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In human anatomy, the accessory obturator nerve is an accessory nerve in the lumbar region present in about 29% of cases.
It is of small size, and arises from the ventral divisions of the third and fourth lumbar nerves. Recent evidence support that this nerve arises from Dorsal divisions.
It descends along the medial border of the psoas major, crosses the superior ramus of the pubis, and passes under the pectineus, where it divides into numerous branches.
One of these supplies the pectineus, penetrating its deep surface, another is distributed to the hip-joint; while a third communicates with the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.
Occasionally the accessory obturator nerve is very small and is lost in the capsule of the hip-joint.
When it is absent, the hip-joint receives two branches from the obturator nerve.
References
External links
Diagram at nysora.com
Nerves of the lower limb and lower torso |
Shay Avital Rapoport (; born in 1952) is a Major General (Ret.) in the IDF and former head of the Special Operations Forces Command (Depth Corps).
During his military career Avital was, among others, Commander of Sayeret Matkal, the 36th Armored Division and the Northern Corpus.
Military service
Avital enlisted to the IDF in 1970 and volunteered to serve in Sayeret Matkal (The General Staff Reconnaissance Unit). After completing a paratroopers' basic training, he began the advanced infantry training route with the Unit. The trainee's Company Commander at the time was Yoni Netanyahu, by whom Avital has said to have been greatly influenced. With the completion of the course Avital began an officer's training course at the completion of which he returned to the Unit as Squad Commander. Avital who was also inspired by Meir Har Zion, used to read to his soldiers passages from Har-Zion's journal, and invited Har Zion to speak before Avital's soldiers.
During the Yom Kippur War, Avital, along with his regiment, fought in the Golan Heights and the Egyptian front. Sayeret Matkal was called to the Heights on the second day of the war, taking part in the fighting as the elite reconnaissance unit of the 36th Division under Refael Eitan. On October 9, the unit, under the command of Yoni Netanyahu, was called to camp Nafah following an announcement of a penetration of helicopters landing Syrian commando fighters near the base.
Avital has testified that it had been a tough battle; one which included close range gunfire and grenade launches, and was ultimately determined due to the confidence and personal example demonstrated by Netanyahu in battle. During the clash between the Matkal Unit and the Syrian commando, about forty Syrian fighters were killed and two Matkal fighters lost their lives. Avital also participated in the rescue operation in which the Matkal force, commanded by Netanyahu, rescued during the fighting, the wounded Lieutenant Colonel (later Major General) Yossi Ben Hanan from Tel - Shams. After which Avital and his men headed over to the southern front and participated in the fighting on the outskirts of Ismaïlia and the takeover of the Jebel Ataka.
In 1974 Avital participated in breaking into a residential unit in Beit Shean where three terrorists had barricaded themselves. All six Sayeret Matkal soldiers who participated in the break in, including Avital were awarded by the then Defense Minister, Shimon Peres, a book of poems by Natan Alterman in recognition of their courage. In 1975 Avital participated in pursuit of a squad of four terrorists who had infiltrated from Lebanon to the Metula region. Avital confronted the terrorists by himself and killed them in a brief battle. That same year Avital also completed a patrol course of The United States Army Rangers School. In 1976 he was positioned in Kenya, training the guard forces of Prime Minister, Jomo Kenyatta, and helped organize Operation Entebbe's rescue forces' landing in Nairobi. Upon his return Avital was appointed the Commander of Sayeret Matkal's Designated Company. However, several months later he was severely injured in a car accident which caused disability in his right hand. Avital went through a long rehabilitation period during which he dedicated his time to academic studies.
In 1979 Avital returned to the Unit, filling a senior position. He participated in the takeover of the Infant day care during the Misgav Am hostage crisis in 1980. In March 1982 he was appointed Chief Commander of Sayeret Matkal. During his time as Chief Commander the Lebanon War broke out and Avital pushed to activate the unit as a regular infantry unit. During the war, Avital said, in a conference attended by the Defense Minister Ariel Sharon and the Chief of Staff Rafael Eitan, that he opposed the very idea of armored forces entry to Beirut, it being the capital of a neighboring country. Yet Avital said should it be decided to enter the city, he will lead his troops in the operation. A few days before Omer Bar Lev replaced him in the position, Avital participated in the rescue of the kidnapped hostages in line 300.
After a year of study at the Marine Corps Command and Staff College in Quantico, Virginia, Avital joined the Armored Corps in 1986 and was appointed the Commander of the 74th Battalion of the 188th Brigade. Later he would command a reserves Brigade, and the Ephraim Territorial Brigade. Avital left to study in Boston in 1990 and upon his return he was appointed Commander of the 211th Armored Brigade, served as Deputy Commander of 36th Armored Division and was promoted to Brigadier General and Commander of the 98th Paratroopers Division.
In 1994 Avital was appointed Commander of the 36th Armored Division, and later served as Chief of Staff of the Northern Command, and as the Northern Corpus Commander in the rank of major general. In 2000 he was, by virtue of his experience in Special Forces, head of the Inquiry Commission regarding the Duvdevan Unit's friendly fire operational failure – (when soldiers are hit by gunfire from the force to which they belong). The incident occurred while trying to arrest the engineer Mahmoud Abu Hunud, who was then named number 1 most wanted in the West Bank and belonged to Hamas' military wing Izz ad-Din al-Qassam.
During the operation, which took place in the village Asira ash-Shamaliya, three of the unit's snipers mistakenly took their own team members who were lying on the roof in the area of operation to be terrorists and shot them dead. Following the operational failure it was decided to temporarily suspend the unit from operations and its Commander at the time - Mickey Edelstein resigned.
At the beginning of the al-Aqsa Intifada, acting as the advisor on terrorism to the Chief of General Staff, Avital submitted a report on streamlining the civil and military operations against the Palestinians, in which he recommended to split the control of the West Bank fighting to another Division (A few months later the Judea Division was founded and took over for some of the routine security missions in the sector), and the increased cooperation between the IDF and the Shin Bet.
Avital served as a staff commanding officer in the Northern Command overseeing the operations of the Egoz Unit, Unit 504 and the Lebanon Liaison Unit among others. He is disabled and therefore requires a specially modified attachment to his rifle's rotating bolt in order to load it. He survived at least one life-threatening car accident in the late 1990s while in IDF service. He is considered one of the brightest and talented officers in the IDF and in its history. In 2002, Avital retired from the IDF.
Public life
Towards the seventeenth Knesset elections, Avital was placed 39th in the Kadima list, and was not elected to the Knesset. On July 19, 2006, he was appointed Director General of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and served in this capacity until that government's end of the term, in April 2009.
Back to service
In December 2011, the Chief of General Staff Benny Gantz ordered the formation of the Depth Corps for joint operations in the strategic depth, and appointed Major General Avital as head of the corps.
In September 2014, Avital retired from the IDF.
Personal life
Avital was born and raised in Moshav Arbel, and studied at the 'Kadoorie' agricultural school. Avital, a husband and father of four, lives to this day in Arbel. He holds a BA (cum laude) in Soil and Water sciences and in Agricultural Economics and Management from the Faculty of Agriculture of the Hebrew University, and has a degree (MPA) in Public Administration from the Kennedy School of Government in Harvard University where he studied as Member of the Wexner Israel Fellowship Program (Wexner Foundation).
Notes
The testimony of Shay Avital in the movie 'Yoni Netanyahu - the real story': "He was my first senior commander, to me, a company commander that was not only the commander, he also was an educator. He worked us hard. When you had to be tough he was tough. He demanded a lot from us. He was not an easy commander, but at the same time, for example before going on a difficult journey of sometimes 80 kilometers, carrying a weight of 15-20 kilos on our backs, Yoni would go from soldier to soldier and ask each one how he was, and most of the time the men quietly returned back in line. I mean he persuaded them not with orders but by putting a good word. It is the eve of Chanukah, we are tired, and Yoni sits with the company the whole evening telling us about Judas Maccabeus. He talked about the history of the Jews two thousand years ago. He connected the story of their actions with ours today. He finished his lecture and we continued to run on the trails into the night, until two - three in the morning, and of course the next day we slept three hours and continued our training at six in the morning. "
Moshe Zonder, Sayeret Matkel, Keter Publishing House, 2000. The Shay Avital Period, pages 197–198.
Testimony of the retired Major General Shay Avital on the battle against the Syrian commando, from the official site in memory of Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu.
The DSO awarded to Jonathan Netanyahu, on the "Courage" website of the IDF Personnel Branch
Moshe Zonder, Sayeret Matkel, Keter Publishing House, 2000. The Amiram Levine Period, page 201.
Noam Tivon: "Only when I got to SO I found that in Shlom HaGalil we were at the centre of doings. As a soldier it did not really interest me. We fought against the Syrian commandos in Mioeret', we were in Ein a'-Tina, the breaking into Beirut, the funniest thing is that Avital, Commander of the Unit, put us young ones in the flanks so as not to endanger us and eventually we were the ones who were tackled. "Avihai Becker, Pleasant way, Haaretz newspaper, 5 May 2000.
Moshe Zonder, The man who didn't say "After me", Nrg Maariv, 2 June 2000
Omri Asnheim, Red Background, Nrg Maariv, April 15, 2005
Shai Lahav, Surgical Unit, Nrg Maariv, May 1, 2003
Avihai Becker, Who is general Yitzhak Eitan?, Haaretz newspaper, 17 November 2000
Amir Oren, Today in Tel Aviv - strategic talks with the U.S., Walla! web site, November 15, 2001
Anshel Pfeffer, Israel announces new 'depth' command for long-range military operations, Haaretz newspaper, 15 December 2011.
References
1952 births
Living people
Israeli generals
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Israeli people of the Yom Kippur War
Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment alumni
Israeli expatriates in the United States |
```xml
/*
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// TypeScript Version: 4.1
/// <reference types="@stdlib/types"/>
import { Complex64 } from '@stdlib/types/complex';
import { Complex64Array } from '@stdlib/types/array';
/**
* Callback invoked for each indexed strided array element.
*
* @param value - strided array element
* @returns result
*/
type Unary = ( value: Complex64 ) => Complex64;
/**
* Interface describing `cmap`.
*/
interface Routine {
/**
* Applies a unary function to a single-precision complex floating-point strided input array and assigns results to a single-precision complex floating-point strided output array.
*
* @param N - number of indexed elements
* @param x - input array
* @param strideX - `x` stride length
* @param y - destination array
* @param strideY - `y` stride length
* @param fcn - unary function to apply
* @returns `y`
*
* @example
* var Complex64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/complex64' );
* var real = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/real' );
* var imag = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/imag' );
* var Complex64 = require( '@stdlib/complex/float32/ctor' );
*
* function scale( x ) {
* var re = real( x );
* var im = imag( x );
* return new Complex64( re*10.0, im*10.0 );
* }
*
* var x = new Complex64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0 ] );
* var y = new Complex64Array( x.length );
*
* cmap( x.length, x, 1, y, 1, scale );
*
* var v = y.get( 0 );
* // returns <Complex64>
*
* var re = real( v );
* // returns 10.0
*
* var im = imag( v );
* // returns 10.0
*/
( N: number, x: Complex64Array, strideX: number, y: Complex64Array, strideY: number, fcn: Unary ): Complex64Array;
/**
* Applies a unary function to a single-precision complex floating-point strided input array and assigns results to a single-precision complex floating-point strided output array using alternative indexing semantics.
*
* @param N - number of indexed elements
* @param x - input array
* @param strideX - `x` stride length
* @param offsetX - starting index for `x`
* @param y - destination array
* @param strideY - `y` stride length
* @param offsetY - starting index for `y`
* @param fcn - unary function to apply
* @returns `y`
*
* @example
* var Complex64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/complex64' );
* var real = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/real' );
* var imag = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/imag' );
* var Complex64 = require( '@stdlib/complex/float32/ctor' );
*
* function scale( x ) {
* var re = real( x );
* var im = imag( x );
* return new Complex64( re*10.0, im*10.0 );
* }
*
* var x = new Complex64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0 ] );
* var y = new Complex64Array( x.length );
*
* cmap.ndarray( x.length, x, 1, 0, y, 1, 0, scale );
*
* var v = y.get( 0 );
* // returns <Complex64>
*
* var re = real( v );
* // returns 10.0
*
* var im = imag( v );
* // returns 10.0
*/
ndarray( N: number, x: Complex64Array, strideX: number, offsetX: number, y: Complex64Array, strideY: number, offsetY: number, fcn: Unary ): Complex64Array;
}
/**
* Applies a unary function to a single-precision complex floating-point strided input array and assigns results to a single-precision complex floating-point strided output array.
*
* @param N - number of indexed elements
* @param x - input array
* @param strideX - `x` stride length
* @param y - destination array
* @param strideY - `y` stride length
* @param fcn - unary function to apply
* @returns `y`
*
* @example
* var Complex64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/complex64' );
* var real = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/real' );
* var imag = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/imag' );
* var Complex64 = require( '@stdlib/complex/float32/ctor' );
*
* function scale( x ) {
* var re = real( x );
* var im = imag( x );
* return new Complex64( re*10.0, im*10.0 );
* }
*
* var x = new Complex64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0 ] );
* var y = new Complex64Array( x.length );
*
* cmap( x.length, x, 1, y, 1, scale );
*
* var v = y.get( 0 );
* // returns <Complex64>
*
* var re = real( v );
* // returns 10.0
*
* var im = imag( v );
* // returns 10.0
*
* @example
* var Complex64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/complex64' );
* var real = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/real' );
* var imag = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/imag' );
* var Complex64 = require( '@stdlib/complex/float32/ctor' );
*
* function scale( x ) {
* var re = real( x );
* var im = imag( x );
* return new Complex64( re*10.0, im*10.0 );
* }
*
* var x = new Complex64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0 ] );
* var y = new Complex64Array( x.length );
*
* cmap.ndarray( x.length, x, 1, 0, y, 1, 0, scale );
*
* var v = y.get( 0 );
* // returns <Complex64>
*
* var re = real( v );
* // returns 10.0
*
* var im = imag( v );
* // returns 10.0
*/
declare var cmap: Routine;
// EXPORTS //
export = cmap;
``` |
Kārlis Šteins (October 13, 1911 in Kazan, Russian Empire – April 4, 1983) was a Latvian and Soviet astronomer and populariser of this science.
In 1925 he finished the Riga 2nd Secondary school. In 1929 he started the studies in University of Latvia, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Latvia. In 1933 he was practicing in Krakow, Poland, at Krakow Astronomical Observatory under supervision of Tadeusz Banachiewicz, and continued there until 1936. In 1933 he calculated the orbit of asteroid 1933 OP, discovered by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth, and named it 1284 Latvia; this is the first minor planet to bear a Latvia-related name. After 1951 he worked at the University of Latvia as professor at the department of Theoretical Physics. He became an associate professor (docent) in 1956, and professor in 1966. He became a member of the IAU in 1958, and of the Astronomy council of the USSR Academy of Science in 1967.
Karlis Steins enriched astronomy with his research in cosmogony, celestial mechanics, and problems of precise time. He had over 120 publications. He obtained his Ph.D. at Pulkovo Observatory in 1963 by defending his thesis on the evolution of comet orbits.
Asteroid 2867 Šteins discovered in 1969 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, and imaged by the Rosetta spacecraft in 2008, is named in honor of Šteins.
References
1911 births
1983 deaths
Scientists from Kazan
Latvian scientists
Latvian astronomers
Soviet astronomers
University of Latvia alumni
Academic staff of the University of Latvia |
PlayStation Magazine, also known by the acronym PSM, is an Italian video game magazine specializing in all Sony video game consoles and handheld gaming platforms. The magazine features previews, reviews, and cheat codes for Sony games.
History
Launched in 1997 as the official Italian magazine of Sony Computer Entertainment, the magazine was owned by a division of Future Publishing, Future Media Italy, until March 2007 when Sprea Media Italy acquired it. The first issue of the magazine was published in September 1997.
References
External links
PlayStation Magazine on Sprea Media Italy corporate site
1997 establishments in Italy
Italian-language magazines
Magazines established in 1997
Magazines published in Milan
Monthly magazines published in Italy
PlayStation (brand) magazines
Video game magazines published in Italy |
```python
"""
3D Example with offscreen rendering.
If Python and Arcade are installed, this example can be run from the command line with:
python -m arcade.examples.gl.3d_cube_with_cubes
"""
from pyglet.math import Mat4, Vec3
import arcade
from arcade.gl import geometry
class MyGame(arcade.Window):
def __init__(self, width, height, title):
super().__init__(width, height, title, resizable=False)
# Use the standard cube
self.cube = geometry.cube()
# Simple color lighting program for cube
self.program = self.ctx.program(
vertex_shader="""
#version 330
uniform mat4 projection;
uniform mat4 modelview;
in vec3 in_position;
in vec3 in_normal;
in vec2 in_uv;
out vec3 normal;
out vec3 pos;
out vec2 uv;
void main() {
vec4 p = modelview * vec4(in_position, 1.0);
gl_Position = projection * p;
mat3 m_normal = transpose(inverse(mat3(modelview)));
normal = m_normal * in_normal;
pos = p.xyz;
uv = in_uv;
}
""",
fragment_shader="""
#version 330
uniform sampler2D texture0;
uniform bool use_texture;
out vec4 fragColor;
in vec3 normal;
in vec3 pos;
in vec2 uv;
void main()
{
float l = dot(normalize(-pos), normalize(normal));
if (use_texture) {
fragColor = vec4(texture(texture0, uv).rgb * (0.25 + abs(l) * 0.75), 1.0);
} else {
fragColor = vec4(1.0) * (0.25 + abs(l) * 0.75);
}
}
""",
)
# Program for drawing fullscreen quad with texture
self.quad_program = self.ctx.program(
vertex_shader="""
#version 330
in vec2 in_vert;
in vec2 in_uv;
out vec2 uv;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(in_vert, 0.0, 1.0);
uv = in_uv;
}
""",
fragment_shader="""
#version 330
uniform sampler2D texture0;
in vec2 uv;
out vec4 fragColor;
void main() {
fragColor = texture(texture0, uv);
}
""",
)
self.quad_fs = geometry.quad_2d_fs()
self.on_resize(*self.get_size())
self.frame = 0
self.fbo1 = self.ctx.framebuffer(
color_attachments=[self.ctx.texture((self.get_size()))],
depth_attachment=self.ctx.depth_texture(self.get_size()),
)
self.fbo2 = self.ctx.framebuffer(
color_attachments=[self.ctx.texture((self.get_size()))],
depth_attachment=self.ctx.depth_texture(self.get_size()),
)
def on_draw(self):
self.ctx.enable_only(self.ctx.CULL_FACE, self.ctx.DEPTH_TEST)
# Draw the current cube using the last one as a texture
self.fbo1.use()
self.fbo1.clear(color_normalized=(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
translate = Mat4.from_translation(Vec3(0, 0, -1.75))
rx = Mat4.from_rotation(self.time, Vec3(1, 0, 0))
ry = Mat4.from_rotation(self.time, Vec3(0, 1, 0))
modelview = translate @ rx @ ry
self.program["use_texture"] = 1
self.fbo2.color_attachments[0].use()
self.program["modelview"] = modelview
self.cube.render(self.program)
self.ctx.disable(self.ctx.DEPTH_TEST)
# Draw the current cube texture
self.use()
self.clear()
self.fbo1.color_attachments[0].use()
self.quad_fs.render(self.quad_program)
# Swap offscreen buffers
self.fbo1, self.fbo2 = self.fbo2, self.fbo1
self.frame += 1
def on_resize(self, width, height):
"""Set up viewport and projection"""
self.ctx.viewport = 0, 0, width, height
self.program["projection"] = (
Mat4.perspective_projection(self.aspect_ratio, 0.1, 100, fov=60)
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
MyGame(720, 720, "3D Cube").run()
``` |
LPAR2RRD is an open-source software tool that is used for monitoring and reporting performance of servers, clouds and databases. It is developed by the Czech company XoruX.
Overview
LPAR2RRD is open-source software that is published under the GNU General Public License v3.0. As of April 2022, the latest version is 7.40. The software was first launched in 2006.
The software tool is designed to monitor and report on server virtualization utilizations. It produces utilization graphs, reports, or alerts of physical or virtual servers on CPU, memory, IOPS, and many other depending on specific virtualization platform. It also supports database engines as Oracle Database, PostgreSQL or containerization platforms like OpenShift or Docker. Cloud technologies are supported as well.
The software is compatible with various systems by IBM Power Systems, IBM i, VMware, Nutanix, Oracle VM, Oracle Solaris, oVirt / Red Hat Virtualization, XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V, Linux, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL Database, Microsoft SQL Server, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Apache CloudStack, Kubernetes, Red Hat OpenShift, Docker, Huawei FusionCompute, and Proxmox.
References
External links
Demo
GitHub
Sourceforge
Software using the GPL license
Storage software
Virtualization
Virtualization software for Linux |
Mert Somay (born 8 January 1986 in Bakırköy) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Esemler Erokspor.
He formerly played for Gaziosmanpaşaspor, Bakırköyspor, Kartalspor, and Diyarbakırspor. Somay appeared in nine TFF First League matches for Kartalspor during the 2007-08 season.
References
1986 births
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Kartal S.K. footballers
Göztepe S.K. footballers
People from Bakırköy
Footballers from Istanbul
Men's association football midfielders |
The National Socialist Party (formally Nationalist-Socialist Party of Romania; Romanian: Partidul Național-Socialist din România, PNSR) or Steel Shield (Pavăza de Oțel) was a mimetic Nazi political party, active in Romania during the early 1930s. It was led by Colonel Ștefan Tătărescu, the brother of Gheorghe Tătărescu (twice Prime Minister of Romania during that interval), and existed around the newspaper Crez Nou. One of several far-right factions competing unsuccessfully against the Iron Guard for support, the group made little headway, and existed at times as a satellite of the National-Christian Defense League.
The PNSR proposed a program of corporatism and statism, promising a basic income, full employment, and limits on capitalist profits. It was anticommunist generally, and in particular anti-Soviet, circulating the theory of Jewish Bolshevism while describing its own program as the alternative, "positive", socialism. The party also claimed for itself the banner of Christianity, which it associated with calls for social reorganization and the expulsion or segregation of Romanian Jews. Its Germanophilia and antisemitism were supplemented by shows of support for the policies of King Carol II.
The PNSR's ideological stance, exotic in its Romanian context, found favor in Nazi Germany, notably from Alfred Rosenberg. Overall, the PNSR failed in its bid to establish a pan-fascist alliance in Romania, and, despite being nativist, functioned as a magnet for Transylvanian Saxons, Bessarabia Germans, and Russian émigrés. Tătărescu was received officially by his German patrons, who also provided the PNSR with funds, but eventually dropped by them for his unpopularity and alleged corruption. In late 1933, under the antifascist Prime Minister Ion G. Duca, the party was repressed.
Tătărescu exercised some influence over his brother's government in 1934, helping to steer the country away from its traditional alliances, but failed in his attempt to obtain arms deals for Germany. Disavowed by both its Nazi backers and Gheorghe Tătărescu, the party moderated its stances, then disappeared from the political scene in July 1934. In 1935, it was succeeded by the Numerus Valachicus National Movement, which existed briefly as part of an electoral cartel with the Romanian Front. Later that decade, the Colonel was involved with the Nationalist Soldiers' Front, which borrowed the PNSR's symbols. The PNSR Saxon chapter, under Fritz Fabritius, reemerged as the German People's Party in 1935.
History
Creation
Tătărescu, a retired colonel of the Romanian Air Force, former military attache to Berlin, and author of patriotic plays, had made his start in politics with the left-wing Peasants' Party. C. Candea, of the left-wing daily Adevărul, noted that his status as an aviator transferred into his civilian life: "since he has been cruising virtually all of the county's parties." He first explored the idea of creating a Romanian version of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP) during early 1932, but his interest in fascism dated back to at least 1928. In August of that year, he set up his own "League of National Defense" (Liga Apărarea Națională, LAN), afterward serving as its president. The LAN promised "military training to youths aged 12–19", in particular against chemical warfare. More controversially, it promised to colonize Romanians on all of Greater Romania's borders, to reduce the presence of minorities, specifically including Hungarians, in those strategic areas.
The Colonel became an affiliate of the mainstream National Liberal Party (PNL), which was also where his brother Gheorghe made his political career. In May 1930, he was organizing the PNL columns at the general congress held in Schiesstadt Park, Bucharest. He left that party in June, to join the right-wing-dissident Georgist Liberals, who supported the political program of Romanian King Carol II. In his speeches of the period, the Colonel criticized the PNL for having failed to recognize Carol's legitimacy, and supported the Georgist promise of a "clampdown on anarchy". He took part in the party's Ploiești congress, and became one of the leaders of the Georgist section in Putna County. Serving in the Senate after the June 1931 election, he issued calls against the price gouging of bread.
Whilst the National-Christian Defense League (LANC) had developed a direct relationship with Nazi agents, the formation of a specific Nazi party in Romania soon followed. This was consecrated on March 25, 1932, with the publication of leaflet called "Program of the Romanian National-Socialists"—unsigned, but attributed to Col. Tătărescu. It urged for modifying the 1923 Constitution to enshrine "the absolute power of the Romanian people, namely those of Romanian blood". Demanding Jewish quotas and nationalization, it allowed non-Romanian Christians their civil rights, except for holding political office, and proposed corporatism instead of the parliamentary regime. Tătărescu's group was additionally monarchist, expressing strong support for Carol II. As noted by historian Francisco Veiga, this was the "only concession to Romanianness" of an otherwise mimetic party, reflected in its choice of a party logo: an eagle adapted from Nazi symbolism, clutching the swastika, but donning the Steel Crown of Romania. The leaflet itself was headlined by the Nazi flag, defaced with the slogan România Românilor ("Romania for the Romanians"). The PNSR emerged around Tătărescu's weekly, Crez Nou ("New Credo"), which closely emulated German political newspapers and only ran 500 copies per issue. It shared title with a propaganda book, in which Tătărescu outlined his Nazi plan for Romania.
At this stage, the Colonel denied that the PNSR was connected with either the "Hitlerite National-Socialist movement" or the National Fascist Party in Italy, or that it supported dictatorship and racism in any form—he only acknowledged that the Romanian, German and Italian groups were similar in their geopolitical outlook and their anticommunism. He presented "Romanian National-Socialism" as a spontaneous "reaction of the people" against the Soviet Union, which was encroaching on Greater Romania's territory by demanding the cession of Bessarabia. In his interpretation, the communist danger was fed by the "terrible economic dictatorship" of Soviet industrialization, whereas Romania was economically mismanaged and painfully affected by the Great Depression. He argued that the "new redeeming ideology" of dirigisme would close the divide, by remaking Romania into a "productive country, with zero unemployment".
The party headquarters were located at Precupeții Vechi Street 1, in Bucharest's Obor neighborhood. In June 1932, Tătărescu was touring the country and establishing the first PNSR branches in Transylvania. Networking with nationalist groups in Western Moldavia, he obtained the allegiance of Toma Popescu Berca, M.D., who set up a PNSR Legion at Iași, and Georgel G. Ioanescu of Dorohoi County; Ioanescu was recruited alongside a "sizable group of friends", all of whom had previously served the governing National Peasants' Party (PNȚ). At that stage, the PNSR's "somewhat important members" included Theodor M. Vlădescu, Nicolae Bogdan, and a former Romanian Police Commissioner, Constantin Botez Voinea; shoemaker Ion R. Petringenaru Moțu was described by the Zionist paper Új Kelet as "one of the pillars of this faction". Joining them was a journalist, Marcel Bibiri Sturia, previously known for his anti-Germanism, publicized through his booklets—Creșterea influenței economice germane în România ("Growth of the German Economic Influence in Romania", 1915) and Germania în România ("Germany in Romania", 1916).
1932 election and first congresses
Tătărescu's party was only a minor contestant in the July 1932 election. Initially, it drafted on its own electoral lists, on which it used a horizontal tetragram icon (𝌆). At that stage, it was approached by the PNȚ with an offer to share lists "in those counties where [the PNSR] is more fully organized." Tătărescu rejected the offer, announcing that "the rise of the national-socialist current" was too significant to warrant any alliance with a mainstream group. It then formed a cartel with the LANC, running under its swastika logo; under the terms of this agreement, Tătărescu and Bibiri Sturia headlined the candidates' lists in Cetatea Albă and Tighina Counties, respectively. Tătărescu was additionally second on the LANC list in Ilfov County, immediately after League chairman A. C. Cuza. The LANC also allowed Petringenaru Moțu to be the alliance candidate in Bihor. His activity became a focus of national news after it was discovered that he was campaigning among the Romanian Jews of Săcueni, promising them that voting for the PNSR would protect them from antisemitic persecution.
The nationalist newspaper Curentul congratulated the PNSR for having helped the LANC consolidate its position nationally, but also noted that, only due to a "defective electoral law", none of the Nazi candidates had been elected. Tătărescu and Bibiri Sturia each took slightly more than 5,000 votes. The success of the NSDAP in the concurrent federal election in republican Germany increased interest in their ideology in Romania. On the Romanian right, there followed a "Naziphiliac epidemic" and "adaptation to the more efficient model". The PNSR, LANC, and other such groups found it hard to compete with the Iron Guard, which experienced a steady growth in membership and support. As Veiga notes, the Guard was "authentic" when compared to the PNSR and the National Romanian Fascio, which were "coarse copies", and PNSR membership remained "minuscule". An April 1932 note in Adevărul suggests that the Guard, which was facing a government ban, considered reserving the "National Socialist Party" title for itself, and was therefore jealous of Tătărescu's styling. Among the PNSR cadres, Petringenaru Moțu was a former Guardist, indicted in 1931 as one of the Guardist leaders in Bihor. Shortly after the PNSR had been created, he was endorsing a PNSR–LANC–Guardist coalition, with himself as the designated Minister of Labor; he wanted Cuza at Education and the Guard's Corneliu Zelea Codreanu as Minister of War.
The PNSR's constitutive congress was held at Chișinău, in Bessarabia, on September 24. Its main resolution was to create a paramilitary wing for peasant recruits, called Pavăza de Oțel ("Steel Shield"). Modeled on the Sturmabteilung, its units were tasked with putting pressures on the communities by overseeing commercial transactions and "ensure that no Jew is appointed a clerk of the state." In the "Great Congress" held in October at Tighina, the Colonel announced an immediate "boycott of Jewish goods" and the planned expulsion of non-native Jews "before May 1, 1934". PNSR personnel took it upon itself to compile lists of Jews to be deported, with the party calling for the restriction of political rights for all Jews and renewing calls for Jewish quotas. The congress motion also included a call for Romanian elites to renounce their Freemasonry membership, and for Romanian servants to leave Jewish families. Economic demands were supplemented by a denunciation of the gold standard, to be replaced by a "national-wealth" standard. It was also in Tighina that Tătărescu expressed his desire of combining the Guard, LANC, and PNSR into a super-party which would be able to compete against the greater liberal groups. From October 1, he had styled himself "Supreme commander of the Romanian national-socialist and fascist movement". The Iron Guard had ridiculed Tătărescu, but finally approached him for talks, sending delegates to the PNSR congress.
Naziphile enthusiasm fell in Romania within weeks of the Tighina congress, as the NSDAP registered significant losses in the November election. There were parallel by-elections for a Senate seat in Bălți County, during which the PNSR endorsed lawyer I. N. Georgescu Zinca as its candidate; he came in last, with 870 votes, while the LANC man, Vladimir Novițcki, came in second, with 3,924. In the aftermath, Georgescu Zinca reported that Novițcki, though a nominal ally, had assaulted him. For a while in early 1933, Tătărescu himself rejoined the LANC, by then a "purely Nazi organization", becoming its "military chief" and organizer of its Lăncieri units. In March, Tătărescu and Fabritius had assembled a think-tank of Germanophiles, the "Romanian–German Cultural Institute". Its board also included Rudolf Brandsch, Hans Otto Roth, Gheorghe Tașcă, and Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș. These figures, joined by Protoiereus Ieremia Cecan, reestablished the PNSR and Crez Nou in May of the same year; later, the Nazi envoy Friedrich Weber also enlisted. In June 1933, Tătărescu and Bibiri Sturia, alongside "Bălan, a former tax collector who has been found guilty of embezzlement", arrived in for another PNSR congress at Tighina—also organizing an additional rally in Bulboaca. They spread manifestos arguing that "the Romanian and German peoples have been called upon by providence to defend honor, freedom and civilization in central and south-eastern Europe."
Berlin contacts and expansion
Also in May 1933, Tătărescu stated his commitment to Germany, writing that the Germans of Romania were his party's natural allies, "the avant-garde of the great national revolution that is currently taking place up North". The German spirit, he argued, would do away with "the fictitious parliamentarian regime" and "dime-a-dozen politicians". Also then, the PNSR outlined its other "cardinal beliefs": "You as an individual can accomplish nothing; the organized nation can obtain everything. Neither slaves to the capitalists; nor a herd of cattle under a Bolshevik tyranny. The Romanian as a master of his home and a brother to all, in Christian spirit." The party now rejected economic theory in favor of pragmatic and radical solutions to the Great Depression, arguing that "decisive men [of state]" were required. It cited as examples Mustafa Kemal and Benito Mussolini.
Tătărescu's German loyalty, reaffirmed at a new party conference, was partly rewarded: the Reich Press Office maintained preferential links with Tătărescu, Octavian Goga, and with the Nazified Saxon leader Fritz Fabritius, noting that they stood for more ideologically complex movements. It regarded the Guard and the LANC as "exclusively antisemitic". After the NSDAP's seizure of power, Alfred Rosenberg, head of its foreign political office, promoted and financially supported the PNSR, inviting Tătărescu to attend a meeting with Adolf Hitler in autumn 1933.
The party soon built a base in Saxon Transylvania, mainly among affiliates of the German Party (to which Brandsch and Roth belonged). It also had a regional Romanian newspaper, Svastica Ardealului ("Transylvania's Swastika"), published by Ion Cleja. This wing had stronger chapters in Sălaj and Bihor, respectively led by Cleja and lawyer Ciprian Hubic, and was joined by Mihail Kreutzer, who claimed to represent the Satu Mare Swabians. By April 1933, Brandsch was openly anti-Nazi and was attempting to establish a democratic movement of the Saxons and the Germans in general; Roth, meanwhile, "encouraged the formation of National Socialist battalions".
The PNSR organized Romanian sections in other areas of the country—including Oltenia, where the PNSR called on the landowner Theo Martinescu-Asău. The latter had previously led a League of Conscious Youth (Liga Tineretului Conștient), and, alongside Iron Guard leaders, had been investigated by the authorities for his alleged involvement in Gheorghe Beza's attempt to assassinate Constantin Angelescu. Another powerful wing was in Bessarabia and the Budjak, which housed the Russian émigré and Bessarabian German communities. The Chișinău congress failed to recruit from the Iron Guard, but cemented PNSR affiliations from ethnic minority groups: Vasile Leidenius represented Bessarabian Russians (whom the PNSR pledged to help in their fight "against the Soviet regime and ideology"), and Arthur Fink the Germans. In that region, the PNSR put out German-language manifestos; this campaign allegedly involved the German citizen Schroeder, who was managing the Tighina electric plant. Prominent Bessarabian members included Cecan (the regional honorary president), Georgescu Zinca, and German community leader Hans Enlesn. Two local Russian-language newspapers affiliated with the cause: Cecan's Telegraf ("The Telegraph") and Leidenius' Voskresenie ("Resurrection").
In neighboring Bukovina, the PNSR chapter, which put out Svastica Bucovinei ("Bukovina's Swastika"), was led by Cicerone Manole and Captain Runtz. Also in Bukovina, the PNSR advertised its sympathy for the Ukrainian minority and the Ukrainian people at large. Crez Nou denounced the Holodomor as a "diabolical" and "Judeo-Russian" conspiracy, concluding that: "our superior national interest dictates that we should assist in the liberation of the Ukrainian people." Many members of the Ukrainian National Party joined the local Nazi movement, believing that Germany would support an independent "Greater Ukraine". They did not affiliate with the PNSR sections, but rather directly with the Fabritius faction.
Tătărescu ultimately went on a diplomatic tour of Nazi Germany, which included being interviewed by the Völkischer Beobachter and visiting Sonnenburg concentration camp. The encounter with Hitler took place in Berlin on September 15, 1933. Tătărescu informed Hitler about the activities of the PNSR and discussed with other NSDAP officials methods of antisemitic action. The meeting was also encouraged by the Romanian Minister Foreign Affairs, Nicolae Titulescu. At the time, the latter was trying to move Romania away from its alliance with France and the Little Entente, but asked Hitler to provide Romania with guarantees; Hitler refused to present any, identifying Titulescu as on obstacle of German re-armament. While in Germany, Tătărescu also spoke for Breslau Radio, describing his meeting with Hitler in enthusiastic terms. The broadcast was covered at home by the PNȚ's center-left daily, Dreptatea, which described the PNSR fan base as "people of no consequence and no social use, no precise ethnicity, no honest employment, and in general nobodies with no sort of training". The paper also called Tătărescu a "gadabout", and insisted that "our salvation can only be found at home, not in Rome, Berlin, or Nanking".
Tătărescu's public appeal for in funds was poorly received in Berlin, and he was asked to preserve secrecy. Ambassador von der Schulenburg specified that funding the PNSR up-front "would be regarded as an unjustified intrusion in Romania's internal affairs." He recommended prioritizing the LANC dissident Nichifor Crainic as a more profitable and less conspicuous alternative. In Schulenburg's ideal scenario, Tătărescu and Crainic were to form an alliance. For his part, the Colonel offered to distribute the funds for his printing office by putting out Crainic's Calendarul and Goga's Țara Noastră. In July, Hitler's preferences had already been noted by Ernő Hátszegi in Új Kelet: "Hitler wants to lay the foundations of a serious national socialist party in Romania. The German chancellor does not have much faith in the abilities of Cuza and Codreanu. But it is not Ștefan Tătărescu's National Socialist Party [that he wants]. Hitler is trying to win serious intellects and for this purpose he singled out Nichifor Crainic".
National-Socialist, Fascist and Christian party
Although the preferred acronym continued to be PNSR, the group became primarily known as "National-Socialist Christian Party", or, occasionally, as the "Nazi Christian-Fascist party". Its symbols also included the Romanian tricolor defaced with the swastika. Its ceremonials included honoring images of King Carol with what the party itself termed a "fascist salute". Crez Nou, previously called "organ of the National-Socialist Party of Romania", became "organ of the National-Socialist, Fascist and Christian Movement of Romania", and finally, on November 10, 1933, "organ of the Romanian National-Socialist, Fascist and Christian Steel Shield". The latter became its official name, shortened to "Steel Shield", with the publication of a new party program. Calling itself "a lay army for the affirmation of Christianity", it demanded a new social and economic order reflecting "brotherly cooperation" and "Christ's teachings", and, more generically, a culture of "manly spiritualism" that looked back to the days the Zalmoxis. The "demoniac" enemies of Christ were identified as being Judaism, Marxism, and Freemasonry.
In this new avatar, the party was again supportive of corporatism and guilds, which would have replaced parliament as the source of representation and legislation. Crez Nou claimed that a "corporatist system", supported by the entire "national and Christian right", would "ensure the consolidation and real prosperity of the whole Romanian nation, with no difference of class and with the assurance of social justice." Speaking at the regional Steel Shield gathering in Carei, on October 29, 1933, Tătărescu defined his economics as "positive, active, anticommunist and anti-Masonic socialism, reclaiming the people's right to work and bread for all". The party program announced its respect for private property, but imposed a basic income model, and argued that property "must serve a useful function in the community"—proposing to overtax "profiteers" and to punish tax evaders, spies and "saboteurs" with the death penalty. To encourage the emergence of a local industry, it promised the full electrification of Romania. As noted by historian Piotr Șornikov, Cecan and his Telegraf, issuing their own calls for social ownership, essentially believed that Nazism was a sample of Christian socialism.
The PNSR was also taking a stand against Hungarian irredentism, which appeared as a menacing presence on Romania's western border. Attending the great nationalist rally of November 6, 1932, Tătărescu expressed his contempt for both revanchism and internationalism. The Shield reiterated the proposal to expel from the country those Jewish families who were supposedly foreign, and also urged segregation against native Jews; at the same time, it argued for "brotherly and permanent collaboration" with the local Germans. PNSR antisemitism was by then becoming internationally famous: in a January 1934 piece, The Sydney Morning Herald noted that "the National Socialist Group under the leadership of Stephan Tataresco" was one of the four "powerful anti-Semitic organisations in Rumania." The other three were the LANC, the Iron Guard, and remnants of the Black Hundreds. Shield propaganda also continued to claim that there was a "Judeo-Marxist left", which intended to "enslave all Romanian intellectuals, workers and ploughmen". It described this category as including the radical Romanian Communist Party and the moderate Social Democratic and United Socialist parties. In return, the National Antifascist Committee (a front for the Communist Party) denounced the PNSR as a symptom of the "brown plague".
During the Tighina gatherings, the PNSR complained of being harassed by Pan Halippa, the PNȚ Minister for Bessarabia, and suggested that Halippa himself was manipulated by "the heads of Judaic communities". According to Candea, by mid 1933 the group was not just tolerated, but also tacitly encouraged by the lower echelons of police in Bessarabia: when Lvovschi, the Jewish owner of a Tighina cinema, tied to unglue PNSR posters on his walls, the public guards took him into custody (though he was promptly released by a supervising officer). Eventually, the arrival to power of a PNL cabinet, headed by Ion G. Duca, meant a clampdown on Nazi activity. In November 1933, while organizing a new PNSR congress in Chișinău, Tătărescu was seized by the local police and escorted back to Bucharest. In the nearby city of Bălți, Georgescu Zinca was sued by the authorities for having put up an unauthorized PNSR sign.
Also in November 1933, during elections for the Saxon community bodies, Brandsch publicized his warnings about Nazism, declaring that Hitler and Fabritius were "tearing our people apart". Late that month, Romania's government also outlawed Fabritius' own autonomous organization, the National Socialist Self-Help Movement of the Germans in Romania (NSDR), forcing it to reemerge as the National Movement for Renewal of the Germans of Romania (NEDR). In contrast, Brandsch announced that he was "forming a new German party with an anti-Hitlerian program". In early December, police raided Cleja's home in Carei, "where they picked up magazines titled Pavăza de Oțel, by Col. Șt. Tătărescu, a batch of electoral manifestos, and stamps marked with the party symbol".
During the parliamentary elections of late December, the Colonel and Cicerone Manole unsuccessfully ran as candidates of Goga's National Agrarian Party. By then, Tătărescu's brother Gheorghe was emerging as a favorite of Carol II, and took over as premier following Duca's killing by the Guard. He himself supported the "young liberals" faction, a brand of social liberalism with statist leanings, and was inclined toward making use of "extreme nationalism". For a while in 1934, he and the king hoped to appease and coax the Guard into submission. As a Nazi agent of influence, Col. Tătărescu is credited with having created the conflict between his brother the Prime Minister and Titulescu, resulting in a shift toward Germany, and away from "democratic countries." He persuaded the cabinet to sign arms deals with Germany, but Titulescu fought the decision—he managed to obtain from the king himself approval to sign contracts in liberal countries, as well as a clampdown on the Iron Guard.
Clampdown and revival attempts
In April 1934, the government also clamped down on the Steel Shield, having discovered that the Colonel was laundering his German sponsorship through a contract with IG Farben, in complicity with Artur Adolf Konradi. This incident made it hard for the NSDAP to maintain contacts with Col. Tătărescu, who was being threatened by the authorities. German supporters also realized that the Guard had returned to ridiculing the Shield, and withdrew their backing entirely. On July 5, the Tătărescu government outlawed the Saxon and Bessarabian chapters of the PNSR, which, overseen by Fabritius, were apparently the last functioning bodies in the party. Meanwhile, most Bessarabian Nazis had switched their allegiance toward the Guard; in April 1937, Leidenius was serving on the leadership board of the Bessarabian Christian Journalists' Syndicate. Also in Bessarabia, Cecan, briefly arrested as local leader of the Guard, finally quit fascism. His moderate position focused on ridiculing the Romanian far-right and taking the side of Bessarabian Jews—to the point of calling antisemites "sick". Popescu-Berca reemerged in national news in March 1936, when he was injured after trying to flee from a police checkpoint. He was found to be carrying manifestos of the Ploughmen's Front.
In late July 1934, news emerged that Col. Tătărescu planned to issue a political newspaper called Liberalul ("The Liberal"), but he himself denied that this was the case. Later that year, he was putting out another nationalist organ, called Curajul ("The Courage"). With an article he published there in October 1934, and taken up in full by the more notorious Universul, he invited his brother to "change Romanian foreign policy guidelines". This caused the publication to be censored and sequestered, but it reemerged in November as Veghea ("The Vigil"), immediately focusing its criticism on Ion Manolescu-Strunga, the country's Minister of Industry. On February 7, 1935, news came out that the Colonel had (re)launched the Nazi Party and was putting out manifestos in Romanian and German. As reported by the European press, the Premier greatly disapproved of this action. During the subsequent scandal, the Colonel denied that he had anything to do with the relaunch, and described the manifestos as forgeries. Over the following months, his party no longer active, Tătărescu again expressed his support for Jewish quotas, as proposed by the nationalist ideologue Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Although he had earlier denounced Vaida as a "plutocratic and demagogic centrist", in early March 1935, he signed a cooperation agreement with Vaida's supporters within the PNȚ, who soon after established their own far-right group, called Romanian Front. The pact had Vaida's followers focused on campaigning in Transylvania and the Banat, while Tătărescu was taking charge of all other regions, as head of the Numerus Valachicus National Movement (its central office located at the old PNSR headquarters on Precupeții Vechi).
The Magyar Party's Keleti Újság reported that the Front's early gathering in Timișoara was endorsed and attended by the clandestine PNSR. A poster carrying Tătărescu's signature "features a call for all those who feel that they belong to the Romanian National Socialist Party to travel to Timișoara and participate in the public gathering at which Alexandru Vaida will repeat his speech from last Sunday." The speech and the program outlined "admittedly Romanian Hitlerism." Tătărescu urged his brother's cabinet to make such principles into an official policy, but also expressed his rejection of racial antisemitism: "I am not an enemy of the Jews. I am only against those Jews who came from Galicia and from Russia".
The Romanian Nazi cell was still putting out Veghea, published by Tătărescu and a professional journalist, Mănescu. According to one account, reporting Mănescu's own stories, this enterprise was financed by the Jewish breadmakers Sever and Max Herdan, who hoped to tone down its antisemitism. The group disappeared a while after, with Mănescu fully unemployed by September 1937. In early 1936, Dreptatea also identified the Colonel and Ilie Rădulescu as the two-man team behind a "propaganda rag" called Românizarea ("Romanianization"). It noted that, after his experience with the "hilarious Hitlerian party", Tătărescu had quit Nazism, though not the camp of "far-right extremists", and had "learned how to grow enviably rich in his little brother's shadow." In March 1936, the Colonel attempted to sue his own brother for having banned Curajul. Around that time, Cleja, signing himself as "Ion C. Șbîru", argued for a corporatist variety he described as "national-social solidarism", producing a government program and hoping to ally the entire public around "Nation, County and King". He tried to register his own organization, first as the "National Socialist Christian Peasants' Party", and later as Solidarismul group.
In mid 1936, Alexandru Talex, who represented the rival Crusade of Romanianism, identified Tătărescu as one of the figures on the "fragmented" right-wing. According to Talex, the PNSR had no "program of social demands", being reduced to a "combat against 'the kikes' and for the Romanians' own gilded future." During the general election of December 1937, the PNSR's tetragram was adopted by a Nationalist Soldiers' Front (FON), led by General Ioan Popovici. This new faction also proclaimed the need for Jewish quotas and nationalization as the "primacy of national labor"; it also demanded that all top administrative positions be assigned to World War I veterans. The FON's leadership included Colonel Tătărescu, who, in January 1938, successfully negotiated an alliance between the FON and Goga's new group, the National Christian Party. FON members were reportedly critical of paramilitary displays, with one of its propagandists recounting that he had seen a village's youth "split into four groups, each group wearing its own colored shirts. They were all armed, ready to tear into one another." By then, the former Saxon affiliates of the PNSR had themselves split into two groups: a radical German People's Party, in practice led by Fabritius; and a moderate Front of German Unity, led by Roth. They were challenged by a dissident wing, founded by Waldemar Gust and Alfred Bonfert from remnants of NEDR units. In the early stages of World War II, deemed a moderate by Hitler and the VoMi, Fabritius was removed from his positions in the Saxon community.
Posterity
In early 1938, Carol staged a self-coup and, late that year, introduced his own sole legal party, the National Renaissance Front (FRN); it counted Theodor Vlădescu as one of its propagandists, and Cleja as a member of the FRN structures in Ținutul Someș. Românizarea was still appearing under this new constitutional arrangement. Directed by Alexandru Bertea, it had Ștefan Tătărescu and Martinescu-Asău among the chief contributors. In 1938, the pseudonymous author Teodor Martas, tentatively identified as Martinescu-Asău, issued a brochure introducing Romanians to Charles Maurras' integral nationalism. As leader of a German People of Romania Group, Brandsch announced in January 1939 the "corporative absorption" of his ethnic community into the FRN. Fabritius, who had overseen this move, was assigned a position on the FRN's national Directorate—in the one-party election of June 1939, he encouraged Germans to only vote for German candidates; Gust, meanwhile, joined the FRN Superior National Council. At a time when Carol was seeking a rapprochement with Germany, Col. Tătărescu was involved in agricultural cooperation, being personally congratulated by the German Embassy for his "perfect collaboration".
Carol II's change of direction came shortly before Romania was forced by Germany and the Soviet Union to make large territorial concessions. Stranded in Soviet territory following the occupation of Bessarabia in July 1940, Cecan was imprisoned by the NKVD. He was shot by his captors during the Soviet retreat of 1941. As the Carol regime tried to organize a defense of the borders with a general mobilization, Petringenaru Moțu was found to be running a draft evasion racket, benefiting as many as 1,200 youths; he was arrested and put on trial in August 1940. The same month, a Second Vienna Award assigned Northern Transylvania to Hungary; in the aftermath, Cleja joined the refugee colony in Bucharest.
In September, Carol was pushed to abdicate, upon which the Iron Guard set up a "National Legionary State". The Guardist episode lasted to the civil war of January 1941, when Ion Antonescu became the unchallenged dictator, or Conducător. Antonescu sealed Romania's alliance with the Axis Powers, but was under pressure from Berlin to form a new version of the Iron Guard; as an alternative, Romanian government officials proposed to set up a new National Socialist Party. This project was never put into practice, "but not for lack of adherents." According to one later report, the sociologist Mihai Ralea was one of the people advocating a PNSR under Antonescu's presidency. In late 1941, Martinescu-Asău was a contributor to Pan M. Vizirescu's "workers' magazine", Muncitorul Național-Român; he himself was leader of the Labor and Light (Muncă și Lumină) organization, which networked with Maria Antonescu within the Patronage Council. Among the former PNSR leaders, Vlădescu enjoyed a very good rapport with Ion Antonescu, being allowed to "Romanianize" to his name a Bucharest factory, and being sponsored in publishing a propaganda book that he presented to Hitler as a gift. By that moment, Ștefan Tătărescu had retired from national politics, managing the cooperatives in Vâlcea County. In September 1943, his penchant for corruption angered Antonescu, who ordered his extrajudicial arrest in an internment camp.
The Colonel staged his return after a successful anti-Antonescu coup in August 1944. He rallied with Gheorghe Tătărescu's National Liberal dissidence, which had embraced cooperation with the Romanian Communist Party. In June 1945, as leader of the party's chapter in Bucharest Sector 3, Ștefan commended the coup leaders for having taken Romania out of the "unnatural war", and proposed that the "social idea" of Romanian liberalism was naturally aligned with communism. The following year, as chairman of the Decorated Veterans' Union, he was collecting money for the reconstruction of Stalingrad, which had been destroyed by German and Romanian troops in the battles of 1942–1943. Vlădescu also joined the Tătărescus' party in early 1946—this reappearance of "two tried Nazi combatants" was noted by Dreptatea, along with the paradox of their communist alliance.
The regime soon introduced caps on economic activity which directly affected the Colonel: in 1947, he was forced to declare the taxable goods he had stored in his building on Precupeții Vechi Street, Bucharest, including 300 kilograms of alum, 200 kilograms of calcium chloride, and another 200 kilograms of aluminium sulfate. Following the Soviet occupation of Romania, Roth and Brandsch reunited in an effort to protect the Germans against the policy of deportation. They were both arrested in 1948, and died while in custody. Returning to politics as a National Peasantist, Tașcă died in Sighet prison in 1951. The Colonel and all of his three brothers were all imprisoned by the new communist regime after 1948: General Alexandru Tătărescu died in confinement in 1951; Gheorghe died shortly after being released, in 1955. Freed in 1957, Ștefan survived until 1970.
Notes
References
Raoul Crabbé, "La vie internationale. Les deux pôles de l'Europe", in La Revue Belge, Vol. IV, Issue 1, October 1936, pp. 86–93.
Tudor Georgescu, "Pursuing the Fascist Promise: The Transylvanian Saxon 'Self-Help' from Genesis to Empowerment, 1922–1933/35", in Robert Pyrah, Marius Turda (eds.), Re-Contextualising East Central European History. Nation, Culture and Minority Groups, pp. 55–73. Oxford: Modern Humanities Research Association & Maney Publishing, 2010.
Armin Heinen, Legiunea 'Arhanghelul Mihail': o contribuție la problema fascismului internațional. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2006.
Ernst Henri, Hitler over Europe. New York City: Simon & Schuster, 1934.
Mihai A. Panu, Capcanele ideologiei. Opțiuni politice ale etnicilor germani în România interbelică. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, 2015.
Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism, 1914—1945. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.
Piotr Șornikov, "Иеремия Чекан, священник и общественный деятель", in Russkoe Pole, Issue 1/2010, pp. 142–153.
Petre Țurlea, Partidul unui rege: Frontul Renașterii Naționale. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 2006.
Francisco Veiga, Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919–1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului. Bucharest: Humanitas, 1993.
Defunct political parties in Romania
Political parties established in 1932
1932 establishments in Romania
Political parties disestablished in 1934
1934 disestablishments in Romania
Fascist parties in Romania
Nazi parties
Romanian nationalist parties
Monarchist parties in Romania
Antisemitism in Romania |
This is a list, in year order, of the most notable films produced in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany and the socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) from 1945 until German Reunification in October 1990.
The state owned East German film company DEFA produced about 800 feature films between 1946 and 1992. Besides DEFA, the state broadcaster DFF and the Deutsche Hochschule für Filmkunst (now the Filmuniversität Babelsberg) were the only other organizations in the GDR that produced feature films for cinematic release, although far fewer than DEFA. DEFA also produced about 750 animated movies and more than 2500 documentaries and short films.
DEFA feature films are accessible and licensable as part of DEFA's entire film heritage on the PROGRESS archive platform.
For an alphabetical list of articles on East German films see :Category:East German films.
1945–1949 (the Soviet Sector of Germany)
Note that the German Democratic Republic formally came into existence in October 1949.
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
See also
Cinema of Germany
Culture of East Germany
DEFA (film studio)
DEFA Film Library
Film censorship in East Germany
List of German submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film#East Germany
Lists of German films
Ostern (Eastern-bloc Westerns)
Notes
External links
East German film at the Internet Movie Database
Cinema of East Germany
East German films
East German |
```python
from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import
from ._ufuncs import _lambertw
def lambertw(z, k=0, tol=1e-8):
r"""
lambertw(z, k=0, tol=1e-8)
Lambert W function.
The Lambert W function `W(z)` is defined as the inverse function
of ``w * exp(w)``. In other words, the value of ``W(z)`` is
such that ``z = W(z) * exp(W(z))`` for any complex number
``z``.
The Lambert W function is a multivalued function with infinitely
many branches. Each branch gives a separate solution of the
equation ``z = w exp(w)``. Here, the branches are indexed by the
integer `k`.
Parameters
----------
z : array_like
Input argument.
k : int, optional
Branch index.
tol : float, optional
Evaluation tolerance.
Returns
-------
w : array
`w` will have the same shape as `z`.
Notes
-----
All branches are supported by `lambertw`:
* ``lambertw(z)`` gives the principal solution (branch 0)
* ``lambertw(z, k)`` gives the solution on branch `k`
The Lambert W function has two partially real branches: the
principal branch (`k = 0`) is real for real ``z > -1/e``, and the
``k = -1`` branch is real for ``-1/e < z < 0``. All branches except
``k = 0`` have a logarithmic singularity at ``z = 0``.
**Possible issues**
The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
at ``-1/e``. In some corner cases, `lambertw` might currently
fail to converge, or can end up on the wrong branch.
**Algorithm**
Halley's iteration is used to invert ``w * exp(w)``, using a first-order
asymptotic approximation (O(log(w)) or `O(w)`) as the initial estimate.
The definition, implementation and choice of branches is based on [2]_.
See Also
--------
wrightomega : the Wright Omega function
References
----------
.. [1] path_to_url
.. [2] Corless et al, "On the Lambert W function", Adv. Comp. Math. 5
(1996) 329-359.
path_to_url~djeffrey/Offprints/W-adv-cm.pdf
Examples
--------
The Lambert W function is the inverse of ``w exp(w)``:
>>> from scipy.special import lambertw
>>> w = lambertw(1)
>>> w
(0.56714329040978384+0j)
>>> w * np.exp(w)
(1.0+0j)
Any branch gives a valid inverse:
>>> w = lambertw(1, k=3)
>>> w
(-2.8535817554090377+17.113535539412148j)
>>> w*np.exp(w)
(1.0000000000000002+1.609823385706477e-15j)
**Applications to equation-solving**
The Lambert W function may be used to solve various kinds of
equations, such as finding the value of the infinite power
tower :math:`z^{z^{z^{\ldots}}}`:
>>> def tower(z, n):
... if n == 0:
... return z
... return z ** tower(z, n-1)
...
>>> tower(0.5, 100)
0.641185744504986
>>> -lambertw(-np.log(0.5)) / np.log(0.5)
(0.64118574450498589+0j)
"""
return _lambertw(z, k, tol)
``` |
The Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) is a communist political party in Nepal. It was formed by Chandra Prakash Mainali when the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) reunified with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). Mainali had refused to go along with the merger and led a faction of the former Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) to reorganize the party.
History
Background
When the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) merged with the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) on 15 February 2002, Chandra Prakash Mainali along with other dissident members reorganized the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist). Mainali originally planned to continue the party under his leadership but had to reorganize the party after the former party notified the Election Commission of Nepal of their dissolution and dissolved all central level organization of the party.
Jan Andholan and Constituent Assembly (2006-2015)
CPN (ML) was a member of the United Left Front and participated in the 2006 Loktantra Andolan. The party suffered a leadership crisis when a dissident faction of the party led by Rishi Ram Kattel expelled party leader C.P. Mainali, accusing him of being a pro-royalist. The faction led by C.P. Mainali on the other hand expelled Rishi Ram Kattel and other dissident members. The faction led by Rishi Ram Kattel eventually merged with the Ram Singh Shrestha faction of Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre–Masal) and the Sitaram Tamang faction of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Centre) to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified).
Ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, the party presented a closed proportional representation list with 168 candidates, headed by C.P. Mainali. The party presented 116 candidates for first past the post seats. It won eight seats in the election, all of them through proportional representation, with about 1.33% of the vote. The party also had one member nominated to the Constituent Assembly.
On 6 August 2010, CPN (ML) suffered a split regarding supporting Pusha Kamal Dahal in the prime minister election. The split was led by former minister Jagat Bahadur Bogati and included four CA members. The new party was named Communist Party of Nepal Marxist–Leninist (Socialist).
In the 2013 Constituent Assembly election, the party won five seats under proportional representation. The party joined the cabinet under Khadga Prasad Oli on 5 November 2015. Chandra Prakash Mainali was made deputy prime minister and Minister for Women, Children and Social Welfare.
Federal Nepal (2017-present)
In the 2017 local elections, CPN (ML) only won four seats in local governments. The party also contested the 2017 legislative and provincial elections but failed to get any seats.
Electoral performance
Nepalese Legislative Elections
Leadership
General secretaries
Chandra Prakash Mainali, 2002–present
See also
List of communist parties in Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1998)
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
References
External links
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) official website
Communist parties in Nepal
Political parties established in 2002
2002 establishments in Nepal |
Impatiens bokorensis is a flowering plant of the family Balsaminaceae, only known to be found in the Phnum Bokor National Park in the Kampot Province of Cambodia. It is characterized as growing from tall, with a branching, deep purple-red stem with alternating leaves and purple-red flowers. It is most typically found in the park on sandstone tables in evergreen forests at above sea level.
Impatiens bokorensis is reported to produce little capsules with scurfy hair that contain three to four seeds in August and fruit in November.
The plant can be distinguished from its most similar cousin I. patula by its orbicular-obovate dorsal petal, shorter pedicels and larger seeds.
References
bokorensis
Plants described in 2017 |
Richard Young (September 7, 1843 – July 12, 1905) was a bishop in Rupert's Land. Young was born and educated in England. After being ordained as a priest in the Church of England in 1869, Young moved with his wife Julia Heurtley Harrison (1844-1934) to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1875, where they started a family. In 1883 he became bishop of the see of Athabasca in present-day northern Alberta, the first Anglican bishop to be consecrated in western Canada. In 1903 he resigned as bishop due to ill health and returned to England, where he lived until his death in 1905.
One of his sons was Lieutenant Walter Young, a former pupil at Monkton Combe School, who was killed on 30 May 1908 in the Mohmand Expedition on the North West Frontier.
Through his daughter Juliet Mary, Richard Young was the grandfather of the composer Walter Heurtley Braithwaite.
References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1843 births
1905 deaths
19th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
Anglican bishops of Athabasca
20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
Pre-Confederation Alberta people
People from Rupert's Land
British emigrants to pre-Confederation Canada |
Hagerstown Armory is a historic armory located at 328 N. Potomac Street in Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story Flemish bond brick structure with full basement emulating a Medieval fortification, built in 1926. The front facade features a central block offset by two, three-story towers. Tower tops are characterized by a ring of scalloped stone molding, surmounted by a ring of brick dentils, and topped by two crenelles per side with stone caps. The center section is topped by two crenelles with stone caps with stone tablet bearing the seal of the State of Maryland centered between them.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
An article in the July 17, 2009 Hagerstown Herald-Mail announced that the building may soon be sold and transformed into a mental health center.
References
External links
, including photo from 1991, at Maryland Historical Trust
Armories on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Hagerstown, Maryland
Infrastructure completed in 1926
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Maryland |
```javascript
//
// This software (Documize Community Edition) is licensed under
// GNU AGPL v3 path_to_url
//
// You can operate outside the AGPL restrictions by purchasing
// Documize Enterprise Edition and obtaining a commercial license
// by contacting <sales@documize.com>.
//
// path_to_url
//*************************************
// Base64 Object
//*************************************
var Base64 = {
_keyStr: "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=",
encode: function (e) {
var t = "";
var n, r, i, s, o, u, a;
var f = 0;
e = Base64._utf8_encode(e);
while (f < e.length) {
n = e.charCodeAt(f++);
r = e.charCodeAt(f++);
i = e.charCodeAt(f++);
s = n >> 2;
o = (n & 3) << 4 | r >> 4;
u = (r & 15) << 2 | i >> 6;
a = i & 63;
if (isNaN(r)) {
u = a = 64;
} else if (isNaN(i)) {
a = 64;
}
t = t + this._keyStr.charAt(s) + this._keyStr.charAt(o) + this._keyStr.charAt(u) + this._keyStr.charAt(a);
}
return t;
},
decode: function (e) {
var t = "";
var n, r, i;
var s, o, u, a;
var f = 0;
e = e.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9+/=]/g, "");
while (f < e.length) {
s = this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(f++));
o = this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(f++));
u = this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(f++));
a = this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(f++));
n = s << 2 | o >> 4;
r = (o & 15) << 4 | u >> 2;
i = (u & 3) << 6 | a;
t = t + String.fromCharCode(n);
if (u !== 64) {
t = t + String.fromCharCode(r);
}
if (a !== 64) {
t = t + String.fromCharCode(i);
}
}
t = Base64._utf8_decode(t);
return t;
},
_utf8_encode: function (e) {
e = e.replace(/\r\n/g, "\n");
var t = "";
for (var n = 0; n < e.length; n++) {
var r = e.charCodeAt(n);
if (r < 128) {
t += String.fromCharCode(r);
} else if (r > 127 && r < 2048) {
t += String.fromCharCode(r >> 6 | 192);
t += String.fromCharCode(r & 63 | 128);
} else {
t += String.fromCharCode(r >> 12 | 224);
t += String.fromCharCode(r >> 6 & 63 | 128);
t += String.fromCharCode(r & 63 | 128);
}
}
return t;
},
_utf8_decode: function (e) {
var t = "";
var n = 0;
let r = 0;
// let c1 = 0;
let c2 = 0;
while (n < e.length) {
r = e.charCodeAt(n);
if (r < 128) {
t += String.fromCharCode(r);
n++;
} else if (r > 191 && r < 224) {
c2 = e.charCodeAt(n + 1);
t += String.fromCharCode((r & 31) << 6 | c2 & 63);
n += 2;
} else {
c2 = e.charCodeAt(n + 1);
let c3 = e.charCodeAt(n + 2);
t += String.fromCharCode((r & 15) << 12 | (c2 & 63) << 6 | c3 & 63);
n += 3;
}
}
return t;
}
}; //jshint ignore:line
export default {
Base64
};
``` |
Kaagvere is a village in Kanepi Parish, Põlva County in southeastern Estonia.
References
Villages in Põlva County
Kreis Werro |
HALE may refer to:
Healthy life expectancy, statistics defined as the average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health"
High-altitude long endurance, a description of an air-borne vehicle which functions optimally at high-altitude
See also
Hale (disambiguation) |
Christer Johansson may refer to:
Christer Johansson (poker player) (born 1970), Swedish professional sports bettor and poker player
Christer Johansson (skier) (born 1950), former Swedish cross country skier
Christer Johansson (table tennis), Swedish table tennis player |
```javascript
const { assert, skip, test, module: describe, only } = require('qunit');
const { webGL2KernelValueMaps } = require('../../../../../src');
describe('internal: WebGL2KernelValueSingleInput');
test('.constructor() checks too large height', () => {
const mockKernel = {
constructor: {
features: { maxTextureSize: 1 },
},
validate: true,
};
assert.throws(() => {
new webGL2KernelValueMaps.single.static.Input({ size: [8,1], value: [1,2] }, {
kernel: mockKernel,
name: 'test',
type: 'Array',
origin: 'user',
tactic: 'speed',
onRequestContextHandle: () => 1,
onRequestTexture: () => null,
onRequestIndex: () => 1
});
}, new Error('Argument texture height of 2 larger than maximum size of 1 for your GPU'));
});
test('.constructor() checks ok height & width', () => {
const mockKernel = {
constructor: {
features: { maxTextureSize: 4 },
},
validate: true,
setUniform3iv: () => {},
setUniform2iv: () => {},
setUniform1i: () => {},
};
const mockContext = {
activeTexture: () => {},
bindTexture: () => {},
texParameteri: () => {},
pixelStorei: () => {},
texImage2D: () => {},
};
const v = new webGL2KernelValueMaps.single.static.Input({ size: [1,2], value: [1,2] }, {
kernel: mockKernel,
name: 'test',
type: 'Array',
origin: 'user',
tactic: 'speed',
context: mockContext,
onRequestContextHandle: () => 1,
onRequestTexture: () => null,
onRequestIndex: () => 1
});
assert.equal(v.constructor.name, 'WebGL2KernelValueSingleInput');
});
``` |
```java
/*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
package net.runelite.client.plugins.crowdsourcing;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import net.runelite.client.eventbus.EventBus;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.Plugin;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.PluginDescriptor;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.crowdsourcing.cooking.CrowdsourcingCooking;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.crowdsourcing.dialogue.CrowdsourcingDialogue;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.crowdsourcing.music.CrowdsourcingMusic;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.crowdsourcing.thieving.CrowdsourcingThieving;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.crowdsourcing.woodcutting.CrowdsourcingWoodcutting;
import net.runelite.client.plugins.crowdsourcing.zmi.CrowdsourcingZMI;
import net.runelite.client.task.Schedule;
@PluginDescriptor(
name = "OSRS Wiki Crowdsourcing",
description = "Send data to the wiki to help figure out skilling success rates, burn rates, more. See osrs.wiki/RS:CROWD"
)
public class CrowdsourcingPlugin extends Plugin
{
// Number of seconds to wait between trying to send data to the wiki.
private static final int SECONDS_BETWEEN_UPLOADS = 300;
@Inject
private EventBus eventBus;
@Inject
private CrowdsourcingManager manager;
@Inject
private CrowdsourcingCooking cooking;
@Inject
private CrowdsourcingDialogue dialogue;
@Inject
private CrowdsourcingMusic music;
@Inject
private CrowdsourcingThieving thieving;
@Inject
private CrowdsourcingWoodcutting woodcutting;
@Inject
private CrowdsourcingZMI zmi;
@Override
protected void startUp() throws Exception
{
eventBus.register(cooking);
eventBus.register(dialogue);
eventBus.register(music);
eventBus.register(thieving);
eventBus.register(woodcutting);
eventBus.register(zmi);
}
@Override
protected void shutDown() throws Exception
{
eventBus.unregister(cooking);
eventBus.unregister(dialogue);
eventBus.unregister(music);
eventBus.unregister(thieving);
eventBus.unregister(woodcutting);
eventBus.unregister(zmi);
}
@Schedule(
period = SECONDS_BETWEEN_UPLOADS,
unit = ChronoUnit.SECONDS,
asynchronous = true
)
public void submitToAPI()
{
manager.submitToAPI();
}
}
``` |
Electronic voting in Switzerland started in 2003 in the canton of Geneva, where the residents of Anières cast their vote using the Internet. This was the first trial of e-voting in Switzerland. In the following years, the number of people able to use electronic voting grew as more and more cantons began adopting such a system.
The Swiss government has multiple reasons for using electronic voting. It can reduce costs and increase the speed of counting ballots. Swiss living aboard are able to vote more reliably. It could also help raise voter turnout (declining since the 1970s) since voting over the internet is considered by most to be more convenient.
There are multiple electronic voting systems used in the country, notably CHVote (open source software developed by Geneva) and sVote (from Swiss Post, proprietary software developed by Scytl).
In 2019, concerns emerged about the security of e-voting. A committee of politicians and computer experts is launching a people's initiative aimed at banning online voting for at least five years, until the system is proven secure. The controversy grew after researchers from the University of Melbourne discovered Swiss Post's system had a security flaw in its commitment scheme.
History
During the late 1990s, the idea of modernizing elections by providing a remote form of voting spread among European countries. In that matter, Switzerland was no exception, but unlike others it had already been using a form of remote voting systems, the postal voting. It was previously well established that the initialization of postal voting had increased turnout rates by 4 percent on average, and unsurprisingly promoters of internet voting hoped that this new form of voting would quickly get accepted by the voters and ideally further increase the turnout rates especially amongst the young.
In terms of the progression of internet voting, several parliamentary motions were put forward at the beginning of the 2000s. The actual implementation process however was rolled out at a slow rate since it involved numerous evaluations and testing of different models. In this regard, the role of the federal agencies would mostly be limited to facilitating experiments rather than implementing trials, which was what actually happened when Geneva, Neuchatel, and Zurich took up the internet voting challenge and the federal agencies initially only provided financing. The result of this approach is that the three cantons had developed three different internet voting methods. Among these models, those of Geneva and Zurich have only one significant difference, which is that while the Zurich model is operated by a private company the one in Geneva is managed by the canton itself. Neuchatel's system differs from the two in the sense that internet voting is integrated into an e-government portal that required citizens to first register at the municipality. In Geneva and Zurich cases, there is no initial registration required since the voters are mailed the necessary information before every election. The first internet voting trials were conducted in 2003 in a municipality of Geneva, and within two years Zurich and Neuchatel had also held their first trials.
In the early phase of Internet voting trials, Swiss voters abroad were not included. This soon changed when the Swiss government acknowledged its desire to make internet voting available to the large expatriate community. One of the most significant leading factors to this inclusion is the role played by the Organization of the Swiss Abroad (OSA), the main advocacy organization for expatriate interests, which was firmly behind the internet voting initiative. The community of Swiss living abroad was a natural target group since the difficulties they faced while using postal voting were well-known. Also facilitating the process for this group was hoped to further boost the turnout rates since they make up 10 percent of the electorate. Since their low participation and lack of media attention on this group the Swiss abroad were considered to be an ideal test group. Moreover, if this new platform had a significant effect on the turnout rates, it would further strengthen the domestic debate. The legal basis was laid shortly, and by June 2008 Neuchatel had become the first canton to offer internet voting to its community that lives abroad. The two other pioneer cantons were quick to follow with Geneva in 2009 and Zurich in 2010. However, what is interesting is that all Swiss cantons can make internet voting available to their expatriate voters even if their own domestic residents are not yet allowed. By 2009 Basel-City had become the first of the non-pilot cantons to use it for its voters abroad and within a two years timeframe by nine other cantons joined (Argovia, Berne, Fribourg, Grisons, Lucerne, Schaffhausen, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau).
Although trials were successful in several cantons, in the beginning, the new mode of remote voting was not envisioned to have a smooth transition and was not expected to be widely used in all Swiss cantons before many years. One of the main reasons for this was the different traditions and voting procedures in different cantons. Another reason was the typically slow adoption of new systems in Switzerland. However, in 2019 Swiss Post took an initiative to enable e-voting in the whole of Switzerland.
Usage of Internet Voting (2003–2015)
The argument that internet voting would increase voter turnout was frequently used in parliamentary debates by advocates; also its high usage would justify the means such as the high financial costs and allocated resources. To keep track of the internet voting usage rates a database was maintained that reported results in as much as detail since the first vote in 2003.
Studies about the evolution of e-voting user rates in the three pilot cantons portrait two main social effects that explain the usage pattern over time; the novelty and the convenience effects. Geneva and Zurich illustrate the novelty effect, where drastic downward falls are observed on the usage rates right after initialization. This fall might be due to some voters testing the new system of voting just because it is new, but then return to their usual voting method due to habits. In the Geneva case, the disadvantageous effect of long-term interruption of e-voting (between 2005 and 2009) on the usage rates is depicted. Before the interruption, rate used to be 20% and afterward it was only 15%. In general, the convenience of the postal voting has kept the internet voting levels low; however, they are speculated to eventually grow as younger voters are much more inclined to use the internet. The fact that the voters in Neuchatel first need to register at the municipality to gain access to the e-government portal had an effect of lack of convenience. However, a small-sized increase in e-voting is observed in 2011, which can be explained by the introduction of the opportunity to file taxes electronically through the same e-government portal, which seem to enticed some citizens to try and use internet voting.
Usage rates of the expatriate have a growth rate of 2% each year. In Neuchatel,
the requirement to sign up in person to use the e-government system at the municipality has resulted in lower rates, since this is an even higher burden to those who live abroad. Studies also show that Geneva scores lower than the rest of the cantons, which is speculated to be because of the “fake” expatriates who live just across the border in France to avoid housing prices in Geneva.
The two main conclusions that can be made from these studies are; first, the expiries’ natural higher incentive in e-voting due to convenience is reflected in moderately higher usage rates; second, over the years the online channel has gained popularity among Swiss expatriates in contrast to Swiss residents who tend to drop the new channel after the novelty effect wears out.
Socio-Demographic profile of Internet voters
Studies are done to assess what is known about internet voters on the individual level and examine their socio-demographic characteristics.
The results are based on within-voter comparison which is the differences between internet voters and other voters (postal or ballot box voters)
Age
Studies have concluded that young voters tend to use internet voting more often compared to older voters. Interestingly, not the voters aged between 18 and 29 use the platform most intensively but rather voters in 30–39 years range. Also, the results indicate that younger voters to use e-voting not because they are young but because they tend to have more IT skills and higher internet affinity.
Gender
Studies have found out that men are over-presented among internet voters. However, the size of the gender bias varies from study to study. Also, the findings suggest that it is the gender difference regarding variables such as IT skills that create this gap in e-voting rates rather than gender per se.
Income
Studies on Swiss residents shows that voters living in high-income households use the internet channel disproportionally more often; however, no study has looked at the effect of income differences in expatriate context yet.
Cities/Rural areas
Postal polling's success has not been the same in all parts of Switzerland. Rather, it is generally popular in cities where people are accustomed to convenience and simplicity. In more rural regions, the walk to the ballot box is more common. In those areas, it is expected to see a great increase in voter turnout with e-voting.
Education
Like the other factors, education is also positively correlated to internet voting usage. People with the highest educational attainment tend to be the most over-represented. According to a study for instance, more than one-third of voters with a university degree voted electronically whereas this number is only 2.8 percent for voters with compulsory education. Overall, voters with high education are most likely over to be overrepresented among internet voters in both residents and expatriate trials.
To conclude the studies has found that internet voting has primarily been a service to the young and privileged, who tend to live in comparatively more wealthy households, have relatively higher education, be male and between 18 and 49 years old.
Advantages and disadvantages
E-voting clearly has both pros and cons and some of the advantages and disadvantages are listed below.
Advantages
Convenience
E-voting is a location and time-independent way of voting, which makes it extremely comfortable and convenient for voters who have the means.
Increasing participation
E-voting offers people an alternative way of voting for those who may not be able to use the traditional way. This might concern mainly absent, ill, disabled or old citizens. Also, article 6 of the federal law on political rights states that the cantons must assist people with disabilities on the exercise of their political right which would be achieved by e-voting. Additionally, individuals with disabilities may prefer the use of their home computers where they provide conveniences over traditional forms of writing and communication. Also, for example, e-voting systems could be equipped with added features to assist those with visual or hearing impairments and appeal to a greater audience.
Reducing process costs
With e-voting after having built the infrastructure and accepting the high investment cost, the cost would get redeemed in a few years and the process cost would get lower compared to the traditional vocation channels such as polls or postal ballots.
Increasing efficiency
Usage of e-voting may induce an efficiency increase since the process could get accelerated, arranged more accurately and invalid polls could be prevented.
Disadvantages
High investment costs
The development of the infrastructure of e-voting is costly, since it includes computers, building up servers, hiring experts and buying the software. For example, the cost of the pilot system used in Zurich during 2004-2006 amounted to 7.9 million CHF for the canton Zurich and 0.5 million CHF for the communities that attended the project. Moreover, another 3,2 million CHF resulting from the trial period. Which all adds up to 11,2 million CHF. Appraisals assume that the implementation of e-voting in the whole country would cost 400 to 600 million CHF.
Complexity and missing transparency
E-voting is a very complicated process that requires expertise to comprehend fully. For that reason, only a few operate with the system, on whom every citizen depends and has to trust. Thus, the whole system might be interpreted as a “black box” by the community, which pulls transparency to bare minimum and damages credibility and trust.
Security
A significant disadvantage of e-voting is the level of protection it requires and the fact that it will never be a hundred percent secure, having said that neither going to the polls nor postal voting is fully secure. Although there were not any security breaches or security relating problems during the trials, this does not mean there won't be in the future.
Voting quality
Political parties make use of the new possibilities to advertise and propagate their message online at low costs. For users, this might result in information overload and confusion about the origins of information as well as a reduction in political discussion and interactions among e-voters. Studies suggest that a de-ritualization of the voting procedure can be observed and voting without much reflection or in an emotional (or irrational) state may have negative effects on the process of opinion formation.
Case analysis
An important motivation for the Swiss government to pass e-voting is fast changes in information and communications technologies and indeed political life. Switzerland considered e-voting to make participation in elections easier, add new and appealing forms of participation, increase participation rate and protect the democratic principle “one person – one vote” against traditional abuse. Hans-Urs Wili from the Federal Chancellery points out that introduction of e-voting is necessary if direct democracy as it exists today in Switzerland is to be kept alive.
The Swiss Government wanted to keep pace with these changes and they started pilot projects for introducing e-voting in the early 2000s. The main approach used by the Swiss government has been to prioritize security instead of the speed of adoption. For this reason, Switzerland started with 3 cantons, Geneva, Neuchatel and Zurich. It was a joint project of the Confederation and the cantons. The Swiss Confederation funded up to %80 of the trials and the results of the projects had to be made public to the other cantons. In 2006 the three pilot projects were evaluated and it was observed that the internet voting system could be used by up to 20% of the cantonal electoral roll (later extended to 30%), and by up to 10% of the Swiss electoral roll.
Geneva Case
Geneva is considered as a “designated candidate” for the introduction of e-voting for several different reasons. One is the fact that there is a centralized electronic voting registry. In Geneva, local voters’ registries have been linked electronically since before the start of the e-voting project on the contrary of many other cantons. Geneva was also well prepared for an e-voting project, since its cantonal voting law authorizes the cantonal authorities to test new voting methods in light of technological developments. Another interesting aspect was that Geneva's high percentage of expatriates.
Geneva has the most advanced pilot project. The cantonal administration, in partnership with Hewlett Packard and Wisekey of Geneva, developed an e-voting application. The Geneva system doesn't need any additional software; the user is guided through the process on the e-voting website. In this system, voters receive their voting card that contains a personal ID code 3 weeks before elections. This code changes in every polling occasion and the chance to find it randomly is one in five billion. Voters need this code to be recognized by the servers when voting on the Internet. Voters then submit their vote and can alter the choice before confirming their identity once again. To confirm their identity, they need to enter the date of birth and commune of origin. The system confirms that the vote has been successfully transmitted and recorded. The electronic ballot is encrypted and sent to one of the servers. The votes are then forwarded to an electronic ballot box in a centralized location. Two keys are necessary in order to open the electronic ballot box. To ensure security, different political parties have the keys. It is impossible to match a ballot and a voter because voter's identity and ballot are kept in two distinct files. E-voting lasts 3 weeks and ends the day before the election.
Geneva's system based its security on using standard security mechanisms, such as the encryption of the communications by using SSL and encryption of the ballots in the voting server using standard cryptographic algorithms. It is indicated to be secure and usable enough. However, there are mainly two concerns. First, if a computer is already infected with malware, it is not guaranteed to secure the voting process. Second, a lot of data about Geneva's e-voting system is kept secret. The construction of the e-voting system necessitates that the voter has to have confidence, and to create this confidence, Federal Council requires publication of the source code of the software to provide verifiability. Also voters are encouraged to know how the electronic ballot box and the voting register work, how the servers are monitored and what happens if an attack is detected.
Zurich Case
The e-voting project in the canton of Zurich was launched in 2002. The very first implementations of the Zurich's system were introduced for student elections at University of Zurich in 2004. Following the system's success in student elections, it was tested out for public elections.
In principle, Zurich's e-voting system is quite similar to Geneva's but it has additional features. In addition to Internet-based voting, Zurich's system also permitted votes to be cast via text message and interactive television systems (ITV). However, in 2007, it was announced that SMS-voting would be discontinued.
Zurich hired Unisys to implement and manage its online voting system. Main security characteristic of the Zurich's system was the usage of different codes to select the candidates. Voters received a special voting card with a unique code per candidate and had to use the code of their candidate instead of selecting them. This mechanism preserves the privacy of the voters even if they use an insecure communication channel such as SMS.
On the contrary of Geneva's system, Zurich doesn't have a centralized registry for voters. To solve this problem, e-voting is implemented at the commune level and have the communes pass on the results to the canton.
Swiss Post System
Swiss Post's e-voting system is designed by Barcelona-based company Scytl. In this system, voters authenticate themselves to the voting website using their birthdate and an initialization code they receive from Swiss Post by mail. After voters make their selections, the votes are encrypted before going to the Swiss Post servers, where they are cryptographically shuffled to lose any trace between vote and voter. Votes are only decrypted during the counting process.
This system is under many critics. Experts find serious problems with this system such as its poor design, high level of complexity and possibility of letting someone alter votes during the shuffling phase without detection.
To prove the system's security against attacks, Swiss Post has launched a public penetration test and bug bounty program.
Security measurements
Switzerland doesn't expect e-voting to be %100 secure but it has to be as secure and reliable as the traditional voting methods (i.e. postal voting and voting at polling stations). Articles 27a-27q of the Order on Political Rights indicate security measurements needed to be fulfilled to obtain a secure and reliable system. According to these articles, an e-voting system has to ensure that all the received votes are anonymous and can't be traced. Identifying a voter's vote must be impossible and votes must be encrypted after submission and only decoded when they are to be counted. Voting must remain perfectly anonymous. Furthermore, the voting system must ensure that a vote has been received, and if there is an altered vote, only the newest version is counted. The procedure must not encourage voters to vote without reflection and voters must be able to alter their choice before submitting their vote.
Additionally, the system must ensure that only entitled voters can take part in the ballot, each voter must have one vote and will vote only once. It must be impossible for any third party to capture, modify or divert votes or influence the result of the ballot or to find out the content of the votes. All the votes cast must be taken into account during the count and that any fraud must be impossible.
Security is not only satisfied with having a secure software. The system also must make sure that the voting process cannot be affected by the technological environment. In this context, the most important problem is whether a computer, which is used to vote, contains any malware. In this case, an attacker may access all the data stored in the computer including any personal information and be able to manipulate them. In the existence of such a malware, elections can be influenced by malware by storing data transmitted during the voting process, simulating the voting process and vote later, or voting at the same time the voter votes. By doing so, these attacks can violate the principle of” one man, one vote” and allow the capture, modification or deviation of electronic votes.
Another important point is that e-voting server where all the votes are stored until counting must be absolutely secure and invulnerable to attacks. If an attacker can reach the main server, he/she can exchange the ballots and influence the main result of the election. If the votes are changed before counting, it is impossible to realize this change in counting. The traditional ballot box at the polling station cannot be manipulated this way. It is opened in front of public and nobody has possibility to exchange the ballot paper before. Similarly, the electoral register must also be secure to avoid attacks which try to manipulate entries.
An election system's principal function is to establish the correct election result based on the votes submitted by the voters and all the irregularities caused by attacks or software bugs must be detected in a reliable way. To verify an election's integrity, protocols ensuring individual and complete verifiability must be implemented, and tests must be done to ensure completeness, integrity, consistency, evidence and authenticity of the voting process. To improve the confidence in e-voting systems, Federal Council also requires publication of the source code of these systems and a public intrusion test is required, which will allow interested parties to try to hack the systems that want to be certified at the third level.
Opinion of the swiss public
General opinion
According to a survey conducted in 2016, the Swiss public generally thinks that introducing the possibility of voting electronically would be an improvement to the voting system, although this opinion is nuanced. Age class and region have a different view. Older people see e-voting as less necessary than younger people. In the francophone region of Switzerland, the E-Voting offer is viewed significantly more desirable than in the Italian speaking Ticino.
In total more than half the respondents mentioned an advantage of comfort. The youngest voters stated this reason disproportionately often. Other advantages mentioned were simplification of voting (29%), increase participation or enhance the quality of the decisions made (26%).
When ask about the disadvantages, a significant portion (40%) answered with concerns regarding the risk of manipulation and security. One in five feared the possibilities of scams and counterfeiting when E-Voting is used. Sympathizers of the SVP or CVP parties and respondents from rural regions often mentioned that the exchange between the citizens would be reduced.
Swiss expatriates have been shown to have a much more positive attitude towards e-voting. They deem such a system could prove to be very useful. This is probably related to the rather low reliability of the postal system (mainly delays) that this type of voters have experienced.
Trust in E-voting
The Swiss population shows greater trust in voting at the polling station or with the postal system than via the internet. This result can be expected since most voters do not have access to such a system, and therefore no experience with it. Although the skepticism in e-voting is higher, e-voting is not completely mistrusted. Trust depends on multiple factors, the most important one being the age of the voter, with younger voters tending to be more confident in the e-voting system. The higher an individual's education, the less he generally believes in the security of e-voting. Trust is also notably higher in the French-speaking part of the country than in the Italian-speaking part. This correlates with the demand for e-voting of these groups.
References
Switzerland
Elections in Switzerland
Politics of Switzerland |
Chrysanympha is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Chrysanympha formosa Grote, 1865
References
Chrysanympha at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Plusiinae |
was a of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Design and description
The Yūgumo class was a repeat of the preceding with minor improvements that increased their anti-aircraft capabilities. Their crew numbered 228 officers and enlisted men. The ships measured overall, with a beam of and a draft of . They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ships had two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of for a designed speed of .
The main armament of the Yūgumo class consisted of six Type 3 guns in three twin-gun turrets, one superfiring pair aft and one turret forward of the superstructure. The guns were able to elevate up to 75° to increase their ability against aircraft, but their slow rate of fire, slow traversing speed, and the lack of any sort of high-angle fire-control system meant that they were virtually useless as anti-aircraft guns. They were built with four Type 96 anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts, but more of these guns were added over the course of the war. The ships were also armed with eight torpedo tubes in a two quadruple traversing mounts; one reload was carried for each tube. Their anti-submarine weapons comprised two depth charge throwers for which 36 depth charges were carried.
Construction and career
During the 30 November 1942 Battle of Tassafaronga, Naganami led a supply-drum transport run to Guadalcanal (cover), and engaged a U.S. cruiser-destroyer group. During this action, she possibly torpedoed the cruisers , and/or .
On 23 October 1944, during the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Naganami escorted Admiral Kurita's 1st Diversion Attack Force. During this time period she assisted in the rescue of the survivors of the cruiser , later transferring them to the battleship . She escorted the damaged cruiser back to Brunei.
On 10 November 1944 Naganami joined the escort of troop convoy TA No. 3 as it approached Ormoc, of what was then known as the Battle of Ormoc Bay. She was sunk by aircraft of Task Force 38 on 11 November in Ormoc Bay, west of Leyte (). An explosion amidships broke the ship in two. Her sister , destroyers and were all sunk along with Naganami, as were three transports.
Rediscovery
Naganami's wreck was found in November 2017 by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen's research ship, RV Petrel 827 ft (252 m) below the surface of Ormoc Bay.
Notes
References
External links
CombinedFleet.com: Yūgumo-class destroyers
CombinedFleet.com: Naganami history
Yūgumo-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of Japan
Destroyers sunk by aircraft
World War II shipwrecks in the Philippine Sea
1942 ships
Maritime incidents in November 1944
Ships sunk by US aircraft
Shipwreck discoveries by Paul Allen
2017 archaeological discoveries
Ships built by Fujinagata Shipyards |
Martin Roumagnac (also known as The Room Upstairs) is a 1946 French crime film directed by Georges Lacombe. It tells the story of a builder in a small town who falls for a glamorous but treacherous femme fatale, with tragic results for both. It is notable as the only occasion in which the two major stars Jean Gabin and Marlene Dietrich, lovers in real life, appeared together on screen.
Plot
In a little country town, Martin Roumagnac is a building contractor who is liked by the ordinary people. He lives in a shack with his sister while he builds a villa on a plot he has bought. Into town with her uncle comes Blanche Ferrand, an exotic widow who married the owner of the seed and grain shop shortly before his death. Her target for next husband is Laubry, a retired diplomat with a dying wife, and while waiting she has an occasional lover. She also has to fend off a besotted schoolteacher.
One evening, feeling the need for some excitement, she goes to a boxing match and sits next to the ebullient Martin. Soon the two are lovers, and when Martin finishes his villa he gives it to her (thereby losing its capital value and depressing his creditworthiness).
Though passionate in private, she finds his lack of refinement embarrassing in public: he drinks only Pernod and chain-smokes Gauloises. He cannot fully understand her more sophisticated take on life, and her love of Paris, where she feels alive, and he feels out of place. But the love between them is very real, and deeper than anything either of them has experienced before.
His business suffers from his obsession and he is running out of cash. He is increasingly disturbed by the gossip in the town about him and Blanche. He expected her upper class friends to say he wasn't good enough for her, but he hears the same snickering asides from his own friends and family.
When Laubry's wife dies, Blanche looks forward to a profitable alliance with him, where she will be free to have lovers if she pleases; but Laubry insists she must first break with Martin—not because he cares if she is faithful, but because the lower social standing of the 'bricklayer' would damage her in the eyes of the social circles they would be moving in. His contemptuous words about Martin enrage her, and she accuses him of giving her his wife's corpse as a wedding gift. This makes the match impossible, and he leaves.
She also rejects the offer of a local suitor, the deputy mayor of the town, who says he'll improve Martin's business prospects, and then he and Martin can share her. Enraged at the men in her life and at herself, she sells the shop, and resolves to leave the town forever. She releases the birds, wanting them to be free, even though they are not native, and will die in the winter.
Martin, knowing nothing of her having dismissed her other suitors in favor of him, and believing she is going to marry the consul, goes to the villa to confront her, and she is too proud to tell him the truth. In his rage, he strangles her, and the villa catches on fire, destroying all the evidence. He goes home in shock and reveals what he did. His sister promises him an alibi and enlists the postman as a witness, turning the clock back, so that it will seem to the usually drunken postman that Martin was having lunch when the crime took place.
His trial is going badly for him until under questioning Blanche's uncle (who was not really her uncle at all, but a former lover and mentor who she formed a lasting friendship with) reveals that from her teens she had many men (Martin, forgetting his peril, protests this line of attack from his attorney, saying he doesn't want her reputation smeared). But even while exonerating Martin, lying about how he saw no anger in him shortly before the murder, the old man aims a telling emotional blow when he reveals that she had rejected the consul and his wealth, because of the man's petty snobbery towards the 'bricklayer.' Martin now feels the full impact of what he has done, the injustice he has committed towards the only woman he ever loved.
The jury acquits him unanimously and he goes home to a party organized by his sister, whose perjury was believed. In the shadows is the rebuffed teacher, who has been watching the entire trial, watching Martin closely, seeing his reaction to the revelation that she had, in fact, been true to him in her heart. Martin sees the young man in the barn, watching him, holding a gun. He deliberately turns his back, silhouetted in the open window, waiting for the shots he knows are coming, while he smokes his last Gauloise.
Cast
Jean Gabin as Martin Roumagnac
Marlène Dietrich as Blanche Ferrand
Margo Lion as Martin's sister
Jean d’Yd as Blanche's uncle
Daniel Gélin as teacher transfixed by Blanche
Marcel Herrand as Laubry, the diplomat
Lucien Nat as Blanche's lover before Martin
References
External links
1946 films
1940s French-language films
1946 crime films
French crime drama films
Films based on French novels
Films directed by Georges Lacombe
French black-and-white films
Films scored by Giovanni Fusco
Films scored by Marcel Mirouze
French romantic drama films
1940s French films |
The is a skyscraper located in Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Construction of the 100-metre, 14-storey skyscraper was finished in 1999.
External links
Commercial buildings completed in 1999
Yokkaichi
Skyscrapers in Japan
Buildings and structures in Mie Prefecture
1999 establishments in Japan |
Osłonka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Dwór Gdański, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Nowy Dwór Gdański and east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1919 Prussia and Germany, 1920-1939 Free City of Danzig, 1939 - February 1945 Nazi Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Villages in Nowy Dwór Gdański County |
The 2016–17 Liga I was the fourth season, since its reintroduction in 2013, of the second level women's football league of the Romanian football league system. As a third tier league was created this season, the number of teams was limited to 16. As such, 16 teams divided in 2 series played in the competition that consisted of a double round-robin lasting 14 stages, totaling 112 matches.
Team changes
To Liga I
New founded teams
Vasas Femina Odorhei 2
From Liga I
Promoted to the 2016–17 Superliga
CSȘ Târgoviște (winners of the 2015–16 Liga I, Seria I)
CFR Timișoara (winners of the 2015–16 Liga I, Seria II)
Disbanded
FC Hunedoara (withdrawn after the 2015–16 Liga I)
Viitorul 2010 Buzău (withdrawn after the 2015–16 Liga I)
Oțelul Galați (withdrawn during the 2015–16 Liga I)
Victoria Craiova (withdrawn during the 2015–16 Liga I)
Renamed teams
Nuova Mama Mia Becicherecu Mic changed its name to Fortuna Becicherecu Mic.
Teams
Seria I
Seria II
League tables and Results
Seria I League table
Seria II League table
References
External links
Official site
Rom
Fem
Women's football in Romania |
```yaml
opt_in_rules:
- multiline_parameters_brackets
- missing_docs
line_length: 150
included:
- Sources
- Tests
excluded:
- Example
- .build
``` |
Ayiroor (also : Ayroor) is a suburb of Varkala Town in Thiruvananthapuram district in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated north-east of Varkala Town along State Highway 64. The headquarters of Elakamon Panchayat is situated in Ayiroor.
This village is famous for its temples namely Anjumurthy temple, Palaninnapoyka Subramanyaswamy temple, Valiyaveetil Bhadrakali Temple, Ayiravilly temple, Thrimballur temple, and Kochu Thampuratty temple. These temples are famous for their yearly festivals conducted in between the month of January to March. The name 'Ayiroor' itself originates from 'Anjumurthy', which means five idols.
Ayiroor is on the banks of the river Ayiroorpuzha, one of the smallest rivers in Kerala after Manjeshwaram puzha. On the south-west side of this village passes the Thiruvananthapuram-Shoranur Canal. Educational institutions include Ayiroor Anganwadi, Government Upper Primary School, Government Higher Secondary School Palayamkunnu and Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Model School.
There are a few private hospitals. Varkala-Ayiroor-Parippally and Varkala-Ayiroor-Paravoor roads pass through this village. The people of Ayiroor are generally employed in the service sector. A large proportion of them work outside India. There are a few cashew nut factories in this village. The nearest railway station is in Varkala. The village has three post offices and one telephone exchange.
References
Villages in Thiruvananthapuram district
Varkala |
The Women's ski halfpipe competition at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2023 was held on 1 and 4 March 2023.
Qualification
The qualification was started on 1 March at 11:15. The best eight skiers qualified for the final.
Final
The final was started on 4 March at 10:00.
References
Women's ski halfpipe |
Bienaimé is the surname of:
Carole Bienaimé (born 1973), French television producer
Didier Bienaimé (1961–2004), French actor
Émile Bienaimé (1802–1869), French composer
Luigi Bienaimé (1795–1878), sculptor working in Italy
Robert Bienaimé (1876–1960), French perfumer
See also
Bien-Aimé (disambiguation)
Bien Aimée (disambiguation)
Irénée-Jules Bienaymé (1796–1878), French statistician |
FK Pelagićevo (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Пeлaгићeвo) is a football club based in Pelagićevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
External links
Pelagićevo municipality official website.
Football clubs in Republika Srpska
Football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Association football clubs established in 1958
1958 establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Gift Wrapped (previously called The Gift List) is a British game show that aired on ITV from 18 to 29 August 2014. It was hosted by Eamonn Holmes and Ruth Holmes.
Gameplay
Three couples compete against each other in a series of quiz rounds for a chance to win all five of their selected prizes and a bonus holiday.
Round 1
In the first round, nine categories are shown on the board, each consisting of nine questions. Each team chooses a category and must answer questions correctly in a row to earn points. Once a team misses a question or answers all nine questions correctly, their turn ends. The team with the most points on each turn gets to "unwrap" one of their "gifts". The round ends when each team has selected two categories.
Round 2
In the second round, the teams take turns answering questions which require filling in the missing item from a series of lists. Each correct answer unwraps a team's gift. The first two teams to unwrap all five of their gifts move on to the next round, the other leaves with nothing.
Round 3
In the third round, each team faces five multiple choice questions, each containing three possible answers. Each question can have one, two, or three correct answers. Both teams alternate turns, whether they answered correctly or incorrectly. The first team to answer all five of their questions correctly unwraps their bonus holiday gift and moves on to the final round, the other leaves with nothing.
Final round
In the final round, the winning team has a chance to win all six of their prizes. One partner is sent offstage to an isolation booth, while the other is shown six categories and has 30 seconds (5 seconds per category) to create a list of items that describe each category. When time is up, the isolated partner is brought back onstage and must guess what each category is based on their partner's clues. Each correct answer wins the team one of their prizes with all six winning them the holiday in addition to their other five prizes.
References
External links
2014 British television series debuts
2014 British television series endings
2010s British game shows
English-language television shows
ITV game shows
Television series by ITV Studios |
```java
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ota;
public enum OtaPackageUpdateStatus {
QUEUED, INITIATED, DOWNLOADING, DOWNLOADED, VERIFIED, UPDATING, UPDATED, FAILED
}
``` |
The bourse at Bruges (Latin: bursa Brugensis, Dutch: Huis ter Beurze) is the first bourse in the world, established in Bruges (in today's Belgium) the 13th-century.
History
Inception
The exchange was owned by family. Traders and foreign merchants from across Europe, especially the Italian Republics of Genoa, Florence and Venice, conducted business at this venue in the late medieval period. The building, which was established by Robert van der Beurze as a hostelry, had operated from 1285.
Decline
In the 16th century, Antwerp took over the role of trade center from Bruges. The Bourse of Antwerp was first opened in 1531 as the world's first purpose-built commodity exchange.
Changes to the building
During the 18th century, the façade of the Huis ter Beurze was rebuilt with a wide frontage of pilasters. However, in 1947 it was restored to its original medieval appearance.
Etymology, family coat of arms
The exchange managers became famous for offering judicious financial advice to the traders and merchants who frequented the building. This service became known as the "Beurze Purse" which is the basis of bourse, meaning an organized place of exchange. Eventually, the building became solely a place for trading in commodities.
The coat of arms of the van der Beurze family depicts three purses (Flemish: buerzen, Greek: birsa, Latin: bursa) and thereby gave both the family its name and gave rise to the word 'bourse'
See also
Bourse at Antwerp
Brussels Stock Exchange
Amsterdam Stock Exchange
Euronext
Exchange (organized market)
Notes
References
Buildings and structures in Bruges
Stock exchange buildings
Defunct stock exchanges
Trading companies established in the 13th century |
An Obambou is a supernatural being belonging to tribes of Central Africa. It is depicted as evil, possessing the power to do evil and to do good if it chooses, having the ability to possess and cause sickness, or to want a home built for them. In some African tribes, an Obambou is referred to as a devil, or as the spirit of someone who was not buried correctly.
Possession/Sickness
The Commi tribe believed that when someone is severely ill, an Obambou is a likely culprit which can be determined by a doctor or "Ogounga". The Obambou will reside in the bowels of humans until family, friends and neighbors surround the possessed person and make noise however they can. The people will sing, dance, yell, and bang things together. They do whatever makes noise to drive out the Obambou.
The M'pongwe tribe believed that a person can be born with the spirit known as an Obambou and be born insane. Most tribes that believe in the Obambou have a common belief that an Obambou can drive someone insane through possession.
Different lore
There are no idols or special symbols for the "devil" or powerful spirit version of the Obambou.
Another version is that the Obambou resides in the bush and in some cases was not buried properly, but eventually it gets tired of wandering and appears to a close relative, requesting that they build a house for them near their own. That night the village women are gathered to dance and sing, and next day the people visit the grave of the deceased and make an idol for them. They then erect a little hut near the house of the person the Obambou visited; then place the bier on which the deceased was carried to his grave inside the hut, as well as some of the dust from the grave. A white cloth is then draped over the door.
References
African folklore
Central African legendary creatures
Ghosts |
The following lists events that happened during 2021 in the Maldives.
Incumbents
President: Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Vice President: Faisal Naseem
Events
Ongoing
COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives
May
6 May - Attempted assassination of Mohamed Nasheed
Sport
Association football
2020–21 Dhivehi Premier League
2022 SAFF U-19 Championship
2021 SAFF Championship
Other sports
Maldives at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Maldives at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
References
2020s in the Maldives
Years of the 21st century in the Maldives
Maldives
Maldives |
The Maraş Triple Junction is a geologic triple junction of three tectonic plates: the Anatolian Plate, the African Plate and the Arabian Plate.
The Maraş Triple Junction is found where the side-by-side African and Arabian plates, both drifting north and demarcated by the north-south trending Dead Sea Transform (itself an extension of the African Rift Valleys), come up against the Anatolian Plate lying across their path at the East Anatolian Fault. The junction site is near the Gulf of Alexandretta, and is ~700 km distant from the Karlıova Triple Junction. After a long quiescence, the Maras Triple Junction was ruptured by the violent 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.
References
Triple junctions
Plate tectonics
Geology of Turkey |
Jamil Karzai
Born Kandahar 1976 age 46.He was elected to represent Kabul Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005.
A report on Kabul prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated Jamil Karzai is a second cousin to President Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan.
It stated he was head of the National Youth Solidarity Party.
It stated he sat on the Internal Security Committee.
References
People from Kabul Province
Living people
Members of the House of the People (Afghanistan)
Jamil
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```makefile
#
DTS_DIR := $(DTS_DIR)/marvell
define Build/fortigate-header
( \
dd if=/dev/zero bs=384 count=1 2>/dev/null; \
datalen=$$(wc -c $@ | cut -d' ' -f1); \
datalen=$$(printf "%08x" $$datalen); \
datalen="$${datalen:6:2}$${datalen:4:2}$${datalen:2:2}$${datalen:0:2}"; \
printf $$(echo "00020000$${datalen}ffff0000ffff0000" | sed 's/../\\x&/g'); \
dd if=/dev/zero bs=112 count=1 2>/dev/null; \
cat $@; \
) > $@.new
mv $@.new $@
endef
define Build/seil-header
( \
data_size_crc="$$(gzip -c $@ | tail -c8 | \
od -An -tx8 --endian little | tr -d ' \n')"; \
printf "SEIL2015"; \
printf "$(call toupper,$(LINUX_KARCH)) $(VERSION_DIST) Linux-$(LINUX_VERSION)" | \
dd bs=80 count=1 conv=sync 2>/dev/null; \
printf "$$(echo $${data_size_crc:8:8} | sed 's/../\\x&/g')"; \
printf "\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x09\x00\x00\x00\x63"; \
printf "$(REVISION)" | dd bs=32 count=1 conv=sync 2>/dev/null; \
printf "\x00\x00\x00\x00"; \
printf "$$(echo $${data_size_crc:0:8} | sed 's/../\\x&/g')"; \
cat $@; \
) > $@.new
mv $@.new $@
endef
define Device/dsa-migration
DEVICE_COMPAT_VERSION := 1.1
DEVICE_COMPAT_MESSAGE := Config cannot be migrated from swconfig to DSA
endef
define Device/kernel-size-migration
DEVICE_COMPAT_VERSION := 2.0
DEVICE_COMPAT_MESSAGE := Partition design has changed compared to older versions (up to 19.07) due to kernel size restrictions. \
Upgrade via sysupgrade mechanism is not possible, so new installation via factory style image is required.
endef
define Device/buffalo_ls220de
$(Device/NAND-128K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Buffalo
DEVICE_MODEL := LinkStation LS220DE
KERNEL_UBIFS_OPTS = -m $$(PAGESIZE) -e 124KiB -c 172 -x none
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb | uImage none | buffalo-kernel-ubifs
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | uImage none
DEVICE_DTS := armada-370-buffalo-ls220de
DEVICE_PACKAGES := \
kmod-hwmon-gpiofan kmod-hwmon-drivetemp kmod-linkstation-poweroff \
kmod-md-mod kmod-md-raid0 kmod-md-raid1 kmod-md-raid10 kmod-fs-xfs \
mdadm mkf2fs e2fsprogs partx-utils
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += buffalo_ls220de
define Device/buffalo_ls421de
$(Device/NAND-128K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Buffalo
DEVICE_MODEL := LinkStation LS421DE
SUBPAGESIZE :=
KERNEL_SIZE := 33554432
FILESYSTEMS := squashfs ubifs
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb | uImage none | buffalo-kernel-jffs2
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | uImage none
DEVICE_DTS := armada-370-buffalo-ls421de
DEVICE_PACKAGES := \
kmod-rtc-rs5c372a kmod-hwmon-gpiofan kmod-hwmon-drivetemp kmod-usb3 \
kmod-linkstation-poweroff kmod-md-raid0 kmod-md-raid1 kmod-md-mod \
kmod-fs-xfs mkf2fs e2fsprogs partx-utils
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += buffalo_ls421de
define Device/ctera_c200-v2
PAGESIZE := 2048
SUBPAGESIZE := 512
BLOCKSIZE := 128k
DEVICE_VENDOR := Ctera
DEVICE_MODEL := C200
DEVICE_VARIANT := V2
SOC := armada-370
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb | uImage none | ctera-firmware
KERNEL_IN_UBI :=
KERNEL_SUFFIX := -factory.firm
DEVICE_PACKAGES := \
kmod-gpio-button-hotplug kmod-hwmon-drivetemp kmod-hwmon-nct7802 \
kmod-rtc-s35390a kmod-usb3 kmod-usb-ledtrig-usbport
IMAGES := sysupgrade.bin
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += ctera_c200-v2
define Device/cznic_turris-omnia
DEVICE_VENDOR := CZ.NIC
DEVICE_MODEL := Turris Omnia
KERNEL_INSTALL := 1
SOC := armada-385
KERNEL := kernel-bin
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | gzip | fit gzip $$(KDIR)/image-$$(DEVICE_DTS).dtb
DEVICE_PACKAGES := \
mkf2fs e2fsprogs kmod-fs-vfat kmod-nls-cp437 kmod-nls-iso8859-1 \
wpad-basic-mbedtls kmod-ath9k kmod-ath10k-ct ath10k-firmware-qca988x-ct \
kmod-mt7915-firmware partx-utils kmod-i2c-mux-pca954x kmod-leds-turris-omnia \
kmod-turris-omnia-mcu kmod-gpio-button-hotplug omnia-mcu-firmware omnia-mcutool
IMAGES := sysupgrade.img.gz
IMAGE/sysupgrade.img.gz := boot-scr | boot-img | sdcard-img | gzip | append-metadata
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-385-turris-omnia
BOOT_SCRIPT := turris-omnia
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += cznic_turris-omnia
define Device/fortinet
DEVICE_VENDOR := Fortinet
SOC := armada-385
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb
KERNEL_SIZE := 6144k
IMAGE/sysupgrade.bin := append-rootfs | pad-rootfs | \
sysupgrade-tar rootfs=$$$$@ | append-metadata
DEVICE_PACKAGES := kmod-hwmon-nct7802
endef
define Device/fortinet_fg-30e
$(Device/fortinet)
DEVICE_MODEL := FortiGate 30E
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-fortinet-fg-30e
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | fortigate-header | \
gzip-filename FGT30E
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += fortinet_fg-30e
define Device/fortinet_fg-50e
$(Device/fortinet)
DEVICE_MODEL := FortiGate 50E
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-fortinet-fg-50e
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | fortigate-header | \
gzip-filename FGT50E
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += fortinet_fg-50e
define Device/fortinet_fg-51e
$(Device/fortinet)
DEVICE_MODEL := FortiGate 51E
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-fortinet-fg-51e
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | fortigate-header | \
gzip-filename FGT51E
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += fortinet_fg-51e
define Device/fortinet_fg-52e
$(Device/fortinet)
DEVICE_MODEL := FortiGate 52E
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-fortinet-fg-52e
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | fortigate-header | \
gzip-filename FGT52E
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += fortinet_fg-52e
define Device/fortinet_fwf-50e-2r
$(Device/fortinet)
DEVICE_MODEL := FortiWiFi 50E-2R
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-fortinet-fwf-50e-2r
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | fortigate-header | \
gzip-filename FW502R
DEVICE_PACKAGES += kmod-ath10k-ct ath10k-firmware-qca988x-ct \
wpad-basic-mbedtls
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += fortinet_fwf-50e-2r
define Device/fortinet_fwf-51e
$(Device/fortinet)
DEVICE_MODEL := FortiWiFi 51E
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-fortinet-fwf-51e
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | fortigate-header | \
gzip-filename FWF51E
DEVICE_PACKAGES += kmod-ath9k wpad-basic-mbedtls
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += fortinet_fwf-51e
define Device/globalscale_mirabox
$(Device/NAND-512K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Globalscale
DEVICE_MODEL := Mirabox
SOC := armada-370
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += mirabox
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += globalscale_mirabox
define Device/iij_sa-w2
DEVICE_VENDOR := IIJ
DEVICE_MODEL := SA-W2
SOC := armada-380
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb | seil-header
DEVICE_DTS := armada-380-iij-sa-w2
IMAGE_SIZE := 15360k
IMAGE/sysupgrade.bin := append-kernel | pad-to 64k | \
append-rootfs | pad-rootfs | check-size | append-metadata
DEVICE_PACKAGES := kmod-ath9k kmod-ath10k-ct ath10k-firmware-qca988x-ct \
wpad-basic-mbedtls
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += iij_sa-w2
define Device/iptime_nas1dual
DEVICE_VENDOR := ipTIME
DEVICE_MODEL := NAS1dual
DEVICE_PACKAGES := kmod-hwmon-drivetemp kmod-hwmon-gpiofan kmod-usb3
SOC := armada-385
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb | iptime-naspkg nas1dual
KERNEL_SIZE := 6144k
IMAGES := sysupgrade.bin
IMAGE_SIZE := 64256k
IMAGE/sysupgrade.bin := append-kernel | pad-to $$(KERNEL_SIZE) | \
append-rootfs | pad-rootfs | check-size | append-metadata
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += iptime_nas1dual
define Device/kobol_helios4
DEVICE_VENDOR := Kobol
DEVICE_MODEL := Helios4
KERNEL_INSTALL := 1
KERNEL := kernel-bin
DEVICE_PACKAGES := mkf2fs e2fsprogs partx-utils
IMAGES := sdcard.img.gz
IMAGE/sdcard.img.gz := boot-scr | boot-img-ext4 | sdcard-img-ext4 | gzip | append-metadata
SOC := armada-388
UBOOT := helios4-u-boot-with-spl.kwb
BOOT_SCRIPT := clearfog
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += kobol_helios4
define Device/linksys
$(Device/NAND-128K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_PACKAGES := kmod-mwlwifi wpad-basic-mbedtls
IMAGES += factory.img
IMAGE/factory.img := append-kernel | pad-to $$$$(KERNEL_SIZE) | \
append-ubi | pad-to $$$$(PAGESIZE)
KERNEL_SIZE := 6144k
endef
define Device/linksys_wrt1200ac
$(call Device/linksys)
$(Device/dsa-migration)
DEVICE_MODEL := WRT1200AC
DEVICE_ALT0_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_ALT0_MODEL := Caiman
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-linksys-caiman
DEVICE_PACKAGES += mwlwifi-firmware-88w8864
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-385-linksys-caiman linksys,caiman
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += linksys_wrt1200ac
define Device/linksys_wrt1900acs
$(call Device/linksys)
$(Device/dsa-migration)
DEVICE_MODEL := WRT1900ACS
DEVICE_VARIANT := v1
DEVICE_ALT0_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_ALT0_MODEL := WRT1900ACS
DEVICE_ALT0_VARIANT := v2
DEVICE_ALT1_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_ALT1_MODEL := Shelby
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-linksys-shelby
DEVICE_PACKAGES += mwlwifi-firmware-88w8864
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-385-linksys-shelby linksys,shelby
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += linksys_wrt1900acs
define Device/linksys_wrt1900ac-v1
$(call Device/linksys)
$(Device/kernel-size-migration)
DEVICE_MODEL := WRT1900AC
DEVICE_VARIANT := v1
DEVICE_ALT0_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_ALT0_MODEL := Mamba
DEVICE_DTS := armada-xp-linksys-mamba
DEVICE_PACKAGES += mwlwifi-firmware-88w8864
KERNEL_SIZE := 4096k
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-xp-linksys-mamba linksys,mamba
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += linksys_wrt1900ac-v1
define Device/linksys_wrt1900ac-v2
$(call Device/linksys)
$(Device/dsa-migration)
DEVICE_MODEL := WRT1900AC
DEVICE_VARIANT := v2
DEVICE_ALT0_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_ALT0_MODEL := Cobra
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-linksys-cobra
DEVICE_PACKAGES += mwlwifi-firmware-88w8864
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-385-linksys-cobra linksys,cobra
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += linksys_wrt1900ac-v2
define Device/linksys_wrt3200acm
$(call Device/linksys)
$(Device/dsa-migration)
DEVICE_MODEL := WRT3200ACM
DEVICE_ALT0_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_ALT0_MODEL := Rango
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-linksys-rango
DEVICE_PACKAGES += kmod-btmrvl kmod-mwifiex-sdio mwlwifi-firmware-88w8964
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-385-linksys-rango linksys,rango
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += linksys_wrt3200acm
define Device/linksys_wrt32x
$(call Device/linksys)
$(Device/kernel-size-migration)
DEVICE_MODEL := WRT32X
DEVICE_ALT0_VENDOR := Linksys
DEVICE_ALT0_MODEL := Venom
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-linksys-venom
DEVICE_PACKAGES += kmod-btmrvl kmod-mwifiex-sdio mwlwifi-firmware-88w8964
KERNEL_SIZE := 6144k
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-385-linksys-venom linksys,venom
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += linksys_wrt32x
define Device/marvell_a370-db
$(Device/NAND-512K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Marvell
DEVICE_MODEL := Armada 370 Development Board (DB-88F6710-BP-DDR3)
DEVICE_DTS := armada-370-db
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-370-db
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += marvell_a370-db
define Device/marvell_a370-rd
$(Device/NAND-512K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Marvell
DEVICE_MODEL := Armada 370 RD (RD-88F6710-A1)
DEVICE_DTS := armada-370-rd
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-370-rd
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += marvell_a370-rd
define Device/marvell_a385-db-ap
$(Device/NAND-256K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Marvell
DEVICE_MODEL := Armada 385 Development Board AP (DB-88F6820-AP)
DEVICE_DTS := armada-385-db-ap
IMAGES += factory.img
IMAGE/factory.img := append-kernel | pad-to $$$$(KERNEL_SIZE) | \
append-ubi | pad-to $$$$(PAGESIZE)
KERNEL_SIZE := 8192k
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-385-db-ap
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += marvell_a385-db-ap
define Device/marvell_a388-rd
DEVICE_VENDOR := Marvell
DEVICE_MODEL := Armada 388 RD (RD-88F6820-AP)
DEVICE_DTS := armada-388-rd
IMAGES := firmware.bin
IMAGE/firmware.bin := append-kernel | pad-to 256k | append-rootfs | pad-rootfs
SUPPORTED_DEVICES := armada-388-rd marvell,a385-rd
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += marvell_a388-rd
define Device/marvell_axp-db
$(Device/NAND-512K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Marvell
DEVICE_MODEL := Armada XP Development Board (DB-78460-BP)
DEVICE_DTS := armada-xp-db
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-xp-db
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += marvell_axp-db
define Device/marvell_axp-gp
$(Device/NAND-512K)
DEVICE_VENDOR := Marvell
DEVICE_MODEL := Armada Armada XP GP (DB-MV784MP-GP)
DEVICE_DTS := armada-xp-gp
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-xp-gp
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += marvell_axp-gp
define Device/plathome_openblocks-ax3-4
DEVICE_VENDOR := Plat'Home
DEVICE_MODEL := OpenBlocks AX3
DEVICE_VARIANT := 4 ports
SOC := armada-xp
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += openblocks-ax3-4
BLOCKSIZE := 128k
PAGESIZE := 1
IMAGES += factory.img
IMAGE/factory.img := append-kernel | pad-to $$(BLOCKSIZE) | append-ubi
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += plathome_openblocks-ax3-4
define Device/solidrun_clearfog-base-a1
DEVICE_VENDOR := SolidRun
DEVICE_MODEL := ClearFog Base
KERNEL_INSTALL := 1
KERNEL := kernel-bin
DEVICE_PACKAGES := mkf2fs e2fsprogs partx-utils
IMAGES := sdcard.img.gz
IMAGE/sdcard.img.gz := boot-scr | boot-img-ext4 | sdcard-img-ext4 | gzip | append-metadata
DEVICE_DTS := armada-388-clearfog-base armada-388-clearfog-pro
UBOOT := clearfog-u-boot-with-spl.kwb
BOOT_SCRIPT := clearfog
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-388-clearfog-base
DEVICE_COMPAT_VERSION := 1.1
DEVICE_COMPAT_MESSAGE := Ethernet interface rename has been dropped
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += solidrun_clearfog-base-a1
define Device/solidrun_clearfog-pro-a1
$(Device/dsa-migration)
DEVICE_VENDOR := SolidRun
DEVICE_MODEL := ClearFog Pro
KERNEL_INSTALL := 1
KERNEL := kernel-bin
DEVICE_PACKAGES := mkf2fs e2fsprogs partx-utils
IMAGES := sdcard.img.gz
IMAGE/sdcard.img.gz := boot-scr | boot-img-ext4 | sdcard-img-ext4 | gzip | append-metadata
DEVICE_DTS := armada-388-clearfog-pro armada-388-clearfog-base
UBOOT := clearfog-u-boot-with-spl.kwb
BOOT_SCRIPT := clearfog
SUPPORTED_DEVICES += armada-388-clearfog armada-388-clearfog-pro
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += solidrun_clearfog-pro-a1
define Device/synology_ds213j
DEVICE_VENDOR := Synology
DEVICE_MODEL := DS213j
KERNEL_SIZE := 6912k
IMAGE_SIZE := 7168k
FILESYSTEMS := squashfs ubifs
KERNEL := kernel-bin | append-dtb | uImage none
KERNEL_INITRAMFS := kernel-bin | append-dtb | uImage none
DEVICE_DTS := armada-370-synology-ds213j
IMAGES := sysupgrade.bin
IMAGE/sysupgrade.bin := append-kernel | append-rootfs | pad-rootfs | \
check-size | append-metadata
DEVICE_PACKAGES := \
kmod-rtc-s35390a kmod-hwmon-gpiofan kmod-hwmon-drivetemp \
kmod-md-raid0 kmod-md-raid1 kmod-md-mod e2fsprogs mdadm \
-ppp -kmod-nft-offload -firewall4 -dnsmasq -odhcpd-ipv6only
endef
TARGET_DEVICES += synology_ds213j
``` |
Masoud Hedayatifard (), born in Babol, (Mazandaran, Northern province), Iran, is a specialist in fishery science and industries. Since 1997, he is a faculty member of the Islamic Azad University. Hedayatifard has published more than 215 scientific articles on aquatic areas in English and Persian and some of them have been re-indexed in ISI journals, ScienceAlert, ISC journals, academic journals, and SID Journals.
References
Islamic Azad University Science & Research Branch
Google Scholar Page
External links
Official Academic site
Google page
Living people
Iranian zoologists
People from Babol
Academic staff of the Islamic Azad University
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Ian Richard Moores (5 October 1954 – 12 January 1998) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Barnsley, Bolton Wanderers, Orient, Stoke City and Tottenham Hotspur.
Playing career
Moores was born in Chesterton, Staffordshire and learned to play his football for the Staffordshire County Boys' Team. Moores then joined Stoke City's youth team and as a schoolboy at the age of fifteen continued his development at the Victoria Ground. Moores started as a left winger but became a centre-forward after a switch in Stoke's "A" team with a hat-trick to his name in the second half of a match. He graduated to the senior team in April 1974, having appeared for the England under-23 team twice. He made his debut for Stoke away at Leicester City towards the end of the 1973–74 season and in 1974–75 he became a member of Tony Waddington's first team scoring four goals in 18 matches. He was joined top scorer with Jimmy Greenhoff in 1975–76 with 13 but with Stoke needing money he was sold to Tottenham Hotspur in August 1976.
He moved to Tottenham Hotspur in August 1976 for a £75,000 fee. Moores started off well, scoring on his debut during a League Cup tie at Middlesbrough on 31 August 1976 which Spurs won 2–1. On 4 September 1976 Moores made his Tottenham league debut at Old Trafford. Spurs trailed 2–0 at half-time, but second half strikes from Moores, Ralph Coates and John Pratt gave them a 3–2 win. However, he only scored twice more during the rest of that season, against Wrexham in the League Cup in September 1976 and against Sunderland in a 2–1 home defeat in November 1976. Spurs were relegated at the end of the season to Division Two.
During the following season Moores did not play until the 11th game of the season. He scored a hat-trick against Bristol Rovers on 22 October 1977, during which Colin Lee scored four in a record 9–0 win for Spurs at White Hart Lane. He played 12 more times that season and scored once more, against Crystal Palace three weeks later. In July 1978 the arrival of Ossie Ardiles and Ricardo Villa spelt the end for Moores at White Hart Lane. He provided a cross for Villa to score against Nottingham Forest but played only once again, in a 4–1 home defeat against Aston Villa, which was to be his final ever appearance for Spurs. In September 1978 he left the club to join Orient for a fee of £55,000 where he scored 26 goals in 117 league appearances. Moores scored twice on his debut for Orient, as he had done for Spurs, away against Charlton Athletic on 6 October 1978.
Moores was a first team regular over the next four years, but when Orient were relegated to Division 3 in 1982 he signed for Bolton Wanderers. Moores scored five goals in 29 appearances that season. Bolton were relegated, like Spurs and Orient had been before and in July 1983 he moved to APOEL in Cyprus, where he remained for five years and where he is still regarded as a legend. He played alongside Terry McDermott and won one Cypriot Championship, one Cup, two Super Cups and played in all three European competitions. Returning to England in 1988, Moores had an unsuccessful trial with Port Vale before heading into the non-leagues. He helped Tamworth win the 1989 FA Vase, when he scored in the replay of the final, but that was to be his swansong. He retired as a player a year later, in 1990.
Personal life and post-retirement
His favorite player was his teammate, Jimmy Greenhoff. He cited his Under-23 national team debut vs Wales as his most memorable match. He had said that if he was not an athlete, he would have been a physical training instructor. His likes included television, driving and going to horse races.
After retiring from football, Moores worked in personal finance in his native Potteries, and when he fell ill in September 1997 with lung cancer, he was coaching a local under 16 team. Moores died in January 1998 at the age of 43.
Career statistics
Source:
A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the Anglo-Scottish Cup, Football League Group Cup and Svenska Cupen.
References
1954 births
1998 deaths
People from Chesterton, Staffordshire
English men's footballers
England men's under-23 international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Stoke City F.C. players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
APOEL FC players
Tamworth F.C. players
Landskrona BoIS players
English Football League players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Cypriot First Division players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Footballers from Staffordshire |
Kashmakash Zindagi Ki is an Indian TV series produced by Reasonable Advertising Limited, based on the story of an adopted girl who is hated by everyone in her new family except her father. It premiered on 27 November 2006 on DD National. The story portrays the sour relationships in a family.
The series is one of the long-running television programme of DD National channel, which completed its 300 episodes in June 2008 & 500 episodes on 20 March 2009.
Cast
Amrapali Gupta / Unknown / Gauri Singh as Tanushree "Tanu" Malhotra: Vikram and Vandita's daughter; Sahil's first wife
Romanchak Arora as Sahil: Aradhana's son; Poorva's elder brother; Tanushree, Payal and Ananya's husband
Firoza Khan as Ananya: Sahil's wife
Sudha Chandran as Rajyalakshmi (Antagonist)
Kishwar Merchant as Mandira: Rajeev and Devyani's daughter; Aniruddh's wife; Mayank and Aditya 's mother
Deepshikha Nagpal as Aradhana: Sahil and Poorva's mother; Rajdev and Devyani's stepdaughter
Lata Haya as Devyani: Rajeev's wife; Mandira's mother; Aradhana's stepmother She is always plotting against Aradhana (Antagonist)
Shakti Singh as Vikram Malhotra: Vandita's husband; Tanushree's father
Shiju Kataria as Poorva: Aradhana's daughter; Sahil's younger sister; Aditya's wife
Raj Singh Suryavanshi as Akul Malhotra: Aarushi's brother; Sheetal's husband
Aakanksha Nimonkar as Aarushi Malhotra: Akul's sister
Natasha Rana as Vandita Vikram Malhotra: Vikram's wife; Tanushree's mother
Zarina Wahab as Pooja`s mother
Uttara Baokar as Dadi: Rajdev`s mother
Anang Desai as Rajdev: Aradhana's stepfather He likes Aradhana more than his biological daughter, Mandira.
Amit Behl as Aniruddh: Mandira's husband; Mayank and Aditya's father; Pooja and Poorva's father–in–law; Kamya's former father–in–law
Snigdha Pandey as Sheetal Akul Malhotra: Akul's wife; Tanushree and Aarushi's sister–in–law (Antagonist)
Vijay Bhatia as Mayank: Aniruddh and Mandira's elder son; Pooja's husband
Krishna Bharadwaj as Aditya: Aniruddh and Mandira's younger son; Mayank's younger brother; Poorva's husband
Richa Soni as Kamya: Mayank ex–wife
Akriti Singh as Payal: Sahil's wife
Amit Kaushik as Rohit
Parineeta Borthakur as Pratima
as Pooja: Mayank's wife; Aniruddh and Mandira's daughter–in–law
References
External links
Kashmakash Zindagi Ki News Article on ScreenIndia Weekly
DD National original programming
Indian drama television series
Indian television series related to plastic surgery |
A challenger brand is a brand in an industry where it is neither the market leader nor a niche brand. Challenger brands are categorised by a mindset which sees they have business ambitions beyond conventional resources, and an intent to bring change to an industry.
The establishment brand is the antithesis to the challenger brand, the market leader being the primary example of an establishment brand.
Virgin Atlantic, BrewDog, Tyrells, innocent, Uber and Airbnb are all considered classic examples of a challenger brand. The Challenger Project is a study into challenger brands and how they grow and succeed.
Types of challenger brand
'Overthrow II: 10 strategies from the new wave of challengers', written by Adam Morgan and Malcolm Devoy, outlines ten types of challenger brand.
Missionary
A challenger brand looking to change something that is wrong or unfair in the world, and wearing that strong sense of purpose on its sleeve. Examples include Tony's Chocolonely and Patagonia.
Real & Human
A group of real people who genuinely care about what they are making, about their relationship with you, and about the people who are making it for you. Examples include Zappos and Mailchimp.
Next Generation
The Next Generation challenger questions the appropriateness of the establishment brand – or even the whole category – for the times we live in today. It challenges the relevance of the past to this new world, and identifies itself as a better choice for our new needs and circumstances. Examples include Impossible Foods and Oatly.
People's Champion
The People’s Champion is a brand with a mandate: it sees itself as standing up for a group of people who have been short-served or exploited by the establishment for too long, because the market leader has been relentlessly putting its own needs (and profits) first. Examples include T-Mobile US and Copa90.
Enlightened Zagger
The enlightened brand deliberately swimming against the prevailing cultural or category tide. The Enlightened Zagger often promotes the virtues of ‘slow’, of simplicity and reduction, or the surprising benefits of less. Examples include Vitsoe and the Slow Journalism subculture.
Democratiser
A challenger that takes something previously only available to the few, and makes it accessible to the many. Examples include Warby Parker and Fenty Beauty.
Irreverent Maverick
This challenger narrative is one of provocation, a poke in the ribs, deliberately setting out to entertain and engage – even court a little controversy. Examples include Dollar Shave Club and BrewDog.
Feisty Underdog
The Feisty Underdog is what many still regard (wrongly) as the classic challenger stance, in part because the history of challenger brands in the US is so strongly linked to it, from marketing icons like Avis and Pepsi to legendary sporting underdogs like the diminutive racehorse Seabiscuit. In brand terms, the challenger that adopts this narrative aims to reduce a crowded competitive world to a simple binary choice, creating the emotional illusion that there are in fact just two brands in a category for the consumer to choose between. Examples include Bumble and Under Armour.
Dramatic Disruptor
A brand and product that dramatically signals a real and significant product or service superiority. Examples include Casper and Tesla.
Local Hero
A challenger that champions the importance and character of local needs, local culture and local people, as opposed to the international market leader. Examples include Rapido and Shake Shack.
History
The concept of a challenger brand was first introduced by Adam Morgan in 1999 in the business book, ‘Eating the Big Fish’. In this book, three specific criteria for challenger brands were defined: one, state of market, meaning the brand is not a market leader nor a niche brand; two, state of mind, meaning the brand has ambitions beyond conventional marketing resource; three, rate of success, meaning the brand has experienced significant and rapid growth.
In 2012, the media agency PhD and the strategic consultancy eatbigfish published 'Overthrow: 10 Ways To Tell A Challenger Story' which outlined ten different types of challenger brand and provided brand examples of each. A second edition, Overthrow II: 10 strategies from the new wave of challengers, was published in 2019 with an updated set of challenger types and new brand case studies and interviews.
References
Brand management
Brands
Branding terminology
Product management |
Castiglione d'Intelvi was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about north of Milan and about north of Como. On 1 January 2018 it was merged with Casasco d'Intelvi and San Fedele Intelvi to form the new comune of Centro Valle Intelvi.
Cities and towns in Lombardy |
```java
package com.eveningoutpost.dexdrip.wearintegration;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;
import com.eveningoutpost.dexdrip.Home;
import com.eveningoutpost.dexdrip.models.JoH;
import com.eveningoutpost.dexdrip.models.UserError;
import com.google.android.gms.common.api.GoogleApiClient;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.DataApi;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.DataMap;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.Node;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.NodeApi;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.PutDataMapRequest;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.PutDataRequest;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.Wearable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Created by Emma Black on 12/26/14.
*/
class SendToDataLayerThread extends AsyncTask<DataMap,Void,Void> {
private GoogleApiClient googleApiClient;
private static int concurrency = 0;
private static int state = 0;
private static final String TAG = "jamorham wear";
private static final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private static long lastlock = 0;
private static final boolean testlockup = false; // always false in production
String path;
SendToDataLayerThread(String path, GoogleApiClient pGoogleApiClient) {
this.path = path;
googleApiClient = pGoogleApiClient;
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
concurrency++;
if ((concurrency > 12) || ((concurrency > 3 && (lastlock != 0) && (JoH.tsl() - lastlock) > 300000))) {//KS increase from 8 to 12
// error if 9 concurrent threads or lock held for >5 minutes with concurrency of 4
final String err = "Wear Integration deadlock detected!! "+((lastlock !=0) ? "locked" : "")+" state:"+state+" @"+ JoH.hourMinuteString();
Home.toaststaticnext(err);
UserError.Log.e(TAG,err);
}
if (concurrency<0) Home.toaststaticnext("Wear Integration impossible concurrency!!");
UserError.Log.d(TAG, "SendDataToLayerThread pre-execute concurrency: " + concurrency);
}
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(DataMap... params) {
if (testlockup) {
try {
UserError.Log.e(TAG,"WARNING RUNNING TEST LOCK UP CODE - NEVER FOR PRODUCTION");
Thread.sleep(1000000); // DEEEBBUUGGGG
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
sendToWear(params);
concurrency--;
UserError.Log.d(TAG, "SendDataToLayerThread post-execute concurrency: " + concurrency);
return null;
}
// Debug function to expose where it might be locking up
private synchronized void sendToWear(final DataMap... params) {
if (!lock.tryLock()) {
Log.d(TAG, "Concurrent access - waiting for thread unlock");
lock.lock(); // enforce single threading
Log.d(TAG, "Thread unlocked - proceeding");
}
lastlock=JoH.tsl();
try {
if (state != 0) {
UserError.Log.e(TAG, "WEAR STATE ERROR: state=" + state);
}
state = 1;
final NodeApi.GetConnectedNodesResult nodes = Wearable.NodeApi.getConnectedNodes(googleApiClient).await(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
state = 2;
for (Node node : nodes.getNodes()) {
state = 3;
for (DataMap dataMap : params) {
state = 4;
PutDataMapRequest putDMR = PutDataMapRequest.create(path);
state = 5;
putDMR.getDataMap().putAll(dataMap);
putDMR.setUrgent();
state = 6;
PutDataRequest request = putDMR.asPutDataRequest();
state = 7;
DataApi.DataItemResult result = Wearable.DataApi.putDataItem(googleApiClient, request).await(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
state = 8;
if (result.getStatus().isSuccess()) {
UserError.Log.d(TAG, "DataMap: " + dataMap + " sent to: " + node.getDisplayName());
} else {
UserError.Log.e(TAG, "ERROR: failed to send DataMap");
result = Wearable.DataApi.putDataItem(googleApiClient, request).await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (result.getStatus().isSuccess()) {
UserError.Log.d(TAG, "DataMap retry: " + dataMap + " sent to: " + node.getDisplayName());
} else {
UserError.Log.e(TAG, "ERROR on retry: failed to send DataMap: " + result.getStatus().toString());
}
}
state = 9;
}
}
state = 0;
} catch (Exception e) {
UserError.Log.e(TAG, "Got exception in sendToWear: " + e.toString());
} finally {
lastlock=0;
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
``` |
The Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory (WANL) was a division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Established in 1959 to develop nuclear space propulsion technologies for the government, the lab was located, for most of its history, in the paradoxically small town of "Large" along Pa. Rte 51, about south of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA. The site is not far from the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory in West Mifflin, which Westinghouse operated during the same time and later.
Town of Large, Pennsylvania
Historical Note: The Large site is that of the former Large Distillery, founded by Jonathan Large (1794-1862), who came to the area as a child in 1797 after the Whiskey Rebellion. The distillery originally produced Monongahela rye whiskey, which was a local favorite. Management of the distillery later passed to Jonathan's son, Henry, who ensured the distillery's success by making "Large Monongahela Rye Whiskey" a national brand. Eventually, the Large Distillery was sold to The National Distillery Company, which retired the Large label but continued to market the whiskey as Old Overholt.
The Large distillery eventually ceased operations and the property was sold to a developer who leased it to Westinghouse in the 1950s, and several of the warehouse buildings were adapted for developing and testing reactor plant components for the nuclear submarine development program underway at Bettis under the direction of Admiral Hyman G. Rickover.
Founding
The laboratory was officially founded as a Westinghouse division on July 26, 1959 with six employees and at first operated out of offices in the Pittsburgh suburb of Whitehall. Naval Academy graduate John W. Simpson headed the team with Cornell University physicist Sidney Krasik and Technical Director Frank Cotter as founding members.
WANL's brief but important life cycle
WANL's origins can be traced to 1959 when a dozen engineers and technical specialists from Bettis set up a lab in nearby Whitehall, Pa., for the purpose of bidding on government research and development contracts. In 1960, the operation moved to a new site in Mt. Lebanon, Pa., and continued efforts to land a major development contract.
In 1961, NASA's Space Nuclear Propulsion Office's project NERVA, in conjunction with the Atomic Energy Commission, jointly awarded Aerojet General Corporation the prime contract for its Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application NERVA Program, with a significant subcontract to WANL for development of the reactor itself. With the award, WANL selected the Large site as the base for operations and moved its personnel to the facility. Originally authorized in May 1959, WANL officially became a Westinghouse division on July 26, 1959 under the leadership of John Wistar Simpson. Cornell University physicist Sidney Krasik served as the first technical director and Frank Cotter was the first marketing director. Born in 1914, Simpson graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1937 and earned an MS from the University of Pittsburgh in 1941. Working in the switchgear division of Westinghouse's East Pittsburgh plant, Simpson helped develop the electric switchboards that could survive the extreme impacts experienced by naval vessels in the Pacific Theater during World War II. In 1946, he took a leave of absence to work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to familiarize himself with atomic power. Upon his return, he became assistant manager in the engineering department of the Westinghouse Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. He subsequently managed the construction of the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in 1954, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States. Promoted the next year to general manager of the Bettis Laboratory, he was elected a Westinghouse vice president in 1958 and by 1959 was eager to take on the new challenge of developing nuclear rocket engines to enable the exploration of the solar system.
Under the NERVA contract, the initial objective was to build a rocket engine that could deliver at least 825 seconds of specific impulse, at least 50,000 pounds of thrust, at least 10 minutes of continuous operation at full thrust, and have the ability to start up on its own with no external energy source. Liquid hydrogen served as the propellant that was supplied to the reactor core by turbopumps and also provided regenerative cooling. The cylindrical graphite core was surrounded by twelve rotating control drums with beryllium on one side to reflect neutrons and boral on the other side to absorb neutrons to control the rate of the nuclear reaction in the core. The core consisted of clusters of hexagonal graphite fuel elements containing pyrographite-coated beads of uranium pellets coated with niobium carbide to prevent corrosion by exposure to the hydrogen propellant. Each fuel rod cluster was supported by an inconel tie rod. The fuel pellets were provided by Westinghouse Astrofuel's Cheswick plant in Allegheny County. Fuel element corrosion tests were first conducted at Cheswick, and later at the Westinghouse Waltz Mill facility in Westmoreland County.
The first proof of concept test of an assembled Westinghouse-Aerojet rocket engine (NRX-A2) was conducted at Jackass Flats, Nevada on September 24, 1964 that provided six minutes of continuous operation. By April 23, 1965 the NRX-A3 provided sixteen minutes of operation and a three-minute restart and incorporated pulse cooling for the first time. In 1966 the NRX-A5/EST delivered two separate periods of full power totaling 30 minutes. On December, 1967 the NRX-A6 delivered sixty minutes of operation at full power and on June 11, 1969 the XE engine was started twenty times for a total of three hours and forty-eight minutes, eleven of which were at full power. By 1970, the proposed NERVA I concept vehicle that evolved out of this work was projected to be capable of delivering 1500 MW of power and 75,000 pounds of thrust. It also had a projected lifetime runtime of ten hours and could be started and stopped up to 60 times while delivering a specific impulse of 850 seconds. Its total weight was less than 15,000 pounds. Westinghouse and Aerojet were ready to begin construction of the first flight engines to be launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida beginning in 1973 when the program was canceled. The total amount spent on the project up to that time was $1.45 billion and more than 1,100 people were employed by the project. A NASA plan released in 1969 to land the first humans on Mars by 1981 using the NERVA engines was also quietly shelved at that time. Government funding for the NERVA program was ended in 1972 due to "lack of clear requirements for its capabilities." However, work on the project helped achieve major milestones in developing high-temperature/high-strength materials technology, which finds application in aerospace and a myriad of private-sector industries.
While other innovative projects (such as development of a fully implantable, self-contained, nuclear-powered artificial heart) were pursued into the mid-1970s, WANL ceased operations as a formal Westinghouse division shortly thereafter.
Advanced Energy Systems Division
In 1976, the Company changed the name of the site to the Westinghouse Advanced Energy Systems Division (AESD), making it an R&D site for development of nonconventional renewable energy systems. According to the official announcement, AESD's mission would be "Engineering today's science into tomorrow's power systems." Under the leadership of Max Johnson, General Manager, AESD engineers designed and built prototype devices such as a heliostat, which was designed to concentrate sunlight (by means of a tracking, flat-mirror assembly) onto a fluid-filled tank mounted on a tower. This hot fluid could then be transferred to the ground and used to produce steam, spinning a turbine to generate electricity. [The Division's heliostat design resulted from a DoE sponsored competition in the late 1970s for the best design for use in the proposed "Solar One" power tower project near Barstow, California. A prototype was built at the Large site and shipped to the Mojave Desert for testing, but another design ultimately was selected.]
Among AESD's successes was the winning site and conceptual design proposal for the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah [now part of Newnan], Coweta County, Georgia, south of Atlanta along I-85. Financed as a joint project by Georgia Power Company (part of Southern Company) and the U.S. Department of Energy, STEP operated from 1982 until 1989. Covering more than , it was the world's largest solar thermal cogeneration project. It consisted of 114 tracking parabolic-dish collectors (7 m dia), which heated a transfer fluid that produced high-pressure steam for generating electricity that was fed to an adjacent knitwear factory owned and operated by Bleyle of Germany. Downstream of the turbine, medium-pressure steam was piped to the plant for knitwear pressing, and low-pressure steam was used to provide air conditioning. The project was dismantled in 1989 when the turbine failed and there were no funds to replace it or provide other needed maintenance on the facility.
Other work conducted at AESD included testing of nickel metal hydride battery prototypes. A phosphoric acid fuel cell was designed, built, and tested successfully. Dendritic web silicon photocells were built and tested, and that business was later sold and transferred to Solar Power Industries Inc. of West Newton, Pa. AESD engineers also built a prototype for a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system utilizing hot plasma gases emitted by a coal-fired power plant. The exhaust gasses passed through a copper plate channel, generating additional electricity [up to 30%].
Advanced Power Systems Divisions
During the time that AESD was active, the Large site also housed the Westinghouse Fusion Power Systems Department (FPSD), which had a role in development and startup of the Tokamak Reactor at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in 1982. Along with the Advanced Coal Conversion Department (ACCD) and Advanced Reactors Division (ARD), AESD and FPSD constituted the Company's Advanced Power Systems Business Unit (APSBU), which was based at the Company's Waltz Mill Site in Madison, Pennsylvania, along I-70 a few miles west of the New Stanton interchange of the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76).
ACCD operated a coal gasification process demonstration unit (PDU), which was funded by DoE in the early 1970s, and conducted related research projects. ARD had the development contract for the planned Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) project at Clinch River, Tennessee, near the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
The PDU gasifier was eventually sold to Kellogg-Rust, which operated it as Kellogg-Rust-Westinghouse and later KRW Energy Systems. Funding for the LMFBR project was discontinued in 1983, and ARD was merged into AESD at the Large site under Dr. W. Howard Arnold. At the same time, a new Waste Technology Services Division (WTSD), under Leo P. Duffy, was formed to address nuclear waste handling and disposal issues. Both Arnold and Duffy had decades of nuclear-related experience with Westinghouse at Bettis, WANL, and government labs.
1980s and beyond
John Yasinsky, general manager of ACCD in the late 1970s, became general manager of the Advanced Power Systems Divisions in the early 1980s and was named CEO of Westinghouse Electric Corporation in the early 1990s. By 1995, Yasinsky had moved on to become chairman and CEO of GenCorp Inc., and Westinghouse acquired and merged with Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), took the name CBS, and began selling off all nonbroadcast operations. This marked the end of the heritage Westinghouse Electric Corporation, although the name "Westinghouse" endures in various forms for companies in business sectors as diverse as commercial nuclear power, light bulbs, and large and small appliances.
The former WANL/AESD/FPSD Large site closed for good in the early 1990s, and space was leased to a range of commercial tenants. In 1994, a group of former employees at the site formed Pittsburgh Materials Technology Inc. (PMTI) to build upon the capabilities developed by Westinghouse, including advanced refractory metal alloys. As of 2007, PMTI was still melting, processing and testing alloys such as niobium-base, tantalum-base, and vanadium-base compositions for a range of customers, particularly in the aerospace sector.
In May 2010, PMTI was acquired by Lancaster, Pennsylvania based Thermacore Inc.
References
External links
Histories of the Astronuclear program
Engineering companies of the United States
Economy of Pittsburgh
Research institutes in Pennsylvania
Science parks in the United States |
Charpahadi Bazyaft is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census of India, Charpahadi Bazyaft has 39 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 63.45%.
References
Villages in Berasia tehsil |
Henry Dove D.D. was an English priest in the 17th century.
The nephew of Bishop John Pearson, Dove was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was incorporated at Oxford in 1669. He became the incumbent at St Bride's Church in the City of London in 1673; and Archdeacon of Richmond in 1678. He was Chaplain to Charles II, James II and William and Mary.
Dove died on 11 March 1694.
Notes
17th-century English Anglican priests
Archdeacons of Richmond
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Honorary Chaplains to the King
Year of birth missing
1694 deaths |
Louves Minproff de Yaoundé, usually referred to simply as Louves Minproff, is a Cameroonian women's football club based in Yaoundé.
The team, which takes its name from the initials of the Minister of Women's Empowerment and the Family (, Minproff), plays in the Guinness Super League. Louves translates from French as 'she-wolves'.
During its history the club has won five titles (2011, 2012, 2015, 2019 and 2020) and five domestic cups (2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019.
Current squad
References
Women's football in Cameroon
Women's football clubs in Cameroon |
Autopista TF-5 is a motorway in the Canary Islands, in the north of Tenerife, running from Santa Cruz de Tenerife to Puerto de la Cruz. Most of the motorway is a Controlled-access highway or expressway, with some single carriageway remaining west of Puerto de la Cruz.
TF-5 begins in Santa Cruz de Tenerife with westbound traffic merging off from Av Tres de Mayor and ends with the motorway splitting between TF42 Motorway and TF82 Motorway in Puerto de la Cruz.
At present, it is the motorway that supports the highest traffic density in the Canary Islands, with stretches in which around 100,000 cars per day circulate.
Exits
From Santa Cruz de Tenerife to Los Realejos TF5 has numbered exits.
References
TF-5
TF-5 |
Jason Sechrest (born November 26, 1979, Columbus, Indiana) is an author and journalist. He began his writing career at 15 years old as a staff writer for Femme Fatales, an entertainment publication. He interviewed actresses from horror B movies, science-fiction and fantasy films. In 2016, he was hired by Cemetery Dance Publications to write a regular column called “What I Learned From Stephen King” In it, he explores the wisdom, life lessons, and spirituality hidden within Stephen King’s many works.
In 2017, Sechrest became a published author of horror fiction. His short horror story "Jonah Inside the Whale: A Meditation" was published by Scarlet Galleon Publications in the paperback horror anthology, Fearful Fathoms: Collected Tales of Aquatic Terror (Volume One).
Sechrest currently owns and operates the website SechrestThings.com, dedicated to his insights on the horror genre.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Bisexual male writers
American columnists
Journalists from Los Angeles
American bisexual writers |
Kuimetsa Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park situated in Rapla County, Estonia.
Its area is 46 ha.
The protected area was designated in 1959 to protect Kuimetsa Karst Area and its surrounding areas. In 2007, the protected area was redesigned to the landscape conservation area.
References
Nature reserves in Estonia
Geography of Rapla County |
```css
table.dataTable tbody > tr.selected,
table.dataTable tbody > tr > .selected {
background-color: #08C;
}
table.dataTable.stripe tbody > tr.odd.selected,
table.dataTable.stripe tbody > tr.odd > .selected, table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.odd.selected,
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.odd > .selected {
background-color: #0085c7;
}
table.dataTable.hover tbody > tr.selected:hover,
table.dataTable.hover tbody > tr > .selected:hover, table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.selected:hover,
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr > .selected:hover {
background-color: #0083c5;
}
table.dataTable.order-column tbody > tr.selected > .sorting_1,
table.dataTable.order-column tbody > tr.selected > .sorting_2,
table.dataTable.order-column tbody > tr.selected > .sorting_3,
table.dataTable.order-column tbody > tr > .selected, table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.selected > .sorting_1,
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.selected > .sorting_2,
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.selected > .sorting_3,
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr > .selected {
background-color: #0085c8;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.odd.selected > .sorting_1, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.odd.selected > .sorting_1 {
background-color: #0081c1;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.odd.selected > .sorting_2, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.odd.selected > .sorting_2 {
background-color: #0082c2;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.odd.selected > .sorting_3, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.odd.selected > .sorting_3 {
background-color: #0083c4;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.even.selected > .sorting_1, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.even.selected > .sorting_1 {
background-color: #0085c8;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.even.selected > .sorting_2, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.even.selected > .sorting_2 {
background-color: #0086ca;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.even.selected > .sorting_3, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.even.selected > .sorting_3 {
background-color: #0087cb;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.odd > .selected, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.odd > .selected {
background-color: #0081c1;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.even > .selected, table.dataTable.order-column.stripe tbody > tr.even > .selected {
background-color: #0085c8;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.selected:hover > .sorting_1, table.dataTable.order-column.hover tbody > tr.selected:hover > .sorting_1 {
background-color: #007dbb;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.selected:hover > .sorting_2, table.dataTable.order-column.hover tbody > tr.selected:hover > .sorting_2 {
background-color: #007ebd;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr.selected:hover > .sorting_3, table.dataTable.order-column.hover tbody > tr.selected:hover > .sorting_3 {
background-color: #007fbf;
}
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr:hover > .selected,
table.dataTable.display tbody > tr > .selected:hover, table.dataTable.order-column.hover tbody > tr:hover > .selected,
table.dataTable.order-column.hover tbody > tr > .selected:hover {
background-color: #007dbb;
}
table.dataTable tbody td.select-checkbox,
table.dataTable tbody th.select-checkbox {
position: relative;
}
table.dataTable tbody td.select-checkbox:before, table.dataTable tbody td.select-checkbox:after,
table.dataTable tbody th.select-checkbox:before,
table.dataTable tbody th.select-checkbox:after {
display: block;
position: absolute;
top: 1.2em;
left: 50%;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
table.dataTable tbody td.select-checkbox:before,
table.dataTable tbody th.select-checkbox:before {
content: ' ';
margin-top: -6px;
margin-left: -6px;
border: 1px solid black;
border-radius: 3px;
}
table.dataTable tr.selected td.select-checkbox:after,
table.dataTable tr.selected th.select-checkbox:after {
content: '\2714';
margin-top: -11px;
margin-left: -4px;
text-align: center;
text-shadow: 1px 1px #B0BED9, -1px -1px #B0BED9, 1px -1px #B0BED9, -1px 1px #B0BED9;
}
div.dataTables_wrapper span.select-info,
div.dataTables_wrapper span.select-item {
margin-left: 0.5em;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 640px) {
div.dataTables_wrapper span.select-info,
div.dataTables_wrapper span.select-item {
margin-left: 0;
display: block;
}
}
table.dataTable tbody tr.selected,
table.dataTable tbody th.selected,
table.dataTable tbody td.selected {
color: white;
}
table.dataTable tbody tr.selected a,
table.dataTable tbody th.selected a,
table.dataTable tbody td.selected a {
color: #a2d4ed;
}
``` |
Linoë was a city and episcopal see in the Roman province of Bithynia Secunda and is now a titular see.
History
It is known only from the Notitiae Episcopatuum which mention it as late as the twelfth and thirteenth centuries as a suffragan of the archbishopric of Nicaea. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian must have raised it to the rank of a city.
It is probably the modern Turkish town of Bilecik, a station on the Hnidar-Pasha railway to Konya. It became an important centre for the cultivation of the silk-worm.
Lequien (Oriens christianus, I, 657) mentions four bishops of Linoe:
Anastasius, who attended a Council of Constantinople in 692
Leo, at the Second Council of Nicea in 787
Basil and Cyril, the one a partisan of St. Ignatius, the other of Photius, at the Fourth Council of Constantinople in 879.
References
Sources
Catholic titular sees in Asia |
Andrey Albertovich Muchnik (February 24, 1958 – March 18, 2007) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician known for his contributions to mathematical logic. He was awarded the A. N. Kolmogorov Prize in 2006.
Biography
Muchnik was born on February 24, 1958 to Albert Abramovich Muchnik and Nadezhda Mitrofanovna Ermolaeva. Both of his parents were mathematicians and students of P. S. Novikov. His father, Albert Muchnik, solved Post's problem about the existence of a non-trivial enumerable degree of Turing reducibility.
He entered Moscow State University, where he began working as a mathematician at the seminar of Evgenii Landis and Yulij Ilyashenko for junior students of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Lomonosov Moscow State University. His first work on differential equations was done in the second year under the guidance of Yu. S. Ilyashenko.
Starting from the third year, he specialized in the definability theory at the Department of Mathematical Logic, where Alexei Semenov was his supervisor. His diploma (1981) was about the solution of the problem posed by Michael Rabin at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice to eliminate transfinite induction in the proof of Rabin's most important theorem on the solvability of the monadic theory of infinite tree. Later, Muchnik used his approach to prove a generalization of Rabin's theorem announced by Shelah and Stupp. Using the original idea of Alfred Tarski, he introduced in the notion of self-definability to obtain a short and elegant proof of Cobham-Semenov theorem.
Later, he worked at the Institute of New Technologies and the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the problem of cybernetics. Eventually, he was one of the leaders of the Kolmogorov seminar at Moscow State University.
Muchnik also contributed fundamental results in the field of algorithmic information theory (Kolmogorov complexity). Many results obtained by himself and in collaboration with colleagues were published after his death.
Awards
Andrey was awarded the A.N. Kolmogorov Prize Laureate (together with Alexei Semenov, 2006) - for outstanding achievements in the field of mathematics for the series of works "On the refinement of A.N. Kolmogorov, related to the theory of chance".
References
External links
Muchnik, Andrei Albertovich on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Persons: Muchnik Andrey Albertovich. mathnet.ru. Retrieved 2016-3-15.
Russian mathematicians
Soviet mathematicians
Moscow State University alumni
Academic staff of Moscow State University
1958 births
2007 deaths |
Nandeesha () is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Om Saiprakash, starring
Komal Kumar, Parul Yadav and Malavika in lead roles. The film is a remake of the Malayalam film Thilakkam (2003).
Cast
Komal Kumar as Nandeesha
Parul Yadav as Sonia
Malavika as Kavya
Beha Bachani
Srinivasa Murthy as Nanjundaswamy
Ramesh Bhat as Hanumanthaiah
Music
Reception
Critical response
The Times of India scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says "Komal has done an excellent job as Nandeesha, but disappoints as Vishwa. Malavika scores over Parul in acting. Srinivasamurthy and Ramesh Bhat have done justice to their roles. Music by Hamsalekha is okay. Selvam’s camera work passes muster" Bangalore Mirror wrote "The biggest disappointment in the film is Hamsalekha. Neither his music or lyrics has even a touch of his magic. Has Sandalwood passed by him? In one of the songs, Komal seems to be imitating Ravichandran. His combination with Parul does not recreate Pyarge Aagibittaite. Veterans Srinivas Murthy and Ramesh Bhat stand out with their performances". Srikanth Srinivasa of Rediff.comscored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Srinivasa Murthy has acted well and so has Ramesh Bhat. The songs are forgettable and the one redeeming feature in the movie is the lush green locations and snowy mountains of Switzerland. Nandisha is a disappointingly mediocre film from an established director". News18 India wrote "'Nandeesha' fails to entertain the audience mainly because of a poor script and ordinary technical values". Shruti I L of DNA wrote "Nandeesha could have been the perfect grand finale but instead it turns out to be a dampener. This time even Komal fails to entertain!" BS Srivani of Deccan Herald wrote "Veterans Srinivasamurthy and Ramesh Bhat shoulder the entire film. Manikant Kadri’s background score is impressive. Hamsalekha’s music and lyrics are in a zone of their own. Nandeesha disappoints".
References
2010s Kannada-language films
2012 films
Kannada remakes of Malayalam films
Films directed by Sai Prakash |
```php
<?php
/**
*/
namespace OCA\DAV\DAV;
use Exception;
use OCA\DAV\CalDAV\Calendar;
use OCA\DAV\CalDAV\DefaultCalendarValidator;
use OCA\DAV\Connector\Sabre\Directory;
use OCA\DAV\Connector\Sabre\FilesPlugin;
use OCP\DB\QueryBuilder\IQueryBuilder;
use OCP\IDBConnection;
use OCP\IUser;
use Sabre\DAV\Exception as DavException;
use Sabre\DAV\PropertyStorage\Backend\BackendInterface;
use Sabre\DAV\PropFind;
use Sabre\DAV\PropPatch;
use Sabre\DAV\Server;
use Sabre\DAV\Tree;
use Sabre\DAV\Xml\Property\Complex;
use Sabre\DAV\Xml\Property\Href;
use Sabre\DAV\Xml\Property\LocalHref;
use Sabre\Xml\ParseException;
use Sabre\Xml\Service as XmlService;
use function array_intersect;
class CustomPropertiesBackend implements BackendInterface {
/** @var string */
private const TABLE_NAME = 'properties';
/**
* Value is stored as string.
*/
public const PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING = 1;
/**
* Value is stored as XML fragment.
*/
public const PROPERTY_TYPE_XML = 2;
/**
* Value is stored as a property object.
*/
public const PROPERTY_TYPE_OBJECT = 3;
/**
* Value is stored as a {DAV:}href string.
*/
public const PROPERTY_TYPE_HREF = 4;
/**
* Ignored properties
*
* @var string[]
*/
private const IGNORED_PROPERTIES = [
'{DAV:}getcontentlength',
'{DAV:}getcontenttype',
'{DAV:}getetag',
'{DAV:}quota-used-bytes',
'{DAV:}quota-available-bytes',
'{path_to_url}permissions',
'{path_to_url}downloadURL',
'{path_to_url}dDC',
'{path_to_url}size',
'{path_to_url}is-encrypted',
// Currently, returning null from any propfind handler would still trigger the backend,
// so we add all known Nextcloud custom properties in here to avoid that
// text app
'{path_to_url}rich-workspace',
'{path_to_url}rich-workspace-file',
// groupfolders
'{path_to_url}acl-enabled',
'{path_to_url}acl-can-manage',
'{path_to_url}acl-list',
'{path_to_url}inherited-acl-list',
'{path_to_url}group-folder-id',
// files_lock
'{path_to_url}lock',
'{path_to_url}lock-owner-type',
'{path_to_url}lock-owner',
'{path_to_url}lock-owner-displayname',
'{path_to_url}lock-owner-editor',
'{path_to_url}lock-time',
'{path_to_url}lock-timeout',
'{path_to_url}lock-token',
];
/**
* Properties set by one user, readable by all others
*
* @var string[]
*/
private const PUBLISHED_READ_ONLY_PROPERTIES = [
'{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}calendar-availability',
'{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}schedule-default-calendar-URL',
];
/**
* Map of custom XML elements to parse when trying to deserialize an instance of
* \Sabre\DAV\Xml\Property\Complex to find a more specialized PROPERTY_TYPE_*
*/
private const COMPLEX_XML_ELEMENT_MAP = [
'{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}schedule-default-calendar-URL' => Href::class,
];
/**
* @var Tree
*/
private $tree;
/**
* @var IDBConnection
*/
private $connection;
/**
* @var IUser
*/
private $user;
/**
* Properties cache
*
* @var array
*/
private $userCache = [];
private Server $server;
private XmlService $xmlService;
private DefaultCalendarValidator $defaultCalendarValidator;
/**
* @param Tree $tree node tree
* @param IDBConnection $connection database connection
* @param IUser $user owner of the tree and properties
*/
public function __construct(
Server $server,
Tree $tree,
IDBConnection $connection,
IUser $user,
DefaultCalendarValidator $defaultCalendarValidator,
) {
$this->server = $server;
$this->tree = $tree;
$this->connection = $connection;
$this->user = $user;
$this->xmlService = new XmlService();
$this->xmlService->elementMap = array_merge(
$this->xmlService->elementMap,
self::COMPLEX_XML_ELEMENT_MAP,
);
$this->defaultCalendarValidator = $defaultCalendarValidator;
}
/**
* Fetches properties for a path.
*
* @param string $path
* @param PropFind $propFind
* @return void
*/
public function propFind($path, PropFind $propFind) {
$requestedProps = $propFind->get404Properties();
// these might appear
$requestedProps = array_diff(
$requestedProps,
self::IGNORED_PROPERTIES,
);
$requestedProps = array_filter(
$requestedProps,
fn ($prop) => !str_starts_with($prop, FilesPlugin::FILE_METADATA_PREFIX),
);
// substr of calendars/ => path is inside the CalDAV component
// two '/' => this a calendar (no calendar-home nor calendar object)
if (str_starts_with($path, 'calendars/') && substr_count($path, '/') === 2) {
$allRequestedProps = $propFind->getRequestedProperties();
$customPropertiesForShares = [
'{DAV:}displayname',
'{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}calendar-description',
'{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}calendar-timezone',
'{path_to_url}calendar-order',
'{path_to_url}calendar-color',
'{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}schedule-calendar-transp',
];
foreach ($customPropertiesForShares as $customPropertyForShares) {
if (in_array($customPropertyForShares, $allRequestedProps)) {
$requestedProps[] = $customPropertyForShares;
}
}
}
// substr of addressbooks/ => path is inside the CardDAV component
// three '/' => this a addressbook (no addressbook-home nor contact object)
if (str_starts_with($path, 'addressbooks/') && substr_count($path, '/') === 3) {
$allRequestedProps = $propFind->getRequestedProperties();
$customPropertiesForShares = [
'{DAV:}displayname',
];
foreach ($customPropertiesForShares as $customPropertyForShares) {
if (in_array($customPropertyForShares, $allRequestedProps, true)) {
$requestedProps[] = $customPropertyForShares;
}
}
}
// substr of principals/users/ => path is a user principal
// two '/' => this a principal collection (and not some child object)
if (str_starts_with($path, 'principals/users/') && substr_count($path, '/') === 2) {
$allRequestedProps = $propFind->getRequestedProperties();
$customProperties = [
'{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}schedule-default-calendar-URL',
];
foreach ($customProperties as $customProperty) {
if (in_array($customProperty, $allRequestedProps, true)) {
$requestedProps[] = $customProperty;
}
}
}
if (empty($requestedProps)) {
return;
}
$node = $this->tree->getNodeForPath($path);
if ($node instanceof Directory && $propFind->getDepth() !== 0) {
$this->cacheDirectory($path, $node);
}
// First fetch the published properties (set by another user), then get the ones set by
// the current user. If both are set then the latter as priority.
foreach ($this->getPublishedProperties($path, $requestedProps) as $propName => $propValue) {
try {
$this->validateProperty($path, $propName, $propValue);
} catch (DavException $e) {
continue;
}
$propFind->set($propName, $propValue);
}
foreach ($this->getUserProperties($path, $requestedProps) as $propName => $propValue) {
try {
$this->validateProperty($path, $propName, $propValue);
} catch (DavException $e) {
continue;
}
$propFind->set($propName, $propValue);
}
}
/**
* Updates properties for a path
*
* @param string $path
* @param PropPatch $propPatch
*
* @return void
*/
public function propPatch($path, PropPatch $propPatch) {
$propPatch->handleRemaining(function ($changedProps) use ($path) {
return $this->updateProperties($path, $changedProps);
});
}
/**
* This method is called after a node is deleted.
*
* @param string $path path of node for which to delete properties
*/
public function delete($path) {
$statement = $this->connection->prepare(
'DELETE FROM `*PREFIX*properties` WHERE `userid` = ? AND `propertypath` = ?'
);
$statement->execute([$this->user->getUID(), $this->formatPath($path)]);
$statement->closeCursor();
unset($this->userCache[$path]);
}
/**
* This method is called after a successful MOVE
*
* @param string $source
* @param string $destination
*
* @return void
*/
public function move($source, $destination) {
$statement = $this->connection->prepare(
'UPDATE `*PREFIX*properties` SET `propertypath` = ?' .
' WHERE `userid` = ? AND `propertypath` = ?'
);
$statement->execute([$this->formatPath($destination), $this->user->getUID(), $this->formatPath($source)]);
$statement->closeCursor();
}
/**
* Validate the value of a property. Will throw if a value is invalid.
*
* @throws DavException The value of the property is invalid
*/
private function validateProperty(string $path, string $propName, mixed $propValue): void {
switch ($propName) {
case '{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}schedule-default-calendar-URL':
/** @var Href $propValue */
$href = $propValue->getHref();
if ($href === null) {
throw new DavException('Href is empty');
}
// $path is the principal here as this prop is only set on principals
$node = $this->tree->getNodeForPath($href);
if (!($node instanceof Calendar) || $node->getOwner() !== $path) {
throw new DavException('No such calendar');
}
$this->defaultCalendarValidator->validateScheduleDefaultCalendar($node);
break;
}
}
/**
* @param string $path
* @param string[] $requestedProperties
*
* @return array
*/
private function getPublishedProperties(string $path, array $requestedProperties): array {
$allowedProps = array_intersect(self::PUBLISHED_READ_ONLY_PROPERTIES, $requestedProperties);
if (empty($allowedProps)) {
return [];
}
$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
$qb->select('*')
->from(self::TABLE_NAME)
->where($qb->expr()->eq('propertypath', $qb->createNamedParameter($path)));
$result = $qb->executeQuery();
$props = [];
while ($row = $result->fetch()) {
$props[$row['propertyname']] = $this->decodeValueFromDatabase($row['propertyvalue'], $row['valuetype']);
}
$result->closeCursor();
return $props;
}
/**
* prefetch all user properties in a directory
*/
private function cacheDirectory(string $path, Directory $node): void {
$prefix = ltrim($path . '/', '/');
$query = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
$query->select('name', 'propertypath', 'propertyname', 'propertyvalue', 'valuetype')
->from('filecache', 'f')
->leftJoin('f', 'properties', 'p', $query->expr()->andX(
$query->expr()->eq('propertypath', $query->func()->concat(
$query->createNamedParameter($prefix),
'name'
)),
$query->expr()->eq('userid', $query->createNamedParameter($this->user->getUID()))
))
->where($query->expr()->eq('parent', $query->createNamedParameter($node->getInternalFileId(), IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT)));
$result = $query->executeQuery();
$propsByPath = [];
while ($row = $result->fetch()) {
$childPath = $prefix . $row['name'];
if (!isset($propsByPath[$childPath])) {
$propsByPath[$childPath] = [];
}
if (isset($row['propertyname'])) {
$propsByPath[$childPath][$row['propertyname']] = $this->decodeValueFromDatabase($row['propertyvalue'], $row['valuetype']);
}
}
$this->userCache = array_merge($this->userCache, $propsByPath);
}
/**
* Returns a list of properties for the given path and current user
*
* @param string $path
* @param array $requestedProperties requested properties or empty array for "all"
* @return array
* @note The properties list is a list of propertynames the client
* requested, encoded as xmlnamespace#tagName, for example:
* path_to_url#author If the array is empty, all
* properties should be returned
*/
private function getUserProperties(string $path, array $requestedProperties) {
if (isset($this->userCache[$path])) {
return $this->userCache[$path];
}
// TODO: chunking if more than 1000 properties
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM `*PREFIX*properties` WHERE `userid` = ? AND `propertypath` = ?';
$whereValues = [$this->user->getUID(), $this->formatPath($path)];
$whereTypes = [null, null];
if (!empty($requestedProperties)) {
// request only a subset
$sql .= ' AND `propertyname` in (?)';
$whereValues[] = $requestedProperties;
$whereTypes[] = IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR_ARRAY;
}
$result = $this->connection->executeQuery(
$sql,
$whereValues,
$whereTypes
);
$props = [];
while ($row = $result->fetch()) {
$props[$row['propertyname']] = $this->decodeValueFromDatabase($row['propertyvalue'], $row['valuetype']);
}
$result->closeCursor();
$this->userCache[$path] = $props;
return $props;
}
/**
* @throws Exception
*/
private function updateProperties(string $path, array $properties): bool {
// TODO: use "insert or update" strategy ?
$existing = $this->getUserProperties($path, []);
try {
$this->connection->beginTransaction();
foreach ($properties as $propertyName => $propertyValue) {
// common parameters for all queries
$dbParameters = [
'userid' => $this->user->getUID(),
'propertyPath' => $this->formatPath($path),
'propertyName' => $propertyName,
];
// If it was null, we need to delete the property
if (is_null($propertyValue)) {
if (array_key_exists($propertyName, $existing)) {
$deleteQuery = $deleteQuery ?? $this->createDeleteQuery();
$deleteQuery
->setParameters($dbParameters)
->executeStatement();
}
} else {
[$value, $valueType] = $this->encodeValueForDatabase(
$path,
$propertyName,
$propertyValue,
);
$dbParameters['propertyValue'] = $value;
$dbParameters['valueType'] = $valueType;
if (!array_key_exists($propertyName, $existing)) {
$insertQuery = $insertQuery ?? $this->createInsertQuery();
$insertQuery
->setParameters($dbParameters)
->executeStatement();
} else {
$updateQuery = $updateQuery ?? $this->createUpdateQuery();
$updateQuery
->setParameters($dbParameters)
->executeStatement();
}
}
}
$this->connection->commit();
unset($this->userCache[$path]);
} catch (Exception $e) {
$this->connection->rollBack();
throw $e;
}
return true;
}
/**
* long paths are hashed to ensure they fit in the database
*
* @param string $path
* @return string
*/
private function formatPath(string $path): string {
if (strlen($path) > 250) {
return sha1($path);
}
return $path;
}
/**
* @throws ParseException If parsing a \Sabre\DAV\Xml\Property\Complex value fails
* @throws DavException If the property value is invalid
*/
private function encodeValueForDatabase(string $path, string $name, mixed $value): array {
// Try to parse a more specialized property type first
if ($value instanceof Complex) {
$xml = $this->xmlService->write($name, [$value], $this->server->getBaseUri());
$value = $this->xmlService->parse($xml, $this->server->getBaseUri()) ?? $value;
}
if ($name === '{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav}schedule-default-calendar-URL') {
$value = $this->encodeDefaultCalendarUrl($value);
}
try {
$this->validateProperty($path, $name, $value);
} catch (DavException $e) {
throw new DavException(
"Property \"$name\" has an invalid value: " . $e->getMessage(),
0,
$e,
);
}
if (is_scalar($value)) {
$valueType = self::PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING;
} elseif ($value instanceof Complex) {
$valueType = self::PROPERTY_TYPE_XML;
$value = $value->getXml();
} elseif ($value instanceof Href) {
$valueType = self::PROPERTY_TYPE_HREF;
$value = $value->getHref();
} else {
$valueType = self::PROPERTY_TYPE_OBJECT;
$value = serialize($value);
}
return [$value, $valueType];
}
/**
* @return mixed|Complex|string
*/
private function decodeValueFromDatabase(string $value, int $valueType) {
switch ($valueType) {
case self::PROPERTY_TYPE_XML:
return new Complex($value);
case self::PROPERTY_TYPE_HREF:
return new Href($value);
case self::PROPERTY_TYPE_OBJECT:
return unserialize($value);
case self::PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING:
default:
return $value;
}
}
private function encodeDefaultCalendarUrl(Href $value): Href {
$href = $value->getHref();
if ($href === null) {
return $value;
}
if (!str_starts_with($href, '/')) {
return $value;
}
try {
// Build path relative to the dav base URI to be used later to find the node
$value = new LocalHref($this->server->calculateUri($href) . '/');
} catch (DavException\Forbidden) {
// Not existing calendars will be handled later when the value is validated
}
return $value;
}
private function createDeleteQuery(): IQueryBuilder {
$deleteQuery = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
$deleteQuery->delete('properties')
->where($deleteQuery->expr()->eq('userid', $deleteQuery->createParameter('userid')))
->andWhere($deleteQuery->expr()->eq('propertypath', $deleteQuery->createParameter('propertyPath')))
->andWhere($deleteQuery->expr()->eq('propertyname', $deleteQuery->createParameter('propertyName')));
return $deleteQuery;
}
private function createInsertQuery(): IQueryBuilder {
$insertQuery = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
$insertQuery->insert('properties')
->values([
'userid' => $insertQuery->createParameter('userid'),
'propertypath' => $insertQuery->createParameter('propertyPath'),
'propertyname' => $insertQuery->createParameter('propertyName'),
'propertyvalue' => $insertQuery->createParameter('propertyValue'),
'valuetype' => $insertQuery->createParameter('valueType'),
]);
return $insertQuery;
}
private function createUpdateQuery(): IQueryBuilder {
$updateQuery = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
$updateQuery->update('properties')
->set('propertyvalue', $updateQuery->createParameter('propertyValue'))
->set('valuetype', $updateQuery->createParameter('valueType'))
->where($updateQuery->expr()->eq('userid', $updateQuery->createParameter('userid')))
->andWhere($updateQuery->expr()->eq('propertypath', $updateQuery->createParameter('propertyPath')))
->andWhere($updateQuery->expr()->eq('propertyname', $updateQuery->createParameter('propertyName')));
return $updateQuery;
}
}
``` |
Agriocnemis rubricauda is a species of Australian damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae,
commonly known as a red-rumped wisp.
It is a small damselfly; the male has a red end to his tail.
It has been recorded from northern Australia
where it inhabits boggy seepages and swamps.
Etymology
The species name rubricauda is derived from two Latin words: ruber meaning red; and cauda meaning tail. In 1913, Robin Tillyard named this species after the brilliant red segments at the end of a male abdomen.
Gallery
See also
List of Odonata species of Australia
References
Coenagrionidae
Odonata of Australia
Insects of Australia
Endemic fauna of Australia
Taxa named by Robert John Tillyard
Insects described in 1913
Damselflies |
```rust
//! This module exposes functions for building standard operations.
//!
//! Each operation has a struct which can be used as a builder and allows
//! setting optional attributes:
//!
//! ```ignore
//! MatMul::new().transpose_a(true).build(a, b, &mut scope)?;
//! ```
//!
//! and a function which is shorter when no attributes need to be set:
//!
//! ```ignore
//! mat_mul(a, b, &mut scope)
//! ```
//!
//! Note that for some ops, the builder may always be required, because
//! the op has required attributes with no default specified.
mod math_ops;
pub use math_ops::*;
mod random_ops;
pub use random_ops::*;
#[allow(
clippy::double_parens,
clippy::too_many_arguments,
clippy::wrong_self_convention
)]
mod ops_impl;
pub use ops_impl::*;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn device() {
let op = no_op(&mut crate::Scope::new_root_scope().with_device("foo")).unwrap();
assert_eq!(op.device().unwrap(), "foo");
}
}
``` |
Two-Bit Waltz is a 2014 American comedy, drama film, written and directed by Clara Mamet in her directorial debut. It stars Mamet, Jared Gilman, Rebecca Pidgeon, David Paymer and William H. Macy. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 19, 2014, and was released in a limited release on October 24, 2014, by Monterey Media.
Premise
Maude (Clara Mamet) is suspended from school, loses a friend, has a broken heart, and lack of inspiration for her novel leads to her downfall.
Cast
Clara Mamet as Maude
Jared Gilman as Bernie
Rebecca Pidgeon as Anita
David Paymer as The Lawyer
William H. Macy as Carl
Ella Dershowitz as Jenny
John Pirruccello as The Therapist
Matt Malloy as Guidance Counselor
Matt O'Leary as Max
Jason Pickar as Rabbi
Production
In 2012, an Indiegogo campaign was set up for the film announcing Clara Mamet would direct the film from a screenplay she had written and star with William H. Macy, Jared Gilman, Rebecca Pidgeon and John Pirruccello, with Eric B. Fleischman producing. It was however unsuccessful only making only $10,268 out of a $115,000 goal.
Release
The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 19, 2014. Shortly after Monterey Media acquired distribution rights to the film. It was released in a limited release on October 24, 2014.
References
External links
2014 films
2014 comedy-drama films
American comedy-drama films
American independent films
2014 directorial debut films
2014 independent films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films |
Lubomira Bacheva and Cristina Torrens Valero were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Laurence Courtois and Elena Tatarkova.
Tathiana Garbin and Janette Husárová won in the final 6–1, 6–3 against Zsófia Gubacsi and Dragana Zarić.
Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
Alexandra Fusai / Rita Grande (quarterfinals)
Tathiana Garbin / Janette Husárová (champions)
Kristie Boogert / Miriam Oremans (quarterfinals)
Karina Habšudová / Magdalena Maleeva (first round)
Draw
External links
2001 Colortex Budapest Grand Prix Doubles draw
Budapest Grand Prix
2001 WTA Tour |
```ruby
require_relative "../../../spec_helper"
platform_is :windows do
require 'win32ole'
describe "WIN32OLE_METHOD#return_type" do
before :each do
ole_type = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new("Microsoft Scripting Runtime", "File")
@m_file_name = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(ole_type, "name")
end
it "raises ArgumentError if argument is given" do
-> { @m_file_name.return_type(1) }.should raise_error ArgumentError
end
it "returns expected value for Scripting Runtime's 'name' method" do
@m_file_name.return_type.should == 'BSTR'
end
end
end
``` |
The Turnbull-Ritter House (also known as the Sunrise Plantation) is a historic house located northwest of Lamont, Florida, off U.S. 19.
Description and history
The -story Classical Revival style house was built around 1856. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 18, 1979.
References
External links
Jefferson County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Jefferson County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Florida
Houses in Jefferson County, Florida |
Fargate is a pedestrian precinct and shopping area in Sheffield, England. It runs between Barker's Pool and High Street opposite the cathedral. It was pedestrianised in 1973.
Fargate also holds a Continental Market approximately 4 times a year, which includes European stalls selling cheeses, confectionery, clothing, plants and crafts including jewellery and ornaments.
History
Joseph Woolhouse, in his "A Description of the Town of Sheffield", written in 1832 while the cholera was raging in Sheffield:
More recently, the street was home to Sheffield Assay Office.
Coles Corner
The corner at bottom the end of Fargate (opposite the cathedral) is known locally as Coles Corner. It was a famous meeting point in the city named after the Cole Brothers department store that occupied the building before it moved in 1963 to Barker's Pool (on the plot originally occupied by the Albert Hall cinema, which burnt down in 1937)
The Fargate site is now home to a modern building, which currently houses Pret a Manger, Starbucks Coffee, Vodafone and The Carphone Warehouse. A plaque has been erected in memory of the old Cole Brothers store. The location was immortalised by Richard Hawley's album and song.
Carmel House
In November 2005, the University of Sheffield´s archaeological consultancy, ARCUS, unearthed a medieval well of over three metres in depth in the sandstone bedrock beneath Carmel House on Fargate. The Sheffield city centre site was being excavated as part of a redevelopment project.
Pottery found in the well suggested that it was in use by 1300 AD, and had been filled in around the time of the English Civil War. Medieval pots included jugs made in the Hallgate area of nearby Doncaster and other items from the Humber Estuary.
This discovery was said to offer significant evidence relating to the medieval town of Sheffield, still a small market town, before its growth during the subsequent Industrial Revolution. Dating of the well indicates that it was probably dug around the time of the rebuilding of Sheffield Castle in stone, in 1270, and the granting of Sheffield's Market Charter by Edward I in 1296.
Due to the conditions in the well, animal bones and plant remains (possibly including microscopic pollen grains) were preserved and analysed by the University's Department of Archaeology laboratories.
In February 2005, Sheffield City Council's Executive Director of Development and Leisure had commented, "Carmel House, at the junction of Fargate and Norfolk Row is an imposing Victorian stone fronted Grade II listed building which, together with the adjoining terrace of attractive Georgian brick properties, is almost completely empty and is in need of refurbishment. Full planning permission was granted in January 2004 for a comprehensive scheme which will involve creating four new modern retail units by demolishing the existing buildings behind the retained façade."
The Council's Conservation Advisory Group "regretted that its advice regarding the development of Carmel House had not been taken into account and it wondered whether Carmel House would be liable to be removed from the List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, in view of the extent of demolition which had taken place."
Goodwin Fountain
The Goodwin Fountain stood on Fargate from 1961 to 1998. It was paid for by a donation by industrialist Sir Stuart Goodwin and his wife, and was originally dedicated to Alderman James Sterling, but the informal name stuck and was eventually made official. It was replaced by a new fountain, bearing the same name, in the nearby Peace Gardens.
Ferris wheel
The Wheel of Sheffield was a tall Ferris wheel assembled on Fargate in mid-July 2009 in ten days and remained at the top of the pedestrian street until January 2010. It had 42 gondolas, each capable of carrying up to eight people.
References
Sheffield City Centre
Streets in Sheffield
Tourist attractions in Sheffield |
```yaml
name: Stacks
description: 'Your personal To Do and Project Manager.'
website: 'path_to_url
category: 'Productivity'
keywords:
- task
- task manager
- project
- project management
- stacks
- kanban
``` |
```smalltalk
//
// SKKeyframeSequence helpers
//
// Authors:
// Sebastien Pouliot <sebastien@xamarin.com>
//
//
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
#if !NO_SYSTEM_DRAWING
using System.Drawing;
#endif
using Foundation;
using ObjCRuntime;
#nullable enable
namespace SpriteKit {
public partial class SKKeyframeSequence {
[DesignatedInitializer]
public SKKeyframeSequence (NSObject [] values, NSNumber [] times) :
this (values, NSArray.FromNSObjects (times))
{
}
[DesignatedInitializer]
public SKKeyframeSequence (NSObject [] values, float [] times) :
this (values, NSArray.From (times))
{
}
[DesignatedInitializer]
public SKKeyframeSequence (NSObject [] values, double [] times) :
this (values, NSArray.From (times))
{
}
}
}
``` |
Cliff McNish is an English author of fantasy and supernatural novels for young adults. His best-known works include the 2006 ghost novel Breathe, The Silver Sequence, and The Doomspell Trilogy, which has been translated into 26 languages.
Early life and education
McNish was born in Sunderland in the north-east of England. His father, a Marine Engineer, moved south a year later with his wife, and McNish spent most of his childhood in the south east of England.
Career
McNish started writing in 1998 and has been a full-time author since 2003, combining writing with visiting workshops in schools on writing fiction.
Between 2000 and 2003 he released The Doomspell Trilogy, a fantasy trilogy for middle-grade readers consisting of The Doomspell, The Scent of Magic, and The Wizard's Promise, set partly on Earth and also on the Witch Worlds of Ithrea and Ool. The Doomspell novels have been published in 26 languages, with wide readership in the UK and Japan. McNish has cited The Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis as an influence on the style and characterisation of the trilogy.
The Silver Sequence (2003–2005) followed on immediately from the Doomspell Trilogy, and is a science fiction trilogy primarily for middle-grade and lower-teen readers, consisting of The Silver Child, Silver City, and Silver World. The trilogy concerns six children with unusual powers who are battling to prevent a single vast entity from destroying all life on Earth.
McNish's first stand-alone novel, Breathe: A Ghost Story, was released in 2006, and focuses on a group of ghost children trapped in a house by a Ghost Mother. The book won the Calderdale Award, the Virginia Readers' Choice Award, the Salford Award, and was shortlisted for the Rhode Island Teen Book Award and the Texas Lonestar Awards. In May 2013, Breathe was selected by the UK School Librarians' Network as one of the top 100 adult and children's novels of all time.
This was followed in 2008 by Angel, a teen fantasy novel about a 14-year-old girl whose life is shaped by two angels. The novel incorporates darker themes of teen angst, bullying, and how to behave in the world, and was shortlisted for the North East Teenage fiction Award and the Tayshas Reading List.
Savannah Grey (2010) is a teen horror novel about a 14-year-old girl who is stalked by three monsters. It was nominated for the Carnegie Award in 2011.
The Hunting Ground (2011) is a second ghost novel aimed at older teens, about two brothers who move into an old house inhabited by the ghosts of children who previously died there. It won the Calderdale Award (2013) and the Hillingdon Secondary Book of the Year Award (2013). It was shortlisted for the Lancashire Book of the Year and the Bay Book Award.
Going Home (2014) is a departure from McNish's previous style, a comedy about four dogs stuck in a rescue centre. It was released with illustrations by Trish Phillips.
References
External links
Cliff Mcnish's Homepage
British writers of young adult literature
1962 births
Living people
People educated at Cardinal Newman Catholic School, Luton
Writers from Sunderland |
George N. Turner was the 23rd Chief of Police for the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Turner assumed the position as interim chief on January 4, 2010, having been appointed by newly inaugurated Mayor Kasim Reed due to the resignation of Richard Pennington shortly after the Atlanta Eagle police raid. Turner became the permanent police chief on July 9, 2010.
Turner began his career with the Atlanta Police Department in 1981.
In December 2016, Turner announced his retirement. Mayor Reed chose Deputy Chief, Erika Shields as his successor. Shields became chief on December 28, 2016.
Education
Turner was educated in the Atlanta public school system. He has a bachelor's degree from Saint Leo University and a Master of Public Administration degree from Columbus State University.
References
Strategic Move: CSU Master’s Degree Equips Atlanta Police Chief
Living people
People from Atlanta
Chiefs of the Atlanta Police Department
Saint Leo University alumni
Columbus State University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Hans Riemer (2 August 1901 – 26 December 1963) was an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). From 1949 to 1956 he was a member of the Bundesrat and from 1956 to 1963 a member of the city council of Vienna.
Background
Riemer was born in Steyr, the son of a craftsman. He attended school in Vienna and completed a commercial apprenticeship. In 1918 he joined the Socialist Workers Youth, rose to local group chairman and was from 1922 to 1926 chairman of the Vienna State organization. In 1922, Josef Luitpold Stern brought him to the Socialist Education Center, where he built the department of photography and film and led it until 1932. Between 1932 and 1934, Riemer worked as a secretary of the Social Democratic municipal council and the Austrian Town Covenant (Österreichischer Städtebund). Riemer also worked as an editor of the paper "Österreichische Gemeinde-Zeitung".
After the prohibition of the Social Democratic Party, Riemer worked between 1934 and 1943 as an official at the Wiener Städtische Versicherung, an insurance company. He was subsequently drafted to military service, and returned in 1945 from a short American captivity. He became press secretary of the city of Vienna, and wrote a brochure Ewiges Wien in that capacity. In 1948, he was also appointed secretary of the Austrian Town Covenant again. Riemer, who held this office until 1957, was also a member of the Bundesrat between 5 December 1949 and 5 July 1956. He served as president between 1 January 1955 and 20 June 1955.
On 13 April 1956, Riemer took on the role of the municipal council for personnel affairs, administrative and operational reform in the of Franz Jonas. Riemer led the office in the , until he died in office in Vienna in 1963. In addition, Riemer was from 11 December 1959 until his death a member of the Vienna city council (Stadtrat) and a member of the Vienna municipal council (Gemeinderat).
Riemer was buried in a grave of honor () in the Vienna Central Cemetery (Group 14C, No. 25).
Publications
Riemer's books appeared in the , in Vienna.
References
External links
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians
Presidents of the Austrian Federal Council
Members of the Federal Council (Austria)
Politicians from Vienna
1901 births
1963 deaths
People from Steyr
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States |
Kirop is a surname of Kenyan origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Helena Kirop (born 1976), Kenyan marathon runner
Pius Maiyo Kirop (born 1990), Kenyan half marathon runner
Sammy Kirop Kitwara (born 1986), Kenyan road runner
See also
Kiprop
Kalenjin names |
Hemimegalencephaly (HME), or unilateral megalencephaly, is a rare congenital disorder affecting all or a part of a cerebral hemisphere. It causes severe seizures, which are often frequent and hard to control. A minority might have seizure control with medicines, but most will need removal or disconnection of the affected hemisphere as the best chance. Uncontrolled, they often cause progressive intellectual disability and brain damage and stop development.
Symptoms and signs
Seizures are the main symptom. There can be as many as hundreds of seizures a day. Seizures tend to begin soon after birth, but may sometimes commence during later infancy or, rarely, during early childhood.
Other symptoms
Asymmetrical or enlarged head
Developmental delay
Progressive weakness of half the body
Progressive blindness of half the body
Genetics
Somatic activation of AKT3 causes hemispheric developmental brain malformations.
Pathophysiology
It is a disorder related to excessive neuronal proliferation and hamartomatous overgrowth affecting the cortical formation. The excessive proliferation is postulated to occur early and to possibly continue beyond the normal proliferative period. Epidermal growth factor is thought to play an important role in the excessive proliferation and the pathogenesis of HME.
Diagnosis
It should be suspected in infants or children with intractable, frequent seizures. On a CT scan, the affected part is distorted and enlarged. It can be diagnosed prenatally, but a lot of cases go undiagnosed until seizures begin. Ultrasound can display asymmetrical brain hemispheres.
Treatment
Although there have been a few reports of medical treatment, the main treatment is radical: remove or disconnect the affected side. However, it has a high mortality, and there have been reports of a vegetative state and seizures resuming, this time in the healthy hemisphere.
Surgery is usually performed as soon as possible to minimize damage caused by seizures. However, a trial with drugs can be attempted for a few months before surgery, and there is a slim chance of it succeeding. Because brain plasticity decreases with age, the earlier in life the surgery is completed, the more likely it is that the remaining hemisphere will adapt to perform tasks previously completed by the missing hemisphere.
Benzodiazepines might control the seizures.
References
External links
Congenital disorders of nervous system
Neurological disorders
Rare diseases
Syndromes affecting the nervous system |
Nongqawuse (; c. 1841 – 1898) was the Xhosa prophet whose prophecies led to a millenarian movement that culminated in the Xhosa cattle-killing movement and famine of 1856–1857, in what is now Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Early life
Nongqawuse was born in 1841 near the Gxarha River in independent Xhosaland but close to the border of the recently established colony of British Kaffraria in Eastern Cape South Africa. She was Xhosa. Little is known of Nongqawuse's parents, as they died when she was young. According to historian Jeffrey B. Peires, Nongqawuse stated in a deposition that "Mhlakaza was my uncle ... my father's name Umhlanhla of the Kreli tribe. He died when I was young." Nongqawuse’s parents died during the Waterkloof campaigns of the Eighth Frontier War (1850–1853).
Nongqawuse is believed to have been quite conscious and aware of the tensions between the Xhosa and the Cape Colony. During this period, the Xhosa were facing increasing encroachment of their traditional lands by European settlers. The orphaned Nongqawuse was raised by her uncle Mhlakaza, who was the son of a councillor of Xhosa King Sarili kaHintsa.
Mhlakaza was a religious man, a Xhosa spiritualist, who left Xhosaland after his mother's death and spent time in the Cape Colony, where he became familiar with Christianity. He returned to Xhosaland in 1853. Mhlakazi was to have a major influence in Nongqawuse's life, acting as an interpreter and organiser of her visions.
Spiritual experience
In April 1856, 15-year-old Nongqawuse and her friend Nombanda, who was between the ages of 8 and 10, went to scare birds from her uncle's crops in the fields by the sea at the mouth of the Gxarha River in the present day Wild Coast region of South Africa. When she returned, Nongqawuse told Mhlakaza that she had met the spirits of two of her ancestors. She claimed that the spirits had told her that the Xhosa people should destroy their crops and kill their cattle, the source of their wealth as well as food. Nongqawuse claimed that the ancestors who had appeared to them said:
The dead would arise.
All living cattle would have to be slaughtered, having been reared by contaminated hands.
Cultivation would cease.
New grain would have to be dug.
New houses would have to be built.
New cattle enclosures would have to be erected.
New milk sacks would have to be made.
Doors would have to be weaved with buka roots.
People must abandon witchcraft, incest, and adultery.
In return, the spirits would sweep all European settlers into the sea. The Xhosa people would be able to replenish the granaries and fill the kraals with more beautiful and healthier cattle.
Obeying the prophecy
During this time many Xhosa herds were plagued with "lung sickness", possibly introduced by European cattle. Mhlakaza did not believe her at first but when Nongqawuse described one of the men, Mhlakaza (himself a diviner) recognised the description as that of his dead brother, and became convinced she was telling the truth. Mhlakaza repeated the prophecy to Sarili. The cattle-killing frenzy affected not only the Gcaleka, Sarili's clan, but the whole of the Xhosa nation. Historians estimate that the Gcaleka killed between 300,000 and 400,000 head of cattle.
Not all Xhosa people believed Nongqawuse's prophecies. A small minority, known as the amagogotya (stingy ones), refused to slaughter and neglect their crops, and this refusal was used by Nongqawuse to rationalize the failure of the prophecies over a period of fifteen months (April 1856 – June 1857).
Aftermath
Nongqawuse predicted that the ancestors' promise would be fulfilled on February 18, 1857, when the sun would turn red. Initially, after the failure of Nongqawuse's prophecy, her followers blamed those who had not obeyed her instructions. They later turned against her. Chief Sarili visited the Gxarha River mouth, and spoke with Nongqawuse and Mhlakaza. When he returned, he announced that the New World would begin in eight days. On the eighth day the sun would rise, blood-red, and before setting again, there would be a huge thunderstorm, after which "the dead would arise". During the next eight days the cattle-killing rose to a climax. These prophecies also failed to come true.
In the aftermath of the crisis, the population of British Kaffraria dropped from 105,000 to fewer than 27,000 due to the resulting famine. The chief of Bomvana handed Nongqawuse over to Major Gawler and she stayed at his home for a period. One day, Mrs. Gawler decided to dress her, along with the Mpongo prophetess Nonkosi, and have their portrait taken by a photographer. This is the widely circulated image of Nongqawuse that most people are familiar with. After her release, she lived on a farm in the Alexandria district of the eastern Cape. She died in 1898.
Today, the valley where Nongqawuse alleged to have met the spirits is still called Intlambo kaNongqawuse (Xhosa for "Valley of Nongqawuse").
See also
Bulhoek Massacre
Nontetha, Xhosa prophetess
Zakes Mda's novel The Heart of Redness
Ghost Dance, a millennialist movement that called for a return to a pre-colonial era among Native Americans in the West of the United States, inspired by a prophetic dream
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links
1840s births
1898 deaths
19th-century African people
19th-century South African women
Female religious leaders
History of South Africa
Inmates of Robben Island
Prophets
South African religious leaders
Xhosa people
19th-century religious leaders |
Nagbavji is an Indian village. It lies about south-west of India's capital, Delhi. It was the location of a truck accident where 85 Hindu pilgrims were killed after a truck went down a gorge.
References
Villages in Rajasthan |
South River is a borough in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 16,118, an increase of 110 (+0.7%) from the 2010 census count of 16,008, which in turn reflected an increase of 686 (+4.5%) from the 15,322 counted in the 2000 census.
What is now South River was originally formed as the town of Washington within East Brunswick Township on February 23, 1870. South River was incorporated as an independent borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28, 1898, replacing Washington town. It was named after the Raritan River's South River tributary, which marks the borough's eastern and northeastern boundary.
History
South River was originally part of East Brunswick Township. Originally referred to as Washington, the community eventually split away as did Spotswood and Milltown.
From 1683 to 1720, the area was commonly referred to as South River Landing. In 1720, the name Willettstown was adopted after settler Samuel Willett. In 1784, the name was changed to Washington and the area was variously referred to as Washington Village, Washington Woods, and Little Washington. The name was considered at the suggestion of Abraham Barkelew, one of the original settlers in the town. In 1870, the name was changed to South River and on February 28, 1898, South River officially became a borough.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 2.94 square miles (7.61 km2), including 2.79 square miles (7.21 km2) of land and 0.16 square miles (0.40 km2) of water (5.27%).
The borough borders the Middlesex County communities of East Brunswick and Sayreville.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Newton Heights, which is situated along the border of South River and East Brunswick.
Demographics
2010 census
The 2010 United States census counted 16,008 people, 5,652 households, and 4,019 families in the borough. The population density was 5,781.4 per square mile (2,232.2/km2). There were 5,957 housing units at an average density of 2,151.4 per square mile (830.7/km2). The racial makeup was 76.18% (12,195) White, 7.13% (1,142) Black or African American, 0.31% (50) Native American, 4.84% (775) Asian, 0.06% (9) Pacific Islander, 8.18% (1,309) from other races, and 3.30% (528) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.20% (2,913) of the population.
Of the 5,652 households, 32.5% had children under the age of 18; 53.5% were married couples living together; 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present and 28.9% were non-families. Of all households, 22.9% were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.32.
22.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 103.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 101.5 males.
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $62,284 (with a margin of error of +/− $9,691) and the median family income was $78,109 (+/− $8,122). Males had a median income of $51,599 (+/− $6,269) versus $46,014 (+/− $3,025) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $28,178 (+/− $1,766). About 4.4% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States census there were 15,322 people, 5,606 households, and 3,985 families residing in the borough. The population density was . There were 5,769 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the borough was 83.55% White, 9.66% Hispanic or Latino, 6.06% African American, 0.12% Native American, 3.54% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 3.83% from other races, and 2.85% from two or more races.
Most common ancestries of the population are Polish (18.9%), Italian (14.6%), Irish (13.0%), German (12.5%), Portuguese (9.3%), Russian (4.5%).
There were 5,606 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $52,324, and the median income for a family was $62,869. Males had a median income of $42,186 versus $31,098 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $23,684. About 3.7% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.
A large Polish, Russian, and Portuguese immigrant population moved into the borough in the 1950s-1980s. Today South River's largest incoming immigrant population are Asian, Mexican and Brazilian populations.
Belarusians in South River
South River has become a center for Belarusian Americans in the postwar-period.
The first immigrants from present-day Belarus (from the areas of modern-day western Minsk Voblast and Hrodna Voblast, around the towns of Vilejka, Maladziečna and others) arrived to South River in the late 19th century. Most of the immigrants of that time identified themselves as Polish or Russian depending on their faith. Immigrants from Belarus established a Roman Catholic church of Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn (a prominent Catholic icon in Vilnius venerated primarily by Catholics in Western Belarus and Lithuania) and a 250 members strong Russian Orthodox parish of St. Peter and St. Paul.
The postwar immigrants founded the Belarusian Congress Committee of America here in 1951. In the 1950s they reestablished the Belarusian Orthodox parish of St. Eufrasinnia, that previously existed in Germany. A Belarusian cemetery was opened in 1953, that houses also Radasłaŭ Astroŭski.
Government
Local government
South River is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The borough form of government used by South River is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
, the mayor of South River is Republican John M. Krenzel, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Anthony Ciulla (R, 2022), Donna Balazs (R, 2022), Peter S. Giundi (R, 2024), James Gurchensky (R, 2023), Julie R. Meira (D, 2023) and Jason Oliveira (R, 2024).
In January 2014, the borough council selected former councilmember Michael Trenga from among three names nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the nearly three years remaining on the vacant seat of John Trzeciak, who cited personal reasons in resigning from office just weeks after taking his seat on the council. In the November 2014 general election, Trenga was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
Federal, state and county representation
South River is located in the 12th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 18th state legislative district
Politics
As of March 2011, there were a total of 7,901 registered voters in South River, of which 2,520 (31.9%) were registered as Democrats, 1,186 (15.0%) were registered as Republicans and 4,193 (53.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 58.5% of the vote (3,033 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 40.5% (2,101 votes), and other candidates with 1.0% (52 votes), among the 5,233 ballots cast by the borough's 8,095 registered voters (47 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 64.6%. In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 54.9% of the vote (3,148 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 42.5% (2,434 votes) and other candidates with 1.7% (95 votes), among the 5,729 ballots cast by the borough's 8,078 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.9%. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 51.8% of the vote (2,763 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 46.1% (2,460 votes) and other candidates with 0.8% (63 votes), among the 5,331 ballots cast by the borough's 7,591 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 70.2.
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 63.8% of the vote (1,997 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 35.0% (1,094 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (39 votes), among the 3,163 ballots cast by the borough's 8,146 registered voters (33 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 38.8%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 53.2% of the vote (1,916 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 38.2% (1,378 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.5% (235 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (32 votes), among the 3,604 ballots cast by the borough's 7,787 registered voters, yielding a 46.3% turnout.
Education
The South River Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 2,325 students and 203.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "CD", the sixth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
South River Primary School with 399 students in grades PreK-1,
South River Elementary School with 655 students in grades 2-5,
South River Middle School with 511 students in grades 6-8 and
South River High School with 722 students in grades 9-12.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality and by Middlesex County.
The mains roads that travel through are CR 527 and CR 535. Route 18 passes just west of the borough, which provides access to the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95).
Public transportation
NJ Transit bus service is provided on the 811 and 815 routes.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with South River include:
Radasłaŭ Astroŭski (1887–1976), Belarusian political leader and Nazi Collaborator
George Brasno (1911–1982), vaudevillian performer known for his appearances alongside his sister Olive in the Our Gang comedies and Charlie Chan movie series
Olive Brasno (1917–1998), vaudevillian performer known for her appearances in the Our Gang comedies and Charlie Chan movie series
Joseph Csatari (born 1929), painter
Janet Evanovich (born 1943), author
John H. Froude (born 1930), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1972 to 1980
Angelica Generosa, ballet dancer who is a principal dancer with the Pacific Northwest Ballet
Lyle Goodhue (1903–1981), scientist
Kenny Jackson (born 1962), former professional football player
Jonathan Janson (born 1950), painter
Stanley Kamel (1943–2008), actor who performed in the USA Network series Monk as Dr. Charles Kroger
Barys Kit (1910–2018), Belarusian-American rocket scientist
Evan Louro (born 1996), soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for the New York Red Bulls in Major League Soccer
Melbourne MacDowell (1856–1941), stage and silent screen actor, when the borough was still known as Little Washington
Frank Mula (1950–2021), writer for The Simpsons
Alfred Nisonoff (1923–2001), immunology researcher
Drew Pearson (born 1951), former professional football player
Brian Sicknick (1978–2021), officer of the United States Capitol Police who died following the January 6 United States Capitol attack
Pete Sivess (1913–2003), pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies
Elmer Stout (1929–2013), football player
Joe Susan (born 1955), former head coach of the Bucknell Bison football team and current Special Assistant to The Head Football Coach at Rutgers University
Joe Theismann (born 1949), former professional football player
Alex Wojciechowicz (1915–1992), professional football player
Russell Zavistovich (1928–2000), leader of the Belarusian American community
In popular culture
Rescue 911 (Season 3, Episode 25) features a segment about a Good Samaritan who assisted in the rescue of an occupant from an apartment fire on January 8, 1991, at the Emess Apartments (now known as Deer Creek Village).
References
External links
South River Borough
1898 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Middlesex County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1898 |
The negative impedance converter (NIC) is an active circuit which injects energy into circuits in contrast to an ordinary load that consumes energy from them. This is achieved by adding or subtracting excessive varying voltage in series to the voltage drop across an equivalent positive impedance. This reverses the voltage polarity or the current direction of the port and introduces a phase shift of 180° (inversion) between the voltage and the current for any signal generator. The two versions obtained are accordingly a negative impedance converter with voltage inversion (VNIC) and a negative impedance converter with current inversion (INIC). The basic circuit of an INIC and its analysis is shown below.
Basic circuit and analysis
INIC is a non-inverting amplifier (the op-amp and the voltage divider , on the figure) with a resistor () connected between its output and input. The op-amp output voltage is
The current going from the operational amplifier output through resistor toward the source is , and
So the input experiences an opposing current that is proportional to , and the circuit acts like a resistor with negative resistance
In general, elements , , and need not be pure resistances (i.e., they may be capacitors, inductors, or impedance networks).
Application
By using an NIC as a negative resistor, it is possible to let a real generator behave (almost) like an ideal generator, (i.e., the magnitude of the current or of the voltage generated does not depend on the load).
An example for a current source is shown in the figure on the right. The current generator and the resistor within the dotted line is the Norton representation of a circuit comprising a real generator and is its internal resistance. If an INIC is placed in parallel to that internal resistance, and the INIC has the same magnitude but inverted resistance value, there will be and in parallel. Hence, the equivalent resistance is
That is, the combination of the real generator and the INIC will now behave like a composed ideal current source; its output current will be the same for any load . In particular, any current that is shunted away from the load into the Norton equivalent resistance will be supplied by the INIC instead.
The ideal behavior in this application depends upon the Norton resistance and the INIC resistance being matched perfectly. As long as , the equivalent resistance of the combination will be greater than ; however, if , then the effect of the INIC will be negligible. However, when
the circuit is unstable (e.g., when in an unloaded system). In particular, the surplus current from the INIC generates positive feedback that causes the voltage driving the load to reach its power supply limits. By reducing the impedance of the load (i.e., by causing the load to draw more current), the generator–NIC system can be rendered stable again.
In principle, if the Norton equivalent current source was replaced with a Thévenin equivalent voltage source, a VNIC of equivalent magnitude could be placed in series with the voltage source's series resistance. Any voltage drop across the series resistance would then be added back to the circuit by the VNIC. However, a VNIC implemented as above with an operational amplifier must terminate on an electrical ground, and so this use is not practical. Because any voltage source with nonzero series resistance can be represented as an equivalent current source with finite parallel resistance, an INIC will typically be placed in parallel with a source when used to improve the impedance of the source.
Negative impedance circuits
The negative of any impedance can be produced by a negative impedance converter (INIC in the examples below), including negative capacitance and negative inductance. NIC can further be used to design floating impedances - like a floating negative inductor.
See also
Miller theorem applications
Gyrator
References
External links
Introduction to Negative Impedance Converters
Nonlinear Circuit Analysis
Electronic amplifiers |
The Canis-Minorids, also called the Beta Canis Minorids, are a meteor shower that arises near the fifth-magnitude star 11 Canis Minoris. They were discovered in 1964 by Keith Hindley, who investigated their trajectory and proposed a common origin with the comet C/1917 F1 (Mellish). However, this conclusion has been disputed, as the number of orbits analysed was low and their trajectories too disparate to confirm a link. They last from 4 to 15 December, peaking over 10 and 11 December.
References
External links
Jenniskens, Peter. Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets.
Meteor showers
Canis Minor
December events |
Anne MacLeod (born 1951) is a Scottish writer.
She was born in Aberfeldy and grew up in Inverness. MacLeod studied medicine at the University of Aberdeen and works as a dermatologist. She is the mother of four children. MacLeod lives on the Black Isle.
She has published two collections of poetry:
Standing by Thistles (1997)
Just the Caravaggio (1999)
both of which were well-received by critics. She has also published two novels The Dark Ship (2001) and The Blue Moon Book (2004).
References
1951 births
Living people
Scottish women poets
Scottish women novelists |
Roland Wyss is a former Swiss slalom canoeist who competed in the 1970s. He won two medals in the C-2 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a silver in 1977 and a bronze in 1979.
References
Swiss male canoeists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships |
The Fiji wattled honeyeater (Foulehaio taviunensis) or northern wattled honeyeater, is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. It was considered conspecific with the Polynesian wattled honeyeater and the kikau.
The species is endemic to Fiji.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, tropical mangrove forests, and tropical moist montane forest.
References
Fiji wattled honeyeater
Endemic birds of Fiji
Fiji wattled honeyeater
Fiji wattled honeyeater |
The 1997–98 Fairleigh Dickinson Knights men's basketball team represented Fairleigh Dickinson University during the 1997–98 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 15th-year head coach Tom Green. The Knights played their home games at the Rothman Center in Hackensack, New Jersey as members of the Northeast Conference.
The Knights compiled a 23–7 record and went 13–3 in ECAC Metro play to finish second in the conference regular season standings. They defeated Robert Morris, Wagner, and Long Island University to capture the NEC tournament championship. The Knights received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as No. 15 seed in the East region. The Knights put up a fight led by senior Elijah Allen's 43-point effort but fell to No. 2 seed Connecticut, 93–85, in the opening round.
Roster
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| NEC tournament
|-
!colspan=9 style=| NCAA tournament
References
Fairleigh Dickinson Knights men's basketball seasons
Fairleigh Dickinson
Fairleigh Dickinson
Fairleigh Dickinson
Fairleigh Dickinson |
Rachel Sheherazade Barbosa (born 5 September 1973) is a Brazilian journalist.
Education
Rachel Sheherazade has a degree in journalism from the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil.
Career
Rachel Sheherazade began her career in television, working for Mail Paraibana, an affiliate of RecordTV, in the state of Paraíba. Several months later, she was invited to join Cabo Branco TV, a Paraíba affiliate of Globo TV. In 2003, she began presenting for Tambau News of Tambau TV, an affiliate of major national network Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (SBT).
Sheherazade is known for her criticism on several topics, most notably regarding Brazil's anti-religious sentiment. In February 2011, while working at Tambau TV, she rebuked the carnival in Paraiba, saying that "Carnival is not a popular party, but a party for the elites".
She and Joseval Peixoto, another leading Brazilian journalist and lawyer, are co-presenters for major newscaster SBT Brasil, from Mondays to Fridays. Since 1994, Rachel Sheherazade has also been employed as a técnica judiciária (judicial technician) of Paraíba State Court of Justice.
Controversies
On November 30, 2012, Sheherazade reacted to an attempt to have the motto "Deus seja louvado" ("God be praised") removed from banknotes of Brazil's currency, the real, by claiming that proponents of secularism and anti-religious groups were ungrateful to Christianity. She stated that Christianity was responsible for principles such as freedom, honesty, respect and justice, and that the action was "at least an ingratitude to the doctrine that inspired our culture, our values, and even our own Constitution promulgated under the protection of God". She went on to state her belief that "the next target of the secularizing tendencies" would be the Constitution of Brazil, with a view to removing its references to God, and added: "But a simple civil action will not suffice in that case, as they will have to amend the Constitution".
On March 20, 2013, Sheherazade stirred controversy on the internet when she defended pastor and congressman Marco Feliciano's freedom of expression and religion, stating that he had the right to express opinions and had been democratically elected.
On December 26, 2013, a message appeared in the Facebook profile of Paulo Ghiraldelli Jr., professor of philosophy at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro: "My wish for 2014: that Rachel Sherazedo be raped". The intentional misspelling of Sheherazade's surname contained a word play on the Portuguese term cheiro azedo (sour smell). Soon afterwards, a second, similar, message was posted. Sheherazade contacted the police and criminal charges were filed. Ghiraldelli Jr. denied the charges, claiming that his Facebook profile had been hacked, and deleted the messages of incitement to violence against the journalist. Ghiraldelli Jr. also denied being the author of other older posts critical of Sheherazade, found in his Twitter and Facebook profiles.
On February 4, 2014, Sheherazade commented on the action of a group of young men who had beaten a burglar and tied him by the neck to a pole with a bicycle lock, saying that the actions of vigilante groups were understandable, and that human rights protection served to defend criminals. The Union of Professional Journalists of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro and its Ethics Committee issued a communique rejecting the journalist's statement, saying that it breached their code of ethics by inciting violence and crime, and showed contempt for human rights. Federal representative Jandira Feghali of the Communist Party of Brazil filed a complaint against Rachel Sheherazade Barbosa and SBT on the grounds that the statement constituted the "crime of apology and incitement to crime, torture and lynching, typified by Art. 287 of the Penal Code."
On April 5, 2014, news spread that Sheherazade was about to be fired, and supporters began protesting the decision. The rumor was later denied.
References
1973 births
Living people
Brazilian anti-communists
Brazilian Christians
Brazilian evangelicals
Brazilian television news anchors
Conservatism in Brazil
People from João Pessoa, Paraíba
Protestantism in Brazil |
```batchfile
set libfile=%~dp0..\..\ucrt\10.0.18362.0\lib\arm64\libucrt_shared.lib
copy "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\ucrt\arm64\libucrt.lib" "%libfile%" /y
@call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsamd64_arm64.bat"
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\crtw32\misc\nt\objfre\arm64\guard_support.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\crtw32\misc\nt\objfre\arm64\dispatchcfg.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\crtw32\misc\nt\objfre\arm64\guard_dispatch.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\crtw32\misc\nt\objfre\arm64\cfgcheckthunk.obj
::lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\fpctrl.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\filter.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\tanf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\tan.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\sincosf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\sincos.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\powf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\pow.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\logf.obj
::lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\log2.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\log10f.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\log10.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\log.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\ieee.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\frnd.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\fmodf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\fmod.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\fabsf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\expf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\exp.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strspn.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strpbrk.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strncpy.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strncmp.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strncat.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strlen.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strcspn.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strcmp.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strcat.obj
::lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\notamd64\mt\objfre\arm64\remainder_.obj
::lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\notamd64\mt\objfre\arm64\remainderf_.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\notamd64\mt\objfre\arm64\ieeemisc.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\amd64_arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strset.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\amd64_arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strrev.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\amd64_arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\strnset.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\string\amd64_arm_arm64\mt\objfre\arm64\memccpy.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\_finitef.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\_finite.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\_copysignf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\_copysign.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\_chgsignf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\_chgsign.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\tanhf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\tanh.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\sqrtf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\sqrt.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\sinhf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\sinh.obj
::lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\remainder_piby2.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\modff.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\modf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\logbf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\logb.obj
::lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\libm_error.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\hypotf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\hypot.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\floorf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\floor.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\exp2.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\coshf.obj
lib "%libfile%" /remove:d:\os\obj\arm64fre\minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\dll\mt\..\..\tran\noti386\mt\objfre\arm64\cosh.obj
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``` |
Bond softening is an effect of reducing the strength of a chemical bond by strong laser fields. To make this effect significant, the strength of the electric field in the laser light has to be comparable with the electric field the bonding electron "feels" from the nuclei of the molecule. Such fields are typically in the range of 1–10 V/Å, which corresponds to laser intensities 1013–1015 W/cm2. Nowadays, these intensities are routinely achievable from table-top Ti:Sapphire lasers.
Theory
Theoretical description of bond softening can be traced back to early work on dissociation of diatomic molecules in intense laser fields. While the quantitative description of this process requires quantum mechanics, it can be understood qualitatively using quite simple models.
Low-intensity description
Consider the simplest diatomic molecule, the H2+ ion. The ground state of this molecule is bonding and the first excited state is antibonding. This means that when we plot the potential energy of the molecule (i.e. the average electrostatic energy of the two protons and the electron plus the kinetic energy of the latter) as the function of proton-proton separation, the ground state has a minimum but the excited state is repulsive (see Fig. 1a). Normally, the molecule is in the ground state, in one of the lowest vibrational levels (marked by horizontal lines).
In the presence of light, the molecule may absorb a photon (violet arrow), provided its frequency matches the energy difference between the ground and the excited states. The excited state is unstable and the molecule dissociates within femtoseconds into hydrogen atom and a proton releasing kinetic energy (red arrow). This is the usual description of photon absorption, which works well at low intensity. At high intensity, however, the interaction of the light with the molecule is so strong that the potential energy curves become distorted. To take this distortion into account requires "dressing" the molecule in photons.
Dressing in photons at high intensity
At high laser intensity absorptions and stimulated emissions of photons are so frequent that the molecule cannot be regarded as a system separate from the laser field; the molecule is "dressed" in photons forming a single system. However, the number of photons in this system varies when photons are absorbed and emitted. Therefore, to plot the energy diagram of the dressed molecule, we need to repeat the energy curves at each number of photons. The number of photons is very large but only a few curve repetitions need to be considered in this very tall ladder, as shown in Fig. 1b.
In the dressed model, photon absorption (and emission) is no longer represented by vertical transitions. As the energy must be conserved, photon absorption occurs at the curve crossings. For example, if the molecule is in the ground electronic state with 1015 photons present, it can jump to the repulsive state absorbing a photon at the curve crossing (violet circle) and dissociate to the 1015-1 photon limit (red arrow). This "curve jumping" is in fact continuous and can be explained in terms of avoided crossings.
Energy curve distortion
When strong laser field perturbs the molecule, its energy levels are no longer the same as in the absence of the field. To calculate the new energy levels, the perturbation must be included as off-diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian, which has to be diagonalised. In consequence, the crossings turn into anticrossings and the higher the laser intensity, the larger the gap of the anticrossing as shown in Fig. 2. The molecule can dissociate along the lower branch of the anticrossings as indicated by the red arrows.
The top arrow represents one photon absorption, which is a continuous process. In the region of the anticrossing the molecule is in a superposition of the ground and the excited states, continuously exchanging energy with the laser field. As the internuclear separation increases, the molecule absorbs energy and the electronic wavefunction evolves to the antibonding state on the femtosecond timescale. The H2+ ion dissociates to the 1ω limit.
The bottom arrow represents a process initiated at the 3-photon gap. As the system passes through this gap, the 1-photon gap is wide open and the system slides along the top branch of the 1-photon anticrossing. The molecule dissociates to the 2ω limit via absorption of 3 photons followed by re-emission of 1 photon. (One-step even-photon absorptions and emissions are forbidden by the symmetry of the system.)
The anticrossing curves are adiabatic, i.e. they are accurate only for infinitely slow transitions. When the dissociation is fast and the gap is small, a diabatic transition may occur where the system ends up on the other branch of the anticrossing. The probability of such a transition is described by the Landau–Zener formula. When applied to the dissociation through the 3-photon gap, the formula gives a small probability of the H2+ molecular ion ending up in the 3ω dissociation limit without emitting any photons.
Experimental confirmation
The "bond softening" phrase was coined by Phil Bucksbaum in 1990 at the time of its experimental observation. A Nd:YAG laser was used to generate intense pulses of about 80 ps duration at the second harmonic of 532 nm. In a vacuum chamber, the pulses were focused on molecular hydrogen under low pressure (about 10−6 mbar) inducing ionization and dissociation. The kinetic energy of protons was measured in a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer. The proton TOF spectra revealed three peaks of kinetic energy spaced by a half of the photon energy. As the neutral H atom was taking the other half of the photon energy, this was an unambiguous confirmation of the bond softening process leading to the 1ω, 2ω and 3ω dissociation limits. Such a process which absorbs more than the minimum number of photons is known as above-threshold dissociation.
A comprehensive review puts the mechanism of bond softening in a broader research context. Anticrossings of diatomic energy curves have many similarities to the conical intersections of energy surfaces in polyatomic molecules.
References
Molecular physics
Quantum chemistry
Photochemistry |
Squaxin Island is in the extreme southwestern part of Puget Sound in Mason County, Washington, United States. The island is an Indian reservation of the Native American Squaxin Island Tribe. A Washington state park on the island, by the same name, was closed and the land was returned to the Squaxin Tribe. The island's land area is . There was no resident population as of the 2000 census.
Squaxin Island is separated from Harstine Island, to the east, by Peale Passage.
The island's name comes from the Lushootseed place–name sqʷax̌səd.
See also
Squaxin Island Tribe
References
External links
Squaxin Island: Block 1088, Census Tract 9611, Mason County, Washington United States Census Bureau
Landforms of Mason County, Washington
Uninhabited islands of Washington (state)
Islands of Puget Sound
Islands of Washington (state)
Washington placenames of Native American origin |
The 1947 Boston Yanks season was their fourth in the National Football League. The team improved on their previous season's output of 2–8–1, winning four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.
Before the season
Draft
Schedule
Standings
References
1947
Boston Yanks
Boston Yanks |
The Rammachgau (also Rammagau) was a Gau in southern Germany in present-day Baden-Württemberg. The Rammachgau was located in northern Upper Swabia.
Origin and name
After the resistance of the Alamannic nobles to Frankish rule had been overcome in 746, the Duchy of the Alamanni was administratively incorporated into the Frankish kingdom by implementing the Frankish units of administration there too. The Franks used the term Gau to denote a politico-geographical division within the Frankish kingdom. The term Gau was often suffixed to a distinctive geographical place name. One of these administrative units was the Rammachgau. The name of this administrative unit derived from the name of a river, or part thereof, called Rammach. The name of the river was subsequently lost. Contemporary documents refer to this administrative unit as Rammackeuui (778), Rammekevve (894), Rammichgowe (ca. 1070) and Rammechgowe (1099).
It has been suggested that the Rammachgau, together with the Nibelgau and the Illergau, belonged to a larger administrative unit called pagus Duria during the period of Carolingian rule.
The fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and the simultaneous dissolution of central authority in the 13th century gave the local nobility the opportunity to increase its independence from central authority. Consequently, various local rulers managed to establish authority over territories within the Rammachgau, rendering the old administrative units, based on counts as being the representative of the central authority, obsolete.
Expanse
The Rammachgau stretched from the south at Altheim, Langenschemmern and Ochsenhausen to the north at Hüttisheim and Dellmensingen, from the west at Ingerkingen to the east at Burgrieden. The Rammachgau was bordered to the south by the Haistergau, to the east by the Illergau and to the west by the Ruadolteshuntare. To the north the Rammachgau bordered on the territory of the Illergau as well as the Ruadolteshuntare.
The area of settlement of the Rammachgau was marked by natural borders except to the north. The populated areas were all in, or in close proximity to, the valleys of the rivers Riß, Rottum and Rot. The borders were marked by large forests on the hills surrounding the rivers or by swampy areas unsuitable for agriculture.
The administrative centre of the Rammachgau was Laupheim.
See also
Gau
Alamannia
Upper Swabia
Notes
Further reading
Former states and territories of Baden-Württemberg
Geography of Baden-Württemberg
Upper Swabia |
Tempoyak (Jawi: تمڤويق), asam durian or pekasam is a Malay condiment made from fermented durian. It is usually consumed by the ethnic Malays in Maritime Southeast Asia, notably in Indonesia and Malaysia. Tempoyak is made by taking the flesh of durian and mixing it with some salt and kept in room temperature for three or five days for fermentation. Tempoyaks are usually made during the durian season, when the abundance of durian and excess production are made into fermented tempoyak.
Tempoyak is not normally consumed solely, it is usually eaten as condiment or as an ingredient for cooking; such as cooked with coconut milk curry as gulai tempoyak ikan patin (pangasius fish tempoyak curry), or mixed with spicy chili pepper as sambal tempoyak.
Fermentation
In the Malay archipelago, fermented durian is known by many names. It is commonly known as tempoyak in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Southern Sumatra region (South Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and Lampung provinces). It is known as pekasam in Aceh and asam durian in the Minangkabau region of West Sumatra. The word asam which translates to "sour" describes its fermentation process.
Tempoyak is made by taking the flesh of durian and mixing it with salt or sugar. It is kept at room temperature and left to ferment for three to five days. As a fermented food, the tempoyak-making process involves a number of different lactic acid bacteria. Isolated lactic acid bacteria which form colonies in fermented durian are Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus subsp. fersantum. These lactic acid bacteria inhibit the growth of harmful decomposing bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which in turn preserves the durian flesh. Besides its functions as a food preservative, fermented tempoyak also serves as a natural food flavoring. The addition of tempoyak into chili paste and curry can add a distinct aroma and savoury flavour to the dish.
History
Just like many fermented food products in the region (e.g. belacan, pekasam, cincalok, budu, and tapai), tempoyak was probably discovered unintentionally; from the excessive unconsumed durian and thus left fermented, during the abundance of durian season in the region.
Tempoyak is mentioned in Hikayat Abdullah as a staple food for the people of Terengganu. When Abdullah Abdul Kadir visit Terengganu around the year 1836, he said that one of the favorite food of the local resident is Tempoyak. Based on Hikayat Abdullah, tempoyak is a food special to the ethnic Malays, and a speciality of the states of the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. Temerloh in Pahang, Malaysia is known as the capital for ikan patin because of its fish farms and also its restaurants offering savoury ikan patin masak tempoyak (silver catfish cooked in fermented durian gravy).
In Indonesia, tempoyak is exceptionally popular in Southern Sumatra, especially in Palembang, where tempoyak ikan patin (pangasius fish in tempoyak sauce), and brengkes tempoyak (tempoyak fish in banana leaf package) is a popular local specialty.
Indonesia
In Indonesia, tempoyak is especially popular in Palembang, and also in other cities and provinces in Sumatra such as Riau, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung and also Pontianak in Kalimantan.
In Palembang the dish tempoyak ikan patin (Pangasius catfish in tempoyak sauce) and brengkes (pepes) tempoyak are well known, which is a steamed fermented durian paste in banana leaf container, usually mixed with patin (Pangasius fish) as brengkes ikan patin tempoyak. A spicy condiment called sambal tempoyak is made from the mixture of fermented durian, ground belacan (shrimp paste) and chili pepper.
In Lampung, tempoyak is made as sambal seruit tempoyak. Seruit is shredded fried freshwater fishes, such as patin (Pangasius), baung (Hemibagrus), lais (Kryptopterus), belida (Giant featherback) or mas (carp), mixed with ground chili pepper, tomato, shallot, shrimp paste, lime juice, young unripe mango, salt and tempoyak.
In Pontianak and Bengkulu, tempoyak is usually served as spicy condiment as sambal tempoyak, mixed with red chili pepper, fresh shrimp or teri (anchovy) and petai (green stinky bean).
Malaysia
In Malaysia, tempoyak is specifically popular in the state of Pahang and Perak, yet it is also can be found elsewhere, from Kuala Lumpur to Sarawak. In Malaysia, tempoyak is an essential ingredient for gulai tempoyak ikan patin (pangasius fish tempoyak curry) and for cooking soup with tang hoon or glass noodles. Temerloh in Pahang is known for farmed ikan patin (Shark catfish ) mostly the Swai a fish known for a popular traditional dish, patin masak tempoyak (cooked with fermented durian), and another local favorites such as pais patin (grilled with tempoyak) and deep-fried with chilies.
In Sarawak, tempoyak is available in the marketplace. The taste is said to be sour and salty with a lot of nutty, durian flavours.
See also
Gulai
Minangkabau cuisine
Malay cuisine
Palembang cuisine
External links
Brengkes Tempoyak Ikan Patin recipe Palembang style steamed pangasius fish with spicy tempoyak in banana leaf package recipe, from Femina
Patin in Fermented Durian Paste (Gulai Tempoyak Ikan Patin), from Kuali
References
Fermented foods
Malay cuisine
Malaysian cuisine
Malaysian condiments
Indonesian cuisine
Malay culture
Palembang cuisine
Durio |
```javascript
import test from 'tape-catch';
import vtkMapper from 'vtk.js/Sources/Rendering/Core/Mapper';
import vtkPlane from 'vtk.js/Sources/Common/DataModel/Plane';
test('Test vtkAbstractMapper publicAPI', (t) => {
const mapper = vtkMapper.newInstance();
t.equal(mapper.getClippingPlanes().length, 0);
const normals = [
[1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
];
const plane = vtkPlane.newInstance({ normal: normals[0] });
mapper.addClippingPlane(plane);
t.equal(mapper.getClippingPlanes().length, 1);
mapper.removeClippingPlane(0);
t.equal(mapper.getClippingPlanes().length, 0);
mapper.setClippingPlanes(plane);
t.equal(mapper.getClippingPlanes().length, 1);
mapper.removeAllClippingPlanes();
t.equal(mapper.getClippingPlanes().length, 0);
mapper.removeClippingPlane(0);
const plane2 = vtkPlane.newInstance({ normal: normals[1] });
const plane3 = vtkPlane.newInstance({ normal: normals[2] });
mapper.setClippingPlanes([plane, plane2, plane3]);
t.equal(mapper.getClippingPlanes().length, 3);
mapper.removeClippingPlane(0);
t.equal(mapper.getClippingPlanes().length, 2);
for (let i = 0; i < mapper.getClippingPlanes().length; i++) {
const normal = mapper.getClippingPlanes()[i].getNormal();
const refNormal = normals[i + 1];
for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
t.equal(normal[j], refNormal[j]);
}
}
t.end();
});
``` |
```turing
#!./perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use utf8;
use open qw( :utf8 :std );
require q(./test.pl); plan(tests => 2);
=pod
This tests a strange bug found by Matt S. Trout
while building DBIx::Class. Thanks Matt!!!!
<A>
/ \
<C> <B>
\ /
<D>
=cut
{
package id_A;
use mro 'c3';
sub { 'id_A::' }
}
{
package id_B;
use base 'id_A';
use mro 'c3';
sub { 'id_B:: => ' . (shift)->SUPER:: }
}
{
package id_C;
use mro 'c3';
use base 'id_A';
}
{
package id_D;
use base ('id_C', 'id_B');
use mro 'c3';
sub { 'id_D:: => ' . (shift)->SUPER:: }
}
ok(eq_array(
mro::get_linear_isa('id_D'),
[ qw(id_D id_C id_B id_A) ]
), '... got the right MRO for id_D');
is(id_D->,
'id_D:: => id_B:: => id_A::',
'... got the right next::method dispatch path');
``` |
Yecha Gunja Rajalakshmi Parthasarathy (27 November 1925 – 6 August 2019), better known as Mrs YGP, was an Indian journalist, educationist and social worker. She was the founder and dean of the Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan. Rajalakshmi was awarded the Padma Shri in 2010, India's fourth highest civil honour for her contribution to literature and education.
Personal life
Rajalakshmi was born in Madras on 27 November 1925 into an affluent and educated family, the daughter of Burmah Shell employee R. Parthasarathy and his wife Alamelu Amma. Her father was the son of Indian independence activist, Dewan Bahadur T. Rangachari and her mother was a homemaker. Her cousin K. Balaji was an actor and director in the Tamil film industry.
Rajalakshmi studied at St. John's School and Holy Cross College, Madras and received a graduate degree in journalism from the University of Madras in 1947, at a time when few women in India undertook higher studies. She was the only woman in her class and the first woman in her family to graduate. Later, she completed her M. Ed. and acquired a master's degree in history from the University of Madras also.
She was married to playwright Y. G. Parthasarathy, and they had two sons, Y. G. Rajendran and Y. G. Mahendran, a Tamil film and stage actor. Rajalakshmi died in Chennai on 6 August 2019 at age 93 due to a cardiac arrest. She was replaced by Mrs. Sheela Rajendran, her daughter-in-law.
Career
On completion of her graduation, Rajalakshmi worked as a journalist with The Hindu and the Tamil weekly, Kumudam. She however quit her job after marriage and started the Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan in 1958.
Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan
In 1958, Rajalakshmi started a school with 13 students along with members of the Nungambakkam Ladies Recreation Club in a shed in the terrace of her house in Nungambakkam and named it Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan in deference to the wishes of one of its benefactors, R. M. Seshadri, who expressed his wish for the school to be named after his wife. The next year, the school acquired its own building. In 1971, the school established its first branch, in Nungambakkam (which is also known as the main school). Since then, the school has grown manifold and in 2009, comprised five branches with over 8,000 students and 500 staff members. Rajalakshmi served as the dean and director of the school since its inception in 1958, until her death. In 2010, it was reported to have more than 10,000 students.
Awards
On 26 January 2010, Rajalakshmi was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civil honour for her contribution to literature and education.
'Achievement Medal for Leadership and Commitment to Excellence in Education' by the U.S-based Center for Excellence in Education.
'Vayoshreshtha Samman' award from the Government of India.
'Paul Harris Fellow Award' by the Rotary Club of Madras.
Works
References
Further reading
1925 births
2019 deaths
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
Indian women educational theorists
Indian social workers
Indian women journalists
Writers from Chennai
Journalists from Tamil Nadu
Women writers from Tamil Nadu
Social workers from Tamil Nadu
Women educators from Tamil Nadu
Educators from Tamil Nadu
20th-century Indian educational theorists
20th-century Indian women writers
20th-century Indian journalists
20th-century Indian women educators |
Brooks is thought to have been derived from both the Swedish surname Bäckland, (bäck, "brook", "stream") and lund ("grove"); and in English, Gaelic and Scottish from "of the brook". The word brook derives from the Old English broc and appears in the Medieval predecessors of Brooks (Ate-Broc and Atte-Broc). The surname arrived in North America from England in the mid-seventeenth century.
The surname Brooks is recorded in Ireland from the 1600s. O'Laughlin reports that "some of the name could stem from Irish origins, the name being changed into the English word 'Brook' or Brooks." The surname is also found among English-speaking Ashkenazi Jews, deriving from the male Hebrew given name Boruch ("blessed").
A
A. Brooks (Middlesex cricketer) (born ), English cricketer
Aaron Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Abraham Brooks (1852–1925), English cricketer
Adam Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Adrian Brooks (born 1957), English soccer player
Ahmad Brooks (born 1984), American football linebacker
Ahmad D. Brooks (born 1980), American football player and sports broadcaster
Aimee Brooks (born 1974), American actress
Albert Brooks (born 1947), American actor, comedian, and director
Alden Brooks (1882–1964), American writer
Alex Brooks (born 1976), American ice hockey player
Alexandra Brooks (born 1995), English footballer
Alfred Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Alison Brooks (born 1962), Canadian architect
Allan Brooks (1869–1946), Canadian ornithologist and bird artist
Allette Brooks (fl. 1996–2001), American folk singer
Allison Brooks (1917–2006), American aviator
Alvin Brooks, American basketball coach
Alvin Brooks III, American basketball coach
Amanda Brooks (born 1981), American actress
Amber Brooks (born 1991), American soccer player
Ameal Brooks (1904–1971), American baseball player
Andy Brooks, British Communist leader
Angel Brooks, character on the Australian soap opera Home and Away
Angela Brooks, American architect, partner in Brooks + Scarpa
Angelle Brooks (born 1967), American actress
Angie Brooks (1928–2007), Liberian diplomat and jurist
Annabel Brooks (born 1962), British actress
Anne Brooks (born 1938), American physician and nun
Anne Rose Brooks (born 1963), American actress
Anthony Brooks (1922–2007), British undercover agent
Anthony Michael Brooks (born 1993), American speedcuber
Antoine Brooks (born 1997), American football player
April Brooks, the real name of professional wrestler AJ Lee
Archie Brooks, fictional character from the British soap opera Emmerdale
Art Brooks, see Arthur Brooks (disambiguation)
Arthur Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Audrey Brooks (1933–2018), British botanist
Avery Brooks (born 1948), American film/TV actor
B
Barney Brooks, American physician
Barrett Brooks, American football player
Barry Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Beau Brooks, member of The Janoskians
Ben Brooks, see Benjamin Brooks (disambiguation)
Benjamin Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Berry Boswell Brooks (1902–1976), American cotton broker and big-game hunter
Bert Brooks (1920–1968), Canadian race car driver
Beverley Brooks, stage name of British actress Pamela Harmsworth, Viscountess Rothermere
Bill Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Billy Brooks (born 1953), American football player
Bob or Bobby Brooks, see Robert Brooks (disambiguation)
Bonnie Brooks (born 1953), Canadian department store executive
Bradley Brooks, darts player
Brandon Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Brendan Brooks (born 1978), Canadian ice hockey player
Brittany Brooks (born 1985), American musician
Bruce Brooks (born 1950), American author
Bryant Butler Brooks, American politician
Bubba Brooks (1922–2002), American saxophonist
Bucky Brooks (born 1971), American sportswriter
Bud Brooks, American football player
Byron Alden Brooks, author of the 1893 novel Earth Revisited
C
Caroline Shawk Brooks (1840–1913), American sculptor
Cat Brooks, American activist
Cecil Brooks III, American jazz drummer
Cecil Joslin Brooks (1875–1953), British metallurgical chemist and naturalist
Cedric Brooks (1943–2013), Jamaican saxophonist and flautist
Chandler McCuskey Brooks (1905–1989), American physiologist
Charles Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Charlie Brooks (born 1981), Welsh actress
Charlie Brooks (racehorse trainer) (born 1963), British racehorse trainer
Charlotte Brooks (1918–2014), American photojournalist
Charmaine Brooks (born 1970), Canadian singer-songwriter
Chase Brooks, American soccer player and coach
Cherryl Brooks, fictional character from Atlas Shrugged
Chet Brooks (born 1966), American football player
Chris Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Clifford Cleveland Brooks, American politician
Cindy Brooks (model) (born 1951), American model and actress
Cindy Brooks (rower) (born 1965), American rower
Claire Brooks (1931–2008), British politician
Cleanth Brooks (1906–1994), American literary critic
Clifford Brooks (born 1949), American football player
Clive Brooks (1949–2017), English drummer
Coby G. Brooks (born 1969), American businessman
Colin Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Collin Brooks (1893–1959), British journalist, writer and broadcaster
Conrad Brooks (1931–2017), American actor
Curtis Brooks (born 1998), American football player
Constance "Connie" Brooks (see Our Miss Brooks), fictional English language teacher
Corey Brooks, American politician
D
D. W. Brooks (1901–1969), American farmer and businessman
Dallas Brooks, Australian general and politician
Daniel Brooks, American clothier, one of the Brooks Brothers
Daniel Brooks (born 1958), Canadian theatre director, actor and playwright
Danny Brooks (born 1951), Canadian blues musician
Darin Brooks, American actor
Darren Brooks (born 1982), American professional basketball player
David Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Dean Brooks (1916–2013), American physician and actor
Deanna Brooks, American model
Delray Brooks (born 1965), American basketball player and coach
De'Mon Brooks, (born 1992), American basketball player
Derreck Brooks (born 1994), American professional basketball player
Derrick Brooks (born 1973), American professional football player
Derrius Brooks (born 1988), American football player
Desley Brooks, American politician
Dianne Brooks (1939–2005), American jazz singer
Dick or Dickie Brooks, see Richard Brooks (disambiguation)
Dillon Brooks (born 1996), Canadian basketball player
Dolores "LaLa" Brooks (born 1947), former member of girl group The Crystals
Don Frank Brooks (1947–2000), American blues harmonica player
Donald Brooks, American fashion designer
Donnie Brooks (1936–2007), American pop music singer
Douglas Jackson Brooks (born 1956), American country music singer, known as Doug Stone
Dudley Brooks (1913–1989), American jazz pianist
Durant Brooks (born 1985), American football player
Dustin Brooks, from Power Rangers Ninja Storm
Dustin Brooks, from Zoey 101
Duwayne Brooks (born 1974), English politician
E
Earl Brooks (1929–2010), American race car driver
Earl Brooks, title character of the film Mr. Brooks
Ed Brooks, see Edward Brooks (disambiguation)
Edgar Brooks (1914–1986), English rugby league footballer
Edmund Wright Brooks (1834–1928), English Quaker philanthropist and cement maker
Edward Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Edwin Brooks (born 1929), British-Australian politician and academic
Edwin B. Brooks (1868–1933), American politician
Edwy Searles Brooks (1889–1965), British novelist
Elbridge Streeter Brooks (1846–1902), American author, editor and critic
Elisabeth Brooks (1951–1997), Canadian actress
Elisha Brooks, American clothier, one of the Brooks Brothers
Elizabeth Carter Brooks (1867–1951), American architect, educator and social activist
Elkie Brooks (born 1945), British singer
Ellen Brooks (born 1946), American photographer
Elmore Brooks (1918–1963), American blues guitarist, better known as Elmore James
Erastus Brooks (1815–1886), New York newspaper editor and politician
Eric Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Ernest Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Errol Brooks (born 1951), Antiguan bishop
Ethan Brooks (born 1972), American football player
Eugene C. Brooks (1871–1947), American educator
F
Farmer Brooks, Canadian professional wrestler
Foster Brooks (1912–2001), American comedian
Francis Gerard Brooks (1924–2010), Northern Ireland Roman Catholic bishop
Francis K. Brooks (born 1943), American educator and Vermont Democratic politician
Frank Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Frank Leonard Brooks, Canadian artist
Frankie Brooks, fictional character in the Australian soap opera Home and Away
Franklin E. Brooks (1860–1916), American Republican politician
Frederick Brooks (disambiguation), also includes Fred and Freddie Brooks
G
Gabriel Brooks (1704–1741), English calligrapher
Gabrielle Brooks (born 1990), English actress
Gareth Brooks (born 1979), New Zealand field hockey player
Garrison Brooks (born 1999), American basketball player
Garth Brooks (born 1962), American country musician
Gary Brooks (born 1980), Jamaican Association football player
Gene Edward Brooks (1931–2004), American judge
George Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Georgia Brooks, fictional character from the soap opera Neighbours
Gerald Brooks (1905–1974), Belizean bishop
Geraldine Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Glenn Brooks, Canadian politician
Golden Brooks, American actress
Gordon Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Greg Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Gregory Brooks, American poker player
Guy Brooks, American fiddle player
Gwendolyn Brooks, (1917–2000), award-winning African American woman poet
H
H. Allen Brooks (1925–2010), American architectural historian
H. H. Brooks, co-founder of the Herff-Brooks Corporation
Hadda Brooks, American pianist
Halbert W. Brooks (born 1985), American politician
Hannibal Brooks, fictional character from the film of the same name
Harold Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist
Harry Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Harvey Brooks (bassist), American bassist
Harvey Brooks (physicist) (1915–2004), American physicist
Harvey Oliver Brooks (1899–1968), American pianist and composer
Hazel Brooks (1924–2002), American actress
Helen Brooks, pseudonym of the British novelist Rita Bradshaw
Hellen M. Brooks, American educator and politician
Henderson Brooks, Indian general, co-author of the Henderson Brooks–Bhagat Report
Henry Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Herb Brooks, American ice hockey coach
Hillery Brooks, American planter, for whom Brooks, Georgia, was named
Holly Brooks (born 1982), American skier
Holly Brooks, fictional character on the TV show Malcolm & Eddie
Horace Brooks (1814–1894), American army officer
Horatio G. Brooks, American rail engineer
Hubert Brooks (1921–1984), Canadian air force officer and hockey player
Hubie Brooks, American baseball player
I
Ian James Brooks (1928–2022), New Zealand politician
Irvin Brooks (1891–1966), American baseball player
J
J. Brooks (fl. 1892), English cricketer
J. Stewart Brooks (1910–2000), Canadian politician
J. Twing Brooks (1884–1956), U.S. congressman from Pennsylvania
Jack Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Jade Brooks, Canadian author and activist
Jai Brooks, member of Australian group "The Janoskians"
Jalen Brooks (born 2000), American football player
Jamal Brooks (born 1976), American football player
James Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Jamie Brooks (born 1983), English football player
Janice Young Brooks, birth name of American mystery writer Jill Churchill
Jarred Brooks, American mixed martial artist, currently fights at ONE Championship
Jason Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Jay Brooks, fictional character from the movie I'm Through with White Girls (The Inevitable Undoing of Jay Brooks)
JC Brooks, lead singer of JC Brooks & the Uptown Sound
Jean Brooks, American actress
Jeff Brooks (born 1989), American-Italian basketball player
Jeffrey Brooks (born 1956), American composer
Jehiel Brooks (1797–1886), American soldier and politician
Jeremy Brooks (1926–1994), British writer
Jerry Brooks (born 1967), American baseball player
Jerry Brooks (born 1966), American actor and writer, known by the stage name J. B. Smoove
Jess Lee Brooks (1894–1944), American actor
Jessica Brooks (born 1981), English actress
Jim or Jimmy Brooks, see James Brooks (disambiguation)
Joanna Brooks, American author and professor
Jody Brooks, American country music singer, better known as Jody Miller
Joe Brooks, see Joseph Brooks (disambiguation)
Joel Brooks (born 1949), American actor
John Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
John J. Brooks, American lawman
Johnny Brooks (1931–2016), English footballer
Jon Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Jordyn Brooks (born 1997), American football player
Joseph Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Joshua Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Josh Brooks, College athletic director
Josie Brooks, fictional character from the British soap opera Brookside
Juanita Brooks, American writer
Julia Evangeline Brooks (1882–1948), American educator
Justin Brooks (born 1965), American attorney
K
Karen Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Karl Brooks (born 2000), American football player
Kate Brooks (born 1977), American photojournalist
Kate Brooks (astronomer), Australian astronomer
Katherine Brooks (born 1976), American film writer and director
Keion Brooks Jr. (born 2000), American basketball player
Kendra Brooks, American politician
Kennedy Brooks (born 1998), American football player
Kevin Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Kimberly Brooks (born 1968), American actress
Kix Brooks (born 1955), American country musician from Brooks & Dunn
Koleen Brooks (born 1965), American politician and model
Kristi Brooks, American science fiction author
K. S. Brooks (born 1963), American writer and photographer
L
Lance Brooks (born 1984), American discus thrower
Larry Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Lawrence Brooks (fl. 1940s–1960s), American singer and actor
Lawrence Brooks (1909–2022), American veteran
Lee Brooks (born 1983), American composer
Lela Brooks (1908–1990), Canadian skater
Leo Brooks (American football) (1947–2002), American football player
Leo A. Brooks Jr. (born 1957), American general
Leo A. Brooks Sr., American general
Leslie Brooks (1922–2011), American actress
Lexie Brooks, fictional character on the American soap opera Days of Our Lives
Linton Brooks (born 1938), American diplomat
Linus Brooks, early settler in Brooks, Oregon
Lonnie Brooks (1933–2017), American blues musician
Lorie Brooks, fictional character on the soap opera The Young and the Restless
Louise Brooks (1906–1985), American actress and dancer
Louise Cromwell Brooks (), American socialite
Louise Susannah Brooks, fictional character from the British sitcom Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps
Lucy Ann Brooks (1835-1926), English temperance advocate
Luke Brooks (born 1994), Australian rugby league footballer
Luke Brooks (singer), member of the Australian group The Janoskians
Lyall Brooks (born 1978), Australian actor
Lydia Brooks (1818–1905), Labradorian diarist, better known by her married name, Lydia Campbell
Lyman Brooks (1910–1984), American educator
M
Macey Brooks (born 1975), American football player
Malcolm Brooks (1930–2020), Australian politician
Mandy Brooks (1897–1976), American baseball player
Maria Gowen Brooks, American poet
Marion E. Brooks, American environmentalist, for whom Marion Brooks Natural Area was named
Mark Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Marshall Brooks, British sportsman
MarShon Brooks (born 1989), American basketball player
Martha Brooks (born 1944), Canadian writer
Martin E. Brooks (1925–2015), American actor
Marva Jean Brooks, Muddy Waters's wife
Mary Brooks (1907–2002), director of the U.S. Mint
Matilda Moldenhauer Brooks (1888–1981), American botanist
Maurice Brooks, American naturalist
Max Brooks, American novelist
McKenna Brooks, fictional character from American Girl
Mehcad Brooks, American actor
Mel Brooks (born 1926), American comic actor, writer, director, and theatrical producer
Meredith Brooks (born 1958), American musician
Merv Brooks (1919–2011), Australian rules football player
Micah Brooks (1775–1857), American politician
Michael Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Michele Brooks, American politician
Mike Brooks, see Michael Brooks (disambiguation)
Milton Brooks (1901–1956), American photographer
Mo Brooks (born 1954), American politician
Morgan Brooks (1861–1947), American engineer
Myra Brooks Turner (1936-2017), American composer, educator, and writer
N
Nan Brooks, American illustrator
Nate Brooks (American football) (born 1996), American football player
Nathan Eugene Brooks (1933–2020), American boxer
Nathan C. Brooks, American educator
Ned Brooks, American broadcaster
Neil Brooks, Australian swimmer
Nicole Paige Brooks, contestant on American reality TV show RuPaul's Drag Race (season 2)
Nigel Brooks (born 1936), English composer
Noah Brooks, American journalist
Noel Edgell Brooks, Canadian railway engineer, for whom Brooks, Alberta, was named
Nona L. Brooks (1861–1945), American minister
Norman Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
O
Oland J. Brooks, American financier, founder of Brooks Steam Motors
Oliver Brooks, British soldier
Oswald Brooks (born ), Jamaican trumpet player
Overton Brooks, American politician
P
Pamela Brooks (born 1966), British writer
Pamela Brooks (born 1956), American composer and performer, known by the stage name Pamela Z
Patricia Brooks (1937–1993), American opera singer
Pattie Brooks, American singer
Patty Brooks, fictional character in the American TV show 24
Paul Brooks (born 1959), British film producer
Paul Brooks (author) (1909–1998), American nature writer and editor
Paul Brooks (cricketer) (1921–1946), English cricketer
Paula Brooks, fictional DC Comics supervillain
Paula Brooks (politician) (born 1953), American politician
Perry Brooks (1954–2010), American football player
Peter Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Philip Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Phillips Brooks, American Episcopalian bishop and writer
Phyllis Brooks (1915–1995), American actress and model
Preston Brooks, American politician
Priest Joseph Brooks (born 1972), American hip hop producer and rapper, known by the stage name Soopafly
Q
Quincy Brooks IV (born 1977), American rapper, known by the stage name San Quinn
R
R. L. Brooks, American singer-guitarist in the band Flee the Seen
R. Leonard Brooks, British mathematician
Ralph D. Brooks, Colorado School of Mines benefactor, for whom Brooks Field was named
Ralph G. Brooks, American politician
Ramy Brooks, American dog racer
Rand Brooks (1918–2003), American actor
Randy Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Ray Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Rayshard Brooks, African American fatally shot by police in Atlanta
Rebekah Brooks, British journalist
Reggie Brooks (born 1971), American football player
Reva Brooks (1913–2004), Canadian photographer
Rich Brooks, see Richard Brooks (disambiguation)
Richard Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Rob Brooks, American ice hockey team owner
Robert Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Robin Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Rodney Brooks (born 1954), director of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Rodregis Brooks (born 1978), American football player
Romaine Brooks, American painter
Ron Brooks (born 1988), American football player
Ron Brooks, American rapper, known by the stage name Money-B
Ronnie Brooks (Law & Order: UK), fictional character from Law & Order: UK
Ronnie Baker Brooks (born 1967), American blues guitarist
Rory and Elizabeth Brooks, British philanthropists after whom the Brooks World Poverty Institute was named
Rosa Brooks, American law professor
Ross Brooks (born 1937), Canadian ice hockey player
Roy Brooks (1938–2005), American jazz drummer
Ruby Brooks (1861–1906), American banjoist
Rusty Brooks (1958–2021), American professional wrestler
Ryan Brooks (born 1988) American basketball player
S
Sacha Brooks, British DJ
Samuel Brooks (disambiguation), including Sam and Sammy, multiple people
Scott Brooks (born 1965), American basketball player
Scott Martin Brooks (born 1972), American actor
Shanon Brooks, American university president
Shamarh Brooks (born 1988), Barbadian cricketer
Sharon Sanders Brooks, American politician from Missouri
Shauna Brooks (actress), American actress and artist
Sheila Brooks, American journalist
Sheldon Brooks (1811-1883), American businessman, physician, and politician
Shelton Brooks (1886–1975), American popular music composer
Shepher Brooks, owner of the Shepherd Brooks Estate
Sheri-Ann Brooks (born 1983), Jamaican sprinter
Shirley Brooks (1816–1874), English journalist and novelist
Shirley Brooks, plaintiff/appellee in Flagg Brothers, Inc. v. Brooks
Sidney Johnson Brooks Jr. (died 1917), American aviator for whom Brooks Air Force Base was named
Sierra Brooks (gymnast) (born 2001), American gymnast
Simon Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Siobhan Brooks (born 1972), American sociologist and activist
Stacy Brooks (born 1952), public critic of the Church of Scientology
Stan Brooks (radio broadcaster) (1927–2013), American radio broadcaster
Stanley Brooks, American film and television producer
Stella Brooks (1910–2002), American jazz vocalist
Stennett H. Brooks (died 2004), American pastor
Stephen Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Steve Brooks, see Stephen Brooks (disambiguation)
Stratton D. Brooks (1870–1949), American educator
Stuart M. Brooks (born 1936), American pulmonary doctor
Sue Brooks (born 1953), Australian film director and producer
Susan Brooks (born 1960), American politician
Susan Brooks, plaintiff in Brooks v. Canada Safeway Ltd.
Sydney Brooks (1872–1937), British author and critic
Sylvia Brooks, American jazz musician
T
Tamara Brooks (1941–2012), American choral conductor
Ted Brooks (1898–1960), English cricketer
Terrance Brooks (1963–2011), American football player and coach
Terrence Brooks (born 1991), American football player
Terron Brooks, American singer and actor
Terry Brooks (born 1944), American author
Terry Brooks (basketball), American basketball player
Theodore Marley Brooks, fictional character from Doc Savage
Thomas Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Tia Brooks (born 1990), American shot putter
Tiffany Brooks (baseball), American baseball player
Tim Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Timothy L. Brooks (born 1964), American attorney
Tina Brooks, American jazz saxophonist
Tom or Tommy Brooks, see Thomas Brooks (disambiguation)
Tony Brooks (racing driver) (1932–2022), British racing driver
Tony Brooks (American football) (born 1969), American football player
Tracey Brooks, American politician
Traci Brooks, Canadian professional wrestler
Travis Brooks, Australian field hockey player
Trevor Brooks (born 1975), British alleged terrorist, also known as Abu Izzadeen
V
Van Wyck Brooks, American writer
Vaushaun Brooks (born 1980), American hip hop record producer, known by the stage name Maestro
Vic Brooks (born 1948), English cricketer
Victor Brooks (actor) (1918–2000), English actor
Victor Brooks (athlete) (born 1941), Jamaican long jumper
Vincent Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
W
Wallis Brooks, American politician
Walter Brooks (organist) (1837–1902), English organist
Walter Brooks (cricketer) (1884–1965), English cricketer and British Army officer
Walter R. Brooks, American children's writer
Wayne Baker Brooks, American blues musician
Wiley Brooks, founder of the Breatharian Institute of America
Wilks Brooks, owner of the Wilks Brooks House
Will Brooks (born 1986), American mixed martial artist
William Brooks (disambiguation), multiple people
Wyndham Brooks, pen name of American horror author Wayne Robbins
Z
Zoey Brooks, title character of the American TV show Zoey 101
Compound surnames
Harold Brooks-Baker, American journalist
Ruth Brooks Flippen (1921–1981), American screenwriter
Reginald Brooks-King (1861–1938), Welsh archer
Corrin Brooks-Meade (born 1988), English footballer
Renel Brooks-Moon (born 1958), American public address announcer
Ellenese Brooks-Simms, Louisiana school official
John Brooks Close-Brooks (1850–1914), English banker and amateur rower, who competed as John Brooks Close
Caroline St John-Brooks, British journalist and academic
Birnie Stephenson-Brooks, Guayanese judge
See also
Brooks baronets
Brooks–McFarland Feud
Brooks (disambiguation)
Brook (surname)
Brooke (surname)
Brookes (disambiguation)
References
English-language surnames
Surnames of English origin |
Thijs Johannes Reinier van Dam (; born 5 January 1997) is a Dutch professional field hockey player who plays as a forward for Rotterdam and the Dutch national team.
Club career
Born in Delft, van Dam started playing at Ring Pass Delft. After the under 14s, he switched to Rotterdam where he currently still plays in the first team.
International career
Van Dam's first international match was for the Dutch national indoor hockey team at the 2016 EuroHockey Indoor Championship, where they finished seventh. In November 2016, van Dam was selected for the 2016 Junior World Cup, where the team finished seventh. He made his debut for the senior national team in a test match in Cape Town, South Africa. He was not selected for the 2017 EuroHockey Championship so he played at the 2017 EuroHockey Junior Championship. He was part of the Dutch team that won the silver medal at the 2018 World Cup. Due to a hip operation, he had to mis the 2019 Pro League.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Delft
Field hockey players from South Holland
Dutch male field hockey players
Male field hockey forwards
2018 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Field hockey players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
HC Rotterdam players
Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey players
2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup players
21st-century Dutch people |
Selzen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Geography
Location
Selzen lies between Mainz and Worms in Rhenish Hesse on the Selz. The winegrowing centre belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz, whose seat is in Oppenheim.
History
In 782, Selzen had its first documentary mention under the name Salzen in the Lorsch codex. Grave finds from the New Stone Age (2000 BC), from Roman times (AD 100) and from Frankish times in the 6th and 7th century document a historic place.
From the Early Middle Ages until the 16th century, Selzen belonged to the Worms Cathedral Foundation. The Cathedral Court was the Foundation’s tithe court. In the 15th century, the Electorate of the Palatinate acquired the chapel court and ousted the Worms Cathedral Foundation.
This action is reflected in the then court seal (and in the current coat of arms), with the blazon reading in part “the Palatine lion holds in the right paw the robbed Worms key”. In 1792, the Worms Cathedral Foundation’s ecclesiastical landlordship ended, and along with that, so did the tithes payable to Worms. Such joy was brought by this that the elm at Selzen’s southeast corner was felled and the community had a bonfire.
In 1797, Selzen passed with the entire département Mont-Tonnerre to the French First Republic. In 1816, however, French rule ended and it thereafter belonged to the newly formed province of Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen), which in turn belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Since 1945, Selzen has belongs to the state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz). With the administrative reform that came into force in 1972, the municipality became part of the Verbandsgemeinde of Nierstein-Oppenheim.
The Lords of Bolanden owned a castle here in the 12th century. Beginning in 1294, the Worms Cathedral Foundation held the Vogtei. After 1453 when the Foundation had to yield a half of this to the Palatinate, the stronger of the two partners bit by bit usurped the whole lordship over the village. According to a legend, in the Middle Ages, the villagers were obliged to keep the frogs in the Selz or in the pond quiet by striking the water with staves. The lordly household wanted to sleep undisturbed by any croaking. From this comes the villagers’ nickname Selzer Frösche – Selzen Frogs.
Selzen, as witnessed by the Frankish grave finds, grew together from three cores of settlement, the church in the east, the Worms tithe court in the northwest and the mill in the south, near which a stone path (1617) takes the footpath to Undenheim over the Selz. As early as 1413, the Palatinate owned three estates, among which was the still existent Kapellenhof (“Chapel Estate”), where very often exhibitions are held or plays staged during the summer months. In 1572, the Romanesque church was torn down, all but the tower, which still stands today. The new Gothic building was then, in 1740 and 1741, replaced with a Baroque church which houses a Stumm organ from 1787. East of the main thoroughfare, in the sidestreets, are found several timber-frame buildings. At the end of Ostergasse are remnants of pillars from the old fortifications, the Oppenheimer Pforte (gate).
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 17 council members, counting the part-time mayor, with seats apportioned thus:
(as at municipal election held on 13 June 2004)
Mayor
The mayor is Monja Seidel.
Coat of arms
The municipality’s arms might be described thus: Sable, issuant from base sinister a demi-lion Or armed, langued and crowned gules, holding in his gambe dexter a key argent reversed palewise.
The village’s oldest known seal dates from 1537 and shows this same composition.
Culture and sightseeing
Regular events
On Ascension Day or Father's Day, the Cycle Path Festival (Radwegefest) is held.
The Wine Festival is held in Selzen in mid June.
On the second weekend in September, the kermis (church consecration festival, locally known as the Kerb) is held.
Every year on the 4th day in Advent, the men’s singing club and the band perform under the Christmas tree in the community core.
Every December, the church parishes together with the neighbouring municipality of Hahnheim stage the activity Unser Dorf, ein Adventskalender (“Our Village, an Advent Calendar”). Within its framework, a symbolic window opening takes place each evening along with the reading of a Christmas story, a singalong and a drink.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
The municipality is crossed by the L 425 state road. Bundesstraße 420 lies 2 km to the south. The Autobahn A 63 can be reached by car in roughly 10 minutes.
There are bus links to Nieder Olm, Mainz, Alzey and Oppenheim.
References
External links
Municipality’s official webpage
782 establishments
Populated places established in the 8th century
Mainz-Bingen
8th-century establishments in Germany |
Committee of Radio and Television "Polish Radio and Television" () (also called as a Radiocomittee - Radiokomitet) was an institution, which managed all stations of Polish Television and Polish Radio in People's Republic of Poland (PRL) and in the Republic of Poland. It was replaced by two separate entities in 1993 - Polish Radio and Polish Television.
External links
Polish Television
Polish Radio
Television in Poland
Polskie Radio |
```python
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
"""test the correctness of dump and load of data log"""
from io import StringIO
from os import PathLike
import time
from tvm.contrib import utils
from tvm import autotvm
from tvm.autotvm.measure import MeasureInput, MeasureResult, MeasureErrorNo
from tvm.autotvm.record import encode, decode, ApplyHistoryBest, measure_str_key
from tvm.testing.autotvm import get_sample_task
def test_load_dump():
task, target = get_sample_task()
inp = MeasureInput(target, task, task.config_space.get(0))
result = MeasureResult(
(2.0, 2.23, 0.23, 0.123, 0.234, 0.123), MeasureErrorNo.NO_ERROR, 2.3, time.time()
)
for protocol in ["json", "pickle"]:
row = encode(inp, result, protocol=protocol)
inp_2, result_2 = decode(row, protocol=protocol)
assert measure_str_key(inp) == measure_str_key(inp_2), "%s vs %s" % (
measure_str_key(inp),
measure_str_key(inp_2),
)
assert result.costs == result_2.costs
assert result.error_no == result_2.error_no
assert result.timestamp == result_2.timestamp
def test_file_io():
temp = utils.tempdir()
file_path = temp.relpath("temp.log")
tsk, target = get_sample_task()
inputs = [MeasureInput(target, tsk, tsk.config_space.get(i)) for i in range(0, 10)]
results = [MeasureResult((i,), 0, 0, 0) for i in range(0, 10)]
invalid_inp = MeasureInput(target, tsk, tsk.config_space.get(10))
invalid_res = MeasureResult((10,), 0, 0, 0)
# Erase the entity map to test if it will be ignored when loading back.
invalid_inp.config._entity_map = {}
with open(file_path, "w") as fo:
cb = autotvm.callback.log_to_file(fo)
cb(None, inputs, results)
cb(None, [invalid_inp], [invalid_res])
ref = zip(inputs, results)
for x, y in zip(ref, autotvm.record.load_from_file(file_path)):
assert x[1] == y[1]
# Confirm functionality of multiple file loads
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest([file_path, file_path])
x = hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)
assert str(x) == str(inputs[0][2])
def test_apply_history_best(tmpdir):
tsk, target = get_sample_task()
best = str(tsk.config_space.get(2))
inputs_batch_1 = [MeasureInput(target, tsk, tsk.config_space.get(i)) for i in range(3)]
results_batch_1 = [MeasureResult((i,), 0, 0, 0) for i in range(1, 3)]
results_batch_1.append(MeasureResult((0.5,), 0, 2.3, 0))
# Write data out to file
filepath_batch_1 = tmpdir / "batch_1.log"
with open(filepath_batch_1, "w") as file:
autotvm.callback.log_to_file(file)(None, inputs_batch_1, results_batch_1)
# Load best results from Path
assert isinstance(filepath_batch_1, PathLike)
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest(filepath_batch_1)
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
# Load best results from str(Path)
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest(str(filepath_batch_1))
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
# Write data into StringIO buffer
stringio_batch_1 = StringIO()
assert isinstance(filepath_batch_1, PathLike)
callback = autotvm.callback.log_to_file(stringio_batch_1)
callback(None, inputs_batch_1, results_batch_1)
stringio_batch_1.seek(0)
# Load best results from strIO
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest(stringio_batch_1)
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
# Load best result from list of tuples (MeasureInput, MeasureResult)
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest(list(zip(inputs_batch_1, results_batch_1)))
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
# Same thing, but iterable instead of list (i.e. no subscripting)
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest(zip(inputs_batch_1, results_batch_1))
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
def test_apply_history_best_multiple_batches(tmpdir):
tsk, target = get_sample_task()
best = str(tsk.config_space.get(2))
inputs_batch_1 = [MeasureInput(target, tsk, tsk.config_space.get(i)) for i in range(2)]
results_batch_1 = [MeasureResult((i,), 0, 0, 0) for i in range(1, 3)]
filepath_batch_1 = tmpdir / "batch_1.log"
with open(filepath_batch_1, "w") as file:
autotvm.callback.log_to_file(file)(None, inputs_batch_1, results_batch_1)
inputs_batch_2 = [MeasureInput(target, tsk, tsk.config_space.get(i)) for i in range(2, 4)]
results_batch_2 = [MeasureResult((0.5,), 0, 0, 0), MeasureResult((3,), 0, 0, 0)]
filepath_batch_2 = tmpdir / "batch_2.log"
with open(filepath_batch_2, "w") as file:
autotvm.callback.log_to_file(file)(None, inputs_batch_2, results_batch_2)
# Check two Path filepaths works
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest([filepath_batch_1, filepath_batch_2])
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
# Check that an arbitrary Iterable of Paths works
# Calling zip() on a single list gives a non-subscriptable Iterable
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest(zip([filepath_batch_1, filepath_batch_2]))
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
# Check that Iterable of Iterable of tuples is correctly merged
hist_best = ApplyHistoryBest(
zip(
[
zip(inputs_batch_1, results_batch_1),
zip(inputs_batch_2, results_batch_2),
]
)
)
assert str(hist_best.query(target, tsk.workload)) == best
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_load_dump()
test_apply_history_best()
test_file_io()
``` |
Rolf Julius Engen (August 5, 1929 – July 31, 2018) was an American businessman, inventor, basketball player, volleyball player, coach, and entrepreneur in the American fine wine market.
Initially recruited by UCLA coach John Wooden to play basketball on scholarship in 1950, Engen later transitioned to volleyball. A founding member of UCLA's men's volleyball team, Engen was twice selected as first-team All-American, won two National Collegiate Championships, was a nine-time USA Volleyball National Open Champion, a 10-time All-American (consecutively 1953–1962), and 1960 USA Volleyball's Most Valuable Player. Engen won the USA Volleyball All-Time Great Player Award in 1966, was inducted into the Southern California Indoor Volleyball Hall of Fame in 2017, was inducted into the Volleyball Hall of Fame in 1991, and he served as Commissioner of Volleyball at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games.
Early life and playing career
Rolf Engen was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota; he later moved with his family to Santa Ana, California, where he attended Santa Ana Elementary School. Engen began playing volleyball at the Santa Ana YMCA as a teenager in 1947. He was an All-Army setter while stationed with the U.S. Army at Fort Lewis south of Tacoma, Washington.
Engen attended Santa Ana College (SAC) from 1947 through 1950, setting an Eastern Conference record of 18.8 points per game while being named First-Team All-Conference. After graduating from SAC with a degree in business, he was offered a scholarship to UCLA, and in 1950 was recruited to the basketball program by John Wooden. An automobile accident was the cause of his transitional change from basketball to volleyball. He served as both player and coach for the 1953 and 1954 volleyball teams at UCLA, led the Bruins to two consecutive USVBA national championships, and was named First-Team All-Conference both years.
Engen joined the Hollywood YMCA team with other former Bruins and played on eight USVBA Open Championship Teams, was named All-American 10 times (consecutively 1953–1962), and was the 1960 US Open MVP. Engen won gold medals at the 1955 and 1959 Pan-American Games (in Mexico City and Chicago respectively) and was a member of the fifth-place team at the World Games in Paris in 1960. Engen later achieved the National Open Gold in 1964 and in 1966 was named U.S. Volleyball Association All-Time Great Player.
Engen later began to coach. Beginning in the 1970s, he became a coach at Laguna Beach High School (winning two CIF championships and coaching Dusty Dvorak), formed the Laguna Beach Volleyball Club, and coached the boys' team to two silver and three gold medals at the AAU Junior Olympics from 1975 to 1979
In 1984, Engen was appointed Commissioner for Volleyball for the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics, during which the US Team won its first gold medal. Engen was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame in 1991 and was thereafter named to the 1953–78 All-Era team for the years. Engen was also later inducted into the Southern California Indoor Volleyball Hall of Fame in 2017.
Engen also played tennis, which he referred to as “the sport of a lifetime.”
Business career
Engen founded Rolf's Wine & Spirits (originally incorporated as Rolf's Grocery via Rolf Engen Inc.) in 1953 in the citriculture hub of Tustin, California following a five-year period of teaching at Santa Ana High School. Rolf's was the first wine and spirits store in Orange County, California as well as one of the first to be founded in California.
His wine business expanded to Newport Beach, Placentia, Laguna Hills, Orange, and Irvine. He traveled in Europe in the 1960s, and was among the first importers of European wines to Orange County.
He began to develop other wine businesses later in life, filing patents for wine tools, dispensers, preservatives, and services.
Engen was a director and vice chairman of the board of El Dorado Bank in Tustin. El Dorado Bank was acquired by Commerce Security in 1996.
In 2018, Wine Business Monthly called him "the face of wine for southern California for 6 decades." Later in life, Engen sold his retail business, now a division of Santa Ana-based Spectrum Wine, now located in the greater South Coast Metro shopping and business district.
Death
Engen died on July 31, 2018, in Laguna Beach, California.
References
1929 births
2018 deaths
Basketball players from Minneapolis
Sports coaches from Minneapolis
UCLA Bruins men's basketball players
UCLA Bruins men's volleyball players
UCLA Bruins men's basketball coaches
Wine merchants |
Battersea Power Station is a London Underground station in Battersea, London, which forms the terminus of the Northern line extension to Battersea.
Partially funded by the redevelopment of Battersea Power Station, the station serves the redevelopment site, as well as Battersea itself. The station is located on Battersea Park Road, close to Battersea Park railway station and a short walking distance from Queenstown Road railway station, forming an out-of-station interchange with both of them. The line and station opened on 20 September 2021. It is the only station on the London Underground network to include the word 'station' in its name.
Services
The station is located in Zone 1, and is served by the Northern line as part of the extension from Kennington to serve the redevelopment of Battersea Power Station. Trains from Battersea Power Station only run via Charing Cross as the branch is an extension off the Kennington loop.
The station serves as the terminus for the new branch, with a crossover junction prior to the station allowing trains to terminate in either platform. Overrun tunnels underneath Battersea Dogs & Cats Home were proposed, however these were omitted to save money. Provision has been made for a possible future extension to Clapham Junction railway station. The station also serves as an out-of-station interchange with Battersea Park railway station.
Service pattern
8tph to High Barnet via Charing Cross (increases to 10tph in the peak)
2tph to Mill Hill East via Charing Cross
Connections
London Buses routes 156, 344 and 436 serve the station.
Design
The station was designed and built by a joint venture between Laing O'Rourke and Ferrovial Agroman, with station entrance architecture by Grimshaw. The station design allows for future installation of platform screen doors.
Art on the Underground commissioned the artist Alexandre da Cunha to install a permanent piece of artwork in the ticket hall of the station: a kinetic sculpture, using a rotating billboard entitled Sunset, Sunrise, Sunset. In October 2023, a Labyrinth by artist Mark Wallinger was installed at the station, marking 10 years of the artworks and the 160th anniversary of the London Underground.
History
Construction
The station was given final approval by the Secretary of State for Transport in November 2014, before construction began in 2015, with completion originally scheduled for 2020. Tunnelling of the Northern line extension began at Battersea, with the two tunnel boring machines, Helen and Amy, departing the site in March 2017 to dig the running tunnels of the extended line.
In the draft edition of the Transport for London (TfL) "Business Plan 2014", issued as part of the TfL Board papers for their meeting on 10 December 2014, the map TfL's Rail Transport Network at 2021 labelled the terminus as "Battersea Power Station", instead of just "Battersea" as had appeared on previous publications. In December 2015, TfL confirmed that the name of the station will be "Battersea Power Station". This means that it is the only station on the Underground to have the word "station" in its official name. There has been some confusion as to whether to construct the name as "Battersea Power (S/s)tation" or "Battersea Power Station station".
In December 2018, the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, announced that the project would be delayed until September 2021 at the earliest, "to increase the station's capacity to cope with a higher number of passengers than originally forecast".
By June 2019, major tunnelling and track works had been completed, with an engineering train running on the extension for the first time. By February 2020, construction of the station was nearly complete, with platforms, escalators and the London Underground roundel installed on the station. The first London Underground train ran onto the extension over the 2020 Christmas period, marking the start of the signal testing period.
Opening
The station opened on 20 September 2021.
In September 2022, TfL announced that over 5 million trips had been made on the extension since opening, with an average of 80,000 trips a week at Battersea Power Station. Battersea Power Station noted that demand will increase further, as the site reopened as an office and retail complex in October 2022. TfL estimate that demand could increase to 10 million a year by 2024/25.
In November 2022, Battersea Power Station was awarded the Architects' Journal Architecture Award for Infrastructure and Transport, with the station canopy singled out for special praise by the judges.
References
External links
Northern Line Extension from TfL
Battersea
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Wandsworth
Northern line stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2021
Tube stations in the London Borough of Wandsworth |
Below are featured the wheeled undercarriage (also called landing gear) arrangements of some modern commercial jet airliners and large military aircraft.
Types of wheeled units
This table shows the main types of individual, basic wheeled units (single-wheel unit or bogies composed of multiple wheels) used on most aircraft undercarriages.
The tables below show how various types of wheeled units are arranged to form the undercarriages of some popular aircraft from manufacturers Antonov, Airbus, and Boeing.
Antonov
Airbus
Boeing
Aircraft undercarriage |
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