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Anuppur Junction railway station is a railway station in Anuppur town of Anuppur district in Madhya Pradesh. The station code of Anuppur Junction is 'APR'. It has four platforms. It comes under Bilaspur railway division of South East Central Railway Zone. It is on the Katni–Bilaspur line and connects to and Katni, Bilaspur and Ambikapur.
Trains
Durg–Firozpur Cantonment Antyodaya Express
Durg–Hazrat Nizamuddin Humsafar Express
Sarnath Express
Bhopal–Bilaspur Express
Betwa Express
Durg–Nautanwa Express (via Sultanpur)
Durg–Nautanwa Express (via Varanasi)
Hirakud Express
Amarkantak Express
Lucknow–Raipur Garib Rath Express
Durg–Chirimiri Express
Durg–Ambikapur Express
Bhopal–Chirimiri Express
Barauni–Gondia Express
Bilaspur–Rewa Express
Kalinga Utkal Express
Durg–Jammu Tawi Superfast Express
Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express
Madan Mahal–Ambikapur Intercity Express
Shalimar–Udaipur City Weekly Express
Shalimar–Bhuj Weekly Superfast Express
Narmada Express
Durg–Jammu Tawi Express
Bikaner–Bilaspur Antyodaya Express
Durg–Ajmer Express
Visakhapatnam–Bhagat Ki Kothi Express
Durg–Jaipur Weekly Express
Valsad–Puri Superfast Express
Bikaner–Puri Express
References
Railway stations in Anuppur district
Bilaspur railway division
Railway junction stations in Madhya Pradesh |
Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Bangasamaj (Ramtanu Lahiri and Contemporary Bengali Society/The Life and Times of Ramtanu Lahiri) is a book authored by Sivanath Sastri. It is considered one of the most important historical documents relating to the period commonly known as the Bengali Renaissance; in particular, it is the primary source of information on the Brahmo Samaj. Though named after the social reformer Ramtanu Lahiri, it covers a broad historical period beginning with Ram Mohan Roy and including the Brahmos, Henry Louis Vivian Derozio and his Young Bengal movement and other such important historical events of contemporary Bengali society. A translation into English, Ramtanu Lahiri, Brahman and Reformer: A History of Renaissance in Bengal, edited by Sir Roper Lethbridge, was published in London in 1907.
References
Bengali-language literature
1903 books |
```xml
export interface IVSCodeIconTheme {
path: string;
_watch: boolean;
}
``` |
Piasala is a village and gram panchayat in Garhbeta II CD Block in Medinipur Sadar subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
The area lies south of the Shilabati and is close to Hoomgarh Forest.
Demographics
As per 2011 Census of India Piasala had a total population of 1,848 of which 955 (52%) were males and 893 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 211. The total number of literates in Piasala was 1,298 (67.19% of the population over 6 years).
.*For language details see Garhbeta II#Language and religion
Transport
The Garbeta-Hoomgarh-Goaltore-Pirakata Road passes through Piasala.
References
Villages in Paschim Medinipur district |
The 2023 Southeastern Conference football season is the 91st season of Southeastern Conference (SEC) football, taking place during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 26, 2023, and will end with the 2023 SEC Championship Game on December 2, 2023. The SEC is a Power Five conference in the current College Football Playoff system. The season schedule was released on September 20, 2022. This is also expected to be the final year for the conference's divisional structure as Texas and Oklahoma will join the SEC in 2024.
Previous season
Georgia defeated LSU 50–30 in the 2022 SEC Championship Game.
The Georgia Bulldogs won their second straight CFP Championship by beating the TCU 65–7 in the 2023 CFP Championship Game in the Los Angeles suburb of Inglewood, California.
Preseason
2023 SEC Spring Football and number of signees on signing day:
East Division
Georgia –
Florida –
Kentucky –
Missouri –
South Carolina –
Tennessee –
Vanderbilt -
West Division
Alabama –
Arkansas –
Auburn –
LSU –
Mississippi State –
Ole Miss –
Texas A&M -
Recruiting classes
Source:
Note: ESPN only ranks the top 40 teams.
SEC Media Days
The 2023 SEC Media days were held on July 17–20, 2023 at Grand Hyatt Nashville in downtown Nashville, TN. The Preseason Polls were released in July 2023. Each team had their head coach available to talk to the media at the event. Coverage of the event was televised on SEC Network and ESPN.
The teams and representatives in respective order were as follows:
SEC Commissioner – Greg Sankey
Monday July 17
LSU – Brian Kelly (HC), Jayden Daniels (QB), Josh Williams (RB), Mekhi Wingo (DT)
Missouri - Eliah Drinkwitz (HC), Kris Abrams-Draine (DB), Javon Foster (OL), Darius Robinson (DL)
Texas A&M – Jimbo Fisher (HC), Fadil Diggs (DL), McKinnley Jackson (DL), Ainias Smith (WR)
Tuesday July 18
Auburn – Hugh Freeze (HC), Luke Deal (TE), Elijah McAllister (LB), Kameron Stutts (OL)
Georgia – Kirby Smart (HC), Brock Bowers (TE), Kamari Lassiter (DB), Sedrick Van Pran (OL)
Mississippi State – Zach Arnett (HC), Jaden Crumedy (DT), Jo’quavious Marks (RB), Will Rogers (QB)
Vanderbilt – Clark Lea (HC), Ethan Barr (LB), Jaylen Mahoney (S), Will Sheppard (WR)
Wednesday July 19
Alabama – Nick Saban (HC), JC Latham (OL), Kool-Aid McKinstry (DB), Dallas Turner (LB)
Arkansas – Sam Pittman (HC), Landon Jackson (DE), KJ Jefferson (QB), Raheim Sanders (RB)
Florida – Billy Napier (HC), Kingsley Eguakun (OL), Jason Marshall Jr. (DB), Ricky Pearsall (WR)
Kentucky – Mark Stoops (HC), Eli Cox (OL), Octavious Oxendine (DL), J.J. Weaver (LB)
Thursday July 20
Ole Miss – Lane Kiffin (HC), Cedric Johnson (DE), Quinshon Judkins (RB), Deantre Prince (CB)
South Carolina – Shane Beamer (HC), Tonka Hemingway (DL), Kai Kroeger (P), Spencer Rattler (QB)
Tennessee - Josh Heupel (HC), Joe Milton III (QB), Omari Thomas (DL), Jacob Warren (TE)
Preseason media polls
references:
Preseason awards
All−American Teams
Sources:
Individual awards
Preseason All-SEC
Media
First Team
Second Team
Third Team
Coaches
First Team
Second Team
Third Team
references:
Head coaches
Pre-season changes
Auburn head coach Bryan Harsin was fired after posting a 9–12 record with the school over two years. Cadillac Williams was named the interim head coach for the remainder of the season. On November 28, Auburn announced that they had signed Liberty head coach Hugh Freeze to take over their head coaching position beginning in 2023.
Mississippi State head coach Mike Leach died after suffering a major heart attack. Mississippi State still elected to play in their bowl game. Defensive coordinator Zach Arnett was named interim head coach during Leach's hospitalization and promoted to permanent head coach after Leach's death.
Coaches
Note: All stats current through the completion of the 2023 season
Mid-season changes
Post-season changes
Rankings
Schedules
All times Central time.
† denotes Homecoming game
Rankings reflect those of the AP poll for weeks 1 through 9. Rankings from Week 10 until the end of the Season reflect those of the College Football Playoff Rankings.
Regular season
The schedule was released on September 20, 2022. The season will begin on August 31, 2023, and will end with the SEC Championship Game on December 2, 2023.
Week Zero
Week One
Week Two
Week Three
Week Four
Week Five
Week Six
Week Seven
Week Eight
Week Nine
Week Ten
Week Eleven
Week Twelve
Week Thirteen
SEC Championship Game
Postseason
Bowl games
For the 2020–2025 bowl cycle, The SEC will have annually eight appearances in the following bowls: Sugar Bowl and Peach Bowl (unless they are selected for playoffs filled by a SEC and at-large team if champion is in the playoffs), Citrus Bowl, Duke's Mayo Bowl, Gator Bowl, Liberty Bowl, Music City Bowl, ReliaQuest Bowl and Texas Bowl. The SEC teams will go to a New Year's Six bowl if a team finishes higher than the champions of Power Five conferences in the final College Football Playoff rankings. The SEC champion are also eligible for the College Football Playoff if they're among the top four teams in the final CFP ranking.
Rankings are from CFP Poll. All times Central Time Zone.
Selection of teams
Bowl eligible ():
Bowl-ineligible ():
Head to head matchups
Updated with the results of all games through November 2023.
SEC vs Power Five matchups
The following games include SEC teams competing against Power Five conferences teams from the (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Notre Dame and Pac-12). All rankings are from the AP Poll at the time of the game.
Note:† Denotes Neutral Site Game
SEC vs Group of Five matchups
The following games include SEC teams competing against "Group of Five" teams from the American, C-USA, MAC, Mountain West and Sun Belt.
Note:† Denotes Neutral Site Game
SEC vs FBS independents matchups
The following games include SEC teams competing against FBS Independents, which includes Army, UConn and UMass.
SEC vs FCS matchups
The Football Championship Subdivision comprises 13 conferences and two independent programs.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Date !! Conference!! Visitor !! Home !! Site !! Score
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 2 || SWAC || Alabama A&M || Vanderbilt || FirstBank Stadium • Nashville, TN || W 47–13
|-
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 2 || Southern || Mercer || #22 Ole Miss || Vaught–Hemingway Stadium • University, MS || W 73–7
|-
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 2 || Missouri Valley || South Dakota || Missouri || Faurot Field • Columbia, MO || W 35–10
|-
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 2 || Southland || Southeastern Louisiana || Mississippi State || Davis Wade Stadium • Mississippi State, MS || W 48–7
|-
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 2 || Ohio Valley || UT Martin || No. 1 Georgia || Sanford Stadium • Athens, GA || W 48–7
|-
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 2 || Southern || Western Carolina || Arkansas || War Memorial Stadium • Little Rock, AR || W 56–13
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 9 || United Athletic || Austin Peay || No. 9 Tennessee || Neyland Stadium • Knoxville, TN || W 30–13
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 9 || United Athletic || Eastern Kentucky || Kentucky || Kroger Field • Lexington, KY || W 28–17
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 9 || Southern || Furman || South Carolina || Williams-Brice Stadium • Columbia, SC || W 47–21
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 9 || SWAC || Grambling State || No. 14 LSU || Tiger Stadium • Baton Rouge, LA || W 72–10
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 9 || Southland || McNeese || Florida || Ben Hill Griffin Stadium • Gainesville, FL || W 49–7
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| September 16 || Southern || Samford || Auburn || Jordan-Hare Stadium • Auburn, AL || W 45–13
|-
| November 18 || United Athletic || Abilene Christian || Texas A&M || Kyle Field • College Station, TX ||
|-
| November 18 || Southern || Chattanooga || Alabama || Bryant-Denny Stadium • Tuscaloosa, AL ||
|}
SEC Records against other conferences
2023–24 records against non-conference foes:
Regular Season
Awards and honors
Players of the week
Totals per school
All-Americans
Currently, the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I-FBS football and Division I men's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources. The system consists of three points for a first-team honor, two points for second-team honor, and one point for third-team honor. Honorable mention and fourth team or lower recognitions are not accorded any points. College Football All-American consensus teams are compiled by position and the player accumulating the most points at each position is named first team consensus all-American. Currently, the NCAA recognizes All-Americans selected by the AP, AFCA, FWAA, TSN, and the WCFF to determine Consensus and Unanimous All-Americans. Any player named to the First Team by all five of the NCAA-recognized selectors is deemed a Unanimous All-American.
Sources:
*American Football Coaches Association All-America Team
*AP All-America team
*The Athletic All-America Team
*CBS Sports All-America Team
*Phil Steele's 2022 Postseason All-American Team
*ESPN All-America Team
*FWAA All-America Team
*Sporting News All-America Team
*USA Today All-America Team
*Walter Camp All-America Team
All-conference teams
The following players earned All-SEC honors. Any teams showing (_) following their name are indicating the number of All-SEC Conference Honors awarded to that university for 1st team and 2nd team respectively.
Source:
First Team
Second Team
Notes:
RS = Return Specialist
AP/ST = All-Purpose/Special Teams Player (not a kicker or returner)
† Two-time first team selection;
‡ Three-time first team selection
Honorable mentions
Alabama:
Arkansas:
Auburn:
Florida:
Georgia:
LSU:
Mississippi State:
Missouri:
Ole Miss:
South Carolina:
Tennessee:
Texas A&M:
Vanderbilt:
All-Academic
First team
Second team
Honorable mentions
Alabama:
Arkansas:
Auburn:
Florida:
Georgia:
LSU:
Mississippi State:
Missouri:
Ole Miss:
South Carolina:
Tennessee:
Texas A&M:
Vanderbilt:
National award winners
2023 College Football Award Winners
Home game attendance
NFL draft
The NFL Draft will be held at Campus Martius Park in Detroit. The Following list includes all SEC Players in the draft.
List of selections
Total picks by school
References |
Dactylis glomerata is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae, commonly known as cock's-foot, orchard grass, or cat grass (due to its popularity for use with domestic cats). It is a cool-season perennial C3 bunchgrass native throughout most of Europe, temperate Asia, and northern Africa.
Distribution
Dactylis glomerata occurs from sea level in the north of its range, to as high as 4,000 meters in altitude in the south of its range in Pakistan. It is widely used for hay and forage.
It is a principal species in the widespread National Vegetation Classification habitat community MG1 (Arrhenatherum elatius grassland) in the United Kingdom, and so can be found with Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat grass).
It can be found in meadows, pasture, roadsides, and rough grassland.
It has been introduced into North America, New Zealand and Australia, and is now widely naturalised. In some areas, it has become an invasive species.
Description
Cock's-foot grows in dense perennial tussocks to tall, with grey-green leaves long and up to broad, and a distinctive tufted triangular flowerhead long, which may be either green or red- to purple-tinged (usually green in shade, redder in full sun), turning pale grey-brown at seed maturity. The spikelets are long, typically containing two to five flowers. It has a characteristic flattened stem base which distinguishes it from many other grasses.
It flowers from June to September.
Taxonomy
Dactylis glomerata is treated as the sole species in the genus Dactylis by some authors, while others include one to four other species. It is commonly divided into several regional subspecies, particularly by those authors accepting only the single species:
Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata. Widespread; described from Europe.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. altaica. Central Asia.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. himalayensis. (syn. D. himalayensis). Western Himalaya.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica (syn. D. hispanica). Mediterranean, SW Asia.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. ibizensis. Balearic Islands.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. judaica
Dactylis glomerata subsp. juncinella. Spain.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. lobata (syn. D. glomerata subsp. aschersoniana, D. aschersoniana, D. polygama). Central Europe.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. lusitanica. Portugal.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. marina (syn. D. marina). Western Mediterranean region, Iberia, Canary Islands.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. reichenbachii. Italy.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. santai
Dactylis glomerata subsp. slovenica. Central Europe.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. smithii (syn. D. smithii). Macaronesia.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. woronowii (syn. D. woronowii). Russia.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata and subsp. hispanica are tetraploid forms with 28 chromosomes; some of the other subspecies, including subsp. himalayensis and subsp. lobata are diploid, with 2n = 14. Hexaploid forms with 42 chromosomes are also known, but rare. Tetraploid forms are larger and coarser than diploid forms.
Cultivation and uses
Cock's-foot is widely used as a hay grass and for pastures because of its high yields and sugar content, which makes it sweeter than most other temperate grasses. In dry areas as in much of Australia, Mediterranean subspecies such as subsp. hispanica are preferred for their greater drought tolerance. It requires careful grazing management; if it is undergrazed it becomes coarse and unpalatable.
In some areas to which it has been introduced, cock's-foot has become an invasive weed, notably some areas of the eastern United States.
As with other grasses, the pollen can cause allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in some people.
The grass is popularly grown to satisfy the craving of domestic cats to chew grass, hence its colloquial name cat grass.
The seeds were first collected by Rogers Parker in Hertfordshire; this was then developed by the agricultural reformer Coke of Norfolk. Parker's estate, Munden, near Bricket Wood, was inherited by the botanist George Hibbert.
Butterfly foodplant
The caterpillars of many butterfly species feed on cock's foot, including:
Meadow brown (Maniola jurtina)
Wall brown (Lasiommata megera)
Gatekeeper (Pyronia tithonus)
Large skipper (Ochlodes venata)
Essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola)
Small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris)
Zabulon skipper (Poanes zabulon)
Speckled wood (Pararge aegeria)
References
Pooideae
Bunchgrasses of Africa
Bunchgrasses of Asia
Bunchgrasses of Europe
Flora of temperate Asia
Flora of North Africa
Grasses of India
Grasses of Pakistan
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Butterfly food plants
Forages |
```java
package com.github.jvmgo.instructions.stack;
import com.github.jvmgo.instructions.base.NoOperandsInstruction;
import com.github.jvmgo.rtda.Frame;
import com.github.jvmgo.rtda.OperandStack;
import com.github.jvmgo.rtda.Slot;
public class dup2_x1 extends NoOperandsInstruction {
@Override
public int getOpCode() {
return 0x5d;
}
@Override
public void execute(Frame frame) throws Exception {
OperandStack operandStack = frame.getOperandStack();
Slot slot1 = operandStack.popSlot();
Slot slot2 = operandStack.popSlot();
Slot slot3 = operandStack.popSlot();
operandStack.pushSlot(slot2);
operandStack.pushSlot(slot1);
operandStack.pushSlot(slot3);
operandStack.pushSlot(slot2);
operandStack.pushSlot(slot1);
}
}
``` |
Ashish Yadav (born 1 September 1985) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Uttar Pradesh in the 2010–11 Ranji Trophy on 1 December 2010. He was the leading wicket-taker for Railways in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy, with eleven dismissals in six matches.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Railways cricketers
Uttar Pradesh cricketers |
Tipula obsoleta is a species of cranefly.
Distribution
Widespread throughout the West Palaearctic.
References
Tipulidae
Diptera of Europe
Insects described in 1818 |
For telecommunications, a frequency grid is a table of all the central frequencies (and corresponding wavelengths) of channels allowed in a communications system.
The most common frequency grid used for fiber-optic communication is that used for channel spacing in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) at wavelengths around 1550 nm and defined by ITU-T G.694.1. The grid is defined relative to 193.1 THz and extends from 191.7 THz to 196.1 THz with 100 GHz spacing. While defined in frequency, the grid is often expressed in terms of wavelength, in which case it covers the wavelength range of 1528.77 nm to 1563.86 nm with approximately a 0.8 nm channel spacing.
For practical purposes, the grid has been extended to cover 186 THz to 201 THz and subdivided to provide 50 GHz and 25 GHz spaced grids.
References
External links
Complete ITU grid table for 100 Ghz spacing
International Standardization Activities on Optical Interfaces
Multiplexing
ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T G Series Recommendations |
Miguel Ángel Fernández-Palacios Martínez (born 1 October 1965), is a Spanish politician and diplomat who is currently the Ambassador to NATO since September 2018.
He has also been Spain's ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia, with concurrence also in the Seychelles and Djibouti.
Biography
Miguel Ángel Fernández-Palacios was born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria on 1 October 1965.
He completed his primary and secondary studies at the Colegio Oficial Alemán in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and later graduated in law at the Complutense University of Madrid, where he completed his Doctorate in Law. He also obtained a diploma in European Relations from the Catholic Institute of Paris.
In his early diplomatic career, he was assigned to the Spanish diplomatic missions in Algiers, The Hague, and Tegucigalpa.
He has been head of the United Nations and Western Europe area at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and advisor for International Affairs to the Ministry of Defence. In June 2005, he was appointed director of the cabinet of the defense minister.
In 2006, Fernández-Palacios was appointed ambassador of Spain in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
In 2008, he was General Director of the Cabinet of the President of the Congress of Deputies, José Bono.
From 2011 to 2015, Fernández-Palacios was Ambassador of Spain Ethiopia, Djibouti and Seychelles, as well as Permanent Representative Observer to the African Union.
In March 2017, the diplomatic staff of the Spanish Embassy in Kinshasa was evacuated after the headquarters was hit by a shell. Ambassador Miguel Ángel Fernández-Palacios and the rest of the officials were evicted in tanks by Uruguayan soldiers from the UN mission, amid a hail of gunfire. The evacuees were sheltered in a building under the United Nations flag.
He held the position of Counselor for Parliamentary Affairs in the Permanent Representation of Spain to the European Union.
In September 2018, Fernández-Palacios became the ambassador to NATO.
References
1965 births
Living people
Spanish politicians
Spanish diplomats
Permanent Representatives of Spain to NATO
Ambassadors of Spain to Ethiopia
Ambassadors of Spain to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ambassadors of Spain to Seychelles
Ambassadors of Spain to Djibouti
People from Las Palmas |
Enulius roatanensis, the Roatan long-tailed snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. The species is found in Honduras.
References
Enulius
Endemic fauna of Honduras
Reptiles of Honduras
Reptiles described in 1999 |
The Russian 201st Military Base (; ) is a Russian military base based in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, part of the Central Military District. It was originally raised twice in World War II as part of the Soviet Union's Red Army and is now part of the Russian Ground Forces.
The Great Patriotic War
201st Rifle Division (first formation)
The division was formed as Red Army national unit on 3 August 1941 in Gorokhovets, Vladimir Oblast, Moscow Military District from remains of the 24th Territorial Rifle Corps.
It was originally designated as the 201st Latvian Rifle Division, the first of three "national" divisions of the recently occupied Baltic states by the Soviets. The basis of the division was the 76th Independent Latvian Rifle Regiment which was in turn formed from the two Latvian volunteer battalions that participated in the retreats of the Red Army, including the defence of Tallinn. It had been established in August 1941 at Gorki (today Nizhny Novgorod) Gorokhovetz Army Camp. In addition to the much depleted 76th regiment (about 1200 troops), were added 2500 Latvian speaking members of the state militia (police) and NKVD, as well as the predominantly Latvian speaking 582nd Construction Battalion, and members of the 24th Corps which was the territorial reserve formation in Latvia which failed to form due to rapid German advance.
At this time the composition of the division included the 92nd, 122nd and 191st Rifle Regiments, 220th Artillery Regiment, 10th Independent AAA Battery, 170th Independent Signals Battalion, and other support units. By December 1941 the division had 10,348 personnel, of whom 51% were ethnic Latvians, 26% ethnic Russians, 17% Jews and 6% others. This caused some problems since most Jews spoke Yiddish only, and the Latvians published the divisional paper Latvijas strēlnieks (Latvian Rifleman) in Latvian. At least 70 Jewish members of the division were members of the Zionist Beitar organisation that had been training members for travel to the then Palestine to defend Jewish settlements there before Latvia was annexed by Soviet Union.
The first combat the division experienced was during the counter-offensive at Moscow in the areas of Naro-Fominsk and Borovsk where it suffered 55% casualties. By June 1942 only 36% of the division were Latvian-speaking, and a year later this figure was reduced to 32%. However, in part this was due to the formation of a second Latvian division, the 308th Latvian Rifle Division. The division was reflagged as the 43rd Guards Rifle Division in October 1942.
The division joined in combat for Moscow (from 20 December 1941 until 20 January 1942), for Staraya Russa (from 16 February 1942 until 4 April), Demjansk bridgehead (from 6 April 1942 until 9 April 1943; see also Demyansk Shield); from 10 April 1943 until 15 October the division was in Staraya Russa region, from 18 October 1943 until 26 June 1944 in Velikiye Luki and Novorzhev region. From 26 June 1944 until 11 July the division was included with the 130th Latvian Riflemen Corps until crossing the Latvian border (22nd Army). From 18 July 1944 Šķaune region and joined combat on Latvian soil on 7 November 1944.
The division also included other Latvian citizens who were behind the Soviet front line and a large number of Russia's Latvians. Beginning strength was about 2,100 men. In September 1941 the division had about 10,000 men. The division contained the 92nd, 122nd and 191st Rifle Regiments and 220th Artillery Regiment. On 5 October 1942 it became the 43rd Latvian Guard Riflemen Division. Regiments assigned to this Division were the 121st, 123rd, and 125th Guard Rifle Regiments and the 94th Guard Artillery Regiment, the 270th Artillery Battalion which was renamed to the 55th Guard Artillery Battalion, the 48th Guard Antitank Artillery Battalion, the 100th Antiaircraft Battery which was renamed to the 44th Guard Antiaircraft Battery, the 53rd Sapper Battalion which was renamed to the 47th Guard Sapper Battalion. The division was commanded by Guard Major General Jānis Veikins, Regiment Commander L. Paegle, Regiment Commander A. Frolovs, Guard Major General Detlavs Brantkalns and Alfrēds Kalniņš.
201st Rifle Division (2nd formation)
Border detachments of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (the NKVD) had been resisting the Finnish advance from June 22, 1941. On September 21, 1941, the combined detachment of Border Guards, including the 3rd Border Guard Detachment, became a separate rifle brigade of the NKVD Border Troops by 23rd Army Headquarters Order No. 88. On August 14, 1942, in pursuance of the Decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 2100-ss, dated July 26, 1942,, directives of the headquarters of the Leningrad Front No. 1/18949 of July 30, 1942, and the headquarters of the 23rd Army No. 001002 of August 5, 1942, the separate rifle brigade of the border troops of the NKVD guarding the rear of the Leningrad Front was transferred to the Red Army and reorganized into the 27th separate rifle brigade in accordance with Shtat No. 04/330 - 04/342.
The 201st Rifle Division was formed in accordance with the directive of the commander of the Leningrad Front, General of the Army L.A. Govorov No. 1/15885 of May 25, 1943. The formation of the division took place north of Leningrad in the village of Lekhtusi (, Lehtusi) combining the 27th Independent Rifle Brigade and the 13th Brigade of the defence forces of Leningrad. Another report says the brigade was raised at Shlisselburg, near Leningrad, in November 1943 within the 23rd Army.
It served in the Leningrad and Baltic coast areas. Aside from the usual components of the rifle division in 1943, the division also had a separate battalion equipped with snow skis, and each regiment had a snow ski equipped company to serve as advance detachments. In September the division was transferred to the 3rd Army.
The initial composition of the division included:
92nd Rifle Regiment (former 3rd, 5th, 33rd and 102nd Border Guard detachments from the Karelian peninsula Border Guard Brigade)
122nd Rifle Regiment (former 13th Leningrad Internal Security Brigade)
191st Rifle Regiment (was created from detachments of a naval infantry brigade of the Baltic Fleet)
220th Artillery Regiment
256th Separate Communications Battalion
119th Separate Reconnaissance Company
122nd Separate Reconnaissance Company(ski)
198th Separate Anti-Tank Division
51st Separate Sapper Battalion
53rd Separate Sapper Battalion
49th Separate Medical-Sanitary Battalion
20th Separate Auto-Delivery Company
136th Separate Chemical Company
The division's first commander was Colonel Vyacheslav Petrovich Yakutovich.
In January 1944 the division was assigned to the 122nd Rifle Corps. The division received the title Gatchina for its role in breaking the siege of Leningrad and received its first Order of the Red Banner during the war. Following the relief of the siege the division incorporated several partisan detachments and groups which were used to strengthen the reconnaissance and ski equipped units. In February the division was transferred to the 117th Rifle Corps, and soon after was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the capturing of Luga.
In June 1944 the division was serving with the 8th Army before moving to participate in the assault on Narva, for which the 191st regiment was awarded the honorific Narvsky. On 5 August 1944 the division was transferred to the 2nd Shock Army, and participated in the battles to break the Panther Line, after which it was withdrawn for a brief reconstitution, and a movement by train to the Pskov area of operations with the rest of the army. During the further battles in the Baltic republics the 191st Rifle Regiment was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky for destroying the German 23rd Infantry Regiment (12th Infantry Division) and two Latvian SS battalions. In the process of these battles the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the regiment at one time were reduced to 20–30 men while the 3rd Battalion ceased to exist. In October 1944 the division participated in the Soviet re-occupation of Riga after which the division was transferred to the 1st Baltic Front and participated in the containment of the Courland encirclement of Wehrmacht forces. From March 1945 the division was in the 1st Rifle Corps of the 1st Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front). However, by May 1945 it had joined the 119th Rifle Corps. On 1 October 1945 the division completed its movement to Dushanbe in Tajikistan.
Cold War and post-independence
Post-war
Following post-war reductions, the division was reflagged as the 325th Rifle Brigade, but in 1948 was again reflagged as the 27th Mountain Rifle Division. It remained within 119th Rifle Corps through the corps' redesignation as 33rd Rifle Corps in 1955 and then 33rd Army Corps in 1957. As a mountain division, it included receiving pack mountain 75mm guns for its artillery regiment that were of the 1905 model with their manufacturer's plate stating they were manufactured in St. Petersburg. In 1958, following post-Stalinist reforms, the division was reduced to the 451st Mountain Rifle Regiment, but in the next year it was reformed albeit as the 124th Motor Rifle Division (cadre, about fifteen per cent strong), including the 401st Tank Regiment. It reverted to the 201st Gatchina Motor Rifle Division in 1965. From 1960 the division's artillery regiment was the 998th Artillery Regiment Starokonstantinovsky, which later became a self-propelled regiment. In the 1960s the division also received the 1098th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment.
The first military parade in Stalinabad took place with the participation of the 201st Rifle Division took place on 7 November 1945.
In 1968 the 33rd Army Corps moved to Kemerovo in the Siberian Military District and thus the 201st MRD joined the 17th Army Corps with its headquarters at Dushanbe.
Afghanistan
As part of the Central Asian Military District, the division participated in the invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979, when it entered Afghanistan with the 40th Army. It was stationed in Kunduz province. At this time the division lost the 92nd Motor Rifle Regiment, left behind in Dushanbe to become part of the replacement 134th Motor Rifle Division, and the 191st Motor Rifle Regiment, which was detached under the direct control of the 40th Army as the 191st Separate Motor Rifle Regiment, garrisoned southeast of Ghazni. The division gained the 149th Guards Chenstokhova Motor Rifle Regiment of the 128th Guards Motor Rifle Division and the 395th Motor Rifle Regiment of the 3rd Guards Motor Rifle Division. The division headquarters, the 220th Artillery Regiment, 149th Guards and other smaller units were stationed in Kunduz, while the 122nd MRR was based in Tashkurgan and the 395th MRR in Puli-Khumri. The tank regiment remained in Samarkand and was replaced by the 285th Tank Regiment from the 60th Tank Division.
During its service in Afghanistan the division largely coordinated its operations with the Afghan Army's 18th (Mazar-i-Sharif) and 20th (Baglan) Infantry Divisions, as well as the 10th and 31st Infantry Regiments.
In 1985, the division received a second Order of the Red Banner. The division used BMP-1 and BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicles, BTR-60 and BTR-70 armoured personnel carriers, T-62 tanks and Gvozdika 122mm self-propelled guns. The last Soviet vehicle to leave Afghanistan on 15 February 1989 was a BTR-60 from the 201st. The BTR-60 is still kept to the present day as a memorial.
Following its withdrawal, the 191st MRR was returned to the division, while it retained the 149th Guards MRR.
The Tajik Civil War
At the time the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the 201st was stationed in Tajikistan. Newly independent Tajikistan fell apart in 1992 – the Tajikistan Civil War. Most of the conscripts were raised in Tajikistan and deserted while the Russian officers kept control of the division’s equipment after its subunits were reinforced with Russian spetsnaz troops. In September 1992, Russian President Yeltsin reinstated the division under firm Russian control. The CIS formed the Collective Peacekeeping Force in Tajikistan, and the 201st formed its core.
The 201st Motor Rifle Division, with the support of loyal Tajik forces, attacked Dushanbe. Russian and Tajik force entered and seized control of the city in December 1992. After the capital was recaptured, offensives were launched in Kofarnikhon and Kurgan-Tyube. Both cities fell quickly and the major concentrations of Islamist rebels were scattered. However, in 1995, Islamist insurgents assaulted one of the bases of the 201st in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region and ambushed a convoy near Kalashum, 200 km east of Dushanbe. The division launched a counterattack supported by ground attack aircraft and attack helicopters. On April 19, the 201st launched an offensive into Gorno-Badach and advanced 20 kilometres, forcing the Islamists out of several bases.
In 1996 the division's sapper battalion participated in border region mine clearance operations with Tajikistan forces.
In 2001 the division was deployed to the Afghanistan border in expectation of the US attack on Afghanistan, and possible attempts by the Taliban to cross the border into Tajikistan.
From 2003 onwards
On 13 August 2003 the 201st Motor Rifle Division participated in a joint exercise with the Tajik military 10 km southwest of Dushanbe at the Lyaur testing ground.
At one point during the civil war in Tajikistan, soldiers of the 201st Motor Rifle Division safely escorted staff of the US Embassy in Dushanbe to the airport for evacuation. This marks the only time in history that Americans have officially asked for and been given protection by the Russian military.
In October 2004, it was renamed the 201st Military Base. In October 2012, it was signed an agreement extending the term of deployment of the Russian military base in Tajikistan until 2042. Within the planned rearmament, about 100 units of new equipment, mostly the BTR-82A armored personnel carriers, as well as more than 10 T-72B1 tanks, have been delivered to the 201st Military Base in 2016, as well as a Borisoglebsk-2 EW system and a Garmony air defence radar plus Silok anti-drone EW complexes delivered in 2018. A battalion of unmanned aviation armed with Orlan-10 drones was formed in 2019. A first-ever divisional set of the air defense system S-300PS has entered combat duty at the Russian 201st military base in Tajikistan, the Central Military District’s press-service told TASS on Saturday, 26 October 2019. 14 vehicles, including 8 modernized BMP-2Ms IFVs, were delivered in March 2020 and two Mi-8MTV5-1 combat transport helicopters in September 2020. 20 Verba MANPADS were delivered in June 2021 and 17 BMP-2Ms in the next August. The base furthermore received the Kalashnikov AK-12 assault rifles and Yarygin handguns to replace Makarov pistols, ASVK-M large-caliber army sniper rifles, long-range flamethrowers and a batch of Kornet anti-tank missiles as of August 2021. NSV Utes heavy machine guns entered service with the base in September 2021 and Aistenok reconnaissance and fire control systems in November. 30 modernized T-72B3M tanks entered service in December 2021 and 12 communications vehicles in early 2022.
On September 14, 2022, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty reported amidst heavy fighting and Russian casualties during the War in Ukraine, that 1,500 troops from the unit were deployed to Ukraine as well as up to 600 more would be deployed from there and other Russian units in Bokhtar. The base's chief media officer, Vasily Makhovoy, would neither confirm, nor deny the claim. Reportedly, soldiers on base and local civilians noticed the drop in presence from the unit's personnel, further indicating this claim.
Subordinated units and fighting strength
201st Motor Rifle Division (base)
92nd Motor Rifle Regiment – Giprozemgorodok Garrison, Dushanbe
149th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment – Kulyab Garrison
191st Motor Rifle Regiment – Kurgan-Tyube Garrison
998th Artillery Regiment (withdrawn from Tajikistan 2006)
1098th Air Defence Regiment (withdrawn from Tajikistan 2006)
Separate Tank Battalion (withdrawn from Tajikistan 2006)
783rd Separate Reconnaissance Battalion
340th Separate Repair and Restoration Battalion
636th Separate Service Support Battalion
252nd Separate Communications Battalion
212th Separate Communications Battalion (territorial)
303rd Separate Helicopter Squadron using four Mi-24 and four Mi-8 helicopters
670th Air Group (squadron) equipped with five SU-25 aircraft, subordinated to the 201st Military Base Command to which also belongs the 201st Division.
Total strength
6,000–7,000 men
96 tanks (T-72B3)
300 armoured personnel carriers (BTR-82A)
54 artillery pieces
1,100 other vehicles
Orlan-10 UAV
8 helicopters
5 ground attack aircraft
References
Orr, M.J. The Russian Garrison in Tajikistan- 201st Gatchina Twice Red Banner Motor Rifle Division. The Conflict Studies Research Centre. Camberly Surrey, England 2001.
Cooper, Tom. Tajikistan 1992–1997 www.acig.org, September, 2003.
Pravda Online
http://samsv.narod.ru/Div/Sd/sd201/default.html
Атаев Р.С. Подумаем над этим (О термине "таджикско-афганская граница"), "Солдат России" газета 201-й МСД, №65 от 1 октября 1994 г., Душанбе.
External links
History of the division (in Russian)
BBC Russian Service: Российские ветераны войны в Таджикистане – без статуса
Youtube: Таджикистан получил российское оружие для укрепления границы с Афганистаном
201
201
Military units and formations established in 1965
Military units and formations awarded the Order of the Red Banner
Military installations of Russia in other countries
Russia–Tajikistan relations |
```java
/*
*
*/
package io.debezium.connector.mysql;
import io.debezium.connector.binlog.BinlogMultiTableStatementIT;
/**
* @author Jiri Pechanec
*/
public class MultiTableStatementIT extends BinlogMultiTableStatementIT<MySqlConnector> implements MySqlCommon {
}
``` |
Pop is the only studio album by the English post-punk band Tones on Tail, a side project of the Bauhaus members Daniel Ash and Kevin Haskins (who later went on to form Love and Rockets with David J), and the Bauhaus roadie Glenn Campling. It was released on 6 April 1984 by the Beggars Banquet record label.
Critical reception
Trouser Press opined, "while Pop [...] reveals some draggy recidivist Bauhaus tendencies, it also has real songs of modern music that show taste, delicacy and moderate imagination". AllMusic called it "an impressive, wide-ranging effort collaging a range of influences into an inspired, often unpredictable experience".
Dave Thompson, in Alternative Rock, considered the album "more serviceable ideas than realized majesty", but nonetheless a recording that "holds its place in time".
Spin wrote, "There is something elusive and haunting about their music. This first album provides no immediate hooks or grooves, no instant good time. But give a serious two-ear listen, and you'll be surprised by its hypnotic power."
Track listing
Personnel
Tones on Tail
Daniel Ash — vocals, guitar, production
Glenn Campling — bass, production
Kevin Haskins — drums, percussion, production
Additional personnel
Juan Pedro Diego Ignatius Barraclough y Valls – rhythm guitar on "War"
Caroline Lavelle – cello on "Performance"
Technical
Ted Sharp – engineering on tracks A3 and B1–B4
Derek Tompkins – engineering on tracks A3 and B1–B4
Louis Austin – engineering on track A5
Mr. Atlas – album cover photography
References
External links
Tones on Tail albums
1984 debut albums
Beggars Banquet Records albums
Albums recorded at Rockfield Studios |
```smalltalk
namespace Asp.Versioning;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
public class LowestImplementedApiVersionSelectorTest
{
[Theory]
[ClassData( typeof( MinSelectVersionData ) )]
public void select_version_should_return_min_api_version( IEnumerable<ApiVersion> supportedVersions, IEnumerable<ApiVersion> deprecatedVersions, ApiVersion expectedVersion )
{
// arrange
var options = new ApiVersioningOptions() { DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion( 42, 0 ) };
var selector = new LowestImplementedApiVersionSelector( options );
var request = Mock.Of<HttpRequest>();
var versionInfo = new ApiVersionModel( supportedVersions, deprecatedVersions );
// act
var selectedVersion = selector.SelectVersion( request, versionInfo );
// assert
selectedVersion.Should().Be( expectedVersion );
}
}
``` |
Anders Erik Lundin (born 8 September 1958) is a Swedish television host, comedian and lyricist. Lundin was one of the first hosts in the world to host the show Expedition Robinson, also known as Survivor.
Lundin co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 along with Kattis Ahlström and, 2003–10, was every summer host for the successful song show Allsång på Skansen. He has also hosted the show Allt för Sverige which takes Americans to Sweden to learn more about their Swedish ancestry.
See also
List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters
References
External links
Info on Anders Lundin
1958 births
Swedish television hosts
Living people
Entertainers from Stockholm
Swedish comedians
Swedish schoolteachers |
CRS4, also known as Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (Italian: Centro di Ricerca, Sviluppo e Studi Superiori in Sardegna), is an interdisciplinary research center, founded by the Sardinia Autonomous Region on November 30, 1990. Since 2003, the center is located in the Technology Park of Sardinia, in the Comune of Pula. Several companies and research groups have chosen to establish their activities on this campus, giving rise to a thriving R&D community.
CRS4 is a private research center, but its shareholder is a regional agency: Sardegna Ricerche.
The center, initially headed by the Nobel Prize in Physics Carlo Rubbia (1990 to 1999), has had the following Presidents: Nicola Cabibbo (2000 to 2003), Carlo Rubbia (2003 to 2006), Paolo Zanella (2006 to 2014), Luigi Filippini (2014 to 2017), Annalisa Bonfiglio (2017 to 2020). Giacomo Cao, Sole Administrator (2020).
A young graduate student, Antonio Ticca, during his stage at CRS4 made the first Italian Website (www.crs4.it) in August 1993 (this is the real date, not the one cited in the press article), and with Francesco Ruggiero collaborated to the creation of the first European web newspaper in 1994 (L'Unione Sarda) and to one of the first and largest internet providers (Video On Line). In this sense CRS4 has been crucial for the development of the Internet and Web in Sardinia and Italy.
Today about 150 researchers are working at CRS4 and the 6 main strategic research sectors are:
Biosciences
Computational Infrastructure and Smart Projects
Digital Technologies for Aerospace
HPC for Energy and Environment
ICT - Information Society
Visual and Data-Intensive Computing
CRS4 is one of the major Italian Computing Centers and is equipped with the first Genotyping and massive DNA Sequencing Platform in Italy
Notes
External links
Sardegna Ricerche (in English)
CRS4 (in English and Italian)
Scientific research foundations
Sardinia |
Newcastle Blue Star F.C. is a football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It was established in 1930 and joined the Wearside League in 1973. In 1978, it won the FA Vase. Having won promotion to the Northern Premier League Premier Division at the end of the 2008–09 season via the play-offs, off field troubles led to the club winding up having never taken its place in the league. In 2018 the club was reborn playing games at Scotswood in the West End of the city. They currently play in the Northern League Division Two, the tenth tier of the English football league system.
History
Formed in 1930 as Newcastle Blue Star, the club was entered into the Newcastle Business Houses League two years later. The club would play in this league for six seasons before moving onto the North East Amateur League. Spells in the Tyneside Amateur League and Northern Combination would follow.
In 1973, under the name Blue Star Welfare, the club had advanced to the Wearside League. It was crowned champions during its first season in the league. It repeated the success in the 1975–76 season adding the championship to its name again. It also achieved victory in the FA Vase, beating Barton Rovers at Wembley 2–1.
By the 1979 season, the club was named simply Blue Star. The early 1980s was a successful time for the club. It won the Wearside League in three consecutive seasons. Around this time it also reached the First Round proper of the FA Cup, knocked out by York City, losing 2–0 at Bootham Crescent.
In 1992, a consortium placed a bid to buy cash-strapped Fourth Division side Maidstone United with the intention of moving it to the north-east and merging with Blue Star, thus giving Blue Star league football. The bid was turned down by Maidstone chairman Jim Thompson.
Northern League era
The club entered into the Northern League Division Two for the 1985–86 season, emphatically winning it. It won 36 out of 38 games, only dropping points in two games (one a draw, the other a loss). Also in that season, the club scored a very high 133 goals. In 1986, the name was reverted to its original title of Newcastle Blue Star.
Newcastle Blue Star had moved up to the Northern League Division One and came very close to winning it in 1987–88. By the early 1990s, the club had a slump in the league, finishing generally in the lower half of the table. From 1994 until 1998, the club was known as RTM Newcastle, soon changing it back to Newcastle Blue Star.
The club was relegated to Division Two for the 1999–00 season, but bounced straight back up with a runners-up spot. Unable to regain the form of previous years, Newcastle spent three seasons in the lower regions of the table, the last of which was a bottom place finish and subsequent relegation.
In 2004–05, Newcastle Blue Star was promoted into the Northern League Division One after ending the season in third place. Under the management of Eric Tait, Blue Star had a fantastic return to Division One, winning it for the first time and also completing the double by winning the Northern League Cup. Unfortunately for the club, it was not promoted because their Wheatsheaf Ground did not reach league standards.
2007–2009
It was announced as of the 2007–08 season that Blue Star would share the 10,200 capacity Kingston Park stadium with rugby side Newcastle Falcons. The ground change allowed the club to progress to the Northern Premier League Division One North which stands at level 8 on the football pyramid.
In September 2007, Tommy Cassidy was appointed manager, joining from Workington. As of March 2008, Workington were still claiming £10,000 compensation.
On 8 March 2008, Newcastle Blue Star asked the FA if they could take the place of the relegated team in the league. The reason being that the costs of playing in this division were too high, and this could be due to the fact that they are the only Newcastle based team in the division, and at least 9 of the opposing teams are in the Manchester area, meaning the team have to pay for a coach to every away game, and paying costs for the visitors at a home game. The Northern League (the feeder division that Newcastle came from) had said that they would welcome the team back. This was confirmed on 26 March that Blue Star would be relegated in place of the bottom placed team in the league. However, on 4 April it was announced that the league allowed Blue Star to stay in the Northern Premier League as they had withdrawn their request.
On 26 March 2008, the club announced Paul Baker as the club's new manager. He succeeded Tommy Cassidy who left the club to pursue management at a higher level than the proposed drop back to Northern League offered.
On Wednesday 9 April 2008, Newcastle Blue Star scored two goals in the first 47 seconds of their 3–0 win over Bamber Bridge. This is believed to be a world record.
In the 2008–09 season, Newcastle Blue Star finished 3rd in the Northern Premier League Division One North but were promoted to the Northern Premier League Premier Division after a 4–1 victory over Curzon Ashton at Kingston Park in the Play-off final.
On Monday 11 May 2009, it was announced that the club was facing the possibility of folding after being hit with a demand to repay £65,000 of loans previously made by the Football Stadia Improvement Fund to improve the club's former Wheatsheaf Ground; this on the basis that the club was no longer playing there. Although it was offered the option of repaying the debt in instalments, the club chose to cease operations in June 2009.
2018 reformation
In 2018, a local businessman saw fit to reform the club, with teams from U8's through to seniors. The current Newcastle Blue Star play at Scotswood, in the West End of the city. The club currently plays in the Northern Football Alliance, the seventh tier of non-league football in England (overall eleventh tier).
The club is located next door to the sports centre and boxing club, also known as Grainger Park. The clubhouse was officially opened in October 2018 by Lady Elsie Robson. The venue was named the Sir Bobby Robson Lounge.
In May 2023 and after winning the Northern Football Alliance, Blue Star were promoted back to the Northern League Division Two.
Management
First team
Reserves
Under 18
Over 40
First team squad
Honours
FA Vase
Winners: 1977–78
Northern Premier League Division One North
Playoff winners: 2008–09
Northern League Division One
Champions: 2005–06
Runners-up: 1987–88
Northern League Division Two
Champions: 1985–86
Runners-up: 1999–2000
Promoted: 2004–05
Northern League Cup
Winners: 1985–86, 2005–06
Runners-up: 1990–91
Wearside League
Winners: 1973–74, 1975–76, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85
Runner-up: 1974–75, 1977–78, 1979–80
References
External links
Football clubs in Tyne and Wear
Association football clubs established in 1930
Association football clubs disestablished in 2009
1930 establishments in England
2009 disestablishments in England
Tyneside Amateur League
Wearside Football League
Northern Football League
Sport in Newcastle upon Tyne
Works association football teams in England |
WZOK (97.5 FM), branded as 97ZOK, is a radio station serving the Rockford, Illinois area with a Top 40 (CHR) format. It is under ownership of Townsquare Media.
On August 30, 2013, a deal was announced in which Townsquare would acquire 53 Cumulus Media stations, including WZOK, for $238 million. The deal was part of Cumulus' acquisition of Dial Global; Townsquare and Dial Global were both controlled by Oaktree Capital Management. The sale to Townsquare was completed on November 14, 2013.
History
WROK-FM signed on the air in 1949, and in 1976, the call letters changed to the current WZOK. In late 1980, WZOK changed its format from AOR to its current Top 40/CHR format, and was the dominant CHR station in the Rockford metropolitan area, including portions of Northern Illinois such as Belvidere, Cherry Valley, DeKalb, and Woodstock, and portions of Southern Wisconsin such as Janesville and Beloit.
References
Previous logo
External links
97 ZOK - Official Website
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States
ZOK
Radio stations established in 1949
Townsquare Media radio stations
1949 establishments in Illinois |
Cebeci railway station () is a railway station in Ankara, Turkey, on the Başkentray commuter rail line, part of the Turkish State Railways network. Cebeci railway station was put into service in 1972 and became a stop of the Sincan-Kayaş commuter rail line. The station was closed in 2016 and then demolished, it started its reconstruction in 2017 and opened on April 12, 2018.
References
Railway stations in Ankara Province
Railway stations opened in 1972
Railway stations in Turkey opened in the 1970s |
The Flag Tower of Hanoi () is a tower in Hanoi, Vietnam, which is one of the symbols of the city and once a part of the Hanoi Citadel, a World Heritage Site. Its height is 33.4 m (41 m with the flag).
History
The tower was built in 1812 during the Nguyen dynasty as an observation post to the Hanoi Citadel. Unlike many other structures in Hanoi, it was not destroyed during the French invasion (1896-1897), and was continuously used as a military post. It is now located in the Vietnam Military History Museum.
Architecture
Cột cờ is composed of three tiers and a pyramid-shaped tower with a spiral staircase leading to the top inside it. The first tier is 42.5 m wide and 3.1 m high; the second - 25 m wide and 3.7 m high and the third - 12.8 m wide and 5.1 m high. The second tier has four doors. The words "Nghênh Húc" (English: "To welcome dawn's sunlight") are inscribed on the eastern door; the words "Hồi Quang" ("To reflect light") - on the western door and "Hướng Minh" ("Directed to the sunlight") - on the southern door. The tower is lighted by 36 flower-shaped and 6 fan-shaped windows. The National Flag of Vietnam is on top of the tower.
See also
Tower of Hanoi
External links
A description of the tower
A photo of the tower
Satellite photo at Google Maps
Towers completed in 1812
Flag Tower
Buildings and structures in Hanoi
Historical sites in Hanoi |
Viva Nicaragua is a television station on channel 13 in Nicaragua. The channel also airs a mix of domestic and international programs, mainly consisting of news, lifestyle and sports programming, along with imported programming consisting of films, children's programs and drama series.
History
The television station was awarded in 2011 in a contested battle over the closeness of the winners, Celeste, S.A., to the family of President Daniel Ortega Celeste was used as a figurehead by the government in order to achieve the license. The frequency was formerly used by a relayer of TN8, however a spokesman of the government said that the channel was owned by Venezuelan funds. Despite the mix of programming, Viva Nicaragua's profile was intended to be a news channel.
References
External links
Television stations in Nicaragua
Television channels and stations established in 2011 |
Bread is a staple food of Finland. It is served with almost every meal and many different types are produced domestically.
In the Swedish-speaking region of Åland, there are other varieties of bread, the majority of which owe much to Swedish cuisine.
Rye bread
Rye bread (ruisleipä, ruisreikäleipä, reikäleipä, jälkiuunileipä or näkkileipä and hapanleipä () in Finnish) is a dark, sour bread produced in quantity in Finland. It is very popular, like in other Nordic cuisines. Compared with the more internationally popular German style, Finnish rye-breads tend to be less oily or moist in texture. The most common types of Finnish rye bread are not sweet nor do they contain spices like caraway, unlike Swedish rye breads. Rye bread is considered to be the national food of Finland as determined by a vote in 2017. Finland celebrates ruisleivän päivä (rye bread day) on February 28th. As well as traditional breads more modern, softer breads exist as well these days.
Limppu
Traditional Eastern Finnish rye bread is called limppu. The closest translation to English would be "loaf" (although limppu is always round and bulbous, while rectangular loaves are available). This bread is dark, sour in taste, dense, heavy and comparatively dry. Its mouthfeel still remains soft enough to be bitten off easily, and leavening is easily discernible by eye. This kind of bread was usually produced at steady intervals throughout the year, whereas Western Finnish tradition stressed less frequent baking sessions combined with long-term storage.
Limppu is common in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan due to high levels of Finnish immigration and may be found in many pubs and diners across the peninsula.
Reikäleipä
Reikäleipä (), a traditional Western Finnish rye bread, is dried near the kitchen ceiling and preserved over the long winter. Nowadays reikäleipä is available in many forms and stages of aging throughout all of Finland, regardless of season.
Popular commercial rye bread
Vaasan Ruispala (lit. rye piece) is Finland's most popular bread according to the company. It is similar to reikäleipä but caters for an easy single-portion meal with a smaller size and rectangular shape. It borrows from the German rye bread tradition with a more humid and greasier texture than is traditional in Finland, and is made as a pre-cut pair of two halves which preserves the humidity inside but can still be easily separated.
Two competing products are Fazer's Ruispuikulat (a newer competitor) which are oblong in shape, and Oululainen's Reissumies (preceding the Vaasan formulation by about a decade) which are round. Both are distinctly more traditional in formulation than Ruispala, mainly changing the size and shape of a traditional reikäleipä.
Jälkiuunileipä
In western Finland, people used to bake a lot of bread at a time, but rarely. In the east, they used to bake less, but at least weekly. The old tradition was that all bread in the house for the year was baked over a few days, in a large oven that took a long time to cool. Jälkiuunileipä () could still be baked in the residual heat. The longer baking time in the lower temperature gives it a darker color, higher density and hardness than regular rye bread, comparable to a fruit cake. In addition to the traditional reikäleipä shape, there are also rectangular variations available.
Crispbread
Crispbread (näkkileipä) is leavened rye bread that is dried into a thin crisp. They are sometimes made using sourdough. Crispbread is very common throughout the Nordic countries and if stored properly will not spoil for a long time. A variant of crispbread is a thin sour rectangular crisp called hapankorppu. Rectangular crispbread is often associated with schools and other institutions, for example the Koulunäkki and Kunto brands.
Wheat bread
Because traditionally wheat was not as abundant as rye or barley, wheat is mainly used for baking of pastry, scones, and pulla. Nowadays it is often combined with other types of flour to make Karelian pasties, meat pies, and other dishes.
Vesirinkeli
Vesirinkeli () is a small ring of yeast leavened wheat bread which resembles a bagel. They are available in several different varieties.
Other breads
Oat bread
In 2019, Finland produced 1.19 million tonnes of oats (kaura). They are the most commonly produced grain in Finland and bread based on oats is popular, although not as popular as rye breads. The most common use of oats in bread is in rolls, sometimes flat and pre-cut into two halves.
Potato bread
The potato, although a late introduction to Finland, features heavily in the diet and has found its way into many kinds of breads. Usually dough made with potato will be very soft and the bread will be moister and fluffier than plain wheat or oat bread.
Christmas bread
There are several varieties of Christmas breads. Most are made in a similar way to a basic limppu, however they typically include molasses and other Christmas time flavours like orange, cinnamon, fennel, aniseed and caraway.
Korppu
Korppu is a dried, hard and crisp rusk that resembles a small halved bread roll. The sweet versions are often sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar. There are also variations of korppu which are totally flat and unleavened, usually made of rye or oats.
Rieska
Rieska (pronounced ['ries.ka]) is unleavened, usually barley-based, soft flatbread. Simple rieska contains only flour, salt, and water, but industrial bakeries usually use yeast as well. Rieska has many local varieties in different parts of Finland regarding ingredients and preparation. It is usually baked in the oven, or alternatively on a frying pan (like pancake) or even on a heated stone. The dough is sometimes made from rye or potato. Milk rieska is a traditional food in the Ylivieska area, and is made with milk instead of water.
Confectionery
Pulla
Pulla is a cardamom-flavoured, yeast-leavened sweetened bread, often served with coffee. The usual recipe is based on milk, sugar, wheat flour, butter, with yeast and a very small amount of salt as additives, and cardamom or saffron as spices. Pulla is similar to but drier than a brioche, as eggs are not added into the dough. In contrast to many other nationalities' sweetened breads, pulla isn't buttered. When flavored with cinnamon and sugar and cut into spirals before baking, it becomes korvapuusti (cinnamon roll).
Sokerikorppu
A korppu (see above) sweetened with sugar and spiced with cinnamon is called sokerikorppu.
See also
Bagel
Finnish cuisine
Nordic bread culture
External links
Traditional Rye, Ruokatieto
References
Bread
Flatbreads |
Order of the Brilliant Star may refer to:
Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar
Order of Brilliant Star (Taiwan) |
This article outlines the grammar of the Dutch language, which shares strong similarities with German grammar and also, to a lesser degree, with English grammar.
Preliminary considerations
Vowel length is indicated in Dutch spelling using a combination of double vowels and double consonants. Changes from single to double letters are common when discussing Dutch grammar, but they are entirely predictable once one knows how the spelling rules work. This means that the spelling alternations do not form part of the grammar, and they are not discussed here. For more information, see Dutch orthography.
Word order
Dutch word order is underlyingly SOV (subject–object–verb). There is an additional rule called V2 in main clauses, which moves the finite (inflected for subject) verb into the second position in the sentence. Because of this, sentences with only one verb appear with SVO (subject–verb–object) or VSO (verb–subject–object) order.
{| style="font-style:italic"
| Jan||hielp||zijn moeder
|- style="font-style:normal"
|Jan||helped||his mother
|-
| colspan=9 style="font-style:normal" | "Jan helped his mother."
|}
{| style="font-style:italic"
| Gisteren||hielp||Jan||zijn moeder
|- style="font-style:normal"
| Yesterday||helped||Jan||his mother
|-
| colspan=9 style="font-style:normal" | "Yesterday, Jan helped his mother."
|}
However, any other verbs or verbal particles are placed at the end of the clause in accordance with the underlying SOV order, giving an intermediate order of SVOV(V)(V)...
{| style="font-style:italic"
| Jan||wilde||zijn moeder||gaan helpen
|- style="font-style:normal"
|Jan||wanted||his mother||to go help
|-
| colspan=9 style="font-style:normal" | "Jan wanted to go help his mother."
|}
In subordinate clauses, the order is exclusively SOV. In subordinate clauses two word orders are possible for the verb clusters and are referred to as the "red": , "because I have worked": like in English, where the auxiliary verb precedes the past participle, and the "green": , where the past participle precedes the auxiliary verb, "because I worked have": like in German. In Dutch, the green word order is most used in speech, and the red is the most used in writing, particularly in journalistic texts, but the "green" is also used in writing. Unlike in English, however, adjectives and adverbs must precede the verb: , "that the book is green". For an explanation of verb clusters of three or more see: V2 word order
{| style="font-style:italic"
| Jan||zei||dat||hij||zijn moeder||wilde||gaan helpen
|- style="font-style:normal"
|Jan||said||that||he||his mother||wanted||to go help
|-
| colspan=9 style="font-style:normal" | "Jan said that he wanted to go help his mother."
|}
In yes–no questions, the verb of the main clause is usually, but not always, placed first instead of second. If the verb comes second, this often implies disbelief, like in English: "The prisoner escaped?" vs. "Did the prisoner escape?"
{| style="font-style:italic"
|Hielp||Jan||zijn moeder?
|- style="font-style:normal"
|Helped||Jan||his mother?
|-
| colspan=5 style="font-style:normal" | "Did Jan help his mother?"
|}
{| style="font-style:italic"
|Wilde||Jan||zijn moeder||gaan helpen?
|- style="font-style:normal"
|Wanted||Jan||his mother||to go help?
|-
| colspan=5 style="font-style:normal" | "Did Jan want to go help his mother?"
|}
{| style="font-style:italic"
| Zei||Jan||dat||hij||zijn moeder||wilde||gaan helpen?
|- style="font-style:normal"
| Said||Jan||that||he||his mother||wanted||to go help?
|-
| colspan=9 style="font-style:normal" | "Did Jan say that he wanted to go help his mother?"
|}
In imperative sentences, the verb of the main clause is always placed first, although it may be preceded by a noun phrase indicating who is being addressed.
{| style="font-style:italic"
|(Jan,)||ga||je moeder||helpen!
|- style="font-style:normal"
|(Jan,)||go||your mother||help!
|-
| colspan=5 style="font-style:normal" | "(Jan,) go help your mother!"
|}
{| style="font-style:italic"
| (Jan,)||zeg||dat||je||je moeder||wilde||gaan helpen!
|- style="font-style:normal"
| (Jan,)||say||that||you||your mother||wanted||to go help!
|-
| colspan=9 style="font-style:normal" | "(Jan,) say that you wanted to go help your mother!"
|}
In the following example, the SOV order in the subordinate clause causes the various noun phrases to be separated from the verbs that introduce them, creating a relatively deep "nesting" structure:
{| style="font-style:italic"
|Ik zie dat || de ouders || de kinderen || Jan || het huis || hebben || laten || helpen || schilderen.
|- style="font-style:normal"
|I see that || the parents || the children || Jan || the house || have || let || help || paint
|-
| colspan=9 style="font-style:normal" | "I see that the parents have let the children help Jan paint the house."
|}
Adjectives always come before the noun to which they belong.
– red apples
In contrast to English, adpositional phrases come in the order time–manner–place, so that time modifiers usually come before place modifiers:
{| style="font-style:italic"
|Ik|| ben ||dit ||jaar ||naar ||Frankrijk ||geweest
|- style="font-style:normal"
|I|| am ||this ||year ||to ||France ||been
|-
| colspan="7" style="font-style:normal" | "I have been to France this year."
|}
Nouns
In Dutch, nouns are marked for number in singular and plural. Cases have largely fallen out of use, as have the endings that were used for them. Standard Dutch has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. However, in large parts of the Netherlands there is no grammatical distinction between what were originally masculine and feminine genders, and there is only a distinction between common and neuter. Gender is not overtly marked on nouns either, and must be learned for each noun.
Plural
The plural is formed by addition of (pronounced or ) or , with the usual spelling changes in the case of the former. Which of the two is used is somewhat unpredictable, although some general rules can be given:
Single-syllable words, which are common in Dutch, normally use :
"door" →
"boat" →
"house" →
"thief" →
Words ending in a schwa often use , but a sizable number use , particularly if they are older. Some nouns may allow either ending. Nouns that are substantivised forms of adjectives always use .
"aunt" →
"chocolate" →
"messenger" → or
"oxide" →
"great one" →
Relatively modern words ending in a long vowel use (with an apostrophe), but if they end in or then no apostrophe is used. Older ones generally use or (with diaeresis).
"baby" →
"café, bar, pub" →
"pizza" →
"radio" →
"roe" →
(also ) "drawer" → (but in colloquial usage sometimes also )
Words ending in unstressed or usually use . If is allowed it tends to be more archaic or poetic.
"agricultural field" →
"apple" → or (archaic) (note: for the derived noun "potato", the plural is still common, alongside )
"spoon" →
"key" →
"father" → or (archaic)
Initialisms (words pronounced as letters) follow the rules for whatever the final syllable suggests, usually by adding but occasionally :
"vehicle inspection" →
"CD" →
Plurals with vowel change
A number of common nouns inherited from Old Dutch have a short vowel in the singular but a long vowel in the plural. When short is lengthened in this way, it becomes long .
"day" → "days"
"lack, deficiency" → "deficiencies"
"ship" → "ships"
"lock" → "locks" (also the plural of "ditch")
Other nouns with this change include: "bath", "(money) contribution", "command", "sheet of paper; magazine" (not "leaf"), "offer", "roof", "valley", "hole", "prayer", "commandment", "gene", "glass", "god", "duke", "court", "cave; burrow", "member", "lottery ticket", "war", "path", "shot", "strike, battle", "smith", "large game; spectacle" (not in the sense of a smaller everyday game), "staff", "vat, barrel", "ban, prohibition", "treaty", "permission", "road, way".
The noun "town, city" has umlaut in the plural alongside lengthening: "towns, cities". The plural of nouns ending in the suffix "-ness, -hood" is irregular .
Plurals in
A few neuter nouns have a plural in . This ending derives from the old Germanic "z-stem" nouns, and is cognate with the English (, , etc.). The following nouns have this type of plural:
"bone" → (when used in the sense "leg", the plural is the regular )
"leaf" → (when used in the sense "sheet, magazine", the plural is )
"egg" →
"rank, file" →
"mood, emotion" →
"good" →
"fowl" →
"calf" →
"child" →
"cloth" → (archaic) or "clothes" (nowadays a plurale tantum like in English)
"lamb" →
"song" → (somewhat dated; the plural of the diminutive is often used instead: )
"wheel" →
"cattle" →
"people, nation" → (the regular is also used)
When used in compounds, the stem of these nouns usually includes the . For example: "eggshell", "child labour", "traditional costume", "beef tartare". This is not a rule, however, and compounds with the singular form also exist: "egg-shape", "beef".
Foreign plurals
For a number of nouns of Latin origin, a Latin-like plural may be used. Depending on the word and the formalness of the setting, a regular plural in or can also be used.
"museum" → or
"politician" →
Some modern scientific words borrowed from Latin or Greek form their plurals with vowel lengthening, like the native words listed above. These words are primarily Latin agent nouns ending in and names of particles ending in . Alongside the change in vowel length, there is also a stress shift in the plural, patterned on the Latin third declension where this also occurs. In each case, the singular follows a Latin-like stress, while the plural stresses the or . Some examples:
( "electron") → ( "electrons")
( "doctor (holder of a doctorate)") → ( "doctors")
( "graviton") → ( "gravitons")
( "reactor") → ( "reactors")
Words borrowed from English or French will generally form their plural in , in imitation of the native plural of those languages. This applies especially to recent borrowings.
→
→
Diminutive
Many nouns have a diminutive form alongside the normal base form. This form is used to indicate small size, or emphasize a particular endearing quality. Use of diminutives is very common, so much that they could be considered part of the noun's inflectional paradigm.
There are two basic ways to form the diminutive: with or with . The former is the standard way, while the latter is found in some dialects, mostly in the south (Brabantian and Limburgish). The diminutive on is common in informal Belgian Dutch (due to final-n deletion in Dutch, the final -n is often not pronounced). All diminutives have neuter gender, no matter what the gender of the original noun was. The plural is always formed with .
Diminutive in
The basic suffix is modified in different ways depending on the final sounds of the noun it is attached to.
The is removed from the ending when added to words ending in a fricative or plosive (-b, -c, -d, -f, -g, -ch, -k, -p, -q, -s, -sj, -t, -v, -x, -z).
hond → hondje
brief → briefje
hok → hokje
vis → visje
douche → doucheje ( → )
race → raceje ( → ~ )
The last two words end in a consonant sound, despite not being spelled that way.
When the vowel of the last syllable is both short and stressed, and it is followed by a sonorant, an extra schwa is inserted, giving .
kom → kommetje
pil → pilletje
lam → lammetje
ding → dingetje
vriendin → vriendinnetje
baron → baronnetje
In all other cases, the basic form is used. This includes:
Words ending in a stressed tense/long vowel or diphthong.
Words ending in any unstressed vowel.
Words ending in one of the above types of vowel, followed by , , .
Words ending in one of the above types of vowel, followed by . The resulting combination is assimilated to .
Words ending in one of the above types of vowel, followed by . The resulting combination is assimilated to .
When the final vowel is long, it is doubled accordingly. Final , which does not really occur in native Dutch words, is converted into . Final gets an apostrophe.
koe → koetje
auto → autootje
mama → mamaatje
vrouw → vrouwtje
taxi → taxietje
baby → baby'tje
school → schooltje
kuil → kuiltje
maan → maantje
muur → muurtje
appel → appeltje
boom → boompje
duim → duimpje
bodem → bodempje
koning → koninkje
houding → houdinkje
In the case of the vowels and , there is some ambiguity. While pronounced short in many dialects, they can also be long for some speakers, so forms both with and without the extra can be found.
bloem → bloemetje or bloempje (however has an additional meaning: )
wiel → wieltje or wieletje
Diminutive in
In the south, the ending is often used instead. It also has different forms depending on the preceding sounds, with rules very similar to those for the ending.
An older form of this ending was , which is more like its German cognate . This form is not used much today, due to final n-deletion which is common in Dutch, but it is still found in older texts and names. A famous example is .
When the word ends in a velar consonant (-g, -ch, -k, -ng), an extra dissimilative is inserted, giving .
dag → dagske
lach → lachske
stok → stokske
ding → dingske
koning → koningske
An extra is inserted in three cases, giving :
Words ending in a non-velar plosive (-p, -b, -t, -d).
Words ending in , which is not a velar itself but would assimilate to one before the following .
Words ending in , or preceded by a stressed short vowel.
Examples:
hond → hondeke
voet → voeteke
map → mappeke
boon → boneke
bon → bonneke
kom → kommeke
hol → holleke
bar → barreke
In all other cases, the ending is the basic . This includes:
Words ending in a vowel.
Words ending in a non-velar fricative (-f, -v, -s, -z).
Words ending in , , preceded by a long vowel, diphthong, or unstressed vowel.
Examples:
mama → mamake
koe → koeke
slof → slofke
doos → dooske
school → schoolke
muur → muurke
boom → boomke
bodem → bodemke
Umlaut in diminutives
Standard Dutch, as well as most dialects, do not use umlaut as a grammatical marker. However, some eastern dialects (East Brabantian, Limburgish and many Low Saxon areas) have regular umlaut of the preceding vowel in diminutives. As this is not a standard feature, it is rare in the written language except when used to evoke a local feeling. It can be more common in the spoken language. Some examples:
→
→
→
Diminutives of nouns with irregular plurals
Nouns with irregular plurals tend to have the same irregularity in the diminutive as well. This is not a rule, however, and both forms can often be found. For some nouns, the irregularity is more common in the plural of the diminutive, and only rarely appears in the singular. Some examples:
"leaf; sheet of paper" → "small leaf; folio", in plural also
"day" → "short day", in plural also
"drinking glass" → "small glass"
"child" → "toddler", in plural also
"path" → "narrow or short path" (vs. "toad" → "toadlet")
"wheel" → or "little wheel"
"ship" → "little ship"
"game" → "toy"
"barrel" → "small barrel"
Cases
Noun cases were still prescribed in the formal written standard up until the 1940s, but were abolished then because they had long disappeared from the spoken language. Because of this, they are nowadays restricted mostly to set phrases and are archaic. The former Dutch case system resembled that of modern German, and distinguished four cases: nominative (subject), genitive (possession or relation), dative (indirect object, object of preposition) and accusative (direct object, object of preposition). Only the nominative and genitive are productive, with the genitive seldom used and only surviving in the margins of the language. Some examples of the three non-nominative cases in fixed expressions:
Genitive: "judgement day", "Kingdom of the Nederlands"
Dative: "in fact", "nowadays", "hereby"
Accusative: "eventually", "good evening"
The role of cases has been taken over by prepositions and word order in modern Dutch. For example, the distinction between direct and indirect object is now made by placing the indirect object before the direct object, or by using the preposition aan "to" with the indirect object. The genitive is replaced with the preposition van "of". Usage of cases with prepositions has disappeared as well. Nowadays, the case of each noun is interpreted mainly by word order. Nominatives go first, datives after, and lastly the accusatives. Nouns after prepositions are also accusative.
Cases are still occasionally used productively, which are often calques of existing phrases. This is particularly true of the genitive case, which is still used occasionally to evoke a formal style. Speakers' awareness of how the cases were originally used is generally low. People may confuse the old masculine/neuter genitive article and the corresponding noun ending with the article (with no ending) used for feminine or plural nouns.
Articles
Dutch has both a definite article ("the") and an indefinite article ("a" or "an").
and are normally pronounced and , only emphatically as and , respectively. They may sometimes also be contracted in spelling to reflect this: , .
There is no indefinite article in the plural, the noun is just used on its own. However, there is a negative indefinite article ("no, not a, not any"). Similarly to it is invariable, showing no inflection for gender or number.
("That is not a man")
("That is not a woman")
("That is not a house")
("Those aren't men")
("I have no water", "I don't have any water")
The articles formerly had forms for the different cases as well. See Archaic Dutch declension for more information.
Adjectives and adverbs
Within the Dutch noun phrase, adjectives are placed in front of the noun and after the article (if present).
Inflection
The inflection of adjectives follows the gender and number of the following noun. They also inflect for definiteness, like in many other Germanic languages. When preceded by a definite article, demonstrative determiner, possessive determiner or any other kind of word that acts to distinguish one particular thing from another, the definite form of the adjective is used. In other cases, such as with an indefinite article, indefinite determiner (like "many" or "all"), the indefinite form is used.
Despite the many different aspects that determine the inflection of an adjective, the adjective only occurs in two main forms. The uninflected form or base form is the adjective without any endings. The inflected form has the ending . The inflection of adjectives is as follows:
Adjectives are only inflected in this way when they are in an attributive role, where they precede a noun and modify it. Adjectives in a predicative role, which are used in predicative sentences with a copula verb, are not inflected and always use the uninflected form. Compare:
("the small man") — ("the man is small")
("small houses") — ("houses are small")
Most adjectives ending in have no inflected form. This includes adjectives for materials, as well as the past participles of strong verbs.
("the wooden chair")
("the brick house")
("the broken lamps")
Adjectives that end in a vowel in their uninflected form are rare, and there are no fixed rules for them. Often, the uninflected and inflected forms are the same, but sometimes an extra is added on anyway.
Additional uses of the uninflected form
Uninflected adjectives are occasionally found in other contexts. With neuter nouns, if the adjective is inherently part of the noun as part of a set phrase, then the uninflected form is often used in the definite singular as well:
("the public transport", as a specific entity)
("the public transport", meaning the transport that is public, it could be any transport)
("the big dictionary of the Dutch language", as a proper title)
("the big dictionary of the Dutch language", a dictionary that happens to be big)
("the civil code", as a proper name)
Indefinite adjectives describing people often remain uninflected, if they express a personal quality. This is not stylistically neutral, but has a formal, rhetorical or poetic ring to it, and can occasionally distinguish literal meanings of an adjective from a more figurative one. Furthermore, this is only done with some nouns, not all.
("a talented writer") — (the same)
("a great man"; figurative meaning) — ("a big/tall man"; literal meaning) — ("a great/big/tall woman"; is always used with )
Partitive
Adjectives have a special form called the partitive that is used after an indefinite pronoun such as 'something', 'nothing', 'much, a lot', 'little, a few'. The partitive form takes the ending .
("Tell me something interesting.")
("I've got to meet somebody new.")
Adjectives already ending in or don't take this ending:
("I've put on something purple.") (the base form is already )
("There isn't much fantastic about it.")
The few adjectives that end in a long vowel take instead with an apostrophe like certain noun plurals.
("I didn't like purple so much, so now I have something lilac.")
Adjectives used as adverbs
The uninflected form of an adjective is implicitly also an adverb. This makes it hard at times to distinguish adjectives and adverbs in Dutch.
("That is a fast car. The car drives fast.")
("We were kindly welcomed by those kind people.")
Adjectives used as nouns
The inflected form of an adjective can also be used as a noun. Three types can be distinguished:
The noun that the adjective refers to is omitted but implied. The adjective will then be inflected as if the noun had been present, although the inflected form is normally used even in the indefinite neuter singular.
("You can buy this car in various colours. Do you want the green, the blue or the yellow one?")
("We have three children, two big ones and a small one.", alternatively )
The adjective is used as a masculine/feminine noun in its own right, usually referring to a person. The will always be added, even to adjectives that already end in . The plural is formed with .
("You drive like a blind person!")
("Where are you, my loved one?")
("Release the prisoner!", from the past participle "captured, imprisoned")
("The rich should help the poor.")
The adjective is used as a neuter mass noun describing a concept.
("I can't answer, because I don't understand what was asked.")
("Fear of the unknown is very normal.")
Comparative and superlative
Adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. The comparative and superlative are formed synthetically, by adding endings to the adjective. The comparative and superlative can also be formed analytically by using "more" and "most", but this is much rarer than in English. The analytic forms are used only when the word would become particularly long, or when it would become hard to pronounce (particularly in the superlative).
The comparative is formed by adding to the base form. For adjectives that end in , the comparative is formed by adding to the base form instead. The comparative inflects as an adjective in its own right, having inflected and partitive forms. The uninflected comparative can be used as an adverb as well.
("I'm big, but you're bigger.")
("This toy can be dangerous for smaller children.")
("This coat is more expensive.")
("Do you have nothing cheaper?")
("You did it even more fantastically than last time!")
The superlative is formed by adding . This is equivalent to adding to the partitive, and the same rules apply. When an adjective ends in or , this becomes and , but these forms are more rarely used, and the analytic form with is preferred.
("Mont Blanc is the highest mountain of the Alps.")
("This is the dirtiest toilet I've ever seen.", alternatively )
Because it is most often used to distinguish one particular thing from all others, the superlative is generally accompanied by a definite article. This means it is rarely found in the uninflected form. Even in predicative sentences, a definite article precedes, so it becomes more like a noun phrase with an implied noun.
("This coat is the most expensive.")
("This house is the biggest.")
When used as an adverb, the superlative is always preceded by the neuter article , unlike in English where this is optional. Either the uninflected or the inflected form can be used, without any difference in meaning. This form can also be used as part of predicative sentences, which can lead to a mismatch of genders which may seem odd at first glance, but is correct nonetheless:
("This coat is (the) most expensive")
("This house is (the) biggest.")
("Our car drives (the) fastest of all.")
The first sentence meaning "This coat is the most expensive" has the same meaning as the first sentence further above. They are interchangeable, but they would be parsed differently. With the article , there is an implied noun, and it might better be translated as "the most expensive one". The superlative must also be in the inflected form in this case, would be incorrect. With the article , there is no implied noun, and both the inflected () and uninflected form () can be used.
Some comparatives and superlatives are suppletive, and use a different root than the base form. These are irregular.
'good/well, better, best'
'much/many, more, most'
'little/few, less/fewer, least/fewest'
'willingly/gladly, rather/more preferably, most preferably'
'often, more often, most often'
When an adjective is a compound of an adverb and a verb participle, the adverb sometimes changes rather than the whole word. A space may be added as well.
'close/nearby, closer, closest'
'densely populated, more densely populated, most densely populated'
Pronouns and determiners
Personal pronouns
As in English, Dutch personal pronouns still retain a distinction in case: the nominative (subjective), genitive (≈ possessive) and accusative/dative (objective). A distinction was once prescribed between the accusative 3rd person plural pronoun and the dative , but it was artificial and both forms are in practice variants of the same word. These two cases are still sometimes taught to students, and may be used in formal Dutch, but no distinction is made in the everyday spoken language.
Like many other European languages, Dutch has a T-V distinction in its personal pronouns. The second-person pronouns, which are used to refer to the listener, exist in informal and formal varieties. However, because of the relatively complex and dialect-specific way in which the pronouns developed, this is less straightforward than it is in for example French or German. The old Germanic/Indo-European second-person singular pronoun / (English ) fell out of use in Dutch during the Middle Ages, while it remained in use in the closely related Limburgish and in neighboring Low German, West Frisian and German languages. The role of the old singular pronoun was taken over by the old plural form, which differed slightly depending on dialect: in the South, in the North. This development also happened in English, which once had a T-V distinction but then lost it when the old informal pronoun was lost. In Dutch, however, further changes occurred, and the North and South developed differently:
In the North and in the standard language, a new formal pronoun was introduced, which made distinctly informal. A new second-person plural pronoun was created by adding "people" to the old singular (compare English ). This created , an informal pronoun when speaking to many people. The formal pronoun is used for both singular and plural.
In many Southern dialects, the older situation remained, and is still a neutral way to speak to a person in those dialects. However, informal and formal are commonly used in the standard language of the South, like in the North.
Many dialects created their own plural forms of pronouns, such as or similar in the South for the second person plural, and also for the third person plural ("they"), which later became a standard in Afrikaans. These forms are not part of standard Dutch.
Many pronouns can occur in a stressed form and an unstressed (clitic) form. The stressed form retains the original full vowel, and is used when particular emphasis or contrast is needed. The unstressed form normally replaces the vowel with a schwa and is used in other cases. The unstressed forms are shown in brackets; those spelled with an apostrophe or hyphen are not used often in formal written text, and are used mainly in informal speech.
In addition to , , and having unstressed counterparts, they are themselves in a technical way unstressed forms of the demonstrative pronouns; is an unstressed form of , while the rest are a form of . It is formal and normal to replace these personal pronouns with demonstrative pronouns.
(He/she likes milk.)
(It is very fast.)
The pronouns are the only place in the standard language where the difference between masculine and feminine gender is significant. Consequently, the usage of the pronouns differs depending on how many genders are distinguished by a speaker. Speakers in the North will use feminine pronouns for female people, and the masculine pronouns for male people and for common-gender (masculine or feminine) nouns. In the South, the feminine pronouns are used for feminine nouns and the masculine pronouns are used for masculine nouns. See Gender in Dutch grammar for more details.
The standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, is accusative and is to be used for the direct object, and is dative, and is for the indirect object. This distinction was artificially introduced in the 17th century, and is largely ignored in spoken language and not well understood by Dutch speakers. Consequently, the third person plural forms and are interchangeable in normal usage, with being more common. The shared unstressed form is also often used as both direct and indirect objects and is a useful avoidance strategy when people are unsure which form to use.
In the West and among younger speakers, in informal spoken language, is also used as a subject pronoun by some. This is considered heavily stigmatised and substandard.
Possessive determiners
Possessive determiners also have stressed and unstressed forms, like the pronouns.
Possessive determiners are not inflected when used attributively, unlike adjectives. Thus:
("He is my husband.")
("That is my house.")
An exception is , which inflects like an indefinite adjective, receiving when used with a masculine, feminine or plural noun. Possessive determiners are themselves definite in meaning, so any following adjectives will occur in the definite form even when the possessive itself does not:
("our big house")
("our big houses").
The inflected form is also used when the determiner is used predicatively. It is always preceded by a definite article in this case, giving the appearance of an implied noun. For example: ("This is my car. The car is mine.", more literally "The car is the my one"). has no inflected form, the sentence is usually rephrased with instead: ("The car is of you.")
Before the case system was abolished from written Dutch, and in southern spoken language, all possessive determiners inflect(ed) as indefinite adjectives, not only . They also used to inflect for case. While this is no longer done in modern Dutch, some relics still remain in fixed expressions. See Archaic Dutch declension for more details.
Demonstrative determiners
Like English, Dutch has two sets of demonstrative for different degrees of distance. A third, unspecific degree also exists, which is fulfilled by the personal pronouns, but see further below on pronominal adverbs.
The demonstratives inflect like indefinite adjectives, but irregularly. They are themselves definite in meaning, so any following adjectives will occur in the definite form.
When the demonstrative pronoun is used exophorically (referring to something that has not yet been mentioned in the text) with a copula verb, the "uninflected" forms and are always used:
("This is my new car. I bought this one yesterday.")
Even though is of common gender and otherwise requires the form . In this sentence, the first pronoun () is exophoric, while the second one () refers back to .
The exophoric pronoun, when used in a predicative sentence, is always the complement and never the subject. The inflection of the verb follows the other argument instead, and will be plural even when the pronoun is not:
("That is a new house")
("This is my father")
("Those are new houses", notice singular , with plural verb agreeing with plural noun )
("These are my children", same with )
Pronominal adverbs
A pronominal adverb is a location adverb that corresponds in meaning to a pronoun, and takes its place. These exist in English as well, but are rare; examples are ("by that"), ("with this") and ("upon what" or "upon which").
Pronominal adverbs are used to replace the combination of prepositions with pronouns. They are very common in Dutch, and in some cases mandatory. The following table shows the pronouns that have adverbial forms:
Both the combination of preposition+pronoun and the pronominal adverb can often be used, although the adverbial form is more common. The pronoun is used mainly when one needs to be specific about it. The neuter pronoun can never appear as the object of a preposition; the adverbial form is mandatory. Combinations of a preposition and a relative pronoun are also usually replaced by a pronominal adverb. E.g. The combination (with which) is distinctly dated and usually replaced by .
The masculine and feminine pronouns are used more often in the pronoun form, particularly when referring to persons, but the adverbial form may be used occasionally as well.
Pronominal adverbs are formed by replacing the pronoun by its corresponding locative adverb and the preposition by its adverbial form and putting them in reverse order. The locative adverbs , and are separated from the prepositional part by a space, while the other four are joined to it. For example:
("I'm counting on your support.")
("I'm counting on it.")
("I'm counting on nothing.", more freely "I'm not counting on anything.")
For most prepositions the adverbial form is with the preposition itself, but there are two exceptions:
"with" →
("He agrees with all proposals.")
("He agrees with it.")
("He agrees with everything.")
"(up) to" →
("I can't bring myself to (commit) these atrocities.")
("I can't bring myself to this.")
There are prepositions like , , that do not possess an adverbial form, which makes it difficult to use them in a relative construction, because the relative pronouns like , are becoming obsolete.
Conversely, there are a number of prepositional adverbs like or that cannot be used as prepositions, but they occur regularly as part of a pronominal adverb or of a separable verb.
The adverbial pronoun and the prepositional adverb can be separated from each other, with the prepositional part placed at the end of the clause. This is not always required, however, and some situations allow them to remain together.
("That, I am counting on."), they can be combined too: or
("I am not counting on it."), here they must be separated.
Notice that in Dutch the last word is generally analyzed as an adverb, not a preposition. Thus, the often quoted 'rule' that a sentence should not end in a preposition is strictly adhered to.
Verbs
Dutch verbs inflect for person and number, and for two tenses and three moods. However, there is considerable syncretism among the forms. In modern usage only the present singular indicative has different forms for different persons, all other number, tense and mood combinations have just one form for all persons.
Dutch verbs inflect in these two main tenses:
The present tense is used to indicate present or future time, and may therefore be considered a "non-past" tense. It can express actions that are punctual, progressive or habitual.
The past tense is used to indicate past time. The actions can be progressive or habitual at the time being discussed, as well as punctual in a sequence of retold events. It is not used to indicate completed punctual events that have relevance for the present; instead the (periphrastic) present perfect is used in this role. Contrast Dutch with English — the time being discussed is past, but it is considered relevant in the present moment.
Verbs also inflect for the following moods:
The indicative mood is the default mood of Dutch and is used for general statements.
The subjunctive mood is used for statements that are perceived as hypothetical or desired. Due to syncretism it is only clearly distinguished from the indicative in the present singular. It is only slightly productive in modern Dutch, and is mainly restricted to formulaic phrases otherwise, such as "long live the king" or "may they rest in peace". Usually, it is replaced by the indicative or by a periphrastic conditional phrase.
The imperative mood is used for commands. It exists only for the second person; imperatives for other persons are expressed periphrastically ( "let's..."). Only one form is used for both the singular and plural imperative in modern Dutch. The older separate plural imperative form has fallen out of use and is now archaic or overly formal in tone.
Other grammatical categories such as future tense, passive voice, progressive or perfect aspect may be expressed periphrastically. Verbs additionally have an infinitive and two participles (present and past).
Conjugation
Dutch conjugation resembles that of other continental West Germanic languages such as (Standard) German and Low German, and also the other Germanic languages to a lesser degree. Dutch retains the two main types of verb inherited from Proto-Germanic: weak and strong. Preterite-present verbs are also present, but can be considered irregular. All regular verbs conjugate the same in the present tense (including the infinitive and present participle), so the weak versus strong distinction only matters for the past tense.
The following is a general overview of the endings:
Weak verbs are the most common type of verb in Dutch, and the only productive type (all newly created verbs are weak). They form their past tense with an ending containing a dental consonant, or . Which of the two is used depends on the final consonant of the verb stem. If the stem ends in a voiceless consonant, then is used, otherwise . It is often summarised with the mnemonic "'t kofschip": if the verb stem ends with one of the consonants of (), then the past tense will have . However, it also applies for , and and any other letter that is voiceless in pronunciation.
("to work, worked")
("to learn/teach, learned/taught")
("to rage, raged")
("to lose/get rid of, lost")
Strong verbs are less common in Dutch, but they include many of the most common verbs. They form their past tenses by changing the vowel of the stem (ablaut). For strong verbs one needs to learn three or four principal parts: the infinitive, the past (singular), optionally the past plural, and the past participle. However, the vowel patterns are often predictable and can be divided into seven or so classes, based on the vowels used in these three principal parts. Some verbs are a mixture of two classes.
Examples:
("ride, rode, ridden", class 1)
("bind, bound, bound", class 3a)
("give, gave, given", class 5)
("walk/run, walked, walked", class 7b)
A number of verbs mix the strong and weak types of past. They have a strong past participle but all the other past tense forms are weak, or the other way around.
("laugh, laughed, laughed", weak past, strong past participle)
("salt, salted, salted", weak past, strong past participle)
("ask, asked, asked", strong past, weak past participle)
Some of the most used verbs in the Dutch language have irregular conjugations which don't follow the normal rules. This includes especially the preterite-present verbs. These verbs historically had present tense forms that resembled the past tenses of strong verbs, and can be recognised in modern Dutch by the absence of the in the third-person singular present (the English equivalents lack the in the same way). Preterite-present verbs have weak past tenses, but often irregularly formed. Many of these verbs are now used as auxiliary verbs.
The additional of the second-person -form is optional in the past tense for weak verbs and is usually considered archaic. For strong verbs, the -t is always required.
Modal Verbs
Like English, Dutch uses modal verbs, like ("can"), ("may"), ("shall/will"), ("must"), and ("want"). These verbs act special and can provide the usage of infinitives. Modal verbs are also some of the few verbs which have irregular conjugation in the present tense.
A special feature of Dutch modal verbs not present in English is that speakers tend to omit the infinitive verb ("go"), ("come"), and similar verbs when a modal verb is finite and there is a preposition.
("I do not want to go to school.")
("He wants to come by car.")
Non-finite forms
Dutch possesses present and past participles.
Present participle
The present participle is always progressive in meaning, and indicates that something is performing the action as the subject. It is usually used as an attributive adjective, and inflects as such as well.
("I saw a falling star.")
("Barking dogs don't bite.")
("The news spreads like wildfire." — literally "like a running fire")
It can also be used as an adverb, meaning "while ...ing". Either the uninflected or inflected form can be used, although the uninflected form is more common outside set phrases.
("One learns while doing.")
("This work is so easy, I'm getting rich while sleeping.")
("Crying, the boy told what had happened that day.")
Rarely, the present participle is used as a predicate, to indicate progressive actions as in English, such as ("The ball was rolling."). This is usually associated with a stilted or overly formal style. It is more usual to use plus the infinitive.
The present participle of a transitive verb can be preceded by an object or an adverb. Often, the space between the two words is replaced with a hyphen or removed altogether, creating a compound adjective.
("I was stuck in slow-moving traffic.")
("The little dog let out a heart-rending cry.")
("Rock-throwing youths are an increasingly severe problem.")
Past participle
The past participle indicates completed actions. It is also used to form the perfect and the passive voice with a variety of auxiliary verbs. The formation of these is discussed in the section "periphrastic forms".
As an adjective, the meaning of the past participle can be either active (having performed the action) or passive (having undergone the action), depending on the type of verb:
For transitive verbs, the meaning is passive. Examples:
("The made choice (the choice that had been made) turned out to be not so great.")
("Broken glass is dangerous.")
For unaccusative intransitive verbs, the meaning is active. Examples:
("The fallen man could not get back up again.")
("Everyone went looking for the dog that had disappeared.")
For unergative intransitive verbs, the past participle cannot be used as an adjective at all. These participles can not be used with a copula such as ("to be") either, but only to form the perfect.
Like present participles, past participles can be preceded by an adverb.
("Hastily-made choices often lead to problems later.")
("I prefer freshly-made orange juice.")
("Learned young is done old.", a proverb)
Infinitive
Verb phrases
The infinitive can be used in larger verb phrases with an auxiliary verb or modal verb, much as in English. Like present participles, the infinitive can be accompanied by an object or adverb.
("I can see the car")
Verbal noun
The infinitive also doubles as a verbal noun, corresponding to the English gerund in . The infinitive, when used as a noun, is neuter and has no plural. Dutch also has a feminine gerund in , but this is no longer productive and usually has a concrete, technical meaning, e.g. 'borrowing, lending' vs. 'loan'; 'educating' vs. 'education'.
– 'The killing of people is forbidden', or less literally 'Killing people is forbidden'.
– 'I hate waiting.'
In the past, the infinitive was inflected for the dative and genitive. There are a few remnants of the latter, e.g. in:
– 'See you!'
. – 'A distance that can be walked in one hour.'
It also occurs in expressions involving (until ... resulted):
– 'He was beaten until bleeding resulted.'
Impersonal imperative
The infinitive is also commonly used as a kind of impersonal or polite imperative (infinitivus pro imperativo). This often has a meaning much like the English “one must (not)…” or “please do (not)…” and can be used to soften a direct command into more of a strong request, or to make the command more general (e.g. on signs and in written instructions) rather than directed at the listener or reader at that specific moment in time. The distinction is not always clear, and often both the infinitive and the imperative may be used without a strong difference in meaning.
'No smoking' (or less literally 'please refrain from smoking'), versus 'don't smoke!'.
'Pay here', alternatively .
'Shake before use'.
With
The infinitive is often preceded by the preposition , analogous to the phrase + verb in English. It is used in combination with certain verbs like 'to begin'.
("He started to cough")
In combination with 'to be' it can express a potentiality.
("That was to be expected").
The extended form can be used as an adjective:
("The crowd that is to be expected")
But it can still carry adverbial expressions or objects:
("The crowd that is be expected in that case").
Compound infinitives also exist for the perfect and the future, as well as for the passive voice of transitive verbs, and they can be used to form abridged dependent clauses.
("He promised that he would pay that")
Transitivity
Depending on meaning and use, Dutch verbs belong to one of a handful of transitivity classes:
Unergative intransitive verbs do not take a grammatical object, and have active meaning (the subject is the agent). The perfect is formed with the auxiliary . They possess an impersonal passive voice.
Unaccusative intransitive verbs do not take a grammatical object, and have passive or middle meaning (the subject is the patient or there is no clear agent). The perfect is formed with the auxiliary .
Transitive verbs take a grammatical object. The subject is the agent, the object is either direct (patient) or indirect. The passive voice is formed with the auxiliary . The perfect is formed with the auxiliary when the direct object becomes subject, and with the auxiliary when the indirect object becomes subject. The perfect passive is formed with .
Ditransitive verbs take two grammatical objects, a direct object (patient) and an indirect object. These act like transitive verbs in most respects.
Middle verbs, also called verbs of innocence, are essentially transitive unaccusative verbs, and take a grammatical object. The perfect is formed with the auxiliary , while the passive is formed with and the perfect passive also with . The use of the perfect auxiliary carries an implication that the subject is not the direct initiator of the action or cannot or does not want to be held responsible for it. This includes verbs such as "to forget" and "to lose (an object)".
Reflexive verbs are accompanied by a reflexive pronoun as object
Impersonal verbs only take an indefinite pronoun (it) as subject
Absolute verbs are similar to unergatives, but they lack an impersonal passive form
Verbs can belong to several classes at once, depending on use. Specifically, many transitive verbs can also be used intransitively, and are thus ambitransitive. For example, "I eat an apple" contains a transitive verb, while "I eat" contains an unergative intransitive verb. Most ditransitive verbs can also be used as monotransitives (with only one object, direct or indirect) or even intransitives.
Whether an intransitive use is unergative or unaccusative depends both on the verb and on the meaning in which it is used. Generally, most transitive verbs become unergatives when the object is removed; these are accusative verbs. But there is also a sizable number of so-called ergative verbs, which become unaccusative when there is no object. Consequently, these verbs switch from active to either passive or middle meaning when the object is dropped. Examples exist in both Dutch and English, such as the transitive "I break the glass" versus unaccusative "the glass breaks". In both cases, the glass is the patient, but in the first case it's the direct object while in the second it's the subject. The auxiliary of such verbs is used for both passive and intransitive use, making those uses essentially indistinguishable. The phrase can be interpreted as both "the glass has been broken" and "the glass is broken".
Alongside the normal conjugated verb forms, Dutch has a variety of verbal meanings that are expressed using auxiliary verbs or other additional words. The use of auxiliary verbs, particularly of the perfect tenses and the passive voice -if extant-, depends on the transitivity class of the verb.
Perfect, future and passive
The perfect indicates that an action is complete. In Dutch the completion can take place in present, past, present future or past future:
'I ate', literally 'I have eaten' – present perfect (with simple past meaning)
'I had eaten' or 'I had been eating' – past perfect (with pluperfect meaning)
'I will have eaten' – future perfect
'I would have eaten' – past conditional (either as future-in-the-past or conditional mood)
The future tenses all take the auxiliary verb , cognate with English .
The passive voice indicates that the subject undergoes the action rather than performing it itself. Both categories are formed with a variety of auxiliary verbs.
As can be seen in the table, in the case of unaccusative verbs, the auxiliary cannot be used for the perfect, unlike in English. In general these are verbs that describe a process (e.g. to happen, melt, die) rather than an action. That means that there is no (clear) actor involved.
As in English, ergative verbs can occur both in a transitive (I break the glass) and in an unaccusative mode (the glass breaks). In Dutch the perfect of the latter takes 'to be', so that can either be seen as a perfect passive or as a perfect unaccusative. Dutch differs from German in that the latter language would add the participle to the passive sentence: .
Unergatives in general do possess passive forms, but they are impersonal. They typically take the adverb as a dummy subject and are hard to translate directly into English. means something like 'There's barking going on' or 'There's some dog barking'. Impersonal constructions of this kind are quite common in the language. The passives of transitive verbs can also be given an impersonal flavor by adding the dummy adverb , provided the subject is indefinite, e.g. 'There are boxes being opened' or 'Boxes are being opened'.
Verbs of motion like 'to walk', 'to swim', 'to ride, drive' typically occur as unaccusative / unergative pairs. If the motion is directional it is seen as a and the auxiliary is . If the motion is not directional it is seen as an action and the auxiliary verb is , unless the verb is used in the impersonal passive in which case it can take and .
directional
– 'I am walking home'
– 'I walked home'
non-directional
– 'I walk a lot'
– 'I walked a lot'
– 'There is a lot of walking going on'
Note also that the meanings of the formations that use correspond to the meaning of the past participle when used as an adjective. Thus, unergative verbs can never use as the auxiliary as their past participles cannot be used as adjectives. Furthermore, for ergative verbs, the passive does not differ significantly in meaning from the regular intransitive present tense. This is also true of English: a glass that is a glass that .
The forms listed above can occur in both present and past tense. The table lists the present tense forms, while the past tense is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb in the past tense. Thus, this creates 'I had opened the box.' and so on.
When the perfect is created from a phrase that already uses an auxiliary verb, the auxiliary gets used in the infinitive form, rather than the past participle. Some auxiliary verbs even have no past participle due to this. For example:
'I will come tomorrow.' → 'I had been going to come tomorrow.'
'He has to close the door.' → 'He has had to close the door.'
Ditransitive verbs
Ditransitive verbs carry both a direct and an indirect object. In English both objects can become the subject of a passive construction and the same auxiliary is used to form it:
I give the man a book
The man is given a book by me
A book is given to the man by me.
In Dutch a verb like (to donate) follows a similar pattern but the auxiliary (to get) is used for the pseudo-passive construction that renders the indirect object into the subject, whereas is used for passive involving the direct object:
Ik schenk de man een boek
De man krijgt van mij een boek geschonken
Een boek wordt door mij aan de man geschonken.
The following three groups of verbs only take the auxiliary in the perfect tenses.
Impersonal verbs
Impersonal verbs have no true subject, but use a dummy subject pronoun ("it"). These verbs often refer to conditions, such as the weather:
("It rains." or "It is raining.")
("A thunderstorm is happening.")
Reflexive verbs
Reflexive verbs take a reflexive pronoun like , or as their (dummy) direct object and take in the perfect. This contrasts with e.g. French, where être (to be) is used as perfect auxiliary.
Ik vergiste me (I mistook, made an error)
Ik heb me vergist
Some of these occur in pairs with a transitive form, replacing the unaccusative component of an ergative.
Ratten verspreiden de ziekte – -(Rats spread the disease)
De ziekte verspreidt zich – (The disease is spreading)
There are no verbs that only occur in a reciprocal form, but those that can take the reciprocal pronoun (each other) also take in the perfect, thus behaving like reflexive ones.
Massa's trekken elkaar aan. – (Masses attract each other.)
De magneten hadden elkaar aangetrokken – (The magnets had attracted each other).
Absolute verbs
These verbs resemble the unergative ones, except that they do not possess an impersonal passive.
De zon schijnt – (The sun shines)
*Er wordt geschenen <- does not exist ->
Some of them may carry a direct object, but they have neither a personal, nor an impersonal passive:
Een jas aanhebben – (To wear a coat)
*Een jas wordt aangehad <- does not exist ->
Similarly the past participle cannot be used as adjective:
*De aangehadde jas <- does not exist ->
Future
Although the present tense can be used to indicate future events, there is also a more explicit future tense in Dutch. It is formed using the auxiliary ("will, shall, be going to"), which can be conjugated in both present and past tense. The "past future" carries a sense having pledged or promised to do something, or having been expected to do it, much as "was/were going to" does in English.
("I will do it tomorrow." or "I am going to do it tomorrow.")
("You were going to clean the windows yesterday!")
An alternative future tense is formed using ("to go") as the auxiliary. It is used in its literal meaning to indicate that one is moving to a place to perform an action, or is intending to do so ("be going to go"). More generally, it can indicate any kind of intention or plan to perform the action. It can also imply the start of an action in the future.
("I'm going to go shopping with my friends tomorrow.")
("For today the work is done; tomorrow they're going to continue working.")
("It's going to start raining hard in a moment.")
Conditional
The conditional mood is formed using the past tense of , which is in the singular and in the plural. It is therefore somewhat analogous to the use of would in English, as the past tense of the future auxiliary will. The conditional is identical in form to the "past future" described above, but is always accompanied by some kind of condition that the verb depends on, usually introduced with conjunctions like ("if").
("I would not do that if I were you.")
("He would not have cleaned the windows, if they were not dirty.")
Progressive
The progressive aspect indicates that an action is ongoing and in progress. It is formed using + + infinitive of action verb. It is equivalent to the English 'be ...-ing' or 'be in the middle of ...-ing', but is not used as often.
'You'll have to wait (a while), I am eating now.'
'He was cleaning the windows when the phone rang.'
Unlike in English, the progressive cannot be combined with the perfect to make a hypothetical "perfect progressive". Both "I have been eating" and "I had been eating" are expressed using the simple past tense form of the progressive:
A similar expression is + + infinitive of action verb or + action noun.
'He's (busy) repairing the clock'.
Or: 'Idem'.
'You're spending the whole day helping that child.' (notice the superfluous which is colloquial).
A different way to render progressive aspect is to use the (static) verbs 'to sit', 'to walk', 'to stand' and 'to lie' with + infinitive. These verbs, when in the perfect, all use a double infinitive.
– 'I'm sat down eating' (UK) or 'I'm sitting here eating' (North America).
– 'I'm stood (here) cleaning windows' (UK) or 'I'm standing here cleaning windows' (North America).
– 'Jantje is sleeping'.
The literal meaning of the verbs to sit or to stand etc. is often secondary to their durative aspect.
Numerals
Dutch uses a decimal numeral system. Numerals are not inflected.
0–9
The numbers from 0 to 9 are:
is the same word as the indefinite article in the written language. When confusion is possible, the number is often written as to distinguish it from the article. The pronunciation differentiates them in speech: the article is , the numeral is .
10–19
The numbers 10, 11 and 12 are irregular. 13 to 19 are formed by adding ("-teen") to the base number. Two are slightly irregular: 13 is with metathesis (compare English ), and 14 is .
20–99
The decades 20 to 90 are formed by adding ("-ty") to the base number. However, some are slightly irregular: 20 is , 30 and 40 are and (comparable to 13 and 14 above), 80 is . The remaining decades, although spelled beginning with and , are often pronounced beginning with voiceless and even in dialects that do not devoice these consonants normally.
Combinations of a decade and a unit are constructed in a regular way: the unit comes first, followed by ("and"), followed by the decade. No spaces are written between them, and a diaeresis is added when necessary. For example:
28 ("eight and twenty")
83 ("three and eighty")
99 ("nine and ninety")
Hundreds
100 is . Multiples of 100 are expressed by placing the multiple before , without any spaces: 200 , 300 and so on. Sometimes multiples higher than 10 can be used as synonyms for the thousands, such as 1100 , 2500 .
Combinations of a hundred and a lower number are expressed by just placing them together, with the hundred coming first. Sometimes, is added in between, but this is optional and not commonly done nowadays.
112 or
698
1258
Thousands
1000 is . Unlike in English, this is not preceded by an article. The same system used for naming the hundreds applies to the thousands as well, so multiples of 1000 are expressed by writing the multiple right before: 2000 , 3000 , 20000 , 999000 .
Combinations of a thousand and a lower number are expressed by placing them together, with the thousand coming first. A space is written between them.
1 258
9 001
32 348
123 456
Millions and above
Dutch always uses the long scale system.
1 000 000
1 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000
etc.
Multiples of any of these are similar to the thousands, but a space is written between the multiple and the "million": 2 000 000 , 420 000 000 000 . If the multiple is 1, it must also be present, unlike with the thousands where it is left out: 1 000 000 .
Combinations with lower numbers are much the same as with the thousands.
117 401 067
10 987 654 321
Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers behave and inflect like superlative adjectives. Unlike normal adjectives, they always appear in the inflected form; always ending in ignoring whether the following noun is neuter or not, and are usually preceded by a definite article of some kind.
The ordinal adjectives are formed by adding either or to the base number. Which one is added depends on the word. The numbers 1 and 3 have irregular ordinals.
When a number is composed of multiple parts, the ending is added only to the last part of the word, and follows the rules for that word. Thus, 21st , 409th , 9001st .
Fractional numbers
Fractional numbers are expressed using a cardinal number for the numerator, and an ordinal for the denominator, like in English.
1/5
3/8
1/2 and 1/4 are ("a half") and ("a quarter") respectively, although the regular and are also possible, but rarer. In 3/4, the space is often left out: .
When combined with a full cardinal, the full cardinal comes first and they are separated by and spaces. The word can be left out if the numerator is not 1.
9 3/4
5 1/6
3 1/2
The combination 1 1/2 is usually expressed irregularly as , which literally means "other half" ( was originally a synonym of , and this combination meant "second, minus a half").
Iterative numbers
These express repetition, like "once" or "five times". They are formed with a cardinal number followed by or (both meaning "times").
("two times, twice")
("nine times")
("a hundred times")
The space is often left out for the combinations ("once"), ("twice") and ("thrice"), but not with .
There are also ordinal forms of these, which express an iteration within a sequence of repetitions. They are formed with an ordinal instead of a cardinal, and act as masculine nouns.
("the first time")
("the thirtieth time")
Multiplicative numbers
These express a multiple of something. They are formed with the suffix '-fold' and are neuter nouns.
'a twofold, multiple of two'
'a threefold, multiple of three'
'a hundredfold, multiple of hundred'
For the number 1, 'singular(ity), a onefold' is used, which is derived from 'single' rather than . The "regular" form instead means 'simpleness, uncomplicatedness, ease'.
Adjectives are formed by adding to this, giving the combination .
'double, twofold'
'triple, threefold'
'hundredfold'
Again, 'single, simple, onefold' is used for 1, and means 'simple, uncomplicated, easy'. Alternatively, the word 'single' can be used alone. A synonym for is .
Modal particles
Notes
See also
Dutch declension
Dutch conjugation
DT-Manie
Dutch Wikipedia on hen and hun
References
Aarts, Florent G.A.M. & Herman Wekker. A Contrastive Grammar of English and Dutch. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987.
Audring, Jenny. “Pronominal Gender in Spoken Dutch”, Journal of Germanic Linguistics 18, no. 2 (2006): 85–116.
Donaldson, Bruce. Dutch: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd edn. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2008.
Fehringer, Carol. A Reference Grammar of Dutch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Oosterhoff, Jenneke. Modern Dutch Grammar: A Practical Guide. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2015.
Spaans, Yolande. A Practical Dutch Grammar, 3rd unrevised edn. Leiden: Primavera Pers, 2013.
van Riemsdijk, Henk. A Case Study in Syntactic Markedness: The Binding Nature of Prepositional Phrases. Dordrecht: Foris, 1978.
van Riemsdijk, Henk, ed. Clitics in the Languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999.
External links
Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst, a comprehensive grammar of Dutch which is viewable online (in Dutch)
E-ANS: de elektronische ANS: electronic version of the second, revised edition of the Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst (ANS) from 1997.
The Dutch Learner's Grammar (The University of Sheffield)
Beginning Learner's Grammar of Dutch (UCL)
Advanced Learner's Grammar of Dutch (UCL)
www.dutchgrammar.com
Dutch Flashcards |
```php
<div class="panel mt10">
<a class="twitter-timeline" data-height="400" href="path_to_url{{ $twitter_account }}">Tweets by {{ $twitter_account }}</a> <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</div>
``` |
```vue
<template>
<el-dialog title="" :visible.sync="isVisible" :before-close="closeDialog">
<el-form label-width="130px">
<el-form-item label="Executor">
<el-col :span="22">
<b>{{executorAllocationInfo.executorName}}</b>
</el-col>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="">
<el-col :span="22">
<b>{{executorAllocationInfo.totalLoadLevel}}</b>
</el-col>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="">
<el-col :span="22">
<div v-if="Object.entries(executorAllocationInfo.allocationMap).length === 0"></div>
<div v-else>
<el-tag class="form-tags" v-for="item in Object.entries(executorAllocationInfo.allocationMap)" :key="item[0]">{{item[0]}} : {{item[1]}}</el-tag>
</div>
</el-col>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
<div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
<el-button @click="closeDialog()"></el-button>
</div>
</el-dialog>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: ['executorAllocationInfo'],
data() {
return {
isVisible: true,
};
},
methods: {
closeDialog() {
this.$emit('close-dialog');
},
},
};
</script>
<style lang="sass">
.allocation-popper {
max-width: 300px;
}
</style>
``` |
```batchfile
rem @echo off
set target_version=%1
if "%target_version%"=="" set target_version=3.0.0.0
call msbuild /m /p:Configuration=Release,Platform=x86,CppWinRTBuildVersion=%target_version% cppwinrt.sln /t:fast_fwd
call msbuild /m /p:Configuration=Release,Platform=x64,CppWinRTBuildVersion=%target_version% cppwinrt.sln /t:fast_fwd
call msbuild /m /p:Configuration=Release,Platform=arm,CppWinRTBuildVersion=%target_version% cppwinrt.sln /t:fast_fwd
call msbuild /m /p:Configuration=Release,Platform=arm64,CppWinRTBuildVersion=%target_version% cppwinrt.sln /t:fast_fwd
call msbuild /m /p:Configuration=Release,Platform=x86,CppWinRTBuildVersion=%target_version% cppwinrt.sln /t:cppwinrt
nuget pack nuget\Microsoft.Windows.CppWinRT.nuspec -Properties target_version=%target_version%;cppwinrt_exe=%cd%\_build\x86\Release\cppwinrt.exe;cppwinrt_fast_fwd_x86=%cd%\_build\x86\Release\cppwinrt_fast_forwarder.lib;cppwinrt_fast_fwd_x64=%cd%\_build\x64\Release\cppwinrt_fast_forwarder.lib;cppwinrt_fast_fwd_arm=%cd%\_build\arm\Release\cppwinrt_fast_forwarder.lib;cppwinrt_fast_fwd_arm64=%cd%\_build\arm64\Release\cppwinrt_fast_forwarder.lib
``` |
```objective-c
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#pragma once
#include "paddle/phi/backends/all_context.h"
#include "paddle/phi/common/transform.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/dense_tensor.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/empty_kernel.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/funcs/common_shape.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/funcs/elementwise_utils.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/funcs/math_function.h"
#if defined(__NVCC__) || defined(__HIPCC__) || defined(__xpu__)
#include "paddle/phi/backends/gpu/gpu_launch_config.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/funcs/aligned_vector.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/funcs/function_traits.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/primitive/kernel_primitives.h"
#define HOSTDEVICE __host__ __device__
namespace kps = phi::kps;
#endif
namespace phi {
/* Packing scalar type T(float, int etc.) into Array<T, NumOuts> type
for supporting multiple-output feature in elementwise system.*/
template <class T, int Num>
using ConditionalT = typename std::conditional_t<Num == 1, T, Array<T, Num>>;
namespace funcs {
using DDim = phi::DDim;
template <typename T, typename DeviceContext>
class RowwiseTransformIterator;
template <typename T, typename DeviceContext>
class MidWiseTransformIterator;
// NOTE(dzhwinter): ptrdiff_t in iterator is deprecated in c++17
template <typename T>
class RowwiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext>
: public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,
T,
std::ptrdiff_t,
T *,
T &> {
public:
RowwiseTransformIterator(const T *ptr, int n) : ptr_(ptr), i_(0), n_(n) {}
RowwiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &operator++() {
++i_;
if (UNLIKELY(i_ == n_)) {
i_ = 0;
}
return *this;
}
RowwiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &operator+(int n) {
while (n-- > 0) {
++i_;
if (UNLIKELY(i_ == n_)) {
i_ = 0;
}
}
return *this;
}
bool operator==(const RowwiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &rhs) const {
return (ptr_ + i_) == &(*rhs);
}
bool operator!=(const RowwiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &rhs) const {
return (ptr_ + i_) != &(*rhs);
}
const T &operator*() { return ptr_[i_]; }
private:
const T *ptr_;
int i_;
int64_t n_;
};
template <typename T>
class MidWiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext>
: public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,
T,
std::ptrdiff_t,
T *,
T &> {
public:
MidWiseTransformIterator(const T *ptr, int n, int post)
: ptr_(ptr), i_(0), j_(0), n_(n), post_(post) {}
MidWiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &operator++() {
++j_;
if (UNLIKELY(j_ == post_)) {
++i_;
j_ = 0;
if (UNLIKELY(i_ == n_)) {
i_ = 0;
}
}
return *this;
}
MidWiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &operator+(int n) {
while (n-- > 0) {
++j_;
if (UNLIKELY(j_ == post_)) {
++i_;
j_ = 0;
if (UNLIKELY(i_ == n_)) {
i_ = 0;
}
}
}
return *this;
}
bool operator==(const MidWiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &rhs) const {
return (ptr_ + i_) == &(*rhs);
}
bool operator!=(const MidWiseTransformIterator<T, CPUContext> &rhs) const {
return (ptr_ + i_) != &(*rhs);
}
const T &operator*() { return ptr_[i_]; }
private:
const T *ptr_;
int64_t i_;
int64_t j_;
int64_t n_;
int64_t post_;
};
#if defined(__NVCC__) || defined(__HIPCC__)
template <typename T>
class RowwiseTransformIterator<T, GPUContext>
: public thrust::iterator_adaptor<RowwiseTransformIterator<T, GPUContext>,
const T *> {
public:
typedef thrust::iterator_adaptor<RowwiseTransformIterator<T, GPUContext>,
const T *>
super_t;
HOSTDEVICE RowwiseTransformIterator(const T *x, int n)
: super_t(x), begin_(x), n_(n) {}
friend class thrust::iterator_core_access;
private:
unsigned int n_;
const T *begin_;
HOSTDEVICE typename super_t::reference dereference() const {
return *(begin_ + (this->base() - begin_) % n_);
}
};
template <typename T>
class MidWiseTransformIterator<T, GPUContext>
: public thrust::iterator_adaptor<MidWiseTransformIterator<T, GPUContext>,
const T *> {
public:
typedef thrust::iterator_adaptor<MidWiseTransformIterator<T, GPUContext>,
const T *>
super_t;
HOSTDEVICE MidWiseTransformIterator(const T *x, int n, int post)
: super_t(x), begin_(x), n_(n), post_(post) {}
friend class thrust::iterator_core_access;
private:
unsigned int post_;
unsigned int n_;
const T *begin_;
HOSTDEVICE typename super_t::reference dereference() const {
return *(begin_ + (((this->base() - begin_) / post_) % n_));
}
};
#endif
template <typename Functor,
typename T,
typename DeviceContext,
typename OutType = T>
class TransformFunctor {
public:
TransformFunctor(const DenseTensor &x,
const DenseTensor &y,
DenseTensor *z,
const DeviceContext &ctx,
Functor func,
const bool is_xsize_larger = true)
: x_(x.data<T>()),
y_(y.data<T>()),
z_(ctx.template Alloc<OutType>(z)),
nx_(x.numel()),
ctx_(ctx),
func_(func),
is_xsize_larger_(is_xsize_larger) {
if (is_xsize_larger_ == false) {
nx_ = y.numel();
}
}
inline void Run() const {
phi::Transform<DeviceContext> trans;
trans(ctx_, x_, x_ + nx_, y_, z_, func_);
}
inline void RunRowWise(int n) const {
phi::Transform<DeviceContext> trans;
if (is_xsize_larger_) {
trans(ctx_,
x_,
x_ + nx_,
RowwiseTransformIterator<T, DeviceContext>(y_, n),
z_,
func_);
} else {
trans(ctx_,
y_,
y_ + nx_,
RowwiseTransformIterator<T, DeviceContext>(x_, n),
z_,
func_);
}
}
inline void RunMidWise(int n, int post) const {
phi::Transform<DeviceContext> trans;
if (is_xsize_larger_) {
trans(ctx_,
x_,
x_ + nx_,
MidWiseTransformIterator<T, DeviceContext>(y_, n, post),
z_,
func_);
} else {
trans(ctx_,
y_,
y_ + nx_,
MidWiseTransformIterator<T, DeviceContext>(x_, n, post),
z_,
func_);
}
}
private:
const T *x_;
const T *y_;
OutType *z_;
int64_t nx_;
const DeviceContext &ctx_;
Functor func_;
bool is_xsize_larger_;
};
template <typename Functor, typename T, typename OutType = T>
void CommonForwardBroadcastCPU(const DenseTensor &x,
const DenseTensor &y,
DenseTensor *z,
int *x_dims_array,
int *y_dims_array,
int *out_dims_array,
int max_dim,
const CPUContext &ctx,
Functor func,
const bool is_xsize_larger = true) {
std::vector<int> index_array(max_dim, 0);
const T *x_data = x.data<T>();
const T *y_data = y.data<T>();
PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
x_data, errors::InvalidArgument("The input X should not be empty."));
PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
y_data, errors::InvalidArgument("The input Y should not be empty."));
OutType *out_data = ctx.Alloc<OutType>(z);
const int out_size = std::accumulate(
out_dims_array, out_dims_array + max_dim, 1, std::multiplies<int>());
int x_index, y_index;
for (int out_index = 0; out_index < out_size; ++out_index) {
x_index = GetElementwiseIndex(x_dims_array, max_dim, index_array.data());
y_index = GetElementwiseIndex(y_dims_array, max_dim, index_array.data());
if (is_xsize_larger) {
out_data[out_index] = func(x_data[x_index], y_data[y_index]);
} else {
out_data[out_index] = func(y_data[y_index], x_data[x_index]);
}
UpdateElementwiseIndexArray(out_dims_array, max_dim, index_array.data());
}
}
template <typename Functor, typename T, typename OutType = T>
void CommonElementwiseBroadcastForward(const CPUContext &dev_ctx,
const DenseTensor &x,
const DenseTensor &y,
DenseTensor *z,
const DDim &x_dims,
const DDim &y_dims,
Functor func,
int axis,
const bool is_xsize_larger = true) {
int max_dim = (std::max)(x_dims.size(), y_dims.size());
axis = (axis == -1 ? std::abs(x_dims.size() - y_dims.size()) : axis);
PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(
axis,
0,
common::errors::InvalidArgument(
"Axis should be great than or equal to 0, but received axis is %d.",
axis));
PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(
axis,
max_dim,
common::errors::InvalidArgument(
"Axis should be less than or equal to %d, but received axis is %d.",
max_dim,
axis));
std::vector<int> x_dims_array(max_dim);
std::vector<int> y_dims_array(max_dim);
std::vector<int> out_dims_array(max_dim);
GetBroadcastDimsArrays(x_dims,
y_dims,
x_dims_array.data(),
y_dims_array.data(),
out_dims_array.data(),
max_dim,
axis);
CommonForwardBroadcastCPU<Functor, T, OutType>(x,
y,
z,
x_dims_array.data(),
y_dims_array.data(),
out_dims_array.data(),
max_dim,
dev_ctx,
func,
is_xsize_larger);
}
// It is a common CPU implementation to compute binary calculation with the
// support of broadcast. Note:
// 1. CPU implementation cannot support the case when x needs broadcast, thus
// this function need to be called with XxxFunctor and XxxInverseFunctor,
// like AddFunctor and InverseAddFunctor.
// 2. The corresponding GPU implementation supports all the broadcast cases,
// thus there is no need to define and call with XxxInverseFunctor.
// TODO(liuyiqun): optimize the CPU implementation to support all broadcast
// cases and avoid the need of XxxInverseFunctor.
template <typename Functor, typename T, typename OutType = T>
void ElementwiseCompute(const CPUContext &dev_ctx,
const DenseTensor &x,
const DenseTensor &y,
Functor func,
DenseTensor *z,
int axis = -1) {
dev_ctx.Alloc<OutType>(z);
auto x_dims = x.dims();
auto y_dims = y.dims();
bool is_xsize_larger = true;
int max_dim = x_dims.size();
if (x_dims.size() < y_dims.size()) {
is_xsize_larger = false;
max_dim = y_dims.size();
}
TransformFunctor<Functor, T, CPUContext, OutType> functor(
x, y, z, dev_ctx, func, is_xsize_larger);
if (x_dims == y_dims) {
functor.Run();
return;
}
axis = (axis == -1 ? std::abs(x_dims.size() - y_dims.size()) : axis);
PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(
axis,
0,
errors::InvalidArgument(
"Axis should be great than or equal to 0, but received axis is %d.",
axis));
PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(
axis,
max_dim,
errors::InvalidArgument(
"Axis should be less than or equal to %d, but received axis is %d.",
max_dim,
axis));
int pre, n, post, is_run_common_broadcast, axis_trim = 0;
if (is_xsize_larger) {
auto y_dims_trimed = TrimTrailingSingularDims(y_dims);
axis_trim = (y_dims_trimed.size() == 0) ? x_dims.size() : axis;
GetMidDims(x_dims,
y_dims_trimed,
axis_trim,
&pre,
&n,
&post,
&is_run_common_broadcast);
} else {
auto x_dims_trimed = TrimTrailingSingularDims(x_dims);
axis_trim = (x_dims_trimed.size() == 0) ? y_dims.size() : axis;
GetMidDims(y_dims,
x_dims_trimed,
axis_trim,
&pre,
&n,
&post,
&is_run_common_broadcast);
}
// special case for common implementation.
// case 1: x=[2,3,1,5], y=[2,1,4,1]
// case 2: x=[2,3,4], y=[1,1,4]
if (is_run_common_broadcast == 1) {
CommonElementwiseBroadcastForward<Functor, T, OutType>(
dev_ctx, x, y, z, x_dims, y_dims, func, axis, is_xsize_larger);
return;
}
if (post == 1) {
functor.RunRowWise(n);
return;
} else {
functor.RunMidWise(n, post);
return;
}
}
// for broadcast backwards
static inline std::vector<int> GetReduceDim(const DDim &in,
const DDim &out,
int axis) {
axis =
(axis == -1 ? std::abs(static_cast<int>(out.size() - in.size())) : axis);
std::vector<int> dims;
for (int i = 0; i < axis; ++i) {
dims.push_back(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < in.size(); ++i) {
if (out[i + axis] != in[i]) {
dims.push_back(i + axis);
}
}
for (int i = axis + in.size(); i < out.size(); ++i) {
dims.push_back(i);
}
return dims;
}
template <typename DeviceContext, typename T>
static inline void GetDoubleGradSafeTensor(const DeviceContext &dev_ctx,
const DenseTensor &x,
const DenseTensor *ddx,
DenseTensor *ddx_safe) {
if (ddx) {
*ddx_safe = *ddx;
} else {
auto meta = phi::DenseTensorMeta(x.dtype(), x.dims(), x.layout());
*ddx_safe = phi::Empty(dev_ctx, std::move(meta));
dev_ctx.template Alloc<T>(ddx_safe);
SetConstant<DeviceContext, T> set_zero;
set_zero(dev_ctx, ddx_safe, static_cast<T>(0));
}
}
inline void ElementwiseGradPreProcess(const DenseTensor &dout,
DenseTensor *dx) {
if (dx != nullptr) {
dx->set_lod(dout.lod());
}
}
#if defined(__NVCC__) || defined(__HIPCC__) || defined(__xpu__)
// static unroller
template <template <int Index, int VecSize> typename Func,
int VecSize,
int End,
int Begin = 0>
struct Unroller {
template <typename... Args>
static HOSTDEVICE inline void step(Args &&...args) {
Func<Begin, VecSize>::Apply(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
Unroller<Func, VecSize, End, Begin + 1>::step(args...);
}
};
template <template <int Index, int VecSize> typename Func, int VecSize, int End>
struct Unroller<Func, VecSize, End, End> {
template <typename... Args>
static HOSTDEVICE inline void step(Args &&...args) {}
};
// static unroller without VecSize for broadcast
template <template <int Index> typename Func, int End, int Begin = 0>
struct UnrollerWithoutVecSize {
template <typename... Args>
static HOSTDEVICE inline void step(Args &&...args) {
Func<Begin>::Apply(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
UnrollerWithoutVecSize<Func, End, Begin + 1>::step(args...);
}
};
template <template <int Index> typename Func, int End>
struct UnrollerWithoutVecSize<Func, End, End> {
template <typename... Args>
static HOSTDEVICE inline void step(Args &&...args) {}
};
template <int Index, int VecSize>
struct Loader {
template <typename Array, typename ArgsT>
static __device__ __forceinline__ void Apply(const Array &in,
ArgsT *args,
kps::IndexType offset,
int num,
int read_lens,
bool is_boundary) {
using Type = std::tuple_element_t<Index, ArgsT>;
kps::Init<Type, ArgsT, Index, VecSize>(
args, static_cast<Type>(1.0f), read_lens);
if (is_boundary) {
kps::ReadData<Type, VecSize, 1, ArgsT, Index, true>(
args,
reinterpret_cast<const _ptr_ Type *>(in[Index]) + offset,
num,
read_lens);
} else {
kps::ReadData<Type, VecSize, 1, ArgsT, Index, false>(
args,
reinterpret_cast<const _ptr_ Type *>(in[Index]) + offset,
num,
read_lens);
}
}
};
template <int Index>
struct InputSetter {
template <typename Array, typename ArgsT>
static void Apply(const std::vector<const DenseTensor *> &ins_tensor,
const ArgsT &args,
Array *ins_data) {
using Type = std::tuple_element_t<Index, ArgsT>;
(*ins_data)[Index] = (const _ptr_ char *)(ins_tensor[Index]->data<Type>());
}
};
static int GetVectorizedSizeForTensors(
const std::vector<const DenseTensor *> &ins,
const std::vector<DenseTensor *> &outs) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
int vec_size = 256;
#else
int vec_size = 4;
for (size_t i = 0; i < ins.size(); ++i) {
vec_size = std::min(vec_size, phi::GetVectorizedSize(ins[i]));
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < outs.size(); ++i) {
vec_size = std::min(vec_size, phi::GetVectorizedSize(outs[i]));
}
#endif
return vec_size;
}
namespace detail {
template <class F, class Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
// GCC/Clang need the decltype() return type
HOSTDEVICE constexpr decltype(auto) ApplyImpl(F &&f,
Tuple &&t,
std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
return std::forward<F>(f)(std::get<Index>(std::forward<Tuple>(t))...);
}
} // namespace detail
template <class F, class Tuple>
HOSTDEVICE constexpr decltype(auto) Apply(F &&f, Tuple &&t) {
return detail::ApplyImpl(
std::forward<F>(f),
std::forward<Tuple>(t),
std::make_index_sequence<
std::tuple_size<std::remove_reference_t<Tuple>>::value>{});
}
template <typename OutT,
int VecSize,
typename Functor,
typename ArgsT,
int Arity>
struct SameDimsElementwisePrimitiveCaller {
__device__ inline void operator()(Functor func,
ArgsT *args,
OutT *result,
int read_lens) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
for (int idx = 0; idx < read_lens; ++idx) {
result[idx] = static_cast<OutT>(Apply(func, args[idx]));
}
#else
#pragma unroll
for (int idx = 0; idx < VecSize; ++idx) {
result[idx] = static_cast<OutT>(Apply(func, args[idx]));
}
#endif
}
};
template <typename OutT, int VecSize, bool IsBoundary, int NumOuts>
struct ElementwiseWriteDataCallerBc {
__device__ __forceinline__ void operator()(
Array<_ptr_ OutT *, NumOuts> outs,
ConditionalT<OutT, NumOuts> src[VecSize],
kps::IndexType block_offset,
int num,
int read_lens) {
OutT dst[NumOuts][VecSize];
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < read_lens; ++i) {
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < NumOuts; ++j) {
dst[j][i] = (src[i])[j];
}
}
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < NumOuts; ++i) {
kps::WriteData<OutT, VecSize, 1, IsBoundary>(
outs[i] + block_offset, dst[i], num, read_lens);
}
}
};
template <typename OutT, int VecSize, bool IsBoundary>
struct ElementwiseWriteDataCallerBc<OutT, VecSize, IsBoundary, 1> {
__device__ __forceinline__ void operator()(Array<_ptr_ OutT *, 1> outs,
OutT src[VecSize],
kps::IndexType block_offset,
int num,
int read_lens) {
kps::WriteData<OutT, VecSize, 1, IsBoundary>(
outs[0] + block_offset, src, num, read_lens);
}
};
template <typename OutT,
typename Functor,
int Arity,
int NumOuts,
int VecSize,
bool IsBoundary>
__device__ void VectorizedElementwiseKernelImpl(
const Array<const _ptr_ char *__restrict__, Arity> &in,
Array<_ptr_ OutT *, NumOuts> outs,
kps::IndexType offset,
int num,
int read_lens,
Functor func) {
using Traits = phi::funcs::FunctionTraits<Functor>;
using ArgsT = typename Traits::ArgsTuple;
ArgsT args[VecSize];
ConditionalT<OutT, NumOuts> result[VecSize];
Unroller<Loader, VecSize, Arity>::step(
in, args, offset, num, read_lens, IsBoundary);
SameDimsElementwisePrimitiveCaller<ConditionalT<OutT, NumOuts>,
VecSize,
Functor,
ArgsT,
Arity>()(func, args, result, read_lens);
ElementwiseWriteDataCallerBc<OutT, VecSize, IsBoundary, NumOuts>()(
outs, result, offset, num, read_lens);
}
template <typename OutT, typename Functor, int Arity, int NumOuts, int VecSize>
__global__ void VectorizedElementwiseKernel(
Array<const _ptr_ char *__restrict__, Arity> ins,
Array<_ptr_ OutT *, NumOuts> outs,
kps::IndexType numel,
kps::IndexType main_offset,
int read_lens,
Functor func) {
kps::IndexType data_offset =
static_cast<kps::IndexType>(BLOCK_ID_X) * BLOCK_NUM_X * read_lens;
kps::IndexType stride =
static_cast<kps::IndexType>(BLOCK_NUM_X) * GRID_NUM_X * read_lens;
for (; data_offset < main_offset; data_offset += stride) {
VectorizedElementwiseKernelImpl<OutT,
Functor,
Arity,
NumOuts,
VecSize,
false>(
ins, outs, data_offset, read_lens * BLOCK_NUM_X, read_lens, func);
}
kps::IndexType remain = numel - data_offset;
if (remain > 0) {
VectorizedElementwiseKernelImpl<OutT,
Functor,
Arity,
NumOuts,
VecSize,
true>(
ins, outs, data_offset, static_cast<int>(remain), read_lens, func);
}
}
template <typename OutT, typename Functor, int Arity, int NumOuts, int VecSize>
void LaunchElementwiseKernel(const KPDevice &ctx,
const std::vector<const DenseTensor *> &ins,
std::vector<DenseTensor *> *outs,
Functor func) {
// There are at least 1 output, but maybe 0 input (ins.size() == 0).
// For large tensor numel * sizeof(T) > 2^31, we must use int64_t as index
// type.
int64_t numel = (*outs)[0]->numel();
Array<const _ptr_ char *__restrict__, Arity> ins_data;
Array<_ptr_ OutT *, NumOuts> outs_data;
using Traits = phi::funcs::FunctionTraits<Functor>;
using ArgsT = typename Traits::ArgsTuple;
ArgsT arg;
UnrollerWithoutVecSize<InputSetter, Arity>::step(ins, arg, &ins_data);
for (int i = 0; i < outs->size(); ++i) {
outs_data[i] = (*outs)[i]->data<OutT>();
}
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
int block_size = 64;
int grid_size = 8;
int read_lens = kps::details::GetXpuReadLens(numel, block_size, grid_size);
auto stream = ctx.x_context()->xpu_stream;
int64_t main_offset =
(numel / (read_lens * block_size)) * read_lens * block_size;
VectorizedElementwiseKernel<OutT, Functor, Arity, NumOuts, VecSize>
<<<grid_size, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
ins_data, outs_data, numel, main_offset, read_lens, func);
#else
auto gpu_config =
phi::backends::gpu::GetGpuLaunchConfig1D(ctx, numel, VecSize);
int64_t main_offset = (numel / (VecSize * gpu_config.GetBlockSize())) *
VecSize * gpu_config.GetBlockSize();
auto stream = ctx.stream();
VectorizedElementwiseKernel<OutT, Functor, Arity, NumOuts, VecSize>
<<<gpu_config.block_per_grid, gpu_config.thread_per_block, 0, stream>>>(
ins_data, outs_data, numel, main_offset, VecSize, func);
#endif
}
template <typename OutT, typename Functor, int Arity, int NumOuts = 1>
typename std::enable_if<!NeedVectorized<OutT>::value, void>::type
ElementwiseKernelForDifferentVecSize(
const KPDevice &ctx,
const std::vector<const DenseTensor *> &ins,
std::vector<DenseTensor *> *outs,
Functor func) {
LaunchElementwiseKernel<OutT, Functor, Arity, NumOuts, VecSizeS>(
ctx, ins, outs, func);
}
template <typename OutT, typename Functor, int Arity, int NumOuts = 1>
typename std::enable_if<NeedVectorized<OutT>::value, void>::type
ElementwiseKernelForDifferentVecSize(
const KPDevice &ctx,
const std::vector<const DenseTensor *> &ins,
std::vector<DenseTensor *> *outs,
Functor func) {
// calculate the max vec_size for all ins and outs
int vec_size = GetVectorizedSizeForTensors(ins, *outs);
switch (vec_size) {
case VecSizeL:
LaunchElementwiseKernel<OutT, Functor, Arity, NumOuts, VecSizeL>(
ctx, ins, outs, func);
break;
case VecSizeM:
LaunchElementwiseKernel<OutT, Functor, Arity, NumOuts, VecSizeM>(
ctx, ins, outs, func);
break;
case VecSizeS:
LaunchElementwiseKernel<OutT, Functor, Arity, NumOuts, VecSizeS>(
ctx, ins, outs, func);
break;
default: {
PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unimplemented(
"Unsupported vectorized size: %d !", vec_size));
break;
}
}
}
template <typename OutT, typename Functor, int NumOuts = 1>
void ElementwiseKernel(const KPDevice &ctx,
const std::vector<const DenseTensor *> &ins,
std::vector<DenseTensor *> *outs,
Functor func) {
using Traits = phi::funcs::FunctionTraits<Functor>;
const int kArity = Traits::arity;
PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(ins.size(),
kArity,
common::errors::InvalidArgument(
"The number of inputs is expected to be equal to the "
"arity of functor. But received: the number of inputs "
"is %d, the arity of functor is %d.",
ins.size(),
kArity));
PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(outs->size(),
NumOuts,
common::errors::InvalidArgument(
"Number of outputs shall equal to number of functions, "
"but number of outputs is %d, of functions is %d.",
outs->size(),
NumOuts));
for (int i = 0; i < outs->size(); ++i) {
if (i > 0) {
PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
(*outs)[i]->dims(),
(*outs)[0]->dims(),
common::errors::InvalidArgument(
"The shape of each output tensor shall be identical yet, "
"but %dth output tensor`s shape is not.",
i));
}
ctx.template Alloc<OutT>((*outs)[i]);
}
ElementwiseKernelForDifferentVecSize<OutT, Functor, kArity, NumOuts>(
ctx, ins, outs, func);
}
#endif
} // namespace funcs
} // namespace phi
``` |
```kotlin
package de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.osm.edits.update_tags
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertFalse
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
class StringMapEntryAddTest {
@Test fun `conflicts if already added with different value`() {
assertTrue(StringMapEntryAdd("a", "b").conflictsWith(mutableMapOf("a" to "c")))
}
@Test fun `does not conflict if already added with different value`() {
assertFalse(StringMapEntryAdd("a", "b").conflictsWith(mutableMapOf("a" to "b")))
}
@Test fun `does not conflict if not added yet`() {
assertFalse(StringMapEntryAdd("a", "b").conflictsWith(mutableMapOf()))
}
@Test fun `toString is as expected`() {
assertEquals(
"ADD \"a\"=\"b\"",
StringMapEntryAdd("a", "b").toString()
)
}
@Test fun apply() {
val m = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
StringMapEntryAdd("a", "b").applyTo(m)
assertEquals("b", m["a"])
}
@Test fun reverse() {
val m = HashMap<String, String>()
val add = StringMapEntryAdd("a", "b")
val reverseAdd = add.reversed()
add.applyTo(m)
reverseAdd.applyTo(m)
assertTrue(m.isEmpty())
}
}
``` |
```java
Java Virtual Machine
The trade-off between short and descriptive names
Ternary operator
Connecting to FTP using Java
How range operations work
``` |
Ano Kastritsi () is a village in the municipal unit of Rio, Achaea, Greece. It is situated at about 500 m elevation in the forested northwestern foothills of the Panachaiko, 6 km southeast of Rio town centre, Kato Kastritsi is 4 km to the northwest. It is known for the views to the east part of Patras, the Corinthian Gulf, the Rio-Antirio Bridge, and for its taverns and food.
Historical population
See also
List of settlements in Achaea
References
Populated places in Achaea
Patras
Rio, Greece |
Rita Mestokosho, born 1966 in Ekuanitshit (Mingan) (innu reserve in Québec, in the Côte-Nord region), is an indigenous writer and poet, councillor for culture and education in the Innu nation.
Biography
Indigenous activist
Born in the small Innu village of Ekuanitshit, Mestokosho spent a great part of her childhood wandering the forest with her parents, who were hunter-gatherers. After her high school in Quebec City and then in Montreal, Rita Mestokosho began studying political science at the University of Quebec in Chicoutimi. Returning to her native community, she has participated for several years in the creation of an "Innu mitshuap uteitun", a house of Innu culture, where she still works as a coordinator.
Rita Mestokosho is an indigenous activist who fights for the recognition of the Innu-aimun language and the development of the culture and heritage of the Innu Nation. She is a member of her local Innu Council and a spokesperson for her community. She fought against the project for the construction of a Hydroelectricity dam on the Roman river.
Her poetry and activism are deeply interlinked. Michele Lacombe has argued that Mestokosho has not chosen poetry but that she thinks it is "more useful than political speeches for defending environmental causes closely allied to Innu people's traditional homelands". In the Oxford Handbook of Indigenous American Literature, Sarah Henzi argues that Mestokosho's work uses poetry to "take control".
Writer and poet
Rita Mestokosho has published poems in several international journals and regularly participates in meetings of writers of the native language, at international festivals of literature and poetry and at book fairs.
In 1995, she published her first poetry book, Eshi Uapataman Nukum. In 2010, Swedish publishing company Beijbom Books re-published this work in Innu, French and Swedish. She was quoted in a speech by J.M.G. Le Clézio before his Nobel prize acceptance on universal literature. Christophe Premat show how the issue of survivance is important in Mestokosho's work and how it relates to resilience by comparing her work with the one of Naomi Fontaine.
Another feature of Mestokosho's poetry is her use of bilingual editions. Nicolas Beauclair has analyzed her writings and describes her poetry as an "epistemic mobilization" using another language to decolonizing borders. She is also the first person writing in Innu and French according to The Routledge Companion to Transnational American Studies.
Her latest book, Née de la pluie et de la terre, was published in September 2014.
External links
References
1966 births
Canadian poets in French
21st-century First Nations writers
Living people
21st-century Canadian poets
21st-century Canadian women writers
First Nations poets
First Nations women writers
Innu people
Writers from Quebec |
```python
import sys
import os
REMOVE_THESE = ["-I/usr/include", "-I/usr/include/", "-L/usr/lib", "-L/usr/lib/"]
class Pkg:
def __init__(self, pkg_name):
self.name = pkg_name
self.priority = 0
self.vars = {}
def parse(self, pkg_config_path):
f = None
for pkg_path in pkg_config_path.split(':'):
if pkg_path[-1] != '/':
pkg_path += '/'
fname = pkg_path + self.name + '.pc'
try:
f = open(fname, "r")
break
except:
continue
if not f:
#sys.stderr.write("pkgconfig.py: unable to find %s.pc in %s\n" % (self.name, pkg_config_path))
return False
for line in f.readlines():
line = line.strip()
if not line:
continue
if line[0]=='#':
continue
pos1 = line.find('=')
pos2 = line.find(':')
if pos1 > 0 and (pos1 < pos2 or pos2 < 0):
pos = pos1
elif pos2 > 0 and (pos2 < pos1 or pos1 < 0):
pos = pos2
else:
continue
name = line[:pos].lower()
value = line[pos+1:]
self.vars[name] = value
f.close()
for name in self.vars.keys():
value = self.vars[name]
while True:
pos1 = value.find("${")
if pos1 < 0:
break
pos2 = value.find("}")
if pos2 < 0:
break
value = value.replace(value[pos1:pos2+1], self.vars[value[pos1+2:pos2]])
self.vars[name] = value
return True
def requires(self):
if not 'requires' in self.vars:
return []
deps = []
req_list = self.vars['requires']
for req_item in req_list.split(','):
req_item = req_item.strip()
for i in range(len(req_item)):
if "=<>".find(req_item[i]) >= 0:
deps.append(req_item[:i].strip())
break
return deps
def libs(self):
if not 'libs' in self.vars:
return []
return self.vars['libs'].split(' ')
def cflags(self):
if not 'cflags' in self.vars:
return []
return self.vars['cflags'].split(' ')
def calculate_pkg_priority(pkg, pkg_dict, loop_cnt):
if loop_cnt > 10:
sys.stderr.write("Circular dependency with pkg %s\n" % (pkg))
return 0
reqs = pkg.requires()
prio = 1
for req in reqs:
if not req in pkg_dict:
continue
req_pkg = pkg_dict[req]
prio += calculate_pkg_priority(req_pkg, pkg_dict, loop_cnt+1)
return prio
if __name__ == "__main__":
pkg_names = []
pkg_dict = {}
commands = []
exist_check = False
for i in range(1,len(sys.argv)):
if sys.argv[i][0] == '-':
cmd = sys.argv[i]
commands.append(cmd)
if cmd=='--exists':
exist_check = True
elif cmd=="--help":
print "This is not very helpful, is it"
sys.exit(0)
elif cmd=="--version":
print "0.1"
sys.exit(0)
else:
pkg_names.append(sys.argv[i])
# Fix search path
PKG_CONFIG_PATH = os.getenv("PKG_CONFIG_PATH", "").strip()
if not PKG_CONFIG_PATH:
PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/pkgconfig"
PKG_CONFIG_PATH = PKG_CONFIG_PATH.replace(";", ":")
# Parse files
for pkg_name in pkg_names:
pkg = Pkg(pkg_name)
if not pkg.parse(PKG_CONFIG_PATH):
sys.exit(1)
pkg_dict[pkg_name] = pkg
if exist_check:
sys.exit(0)
# Calculate priority based on dependency
for pkg_name in pkg_dict.keys():
pkg = pkg_dict[pkg_name]
pkg.priority = calculate_pkg_priority(pkg, pkg_dict, 1)
# Sort package based on dependency
pkg_names = sorted(pkg_names, key=lambda pkg_name: pkg_dict[pkg_name].priority, reverse=True)
# Get the options
opts = []
for cmd in commands:
if cmd=='--libs':
for pkg_name in pkg_names:
libs = pkg_dict[pkg_name].libs()
for lib in libs:
opts.append(lib)
if lib[:2]=="-l":
break
for pkg_name in pkg_names:
opts += pkg_dict[pkg_name].libs()
elif cmd=='--cflags':
for pkg_name in pkg_names:
opts += pkg_dict[pkg_name].cflags()
elif cmd[0]=='-':
sys.stderr.write("pkgconfig.py: I don't know how to handle " + sys.argv[i] + "\n")
filtered_opts = []
for opt in opts:
opt = opt.strip()
if not opt:
continue
if REMOVE_THESE.count(opt) != 0:
continue
if opt != '-framework' and opt != '--framework' and filtered_opts.count(opt) != 0:
if len(filtered_opts) and (filtered_opts[-1] == '-framework' or filtered_opts[-1] == '--framework'):
filtered_opts.pop()
continue
filtered_opts.append(opt)
print ' '.join(filtered_opts)
``` |
```c++
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for documentation.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef BOOST_INTERPROCESS_DETAIL_SPIN_SEMAPHORE_HPP
#define BOOST_INTERPROCESS_DETAIL_SPIN_SEMAPHORE_HPP
#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
# include <boost/config.hpp>
#endif
#
#if defined(BOOST_HAS_PRAGMA_ONCE)
# pragma once
#endif
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/config_begin.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/workaround.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/atomic.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/os_thread_functions.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/posix_time_types_wrk.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/sync/detail/common_algorithms.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/sync/detail/locks.hpp>
#include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
namespace boost {
namespace interprocess {
namespace ipcdetail {
class spin_semaphore
{
spin_semaphore(const spin_semaphore &);
spin_semaphore &operator=(const spin_semaphore &);
public:
spin_semaphore(unsigned int initialCount);
~spin_semaphore();
void post();
void wait();
bool try_wait();
bool timed_wait(const boost::posix_time::ptime &abs_time);
// int get_count() const;
private:
volatile boost::uint32_t m_count;
};
inline spin_semaphore::~spin_semaphore()
{}
inline spin_semaphore::spin_semaphore(unsigned int initialCount)
{ ipcdetail::atomic_write32(&this->m_count, boost::uint32_t(initialCount)); }
inline void spin_semaphore::post()
{
ipcdetail::atomic_inc32(&m_count);
}
inline void spin_semaphore::wait()
{
ipcdetail::lock_to_wait<spin_semaphore> lw(*this);
return ipcdetail::try_based_lock(lw);
}
inline bool spin_semaphore::try_wait()
{
return ipcdetail::atomic_add_unless32(&m_count, boost::uint32_t(-1), boost::uint32_t(0));
}
inline bool spin_semaphore::timed_wait(const boost::posix_time::ptime &abs_time)
{
ipcdetail::lock_to_wait<spin_semaphore> lw(*this);
return ipcdetail::try_based_timed_lock(lw, abs_time);
}
//inline int spin_semaphore::get_count() const
//{
//return (int)ipcdetail::atomic_read32(&m_count);
//}
} //namespace ipcdetail {
} //namespace interprocess {
} //namespace boost {
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/config_end.hpp>
#endif //BOOST_INTERPROCESS_DETAIL_SPIN_SEMAPHORE_HPP
``` |
Montegabbione is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about southwest of Perugia and about northwest of Terni.
Montegabbione borders the following municipalities: Fabro, Ficulle, Monteleone d'Orvieto, Parrano, Piegaro, San Venanzo.
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Umbria |
Macedonian Footballer of the Year an annual title awarded to the best football player of the year in North Macedonia.
Men's
Best player (domestic)
2004: Aleksandar Vasoski
2006: Artim Položani
2011: Ferhan Hasani
2013: Dejan Blaževski
2014: Borce Manevski
2015: Filip Gachevski
2016: Besart Ibraimi
2017: Stefan Spirovski
2018: Besart Ibraimi
2019: Visar Musliu
Best player (in foreign league)
2004: Goran Pandev
2006: Goran Pandev
2007: Goran Pandev
2008: Goran Pandev
2010: Goran Pandev
2011: Ivan Tričkovski
2012: Agim Ibraimi
2013: Nikolče Noveski
2014: Agim Ibraimi
2015: Aleksandar Trajkovski
2016: Ilija Nestorovski
2017: Enis Bardhi
2018: Enis Bardhi
2019: Elif Elmas
Best foreign player
2004: Gilson Da Silva
2006: Ivan Pejčić
2011: Milan Đurić
Best goalscorer
2010: Mile Krstev
2011: Blaže Ilioski
2013: Jovan Kostovski
Coach of the year
2004: Gjore Jovanovski
2010: Vlatko Kostov
2011:
2013: Blagoja Milevski
Young player of the year
2004: Goran Tričkovski
2010: Stefan Ristovski
2011: Darko Velkovski
2013: Marjan Radeski
Best club in youth category
2010: FK Rabotnički
2011: KF Renova
2013: FK Metalurg Skopje
Team of the year
2006: FK Rabotnički
2010: KF Renova
2011: KF Shkëndija
Fair Play award
2004: FK Sileks
2010: FK Rabotnički
2011: FK Sileks
2013: FK Rabotnički
Women
Best player
2004: Sirieta Brahimi
2006: Milka Arsova
2010: Nataša Andonova
2011: Gentjana Rochi
2013: Nataša Andonova
Best goalscorer
2013: Eli Jakovska (as Elena)
Coach of the year
2013: Astrit Merko
Team of the year
2006: ŽFK Skiponjat
2006: ŽFK Fighter
2011: ŽFK Naše Taksi
Futsal
Best player
2006: Zoran Leveski
2010: Zoran Leveski
2011: Zoran Leveski
2013: Dragan Petrović
Coach of the year
2013: Zoran Lekić
2014: Zoran Leveski
Team of the Year
2006:
2010: Skopje
2011: KMF Zelezarec Skopje
Other
Best referee
2010: Aleksandar Stavrev
2011: Aleksandar Stavrev
2013:
Special recognition for referee
2011: Ljubomir Krstevski
Best football worker
2011: Blagoje Istatov
2013: Dragan Popovski, president of FK Rabotnički
Special recognition for football contribution
2011: Miodrag Micković for 50 years of sports journalism
2010: Dobrislav Dimovski
2013: Andon Dončevski (First coach of the North Macedonia national football team)
References
UEFA.com
UEFA.com
MacedonianFootball.com
MacedonianFootball.com
UEFA.com
Football in North Macedonia
Association football player of the year awards by nationality
Awards established in 2004
2004 establishments in the Republic of Macedonia
Macedonian awards
Annual events in North Macedonia |
The next Sabah state election, formally the 17th Sabah general election, will elect the 17th Sabah State Legislative Assembly. It must be held by 9 December 2025 at the latest, persuant to clause 21(4) of the Constitution of Sabah. This date is dependent on when the 16th Legislative Assembly first sits. All 73 seats will be up for contests, presuming no constituencies are added or removed in a redistribution.
Background
Traditionally, state elections are held simultaneously with the parliamentary election but each state can decide when to hold its election. This is because state assemblies are dissolved by their respective ruler or governor on the advice of the chief minister of the state.
Electoral system
Elections in Malaysia are conducted at the federal and state levels. Federal elections elect members of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state elections in each of the 13 states elect members of their respective state legislative assembly. As Malaysia follows the Westminster system of government, the head of government (Prime Minister at the federal level and the Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers/Premier at the state level) is the person who commands the confidence of the majority of members in the respective legislature – this is normally the leader of the party or coalition with the majority of seats in the legislature.
The Legislative Assembly consists of 73 members, known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), that are elected for five-year terms. Each MLA is elected from a single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post voting system; each constituency contains approximately an equal number of voters. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the government, with its leader becoming the Chief Minister. In the event of a hung parliament, where no single party obtains the majority of seats, the government may still form through a coalition or a confidence and supply agreement with other parties. In practice, coalitions and alliances in Malaysia, and by extension, in Sabah, generally persist between elections, and member parties do not normally contest for the same seats.
The voting age is currently 18. Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of Malaysia, which is under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Department. Malaysia practices automatic voter registration but does not practice compulsory voting.
References
2027
Elections in Sabah |
```xml
import * as React from 'react';
import { css, createArray } from '@fluentui/react/lib/Utilities';
import { Checkbox } from '@fluentui/react/lib/Checkbox';
import { MarqueeSelection, Selection, IObjectWithKey } from '@fluentui/react/lib/MarqueeSelection';
import { getTheme, mergeStyleSets } from '@fluentui/react/lib/Styling';
import { useBoolean, useConst, useForceUpdate } from '@fluentui/react-hooks';
interface IPhoto extends IObjectWithKey {
url: string;
width: number;
height: number;
}
const PHOTOS: IPhoto[] = createArray(250, (index: number) => {
const randomWidth = 50 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 150);
return {
key: index,
url: `path_to_url{randomWidth}x100.png`,
width: randomWidth,
height: 100,
};
});
const theme = getTheme();
const styles = mergeStyleSets({
photoList: {
display: 'inline-block',
border: '1px solid ' + theme.palette.neutralTertiary,
margin: 0,
padding: 10,
overflow: 'hidden',
userSelect: 'none',
},
photoCell: {
position: 'relative',
display: 'inline-block',
margin: 2,
boxSizing: 'border-box',
background: theme.palette.neutralLighter,
lineHeight: 100,
verticalAlign: 'middle',
textAlign: 'center',
selectors: {
'&.is-selected': {
background: theme.palette.themeLighter,
border: '1px solid ' + theme.palette.themePrimary,
},
},
},
checkbox: {
margin: '10px 0',
},
});
export const MarqueeSelectionBasicExample: React.FunctionComponent = () => {
const [isMarqueeEnabled, { toggle: toggleIsMarqueeEnabled }] = useBoolean(true);
const forceUpdate = useForceUpdate();
const selection = useConst(
() =>
new Selection<IPhoto>({
items: PHOTOS,
onSelectionChanged: forceUpdate,
}),
);
return (
<MarqueeSelection selection={selection} isEnabled={isMarqueeEnabled}>
<Checkbox
className={styles.checkbox}
label="Is marquee enabled"
defaultChecked
onChange={toggleIsMarqueeEnabled}
/>
<p>Drag a rectangle around the items below to select them:</p>
<ul className={styles.photoList}>
{PHOTOS.map((photo, index) => (
<div
key={index}
className={css(styles.photoCell, selection.isIndexSelected(index) && 'is-selected')}
data-is-focusable
data-selection-index={index}
style={{ width: photo.width, height: photo.height }}
>
{index}
</div>
))}
</ul>
</MarqueeSelection>
);
};
``` |
Reverse smoking is a kind of smoking where the burnt end of a hand rolled tobacco leaf is put in the mouth rather than the unlit end of the cigar. It is practiced in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, India, Lusaka, Zambia and the Philippines. Reverse smoking is considered to be a risk factor for oral cancer.
References
Smoking
Habits
Drug delivery devices
Dosage forms
Drug culture |
Charles Coleman Finlay (born July 1, 1964 in New York City, NY) is an American science fiction and fantasy author and editor.
He grew up in Marysville, Ohio and attended Ohio State University. His first story, Footnotes, was published in 2001 in Fantasy and Science Fiction where many of his stories have since been published. He has published four novels and a short story collection. His fiction has been nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novella, the Nebula Award for Best Novella, and the Sidewise Award, and in 2003 he was a finalist for the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. He also wrote chapters for the "hoax-novel" Atlanta Nights.
Finlay guest edited the July/August 2014 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. In January 2015, Finlay was named the 9th editor of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and served in that role until the January/February 2021 issue. In 2021, he won a World Fantasy Award for his work editing the magazine.
He is married to the fantasy writer Rae Carson.
Bibliography
Novels
The Prodigal Troll (Pyr, 2005)
Traitor to the Crown Book 1: The Patriot Witch as C. C. Finlay (Del Rey, 2009)
Traitor to the Crown Book 2: A Spell for the Revolution as C. C. Finlay (Del Rey, 2009)
Traitor to the Crown Book 3: The Demon Redcoat as C. C. Finlay (Del Rey, 2009)
In translation
Der verlorene Troll (2007),
Prigioniero politico (2010),
Short fiction
Collections
Wild Things (Subterranean, 2005)
Stories
"Pervert" 2005 Gaylactic Spectrum Award finalist (short form)
"We Come Not to Praise Washington" 2002 Sidewise Award finalist (short form)
"The Political Officer", finalist for Best Novella of 2002, and 2003 Hugo Award finalist for Best Novella
Editorials
Interviews
Awards
2021, World Fantasy Award for Special Award, Professional for editing F&SF
References
External links
Charles Coleman Finlay at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (isfdb.org)
Witchcraft and Revolution: A Profile of C. C. Finlay at Publishers Weekly (2009)
(mainly previous page of browse report under 'Finlay, C. C.')
1964 births
Living people
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American short story writers
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American male novelists
American male short story writers
American science fiction writers
Analog Science Fiction and Fact people
The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction people
Novelists from Ohio
Ohio State University alumni
Writers from New York City
People from Marysville, Ohio |
```javascript
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import { WhatsNew } from './whats-new';
export const EditorDrawer = ( { anchorPosition = 'left' } ) => {
const [ isOpen, setIsOpen ] = useState( true );
useEffect( () => {
elementor.on( 'elementor/editor/panel/whats-new/clicked', () => setIsOpen( true ) );
}, [] );
return (
<WhatsNew
isOpen={ isOpen }
setIsOpen={ setIsOpen }
setIsRead={ () => document.body.classList.remove( 'e-has-notification' ) }
anchorPosition={ anchorPosition }
/>
);
};
EditorDrawer.propTypes = {
anchorPosition: PropTypes.oneOf( [ 'left', 'top', 'right', 'bottom' ] ),
};
``` |
Service Creek is a long 2nd order tributary to the Haw River, in Alamance County, North Carolina.
Course
Service Creek rises in a pond at Glen Raven in Alamance County and then flows northeast and makes a turn southeast to the Haw River about 0.25 miles east of Burlington, North Carolina.
Watershed
Service Creek drains of area, receives about 45.8 in/year of precipitation, and has a wetness index of 432.18 and is about 13% forested.
See also
List of rivers of North Carolina
References
Rivers of North Carolina
Rivers of Alamance County, North Carolina |
```php
<?php
return [
'footer_copyright' => ' <i class="voyager-heart"></i> ',
'footer_copyright2' => ' ',
];
``` |
Elaphrothrips tuberculatus is a species of tube-tailed thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Phlaeothripidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1908 |
The Zec des Rivières-Godbout-et-Mistassini (known until 1996 "Zec de la rivière-Godbout") is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone (ZEC)) in the municipalities of Franquelin and Godbout, in Manicouagan Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in Quebec, in Canada. Zec administers the lower segments of the Godbout River and Mistassini River (Franquelin) which are used for recreative salmon fishing.
Geography
Godbout River
The Godbout River flows from north to south, in the municipality of Franquelin, then Godbout. It flows into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, west of the town of Godbout and the Bay of Godbout. After crossing the route138, the river still flows 3.2 km to the southeast to its mouth along a sandbar separating the Bay of Molson, located on the west side. Downstream of the route138, there are four small islands on the river, of which Gilmour Island and Laws Island.
Godbout River has 29 salmon water pits. The first pit is located on the island Gilmour.
Rivière Mistassini (Franquelin)
Lake Mistassini is the main headwater lake of the Mistassini River (Franquelin). Its mouth located southeast of the lake empties into a landfill to reach the lake Bourdon. The waters of the river descends through the Barron and Montreuil lakes. Then the river crosses under the bridge of the railway and the route 138, then goes along the coast of Gulf of St. Lawrence. Just south of the route 138, the river receives water from the outlet of Lake Nord-Ouest. Then, the river empties into a bay on the north shore of Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the "Baie à Guy" (Bayof Guy). The course of the river is mostly focused towards the southeast.
Jurisdiction of Zec
The jurisdiction of the ZEC begins at the mouth of the Godbout River (the "Bout du Banc" (End of the Bench)) and covers the route of the river upstream to the first northwest (about 5.9 km), then north up to Lake cypress. Godbout River traverses 30.7 kilometers on the Réserve de biodiversité projetée de la Vallée de la rivière Godbout (Projected biodiversity reserve of the Valley of Godbout river).
History
A fur trading post was operated on Godbout River for more than two centuries. In history, this river has been granted to various operators including Hudson's Bay. Finally, in 1873, the territory was acquired by Messrs Madge Fraser, JH Molson and F. Stuart Molson.
Born in 1848, Napoleon Alexandre Comeau has served as a guide and caretaker at the age of 11 years, from 1859 until the end of his life. For this work of life, he is a legendary figure in the Côte-Nord (North Shore). He was a naturalist, a fisherman, a hunter, trapper and a renowned physician.
His extensive knowledge of salmon is recognized in several publications including "Forest and Stream" for which he wrote regular columns. In 1945 the Garneau Editions publish "Life and sport on the North Shore", a bible for adventurers and nature lovers.
Toponymy
The following names are all bound by the same origin and are located in the same area on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence: "Zec des Rivières-Godbout-et-Mistassini", Small Godbout river Godbout River, Godbout East River, the lake Godbout and Réserve de biodiversité projetée de la Vallée de la rivière Godbout (Projected Biodiversity Reserve of the Valley of Godbout river).
The name "Zec des Rivières-Godbout-et-Mistassini" was formalized on January 29, 1996, at the Bank of place names in the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Quebec)
See also
Related articles
Godbout, municipality
Franquelin, municipality
Manicouagan Regional County Municipality (MRC)
Côte-Nord, administrative region of Quebec
Zec Trinité
Godbout River
Franquelin River
Zone d'exploitation contrôlée (controlled harvesting zone) (zec)
Notes et references
External links
Officiel website of Franquelin municipality
Officiel website of Godbout municipality
Officiel website of Manicouagan Regional County Municipality
Officiel website of "zec des Rivières-Godbout-et-Mistassini"
Protected areas of Côte-Nord
Protected areas established in 1980 |
```yaml
allowempty: True
mapping:
version:
type: "str"
required: False
allowempty: False
stories:
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping:
story:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
metadata:
type: "any"
required: False
steps:
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping: &intent_and_entities
intent:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
user:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
entities:
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping:
regex;(.*):
type: "any"
role:
type: "str"
group:
type: "str"
- type: "str"
- type: "map"
mapping: &active_loop
active_loop:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
- type: "map"
mapping: &action
action:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
- type: "map"
mapping:
bot:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
- type: "map"
mapping: &slot_was_set_seq
slot_was_set: &slot_was_set_seq_value
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping:
regex;(.*):
type: "text"
- type: "map"
mapping:
regex;(.*):
type: "bool"
- type: "map"
mapping:
regex;(.*):
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping:
regex;(.*):
type: "text"
- type: "map"
mapping:
regex;(.*):
type: "bool"
- type: "text"
- type: "str"
- type: "map"
allowempty: True
- type: "map"
matching-rule: 'any'
mapping:
checkpoint:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
slot_was_set: *slot_was_set_seq_value
- type: "map"
mapping: &or_statement
or:
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping: *intent_and_entities
- type: "map"
mapping: *slot_was_set_seq
rules:
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping:
rule:
type: "str"
allowempty: False
metadata:
type: "any"
required: False
steps:
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping: *intent_and_entities
- type: "map"
mapping: *action
- type: "map"
mapping: *active_loop
- type: "map"
mapping: *slot_was_set_seq
- type: "map"
mapping: *or_statement
condition:
type: "seq"
matching: "any"
sequence:
- type: "map"
mapping: *active_loop
- type: "map"
mapping: *slot_was_set_seq
conversation_start:
type: "bool"
allowempty: False
wait_for_user_input:
type: "bool"
allowempty: False
regex;(.*):
type: "any"
``` |
Upír z Feratu, also known as Ferat Vampire is a 1982 Czechoslovak horror film directed by Juraj Herz. The name is a pun on Upír Nosferatu, or Nosferatu the Vampire.
Plot
Doctor Marek (Jiří Menzel) is shocked when his beloved nurse, Mima (Dagmar Veškrnová), signs a contract with foreign car manufacturer Ferat to work as a rally-driver. Rumors abound that the Ferat sports car runs not on petrol, but on human blood.
Cast
Jiří Menzel as Dr. Marek
Dagmar Veškrnová as Mima
Jana Břežková as Luisa / Klára
Petr Čepek as Kříž
Jan Schmid as Dr. Kaplan
Zdenka Procházková as Madame Ferat
Production
The Ferat rally car used in the film was, in fact, a prototype for an unrealized sports model Škoda 110 Super Sport produced by Škoda Auto, now generally referred to as the Škoda Super Sport 'Ferat Vampir RSR' in homage to the film. This car white coloured also play a small role in Tomorrow I'll Wake Up and Scald Myself with Tea.
See also
Blood Car, another film about a car that uses blood for fuel
Road Kill, a film about a road train that uses a pulp made by grinding human bodies for fuel
Blood Drive, a TV series centered on a road race with cars that use blood for fuel
External links
Youtube clip of the film
Screenshots of various cars used in the film
1982 horror films
1980s science fiction horror films
1982 films
Czechoslovak science fiction horror films
1980s Czech-language films
Films directed by Juraj Herz
Films scored by Petr Hapka
1980s Czech films |
Harri J. Rantala (born 2 October 1980) is a Finnish film director. He has directed films like Kotiinpaluu – Return and Nurmoo – Shout from the plain. He is a native of Nurmo, Finland.
Filmography
Director:
2004: The Sacrifice
2005: The Road of Mutala
2006: Suudelma
2006: M. A. Numminen: Sedena con la mia donnna nel parco del parlamento
2007: Daughters of Snow
2009: Nurmoo – Shout from the plain
2010: Return
2013: Long Range Patrol
2015: Midsummer girl
2015: Puppeteer
Actor:
2000: Pieni pyhiinvaellus
2002: Luokkajuhla
2005: The Road of Mutala
2007: Colorado Avenue
2007: Black Ice
2009: Nurmoo – Shout from the plain
2011: One Man's Movie
2012: Once Upon a Time in the North
Miscellaneous Crew:
2005: Jopet Show
2005: Piilopaikka kahdelle
2006: Ilonen talo
2006: Mystery of the Wolf
2007: The New Mankind
2007: Colorado Avenue
2007: Ganes
2008: Protectors
2008. Joku kaltaiseni
2008 Tears of April
2008 Tukka auki
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
People from Seinäjoki
Finnish film directors |
Dragonwyck is a 1946 American period drama film made by Twentieth Century-Fox. It was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and Ernst Lubitsch (uncredited), from a screenplay by Mankiewicz, based on the novel Dragonwyck by Anya Seton. The music score was by Alfred Newman, and the cinematography by Arthur C. Miller. The film stars Gene Tierney, Walter Huston, and Vincent Price.
Plot summary
Raised in 1844 Greenwich, Connecticut by her strait-laced low church parents, Ephraim (Walter Huston) and Abigail (Anne Revere), Miranda Wells (Gene Tierney) is a farm girl who often daydreams of a more romantic and luxurious life outside the farm. Miranda gets her opportunity when her mother receives a letter from their distant cousin Nicholas Van Ryn (Vincent Price), a wealthy patroon in Hudson, New York. Miranda manages to convince her parents to let her go to Nicholas's estate of Dragonwyck manor as companion to his eight-year-old daughter Katrine (Connie Marshall). Over time, Miranda learns that Nicholas and his wife Johanna are estranged from each other and from their daughter. She also hears from the servants that the Van Ryn bloodline is cursed as only they can hear the harpsichord played by the ghost of Nicholas's great-grandmother Azilde whenever misfortune befalls the family.
Meeting an Anti-Rent supporter named Dr. Jeff Turner while secretly attending the tenant farmers' Kermesse with Katrine, Miranda witnesses Nicholas evicting a discontented farmer named Klaas Bleecker for refusing to participate in the annual rent-paying ceremony. A few days later, Klaas is accused of murder. Nicholas ungraciously assents to Turner's request that the farmer be given a fair trial, in return for which he insists the doctor attend to his ailing wife Johanna. Although Johanna is diagnosed with a simple cold, she dies unexpectedly of acute gastritis from eating cake.
Nicholas later confesses to Miranda that he was unhappy with his wife for not bearing him a son after being rendered infertile by the birth of Katrine. At the same time, he admits having romantic feelings for Miranda. Miranda returns the sentiment, but returns to Greenwich to put some distance between them. Two months later, Nicholas arrives and asks for her hand in marriage. Ephraim and Abigail reluctantly consent, and Miranda becomes pregnant not long after the wedding. Nicholas is thrilled by the news, though he quarrels with her over her simple faith in a God as the semi-feudal system of patroon land ownership and tenancy crumbled around him. However, when their baby is revealed to have a defective heart and dies immediately after his baptism, a heartbroken and embittered Nicholas withdraws alone to an attic room at Dragonwyck and becomes a drug addict. Peg O'Malley, Miranda's semi-lame loyal maid, fears for Miranda's life and calls upon Dr. Jeff Turner for help.
Turner arrives as Nicholas is suffering a psychotic episode characterized by auditory hallucinations and realizes that Johanna's death was not an accident; Nicholas poisoned Johanna with a sprig from an Oleander bush he'd sprinkled in her food.
Turner accuses Nicholas of murder and insinuates he is planning to murder Miranda as well. Insulted, Nicholas lunges at Turner and the two brawl on the floor with the younger Turner ultimately knocking Nicholas out. Peggy spirits Miranda away from Nicholas for her safety.
An increasingly volatile and dangerous Nicholas grabs a pistol and goes to the Kermesse grounds in an attempt to revive patroon authority by reliving old tenant rituals, but as if in answer to his fantasies as well as his worst fears, Turner arrives with the tenant farmers, the mayor, and the sheriff and arrests him for the murder of his wife. When he resists arrest and reaches for his gun, Nicholas is shot to death.
Miranda returns accompanied by Turner to her family in Greenwich. As they part, Turner repeats the exact words he spoke when he first tried unsuccessfully to woo Miranda: Can he see her again, he asks? I suppose so, says Miranda."Will a week be too soon? asks Dr. Turner, and the film ends.
Cast
Gene Tierney as Miranda Wells
Vincent Price as Nicholas van Ryn
Walter Huston as Ephraim Wells
Glenn Langan as Dr. Jeff Turner
Anne Revere as Abigail Wells
Spring Byington as Magda
Connie Marshall as Katrine Van Ryn
Harry Morgan as Bleecker (credited as Henry Morgan)
Jessica Tandy as Peggy
Vivienne Osborne as Johanna Van Ryn
Trudy Marshall as Elizabeth Van Borden
Larry Steers as Servant (uncredited)
Production notes
Gregory Peck was the first choice for Nicholas Van Ryn. Ernst Lubitsch was to direct, but became ill, pre-production was delayed, and Peck dropped out.
Reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times said: "... Twentieth Century-Fox has fashioned a grand and gloomy mansion as the scene, and has inhabited it with a haughty master of aristocratic Dutch descent. ... Vincent Price gives a picturesque performance as the regal and godless patroon, using his face and his carriage to demonstrate insolence, that's all. Clean shaven and elegantly tailored, he still makes a formidable Bluebeard, and his moments of suave diabolism are about the best in the film. Gene Tierney is fairly ornamental in the role of the tortured child bride, but she plainly creates no more character than the meager script provides. Of the several lesser characters, Walter Huston is most credible as the forthright, God-fearing father of the cardboard heroine."
The film premiered at the Roxy Theatre in New York City on April 10, 1946, and grossed $109,000 in its first week. The following week it became the number one film in the United States after opening in Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, St Louis and Seattle with a total of $277,000 for the week in the markets covered by Variety.
It was the 37th top grosser in the United States and Canada for the year with theatrical rentals of $3 million.
Adaptations to other media
Dragonwyck was adapted as an hour-long radio play on the October 7, 1946 broadcast of Lux Radio Theater, starring Vincent Price and Gene Tierney. It was dramatized as a half-hour radio play on the January 20, 1947, broadcast of The Screen Guild Theater, starring Vincent Price and Teresa Wright.
See also
Anti-Rent War
Notes
External links
Dragonwick Movie Still
Streaming audio
Dragonwyck on Lux Radio Theater: October 7, 1946
Dragonwyck on Screen Guild Theater: January 20, 1947
1946 films
1940s English-language films
20th Century Fox films
Films about drugs
Films directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Films based on American novels
Films set in 1844
Films set in country houses
American black-and-white films
1946 drama films
Films with screenplays by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
American drama films
1946 directorial debut films
1940s American films |
Karolinowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Załuski, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Załuski, south-east of Płońsk, and north-west of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Płońsk County |
Maud M. A. Ward was a British socialist activist.
The daughter of an Anglican vicar, she studied at the National Training School of Cookery, and became a cook. She became interested in socialism, and joined the Social Democratic Federation in Tunbridge Wells, teaching a class on Marxist economics.
Ward was a supporter of women's suffrage, joining the Adult Suffrage Society, and serving as its secretary from 1908 to 1909. She was also on the committee of the Women's Labour League, and was a close friend of its leader, Margaret Bondfield, at one time sharing a house with her and Ethel Clarke.
In about 1911, Ward gave up activism to become the Chief Woman Inspector for the National Insurance Act 1911.
References
Social Democratic Federation members
Socialist feminists
20th-century British women
19th-century births
20th-century deaths
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
```php
<?php
/*
* This file is part of Piplin.
*
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
* file that was distributed with this source code.
*/
namespace Piplin\Console\Commands;
use Carbon\Carbon;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\DispatchesJobs;
use Piplin\Bus\Jobs\Repository\UpdateGitMirrorJob;
use Piplin\Models\Project;
/**
* Updates the mirrors for all git repositories.
*/
class UpdateGitMirrors extends Command
{
use DispatchesJobs;
const UPDATES_TO_QUEUE = 3;
const UPDATE_FREQUENCY_MINUTES = 5;
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'piplin:update-mirrors';
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Pulls in updates for git mirrors';
/**
* Create a new command instance.
*
* @return void
*/
public function __construct()
{
parent::__construct();
}
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
$last_mirrored_since = Carbon::now()->subMinutes(self::UPDATE_FREQUENCY_MINUTES);
$todo = self::UPDATES_TO_QUEUE;
Project::where('last_mirrored', '<', $last_mirrored_since)->chunk($todo, function ($projects) {
foreach ($projects as $project) {
$this->dispatch(new UpdateGitMirrorJob($project));
}
});
}
}
``` |
Foodily.com was a social networking platform built on top of a recipe search engine. It offered a way to search for and find and share recipes through social media as well as from other web sites. However, it is no longer possible to search for recipes, and the site simply gives the notice that the system is unavailable.
History
Foodily.com was co-founded by former Yahoo! veterans. It was launched as a web service on February 1, 2011. In November 2011, Foodily went mobile with the launch of its free iPhone app. Foodily was acquired by IAC-owned social network [Ask.fm] in 2015.
Awards
In 2012, Foodily.com won the Webby Award for the best food and beverage site.
See also
Social networking service
List of social networking websites
References
Further reading
Food, I Love You from vimeo.com
"Foodily: A Social Search Engine Just For Food" from The Huffington Post (February 16, 2011)
"Foodily Brings Social Goodness And Menu Sharing To Recipe Search Engine" from TechCrunch (February 1, 2011)
External links
Foodily.com
The Foodily blog
American social networking websites
Defunct social networking services
American cooking websites |
Mohamed Soussi (; born 17 January 1993) is a Tunisian handball player for Montpellier Handball and the Tunisian national team.
He participated on the Tunisia national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's handball tournament.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Tunisian male handball players
Olympic handball players for Tunisia
Handball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
People from Nabeul
Expatriate handball players
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in France
Montpellier Handball players
Competitors at the 2018 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Tunisia
Mediterranean Games medalists in handball |
In the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, which took place in September 1939, the territory of Poland was divided in half between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviets had ceased to recognise the Polish state at the start of the invasion. Since 1939 German and Soviet officials coordinated their Poland-related policies and repressive actions. For nearly two years following the invasion, the two occupiers continued to discuss bilateral plans for dealing with the Polish resistance during Gestapo-NKVD Conferences until Germany's Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union, in June 1941.
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was broken and the new war erupted, the Soviets had already arrested and imprisoned about 500,000 Polish nationals in the Kresy macroregion including civic officials, military personnel and all other "enemies of the people" such as clergy and the Polish educators: about one in ten of all adult males. There is some controversy as to whether the Soviet Union's policies were harsher than those of Nazi Germany until that time. An estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed by Soviet repressions.
Aftermath of the Soviet invasion of Poland
The Soviet Union took over 52.1% of the territory of Poland (circa 200,000 km²) with over 13,700,000 citizens at the end of the Polish Defensive War. Regarding the ethnic composition of these areas: ca. 5.1 million or 38% of the population were Polish by ethnicity (wrote Elżbieta Trela-Mazur), with 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans. There were also 336,000 refugees from areas occupied by Germany, most of them Jews (198,000). All Polish territories occupied by USSR were annexed to the Soviet Union with the exception of the area of Wilno, which was transferred to Lithuania.
On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany had changed the secret terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. The formerly sovereign Lithuania was moved into the Soviet sphere of influence and absorbed into the USSR as the brand new Lithuanian SSR among the Soviet republics. The demarcation line across the center of Poland was shifted to the east, giving Germany more Polish territory. By this new and final arrangement – often described as a fourth partition of Poland, the Soviet Union secured the lands east of the rivers Pisa, Narew, Bug and San. The area amounted to about 200,000 square kilometres, which was inhabited by 13.5 million formerly Polish citizens.
Initially, the Soviet occupation gained support among some citizens of the Second Polish Republic. Some members of the Ukrainian population welcomed the unification with Soviet Ukraine. The Ukrainians had failed to achieve independence in 1919 when their attempt at self-determination was crushed during the Polish–Soviet and Polish-Ukrainian Wars. Also, there were pre-war Polish citizens who saw the Soviet NKVD presence as an opportunity to start political and social agitation. Many of them committed treason against the Polish state by assisting in round-ups and executions of Polish officials. Their enthusiasm however faded with time as it became clear that the Soviet repressions were aimed at all peoples equally.
Soviet rule
The Soviet Union never officially declared war on Poland and ceased to recognise the Polish state at the start of the invasion. The Soviets did not classify Polish military personnel as prisoners of war, but as rebels against the new Soviet government in today's Western Ukraine and West Belarus. The NKVD and other Soviet agencies asserted their control in 1939 as an inherent part of the Sovietization of Kresy. Approximately 250,000 Polish prisoners of war were captured by the USSR during and after the invasion of Poland. As the Soviet Union had not signed international conventions on rules of war, the Polish prisoners were denied legal status. The Soviet forces murdered almost all captured officers, and sent numerous ordinary soldiers to the Soviet Gulag. In one notorious atrocity ordered by Stalin, the Soviet secret police systematically shot and killed 22,000 Poles in a remote area during the Katyn massacre. Among some 14,471 victims were top Polish Army officers, including political leaders, government officials, and intellectuals. Some 4,254 dead bodies were uncovered in mass graves in Katyn Forest by the Nazis in 1943, who invited an international group of neutral representatives and doctors to examine the corpses and confirm the Soviet guilt. 22,000 Polish military personnel and civilians were killed in the Katyn massacre, but thousands of others were victims of NKVD massacres of prisoners in mid-1941, before the German advance across the Soviet occupation zone.
In total, the Soviets killed tens of thousands of Polish prisoners of war. Many of them, like General Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, captured, interrogated and shot on 22 September, were killed during the 1939 campaign. On 24 September, 1939, the Soviets killed 42 staff and patients of a Polish military hospital in the village of Grabowiec, near Zamość. The Soviets also executed all the Polish officers they captured after the Battle of Szack, on 28 September.
The Soviet authorities regarded service to the prewar Polish state as a "crime against revolution" and "counter-revolutionary activity", and proceeded to arrest large numbers of Polish intelligentsia, former officials, politicians, civil servants and scientists, intellectuals and the clergy, as well as ordinary people thought to pose a threat to Soviet rule. In the two years between the invasion of Poland and the 1941 attack on USSR by Germany, the Soviets arrested and imprisoned about 500,000 Poles. This was about one in ten of all adult males. The arrested members of the Polish intelligentsia included former prime ministers Leon Kozłowski and Aleksander Prystor, Stanisław Grabski and Stanisław Głąbiński, and the Baczewski family. Initially aimed primarily at possible political opponents, by January 1940 the NKVD's campaign was also directed against potential allies, including Polish Communists and Socialists. Those arrested included Władysław Broniewski, Aleksander Wat, Tadeusz Peiper, Leopold Lewin, Anatol Stern, Teodor Parnicki, Marian Czuchnowski and many others. The Soviet NKVD executed about 65,000 imprisoned Poles after being subjected to show trials.
The number of Poles who died due to Soviet repressions in the period 1939-1941 is estimated as at least 150,000.
Mass deportations to the East
Approximately 100,000 Polish citizens were arrested during the two years of Soviet occupation. The prisons soon got severely overcrowded, with all detainees accused of anti-Soviet activities. The NKVD had to open dozens of ad-hoc prison sites in almost all towns of the region. The wave of arrests and mock convictions contributed to the forced resettlement of large categories of people ("kulaks", Polish civil servants, forest workers, university professors, "osadniks") to the Gulag labour camps and exile settlements in remote areas of the Soviet Union. Altogether the Soviets sent roughly a million people from Poland to Siberia. According to Norman Davies, almost half had died by the time the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement had been signed in 1941. Around 55% of the deportees to Siberia and Soviet Central Asia were Polish women.
In 1940 and the first half of 1941, the Soviets deported a total of more than 1,200,000 Poles in four waves of mass deportations from the Soviet-occupied Polish territories. The first major operation took place on February 10, 1940, with more than 220,000 people sent primarily to far north and east Russia, including Siberia and Khabarovsk Krai. The second wave of 13 April 1940, consisted of 320,000 people sent primarily to Kazakhstan. The third wave of June–July 1940 totaled more than 240,000. The fourth and final wave occurred in June 1941, deporting 300,000.
According to the Soviet law, all residents of the annexed area, dubbed by the Soviets as citizens of former Poland, automatically acquired Soviet citizenship. But, actual conferral of citizenship required individual consent and residents were strongly pressured for such consent. Those refugees who opted out were threatened with repatriation to German-controlled territories of Poland.
The Poles and the Soviets re-established diplomatic relations in 1941, following the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement; but the Soviets broke them off again in 1943 after the Polish government demanded an independent examination of the recently discovered Katyn burial pits. The Soviets lobbied the Western Allies to recognize the pro-Soviet Polish puppet government of Wanda Wasilewska in Moscow.
Deportations, though, continued in June 1944, around 40,000 soldiers and Polish Underground State officials who refused to join the Soviet-controlled Army were relocated to the most remote areas of the USSR. The following year, between 40,000 and 50,000 people - mostly from Upper Silesia - were deported to forced labor camps.
Land reform and collectivisation
The Red Army had sown confusion among the locals by claiming that they were arriving to save Poland from the Nazis. Their advance surprised Polish communities and their leaders, who had not been advised how to respond to a Bolshevik invasion. Polish and Jewish citizens may at first have preferred a Soviet regime to a German one, but the Soviets soon proved they were also hostile and destructive towards the Polish citizens. They began confiscating, nationalising and redistributing all private and state-owned Polish property. Red Army troops requisitioned food and other goods. The Soviet base of support was strengthened temporarily by a land reform program initiated by the NKVD, in which most of the owners of large lots of land were labeled "kulaks" and dispossessed, with their land distributed among poorer peasants.
But, the Soviet authorities started a campaign of forced collectivisation. This action largely nullified the earlier political gains from the land reform as the peasants generally did not want to join the Kolkhoz farms, nor to give away their crops for free to fulfill the state-imposed quotas, which undercut nearly everyone's material needs.
Dismantling of Polish governmental and social institutions
While Germans enforced their policies based on racism, the Soviet administration justified their Stalinist policies by appealing to Soviet ideology. In fact they initiated thorough Sovietization and to a lesser extent, Russification, of the area. Immediately after their conquest of eastern Poland, the Soviet authorities started a campaign of sovietization of the newly acquired areas. No later than several weeks after the last Polish units surrendered, on October 22, 1939, the Soviets organized staged elections to the Moscow-controlled Supreme Soviets (legislative body) of Western Byelorussia and Western Ukraine. The result of the staged voting was to legitimize the Soviet annexation of eastern Poland.
Subsequently, all institutions of the dismantled Polish state were closed down and reopened under the Soviet-appointed supervisors. Lwów University and many other schools were reopened soon, but they were to operate as Soviet institutions rather than continue their former legacy. Lwów University was reorganized in accordance with the Statute Books for Soviet Higher Schools. The tuition was abolished, as together with the institution's Polonophile traditions, this had prevented most of the rural Ukrainophone population from attending. The Soviets established several new chairs, particularly the chairs of Russian language and literature. The chairs of Marxism-Leninism, and Dialectical and Historical Materialism, aimed at strengthening Soviet ideology, were opened as well. Polish literature and language studies were dissolved by Soviet authorities. Forty-five new faculty members were assigned to Lwów, transferred from other institutions of Soviet Ukraine, mainly the Kharkiv and Kiev universities. On January 15, 1940 the Lwów University was reopened; its professors started to teach in accordance with Soviet curricula.
Simultaneously Soviet authorities tried to remove traces of Polish history in the area by eliminating much of what had connections to the Polish state or even Polish culture in general. On December 21, 1939, the Polish currency was withdrawn from circulation without any exchange to the newly introduced rouble; this meant that the entire population of the area lost all of their life savings overnight.
All the media became controlled by Moscow. Soviet authorities implemented a political regime similar to a police state, based on terror. All Polish parties and organizations were disbanded. Only the Communist Party was allowed to exist, with organizations subordinated to it. All organized religions were persecuted. All enterprises were taken over by the state, while agriculture was made collective.
Exploitation of ethnic tensions
The Soviets exploited past ethnic tensions between Poles and other ethnic groups living in Poland; they incited and encouraged violence against Poles, suggesting the minorities could "rectify the wrongs they had suffered during twenty years of Polish rule". Pre-war Poland was portrayed as a capitalist state based on exploitation of the working people and ethnic minorities. Soviet propaganda claimed that the unfair treatment of non-Poles by the Second Polish Republic justified its dismemberment. Soviet officials openly incited mobs to conduct killings and robberies (1939–1945). The death toll of the initial Soviet-inspired terror campaign remains unknown.
Installing Soviet satellite state in Poland
As the forces of Nazi Germany were pushed westward in 1945 in the closing months of the war, Poland's formal sovereignty was re-established by the Soviet-formed provisional government, later renamed as the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland. The country remained under de facto military occupation for many years to come, controlled by the Soviet Northern Group of Forces, which were stationed in Poland until 1993. Some 25,000 Polish underground fighters, including 300 top Home Army officers, were captured by NKVD units and SMERSH operational groups in the fall of 1944. They suffered mass deportations to the gulags.
Between 1944 and 1946, thousands of Polish independence fighters actively opposed the new communist regime, attacking country offices of NKVD, SMERSH and the Polish communist secret service (UB). The events of the late 1940s amounted to a full-scale civil war according to some historians, especially in the eastern and central parts of the country (see: the Cursed soldiers). According to depositions by Józef Światło and other communist sources, the number of members of the Polish underground, rounded up by order of Lavrentiy Beria of the NKVD and deported to Siberia and various gulags in the Soviet Union reached 50,000 in 1945 alone. Their political leaders were kidnapped by the Soviet Union, interrogated under torture and sent to prison after a staged Trial of the Sixteen in Moscow. None survived. About 600 people died as the result of the Augustów roundup.
The documents of the era show that the problem of sexual violence against Polish women by Soviet servicemen was serious both during and after the advance of Soviet forces across Poland. Joanna Ostrowska and Marcin Zaremba of the Polish Academy of Sciences estimate that rapes of Polish women reached a mass scale following the Winter Offensive of 1945. Whether the number of victims could have reached or even exceeded 100,000 is only a matter of guessing, considering the traditional taboos among the women incapable of finding "a voice that would have enabled them to talk openly" about their wartime experiences "while preserving their dignity."
To this day, the events of those and the following years constitute stumbling blocks in Polish-Russian foreign relations. In 1989, the Soviet Union under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev apologized for its crimes against Poland. However, in 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin went as far as blaming Poland for starting World War II.
See also
Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
Polish minority in the Soviet Union
Repatriation of Poles (1944–1946)
Czortkow Uprising
Battle of Kurylowka
Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów
Raids on communist prisons in Poland (1944–1946)
World War II casualties of Poland
Flight and expulsion of Poles from the USSR
Monument to the Fallen and Murdered in the East
Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38)
Gestapo–NKVD conferences
Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
Notes
References
Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin, New York, Basic Books, 2010.
Rafał Wnuk, 'Za pierwszego Sovieta'. Polska konspiracja na Kresach Wschodnich II RP (Wrzesień 1939 – Czerwiec 1941). Book excerpt. Institute of National Remembrance.
Further reading
Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland 1939–1941
Belarus in World War II
Stalinism in Poland
Anti-Polish sentiment in Europe
Poland–Soviet Union relations
Western Belorussia (1918–1939)
Genocides in Europe |
```c++
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
// See path_to_url for the library home page.
//
//!@file
//!@brief contains wrappers, which allows to build Boost.Test with no exception
// ***************************************************************************
#ifndef BOOST_TEST_DETAIL_THROW_EXCEPTION_HPP
#define BOOST_TEST_DETAIL_THROW_EXCEPTION_HPP
// Boost
#include <boost/config.hpp> // BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
#ifdef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
// C RUNTIME
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#include <boost/test/detail/suppress_warnings.hpp>
//your_sha256_hash____________//
namespace boost {
namespace unit_test {
namespace ut_detail {
#ifdef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
template<typename E>
BOOST_NORETURN inline void
throw_exception(E const& e) { abort(); }
#define BOOST_TEST_I_TRY
#define BOOST_TEST_I_CATCH( T, var ) for(T const& var = *(T*)0; false;)
#define BOOST_TEST_I_CATCH0( T ) if(0)
#define BOOST_TEST_I_CATCHALL() if(0)
#define BOOST_TEST_I_RETHROW
#else
template<typename E>
BOOST_NORETURN inline void
throw_exception(E const& e) { throw e; }
#define BOOST_TEST_I_TRY try
#define BOOST_TEST_I_CATCH( T, var ) catch( T const& var )
#define BOOST_TEST_I_CATCH0( T ) catch( T const& )
#define BOOST_TEST_I_CATCHALL() catch(...)
#define BOOST_TEST_I_RETHROW throw
#endif
//your_sha256_hash____________//
#define BOOST_TEST_I_THROW( E ) unit_test::ut_detail::throw_exception( E )
#define BOOST_TEST_I_ASSRT( cond, ex ) if( cond ) {} else BOOST_TEST_I_THROW( ex )
} // namespace ut_detail
} // namespace unit_test
} // namespace boost
//your_sha256_hash____________//
#include <boost/test/detail/enable_warnings.hpp>
#endif // BOOST_TEST_DETAIL_THROW_EXCEPTION_HPP
``` |
The Jesuit Relations, also known as Relations des Jésuites de la Nouvelle-France (Relation de ce qui s'est passé [...]), are chronicles of the Jesuit missions in New France. The works were written annually and printed beginning in 1632 and ending in 1673.
Originally written in French, Latin, and Italian, The Jesuit Relations were reports from Jesuit missionaries in the field to their superiors to update them as to the missionaries' progress in the conversion of various Indigenous North American tribes, including the Huron, Montagnais, Miꞌkmaq, Mohawk, and Algonquins. Constructed as narratives, the original reports of the Jesuit missionaries were subsequently transcribed and altered several times before their publication, first by the Jesuit overseer in New France and then by the Jesuit governing body in France. The Jesuits began to shape the Relations for the general public, in order to attract new settlers to the colony and to raise enough capital and political support to continue the missions in New France. Overall, these texts serve as microcosms of Indigenous-European relations in North America.
The Relations are integral to the historiography of the Jesuits of New France. Recent scholarship illuminates how these documents may have been re-circulated back to Jesuit colleges in New France, which changes how one can understand their ethnographic and knowledge-producing value.
History
Jesuit missionaries had to write annual reports to their superior in Québec or Montréal as an account of their activities. Annually, between 1632 and 1673, the superior compiled a narrative or "Relation" of the most important events which had occurred in the several missionary districts under his charge, sometimes using the exact words of the missionaries and sometimes summarizing the individual journals in a general account, based in part also upon the oral reports of visiting fathers. This annual "Relation" was forwarded to the provincial of the Order in France. After he reviewed and edited it, he published the account in a series of duodecimo volumes, known collectively as The Jesuit Relations. In France, the published texts were also shaped by the editors, who often remained anonymous.
Missionary Charles Lallemont wrote a letter to his brother, dated 1 August 1626, which marks the beginning of the fathers' accounts and the series Relations des Jésuites de la Nouvelle-France about the missionary work in New France. It is believed that Louis de Buade de Frontenac, who disliked the Jesuit order, strongly influenced ending this publication. In France, the political and religious debates over the accommodation approach practised by the Jesuits in their overseas missions probably also resulted in the cessation of its publication.
Criticism
As the Jesuit order used The Jesuit Relations to help raise money for the missions, scholars have scrutinized the reports for the possibility of textual incongruity or fictionalized accounts. Certainly, the Jesuits may have worked to convey optimism about their progress in converting the Indigenous peoples, as it was very slow. There are also numerous examples of Jesuits' bias against Indigenous peoples within these texts, as well as deliberate attempts to interpret Indigenous customs through a European lens.
When examined critically, The Jesuit Relations can function as an important resource in the study of cultural exchange that occurred between the settlers of New France and Native Americans, because many of these missionaries attempted to immerse themselves within Indigenous societies and understand their cultures and practices to a greater extent than other European settlers.
Because of the wide distribution of the letters after publication, scholars ask the question: who decided the relevance of information contained in these field letters? Although the Jesuits tried to avoid disclosing any compromise in their principles, "it is possible to detect evidence of soul-searching and shifting points of view" relative to their success at converting Indigenous peoples. After extensive cultural immersion, some missionaries may have adopted certain Indigenous ways of life or cultural practices. Jesuit officials in France would be liable to omit any threat to their philosophies in the final document. The issue concerns less the basic accuracy of the Jesuit Relations than the "manipulative literary devices" employed by the editors. Prominent Jesuit Relations scholar Allan Greer notes that European writings were popularly documented in one of two forms, as travel narratives or as encyclopedic catalogs. He notes that the Jesuits obscured the boundaries between these two genres in an attempt to raise funds to continue Jesuit missions in New France: "One of the peculiarities of the Jesuit Relations is that they combine both types of writing: Jacques Marquette's personal narrative of his trip down the Mississippi, for example, shares space with Jean de Brébeuf's systematic description of Huron society."
Content
Anthropology from a Jesuit Perspective
Given the Jesuits' objectives, "A few graphic accounts of persecution could be more effective fund-raisers than uninterrupted tales of triumph. Ironically, therefore, Jesuit preconceptions about the difficulty of their chore produced a more balanced record of their successes and failures than might be expected.”
Because these texts were used to raise revenue for the Jesuit cause, they may demonstrate exaggerations of the progress in converting Indigenous peoples as well as dramatized accounts of encounters. Additionally, the Jesuits often wrote about the fighting that took place between Indigenous tribes from a perspective of horror, despite the consistent warring in Europe at the time.
The Jesuit missionaries believed that, through developing an in-depth understanding of Indigenous cultures, they could convert more people. One prominent example, Jean de Brébeuf, was known for his attempts to immerse himself in the language, culture, and religious customs of the Huron peoples. Specifically, in an entry titled "What the Hurons Think about Their Origin," Brébeuf explained to the audience a Huron creation story, seeking allusions to the Biblical creation story in this description.
Paul Le Jeune also described some customs of the Huron, such as hunting and fishing practices. Le Jeune attempted to explain the spiritual context for certain hunting practices, such as explanations for how and why the Iroquois had specific rituals for hunting beaver. In his text, Le Jeune expresses skepticism for these traditions' validity.
Martyrdom
Another important theme in these texts is that of martyrdom. The relations included descriptions of Jesuit missionaries being killed or maimed, for example, the death of Isaac Jogues, who died after being captured by the Mohawk in 1646. There is also a graphic description of Brébeuf's death in 1649. The text describes the self-mortification of Kateri Tekakwitha, an Algonquin-Mohawk woman who converted to Catholicism and lived in a Jesuit mission in Sault Saint-Louis. A Relation detailing her story was published in 1744. These descriptions of martyrdom were likely used to continue to justify the Jesuits' attempts to convert Indigenous peoples, and could have been exaggerated for this reason. Even when very few people converted to Catholicism in a given year, the Jesuits would still use these examples as proof that some people were extremely dedicated to their missions, and that their efforts were worthy of continuation.
Nature
The Jesuit Relations also provide evidence for early European settlers' attitudes toward nature and Eurocentric bias in terms of how they believed this land should be used. These missionaries by and large did not view nature as peaceful or a place to cultivate spiritual practice. Rather, they believed that the woods needed to be turned into European-style settlements and agricultural fields. Throughout the Relations, there are many accounts of missionaries being afraid of or intimidated by the woods, for example, Le Jeune's description of a journey through the woods with a band of Montagnais people, Journal of a Winter Hunt, published in 1634. Le Jeune details physical hardships of carrying a great deal of belongings in the cold, with little food. Le Jeune largely blamed the Indigenous people for not having fully developed the land for his hardships.
While the soil in New France was good for farming, it was "interpreted as unused and barren," because it hadn't yet been developed.
The Jesuits' conceptualization of nature is important in understanding the making of race and racialization in North America, and to overall understand how Europeans invented the false concept of biological race. Initially, the Jesuits did not attribute differences between themselves and the Indigenous peoples they met to biology. Instead, they believed that the environments different groups of people lived in explained why different peoples had different customs, culture, social norms, etc. Overall, Jesuits' conceptualizations of nature, “Provided Jesuits with both a justification for mission work and a racial theory for Europeanization.”
Compilation and modern publication
Jesuit Relations were publicized as field letters from the missionary priests, reports of eyewitness, and testimony. The process of passage up the hierarchy meant that accounts would be summarized and shaped according to each man's view. The editing journey "began with detailed letters from priests in the field, the most important usually being the one brought down by the summer canoe brigade from the Huron Country. The superior at Quebec would compile and edit these letters, paraphrasing some parts, copying others verbatim, and forwarding the whole package to France." The Jesuit Society in France approved any documents that they published and they likely altered some material before printing. Likewise, John Pollack notes the account of Father Isaac Jogues in 1641 "is not an eyewitness testimony" but, rather, a second-hand relation by his superior, "drawn from Jogues' letters." Pollack notes further that the Relations "were edited by Jesuit missions in Paris before publication."
What are generally known as the Relations proper, addressed to the superior and published in Paris under direction of the provincial, commence with Le Jeune's Briève relation du voyage de la Nouvelle-France (1632). Thereafter a duodecimo volume, neatly printed and bound in vellum, was issued annually until 1673 from the presses of Sebastien Cramoisy and his brother Gabriel Cramoisy in Paris, and of Jean Boullenger in Rouen. Several similar texts that were published prior to 1632 are sometimes considered part of the corpus, but they were not titled as the Relations.
No single unified edition existed until Reuben Gold Thwaites, secretary of the Wisconsin Historical Society, led the project to translate into English, unify, and cross-reference the numerous original Relations. Between 1896 and 1901 Thwaites and his associates compiled 73 volumes, including two volumes of indices. The Relations effectively comprise a large body of ethnographic material. He included many other papers, rare manuscripts, and letters from the archives of the Society of Jesus, spanning a period from the founding of the order, or the colonization of Acadia in the 1610s to the mission in the Illinois Country in 1791.
The indices are comprehensive in scope and include titles such as: Marriage and Marriage Customs, Courtship, Divorce, Social Status of Women, Songs and Singing, Dances, and Games and Recreation. Much can be learned through the examination and study of the ethnographic and linguistic material compiled by the Jesuit missionaries in New France. The depth of the cross-referencing allows for several hundred years of Native American/European interaction to be easily accessed.
While Thwaites is the first and arguably the best known of modern editions, others followed. Lucien Campeau SJ (1967–2003) discussed the texts which he included as well as the historical events they refer to; his work is considered to give the most detailed and exhaustive general overviews available.
Indigenous resistance and reaction to the Jesuits
Some Indigenous peoples outwardly converted to Catholicism while still adhering to their traditional religion. When Jesuits attempted to force some Indigenous people into permanent settlements, believing that this would make large-scale conversion easiest, many people simply refused, or left these settlements. Furthermore, many Indigenous leaders deduced very quickly that Christianization was not the Jesuits' only intended outcome, and that this Christianization came alongside land theft and other attempts at Europeanization.
A Huron religious leader in the 1640s made a speech condemning Jesuit missionaries' plans to develop the land and noting how the Jesuit missionaries' presence resulted in higher mortality rates for the Huron. “Such powerful attacks on Christianity and its effects on traditional ways of life were repeated constantly by native priests throughout New France. Their potent arguments frequently thwarted Jesuit efforts.”
Tekakwitha's canonization, which took place in 2012, is controversial because some Indigenous people in North America believe that the Catholic Church needs to do more to account for the harms committed in its colonial past, and believe that this canonization could gloss over this history. Others believe that Tekakwitha's canonization was a long-overdue honor.
Context within France
These Relations were written during the Counter-Reformation in Europe, during which Catholicism gained popularity and the Church reformed itself. The Jesuits grew in power during this period, even achieving influence within Louis XIV's court. This garnered suspicion and rivalry from other religious sects. This rivalry could potentially be a factor that propelled the Jesuits to carefully select the information they included in the Relations.
Le Jeune wrote in the Relations his ideas of how the land in New France should be used; natural resources New France could offer France, and possibility of increased employment of Frenchmen in New France. Le Jeune also wrote in the Relations about the poverty of Indigenous people, comparing them to France's poor. This was largely to further convince French government of the urgency of colonizing and to justify colonization as bringing wealth to Indigenous people, rather than an inherently violent process. In fact, it is made clear that a main goal of these Relations was to further not only Jesuit religious interests, but French economic interests.
Representation in other media
The Canadian drama film Mission of Fear (1965) is based substantially on The Jesuit Relations.
See also
(1703–1776)
Notes
Bibliography
Relations des jésuites: contenant ce qui s'est passé de plus remarquables dans les missions des pères de la Compagnie de Jésus dans la Nouvelle-France.Quebec: A. Côté, 1858.
Deslandres, Dominique. 'Exemplo aeque et verbo: The French Jesuits' Missionary World.' In The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences and the Arts, 1540-1773. Ed. John W. O'Malley and others. Toronto:University of Toronto Press, 2000.
Donnely, Joseph P. Thwaites' Jesuit Relations: Errata and Addenda. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1967.
McCoy, James C. Jesuit relations of Canada, 1632-1673: A Bibliography. Paris: A. Rau, 1937.
Pollack, John. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Houghton Mifflin. Boston, United States. 2009. 243.
Further reading
Deslandres, Dominique, Croire et Faire Croire: Les Missions Francaises au XVIIe siecle (1600-1650). Paris: Fayard, 2003.
Moore, James T., Indian and Jesuit: A Seventeenth-century Encounter. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1982.
Morrison, Kenneth, The Solidarity of Kin: Ethnohistory, Religious Studies, and the Algonkian-French Encounter. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
External links
Text of The Jesuit Relations in English, Creighton University
[http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jesuit-relations/index-e.html A general overview of the Relations'''], Library and Archives Canada
"Publishing and distribution history of the Relations", Library and Archives Canada
The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents at Project Gutenberg
Relations des Jésuites contenant ce qui s'est passé de plus remarquable dans les missions des Pères de la Compagnie de Jésus dans la Nouvelle-France'' (1858) text in French at the Internet Archive
Volume I, Covering the years 1611 and 1626 and the period from 1632 to 1641.
Volume II, Covering the years from 1642 to 1655.
Volume III, Covering the years from 1656 to 1672.
Jesuit publications
New France
French-language literature in Canada
Non-fiction books adapted into films |
is the 14th single from Japanese pop singer Kaela Kimura.
Track listing
References
2009 singles
Kaela Kimura songs
Japanese-language songs
2009 songs |
```go
package mdm
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"crypto/x509"
"encoding/base64"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"github.com/go-kit/kit/endpoint"
"github.com/go-kit/kit/log"
httptransport "github.com/go-kit/kit/transport/http"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
"github.com/groob/plist"
"github.com/micromdm/micromdm/pkg/crypto"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
"github.com/smallstep/pkcs7"
)
type Endpoints struct {
CheckinEndpoint endpoint.Endpoint
AcknowledgeEndpoint endpoint.Endpoint
}
func MakeServerEndpoints(s Service) Endpoints {
return Endpoints{
CheckinEndpoint: MakeCheckinEndpoint(s),
AcknowledgeEndpoint: MakeAcknowledgeEndpoint(s),
}
}
func RegisterHTTPHandlers(r *mux.Router, e Endpoints, v *crypto.PKCS7Verifier, logger log.Logger) {
options := []httptransport.ServerOption{
httptransport.ServerErrorEncoder(encodeError),
httptransport.ServerErrorLogger(logger),
httptransport.ServerBefore(httptransport.PopulateRequestContext),
httptransport.ServerBefore((verifier{PKCS7Verifier: v}).populateDeviceCertificateFromSignRequestHeader),
}
r.Methods(http.MethodPut).Path("/mdm/checkin").Handler(httptransport.NewServer(
e.CheckinEndpoint,
decodeCheckinRequest,
encodeResponse,
options...,
))
r.Methods(http.MethodPut).Path("/mdm/connect").Handler(httptransport.NewServer(
e.AcknowledgeEndpoint,
decodeAcknowledgeRequest,
encodeResponse,
options...,
))
}
type contextKey int
const (
ContextKeyDeviceCertificate contextKey = iota
ContextKeyDeviceCertificateVerifyError
)
func DeviceCertificateFromContext(ctx context.Context) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
cert := ctx.Value(ContextKeyDeviceCertificate).(*x509.Certificate)
err, _ := ctx.Value(ContextKeyDeviceCertificateVerifyError).(error)
return cert, err
}
type verifier struct {
*crypto.PKCS7Verifier
}
func (v verifier) populateDeviceCertificateFromSignRequestHeader(ctx context.Context, r *http.Request) context.Context {
bodyReader := r.Body
defer bodyReader.Close()
// We can't gracefully bubble up errors from this function,
// so we silently disregard them (terrible)
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
// Replace our body object with a fully buffered response
r.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(body))
cert, err := v.verifySignature(r.Header.Get("Mdm-Signature"), body)
ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, ContextKeyDeviceCertificate, cert)
ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, ContextKeyDeviceCertificateVerifyError, err)
return ctx
}
// TODO: If we ever use Go client cert auth we can use
// r.TLS.PeerCertificates to return the client cert. Unnecessary
// now as default config is uses Mdm-Signature header method instead
// (for better compatilibity with proxies, etc.)
// func populateDeviceCertificateFromTLSPeerCertificates()
// Extract (raw) body bytes, parse property list
func mdmRequestBody(r *http.Request, s interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
defer r.Body.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "reading MDM acknowledge HTTP body")
}
err = plist.Unmarshal(body, s)
if err != nil {
return body, errors.Wrap(err, "unmarshal MDM acknowledge plist")
}
return body, nil
}
// Verify MDM header signature. Note: does NOT verify device certificate
func (v verifier) verifySignature(header string, body []byte) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
if header == "" {
return nil, errors.New("signature missing")
}
sig, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(header)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "decode MDM SignMessage header")
}
p7, err := pkcs7.Parse(sig)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "CMS parse decoded MDM SignMessage signature")
}
p7.Content = body
if err := v.Verify(p7); err != nil {
return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "CMS verify MDM Signed Message")
}
cert := p7.GetOnlySigner()
if cert == nil {
return nil, errors.New("invalid or missing CMS signer")
}
return cert, nil
}
// According to the MDM Check-in protocol, the server must respond with 200 OK
// to successful Check-in requests.
func encodeResponse(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, response interface{}) error {
type failer interface {
Failed() error
}
if e, ok := response.(failer); ok && e.Failed() != nil {
return e.Failed()
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
type payloader interface {
Response() []byte
}
var err error
if r, ok := response.(payloader); ok {
_, err = w.Write(r.Response())
}
return errors.Wrap(err, "write acknowledge response")
}
func encodeError(ctx context.Context, err error, w http.ResponseWriter) {
err = errors.Cause(err)
type rejectUserAuthError interface {
error
UserAuthReject() bool
}
if e, ok := err.(rejectUserAuthError); ok && e.UserAuthReject() {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusGone)
return
}
type checkoutErr interface {
error
Checkout() bool
}
if e, ok := err.(checkoutErr); ok && e.Checkout() {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
return
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
}
``` |
The South East Melbourne Magic was an Australian basketball team based in Melbourne. The Magic competed in the National Basketball League (NBL) between 1992 and 1998, and played their home games at Rod Laver Arena.
In their seven seasons, the Magic contested four NBL Grand Finals and won two championships, their first coming in their debut season and their second coming in 1996. Following their loss in the 1998 Grand Final to the Adelaide 36ers, the Magic merged with the North Melbourne Giants to become the Victoria Titans for the 1998/99 season.
Honour roll
Season by season
References
External links
Basketball teams in Melbourne
Defunct National Basketball League (Australia) teams
Basketball teams established in 1992
Basketball teams disestablished in 1998
1992 establishments in Australia
1998 disestablishments in Australia |
Caelostomus ovalipennis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described first described by Straneo in 1938.
References
Caelostomus
Beetles described in 1938 |
```smalltalk
namespace Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Mvc.UI.Bootstrap.TagHelpers.Border;
public enum AbpBorderType
{
Default,
_0,
Primary,
Secondary,
Success,
Danger,
Warning,
Info,
Light,
Dark,
White,
Primary_0,
Secondary_0,
Success_0,
Danger_0,
Warning_0,
Info_0,
Light_0,
Dark_0,
White_0,
Top,
Top_0,
Top_Primary,
Top_Secondary,
Top_Success,
Top_Danger,
Top_Warning,
Top_Info,
Top_Light,
Top_Dark,
Top_White,
Top_Primary_0,
Top_Secondary_0,
Top_Success_0,
Top_Danger_0,
Top_Warning_0,
Top_Info_0,
Top_Light_0,
Top_Dark_0,
Top_White_0,
Right,
Right_0,
Right_Primary,
Right_Secondary,
Right_Success,
Right_Danger,
Right_Warning,
Right_Info,
Right_Light,
Right_Dark,
Right_White,
Right_Primary_0,
Right_Secondary_0,
Right_Success_0,
Right_Danger_0,
Right_Warning_0,
Right_Info_0,
Right_Light_0,
Right_Dark_0,
Right_White_0,
Left,
Left_0,
Left_Primary,
Left_Secondary,
Left_Success,
Left_Danger,
Left_Warning,
Left_Info,
Left_Light,
Left_Dark,
Left_White,
Left_Primary_0,
Left_Secondary_0,
Left_Success_0,
Left_Danger_0,
Left_Warning_0,
Left_Info_0,
Left_Light_0,
Left_Dark_0,
Left_White_0,
Bottom,
Bottom_0,
Bottom_Primary,
Bottom_Secondary,
Bottom_Success,
Bottom_Danger,
Bottom_Warning,
Bottom_Info,
Bottom_Light,
Bottom_Dark,
Bottom_White,
Bottom_Primary_0,
Bottom_Secondary_0,
Bottom_Success_0,
Bottom_Danger_0,
Bottom_Warning_0,
Bottom_Info_0,
Bottom_Light_0,
Bottom_Dark_0,
Bottom_White_0,
}
``` |
Klara Prast (also known as Tower of Flower or Rose Red) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character appeared in the series Runaways. When the time-displaced Runaways landed in 1907, they meet twelve-year-old Klara, a girl of German descent who had to live to serve her abusive middle-aged husband. Klara's ability is to control or "talk to" (as she puts it) plants. Her name is a play on the word chloroplast, relating to her plant powers. When her family discovered her powers, they married her off to someone moving to America (even though she was still a child), where she ran into the Runaways in 1907, who later brought her back to the present with them. Klara is roughly Molly's age, has jet-black hair twisted in a braid, and gray eyes.
Publication history
Klara Prast first appeared in Runaways (vol. 2) #27 and was created by writer Joss Whedon and artist Michael Ryan. This was the character that Whedon had mentioned he would add when he began his tenure of the book.
Fictional character biography
1907
Readers are first introduced to Klara after the Runaways helped to stop a fire in a factory full of children in New York City in the year 1907, where they had become displaced due to a time device created by Gert's parents. Had history proceeded as normal, Klara would have died that day, on June 27, 1907. After the fire is put out, Karolina flies through the factory looking for survivors and comes across a bridge of rose vines through a hole in the wall and catches a glimpse of Klara as she runs away.
Later that night, Karolina comes across some similar roses and spies into a window, where she sees young Klara about to be beaten by an older man for not selling the flowers for money, angering Karolina greatly. The next day, Karolina takes Molly with her to confront Klara about her powers, and tell her not to worry. When Molly asks if she'd like to join the team to get away from her abusive life, they are stunned to learn that it's not so easy for her, as the man Karolina saw was not her father, but her husband. She makes it clear to Karolina, though Molly does not appear to understand, that he both physically and sexually abuses her. Later, however, Molly refers to Klara's "duty" to her husband as "not just a sin, it's illegal", suggesting she understands more than she lets on.
As it turns out, Klara's family had married her off to Mr. Prast (who was traveling to America) and turned their backs on her because her mother had seen her as something unholy and called her powers a "curse". Karolina and Molly manage to persuade Klara to come with them, albeit hesitantly. Klara gets scared and runs off after seeing Karolina and Xavin, in her female form, have an intimate moment, which she finds to be wrong due to her conservative upbringing. Molly confronts her on this and leaves her saddened, saying she's acting just like another grownup. Later, just after the Runaways' great alley battle, they find Klara battered and bruised by her husband. The team gladly accepts for her to come with them, returning to the same point they left.
Secret Invasion
At the start of the Runaways/Young Avengers tie in to Secret Invasion, the team is still fresh from arriving back in the present and giving Klara one final tour of the present version of New York City before heading back to California. Klara is the first one of the group to spot the Skrull ships descending upon the city, and after the invasion starts, she is knocked out, along with the rest of the team, by their own Skrull member, Xavin, as he is trying to protect them from these Skrulls whom he recognizes to be religious extremists. Klara later plays a vital role in the battle between the two teams and the Skrull known as Chrell, Xavin's former mentor and a powerful member of the invading army. As the other Runaways, minus Xavin, are held in his clutches, Klara manages to cause a large tree to spring under Chrell's feet, wrapping him up and allowing the others to be freed, which turns the tide of the battle against him.
Los Angeles
When the Runaways finally return to Los Angeles, Klara is constantly in awe of the various inventions and advancements the world has made, everything from television to food; she does not realize that such superhuman menaces as alien invasions and other crises the Runaways face are not also typical and accepted parts of her new era. When the team makes a trip to the local mall so Chase can look for a job, a manager from a local radio station falls over a high railing, and Klara immediately leaps into action, ordering the indoor plants to grow up and catch him, then lie back down once he's safe. The team then beats a retreat from the mall, hoping no one noticed them. While the Runaways slowly separate because of Nico's spell, Molly and Klara go to build a fort. After a long talk with Molly, a smiling Klara quips: "Ships that sail in the sky. Parks filled with dinosaurs. I'm never going to get used to this century."
Homeschooling
In Runaways (vol. 3) #11, the first issue written by Kathryn Immonen and drawn by Sara Pichelli, Chase, Nico, Victor and Karolina hold a house prom. An outside source manages to send a UAV flying into the Runaways' Malibu home, in the upstairs living room where Klara and Old Lace lie. Nico, Victor and Karolina rush to save Klara and Old Lace - upon arriving at the top, however, it's revealed that Old Lace had shielded Klara, who ends up alive. Old Lace, however, slowly dies. Chase, in the downstairs living room, feels her die, as part of her connection to him, he huddles over apologizing to Gertrude Yorkes. Klara, who recovers from the attack, ends up bloodied. She screams for Old Lace's body to be taken away from her, and within minutes, the entire house is covered in long, twisted vines - Nico herself ends up almost strangled.
Best Friends Forever
In Runaways (vol. 5) #11, the Runaways attempt to rescue Klara from her new family, but Klara declined their invitation stating that she doesn't want to live as a runaway. She acknowledges that she had work to get over her preconceptions and prejudices about homosexuality but she's happy with her two foster dads. She did not believe that all adults are evil like she used too. The gang understood and respected Klara's decision and left with a broken-hearted Molly.
Powers and abilities
Klara has the ability to control and manipulate the growth and movement of plants at will and with incredible ease, demonstrated frequently, known as Chlorokinesis. She likes to describe this ability as "talking to" the plants, something she says she did back on her family's farm in Bern. An example of her actually speaking to the plants comes when Klara manages to save a radio station manager from falling by calling out "grow!" prompting the mall plant life to burst out of their planters and save him, then "thank you, yes, lie down" when finished.
She appears to be able to manipulate any kind of plant material, but has an affinity for roses since they "speak back" to her. Klara had once caused large, violent vines to burst out of the ground and shield her. Furthermore, the plants she manipulates also seem to react to Klara's emotions; such as when Molly leaves Klara saddened after confronting her on her attitude toward her friends, the roses on the vines begin to wilt.
Completely unfamiliar with the modern world, Klara is timid and has no combat skills to speak of. When she is panicked or upset, her control over her abilities suffers greatly, and this can result in her plants attacking anyone that approaches her, including her own friends. Klara has mentioned that she is unable to swim. She is also fluent in English and German.
In 2010, The Official Handbook To The Marvel Universe confirmed that she was indeed a genetic mutant.
Personality
Besides Karolina, Molly is the one member Klara connects well with, because of their ages, even though it can seem that Klara is "much older and wiser than Molly because of the way she's grown up and the life she's experienced already." However, living in the 21st century has made her experience the fun and joys in life.
Relationships with other Runaways
Molly Hayes
When they travel to the past, Karolina introduced Molly to Klara because they are closer in age. Molly invites her to join the team, and together they manage to convince her to come with them to escape her tragic fate of being married to an abusive husband (the details of which Molly does not seem to fully understand due to her sheltered life).
When Klara is upset by Karolina's seemingly interracial lesbian relationship, it causes a rift between her and Molly, as Molly defends Karolina and cannot relate to Klara's homophobic and racist attitudes, a result of her upbringing. Klara is visibly saddened by the confrontation (her emotions reflected in her roses) and leaves.
While Molly has come to be close with Xavin, Klara has not (Xavin was the one she saw Karolina kissing) and this is one thing the two twelve-year-olds have yet to resolve in the process of solidifying their friendship. They also have very different personalities, with Molly feeling young compared to Klara, who has weathered a lot of difficulties in her life.
References
External links
Fictional characters with plant abilities
Fictional Swiss people
Fictional immigrants to the United States
Marvel Comics mutants
Marvel Comics child superheroes
Characters created by Joss Whedon
Marvel Comics plant characters
Comics characters introduced in 2007
Marvel Comics female superheroes
Fictional victims of domestic abuse
Fictional victims of child sexual abuse |
```c++
#ifndef BOOST_MPL_COUNT_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_MPL_COUNT_HPP_INCLUDED
//
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for documentation.
// $Id: count.hpp 49267 2008-10-11 06:19:02Z agurtovoy $
// $Date: 2008-10-10 23:19:02 -0700 (Fri, 10 Oct 2008) $
// $Revision: 49267 $
#include <boost/mpl/count_fwd.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/sequence_tag.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/aux_/count_impl.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/aux_/na_spec.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/aux_/lambda_support.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace mpl {
template<
typename BOOST_MPL_AUX_NA_PARAM(Sequence)
, typename BOOST_MPL_AUX_NA_PARAM(T)
>
struct count
: count_impl< typename sequence_tag<Sequence>::type >
::template apply<Sequence,T>
{
BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(2,count,(Sequence,T))
};
BOOST_MPL_AUX_NA_SPEC(2, count)
}}
#endif // BOOST_MPL_COUNT_HPP_INCLUDED
``` |
Coloma is a city in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,483 at the 2010 census.
History
Coloma was first known as Shingle Diggins because of the wood shingles that were manufactured in the area. The community was renamed Dickerville because people in the town had to barter and dicker for items after the timber supply was exhausted.
The name Coloma was later suggested by Stephen R. Gilson, after a town in California he had visited during the Gold Rush era.
It was incorporated as a village in 1893 and as a city in 1941.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Rich farmland in the area made temperate by Lake Michigan is called the Fruit Belt, and Coloma is located in the Lake Michigan Shore American Viticultural Area.
Coloma is near the former resort area of Paw Paw Lake.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,483 people, 606 households, and 398 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 667 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 1.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 1.7% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population.
There were 606 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.3% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age in the city was 38.6 years. 24.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,595 people, 626 households, and 446 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 675 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 96.61% White, 1.13% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.32% of the population.
There were 626 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,882, and the median income for a family was $46,042. Males had a median income of $36,681 versus $21,397 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,714. About 5.9% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
The Glad-Peach Festival is held in Coloma every August.
Infrastructure
Major highways
References
External links
City of Coloma Homepage
Cities in Berrien County, Michigan
1893 establishments in Michigan |
Garden Grove is a small town in Decatur County, Iowa, United States. The population was 174 at the time of the 2020 census.
History
On April 24, 1846, emigrants affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints under the direction of Brigham Young established a way station halfway into their trek across Iowa. This semi-permanent settlement was named Garden Grove because the entire grove was covered with wild onions as far as the eye could see. Within three weeks of their arrival, the pioneers enclosed and planted . They founded the village to assist those who did not have sufficient means to continue their journey, as well as to support and supply future companies of pioneers.
When Brigham Young and the main company left Garden Grove on May 12, 1846, the poorest and least prepared were left behind. After the Saints arrived in Winter Quarters, Captain James Allen brought orders from President James Polk to enlist a battalion of Mormons for the War with Mexico. Brigham Young and other leaders rode back as far as Mt. Pisgah to encourage the men to enlist, and a letter was sent to the Saints in Garden Grove. Only one man from the Garden Grove settlement, Edward Bunker, enlisted and served in the Mormon Battalion.
In the fall of 1846, when the last of the Mormons were driven out of Nauvoo, Illinois, the exiles camped on the west shore of the Mississippi River. Two rescue parties were sent from Winter Quarters and Council Bluffs, and an additional group was requested from Garden Grove. Luman Shurtliff led the third rescue party and brought the poorest of the exiles to the settlement at Garden Grove.
Through the winter of 1846/47, about 600 Latter-day Saints resided in Garden Grove. By 1852, the Mormon settlers had moved on to Utah, selling the property and improvements to other American frontiersmen. Garden Grove is a site on the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail. A marker just west of the city, overlooking a wooded ravine, marks the site of the former Mormon Cemetery.
Garden Grove was a shipping point on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.
A strong EF2 tornado struck the town on March 5, 2022, causing major damage to several structures.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 211 people in 78 households, including 49 families, in the city. The population density was . There were 103 housing units at an average density of . The racial makup of the city was 97.6% White, 0.9% African American, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9%.
Of the 78 households 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.9% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.2% were non-families. 26.9% of households were one person and 6.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 2.96.
The median age was 38.1 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.4% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 8.1% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.7% male and 48.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 250 people in 96 households, including 64 families, in the city. The population density was . There were 113 housing units at an average density of . The racial makup of the city was 99.60% White and 0.40% Native American.
Of the 96 households 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 28.1% of households were one person and 11.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.26.
The age distribution was 29.2% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males.
The median household income was $19,844 and the median family income was $29,464. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,301. About 28.3% of families and 35.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 28.2% of those sixty five or over.
Education
Mormon Trail Community School District operates schools serving the community.
References
External links
City Data Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about Garden Grove
Cities in Iowa
Cities in Decatur County, Iowa
Latter Day Saint movement in Iowa
Mormon Trail
Populated places established in 1846
1846 establishments in Iowa Territory |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<link rel="icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
<meta
name="description"
content="Web site created using create-react-app"
/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/logo192.png" />
<!--
manifest.json provides metadata used when your web app is installed on a
user's mobile device or desktop. See path_to_url
-->
<link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" />
<!--
Notice the use of %PUBLIC_URL% in the tags above.
It will be replaced with the URL of the `public` folder during the build.
Only files inside the `public` folder can be referenced from the HTML.
Unlike "/favicon.ico" or "favicon.ico", "%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" will
work correctly both with client-side routing and a non-root public URL.
Learn how to configure a non-root public URL by running `npm run build`.
-->
<title>React App</title>
</head>
<body>
<noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
<div id="root"></div>
<!--
This HTML file is a template.
If you open it directly in the browser, you will see an empty page.
You can add webfonts, meta tags, or analytics to this file.
The build step will place the bundled scripts into the <body> tag.
To begin the development, run `npm start` or `yarn start`.
To create a production bundle, use `npm run build` or `yarn build`.
-->
</body>
</html>
``` |
```java
package com.eventyay.organizer.core.speakerscall.create;
import com.eventyay.organizer.common.mvp.view.Erroneous;
import com.eventyay.organizer.common.mvp.view.Progressive;
import com.eventyay.organizer.common.mvp.view.Successful;
public interface CreateSpeakersCallView extends Progressive, Successful, Erroneous {
void dismiss();
}
``` |
Herman Adolph, Count of Lippe-Detmold (1616–1666) was a ruler of the county of Lippe.
Life
He was the son Count Simon VII and his wife, Countess Anna Catherine of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1590 -1622).
In 1659 he completed the expansion of the castle at Horn-Bad Meinberg with a splendid baroque entrance gate. The coat of arms of Herman Adolph and his wife can still be seen above this gate.
From 1663 to 1664, he fought in the 4th Austrian-Turkish war, leading a company of 140 soldiers. His soldiers returned to Lippe after the Peace of Vasvár.
Marriage and issue
In 1648, he married Countess Ernestine of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (9 February 1614 – 5 December 1665) from Offenbach. They had four children:
Simon Henry (13 March 1649 – 2 May 1697), married Burgravine Amalia of Dohna-Vianen (2 February 1645 – 11 March 1700), from The Hague
Anna Maria (20 February 1651 – 22 July 1690)
Ernestine Sophie (9 March 1652 – 22 January 1702)
Joanna Elizabeth (6 August 1653 – 5 June 1690), married Count Christoper Frederick of Dohna-Lauck
After the death of Ernestine's on 5 December 1665, he married in 1666 Countess Amalia of Lippe-Brake (20 September 1629 – 19 August 1676). This marriage remained childless.
External links
http://www.woiste.de/W-Krieg-3.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20041112150825/http://www.heimatverein-horn.de/burggeschichte.htm
Counts of Lippe
House of Lippe
1616 births
1666 deaths
17th-century German people |
Baud may refer to:
Baud, symbols per second or pulses per second
People:
Alf Baud (1892–1986), Australian rules footballer
Auguste Baud-Bovy (1848–1949), Swiss painter
Frédéric Baud (born 1975), French Nordic combined skier who competed from 1993 to 2004
Jean Baud (businessman) (1919–2012), French businessman
Jean Chrétien Baud (1789–1859), Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1833 until 1836
Jean-Jacques Baud (born 1947), French former sports shooter
Marcelle Baud (1890–1987), French Egyptologist and artist
Michel Baud (1963–2012), French Egyptologist, head of the Nubian Sudan section in the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum
Places:
Baud, Morbihan, commune in the Morbihan département in Brittany in north-western France
See also
Musée Baud, music-box museum in the Swiss village of L'Auberson in the Jura Mountains in the canton of Vaud
Émile Baudot (1845–1903), French engineer and inventor, after whom the telecommunications unit of baud is named |
Culiseta particeps is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. It is found along the West coast of the United States including Southern California, Arizona as well as Mexico and Guatemala. Cs. particeps is not a known vector of human pathogens.
References
External links
Culiseta - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, Science Direct.com, retrieved 8 April 2022
(PDF) The first record of Culiseta particeps (Diptera: Culicidae) in Canada, Researchgate.net, retrieved 8 April 2022
Culiseta particeps, Napamosquito.org, retrieved 8 April 2022
Culicidae
Insects described in 1903 |
The Nobu Hotel Barcelona, formerly the Gran Hotel Torre Catalunya, is a skyscraper and hotel in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Completed in 1970, has 25 floors and rises 100 metres (including mast) and 80 metres without mast. It is located near Barcelona Sants Railway Station, Plaça d'Espanya and three other skyscrapers: Edificio Allianz, Edificio Tarragona, Torre Núñez y Navarro. It was renamed Nobu Hotel Barcelona in 2019, following a major renovation.
See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in Barcelona
External links
Nobu Hotel Barcelona official website
References
Skyscraper hotels in Barcelona
Hotel buildings completed in 1970 |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
var isTypedArray = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-typed-array' );
var constantFunction = require( '@stdlib/utils/constant-function' );
var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
var filledarray = require( './../lib' );
// FUNCTIONS //
/**
* Creates a benchmark function.
*
* @private
* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
* @returns {Function} benchmark function
*/
function createBenchmark( len ) {
return benchmark;
/**
* Benchmark function.
*
* @private
* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
*/
function benchmark( b ) {
var clbk;
var arr;
var i;
clbk = constantFunction( 1.0 );
b.tic();
for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
arr = filledarray( len, 'float64', clbk );
if ( arr.length !== len ) {
b.fail( 'unexpected length' );
}
}
b.toc();
if ( !isTypedArray( arr ) ) {
b.fail( 'should return a typed array' );
}
b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
b.end();
}
}
// MAIN //
/**
* Main execution sequence.
*
* @private
*/
function main() {
var len;
var min;
var max;
var f;
var i;
min = 1; // 10^min
max = 6; // 10^max
for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
len = pow( 10, i );
f = createBenchmark( len );
bench( pkg+':dtype=float64,len='+len, f );
}
}
main();
``` |
```html
<div class="pt-2 pt-lg-3 px-0 px-lg-3">
<h3 class="mb-2"><ng-container i18n>Select your language</ng-container></h3>
<form
#selectLanguageFormRef="ngForm"
*ngIf="selectLanguageForm"
[class.needs-validation]="!selectLanguageFormRef.submitted"
[class.was-validated]="selectLanguageFormRef.submitted"
[formGroup]="selectLanguageForm">
<div class="col-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-5 col-xxl-4">
<p class="small mb-2 mb-md-3" i18n>The page will be reloaded.</p>
<div class="form-check d-flex justify-content-center justify-content-lg-start mb-2">
<input
class="form-check-input me-1"
formControlName="language"
id="spanish"
name="language"
type="radio"
value="es" />
<label class="form-check-label" for="spanish"> Espaol </label>
</div>
<div class="form-check d-flex justify-content-center justify-content-lg-start">
<input
class="form-check-input me-1"
formControlName="language"
id="english"
name="language"
type="radio"
value="en" />
<label class="form-check-label" for="english"> English </label>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
``` |
William Spencer Mason (May 25, 1832 – March 27, 1899) served as mayor of Portland, Oregon, from 1891 to 1894 and 1898 to 1899.
Biography
Mason was born in Prince William County, Virginia, on May 25, 1832. From humble origins, he began his career in railroads in the South and Midwest, continuing in San Francisco in the early 1870s, where he helped organize street railway companies. After moving to the Northwest, he helped construct the Northern Pacific line between Tacoma and Seattle.
Moving to Portland in 1881, he established McCraken & Mason, then the W. S. Mason Company, and in 1886 converted the firm into a partnership with Edward Ehrman as Mason, Ehrman & Company, a major wholesale grocery business in the Pacific Northwest. He later was president of the Portland National Bank and vice-president of the Portland Chamber of Commerce.
At the beginning of his first term as mayor, Portland consolidated with the cities of East Portland and Albina, and the city council was expanded from nine to 16 members, under a new city charter. He thrived on public contact, locating his desk in the new City Hall in 1894 in public view, and oversaw the city's recovery from the major flood of that year.
He began his second term as Portland mayor on July 1, 1898, but died before completing it. He began his second term by replacing the entire (corrupt) police department. He died on March 27, 1899, after an illness lasting about six weeks.
He devoted most of his fortune, and his wife's, to paying the depositors of the Portland National Bank during the Panic of 1893. His widow, Hannah Mason, died in 1908. Born in England and married once before, in Napa, California, she donated the property now known as Willamette Park to the City of Portland, where the Water Bureau's pumping station, dedicated in 2017, bears her name. The couple had no children.
References
External links
1832 births
1899 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
Mayors of Portland, Oregon
Oregon Republicans
People from Virginia
Place of birth missing
19th-century American businesspeople |
Colorado Springs Day Nursery is a school in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
Colorado Springs Day Nursery Association
The Colorado Springs Day Nursery Association was founded in 1897 by 14 women to provide child care for working women. In the 1900s medical services were provided to children. The daily fees were 10¢ for the first child in a family and 5¢ for each additional child. The association became part of the Community Chest, now United Way, in 1922.
Alice Bemis Taylor was one of the founders of the day care center and wrote in a letter to the Nursery's board in 1915: "If we did not hope for more than we can accomplish, we would not be working up to a higher ideal." She funded the construction of the Colorado Springs Day Nursery building in memory of her mother, Alice Cogswell Bemis. Christmas 1923, the new Tudor building was opened and $20 gold pieces ($250 in 2009 dollars) were handed out to workers who had built the nursery building. It was then called the Colorado Springs Day Nursery and Taylor was its president. The building construction cost was $262,040.
In the 1930s the nursery offered residential and day care services for children. A wading pool was dedicated in that decade. In the 1940s the cost for residential care was $10 per child. Licensing began in the 1940s. In the 1950s, the nursery offered care for dependent and neglected children, it provided care for up to 105 children, and had a 14-bed infirmary installed. The nursery was able to care for up to 122 children in the 1960s. Overnight care was discontinued in the 1970s.
Early Connections Learning Centers
In 1973, the nursery association merged with the Child Day Care Center and their resulting organization was named the Child Nursery Centers. In addition to the Colorado Springs Day Nursery Center on East Rio Grande, there are also locations at Antlers Place, South Chelton (1974, relocated to South Chelton in 1984) and Sand Creek Center (1995). In 2000 the organization began the Home Network program that partnered with child care providers. In 2003 the organization opened Court Care, in partnership with Court Care for the Pikes Peak Region, to provide child care while parents attended to "court related activities." In 2008 2 school age sites were opened in the Harrison School district. The organization changed their name to Early Connections Learning Centers in 2010. The organization said that the new name "better reflected our broad range of services for children and families."
Early Connections Learning Centers implemented a Professional Development Program and in 2001 through 2003 was nominated for El Pomar Foundation's "Award for Excellence".
Services
The Day Nursery can provides services for up to 171 children, aged 2 1/2 to 14 years of age. There are 2 classrooms for school age children and 3 classrooms for preschool children. They partner with the Community Partnership For Child Development, including the Head Start Program, and the Colorado Preschool Program in Colorado Springs School District 11. It became National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) accredited in 2010.
See also
History of Colorado Springs, Colorado
Notes
References
External links
Colorado Springs Day Nursery
Colorado Springs Day Nursery - Historic photos
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Colorado State Register of Historic Properties
Buildings and structures in Colorado Springs, Colorado
Schools in Colorado Springs, Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Springs, Colorado |
```shell
CPU benchmark with `dd`
Force a time update with `ntp`
Find out if the system's architecture is 32 or 64 bit
Preventing a user from logging into the system
Fixing `locale` issues in Debian systems
``` |
Closing time may refer to:
Books
Closing Time (novel), a 1994 novel and sequel to Catch-22 by Joseph Heller
Closing Time: The True Story of the Goodbar Murder, a 1977 book by Lacey Fosburgh
"Closing Time", a short story by Neil Gaiman included in the 2006 collection Fragile Things
Music
Closing Time (album), a 1973 album by Tom Waits, or the title song
"Closing Time" (Deacon Blue song), 1991
"Closing Time" (Hole song), 1993
"Closing Time" (Semisonic song), 1998
"Closing Time", a song by Leonard Cohen from The Future, 1992
"Closing Time", a song by Lyle Lovett from Lyle Lovett, 1986
"Closing Time", a song by Tyler Joe Miller from Spillin' My Truth, 2023
"Lounge (Closing Time)", a song by Modest Mouse from The Lonesome Crowded West, 1997
Television
"Closing Time" (Beavis and Butt-head)
"Closing Time" (Doctor Who)
"Closing Time" (Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps)
See also
Closing time effect
Business hours
Last call (disambiguation) |
Lois Martha Roberts ( – ) was an Australian murder victim, whose death near Nimbin, New South Wales in 1998 remains unsolved.
Background
Roberts was the daughter of Pastor Frank Roberts, a minister with the Church of Christ and an Aboriginal activist, and Muriel Roberts. She was the twin sister of the arts administrator and broadcaster Rhoda Roberts AO, and the sister of Philip and Mark. Brought up and educated in the Lismore region in northern New South Wales, Roberts trained as a hairdresser until, at age 20, she was seriously injured in a car accident sustaining permanent brain damage. She was rehabilitated sufficiently to care for herself and went to live on her own near Lismore. Subsequently, she had two children who were raised by her mother and twin sister.
Disappearance
Roberts was last seen outside Nimbin Police Station on 31 July 1998. It would appear that she was abducted while hitch-hiking between Nimbin and Lismore and then tortured and abused before being killed. Her badly mutilated body was found about six months after her disappearance in January 1999. A bushwalker found the remains in Whian Whian State Forest, near Dunoon, deep in thick bush some way off a fire trail.
Investigation and aftermath
The perpetrator or perpetrators of the crime have never been identified. An inquest was held in June 2002. The senior stipendiary magistrate of the Lismore Court Circuit, Jeff Linden, sitting as a coroner returned an open finding after a two-week hearing.
See also
Bowraville Murders
List of solved missing persons cases
List of unsolved murders
References
External links
Death Of Lois Martha Roberts - speech by The Hon. Janelle Saffin in the Parliament of New South Wales 12 May 1999
A Sister's Love - documentary (2006) by Ivan Sen
Interview with Rhoda Roberts - Life Matters ABC Radio National (audio download available)
Roberts faces her sister’s tragedy - article from Byron Bay Echo September 2007
Web page about the documentary, A Sister's Love.
Dirty Little Secrets unsolved murder series - series of articles by Kate Kachor for Nine News in 2017
1990s missing person cases
Australian murder victims
Deaths by person in Australia
Formerly missing people
Missing person cases in Australia
Unsolved murders in Australia
1998 in Australia
History of New South Wales |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package discovery
import (
"github.com/montanaflynn/stats"
"github.com/openark/golib/log"
)
// AggregatedQueueMetrics contains aggregate information some part queue metrics
type AggregatedQueueMetrics struct {
ActiveMinEntries float64
ActiveMeanEntries float64
ActiveMedianEntries float64
ActiveP95Entries float64
ActiveMaxEntries float64
QueuedMinEntries float64
QueuedMeanEntries float64
QueuedMedianEntries float64
QueuedP95Entries float64
QueuedMaxEntries float64
}
// we pull out values in ints so convert to float64 for metric calculations
func intSliceToFloat64Slice(someInts []int) stats.Float64Data {
var slice stats.Float64Data
for _, v := range someInts {
slice = append(slice, float64(v))
}
return slice
}
// DiscoveryQueueMetrics returns some raw queue metrics based on the
// period (last N entries) requested.
func (q *Queue) DiscoveryQueueMetrics(period int) []QueueMetric {
q.Lock()
defer q.Unlock()
// adjust period in case we ask for something that's too long
if period > len(q.metrics) {
log.Debugf("DiscoveryQueueMetrics: wanted: %d, adjusting period to %d", period, len(q.metrics))
period = len(q.metrics)
}
a := q.metrics[len(q.metrics)-period:]
log.Debugf("DiscoveryQueueMetrics: returning values: %+v", a)
return a
}
// AggregatedDiscoveryQueueMetrics Returns some aggregate statistics
// based on the period (last N entries) requested. We store up to
// config.Config.DiscoveryQueueMaxStatisticsSize values and collect once
// a second so we expect period to be a smaller value.
func (q *Queue) AggregatedDiscoveryQueueMetrics(period int) *AggregatedQueueMetrics {
wanted := q.DiscoveryQueueMetrics(period)
var activeEntries, queuedEntries []int
// fill vars
for i := range wanted {
activeEntries = append(activeEntries, wanted[i].Active)
queuedEntries = append(queuedEntries, wanted[i].Queued)
}
a := &AggregatedQueueMetrics{
ActiveMinEntries: min(intSliceToFloat64Slice(activeEntries)),
ActiveMeanEntries: mean(intSliceToFloat64Slice(activeEntries)),
ActiveMedianEntries: median(intSliceToFloat64Slice(activeEntries)),
ActiveP95Entries: percentile(intSliceToFloat64Slice(activeEntries), 95),
ActiveMaxEntries: max(intSliceToFloat64Slice(activeEntries)),
QueuedMinEntries: min(intSliceToFloat64Slice(queuedEntries)),
QueuedMeanEntries: mean(intSliceToFloat64Slice(queuedEntries)),
QueuedMedianEntries: median(intSliceToFloat64Slice(queuedEntries)),
QueuedP95Entries: percentile(intSliceToFloat64Slice(queuedEntries), 95),
QueuedMaxEntries: max(intSliceToFloat64Slice(queuedEntries)),
}
log.Debugf("AggregatedDiscoveryQueueMetrics: returning values: %+v", a)
return a
}
``` |
Fort Gaines is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Georgia, United States. It has a population of 1,107 as of the 2010 census.
History
The present town of Fort Gaines was founded in 1816 as protection against the indigenous Creeks and prospered due to riverboat trade. Though it was named for General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, he did not arrive there with the 4th Infantry of the United States Army until 1816. A fort of the same name had been built in 1814 nearby on the Chattachoochee River. In 1854, Fort Gaines was designated seat of the newly formed Clay County.
According to The Floridian newspaper of 1840, in Fort Gaines were the Chattahoochee Female College and the Independent College for Young Men, boarding schools (not colleges, as that word is traditionally used today). "The writer esteems that the society and location of Fort Gaines for literary purposes, so far as the education of youths is concerned, equal to that of Sparta [Georgia]."
Geography
Fort Gaines is located along the western edge of Clay County at (31.614226, -85.048317). Its western boundary is the Chattahoochee River, which is also the state line with Alabama. Walter F. George Lock and Dam crosses the river between the northern side of Fort Gaines and Alabama, forming Walter F. George Lake, also known as Lake Eufaula.
Georgia State Routes 37, 39, and 266 all run through the city. GA-37 runs east-west just south of the downtown area, leading east to Edison and west to Abbeville, Alabama (as Alabama State Route 10). GA-39 runs north-south through the center of town as Hancock Street, leading north to Georgetown and southeast to Blakely. GA-266 begins just north of the city and leads northeast to Cuthbert.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Fort Gaines has a total area of , of which is land and , or 37.99%, is water.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 995 people, 336 households, and 212 families residing in the city.
2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 1,110 people, 429 households and 287 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 519 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 67.93% African American, 31.08% White, 0.18% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.44% of the population.
There were 429 households, of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.2% were married couples living together, 31.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07.
Age distribution was 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 21.0% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 72.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 65.8 males.
The median household income was $18,30, and the median family income was $20,909. Males had a median income of $20,417 versus $14,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,481. About 34.7% of families and 40.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.2% of those under age 18 and 26.7% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Clay County School District
The Clay County School District holds pre-school to grade nine, and consists of one elementary school, one middle school, and one ninth-grade education building. The district has 27 full-time teachers and over 358 students. High school aged students attend 10-12th grade in adjoining Randolph County, Georgia.
Clay County Elementary School
Clay County Middle School
Ninth-Grade Academy
Notable people
Frances Sage Bradley, rural physician
Mackey Sasser, baseball player
See also
References
External links
Founding of Fort Gaines historical marker from the Digital Library of Georgia
Fort Gaines historical marker
In the Confederacy historical marker
Queen City of the Chattahoochee historical marker
Site of Fort Gaines Female College historical marker
Mt. Gilead Baptist Church historical marker
Gaines
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Cities in Clay County, Georgia
County seats in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia populated places on the Chattahoochee River
Gaines
1816 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) |
```objective-c
#ifndef VALHALLA_MJOLNIR_GRAPHTILEBUILDER_H_
#define VALHALLA_MJOLNIR_GRAPHTILEBUILDER_H_
#include <algorithm>
#include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>
#include <cstdint>
#include <list>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>
#include <valhalla/baldr/admin.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/graphid.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/graphtile.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/graphtileheader.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/nodetransition.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/sign.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/signinfo.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/transitdeparture.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/transitroute.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/transitschedule.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/transitstop.h>
#include <valhalla/baldr/turnlanes.h>
#include <valhalla/mjolnir/complexrestrictionbuilder.h>
#include <valhalla/mjolnir/directededgebuilder.h>
#include <valhalla/mjolnir/edgeinfobuilder.h>
#include <valhalla/mjolnir/landmarks.h>
namespace valhalla {
namespace mjolnir {
using edge_tuple = std::tuple<uint32_t, baldr::GraphId, baldr::GraphId>;
/**
* Graph information for a tile within the Tiled Hierarchical Graph.
*/
class GraphTileBuilder : public baldr::GraphTile {
public:
/**
* Constructor given an existing tile. This is used to read in the tile
* data and then add to it (e.g. adding node connections between hierarchy
* levels. If the deserialize flag is set then all objects are serialized
* from memory into builders that can be added to and then stored using
* StoreTileData.
* @param tile_dir Base directory path
* @param graphid GraphId used to determine the tileid and level
* @param deserialize If true the existing objects in the tile are
* converted into builders so they can be added to.
* @param serialize_turn_lanes If true, the offsets are truly text offsets.
* If false, the offsets are indexes into unique name file
*/
GraphTileBuilder(const std::string& tile_dir,
const GraphId& graphid,
const bool deserialize,
bool serialize_turn_lanes = true);
/**
* Output the tile to file. Stores as binary data.
* @param graphid GraphID to store.
* @param hierarchy Gives info about number of tiles per level
*/
void StoreTileData();
/**
* Update a graph tile with new nodes and directed edges. Assumes no new
* nodes or edges are added. Attributes within existing nodes and edges
* are updated. This is used in GraphValidator to update directed edge
* information.
* @param nodes Updated list of nodes
* @param directededges Updated list of edges.
*/
void Update(const std::vector<NodeInfo>& nodes, const std::vector<DirectedEdge>& directededges);
/**
* Get the current list of node builders.
* @return Returns the node info builders.
*/
std::vector<NodeInfo>& nodes();
/**
* Gets the current list of directed edge (builders).
* @return Returns the directed edge builders.
*/
std::vector<DirectedEdge>& directededges();
/**
* Gets the current list of directed edge extension (builders).
* @return Returns the directed edge extension builders.
*/
std::vector<DirectedEdgeExt>& directededges_ext();
/**
* Gets the current list of node transition (builders).
* @return Returns a reference to node transition builders.
*/
std::vector<NodeTransition>& transitions() {
return transitions_builder_;
}
/**
* Add a transit departure.
* @param departure Transit departure record.
*/
void AddTransitDeparture(const baldr::TransitDeparture& departure);
/**
* Add a transit stop.
* @param stop Transit stop record.
*/
void AddTransitStop(const baldr::TransitStop& stop);
/**
* Add a transit route.
* @param route Transit route record.
*/
void AddTransitRoute(const baldr::TransitRoute& route);
/**
* Add a transit schedule.
* @param schedule Transit schedule record.
*/
void AddTransitSchedule(const baldr::TransitSchedule& schedule);
/**
* Add an access restriction.
* @param access_restriction Access Restriction record.
*/
void AddAccessRestriction(const baldr::AccessRestriction& access_restriction);
/**
* Add restriction.
* @param restrictions Access restrictions
*/
void AddAccessRestrictions(const std::vector<AccessRestriction>& restrictions);
/**
* Add sign information.
* @param idx Directed edge index.
* @param signs Sign information.
*/
void AddSigns(const uint32_t idx,
const std::vector<baldr::SignInfo>& signs,
const std::vector<std::string>& linguistics);
/**
* Add sign information.
* @param idx Directed edge index.
* @param signs Sign information.
*/
void AddSigns(const uint32_t idx, const std::vector<baldr::SignInfo>& signs);
/**
* Add lane connectivity information.
* @param idx Directed edge index.
* @param lc Lane connectivity information.
*/
void AddLaneConnectivity(const std::vector<baldr::LaneConnectivity>& lc);
/**
* Add forward complex restriction.
* @param res Complex restriction.
*/
void AddForwardComplexRestriction(const ComplexRestrictionBuilder& res);
/**
* Add reverse complex restriction.
* @param res Complex restriction.
*/
void AddReverseComplexRestriction(const ComplexRestrictionBuilder& res);
/**
*
* @param edgeindex The index of the edge - used with nodea and nodeb to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param nodea One of two nodes - used with edgeindex and nodeb to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param nodeb One of two nodes - used with edgeindex and nodea to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param edge_info_offset the index of the edge info within the tile
*
* @return The edge info offset that will be stored in the directed edge.
*/
bool HasEdgeInfo(const uint32_t edgeindex,
const baldr::GraphId& nodea,
const baldr::GraphId& nodeb,
uint32_t& edge_info_offset);
/**
* Process Tagged values for the edge.
* @param edgeindex The edgeindex we are processing.
* @param names The names to add.
* @param name_count The current name count.
* @param name_info_list The list to add the name infos
*/
void ProcessTaggedValues(const uint32_t edgeindex,
const std::vector<std::string>& names,
size_t& name_count,
std::vector<NameInfo>& name_info_list);
/**
* Add the edge info to the tile.
*
* @param edgeindex The index of the edge - used with nodea and nodeb to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param nodea One of two nodes - used with edgeindex and nodeb to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param nodeb One of two nodes - used with edgeindex and nodea to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param wayid The target edge is part of this the way id.
* @param elev Mean elevation.
* @param bn Bike network.
* @param spd Speed limit. [kph]
* @param lls The shape of the target edge.
* @param names The names of the target edge.
* @param linguistics The pronunciations and languages of the target edge.
* @param types Bits indicating if the name is a ref vs a name.
* @param added Set to true if the target edge was newly added to the list,
* set to false if the target edge was already in the list.
* @param diff_names Indicates the opposing direction has different names.
* If true a new EdgeInfo is always added.
* @return The edge info offset that will be stored in the directed edge.
*/
template <class shape_container_t>
uint32_t AddEdgeInfo(const uint32_t edgeindex,
baldr::GraphId nodea,
baldr::GraphId nodeb,
const uint64_t wayid,
const float elev,
const uint32_t bn,
const uint32_t spd,
const shape_container_t& lls,
const std::vector<std::string>& names,
const std::vector<std::string>& tagged_values,
const std::vector<std::string>& linguistics,
const uint16_t types,
bool& added,
bool diff_names = false);
/**
* Add the edge info to the tile. This method accepts an encoded shape string.
* @param edgeindex The index of the edge - used with nodea and nodeb to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param nodea One of two nodes - used with edgeindex and nodeb to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param nodeb One of two nodes - used with edgeindex and nodea to
* form tuple that uniquely identifies the edge info since
* there are two directed edges per edge info.
* @param wayid The target edge is part of this the way id.
* @param elev Mean elevation.
* @param bn Bike network.
* @param spd Speed limit.
* @param llstr The shape of the target edge as an encoded string.
* @param names The names of the target edge.
* @param tagged_values The tagged names of the target edge.
* @param linguistics The pronunciations and languages of the target edge.
* @param types Bits indicating if the name is a ref vs a name.
* @param added Set to true if the target edge was newly added to the list,
* set to false if the target edge was already in the list.
* @param diff_names Indicates the opposing direction has different names.
* If true a new EdgeInfo is always added.
* @return The edge info offset that will be stored in the directed edge.
*/
uint32_t AddEdgeInfo(const uint32_t edgeindex,
baldr::GraphId nodea,
baldr::GraphId nodeb,
const uint64_t wayid,
const float elev,
const uint32_t bn,
const uint32_t spd,
const std::string& llstr,
const std::vector<std::string>& names,
const std::vector<std::string>& tagged_values,
const std::vector<std::string>& linguistics,
const uint16_t types,
bool& added,
bool diff_names = false);
/**
* Set the mean elevation in the most recently added EdgeInfo.
* @param elev Mean elevation.
*/
void set_mean_elevation(const float elev);
/**
* Set mean elevation and encoded elevation within the EdgeInfo given the edge info offset.
* This requires a serialized tile builder.
* @param offset Edge info offset.
* @param mean_elevation Mean elevation.
* @param encoded_elevation Encoded elevation.
* @return Returns size of the updated EdgeInfo data.
*/
uint32_t set_elevation(const uint32_t offset,
const float mean_elevation,
const std::vector<int8_t>& encoded_elevation);
/**
* Add a name to the text list.
* @param name Name/text to add.
* @return Returns offset (bytes) to the name.
*/
uint32_t AddName(const std::string& name);
/**
* Add admin info to the tile.
* @param country_name Country name of the admin
* @param state_name State name of the admin
* @param country_iso Country ISO Code. ISO3166-1
* @param state_iso State ISO Code. ISO3166-2 Example://
* Prince Edward Island = PE
* Country ISO + dash + state ISO will give
* you ISO3166-2 for state.
* @return The admin offset that will be stored on the node.
*/
uint32_t AddAdmin(const std::string& country_name,
const std::string& state_name,
const std::string& country_iso,
const std::string& state_iso);
/**
* Gets a reference to the header builder.
* @return Returns a reference to the header builder.
*/
GraphTileHeader& header_builder();
/**
* Gets a node from an existing tile.
* @param idx Index of the node within the tile.
* @return Returns a reference to the node builder.
*/
NodeInfo& node(const size_t idx);
/**
* Get the node at the specified index.
* @param idx Index of the node builder.
* @return Returns a reference to the node builder.
*/
NodeInfo& node_builder(const size_t idx);
/**
* Gets a directed edge from existing tile data.
* @param idx Index of the directed edge within the tile.
* @return Returns a reference to the directed edge.
*/
DirectedEdge& directededge(const size_t idx);
/**
* Gets a directed edge extension from existing tile data.
* @param idx Index of the directed edge extension within the tile.
* @return Returns a reference to the directed edge extension.
*/
DirectedEdgeExt& directededge_ext(const size_t idx);
/**
* Gets a pointer to directed edges within the list being built.
* @param idx Index of the directed edge within the tile.
* @return Returns a pointer to the directed edge builder (allows
* accessing all directed edges from a node).
*/
const DirectedEdge* directededges(const size_t idx) const;
/**
* Gets a pointer to directed edge extensions within the list being built.
* @param idx Index of the directed edge within the tile.
* @return Returns a pointer to the directed edge extension builder (allows
* accessing all directed edge extensions from a node).
*/
const DirectedEdgeExt* directededges_ext(const size_t idx) const;
/**
* Get the directed edge builder at the specified index.
* @param idx Index of the directed edge builder.
* @return Returns a reference to the directed edge builder.
*/
DirectedEdge& directededge_builder(const size_t idx);
/**
* Get the directed edge extension builder at the specified index.
* @param idx Index of the directed edge extension builder.
* @return Returns a reference to the directed edge extension builder.
*/
DirectedEdgeExt& directededge_ext_builder(const size_t idx);
/**
* Gets a non-const access restriction from existing tile data.
* @param idx Index of the restriction (index in the array, not the
* directed edge index) within the tile.
* @return Returns a reference to the access restriction.
*/
AccessRestriction& accessrestriction(const size_t idx);
/**
* Gets an access restriction builder at the specified index.
* @param idx Index of the restriction (index in the array, not the
* directed edge index) within the tile.
* @return Returns a reference to the access restriction (builder).
*/
AccessRestriction& accessrestriction_builder(const size_t idx);
/**
* Gets a non-const sign (builder) from existing tile data.
* @param idx Index of the sign (index in the array, not the
* directed edge index) within the tile.
* @return Returns a reference to the sign builder.
*/
valhalla::baldr::Sign& sign(const size_t idx);
/**
* Get the sign builder at the specified index.
* @param idx Index of the sign builder.
* @return Returns a reference to the sign builder.
*/
valhalla::baldr::Sign& sign_builder(const size_t idx);
/**
* Gets a const admin builder at specified index.
* @param idx Index of the admin builder in the list.
*/
const Admin& admins_builder(size_t idx);
/**
* Sets the tile creation date.
* @param tile_creation_date number of days from pivot date
*/
void AddTileCreationDate(const uint32_t tile_creation_date);
/**
* Generates bin information for the edges in the provided tile
* @param hierarchy to perform the intersection with the bins' geoms
* @param tile the tile whose edges need the binned
* @param tweeners the additional bins in other tiles that intersect this tiles edges
*/
using tweeners_t = std::unordered_map<GraphId, std::array<std::vector<GraphId>, kBinCount>>;
static std::array<std::vector<GraphId>, kBinCount> BinEdges(const graph_tile_ptr& tile,
tweeners_t& tweeners);
/**
* Adds to the bins the tile already has, only modifies the header to reflect the new counts
* and the bins themselves, everything else is copied directly without ever looking at it
* @param tile_dir Base tile directory
* @param tile the tile that needs the bins added
* @param more_bins the extra bin data to append to the tile
*/
static void AddBins(const std::string& tile_dir,
const graph_tile_ptr& tile,
const std::array<std::vector<GraphId>, kBinCount>& more_bins);
/**
* Get the turn lane builder at the specified index.
* @param idx Index of the turn lane builder.
* @return Returns a reference to the turn lane builder.
*/
TurnLanes& turnlane_builder(const size_t idx);
/**
* Add turn lane information for a directed edge.
* @param idx Directed edge index.
* @param str Turn lane information.
*/
void AddTurnLanes(const uint32_t idx, const std::string& str);
/**
* Add turn lane information for a directed edge.
* @param idx Directed edge index.
* @param tl_idx Turn lane index into the OSMData name_offset map
*/
void AddTurnLanes(const uint32_t idx, const uint32_t tl_idx);
/**
* Add turn lanes
* @param turn_lanes vector of turn lanes
*/
void AddTurnLanes(const std::vector<TurnLanes>& turn_lanes);
/**
* Add a predicted speed profile for a directed edge.
* @param idx Edge Id within the tile.
* @param profile Compressed profile (200 short int)
* @param predicted_count_hint How many predicted speeds should we expect to add
*/
void AddPredictedSpeed(const uint32_t idx,
const std::array<int16_t, kCoefficientCount>& coefficients,
const size_t predicted_count_hint = 256);
/**
* Updates a tile with predictive speed data. Also updates directed edges with
* free flow and constrained flow speeds and the predicted traffic flag. The
* predicted traffic is written after turn lane data.
* @param directededges Updated directed edge information.
*/
void UpdatePredictedSpeeds(const std::vector<DirectedEdge>& directededges);
/**
* Adds a landmark to the given edge id by modifying its edgeinfo to add a name and tagged value
*
* @param edge_id the edge id to modify
* @param landmark the landmark to associate to the edge
*/
void AddLandmark(const baldr::GraphId& edge_id, const Landmark& landmark);
/**
* Is there an opposing edge with matching edgeinfo offset. The end node of the directed edge
* must be in the same tile as the directed edge. This is called during the building of the
* tiles; therefore, we can't use GetOpposingEdgeId as it has not been set yet.
* @param tile Graph tile of the edge
* @param directededge Directed edge to check.
*/
bool OpposingEdgeInfoDiffers(const graph_tile_ptr& tile, const DirectedEdge* edge);
protected:
struct EdgeTupleHasher {
std::size_t operator()(const edge_tuple& k) const {
std::size_t seed = 13;
boost::hash_combine(seed, index_hasher(std::get<0>(k)));
boost::hash_combine(seed, id_hasher(std::get<1>(k)));
boost::hash_combine(seed, id_hasher(std::get<2>(k)));
return seed;
}
// function to hash each id
std::hash<uint32_t> index_hasher;
std::hash<valhalla::baldr::GraphId> id_hasher;
};
// Edge tuple for sharing edges that have common nodes and edgeindex
static edge_tuple EdgeTuple(const uint32_t edgeindex,
const valhalla::baldr::GraphId& nodea,
const valhalla::baldr::GraphId& nodeb) {
return (nodea < nodeb) ? std::make_tuple(edgeindex, nodea, nodeb)
: std::make_tuple(edgeindex, nodeb, nodea);
}
// Write all edgeinfo items to specified stream
void SerializeEdgeInfosToOstream(std::ostream& out) const;
// Write all textlist items to specified stream
void SerializeTextListToOstream(std::ostream& out) const;
// Base tile directory
std::string tile_dir_;
// Header information for the tile
GraphTileHeader header_builder_;
// List of nodes. This is a fixed size structure so it can be
// indexed directly.
std::vector<NodeInfo> nodes_builder_;
// List of directed edges. This is a fixed size structure so it can be
// indexed directly.
std::vector<DirectedEdge> directededges_builder_;
// Optional list of directed edge extended attributes. If this is used it must be the same size
// as the directededges_builder.
std::vector<DirectedEdgeExt> directededges_ext_builder_;
// List of node transitions. This is a fixed size structure so it can be
// indexed directly.
std::vector<NodeTransition> transitions_builder_;
// List of transit departures. Sorted by directed edge Id and
// departure time
std::vector<baldr::TransitDeparture> departure_builder_;
// Transit stops.
std::vector<baldr::TransitStop> stop_builder_;
// Transit route.
std::vector<baldr::TransitRoute> route_builder_;
// Transit schedules.
std::vector<baldr::TransitSchedule> schedule_builder_;
// List of restrictions. Sorted by directed edge Id
std::vector<baldr::AccessRestriction> access_restriction_builder_;
// List of signs. This is a fixed size structure so it can be
// indexed directly.
std::vector<valhalla::baldr::Sign> signs_builder_;
// List of admins. This is a fixed size structure so it can be
// indexed directly.
std::vector<Admin> admins_builder_;
// Admin info offset
std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> admin_info_offset_map_;
// The forward complex restriction list
std::vector<ComplexRestrictionBuilder> complex_restriction_forward_builder_;
// The reverse complex restriction list
std::vector<ComplexRestrictionBuilder> complex_restriction_reverse_builder_;
// Edge info offset and map
size_t edge_info_offset_ = 0;
std::unordered_map<edge_tuple, size_t, EdgeTupleHasher> edge_offset_map_;
std::unordered_map<uint32_t, EdgeInfoBuilder*> edgeinfo_offset_map_;
// The edgeinfo list
std::list<EdgeInfoBuilder> edgeinfo_list_;
// Text list offset and map
uint32_t text_list_offset_ = 0;
std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> text_offset_map_;
// Text list. List of names used within this tile
std::list<std::string> textlistbuilder_;
// List of lane connectivity records.
std::vector<LaneConnectivity> lane_connectivity_builder_;
// List of turn lanes.
std::vector<TurnLanes> turnlanes_builder_;
// Offsets into predicted speed profiles for each directed edge.
std::vector<uint32_t> speed_profile_offset_builder_;
// Predicted speed profiles. 200 short int for each directed edge which has predicted speed.
std::vector<int16_t> speed_profile_builder_;
// lane connectivity list offset
uint32_t lane_connectivity_offset_ = 0;
};
#ifdef ENABLE_THREAD_SAFE_TILE_REF_COUNT
using graph_tile_builder_ptr = std::shared_ptr<GraphTileBuilder>;
#else
using graph_tile_builder_ptr = boost::intrusive_ptr<GraphTileBuilder>;
#endif
} // namespace mjolnir
} // namespace valhalla
#endif // VALHALLA_MJOLNIR_GRAPHTILEBUILDER_H_
``` |
Nicholas William Campofreda (January 14, 1914 – May 23, 1959) was an American football player. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins in 1944. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, he played college football at Western Maryland College–now known as McDaniel College.Nick was also a professional wrestler having wrestled Jack Dempsey several times. He also was on the first coaching staff of the Baltimore Colts of the AAFC in 1947. He later worked for WAAM (now WJZ-TV) in Baltimore hosting the TV WAAMboree a local variety show. He was the sportscaster for the local news in Baltimore for years and was also the play by play commentator for the Colts and Orioles games. He was the spokesperson for American Brewing in Baltimore and did several famous commercials for the local Brewery.
References
1914 births
1959 deaths
American football centers
American football tackles
McDaniel Green Terror football players
Washington Redskins players
Baltimore City College alumni
Players of American football from Baltimore |
The following is a timeline of the history of Lynn, Massachusetts, USA.
17th-18th century
1629 - Saugus founded. Among the founders — Edmund Ingalls
1637 - Saugus renamed to Lynn in honor of Reverend Samuel Whiting (Senior), Lynn's first official minister who arrived from King's Lynn.
1642 - Saugus Iron Works in business.
1644 - Reading separates from Lynn.
1720 - Lynnfield burying-ground established.
1732 - Saugus burying-ground established.
1782 - Lynnfield separates from Lynn.
1793 - Post office in operation.
1797 - Population: 2,291.
19th century
1803 - Floating Bridge constructed on Salem-Boston turnpike.
1810 - Population: 4,087.
1812 - Eastern Burial-Place established.
1814 - Town House built.
1815
Saugus separates from Lynn.
Social Library formed.
1830 - Lynn Record newspaper begins publication.
1838
Eastern Railroad in operation.
Lynn Natural History Society formed.
1840 - Population: 9,367.
1841
Lyceum building constructed.
Frederick Douglass moves to Lynn.
September 28 - Frederick Douglass is thrown off the Eastern Railroad train at Lynn Central Square station for refusing to sit in the segregated coach
1845 Frederick Douglass writes his first autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave while living in Lynn
1847 - High Rock Cottage (also called "Stone Cottage") is built by Alonzo Lewis for Jesse Hutchinson
1848 - First High Rock Tower built.
1850
May 14 - City of Lynn incorporated.
George Hood becomes mayor.
Pine Grove Cemetery consecrated.
1851 - First High School built.
1852
May - Swampscott separates from Lynn.
June - Benjamin Franklin Mudge becomes mayor.
1853
February - Saugus Branch Railroad opens for passengers with four stations in Lynn. Lynn's Andrews Breed is the railroad's first superintendent.
March - Nahant separates from Lynn.
April - Daniel C. Baker becomes mayor.
1854 - Lynn Weekly Reporter newspaper begins publication.
1855
Andrews Breed becomes mayor.
Lynn Library Association organized.
1856
Ezra W. Mudge becomes mayor.
African Methodist Episcopal Church established.
1858
William F. Johnson becomes mayor.
Telegraph in service.
St. Mary's Cemetery consecrated.
1859 - Edward S. Davis becomes mayor.
1860 - New England Shoemakers Strike of 1860 begins in Lynn
1861 - Hiram N. Breed becomes mayor.
1862
Peter M. Neal becomes mayor.
Free Public Library established.
1863 - Boston & Lynn Horse Railroad begins operating.
1865
April 19 - original High Rock Tower destroyed by fire
1866
Roland G. Usher becomes mayor.
Mary Baker Eddy experiences the fall in Lynn, believed by Christian Scientists to mark the birth of their religion.
1867
City Hall dedicated.
Lynn Transcript newspaper begins publication.
1868 - Young Men's Christian Association organized.
1870
Edwin Walden becomes mayor.
Music Hall opens.
1872
Labor strike by shoemakers.
James N. Buffum becomes mayor.
Odd Fellows Hall built.
Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad chartered.
1873
Jacob M. Lewis becomes mayor.
Soldiers' Monument installed.
1876 - Lynn City Item newspaper begins publication.
1877 - Samuel M. Bubier becomes mayor.
1879
January - George Plaisted Sanderson becomes mayor.
June - 250th anniversary of settlement.
1880 - Lynn Masonic Hall built.
1881
Henry B. Lovering elected mayor.
Lynn Woods established.
St. Stephen's Memorial Episcopal Church built.
Saint Mary's Boys High School established.
1882 - Lynn's Henry B. Lovering is elected to the United States House of Representatives.
1883
William L. Baird becomes mayor.
Thomson-Houston Electric Company in business.
1885
John R. Baldwin becomes mayor.
G.A.R. Hall built.
1886 - George D. Hart becomes mayor.
1887
English High School established.
Henry Cabot Lodge becomes Massachusetts's 6th congressional district representative.
1888
March 11–14 Lynn and all of Massachusetts are crippled by the Great Blizzard of 1888
George C. Higgins becomes mayor.
Thomson-Houston Electric Company powers the first electric streetcar in Massachusetts: the Highland Circuit of the Lynn & Boston Railway Company
1889
Asa T. Newhall becomes mayor.
A fire sweeps through the downtown, destroying a large swath of commercial and retail space.
1890 - Fabens Building and Tapley Building constructed.
1891
E. Knowlton Fogg becomes mayor.
Lynn Bank Block and Mowers' Block built.
1892
Elihu B. Hayes becomes mayor.
General Electric formed by a merger of Edison General Electric Company of Schenectady, New York and Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn.
Lynn English High School on Essex Street opens
Lynn Classical High School opened.
1893 - Lynn Armory built.
1894 - Charles E. Harwood becomes mayor.
1895 - Boston and Maine's Central Square station rebuilt.
1896
Eugene A. Besson becomes mayor.
Post Office built.
1897
Walter L. Ramsdell becomes mayor.
Lynn Historical Society incorporated.
1898 - Lynn Public Library built.
1899 - William Shepherd becomes mayor.
20th century
1900 - Population: 68,513.
1903
Henry W. Eastham becomes mayor.
Vamp Building constructed.
1904
second High Rock Tower constructed
1905
St. Michael the Archangel Parish established.
431 factories in Lynn.
1906 - Charles Neal Barney becomes mayor.
1907 Lynndyl, Utah, a town named after Lynn, is founded.
1908 - Thomas F. Porter becomes mayor.
1909 - James E. Rich becomes mayor.
1910 - Population: 89,336.
1911 - William P. Connery, Sr. becomes mayor.
1913
George H. Newhall becomes mayor.
Chamber of Commerce established.
1916 - James Street addition to the original Lynn English High School opens
1918 - Walter H. Creamer becomes mayor.
1921 - Bridge rebuilt on Salem-Boston turnpike.
1922
Harland A. McPhetres becomes mayor.
Lynn's William P. Connery, Jr. is elected to the United States House of Representatives.
1924
March 29 - Fire destroys the 1892 portion of the original Lynn English High School
1926 - Ralph S. Bauer becomes mayor.
1928 - An explosion at the Preble Box Toe Company factory kills 20.
1930
Population: 102,320.
J. Fred Manning becomes mayor.
1933 - United States Post Office–Lynn Main built.
1937
March 28 - Highland Circuit electric streetcar line (first electric trolley in Massachusetts) is converted to motor bus operations
June - Congressman William P. Connery, Jr. dies.
September - Lawrence J. Connery elected to fill his late brother's Congressional seat.
November 24 - Manning Bowl stadium opens.
1938 - Capitol Diner in business.
1940
Albert Cole becomes mayor.
Fraser Field opens.
1943
River Works plant opens.
Mayor Albert Cole resigns to serve in U.S. Army. Arthur J. Frawley becomes acting mayor.
1944
Arthur J. Frawley elected mayor.
1946
Albert Cole becomes mayor.
Lynn Red Sox baseball team active.
1947
Lynn Vocational and Technical Institute established (approximate date).
WLYN goes on the air.
1949
City Hall built.
Lynn Tigers baseball team active.
1948 - Stuart A. Tarr becomes mayor.
1952
Arthur J. Frawley becomes mayor.
Boston and Maine's Central Square station rebuilt.
1953 - Lynn's Harry Agganis signs with the Boston Red Sox.
1955 - Harry Agganis dies at the age of 26.
1956 - Thomas P. Costin, Jr. becomes mayor.
1959 - The Chicago Bears defeat the Philadelphia Eagles 24–21 in the Cardinal Cushing Charity Game held at the Manning Bowl.
1960 - Lynn Sunday Post begins publication.
1961
July - Mayor Thomas P. Costin, Jr. resigns to become Postmaster of Lynn. M. Henry Wall becomes acting mayor.
November - M. Henry Wall elected mayor.
1963 - WBWL begins broadcasting.
1965 - North Shore Community College established
1966
Irving E. Kane becomes mayor.
The Rolling Stones kick off their North American Tour at the Manning Bowl.
1970 - J. Warren Cassidy becomes mayor.
1972
January - Pasquale Caggiano becomes mayor.
April - Pasquale Caggiano dies. Walter F. Meserve becomes acting mayor.
July - Antonio J. Marino becomes mayor.
Plans to construct Interstate 95 through Lynn and Lynn Woods Reservation are scrapped
1974 - David L. Phillips becomes mayor.
1975
Lynn's Thomas W. McGee becomes Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Great Stew Chase footrace begins.
1976 - Antonio J. Marino becomes mayor.
1980 - Lynn Sailors baseball team formed.
1981 - November - Fire levels approximately three square blocks of the downtown, destroying 17 buildings
1982 - Lynn Sailors relocate to Burlington, Vermont.
1986 - Albert V. DiVirgilio becomes mayor.
1990 - The Bay State Titans, a semi-pro football team, is established. The team's Defensive Tackle, Eric Swann, would be selected with the sixth overall pick in the 1991 NFL Draft.
1992
Patrick J. McManus becomes mayor.
Central Square - Lynn MBTA station rebuilt.
1999 - New Lynn Classical High School building opened.
21st century
2001 - City website online (approximate date).
2002 - Edward J. Clancy, Jr. becomes mayor.
2003 - North Shore Spirit baseball team begins play.
2004 - KIPP Lynn Academy opens.
2005 - Manning Bowl is demolished and replaced by Manning Field.
2007 - North Shore Spirit cease operations.
2008 - North Shore Navigators baseball team relocates to Lynn.
2010
Population: 90,329.
Judith Flanagan Kennedy becomes Lynn's first female mayor.
2011 - KIPP Academy Lynn Collegiate (High School) holds its first class.
2012 - KIPP Academy Lynn opens doors the Highlands.
2014 - Seasonal ferry service to/from Boston is established
2016 - Ferry service is suspended
2017 - Ferry service resumes
2018
200th birthday of Frederick Douglass is celebrated throughout the year
Thomas M. McGee becomes mayor
Ferry service is suspended
2021
August 18: The Frederick Douglass Park is dedicated, directly across the street from the site of the Central Square railroad depot where Douglass was forcibly removed from the train in 1841.
2022
January 3: Jared C. Nicholson is sworn in as the 58th Mayor
See also
Lynn history
List of mayors of Lynn, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynn, Massachusetts
Timelines of other municipalities in Essex County, Massachusetts: Gloucester, Haverhill, Lawrence, Newburyport, Salem
History of Massachusetts
References
Bibliography
Published in the 18th-19th century
Published in the 20th century
External links
Works related to Lynn, MA, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
Items related to Lynn, Mass., various dates (via US Library of Congress)
Maps of Lynn (via Boston Public Library, Map Center)
Images related to history of Lynn (via Lynn Public Library)
Lynn, Massachusetts
Lynn |
```html
---
layout: single
property_name: list-style
---
<section id="list-style" class="property property--shorthand">
<header class="property-header">
<nav class="property-links">
<a class="property-links-direct" href="{{site.url}}/property/list-style/" data-property-name="list-style" data-tooltip="Single page for this property">Permalink</a>
<a class="property-share" data-tooltip="Share on Twitter or Facebook" data-property-name="list-style">Share</a>
<a target="_blank" href="path_to_url" data-tooltip="See on Mozilla Developer Network" rel="external">MDN</a>
</nav>
<h2 class="property-name">
<a href="#list-style"><span>#</span>list-style</a>
</h2>
<div class="property-description">
<p>Shorthand property for <code class="shorthand"><a class="hash" href="{{site.url}}/property/list-style-type" data-property-name="list-style-type">list-style-type</a></code> <code class="shorthand"><a class="hash" href="{{site.url}}/property/list-style-image" data-property-name="list-style-image">list-style-image</a></code> and <code class="shorthand"><a class="hash" href="{{site.url}}/property/list-style-position" data-property-name="list-style-position">list-style-position</a></code>.</p>
</div>
</header>
</section>
``` |
Andrea Jirků (born 14 November 1989) is a Czech long track speed skater who participates in international competitions.
Personal records
Career highlights
European Allround Championships
2007 – Collalbo, 12th
2008 – Kolomna, 22nd
World Junior Allround Championships
2006 – Erfurt, 23rd
External links
Jirků at Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database
Jirků at SkateResults.com
1989 births
Czech female speed skaters
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Euconnus is a large genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Scydmaeninae, with over 200 species worldwide. There are 37 subgenera within this genus.
References
Staphylinidae
Staphylinidae genera |
Michael Joseph Grimm (born December 30, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter and winner of the fifth season of America's Got Talent.
Personal life
Grimm was born in Colorado on the Fort Carson base, moved to Slidell, Louisiana, but later raised in Waveland, Mississippi by his grandparents.
During the AGT finals, he revealed that his girlfriend of nearly three years, Lucie Zolcerova, was the inspiration for his performance of "When a Man Loves a Woman". "She's been there for me," Grimm told DeGeneres during a taping of The Ellen DeGeneres Show which was aired on September 17, 2010. "Once you find that good woman you hang on to her." While interviewing him, DeGeneres called Lucie down from the audience, and Grimm got on one knee to propose. Her answer was a swift "Yes".
Grimm, a Mississippi Southern Soul singer who won the $1 million AGT first prize in its 5th season, used some of his winnings to build his grandparents a new house.
As of 2016, he resides in Henderson, Nevada.
As of June 2023, Grimm was hospitalized due to a "mysterious illness" according to People Magazine 6/8/23 edition and confirmed by Billboard online on June 7, 2023. People Magazine quoted his wife: On Tuesday, the America’s Got Talent winner’s wife Lucie Zolcerva-Grimm appeared on his Instagram and revealed the singer-guitarist was “sedated” and on a ventilator in the ICU.
America's Got Talent
Grimm auditioned in Los Angeles for the fifth season of America's Got Talent aired on June 1, 2010. His audition received praise from all three judges, advancing him to Vegas Week. During Vegas week, his performance of "Try a Little Tenderness" was criticized by Piers Morgan for being way over 90 seconds and could have gotten him disqualified. He still advanced to the quarterfinals. His quarterfinal performance, "Tired of Being Alone," was once again praised, and he advanced to the semifinals. Earlier in the show, Sharon Osbourne commented that her husband Ozzy Osbourne was rooting for Grimm. Grimm performed "You Can Leave Your Hat On" during semifinals while recovering from a dehydration related illness. Despite the illness, he managed to deliver a performance that was once again praised by the judges, and he advanced to the finals. After performing "Let's Stay Together" in the Top 10 without his guitar, he advanced to the Top 4. In the finale on September 14, 2010, he performed "When a Man Loves a Woman" pointing to his girlfriend, Lucie, in the audience. The following day, it was revealed that Grimm won the show, beating child singer Jackie Evancho. Grimm went to America's Got Talent: The Champions in 2020 eliminated at Preliminary.
Performances and results
Post-AGT
Grimm's winnings included one million dollars (before taxes and reduction for lump sum payment) and the opportunity to headline the AGT Tour Show, including one show at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas on October 8, 2010. In September 2010, Grimm appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and proposed to his girlfriend of nearly three years, Lucie Zolcerova. The AGT Tour Show stopped in 25 cities, beginning October 1 and ending November 7, 2010, where Grimm performed with other top ten contestants of the fifth season of AGT.
On June 1, 2011, Grimm married his fiancée, Lucie Zolcerova, in a small private ceremony in Maui, Hawaii. The ceremony was held on the beach at the Makena Beach & Golf Resort in front of about 30 family members. Andres Delos Santos and Nate Martin from "Ten Feet" along with Kevin and Dawn Okimoto and Alex Pula entertained the party, backing the newlyweds as they serenaded each other with their favorite song, "Islands in The Stream." Bill Medley of The Righteous Brothers was in attendance.
Career
Grimm performed at Las Vegas, Nevada, casinos for eleven years prior to his AGT success.
2010
On September 29, 2010, Michael signed a record deal with Epic Records. The album was released on May 17, 2011.
Grimm performed at the 2010 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. On December 3, 2010, Grimm and Smokey Robinson raised over $1 million during the 37th Annual Candlelight Concert.
2011–present
On March 24, 2011, Grimm returned to The Ellen DeGeneres Show to promote his upcoming self-titled album and perform his newly released single (March 22, 2011) "Fallin'" written and recorded by Alicia Keys in 2002. The album debuted at #13 on US Pop Music Charts on May 26, 2011, selling 23,000 copies. According to the Billboard Top 200, his album was #13 the week of June 4, 2011.
Grimm performed on the Top Ten show of the sixth season of America's Got Talent on September 6, 2011. Also in the summer an autumn of 2011, Grimm opened for Stevie Nicks.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Music videos
References
External links
Video interview with Michael Grimm on Talktails (Vegas Video Network)
September 2012 feature about Grimm in Las Vegas Weekly
21st-century American singers
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers
1978 births
America's Got Talent winners
American blues singers
Epic Records artists
Living people
Singers from Mississippi
People from El Paso County, Colorado
People from Waveland, Mississippi |
Ryan Savoia (born May 6, 1973) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre. He played 3 games in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 1998–99 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1995 to 2008, was spent in the minor leagues and then in Europe.
Biography
Savoia was born in Thorold, Ontario. As a youth, he played in the 1987 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from St. Catharines. He later played three games in the National Hockey League for the Pittsburgh Penguins, during the 1998–99 NHL season. Savoia was also a member of the 1999–2000 Canada men's national ice hockey team. He led the team in scoring with 21 goals, 30 assists, and 51 points.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Augsburger Panther players
Brock Badgers men's ice hockey players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Cleveland Lumberjacks players
Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
EHC Biel players
Fort Wayne Komets players
HC Fribourg-Gottéron players
HC Milano players
HIFK (ice hockey) players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Johnstown Chiefs players
People from Thorold
Pittsburgh Penguins players
SC Bern players
SCL Tigers players
SG Cortina players
Sportspeople from the Regional Municipality of Niagara
Syracuse Crunch players
Undrafted National Hockey League players |
Hungry: A Mother and Daughter Fight Anorexia is a 2009 book cowritten by Sheila Himmel and Lisa Himmel. Written by a daughter and her mother, Hungry depicts Lisa Himmel's struggle with anorexia and bulimia. Published by Berkley Trade, Hungry took six years to be completed because of Lisa's relapses.
Overview
Lisa Himmel
Lisa Himmel was born to Ned and Sheila Himmel in 1984. When she was in grade school, Lisa was jealous of her classmate's candy. She hid sweets in her desk and by the time she was in fourth grade, she was a little heavier than others in her grade.
Lisa's struggle with anorexia began during her junior year of high school. She started having problems with her friendships and her grades plummeted. Lisa exercised compulsively through hours of working out at the gym and soccer. Lisa became bulimic after starting college. While attending UC Santa Cruz, her bulimia became worse. She ascribes her progress in combatting her disorder to four people; a psychologist, a nutritionist, a high school teacher, and a student health director.
Sheila Himmel
Sheila Himmel was a restaurant reviewer from the San Jose Mercury News from 1996 to 2005. She had worked at the Mercury News for a total of 26 years. Raised in Lafayette, California, she now lives in Berkeley, California. She received the James Beard Award in 2003.
References
2009 American novels
Anorexia nervosa
Novels about eating disorders
Novels set in California
Berkley Books books |
A stab vest or stab proof vest is a reinforced piece of body armor, worn under or over other items of clothing, which is designed to resist knife attacks to the chest, back and sides. Stab vests are different from bulletproof vests, most of which offer protection against firearms but afford little against stabbing with sharp-tipped objects such as knives; most stab vests afford less protection against bullets, particularly those of high caliber, but are designed to prevent serious injury by prohibiting knife penetration beyond a few millimeters. Stab vests are also needle and slash proof.
Use
Stab proof vests are standard issue to police officers in both the United Kingdom and New Zealand. They are also commonly worn by paramedics, security staff, traffic wardens, environmental wardens, customs officers, immigration officers, bailiffs, cash in transit officers, door supervisors/bouncers, or anyone who else may be under threat.
Bulletproof vests are more commonly used by police in countries with greater firearms ownership, such as the United States and Canada; but dual-purpose armor plates that protect against both stab and firearms attacks are fairly widely available for police and also security applications.
Standards
"Ice pick" tests
In the mid-1980s the state of California Department of Corrections issued a requirement for a body armor using a commercial ice pick as the test penetrator. The test method attempted to simulate the capacity of a human attacker to deliver impact energy with their upper body. As was later shown, this test overstated the capacity of human attackers. The test used a drop mass or sabot that carried the ice pick. Using gravitational force, the height of the drop mass above the vest was proportional to the impact energy. This test specified 109 joules (81 ft·lbf) of energy and a 7.3 kg (16 lb) drop mass with a drop height of 153 cm (60 in) and an ice pick with a 4 mm (0.16 in) diameter with a sharp tip with a terminal velocity in the test. The California standard did not include knife or cutting edge weapons in the test protocol. In this early phase only titanium and steel plate offerings were successful in addressing this requirement.
These textile materials do not have equal performance with cutting-edge threats and these certifications were only with ice picks and were not tested with knives.
United Kingdom
The Police Scientific Development Branch (PSDB) work studied the type of weapons that are commonly used in stabbing attacks and the levels of impact energy fit young men are capable of generating during such an attack. The study resulted in minimum performance ratings for armour used in the UK, as defined under PSDB publication 6/99. The PSDB standard was replaced in 2007 with the current Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB) publication No. 39/07/C which governs stab resistant body armor performance in the UK. This updated standard introduced a more stringent testing procedure with more drops than the previous standard plus the introduction of the P1/B Blade which is found to be more aggressive that the older P1/A Blade.
In the UK there are no standalone ratings for spike resistance. For stab resistant armor to carry a spike resistance (SP) rating in the UK, it must first pass minimum knife resistance (KR) performance tests.
United States
In the US, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) has established a stab-resistant body armor test standard (NIJ STD 0115.00), based on the work in the UK, which defines two threat types: spike and edged blade.
Manufacturers of body armor can voluntarily submit armor models for compliance testing through the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center in Rockville, Maryland. Through the program, manufacturers certify that their armor will defeat the specified threat at one of three threat levels. Threat levels 1, 2 and 3 are based on impact energies of , , and joules respectively.
See also
Bulletproof vest
Brigandine
References
External links
New Zealand Herald - Councils fight violence with stab vests
National Institute of Justice Standard 0115.00, Stab Resistance of Personal Body Armor
JTIC Stab-Resistant Armor
HOSDB Body Armour Standards for UK Police (2007)Part 3: Knife and Spike Resistance
This article incorporates work from https://peosoldier.army.mil/newpeo/Equipment/Temp.asp?id=SPE_CSPBA, which is in the public domain as it is a work of the United States Military.
Body armor
Law enforcement equipment
Law enforcement uniforms |
Boyd Gordon (born October 19, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Washington Capitals, Arizona Coyotes, Edmonton Oilers, and Philadelphia Flyers.
Playing career
Gordon was drafted in the 1st round, 17th overall by the Washington Capitals in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. Gordon was drafted from the Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League where he helped the Red Deer Rebels win the Memorial Cup in the 2000–01 season. Gordon played his first professional season in 2003–04. He played with Capitals affiliate, the Portland Pirates, of the AHL and also made his NHL debut with the Capitals appearing in 41 games.
In the 2005–06 season, Gordon won the Calder Cup with the Hershey Bears before earning a regular roster spot with the Capitals in the 2006–07 season.
He signed a two-year contract with the Phoenix Coyotes on July 1, 2011.
On July 5, 2013, he signed a three-year contract as a free agent with the Edmonton Oilers.
Approaching the final year of his contract with the Oilers, Gordon was traded in a return to the Coyotes organization in exchange for Lauri Korpikoski on June 30, 2015.
On July 1, 2016, Gordon signed a one-year contract worth $950,000 with the Philadelphia Flyers.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
1983 births
Arizona Coyotes players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Edmonton Oilers players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Lehigh Valley Phantoms players
Living people
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
People from Unity, Saskatchewan
Philadelphia Flyers players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Portland Pirates players
Red Deer Rebels players
Washington Capitals draft picks
Washington Capitals players |
10+2 refers to the 2 years of schooling which is required post grade 10, adopted by high schools in Nepal. 10+2 is gradually replacing the conventional modes of intermediate education, being the Intermediate of Science (I. Sc.), Intermediate of Commerce (I. Comm.), Intermediate of Arts/Humanities (I. A.) normally taken by Students after having received their School Leaving Certificate (SLC) provided by Tribhuvan University. Students in Nepal either opt for a 10+2 course in the science, management, and humanities stream under the Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB), or opt for other options like the British A-Levels curriculum under Cambridge University.
In India, in July 2020, the passage of the National Education Policy 2020 replaced the 10+2 system with the 5+3+3+4 system. The 10+2 system is a part of the K-12 education system, and equivalent to the International Baccalaureate and GCE Advanced Levels in the west. 10+2 refers to two years of schooling post grade 10 in India since autumn 2002.
In India each state has State secondary education boards. Following are some Boards offering 10+2:
Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh.
Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education.
Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Telangana Board of Intermediate Education.
References
Education in Nepal
Secondary education in India
Educational years |
Samuel Harrison Smith (13 March 1808 – 30 July 1844) was a younger brother of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Samuel was a leader in his own right and a successful missionary. Smith is commonly regarded as the first Latter Day Saint missionary following the organization of the Church of Christ by his brother, Joseph. One of the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon's golden plates, Samuel Smith remained devoted to his church throughout his life.
Early life
Born in Tunbridge, Vermont, to Joseph Smith Sr., and Lucy Mack Smith, Samuel moved with his family to western New York by the 1820s. When Smith's father missed a mortgage payment on the family farm on the outskirts of Manchester Township, near Palmyra, a local Quaker named Lemuel Durfee purchased the land and allowed the Smiths to continue to live there in exchange for Samuel's labor at Durfee's store.
Book of Mormon witness and church establishment
On May 25, 1829, Smith became the third person baptized as a Latter Day Saint. Smith was baptized by Oliver Cowdery, who had become the first baptized Latter Day Saint on May 15, 1829 (Joseph Smith had been baptized immediately after Cowdery).
At the end of June 1829, Samuel, along with his brother Hyrum, his father, and several men of the Peter Whitmer Sr. family, signed a joint statement declaring their testimony of the golden plates that Joseph Smith said he translated into the Book of Mormon. The witnesses stated that "we did handle [the golden plates] with our hands; and we also saw the engravings thereon". This "Testimony of the Eight Witnesses" was printed as the final page of the Book of Mormon and is still included in the preface of most current editions.
Smith became one of the first six members of the Church of Christ when it was formally organized on April 6, 1830.
Latter Day Saint missionary
At the next church conference, Smith was ordained one of the church's earliest elders. Smith was a successful missionary and served a number of missions. His first mission involved going to Mendon, New York, where he gave John P. Greene a copy of the Book of Mormon, which not only led to Greene joining the church, but also Greene's brother-in-law, Brigham Young.
In December 1830, Smith went on a mission to Kirtland, Ohio, to follow up on the success Cowdery and Parley P. Pratt had teaching there. Smith later went on a mission with Reynolds Cahoon in which they traveled to Missouri in 1831. During this mission they taught and baptized William E. McLellin. This mission also involved some of the first Latter Day Saint missionary work in Indiana, involving preaching at Unionville, Madison and Vienna.
In June 1832, Smith and Orson Hyde were the first Latter Day Saint missionaries to preach in Connecticut. During the same month, Smith and Hyde went to Boston. As a result of their efforts, branches were established in both Boston and New Rowley, Massachusetts. In July 1832, Smith and Hyde went to Providence, Rhode Island; they baptized two people, but in response to threats of violence left the state after being there only twelve days. In September 1832, Smith and Hyde were the first Latter Day Saint missionaries to preach in Maine. On this 1832 mission, Smith and Hyde also baptized people in Spafford, New York.
High council and other church service
When the first high council of the church—at the time the chief judicial and legislative body of the church—was organized on February 17, 1834, Smith was one of twelve men chosen as a member. Later that year, Smith married Mary Bailey, his first wife, with whom he had four children.
In 1835, Smith was made a general agent for the firm in charge of publishing a Latter Day Saint hymnal and school books for children, thus working closely with Emma Smith and W. W. Phelps.
Smith moved with his family to Far West, Missouri, in 1838 and took part in the subsequent Mormon War that took place in northwestern Missouri that year. At the Battle of Crooked River, Smith fought next to apostle David W. Patten, who subsequently died from wounds received in the skirmish. As a result of the conflict, the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri and Smith moved with the main body to their new headquarters in Nauvoo, Illinois. Due to his role in the Battle of Crooked River, Smith fled Missouri almost immediately, along with Lorenzo D. Young, Benjamin L. Clapp and Charles C. Rich.
In 1839 Smith settled in the general vicinity of Macomb, Illinois.
Smith's wife, Mary, died in Nauvoo in 1841 and he married Lavira Clark later that year. Smith and Lavira had three children together.
Death
Smith's brothers, Joseph and Hyrum, were killed by a mob on June 27, 1844, while being held in Carthage Jail, in Illinois. Samuel was attacked by mobbers, while traveling toward Carthage after hearing rumors of trouble, and is said to have developed some kind of stitch in his side evading them, which may have contributed to his subsequent death. After evading the mobbers, he traveled to the jail (said to have been the first Latter-day Saint after the mobbers left), and retrieved his brothers' bodies. Some church members assumed that Samuel would succeed Joseph as the president of the Latter Day Saint church (see lineal succession (Latter Day Saints)). However, Samuel fell ill shortly after their deaths and died just one month later.
Smith's official cause of death was "bilious fever", which is an archaic and inexact term for any disease accompanied by a fever and the evacuation of bile, such as typhoid fever or malaria. Lucy Mack Smith later suggested Smith had become ill because of the fatigue and shock occasioning by his experience of the death of his brothers. Smith's brother, William, later stated that he had good reason to believe that Smith was poisoned by Hosea Stout on orders from Brigham Young and Willard Richards. In a meeting on July 10, 1844, Smith had been in a meeting with Richards in which Smith reminded the group that he was Joseph's designee as president if both Joseph and Hyrum had died. Richards, however, had wanted to delay the decision on succession until Brigham Young and other prominent missionaries had returned to Nauvoo.
Hosea Stout was suspected in part because, as reported by Smith's wife, Stout had been administering a white powder to Smith daily as treatment for his illness. Smith's mother does not appear to have considered him to have been murdered, and though his sole remaining brother, William Smith, later charged Richards and Stout with foul play, he did not bring forward his own evidence in support of that accusation until 1892. William Smith's charges were not pursued by legal authorities.
See also
Latter Day Saint martyrs
Notes
References
LaRene Porter Gaunt and Robert A. Smith, "Samuel H. Smith: Faithful Brother of Joseph and Hyrum," Ensign, August 2008, pp. 44–51
Smith, Alison Moore. "Samuel Harrison Smith: His Legacy," Samuel Harrison Smith. Samuel Harrison Smith Foundation.
.
Further reading
.
.
.
.
1808 births
1844 deaths
American Latter Day Saint leaders
American Latter Day Saint missionaries
Book of Mormon witnesses
Burials at the Smith Family Cemetery
Converts to Mormonism from Presbyterianism
Doctrine and Covenants people
Latter Day Saint missionaries in the United States
Leaders in the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)
Nauvoo, Illinois city council members
People from Ontario County, New York
People from Tunbridge, Vermont
Religious leaders from New York (state)
Religious leaders from Vermont
Smith family (Latter Day Saints) |
```c++
//
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
// #define BOOST_SPIRIT_LEXERTL_DEBUG
#define BOOST_VARIANT_MINIMIZE_SIZE
#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
#include <boost/config/warning_disable.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/lex_lexertl.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix_operator.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
namespace lex = boost::spirit::lex;
enum tokenids
{
IDANY = lex::min_token_id + 10 // Lower 8 bits is 0x0a, same as '\n'
};
template <typename Lexer>
struct word_count_tokens : lex::lexer<Lexer>
{
word_count_tokens()
{
this->self.add_pattern
("TEST", "A")
;
word = "{TEST}";
this->self.add
(word)
('\n')
(".", IDANY)
;
}
lex::token_def<std::string> word;
};
template <typename Iterator>
struct word_count_grammar : qi::grammar<Iterator>
{
template <typename TokenDef>
word_count_grammar(TokenDef const& tok)
: word_count_grammar::base_type(start)
, c(0), w(0), l(0)
{
using boost::phoenix::ref;
using qi::lit;
using qi::token;
start = *( tok.word [++ref(w)]
| lit('\n') [++ref(l)]
| token(IDANY) [++ref(c)]
)
;
}
std::size_t c, w, l;
qi::rule<Iterator> start;
};
int main()
{
typedef lex::lexertl::token<
const char*, boost::mpl::vector<std::string>
> token_type;
typedef lex::lexertl::lexer<token_type> lexer_type;
typedef word_count_tokens<lexer_type>::iterator_type iterator_type;
word_count_tokens<lexer_type> word_count; // Our lexer
word_count_grammar<iterator_type> g (word_count); // Our parser
std::string str ("A\nBCDEFGHI");
char const* first = str.c_str();
char const* last = &first[str.size()];
BOOST_TEST(lex::tokenize_and_parse(first, last, word_count, g));
BOOST_TEST(g.l == 1 && g.w == 1 && g.c == 8);
return boost::report_errors();
}
``` |
The 2019 Daytona 500, the 61st running of the event, was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 17, 2019, Contested over 207 laps—extended from 200 laps due to an overtime finish, on the asphalt superspeedway. After three multiple cars crash in the last 20 laps (including the Big One on lap 191 which involved 21 cars), only 19 of the 40 cars were running at the end of the race and only 14 completed every lap. It was the first race of the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, and also marked the debut of the Ford Mustang, which Ford brought in as a replacement for the Fusion. This race was the final career start for Casey Mears. 2016 winner Denny Hamlin held off teammate Kyle Busch over the final laps to win his second Daytona 500 in four years.
This Daytona 500 was the first not to feature the Earnhardt name in the starting lineup since 1978.
Report
Daytona International Speedway is a race track in Daytona Beach, Florida, that is one of two superspeedways, the other being Talladega Superspeedway.
Background
Daytona International Speedway is one of two superspeedways to hold NASCAR races, the other being Talladega Superspeedway. The standard track at Daytona International Speedway is a four-turn superspeedway that is long. The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees.
Entry list
Practice
First practice (February 9)
Martin Truex Jr. was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 45.937 seconds and a speed of .
Second practice (February 9)
Darrell Wallace Jr. was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 46.149 seconds and a speed of .
Qualifying
William Byron scored the pole for the race with a time of 46.319 and a speed of .
Qualifying results
Gander RV Duel
The Gander RV Duels are a pair of NASCAR Monster Energy Cup Series races held in conjunction with the Daytona 500 annually in February at Daytona International Speedway. They consist of two races 60 laps and 150 miles (240 km) in length, which serve as heat races that set the lineup for the Daytona 500. The first race sets the lineup for cars that qualified in odd-numbered positions on pole qualifying day, while the second race sets the lineup for cars that qualified in even-numbered positions. The Duels set the lineup for positions 3–38, while positions 39 and 40 are filled by the two "Open" (teams without a charter) cars that set the fastest times in qualifying, but did not lock in a spot in the Duels.
For championship purposes, each Duel is a full Championship Stage, except there is no playoff point awarded. The top ten drivers receive championship points.
Duel 1
Duel 1 results
Duel 2
Duel 2 results
Starting lineup
Practice (post–Duels)
Third practice (February 15)
Kyle Busch was the fastest in the third practice session with a time of 44.936 seconds and a speed of .
Fourth practice (February 15)
Paul Menard was the fastest in the fourth practice session with a time of 44.830 seconds and a speed of .
Final practice (February 16)
Michael McDowell was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 47.012 seconds and a speed of .
Race
New England Patriots wide receiver Julian Edelman and Houston Texans linebacker J. J. Watt each had duties before the race. Watt, the race’s grand marshal, became the first NFL player to give “drivers, start your engines” in race history. Edelman was the race’s honorary starter – something several current and former NFL players have done in year’s past – as Edelman waved the green flag to signal the start of the 500. “I think these guys are absolutely insane,” Edelman, the MVP at Super Bowl LIII earlier that month, said before the race. “First and foremost, they’re going 200 miles an hour around for three hours straight and (are) able to focus in extreme conditions.”
Matt DiBenedetto was the biggest surprise during the race. DiBenedetto started 9th in the race and led the most laps with 49 laps led. Unfortunately for DiBenedetto, his race would come to an end. With Kyle Busch now leading during a race restart with 10 laps to go, DiBenedetto was getting a push by Paul Menard into turn 3 when Menard bumped DiBenedetto a little bit too hard and turned DiBenedetto around triggering a 21 car crash in turn 3. DiBenedetto and Menard collected Erik Jones, Ryan Blaney, Matt Tifft, Daniel Suarez, Austin Dillon, Ryan Newman, Aric Almirola, David Ragan, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., Ryan Preece, Chris Buescher, Daniel Hemric, Martin Truex Jr., Chase Elliott, Jimmie Johnson, William Byron, Ty Dillon, Joey Logano, and Kyle Larson. NASCAR threw the red flag to clean up the mess. The race restarted with 6 laps to go but another caution would be thrown for a 7 car wreck. It started when Ricky Stenhouse Jr. got turned by Kevin Harvick and into Kyle Larson with Harvick spinning collecting Chase Elliott, Alex Bowman, Ty Dillon, and Brad Keselowski. During the wreck, Ryan Preece went to the bottom and went through in between 2 spinning cars in Stenhouse and Elliott and Preece made it through the wreck. The race restarted with 2 laps to go and it was a battle for the lead between Denny Hamlin and Kyle Busch. But on the backstretch, the final caution flew for an 8 car crash. Clint Bowyer got a run to the inside of Michael McDowell and made it 3 wide and tried to go up in front of McDowell but instead he went across McDowell's nose and collected William Byron, Chase Elliott, Landon Cassill, Jamie McMurray, Brad Keselowski, and Brendan Gaughan. The wreck would set up an overtime finish. On the restart, Hamlin got in front of Busch and Hamlin held off the pack to win his 2nd Daytona 500 trophy. Kyle Busch, Erik Jones, Joey Logano, and Michael McDowell rounded out the top 5 while Ty Dillon, Kyle Larson, Ryan Preece, Jimmie Johnson, and Ross Chastain rounded out the top 10.
Race results
Stage Results
Stage One
Laps: 60
Stage Two
Laps: 60
Final Stage Results
Laps: 80
Race statistics
Lead changes: 15 among 9 different drivers
Cautions/Laps: 12 for 47
Red flags: 2 for 39 minutes and 38 seconds
Time of race: 3 hours, 45 minutes and 55 seconds
Average speed:
Media
Television
Since 2001—with the exception of 2002, 2004 and 2006—the Daytona 500 has been carried by Fox in the United States. The booth crew consisted of longtime NASCAR lap-by-lap announcer Mike Joy, three–time Daytona 500 champion Jeff Gordon, and for the final time 1989 race winner Darrell Waltrip. Pit road was manned by Jamie Little, Regan Smith, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum.
Spanish-language network Fox Sports LA aired the race live, with lap-by-lap announcer Jessi Losada and color analyst Rodolfo Landeros.
Radio
The race was broadcast on radio by the Motor Racing Network—who has covered the Daytona 500 since 1970—and simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. The booth crew was consisted of Alex Hayden, Jeff Striegle and 1989 Cup Series champion Rusty Wallace. Longtime turn announcer Dave Moody was the lead turn announcer. He called the Daytona 500 from atop the Sunoco tower outside the exit of turn 2 when the field raced through turns 1 and 2. Mike Bagley worked the backstretch for the Daytona 500 from a spotter's stand on the inside of the track & Kyle Rickey called the Daytona 500 when the field raced through turns 3 and 4 from the Sunoco tower outside the exit of turn 4. On pit road, MRN was manned by lead pit reporter and NASCAR Hall of Fame Executive Director Winston Kelley. He will be joined on pit road by Steve Post, Kim Coon, and Dillon Welch.
Standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
Manufacturers' Championship standings
Note: Only the first 16 positions are included for the driver standings.
References
2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
2019 in sports in Florida
February 2019 sports events in the United States
NASCAR races at Daytona International Speedway |
```c++
/*
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 or (at your option)
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
#include "SettingsPageKeeShare.h"
#include "gui/DatabaseTabWidget.h"
#include "gui/Icons.h"
#include "keeshare/SettingsWidgetKeeShare.h"
#include <QObject>
SettingsPageKeeShare::SettingsPageKeeShare(DatabaseTabWidget* tabWidget)
: m_tabWidget(tabWidget)
{
}
QString SettingsPageKeeShare::name()
{
return "KeeShare";
}
QIcon SettingsPageKeeShare::icon()
{
return icons()->icon("preferences-system-network-sharing");
}
QWidget* SettingsPageKeeShare::createWidget()
{
auto* widget = new SettingsWidgetKeeShare();
QObject::connect(widget,
SIGNAL(settingsMessage(QString, MessageWidget::MessageType)),
m_tabWidget,
SIGNAL(messageGlobal(QString, MessageWidget::MessageType)));
return widget;
}
void SettingsPageKeeShare::loadSettings(QWidget* widget)
{
Q_UNUSED(widget);
SettingsWidgetKeeShare* settingsWidget = reinterpret_cast<SettingsWidgetKeeShare*>(widget);
settingsWidget->loadSettings();
}
void SettingsPageKeeShare::saveSettings(QWidget* widget)
{
Q_UNUSED(widget);
SettingsWidgetKeeShare* settingsWidget = reinterpret_cast<SettingsWidgetKeeShare*>(widget);
return settingsWidget->saveSettings();
}
``` |
John Hećimović (born March 31, 1984) is a Canadian-born Croatian former professional ice hockey player. He most notably played in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga with KHL Medveščak and Dornbirner EC. Hećimović's ancestors hail from Perušić in Lika.
Playing career
Hećimović was selected in the 9th round (264th overall) of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers. John was drafted from Major Junior Sarnia Sting of the Ontario Hockey League. In his fifth season with the Sting (2004–05) he was traded to the Mississauga IceDogs to finish his junior career.
In his career Hećimović has played in the 2nd Austrian, German, and Swiss league. In the 2008–09 season he was the leading scorer of the Dutch Championship, helping HYS The Hague win the title. On June 3, 2009, Hećimović signed as a free agent with Croatian team, KHL Medveščak, joining the prestigious EBEL league. In the 2009–10 season, his first with the Bears, John scored 20 goals in 49 regular season games. At the 2010 Šalata Winter Classic, Hećimović became the first and top scorer with two goals, within EBEL history to score at Šalata in the defeat against Villach 2-3. On April 20, 2010, he was re-signed to a two-year contract as Medveščak finished seventh in the league.
Hećimović moved onto a tryout at HDD Olimpija Ljubljana. In October 2011 he signed a one-month deal with Anyang Halla.
On December 8, 2011, Hećimović was signed by the Nippon Paper Cranes of the Asia League for the remainder of the 2011–12 season. After finishing the season with the Nippon Paper Cranes, Hećimović returned to the EBEL for one final season with Dornbirner EC.
In 2013, Hećimović played for the Croatian national team at the IIHF World Championship Division II.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
John Hecimovic's profile at KHL Medveščak
John Hecimovic's profile at Croatian hockeyportal
1984 births
Living people
HL Anyang players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian people of Croatian descent
Dornbirn Bulldogs players
Florida Panthers draft picks
KHL Medveščak Zagreb players
Nippon Paper Cranes players
Mississauga IceDogs players
Pensacola Ice Pilots players
Ice hockey people from Cambridge, Ontario
Sarnia Sting players
South Carolina Stingrays players
Straubing Tigers players |
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