
)
self.logfp.close()
self.log_file_local = None
def _exception_to_string(self):
"""Return string version of current exception"""
type, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
s = "Exception '%s' raised of class '%s':\n%s" % (
value,
type,
"".join(traceback.format_tb(tb)),
)
return s
def _format(self, message, verbosity, msg_verbosity):
"""Format the message, possibly adding date information"""
if verbosity <= DEBUG:
# pre-formatted informative messages are returned as such
if msg_verbosity in {NONE, INFO} and "\n" in message[:-1]:
return "{msg}\n".format(msg=message)
else:
return "{pre:<9}{msg}\n".format(
pre=_LOG_PREFIX[msg_verbosity], msg=message
)
else:
timestamp = (
datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
.astimezone()
.strftime("%F %H:%M:%S.%f %z")
)
if Globals.server:
role = "SERVER"
else:
role = "CLIENT"
return "{time} <{role}-{pid}> {pre} {msg}\n".format(
time=timestamp,
role=role,
pid=os.getpid(),
pre=_LOG_PREFIX[msg_verbosity],
msg=message,
)
@classmethod
def validate_verbosity(cls, input_verbosity: InputVerbosity) -> Verbosity:
"""
Validate verbosity and returns its value as integer.
The input value can be a string or an integer, between 0 and 9.
Any wrong value raises a ValueError exception.
"""
try:
verbosity = int(input_verbosity)
except ValueError:
Log(
"Verbosity must be a number, received '{vb}' "
"instead".format(vb=input_verbosity),
ERROR,
)
raise ValueError
if verbosity in typing.get_args(Verbosity):
return typing.cast(Verbosity, verbosity)
else:
Log(
"Verbosity must be between 0 and 9, received '{vb}' "
"instead".format(vb=verbosity),
ERROR,
)
raise ValueError
Log = Logger()
class ErrorLog:
"""
Log each recoverable error in error_log file
There are three types of recoverable errors: ListError, which
happens trying to list a directory or stat a file, UpdateError,
which happen when trying to update a changed file, and
SpecialFileError, which happen when a special file cannot be
created. See the error policy file for more info.
"""
_log_fileobj = None
@classmethod
def open(cls, data_dir, time_string, compress=True):
"""Open the error log, prepare for writing"""
assert not cls._log_fileobj, "Log already open, can't be reopened"
base_rp = data_dir.append("error_log.%s.data" % time_string)
if compress: # FIXME extract MaybeGzip from rpath and make it utils?
from rdiff_backup import rpath
cls._log_fileobj = rpath.MaybeGzip(base_rp)
else:
cls._log_fileobj = base_rp.open("wb", compress=0)
@classmethod
# @API(ErrorLog.isopen, 200)
def isopen(cls):
"""True if the error log file is currently open"""
if Globals.isbackup_writer or not Globals.backup_writer:
return cls._log_fileobj is not None
else:
return Globals.backup_writer.log.ErrorLog.isopen()
@classmethod
# @API(ErrorLog.write_if_open, 200)
def write_if_open(cls, error_type, rp, exc):
"""Call cls._write(...) if error log open, only log otherwise"""
if not Globals.isbackup_writer and Globals.backup_writer:
return Globals.backup_writer.log.ErrorLog.write_if_open(error_type, rp, exc)
if cls.isopen():
cls._write(error_type, rp, exc)
else:
Log(cls._get_log_string(error_type, rp, exc), WARNING)
@classmethod
def close(cls):
"""Close the error log file"""
if cls.isopen():
cls._log_fileobj.close()
cls._log_fileobj = None
@classmethod
def _get_log_string(cls, error_type, rp, exc):
"""Return log string to put in error log"""
assert (
error_type == "ListError"
or error_type == "UpdateError"
or error_type == "SpecialFileError"
), "Unknown error type {et}".format(et=error_type)
return "{et}: '{rp}' {ex}".format(et=error_type, rp=rp, ex=exc)
@classmethod
def _write(cls, error_type, rp, exc):
"""Add line to log file indicating error exc with file rp"""
logstr = cls._get_log_string(error_type, rp, exc)
Log(logstr, WARNING)
if Globals.null_separator:
logstr += "\0"
else:
logstr = re.sub("\n", " ", logstr)
logstr += "\n"
cls._log_fileobj.write(_to_bytes(logstr))
def _to_bytes(logline, encoding=LOGFILE_ENCODING):
"""
Convert string into bytes for logging into file.
"""
assert logline, "There must be a text to encode"
assert isinstance(logline, str), "Text to encode must be str and not {lt}".format(
lt=type(logline)
)
return logline.encode(encoding, "backslashreplace")
``` |
The Benetton B200 was the car with which the Benetton Formula One team competed in the 2000 Formula One season. It was driven by Giancarlo Fisichella and Alexander Wurz, both in their third season with the team. Hidetoshi Mitsusada was appointed the teams test driver, before being dropped in May.
Design and development
The B200 was launched in January 2000 in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya alongside being broadcast on their new website that launched in the same month. Tim Densham was appointed Chief Designer for the B200, replacing the outgoing Nick Wirth. Densham had previously worked on the aborted Honda RA099 project. The B200 sought to return to basics, after the complex B199 from the season before often suffered poor reliability. The B200 featured a new engine, the Playlife FB02 manufactured by Supertec, which was tailor made for the B200.
Prior to the season, the team took part in both the January testing at Barcelona and February testing at Jerez and Barcelona. In February, the team unveiled their new Human Performance Centre linked with driver development for the 2000 season.
The B200 was primarily sponsored by the Mild Seven tobacco brand, and continued to be painted in a sky blue colour. Alongside this, the team retained sponsorship from the likes of D2, whilst adding new partners Marconi and MTCI.
Renault
Following the first Grand Prix of the season, it was announced Renault would purchase the Benetton team from the Benetton Family. The $120million deal, saw Renault join as a key sponsor for the B200, and successor B201 before Renault took full ownership of the team in 2002.
Racing performance
The B200 got off to a successful start, scoring two points with Fisichella in the first race of the season. Ahead of the Brazilian Grand Prix, Rocco Benetton's successor Flavio Briatore returned to the team having been appointed by Renault at Team Principal. He oversaw the team secure a podium finish, again with Fisichella, as he finished in third place at Interlagos. Days later he would be promoted to second place after David Coulthard was disqualified.
After the initial success, the following three Grand Prix were barren for the team with no points scored. Prior to the European Grand Prix, the team dropped test driver Mitsusada following underperformance in F3000. They quickly recruited Antonio Pizzonia who began testing and development duties in the B200. For their backroom team, it was also announced Mike Gascoyne would join from Jordan Grand Prix for 2001.
At the European Grand Prix, Fisichella finished 5th adding two more points to the B200's total. He would go on to secure back to back podiums in Monaco and later Canada, thanks to a one stop pit strategy. However, the good fortune was short lived as he retired from four of the next five Grand Prix.
In comparison to Fisichella, Wurz had a poor season. It took until the Italian Grand Prix to score his first points of the season, finishing 5th. During the season it was speculated that Pizzonia would replace him, and by August Jenson Button was signed for the team ahead of 2001.
Wurz's efforts at Monza would be the final points scored for the B200 in the 2000 season. The team finished fourth in the Constructors' Championship, tied with British American Racing on 20 points, but placed ahead due to Fisichella's three podium finishes.
Following the conclusion of the season, future double Formula One World Champion Fernando Alonso tested the Benetton B200. Future race winner Mark Webber was appointed 2001 test driver and also completed laps in the B200, at Estoril Circuit.
Complete Formula One results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)
* Denotes Supertec-built engines, badged as Playlife
References
B200
2000 Formula One season cars |
Stenolechia kodamai is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Japan (Honshu) and Korea (Yeonpyeongdo and Decheongdo).
The wingspan is about 8 mm. Adults are similar to Stenolechia bathrodyas, but lack the yellow scales on the forewings.
The larvae feed on Pinus densiflora. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
References
Moths described in 1962
Stenolechia |
This is a list of notable ice cream parlor chains. Ice cream parlors are places that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and/or frozen yogurt to consumers. Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is typically dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g. chocolate, vanilla, and a mix of the two). It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer several ice cream flavors and items.
Ice cream parlor chains
Amorino
Abbott's Frozen Custard
Amy's Ice Creams
Andy's Frozen Custard
Angelo Brocato's
Australian Homemade
Bakdash
Baskin-Robbins
Beacon Drive-In
Ben & Jerry's
Berthillon
Big Gay Ice Cream
Blue Bell Creameries
Braum's
Brigham's Ice Cream
Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory
Bruster's Ice Cream
Cadwalader's Ice Cream
Carl's Ice Cream
Carvel
Ciao Bella Gelato Company
Cold Rock Ice Creamery
Cold Stone Creamery
Coolhaus
Coppelia
Cows Creamery
Culver's
Dairy Queen
Dewar's Candy Shop
Emack & Bolio's
Fentons Creamery
Fosters Freeze
Four Seas Ice Cream
Freddy's Frozen Custard & Steakburgers
Friendly's
G&D's
Giolitti
Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard
Graeter's
Grido Helado
Häagen-Dazs
Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt
Happy Joe's
Herrell's Ice Cream
High's Dairy Store
Island Creamery
Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams
KaleidoScoops
Kaspa's
Kopp's Frozen Custard
Kawartha Dairy Company
Kline's Dairy Bar
Lappert's
Lares Ice Cream Parlor
Laura Secord Chocolates
Llaollao
MADO
MaggieMoo's Ice Cream and Treatery
Marble Slab Creamery
Margie's Candies
Mauds Ice Creams
Max and Mina's
Meadows Frozen Custard
Menchie's Frozen Yogurt
Movenpick
Natural Ice Cream
New Zealand Natural
Newport Creamery
Oberweis Dairy
Paletería La Michoacana
Penn State University Creamery
Rita's Italian Ice
Salt & Straw
Sanders Confectionery
Sarris Candies
Shake Shack
Shake's Frozen Custard
Sonic Drive-In
Sprinkles Ice Cream
Strickland's Frozen Custard
Swensen's
TCBY
Tastee-Freez
Ted Drewes
Toscanini's
Tropical Sno
Twistee Treat
United Dairy Farmers
Vic's Ice Cream
Wendy's Supa Sundaes
Whitey's Ice Cream
Defunct
Bresler's Ice Cream
Farrell's Ice Cream Parlour
Jahn's
Steve's Ice Cream
See also
List of casual dining restaurant chains
List of desserts
List of fast food restaurants
List of frozen yogurt companies
List of ice cream brands
List of ice cream flavors
Lists of restaurants
References
External links
Lists of companies by industry
Lists of restaurants |
The Gem (1907–1939) was a story paper published in Great Britain by Amalgamated Press in the early 20th century, predominantly featuring the activities of boys at the fictional school St. Jim's. These stories were all written using the pen-name of "Martin Clifford," the majority by Charles Hamilton (who was more widely known as "Frank Richards," the creator of Billy Bunter). Many issues also included a shorter serial story (a variety of detective, school, and adventure yarns were featured); these parts of the paper were not written by Charles Hamilton.
The most famous St Jim's characters were Tom Merry and Arthur Augustus D'Arcy, better known as Gussy, both of whom featured on many of the covers. A regular illustrator was R. J. Macdonald.
History
The first series (issues 1-48)
The first issue appeared in February 1907 and featured an adventure story (as did issues 2, 4-6, 8, and 10). The first school story appeared in issue number 3, dated 10 March 1907, and introduced Tom Merry as a new boy at a school called Clavering College. In issue number 11, Clavering was closed down and the boys and masters transferred to St Jim's, a school which had previously featured in a boys' paper called Pluck. From then onwards a long story of St Jim's became the main weekly feature of The Gem.
The second series (issues 1-1663)
In the week ending 15 February 1908, The Gem started a new series, prompted by Amalgamated Press starting a new school story paper called The Magnet. Both the first and second series used a distinctive blue/green cover and the vast majority of stories were written by Charles Hamilton.
In 1919, the blue/green cover was replaced with a white cover and over the following years, Hamilton produced a reducing number of stories until by the mid-1920s, he only provided a minority of the stories that appeared, and in 1929 he produced no stories at all. Following a suggestion by Eric Fayne (who was a headmaster and a Charles Hamilton enthusiast) in 1931, The Gem started reprinting the early stories, beginning with the arrival of Tom Merry at St Jim's in issue 1221. This policy continued until spring 1939 when Hamilton was persuaded to resume writing for the paper starting with issue 1625.
In 1933 the paper was merged with The Nelson Lee Library.
The paper ceased publication in December 1939, the result of declining circulation (down to 15,800 copies a week) and wartime paper shortages.
See also
The Magnet
Charles Hamilton
Tom Merry
References
Notes
Sources
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
External links
Friardale Hamilton material
Collecting Books and Magazines Detailed article
Greyfriars Index Detailed listing of Hamilton material
The Friars Club Enthusiasts' Club
Bunterzone Enthusiasts' site
Index of Boys Weeklies
British boys' story papers
Publications established in 1907
Publications disestablished in 1939
1907 establishments in the United Kingdom
1939 disestablishments in the United Kingdom |
The 1971 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season.
In their third year under head coach Fred Prender, the Bison compiled a 5–5 record. Joe DiOrio and John Klenovic were the team captains.
Bucknell played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.
Schedule
References
Bucknell
Bucknell Bison football seasons
Bucknell Bison football |
Phil Goldstone (1893–1963) was a Polish-born American film producer and director. He was also a real estate developer in Palm Springs. Goldstone was involved with low-budget Poverty Row companies such as Majestic Pictures.
Selected filmography
Director
A Western Adventurer (1921)
Montana Bill (1921)
Once and Forever (1927)
Backstage (1927)
The Girl from Gay Paree (1927)
Snowbound (1927)
Wild Geese (1927)
The Sin of Nora Moran (1933)
Damaged Goods (1937)
Producer
The Firebrand (1922)
Deserted at the Altar (1922)
The Cub Reporter (1922)
Wildcat Jordan (1922)
Lucky Dan (1922)
His Last Race (1923)
The White Panther (1923)
Danger Ahead (1923)
Her Man (1924)
The Sword of Valor (1924)
The Other Kind of Love (1924)
The Virgin (1924)
The Cowboy and the Flapper (1924)
Fighter's Paradise (1924)
Marry in Haste (1924)
The Torrent (1924)
Do It Now (1924)
The Martyr Sex (1924)
Soiled (1925)
The Silent Guardian (1925)
The Wild Girl (1925)
Three in Exile (1925)
Brand of Cowardice (1925)
Pals (1925)
The Reckless Sex (1925)
Lost at Sea (1926)
The Medicine Man (1930)
Murder at Midnight (1931)
The Pocatello Kid (1931)
Arizona Terror (1931)
The Drums of Jeopardy (1931)
Two Gun Man (1931)
Alias – the Bad Man (1931)
The Single Sin (1931)
Caught Cheating (1931)
Morals for Women (1931)
Hell Fire Austin (1932)
White Zombie (1932)
Whistlin' Dan (1932)
The Crusader (1932)
The World Gone Mad (1933)
Sing Sinner Sing (1933)
The Vampire Bat (1933)
What Price Decency (1933)
Curtain at Eight (1933)
Unknown Blonde (1934)
O'Shaughnessy's Boy (1935)
Last of the Pagans (1935)
Woman Wanted (1935)
Age of Indiscretion (1935)
Yukon Flight (1940)
Sky Bandits (1940)
References
Bibliography
Michael R. Pitts. Poverty Row Studios, 1929–1940: An Illustrated History of 55 Independent Film Companies, with a Filmography for Each. McFarland & Company, 2005.
External links
1893 births
1963 deaths
American film producers
American film directors
Polish emigrants to the United States |
Laser medicine is the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy, photorejuvenation, and laser surgery.
The word laser stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".
History
The laser was invented in 1960 by Theodore Maiman, and its potential uses in medicine were subsequently explored. Lasers benefit from three interesting characteristics: directivity (multiple directional functions), impulse (possibility of operating in very short pulses), and monochromaticity.
Several medical applications were found for this new instrument. In 1961, just one year after the laser's invention, Dr. Charles J. Campbell successfully used a ruby laser to destroy an angiomatous retinal tumor with a single pulse. In 1963, Dr. Leon Goldman used the ruby laser to treat pigmented skin cells and reported on his findings.
The argon-ionized laser (wavelength: 488–514 nm) has since become the preferred laser for the treatment of retinal detachment. The carbon dioxide laser was developed by Kumar Patel and others in the early 1960s and is now a common and versatile tool not only for medicinal purposes but also for welding and drilling, among other uses.
The possibility of using optical fiber (over a short distance in the operating room) since 1970 has opened many laser applications, in particular endocavitary, thanks to the possibility of introducing the fiber into the channel of an endoscope.
During this time, the argon laser began to be used in gastroenterology and pneumology. Dr. Peter Kiefhaber was the first to "successfully perform endoscopic argon laser photocoagulation for gastrointestinal bleeding in humans". Kiefhaber is also considered a pioneer in using the Nd:YAG laser in medicine, also using it to control gastrointestinal bleeding.
In 1976, Dr. Hofstetter employed lasers for the first time in urology. The late 1970s saw the rise of photodynamic therapy, thanks to laser dye. (Dougherty, 1972)
Since the early 1980s, applications have particularly developed, and lasers have become indispensable tools in ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and facial and aesthetic surgery.
In 1981, Goldman and Dr. Ellet Drake, along with others, founded the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery to mark the specialization of certain branches of medicine thanks to the laser. In the same year, the Francophone Society of Medical Lasers (in French, Société Francophone des Lasers Médicaux) was founded for the same purpose and was first led by Maurice Bruhat.
After the end of the 20th century, a number of centers dedicated to laser medicine opened, first in the OCDE, and then more generally since the beginning of the 21st century.
The Lindbergh Operation was a historic surgical operation between surgeons in New York (United States) and doctors and a patient in Strasbourg (France) in 2001. Among other things, they utilized lasers.
Advantages
The laser presents multiple unique advantages that make it very popular among various practitioners.
Due to its directional precision, a laser precisely cuts and cauterizes tissues without damaging neighboring cells. It's the safest technique and most precise cutting and cauterizing ever practiced in medicine.
Laboratories use lasers extensively, especially for spectroscopy analysis and more generally for the analysis of biochemical samples. It makes it possible to literally "see" and more quickly determine the composition of a cell or sample on a microscopic scale.
The electrical intensity of a laser is easily controllable in a safe way for the patient but also variable at will, which gives it a very wide and still partially explored range of uses (in 2021).
Disadvantages
The principal disadvantage is not medical but rather economic: its cost. Although its price has dropped significantly in developed countries since its inception, it remains more expensive than most other common technical means due to materials, the technicality of the equipment necessary for the operation of any laser therapy, and the fact that it requires only certain specific training.
For example, in France (as in other countries with a social security system), dental, endodontal or periodontal laser treatment is classified outside the nomenclature and not reimbursed by social security.
Lasers
Lasers used in medicine include, in principle, any type of laser, but especially the following:
CO2 lasers, used to cut, vaporize, ablate, and photocoagulate soft tissue.
diode lasers
dye lasers
excimer lasers
fiber lasers
gas lasers
free electron lasers
semiconductor diode lasers
Applications in medicine
Examples of procedures, practices, devices, and specialties where lasers are utilized include the following:
angioplasty
cancer diagnosis
cancer treatment
dentistry
cosmetic dermatology such as scar revision, skin resurfacing, laser hair removal, and tattoo removal
dermatology, to treat melanoma
frenectomy
lithotripsy
laser mammography
medical imaging
microscopy
ophthalmology (includes Lasik and laser photocoagulation)
optical coherence tomography
optogenetics
prostatectomy
plastic surgery, in laser liposuction, in the treatment of skin lesions (congenital and acquired), and in scar management (burns and surgical scars)
surgery, to cut, ablate, and cauterize tissue
See also
Dental laser
Endovenous laser therapy
Laser-assisted new attachment procedure
Laser surgery
Light therapy
Low level laser therapy
Photodynamic therapy
Photomedicine
References
External links
Laser applications
Medical physics |
```go
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package prometheus
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/google/uuid"
appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
monitoringv1 "github.com/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator/pkg/apis/monitoring/v1"
"github.com/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator/pkg/informers"
"github.com/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator/pkg/operator"
)
// Config defines the operator's parameters for the Prometheus controllers.
// Whenever the value of one of these parameters is changed, it triggers an
// update of the managed statefulsets.
type Config struct {
LocalHost string
ReloaderConfig operator.ContainerConfig
PrometheusDefaultBaseImage string
ThanosDefaultBaseImage string
Annotations operator.Map
Labels operator.Map
}
type StatusReporter struct {
Kclient kubernetes.Interface
Reconciliations *operator.ReconciliationTracker
SsetInfs *informers.ForResource
Rr *operator.ResourceReconciler
}
func KeyToStatefulSetKey(p monitoringv1.PrometheusInterface, key string, shard int) string {
keyParts := strings.Split(key, "/")
return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", keyParts[0], statefulSetNameFromPrometheusName(p, keyParts[1], shard))
}
func statefulSetNameFromPrometheusName(p monitoringv1.PrometheusInterface, name string, shard int) string {
if shard == 0 {
return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", Prefix(p), name)
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s-shard-%d", Prefix(p), name, shard)
}
func NewTLSAssetSecret(p monitoringv1.PrometheusInterface, config Config) *v1.Secret {
s := &v1.Secret{
Data: map[string][]byte{},
}
operator.UpdateObject(
s,
operator.WithLabels(config.Labels),
operator.WithAnnotations(config.Annotations),
operator.WithManagingOwner(p),
operator.WithName(TLSAssetsSecretName(p)),
operator.WithNamespace(p.GetObjectMeta().GetNamespace()),
)
return s
}
// ValidateRemoteWriteSpec checks that mutually exclusive configurations are not
// included in the Prometheus remoteWrite configuration section, while also validating
// the RemoteWriteSpec child fields.
// Reference:
// path_to_url#remote_write
func ValidateRemoteWriteSpec(spec monitoringv1.RemoteWriteSpec) error {
var nonNilFields []string
for k, v := range map[string]interface{}{
"basicAuth": spec.BasicAuth,
"oauth2": spec.OAuth2,
"authorization": spec.Authorization,
"sigv4": spec.Sigv4,
"azureAd": spec.AzureAD,
} {
if reflect.ValueOf(v).IsNil() {
continue
}
nonNilFields = append(nonNilFields, fmt.Sprintf("%q", k))
}
if len(nonNilFields) > 1 {
return fmt.Errorf("%s can't be set at the same time, at most one of them must be defined", strings.Join(nonNilFields, " and "))
}
if spec.AzureAD != nil {
if spec.AzureAD.ManagedIdentity == nil && spec.AzureAD.OAuth == nil && spec.AzureAD.SDK == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("must provide Azure Managed Identity or Azure OAuth or Azure SDK in the Azure AD config")
}
if spec.AzureAD.ManagedIdentity != nil && spec.AzureAD.OAuth != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot provide both Azure Managed Identity and Azure OAuth in the Azure AD config")
}
if spec.AzureAD.OAuth != nil && spec.AzureAD.SDK != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot provide both Azure OAuth and Azure SDK in the Azure AD config")
}
if spec.AzureAD.ManagedIdentity != nil && spec.AzureAD.SDK != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot provide both Azure Managed Identity and Azure SDK in the Azure AD config")
}
if spec.AzureAD.OAuth != nil {
_, err := uuid.Parse(spec.AzureAD.OAuth.ClientID)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("the provided Azure OAuth clientId is invalid")
}
}
}
return nil
}
// Process will determine the Status of a Prometheus resource (server or agent) depending on its current state in the cluster.
func (sr *StatusReporter) Process(ctx context.Context, p monitoringv1.PrometheusInterface, key string) (*monitoringv1.PrometheusStatus, error) {
commonFields := p.GetCommonPrometheusFields()
pStatus := monitoringv1.PrometheusStatus{
Paused: commonFields.Paused,
}
var (
availableStatus monitoringv1.ConditionStatus = monitoringv1.ConditionTrue
availableReason string
availableCondition = monitoringv1.Condition{
Type: monitoringv1.Available,
LastTransitionTime: metav1.Time{
Time: time.Now().UTC(),
},
ObservedGeneration: p.GetObjectMeta().GetGeneration(),
}
messages []string
replicas = 1
)
if commonFields.Replicas != nil {
replicas = int(*commonFields.Replicas)
}
for shard := range ExpectedStatefulSetShardNames(p) {
ssetName := KeyToStatefulSetKey(p, key, shard)
obj, err := sr.SsetInfs.Get(ssetName)
if err != nil {
if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
// Statefulset hasn't been created or is already deleted.
availableStatus = monitoringv1.ConditionFalse
availableReason = "StatefulSetNotFound"
messages = append(messages, fmt.Sprintf("shard %d: statefulset %s not found", shard, ssetName))
pStatus.ShardStatuses = append(
pStatus.ShardStatuses,
monitoringv1.ShardStatus{
ShardID: strconv.Itoa(shard),
})
continue
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve statefulset: %w", err)
}
sset := obj.(*appsv1.StatefulSet).DeepCopy()
if sr.Rr.DeletionInProgress(sset) {
continue
}
stsReporter, err := operator.NewStatefulSetReporter(ctx, sr.Kclient, sset)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve statefulset state: %w", err)
}
pStatus.Replicas += int32(len(stsReporter.Pods))
pStatus.UpdatedReplicas += int32(len(stsReporter.UpdatedPods()))
pStatus.AvailableReplicas += int32(len(stsReporter.ReadyPods()))
pStatus.UnavailableReplicas += int32(len(stsReporter.Pods) - len(stsReporter.ReadyPods()))
pStatus.ShardStatuses = append(
pStatus.ShardStatuses,
monitoringv1.ShardStatus{
ShardID: strconv.Itoa(shard),
Replicas: int32(len(stsReporter.Pods)),
UpdatedReplicas: int32(len(stsReporter.UpdatedPods())),
AvailableReplicas: int32(len(stsReporter.ReadyPods())),
UnavailableReplicas: int32(len(stsReporter.Pods) - len(stsReporter.ReadyPods())),
},
)
if len(stsReporter.ReadyPods()) >= replicas {
// All pods are ready (or the desired number of replicas is zero).
continue
}
switch {
case len(stsReporter.ReadyPods()) == 0:
availableReason = "NoPodReady"
availableStatus = monitoringv1.ConditionFalse
case availableCondition.Status != monitoringv1.ConditionFalse:
availableReason = "SomePodsNotReady"
availableStatus = monitoringv1.ConditionDegraded
}
for _, p := range stsReporter.Pods {
if m := p.Message(); m != "" {
messages = append(messages, fmt.Sprintf("shard %d: pod %s: %s", shard, p.Name, m))
}
}
}
pStatus.Conditions = operator.UpdateConditions(
pStatus.Conditions,
monitoringv1.Condition{
Type: monitoringv1.Available,
Status: availableStatus,
Reason: availableReason,
Message: strings.Join(messages, "\n"),
LastTransitionTime: metav1.Time{
Time: time.Now().UTC(),
},
ObservedGeneration: p.GetObjectMeta().GetGeneration(),
},
sr.Reconciliations.GetCondition(key, p.GetObjectMeta().GetGeneration()),
)
return &pStatus, nil
}
``` |
```xml
import { graphql } from "react-relay";
import { Environment } from "relay-runtime";
import {
commitMutationPromiseNormalized,
createMutation,
MutationInput,
} from "coral-framework/lib/relay";
import { ChangeReportStatusMutation as MutationTypes } from "coral-admin/__generated__/ChangeReportStatusMutation.graphql";
let clientMutationId = 0;
const ChangeReportStatusMutation = createMutation(
"changeReportStatus",
(environment: Environment, input: MutationInput<MutationTypes>) => {
const result = commitMutationPromiseNormalized<MutationTypes>(environment, {
mutation: graphql`
mutation ChangeReportStatusMutation(
$input: ChangeDSAReportStatusInput!
) {
changeDSAReportStatus(input: $input) {
dsaReport {
id
status
history {
id
createdBy {
username
}
createdAt
body
type
status
}
}
clientMutationId
}
}
`,
variables: {
input: {
userID: input.userID,
reportID: input.reportID,
status: input.status,
clientMutationId: (clientMutationId++).toString(),
},
},
});
return result;
}
);
export default ChangeReportStatusMutation;
``` |
Air Marshal Sir Thomas William "Tim" Piper, (11 October 1911 – 1 January 1978) was a Royal Air Force officer who served as Commandant of the RAF Staff College, Bracknell from 1965 to 1966.
RAF career
Piper was commissioned into the Royal Air Force on 6 July 1936. He served in the Second World War as a flight commander with No. 15 Squadron RAF but was shot down in July 1941 and spent a year as a prisoner of war in Stalag Luft III. After the war he became Officer Commanding, RAF Schwechat in Austria in 1946, wing commander – flying at RAF Gatow in 1948, and a member of staff in Administrative Plans Directorate at Headquarters Middle East Air Force in 1951. He went on to be Station Commander, RAF Dishforth in 1953, group captain – plans at Headquarters RAF Transport Command in 1955, Director of Operational Requirements (Air) at the Air Ministry in 1958, and Chief of Staff to Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters Near East Air Force in 1960. His last appointments were as Air Officer Commanding, No. 38 Group RAF in 1962, Commandant of the RAF Staff College, Bracknell, in 1965 and UK Permanent Military Deputy to the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in 1966. before retiring in 1968.
References
Sources
1911 births
1978 deaths
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Air Force air marshals
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II |
Lenoir Rock (, ) is the rock off the NW coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 230 m long in southwest-northeast direction and 85 m wide with a surface area of 1.29 ha. The vicinity was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The feature is named after Étienne Lenoir (1744-1832), a French scientific instrument maker and inventor of the repeating circle; in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.
Location
Lenoir Rock is located at , which is 380 m southwest of Jireček Point and 1.85 km northeast of Villagra Point. Bulgarian mapping in 2009 and 2017.
See also
List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
Maps
L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. )
South Shetland Islands: Smith and Low Islands. Scale 1:150000 topographic map No. 13677. British Antarctic Survey, 2009
L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
Notes
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Lenoir Rock. Adjusted Copernix satellite image
Smith Island (South Shetland Islands)
Rock formations of the South Shetland Islands
Bulgaria and the Antarctic |
Jean-Claude Merkes (born 27 December 1940) is a French field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1940 births
Living people
French male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for France
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Bordeaux |
South Dakota Highway 53 (SD 53) is a state route that runs north to south across south central South Dakota. It consists of two separate segments:
Junction with Interstate 90 and U.S. Highway 83 near Vivian to South Dakota Highway 44 east of Wood. This segment is in length.
U.S. Highway 18 west of Winner to the Nebraska border southeast of Keyapaha. This segment is in length.
History
South Dakota 53 in 1926 ran from the North Dakota to Nebraska borders. By 1929, when U.S. Highway 83 was first designated, it replaced the segment of SD 53 from Pierre to the North Dakota border. The southern segment was further east than the present route, running from Presho south to the Nebraska border via Winner.
In the early 1930s, U.S. 83 was extended south into Nebraska, and was placed as dual signage along SD 53. (The original route was on what is now U.S. Highway 183; 83 and 183 were reversed from current alignments when first designated.) By 1935, SD 53 was removed from this alignment and placed on a new route extending south from Vivian, on a previously unnumbered road. The southern terminus was at South Dakota Highway 40 (now 44). Also at this time, the northern terminus was pulled back to Vivian.
In the late 1960s, a second segment of SD 53 was added further south, beginning at U.S. Highway 18 just west of the U.S. 183 junction, and extending south to Clearfield.
In 1996, the southern terminus of SD 53 was extended to the Nebraska border.
Major intersections
References
External links
South Dakota Highways Page: Highways 31-60
053
Transportation in Tripp County, South Dakota
Transportation in Mellette County, South Dakota
Transportation in Lyman County, South Dakota
U.S. Route 83 |
Hanahauʻoli School is an independent elementary school in Makiki, Hawaii. , the school had 207 students with the youngest in Junior Kindergarten and the oldest in 6th grade. The current head of school is Lia Woo, an alumna of the school.
History
Hanahauʻoli was founded in 1918 by Sophie Cooke and George Cooke, the son of Charles Montague Cooke and Anna Rice Cooke. The school was founded as an experiment in progressive education as advocated by John Dewey, with an emphasis on cooperation and experiential learning, and was visited by Dewey and his wife a few years after its establishment. The initial group of 15 students was made up of the Cooke family's children along with their relatives and friends.
Hanahauʻoli had the first jungle gym in Honolulu.
The school in recent years
Hanahauʻoli operates a professional development center for teachers in the community, which also offers resources for parents. The school also hosts an annual children's fair. In summers 2020 and 2021, Hanahauʻoli offered a five-week tuition-free summer school program for public school students in second through fifth grades.
References
External links
Schools in Honolulu County, Hawaii
1918 establishments in Hawaii
Elementary schools in Honolulu County, Hawaii |
This is a list of notable German photojournalists. For photojournalists of other nationalities, see list of photojournalists.
Erich Andres
Katharina Behrend
Lucas Dolega
Thomas Dworzak
Frauke Eigen
Alfred Eisenstaedt
Horst Faas
Jockel Finck
Herbert Gauls
Lisel Haas
Heinz Hajek-Halke
Erich Hartmann (photographer)
Roswitha Hecke
Louis Held
Hans Hildenbrand
Max Hofmann
Kurt Hutton
Alex Kempkens
Robert Lebeck
Hans G. Lehmann
Felix H. Man
Josephine Meckseper
Reiner Merkel
Hansel Mieth
Anja Niedringhaus
Francis Reiss
Günter Rössler
Erich Salomon
Hans-Joachim Spremberg
Gerda Taro
Ingmar Zahorsky
See also
List of photojournalists (Dynamic list by country of origin)
Lists of journalists
List of photographers
National Press Photographers Association
References |
Saniyya Sidney (; born October 30, 2006) is an American actress. Her accolades include nominations for three Black Reel Awards, two Critics' Choice Awards, an NAACP Image Award, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Following independent and short film roles, Sidney earned recognition with the horror series American Horror Story: Roanoke (2016). Her breakthrough came with the period drama film Fences (2016), for which she received a nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. She appeared in the biographical film Hidden Figures (2016) and the superhero film Fast Color (2018), before earning praise for leading FOX's vampire drama The Passage (2019) and playing young Venus Williams in King Richard (2021). For the latter, she was nominated for the Black Reel Award for Best Breakthrough Performance and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer.
Career
Sidney began acting in 2012, starring in a minor role as Amity in the short horror film The Babysitters. She next made a guest appearance as Kizzy Waller in the miniseries Roots, and was soon cast in the horror television series American Horror Story: Roanoke in the recurring role of Flora Harris, which was her breakthrough role. Both were played in 2016. Sidney starred in the period drama film Fences as Raynell Maxson, and also starred in the biographical drama film Hidden Figures as Constance Johnson, both of which were released in December 2016. The films were critically acclaimed, and the former film earned her nominations for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Acting Ensemble and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
Sidney next starred in the superhero film Fast Color as Lila, the daughter of Ruth, which had its world premiere at the South by Southwest film festival on March 10, 2018. The film attained a release in theaters the following year. In January 2019, Sidney was cast in the lead role of Amy Bellafonte in the fox series The Passage, for which her performance was critically acclaimed. The series was cancelled after one season. In the same year, she starred as Riley in the Netflix comedic special Kevin Hart's Guide to Black History, which was released in February.
Sidney appears in the 2021 biographical drama film King Richard as Venus Williams, a daughter of Richard Williams, alongside Will Smith. She had never played tennis prior to accepting the role and learned to play tennis in Venus' style, including playing right-handed when Sidney is left-handed. She earned critical acclaim for the role, with Variety magazine praising her for "handling both the dramatic and athletic dimensions of their characters across a span of approximately three years." She received several awards for her performance, including nominations for the Black Reel Award for Best Breakthrough Performance and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer.
Sidney is set to appear in The First Lady for Showtime as Sasha Obama. In January 2022, Sidney was tapped to play Claudette Colvin in the drama film Spark, directed by Anthony Mackie, which is his directorial debut.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
Solo awards
Ensemble awards
References
External links
American child actresses
21st-century American actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
American film actresses
American television actresses
African-American actresses
Living people
2006 births
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American people |
```xml
import { Token } from './token'
import { ValueToken } from './value-token'
import { TokenKind } from '../parser'
export class RangeToken extends Token {
constructor (
public input: string,
public begin: number,
public end: number,
public lhs: ValueToken,
public rhs: ValueToken,
public file?: string
) {
super(TokenKind.Range, input, begin, end, file)
}
}
``` |
Kerry Cohen (born September 15, 1970, in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American author. She also writes as Kerry Cohen Hoffmann.
Cohen grew up in suburban New Jersey. She received an MFA in creative writing from the University of Oregon, a MA in counseling psychology from Pacific University, and a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) from California Southern University.
A counselor (LPC Intern) and writing instructor, she lives with her children and boyfriend in Portland, Oregon. She is the author of Loose Girl: A Memoir of Promiscuity, based on her own promiscuity during her teens. In 2006, she published Easy, a young adult novel.”Lush” 2018
She teaches creative writing for Gotham Writers Workshop in New York City, the Red Earth low-residency MFA at Oklahoma City University, and the low-residency MFA at Goddard College.
Bibliography
The Truth of Memoir: How To Write About Yourself and Others with Honesty, Emotion, and Integrity (Writer's Digest Books, 2014)
Easy (Simon & Schuster, 2006)
2006 ALA Quick Pick for Young Adults and 2006 Oregon Book Award finalist
Loose Girl: A Memoir of Promiscuity (Hyperion, 2008)
The Good Girl (Delacorte, 2008)
It's Not You, It's Me (Delacorte, 2009)
2010 Oregon Book Award finalist
Seeing Ezra (Seal Press, 2011)
Dirty Little Secrets (Sourcebooks, 2011)
Spent (Seal Press, 2014)
. “Lush” (Sourcebooks, 2018)
References
External links
Official site
1970 births
Living people
Writers from New Jersey
University of Oregon alumni
Pacific University alumni
21st-century American novelists
American psychotherapists
Writers from Portland, Oregon
American women novelists
21st-century American women writers
Novelists from Oregon |
Bruce Woodcock (18 January 1920 – 21 December 1997) was an English light heavyweight and heavyweight boxer from Doncaster. He held the British and Empire heavyweight titles from 1945 to 1950, and was the European heavyweight champion 1946–1949. He fought unsuccessfully for a World title in 1950.
Biography
Early life and amateur career
Born in Doncaster, West Riding of Yorkshire in 1920 and brought up in Balby, Woodcock took up boxing at the age of 6, and was a schoolboy champion at the age of 12. He went on to work as a railway fitter in the L.N.E.R. loco sheds, joining the attached amateur boxing club.
He was trained during his early years by his father, a former British Army lightweight champion. In 1938-39, he won the Northern Counties light heavyweight championship, qualifying for the ABA finals at the Royal Albert Hall in 1939, which he also won, beating A. Ford in the final. He represented England at the 1939 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Dublin, losing to Franciszek Szymura of Poland in the semi-final, and to Lajos Szigeti of Hungary in the third place bout.
Professional career
His railway job being deemed necessary war work, he was not called up during the Second World War, but in the early 1940s was redeployed to Manchester, where he worked as a maintenance engineer in a shell-making plant at Dukinfield. While in Manchester he met Tom Hurst, who became his manager, and he turned professional. He began his professional career in January 1942 with a third-round knockout of Fred Clarke, winning all of his first 20 bouts, 19 by stoppage, including a third-round knockout of Jack Robinson to take the BBBofC Northern Area cruiserweight title in September 1942 and a win over Canadian champion Al Delaney in October 1944. He held the Northern Area title until relinquishing in October 1944.
In July 1945, at White Hart Lane, Tottenham, Woodcock defeated the current champion Jack London to take the British and Empire heavyweight tiles. Woodcock won by a knockout in round six after having London down three times in that round.
In September 1945, Woodcock was ranked third in the world by The Ring magazine, behind Tami Mauriello and Jimmy Bivins.
Woodcock won his next four bouts, including a win over Irish champion Martin Thornton, before suffering his first loss, by TKO at the hands of the vastly more experienced Mauriello at Madison Square Garden in May 1946. He bounced back from this by defeating Freddie Mills on points in June, before winning the European title by knocking out Paul Albert Renet in the sixth round in July. Woodcock went on to win his next three fights, stopping Gus Lesnevich in September, before rounding out the year by knocking out French champion Georges Martin in November and stopping Nils Andersson in December.
In March 1947, he successfully defended his European title against Stephane Olek, but a month later suffered his second loss, against Joe Baksi at the Harringay Arena in a fight billed as a final eliminator for the World title. He was floored three times in the first round and twice in the second and yet tried to come back before the referee stopped it in the seventh. He was later found to have suffered a broken jaw during the first round of the fight, requiring a stay of almost two weeks in hospital. Later in the year he spent several weeks in Leeds Infirmary being treated for an eye injury initially claimed to have been sustained while working in a quarry, although a hospital report later confirmed that the injury was a detached retina sustained in the Baksi fight, and he didn't return to the ring until September 1948.
In 1949, Bruce was contracted under businessman Leslie T. Salts to train at Gwrych Castle, North Wales. Whilst there, he would attract over 200,000 fans on the site to a sparring in one weekend of May, 1950.
Again, Woodcock bounced back in impressive fashion, scoring wins over Lee Oma and Lee Savold, followed by a third-round knockout of Johnny Ralph in March 1949 to win the British Empire Title (now known as Commonwealth Title) in South Africa.
On 2 June 1949, Woodcock again beat Freddie Mills, retaining the British, European and Empire heavyweight titles by a KO in round 14, in front of 50,000 people at the White City Stadium.
Woodcock was due to meet Lee Savold for the World heavyweight title (vacant due to the retirement of Joe Louis) in September 1949, but in August suffered head and shoulder injuries and concussion after crashing his lorry. The fight was initially rescheduled for May 1950, and as part of his training, Woodcock offered £100 to any sparring partner who could knock him down and £5 to anyone who could stay on their feet for a round in training. Woodcock and Savold eventually met on 6 June 1950 at White City before over 50,000 spectators. This was done under the auspices of the British Boxing Board of Control and recognised throughout Europe and the Commonwealth but not in the USA. In the event, a 15-round contest, Woodcock's left eye sustained a bad cut, and the fight was stopped in the fourth round.
On 14 November 1950, Woodcock lost his British and Empire Titles to Jack Gardner by an 11th-round TKO at Earl's Court. The following day he announced his retirement from boxing to avoid further damage to his eyes. In 1951, his autobiography, Two Fists and a Fortune, was published. Woodcock planned to return to boxing, but in March 1952 was refused a licence by the British Boxing Board of Control. Woodcock was known as a skilled and aggressive boxer with a good punch, however his face was vulnerable as the result of reopened cuts sustained through many bouts, and he was small for a heavyweight, putting him at a disadvantage on occasion. He finished with a record of 35 wins (31 knockouts) from 39 fights, with 4 losses.
Personal life and retirement
In December 1946, he married Nora Speight (born 14 July 1922, Doncaster - died 2 July 2008), with whom he had one son, Bruce, and one daughter, Janet. Bruce's brother, Billy, was also a boxer. Woodcock became the licensee of the Angel Hotel in Bolsover in May 1952.
He went on to become a boxing manager, looking after local fighters such as Peter Aldridge and Peter Bates. He later ran the Tumbler Pub in Edlington. Woodcock died on 21 December 1997, aged 77.
In 1971 actor Brian Blessed attempted to make a film about his hero Bruce Woodcock. He enlisted the help of fellow Z-Cars colleagues David Rose and Alan Plater but could not progress to production due to Woodcock's reluctance to be featured.
In 2013, a biography of Woodcock by Bryan Hughes, Battling Bruce: The Story of the Fighting Career and Rise to Fame of Bruce Woodcock, was published, with the author also starting a campaign for a statue of Woodcock to be erected.
Professional boxing record
See also
List of British heavyweight boxing champions
References
Sources
Wharton, Ronnie (2005), Fighting Men of the North, Tempus Publishing Limited,
Further reading
Woodcock, Bruce (1951) Two Fists and a Fortune, Hutchinson
Hughes, Bryan (2013) Battling Bruce: The Story of the Fighting Career and Rise to Fame of Bruce Woodcock
External links
Professional record at boxinghistory.org.uk
English male boxers
1920 births
1997 deaths
Boxers from Doncaster
Sportspeople from Doncaster
Light-heavyweight boxers
Heavyweight boxers
European Boxing Union champions |
```objective-c
/**
*
*/
#pragma once
#include "soc.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define REG_TIMG_BASE(i) (DR_REG_TIMERGROUP0_BASE + i*0x1000)
#define TIMG_T0CONFIG_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0000)
/* TIMG_T0_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[31] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set timer 0 time-base counter is enabled*/
#define TIMG_T0_EN (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_T0_EN_M (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_T0_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_EN_S 31
/* TIMG_T0_INCREASE : R/W ;bitpos:[30] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: When set timer 0 time-base counter increment. When cleared timer
0 time-base counter decrement.*/
#define TIMG_T0_INCREASE (BIT(30))
#define TIMG_T0_INCREASE_M (BIT(30))
#define TIMG_T0_INCREASE_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_INCREASE_S 30
/* TIMG_T0_AUTORELOAD : R/W ;bitpos:[29] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: When set timer 0 auto-reload at alarming is enabled*/
#define TIMG_T0_AUTORELOAD (BIT(29))
#define TIMG_T0_AUTORELOAD_M (BIT(29))
#define TIMG_T0_AUTORELOAD_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_AUTORELOAD_S 29
/* TIMG_T0_DIVIDER : R/W ;bitpos:[28:13] ;default: 16'h1 ; */
/*description: Timer 0 clock (T0_clk) prescale value.*/
#define TIMG_T0_DIVIDER 0x0000FFFF
#define TIMG_T0_DIVIDER_M ((TIMG_T0_DIVIDER_V)<<(TIMG_T0_DIVIDER_S))
#define TIMG_T0_DIVIDER_V 0xFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_DIVIDER_S 13
/* TIMG_T0_EDGE_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[12] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set edge type interrupt will be generated during alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_EDGE_INT_EN (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_T0_EDGE_INT_EN_M (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_T0_EDGE_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_EDGE_INT_EN_S 12
/* TIMG_T0_LEVEL_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[11] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set level type interrupt will be generated during alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_LEVEL_INT_EN (BIT(11))
#define TIMG_T0_LEVEL_INT_EN_M (BIT(11))
#define TIMG_T0_LEVEL_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_LEVEL_INT_EN_S 11
/* TIMG_T0_ALARM_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[10] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set alarm is enabled*/
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_EN (BIT(10))
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_EN_M (BIT(10))
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_EN_S 10
#define TIMG_T0LO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0004)
/* TIMG_T0_LO : RO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Register to store timer 0 time-base counter current value lower 32 bits.*/
#define TIMG_T0_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LO_M ((TIMG_T0_LO_V)<<(TIMG_T0_LO_S))
#define TIMG_T0_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_T0HI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0008)
/* TIMG_T0_HI : RO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Register to store timer 0 time-base counter current value higher 32 bits.*/
#define TIMG_T0_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_HI_M ((TIMG_T0_HI_V)<<(TIMG_T0_HI_S))
#define TIMG_T0_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_T0UPDATE_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x000c)
/* TIMG_T0_UPDATE : WO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Write any value will trigger a timer 0 time-base counter value
update (timer 0 current value will be stored in registers above)*/
#define TIMG_T0_UPDATE 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_UPDATE_M ((TIMG_T0_UPDATE_V)<<(TIMG_T0_UPDATE_S))
#define TIMG_T0_UPDATE_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_UPDATE_S 0
#define TIMG_T0ALARMLO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0010)
/* TIMG_T0_ALARM_LO : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Timer 0 time-base counter value lower 32 bits that will trigger the alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_LO_M ((TIMG_T0_ALARM_LO_V)<<(TIMG_T0_ALARM_LO_S))
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_T0ALARMHI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0014)
/* TIMG_T0_ALARM_HI : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Timer 0 time-base counter value higher 32 bits that will trigger the alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_HI_M ((TIMG_T0_ALARM_HI_V)<<(TIMG_T0_ALARM_HI_S))
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_ALARM_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_T0LOADLO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0018)
/* TIMG_T0_LOAD_LO : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Lower 32 bits of the value that will load into timer 0 time-base counter*/
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_LO_M ((TIMG_T0_LOAD_LO_V)<<(TIMG_T0_LOAD_LO_S))
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_T0LOADHI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x001c)
/* TIMG_T0_LOAD_HI : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: higher 32 bits of the value that will load into timer 0 time-base counter*/
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_HI_M ((TIMG_T0_LOAD_HI_V)<<(TIMG_T0_LOAD_HI_S))
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_T0LOAD_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0020)
/* TIMG_T0_LOAD : WO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Write any value will trigger timer 0 time-base counter reload*/
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_M ((TIMG_T0_LOAD_V)<<(TIMG_T0_LOAD_S))
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T0_LOAD_S 0
#define TIMG_T1CONFIG_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0024)
/* TIMG_T1_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[31] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set timer 1 time-base counter is enabled*/
#define TIMG_T1_EN (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_T1_EN_M (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_T1_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_EN_S 31
/* TIMG_T1_INCREASE : R/W ;bitpos:[30] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: When set timer 1 time-base counter increment. When cleared timer
1 time-base counter decrement.*/
#define TIMG_T1_INCREASE (BIT(30))
#define TIMG_T1_INCREASE_M (BIT(30))
#define TIMG_T1_INCREASE_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_INCREASE_S 30
/* TIMG_T1_AUTORELOAD : R/W ;bitpos:[29] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: When set timer 1 auto-reload at alarming is enabled*/
#define TIMG_T1_AUTORELOAD (BIT(29))
#define TIMG_T1_AUTORELOAD_M (BIT(29))
#define TIMG_T1_AUTORELOAD_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_AUTORELOAD_S 29
/* TIMG_T1_DIVIDER : R/W ;bitpos:[28:13] ;default: 16'h1 ; */
/*description: Timer 1 clock (T1_clk) prescale value.*/
#define TIMG_T1_DIVIDER 0x0000FFFF
#define TIMG_T1_DIVIDER_M ((TIMG_T1_DIVIDER_V)<<(TIMG_T1_DIVIDER_S))
#define TIMG_T1_DIVIDER_V 0xFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_DIVIDER_S 13
/* TIMG_T1_EDGE_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[12] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set edge type interrupt will be generated during alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_EDGE_INT_EN (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_T1_EDGE_INT_EN_M (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_T1_EDGE_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_EDGE_INT_EN_S 12
/* TIMG_T1_LEVEL_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[11] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set level type interrupt will be generated during alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_LEVEL_INT_EN (BIT(11))
#define TIMG_T1_LEVEL_INT_EN_M (BIT(11))
#define TIMG_T1_LEVEL_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_LEVEL_INT_EN_S 11
/* TIMG_T1_ALARM_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[10] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set alarm is enabled*/
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_EN (BIT(10))
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_EN_M (BIT(10))
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_EN_S 10
#define TIMG_T1LO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0028)
/* TIMG_T1_LO : RO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Register to store timer 1 time-base counter current value lower 32 bits.*/
#define TIMG_T1_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LO_M ((TIMG_T1_LO_V)<<(TIMG_T1_LO_S))
#define TIMG_T1_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_T1HI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x002c)
/* TIMG_T1_HI : RO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Register to store timer 1 time-base counter current value higher 32 bits.*/
#define TIMG_T1_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_HI_M ((TIMG_T1_HI_V)<<(TIMG_T1_HI_S))
#define TIMG_T1_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_T1UPDATE_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0030)
/* TIMG_T1_UPDATE : WO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Write any value will trigger a timer 1 time-base counter value
update (timer 1 current value will be stored in registers above)*/
#define TIMG_T1_UPDATE 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_UPDATE_M ((TIMG_T1_UPDATE_V)<<(TIMG_T1_UPDATE_S))
#define TIMG_T1_UPDATE_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_UPDATE_S 0
#define TIMG_T1ALARMLO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0034)
/* TIMG_T1_ALARM_LO : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Timer 1 time-base counter value lower 32 bits that will trigger the alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_LO_M ((TIMG_T1_ALARM_LO_V)<<(TIMG_T1_ALARM_LO_S))
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_T1ALARMHI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0038)
/* TIMG_T1_ALARM_HI : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Timer 1 time-base counter value higher 32 bits that will trigger the alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_HI_M ((TIMG_T1_ALARM_HI_V)<<(TIMG_T1_ALARM_HI_S))
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_ALARM_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_T1LOADLO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x003c)
/* TIMG_T1_LOAD_LO : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Lower 32 bits of the value that will load into timer 1 time-base counter*/
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_LO_M ((TIMG_T1_LOAD_LO_V)<<(TIMG_T1_LOAD_LO_S))
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_T1LOADHI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0040)
/* TIMG_T1_LOAD_HI : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: higher 32 bits of the value that will load into timer 1 time-base counter*/
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_HI_M ((TIMG_T1_LOAD_HI_V)<<(TIMG_T1_LOAD_HI_S))
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_T1LOAD_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0044)
/* TIMG_T1_LOAD : WO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Write any value will trigger timer 1 time-base counter reload*/
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_M ((TIMG_T1_LOAD_V)<<(TIMG_T1_LOAD_S))
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_T1_LOAD_S 0
#define TIMG_WDTCONFIG0_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0048)
/* TIMG_WDT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[31] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set SWDT is enabled*/
#define TIMG_WDT_EN (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_WDT_EN_M (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_WDT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_EN_S 31
/* TIMG_WDT_STG0 : R/W ;bitpos:[30:29] ;default: 1'd0 ; */
/*description: Stage 0 configuration. 0: off 1: interrupt 2: reset CPU 3: reset system*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0 0x00000003
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG0_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG0_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0_V 0x3
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0_S 29
/* TIMG_WDT_STG1 : R/W ;bitpos:[28:27] ;default: 1'd0 ; */
/*description: Stage 1 configuration. 0: off 1: interrupt 2: reset CPU 3: reset system*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1 0x00000003
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG1_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG1_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1_V 0x3
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1_S 27
/* TIMG_WDT_STG2 : R/W ;bitpos:[26:25] ;default: 1'd0 ; */
/*description: Stage 2 configuration. 0: off 1: interrupt 2: reset CPU 3: reset system*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2 0x00000003
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG2_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG2_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2_V 0x3
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2_S 25
/* TIMG_WDT_STG3 : R/W ;bitpos:[24:23] ;default: 1'd0 ; */
/*description: Stage 3 configuration. 0: off 1: interrupt 2: reset CPU 3: reset system*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3 0x00000003
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG3_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG3_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3_V 0x3
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3_S 23
/* TIMG_WDT_EDGE_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[22] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set edge type interrupt generation is enabled*/
#define TIMG_WDT_EDGE_INT_EN (BIT(22))
#define TIMG_WDT_EDGE_INT_EN_M (BIT(22))
#define TIMG_WDT_EDGE_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_EDGE_INT_EN_S 22
/* TIMG_WDT_LEVEL_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[21] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: When set level type interrupt generation is enabled*/
#define TIMG_WDT_LEVEL_INT_EN (BIT(21))
#define TIMG_WDT_LEVEL_INT_EN_M (BIT(21))
#define TIMG_WDT_LEVEL_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_LEVEL_INT_EN_S 21
/* TIMG_WDT_CPU_RESET_LENGTH : R/W ;bitpos:[20:18] ;default: 3'h1 ; */
/*description: length of CPU reset selection. 0: 100ns 1: 200ns 2: 300ns
3: 400ns 4: 500ns 5: 800ns 6: 1.6us 7: 3.2us*/
#define TIMG_WDT_CPU_RESET_LENGTH 0x00000007
#define TIMG_WDT_CPU_RESET_LENGTH_M ((TIMG_WDT_CPU_RESET_LENGTH_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_CPU_RESET_LENGTH_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_CPU_RESET_LENGTH_V 0x7
#define TIMG_WDT_CPU_RESET_LENGTH_S 18
/* TIMG_WDT_SYS_RESET_LENGTH : R/W ;bitpos:[17:15] ;default: 3'h1 ; */
/*description: length of system reset selection. 0: 100ns 1: 200ns 2: 300ns
3: 400ns 4: 500ns 5: 800ns 6: 1.6us 7: 3.2us*/
#define TIMG_WDT_SYS_RESET_LENGTH 0x00000007
#define TIMG_WDT_SYS_RESET_LENGTH_M ((TIMG_WDT_SYS_RESET_LENGTH_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_SYS_RESET_LENGTH_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_SYS_RESET_LENGTH_V 0x7
#define TIMG_WDT_SYS_RESET_LENGTH_S 15
/* TIMG_WDT_FLASHBOOT_MOD_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[14] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: When set flash boot protection is enabled*/
#define TIMG_WDT_FLASHBOOT_MOD_EN (BIT(14))
#define TIMG_WDT_FLASHBOOT_MOD_EN_M (BIT(14))
#define TIMG_WDT_FLASHBOOT_MOD_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_FLASHBOOT_MOD_EN_S 14
#define TIMG_WDTCONFIG1_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x004c)
/* TIMG_WDT_CLK_PRESCALE : R/W ;bitpos:[31:16] ;default: 16'h1 ; */
/*description: SWDT clock prescale value. Period = 12.5ns * value stored in this register*/
#define TIMG_WDT_CLK_PRESCALE 0x0000FFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_CLK_PRESCALE_M ((TIMG_WDT_CLK_PRESCALE_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_CLK_PRESCALE_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_CLK_PRESCALE_V 0xFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_CLK_PRESCALE_S 16
#define TIMG_WDTCONFIG2_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0050)
/* TIMG_WDT_STG0_HOLD : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'd26000000 ; */
/*description: Stage 0 timeout value in SWDT clock cycles*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0_HOLD 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0_HOLD_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG0_HOLD_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG0_HOLD_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0_HOLD_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG0_HOLD_S 0
#define TIMG_WDTCONFIG3_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0054)
/* TIMG_WDT_STG1_HOLD : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h7ffffff ; */
/*description: Stage 1 timeout value in SWDT clock cycles*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1_HOLD 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1_HOLD_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG1_HOLD_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG1_HOLD_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1_HOLD_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG1_HOLD_S 0
#define TIMG_WDTCONFIG4_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0058)
/* TIMG_WDT_STG2_HOLD : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'hfffff ; */
/*description: Stage 2 timeout value in SWDT clock cycles*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2_HOLD 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2_HOLD_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG2_HOLD_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG2_HOLD_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2_HOLD_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG2_HOLD_S 0
#define TIMG_WDTCONFIG5_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x005c)
/* TIMG_WDT_STG3_HOLD : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'hfffff ; */
/*description: Stage 3 timeout value in SWDT clock cycles*/
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3_HOLD 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3_HOLD_M ((TIMG_WDT_STG3_HOLD_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_STG3_HOLD_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3_HOLD_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_STG3_HOLD_S 0
#define TIMG_WDTFEED_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0060)
/* TIMG_WDT_FEED : WO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: Write any value will feed SWDT*/
#define TIMG_WDT_FEED 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_FEED_M ((TIMG_WDT_FEED_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_FEED_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_FEED_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_FEED_S 0
#define TIMG_WDTWPROTECT_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0064)
/* TIMG_WDT_WKEY : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h50d83aa1 ; */
/*description: If change its value from default then write protection is on.*/
#define TIMG_WDT_WKEY 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_WKEY_M ((TIMG_WDT_WKEY_V)<<(TIMG_WDT_WKEY_S))
#define TIMG_WDT_WKEY_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_WDT_WKEY_S 0
#define TIMG_RTCCALICFG_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0068)
/* TIMG_RTC_CALI_START : R/W ;bitpos:[31] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_M (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_V 0x1
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_S 31
/* TIMG_RTC_CALI_MAX : R/W ;bitpos:[30:16] ;default: 15'h1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_MAX 0x00007FFF
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_MAX_M ((TIMG_RTC_CALI_MAX_V)<<(TIMG_RTC_CALI_MAX_S))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_MAX_V 0x7FFF
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_MAX_S 16
/* TIMG_RTC_CALI_RDY : RO ;bitpos:[15] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_RDY (BIT(15))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_RDY_M (BIT(15))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_RDY_V 0x1
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_RDY_S 15
/* TIMG_RTC_CALI_CLK_SEL : R/W ;bitpos:[14:13] ;default: 2'h1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_CLK_SEL 0x00000003
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_CLK_SEL_M ((TIMG_RTC_CALI_CLK_SEL_V)<<(TIMG_RTC_CALI_CLK_SEL_S))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_CLK_SEL_V 0x3
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_CLK_SEL_S 13
/* TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_CYCLING : R/W ;bitpos:[12] ;default: 1'd1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_CYCLING (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_CYCLING_M (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_CYCLING_V 0x1
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_START_CYCLING_S 12
#define TIMG_RTCCALICFG1_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x006c)
/* TIMG_RTC_CALI_VALUE : RO ;bitpos:[31:7] ;default: 25'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_VALUE 0x01FFFFFF
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_VALUE_M ((TIMG_RTC_CALI_VALUE_V)<<(TIMG_RTC_CALI_VALUE_S))
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_VALUE_V 0x1FFFFFF
#define TIMG_RTC_CALI_VALUE_S 7
#define TIMG_LACTCONFIG_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0070)
/* TIMG_LACT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[31] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_EN (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_LACT_EN_M (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_LACT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_EN_S 31
/* TIMG_LACT_INCREASE : R/W ;bitpos:[30] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_INCREASE (BIT(30))
#define TIMG_LACT_INCREASE_M (BIT(30))
#define TIMG_LACT_INCREASE_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_INCREASE_S 30
/* TIMG_LACT_AUTORELOAD : R/W ;bitpos:[29] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_AUTORELOAD (BIT(29))
#define TIMG_LACT_AUTORELOAD_M (BIT(29))
#define TIMG_LACT_AUTORELOAD_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_AUTORELOAD_S 29
/* TIMG_LACT_DIVIDER : R/W ;bitpos:[28:13] ;default: 16'h1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_DIVIDER 0x0000FFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_DIVIDER_M ((TIMG_LACT_DIVIDER_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_DIVIDER_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_DIVIDER_V 0xFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_DIVIDER_S 13
/* TIMG_LACT_EDGE_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[12] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_EDGE_INT_EN (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_LACT_EDGE_INT_EN_M (BIT(12))
#define TIMG_LACT_EDGE_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_EDGE_INT_EN_S 12
/* TIMG_LACT_LEVEL_INT_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[11] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_LEVEL_INT_EN (BIT(11))
#define TIMG_LACT_LEVEL_INT_EN_M (BIT(11))
#define TIMG_LACT_LEVEL_INT_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_LEVEL_INT_EN_S 11
/* TIMG_LACT_ALARM_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[10] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_EN (BIT(10))
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_EN_M (BIT(10))
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_EN_S 10
/* TIMG_LACT_LAC_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[9] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_LAC_EN (BIT(9))
#define TIMG_LACT_LAC_EN_M (BIT(9))
#define TIMG_LACT_LAC_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_LAC_EN_S 9
/* TIMG_LACT_CPST_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[8] ;default: 1'h1 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_CPST_EN (BIT(8))
#define TIMG_LACT_CPST_EN_M (BIT(8))
#define TIMG_LACT_CPST_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_CPST_EN_S 8
/* TIMG_LACT_RTC_ONLY : R/W ;bitpos:[7] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_ONLY (BIT(7))
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_ONLY_M (BIT(7))
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_ONLY_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_ONLY_S 7
#define TIMG_LACTRTC_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0074)
/* TIMG_LACT_RTC_STEP_LEN : R/W ;bitpos:[31:6] ;default: 26'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_STEP_LEN 0x03FFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_STEP_LEN_M ((TIMG_LACT_RTC_STEP_LEN_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_RTC_STEP_LEN_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_STEP_LEN_V 0x3FFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_RTC_STEP_LEN_S 6
#define TIMG_LACTLO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0078)
/* TIMG_LACT_LO : RO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LO_M ((TIMG_LACT_LO_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_LO_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_LACTHI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x007c)
/* TIMG_LACT_HI : RO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_HI_M ((TIMG_LACT_HI_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_HI_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_LACTUPDATE_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0080)
/* TIMG_LACT_UPDATE : WO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_UPDATE 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_UPDATE_M ((TIMG_LACT_UPDATE_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_UPDATE_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_UPDATE_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_UPDATE_S 0
#define TIMG_LACTALARMLO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0084)
/* TIMG_LACT_ALARM_LO : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_LO_M ((TIMG_LACT_ALARM_LO_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_ALARM_LO_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_LACTALARMHI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0088)
/* TIMG_LACT_ALARM_HI : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_HI_M ((TIMG_LACT_ALARM_HI_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_ALARM_HI_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_ALARM_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_LACTLOADLO_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x008c)
/* TIMG_LACT_LOAD_LO : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_LO 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_LO_M ((TIMG_LACT_LOAD_LO_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_LOAD_LO_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_LO_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_LO_S 0
#define TIMG_LACTLOADHI_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0090)
/* TIMG_LACT_LOAD_HI : R/W ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_HI 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_HI_M ((TIMG_LACT_LOAD_HI_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_LOAD_HI_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_HI_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_HI_S 0
#define TIMG_LACTLOAD_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0094)
/* TIMG_LACT_LOAD : WO ;bitpos:[31:0] ;default: 32'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_M ((TIMG_LACT_LOAD_V)<<(TIMG_LACT_LOAD_S))
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_V 0xFFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_LACT_LOAD_S 0
#define TIMG_INT_ENA_TIMERS_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x0098)
/* TIMG_LACT_INT_ENA : R/W ;bitpos:[3] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ENA (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ENA_M (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ENA_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ENA_S 3
/* TIMG_WDT_INT_ENA : R/W ;bitpos:[2] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: Interrupt when an interrupt stage timeout*/
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ENA (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ENA_M (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ENA_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ENA_S 2
/* TIMG_T1_INT_ENA : R/W ;bitpos:[1] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer1 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ENA (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ENA_M (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ENA_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ENA_S 1
/* TIMG_T0_INT_ENA : R/W ;bitpos:[0] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer0 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ENA (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ENA_M (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ENA_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ENA_S 0
#define TIMG_INT_RAW_TIMERS_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x009c)
/* TIMG_LACT_INT_RAW : RO ;bitpos:[3] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_RAW (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_RAW_M (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_RAW_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_RAW_S 3
/* TIMG_WDT_INT_RAW : RO ;bitpos:[2] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: Interrupt when an interrupt stage timeout*/
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_RAW (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_RAW_M (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_RAW_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_RAW_S 2
/* TIMG_T1_INT_RAW : RO ;bitpos:[1] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer1 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_INT_RAW (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_RAW_M (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_RAW_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_INT_RAW_S 1
/* TIMG_T0_INT_RAW : RO ;bitpos:[0] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer0 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_INT_RAW (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_RAW_M (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_RAW_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_INT_RAW_S 0
#define TIMG_INT_ST_TIMERS_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x00a0)
/* TIMG_LACT_INT_ST : RO ;bitpos:[3] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ST (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ST_M (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ST_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_ST_S 3
/* TIMG_WDT_INT_ST : RO ;bitpos:[2] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: Interrupt when an interrupt stage timeout*/
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ST (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ST_M (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ST_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_ST_S 2
/* TIMG_T1_INT_ST : RO ;bitpos:[1] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer1 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ST (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ST_M (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ST_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_INT_ST_S 1
/* TIMG_T0_INT_ST : RO ;bitpos:[0] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer0 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ST (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ST_M (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ST_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_INT_ST_S 0
#define TIMG_INT_CLR_TIMERS_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x00a4)
/* TIMG_LACT_INT_CLR : WO ;bitpos:[3] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: */
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_CLR (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_CLR_M (BIT(3))
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_CLR_V 0x1
#define TIMG_LACT_INT_CLR_S 3
/* TIMG_WDT_INT_CLR : WO ;bitpos:[2] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: Interrupt when an interrupt stage timeout*/
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_CLR (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_CLR_M (BIT(2))
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_CLR_V 0x1
#define TIMG_WDT_INT_CLR_S 2
/* TIMG_T1_INT_CLR : WO ;bitpos:[1] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer1 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T1_INT_CLR (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_CLR_M (BIT(1))
#define TIMG_T1_INT_CLR_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T1_INT_CLR_S 1
/* TIMG_T0_INT_CLR : WO ;bitpos:[0] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: interrupt when timer0 alarm*/
#define TIMG_T0_INT_CLR (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_CLR_M (BIT(0))
#define TIMG_T0_INT_CLR_V 0x1
#define TIMG_T0_INT_CLR_S 0
#define TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x00f8)
/* TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE : R/W ;bitpos:[27:0] ;default: 28'h1604290 ; */
/*description: Version of this regfile*/
#define TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE 0x0FFFFFFF
#define TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE_M ((TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE_V)<<(TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE_S))
#define TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE_V 0xFFFFFFF
#define TIMG_NTIMERS_DATE_S 0
#define TIMGCLK_REG(i) (REG_TIMG_BASE(i) + 0x00fc)
/* TIMG_CLK_EN : R/W ;bitpos:[31] ;default: 1'h0 ; */
/*description: Force clock enable for this regfile*/
#define TIMG_CLK_EN (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_CLK_EN_M (BIT(31))
#define TIMG_CLK_EN_V 0x1
#define TIMG_CLK_EN_S 31
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
``` |
There are several Victoria Stadiums. These include:
Victoria Stadium (Northwich), a football stadium in Wincham, Northwich, England
Victoria Stadium (Gibraltar), a football stadium in Gibraltar
Victoria-Stadion Hoheluft, a football stadium in Hamburg, Germany
Docklands Stadium in Melbourne, Australia was given the working name Victoria Stadium during its construction
Victoria Stadium (Melbourne), a stadium proposed for construction in the Melbourne Sports & Entertainment Precinct in 2016 |
Anders Andersen (22 October 1846 – 1 September 1931) was a sawmill worker who participated in forming the Norwegian Labour Party.
Anders Andersen was born just outside Hønefoss in Ringerike, Norway. Around 1868, he moved to Arendal in Aust-Agder and lived there for 20 years. He was member of a recently founded local labour group called Samhold when he somewhat coincidentally became the first party leader in 1887. The labour group Samhold soon after ceased to exist due to local circumstances and it was not represented at the next party congress.
In 1889, Andersen moved from Arendal and settled at Røyken in Buskerud where he worked as a farm manager. He continued to be active in the labor movement, as a member of the municipal council and trade unionist. Not even among his colleagues in Røyken was it commonly known that he had been the first leader of the Labour Party.
Anders Andersen died in 1931 near 85 years of age. After his death, the Labour Party paid for a headstone on his grave. The memorial has later been moved to Kistefos museum at Jevnaker in Oppland. He is honored every May 1.
References
1846 births
1931 deaths
People from Buskerud
People from Arendal
Leaders of the Labour Party (Norway)
People from Ringerike (municipality) |
Mogiła Abbey (; ) is a Cistercian monastery in the Nowa Huta District of Kraków, Poland. The abbey was founded in 1222 by the Bishop of Kraków, Iwo Odrowąż. The religious complex was built for religious reasons as well as for prestige. It was the largest and most impressive church in medieval Poland after Wawel Cathedral, and served as the Odrowąż family's burial place until the 16th century.
The architectural complex includes the stuccoed Polish Gothic church, the Basilica of the Holy Cross (), which serves as the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew the Apostle as well as the abbey church for the monks. There is also the Polish Renaissance-style abbot's palace, built around 1569, as well as the red-brick monastery, with a broad inner courtyard, outbuildings, vegetable garden, greenhouse, etc.
History
Under the reign of Henry I the Bearded, the Duke of Silesia, a community of monks was brought in from Lubiąż Abbey to Mogiła by Odrowąż around 1219, to commence the construction of the brand new church in his diocese. He granted them a village by the Vistula River, close to his residence in the capital. The monastic community, consisting of the 13 professed monks mandatory for an independent monastery, moved in around 1225, although the expansion of the abbey continued for years to come. The Mogiła Abbey was confirmed by the Roman Curia through a papal bull signed by Pope Gregory IX on 9 June 1228. In Latin, the monastery still retains its name of Clara Tumba (Bright Tomb), a name derived from two local toponyms. There is an ancient barrow, called Wanda Mound, within a mile of the monastery site; and the name of the site of the monastery, originally the village of Mogiła, translates as "tomb" in Polish.
In 1241 the abbey was ransacked in the course of the Mongol invasion of Poland. It was rebuilt and the abbey church was consecrated in 1266 by Bishop Jan Prandota. It was later consumed by fire in 1447. It was ravaged again in the 17th century by the invading Swedish army. The abbey was destroyed and its entire resident population was killed by the Swedes, except for two monks whose lives were spared. The structure was renovated numerous times. The Baroque façade of the monastery church was added in 1779–80, based on a design by Franz Moser.
The abbey church was promoted in 1970 by Pope Paul VI to the rank of a minor basilica, and visited by Pope John Paul II, who celebrated Mass for 200,000 people in a nearby open field in 1979.
Notable individuals
Under the reign of Abbot Erazm Ciołek (a relative of the noted scholar, Bishop Erazm Ciołek of Płock), who was elected as abbot in 1522, the abbey was restored to its former glory, with a greatly expanded collection of rare books. He died two years after being appointed the Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Kraków in 1544, and was buried in the abbey cemetery.
This abbot employed the services of the Polish Renaissance painter Stanisław Samostrzelnik, known also as Stanisław z Mogiły (c. 1490–1541), who spent his final years working at the abbey, where he died. His frescoes are featured in the right-hand transept and in one of the chapels of the monastery church, including his painting on the forward wall of the chancel from c. 1530.
Gallery
References
External links
Opactwo Cystersów w Mogile Mogiła Abbey homepage.
Cistercian monasteries in Poland
Roman Catholic churches in Kraków
13th-century establishments in Poland
Christian monasteries established in the 13th century
Basilica churches in Poland
Gothic architecture in Poland
Religious organizations established in the 1220s |
Empty Words is a 1979 book by John Cage.
Empty Words may also refer to:
Songs
"Empty Words", by Blackmore's Night from Secret Voyage
"Empty Words", by Bowery Electric from Beat
"Empty Words", by Breed 77 from In My Blood (En Mi Sangre)
"Empty Words", by Christina Aguilera from Lotus
"Empty Words", by Death from Symbolic
"Empty Words", by The Groop
"Empty Words", by Quasi from Field Studies
"Empty Words", by Rich Kids
Other uses
Empty Words, the official website of Death founder Chuck Schuldiner
Empty Words, a 2000s series of graphic novels by Benjamin Rivers
Empty words (), a class of words in Classical Chinese grammar
See also
"Leere Worte" ("Empty Words"), a song by Böhse Onkelz from Viva los tioz |
Sar Jub or Sar-i-Jub or Sarjoob or Sarjub () may refer to:
Sar Jub, Kermanshah
Sar Jub-e Qaleh Masgareh, Kermanshah Province
Sarjub, Sistan and Baluchestan
Sar-i-Jub, South Khorasan |
The 1912 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Maine was won by the Democratic nominees, New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson and Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall. Wilson and Marshall defeated incumbent President William Howard Taft, and his running mate Vice President James S. Sherman and Progressive Party candidates, former President Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate California Governor Hiram Johnson.
Wilson won Maine by a narrow margin of 2.02%, becoming the first Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to win the state. This would be the final time until Lyndon B. Johnson won the state in 1964 where a Democratic presidential candidate would carry Maine. This is one of only two such cases since 1852 where Maine has not voted for the same candidate as fellow New England state Vermont, the other being 1968.
This was the only state that Wilson won in either of his two victories that would never support fellow Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in any of his landslide victories in the 1930s and 1940s. Lincoln County and Waldo County voted Democratic for the first time since 1880. Androscoggin, Cumberland, Hancock, Knox, Sagadahoc, Washington, and York counties voted Democratic for the first time since 1852.
With 37.41% of the popular vote, Maine would prove to be Roosevelt's fifth strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage in the 1912 election after South Dakota, California, Michigan and Minnesota.
The Maine Republican Party supported Theodore Roosevelt during the 1912 Republican presidential primaries against President William Howard Taft. The Progressive Party was founded by Roosevelt supporters on July 31, 1912, at a convention in Portland, Maine. The Republicans was weakened after losing members including Charles H. Hitchborn, who was the treasurer of the party, although Warren C. Philbrook, the chair of the party, remained. Roosevelt's largest amount of support came from Aroostook County where he received over sixty percent of the vote. Three-fourths of Roosevelt's votes, worth 38,000 votes, came from Republicans while the remainder, worth 10,000 votes, came from Democrats.
Results
Results by county
See also
United States presidential elections in Maine
Notes
References
Maine
1912
1912 Maine elections |
Jupiter One was an American indie rock band from Brooklyn, New York, formed in 2003. Inspired by a wide range of influences, they create upbeat indie pop songs, with a grounding in futuristic-sounding new wave-style synth sounds. Their self-titled and self-released debut album was distributed by Cordless Recordings in 2007, following another release of the album in 2008 under the Cordless Recordings label. The album Sunshower followed in 2009.
Band history
Kaoru Ishibashi and Zac Colwell are the founding members of the group. Other members are Ishibashi's wife Mocha, a Japanese-born keyboardist and violinist, drummer Dave Heilman, and bassist Pat "Panda" Dougherty. Ishibashi also performs in of Montreal, Regina Spektor's touring band, and a solo project, Kishi Bashi.
Ishibashi and Colwell first met while travelling musicians in the orchestra of Barnum's Kaleidoscape. After the circus tour ended they spent time in Zac's hometown of Austin before moving to New York in 2003, where Jupiter One would officially form. In New York, Ishibashi re-connected with then-girlfriend Mocha, a Japanese-born keyboardist and fellow violinist who also joined the group. Drummer Dave Heilman and bassist Pat "Panda" Dougherty later joined the band.
The band is named after the spaceship in the '60s television show Lost in Space.
Releases and performances
Many of their tracks have been used in Electronic Arts video games. "Countdown" has been featured in Madden NFL 08, while "Turn Up the Radio" featured in NHL 08, "Fire Away" featured in Burnout Paradise, and "Unglued" featured in FIFA 08. The track "Platform Moon" was used in a commercial for Mazda cars outside of the US and in FIFA 09.
In 2008 their track "Countdown" was played during the pre-episode of Heroes Season 3 on NBC, and Kyle XY season 2 on ABC. It was also featured in commercials for Payless and MLB Network.
They opened for Regina Spektor on her 2009 North American tour. They also opened for Spektor on her 2010 Australasian tour.
Third studio album and side projects
The band has been working on many separate projects since the release of Sunshower. In late 2011, the band got together to talk about some new ideas for their third studio album. Though many good ideas were thrown around, other current projects would halt any work on this album until at least late 2012. K Ishibashi started a solo project known as Kishi Bashi. He has put out a solo EP called Room For Dream in mid-2011 and then in 2012, released his first LP called 151a on the Joyful Noise label. His second album Lighght followed in 2014. Dave, Zac and Panda also formed a side project called Fancy Colors. They released their debut album Near Equator in September 2012, and their sophomore LP Island of the Dead in June 2014. In 2014, Ishibashi was interviewed by Roy Wallace and Zeke Fritts at the House of Blues in Dallas, Texas, commenting that Jupiter One, "was in the past."
Discography
Albums
Jupiter One EP (2005)
Magical Mountain and the Floating Hospital (Limited edition self-release) (2006)
Jupiter One (2007) (Limited edition self-release)
Jupiter One (2008)
The Remix EP (2008)
Sunshower (2009)
Singles
"Countdown"/"Wrong Line"/"Turn Up the Radio" (promo single) (2006)
"Flaming Arrow" (2009)
Members
Kishi Bashi – vocals, guitar, keyboards, violin
Zac Colwell – vocals, guitar, keyboards, flute
Mocha – vocals, keyboards, violin
David Heilman – drums
Pat "Panda" Dougherty - bass
Former members
Mark Guiliana – drums
Neal Persiani – bass
Ben Wright – bass
References
External links
Official site
2003 establishments in New York City
American new wave musical groups
Indie rock musical groups from New York (state)
Cordless Recordings artists
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups from Brooklyn
American musical quintets |
Trick is the fourth album by Londoner indie rock artist Jamie T, released on 2 September 2016 through Virgin Records and Harvest Records. The first single from the album was "Tinfoil Boy", which was first played on Annie Mac's Radio 1 show on 29 June, and was released for download on 30 June. The second single from the album, "Power Over Men", was first played as Annie Mac's 'Hottest Record in the World' on 9 August, and was made available on streaming services the following day. On 30 August, Annie Mac also played 2 of the album tracks - "Tescoland" and "Sign of the Times", and on the same day Zane Lowe premiered the album track "Drone Strike" on Beats 1, which was made available on streaming services the following day. The album was released in full at midnight on 2 September.
To promote the album, Jamie T embarked on an extensive 18-date tour of the UK and Ireland, including 3 nights at London's Brixton Academy.
The album artwork is the 1843 Paul Falconer Poole work entitled "Solomon Eagle", which depicts the English composer and Quaker Solomon Eagle - the subject of track 8 on the album.
Reception
Trick has been greeted with enthusiasm by music critics, with many praising the diversity of genres on the album. The album holds a rating of 78 out of 100 on review aggregator website Metacritic based on 13 reviews.
Accolades
Track listing
Charts
References
2016 albums
Jamie T albums
Virgin Records albums |
TV8 is a television channel owned by Viaplay Group broadcasting to Sweden. It focuses on current affairs, documentaries and drama. The channel was started by the private equity firm Ratos in 1997 and was sold to MTG in 1999.
For some years TV8 timeshared with the Scandinavian History Channel in the evening and Bloomberg Television at night and during the day; TV8's own shows were only broadcast during a few hours in the late evening. During the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 Bloomberg was replaced by the Fox News Channel. Fox News continued eventually but in December Bloomberg returned on some key slots during daytime.
In November 2004, MTG launched their own historical channel Viasat History in the Nordic region. At the same time the programmes from History Channel disappeared from TV8. It was replaced by TV8's own programmes. The Fox News broadcasts were discontinued in September 2006. Nowadays TV8 shows English-language broadcasts from German news channel Deutsche Welle during the days and nights instead.
TV8 is profiled as a commercial channel with own high quality-programming, about such matters as financial and foreign news. TV8 is also showing several talkshows about domestic politics. Documentaries, mostly from the United Kingdom, are also a part of the prime time schedules, as well as high quality drama from the UK and France.
TV8 has so far attracted few viewers. In September 2007 the channel was launched in the analogue package of Com Hem, the dominant cable distributor in Sweden. This means that the number of potential viewers have increased substantially. MTG have also started to promote the channel more.
TV8 is also available through digital terrestrial broadcasts in Sweden (through subscription-based Boxer), as well as on the satellite platforms of Viasat and Canal Digital.
References
External links
Television channels in Sweden
TV8 Sweden
Television channels and stations established in 1997
1997 establishments in Sweden |
Giuseppe Antonio Sala (27 October 1762 – 23 June 1839) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served in numerous high-profile positions in the Roman Curia.
Early life
Giuseppe Antonio Sala was born on 27 October 1762 in Rome to Giuseppe Antonio Maria Sala and Ana Sacchetti; he had six siblings. He was educated in philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University and in theology at the Dominican faculty at the Santa Maria Sopra Minerva, where he received a doctorate in theology in 1761.
Sala was the Secretary to the papal legation to France from 1801 to 1804, and was involved in the negotiations between the Holy See and the post-Revolutionary French Republic that resulted in the Concordat of 1801. He was also Secretary to the papal legation established by Pope Pius VII in 1809 during his exile from Rome. He was appointed the Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs and of the Reform in 1814, as the Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Rites and the Tridentine Council in December 1825.
Cardinal
Sala was created a cardinal by Pope Gregory XVI in the consistory on September 30, 1831, and was given the titular church of Santa Maria della Pace on February 24, 1832. On March 21, 1834, he was appointed Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Index, and on November 21, 1834, he was named Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Bishops and Regulars. He was named the archpriest of Santa Maria Maggiore on 11 December 1838. Sala died on 23 June 1839 in Rome, and was interred in the church of Santa Maria della Pace.
See also
Cardinals created by Gregory XVI
References
1762 births
1839 deaths
Italian Roman Catholics
19th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Gregory XVI |
The Denver Winter Olympics Referendum was held in 1972 following the awarding to Denver of the 1976 Winter Olympics.
The selection process for the 1976 Winter Olympics consisted of four bids, and saw Denver, Colorado, United States, selected ahead of Sion, Switzerland; Tampere, Finland; and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The selection was made at the 70th IOC Session in Amsterdam on 12 May 1970. In a 1972 referendum, voters in Colorado rejected funding for the Olympics, and for the only time a city awarded the Olympics rejected them. Denver officially withdrew on 15 November, and the IOC then offered the Olympics to Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, but they too declined owing to a change of government following elections. Whistler went on to be associated with neighbouring Vancouver's successful bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Sion, the runner-up, also declined. Salt Lake City, Utah offered to host the Olympics, but the IOC, still reeling from the Denver rejection, declined and selected Innsbruck to host the 1976 Winter Olympics, which had hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics twelve years earlier, on 5 February 1973. Salt Lake City later hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Contents
The amendment appeared on the ballot as:
Aftermath
Richard Lamm was an obscure state legislator from Denver when he led the campaign; after the referendum he was elected to three terms as governor, serving from 1975 to 1987.
Within three months, Innsbruck, Austria was selected as the replacement city, hosting the Winter Olympics for the second time, after 1964.
See also
List of Colorado ballot measures
References
1972 Colorado ballot measures
Constitution of Colorado |
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad-Husayn Kashif al-Ghita' (b. Najaf, 1877; d. Karand, 1954)) was a Shiite jurist, philosopher, author, teacher, and lecturer. He was considered to be one of the highest ranking scholars in Iraq, yet less popular. He worked for the welfare of the Shia community in Iraq and for Sunni-Shia rapprochement and solidarity.
Early life and education
Kashif al-Ghita' was born to Sheikh Ali Kashif al-Ghita' in Najaf in 1877. He hails from a long line of illustrious Shia jurists.
He studied in the Islamic seminaries of Najaf, under grand scholars such as Mirza Husayn Nuri, Mulla Reza Hamadani (d. 1904), Mirza Ḥusayn Ḵalili (d. 1908), Sheikh Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani, and Sayyid Mohammed Kazem Yazdi.
Works
Kashif al-Ghita' wrote nearly 80 books on religious sciences such as jurisprudence, authority and hadith. Some of them include:
Daʿwat al-Eslāmiya elā maḏhab al-Emāmiya [An Islamic invitation to the Imami School]. 4 volumes.
Tawżiḥ fi bayān mā howa al-Enjil wa mā howa al-Masiḥ [A clarification on what the Bible is, and who Jesus was]
Aṣl al-Šiʿa wa oṣulohā [The origin of Shiʿite Islam and its principles]. This book was translated to Persian by Sheikh Naser Makarem Shirazi, titled, This is our school.
al-Āyāt al-bayyenāt [Clear signs].
al-Moṯol al-ʿolyā fi’l-Eslām, lā fi Beḥamdun [The supreme ideals are to be found in Islam, not at Bhamdun].
Al Ardh wa al-Torbah Al Husayniyyah [The ground and dust of Imam Husayn].
Death
Kashif al-Ghita' died in Kerend on July 19, 1954. He was buried in the Wadi-us-Salaam cemetery in Najaf.
References
Further reading
KĀŠEF-AL-ḠEṬĀʾ, MOḤAMMAD ḤOSAYN by Encyclopædia Iranica.
The life of Sheikh Muhammad-Husayn Kashif al-Ghita' (in Persian) by Hawza.net.
Iraqi ayatollahs
Iranian grand ayatollahs
1877 births
1954 deaths
Pupils of Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani |
The Cedar Valley Group is a geologic group in Iowa and Illinois. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Iowa
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Illinois
References
Geologic groups of Iowa
Geologic groups of Illinois |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="path_to_url"><head><title>Mat (owl.Owl_regression.Make_Embedded.Optimise.Algodiff.Mat)</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../odoc.support/odoc.css"/><meta name="generator" content="odoc 2.4.2"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"/><script src="../../../../../../odoc.support/highlight.pack.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body class="odoc"><nav class="odoc-nav"><a href="../index.html">Up</a> <a href="../../../../../index.html">owl</a> » <a href="../../../../index.html">Owl_regression</a> » <a href="../../../index.html">Make_Embedded</a> » <a href="../../index.html">Optimise</a> » <a href="../index.html">Algodiff</a> » Mat</nav><header class="odoc-preamble"><h1>Module <code><span>Algodiff.Mat</span></code></h1></header><div class="odoc-content"><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-empty"><a href="#val-empty" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> empty : <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-zeros"><a href="#val-zeros" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> zeros : <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-eye"><a href="#val-eye" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> eye : <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-ones"><a href="#val-ones" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> ones : <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-uniform"><a href="#val-uniform" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> uniform : <span><span class="optlabel">?a</span>:<a href="../A/index.html#type-elt">A.elt</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span class="optlabel">?b</span>:<a href="../A/index.html#type-elt">A.elt</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-gaussian"><a href="#val-gaussian" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> gaussian : <span><span class="optlabel">?mu</span>:<a href="../A/index.html#type-elt">A.elt</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span class="optlabel">?sigma</span>:<a href="../A/index.html#type-elt">A.elt</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-shape"><a href="#val-shape" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> shape : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> int * int</span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-numel"><a href="#val-numel" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> numel : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> int</span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-row_num"><a href="#val-row_num" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> row_num : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> int</span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-col_num"><a href="#val-col_num" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> col_num : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> int</span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-reset"><a href="#val-reset" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> reset : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> unit</span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-reshape"><a href="#val-reshape" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> reshape : <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-get"><a href="#val-get" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> get : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-set"><a href="#val-set" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> set : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-row"><a href="#val-row" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> row : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-mean"><a href="#val-mean" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> mean : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-add"><a href="#val-add" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> add : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-sub"><a href="#val-sub" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> sub : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-mul"><a href="#val-mul" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> mul : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-div"><a href="#val-div" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> div : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-dot"><a href="#val-dot" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> dot : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-map_by_row"><a href="#val-map_by_row" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> map_by_row : <span><span>(<span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a>)</span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-of_arrays"><a href="#val-of_arrays" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> of_arrays : <span><span><span><a href="../A/index.html#type-elt">A.elt</a> array</span> array</span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-init_2d"><a href="#val-init_2d" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> init_2d : <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span>(<span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a>)</span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-print"><a href="#val-print" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> print : <span><a href="../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> unit</span></code></div></div></div></body></html>
``` |
Dongsu Station is a subway station on Line 1 of the Incheon Subway located at 686 Bupyeong-dong, 888 Gyeonginno Jiha, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon South Korea.
Station layout
Exits
References
Metro stations in Incheon
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Railway stations in South Korea opened in 1999
Bupyeong District |
Gerhard Rudolf "Gerry" Andlinger (January 17, 1931, in Linz, Austria – December 22, 2017) was an international business executive, philanthropist, sportsman, and founder of the private investment firm Andlinger & Company, Inc.
Career summary
Following service in the U.S. Army, and becoming a US citizen Andlinger began his career with McKinsey & Company, a noted management consulting firm. In 1960, he was recruited to International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) by the legendary Harold Geneen as the first Director of Planning and Organization. Andlinger was named Group Executive – Far East in 1962. During that time he served on the board of directors of Nippon Electric Company (NEC) and Sumitomo Electric. He became the youngest elected Vice President of ITT at the age of 34.
Andlinger left ITT in 1967 to become chairman of Esterline Corporation, but was recruited back to ITT in 1972 as chairman of ITT's Levitt & Sons, Inc. He later served as President of ITT Europe and was elected Executive Vice President of ITT Corporation. In 1976, Andlinger formed his own private investment firm, Andlinger & Company, Inc. (A&Co.). He additionally served as chairman and CEO of numerous A&Co. portfolio companies. Since its founding, the firm, with offices in the United States, Europe and China, has been involved in over 100 corporate acquisition transactions.
Academic and personal life
In 1948, as a winner of a New York Herald Tribune essay contest for Austrian high school students, Andlinger made his first visit to the United States. At the age of 19, Andlinger received a scholarship to Princeton University – the alma mater of his earlier American student host - with advanced placement as a junior. He graduated from Princeton University in 1952 with a degree in economics and a minor in Arabic language. As part of his degree, Andlinger completed a 137-page long senior thesis titled "The Economic Effect of the Tax on the Unreasonable Accumulation of Profits." He continued his academic career at Harvard Business School and was awarded an M.B.A. in 1954. He also was awarded an honorary doctorate from Bryant College in Rhode Island for contributions to international management.
Andlinger married Jeanne Dailey in 1994, when she was 37 and he was 62.
Andlinger had five children by four different women. His 15-year-old son, Gerhard Andlinger II, committed suicide in 2011.
In 2015, Andlinger purchased Jon Bon Jovi's penthouse at 158 Mercer Street in New York's SoHo neighborhood for $34 million. In 2017 Andlinger listed the property for sale at $38 million but was forced to lower his price to $34 million after it sat on the market for nearly 10 months. The home had six bedrooms, six bathrooms and a chef's kitchen. He also owned a $65 million home in Manhattan's Time Warner Center.
Philanthropy
Andlinger has been a large contributor to Princeton University, leading hospitals in the area of cancer research, and the American Austrian Foundation among many other causes. A $25 million gift to Princeton University in 2000 created the Andlinger Center for the Humanities, and a $100 million gift in 2008 created the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment as well as Andlinger Laboratory. He also is active in The Salzburg Festival Society. As an admirer of Austrian Arts, Andlinger has sponsored a variety of causes related to the exchange of art, specifically the Ars Electronics and an Exhibition of Austrian Artists in the U.S. Andlinger endowed the professorship for distance learning at the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University.
Insider trading
Andlinger settled with the SEC an outstanding insider trading allegation by paying disgorgement and civil penalties in excess of $3.4 million and entered into an agreement barring Andlinger from serving as an officer or director of a public company for five years. He did not admit or deny wrongdoing.
References
External links
Gerhard Andlinger Website
Andlinger & Company, Inc. Website
Princeton University Press Release on Gift
1931 births
2017 deaths
American financial businesspeople
Princeton University alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Austrian emigrants to the United States
People from Linz
People from SoHo, Manhattan
20th-century American philanthropists |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
var randu = require( '@stdlib/random/base/randu' );
var incrnansumabs2 = require( './../lib' );
var accumulator;
var sum;
var v;
var i;
// Initialize an accumulator:
accumulator = incrnansumabs2();
// For each simulated datum, update the sum...
console.log( '\nValue\tSum\n' );
for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ ) {
if ( randu() < 0.2 ) {
v = NaN;
} else {
v = ( randu()*100.0 ) - 50.0;
}
sum = accumulator( v );
console.log( '%d\t%d', v.toFixed( 3 ), ( sum === null ) ? NaN : sum.toFixed( 3 ) );
}
console.log( '\nFinal sum: %d\n', accumulator() );
``` |
Robbie Robinson (born February 2, 1959 in New York City, New York) is a professional basketball referee who officiated in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 3 seasons beginning in the 2004–05 NBA season. He wore jersey number 53.
He was a member of the officiating crew during the Knicks–Nuggets brawl on December 16, 2006.
Robinson was fired from the NBA after the 2006–07 season for poor performance following a three–year trial run.
References
External links
http://basketball.pinnaclesports.com/NBA/referees/referee.aspx?RefId=110
Sportspeople from New York City
Living people
National Basketball Association referees
1959 births |
The coinage of the Great Shu Kingdom (Traditional Chinese: 大蜀貨幣 / 大蜀起義軍鑄) is the earliest known coinage produced by a peasant revolt in the history of China, the revolt lasted from 993 until 995 and during this period a small number of cash coins were produced by the peasant rebellion using the era names of the rebel leader Li Shun. It was only with the strongest military efforts that the Song dynasty was able to suppress the rebellion and restore their rule over the Shu region. The coinage produced by the Da Shu Kingdom is often rather roughly produced and as the rebellion only lasted a few years not many cash coins were produced leading to them being extremely rare today.
The first two inscriptions were produced for five months under King Li Shun while after his death the remaining rebels introduced a new inscription which was produced for a year until the rebellion was finally put down.
Background
Three decades after the Song dynasty was founded its government still had issues consolidating its power and rule over China and didn't properly address the most important social issues that plagued the population. The economy of the Song dynasty was in a bad shape during this period and around the country peasants were forming their own armies to rebel against the government and started killing corrupt government officials. The largest of these peasant revolts was organised by tea farmers and landless tenant farmers (旁戶, páng hù) in the Shu region (蜀, the modern day province of Sichuan) where these peasants were protesting exploitation by rich landowners of the Sichuan Basin and the Song government's state monopoly on the purchasing of tea (均貧富, bó mǎi wù), this monopoly prevented the tea farmers from obtaining a reasonable income to live off. Another contributing factor to the bad living conditions of the peasantry at the time was a severe drought that devastated the country while the Song dynasty was suffering heavy losses against both the Khitans and the Tanguts. By the year 993 the number of participants of the uprising in Sichuan had reached several hundred thousand farmers.
The revolt adopted the motto "equalise the income of the rich and poor" (均貧富, jūn pín fù) and under the leadership of Wang Xiaobo (王小波) were able to beat the government's military forces stationed in Sichuan and after taking over state granaries distributed the grain that was present among themselves. After Wang Xiaobo was killed in action, his brother-in-law Li Shun (李顺) took over his position and managed to take the city of Chengdu. After this victory Li Shun crowned himself as the "King of Great Shu" (大蜀王, dà shǔ wáng) in the year 994 and proclaimed the period title of "Yingyun" (應運, yìng yùn).
History
From the year 994 Li Shun began the production of both bronze and iron cash coins with the legends Yingyun Tongbao (應運通寶) and Yingyun Yuanbao (應運元寶), these inscriptions are read in a clockwise manner (旋讀, xuán dú) and the type of Chinese calligraphy used on them is Bafen script (八分書, bā fēn shū) which is a conservative type of clerical script (隸書, lì shū). These cash coins notably resemble the older cash coins produced by the kingdoms of Former Shu and Later Shu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, both of these states were situated in the same region as the Da Shu Kingdom and shared the same capital city. However, as Li Shun was killed and as he only ruled over the newly proclaimed Kingdom of Da Shu for five months his former subordinates began casting both bronze and iron cash coins with the legend Yinggan Tongbao (應感通寶) after his death. These cash coins continued to be produced for around a year until the uprising was finally suppressed by the forces of the Song dynasty in the year 995.
The workmanship of the casting techniques used to produce Da Shu coinage is relatively rough, the reverse sides of these cash coins is usually flat and blank, and the colour of copper-alloy coins tend to be whitish. All Da Shu cash coins are cast in the size of the 1 wén denomination (小平錢). As the logistics of transporting the coinage across the Shu region proved troublesome and as Li Shun barely held much territory outside of Chengdu these cash coins only circulated in a very small area.
List of cash coins issued by the Da Shu Kingdom
List of cash coins issued by the Great Shu Kingdom:
Surviving specimens
As the cash coins of the Da Shu Kingdom weren't produced in great numbers and not many of them have survived, they are extremely rare today and are listed among "China’s 50 Rarest Ancient Coins" (歷代古錢五十珍, lì dài gǔ qián wǔ shí zhēn). A number of them are on display in various museums in China or are in the hands of private collectors. In the year 2015 a Yinggan Tongbao cash coin with a diameter of 23.7 millimeters sold for $ 54,000 (¥ 368,000) at an auction in China.
The private coin collector Sun Ding (孫鼎) donated a Yingyun Yuanbao to the Shanghai Museum in the twentieth century, this cash coin is reportedly made from bronze and has a weight of 2.9 grams. Another bronze Yingyun Yuanbao cash coin is the possession of the National Museum of China this particular coin has a diameter of 23 millimeters, however unlike the one in the Shanghai Museum this one weighs 3.9 grams. Unique to this coin is that unlike other cash coins produced by the Da Shu regime is that this coin has a dot (星, "star") and a crescent (月, "moon") on its reverse side (月孕星版, yuè yùn xīng bǎn) which are similar to the symbols found on other cash coins as well as Chinese charms and amulets. This was long thought to be the only Da Shu coin with these symbols but in January 2016 a Yingyun Tongbao cash coin was excavated in Hubei that also featured a dot and crescent on its reverse, but as this particular cash coin is 26 millimeters in diameter it's actually believed to be a "pattern coin" or "trial coin" (試樣, shì yàng) or perhaps a "mother coin" (鐵母, tiě mǔ).
Additionally the National Museum of China is in possession of an iron Yingyun Tongbao that has the same diameter but weighs 3.7 grams as its composed of different metal, and a bronze Yinggan Tongbao with a diameter of 23 millimeters that weighs 3.2 grams. The Sichuan Museum is in possession of an iron Yinggan Tongbao cash coin with a diameter of 23 millimeters.
See also
Southern Song dynasty coinage
References
Sources
External links
Images of Da Shu and other Northern Song dynasty era rebel coinages (Zeno Oriental Coins Database).
Coins of China
Cash coins
Currencies of China
Chinese numismatics |
Stanley E. "Stan" Saylor (born March 3, 1953) is a Republican former member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 94th District and was first elected in 1992. After the 2008 election, Saylor was elected the Republican Policy Committee Chairman. Following the 2010 election, he was elected Republican Whip and served in that role until 2015. He is also on the House Rules Committee. After his reelection in 2016, Saylor was named Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. Saylor was defeated by Wendy Fink in the 2022 Republican primary election.
Election results
The 94th District from which Saylor is elected includes residents of Chanceford, Lower Chanceford, Lower Windsor, Peach Bottom, and Windsor Townships in the southeast portion of York County, their surrounded and adjacent boroughs, and five (the southernmost) of Springettsbury Township's eight local districts. He was unopposed in his reelection bids from 2000 until 2006, when Democrat Maxine Kuntz also ran for the seat; Saylor won with 73.5% of the vote. The results were very similar in 2008, when Democrat Deb Tillman received 26.8% of the vote to Saylor's 73.2%. Likewise in 2010, Democratic candidate Metta Barbour took 28.2% while Saylor had 71.8% voting for him. After no opposition in 2012, district voters gave Democrat David Colon 27.7% in 2014, to Saylor's 72.3%. Saylor had no challenger in 2016. In 2018, Democrat Stephen Snell received 33.6% of the vote, to Saylor's 66.4%. Saylor had no challenger again in 2020.
In 2022, Saylor was challenged in the Republican primary by Wendy Fink who ran an anti-establishment campaign. Fink defeated Saylor 55.7% to 44.3%.
Political positions
Saylor believes that legalizing adult-use cannabis in Pennsylvania is a "terrible idea", citing the federal legal status and calling it a "highly addictive drug".
Personal
Saylor graduated from Dallastown Area High School and majored in political science at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. He resides in Windsor Township, Pennsylvania.
References
External links
Representative Saylor's official web site
Pennsylvania House profile
1955 births
21st-century American politicians
Living people
Politicians from York County, Pennsylvania
Politicians from York, Pennsylvania
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives |
Richard Allen Isaacson (born October 6, 1941) is a retired American physicist who has been cited by 2017 Nobel Laureate Rainer Weiss as indispensable to the LIGO gravitational wave project. Isaacson's 1967 PhD dissertation established that the theoretical gravitational waves had features similar to other known types of waves. Isaacson went on to champion the LIGO project as the NSF Program Director of Gravitational Physics for decades. Weiss and fellow Laureate Kip Thorne have honored Isaacson by endowing the American Physical Society's Richard A. Isaacson Award in Gravitational-Wave Science
References
Living people
American physicists
1941 births |
In Christianity, the Visitation is the visit of Mary, who was pregnant with Jesus, to Elizabeth, who was pregnant with John the Baptist, in the Gospel of Luke, .
It is also the name of a Christian feast day commemorating this visit, celebrated on 31 May in the feast-celebrating branches of Western Christianity (most and mainstream calendars of Catholics and Anglicans) or as 2 July in calendars of 1263–1969, (retained in the modern calendar of some countries whose bishops' conferences wanted to retain this, notably Germany and Slovakia) and 30 March in Eastern Christianity.
The episode is one of the standard scenes shown in cycles of the Life of the Virgin in art, and sometimes in larger cycles of the Life of Christ in art.
Biblical narrative
Mary visits her relative Elizabeth; they are both pregnant: Mary with Jesus, and Elizabeth with John the Baptist. Mary left Nazareth immediately after the Annunciation and went "into the hill country ... into a city of Judah" () to attend to her cousin () Elizabeth. There are several possibilities as to exactly which city this was, including Hebron, south of Jerusalem, and Ein Karem. The journey from Nazareth to Hebron is about in a direct line, probably up to half as far again by road, depending on the route taken. Elizabeth was in the sixth month before Mary came (). Mary stayed three months, and most scholars hold she stayed for the birth of John. Given the prevailing cultural traditions and needs for security, it is probable that Joseph accompanied Mary to Judah then returned to Nazareth, and came again after three months to take his wife home. The apparition of the angel, mentioned in Matthew 1:19–25, may have taken place then to end the tormenting doubts of Joseph regarding Mary's maternity.
In the Gospel of Luke, the author's accounts of the Annunciation and Visitation are constructed using eight points of literary parallelism to compare Mary to the Ark of the Covenant.
Some Catholic commentators have maintained that the purpose of this visit was to bring divine grace to both Elizabeth and her unborn child. Even though he was still in his mother's womb, John became aware of the presence of Christ, and leapt for joy as he was cleansed from original sin and filled with divine grace. Elizabeth also responded and recognised the presence of Jesus, and thus Mary exercised her function as mediatrix between God and man for the first time.
In response to Elizabeth, Mary proclaims the Magnificat (My soul doth magnify the Lord) .
The word "blessed" is rendered in Greek not by the word "makarios" but as "evlogimeni", which is the feminine second person singular, used only this once in the New Testament. Its masculine third person singular counterpart "evlogimenos" is used only for Jesus and only on this occasion and when he was welcomed into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday with: "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord". The masculine/mixed gender third person plural "evlogimenoi" is used by Jesus only when referring to the righteous who are to be raised to life in the Last Judgement.
Feast
Western Christianity
The theme of the Feast of the Visitation centers on Mary responding to the prompting of the Holy Spirit to set out on a mission of charity.
This feast is of medieval origin. In 1389 Pope Urban VI, hoping thereby to obtain an end to the Great Western Schism, inserted it at the urging of John of Jenstein, Archbishop of Prague, in the Roman Calendar, for celebration on 2 July. In the Tridentine Calendar, it was a Double. When that Missal of Pope Pius V was replaced by that of Pope Clement VIII in 1604, the Visitation became a Double of the Second Class, or, as it would be called from 1960 by Pope John XXIII's reform, a Second-Class Feast. It continued to be assigned to 2 July, the day after the end of the octave following the birthday of John the Baptist, who was still in his mother's womb at the time of the Visitation. In addition to July 2, the Visitation was also traditionally celebrated on Ember Friday in Advent, providing the Gospel reading for that day.
The 1969 revision of the calendar moved it to 31 May, "between the Solemnity of the Annunciation of the Lord (25 March) and that of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist (24 June), so that it would harmonize better with the Gospel story."
The Catholic Church in Germany (together with the Lutheran church) has, with the consent of the Holy See, kept 2 July date as a national variation of the General Roman Calendar. Similarly, the Catholic Church in Slovakia has also retained the original date, because of an important national pilgrimage to the Basilica of the Visitation in the town of Levoča that has been held in the first weekend of July since the 13th century. Traditionalist Catholics, who use a pre-1970 calendar, also observe 2 July. In some Anglican traditions it is merely a commemoration rather than a feast day.
In the Catholic Church, the Visitation is the second Joyful Mystery of the Rosary.
Eastern Christianity
The celebration of a feast day commemorating this event in the Eastern Orthodox Church is of relatively recent origin, dating only to the 19th century. The impetus to establish a feast day in the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar, and the composition of a service to be included in the Menaion, were the work of Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin (1817–1894), head of the Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem. The Gorneye Convent in Jerusalem, which was built on the traditional site of the Meeting of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) and St. Elizabeth, celebrates this Feast on 30 March. (Julian Calendar 30 March corresponds, until 2099, to Gregorian Calendar 12 April.) If 30 March falls between Lazarus Saturday and Pascha (Easter), the Visitation Feast is transferred to Bright Friday. Celebration of the Feast of the Visitation has not yet been accepted by all Orthodox jurisdictions.
In Syriac Christianity the feast of the Visitation is celebrated on the third Sunday in the Season of Announcements prior to Christmas.
Commentary
The visitation of Mary to Elizabeth in Luke 1:39—56 is seen by many as a rich source of commentary on the role of Mary in the Christian Church. Pointing to the veneration of the Mother of God in the Catholic Church, German theologian Friedrich Justus Knecht (d. 1921), writes that "In the Magnificat Mary said prophetically: 'From henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.' This prophecy has been fulfilled in the Catholic Church, for our holy Church honours our Lady by special feasts and special devotions. How would it be possible not to pay honour to her whom God raised to such a high dignity, and praised in such a manner by the mouths of Gabriel and Elizabeth! Our veneration of the holy Mother of God is well founded both on Holy Scripture and on reason."
Knetch also notes that Mary gives us a pattern of charity, asking the questions, "Why did Mary hasten to visit her cousin? What were her reasons? " He answers by writing, "Firstly, the angel had referred her to Elizabeth, although she had believed his words without asking for a sign. She therefore believed it to be God’s will that she should visit her cousin, and convince herself of the truth of the sign given her, i.e. that Elizabeth was about to have a son. Secondly, Mary knew well that her cousin had grieved for many years on account of being childless, and she knew how happy she must be now that the cause of her grief was removed. Mary’s loving heart sympathised with the happiness of her cousin; she desired to wish her joy, rejoice with her, and join her in praising God’s mercy. He who really loves his neighbour has a loving sympathy with his joys and sorrows. Thirdly, Mary, as the holy Fathers teach, wished to minister to her cousin, and help her in her household affairs.
In Roger Baxter's meditations he compares the visitation to the ark of the Lord, writing: "Consider the inspired words of Scripture: 'The ark of the Lord abode in the house of Obededom, the Gethite, three months; and the Lord blessed Obededom and all his household.' (2 Kings vi. 11.) How much more may we suppose did He bless the house of Zachary, in which the living ark of the Lord and the mother of God dwelt so long."
See also
Churches of the Visitation
Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary
References
External links
The Meeting of the Mother of God and Saint Elizabeth – Orthodox icon and synaxarion
1st-century BC Christianity
Catholic holy days
Eastern Orthodox liturgical days
Gospel of Luke
John the Baptist
Joyful Mysteries
March observances
Marian feast days
Mary, mother of Jesus
May observances |
The 2020–21 Moroccan Throne Cup was the 65th staging of the Moroccan Throne Cup, the main knockout football tournament in Morocco.
RS Berkane won the final 3–2 over Wydad AC on penalties following a 0–0 draw after extra time for their second Thron Cup title.
Preliminary round
Third round
The fourth round was played on 23–24 February 2022.
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Fourth round
The fourth round was played on 2–3 March 2022.
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Final phase
Qualified teams
The following teams competed in the 2020–21 Moroccan Throne Cup.
16 teams of 2020–21 Botola
AS FAR
Chabab Mohammédia
Difaâ El Jadidi
FUS Rabat
Hassania Agadir
IR Tanger
Maghreb de Fès
Moghreb Tétouan
Mouloudia Oujda
Nahdat Zemamra
Olympic Safi
Raja Casablanca
Rapide Oued Zem
RSB Berkane
Wydad Casablanca
Youssoufia Berrechid
8 teams of 2020–21 Botola 2
Chabab Atlas Khénifra
Jeunesse Sportive Soualem
Ittihad Khemisset
Kawkab Marrakech
Raja Beni Mellal
Tihad Casablanca
Union de Touarga
Wydad de Fès
5 teams of 2020–21 Division National
Association Al Mansoria
JS de Kasbah Tadla
JS Massira
Union Sidi Kacem
US Témara
2 teams of 2020–21 Amateur Division I
Fath Casablanca (North Group)
Ittifaq Marrakech (South group)
1 team of 2020–21 Amateur Division II
US Amal Tiznit (South group)
Bracket
Draw of the 2020–21 Moroccan Throne Cup final phase
Round of 32
Draw of the 2020–21 Moroccan Throne Cup round of 32
The Round of 32 matches were played on 11–13 March, and 5–6 April 2022.
Round of 16
The Round of 16 matches were played on 18–21 March, and 9–10 April 2022.
Quarter-finals
The Quarter-finals matches were played on 28–29 May, and 7 July 2022.
Semifinals
The Semifinals matches will be played on 19-20 July 2022 at the Fez Stadium.
Final
<onlyinclude>
References
External links
Coupe du Trone: Résultats, frmf.ma
Moroccan Cup 2019 - 2020, Goalzz.com
Morocco
Coupe
Coupe |
The Battle of Belmont was fought on November 7, 1861, in Mississippi County, Missouri. It was the first combat test in the American Civil War for Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, the future Union Army general in chief and eventual U.S. president, who was fighting Major General Leonidas Polk. Grant's troops in this battle were the "nucleus" of what would become the Union Army of the Tennessee.
On November 6, Grant moved by riverboat from Cairo, Illinois, to attack the Confederacy's small outpost near Belmont, Missouri across the Mississippi River from the Confederate stronghold at Columbus, Kentucky. He landed his men on the Missouri side and marched to Belmont. Grant's troops overran the surprised Confederate camp and destroyed it. However, the scattered Confederate forces quickly reorganized and were reinforced from Columbus. They counterattacked, supported by heavy artillery fire from across the river. Grant retreated to his riverboats and took his men to Paducah, Kentucky. The battle was relatively unimportant, but with little happening elsewhere at the time, it received considerable attention in the press.
Background
At the beginning of the war, the critical border state of Kentucky, with a pro-Confederate governor but a largely pro-Union legislature, declared neutrality between the opposing sides. Pro-Confederate Kentuckians crossed into Tennessee to enlist, but the Union men openly formed a recruiting camp inside Kentucky, violating the state's neutrality.
In response, Confederate Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk moved Confederate forces into Kentucky on September 3, 1861, and occupied Columbus, a key position on the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River. Three days later Union Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant seized Paducah. Grant, commanding the District of Southeast Missouri, requested permission from theater commander Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont to attack Columbus, but no orders came. For the next two months only limited demonstrations were conducted against the Confederates.
Frémont learned the Confederates planned to reinforce their forces in Arkansas, and on November 1 he ordered Grant to make a feint toward Columbus to keep the Confederates there. Grant sent about 3,000 men under Col. Richard Oglesby into southeastern Missouri. Grant learned that Confederate reinforcements were moving into Missouri to intercept Oglesby's column. He sent reinforcements and also ordered Brig. Gen. Charles F. Smith to move from Paducah into southwestern Kentucky to distract the Confederates. Grant chose to attack Belmont, a ferry landing and tiny hamlet of three shacks, directly across the river from Columbus. Grant's Expeditionary Command numbered 3,114 officers and men, and was organized into two brigades under Brig. Gen. John A. McClernand and Col. Henry Dougherty, two cavalry companies, and an artillery battery. On November 6, escorted by the gunboats USS Tyler and USS Lexington, Grant's men left Cairo, Illinois on the steamboats Aleck Scott, Chancellor, Keystone State, Belle Memphis, James Montgomery, and Rob Roy.
Confederate Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk had about 5,000 troops guarding Columbus. When he learned of Grant's movements, he assumed that Columbus was their primary objective and that Belmont was a feint. He ordered 2,700 men under Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow to Belmont, retaining the rest to defend Columbus.
When he reached Belmont, Grant found Camp Johnston, a small Confederate observation post, supported by an artillery battery. He decided to attack to keep the Confederates from reinforcing Maj. Gen. Sterling Price or Brig. Gen. M. Jeff Thompson of the Missouri State Guard, and to protect Oglesby's exposed left flank.
Opposing forces
Union
Confederate
Battle
At 8:30 a.m. on November 7, Grant's force disembarked at Hunter's Farm, 3 miles north of Belmont, out of range of the six Confederate batteries at Columbus. (The Columbus heavy water batteries featured 10-inch Columbiads and 11-inch howitzers and one gun, the "Lady Polk", was the largest in the Confederacy, a 128-pounder Whitworth rifle.) He marched his men south on the single road, clearing the obstructions of fallen timber that formed an abatis. A mile away from Belmont, they formed a battle line in a corn field. The line consisted of the 22nd Illinois Infantry, 7th Iowa Infantry, 31st Illinois Infantry, 30th Illinois Infantry, and 27th Illinois Infantry, intermixed with a company of cavalry. The Confederate battle line, on a low ridge northwest of Belmont, from north to south, was made up of the 12th Tennessee Infantry, 13th Arkansas Infantry, 22nd Tennessee Infantry, 21st Tennessee Infantry, and 13th Tennessee Infantry.
Grant's attack drove in the Confederate skirmish line and for the remainder of the morning, both armies, consisting of green recruits, advanced and fell back repeatedly. By 2 p.m., the fighting became one-sided as Pillow's line began to collapse, withdrawing toward Camp Johnston. The orderly retreat began to panic when four Federal field pieces opened up on the retreating soldiers. A volley from the 31st Illinois killed dozens of Confederates, and the Union soldiers attacked from three sides and surged into the camp. The Confederates abandoned their colors and their artillery, and ran toward the river, attempting to escape. Grant was constantly at the front, leading his men. His horse was shot from under him, but his aide Captain William S. Hillyer offered his mount and Grant continued to lead.
Grant's inexperienced soldiers became, in his own words, "demoralized from their victory." Brig. Gen. McClernand walked to the center of the camp, which now flew the Stars and Stripes, and asked for three cheers. A bizarre, carnival-like atmosphere prevailed; the troops were carried away by the joy of their victory, having captured several hundred prisoners and the camp. To regain control of his men, who were plundering and partying, Grant ordered the camp set on fire. In the confusion and blinding smoke, wounded Confederate soldiers in some of the tents were accidentally burned to death, causing returning Confederates to believe the prisoners had been deliberately murdered.
The Federals began to march back to their transports, taking with them two captured guns and 106 prisoners. They were suddenly attacked by Confederate reinforcements brought over from Columbus on the transports Prince and Charm, who threatened to cut off Grant's retreat. These were the men of the 15th Tennessee Infantry, the 11th Louisiana Infantry, and mixed infantry under Pillow and Col. Benjamin F. Cheatham. By this time Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk had also crossed the Mississippi River from Columbus and took charge of Confederate forces during the fighting. As the Union men turned to face the Confederate reinforcements, the cannon "Lady Polk" fired into their ranks from Columbus and numerous other Confederate guns opened fire. The Union gunboats exchanged fire in a battle with the Confederate batteries. Grant said, "Well, we must cut our way out as we cut our way in."
When Grant reached the landing, he learned that one Union regiment was unaccounted for. He galloped back to look for it, but found only Confederate soldiers moving in his direction. He spun his horse and raced for the river, but saw that the riverboat captains had already ordered the mooring lines cast off. Grant wrote in his memoirs, "The captain of the boat that had just pushed out recognized me and ordered the engineer not to start the engine: he then had a plank run out for me. My horse seemed to take in the situation. He put his fore feet over the bank without hesitation or urging, and, with his hind feet well under him, slid down the bank and trotted on board."While the riverboats were returning to Paducah, the missing Illinois regiment was seen marching upriver and the men were taken aboard. In the retreat, Grant lost his bay horse, saddle, mess chest, and gold pen, while McClernand lost his "handsome iron-framed cot," field desk with dispatches, and an inkstand inscribed with his name.
Aftermath
The Confederates viewed Belmont as a Southern victory, since Grant had staged an attack and been driven off. Polk's superior, General Albert Sidney Johnston, remarked that "The 7th of November will fill a bright gap in our military annals, and be remembered with gratitude by the sons and daughters of the South." On the evening of November 7 and the morning of November 8, Grant recalled the units he had ordered forward in Missouri and Kentucky. One Union soldier commented, "Well, Grant got whipped at Belmont, and that scared him so that he countermanded all our orders and took all the troops back to their old stations by forced marches." However, Grant viewed the battle very differently. In his memoirs he states, "The two objects which the battle of Belmont was fought were fully accomplished. The enemy gave up all idea of detaching troops from Columbus. His losses were very heavy for that period of the war."
Union losses were 607 (120 dead, 383 wounded, and 104 captured or missing). Confederate casualties were slightly higher at 641 (105 killed, 419 wounded, 106 captured, and 11 missing). A noteworthy result of the battle was the combat and large unit command experience Grant gained. It also gave President Abraham Lincoln, who was desperate for his armies to attack the Confederates somewhere, a positive impression of Grant.
Belmont Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, was named after this battle.
The formerly fortified site on the Kentucky side has been designated as the Columbus-Belmont State Park, commemorating the military operations performed in the surrounding area.
As of mid-2023, the American Battlefield Trust and its partners have preserved 1.2 acres of the battlefield.
See also
Columbus-Belmont State Park
Illinois in the Civil War
Kentucky in the Civil War
List of conflicts in the United States
Notes
References
Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. .
Feis, William B. "Battle of Belmont." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. .
Gott, Kendall D. Where the South Lost the War: An Analysis of the Fort Henry—Fort Donelson Campaign, February 1862. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. .
Hughes, Nathaniel Cheairs Jr. The Battle of Belmont: Grant Strikes South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. .
Kennedy, Frances H., ed. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. .
Nevin, David, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. The Road to Shiloh: Early Battles in the West. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1983. .
National Park Service battle description
Further reading
Catton, Bruce. Grant Moves South. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1960. .
Farina, William. Ulysses S. Grant, 1861–1864: His Rise from Obscurity to Military Greatness. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007. .
Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86. .
Smith, Jean Edward. Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. .
External links
Battle of Belmont reports from The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies at CivilWarChest.com.
Belmont
Belmont
Mississippi County, Missouri
1861 in the American Civil War
1861 in Missouri
Belmont
November 1861 events
Battles commanded by Ulysses S. Grant |
Dicentrus bluthneri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1880.
References
Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1880
Taxa named by John Lawrence LeConte |
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