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The Cossack raid on Istanbul in 1620 was a naval operation by Zaporozhian Cossacks, headed by hetman Yakov Wart-Neroda, on the capital of the Ottoman empire.
Raid
In 1620 relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were rapidly deteriorating due to frequent raids from Cossacks. The Ottomans stated that they would break their peace agreement and declare war against Poland if they did not stop the Cossack raids.
The Ottomans promised to abandon these plans if, within four months, the Commonwealth destroyed the Cossacks. Although the Polish ambassador in Istanbul agreed, negotiations soured as the Ottoman ambassador was treated with disrespect. Thus, the Ottomans decided to end the Cossack raids themselves and proceeded to build a string of fortresses in southern Ukraine as preparation. However, the Cossacks had already decided to attack Turkey. Having learned about this, the Polish ambassador immediately escaped from Istanbul. The result of the raid was a Cossack victory.
The Cossacks then raided Varna on the Bulgarian coast, which was under the control of the Ottomans. The city was completely looted.
Consequences
The raid formed the pretext for the Battle of Cecora (1620).
See also
Cossack raid on Istanbul (1615)
Cossack raids on Istanbul (1624)
Sources
1. М. Грушевський. Історія України-Руси. Том VII. Розділ VII. Стор. 7.
2. Cepandant les Cosaques aves les 150 barques ravagent toute la mer Noire — l. c. c. 412.
3. Les Cosaques sont á toute heure pros d'ici sur la mer Noire, ou ils font des prises incroiables veu leur faiblesse et sont en telle reputation, qu' il faut des coups de baston pour faire resoudre les soldats turcs à aller à la guerre contre eux sur quelques galères qne le Grand-Seigr y enovoie avec lagrande peine- Депеші д-Сезі с. 412.
Conflicts in 1620
17th century in Istanbul
17th century in the Zaporozhian Host
1620 in the Ottoman Empire
Military history of Turkey
Military history of Ukraine
Cossack raids on the Ottoman Empire |
The 2018 L. League season is the 30th edition since its establishment. NTV Beleza were the defending champions, having won the Division 1 title in each of the previous three seasons.
Nadeshiko League Division 1
The season began on 21 March 2018 and ended on 3 November 2018.
Teams
Table
Nadeshiko League Division 2
The season will begin on 21 March 2018 and will end on 28 October 2018.
Teams
Table
Challenge League (Division 3)
Teams
East
West
References
External links
Japan Women's Football League official website
Nadeshiko League seasons
1
L
Japan
Japan |
The 1939 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Milan, Italy from 26 August to 3 September 1939. Two events for men were contested, one for professionals and one for amateurs.
Medal summary
Medal table
References
Track cycling
UCI Track Cycling World Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Italy
Sports competitions in Milan
1930s in track cycling
1939 in cycle racing
1930s in Milan |
Gall (; 550 646) according to hagiographic tradition was a disciple and one of the traditional twelve companions of Columbanus on his mission from Ireland to the continent. However, he may have originally come from the border region between Lorraine and Alemannia and only met Columbanus at the monastery of Luxeuil in the Vosges. Gall is known as a representative of the Irish monastic tradition. The Abbey of Saint Gall in the city of Saint Gallen, Switzerland was built upon his original hermitage. Deicolus was the elder brother of Gall.
Biography
The fragmentary oldest Life was recast in the 9th century by two monks of Reichenau, enlarged in 816–824 by Wettinus, and about 833–884 by Walafrid Strabo, who also revised a book of the miracles of the saint. Other works ascribed to Walafrid tell of Saint Gall in prose and verse.
Gall's origin is a matter of dispute. According to his 9th-century biographers in Reichenau, he was from Ireland and entered Europe as a companion of Columbanus. The Irish origin of the historical Gallus was called into question by Hilty (2001), who proposed it as more likely that he was from the Vosges or Alsace region. Schär (2010) proposed that Gall may have been of Irish descent but born and raised in the Alsace.
According to the 9th-century hagiographies, Gall as a young man went to study under Comgall of Bangor Abbey. The monastery at Bangor had become renowned throughout Europe as a great centre of Christian learning. Studying in Bangor at the same time as Gall was Columbanus, who with twelve companions, set out about the year 589.
Gall and his companions established themselves with Columbanus at first at Luxeuil in Gaul. In 610, Columbanus was exiled by leaders opposed to Christianity and fled with Gall to Alemannia. He accompanied Columbanus on his voyage up the Rhine River to Bregenz but when in 612 Columbanus travelled on to Italy from Bregenz, Gall had to remain behind due to illness and was nursed at Arbon. He remained in Alemannia, where, with several companions, he led the life of a hermit in the forests southwest of Lake Constance, near the source of the river Steinach. Cells were soon added for twelve monks whom Gall carefully instructed. Gall was soon known in Switzerland as a powerful preacher.
When the See of Constance became vacant, the clergy who assembled to elect a new bishop were unanimously in favour of Gall. He, however, refused, pleading that the election of a stranger would be contrary to church law. Some time later, in the year 625, on the death of Eustasius, abbott of Luxeuil, a monastery founded by Columbanus, members of that community were sent by the monks to request Gall to undertake the government of the monastery. He refused to quit his life of solitude, and undertake any office of rank which might involve him in the cares of the world. He was then an old man.
He died at the age of ninety-five around 646–650 in Arbon.
Legends
From as early as the 9th century a series of fantastically embroidered Lives of Saint Gall were circulated. Prominent was the story in which Gall delivered Fridiburga from the demon by which she was possessed. Fridiburga was the betrothed of Sigebert II, King of the Franks, who had granted an estate at Arbon (which belonged to the royal treasury) to Gall so that he might found a monastery there.
Another popular story has it that as Gall was travelling in the woods of what is now Switzerland he was sitting one evening warming his hands at a fire. A bear emerged from the woods and charged. The holy man rebuked the bear, so awed by his presence it stopped its attack and slunk off to the trees. There it gathered firewood before returning to share the heat of the fire with Gall. The legend says that for the rest of his days Gall was followed around by his companion the bear.
Veneration
His feast is celebrated on 16 October.
Iconography
Images of Saint Gall typically represent him standing with a bear.
Legacy
When Columbanus, Gall and their companions left Ireland for mainland Europe, they took with them learning and the written word.
Their effect on the historical record was significant as the books were painstakingly reproduced on vellum by monks across Europe. Many of the Irish texts destroyed in Ireland during Viking raids were preserved in Abbeys across the channel.
Abbey of St. Gall
For several decades after his death, Gall's hermit cell remained; his disciples remained together in the cell he had built and followed the rule of St. Columban, combining prayer with work of the hands and reading with teaching. In 719, St. Otmar, the brotherhood's first abbot, extended Gall's cell into the Abbey of St. Gall, which became the nucleus of the Canton of St. Gallen in eastern Switzerland. The abbey followed the rule of St. Benedict of Nursia beginning in 747. As many as 53 monks joined the order under St. Otmar and the community grew to acquire land in Thurgau, the region of Zurich and Alemannia, up to the River Neckar. In the second half of the 8th century, the community continued to grow but became legally dependent on the Bishop of Constance. After an extended conflict with the see of Constance, the Abbey of St. Gallen regained its independence in the 9th century when Emperor Louis the Pious made it a royal monastery. The Abbey's monastery and especially its celebrated scriptorium (evidenced from 760 onwards) played an illustrious part in Catholic and intellectual history until it was secularised in 1798. It is very likely that Gall kept a small library of books for himself and his disciples for their liturgical worship. Following his death and the establishment of his tomb, the brotherhood of priests gathered there likely added to this small collection of books. These books would become the basis for the Abbey Library of Saint Gall.
In popular culture
St Gall is the name of a wheel shaped hard cheese made from the milk of Friesian cows, which won a Gold Medal at the World Cheese Awards held in Dublin 2008.
Robertson Davies, in his book, The Manticore, interprets the legend in Jungian psychological terms. In the final scene of the novel where David Staunton is celebrating Christmas with Lizelloti Fitziputli, Magnus Eisengrim, and Dunstan Ramsay he is given a gingerbread bear. Ramsay explains that Gall made a pact of peace with a bear who was terrorizing the citizens of the nearby village. They would feed him gingerbread and he would refrain from eating them. The parable is presented as a Jungian exhortation to make peace with one's dark side. This Jungian interpretation is however incompatible with Catholic Orthodoxy which Gall promoted.
See also
List of Orthodox saints
List of Roman Catholic saints
Notes
Bibliography
Joynt, Maud, tr. and ed., The Life of St Gall, Llanerch Press, Burnham-on-Sea, 1927.
Schär, Max, Gallus. Der Heikiger in seiner Zeit, Schwabe Verlag, Basle, 2011.
Schmid, Christian, Gallusland. Auf den Spuren des heiligen Gallus, Paulus Verlag, Fribourg, 2011.
Music and musicians in medieval Irish society, Ann Buckley, pp. 165–190, Early Music xxviii, no.2, May 2000
Music in Prehistoric and Medieval Ireland, Ann Buckley, pp. 744–813, in A New History of Ireland, volume one, Oxford, 2005
External links
The Origins of Traditional Irish Music
Orthodox Icons of St Gall
St. Gall, Abbot at the Christian Iconography web site.
550 births
640s deaths
7th-century Frankish saints
Abbey of Saint Gall
Medieval Irish musicians
6th-century Irish priests
Medieval Irish saints
Medieval Irish saints on the Continent
Irish expatriates in France
Irish expatriates in Germany
Irish expatriates in Italy
Colombanian saints
6th-century Irish writers
7th-century Irish writers
People from Arbon
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain |
This is a list of all men, boys and women who have captained a Sri Lankan national cricket team at official international level. Sri Lanka became a full member of the International Cricket Council on 21 July 1981. Previously they were an associate member of the ICC from 1965, which made them eligible to compete in the ICC Trophy, the leading one-day tournament for associate members. Just after Sri Lanka gained Test status in 1981 a team of rebel players toured apartheid South Africa under the banner "Arosa Sri Lanka" (the term "Arosa" being derived from the promoter's name). All players who toured Sri Lanka were banned from official cricket matches for life, thereby setting Sri Lanka's development back. Sri Lanka's greatest success in One Day Internationals was when they won the Cricket World Cup in 1996 under the captaincy of Arjuna Ranatunga.
Men's cricket
Test match captains
This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Sri Lankan cricket team for at least one Test match. The table of results is complete including the first Test against Bangladesh which ended on 4 February 2018. Where a player has a dagger (†) next to a Test match series in which he captained at least one Test, that denotes that player captained this side for a minor proportion in a series.
Notes:
1 Asian Test Championship
² Final of the Asian Test Championship
Updated 27 March 2022
Men's One-Day International captains
This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Sri Lankan cricket team for at least one One Day International. Sri Lanka's greatest success was when they won the 1996 cricket World Cup under the captaincy of Arjuna Ranatunga.
Updated 03 October 2023
Twenty20 International captains
This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Sri Lankan cricket team for at least one Twenty20 International.
Updated: 12 September 2022
ICC Trophy
The ICC Trophy is the leading one-day tournament from non-Test teams, and Sri Lanka participated in the tournament before they gained Test status. This is a list of the men who captained Sri Lanka in the ICC Trophy.
Other Men's captains
Rebel tours to South Africa
In October and November 1982 a group of Sri Lankan cricketers went on a private tour of apartheid South Africa. It was the first time a tour comprising all non-white cricketers had toured white South Africa (a team of Kenyan Asians had previously visited the black areas of South Africa, and the International Wanderers XI
Women's cricket
Test match captains
This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Sri Lankan women's cricket team for at least one women's Test match. Sri Lanka have played only one women's Test.
Women's One-Day International captains
This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Sri Lankan women's cricket team for at least one women's one-day international. The table of results is complete to the women's ODI against South Africa in the World Cup in 2004/5. Sri Lanka have never reached the semi-final stage in women's World Cups.
Women's Twenty20International captains
Youth cricket
Test match captains
This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Sri Lankan Under-19 cricket team for at least one under-19 Test match. The table of results is complete to the second "Test" against Pakistan in 2004/5. Where a player has a dagger (†) next to a Test match series in which he captained at least one Test, that denotes that player was captain for a minor proportion in a series. The very nature of Under-19 cricket means that in practice no youth captains the side for more than one year.
Youth One-Day International captains
This is a list of cricketers who have captained the Sri Lankan Under-19 cricket team for at least one Under-19 One Day International. The table of results is complete to the end of the 2005/6 Afro-Asia Cup. Sri Lanka's best result in the Under-19 World Cup was as runners-up in 1999/2000 under the captaincy of Malintha Gajanayake.
See also
List of international cricket grounds in Sri Lanka
References
CricketArchive
Cricinfo
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Notes
Captains
National
Sri Lanka |
Lola Igna () is a 2019 Filipino Dramedy film directed and written by Eduardo Roy Jr., and starring veteran actress Angie Ferro, and Yves Flores. It had a theatrical release in the Philippines on September 12, 2019, as one of the entries of the 2019 Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino.
Plot
Lola Igna, a centenarian farmer living alone in a hut on her ricefield, becomes the subject of media attention in her sleepy provincial town when the Mayor announces that she has a shot at becoming the world's oldest living grandmother. Asked what she wants in life, she shocks everyone when she says she wants to die.
Igna's granddaughter Nida takes advantage of her grandmother's new-found fame by selling themed merchandise of her while Igna tries to maintain her routine and fend off droves of journalists and tourists at her home. One day, she empties her urinal at a boy who turns out to be Tim, her great-grandson from her estranged other granddaughter Ana, who left years ago after an argument with Nida. Tim explains that he left her mother to escape domestic troubles and seeks to reconnect with Lola Igna while making a vlog. Tim quickly learns the ropes at farm work and helps Igna gather wood, which Igna tells will be used for building her coffin. Igna explains that she started preparing for her death after seeing her late husband Carias one night, thinking that he is coming to take her into the afterlife. Tim is perplexed but continues to gather the wood.
After attending a wake, Igna breaks down in front of Tim, saying that the reason she wants to die is that she has been fed up attending the funerals of everyone she has known, particularly as she has outlived many of those she had helped be born as a midwife. Tim finally understands Igna's predicament and proceeds wholeheartedly into building her coffin, despite Nida's protests. He also teaches Igna how to use his technical equipment as she opens up to visitors and well-wishers. Some time later, a pregnant Ana arrives to be with her son and grandmother and reconciles with Nida. Ana then goes into labor and gives birth by the ricefield, only to die upon seeing Carias. Igna uses her coffin for Ana's funeral instead.
Media attention on Igna fades away as another person wins the oldest living grandmother title, and life in town returns to normal. Tim stays on with Igna at the farm while raising her sister.
Cast
Main cast
Angie Ferro as Lola Igna
Yves Flores as Tim
Supporting cast
Maria Isabel Lopez as Nida
Meryll Soriano as Ana
Soliman Cruz as Town Mayor
Royce Cabrera as Bok
Jojo Riguerra as Nida's Husband
Peewee O'Hara as Senyang (Nida's Storekeeper)
Armand Reyes as Gusting
Joel Saracho as Quack Doctor
Rener Concepcion as Carias
Chamyto Aguedan as Tourist
Sarah Pagkalinawan-Brakensiek as Tourist
Production
Lola Igna was directed by Eduardo Roy Jr. under the production of Found Films and EMBA Productions.
According to Roy, the concept of the film originated from his own reflections on his relationship with his maternal great-grandmother who is a resident of Sagada who died at the age of 80 years in 2012. The film was a tribute to Roy's great grandmother, describing it as story of what if he got to bond more with his great grandmother since he did not have a chance to learn more about her since she lived in the remote Mountain Province. Lola Igna is a representation of Roy's great grandmother and the main protagonist who went to Sagada to meet Igna represents himself.
The film was to feature in Cinemalaya twice; the first in 2012 and the second in 2017. The film had to be pulled-out as one of the official entries of the 2012 edition due to revisions on the script that would satisfy the demands of an international distributor and due to budgetary concerns. Work on the film had to be halted due to director Eduardo Roy's illness consequentially caused its withdrawal from the 2017 edition of Cinemalaya.
Release
This film was supposed to be part of Cinemalaya 2012 but it was withdrawn because the film's script was revised by its producer in order to meet the needs of an international distributor. It was chosen again and was supposed to feature as one of the entries of the Cinemalaya 2017 but production backed out from the film fest. In 2018, Lola Igna was chosen as one of the official entries of the 2018 ToFarm Film Festival Philippines. However, it got pulled out again. It was announced as an official entry to the 3rd Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino of the Film Development Council of the Philippines and was shown in Philippine cinemas from September 12–19, 2019.
Reception
Critical reception
The film has received critical acclaim in the 2019 Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino's Awards Night on September 16, 2019. It was awarded the coveted "Best Picture", Best Screenplay, Best Musical Score and Best Actress for Angie Ferro.
A review excerpt published by GMA News and written by J. Neil Garcia stated: "What an ordinary, straightforward, and given the recent spate of miserablist and ‘poverty-porny’ films entirely refreshing vision of our people’s inner truth—indeed, of all of humanity’s inner and most resplendent truth: while everyone and everything passes, what will remain of us is love. Kudos, hence, to Lola Igna’s producers, writers, cast, and crew, for such a touching and memorable film. Congratulations to Roy, who is moving from strength to strength as a director, and who is definitely one of our cinema’s bright new lights. And of course, hats off and immense respect to the great Angie Ferro, whose dignified and poignantly human ‘enfleshment’ of Lola Igna will doubtless be a touchstone performance for other actors for many generations to come."
Meanwhile, Oggs Cruz of Rappler.com commented that, "Eduardo Roy, Jr.’s Lola Igna is an absolute charmer. Society still plays a crucial part in this otherwise private concern, and Roy doesn’t just understand that, he fully comprehends that everything is interconnected. The film instinctively balances the inhumanity of being a world record and the profoundness of the pleasures of death after living a life fully lived, resulting in a truly tender portrait of this world’s most subtle and mysterious injustices."
Miggy Ramos of Cinema Bravo writes a review entitled, "Beautiful, heartfelt lessons in life (and death)", praising the film favorably and stating that, "Lola Igna gives us a chance to revisit our purpose in life: the very reason for our existence. It tells us that life is precious and that we have to be thankful for it every day. We may not know what the future would bring but living in the present is much more important. Lola Igna, as a character and a film, could help us move on from our struggles in life by simply living more and loving the people around us to the fullest."
Accolades
References
2019 films
2019 comedy-drama films
Philippine comedy-drama films
Cinemalaya films
Films directed by Eduardo Roy Jr. |
Wickremasinghe B. Rajaguru (born 31 August 1938) was the 25th Inspector General of the Sri Lanka Police (IGP) (1995–1998).
Rajaguru attended St. Anthony's College, Kandy.
In 1993 he was forcibly retired at the age of 55 but following the election of the People's Alliance government at the 1994 parliamentary elections they granted the option for senior police officers who had faced potential political victimisation to appeal and request to be re-instated with back-wages. Rajaguru was one of the six officers reinstated and placed in the rank of Senior DIG.
He was appointed as IGP on 29 July 1995. In 1996 he established the Central Anti Vice Striking Force (CAVSF), a police division whose focus was stopping public-order crimes like gambling, narcotics, prostitution, and illegal sales of alcohol.
On 7 December 1996 an American-built Bell 212 air force helicopter carrying Sri Lanka’s Deputy Defence Minister, Anuruddha Ratwatte, Army Commander, Rohan Daluwatte and Rajaguru crashed several miles north of the Weli Oya army base in Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam-held jungle of northern Sri Lanka. The officers trekked before being found by commandos sent to rescue them.
Rajaguru retired from the police service on 31 August 1998. He was succeeded by Lakdasa Kodituwakku.
Bibliography
References
1938 births
Living people
Alumni of St. Anthony's College, Kandy
Sinhalese police officers
Sri Lankan Inspectors General of Police |
```jsx
import VarItem from "components/VarItem";
import { CSSVAR_KEYS } from "root/constants";
import cn from "root/App.module.css";
function Progress() {
const ids = CSSVAR_KEYS.progress.map((i) => i.id);
return (
<div className={cn.items}>
{ids.map((id) => {
return <VarItem key={id} id={id} />;
})}
</div>
);
}
export default Progress;
``` |
Sébastien Josse is a French professional offshore sailor, born on 31 March 1975 in Montereau-Fault-Yonne (Seine-et-Marne). He is originally from Nice and lives in the Finistère in Clohars-Carnoet. He was nominate for the World Sailing – World Sailor of the Year Awards in 2006.
Career highlights
References
1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Morbihan
French male sailors (sport)
IMOCA 60 class sailors
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
French Vendee Globe sailors
Vendée Globe finishers
2004 Vendee Globe sailors
2008 Vendee Globe sailors
2016 Vendee Globe sailors
People from Hennebont |
Heal the Bay is a U.S. environmental advocacy group of activists based in Santa Monica, California. The focus is protecting coastal waters and watersheds of southern California, and is focused on Santa Monica Bay.
Heal the Bay is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization with full-time paid staff members and volunteers.
History
Heal the Bay was founded in 1985 by a group of citizens led by environmental activist Dorothy Green. Mark Gold became the president of the organization in 2006 and held the position until 2012. The current president and CEO is Shelley Luce, who took the post in April 2017. The organization has become a prominent advocate for the environment in California, and is particularly known for its annual report card ratings of the water quality at beaches along the Pacific coast. It was also active in advocating for restrictions on plastic bags in California.
Work
Heal the Bay supports public health and education outreach programs as well as sponsoring beach cleanup programs such as Coastal Cleanup Day, Adopt-a-Beach and Suits on the Sand in Los Angeles County, California. It operates Heal the Bay Aquarium, which was previously named the Santa Monica Pier Aquarium and formerly known as the Ocean Discovery Center and was operated by UCLA until 2003.
In 2003, then-California Assemblywoman Fran Pavley authored legislation that required the state to develop an environment-based curriculum to be offered to all California public schools. The bill (AB 1548 of 2003) was sponsored by Heal the Bay and was signed into law by then-Governor Gray Davis. The program it set in motion came to be known as the Education and the Environment Initiative (EEI).
Heal the Bay publishes an annual Beach Report Card, which grades the water quality at popular beaches up and down the West Coast of the United States. It also produces weekly and daily beach water quality grades online at beachreportcard.org and river quality grades at the River Report Card.
Recent accomplishments include leading grassroots movements to pass plastic reduction policies like Straws-On-Request and California Proposition 67. Heal the Bay also launched an advocacy campaign to pass Measure W and fund the Safe, Clean Water Program.
In August 2020, news outlets reported single-use PPE items (gloves, surgical masks, etc.) in the Santa Monica Bay shoreline and parking lots. Heal the Bay members are not able to gather in large groups due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
See also
Hyperion sewage treatment plant
References
External links
Official website
Heal the Bay Aquarium
Environmental organizations based in California
Environment of Greater Los Angeles
Water resource policy
Non-profit organizations based in California
Organizations based in Santa Monica, California
501(c)(3) organizations
Environmental organizations established in 1985
1985 establishments in California
Environmental organizations based in Los Angeles |
```smalltalk
namespace Ductus.FluentDocker.Model.Stacks
{
public sealed class StackLsResponse
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Services { get; set; }
public Orchestrator Orchestrator { get; set; }
public string Namespace { get; set; }
public static Orchestrator ToOrchestrator(string value)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
return Orchestrator.All;
value = value.ToLower();
if (value.Equals("kubernetes"))
return Orchestrator.Kubernetes;
return value.Equals("swarm") ? Orchestrator.Swarm : Orchestrator.All;
}
}
}
``` |
Circumferential Road 5 (C-5), informally known as the C-5 Road, is a network of roads and bridges that all together form the fifth beltway of Metro Manila in the Philippines. Spanning some , it connects the cities of Las Piñas, Makati, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City, Taguig, and Valenzuela.
It runs parallel to the four other beltways around Metro Manila, and is also known for being the second most important transportation corridor after Circumferential Road 4.
The route is not yet complete to date, because of certain controversies regarding right of way, but portions of the route are already open for public use. On July 23, 2019, the two segments of the route has been connected together with the completion of the C-5 Southlink Expressway, through a flyover over the Skyway and the SLEX in 2019.
Route description
C-5 lies parallel to other circumferential roads around Metro Manila, most notably EDSA of C-4, passing through the cities of Valenzuela, Quezon City, Pasig, Makati, Taguig, Pasay, Parañaque, and Las Piñas. The road is divided into several segments.
NLEX Harbor Link
From MacArthur Highway in Karuhatan, Valenzuela to Harbor Link Interchange, a cloverleaf interchange with the main line of the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), C-5 is known as NLEX Karuhatan Link or NLEX Segment 9. It is also the first segment of the NLEX Harbor Link project, which connects the NLEX with Port of Manila. The entire toll road is designated as a part of C-5 Road.
From the Harbor Link Interchange to a 3-way signalized junction with Mindanao Avenue, C-5 is known as NLEX–Mindanao Avenue Link or NLEX Segment 8.1. The entire toll road is also designated as a part of C-5 Road.
Mindanao Avenue
At the eastern end of NLEX Segment 8.1, C-5 turns southeast and becomes Mindanao Avenue. It is a 10-lane divided carriageway that serves as the main transportation corridor of Barangays Talipapa and Tandang Sora in Quezon City. The portion of this road from NLEX Segment 8.1 to Congressional Avenue is designated as a portion of C-5.
Congressional Avenue
At the signaled junction with Mindanao Avenue, C-5 turns northeast as the Congressional Avenue, a six-lane divided carriageway that serves as the main east to west transportation corridor of Barangays Bahay Toro, Culiat, Pasong Tamo, and Tandang Sora in Quezon City. It then continues east for up to Luzon Avenue.
Luzon Avenue
At the end of Congressional Avenue Extension, C-5 turns south as Luzon Avenue, a 4-lane divided city road between Barangays Culiat and Matandang Balara in Quezon City, for up to Commonwealth Avenue. The 6-lane Luzon Avenue Flyover carries C-5 across Commonwealth Avenue to connect it with Tandang Sora Avenue.
Tandang Sora Avenue
Southeast of Commonwealth Avenue, C-5 is known as Tandang Sora Avenue. It runs for from Barangay Matandang Balara, going around the University of the Philippines Diliman campus, up to the junction with Magsaysay Avenue.
The original planned route of C-5 included the entire road; however, due to the incapacity of the road to carry a large amount of vehicular traffic, only the portion of the road from the Luzon Avenue Flyover to Magsaysay Avenue was designated as a portion of C-5 Road. Furthermore, Tandang Sora Avenue becomes a six-lane divided carriageway shortly after crossing Capitol Hills Drive, south of the flyover.
Katipunan Avenue
After crossing Magsaysay Avenue, C-5 turns south and becomes Katipunan Avenue, a ten-lane divided carriageway that serves as the main transportation corridor of Matandang Balara, Pansol, Loyola Heights, and Project 4 in Quezon City. It heads south for until its junction with Bonny Serrano Avenue. Shortly before crossing Bonny Serrano Avenue, a 4-lane divided underpass descends from Katipunan Avenue and traverses underneath Col. Bonny Serrano Avenuel and ascends into Libis Flyover, which immediately connects it to E. Rodriguez Jr. Avenue.
Colonel Bonny Serrano Avenue
C-5 passes through a section of Colonel Bonny Serrano Avenue, a four-lane undivided avenue, as a connecting corridor from Katipunan Avenue to Eulogio Rodriguez Jr. Avenue. The Libis Tunnel and Libis Flyover traverse between the avenue's westbound and eastbound lanes.
Eulogio Rodriguez Jr. Avenue
At its junction with Bonny Serrano Avenue and FVR Road at the Libis Tunnel and Libis Flyover, C-5 then turns south as Eulogio Rodriguez Jr. Avenue, a , 10-lane divided road that serves as the main thoroughfare between Quezon City and Pasig. The road ends in a junction with Pasig Boulevard and continues onto C.P. Garcia Bridge that crosses the Pasig River and eventually becomes Carlos P. Garcia Avenue shortly afterwards. The avenue is named after Eulogio Rodriguez Jr., a former representative and governor of Rizal.
Carlos P. Garcia Avenue
Past the C.P. Garcia Bridge over the Pasig River, C-5 becomes Carlos P. Garcia Avenue. It is a , fourteen-lane divided road that serves as the main thoroughfare from Makati to Taguig. It passes through a small portion of Embo, Makati and continuously passing Taguig, where it bypasses Bonifacio Global City and meets the exit ramps to the C-5 Southlink Expressway and the South Luzon Expressway, before ending at the intersection with East Service Road.
This is not to be mistaken with the legal name of the C-5 route.
C-5 Road Extension
Across the South Luzon Expressway, C-5 continues as C-5 Road Extension from West Service Road near Merville Exit of SLEX in Pasay. It also serves as the two frontage roads of C-5 Southlink Expressway's section in Pasay. It traverses south of Ninoy Aquino International Airport and enters Parañaque. In Barangay Santo Niño, C-5 is briefly known as Kaingin Road, passing by warehouses up to Multinational Avenue. It then curves around Amvel City, crosses Dr. A. Santos Avenue and Diego Cera Avenue, and ends at the Manila–Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) in Las Piñas. The future LRT Line 1 Extension will run along most of the Las Piñas segment of C-5 Road Extension.
Location on the West Valley Fault
Studies conducted by the PHIVOLCS revealed that a large portion of C-5 is built on top of the West Valley Fault. A map of the fault line released on May 18, 2015, shows C-5 in Taguig beside the fault line. The C-5 road is prone to liquefaction.
History
The proposal for the Metro Manila Arterial Road System was done in the late 1960s. The proposal states of building 10 radial roads and 6 circumferential roads to support the growing vehicular population of Metro Manila. Circumferential Road 5's original alignment was to begin near Manila Bay in Navotas at the north and traverse around the city of Manila up to Radial Road 1 (now comprises the Manila–Cavite Expressway) at the south.
Circumferential Road 5 began construction in 1986. The first phase of the C-5 Road from Taguig to Pasig, which costed approximately to construct, was officially inaugurated by President Fidel V. Ramos on December 30, 1994. Under the power of Republic Act No. 8224, which was passed on November 6, 1996, the C-5 road was legally known as President Carlos P. Garcia Avenue, after the eighth President of the Philippines, Carlos P. Garcia.
Extensions
On July 23, 2007, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo announced on her State of the Nation Address that C-5 Road will be extended to the north of Metro Manila up to North Luzon Expressway in Valenzuela.
On June 2010, the NLEX–Mindanao Avenue Link (Segment 8.1) in Valenzuela and Congressional Avenue Extension from Tandang Sora to Luzon Avenues in Quezon City opened to all motorists in the North Extension. Carlos P. Garcia Avenue Extension in the South Extension located in Parañaque were also opened. In March 2015, the NLEX–Karuhatan Link (Segment 9) was opened to all motorists. The opening of the Segment 9 from NLEx to MacArthur Highway in Karuhatan, Valenzuela served as a preparation for the Holy Week season.
At present, the new Luzon Avenue Flyover connecting Tandang Sora and Luzon Avenues across Commonwealth Avenue was opened to all motorists. Prior to the opening of the flyover, the Congressional Avenue Extension from Visayas to Luzon Avenue was opened in 2010 to decongest heavy traffic in Visayas–Tandang Sora Avenue Intersection.
Controversies
In 2012, the Senate of the Philippines investigated the south extension project where it would pass several of Manny Villar's properties, such as Camella. The original extension, called Manila–Cavite Toll Expressway Project (MCTEP), was already approved by the Senate and would have been made as a toll expressway. The project eventually resurrected as C-5 Southlink Expressway.
C-5 Expressway
In 1993, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted a study on the proposed urban expressway system in Metro Manila. The master plan for the planned network meant to have of expressways included the proposed Central Circumferential Expressway that would follow the old C-5 alignment from Navotas to Parañaque with the total length of about .
More than two decades later, NLEX Corporation (formerly Manila North Tollways Corporation) and CAVITEX Infrastructure Inc., submitted a proposal for C-5 Expressway, a fully elevated expressway that would further decongest the existing C-5 and provide a fully controlled-access route between C-5 Southlink Expressway and NLEX Segment 8.2 (C-5 Link). The proposed expressway would utilize portions of the existing C-5's right of way between SLEX and Pasig Boulevard, and run above Marikina River from Pasig Boulevard to Luzon Avenue.
Exits and intersections
NLEX Mindanao Avenue & Karuhatan Link
C-5 Extension
Notes
External links
References
Routes in Metro Manila |
Out to Lunch may refer to:
Out to Lunch!, a 1964 album by Eric Dolphy
Out to Lunch (album), a 1994 album by Mainesthai
Out to Lunch (TV program), a 1974 ABC special
Out to Lunch (video game), a multi-platform action video game created by Mindscape
"Out to Lunch", a poem in the Conductors of Chaos poetry anthology
"Out To Lunch", a song by Krokus from The Blitz
"Out to Lunch", a column by South African writer David Bullard
See also
"Along Comes Mary", a song by The Association which famously has the phrase in its chorus |
Shenanigans is the second compilation album by American rock band Green Day. It was released on July 2, 2002, by Reprise Records. The album contains B-sides, rarities, covers, and the previously unreleased track "Ha Ha You're Dead". "Espionage", a spy-themed instrumental, was featured on the soundtrack for Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me and "Tired of Waiting for You", their cover of the Kinks song of the same name, was featured on the soundtrack for the 1997 film Private Parts.
Shenanigans peaked at number 27 on the US Billboard 200 upon its release and has sold 280,000 units as of September 2010. Even though the original cover does not feature a title, several retailers fixed confusion over it by designing a sticker which was plastered on the front. In a September 2009 interview by Fuse on Demand, when asked who designed the cover for the group's eighth studio album 21st Century Breakdown (2009), Billie Joe Armstrong said that Chris Bilheimer designed it as well as the last four album covers.
The album was supposed to include a track titled "D.U.I." (written and sung by Tré Cool), but was removed. It was only available on unmastered copies of the album.
Musical style and composition
Shenanigans been described musically as a mix of punk rock, skate punk, and hardcore punk.
Track listing
Personnel
Green Day
Billie Joe Armstrong – lead vocals, guitar
Mike Dirnt – bass guitar, backing vocals, baseball bats on "Desensitized" and co-lead vocals on "Outsider"
Tré Cool – drums, percussion, lead vocals on "D.U.I." (promotional unmastered copies only)
Production
Rob Cavallo – producer
Green Day – producers
Jerry Finn – mixing on "You Lied", "Don't Wanna Fall in Love", "I Want to Be on T.V.", "Tired of Waiting for You", "Rotting", "Do Da Da", "On the Wagon"
Kevin Army – engineer on "You Lied", "Don't Wanna Fall in Love", "I Want to Be on T.V.", "Rotting", "Do Da Da"
Neill King – engineering on "Tired of Waiting for You", "On the Wagon", mixing on "Sick of Me"
Ken Allardyce – engineering on "Suffocate", "Desentitized", "Espionage", "Sick of Me"
Chris Dugan – engineering on "Ha Ha You're Dead"
Casey McKrankin – additional engineering on "Tired of Waiting for You" and "On the Wagon"
Willie Samuels – engineering on "Outsider", "Scumbag", "Ha Ha You're Dead"
Chris Lord-Alge – mixing on "Suffocate", "Desentitized", "Espionage", "Sick of Me"
Steve Hall – mastering on "Suffocate", "Desentitized", "Espionage", "Sick of Me"
Bob Ludwig – mastering on "You Lied", "Don't Wanna Fall in Love", "I Want to Be on T.V.", "Rotting", "Do Da Da"
Robert Vosgein – mastering on "Outsider", "Scumbag", "Ha Ha You're Dead"
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
References
External links
Shenanigans at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)
Green Day compilation albums
2002 compilation albums
B-side compilation albums
Reprise Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Rob Cavallo
Skate punk albums
Hardcore punk albums by American artists |
Med-Vet-Net is a European Network of Excellence for zoonosis research. The Network officially commenced on 1 September 2004 until 31 October 2009. It was funded for five years at a cost of €14.4 million (£10 million) by the European Union (EU) 6th Framework Programme, within the ‘Quality and Safety of Food’ Priority Area. In October 2009 the network continued to start the Med-Vet-Net Association for Zoonoses Research.
Zoonoses are diseases that are naturally transmitted from animals to man.
Med-Vet-Net aimed to develop a network of excellence for the integration of veterinary, medical and food scientists, in the field of food safety, at the European Level, in order to improve research on the prevention and control of zoonoses, including food-borne diseases. The Network also aimed to take into account the public health concerns of consumers and other stakeholders throughout the food chain.
Med-Vet-Net comprised 15 partners across Europe and over 300 scientists. The institutes involved consisted of eight veterinary, seven public health institutes and one learned society from 10 European countries. All partner institutes had national reference laboratory-based responsibilities for the prevention and control of zoonoses.
Med-Vet-Net Association for Zoonoses Research
Following the end of EU funding the Med-Vet-Net Association was officially launched in October 2009 to continue work started within the former Network of Excellence. The self-funded Association, currently comprises 21 European research institutes.
(Austria) Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES)
(Austria) University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
(Belgium) SCIENSANO
(Denmark] Statens Serum Institut (SSI)
(Denmark) Technical University of Denmark (Vet-DTU) (Food-DTU)
(Denmark) Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
(Finland) Finnish Food Authority (RUOKA)
(France) Agence nationale de securite sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) (Formerly AFSSA)
(Germany) Federal Institute for RiskAssessment | Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR)
(Ireland) Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL)
(Ireland) National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG)
(Italy) Central Public Health Institute in Italy | Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS)
(Netherlands) Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR) (formerly Central Veterinary Institute; CVI) of Wageningen University & Research (WUR)
(Netherlands) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment | Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheit en Milieu (RIVM)
(Norway) Norwegian Veterinary Institute | Veterinærinstituttet (NVI)
(Norway) Norwegian Institute for Public Health (FHI)
(Poland) National Veterinary Research Institute | Państwowy Instytut Weterynaryjny - Państwowy Instytut Babdwczy (PIWET)
(Spain) The Complutense University of Madrid | Complutense University Madrid (UCM)
(Serbia) Pasteur Institute Novi Sad | ЗАРЗ Пастеров завод Нови Сад (PINS)
(Sweden) National Veterinary Institute | Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt (SVA)
(UK) Animal Health and Plant Health Agency (APHA)
(UK) University of Surrey (UoS)
References
External links
Animal disease control
Medical research organizations
Zoonoses |
Kuźniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrowo, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Obrowo and east of Toruń.
References
Villages in Toruń County |
Czechoslovak Togo (; ) was a never realised concept of a Czechoslovak colony in West Africa. The author of this idea is considered to be the Czech adventurer , but sometimes also the Czech orientalist Alois Musil or Emil Holub. It is necessary to mention that the official documents do not mention in any way the possibility that the Togo region would fall under the administration of the newly established Czechoslovakia, so the idea of a Czechoslovak overseas territory is seen only as a kind of "wish" of some inhabitants rather than a historical fact. In reality, post-war Togo was divided between France and the United Kingdom.
Historical context
The idea of establishing a Czechoslovak colony came closest after the end of the First World War, when the Paris Peace Conference with the defeated Germany was taking place. Here it was decided, among other things, that the German Empire would be stripped of its overseas territories, which included today's Togo, then known as Togoland. In 1919 Havlasa published a booklet called Czech Overseas Colonies (Czech: České kolonie zámořské) in which he identified Togo as the most suitable territory for colonisation. One of the reasons why this particular area was to become a Czechoslovak colony was the fact that the Togolese population in the former German colony in 1912 numbered slightly over a million and the area occupied roughly a third of Czechoslovakia (to give an idea, Czechoslovak area was 140,446 km² large at the time of its creation, while today's Togo has 56,789 km²), so it was judged that the Czechoslovak authorities would have no problem with administering the territory. This was to be achieved with the help of the experienced Czechoslovak legions returning from Siberia across the Pacific Ocean and on across the Atlantic, while Togo still had a partial colonial administration and order left over from the Germans, which was familiar to the Czechs, who had lived in the German area for several centuries. There were over 60,000 Czechoslovak legionnaires in transit at the time.
Possible administration
If Togo had indeed become a colony of Czechoslovakia at that time, it was believed that iron ore and other goods such as cocoa, coffee, millet and leather could be imported from there to the Czechoslovak port in Germany, which seemed to be a great benefit for Czechoslovak factories. Some travellers, such as Vilém Němec, had the idea that large companies such as Škoda or ČKD could become involved in the colony and build their factories there, thus making use of the local labour force. Other proponents of the idea envisaged that the local population would be educated with the help of Czech teachers, similar to what had been done in Zakarpattia. In Togo, Czechoslovaks would also encounter diseases typical of the African continent, such as sleeping sickness, yellow fever and malaria, to a greater extent for the first time.
German postage stamps
There are cases when overprints of Č.S.P. appeared on German colonial stamps from Togo. The origin of this modification is unknown, it could have been a private modification (Č.S.P. as an abbreviation for Czechoslovak Post) by an unknown author on some of the surplus German stamps.
See also
Colonization attempts by Poland
References
History of European colonialism
History of Togo
History of Czechoslovakia |
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
''' Nose test generators
Need function load / save / roundtrip tests
'''
from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import
import os
from os.path import join as pjoin, dirname
from glob import glob
from io import BytesIO
from tempfile import mkdtemp
from scipy._lib.six import u, text_type, string_types
import warnings
import shutil
import gzip
from numpy.testing import (assert_array_equal, assert_array_almost_equal,
assert_equal, assert_raises, run_module_suite,
assert_)
import numpy as np
from numpy import array
import scipy.sparse as SP
import scipy.io.matlab.byteordercodes as boc
from scipy.io.matlab.miobase import matdims, MatWriteError, MatReadError
from scipy.io.matlab.mio import (mat_reader_factory, loadmat, savemat, whosmat)
from scipy.io.matlab.mio5 import (MatlabObject, MatFile5Writer, MatFile5Reader,
MatlabFunction, varmats_from_mat,
to_writeable, EmptyStructMarker)
from scipy.io.matlab import mio5_params as mio5p
test_data_path = pjoin(dirname(__file__), 'data')
def mlarr(*args, **kwargs):
"""Convenience function to return matlab-compatible 2D array."""
arr = np.array(*args, **kwargs)
arr.shape = matdims(arr)
return arr
# Define cases to test
theta = np.pi/4*np.arange(9,dtype=float).reshape(1,9)
case_table4 = [
{'name': 'double',
'classes': {'testdouble': 'double'},
'expected': {'testdouble': theta}
}]
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'string',
'classes': {'teststring': 'char'},
'expected': {'teststring':
array([u('"Do nine men interpret?" "Nine men," I nod.')])}
})
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'complex',
'classes': {'testcomplex': 'double'},
'expected': {'testcomplex': np.cos(theta) + 1j*np.sin(theta)}
})
A = np.zeros((3,5))
A[0] = list(range(1,6))
A[:,0] = list(range(1,4))
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'matrix',
'classes': {'testmatrix': 'double'},
'expected': {'testmatrix': A},
})
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'sparse',
'classes': {'testsparse': 'sparse'},
'expected': {'testsparse': SP.coo_matrix(A)},
})
B = A.astype(complex)
B[0,0] += 1j
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'sparsecomplex',
'classes': {'testsparsecomplex': 'sparse'},
'expected': {'testsparsecomplex': SP.coo_matrix(B)},
})
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'multi',
'classes': {'theta': 'double', 'a': 'double'},
'expected': {'theta': theta, 'a': A},
})
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'minus',
'classes': {'testminus': 'double'},
'expected': {'testminus': mlarr(-1)},
})
case_table4.append(
{'name': 'onechar',
'classes': {'testonechar': 'char'},
'expected': {'testonechar': array([u('r')])},
})
# Cell arrays stored as object arrays
CA = mlarr(( # tuple for object array creation
[],
mlarr([1]),
mlarr([[1,2]]),
mlarr([[1,2,3]])), dtype=object).reshape(1,-1)
CA[0,0] = array(
[u('This cell contains this string and 3 arrays of increasing length')])
case_table5 = [
{'name': 'cell',
'classes': {'testcell': 'cell'},
'expected': {'testcell': CA}}]
CAE = mlarr(( # tuple for object array creation
mlarr(1),
mlarr(2),
mlarr([]),
mlarr([]),
mlarr(3)), dtype=object).reshape(1,-1)
objarr = np.empty((1,1),dtype=object)
objarr[0,0] = mlarr(1)
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'scalarcell',
'classes': {'testscalarcell': 'cell'},
'expected': {'testscalarcell': objarr}
})
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'emptycell',
'classes': {'testemptycell': 'cell'},
'expected': {'testemptycell': CAE}})
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'stringarray',
'classes': {'teststringarray': 'char'},
'expected': {'teststringarray': array(
[u('one '), u('two '), u('three')])},
})
case_table5.append(
{'name': '3dmatrix',
'classes': {'test3dmatrix': 'double'},
'expected': {
'test3dmatrix': np.transpose(np.reshape(list(range(1,25)), (4,3,2)))}
})
st_sub_arr = array([np.sqrt(2),np.exp(1),np.pi]).reshape(1,3)
dtype = [(n, object) for n in ['stringfield', 'doublefield', 'complexfield']]
st1 = np.zeros((1,1), dtype)
st1['stringfield'][0,0] = array([u('Rats live on no evil star.')])
st1['doublefield'][0,0] = st_sub_arr
st1['complexfield'][0,0] = st_sub_arr * (1 + 1j)
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'struct',
'classes': {'teststruct': 'struct'},
'expected': {'teststruct': st1}
})
CN = np.zeros((1,2), dtype=object)
CN[0,0] = mlarr(1)
CN[0,1] = np.zeros((1,3), dtype=object)
CN[0,1][0,0] = mlarr(2, dtype=np.uint8)
CN[0,1][0,1] = mlarr([[3]], dtype=np.uint8)
CN[0,1][0,2] = np.zeros((1,2), dtype=object)
CN[0,1][0,2][0,0] = mlarr(4, dtype=np.uint8)
CN[0,1][0,2][0,1] = mlarr(5, dtype=np.uint8)
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'cellnest',
'classes': {'testcellnest': 'cell'},
'expected': {'testcellnest': CN},
})
st2 = np.empty((1,1), dtype=[(n, object) for n in ['one', 'two']])
st2[0,0]['one'] = mlarr(1)
st2[0,0]['two'] = np.empty((1,1), dtype=[('three', object)])
st2[0,0]['two'][0,0]['three'] = array([u('number 3')])
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'structnest',
'classes': {'teststructnest': 'struct'},
'expected': {'teststructnest': st2}
})
a = np.empty((1,2), dtype=[(n, object) for n in ['one', 'two']])
a[0,0]['one'] = mlarr(1)
a[0,0]['two'] = mlarr(2)
a[0,1]['one'] = array([u('number 1')])
a[0,1]['two'] = array([u('number 2')])
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'structarr',
'classes': {'teststructarr': 'struct'},
'expected': {'teststructarr': a}
})
ODT = np.dtype([(n, object) for n in
['expr', 'inputExpr', 'args',
'isEmpty', 'numArgs', 'version']])
MO = MatlabObject(np.zeros((1,1), dtype=ODT), 'inline')
m0 = MO[0,0]
m0['expr'] = array([u('x')])
m0['inputExpr'] = array([u(' x = INLINE_INPUTS_{1};')])
m0['args'] = array([u('x')])
m0['isEmpty'] = mlarr(0)
m0['numArgs'] = mlarr(1)
m0['version'] = mlarr(1)
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'object',
'classes': {'testobject': 'object'},
'expected': {'testobject': MO}
})
fp_u_str = open(pjoin(test_data_path, 'japanese_utf8.txt'), 'rb')
u_str = fp_u_str.read().decode('utf-8')
fp_u_str.close()
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'unicode',
'classes': {'testunicode': 'char'},
'expected': {'testunicode': array([u_str])}
})
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'sparse',
'classes': {'testsparse': 'sparse'},
'expected': {'testsparse': SP.coo_matrix(A)},
})
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'sparsecomplex',
'classes': {'testsparsecomplex': 'sparse'},
'expected': {'testsparsecomplex': SP.coo_matrix(B)},
})
case_table5.append(
{'name': 'bool',
'classes': {'testbools': 'logical'},
'expected': {'testbools':
array([[True], [False]])},
})
case_table5_rt = case_table5[:]
# Inline functions can't be concatenated in matlab, so RT only
case_table5_rt.append(
{'name': 'objectarray',
'classes': {'testobjectarray': 'object'},
'expected': {'testobjectarray': np.repeat(MO, 2).reshape(1,2)}})
def types_compatible(var1, var2):
"""Check if types are same or compatible.
0-D numpy scalars are compatible with bare python scalars.
"""
type1 = type(var1)
type2 = type(var2)
if type1 is type2:
return True
if type1 is np.ndarray and var1.shape == ():
return type(var1.item()) is type2
if type2 is np.ndarray and var2.shape == ():
return type(var2.item()) is type1
return False
def _check_level(label, expected, actual):
""" Check one level of a potentially nested array """
if SP.issparse(expected): # allow different types of sparse matrices
assert_(SP.issparse(actual))
assert_array_almost_equal(actual.todense(),
expected.todense(),
err_msg=label,
decimal=5)
return
# Check types are as expected
assert_(types_compatible(expected, actual),
"Expected type %s, got %s at %s" %
(type(expected), type(actual), label))
# A field in a record array may not be an ndarray
# A scalar from a record array will be type np.void
if not isinstance(expected,
(np.void, np.ndarray, MatlabObject)):
assert_equal(expected, actual)
return
# This is an ndarray-like thing
assert_(expected.shape == actual.shape,
msg='Expected shape %s, got %s at %s' % (expected.shape,
actual.shape,
label))
ex_dtype = expected.dtype
if ex_dtype.hasobject: # array of objects
if isinstance(expected, MatlabObject):
assert_equal(expected.classname, actual.classname)
for i, ev in enumerate(expected):
level_label = "%s, [%d], " % (label, i)
_check_level(level_label, ev, actual[i])
return
if ex_dtype.fields: # probably recarray
for fn in ex_dtype.fields:
level_label = "%s, field %s, " % (label, fn)
_check_level(level_label,
expected[fn], actual[fn])
return
if ex_dtype.type in (text_type, # string or bool
np.unicode_,
np.bool_):
assert_equal(actual, expected, err_msg=label)
return
# Something numeric
assert_array_almost_equal(actual, expected, err_msg=label, decimal=5)
def _load_check_case(name, files, case):
for file_name in files:
matdict = loadmat(file_name, struct_as_record=True)
label = "test %s; file %s" % (name, file_name)
for k, expected in case.items():
k_label = "%s, variable %s" % (label, k)
assert_(k in matdict, "Missing key at %s" % k_label)
_check_level(k_label, expected, matdict[k])
def _whos_check_case(name, files, case, classes):
for file_name in files:
label = "test %s; file %s" % (name, file_name)
whos = whosmat(file_name)
expected_whos = []
for k, expected in case.items():
expected_whos.append((k, expected.shape, classes[k]))
whos.sort()
expected_whos.sort()
assert_equal(whos, expected_whos,
"%s: %r != %r" % (label, whos, expected_whos)
)
# Round trip tests
def _rt_check_case(name, expected, format):
mat_stream = BytesIO()
savemat(mat_stream, expected, format=format)
mat_stream.seek(0)
_load_check_case(name, [mat_stream], expected)
# generator for load tests
def test_load():
for case in case_table4 + case_table5:
name = case['name']
expected = case['expected']
filt = pjoin(test_data_path, 'test%s_*.mat' % name)
files = glob(filt)
assert_(len(files) > 0,
"No files for test %s using filter %s" % (name, filt))
yield _load_check_case, name, files, expected
# generator for whos tests
def test_whos():
for case in case_table4 + case_table5:
name = case['name']
expected = case['expected']
classes = case['classes']
filt = pjoin(test_data_path, 'test%s_*.mat' % name)
files = glob(filt)
assert_(len(files) > 0,
"No files for test %s using filter %s" % (name, filt))
yield _whos_check_case, name, files, expected, classes
# generator for round trip tests
def test_round_trip():
for case in case_table4 + case_table5_rt:
case_table4_names = [case['name'] for case in case_table4]
name = case['name'] + '_round_trip'
expected = case['expected']
for format in (['4', '5'] if case['name'] in case_table4_names else ['5']):
yield _rt_check_case, name, expected, format
def test_gzip_simple():
xdense = np.zeros((20,20))
xdense[2,3] = 2.3
xdense[4,5] = 4.5
x = SP.csc_matrix(xdense)
name = 'gzip_test'
expected = {'x':x}
format = '4'
tmpdir = mkdtemp()
try:
fname = pjoin(tmpdir,name)
mat_stream = gzip.open(fname,mode='wb')
savemat(mat_stream, expected, format=format)
mat_stream.close()
mat_stream = gzip.open(fname,mode='rb')
actual = loadmat(mat_stream, struct_as_record=True)
mat_stream.close()
finally:
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
assert_array_almost_equal(actual['x'].todense(),
expected['x'].todense(),
err_msg=repr(actual))
def test_multiple_open():
# Ticket #1039, on Windows: check that files are not left open
tmpdir = mkdtemp()
try:
x = dict(x=np.zeros((2, 2)))
fname = pjoin(tmpdir, "a.mat")
# Check that file is not left open
savemat(fname, x)
os.unlink(fname)
savemat(fname, x)
loadmat(fname)
os.unlink(fname)
# Check that stream is left open
f = open(fname, 'wb')
savemat(f, x)
f.seek(0)
f.close()
f = open(fname, 'rb')
loadmat(f)
f.seek(0)
f.close()
finally:
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
def test_mat73():
# Check any hdf5 files raise an error
filenames = glob(
pjoin(test_data_path, 'testhdf5*.mat'))
assert_(len(filenames) > 0)
for filename in filenames:
fp = open(filename, 'rb')
assert_raises(NotImplementedError,
loadmat,
fp,
struct_as_record=True)
fp.close()
def test_warnings():
# This test is an echo of the previous behavior, which was to raise a
# warning if the user triggered a search for mat files on the Python system
# path. We can remove the test in the next version after upcoming (0.13)
fname = pjoin(test_data_path, 'testdouble_7.1_GLNX86.mat')
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('error')
# This should not generate a warning
mres = loadmat(fname, struct_as_record=True)
# This neither
mres = loadmat(fname, struct_as_record=False)
def test_regression_653():
# Saving a dictionary with only invalid keys used to raise an error. Now we
# save this as an empty struct in matlab space.
sio = BytesIO()
savemat(sio, {'d':{1:2}}, format='5')
back = loadmat(sio)['d']
# Check we got an empty struct equivalent
assert_equal(back.shape, (1,1))
assert_equal(back.dtype, np.dtype(object))
assert_(back[0,0] is None)
def test_structname_len():
# Test limit for length of field names in structs
lim = 31
fldname = 'a' * lim
st1 = np.zeros((1,1), dtype=[(fldname, object)])
savemat(BytesIO(), {'longstruct': st1}, format='5')
fldname = 'a' * (lim+1)
st1 = np.zeros((1,1), dtype=[(fldname, object)])
assert_raises(ValueError, savemat, BytesIO(),
{'longstruct': st1}, format='5')
def test_4_and_long_field_names_incompatible():
# Long field names option not supported in 4
my_struct = np.zeros((1,1),dtype=[('my_fieldname',object)])
assert_raises(ValueError, savemat, BytesIO(),
{'my_struct':my_struct}, format='4', long_field_names=True)
def test_long_field_names():
# Test limit for length of field names in structs
lim = 63
fldname = 'a' * lim
st1 = np.zeros((1,1), dtype=[(fldname, object)])
savemat(BytesIO(), {'longstruct': st1}, format='5',long_field_names=True)
fldname = 'a' * (lim+1)
st1 = np.zeros((1,1), dtype=[(fldname, object)])
assert_raises(ValueError, savemat, BytesIO(),
{'longstruct': st1}, format='5',long_field_names=True)
def test_long_field_names_in_struct():
# Regression test - long_field_names was erased if you passed a struct
# within a struct
lim = 63
fldname = 'a' * lim
cell = np.ndarray((1,2),dtype=object)
st1 = np.zeros((1,1), dtype=[(fldname, object)])
cell[0,0] = st1
cell[0,1] = st1
savemat(BytesIO(), {'longstruct': cell}, format='5',long_field_names=True)
#
# Check to make sure it fails with long field names off
#
assert_raises(ValueError, savemat, BytesIO(),
{'longstruct': cell}, format='5', long_field_names=False)
def test_cell_with_one_thing_in_it():
# Regression test - make a cell array that's 1 x 2 and put two
# strings in it. It works. Make a cell array that's 1 x 1 and put
# a string in it. It should work but, in the old days, it didn't.
cells = np.ndarray((1,2),dtype=object)
cells[0,0] = 'Hello'
cells[0,1] = 'World'
savemat(BytesIO(), {'x': cells}, format='5')
cells = np.ndarray((1,1),dtype=object)
cells[0,0] = 'Hello, world'
savemat(BytesIO(), {'x': cells}, format='5')
def test_writer_properties():
# Tests getting, setting of properties of matrix writer
mfw = MatFile5Writer(BytesIO())
yield assert_equal, mfw.global_vars, []
mfw.global_vars = ['avar']
yield assert_equal, mfw.global_vars, ['avar']
yield assert_equal, mfw.unicode_strings, False
mfw.unicode_strings = True
yield assert_equal, mfw.unicode_strings, True
yield assert_equal, mfw.long_field_names, False
mfw.long_field_names = True
yield assert_equal, mfw.long_field_names, True
def test_use_small_element():
# Test whether we're using small data element or not
sio = BytesIO()
wtr = MatFile5Writer(sio)
# First check size for no sde for name
arr = np.zeros(10)
wtr.put_variables({'aaaaa': arr})
w_sz = len(sio.getvalue())
# Check small name results in largish difference in size
sio.truncate(0)
sio.seek(0)
wtr.put_variables({'aaaa': arr})
yield assert_, w_sz - len(sio.getvalue()) > 4
# Whereas increasing name size makes less difference
sio.truncate(0)
sio.seek(0)
wtr.put_variables({'aaaaaa': arr})
yield assert_, len(sio.getvalue()) - w_sz < 4
def test_save_dict():
# Test that dict can be saved (as recarray), loaded as matstruct
dict_types = ((dict, False),)
try:
from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
pass
else:
dict_types += ((OrderedDict, True),)
ab_exp = np.array([[(1, 2)]], dtype=[('a', object), ('b', object)])
ba_exp = np.array([[(2, 1)]], dtype=[('b', object), ('a', object)])
for dict_type, is_ordered in dict_types:
# Initialize with tuples to keep order for OrderedDict
d = dict_type([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'dict': d})
stream.seek(0)
vals = loadmat(stream)['dict']
assert_equal(set(vals.dtype.names), set(['a', 'b']))
if is_ordered: # Input was ordered, output in ab order
assert_array_equal(vals, ab_exp)
else: # Not ordered input, either order output
if vals.dtype.names[0] == 'a':
assert_array_equal(vals, ab_exp)
else:
assert_array_equal(vals, ba_exp)
def test_1d_shape():
# New 5 behavior is 1D -> row vector
arr = np.arange(5)
for format in ('4', '5'):
# Column is the default
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'oned': arr}, format=format)
vals = loadmat(stream)
assert_equal(vals['oned'].shape, (1, 5))
# can be explicitly 'column' for oned_as
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'oned':arr},
format=format,
oned_as='column')
vals = loadmat(stream)
assert_equal(vals['oned'].shape, (5,1))
# but different from 'row'
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'oned':arr},
format=format,
oned_as='row')
vals = loadmat(stream)
assert_equal(vals['oned'].shape, (1,5))
def test_compression():
arr = np.zeros(100).reshape((5,20))
arr[2,10] = 1
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'arr':arr})
raw_len = len(stream.getvalue())
vals = loadmat(stream)
yield assert_array_equal, vals['arr'], arr
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'arr':arr}, do_compression=True)
compressed_len = len(stream.getvalue())
vals = loadmat(stream)
yield assert_array_equal, vals['arr'], arr
yield assert_, raw_len > compressed_len
# Concatenate, test later
arr2 = arr.copy()
arr2[0,0] = 1
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'arr':arr, 'arr2':arr2}, do_compression=False)
vals = loadmat(stream)
yield assert_array_equal, vals['arr2'], arr2
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'arr':arr, 'arr2':arr2}, do_compression=True)
vals = loadmat(stream)
yield assert_array_equal, vals['arr2'], arr2
def test_single_object():
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'A':np.array(1, dtype=object)})
def test_skip_variable():
# Test skipping over the first of two variables in a MAT file
# using mat_reader_factory and put_variables to read them in.
#
# This is a regression test of a problem that's caused by
# using the compressed file reader seek instead of the raw file
# I/O seek when skipping over a compressed chunk.
#
# The problem arises when the chunk is large: this file has
# a 256x256 array of random (uncompressible) doubles.
#
filename = pjoin(test_data_path,'test_skip_variable.mat')
#
# Prove that it loads with loadmat
#
d = loadmat(filename, struct_as_record=True)
yield assert_, 'first' in d
yield assert_, 'second' in d
#
# Make the factory
#
factory = mat_reader_factory(filename, struct_as_record=True)
#
# This is where the factory breaks with an error in MatMatrixGetter.to_next
#
d = factory.get_variables('second')
yield assert_, 'second' in d
factory.mat_stream.close()
def test_empty_struct():
# ticket 885
filename = pjoin(test_data_path,'test_empty_struct.mat')
# before ticket fix, this would crash with ValueError, empty data
# type
d = loadmat(filename, struct_as_record=True)
a = d['a']
assert_equal(a.shape, (1,1))
assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype(object))
assert_(a[0,0] is None)
stream = BytesIO()
arr = np.array((), dtype='U')
# before ticket fix, this used to give data type not understood
savemat(stream, {'arr':arr})
d = loadmat(stream)
a2 = d['arr']
assert_array_equal(a2, arr)
def test_save_empty_dict():
# saving empty dict also gives empty struct
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'arr': {}})
d = loadmat(stream)
a = d['arr']
assert_equal(a.shape, (1,1))
assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype(object))
assert_(a[0,0] is None)
def assert_any_equal(output, alternatives):
""" Assert `output` is equal to at least one element in `alternatives`
"""
one_equal = False
for expected in alternatives:
if np.all(output == expected):
one_equal = True
break
assert_(one_equal)
def test_to_writeable():
# Test to_writeable function
res = to_writeable(np.array([1])) # pass through ndarrays
assert_equal(res.shape, (1,))
assert_array_equal(res, 1)
# Dict fields can be written in any order
expected1 = np.array([(1, 2)], dtype=[('a', '|O8'), ('b', '|O8')])
expected2 = np.array([(2, 1)], dtype=[('b', '|O8'), ('a', '|O8')])
alternatives = (expected1, expected2)
assert_any_equal(to_writeable({'a':1,'b':2}), alternatives)
# Fields with underscores discarded
assert_any_equal(to_writeable({'a':1,'b':2, '_c':3}), alternatives)
# Not-string fields discarded
assert_any_equal(to_writeable({'a':1,'b':2, 100:3}), alternatives)
# String fields that are valid Python identifiers discarded
assert_any_equal(to_writeable({'a':1,'b':2, '99':3}), alternatives)
# Object with field names is equivalent
class klass(object):
pass
c = klass
c.a = 1
c.b = 2
assert_any_equal(to_writeable(c), alternatives)
# empty list and tuple go to empty array
res = to_writeable([])
assert_equal(res.shape, (0,))
assert_equal(res.dtype.type, np.float64)
res = to_writeable(())
assert_equal(res.shape, (0,))
assert_equal(res.dtype.type, np.float64)
# None -> None
assert_(to_writeable(None) is None)
# String to strings
assert_equal(to_writeable('a string').dtype.type, np.str_)
# Scalars to numpy to numpy scalars
res = to_writeable(1)
assert_equal(res.shape, ())
assert_equal(res.dtype.type, np.array(1).dtype.type)
assert_array_equal(res, 1)
# Empty dict returns EmptyStructMarker
assert_(to_writeable({}) is EmptyStructMarker)
# Object does not have (even empty) __dict__
assert_(to_writeable(object()) is None)
# Custom object does have empty __dict__, returns EmptyStructMarker
class C(object):
pass
assert_(to_writeable(c()) is EmptyStructMarker)
# dict keys with legal characters are convertible
res = to_writeable({'a': 1})['a']
assert_equal(res.shape, (1,))
assert_equal(res.dtype.type, np.object_)
# Only fields with illegal characters, falls back to EmptyStruct
assert_(to_writeable({'1':1}) is EmptyStructMarker)
assert_(to_writeable({'_a':1}) is EmptyStructMarker)
# Unless there are valid fields, in which case structured array
assert_equal(to_writeable({'1':1, 'f': 2}),
np.array([(2,)], dtype=[('f', '|O8')]))
def test_recarray():
# check roundtrip of structured array
dt = [('f1', 'f8'),
('f2', 'S10')]
arr = np.zeros((2,), dtype=dt)
arr[0]['f1'] = 0.5
arr[0]['f2'] = 'python'
arr[1]['f1'] = 99
arr[1]['f2'] = 'not perl'
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'arr': arr})
d = loadmat(stream, struct_as_record=False)
a20 = d['arr'][0,0]
yield assert_equal, a20.f1, 0.5
yield assert_equal, a20.f2, 'python'
d = loadmat(stream, struct_as_record=True)
a20 = d['arr'][0,0]
yield assert_equal, a20['f1'], 0.5
yield assert_equal, a20['f2'], 'python'
# structs always come back as object types
yield assert_equal, a20.dtype, np.dtype([('f1', 'O'),
('f2', 'O')])
a21 = d['arr'].flat[1]
yield assert_equal, a21['f1'], 99
yield assert_equal, a21['f2'], 'not perl'
def test_save_object():
class C(object):
pass
c = C()
c.field1 = 1
c.field2 = 'a string'
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'c': c})
d = loadmat(stream, struct_as_record=False)
c2 = d['c'][0,0]
assert_equal(c2.field1, 1)
assert_equal(c2.field2, 'a string')
d = loadmat(stream, struct_as_record=True)
c2 = d['c'][0,0]
assert_equal(c2['field1'], 1)
assert_equal(c2['field2'], 'a string')
def test_read_opts():
# tests if read is seeing option sets, at initialization and after
# initialization
arr = np.arange(6).reshape(1,6)
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'a': arr})
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream)
back_dict = rdr.get_variables()
rarr = back_dict['a']
assert_array_equal(rarr, arr)
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream, squeeze_me=True)
assert_array_equal(rdr.get_variables()['a'], arr.reshape((6,)))
rdr.squeeze_me = False
assert_array_equal(rarr, arr)
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream, byte_order=boc.native_code)
assert_array_equal(rdr.get_variables()['a'], arr)
# inverted byte code leads to error on read because of swapped
# header etc
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream, byte_order=boc.swapped_code)
assert_raises(Exception, rdr.get_variables)
rdr.byte_order = boc.native_code
assert_array_equal(rdr.get_variables()['a'], arr)
arr = np.array(['a string'])
stream.truncate(0)
stream.seek(0)
savemat(stream, {'a': arr})
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream)
assert_array_equal(rdr.get_variables()['a'], arr)
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream, chars_as_strings=False)
carr = np.atleast_2d(np.array(list(arr.item()), dtype='U1'))
assert_array_equal(rdr.get_variables()['a'], carr)
rdr.chars_as_strings = True
assert_array_equal(rdr.get_variables()['a'], arr)
def test_empty_string():
# make sure reading empty string does not raise error
estring_fname = pjoin(test_data_path, 'single_empty_string.mat')
fp = open(estring_fname, 'rb')
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp)
d = rdr.get_variables()
fp.close()
assert_array_equal(d['a'], np.array([], dtype='U1'))
# empty string round trip. Matlab cannot distiguish
# between a string array that is empty, and a string array
# containing a single empty string, because it stores strings as
# arrays of char. There is no way of having an array of char that
# is not empty, but contains an empty string.
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'a': np.array([''])})
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream)
d = rdr.get_variables()
assert_array_equal(d['a'], np.array([], dtype='U1'))
stream.truncate(0)
stream.seek(0)
savemat(stream, {'a': np.array([], dtype='U1')})
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream)
d = rdr.get_variables()
assert_array_equal(d['a'], np.array([], dtype='U1'))
stream.close()
def test_corrupted_data():
import zlib
for exc, fname in [(ValueError, 'corrupted_zlib_data.mat'),
(zlib.error, 'corrupted_zlib_checksum.mat')]:
with open(pjoin(test_data_path, fname), 'rb') as fp:
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp)
assert_raises(exc, rdr.get_variables)
def test_corrupted_data_check_can_be_disabled():
with open(pjoin(test_data_path, 'corrupted_zlib_data.mat'), 'rb') as fp:
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp, verify_compressed_data_integrity=False)
rdr.get_variables()
def test_read_both_endian():
# make sure big- and little- endian data is read correctly
for fname in ('big_endian.mat', 'little_endian.mat'):
fp = open(pjoin(test_data_path, fname), 'rb')
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp)
d = rdr.get_variables()
fp.close()
assert_array_equal(d['strings'],
np.array([['hello'],
['world']], dtype=object))
assert_array_equal(d['floats'],
np.array([[2., 3.],
[3., 4.]], dtype=np.float32))
def test_write_opposite_endian():
# We don't support writing opposite endian .mat files, but we need to behave
# correctly if the user supplies an other-endian numpy array to write out
float_arr = np.array([[2., 3.],
[3., 4.]])
int_arr = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
uni_arr = np.array(['hello', 'world'], dtype='U')
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'floats': float_arr.byteswap().newbyteorder(),
'ints': int_arr.byteswap().newbyteorder(),
'uni_arr': uni_arr.byteswap().newbyteorder()})
rdr = MatFile5Reader(stream)
d = rdr.get_variables()
assert_array_equal(d['floats'], float_arr)
assert_array_equal(d['ints'], int_arr)
assert_array_equal(d['uni_arr'], uni_arr)
stream.close()
def test_logical_array():
# The roundtrip test doesn't verify that we load the data up with the
# correct (bool) dtype
with open(pjoin(test_data_path, 'testbool_8_WIN64.mat'), 'rb') as fobj:
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fobj, mat_dtype=True)
d = rdr.get_variables()
x = np.array([[True], [False]], dtype=np.bool_)
assert_array_equal(d['testbools'], x)
assert_equal(d['testbools'].dtype, x.dtype)
def test_logical_out_type():
# Confirm that bool type written as uint8, uint8 class
# See gh-4022
stream = BytesIO()
barr = np.array([False, True, False])
savemat(stream, {'barray': barr})
stream.seek(0)
reader = MatFile5Reader(stream)
reader.initialize_read()
reader.read_file_header()
hdr, _ = reader.read_var_header()
assert_equal(hdr.mclass, mio5p.mxUINT8_CLASS)
assert_equal(hdr.is_logical, True)
var = reader.read_var_array(hdr, False)
assert_equal(var.dtype.type, np.uint8)
def test_mat4_3d():
# test behavior when writing 3D arrays to matlab 4 files
stream = BytesIO()
arr = np.arange(24).reshape((2,3,4))
assert_raises(ValueError, savemat, stream, {'a': arr}, True, '4')
def test_func_read():
func_eg = pjoin(test_data_path, 'testfunc_7.4_GLNX86.mat')
fp = open(func_eg, 'rb')
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp)
d = rdr.get_variables()
fp.close()
assert_(isinstance(d['testfunc'], MatlabFunction))
stream = BytesIO()
wtr = MatFile5Writer(stream)
assert_raises(MatWriteError, wtr.put_variables, d)
def test_mat_dtype():
double_eg = pjoin(test_data_path, 'testmatrix_6.1_SOL2.mat')
fp = open(double_eg, 'rb')
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp, mat_dtype=False)
d = rdr.get_variables()
fp.close()
yield assert_equal, d['testmatrix'].dtype.kind, 'u'
fp = open(double_eg, 'rb')
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp, mat_dtype=True)
d = rdr.get_variables()
fp.close()
yield assert_equal, d['testmatrix'].dtype.kind, 'f'
def test_sparse_in_struct():
# reproduces bug found by DC where Cython code was insisting on
# ndarray return type, but getting sparse matrix
st = {'sparsefield': SP.coo_matrix(np.eye(4))}
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'a':st})
d = loadmat(stream, struct_as_record=True)
yield assert_array_equal, d['a'][0,0]['sparsefield'].todense(), np.eye(4)
def test_mat_struct_squeeze():
stream = BytesIO()
in_d = {'st':{'one':1, 'two':2}}
savemat(stream, in_d)
# no error without squeeze
out_d = loadmat(stream, struct_as_record=False)
# previous error was with squeeze, with mat_struct
out_d = loadmat(stream,
struct_as_record=False,
squeeze_me=True,
)
def test_scalar_squeeze():
stream = BytesIO()
in_d = {'scalar': [[0.1]], 'string': 'my name', 'st':{'one':1, 'two':2}}
savemat(stream, in_d)
out_d = loadmat(stream, squeeze_me=True)
assert_(isinstance(out_d['scalar'], float))
assert_(isinstance(out_d['string'], string_types))
assert_(isinstance(out_d['st'], np.ndarray))
def test_str_round():
# from report by Angus McMorland on mailing list 3 May 2010
stream = BytesIO()
in_arr = np.array(['Hello', 'Foob'])
out_arr = np.array(['Hello', 'Foob '])
savemat(stream, dict(a=in_arr))
res = loadmat(stream)
# resulted in ['HloolFoa', 'elWrdobr']
assert_array_equal(res['a'], out_arr)
stream.truncate(0)
stream.seek(0)
# Make Fortran ordered version of string
in_str = in_arr.tostring(order='F')
in_from_str = np.ndarray(shape=a.shape,
dtype=in_arr.dtype,
order='F',
buffer=in_str)
savemat(stream, dict(a=in_from_str))
assert_array_equal(res['a'], out_arr)
# unicode save did lead to buffer too small error
stream.truncate(0)
stream.seek(0)
in_arr_u = in_arr.astype('U')
out_arr_u = out_arr.astype('U')
savemat(stream, {'a': in_arr_u})
res = loadmat(stream)
assert_array_equal(res['a'], out_arr_u)
def test_fieldnames():
# Check that field names are as expected
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, {'a': {'a':1, 'b':2}})
res = loadmat(stream)
field_names = res['a'].dtype.names
assert_equal(set(field_names), set(('a', 'b')))
def test_loadmat_varnames():
# Test that we can get just one variable from a mat file using loadmat
mat5_sys_names = ['__globals__',
'__header__',
'__version__']
for eg_file, sys_v_names in (
(pjoin(test_data_path, 'testmulti_4.2c_SOL2.mat'), []), (pjoin(
test_data_path, 'testmulti_7.4_GLNX86.mat'), mat5_sys_names)):
vars = loadmat(eg_file)
assert_equal(set(vars.keys()), set(['a', 'theta'] + sys_v_names))
vars = loadmat(eg_file, variable_names='a')
assert_equal(set(vars.keys()), set(['a'] + sys_v_names))
vars = loadmat(eg_file, variable_names=['a'])
assert_equal(set(vars.keys()), set(['a'] + sys_v_names))
vars = loadmat(eg_file, variable_names=['theta'])
assert_equal(set(vars.keys()), set(['theta'] + sys_v_names))
vars = loadmat(eg_file, variable_names=('theta',))
assert_equal(set(vars.keys()), set(['theta'] + sys_v_names))
vars = loadmat(eg_file, variable_names=[])
assert_equal(set(vars.keys()), set(sys_v_names))
vnames = ['theta']
vars = loadmat(eg_file, variable_names=vnames)
assert_equal(vnames, ['theta'])
def test_round_types():
# Check that saving, loading preserves dtype in most cases
arr = np.arange(10)
stream = BytesIO()
for dts in ('f8','f4','i8','i4','i2','i1',
'u8','u4','u2','u1','c16','c8'):
stream.truncate(0)
stream.seek(0) # needed for BytesIO in python 3
savemat(stream, {'arr': arr.astype(dts)})
vars = loadmat(stream)
assert_equal(np.dtype(dts), vars['arr'].dtype)
def test_varmats_from_mat():
# Make a mat file with several variables, write it, read it back
names_vars = (('arr', mlarr(np.arange(10))),
('mystr', mlarr('a string')),
('mynum', mlarr(10)))
# Dict like thing to give variables in defined order
class C(object):
def items(self):
return names_vars
stream = BytesIO()
savemat(stream, C())
varmats = varmats_from_mat(stream)
assert_equal(len(varmats), 3)
for i in range(3):
name, var_stream = varmats[i]
exp_name, exp_res = names_vars[i]
assert_equal(name, exp_name)
res = loadmat(var_stream)
assert_array_equal(res[name], exp_res)
def test_one_by_zero():
# Test 1x0 chars get read correctly
func_eg = pjoin(test_data_path, 'one_by_zero_char.mat')
fp = open(func_eg, 'rb')
rdr = MatFile5Reader(fp)
d = rdr.get_variables()
fp.close()
assert_equal(d['var'].shape, (0,))
def test_load_mat4_le():
# We were getting byte order wrong when reading little-endian floa64 dense
# matrices on big-endian platforms
mat4_fname = pjoin(test_data_path, 'test_mat4_le_floats.mat')
vars = loadmat(mat4_fname)
assert_array_equal(vars['a'], [[0.1, 1.2]])
def test_unicode_mat4():
# Mat4 should save unicode as latin1
bio = BytesIO()
var = {'second_cat': u('Schrdinger')}
savemat(bio, var, format='4')
var_back = loadmat(bio)
assert_equal(var_back['second_cat'], var['second_cat'])
def test_logical_sparse():
# Test we can read logical sparse stored in mat file as bytes.
# See path_to_url
# In some files saved by MATLAB, the sparse data elements (Real Part
# Subelement in MATLAB speak) are stored with apparent type double
# (miDOUBLE) but are in fact single bytes.
filename = pjoin(test_data_path,'logical_sparse.mat')
# Before fix, this would crash with:
# ValueError: indices and data should have the same size
d = loadmat(filename, struct_as_record=True)
log_sp = d['sp_log_5_4']
assert_(isinstance(log_sp, SP.csc_matrix))
assert_equal(log_sp.dtype.type, np.bool_)
assert_array_equal(log_sp.toarray(),
[[True, True, True, False],
[False, False, True, False],
[False, False, True, False],
[False, False, False, False],
[False, False, False, False]])
def test_empty_sparse():
# Can we read empty sparse matrices?
sio = BytesIO()
import scipy.sparse
empty_sparse = scipy.sparse.csr_matrix([[0,0],[0,0]])
savemat(sio, dict(x=empty_sparse))
sio.seek(0)
res = loadmat(sio)
assert_array_equal(res['x'].shape, empty_sparse.shape)
assert_array_equal(res['x'].todense(), 0)
# Do empty sparse matrices get written with max nnz 1?
# See path_to_url
sio.seek(0)
reader = MatFile5Reader(sio)
reader.initialize_read()
reader.read_file_header()
hdr, _ = reader.read_var_header()
assert_equal(hdr.nzmax, 1)
def test_empty_mat_error():
# Test we get a specific warning for an empty mat file
sio = BytesIO()
assert_raises(MatReadError, loadmat, sio)
def test_miuint32_compromise():
# Reader should accept miUINT32 for miINT32, but check signs
# mat file with miUINT32 for miINT32, but OK values
filename = pjoin(test_data_path, 'miuint32_for_miint32.mat')
res = loadmat(filename)
assert_equal(res['an_array'], np.arange(10)[None, :])
# mat file with miUINT32 for miINT32, with negative value
filename = pjoin(test_data_path, 'bad_miuint32.mat')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True): # Py3k ResourceWarning
assert_raises(ValueError, loadmat, filename)
def test_miutf8_for_miint8_compromise():
# Check reader accepts ascii as miUTF8 for array names
filename = pjoin(test_data_path, 'miutf8_array_name.mat')
res = loadmat(filename)
assert_equal(res['array_name'], [[1]])
# mat file with non-ascii utf8 name raises error
filename = pjoin(test_data_path, 'bad_miutf8_array_name.mat')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True): # Py3k ResourceWarning
assert_raises(ValueError, loadmat, filename)
def test_bad_utf8():
# Check that reader reads bad UTF with 'replace' option
filename = pjoin(test_data_path,'broken_utf8.mat')
res = loadmat(filename)
assert_equal(res['bad_string'],
b'\x80 am broken'.decode('utf8', 'replace'))
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_module_suite()
``` |
Notre Dame High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Burlington, Iowa. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport.
Background
Notre Dame opened in 1957. The current high school principal is Mr. Bill Maupin. The past two principals were Dave Edwards and Ron Glasgow. The school is located at 702 S. Roosevelt Burlington, IA.
Athletics
The Nikes compete in the Southeast Iowa Superconference. Notre Dame is a member of the Iowa High School Athletic Association. They have won the following IHSAA State Championships:
Boys Baseball - 1982 Class 2A
Boys Golf - 1983 Class 2A
Girls Basketball - 2014 Class 1A
The school has a sharing agreement for sports with the Independent School District of West Burlington. Notre Dame also shares soccer with both the Independent School District of West Burlington and Danville High School. Burlington Community School District hosts swimming.
Sports hosted by Burlington Notre Dame
Boys and Girls Golf
Boys and Girls Cross Country
Boys Baseball
Boys and Girls Wrestling
Boys Soccer
Sports hosted by the Independent School District of West Burlington
Boys' Football
Boys' and Girls' Track and Field
Girls' Softball
Boys' and Girls' Tennis
Boys' and Girls' Trap Shooting
Fine arts
Boys and Girls Choir
Boys and Girls Band
Boys and Girls Jazz Band
Boys and Girls Jazz Choir
See also
St. Paul's Catholic Church (Burlington, Iowa)
Church of St. John the Baptist (Burlington, Iowa)
List of high schools in Iowa
Notes and references
External links
School Website
Schools in Des Moines County, Iowa
Educational institutions established in 1957
Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport
Catholic secondary schools in Iowa
Private high schools in Iowa
Buildings and structures in Burlington, Iowa
1957 establishments in Iowa |
```emacs lisp
;;; semantic/analyze/complete.el --- Smart Completions
;; Author: Eric M. Ludlam <zappo@gnu.org>
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <path_to_url
;;; Commentary:
;;
;; Calculate smart completions.
;;
;; Uses the analyzer context routine to determine the best possible
;; list of completions.
;;
;;; History:
;;
;; Code was moved here from semantic/analyze.el
(require 'semantic/analyze)
;; For semantic-find-* macros:
(eval-when-compile (require 'semantic/find))
;;; Code:
;;; Helper Fcns
;;
;;
;;;###autoload
(define-overloadable-function semantic-analyze-type-constants (type)
"For the tag TYPE, return any constant symbols of TYPE.
Used as options when completing.")
(defun semantic-analyze-type-constants-default (type)
"Do nothing with TYPE."
nil)
(defun semantic-analyze-tags-of-class-list (tags classlist)
"Return the tags in TAGS that are of classes in CLASSLIST."
(let ((origc tags))
;; Accept only tags that are of the datatype specified by
;; the desired classes.
(setq tags (apply 'nconc ;; All input lists are permutable.
(mapcar (lambda (class)
(semantic-find-tags-by-class class origc))
classlist)))
tags))
;;; MAIN completion calculator
;;
;;;###autoload
(define-overloadable-function semantic-analyze-possible-completions (context &rest flags)
"Return a list of semantic tags which are possible completions.
CONTEXT is either a position (such as point), or a precalculated
context. Passing in a context is useful if the caller also needs
to access parts of the analysis.
The remaining FLAGS arguments are passed to the mode specific completion engine.
Bad flags should be ignored by modes that don't use them.
See `semantic-analyze-possible-completions-default' for details on the default FLAGS.
Completions run through the following filters:
* Elements currently in scope
* Constants currently in scope
* Elements match the :prefix in the CONTEXT.
* Type of the completion matches the type of the context.
Context type matching can identify the following:
* No specific type
* Assignment into a variable of some type.
* Argument to a function with type constraints.
When called interactively, displays the list of possible completions
in a buffer."
(interactive "d")
;; In theory, we don't need the below since the context will
;; do it for us.
;;(semantic-refresh-tags-safe)
(if (semantic-active-p)
(with-syntax-table semantic-lex-syntax-table
(let* ((context (if (semantic-analyze-context-child-p context)
context
(semantic-analyze-current-context context)))
(ans (if (not context)
(error "Nothing to complete")
(:override))))
;; If interactive, display them.
(when (called-interactively-p 'any)
(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Possible Completions*"
(semantic-analyze-princ-sequence ans "" (current-buffer)))
(shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
(get-buffer-window "*Possible Completions*")))
ans))
;; Buffer was not parsed by Semantic.
;; Raise error if called interactively.
(when (called-interactively-p 'any)
(error "Buffer was not parsed by Semantic."))))
(defun semantic-analyze-possible-completions-default (context &optional flags)
"Default method for producing smart completions.
Argument CONTEXT is an object specifying the locally derived context.
The optional argument FLAGS changes which return options are returned.
FLAGS can be any number of:
`no-tc' - do not apply data-type constraint.
`no-longprefix' - ignore long multi-symbol prefixes.
`no-unique' - do not apply unique by name filtering."
(let* ((a context)
(desired-type (semantic-analyze-type-constraint a))
(desired-class (oref a prefixclass))
(prefix (oref a prefix))
(prefixtypes (oref a prefixtypes))
(completetext nil)
(completetexttype nil)
(scope (oref a scope))
(localvar (when scope (oref scope localvar)))
(origc nil)
(c nil)
(any nil)
(do-typeconstraint (not (memq 'no-tc flags)))
(do-longprefix (not (memq 'no-longprefix flags)))
(do-unique (not (memq 'no-unique flags)))
)
(when (not do-longprefix)
;; If we are not doing the long prefix, shorten all the key
;; elements.
(setq prefix (list (car (reverse prefix)))
prefixtypes nil))
;; Calculate what our prefix string is so that we can
;; find all our matching text.
(setq completetext (car (reverse prefix)))
(if (semantic-tag-p completetext)
(setq completetext (semantic-tag-name completetext)))
(if (and (not completetext) (not desired-type))
(error "Nothing to complete"))
(if (not completetext) (setq completetext ""))
;; This better be a reasonable type, or we should fry it.
;; The prefixtypes should always be at least 1 less than
;; the prefix since the type is never looked up for the last
;; item when calculating a sequence.
(setq completetexttype (car (reverse prefixtypes)))
(when (or (not completetexttype)
(not (and (semantic-tag-p completetexttype)
(eq (semantic-tag-class completetexttype) 'type))))
;; What should I do here? I think this is an error condition.
(setq completetexttype nil)
;; If we had something that was a completetexttype but it wasn't
;; valid, then express our dismay!
(when (> (length prefix) 1)
(let* ((errprefix (car (cdr (reverse prefix)))))
(error "Cannot find types for `%s'"
(cond ((semantic-tag-p errprefix)
(semantic-format-tag-prototype errprefix))
(t
(format "%S" errprefix)))))
))
;; There are many places to get our completion stream for.
;; Here we go.
(if completetexttype
(setq c (semantic-find-tags-for-completion
completetext
(semantic-analyze-scoped-type-parts completetexttype scope)
))
;; No type based on the completetext. This is a free-range
;; var or function. We need to expand our search beyond this
;; scope into semanticdb, etc.
(setq c (nconc
;; Argument list and local variables
(semantic-find-tags-for-completion completetext localvar)
;; The current scope
(semantic-find-tags-for-completion completetext (when scope (oref scope fullscope)))
;; The world
(semantic-analyze-find-tags-by-prefix completetext))
)
)
(let ((loopc c)
(dtname (semantic-tag-name desired-type)))
;; Save off our first batch of completions
(setq origc c)
;; Reset c.
(setq c nil)
;; Loop over all the found matches, and categorize them
;; as being possible features.
(while (and loopc do-typeconstraint)
(cond
;; Strip operators
((semantic-tag-get-attribute (car loopc) :operator-flag)
nil
)
;; If we are completing from within some prefix,
;; then we want to exclude constructors and destructors
((and completetexttype
(or (semantic-tag-get-attribute (car loopc) :constructor-flag)
(semantic-tag-get-attribute (car loopc) :destructor-flag)))
nil
)
;; If there is a desired type, we need a pair of restrictions
(desired-type
(cond
;; Ok, we now have a completion list based on the text we found
;; we want to complete on. Now filter that stream against the
;; type we want to search for.
((string= dtname (semantic-analyze-type-to-name (semantic-tag-type (car loopc))))
(setq c (cons (car loopc) c))
)
;; Now anything that is a compound type which could contain
;; additional things which are of the desired type
((semantic-tag-type (car loopc))
(let ((att (semantic-analyze-tag-type (car loopc) scope))
)
(if (and att (semantic-tag-type-members att))
(setq c (cons (car loopc) c))))
)
) ; cond
); desired type
;; No desired type, no other restrictions. Just add.
(t
(setq c (cons (car loopc) c)))
); cond
(setq loopc (cdr loopc)))
(when desired-type
;; Some types, like the enum in C, have special constant values that
;; we could complete with. Thus, if the target is an enum, we can
;; find possible symbol values to fill in that value.
(let ((constants
(semantic-analyze-type-constants desired-type)))
(if constants
(progn
;; Filter
(setq constants
(semantic-find-tags-for-completion
completetext constants))
;; Add to the list
(setq c (nconc c constants)))
)))
)
(when desired-class
(setq c (semantic-analyze-tags-of-class-list c desired-class)))
(if do-unique
(if c
;; Pull out trash.
;; NOTE TO SELF: Is this too slow?
(setq c (semantic-unique-tag-table-by-name c))
(setq c (semantic-unique-tag-table-by-name origc)))
(when (not c)
(setq c origc)))
;; All done!
c))
(provide 'semantic/analyze/complete)
;; Local variables:
;; generated-autoload-file: "../loaddefs.el"
;; generated-autoload-load-name: "semantic/analyze/complete"
;; End:
;;; semantic/analyze/complete.el ends here
``` |
The Union Party for the People (), or Party of the U (), is a liberal political party in Colombia. The Party is led by former president Juan Manuel Santos.
After supporting the presidencies of Álvaro Uribe, Juan Manuel Santos and Iván Duque, the party is currently part of the majority of left-wing president Gustavo Petro.
History
The Party was formed in 2005, with the objective of uniting various congressional supporters of President Alvaro Uribe, also known as Uribistas, into one political party, and to provide a political platform for the 2006 Colombian presidential elections. Most of its members defected from the Colombian Liberal Party, yet it failed to unite all Uribistas: in particular the Radical Change (Cambio Radical) refused to join.
In 2006, the party took part in the parliamentary elections, in which it won 30 out of 166 deputies and 20 out of 100 senators. Three years later, more than half of the congressmen from the Radical Change Party changed their standing towards the Party of the U, which resulted in it becoming Colombia's largest political party.
For the 2010 presidential elections, Party of the U chose former Defense Minister Juan Manuel Santos as a presidential candidate and Governor Angelino Garzon as a vice presidential candidate. Juan Manuel Santos was elected with 69% of the vote in the runoff. The Party also obtained 27 seats in the Senate in the 2010 congressional elections.
In 2012, the Uribistas and former President Alvaro Uribe along with Francisco Santos Calderon decided to form their own separate party, the Democratic Center. This was the result of constant intervention and criticism from former President Alvaro Uribe towards his presidential successor Juan Manuel Santos. The announcement of peace negotiations with the FARC and the Colombian Government was a partial factor that led to the fragmentation. Nevertheless, the party did not suffer high-level defections towards the Democratic Center. It came first in the Senate elections, followed in second place by the Democratic Center led by Alvaro Uribe who then became a Senator.
In 2014, President Juan Manuel Santos was re-elected for a second term, in a close race against former cabinet colleague and ex-Finance Minister Oscar Ivan Zuluaga of the Democratic Center.
The party has yet to officially announce its electoral strategy for 2018, but it is widely expected to form an electoral alliance with the Liberal Party.
Ideological platform
The Programmatic Declaration (Declaración Programática) is the official ideological platform of the party.
The Social Party of National Unity supports the development of the welfare state and recognises the family as the base of society.
The Party supports the implementation of a market-based economy.
It promotes globalisation, emphasising education, science, and technology as key pillars that can help Colombia succeed in a global market.
The Party supports decentralisation and more autonomy of the regions. Currently, the Caribbean Region is the first to begin the process to obtain more autonomy.
President Santos has also claimed that he supports Tony Blair's Third Way approach.
Since 2012, the party has been an observer member of the Liberal International.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Legislative elections
References
External links
Conservative parties in Colombia
Conservative liberal parties
Liberal parties in Colombia
Political parties established in 2005 |
Tucanes de Amazonas Fútbol Club (usually called Tucanes de Amazonas) is a professional club promoted to Venezuelan league in 2011. The club is based in Puerto Ayacucho.
Titles
Primera División Venezolana: 0
Amateur Era (0):
Professional Era (0):
Segunda División Venezolana: 0
Segunda División B Venezolana: 0
Tercera División Venezolana: 0
Copa de Venezuela: 0
Current first team squad
External links
Official Site
Association football clubs established in 2008
Football clubs in Venezuela
2008 establishments in Venezuela
Amazonas (Venezuelan state)
Puerto Ayacucho |
Adelaide Helen Grant Sinclair, (January 16, 1900 – November 20, 1982) was a Canadian public servant. She was the second Chairman of the UNICEF Executive Board from 1951 to 1952, and from 1957 to 1967, she was the deputy executive director for programs of UNICEF, and one of the highest ranking women at the United Nations.
Born in Toronto, Ontario, the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Overton Macdonald, she attended Havergal College and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from University College, University of Toronto in 1922 and a Master of Arts in 1925. She was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta at the University of Toronto. She did post-graduate work at the London School of Economics from 1926 to 1929 and the University of Berlin in 1929. She lectured in economics and political science at the University of Toronto.
In 1930 she married Donald Black Sinclair, a Toronto lawyer, who died in 1938. The couple had no children.
During World War II, she was the Director and temporary Commander of the Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service (WRCNS). She was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the New Year Honours 1945 for her "untiring zeal and outstanding ability, tact and judgement in organizing the Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service into a most efficient and well-disciplined unit".
From 1946 to 1957, she was the executive assistant to the Deputy Minister of National Health and Welfare and Canadian representative to UNICEF. From 1957 until her retirement in 1967, she was the Deputy Director of UNICEF.
In 1967, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. She received an honorary degree from the University of British Columbia in 1968.
References
20th-century Canadian civil servants
Officers of the Order of Canada
Canadian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Chairmen and Presidents of UNICEF
University of Toronto alumni
1900 births
1982 deaths
Military personnel from Toronto
Canadian women civil servants
Canadian female military personnel
Royal Canadian Navy officers
Canadian women diplomats
Canadian officials of the United Nations
20th-century Canadian women
Canadian expatriates in England |
Heritage Montreal is a Canadian non-profit organization dedicated to protecting the architectural, historic, natural, and cultural heritage of Greater Montreal. Architect Phyllis Lambert founded Heritage Montreal in 1975. It was preceded by Save Montreal, a volunteer group co-founded by Michael Fish after the controversial demolition of the Van Horne Mansion by developer David Azrieli in 1973. Heritage Montreal played a key role in efforts to halt demolition and redevelopment in the McGill Ghetto, also known as Milton Park.
History
Save Montreal
Heritage Montreal's predecessor institution was Save Montreal (Sauvons Montréal), founded on September 28, 1973, after the demolition of the Van Horne Mansion on Rue Sherbrooke. Its mission was to save the city's heritage. Because of the efforts of the volunteers of Save Montreal, the Commission des Citoyens Pour l’Avenir de Montréal begins hearings on May 29, 1976, and adopted guidelines on July 6, 1978, that require "due consideration" to the architectural qualities of residential buildings before issuing demolition permits. Save Montreal also pushed for the creation of Heritage Montreal.
Heritage Montreal
Architectural activist and Canadian Centre for Architecture founder, Phyllis Lambert, established Heritage Montreal in 1975 and served as its first president. It was incorporated on October 15, 1975. Its mission is to promote and protect the architectural, historic, natural, and cultural heritage of Greater Montreal. Heritage Montreal provides education and advocacy to preserve Montreal’s identity and uniqueness.
On October 6, 1981, the Heritage Montreal Foundation opened offices at the corner of Notre-Dame Street and Bonsecours Street at the former Monastère du Bon-Pasteur in Old Montreal. The Centre Urbain offers education and documentation services to anyone interested in preserving and enhancing urban heritage.
The City of Montreal and Heritage Montreal created Opération Patrimoine Architectural de Montréal (OPAM or the Montreal Architectural Heritage Campaign) in 1990. OPAM raises awareness of the importance of protecting built heritage by rewarding the work of heritage property owners. In 2001, the campaign expanded to cover the entire Island of Montreal. Heritage Montreal awards more than twenty OPAM prizes annually.
Marking its 20th anniversary in 1995, Heritage Montreal held public hearings at the Canadian Centre for Architecture, inviting organizations and the public to envision the future of Montreal's heritage. In 2001, Heritage Montreal suggested that Quebec's municipal reforms should include heritage-conservation and public-consultation bodies, Conseil du Patrimoine and Office de Consultation Publique, in the updated city charter. In 2005, Heritage Montreal’s Heritage and Development Committee (known by its French acronym CoPA) unveiled its first annual list of ten threatened emblematic sites in Montreal.
In October 2009, Heritage Montreal, Lambert, and others participated in a think tank called the Institut de Politiques Alternatives de Montréal, to advise the city on a range of matters, including urban planning, development, and heritage.
Preservation activities
Milton Park
With the support of Heritage Montreal and the financial assistance of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, residents of Milton Park created the largest co-operative housing project in North America, renovating entire rows of early 20th-century buildings between 1979 and 1982.
Mount Royal
In 1985, SNC announced its plan to replace the CBC/Radio-Canada transmission mast on Mount Royal with a tall tower topped by a restaurant. Les Amis de la Montagne (Friends of the Mountain) formed in 1986 to advocate for the preservation and enhancement of Mount Royal. That same year, Heritage Montreal and Save Montreal asked the Government of Quebec to classify Mount Royal under the Cultural Property Act. However, Quebec forwarded its request to the City of Montreal.
Heritage Montreal, Les Amis de la Montagne, the Centre de la Montagne, and the City of Montreal organized the inaugural Mount Royal Summit run on March 14, 2002. On March 9, 2005, the Government of Quebec granted double heritage protection status for the first time, decreeing Mount Royal a historic and natural district.
Redpath Mansion
In 1986, Heritage Montreal and Save Montreal obtained an injunction to stop the demolition of the Redpath Mansion. In an out-of-court settlement, the owner committed to developing and enhancing the property but instead abandoned the mansion and surrounding land for more than 25 years. Heritage Montreal kept its vigilance, hoping to find a renovation project. However, the Redpath Mansion was demolished in 2014.
Montreal Botanical Garden
In 1994, Heritage Montreal filed a request to have the Montreal Botanical Garden classified as a historic site, citing its national value as a complex dedicated to science and society.
Silo No. 5
On October 4, 1997, Heritage Montreal hosted a study day on the future of Silo No. 5, in collaboration with the Association Québécoise pour le Patrimoine Industriel (AQPI).
Eaton’s restaurant
On February 16, 1999, Heritage Montreal asked the Ministry of Culture and Communications to assign historic monument classification for the Art Deco restaurant on the 9th floor of the former Eaton’s department store. On August 24, 2000, the Minister of Culture and Communications, Agnès Maltais, announced its classification as a historic monument.
Habitat 67
Heritage Montreal filed requests in 2002 for Habitat 67 to become a historic monument and a heritage site. The City of Montreal approved its historic monument status in September 2007. The Ministry of Culture and Communications approved its status as a heritage site in 2009.
Guaranteed Pure Milk bottle
In partnership with the provincial milk producers’ federation and private partners from the arts sector, Heritage Montreal launched Opération Sauvons la Pinte (Save the Milk Bottle) in 2009. The iconic milk-bottle-shaped Guaranteed Pure Milk water tower was restored with its original painted inscriptions.
Fulford residence
In February 2022, Heritage Montreal asked Culture and Communications Minister Nathalie Roy to give the Major House, known as the Fulford Residence, protection by classifying it under the Cultural Heritage Act. Located on Guy Street in the heart of the Peter-McGill neighborhood, the 1885 Fulford Residence was home to James Edward Major until 1890 when it became a home for women.
The Fulford Residence was significant because of its intact 19th-century architecture. However, when the women's home was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was uncertainty about the fate of this heritage property. Quebec’s Culture and Communications Ministry announced on August 26, 2022, that the residence will be classified as a heritage building. The designation will apply to the building, the site, and some of its interiors “which are of particular architectural integrity and interest.”
Educational activities
Heritage Montreal's earliest programs were lectures on residential renovation, informing homeowners of best practices, and raising awareness about retaining heritage components. In 1985, more than sixty students from Quebec and elsewhere enrolled in a summer course about renovation and restoration, organized by Heritage Montreal and Université de Montréal. In 1985, Heritage Montreal and the Institut d’Urbanisme of Université de Montréal organized a heritage symposium for municipalities, teaching about new heritage protections in the Cultural Property Act.
In 1986, a school bus became Heritage Montreal's Archibus, taking classes on architectural and urban discovery tours. In addition, Heritage Montreal took over hosting guided tours of Montreal neighborhoods from Save Montreal in 1988. In 1989, Heritage Montreal and ICOMOS organized an integrated conservation symposium for representatives from several countries and UNESCO. Also in 1989, Heritage Montreal organized a symposium on preserving historic movie theaters at the Rialto Cinema, a Montreal historic monument. This meeting led to the publication of a brief on repurposing former movie theatres as arts and culture venues.
Heritage Montreal organized two major projects to celebrate Montreal’s 350th anniversary in 1992: the Patrimoine en Marche (Steps in Time Guides) and self-guided tours along Rue Sherbrooke. In collaboration with the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Quebec Order of Architects, and donors, Heritage Montreal created a program to educate young people on heritage and urban issues. In 1995, Heritage Montreal’s urban tours were renamed the ArchitecTours: an annual series of guided walking tours to discover Montreal, its neighborhoods, and its heritage.
In September 2014, Heritage Montreal organized a symposium on repurposing former hospital buildings as part of the Entretiens Jacques-Cartier.
Publications
Heritage Montreal, in collaboration with the Ministry of Cultural Affairs, published four technical guides on renovating traditional masonry, windows, roof coverings, and facings. The guides were aimed at owners of heritage residences as well as construction and renovation contractors.
In 1997, Heritage Montreal published Plan Stratégique de Conservation des églises et des Chapelles au Centre-ville de Montréal, under the direction of Jean-Claude Marsan. This was a strategic plan for downtown Montreal's historic churches.
In 1998, Heritage Montreal published its first Grand Calendrier du Patrimoine (Great Heritage Calendar), a one-stop guide to public activities through Montreal heritage organizations.
References
Historic preservation organizations in Canada
Culture of Montreal
Organizations based in Montreal
Organizations established in 1975
History of Montreal
Architecture in Canada |
The Ellis Building is a historic commercial building at 208 North Block Avenue in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is a single-story brick building, with a hip roof that has a rounded top section. The roof's shape is obscured from the front by a low stepped parapet. The front facade has a former garage bay opening to the left, and a pair of plate glass display windows flanking a pedestrian entrance to the right. The building was under construction about 1923, and is one of the oldest surviving automotive service buildings in northwestern Arkansas. It has housed a variety of commercial businesses since ending automotive use about 1955.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Arkansas
References
Gas stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Buildings and structures completed in 1923
National Register of Historic Places in Fayetteville, Arkansas
1923 establishments in Arkansas |
Rattle of a Simple Man is a 1964 British comedy-drama film directed by Muriel Box and starring Diane Cilento, Harry H. Corbett and Michael Medwin, based on the 1963 play by Charles Dyer. The screenplay is about a naive man who becomes involved with a prostitute.
Premise
Percy Winthram is a 39-year-old socially inept, anxious virgin who pretends to be younger and travels by coach to London from Manchester with a group of friends to watch the FA Cup Final. The group have a night out in Soho and a £50 bet leads Percy to spend the evening with prostitute Cyrenne.
Selected cast
Diane Cilento as Cyrenne
Harry H. Corbett as Percy Winthram
Michael Medwin as Ginger
Thora Hird as Mrs. Winthram
Charles Dyer as Chalky
Hugh Futcher as Ozzie
Carole Gray as District Nurse
Barbara Archer as Iris
David Saire as Mario
Alexander Davion as Ricardo
John Ronane as Willie
Michael Robbins as George
George Roderick as Papa
Marie Burke as Mama
Bryan Mosley as Mr. Stratton (uncredited)
Marianne Stone as Barmaid
Brian Wilde as Fred
Ingrid Anthofer as 1st Stripper
Karen Kaufman as 2nd Stripper
Terence Brook as Strip Club Barman
Eric Mason as Strip Club Doorman
Thelma Taylor as Strip Club waitress
David Burke as Jack
Paul Ferris as Mike
Frank Hawkins as Crying Man
Roy Patrick as Sailor
Doug Robinson as Big Joe
Christine Taylor as Party Girl
Marjie Lawrence as Barmaid (uncredited)
Production
Sydney Box emerged from a temporary retirement from filmmaking to buy the rights to the play for £50,000. Box originally wanted Peter Sellers for the lead role but he was too expensive.
Reception
Box office
The film was not a success at the box office.
Critical
Variety commented that "most of the charm and tenderness that occasionally illuminated Charles Dyer’s successful play has been lost in this coarsened, fatuous film. Only a lively, vivid performance by Diane Cilento in a contrived role holds much interest, though a sound cast does spartan work in juggling the sparse material"; while Sky Movies called it "a rather touching and at times richly amusing extended playlet about an 'innocent' football fan from the north, and the night he spends talking to a London prostitute in her flat. Not very plausible, perhaps, but winningly done. As Cyrenne, the streetwalker, Diane Cilento is persuasive and just right. And Harry H Corbett was able to break away completely from his Steptoe image. Michael Medwin is also very good as Corbett's big-talking friend."
References
External links
1964 films
1964 comedy-drama films
1960s sex comedy films
1960s English-language films
British association football films
British black-and-white films
British comedy-drama films
British films based on plays
British sex comedy films
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about prostitution in the United Kingdom
Films about virginity
Films directed by Muriel Box
Films set in London
Films shot at Associated British Studios
1960s British films |
Dublin City Council () is the authority responsible for local government in the city of Dublin in Ireland. As a city council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. Until 2001, the council was known as Dublin Corporation. The council is responsible for public housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture and environment. The council has 63 elected members and is the largest local council in Ireland. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the honorific title of Lord Mayor. The city administration is headed by a Chief Executive, Owen Keegan. The council meets at City Hall, Dublin.
Legal status
Local government in Dublin is regulated by the Local Government Act 2001. This provided for the renaming of the old Dublin Corporation to its present title of Dublin City Council. Dublin City Council sends seven representatives to the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly, one of three such Assemblies in the state.
Dublin City is bordered by the counties of Fingal, South Dublin and Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. These four local government areas comprise the traditional County Dublin. In 2013, all of Dublin's councils, except Fingal, supported the introduction of an executive mayor the Dublin Metropolitan Area, and a Citizen's Assembly has been planned in order to establish what a combined Dublin Mayorship would look like.
Statutory functions
The functions of the City Council include: public housing, city library services, refuse services, drainage, driver and vehicle licensing, planning and roads. The council budgeted to spend €847,137,522 during 2007 in service of these functions. 50.5% of this went towards the payroll of the council's staff which was a reduction from 50.7% in 2006. In the case of Traffic Management, the council receives grants from the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government and also the National Roads Authority to assist it in meeting this responsibility. The 2007 roads budget was just over €105,000,000, to support maintenance of all roads in its functional area.
History
Prior to 1841, the administrative and governmental system of Dublin, known as Dublin Corporation, was bicameral having an assembly of called the "House of Aldermen" and another called the "House of Sheriffs and Commons". Under the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, they were replaced by a unicameral assembly. The new name Dublin City Council was coined for the unicameral assembly. The Lord Mayor of Dublin presided over the assembly. This office had existed since 1665. The first City Council was elected in October 1841 when Daniel O'Connell became the first Lord Mayor. Since 1 January 2002, the functions of local government have been transferred to Dublin City Council. To coincide with its name change, the city council adopted a new logo and brand identity, based on a simplified version of the ancient "three castles" symbol.
Structures
Executive power is shared between the council and an appointed executive official known as the Chief Executive. The chief executive is responsible for a staff of 6,200. The offices of the chief executive and other administrative staff are based in the Civic Offices on Wood Quay. The Lord Mayor of Dublin acts as chair of the council is the ceremonial head of the city government.
Representative power is vested in the city assembly which consists of 63 members. Members are elected using proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote, every five years from Dublin City Council local electoral areas. The City Council meets in plenary session on the first Monday of every month in Dublin City Hall. One of the council's most important roles is that of passing an annual budget. Should any Irish council fail to pass a budget within the allotted time, the Minister for the Environment is empowered to abolish it and grant its powers to a commissioner until the next scheduled council elections.
Local electoral areas
Dublin City Council has 63 seats, which is divided into the following local electoral areas, defined by electoral divisions.
Current councillors
The following were elected at the 2019 Dublin City Council election, under the boundaries which existed at the time. The council has 63 seats.
2019 seats summary
Councillors by electoral area
This list reflects the order in which councillors were elected on 24 May 2019.
Notes
Co-options
Changes in affiliation
Council buildings
The Lord Mayor's official residence is the Mansion House, which first became the residence of the Lord Mayor in 1715.
Council meetings take place in the headquarters at Dublin City Hall. Formerly Royal Exchange, the City Hall is one of Dublin's finest buildings and located on Dame Street. It was built in 1769–79 to the winning design of Thomas Cooley. In an architectural competition, James Gandon was the runner-up with a scheme that many people favoured. The building was taken over for city government use in the 1850s.
References
External links
Full list of Councillors
History of Dublin City Council
Podcast about the history of local government in Dublin
City Council
City Council
City councils in the Republic of Ireland
1841 establishments in Ireland
Politics of Dublin (city) |
William T. Golden Center for Science and Engineering is a high-rise building in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. Completed in 1996, the building rises to and has 12 floors. The architects of the building were Davis, Carter, Scott Ltd. and Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, who designed the postmodern building. This building is the headquarters to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a non-profit organization established in 1848 that aims to advance science around the world. Other tenants include the Association of American Universities and the IRIS Consortium.
The building is named after William T. Golden.
See also
Renaissance (Bakalar)
List of tallest buildings in Washington, D.C.
References
Buildings and structures completed in 1996
Skyscraper office buildings in Washington, D.C.
American Association for the Advancement of Science
1996 establishments in Washington, D.C. |
Yansaré is a town in the Saponé Department of Bazèga Province in central Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,048.
References
Populated places in the Centre-Sud Region
Bazèga Province |
```php
<?php
class RequestsTests_Encoding extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
protected static function mapData($type, $data) {
$real_data = array();
foreach ($data as $value) {
$key = $type . ': ' . $value[0];
$real_data[$key] = $value;
}
return $real_data;
}
public static function gzipData() {
return array(
array(
'foobar',
"\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x4b\xcb\xcf\x4f\x4a"
. "\x2c\x02\x00\x95\x1f\xf6\x9e\x06\x00\x00\x00",
),
array(
'Requests for PHP',
"\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x0b\x4a\x2d\x2c\x4d"
. "\x2d\x2e\x29\x56\x48\xcb\x2f\x52\x08\xf0\x08\x00\x00\x58\x35"
. "\x18\x17\x10\x00\x00\x00",
),
);
}
public static function deflateData() {
return array(
array(
'foobar',
"\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x78\x9c\x4b\xcb\xcf"
. "\x4f\x4a\x2c\x02\x00\x08\xab\x02\x7a"
),
array(
'Requests for PHP',
"\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x78\x9c\x0b\x4a\x2d"
. "\x2c\x4d\x2d\x2e\x29\x56\x48\xcb\x2f\x52\x08\xf0\x08\x00\x00"
. "\x34\x68\x05\xcc"
)
);
}
public static function deflateWithoutHeadersData() {
return array(
array(
'foobar',
"\x78\x9c\x4b\xcb\xcf\x4f\x4a\x2c\x02\x00\x08\xab\x02\x7a"
),
array(
'Requests for PHP',
"\x78\x9c\x0b\x4a\x2d\x2c\x4d\x2d\x2e\x29\x56\x48\xcb\x2f\x52"
. "\x08\xf0\x08\x00\x00\x34\x68\x05\xcc"
)
);
}
public static function encodedData() {
$datasets = array();
$datasets['gzip'] = self::gzipData();
$datasets['deflate'] = self::deflateData();
$datasets['deflate without zlib headers'] = self::deflateWithoutHeadersData();
$data = array();
foreach ($datasets as $key => $set) {
$real_set = self::mapData($key, $set);
$data = array_merge($data, $real_set);
}
return $data;
}
/**
* @dataProvider encodedData
*/
public function testDecompress($original, $encoded) {
$decoded = Requests::decompress($encoded);
$this->assertEquals($original, $decoded);
}
/**
* @dataProvider encodedData
*/
public function testCompatibleInflate($original, $encoded) {
$decoded = Requests::compatible_gzinflate($encoded);
$this->assertEquals($original, $decoded);
}
protected function bin2hex($field) {
$field = bin2hex($field);
$field = chunk_split($field,2,"\\x");
$field = "\\x" . substr($field,0,-2);
return $field;
}
}
``` |
FEX may refer to:
Fabric extenders, in Cisco Nexus switches#Nexus 2000 series
Fexofenadine, a antihistamine pharmaceutical drug
Foreign Extemporaneous Speaking, speech delivery style |
Vira-Varman (IAST: Vīravarman, reigned c. 1245-1285 CE) was a king of the Chandela dynasty of central India. He ruled the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh).
Viravarman succeeded Trailokyavarman as the Chandela king. He bore the usual Chandela imperial titles Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara Kalanjaradhipati. Like his predecessors, Viravarman issued copper coins and gold coins featuring a seated goddess.
According to the 1311 VS Charkhari inscription, Viravarman's general Rauta Abhi defeated Dabhyuhada-Varman of Chandreshvar-anvaya at Sondhi (modern Seondha). Viravarman also invaded Nalapura (modern Narwar), the capital of the Yajvapala ruler Gopala. The Dahi copper-plate inscription of the Chandelas claims that the Chandela general Mallaya defeated the lord of Nalapura. On the other hand, the Bangla and Narwar inscriptions of the Yajvapalas claim that Gopala defeated Viravarman. It is possible that Viravarman achieved some initial successes, but was forced to retreat.
According to the Muslim historians such as Firishta, the Delhi Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud subjugated the Bundelkhand area around 1251 CE. However, he could not eliminate the Chandelas, as evident by the Chandela inscriptions dated after this period. A 1260 CE inscription of Viravarman's queen Kalyanadevi records the construction of a well and a tank at Nandipura.
According to a Kalanjara inscription, Viravarman commissioned several temples, gardens and water bodies. He also installed images of the deities such as Shiva, Kamala and Kali. An Ajaygarh inscription records the installation of a Jain image during his reign.
Viravarman was succeeded by Bhojavarman.
References
Bibliography
Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
13th-century Indian monarchs |
Susilo is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Ronald Susilo (born 1979), Singaporean badminton player of Chinese Indonesian descent
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 1949), Indonesian politician and army general
Susilo Wonowidjojo, Indonesian businessman |
Jonathan Tyler is an American rock band from Dallas, Texas.
History
The band was formed in January 2007 in Dallas, Texas by Jonathan Tyler, Brandon Pinckard, along with Oklahoma natives Nick Jay, and Jordan Cain. The band immediately went into the studio with local producer Chris Bell to record their first independent record Hot Trottin. After playing nearly every venue in Deep Ellum the band began to venture outside of Dallas into Austin, Houston, and other surrounding cities. Emotion Brown joined the band in May 2007.
By 2008, the band began garnering regional and national attention by supporting major national acts including Erykah Badu, Leon Russell, Deep Purple, The Black Crowes, Kool & the Gang, Chicago, Heart, Cross Canadian Ragweed, among others. The band was discovered at SXSW 2008 by an A&R representative from Atlantic Records, and was soon signed to F-Stop Music/Atlantic Records. The band was awarded "Best Blues Act" by the 2008 Dallas Observer Music Awards.
In 2009, JTNL continued touring extensively across the United States, most notably alongside Lynyrd Skynyrd, Kid Rock, O.A.R., & AC/DC. The band also played the Austin City Limits Music Festival, Forecastle Festival, Summerfest, Wakarusa, and SXSW. In August, JTNL recorded their first album Pardon Me for F-Stop Music/Atlantic Records. Jay Joyce was selected by the band to produce the record from his Nashville studio. The band was awarded "Best Group", "Best Male Vocalist", and "Best Blues Act" by the 2009 Dallas Observer Music Awards. Rave reviews from outlets across the country began pouring in for the band and their live show, including praise from critics in USA Today, American Songwriter, Chicago Sun Times, Orlando Weekly, Austin American Statesman, Arizona Daily Star, Urban Tulsa Weekly, and Nuvo Weekly (Indianapolis) among numerous others.
On April 27, 2010, Pardon Me was released nationwide. It was awarded "Reader's Pick Best Local CD Release" in the Dallas Observer, the "fourth best release of 2010" by the Dallas Morning News, and received favorable reviews nationwide.
In 2010, JTNL most notably toured alongside ZZ Top, JJ Grey & MOFRO, American Bang, Robert Randolph and the Family Band, and others. They played Bonnaroo Music Festival, Voodoo Fest, Summerfest, BamaJam, and SXSW.
Blender Magazine exclusively debuted the video for "Gypsy Woman" November 15, 2010 on Blender.com.
The band was named "Top Artist of 2010" by Pegasus News.
Jonathan Tyler was named "Best Male Vocalist" by the 2010 Dallas Observer Music Awards.
JTNL was named "Pick of the Week" in USA Today on May 5, 2010.
Television and film appearances
"Devil's Basement" was featured on the trailer for the HBO series Boardwalk Empire.
"Hot Sake" was featured in episode 11 of the Fox television series The Good Guys.
"Pardon Me" was featured on the premier of the NBC series Friday Night Lights.
"Young & Free" was used throughout the 2010 ESPN College Football season, and throughout 2010 on the Fox Sports channel.
The band performed "Pardon Me" on the ABC television program Jimmy Kimmel Live! on April 8, 2010. They also performed it during an appearance on The Gordon Keith Show in Dallas.
The band performed "Gypsy Woman" on the WGN Midday News on WGN-TV Chicago and WGN America on December 14, 2010.
The group's version of "Sugar, Sugar" was picked up in Fall 2011 as the theme to the TLC series Cake Boss, replacing a prior version of the song sung by The Nerds.
Select Songwriting and Production Discography
Discography
Studio albums
Hot Trottin (2007) – Independent release
Pardon Me (2010) – F-Stop Music/Atlantic Records
Holy Smokes (2015) – Timeless Echo/Thirty Tigers
Singles
References
External links
Hard rock musical groups from Texas
Musical groups from Dallas
Musical groups established in 2007 |
```c++
/*
*
* path_to_url for terms and conditions.
*/
#include "V82JSC.h"
#include "ObjectTemplate.h"
#include "Object.h"
#include "JSCPrivate.h"
#include <string.h>
using namespace V82JSC;
using namespace v8;
static GenericNamedPropertyGetterCallback NullNamedGetter =
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static GenericNamedPropertySetterCallback NullNamedSetter =
[](Local<Name> property, Local<v8::Value> value, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static GenericNamedPropertyDescriptorCallback NullNamedDescriptor =
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static GenericNamedPropertyDeleterCallback NullNamedDeleter =
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Boolean>& info) {};
static GenericNamedPropertyEnumeratorCallback NullNamedEnumerator =
[](const PropertyCallbackInfo<Array>& info) {};
static GenericNamedPropertyDefinerCallback NullNamedDefiner =
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyDescriptor& desc, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static GenericNamedPropertyQueryCallback NullNamedQuery =
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<Integer>& info) {};
static IndexedPropertyGetterCallback NullIndexedGetter =
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static IndexedPropertySetterCallback NullIndexedSetter =
[](uint32_t index, Local<v8::Value> value, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static IndexedPropertyDescriptorCallback NullIndexedDescriptor =
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static IndexedPropertyDeleterCallback NullIndexedDeleter =
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Boolean>& info) {};
static IndexedPropertyEnumeratorCallback NullIndexedEnumerator =
[](const PropertyCallbackInfo<Array>& info) {};
static IndexedPropertyDefinerCallback NullIndexedDefiner =
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyDescriptor& desc, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {};
static IndexedPropertyQueryCallback NullIndexedQuery =
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<Integer>& info) {};
struct DefaultNamedHandlers : public NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
{
DefaultNamedHandlers() : NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
(NullNamedGetter, NullNamedSetter, NullNamedDescriptor, NullNamedDeleter,
NullNamedEnumerator, NullNamedDefiner) { query = NullNamedQuery; }
};
struct DefaultIndexedHandlers : public IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
{
DefaultIndexedHandlers() : IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
(NullIndexedGetter, NullIndexedSetter, NullIndexedDescriptor, NullIndexedDeleter,
NullIndexedEnumerator, NullIndexedDefiner) { query = NullIndexedQuery; }
};
#define THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() \
info.GetIsolate()->ThrowException(Exception::TypeError(v8::String::NewFromUtf8(info.GetIsolate(), "access denied", \
v8::NewStringType::kNormal).ToLocalChecked()));
struct AccessDeniedNamedHandlers : public NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
{
AccessDeniedNamedHandlers() : NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
(
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](Local<Name> property, Local<v8::Value> value, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Boolean>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](const PropertyCallbackInfo<Array>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](Local<Name> property, const PropertyDescriptor& desc, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() }
)
{
query = [](Local<Name> property, const PropertyCallbackInfo<Integer>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() };
}
};
struct AccessDeniedIndexedHandlers : public IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
{
AccessDeniedIndexedHandlers() : IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration
(
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](uint32_t index, Local<v8::Value> value, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Boolean>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](const PropertyCallbackInfo<Array>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() },
[](uint32_t index, const PropertyDescriptor& desc, const PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() }
)
{
query = [](uint32_t index, const PropertyCallbackInfo<Integer>& info) { THROW_ACCESS_ERROR() };
}
};
/** Creates an ObjectTemplate. */
Local<v8::ObjectTemplate> v8::ObjectTemplate::New(
Isolate* isolate,
Local<FunctionTemplate> constructor)
{
EscapableHandleScope scope(isolate);
if (!constructor.IsEmpty()) {
return scope.Escape(constructor->InstanceTemplate());
} else {
auto otempl = static_cast<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate*>
(HeapAllocator::Alloc(ToIsolateImpl(isolate),
ToIsolateImpl(isolate)->m_object_template_map));
otempl->m_constructor_template.Reset();
otempl->m_named_data = 0;
otempl->m_indexed_data = 0;
otempl->m_named_handler = DefaultNamedHandlers();
otempl->m_indexed_handler = DefaultIndexedHandlers();
otempl->m_named_failed_access_handler = AccessDeniedNamedHandlers();
otempl->m_indexed_failed_access_handler = AccessDeniedIndexedHandlers();
return scope.Escape(CreateLocal<ObjectTemplate>(isolate, otempl));
}
}
/** Get a template included in the snapshot by index. */
MaybeLocal<v8::ObjectTemplate> v8::ObjectTemplate::FromSnapshot(Isolate* isolate,
size_t index)
{
NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/** Creates a new instance of this template.*/
MaybeLocal<Object> v8::ObjectTemplate::NewInstance(Local<Context> context)
{
auto impl = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate>(this);
auto ctx = ToContextImpl(context);
IsolateImpl* iso = ToIsolateImpl(ctx);
Isolate* isolate = ToIsolate(iso);
EscapableHandleScope scope(isolate);
Context::Scope context_scope(context);
// Temporarily disable access checks until we are done setting up the object
DisableAccessChecksScope disable_scope(iso, impl);
Local<ObjectTemplate> thiz = CreateLocal<ObjectTemplate>(&iso->ii, impl);
LocalException exception(iso);
JSObjectRef instance = 0;
if (!impl->m_constructor_template.IsEmpty()) {
MaybeLocal<Function> ctor = impl->m_constructor_template.Get(isolate)->GetFunction(context);
if (!ctor.IsEmpty()) {
JSValueRef ctor_func = ToJSValueRef(ctor.ToLocalChecked(), context);
instance = JSObjectCallAsConstructor(ctx->m_ctxRef, (JSObjectRef)ctor_func, 0, 0, &exception);
return scope.Escape(V82JSC::Value::New(ctx, instance).As<Object>());
} else {
return MaybeLocal<Object>();
}
} else if (impl->m_callback) {
JSClassDefinition def = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
if (impl->m_callback) {
def.callAsFunction = V82JSC::Template::callAsFunctionCallback;
def.callAsConstructor = V82JSC::Template::callAsConstructorCallback;
}
JSClassRef claz = JSClassCreate(&def);
void * data = PersistentData<ObjectTemplate>(isolate, thiz);
def.finalize = [](JSObjectRef obj) {
void *data = JSObjectGetPrivate(obj);
ReleasePersistentData<ObjectTemplate>(data);
};
instance = JSObjectMake(ctx->m_ctxRef, claz, data);
} else {
instance = JSObjectMake(ctx->m_ctxRef, 0, 0);
}
MaybeLocal<Object> o = impl->NewInstance(context, instance, false);
if (o.IsEmpty()) {
return MaybeLocal<Object>();
}
return scope.Escape(o.ToLocalChecked());
}
#undef O
#define O(v) reinterpret_cast<v8::internal::Object*>(v)
#define CALLBACK_PARAMS JSContextRef ctx, JSObjectRef function, JSObjectRef thisObject, \
size_t argumentCount, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef* exception
#define PASS ctx, function, thisObject, argumentCount, arguments, exception
class InterceptorGetter {};
class InterceptorSetter {};
class InterceptorOther {};
template <typename V, typename I>
JSValueRef PropertyHandler(CALLBACK_PARAMS,
void (*named_handler)(const V82JSC::ObjectTemplate*, Local<Name>, Local<v8::Value>, PropertyCallbackInfo<V>&, const NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration&),
void (*indexed_handler)(const V82JSC::ObjectTemplate*, uint32_t, Local<v8::Value>, PropertyCallbackInfo<V>&, const IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration&))
{
// Arguments:
// get - target, property, receiver -> Value
// set - target, property, value, receiver -> True (assigned), False (not assigned)
// deleteProperty - target, property -> True (deleted), False (not deleted)
// has - target, property -> True (has), False (not has)
// ownKeys - target -> Array of keys
IsolateImpl *isolateimpl = IsolateFromCtx(ctx);
Isolate *isolate = ToIsolate(isolateimpl);
v8::Locker lock(isolate);
HandleScope scope(isolate);
*exception = 0;
assert(argumentCount > 0);
JSValueRef excp = 0;
JSObjectRef target = (JSObjectRef) arguments[0];
JSStringRef propertyName = 0;
bool isSymbol = false;
bool isIndex = false;
int index = 0;
auto thread = IsolateImpl::PerThreadData::Get(isolateimpl);
if (argumentCount > 1) {
isSymbol = JSValueToBoolean(ctx, exec(ctx, "return typeof _1 === 'symbol'", 1, &arguments[1]));
if (!isSymbol) {
propertyName = JSValueToStringCopy(ctx, arguments[1], &excp);
} else {
JSValueRef args[] = {
arguments[1],
isolateimpl->m_private_symbol
};
if (JSValueToBoolean(ctx, exec(ctx, "return _1 === _2", 2, args))) {
return NULL;
}
}
assert(excp==0);
} else {
propertyName = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("NONE");
}
if (!isSymbol) {
size_t size = JSStringGetMaximumUTF8CStringSize(propertyName);
char property[size];
JSStringGetUTF8CString(propertyName, property, size);
char *p = nullptr;
index = strtod(property, &p);
if (p && (!strcmp(p, "constructor") || !strcmp(p, "__proto__") )) {
return NULL;
}
if (!p || *p==0) isIndex = true;
}
int receiver_loc = std::is_same<I,InterceptorGetter>::value ? 2 : std::is_same<I,InterceptorSetter>::value ? 3 : 0;
JSValueRef value;
if (argumentCount > 2) {
value = arguments[2];
} else {
value = JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx);
}
auto wrap = V82JSC::TrackedObject::getPrivateInstance(ctx, target);
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate>(wrap->m_object_template.Get(isolate));
Local<v8::Context> context = LocalContext::New(ToIsolate(isolateimpl), ctx);
v8::Context::Scope context_scope(context);
auto ctximpl = ToContextImpl(context);
Local<v8::Value> holder = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, wrap->m_proxy_security);
#ifdef USE_JAVASCRIPTCORE_PRIVATE_API
JSGlobalContextRef creation_context = JSCPrivate::JSObjectGetGlobalContext(target);
#else
JSGlobalContextRef creation_context = JSContextGetGlobalContext(ctx);
#endif
bool ok = wrap->m_isGlobalObject && creation_context == JSContextGetGlobalContext(ctx);
if (!ok && templ->m_access_check) {
ok = templ->m_access_check(context,
V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, target).As<Object>(),
V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, templ->m_access_check_data));
} else {
ok = true;
}
Local<v8::Value> data;
if (!ok) {
if (isSymbol || !isIndex) { /* Is named */
data = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, templ->m_failed_named_data);
} else { /* Is Indexed */
data = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, templ->m_failed_indexed_data);
}
} else {
if (isSymbol || !isIndex) { /* Is named */
data = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, templ->m_named_data);
} else { /* Is Indexed */
data = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, templ->m_indexed_data);
}
}
++ thread->m_callback_depth;
Local<v8::Value> thiz = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, arguments[receiver_loc]);
typedef v8::internal::Heap::RootListIndex R;
internal::Object *the_hole = isolateimpl->ii.heap()->root(R::kTheHoleValueRootIndex);
// FIXME: I can think of no way to determine whether we were called from strict mode or not
bool isStrict = false;
internal::Object *shouldThrow = internal::Smi::FromInt(isStrict?1:0);
v8::internal::Object * implicit[] = {
shouldThrow, // kShouldThrowOnErrorIndex = 0;
* reinterpret_cast<v8::internal::Object**>(*holder), // kHolderIndex = 1;
O(isolateimpl), // kIsolateIndex = 2;
the_hole, // kReturnValueDefaultValueIndex = 3;
the_hole, // kReturnValueIndex = 4;
* reinterpret_cast<v8::internal::Object**>(*data), // kDataIndex = 5;
* reinterpret_cast<v8::internal::Object**>(*thiz), // kThisIndex = 6;
};
PropertyCallback<V> info(implicit);
Local<v8::Value> set = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, value);
thread->m_scheduled_exception = the_hole;
TryCatch try_catch(ToIsolate(isolateimpl));
if (isSymbol || !isIndex) {
Local<Name> prop = Local<Name>();
if (argumentCount>1) {
prop = V82JSC::Value::New(ctximpl, arguments[1]).As<Name>();
}
named_handler(templ, prop, set, info, ok ? templ->m_named_handler : templ->m_named_failed_access_handler);
} else {
indexed_handler(templ, index, set, info, ok ? templ->m_indexed_handler : templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler);
}
if (try_catch.HasCaught()) {
*exception = ToJSValueRef(try_catch.Exception(), context);
} else if (thread->m_scheduled_exception != the_hole) {
internal::Object * excep = thread->m_scheduled_exception;
*exception = ToJSValueRef_<v8::Value>(excep, context);
thread->m_scheduled_exception = the_hole;
}
-- thread->m_callback_depth;
if (implicit[4] == the_hole) {
return NULL;
}
Local<v8::Value> retVal = info.GetReturnValue().Get();
return ToJSValueRef<v8::Value>(retVal, context);
}
#define NAMED_PARAMS(R) const V82JSC::ObjectTemplate* impl, Local<Name> property, Local<v8::Value> value, \
PropertyCallbackInfo<R>& info, const NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration& config
#define INDEXED_PARAMS(R) const V82JSC::ObjectTemplate* impl, uint32_t index, Local<v8::Value> value, \
PropertyCallbackInfo<R>& info, const IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration& config
static inline bool inGlobalPrototypeChain(JSContextRef ctx, JSObjectRef obj)
{
JSObjectRef global = JSContextGetGlobalObject(ctx);
while (JSValueIsObject(ctx, global)) {
if (JSValueIsStrictEqual(ctx, global, obj)) return true;
global = (JSObjectRef) JSObjectGetPrototype(ctx, global);
}
return false;
}
static JSValueRef proxy_get(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Value,InterceptorGetter>
(
PASS, [](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.getter(property, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.getter(index, info); }
);
if (ret == NULL && !*exception) {
// Not handled. Pass thru.
assert(argumentCount>1);
// If the receiver is not the proxy, do the 'get' via the prototype so that any
// signature checks can be maintained properly
auto wrap = V82JSC::TrackedObject::getPrivateInstance(ctx, (JSObjectRef)arguments[0]);
if (!JSValueIsStrictEqual(ctx, wrap->m_proxy_security, arguments[2])) {
JSObjectRef temp1 = JSObjectMake(ctx, 0, 0);
JSObjectSetPrototype(ctx, temp1, arguments[0]);
JSValueRef args[] = {
temp1,
arguments[1]
};
return exec(ctx, "return Reflect.get(_1,_2)", 2, args, exception);
}
return exec(ctx, "return Reflect.get(_1,_2)", 2, arguments, exception);
}
return ret;
}
static JSValueRef legacy_proxy_get(JSContextRef ctx, JSObjectRef object,
JSStringRef propertyName, JSValueRef* exception)
{
if (JSStringGetLength(propertyName) == 0 || !inGlobalPrototypeChain(ctx, object)) return NULL;
JSValueRef args[] = {
object, JSValueMakeString(ctx, propertyName), object
};
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Value,InterceptorGetter>
(
ctx, object, object, 3, args, exception,
[](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.getter(property, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.getter(index, info); }
);
return ret;
}
static JSValueRef proxy_set(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Value,InterceptorSetter>
(PASS, [](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.setter(property, value, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.setter(index, value, info); }
);
if (*exception) {
return JSValueMakeBoolean(ctx, false);
}
if (ret == NULL) {
assert(argumentCount>2);
auto wrap = V82JSC::TrackedObject::getPrivateInstance(ctx, (JSObjectRef)arguments[0]);
assert(wrap);
// If the receiver is not the proxy, do the 'set' via the prototype so that any
// signature checks can be maintained properly
if (!JSValueIsStrictEqual(ctx, wrap->m_proxy_security, arguments[3])) {
JSValueRef args[] = {
arguments[0],
arguments[1],
arguments[2],
arguments[3],
0
};
args[4] = JSObjectMake(ctx, 0, 0);
JSObjectSetPrototype(ctx, (JSObjectRef)args[4], arguments[0]);
return exec(ctx, "Reflect.set(_5,_2,_3); return Reflect.set(_1,_2,_3)", 5, args, exception);
}
return exec(ctx, "return Reflect.set(_1,_2,_3)", 3, arguments, exception);
}
return JSValueMakeBoolean(ctx, true);
}
static bool legacy_proxy_set(JSContextRef ctx, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef propertyName,
JSValueRef value, JSValueRef* exception)
{
if (JSStringGetLength(propertyName) == 0 || !inGlobalPrototypeChain(ctx, object)) return NULL;
JSValueRef args[] = {
object, JSValueMakeString(ctx, propertyName), value, object
};
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Value,InterceptorSetter>
(ctx, object, object, 4, args, exception,
[](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.setter(property, value, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.setter(index, value, info); }
);
if (*exception || ret == NULL) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
static JSValueRef proxy_has(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<Integer,InterceptorOther>
(PASS,
[](NAMED_PARAMS(Integer)) {
if (config.query != NullNamedQuery) config.query(property, info);
else if(config.getter != NullNamedGetter) info.GetReturnValue().Set(v8::PropertyAttribute::None);
},
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(Integer)) {
if (config.query != NullIndexedQuery) config.query(index, info);
else if(config.getter != NullIndexedGetter) info.GetReturnValue().Set(v8::PropertyAttribute::None);
}
);
if (*exception) {
return JSValueMakeBoolean(ctx, false);
}
if (ret == NULL) {
assert(argumentCount>1);
return exec(ctx, "return _1.hasOwnProperty(_2)", 2, arguments, exception);
}
return JSValueMakeBoolean(ctx, !JSValueIsUndefined(ctx, ret));
}
static bool legacy_proxy_has(JSContextRef ctx, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef propertyName)
{
if (JSStringGetLength(propertyName) == 0 || !inGlobalPrototypeChain(ctx, object)) return NULL;
JSValueRef args[] = {
object, JSValueMakeString(ctx, propertyName)
};
JSValueRef exception = 0;
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<Integer,InterceptorOther>
(ctx, object, object, 2, args, &exception,
[](NAMED_PARAMS(Integer)) {
if (config.query != NullNamedQuery) config.query(property, info);
else if(config.getter != NullNamedGetter) config.getter(property, reinterpret_cast<PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>&>(info));
},
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(Integer)) {
if (config.query != NullIndexedQuery) config.query(index, info);
else if(config.getter != NullIndexedGetter) config.getter(index, reinterpret_cast<PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Value>&>(info));
}
);
if (exception || ret == NULL) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
static JSValueRef proxy_deleteProperty(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Boolean,InterceptorOther>
(PASS, [](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Boolean)) { config.deleter(property, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Boolean)) { config.deleter(index, info); });
if (!*exception && ret == NULL) {
assert(argumentCount>1);
return exec(ctx, "return Reflect.deleteProperty(_1,_2)", 2, arguments, exception);
}
return ret;
}
static bool legacy_proxy_deleteProperty(JSContextRef ctx, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef propertyName,
JSValueRef* exception)
{
if (JSStringGetLength(propertyName) == 0 || !inGlobalPrototypeChain(ctx, object)) return NULL;
JSValueRef args[] = {
object, JSValueMakeString(ctx, propertyName)
};
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Boolean,InterceptorOther>
(ctx, object, object, 2, args, exception,
[](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Boolean)) { config.deleter(property, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Boolean)) { config.deleter(index, info); });
if (ret==NULL || *exception) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
static JSValueRef proxy_ownKeys(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Array,InterceptorOther>
(PASS, [](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Array)) { config.enumerator(info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Array)) { config.enumerator(info); });
if (!*exception && ret == NULL) {
IsolateImpl *iso = IsolateFromCtx(ctx);
assert(argumentCount>0);
JSValueRef args[] = {
arguments[0],
iso->m_private_symbol
};
return exec(ctx,
"return Array.from(new Set("
" Object.getOwnPropertyNames(_1)"
" .concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(_1))"
")).filter(p => p!==_2)",
2, args, exception);
}
return ret;
}
static void legacy_proxy_ownKeys(JSContextRef ctx, JSObjectRef object,
JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef acc)
{
if (!inGlobalPrototypeChain(ctx, object)) return;
JSValueRef exception = 0;
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Array,InterceptorOther>
(ctx, object, object, 1, &object, &exception,
[](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Array)) { config.enumerator(info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Array)) { config.enumerator(info); });
if (!exception && ret) {
int length = static_cast<int>(JSValueToNumber(ctx, exec(ctx, "_1.length", 1, &ret), 0));
for (int i=0; !exception && i<length; i++) {
JSValueRef name = JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(ctx, (JSObjectRef)ret, i, &exception);
JSStringRef s = JSValueToStringCopy(ctx, name, 0);
if (JSStringGetLength(s)) {
JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(acc, s);
}
}
}
}
static JSValueRef proxy_defineProperty(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
assert(argumentCount>2);
JSValueRef ret = PropertyHandler<v8::Value,InterceptorOther>
(PASS, [](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.definer(property, value, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.definer(index, value, info); });
if (!*exception && ret == NULL) {
return exec(ctx, "return Object.defineProperty(_1, _2, _3)", 3, arguments, exception);
}
return ret;
}
static JSValueRef proxy_getPrototypeOf(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
assert(argumentCount>0);
auto wrap = V82JSC::TrackedObject::getPrivateInstance(ctx, (JSObjectRef)arguments[0]);
Isolate *isolate = ToIsolate(IsolateFromCtx(ctx));
HandleScope scope(isolate);
Local<v8::Context> context = LocalContext::New(isolate, ctx);
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate>(wrap->m_object_template.Get(isolate));
if (templ->m_access_check)
{
return JSValueMakeNull(ctx);
}
Local<v8::Value> proto = V82JSC::Value::New(ToContextImpl(context),
arguments[0]).As<Object>()->GetPrototype();
return ToJSValueRef(proto, context);
}
static JSValueRef proxy_setPrototypeOf(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
assert(argumentCount>1);
auto wrap = V82JSC::TrackedObject::getPrivateInstance(ctx, (JSObjectRef)arguments[0]);
Isolate *isolate = ToIsolate(IsolateFromCtx(ctx));
HandleScope scope(isolate);
Local<v8::Context> context = LocalContext::New(isolate, ctx);
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate>(wrap->m_object_template.Get(isolate));
if (templ->m_access_check && !templ->m_access_check(context,
V82JSC::Value::New(ToContextImpl(context), arguments[0]).As<Object>(),
V82JSC::Value::New(ToContextImpl(context), templ->m_access_check_data)))
{
isolate->ThrowException(Exception::TypeError(v8::String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, "access denied",
NewStringType::kNormal).ToLocalChecked()));
}
Maybe<bool> r = V82JSC::Value::New(ToContextImpl(context),arguments[0])
.As<Object>()->SetPrototype(context, V82JSC::Value::New(ToContextImpl(context), arguments[1]));
return JSValueMakeBoolean(ctx, r.FromJust());
}
static JSValueRef proxy_getOwnPropertyDescriptor(CALLBACK_PARAMS)
{
assert(argumentCount>1);
// First, try a descriptor interceptor
JSValueRef descriptor = PropertyHandler<v8::Value,InterceptorOther>
(PASS, [](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.descriptor(property, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.descriptor(index, info); });
if (descriptor) return descriptor;
if (exception && *exception) return NULL;
// Second, see if we have a real property descriptor
descriptor = exec(ctx, "return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(_1, _2)", 2, arguments, exception);
if (descriptor && !JSValueIsStrictEqual(ctx, descriptor, JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx))) return descriptor;
if (exception && *exception) return NULL;
// Third, try calling the querier to see if the property exists
JSValueRef attributes = PropertyHandler<Integer,InterceptorOther>
(PASS,
[](NAMED_PARAMS(Integer)) {
if (config.query != NullNamedQuery) config.query(property, info);
else if(config.getter != NullNamedGetter) info.GetReturnValue().Set(-1);
},
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(Integer)) {
if (config.query != NullIndexedQuery) config.query(index, info);
else if(config.getter != NullIndexedGetter) info.GetReturnValue().Set(-1);
}
);
if (exception && *exception) return NULL;
// attributes can be NULL (has querier, property does not exist), -1 (no querier, defer to value), PropertyAttribute (has property)
if (attributes == NULL) {
return JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx);
}
int pattr = static_cast<int>(JSValueToNumber(ctx, attributes, 0));
// Finally, check the getter to see if we should claim a value
JSValueRef value = PropertyHandler<v8::Value,InterceptorOther>
(
PASS, [](NAMED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.getter(property, info); },
[](INDEXED_PARAMS(v8::Value)) { config.getter(index, info); }
);
if (exception && *exception) return NULL;
if (pattr != -1 || value != NULL) {
v8::PropertyAttribute attr = PropertyAttribute::None;
if (pattr != -1) {
attr = static_cast<v8::PropertyAttribute>(pattr);
}
JSValueRef args[] = {
JSValueMakeBoolean(ctx, !(attr & v8::PropertyAttribute::ReadOnly)),
JSValueMakeBoolean(ctx, !(attr & PropertyAttribute::DontEnum)),
value
};
if (value != NULL) {
return exec(ctx, "return { writable: _1, enumerable: _2, configurable: true, value: _3 }", 3, args);
} else {
return exec(ctx, "return { writable: _1, enumerable: _2, configurable: true }", 2, args);
}
}
// No property
return JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx);
}
v8::MaybeLocal<v8::Object> V82JSC::ObjectTemplate::NewInstance(v8::Local<v8::Context> context,
JSObjectRef root, bool isHiddenPrototype,
JSClassDefinition* definition,
void *data)
{
auto ctx = ToContextImpl(context);
IsolateImpl* iso = ToIsolateImpl(ctx);
Isolate* isolate = ToIsolate(iso);
EscapableHandleScope scope(isolate);
LocalException exception(iso);
Local<v8::ObjectTemplate> thiz = CreateLocal<v8::ObjectTemplate>(isolate, this);
TrackedObject *wrap;
if (definition) {
if (m_need_proxy) {
definition->getProperty = legacy_proxy_get;
definition->setProperty = legacy_proxy_set;
definition->hasProperty = legacy_proxy_has;
definition->deleteProperty = legacy_proxy_deleteProperty;
definition->getPropertyNames = legacy_proxy_ownKeys;
}
JSClassRef klass = JSClassCreate(definition);
root = JSObjectMake(ctx->m_ctxRef, klass, data);
JSClassRelease(klass);
}
assert(root);
wrap = V82JSC::TrackedObject::makePrivateInstance(iso, ctx->m_ctxRef, root);
// Structure:
//
// proxy -----> root . [[PrivateSymbol]] --> lifecycle_object(wrap) --> TrackedObjectImpl*
// Create lifecycle object
wrap->m_object_template.Reset(isolate, thiz);
wrap->m_num_internal_fields = m_internal_fields;
JSValueRef initarray[m_internal_fields];
for (int i=0; i<m_internal_fields; i++) {
initarray[i] = JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx->m_ctxRef);
}
wrap->m_internal_fields_array = JSObjectMakeArray(ctx->m_ctxRef, m_internal_fields, initarray, 0);
JSValueProtect(ctx->m_ctxRef, wrap->m_internal_fields_array);
wrap->m_isHiddenPrototype = isHiddenPrototype;
// Create proxy
JSObjectRef handler = 0;
if (m_need_proxy && !wrap->m_isGlobalObject) {
handler = JSObjectMake(ctx->m_ctxRef, nullptr, nullptr);
auto handler_func = [ctx, handler](const char *name, JSObjectCallAsFunctionCallback callback) -> void {
JSValueRef excp = 0;
JSStringRef sname = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString(name);
JSObjectRef f = JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(ctx->m_ctxRef, sname, callback);
JSObjectSetProperty(ctx->m_ctxRef, handler, sname, f, 0, &excp);
JSStringRelease(sname);
assert(excp==0);
};
handler_func("get", proxy_get);
handler_func("set", proxy_set);
handler_func("has", proxy_has);
handler_func("deleteProperty", proxy_deleteProperty);
handler_func("ownKeys", proxy_ownKeys);
handler_func("defineProperty", proxy_defineProperty);
handler_func("getPrototypeOf", proxy_getPrototypeOf);
handler_func("setPrototypeOf", proxy_setPrototypeOf);
handler_func("getOwnPropertyDescriptor", proxy_getOwnPropertyDescriptor);
}
MaybeLocal<Object> instance;
if (!m_constructor_template.IsEmpty()) {
instance = reinterpret_cast<Template*>(this)->
InitInstance(context, root, exception, m_constructor_template.Get(isolate));
} else {
instance = reinterpret_cast<Template*>(this)->InitInstance(context, root, exception);
}
if (instance.IsEmpty()) {
return instance;
}
if (m_need_proxy) {
JSValueRef args[] = {root, handler};
JSValueRef proxy_object = exec(ctx->m_ctxRef, "return new Proxy(_1, _2)", 2, args);
// Important! Set the security proxy before calling ValueImpl::New(). We don't want the proxy object
// to have its own wrap
wrap->m_proxy_security = proxy_object;
Local<Object> proxy = V82JSC::Value::New(ctx, proxy_object).As<Object>();
instance = proxy;
}
if (isHiddenPrototype) {
const char* proxy_code =
"const handler = {"
" set(target,prop,val,receiver) {"
" var d = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, prop);"
" var exists = d !== undefined;"
" var r = (target[prop] = val);"
" if (!exists) {"
" _2(target, prop, receiver);"
" }"
" return r;"
" },"
" deleteProperty(target,prop) {"
" var d = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, prop);"
" var exists = d !== undefined;"
" var r = delete target[prop];"
" if (exists && r) {"
" _3(target, prop);"
" }"
" return r;"
" },"
" defineProperty(target,prop,desc) {"
" var d = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, prop);"
" var exists = d !== undefined;"
" try {"
" Object.defineProperty(target, prop, desc);"
" } catch (e) {"
" return false;"
" }"
" if (!exists) {"
" _2(target, prop);"
" }"
" return true;"
" }"
"};"
"return new Proxy(_1, handler);";
JSStringRef sname = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("propagate_set");
JSObjectRef propagate_set = JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(ctx->m_ctxRef, sname, [](CALLBACK_PARAMS) -> JSValueRef {
auto wrap = V82JSC::TrackedObject::getPrivateInstance(ctx, (JSObjectRef)arguments[0]);
assert(wrap && wrap->m_hidden_proxy_security);
Isolate *isolate = ToIsolate(IsolateFromCtx(ctx));
HandleScope scope(isolate);
Local<v8::Context> context = LocalContext::New(isolate, ctx);
Local<Name> property = V82JSC::Value::New(ToContextImpl(context), arguments[1]).As<Name>();
if (JSValueIsStrictEqual(ctx, arguments[2], JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx)) ||
JSValueIsStrictEqual(ctx, arguments[2], wrap->m_hidden_proxy_security)) {
ToImpl<V82JSC::HiddenObject>(V82JSC::Value::New(ToContextImpl(context), arguments[0]))
->PropagateOwnPropertyToChildren(context, property);
}
return JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx);
});
JSStringRelease(sname);
sname = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("propagate_delete");
JSObjectRef propagate_delete = JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(ctx->m_ctxRef, sname, [](CALLBACK_PARAMS) -> JSValueRef {
assert(0); // FIXME! We need to propagate deletes
return NULL;
});
JSStringRelease(sname);
JSValueRef args[] = {
ToJSValueRef(instance.ToLocalChecked(), context),
propagate_set,
propagate_delete
};
JSValueRef hidden_proxy_object = exec(ctx->m_ctxRef, proxy_code, 3, args);
// Same here. Set the hidden proxy reference before calling ValueImpl::New()
wrap->m_hidden_proxy_security = hidden_proxy_object;
Local<Object> hidden_proxy = V82JSC::Value::New(ctx, hidden_proxy_object).As<Object>();
instance = hidden_proxy;
}
return scope.Escape(V82JSC::TrackedObject::SecureValue(instance.ToLocalChecked()).As<Object>());
}
/**
* Sets an accessor on the object template.
*
* Whenever the property with the given name is accessed on objects
* created from this ObjectTemplate the getter and setter callbacks
* are called instead of getting and setting the property directly
* on the JavaScript object.
*
* \param name The name of the property for which an accessor is added.
* \param getter The callback to invoke when getting the property.
* \param setter The callback to invoke when setting the property.
* \param data A piece of data that will be passed to the getter and setter
* callbacks whenever they are invoked.
* \param settings Access control settings for the accessor. This is a bit
* field consisting of one of more of
* DEFAULT = 0, ALL_CAN_READ = 1, or ALL_CAN_WRITE = 2.
* The default is to not allow cross-context access.
* ALL_CAN_READ means that all cross-context reads are allowed.
* ALL_CAN_WRITE means that all cross-context writes are allowed.
* The combination ALL_CAN_READ | ALL_CAN_WRITE can be used to allow all
* cross-context access.
* \param attribute The attributes of the property for which an accessor
* is added.
* \param signature The signature describes valid receivers for the accessor
* and is used to perform implicit instance checks against them. If the
* receiver is incompatible (i.e. is not an instance of the constructor as
* defined by FunctionTemplate::HasInstance()), an implicit TypeError is
* thrown and no callback is invoked.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetAccessor(
Local<v8::String> name, AccessorGetterCallback getter,
AccessorSetterCallback setter, Local<v8::Value> data,
AccessControl settings, PropertyAttribute attribute,
Local<AccessorSignature> signature)
{
SetAccessor(name.As<Name>(),
reinterpret_cast<AccessorNameGetterCallback>(getter),
reinterpret_cast<AccessorNameSetterCallback>(setter),
data, settings, attribute, signature);
}
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetAccessor(
Local<Name> name, AccessorNameGetterCallback getter,
AccessorNameSetterCallback setter, Local<Value> data,
AccessControl settings, PropertyAttribute attribute,
Local<AccessorSignature> signature)
{
auto this_ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,v8::ObjectTemplate>(this);
Isolate* isolate = ToIsolate(ToIsolateImpl(this_));
HandleScope scope(isolate);
auto accessor = static_cast<V82JSC::ObjAccessor *>
(HeapAllocator::Alloc(ToIsolateImpl(this_), ToIsolateImpl(this_)->m_object_accessor_map));
accessor->name.Reset(isolate, name);
accessor->getter = getter;
accessor->setter = setter ? setter :
[](Local<Name> property, Local<Value> value, const PropertyCallbackInfo<void>& info) {
info.GetReturnValue().Set(Undefined(info.GetIsolate()));
};
accessor->data.Reset(isolate, data);
accessor->settings = settings;
accessor->attribute = attribute;
// For now, Signature and AccessorSignature are the same
Local<Signature> sig = * reinterpret_cast<Local<Signature>*>(&signature);
accessor->signature.Reset(isolate, sig);
Local<v8::ObjAccessor> local = CreateLocal<v8::ObjAccessor>(isolate, accessor);
accessor->next_.Reset(isolate, this_->m_accessors.Get(isolate));
this_->m_accessors.Reset(isolate, local);
}
/**
* Sets a named property handler on the object template.
*
* Whenever a property whose name is a string is accessed on objects created
* from this object template, the provided callback is invoked instead of
* accessing the property directly on the JavaScript object.
*
* SetNamedPropertyHandler() is different from SetHandler(), in
* that the latter can intercept symbol-named properties as well as
* string-named properties when called with a
* NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration. New code should use SetHandler().
*
* \param getter The callback to invoke when getting a property.
* \param setter The callback to invoke when setting a property.
* \param query The callback to invoke to check if a property is present,
* and if present, get its attributes.
* \param deleter The callback to invoke when deleting a property.
* \param enumerator The callback to invoke to enumerate all the named
* properties of an object.
* \param data A piece of data that will be passed to the callbacks
* whenever they are invoked.
*/
// TODO(dcarney): deprecate
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetNamedPropertyHandler(NamedPropertyGetterCallback getter,
NamedPropertySetterCallback setter,
NamedPropertyQueryCallback query,
NamedPropertyDeleterCallback deleter,
NamedPropertyEnumeratorCallback enumerator,
Local<Value> data)
{
// FIXME: This is a nasty hack.
NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration config;
config.getter = reinterpret_cast<GenericNamedPropertyGetterCallback>(getter);
config.setter = reinterpret_cast<GenericNamedPropertySetterCallback>(setter);
config.query = reinterpret_cast<GenericNamedPropertyQueryCallback>(query);
config.deleter = reinterpret_cast<GenericNamedPropertyDeleterCallback>(deleter);
config.enumerator = reinterpret_cast<GenericNamedPropertyEnumeratorCallback>(enumerator);
config.data = data;
SetHandler(config);
}
/**
* Sets a named property handler on the object template.
*
* Whenever a property whose name is a string or a symbol is accessed on
* objects created from this object template, the provided callback is
* invoked instead of accessing the property directly on the JavaScript
* object.
*
* @param configuration The NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration that defines the
* callbacks to invoke when accessing a property.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetHandler(const NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration& configuration)
{
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
HandleScope scope(ToIsolate(templ->GetIsolate()));
Local<Value> data = configuration.data;
if (configuration.getter) templ->m_named_handler.getter = configuration.getter;
if (configuration.setter) templ->m_named_handler.setter = configuration.setter;
if (configuration.descriptor) templ->m_named_handler.descriptor = configuration.descriptor;
if (configuration.deleter) templ->m_named_handler.deleter = configuration.deleter;
if (configuration.enumerator) templ->m_named_handler.enumerator = configuration.enumerator;
if (configuration.definer) templ->m_named_handler.definer = configuration.definer;
if (configuration.query) templ->m_named_handler.query = configuration.query;
templ->m_named_handler.data.Clear();
if (data.IsEmpty()) {
data = Undefined(Isolate::GetCurrent());
}
templ->m_named_data = ToJSValueRef(configuration.data, Isolate::GetCurrent());
JSValueProtect(ToContextRef(Isolate::GetCurrent()), templ->m_named_data);
templ->m_need_proxy = true;
}
/**
* Sets an indexed property handler on the object template.
*
* Whenever an indexed property is accessed on objects created from
* this object template, the provided callback is invoked instead of
* accessing the property directly on the JavaScript object.
*
* @param configuration The IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration that defines
* the callbacks to invoke when accessing a property.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetHandler(const IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration& configuration)
{
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
HandleScope scope(ToIsolate(templ->GetIsolate()));
Local<Value> data = configuration.data;
if (configuration.getter) templ->m_indexed_handler.getter = configuration.getter;
if (configuration.setter) templ->m_indexed_handler.setter = configuration.setter;
if (configuration.descriptor) templ->m_indexed_handler.descriptor = configuration.descriptor;
if (configuration.deleter) templ->m_indexed_handler.deleter = configuration.deleter;
if (configuration.enumerator) templ->m_indexed_handler.enumerator = configuration.enumerator;
if (configuration.definer) templ->m_indexed_handler.definer = configuration.definer;
if (configuration.query) templ->m_indexed_handler.query = configuration.query;
templ->m_indexed_handler.data.Clear();
if (data.IsEmpty()) {
data = Undefined(Isolate::GetCurrent());
}
templ->m_indexed_data = ToJSValueRef(configuration.data, Isolate::GetCurrent());
JSValueProtect(ToContextRef(Isolate::GetCurrent()), templ->m_indexed_data);
templ->m_need_proxy = true;
}
/**
* Sets the callback to be used when calling instances created from
* this template as a function. If no callback is set, instances
* behave like normal JavaScript objects that cannot be called as a
* function.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetCallAsFunctionHandler(FunctionCallback callback,
Local<Value> data)
{
Isolate* isolate = ToIsolate(this);
HandleScope scope(isolate);
Local<Context> context = ToCurrentContext(this);
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
templ->m_callback = callback;
if (data.IsEmpty()) {
data = Undefined(isolate);
}
templ->m_data = ToJSValueRef<Value>(data, isolate);
JSValueProtect(ToContextRef(context), templ->m_data);
}
/**
* Mark object instances of the template as undetectable.
*
* In many ways, undetectable objects behave as though they are not
* there. They behave like 'undefined' in conditionals and when
* printed. However, properties can be accessed and called as on
* normal objects.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::MarkAsUndetectable()
{
printf("V82JSC: Undetectable objects not supported in JSC\n");
}
/**
* Sets access check callback on the object template and enables access
* checks.
*
* When accessing properties on instances of this object template,
* the access check callback will be called to determine whether or
* not to allow cross-context access to the properties.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetAccessCheckCallback(AccessCheckCallback callback,
Local<Value> data)
{
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
Isolate *isolate = ToIsolate(ToIsolateImpl(templ));
HandleScope scope(isolate);
Local<Context> context = OperatingContext(isolate);
JSContextRef ctx = ToContextRef(context);
templ->m_access_check = callback;
if (data.IsEmpty()) {
data = Undefined(isolate);
}
templ->m_access_check_data = ToJSValueRef(data, context);
JSValueProtect(ctx, templ->m_access_check_data);
}
/**
* Like SetAccessCheckCallback but invokes an interceptor on failed access
* checks instead of looking up all-can-read properties. You can only use
* either this method or SetAccessCheckCallback, but not both at the same
* time.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetAccessCheckCallbackAndHandler(
AccessCheckCallback callback,
const NamedPropertyHandlerConfiguration& named_handler,
const IndexedPropertyHandlerConfiguration& indexed_handler,
Local<Value> data)
{
SetAccessCheckCallback(callback, data);
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
HandleScope scope(ToIsolate(templ->GetIsolate()));
Local<Value> named_data = named_handler.data;
if (named_handler.getter) templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.getter = named_handler.getter;
if (named_handler.setter) templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.setter = named_handler.setter;
if (named_handler.descriptor) templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.descriptor = named_handler.descriptor;
if (named_handler.deleter) templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.deleter = named_handler.deleter;
if (named_handler.enumerator) templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.enumerator = named_handler.enumerator;
if (named_handler.definer) templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.definer = named_handler.definer;
if (named_handler.query) templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.query = named_handler.query;
templ->m_named_failed_access_handler.data.Clear();
if (named_data.IsEmpty()) {
named_data = Undefined(Isolate::GetCurrent());
}
templ->m_failed_named_data = ToJSValueRef(named_data, Isolate::GetCurrent());
JSValueProtect(ToContextRef(Isolate::GetCurrent()), templ->m_failed_named_data);
Local<Value> indexed_data = indexed_handler.data;
if (indexed_handler.getter) templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.getter = indexed_handler.getter;
if (indexed_handler.setter) templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.setter = indexed_handler.setter;
if (indexed_handler.descriptor) templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.descriptor = indexed_handler.descriptor;
if (indexed_handler.deleter) templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.deleter = indexed_handler.deleter;
if (indexed_handler.enumerator) templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.enumerator = indexed_handler.enumerator;
if (indexed_handler.definer) templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.definer = indexed_handler.definer;
if (indexed_handler.query) templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.query = indexed_handler.query;
templ->m_indexed_failed_access_handler.data.Clear();
if (indexed_data.IsEmpty()) {
indexed_data = Undefined(Isolate::GetCurrent());
}
templ->m_failed_indexed_data = ToJSValueRef(named_data, Isolate::GetCurrent());
JSValueProtect(ToContextRef(Isolate::GetCurrent()), templ->m_failed_indexed_data);
}
/**
* Gets the number of internal fields for objects generated from
* this template.
*/
int v8::ObjectTemplate::InternalFieldCount()
{
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
return templ->m_internal_fields;
}
/**
* Sets the number of internal fields for objects generated from
* this template.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetInternalFieldCount(int value)
{
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
templ->m_internal_fields = value > 0 ? value : 0;
}
/**
* Returns true if the object will be an immutable prototype exotic object.
*/
bool v8::ObjectTemplate::IsImmutableProto()
{
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
return templ->m_is_immutable_proto;
}
/**
* Makes the ObjectTempate for an immutable prototype exotic object, with an
* immutable __proto__.
*/
void v8::ObjectTemplate::SetImmutableProto()
{
auto templ = ToImpl<V82JSC::ObjectTemplate,ObjectTemplate>(this);
templ->m_is_immutable_proto = true;
}
``` |
In mathematics, Hilbert's fourteenth problem, that is, number 14 of Hilbert's problems proposed in 1900, asks whether certain algebras are finitely generated.
The setting is as follows: Assume that k is a field and let K be a subfield of the field of rational functions in n variables,
k(x1, ..., xn ) over k.
Consider now the k-algebra R defined as the intersection
Hilbert conjectured that all such algebras are finitely generated over k.
Some results were obtained confirming Hilbert's conjecture in special cases and for certain classes of rings (in particular the conjecture was proved unconditionally for n = 1 and n = 2 by Zariski in 1954). Then in 1959 Masayoshi Nagata found a counterexample to Hilbert's conjecture. The counterexample of Nagata is a suitably constructed ring of invariants for the action of a linear algebraic group.
History
The problem originally arose in algebraic invariant theory. Here the ring R is given as a (suitably defined) ring of polynomial invariants of a linear algebraic group over a field k acting algebraically on a polynomial ring k[x1, ..., xn] (or more generally, on a finitely generated algebra defined over a field). In this situation the field K is the field of rational functions (quotients of polynomials) in the variables xi which are invariant under the given action of the algebraic group, the ring R is the ring of polynomials which are invariant under the action. A classical example in nineteenth century was the extensive study (in particular by Cayley, Sylvester, Clebsch, Paul Gordan and also Hilbert) of invariants of binary forms in two variables with the natural action of the special linear group SL2(k) on it. Hilbert himself proved the finite generation of invariant rings in the case of the field of complex numbers for some classical semi-simple Lie groups (in particular the general linear group over the complex numbers) and specific linear actions on polynomial rings, i.e. actions coming from finite-dimensional representations of the Lie-group. This finiteness result was later extended by Hermann Weyl to the class of all semi-simple Lie-groups. A major ingredient in Hilbert's proof is the Hilbert basis theorem applied to the ideal inside the polynomial ring generated by the invariants.
Zariski's formulation
Zariski's formulation of Hilbert's fourteenth problem asks whether, for a quasi-affine algebraic variety X over a field k, possibly assuming X normal or smooth, the ring of regular functions on X is finitely generated over k.
Zariski's formulation was shown to be equivalent to the original problem, for X normal. (See also: Zariski's finiteness theorem.)
Éfendiev F.F. (Fuad Efendi) provided symmetric algorithm generating basis of invariants of n-ary forms of degree r.
Nagata's counterexample
gave the following counterexample to Hilbert's problem. The field k is a field containing 48 elements a1i, ...,a16i, for i=1, 2, 3 that are algebraically independent over the prime field. The ring R is the polynomial ring k[x1,...,x16, t1,...,t16] in 32 variables. The vector space V is a 13-dimensional vector space over k consisting of all vectors (b1,...,b16) in k16 orthogonal to each of the three vectors (a1i, ...,a16i) for i=1, 2, 3. The vector space V is a 13-dimensional commutative unipotent algebraic group under addition, and its elements act on R by fixing all elements tj and taking xj to xj + bjtj. Then the ring of elements of R invariant under the action of the group V is not a finitely generated k-algebra.
Several authors have reduced the sizes of the group and the vector space in Nagata's example. For example, showed that over any field there is an action of the sum G of three copies of the additive group on k18 whose ring of invariants is not finitely generated.
See also
Locally nilpotent derivation
References
Bibliography
O. Zariski, Interpretations algebrico-geometriques du quatorzieme probleme de Hilbert, Bulletin des Sciences Mathematiques 78 (1954), pp. 155–168.
Footnotes
14
Invariant theory |
Business System 12, or simply BS12, was one of the first fully relational database management systems, designed and implemented by IBM's Bureau Service subsidiary at the company's international development centre in Uithoorn, Netherlands. Programming started in 1978 and the first version was delivered in 1982. It was never widely used and essentially disappeared soon after the division was shut down in 1985, possibly because IBM and other companies settled on SQL as the standard.
BS12's lasting contribution to history was the use of a new query language based on ISBL, created at IBM's UK Scientific Centre. Developers of the famous System R underway in the US at the same time were also consulted on certain matters concerning the engine, but the BS12 team rejected SQL unequivocally, being convinced that this apparently unsound and difficult-to-use language (which at that time was also relationally incomplete) would never catch on.
BS12 included a number of interesting features that have yet to appear on most SQL-based systems, some a consequence of following the ISBL precedent, others due to deliberate design. For instance, a view could be parameterised and parameters could be of type TABLE. Thus, a view could in effect be a new relational operator defined in terms of the existing operators. Codd's DIVIDE operator was in fact implemented that way.
Another feature that could have easily been included in SQL systems was the support for update operations on the catalog tables (system tables describing the structure of the database, as in SQL). A new table could be created by inserting a row into the TABLES catalog, and then columns added to it by inserting into COLUMNS.
In addition, BS12 was ahead of SQL in supporting user-defined functions and procedures, using a Turing complete sublanguage, triggers, and a simple "call" interface for use by application programs, all in its very first release in 1982.
Example
Sample query for determining which departments are over their salary budgets:
T1 = SUMMARY(EMP, GROUP(DEPTNUM), EMPS=COUNT, SALSUM=SUM(SALARY))
T2 = JOIN(T1, DEPT)
T3 = SELECT(T2, SALSUM > BUDGET)
Note the "natural join" on the common column, DEPTNUM. Although some SQL dialects support natural joins, for familiarity, the example will show only a "traditional" join. Here is the equivalent SQL for comparison:
-- (SQL version)
SELECT d.Deptnum, Count(*) as Emps,
Sum(e.Salary) as Salsum, Budget
FROM Emp as e
JOIN Dept as d ON e.Deptnum = d.Deptnum
GROUP BY d.Deptnum, Budget
HAVING Sum(e.Salary) > Budget
References
External links
Business System 12 (BS12)
TQL/SMEQL - A draft query language influenced by BS12
Business System 12
Proprietary database management systems
1982 software
Query languages |
Vazhenkada Kunchu Nair, also spelt Kunju Nair, (1909-1981) was an Indian Kathakali dancer.
Life
He mainly served in PSV Natya Sangham, Kottakkal, since 1946, and from 1960 to 1972 at Kerala Kalamandalam. He was the first principal of Kerala Kalamandalam, the premier performing arts institute of Kerala in south India. A Padma Shri and Sangeet Natak Akademi Awardee , Kunchu Nair was a student of Pattikkamthodi Ramunni Menon, and was noted for his subdued portrayal of lead Kathakali roles like Nalan, Rukmangadan, Dharmaputrar, Bhiman, Arjunan, Brahmanan (in the storyplay Santanagopalam) and Parasuraman (Sitaswayamvaram) besides in anti-hero slots like Ravanan and Duryodhanan.
Nair died on 19 February 1981 after prolonged illness.
References
Dancers from Kerala
1909 births
1981 deaths
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Kathakali exponents
Malayali people
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
People from Malappuram district
20th-century Indian dancers
Indian male dancers
Teachers of Indian classical dance
Indian dance teachers
20th-century Indian educators
Educators from Kerala |
Edouard Machery is a French-American philosopher and distinguished professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh.
Early life and education
Edouard Machery received a Ph.D. in philosophy at the Université de Paris-Sorbonne in 2004.
Career and works
The research works of Edouard Machery are in philosophy, experimental philosophy, and cognitive science especially about concepts. According to his theory, the notion of concept is ill-suited for a scientific psychology. Therefore, he criticizes the neo-empiricist accounts of concepts. He has also worked on the experimental psychology, with a special focus on external validity and statistics. He has also worked on the theories of human cognition.
His works are on various topics, including the processes as categorization and concept learning. The experimental philosophy is another topic on which he has worked. He has used experimental and quasi-experimental methods in order to determine the characteristics of intuition and folk judgments about intentional action.
Books
Doing without concepts
Philosophy within its proper bounds
Reviews of works
The works of Edouard Machery have been reviewed by other cognitive scientists.
Awards
Edouard Machery was awarded the Chancellor's Distinguished Research Award by the Pittsburgh University in 2011. He was also awarded the Stanton Prize by the Society for Philosophy and Psychology in 2013. In 2022, he was elected President of the Society for Philosophy and Psychology for 2023-2024.
References
External links
Website of the University of Pittsburgh, visited in 2017.
Website of the Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, visited in 2017
Website of Edouard Machery
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American philosophers
French cognitive scientists
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty |
Oymaağaç is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Vezirköprü, Samsun Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,649 (2022). The Bronze Age Hittite settlement Nerik is situated near Oymaağaç.
References
Neighbourhoods in Vezirköprü District |
North Tabiteuea is a local council in Tabiteuea, Kiribati.
North Tabiteuea (in Gilbertese, Tabiteuea Meang) has a land area of and a population of 4,120 , distributed among twelve villages (capital Utiroa).
On 1 July 1799, Charles Bishop and George Bass entered the Tabiteuea lagoon, while many pirogues approached the brig Nautilus. Bishop named it Bishop's Island, and named , Drummond's Island.[1]
During the United States Exploring Expedition, April 1841, the American captain William L. Hudson arrived at Tabiteuea, then known as Drummond's Island. Because a crew member who went ashore was missing for no reason, reprisals were decided: at least twenty of the inhabitants were killed by the Americans. Utiroa was set on fire and the maneaba destroyed, during the Battle of Drummond's Island.
The Catholic bishop Octave Terrienne moved the seat of the apostolic vicariate of the Gilbert and Ellice islands to Tanaeang in today's North Tabiteuea, instead of Ocean Island, then the capital of the colony.
References
Gilbert Islands |
Sukladhwaja (also Chilarai) (1510-1577AD), was the 3rd son of Biswa Singha, founder of the Koch Dynasty in the Kamata Kingdom and younger brother of Nara Narayan, the 2nd king of the Koch dynasty of the Kamata kingdom in the 16th century. He was Nara Narayan's commander-in-chief and chief Minister (Dewan) of the kingdom. He got his name Chilarai because, as a general, he executed troop movements that were as fast as a chila (kite/Eagle).
Biography
Chilaray was the third son of Biswa Singha (1515–1540).
It was only due to his royal patronage that Sankardeva was able to establish the ekasarana-namadharma in Assam and bring about his cultural renaissance. Several rulers, namely the then king of Manipur and the Khasi tribal chief (Viryyavanta), submitted to Chilaray. Chilaray and his army also vanquished and killed the Jaintia king, and kings of Tippera (Tripura) and Sylhet. Chilaray is said to have never committed brutalities on unarmed common people, and even those kings who surrendered were treated with respect. He was harsh to kings and soldiers who refused to surrender, but neither him nor his brother ever annexed territories or oppressed the common people. They only collected tributes from the vanquished kings. They even treated enemy prisoners kindly, and gave them land-grants to settle.
The duo (Chilaray and Nara Narayan) turned towards Bengal, but unforeseen circumstances led to Chilaray's capture by the Afghan Sultan Sulaiman Khan Karrani, while Naranarayan retreated to his capital. Much of the Koch kingdom was then captured by the Afghans.
Chilaray died in 1577 of small pox on the bank of Ganges.
Bir Chilaray Divas
The birth anniversary of Mahabir Chilaray is organised by Government of Assam annually from 2005. The Government also declares this day as state holiday. It is celebrated on the Purnima of Phagun Maah of Hindu Calendar.
Bir Chilaray award
The Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam instituted these awards in 2005. Theycomprise a shawl, a citation, and a cash award of Rs. 100,000
Notes
References
16th-century Indian people
People from Assam |
Linga is a very small uninhabited island in the Bluemull Sound, Shetland, Scotland. It is one of many islands in Shetland called Linga. It has an area of 45 ha and is 26m at its highest point.
Geography and geology
Linga is made up of "coarse mica-schist and gneiss".
It is situated off the east coast of Yell, near the village of Gutcher, and has an area of . It is separated from Yell by Linga Sound, and Unst is to the north east. Sound Gruney, Urie Lingey are to the south east, and Hascosay to the south.
There is little freshwater on the island.
History
It is said that Jan Tait of Fetlar once kept a bear on the island, and this is commemorated in the placename - "Bear's Bait". It was said to be from Norway, where he had been taken for trial for murder, but he was pardoned for capturing this particular bear, which had been causing problems over there.
An abandoned chapel is located on the island. An unknown duke once planned to build a large house there after buying land on it. However this was cancelled as doctors and other services refused to provide a service to such a small remote island.
On 19 July 1923, the SS Jane ran aground on the island. The 840-ton ship, carrying herring from Baltasound, Unst to Lerwick, later sank into 20m of water just off the island.
There is also the remains of a sheep fold in the north.
Wildlife
Surprisingly for an island whose name derives from the Norse for "heather isle", very little grows here.
Otters, guillemots and seals breed on the island.
Footnotes
Uninhabited islands of Shetland |
Spodnje Pirniče (; ) is a village on the left bank of the Sava River in the Municipality of Medvode in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Name
Spodnje Pirniče (literally, 'Lower Pirniče') and neighboring Zgornje Pirniče (literally, 'Upper Pirniče') were attested in written sources in 1392 as Pernekk (and as Pernek in 1394 and utrumque Bernh in an 18th-century copy of a document from 1118). The original form of the name may be reconstructed as the plural demonym *Pyrьničane, ultimately derived from the common noun *pyro 'spelt', referring to a local cultivar and meaning 'people living where spelt is grown'. Another possibility is that the name developed from a plural demonym derived from the Old High German name Ber(i)nhard or the Middle High German name Pern(a)hart.
Church
The local church is dedicated to the Feast of the Holy Cross.
Notable residents
Franc Rozman
References
External links
Spodnje Pirniče on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Medvode |
```xml
/*
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
import IS_BROWSER = require( './index' );
// TESTS //
// The variable is a boolean...
{
// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-expressions
IS_BROWSER; // $ExpectType boolean
}
``` |
Kuligowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Babimost, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately south of Babimost and north-east of Zielona Góra.
References
Villages in Zielona Góra County |
Pirkovac is a village in the municipality of Svrljig, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 34 people.
References
Populated places in Nišava District |
Gerrit Haring House is a historic house at 224 Old Tappan Road in Old Tappan, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.
This mid-eighteenth-century house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bergen County, New Jersey
References
External links
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Houses in Bergen County, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Bergen County, New Jersey
Old Tappan, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places |
AltLaw was an American academic project from 2007 to 2010 aimed at making federal appellate and Supreme Court case law publicly available, "to make the common law a bit more common." The project was a collaboration between Columbia Law School's Program on Law and Technology and University of Colorado School of Law's Silicon Flatirons program.
After Google Scholar added legal case documents to its collection in November 2009, the project announced that its mission was achieved, and it shut down permanently on May 3, 2010.
When AltLaw was launched, digital access to US case law was dominated by LexisNexis and Westlaw, charges for access to which can run in the hundreds of dollars per hour.
The data in AltLaw contained roughly 716,000 cases decided between 1950 and 2007, made available on US Circuit Appeals and Supreme courts web sites, all linked to from uscourts.gov, and collected by Prof. Paul K. Ohm at University of Colorado Law School and by Public.Resource.Org.
Notes
References
Markoff, John. "A Quest to Get More Court Rulings Online, and Free", The New York Times, August 14, 2007. Accessed August 23, 2007.
Arewa, Olufunmilayo. Open Access in a Closed Universe: Lexis, Westlaw, Law Schools, and the Legal Information Market, Lewis & Clark Law Review, Vol. 10, p. 797, 2006. Accessed August 23, 2007
Columbia Law School. Press release, August 23, 2007.
Legal research
Online law databases
Open-source intelligence |
Reynolds is a surname in the English language. Among the earliest recorded use of the surname is from the early 14th century.
English Reynolds
Reynolds is a patronymic surname meaning "son of Reynold", where the given name of the father, "Reynold", or "Reginald", was a Germanic name composed of *raginą + *waldą, meaning "Powerful Ruler" The addition of "s" to the father's first name makes Reynolds a simple genitive case patronymic.
Possessors of these names arrived in England with the Norman Conquest of 1066,
and early English chronicles indicate a Norman origin, with the name appearing in England from about 1066. Early records of the name mention Willemus filius Raunaldi who was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086, in which "Rainald-us" is a common Christian name. The alternative Saxon origin is less commonly cited (in this etymology, the name is constructed from the Saxon words Rhein, pure, and hold, love).
The name Reynolds appeared in many references, but spellings included Reynell, Reynalds, Renals, Rennels and many more. Scribes recorded and spelled the name as it sounded. Hence, a person would appear to be born with one spelling, married with another, and buried with still another.
Reynolds emerged as a notable family name in the county of Somerset where Sir Richard Reynell (died before 1213) was seated at Pitney in Somerset and was given custody of the Castles at Exeter and Launceston by King Richard I when he went to the Holy Land in 1191. In 1198 Godfrey, Robert and Torketil Renoldus were registered in Normandy.
Meanwhile, many of the junior branches had joined the Earl of Pembroke's Irish invasion, where they became the Earls of Cavan, of Lisburne, of Mountmorris. In England the main line was forfeited but Sir Richard's son recovered the lands. This distinguished west country family also branched to other locations in England, mostly under the name Reynolds; for example, Walter Reynolds (died 1327) was the son of a Windsor baker, who became the favourite of King Edward II and Archbishop of Canterbury (1313–1327).
During the 12th century many of these Norman families moved north to Scotland in the train of the Earl of Huntingdon, later to become King David of Scotland.
In Ireland, settlers became known as the "Adventurers for land." They "undertook" to keep the Protestant faith, and were granted lands previously held by the Irish. This family migrated to Ireland during two periods, first with the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, and later, in the 17th century giving rise to the Reynells of Reynell castle. In some cases it is difficult to distinguish early migrants from native Irish Reynolds who derive their name from McRannell, formerly spelled "Mac Ragnaill".
Among colonisers of North America bearing the family name Reynolds were Henry, Samuel, Thomas Reynold who joined the colonisation of the Barbados in 1688; Christopher Reynolds settled in Virginia in 1622; Nathaniel Reynold settled in Salem in 1630; Robert Reynolds settled in Salem in 1630 with Mary and his four children; Cornelius, Edward, George, Hannah, James, Mary, Nicholas, Richard Reynolds also settled in Virginia. During the American War of Independence some declared their loyalty to the Crown and moved into Canada as United Empire Loyalists.
More recently, notable bearers of the Reynolds surname include: Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792), painter; John Reynolds (US politician) (1788–1865), American politician, Governor of Illinois; James Clark McReynolds (1862–1946), US Attorney General (1913–14) and Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court (1914–41); Albert Reynolds (1932-2014), Irish politician, Prime Minister of the Republic of Ireland (1992–95); Debbie Reynolds (1932–2016), American actress, dancer and singer; Christopher Reynolds, Australian Archbishop of Adelaide (1873–1893); as well as Burt Reynolds (1936–2018), American actor.
Rebecca Reynolds moved to New York then to Atlanta from Sydney Australia.
The most ancient grant of a coat of arms found was a silver shield with a portcullis and three blue bars; A fox was the canting crest (French: renard = fox).
Mottos
The ancient family Motto for this distinguished name was:
Jus meum tuebor ("I will defend my right")
Or, "Favente Deo ("With God favouring").
Irish Reynolds
In Ireland, the Reynolds surname originates from Muintir Eolais, the primary Conmaicne sept of south County Leitrim.
Throughout Ireland's rich history, the Reynolds family name was a prominent one, and even today County Leitrim is the principal stronghold of the name, nearly half the people in Ireland so called hailing from that area.
In the Irish language, the surname is rendered Mac Raghnaill, and the name is ultimately derived from the Old Norse Rognvald a Latin borrowing of the two words regal and valor. It was also a surname of Irish Huguenots who came to Ireland from France to evade religious persecution in the 1600s; The original French surnames being either Renaud or Renault; Or a combination of both, respectively.
Like many Irish families, the Reynolds began emigrating from Ireland in two fronts: early in America's history, as they settled in the northeast prior to the American Revolution; and later, in the 19th century, during the Great Irish Hunger, when millions of poor Irish came to North America. The first wave of Irish immigrants were mostly Anglo-Irish Protestant converts from the north of Ireland, which differentiates them distinctly from the second wave of refugees from the Great Famine of Ireland, who were largely Roman Catholic and from Mainland Ireland.
There is also a branch of the family which traces its origin to Phillipe D'Reynald, a templar knight who was required to return from the Holy Land and take up the legacy of his deceased brother William. However, this branch is more difficult to locate but is believed to have moved through Normandy and Somerset and on to Ireland.
Some of the better-known Irish Reynolds include:
Alan Reynolds (footballer) (born 1974), retired Irish footballer and assistant with Derry City F.C
Albert Reynolds (1932–2014), eighth Taoiseach of Ireland and fifth leader of Fianna Fáil
Charles Reynolds (cleric), (born 1496/1497), Irish cleric, Archdeacon, Chaplin, and "traitor" who opposed Henry VIII of England.
Gerry Reynolds (Irish politician) (born 1961)
James Henry Reynolds (1844–1932), famous soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross
Mark Reynolds (basketball) (born 1984), Irish basketball player
Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912), Irish physicist and engineer
Patrick Reynolds (Cumann na nGaedhael) (1887–1932), father of Patrick J. Reynolds and an Irish Cumann na nGaedhael politician
Patrick J. Reynolds (politician) (1920–2003), Irish politician who served three terms in Dáil Éireann and five in Seanad Éireann, where he was Cathaoirleach (speaker) for four years.
Welsh Reynolds
Nicola Reynolds (born 1972), Welsh actress
Portuguese Reynolds
Originally from Maidstone, Kent, England, the first Reynolds that related to Portugal, Thomas Johnson William Reynolds, born in 1786, was a naval officer but withdrawn, settled later in Chatham, also in Kent, as an importer of fruit, wine corks and virgin cork from Spain and Portugal, until, because of a liver disease, on the advice of a doctor, that Reynolds began a sea voyage that brought him to Porto, where he saw a good opportunity to expand his business. With him came his sons, Thomas, William and Robert Hunter Reynolds, born respectively in 1811 and 1820. His daughter had already been born in Port Elizabeth in 1828.
Portugal proved to be a wealth of opportunities for these Reynolds. His son Robert, was the person that brought him to the Alentejo region, where he began his purchase of cork bark still on the tree, paying in advance, sometimes several years, with risk but with superb profits. Thus came the Alentejo and setting properties in Estremoz, accompanied by a nephew, son of Thomas, born in 1842, named William Reynolds.
People
People whose family name is or was Reynolds or one of its variants include:
Adam Reynolds (born 1990), Australian rugby league footballer
Alastair Reynolds (born 1966), Welsh science fiction author
Alexander Reynolds (1816–1876), American Army officer & Confederate general
Allie Reynolds (1917–1994), American Major League Baseball pitcher
Alvina Reynolds, Saint Lucian politician
Andrew Reynolds (disambiguation)
Anne Reynolds (d. 1634), English courtier
Barbara Reynolds (1914-2015), English scholar of Italian studies, lexicographer and translator
Bill Rennells (born 1931), British broadcaster and journalist
Bob Reynolds (disambiguation)
Brayley Reynolds (born 1935), Welsh footballer
Brian Reynolds (disambiguation)
Bruce Reynolds (1931-2013), English criminal who masterminded the 1963 Great Train Robbery
Bryan Reynolds (scholar) (born 1965), American performance theorist
Bryan Reynolds (baseball) (born 1995), American professional baseball outfielder
Bryan Reynolds (soccer) (born 2001), American professional soccer player
Burt Reynolds (1936–2018), American actor
Butch Reynolds (born 1964), American track star
Carl Reynolds (1903–1978), American Major League Baseball outfielder
Charles Reynolds (disambiguation)
Christopher Reynolds (disambiguation)
Corey Reynolds (born 1974), American actor
Craig Reynolds (disambiguation)
Dallas Reynolds (born 1984), American football player
Dan Reynolds (born 1987), American musician, frontman of the pop rock band Imagine Dragons
Daphne Reynolds (1918–2002), English painter and printmaker
Darius Reynolds (born 1989), American football player
David Reynolds (disambiguation)
Dean Reynolds (born 1963), English professional snooker player
Debbie Reynolds (1932–2016), American actress
Debby Reynolds (born 1952), former UK Chief Veterinary Officer
Deborah Reynolds (born 1953), U.S. politician
Dick Reynolds, American politician
DJ eL Reynolds (born Lee Martin Reynolds), English DJ/radio personality, also of Filipino descent
Don Reynolds (actor) (1937–2019), American actor
Donn Reynolds (1921–1997), Canadian country singer and world record yodeller
Douglas Reynolds (1882–1916), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
Ed Reynolds (safety) (born 1991), American football player
Ed Reynolds (scholar), professor
Elise Reynolds (born 1969), Dutch cricketer
Frank Reynolds (1923–1983), journalist for the American Broadcasting Company (ABC)
Gene Reynolds (1923–2020), American actor, television writer, director, and producer
Gene Reynolds (born 1950), Louisiana politician
George Reynolds (disambiguation)
Gerald Reynolds (disambiguation)
Gerry Reynolds (disambiguation)
Gladys H. Reynolds, American statistician
Hannah Reynolds (soccer) (born 1998), American soccer player
Harold Reynolds (born 1960), Major League Baseball second baseman
Henry Reynolds (disambiguation)
Hiram Reynolds (1854–1938), General Superintendent, Church of the Nazarene
Hubert Reynolds (1860–1938), American politician
Hunter Reynolds (1959–2022), American visual artist and AIDS activist
J. Sargeant Reynolds, US politician
James Reynolds (disambiguation)
Jack Reynolds (disambiguation)
Jalen Reynolds (born 1992), American basketball player for Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Israeli Basketball Premier League and Euroleague.
Jason Reynolds (born 1983), American writer
Jasper Reynolds, English footballer
Jeremiah N. Reynolds (1799–1858), newspaper editor, lecturer, explorer and author
Jerry Reynolds (disambiguation)
Joffrey Reynolds (born 1979), gridiron football player
John Reynolds (disambiguation)
John F. Reynolds, Union general in the American Civil War
Jonathan Reynolds, British politician
Jonathan Reynolds (writer), American writer
Joseph Reynolds (disambiguation)
Josh Reynolds (born 1989), Australian rugby league footballer
Josh Reynolds (American football) (born 1995), American football player
Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792), English painter
Joyce Reynolds (actress) (1924–2019), American film actress
Joyce K. Reynolds, American computer scientist
Kev Reynolds (1943–2021), English outdoor writer
Kevin Reynolds (disambiguation)
Kevin Reynolds (born 1952), American film director and screenwriter
Kevin Reynolds (born 1990), Canadian figure skater
Lacey Reynolds, American college basketball coach
Lee Reynolds, American theater producer
Luke Reynolds, English singer/songwriter
Mack Reynolds (1917–1983), US pulp science fiction magazine author
Malvina Reynolds (1900–1978), American folk/blues singer-songwriter and political activist
Maria Hester Park (née Reynolds) (1760–1813), English keyboard player, composer and teacher
Mark Reynolds (disambiguation)
Matt Reynolds (infielder) (born 1990), American baseball player
Mel Reynolds (born 1952), US politician
Nick Reynolds (1933–2008), American folk musician, founding member of The Kingston Trio
Norman Reynolds (1934–2023), British Academy Award-winning art director
Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912), Irish physicist and engineer
Pam Reynolds, American musician who had a famous near-death experience
Patrick Reynolds (disambiguation)
Paul Reynolds (disambiguation)
Peter Reynolds (disambiguation)
Prue-Anne Reynalds, Australian cyclist
R. J. Reynolds (1850–1918), founder of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Ray Reynolds (born 1936), Australian cricketer
Richard Reynolds (disambiguation)
Robert Reynolds (disambiguation)
Rodney Reynolds (born 1974), American engineer
Roger Reynolds (born 1934), US composer
Roslyn Reynolds, English rugby league footballer of the 1940s and 1950s
Rose Reynolds, British actress
Roughton "Rou" Reynolds, lead singer/electronics in Enter Shikari; an English post-hardcore band
Ryan Reynolds (born 1976), Canadian actor
Ryan C. Reynolds (born 1995), American Marine and Soldier
Samuel Reynolds (disambiguation)
Scottie Reynolds (born 1987), American basketball player
Shane Reynolds (born 1968), Major League Baseball pitcher
Sherman Reynolds (1878–1958), rancher and mayor of Chico, California from 1919 to 1923
Sidney Hugh Reynolds (1867–1949), English geologist
Simon Reynolds, British music critic
Stan Reynolds, Canadian businessman
Stan Reynolds, English jazz trumpeter
Tabor B. Reynolds (1821–1901), American physician and politician
Thomas Reynolds (disambiguation)
Tim Reynolds, guitarist
Tommie Reynolds (born 1941), Major League Baseball outfielder
Vernon Reynolds (born 1935), British anthropologist
Walter Reynolds (died 1327), Archbishop of Canterbury
Walter H. Reynolds (1901–1987), Mayor of Providence, Rhode Island
Wellington J. Reynolds (1865–1949), portrait painter and art instructor at the Art Institute of Chicago
William Reynolds (disambiguation)
The Reynolds Girls (Linda Reynolds, born 1970 and Aisling Reynolds, born 1972), English dance-pop duo
Fictional characters
Caroline Reynolds, a character from the television series Prison Break
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Reynolds, a character from the British sitcom It Ain't Half Hot Mum
Kate Reynolds, a fictional character from the movie The Family Man
Kate Reynolds, She has her own weekly news show. It's called "The World in Vision." – a fictional character from the movie Omen III: The Final Conflict
Kevin Reynolds, a fictional character from Canadian series, Supernoobs
Peter Reynolds, a fictional character from the movie Omen III: The Final Conflict
Dennis, Deandra and Frank Reynolds, fictional characters who own an Irish pub in the TV series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
Matt Reynolds, a character from the movie L.A. Confidential.
Mrs. Reynolds, the Darcy's housekeeper in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice
Malcolm Reynolds, the captain of the ship Serenity in the TV series Firefly and the movie Serenity
Eileen Reynolds, Kate Rowan's aunt in the British TV series Heartbeat.
Other
Reynolds cycling team, Spanish professional cycling team
See also
Rennell (disambiguation)
Reynald (disambiguation)
McReynolds
Bibliography
PAINHA, José Maria. Chá de Azeite – O Trajecto Empresarial da Casa Reynolds no Alentejo e Extremadura (1838–1890). Estremoz:Câmara Municipal de Estremoz, 2008. .
References
English-language surnames
Surnames of English origin
Surnames of Irish origin
Gaelic families of Norse descent
Patronymic surnames
People of Conmaicne Maigh Rein
People of Conmaicne Maigh Nissi |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<package xmlns="path_to_url">
<metadata>
<id>itext.commons</id>
<version>9.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<title>iText commons module</title>
<authors>Apryse Software</authors>
<owners>Apryse Software</owners>
<licenseUrl>path_to_url
<projectUrl>path_to_url
<icon>ITSC-avatar.png</icon>
<description>Commons module</description>
<summary />
<releaseNotes>path_to_url
<language>en-US</language>
<tags>itext itext7 itextsharp c# .net csharp</tags>
<dependencies>
<group targetFramework="net461">
<dependency id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="13.0.1" />
<dependency id="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging" version="5.0.0" />
</group>
<group targetFramework="netstandard2.0">
<dependency id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="13.0.1" />
<dependency id="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging" version="5.0.0" />
</group>
</dependencies>
</metadata>
<files>
<file src="bin\Release\net461\itext.commons.dll" target="lib\net461" />
<file src="bin\Release\net461\itext.commons.xml" target="lib\net461" />
<file src="bin\Release\netstandard2.0\itext.commons.dll" target="lib\netstandard2.0" />
<file src="bin\Release\netstandard2.0\itext.commons.xml" target="lib\netstandard2.0" />
<file src="..\..\ITSC-avatar.png" target="" />
</files>
</package>
``` |
```objective-c
#pragma once
#include <cstdint>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>
#include "cereal/gen/cpp/log.capnp.h"
#include "common/i2c.h"
#include "common/gpio.h"
#include "common/swaglog.h"
#include "system/sensord/sensors/constants.h"
#include "system/sensord/sensors/sensor.h"
int16_t read_12_bit(uint8_t lsb, uint8_t msb);
int16_t read_16_bit(uint8_t lsb, uint8_t msb);
int32_t read_20_bit(uint8_t b2, uint8_t b1, uint8_t b0);
class I2CSensor : public Sensor {
private:
I2CBus *bus;
int gpio_nr;
bool shared_gpio;
virtual uint8_t get_device_address() = 0;
public:
I2CSensor(I2CBus *bus, int gpio_nr = 0, bool shared_gpio = false);
~I2CSensor();
int read_register(uint register_address, uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len);
int set_register(uint register_address, uint8_t data);
int init_gpio();
bool has_interrupt_enabled();
virtual int init() = 0;
virtual bool get_event(MessageBuilder &msg, uint64_t ts = 0) = 0;
virtual int shutdown() = 0;
int verify_chip_id(uint8_t address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &expected_ids) {
uint8_t chip_id = 0;
int ret = read_register(address, &chip_id, 1);
if (ret < 0) {
LOGW("Reading chip ID failed: %d", ret);
return -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < expected_ids.size(); ++i) {
if (chip_id == expected_ids[i]) return chip_id;
}
LOGE("Chip ID wrong. Got: %d, Expected %d", chip_id, expected_ids[0]);
return -1;
}
};
``` |
USS Lenoir may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
, was launched 6 November 1944, decommissioned 13 June 1946 and sold in 1947
, was launched 15 July 1942 as PC-582, named Lenoir 1 February 1956 and struck from the Navy list 1 July 1960
United States Navy ship names |
The third election to the Llandeilo Rural District Council was held in March 1901. It was preceded by the 1898 election and followed by the 1904 election. The successful candidates were also elected to the Llandeilo Board of Guardians.
There were a number of unopposed returns in the rural parishes. In the industrial areas where the population was rapidly growing due to the anthracite coal industry most wards were contested.
Boundary changes
Following the growth of the population in the parishes of Betws and Llandybie, boundaries were re-arranged and additional seats created. A notable casualty of this change was Henry Herbert, Chair of the Llandeilo Board of Guardians, who was defeated in the Llandybie Ward by two other sitting members.
Ward Results
Bettws (one seat)
Bettws, Upper Ward (two seats)
Brechfa (one seat)
Glynamman (one seat)
Llandebie No.1 Ward (two seats)
Llandebie No.2, Ammanford (two seats)
Llandebie No.3, Blaenau (two seats)
Llandeilo Fawr North Ward (three seats)
Llandeilo Fawr South Ward (two seats)
Llandyfeisant (one seat)
Llanegwad (three seats)
Llanfihangel Aberbythych (two seats)
Llanfihangel Cilfragen (one seat)
Llangathen (two seats)
Llansawel (two seats)
Quarter Bach No.1 (one seat)
Quarter Bach No.2 (one seat)
Talley (two seats)
References
Elections in Carmarthenshire
1901 Welsh local elections
December 1901 events
20th century in Carmarthenshire |
```html
<html>
<head>
<title>NVIDIA(R) PhysX(R) SDK 3.4 API Reference: Member List</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<LINK HREF="NVIDIA.css" REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<div id="header">
<hr class="first">
<img alt="" src="images/PhysXlogo.png" align="middle"> <br>
<center>
<a class="qindex" href="main.html">Main Page</a>
<a class="qindex" href="hierarchy.html">Class Hierarchy</a>
<a class="qindex" href="annotated.html">Compound List</a>
<a class="qindex" href="functions.html">Compound Members</a>
</center>
<hr class="second">
</div>
<!-- Generated by Doxygen 1.5.8 -->
<div class="contents">
<h1>PxSpatialLocationCallback Member List</h1>This is the complete list of members for <a class="el" href="structPxSpatialLocationCallback.html">PxSpatialLocationCallback</a>, including all inherited members.<p><table>
<tr class="memlist"><td><a class="el" href="structPxSpatialLocationCallback.html#869a311bedd23a07890d0d1d279eaab4">onHit</a>(PxSpatialIndexItem &item, PxReal distance, PxReal &shrunkDistance)=0</td><td><a class="el" href="structPxSpatialLocationCallback.html">PxSpatialLocationCallback</a></td><td><code> [pure virtual]</code></td></tr>
<tr class="memlist"><td><a class="el" href="structPxSpatialLocationCallback.html#b3b5df6caf441e46163273d340cb478a">~PxSpatialLocationCallback</a>()</td><td><a class="el" href="structPxSpatialLocationCallback.html">PxSpatialLocationCallback</a></td><td><code> [inline, virtual]</code></td></tr>
</table></div>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><br>
</body>
</html>
``` |
```c
/* Support for dynamic loading of extension modules */
#include "dl.h"
#include "Python.h"
#include "importdl.h"
extern char *Py_GetProgramName(void);
const struct filedescr _PyImport_DynLoadFiletab[] = {
{".o", "rb", C_EXTENSION},
{"module.o", "rb", C_EXTENSION},
{0, 0}
};
dl_funcptr _PyImport_GetDynLoadFunc(const char *fqname, const char *shortname,
const char *pathname, FILE *fp)
{
char funcname[258];
PyOS_snprintf(funcname, sizeof(funcname), "init%.200s", shortname);
return dl_loadmod(Py_GetProgramName(), pathname, funcname);
}
``` |
The Suparco's spaceflight missions and tests were the sounding rocket launches of the Space Research Commission (SUPARCO) that were aimed at developing high-altitude rockets for Pakistan's space program. The exploration program provides opportunities for physics, atmospheric physics, investigations of the prevailing temperature gradients, wind velocities, and density of the upper atmosphere. Since its inception, over 200 sounding rockets were launched by Suparco from 1962 till its partial termination in 1972.
Pakistan was the first country among developing nations, Islamic world and in South Asia, third in Asia, and tenth in the world to successfully launch a vessel into outer space with a flight of Rehbar-I.
Originally, it has been a SUPARCO program and is still active as of current. The space mission program has been taken over by various aerospace authorities and institutions, including many international collaborations, in the country. Since the late 1980s, most of the tests have been involved in the research and development, followed by the physical testings of the ballistic missile have also been conducted. Notable spaceflights of the launchers have included Rehbar-I, Shaheen-I/Shaheen-II, various Ghauri-II space boosters and missiles.
Spaceflight by year
Spacecraft by year
Recent testings and launch
December 10, 2001
Badr-B
Badr-B was Pakistan's second satellite. Built-in collaboration with the English company SIL, it had a mass of 70 kg and carried an Earth imager.
May 25, 2002 - November 16, 2006
References
External links
Astronautix: Pakistan
Pakistan rocket test chronology
Nuclear history of Pakistan
SUPARCO missions
Rocket test chronology |
Staværing is a demonym in Norwegian, that may refer to:
Someone from Stadsbygd
Someone from Stavern |
VA-128 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy, nicknamed the Golden Intruders. It was established on 1 September 1967, and disestablished in September 1995.
Operational history
September 1967: The squadron was assigned the mission of training combat ready flight crews and replacement maintenance personnel for the A-6 Intruder.
October 1968: Two U.S. Air Force exchange officers reported aboard for training in the A-6A.
June 1973: A Naval Officer from the Federal Republic of Germany reported aboard for training in the A-6.
March–May 1980: The squadron’s TC-4C, Target Recognition Attack Multisensor (TRAM) equipped aircraft, was used to monitor the hot spots on Mount St. Helens in Washington state prior to a major eruption on 18 May. The squadron’s work with U.S. Geological Survey authorities provided the forewarning necessary to save hundreds of lives since the mountain was a popular place for campers, boaters and mountain climbers.
October 1986: The squadron assumed the additional duty of training all U.S. Marine Corps personnel on the A-6 following the disestablishment of VMAT(AW)-202.
1990: The squadron received the first composite wing A-6E on the West Coast.
Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
NAS Whidbey Island – 01 Sep 1967
Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
A-6A Intruder – 01 Sep 1967
TC-4C Academe – 15 Mar 1968
A-6E Intruder – 16 Dec 1973
See also
List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
Attack aircraft
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
History of the United States Navy
References
External links
The Intruder Association VA-128 website
Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons |
A software supply chain is composed of the components, libraries, tools, and processes used to develop, build, and publish a software artifact.
Software vendors often create products by assembling open-source and commercial software components. A software bill of materials (SBOM) declares the inventory of components used to build a software artifact such as a software application. It is analogous to a list of ingredients on food packaging: where you might consult a label to avoid foods that may cause allergies, SBOMs can help organizations or persons avoid consumption of software that could harm them.
The concept of a BOM is well-established in traditional manufacturing as part of supply chain management. A manufacturer uses a BOM to track the parts it uses to create a product. If defects are later found in a specific part, the BOM makes it easy to locate affected products.
Usage
An SBOM is useful both to the builder (manufacturer) and the buyer (customer) of a software product. Builders often leverage available open-source and third-party software components to create a product; an SBOM allows the builder to make sure those components are up to date and to respond quickly to new vulnerabilities. Buyers can use an SBOM to perform vulnerability or license analysis, both of which can be used to evaluate risk in a product.
While many companies just use a spreadsheet for general BOM management, there are additional risks and issues in an SBOM written to a spreadsheet. SBOMs gain greater value when collectively stored in a repository that can be a part of other automation systems, easily queried by other applications. This need for automated SBOM processing is addressed by CycloneDX and Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX), both being open document standards.
Understanding the supply chain of software, obtaining an SBOM, and using it to analyze known vulnerabilities are crucial in managing risk.
Legislation
The Cyber Supply Chain Management and Transparency Act of 2014 was US legislation that proposed to require government agencies to obtain SBOMs for any new products they purchase. It also would have required obtaining SBOMs for "any software, firmware, or product in use by the United States Government". Though it ultimately didn't pass, this act did bring awareness to government and spurred later legislation such as "Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2017."
The US Executive Order on Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity of May 12, 2021 ordered NIST to issue guidance within 90 days to "include standards, procedures, or criteria regarding" several topics in order to "enhance the security of the software supply chain," including "providing a purchaser a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) for each product." Also mandated within 60 days was for NTIA to "publish minimum elements for an SBOM."
The NTIA minimum elements were published on July 12, 2021, and also "describes SBOM use cases for greater transparency in the software supply chain, and lays out options for future evolution." The minimum elements consist of three broad categories: data fields (baseline information about each software component), automation support (the ability to generate SBOMs in machine- and human-readable formats), and practices and processes (how and when organizations should generate SBOMs). The "automation support" requirement specifies the need for "automatic generation," which is possible with the use of Software Composition Analysis (SCA) solutions.
See also
Reproducible builds
Software Package Data Exchange
Software toolchain
Supply chain attack
Manifest file
Dependency hell
References
Supply chain management
Software project management
Software development process |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
/* eslint-disable stdlib/no-redeclare */
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var isNumber = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-number' ).isPrimitive;
var isfinite = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-finite' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Tests if a value is a number primitive having a finite value.
*
* @param {*} value - value to test
* @returns {boolean} boolean indicating if a value is a number primitive having a finite value
*
* @example
* var bool = isFinite( -3.0 );
* // returns true
*
* @example
* var bool = isFinite( new Number( -3.0 ) );
* // returns false
*/
function isFinite( value ) {
return (
isNumber( value ) &&
isfinite( value )
);
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = isFinite;
``` |
```java
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.flowable.engine.impl.bpmn.parser.handler;
import org.flowable.bpmn.model.BaseElement;
import org.flowable.bpmn.model.HttpServiceTask;
import org.flowable.bpmn.model.ServiceTask;
import org.flowable.engine.impl.bpmn.parser.BpmnParse;
/**
* @author Tijs Rademakers
*/
public class HttpServiceTaskParseHandler extends AbstractActivityBpmnParseHandler<ServiceTask> {
@Override
public Class<? extends BaseElement> getHandledType() {
return HttpServiceTask.class;
}
@Override
protected void executeParse(BpmnParse bpmnParse, ServiceTask serviceTask) {
serviceTask.setBehavior(bpmnParse.getActivityBehaviorFactory().createHttpActivityBehavior(serviceTask));
}
}
``` |
```yaml
is:
activemodel:
attributes:
close_meeting:
attendees_count: Fjldi tttakenda
attending_organizations: Listi yfir samtk sem sttu
closing_report: Skrsla
contributions_count: Fjldi framlaga
proposal_ids: Tillgur bin til fundinum
meeting:
address: Heimilisfang
available_slots: Lausar rifa fyrir ennan fund
decidim_category_id: Flokkur
decidim_scope_id: Umfang
description: Lsing
end_time: Lokatmi
location: Stasetning
location_hints: Stasetningarmguleikar
private_meeting: Einkafundur
registration_terms: Skrningarskilmlar
registrations_enabled: Skrningar virkt
start_time: Byrjunartmi
title: Titill
transparent: Gegnstt
minutes:
audio_url: Audio url
description: Lsing
video_url: Video url
visible: Er snilegt
decidim:
admin:
meeting_copies:
new:
copy: Afrita
select: Veldu hvaa ggn vilt afrita
title: Afrita fundi
components:
meetings:
actions:
join: Skru ig
name: Fundir
settings:
global:
announcement: Tilkynning
comments_enabled: Athugasemdir virkt
default_registration_terms: Sjlfgefin skrningarskilmlar
step:
announcement: Tilkynning
comments_blocked: Athugasemdir lst
events:
meetings:
meeting_closed:
affected_user:
email_subject: Fundurinn "%{resource_title}" var lokaur
notification_title: <a href="%{resource_path}">%{resource_title}</a> fundurinn var lokaur.
follower:
email_intro: 'Fundurinn "%{resource_title}" var lokaur. getur lesi niursturnar af sunni:'
email_subject: Fundurinn "%{resource_title}" var lokaur
notification_title: <a href="%{resource_path}">%{resource_title}</a> fundurinn var lokaur.
meeting_created:
email_intro: Fundurinn "%{resource_title}" hefur veri btt vi "%{participatory_space_title}" sem fylgist me.
email_outro: hefur fengi essa tilkynningu vegna ess a fylgist me "%{participatory_space_title}". getur sleppt v fr fyrri tengilinn.
email_subject: N fundur btt vi %{participatory_space_title}
notification_title: Fundurinn <a href="%{resource_path}">%{resource_title}</a> hefur veri btt vi %{participatory_space_title}
meeting_registrations_over_percentage:
email_outro: hefur fengi essa tilkynningu vegna ess a ert stjrnandi tttkustigi fundarins.
meeting_updated:
email_intro: '"%{resource_title}" fundurinn var uppfrur. getur lesi nja tgfu af sunni:'
email_outro: hefur fengi essa tilkynningu vegna ess a fylgir "%{resource_title}" fundinum. getur sleppt v fr fyrri tengilinn.
email_subject: '"%{resource_title}" fundurinn var uppfrur'
notification_title: <a href="%{resource_path}">%{resource_title}</a> fundurinn var uppfrur.
registrations_enabled:
email_intro: '"%{resource_title}" fundurinn hefur gert skrningu kleift. getur skr ig sunni:'
email_outro: hefur fengi essa tilkynningu vegna ess a fylgir "%{resource_title}" fundinum. getur sleppt v fr fyrri tengilinn.
email_subject: '"%{resource_title}" fundurinn hefur gert skrningu kleift.'
notification_title: <a href="%{resource_path}">%{resource_title}</a> fundurinn hefur gert skrningu kleift.
upcoming_meeting:
email_intro: '"%{resource_title}" fundurinn mun byrja innan vi 48 klst.'
email_outro: hefur fengi essa tilkynningu vegna ess a fylgir "%{resource_title}" fundinum. getur sleppt v fr fyrri tengilinn.
email_subject: '"%{resource_title}" fundurinn mun byrja innan vi 48 klst.'
notification_title: <a href="%{resource_path}">%{resource_title}</a> fundurinn hefst innan vi 48 klst.
meetings:
actions:
attachments: Vihengi
close: Loka
confirm_destroy: Ertu viss um a viljir eya essum fundi?
destroy: Eya
edit: Breyta
minutes: Fundargerir
preview: Preview
registrations: Skrningar
title: Agerir
admin:
exports:
registrations: Skrningar
invite_join_meeting_mailer:
invite:
join: Taka tt fundi '%{meeting_title}'
meeting_closes:
edit:
close: Loka
title: Loka fundi
meetings:
close:
success: Fundur me gum rangri loka
create:
success: Fundur bin til me gum rangri
destroy:
success: Fundur me gum rangri eytt
edit:
update: Uppfra
index:
title: Fundir
new:
create: Ba til
title: Ba til fundi
service:
description: Lsing
down: Niur
remove: Fjarlgja
service: jnusta
title: Titill
up: Upp
services:
add_service: Bta vi jnustu
services: jnusta
update:
success: Fundur tkst a uppfra
minutes:
create:
success: Fundargerir bin til me gum rangri
edit:
update: Uppfra
new:
create: Ba til
title: Bu til mntur
update:
success: Fundargerir me gum rangri uppfr
models:
meeting:
name: Fundur
registrations:
edit:
save: Vista
form:
available_slots_help: Leyfi a til 0 ef hefur takmarkaa rifa boi.
reserved_slots_help: Leggu a 0 ef hefur ekki skilinn rifa
reserved_slots_less_than: Verur a vera minna en ea jafnt vi %{count}
update:
success: Fundir skrningarstillingar voru vistaar me gum rangri.
admin_log:
meeting:
close: "%{user_name} lokai %{resource_name} fundinum %{space_name} plssinu"
create: "%{user_name} bi til %{resource_name} fundinn %{space_name} plssinu"
delete: "%{user_name} eyddi %{resource_name} fundinum %{space_name} plssinu"
export_registrations: "%{user_name} flutti skrningar %{resource_name} fundarins %{space_name} plssinu"
update: "%{user_name} uppfrt %{resource_name} fundi %{space_name} plssi"
value_types:
organizer_presenter:
not_found: 'Skipuleggjandi fannst ekki gagnagrunninum (ID: %{id})'
minutes:
create: "%{user_name} bi til fundarger fundarins %{resource_name} %{space_name} plssinu"
update: "%{user_name} uppfrt fundargerir fundarins %{resource_name} %{space_name} plssinu"
mailer:
invite_join_meeting_mailer:
invite:
subject: Bo um tttku fundi
registration_mailer:
confirmation:
subject: Skrning fundarins hefur veri stafest
meeting:
not_allowed: mtt ekki skoa ennan fund
meetings:
filters:
category: Flokkur
date: Dagsetning
search: Leita
filters_small_view:
close_modal: Loka mt
filter: Sa
filter_by: Sa eftir
unfold: Fella t
meetings:
no_meetings_warning: Engar fundir samrmast leitarskilyrum num ea a er ekki fundur tla.
upcoming_meetings_warning: Eins og er, eru engar tlanir fundar, en hr er hgt a finna allar fyrri fundi skr.
registration_confirm:
cancel: Htta vi
confirm: Stafesta
show:
attendees: tttakendur telja
contributions: Framlg telja
going: Fara
join: Skru ig fundi
meeting_report: Fundarskrsla
no_slots_available: Engar rifa boi
organizations: Mta stofnanir
models:
meeting:
fields:
closed: Loka
end_time: Loka dagsetning
map: Kort
start_time: Upphafsdagur
title: Titill
read_more: "(Lestu meira)"
registration_mailer:
confirmation:
confirmed_html: Skrningin n til fundarins <a href="%{url}">%{title}</a> hefur veri stafest.
details: finnur upplsingar fundarins vihenginu.
registrations:
destroy:
success: hefur skili eftir fundinn me gum rangri.
types:
private_meeting: Einkafundur
transparent: Gegnstt
participatory_processes:
participatory_process_groups:
highlighted_meetings:
past_meetings: Fyrri fundi
upcoming_meetings: Nstu fundir
participatory_spaces:
highlighted_meetings:
past_meetings: Fyrri fundi
upcoming_meetings: Nstu fundir
devise:
mailer:
join_meeting:
subject: Bo um tttku fundi
``` |
Historis is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae found from Mexico to South America.
Species
There are two recognised species:
Historis acheronta (Fabricius, 1775) – dashwing, tailed cecropian
Historis odius (Fabricius, 1775) – stinky leafwing, Orion
References
Coeini
Nymphalidae of South America
Butterfly genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner |
Ater Assembly constituency (formerly, Attair) is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Madhya Bharat state.
Overview
Ater (constituency number 9) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Bhind district. This constituency covers the entire Ater tehsil, part of Bhind tehsil and Phuphkalan nagar panchayat.
Ater is part of Bhind Lok Sabha constituency along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, Bhind, Lahar, Mehgaon and Gohad in this district and Sewda, Bhander and Datia in Datia district.
Members of the Legislative Assembly
Election results
2023
2018
See also
Bhind district
References
Bhind district
Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh |
Walcyr Carrasco (born 1 December 1951) is a Brazilian author, film writer and television writer.
Career
Walcyr Rodrigues Carrasco was born on 1 December 1951, in Bernardino de Campos, São Paulo. Writer, playwright and screenwriter, began his professional career as a journalist. His first published book was Quando Meu Irmãozinho Nasceu. Since then, still in children's literature, he wrote and published several works, among them A Menina que Queria Ser Anjo, Cadê o Super-herói?, Abaixo o Bicho Papão, Quem Quer Sonhar, Meu Encontro com Papai Noel and O Mistério da Gruta. As a playwright, Walcyr Carrasco wrote success stories such as Batom (1995), which revealed the actress Ana Paula Arósio, and Êxtase (1997), for which he received the Shell award for best author.
He made his debut writing for television in the late 1980s, with the telenovela Cortina de Vidro, produced and aired by SBT. Then, in the Rede Manchete, wrote three mini-series: Rosa-dos-Rumos (1990), O Guarani (1991) and Filhos do Sol (1991). Hired by Globo, he worked as a text supervisor on the series Retrato de Mulher (1993), starring actress Regina Duarte.
Walcyr Carrasco was also, along with Mário Teixeira, the author of the telenovela Xica da Silva (1996), produced and also aired by the extinct Manchete TV, under the direction of Walter Avancini. He was required to sign the plot under the alias Adamo Angel at the time because he had been hired by SBT. He wrote Fascinaço (1998) while still a student at SBT.
Carrasco returned to work at Globo in 2000, when he also - with Mário Teixeira - signed his first telenovela on the station, O Cravo e a Rosa (2000). Inspired by the Shakespearean classic The Taming of the Shrew, with references sought in A Indomada, Ivani Ribeiro's novel, screened in 1965 by TV Excelsior, and Sérgio Jockyman's O Machão, aired in 1974 by TV Tupi. O Cravo e a Rosa was a great success at 6:00 pm with Eduardo Moscovis and Adriana Esteves in the roles Julião Petruchio and Catarina Batista. Walter Avancini was the director, with whom Walcyr Carrasco would also work on his next work, the telenovela A Padroeira (2001). Set in the 18th century, A Padroeira debuted three months after O Cravo e a Rosa, and starred Luigi Baricelli and Deborah Secco in the lead roles, the telenovela turned out to be the latest work by director Walter Avancini, who died in July 2001.
Then Walcyr Carrasco was one of the authors of the second version of the series Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (2001), based Monteiro Lobato's novel. He returned to write telenovelas in 2002, replacing - from episode 149 - the author Benedito Ruy Barbosa ahead of Esperança (2002).
Filmography
Telenovela
Series
References
External links
Profile, purepeople.com.br; accessed 2 January 2017.
Living people
1951 births
Brazilian male writers
Authors of Brazilian telenovelas
Writers from São Paulo (state)
Male television writers |
American Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. The journal publishes articles of broad interest to psychologists, including empirical reports and scholarly reviews covering science, practice, education, and policy, and occasionally publishes special issues on relevant topics in the field of psychology. The editor-in-chief is Harris Cooper (Duke University).
The journal has implemented the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines that provide structure to research planning and reporting and aim to make research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 16.4.
See also
Developmental Psychology
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Journal of Experimental Psychology
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
References
External links
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1946
American Psychological Association academic journals
Psychology journals
9 times per year journals |
Tom Erling Kårbø (born 4 February 1989 in Haugesund) is a Norwegian runner specialising in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He made the final at the 2018 European Championships finishing 11th.
His younger brother, Harald Kårbø, is also a runner on national level.
International competitions
Personal bests
Outdoor
800 metres – 1:52.82 (Oslo 2011)
1500 metres – 3:44.87 (Sollentuna 2018)
3000 metres – 8:02.49 (Bergen 2013)
5000 metres – 14:05.29 (Heusden-Zolder 2017)
10 kilometres – 29:34 (Lausanne 2015)
3000 metres steeplechase – 8:29.41 (Leiden 2018)
Indoor
800 metres – 1:56.02 (Haugesund 2017)
1500 metres – 3:48.91 (Uppsala 2018)
One mile – 4:15.36 (Bemidji 2017)
3000 metres – 8:07.23 (Ghent 2013)
5000 metres – 15:00.47 (Mankato 2010)
References
1989 births
Living people
Norwegian male steeplechase runners
Sportspeople from Haugesund
People from Stord
European Games competitors for Norway
Athletes (track and field) at the 2023 European Games |
The Way of the West is a 1934 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey.
Cast
Hal Taliaferro as Wally Gordon
Bobby Nelson as Bobby Parker
Myrla Bratton as "Fiery" Parker
Fred Parker as Dad Parker
William Desmond as 'Cash' Horton
Art Mix as Henchman Tim
James Sheridan as Henchman Skippy
Bill Patton as Buck
Jack Jones as Sheriff #2 - Jed Hampton
Harry Beery as Older Cowhand
Helen Gibson as Townswoman
Tiny Skelton as Tiny (ranch hand)
Gene Layman as Jeff Thompson
Jimmy Aubrey as Sheriff #1 / Bartender Jim
External links
1934 films
1930s English-language films
American black-and-white films
1934 Western (genre) films
American Western (genre) films
Films directed by Robert Emmett Tansey
1930s American films |
José Antonio Redondo Ramos (born 5 March 1985 in Alcázar de San Juan) is a Spanish former racing cyclist who last rode for UCI Professional Continental team Andalucía–CajaSur.
In 2007, riding for Astana, Redondo finished second in the 2nd stage of both the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and the Vuelta al País Vasco. Redondo was sacked from Astana in September 2007 after "failing to abide by team rules".
Major results
2006 Vuelta a España – 47th
National Time Trial U23 Championship – 3rd (2005)
References
External links
Spanish male cyclists
1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Ciudad Real
Cyclists from Castilla-La Mancha |
Classic Images is a monthly American mail-subscription newspaper in tabloid format, founded in 1962 by film collector Samuel K. Rubin, dedicated to film and television of the "Golden Age". Its offices are located in Muscatine, Iowa, and it is published by the Muscatine Journal division of Lee Enterprises, Inc. As of May 2023, 570 issues of Classic Images have been published.
History and profile
Classic Images, which has readers around the world, was founded in 1962 and was first known as The 8mm Collector (issues 1-15) and later as Classic Film Collector (issues 16-60). The magazine under the name Classic Film Collector was published quarterly in Indiana, Pennsylvania. At first, the magazine focused heavily on reviews and information on silent films available on the then-flourishing 8mm film home movie market, the performers and filmmakers of the silent period, and leaders and trends in the current home movie industry. Over the years, Classic Images has become an increasingly important source of information on collectible film art such as posters and lobby cards. Films available in various widths such as 16mm and 8mm received coverage, also. Since the demise of a rival publication, The Big Reel, Classic Images became the foremost publication for 16mm and 8mm collectors, until the decline of those films given the rise of Blu-ray and other high-definition video formats.
Since the early 1980s, the newspaper has expanded coverage to include the "golden age of Hollywood", and continues to regularly feature articles on silent movies and their stars. Many minor film stars and character actors in Hollywood history have received their first major profiles in the pages of Classic Images in addition to articles of scores of legendary screen personalities and filmmakers. The magazine also features reviews of books relating to film history, news and reviews of classic films released on video, and articles on film fan conventions with photographs of famous attendees. Classic Images at times features exclusive interviews with vintage film personalities, often offering valuable insights into movie history.
Several leading classic-period film historians and critics published some of their first articles for the magazine, including Leonard Maltin. All articles were written voluntarily, without compensation; subscriptions and advertising by dealers in the home movie industry supported the printing costs, and a small salary for two or three office assistants; Rubin began publishing while head of a furniture-store operation in Pennsylvania, but sold his business to devote his time and personal resources to his publication. In the early 1970s, he moved to Muscatine, Iowa, where he entered into a printing arrangement with that town's newspaper-publishing enterprise, which eventually purchased the publication from Rubin.
After Rubin's retirement in 1988, the publication entered into a period of decline, which was reversed after Bob King became editor and general manager in 1991. As the internet and other changes in the publishing industry led to the demise of its rivals, Classic Images became an increasingly popular and respected resource of the film fan community, often referred to as "the film fan's bible". Rubin continued to write for the magazine until mid-2007, and published his autobiography featuring the history of the magazine, Moving Pictures and Classic Images: Memories of Forty Years in the Vintage Film Hobby, in 2004. Laura Wagner, Carol Peterson, Tom Weaver, Robert E. Tevis, Samuel Clemens, and Harris Lentz are six of Classic Images regular writers. In 1995, Classic Images also spun off a quarterly "sister" publication, the magazine Films of the Golden Age, also edited by King.
Classic Images made national news in 1992 when one of its writers discovered silent film legend Vilma Bánky had died unnoticed the previous year. Since the mid-1990s, the covers of issues of Classic Images usually feature reproductions of vintage movie posters. Previously, covers were original color illustrations of classic film personalities or characters.
Classic Images again made headlines in 2023 after reporting the deaths of actresses Dona Cole, Helen Perry, and Patricia Hall, who had died unnoticed years prior. They did the last interviews with Lara Lindsay, Rosalee Calvert, and Pat Mowry that year.
The publication has been preserved on microfilm and may be found in university libraries. Since the mid-1980s, a website has been available, largely devoted to promotion of Classic Images and Films of the Golden Age as print publications.
Let Me Tell You How I Really Feel: The Uncensored Book Reviews of Classic Images' Laura Wagner, 2001-2010 by Laura Wagner was published by BearManor Media on April 25, 2015; it features replies from readers of Classic Images.
See also
List of film periodicals
References
External links
Film magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1962
Magazines published in Iowa
Magazines published in Pittsburgh
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States |
The National Union of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts of Armenia ("Astghik", meaning "guide in life"; ) is the national Guiding Union of Armenia. Guiding came to Armenia in 1988; the union was founded in 1996, and became an associate member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) in 2002 and a full member in 2014. The girls-only organization has 1200 members (as of 2014).
History
The first Guide patrols in Armenia were founded in 1988 as part of a coeducational Scouting organization. In 1996, the girls left this organization and founded Astghik, a girls-only association. The first contact with WAGGGS was established in 1997, and in 1999, the association received the status WAGGGS Certificate of Country Working Towards Membership. Meanwhile, Astghik was authorized by the Armenian Ministry of Justice in December 1998. In 2002, the association became an associate member of WAGGGS.
NUGGGS "Astghik" functions/operates in different regions of Armenia, and the Union holds weekly meetings of the groups. The Union is a non-governmental organization that organizes various seminars, trainings, camps, and cultural activities both in Armenia and abroad. It works with non-formal educational programs. The Union offers its members learning by doing, challenges, interesting and happy everyday life.
The educational program of NUGGGS “Astghik” consists of nine main points, including, scouting family, the society in which we live, discover yourself, world around us, cultural world, nature, healthy life, widen/deepen your way of thinking, housewife. These programs help women and girls to become independent self-confident individuals being able to make their own decisions. The Movement unites girls and women from different countries, helping to develop partnership and teamwork, decision making, listening and understanding abilities. It gives the opportunity to do things that are interesting and exciting.
The union has three age groups:
6–10 years are called "Artsvik"
11–15 years are called "Arenush"
16–20 years are called "Parmanuhi"
Program
"Our mission in the dynamic world to promote the formation of spiritual, physical, intellectual abilities, social potential and the formation of character in girls and women as individuals: responsible citizens of the world."
Uniform
All members wear a green short sleeved blouse with a group neckerchief.
See also
Hayastani Azgayin Scautakan Sharjum Kazmakerputiun
References
External links
Official homepage
WAGGGS Europe Region Entry on Armenia
World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts member organizations
Scouting and Guiding in Armenia
Organizations established in 1996 |
Barnard is a city in Lincoln County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 64.
History
Barnard was first settled in 1888 when a rail line of the Chicago, Kansas & Western Railroad Company, reached the town, and it was incorporated as a city in 1904. Barnard was named for J.F. Barnard, a railroad employee.
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway acquired the C,K & W.R. in 1901. The railroad applied in 1983 to abandon the 43.38 mile "Minneapolis District" line from Manchester, Kansas to Barnard.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Barnard has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 70 people, 43 households, and 16 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 71 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.
There were 43 households, of which 9.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.9% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 62.8% were non-families. 55.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.63 and the average family size was 2.38.
The median age in the city was 49.3 years. 10% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.8% were from 25 to 44; 45.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 60.0% male and 40.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 123 people, 62 households, and 37 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 77 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.
There were 62 households, out of which 19.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. 40.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98 and the average family size was 2.65.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 17.9% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 18.7% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 26.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,667, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,329. There were 22.2% of families and 14.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 25.0% of under eighteens and 18.5% of those over 64.
Economy
The only businesses or services remaining in Barnard are a post office and a small grocery.
Education
The community is served by Lincoln USD 298 public school district.
Barnard schools were closed through school unification in 1966. The Barnard High School team name was "Cardinals".
References
Further reading
External links
Barnard - Directory of Public Officials
History of Barnard, Legends of Kansas
Barnard city map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
Cities in Lincoln County, Kansas
1888 establishments in Kansas
Populated places established in 1888 |
The 1996–97 season was the 94th season in existence of Cremonese and the club's first season back in the top flight of Italian football. In addition to the domestic league, Cremonese participated in this season's edition of the Coppa Italia. The season covered the period from 1 July 1996 to 30 June 1997. The team was relegated for the second season in a row.
Players
First-team squad
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overview
Serie B
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
Source:
Coppa Italia
References
US Cremonese seasons
U.S. Cremonese |
Oren Koules (born January 31, 1961) is an American entrepreneur and film producer. He is the co-founder of Evolution Entertainment and produced the Saw film series as well as the CBS television series Two and a Half Men. Koules is also the former owner of the Tampa Bay Lightning and the Helena Bighorns.
Early life
Koules was born and raised in La Grange Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. As a child, he took figure skating lessons where he developed an interest in playing ice hockey, later dropping out of high school to pursue a career as a professional hockey player.
Career
Early career; hockey and commodities
Koules competed in the Western Hockey League from 1979 to 1982. During his career he played for six different teams, including the Medicine Hat Tigers, Portland Winter Hawks, Brandon Wheat Kings, and Spokane Flyers. His final year he played for the Hampton Roads Gulls, Virginia Raiders, and Saginaw Gears. His best year was in 1980 with the Spokane Flyers when he scored 28 goals with 45 assists for a total of 73 points.
Koules was not drafted by an NHL team, but he attended two tryout camps for his hometown Chicago Blackhawks. After his hockey career, Koules became a commodities trader at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1983. He was one of the youngest members on the floor and eventually purchased a full membership to the Exchange. He sold his seat and left the exchange in good standing in 1991.
Film career and sports
Upon arriving in Hollywood, Koules was introduced to former Los Angeles Times reporter, Dale Pollock, and the two formed Peak Productions soon after. Together, they produced films like Mrs. Winterbourne and Set It Off. The early success of Peak Productions led Koules to a job as the Senior Vice President of Production at Paramount Pictures. In 1998, Koules founded Evolution Entertainment along with film producer Mark Burg, with their first major production being the 2002 thriller film John Q. starring Denzel Washington. In 2001, Koules became the owner of the Helena Bighorns, a Junior A hockey team, also purchasing the Helena Ice Area.
In 2003, Koules and Mark Burg saw a seven-minute teaser of a film written by Australian screenwriters, Leigh Whannell and James Wan, and agreed to produce the film. The film would later become the original Saw film that was
released in 2004. The budget for the film was $1.2 million with $1 million of the funding coming direct from Koules and Burg. Production was done under a newly formed subsidiary of Evolution Entertainment called Twisted Pictures. The film turned in the Saw franchise with the sequel released in 2005 and the franchise making $420 million at the box office by 2007. Evolution Entertainment was also responsible for the production of Two and a Half Men starting in 2003.
In 2007, Koules started his pursuit to purchase the Tampa Bay Lightning from Palace Sports and Entertainment. In 2008, he agreed to purchase the team through OK Hockey LLC, an investment group he controlled, for $206 million. The group sold the team to Jeffrey Vinik, a minority owner in the Boston Red Sox, for $160 million in 2010.
In June 2011, Koules sold his ownership in Evolution Entertainment, but continued to own and oversee the Saw franchise and Two and a Half Men. The Saw franchise has grossed more than from box office and retail sales as of 2021.
Personal life
Koules married talent agent Risa Shapiro in 1994. They had one son, Miles, in that same year. Miles Koules is currently a professional ice hockey player, playing for the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL (Columbus Blue Jackets). Koules and Shapiro separated in 2005 and eventually divorced in 2007. In 2008, Koules married Shereen Arazm, a businesswoman and restaurateur. They met by happenstance on a flight from Toronto, where Arazm is originally from, to Los Angeles where Koules was filming Saw II. The pair have two daughters together, Sam and Neve.
Filmography
He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.
Film
As an actor
Thanks
Television
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Film producers from Illinois
American men's ice hockey left wingers
American people of Greek descent
Atlantic Coast Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Calgary Wranglers (WHL) players
Great Falls Americans players
Ice hockey people from Illinois
Medicine Hat Tigers players
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League owners
People from La Grange Park, Illinois
Portland Winterhawks players
Saginaw Gears players
Spokane Flyers players
Ice hockey people from Chicago
Tampa Bay Lightning executives |
Cardinal McCarrick High School (CMHS), later known as Cardinal McCarrick/St. Mary's High School, was a Catholic secondary school located in South Amboy, New Jersey, that operated under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Metuchen. The school closed at the end of the 2014–15 school year, in the wake of an increasing financial deficit.
As of the 2009–10 school year, the school had an enrollment of 328 students and 25.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.8:1.
Description
The school said its goal is to help to ensure that each CMHS student continues to reach their potential during high school. Initiatives to advance this goal included a College Advisory Program, a Formalized Academic Support Program, an Enhanced College Testing Program, Distance Learning Opportunities, and an Interdisciplinary Honors Program.
History
The school was founded in 1885 by Saint Mary's parish, and included grades one to eleven. It was expanded to include the twelfth grade in 1918, was accredited as Saint Mary's High School in 1919, and the first graduating class was in 1922. The original building was destroyed by a fire and a new school building that opened in 1968 was rebuilt in its place.
During the late 1980s, the high school went from being a parish high school to a diocesan high school, separating completely from the now-defunct St. Mary Elementary School (K-8). As a result of the change the high school went through several name changes, including St. Mary Regional High School (1988–2000), St. Mary Diocesan High School (2000–2001). On June 11, 2001, then Diocese of Metuchen Bishop Vincent Breen announced that Saint Mary's would close and reopen under a new name the following fall. In September 2001, the school was named Cardinal McCarrick High School, in honor of Theodore Edgar McCarrick, the first bishop of the Diocese of Metuchen.
Also in fall of 2001, the school opened a local branch of a credit union called the Eagle's Nest.
The High School also has a partnership with Saint Peter's College of Jersey City to serve as a satellite campus for their graduate studies.
In 2013 the school, along with Sacred Heart Elementary School, joined the umbrella organization Raritan Bay Catholic Preparatory School.
Mascot, colors and mission
Cardinal McCarrick's school mascot was the Eagle, wearing blue and gold. The Eagle was named Ollie. In 2000–2001, Cardinal McCarrick High School rewrote their mission statement - "The mission of Cardinal McCarrick High School is to facilitate, nurture, and instill a thirst for knowledge based on Catholic moral principles in preparation for life's journey to create a better world."
Athletics
The Cardinal McCarrick High School Eagles competed in the Greater Middlesex Conference, which includes public and private high schools located in the greater Middlesex County area. The league operates under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA).
The boys basketball team won the NJSIAA Parochial South B championship in 2003, defeating Wildwood Catholic High School, 67–51. The 2005 team repeated the feat with a 75–56 win over Holy Spirit High School in the tournament final.
The girls bowling team won the Group I state championship in 2012 and 2013.
Sports included:
Fall
Varsity Soccer (Boys and Girls)
Varsity Cross Country (Boys and Girls)
Varsity Tennis (Girls)
Varsity and JV Football
Varsity Cheerleading
Winter
Varsity and JV Cheerleading
Freshman, Varsity and JV Basketball (Boys)
Varsity and JV Basketball (Girls)
Varsity Bowling (Boys and Girls)
Spring
Varsity Track and Field (Boys and Girls)
Freshman, Varsity and JV Baseball (Boys)
Varsity and JV Softball (Girls)
Varsity Golf (Boys and Girls)
Notable alumni
Allie Clark (1923-2012), former New York Yankees and World Series Winner.
Tom Kelly (born 1950), Minnesota Twins Manager and World Series Winner.
Jack McKeon (born 1930), Florida Marlins Manager and World Series winner.
Johnny O'Brien (born 1930), former professional baseball player.
Eddie O'Brien (born 1930), former professional baseball player.
Marques Townes (born 1995), basketball player for the Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team, who transferred out of Cardinal McCarrick after his sophomore year.
Closing
The Cardinal McCarrick school closed its doors as of June 2015.
The Cardinal himself resigned that rank in July 2018 (reverting to Archbishop) and was laicized in February, 2019.
Bishop Ahr High School (now St. Thomas Aquinas High School) accepted its former students; Ahr and the former McCarrick had the same tuition prices.
References
External links
Data for Cardinal McCarrick High School, National Center for Education Statistics
1885 establishments in New Jersey
2015 disestablishments in New Jersey
Defunct Catholic secondary schools in New Jersey
Educational institutions disestablished in 2015
Educational institutions established in 1885
Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
Private high schools in Middlesex County, New Jersey
Roman Catholic Diocese of Metuchen
South Amboy, New Jersey |
Ernst Wilhelm Arnold von Hoeppner (14 January 1860 – 26 September 1922) was a Prussian cavalry officer who served as the Commanding General of the German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I.
Early life and military career
Hoeppner was born in Tonnin on the island of Wollin in Pomerania on 14 January 1860. He was the third son of a Prussian major Ernst Ferdinand Hoeppner (1813-1881) and his wife Wilhelmine Minna, née Kropf (1827-1896). Ernst Hoeppner attended the Cadet School in Potsdam from 1872 and in 1879 he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 6th Magdeburg Dragoon Regiment. He attended the Prussian Military Academy in 1890. From 1893 to 1899, he was a member of the 14th Dragoon Regiment stationed at Colmar in Alsace, commanding a squadron.
Hoeppner married Sophie Eugenie Minette Elisabeth Adele Valentine of Pöppinghausen on 14 July 1885. They had three children: Busso, Margot and Gerd.
In 1902 Hoeppner was appointed to the General Staff. He was appointed as a staff officer with the IX Army Corps in Altona in 1904. By 1906 he was a lieutenant colonel and was commander of the 13th Hussars Regiment in Diedenhofen. Two years later he was appointed chief of staff of the VII Army Corps. In September 1912 he was made commander of the 4th Cavalry Brigade in Bromberg and the following year he was raised to the nobility by Kaiser Wilhelm II and granted the nobiliary particle von before his surname. This was in recognition of his achievements as a staff officer and brigade commander.
World War I
At the start of World War I Hoeppner was Chief of Staff at the 3rd Army headquarters. He remained in this post until spring of 1915 when he took up command of the 14th Reserve Division. Later in 1915 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the 2nd Army and in 1916 he became the commander of the 75th Reserve Division.
In October 1916, General Ludendorff decided that the German Air Service needed greater unity of command with a general officer having authority over all the Army's aerial combat and anti-aircraft units both in the field and at home. Ludendorff chose Hoeppner as the new air commander and it was at this time the Air Service was renamed from Fliegertruppe to Luftstreitkräfte. Hoeppner was given the title of Kommandierender General der Luftstreitkräfte (Commanding General of the Air Service - sometimes abbreviated to Kogenluft in German), holding the rank of lieutenant-general. He was directly responsible to Hindenburg at Supreme Army Command.
Hoeppner reorganized the fragmented air services, greatly increasing the number of Jastas (squadrons) and forming them into Jagdgeschwader (wings). Priority was given to the development of strategies for massed air attacks. In 1917 Hoeppner authored a memorandum asking for a significant increase in aircraft production which initiated the Amerika Programme. In 1917 he was awarded the Pour le Mérite even though as a senior commander he was not directly involved in air combat. The award was resented by some of his junior officers.
Post war
After the war, the German Air Service was dissolved. The German War Ministry issued orders for Von Hoepppner's post to be disestablished on 16 January 1919 although he appears to have continued as Commanding General for a few more days. His final order to his Air Service personnel was issued on 21 January. He then took up command of the 18th Army Corps on 10 April 1919 but resigned from active service at his own request at the end of November 1919. He retired as general of cavalry with permission to wear the uniform of the 13th Hussars Regiment.
Hoeppner returned to his estate at Groß-Mokratz (now Mokrzyca Wielka) on the island of Wollin in the Baltic Sea where he wrote his memoirs. In 1921 he published Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft ("Germany's War in the Air"), a study of the German Air Service from 1914 to 1918.
On 26 September 1922 Hoeppner died of Influenza at the age of 62. He was buried in his birthplace, Tonnin, on the island of Wollin.
In popular culture
In the 2008 biopic The Red Baron, Hoeppner is portrayed by actor Axel Prahl.
References
External links
On Air Power - von Höppner, Ernst Wilhelm
flieger-album.de - von Hoeppner
The Prussian Machine - Ernst von Hoeppner
|-
|-
|-
1860 births
1922 deaths
Deaths from influenza
Military personnel from the Province of Pomerania
Luftstreitkräfte personnel
Military aviation leaders of World War I
Generals of Cavalry (Prussia)
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
German military historians
Historians of World War I
People from Kamień County
Commanders of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
German male non-fiction writers
German Army generals of World War I |
Paul James Stevens (born 31 July 1973) is a former English cricketer, born in Eastbourne, Sussex. A right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper, he played a few times for Sussex County Cricket Club's Second XI in 1992, and made eight List A appearances for the Sussex Cricket Board team between 1998 and 2002, all in the NatWest Trophy and its successor the C&G Trophy.
His highest score was a 62 against Shropshire in 2001. His last game was in 2002 when he sent down three overs for 18 runs without taking a wicket. He took 11 catches, and made one stumping, the latter being that of Herefordshire's Neeraj Prabhu.
External links
Statistical summary from CricketArchive
1973 births
Living people
English cricketers
Cricketers from Eastbourne
Sussex Cricket Board cricketers
Wicket-keepers |
The Ministry of Mines (; abbreviated MOM) administers Burma's mineral resources extraction, production, and export policies.
Ministry of Mines was led by Myint Aung, who President Thein Sein appointed on 7 September 2012. The Ministry was organized as Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation by combination of Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry.
See also
Cabinet of Burma
References
External links
Official website
Mines
Myanmar
Mining in Myanmar |
```go
//go:build !ee
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package docs
import _ "embed"
//go:embed zz_generated.kubermaticConfiguration.ce.yaml
var ExampleKubermaticConfiguration string
//go:embed zz_generated.seed.ce.yaml
var ExampleSeedConfiguration string
``` |
The Osella PA4 is a Group 6 (Sports 2000) prototype racing car designed, developed, and built by Osella, to compete in the World Sportscar Championship sports car racing series between 1976 and 1980. It was powered by a number of different engines, including the BMW M12/7, and the Cosworth BDG. The and Cosworth FVA and Cosworth FVC were also used. It was even powered by a Ferrari 2.0 V8 engine. It scored a total of 8 wins, and 18 podiums. It was entered 82 times, to various different racing events.
References
Osella vehicles
Mid-engined cars |
```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# This file is part of OpenMediaVault.
#
# @license path_to_url GPL Version 3
# @author Volker Theile <volker.theile@openmediavault.org>
#
# OpenMediaVault is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# any later version.
#
# OpenMediaVault is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
#
# along with OpenMediaVault. If not, see <path_to_url
import openmediavault.mkrrdgraph
class Plugin(openmediavault.mkrrdgraph.IPlugin):
def create_graph(self, config):
# path_to_url#uid=33r0-0kwi++bu++hX++++rd++kX
config.update(
{
'title_uptime': 'System uptime',
'color_uptime_current': '#f17742', # orange
'color_uptime_max': '#ff1300', # red
'color_uptime_min': '#ffdb70', # yellow
'color_uptime_avg': '#76d6ff', # blue
}
)
args = []
# yapf: disable
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
# autopep8: off
args.append('{image_dir}/uptime-{period}.png'.format(**config))
args.extend(config['defaults'])
args.extend(['--start', config['start']])
args.extend(['--title', '"{title_uptime}{title_by_period}"'.format(**config)])
args.append('--slope-mode')
args.extend(['--lower-limit', '0'])
args.append('--rigid')
args.extend(['--vertical-label', 'Days'])
# Based on path_to_url
args.append('DEF:uptime_sec_avg={data_dir}/uptime/uptime.rrd:value:AVERAGE'.format(**config))
args.append('DEF:uptime_sec_max={data_dir}/uptime/uptime.rrd:value:MAX'.format(**config))
args.append('CDEF:uptime_no_unkn=uptime_sec_max,UN,0,uptime_sec_max,IF')
args.append('CDEF:uptime_peaks=uptime_no_unkn,PREV\(uptime_no_unkn\),LT,PREV\(uptime_no_unkn\),UNKN,IF')
args.append('VDEF:minimum_uptime_secs=uptime_peaks,MINIMUM')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:minimum_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,minimum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_graph=minimum_uptime_graph,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_days=minimum_uptime_days,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_hours=minimum_uptime_hours,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:min_uptime_mins=minimum_uptime_mins,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:maximum_uptime_secs=uptime_sec_max,MAXIMUM')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('CDEF:maximum_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,maximum_uptime_secs,EQ,uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR,0,IF')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_graph=maximum_uptime_graph,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_days=maximum_uptime_days,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_hours=maximum_uptime_hours,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:max_uptime_mins=maximum_uptime_mins,MAXIMUM')
args.append('VDEF:average_uptime_secs=uptime_sec_max,AVERAGE')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,/')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:average_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,POP,average_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR')
args.append('VDEF:avg_uptime_days=average_uptime_days,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:avg_uptime_hours=average_uptime_hours,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:avg_uptime_mins=average_uptime_mins,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_graph=uptime_sec_max,86400,/')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,86400,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:current_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR')
args.append('VDEF:curr_uptime_days=current_uptime_days,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:curr_uptime_hours=current_uptime_hours,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:curr_uptime_mins=current_uptime_mins,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:time=uptime_sec_max,POP,TIME')
args.append('VDEF:start=time,FIRST')
args.append('VDEF:last=time,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:time_window=uptime_sec_max,UN,0,uptime_sec_max,IF,POP,TIME')
args.append('CDEF:time_window2=PREV\(time_window\)')
args.append('VDEF:window_start=time_window,FIRST')
args.append('VDEF:window_last=time_window,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:delta=uptime_sec_max,POP,window_last,window_start,-')
args.append('CDEF:system_on_un=uptime_sec_avg,UN,UNKN,1,IF')
args.append('VDEF:total_uptime_secs=system_on_un,TOTAL')
args.append('CDEF:total_uptime_days=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,86400,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:total_uptime_hours=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,/,FLOOR')
args.append('CDEF:total_uptime_mins=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,86400,%,3600,%,60,/,FLOOR')
args.append('VDEF:tot_uptime_days=total_uptime_days,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:tot_uptime_hours=total_uptime_hours,LAST')
args.append('VDEF:tot_uptime_mins=total_uptime_mins,LAST')
args.append('CDEF:temp_perc_on=uptime_sec_max,POP,total_uptime_secs,delta,/,100,*')
args.append('VDEF:new_perc_on=temp_perc_on,LAST')
args.append('AREA:current_uptime_graph#66666640')
args.append('LINE1:current_uptime_graph{color_uptime_current}:Current'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:curr_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('LINE1:max_uptime_graph{color_uptime_max}:Maximum:dashes'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:max_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('HRULE:min_uptime_graph{color_uptime_min}:Minimum:dashes'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:min_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('LINE1:average_uptime_graph{color_uptime_avg}:Average:dashes'.format(**config))
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:avg_uptime_mins:" %T %x\l":strftime')
args.append('COMMENT:" Total "')
args.append('GPRINT:tot_uptime_days:"%5.0lf days"')
args.append('GPRINT:tot_uptime_hours:"%3.0lf hours"')
args.append('GPRINT:tot_uptime_mins:"%3.0lf mins"')
args.append('GPRINT:new_perc_on:" %3.2lf%% up\l"')
args.append('COMMENT:"{last_update}"'.format(**config))
# autopep8: on
# yapf: enable
openmediavault.mkrrdgraph.call_rrdtool_graph(args)
return 0
``` |
General William Edmeston (died 1804) was a British Army officer who owned an estate in New York State.
As a captain in the 48th Regiment of Foot, he was posted to North America in 1755 with his brother, Lieutenant Robert Edmeston, to fight in the French and Indian War.
In 1763, by royal proclamation, the brothers were each awarded 5,000 acres (20 km2) of land in the colonies for their military service. They attempted to establish their claims in what was then a disputed part of the New Hampshire Grants, now Vermont. However, in 1770 they decided to locate on the east bank of the Unadilla River in New York State just west of George Croghan's Otsego patent, in what is now the Town of Edmeston in Otsego County. They established their homes on the land, which became known as the Mount Edmeston Tracts. The transactions were facilitated by Percifer Carr, who had been a sergeant in the 48th with Edmeston and when the Edmeston brothers later returned to England, Carr would be employed as caretaker of their land.
When the American War of Independence broke out in 1775 Edmonston was arrested by the Americans and sent to Boston to be exchanged, after which he became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 48th Foot. He was captured by a French privateer in 1779, but he made his way to England the following year and spent the remainder of the war serving in Europe as a lieutenant-colonel, first with the 48th Foot but from 1782 to 1783 with the 50th Foot.
Between 1793 and 1796 he was the Colonel of the short-lived 95th Regiment of Foot and in 1802 he was appointed Colonel of the 1st Royal Veteran Battalion. He was promoted full general in 1803.
He died the following year and was buried at Hanwell, Middlesex on 3 July 1804.
References
James H. Pickering, New York in the Revolution: Cooper's Wyandotté Published in New York History, Vol. XLIX, No. 2 (April 1968)
1804 deaths
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the French and Indian War
People from Edmeston, New York
Year of birth unknown
48th Regiment of Foot officers |
The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea () is the constitution of North Korea. It was approved by the 6th Supreme People's Assembly at its first session on 27 December 1972, and has been amended and supplemented in 1998, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2019 (twice), and in 2023. It replaced the country's first constitution which was approved in 1948.
The constitution consists of seven chapters and 172 articles and codifies North Korea's basic principles on politics, economy, culture and national defense, the basic rights and duties of the country's citizens, the organization of the North Korean government and the country's national symbols.
North Korea is also governed by the Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System, which some claim have come to supersede the constitution and in practice serve as the supreme law of the country.
History
1948 Constitution
North Korea began to draft its first constitution following the convention of the South Korean Interim Legislative Assembly on 12 December 1946 which began to draft an interim constitution for South Korea and the failure to establish a unified provisional government in Korea due to the collapse of the US-Soviet Joint Commission on 21 October 1947.
In November 1947, the People's Assembly of North Korea organized a 31-member committee to enact a provisional constitution. A draft provisional constitution was presented to the People's Assembly of North Korea in February 1948, and it was decided to submit it to an "all-people discussion" that was held from 11 February until 25 April 1948.
On 10 July 1948, the People's Assembly of North Korea adopted the draft constitution as the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which was implemented by the Supreme People's Assembly throughout the Korean peninsula on 8 September 1948.
According to Andrei Lankov, the 1948 constitution was personally edited by Joseph Stalin alongside Terentii Shtykov, the head of the Soviet occupation of North Korea, in Moscow, with some of its articles being rewritten later by Soviet supervisors.
The 1948 constitution consisted of 10 chapters and 104 articles. It codified the reforms being implemented in North Korea since the establishment the Provisional People's Committee of North Korea in 1946, such as land reforms, the nationalization of industries and resources, and the provision of various freedoms and rights to Koreans.
The constitution instituted the Supreme People's Assembly as the highest government institution in North Korea with various powers such as the passing of laws and the election of the Cabinet, the Supreme Court and the Procurator General. The Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly was tasked with exercising the powers of the assembly during its recess, as well as to represent the country in its foreign relations. The Cabinet was instituted to be the highest executive institution, with its Premier being designated as head of government.
The 1948 constitution was amended five times in April 1954, October 1954, 1955, 1956 and 1962.
Socialist Constitution
North Korea began drafting the present Socialist Constitution as there was a need to set into law the expanding socialist policies and the political, economic and social changes in the country, which are no longer being reflected in the 1948 constitution.
The need for a new constitution had been discussed since the mid-1960s. In the 1970s, the creation of a new constitution was made into an urgent matter.
On 23 October 1972, a committee to draft the Socialist Constitution was organized during the 5th plenary meeting of the 5th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. Kim Il Sung said in a report during the meeting that there was a need to codify the "socialist revolution and construction" and their achievements in the constitution.
The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has been amended nine times in 1992, 1998, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016, April 2019, and August 2019.
Structure
The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea consists of a preamble and 172 articles organized into seven chapters as of 11 April 2019. The constitution is considered as unique for combining strong socialist and nationalist tendencies as well as referencing the country's Juche ideology.
Preamble
The preamble describes North Korea, which has the official name of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, as the "socialist state of Juche" that applies the ideas and achievements of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il on state construction.
Kim Il Sung is credited as the "founder of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and father of socialist Korea" who founded the Juche idea and turned North Korea into a socialist country. Kim Jong Il is credited as the "peerless patriot and defender of socialist Korea" who had kept Kim Il Sung's policies and turned North Korea into a politico-ideological power, a nuclear state and a military power through Songun politics.
Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il were described by the preamble to have always worked for the people under their motto of "the people are heaven," and are credited for making North Korea as a unique country in the world for accomplishing the tasks for building a prosperous and independent state. The preamble also praises both leaders as the "saviors of the nation" who have worked for Korean reunification, and as "veteran world statesmen" for developing North Korea's foreign relations.
The preamble states that Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il's ideas and achievements are "lasting treasures of the Korean revolution" and the basic guarantee for North Korea's prosperity, while setting up the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun as a monument to the leaders' immortality and a national symbol for Korea.
The preamble concludes by enshrining Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il as the eternal leaders of North Korea, and that the constitution would consist of their ideas and achievements which makes it the Kim Il Sung-Kim Jong Il Constitution.
Chapter 1 – Politics
Chapter 1 of the Socialist Constitution consists of 18 articles that outline the political structure of North Korea.
Article 1 states that North Korea, which has an official name of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is an independent socialist state, with Article 2 also stating it as a revolutionary state. Article 3 makes Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism as the country's guide for its activities, while Article 11 makes the Workers' Party of Korea lead all of the country's activities.
Article 4 gives the sovereignty of the country to the working people consisting of workers, peasants, soldiers and talented personnel who exercise it through their representatives in the Supreme People's Assembly and the local people's assemblies. Article 6 and 7 states that these representatives are elected by the people based on universal, equal and direct suffrage, and are responsible to them.
Article 5 states that government institutions are created and operated based on democratic centralism.
Article 8 provides a "people-centered" social system for North Korea that turns "workers into masters of everything" and "everything in society serve the workers," and tasks the state to respect and defend the people's human rights.
Article 9 provides North Korea with the task to achieve "the complete victory of socialism" in the northern half of Korea and the reunification of Korea.
Article 10 states that North Korea is based on the "political and ideological unity" of the people who are in a working class-led worker-peasant alliance, and that the people will be revolutionized and assimilated by the state into a single united society. Article 12 adds that the North Korean state will "adhere to the class line" and "defend the people's power and the socialist system" from "hostile elements" through the "dictatorship of people's democracy."
Article 13 states that North Korea will resolve the country's issues by finding solutions from the masses through the revolutionary work system, while Article 14 institutionalizes mass movements such as the Three-Revolution Red Flag movement to push socialist construction in the country.
Article 15 provides representation for overseas Koreans by North Korea, and Article 16 guarantees that the interests of foreigners within North Korea are guaranteed by the state.
Article 17 establishes the principles of independence, peace and friendship as the basis for North Korea's foreign relations, and declares that the country will support foreign struggles for independence and liberation.
Article 18 states that the laws of North Korea are the "reflection of the wishes and interests" of the people, and that it should be observed by every institution, enterprise, organization and person in the country. The state is tasked with perfecting the socialist law system and strengthening the socialist law-abiding life.
Chapter 2 – Economy
Chapter 2 of the Socialist Constitution consists of 19 articles that outline the economic structure of North Korea.
Article 19 states that North Korea relies on the socialist relations of production and the foundation of an independent national economy.
Articles 20 to 23 states that the means of production are owned by the state and social cooperatives, and lists provisions for state and social cooperative properties.
Article 24 allows for citizens to have private property, which the state shall protect and guarantee its inheritance.
Article 25 states that North Korea shall continually increase the living standards of its people who shall be provided by the state with food, clothing and housing.
Article 26 states that North Korea has an independent national economy in which Article 27 states that science and technology will have a leading role.
Article 30 provides for an eight-hour work day for workers which the state will fully utilize, while Article 31 prohibits work for those who are below 16 years old.
Article 33 states that the North Korean economy will be managed by the producer masses under the Cabinet based on the "socialist system of responsible business management" and on economic levers such as cost, price and profit.
Article 34 states that North Korea has a planned economy which the state shall develop based on socialist principles. Article 35 provides a requirement for a state budget based on North Korea's plans for economic development.
Article 36 states that foreign trade in North Korea is conducted by state institutions, state enterprises and social cooperatives with the objective of maintaining credibility in foreign trade, improving trade structure and developing trade relations with foreign countries. Article 37 encourages joint ventures with foreign corporations and individuals and the creation of businesses in special economic zones. Article 38 establishes a tariff policy to protect the North Korean economy.
Chapter 3 – Culture
Chapter 3 of the Socialist Constitution consists of 18 articles that outline the cultural structure of North Korea.
Article 39 states that North Korea has a socialist culture, which in Article 40 states to be training the people into builders of socialism. Article 41 provides that this socialist culture is popular and revolutionary.
Article 44 provides for public education, cadre training, technological education and education in work. Article 45 provides for a universal compulsory 12-year education, with Article 46 providing scientific and technical training. Articles 47, 48 and 49 provides for free education, allowances for university and college students, social education, conditions for study to all workers and nurseries and kindergartens for preschool children from the state.
Articles 50 and 51 emphasizes that North Korea should develop its science and technology.
Article 52 states that North Korea has a Juche-oriented, revolutionary art and literature that has nationalist form and socialist content that allows for the production of ideological and artistic works and the broad participation of the masses in literary and artistic activities.
Article 53 requires the state to provide cultural facilities for the people for their mental and physical improvement.
Article 54 requires the state to protect and develop the national language.
Article 55 requires the state to prepare the people for work and national defense through sports. Article 56 provides the people with access to free healthcare to protect their health, while Article 57 provides them with access to hygienic living and working conditions through environmental protection efforts by the state.
Chapter 4 – National Defense
Chapter 4 of the Socialist Constitution consists of four articles that outline the national defense structure of North Korea.
Article 58 states that North Korea has an all-people and nationwide national defense system.
Article 59 lists the mission of the North Korean armed forces as to defend the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea headed by Kim Jong Un, as well as the interests of the working people, the socialist system, the gains of the revolution and the freedom, peace and independence of the country from foreign aggression.
Article 60 states that North Korea's defense is based on the line of self-reliant defense, with Article 61 requires the state to establish a revolutionary command system and military climate, strengthen military discipline and maintain military traditions.
Chapter 5 – Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens
Chapter 5 of the Socialist Constitution consists of 24 articles that list the rights and duties of citizens(gongmin) in North Korea.
Article 62 states that North Korean citizenship is regulated by a nationality law.
Article 63 states that the rights and duties of North Korean citizens are based on the collectivist principle of "one for all and all for one", with Article 64 guaranteeing the rights and well-being of citizens as well as expanding their rights and freedom based on the consolidation and development of the socialist system.
Article 65 provides that all North Korean citizens have equal rights. Citizens have the right to elect and be elected (Article 66), freedom of speech, the press, assembly, demonstration and association (Article 67), freedom of religious belief (Article 68), right to submit complaints and petitions (Article 69), right to work (Article 70), right to relaxation (Article 71), right to free medical care (Article 72), right to free education (Article 73), freedom in scientific, literary and artistic pursuits (Article 74), freedom of residence and travel (Article 75) and inviolability of the person and home and privacy of correspondence (Article 79).
Article 76 provides special protection from the state and society to revolutionary fighters, families of revolutionary and patriotic martyrs, families of Korean People's Army soldiers and disabled soldiers.
Article 77 provides women with the same social status and rights as men, as well as special protection for mothers and children.
Article 78 provides state protection for marriages and families.
Article 80 provides foreigners fighting for peace, democracy, independence, socialism and freedom of scientific and cultural pursuits with the right to seek asylum in North Korea.
Citizens have the duty to defend "the political and ideological unity and solidarity of the people" and to work for the good of society and the people (Article 81), observe state laws and the socialist standards of life and defend the honour and dignity of being North Korean citizens (Article 82), participate in work and observe work discipline and working hours (Article 83), take care of state and social cooperative properties and manage the national economy (Article 84), increase their revolutionary vigilance and fight for state security (Article 85) and to defend the country and serve in the armed forces (Article 86).
Chapter 6 – State Organization
Chapter 6 of the Socialist Constitution consists of 80 articles organized into eight sections that outline the organization of the government of North Korea.
Section 1 describes the Supreme People's Assembly as the highest institution of state power that exercises legislative power. It consists of deputies elected through universal, equal and direct suffrage through secret ballot for a five-year term. It has the power to amend the constitution, adopt or amend laws, elect or recall the President of the State Affairs Commission, the members of the State Affairs Commission, the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, the members of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, the Premier, the members of the Cabinet, the Prosecutor General of the Central Public Prosecutors Office, the President and Chief Justice of the Central Court, approve the state plan for national economic development, approve the state budget, and ratify or annul treaties presented to it.
Section 2 describes the President of the SAC-DPRK as the supreme leader of the country, as well as the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President directs overall state affairs, guides the work of the State Affairs Commission, appoint or remove important state officials, ratify or rescind major treaties with foreign countries, grant special pardons, proclaim a state of emergency, a state of war and mobilization order, organize the National Defense Committee in wartime, and issue orders.
Section 3 describes the State Affairs Commission as the supreme policy-oriented leadership institution consisting of the President, vice-president and members. The commission decides on important state policies, issue decisions and directives, and supervise the fulfillment of the orders of the president of the Commission and the SAC decisions and directives.
Section 4 describes the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly as the highest institution of state power when the Supreme People's Assembly is in recess. The SC-SPA consists of the Chairman of the Standing Committee, vice-chairmen of the committee and members and has the power to exercise legislative power, convene the Supreme People's Assembly, interpret the constitution, supervise the observance of the laws, organize elections, appoint or remove members of the Cabinet and judges and people's assessors of the Central Court, approve or nullify treaties, decide on the appointment and recall of diplomatic representatives to the Republic, institute and confer decorations, medals and honors in the name of the Republic and grant general amnesty. The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the SPA is tasked to receive the credentials and letters of recall of foreign diplomatic representatives to the Republic upon full consent of the office of the presidency of the SAC.
Section 5 describes the Cabinet as the administrative and executive institutions of state power responsible for overall state management. It is headed by the Premier, and consists of vice-premiers, chairmen, ministers and other required members. It is responsible for implementing state policies, drafting the state plan for national economic development and compiling the state budget.
Section 6 describes the local people's assemblies as the local organs of state power in provinces, municipalities, cities, district and counties, while Section 7 describes the local people's committees as local organs of state power when the local people's assemblies are not in session and as local administrative and executive institutions of state power.
Section 8 provides the power of investigation and prosecution to public prosecutors offices under the Central Public Prosecutors Office, and the judicial power to the courts under the Central Court.
Chapter 7 – Emblem, Flag, Anthem and Capital
Chapter 7 of the Socialist Constitution consists of four articles that designate the national symbols of North Korea.
Article 169 provides descriptions for the national emblem, while Article 170 provides descriptions for the national flag.
Article 171 states that Aegukka as the national anthem.
Article 172 states that Pyongyang is the national capital.
Amendments
According to Chapter 6, Section 1, Article 97 of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the constitution can be amended through the approval of more than two-thirds of the total number of deputies in the Supreme People's Assembly.
Since its adoption in 1972, the Socialist Constitution has been amended eight times in 1992, 1998, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016 and 2019. Amendments to the North Korean constitution are usually considered as an entirely new constitution due to the extent of the changes made to the original document.
1992 amendment
The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was first amended at the 3rd session of the 9th Supreme People's Assembly on 9 April 1992.
The amendment solidified Kim Jong Il's position as the successor to Kim Il Sung by making the National Defence Commission a separate institution from the Central People's Committee. It also no longer made the President the supreme commander of the armed forces and the chairman of the National Defense Commission. This made the chairman of the National Defense Commission the highest military authority. These provisions allowed for Kim Jong Il to assume the positions of supreme commander of the Korean People's Army on 24 December 1991 and chairman of the National Defense Commission on 9 April 1993.
The amendment's introduction was also a response to the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It removed mentions of Marxism–Leninism in the constitution, and constitutionalized the philosophical principle of Juche with the Workers' Party of Korea being stated to have a leading role in the country's activities. It also removed the foreign policy clause of international cooperation with socialist states and adopted independence, peace and solidarity as the basis for North Korea's foreign policy.
The amendment hinted at co-existence between North Korea and South Korea by changing its stance of revolutionary unification into peaceful unification.
The amendment also introduced economic provisions aimed at emphasizing an independent national economy and developing science and technology. It also introduced provisions for joint ventures between the country's institutions, enterprises and organizations and foreign corporations and individuals.
The amendment revised the national emblem to include Mount Paektu, and recognized Aegukka as the national anthem.
1998 amendment
The Socialist Constitution was amended for the second time at the 1st session of the 10th Supreme People's Assembly on 5 September 1998.
The amendment was approved to introduce changes to North Korea's government system following the death of Kim Il-Sung in 1994.
The amendment included a preamble that enshrined Kim Il Sung as the eternal President and named the constitution as the "Kim Il-sung Constitution" that is based on the former leader's ideas and achievements. It also abolished the office of the President and the Central People's Committee with the President's powers as head of state being transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (with the President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly being designated as head of state) while the President's powers on state administration being transferred to the Cabinet.
The amendment expanded the authority of the National Defense Commission to include general control of national defense.
The amendment also attempted to address North Korea's economic difficulties by introducing provisions on the reduction of objects that can be owned by the state, the expansion of social cooperative properties and private properties, the legalization of citizens earning income through legal economic activities, the recognition of cost, price and profit as basis of economic management, and the establishment of special economic zones.
2009 amendment
The Socialist Constitution was amended for the third time at the 1st session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly on 9 April 2009.
The amendment was seen as an attempt to cement Kim Jong Il's position as concerns were raised following his suffering of a stroke in August 2008. It designated the chairman of the National Defense Commission as the supreme leader of North Korea and was expanded his powers to guide overall state affairs. It also designated the military to defend the "headquarters of the revolution".
The amendment removed any mention of communism in the constitution and recognized North Korea as a socialist state that is also guided by Kim Jong Il's policy of Songun alongside Juche.
2010 amendment
The Socialist Constitution was amended for the fourth time at the 2nd session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly on 9 April 2010.
The amendment renamed the Central Court as the Supreme Court and the Central Public Prosecutors Office as the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office.
2012 amendment
The Socialist Constitution was amended for the fifth time at the 5th session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly on 13 April 2012. The amendment was approved to introduce changes to North Korea's government system following the death of Kim Jong-il in 2011.
The preamble was revised to include Kim Jong Il, who was credited with defending Kim Il Sung's policies and turned North Korea into a politico-ideological power, a nuclear state and a military power through Songun politics. It enshrined Kim Jong Il as the eternal Chairman of the National Defense Commission and also recognized that his ideas and achievements were also the basis for the constitution which is now known as the Kim Il Sung-Kim Jong Il Constitution.
The position of Chairman of the National Defense Commission was replaced with the First Chairman of the National Defense Commission.
2013 amendment
The Socialist Constitution was amended for the sixth time at the 7th session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly on 1 April 2013.
The preamble was revised to include the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, which has been designated as a monument to the immortality of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il and a national symbol for Korea.
Compulsory education was revised from 10 years to 12 years following the approval of the law on extending North Korea's compulsory education at the 6th session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly on 25 September 2012.
2016 amendment
The Socialist Constitution was amended for the seventh time at the 4th session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly on 29 June 2016.
The preamble was revised to enshrine Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il as the eternal leaders of Juche Korea.
The First Chairman of the National Defense Commission was replaced with the President of the State Affairs Commission, while the National Defense Commission was replaced with the State Affairs Commission which is designated as the supreme policy-oriented leadership body of the Republic, with its duties now expanded to cover other matters of national concern, making it a de facto successor to the Central People's Committee.
The Supreme Court was renamed as the Central Court, while the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office was renamed as the Central Public Prosecutors Office.
2019 amendments
The Socialist Constitution was amended for the eighth and ninth times, respectively, at the 1st and 2nd plenary sessions of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly on 11 April and 29 August 2019.
The President of the State Affairs Commission was designated as the head of state, cannot stand as a candidate for election as a deputy to the SPA, and is elected and relieved by a majority vote in its plenary sessions. The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly is still tasked to receive the credentials and letters of recall of foreign diplomatic representatives to the Republic, with the President of the SAC now having the responsibility to appoint and relieve these diplomats. The orders of the President of the SAC were made superior to the ordinances of the Supreme People's Assembly save for more important ordinances which the President may now enact, alongside the decrees and decisions made by the State Affairs Commission.
National defense is no longer emphasized on the role of the State Affairs Commission.
Intellectuals are no longer referred in Korean as 근로인테리 kŭllo int'eri (or working intellectuals) but as 지식인 chisigin (or talented personnel).
The Chongsanri spirit and the Chongsanri method were replaced with the revolutionary work method as the principle for North Korea's activities.
The Cabinet is given a leading role in economic management.
The Taean work system of economic management is replaced with the socialist system of responsible business operation.
Provisions on foreign trade were expanded to include the maintenance of foreign trade credibility, the improvement of trade structure and the expansion of foreign trade relations.
The defense of the Party Central Committee headed by Kim Jong Un was included in the mission of the Korean People's Army and its reserve organizations.
2023 amendment
In September 2023, the SAC unanimously adopted a new amendment to enshrine the country's ongoing nuclear program into its constitution, citing the program and right as a deterrent against United States provocation.
See also
Charter of the Workers' Party of Korea
Law of North Korea
National symbols of North Korea
Socialist law
Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System
References
Works cited
Further reading
Original texts
1972:
1998:
2009:
2013:
2016:
External links
PDF booklet of the 2016 Constitution
Text of the Latest Constitution at Naenara
Text of the 2009 Constitution
Law of North Korea
North Korea
Socialism in North Korea |
Lady Antonia Margaret Caroline Fraser, ( Pakenham; born 27 August 1932) is a British author of history, novels, biographies and detective fiction. She is the widow of the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature, Harold Pinter (1930–2008), and prior to his death was also known as Lady Antonia Pinter.
Family background and education
Fraser is the first-born of the eight children of The 7th Earl of Longford (1905–2001) and his wife, Elizabeth, Countess of Longford, née Elizabeth Harman (1906–2002). As the daughter of an earl, she is accorded the courtesy title "Lady" and thus customarily addressed formally as "Lady Antonia".
As a teenager, she and her siblings converted to Catholicism, following the conversions of their parents. Her "maternal grandparents were Unitarians – a non-conformist faith with a strong emphasis on social reform". In response to criticism of her writing about Oliver Cromwell, she has said, "I have no Catholic blood". Before his own conversion in his thirties following a nervous breakdown in the Army, as she explains: "My father was Protestant Church of Ireland, and my mother was Unitarian up to the age of 20 when she abandoned it."
She was educated at the Dragon School in Oxford, St Mary's School, Ascot, and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford; the last was also her mother's alma mater. Prior to going to Oxford in 1950, she was a debutante in the London social season.
Career
Fraser began work as an "all-purpose assistant" for George Weidenfeld at Weidenfeld & Nicolson (her "only job"), which later became her own publisher and part of Orion Publishing Group, which publishes her works in the UK.
Her first major work, published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, was Mary, Queen of Scots (1969), which was followed by several other biographies, including Cromwell, Our Chief of Men (1973). Fraser won the Wolfson History Award in 1984 for The Weaker Vessel, a study of women's lives in 17th-century England. From 1988 to 1989, she was president of English PEN, and she chaired its Writers in Prison Committee.
She also has written detective novels, the most popular involving a character named Jemima Shore, and they were adapted into the television series Jemima Shore Investigates, which aired in the UK in 1983.
From 1983 to 1984, she was president of Edinburgh's Sir Walter Scott Club.
Fraser's study, The Warrior Queens (1989), is an account of military royal women since the days of Boadicea and Cleopatra. In 1992, a year after Alison Weir's book The Six Wives of Henry VIII, she published a book with the same title.
She chronicled the life and times of Charles II in a well-reviewed 1979 eponymous biography. The book was cited as an influence on the 2003 BBC/A&E mini-series, Charles II: The Power & the Passion, in a featurette on the DVD, by Rufus Sewell who played the title character. Fraser served as editor for many monarchical biographies, including those featured in the Kings and Queens of England and Royal History of England series, and, in 1996, she also published a book entitled The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605, which won both the St. Louis Literary Award and the Crime Writers' Association (CWA) Non-Fiction Gold Dagger.
Her biography, Marie Antoinette: The Journey (2001, 2002), was adapted for the film Marie Antoinette (2006), directed by Sofia Coppola, with Kirsten Dunst in the title role, and Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King (2006).
Related experience
Fraser was a contestant on the BBC Radio 4 panel game My Word! from 1979 to 1990.
She serves as a judge for the Enid McLeod Literary Prize, awarded by the Franco-British Society, previously winning that prize for her biography Marie Antoinette (2001).
Lady Antonia Fraser is a Vice-President of The London Library.
Memoir
Fraser's memoir Must You Go? My Life with Harold Pinter was published in January 2010 and she read a shortened version as BBC Radio Four's Book of the Week that month.
At the Cheltenham Literary Festival on 17 October 2010, Lady Antonia announced that her next work would be on the subject of the Great Reform Bill 1832. She is no longer planning a biography of Queen Elizabeth I, as this subject has already been extensively covered.
Perspective and criticism
Fraser acknowledges she is "less interested in ideas than in 'the people who led nations' and so on. I don't think I could ever have written a history of political thought or anything like that. I'd have to come at it another way."
Marriages and later life
From 1956 until their divorce in 1977, she was married to Sir Hugh Fraser (1918–1984), a descendant of Scottish aristocracy 14 years her senior and a Roman Catholic Conservative Unionist MP in the House of Commons (sitting for Stafford), who was a friend of the American Kennedy family. They had six children: three sons, Benjamin, Damian, and Orlando; and three daughters, Rebecca Fraser, wife of barrister Edward Fitzgerald, QC, Flora Fraser and Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni. All three daughters are writers and biographers. Benjamin Fraser works for JPMorgan, Damian Fraser is the managing director of the investment banking firm UBS AG (formerly S.G. Warburg) in Mexico, and Orlando Fraser is a barrister specializing in commercial law (Wroe). Antonia Fraser has 18 grandchildren.
On 22 October 1975, Hugh and Antonia Fraser, together with Caroline Kennedy, who was visiting them at their Holland Park home, in Kensington, west London, were almost blown up by an IRA car bomb placed under the wheels of his Jaguar, which had been triggered to go off at 9 am when he left the house; the bomb exploded, killing the cancer researcher, Gordon Hamilton Fairley. Fairley, a neighbour of the Frasers, had been walking his dog, when he noticed something amiss and stopped to examine the bomb.
In 1975, she began an affair with playwright Harold Pinter, who was then married to the actress Vivien Merchant. In 1977, after she had been living with Pinter for two years, the Frasers' union was legally dissolved. Merchant spoke about her distress publicly to the press, which quoted her cutting remarks about her rival, but she resisted divorcing Pinter. In 1980, after Merchant signed divorce papers, Fraser and Pinter married. After the deaths of both their spouses, Fraser and Pinter were married by a Jesuit priest, Fr. Michael Campbell-Johnson, in the Roman Catholic Church. Harold Pinter died from cancer on 24 December 2008, aged 78.
Lady Antonia Fraser lives at Campden Hill Square, in the London district of Holland Park, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, south of Notting Hill Gate, in the Fraser family home, where she still writes in her fourth-floor study.
Lady Antonia Fraser is a Vice-President of the Royal Stuart Society.
Honours
Fraser was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1999 Birthday Honours and promoted to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to literature. She was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to literature.
The Lady Antonia Fraser Archive in the British Library
Lady Antonia Fraser's uncatalogued papers (relating to her "Early Writing", "Fiction", and "Non-Fiction") are on loan at the British Library. Papers by and relating to Lady Antonia Fraser are also catalogued as part of the Harold Pinter Archive, which is part of its permanent collection of Additional Manuscripts.
Awards
James Tait Black Memorial Prize (1969), for her book Mary, Queen of Scots.
Wolfson History Prize (1984), for her book The Weaker Vessel.
Crime Writers' Association Macallan Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction (1996), for her book The Gunpowder Plot.
St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates.
Historical Association Norton Medlicott Medal (2000).
Enid McLeod Literary Prize (2001), from the Franco-British Society, for Marie Antoinette.
Works
Non-fiction works
Mary Queen of Scots (1969). .
Reissued, Phoenix paperback, 2001; .
40th-anniversary edition, reissued Orion paperback, 7 May 2009; .
Dolls (1963)
A History of Toys (1966)
Cromwell, Our Chief of Men (1973);
Also published as Cromwell: The Lord Protector. .
King James VI and I (1974)
The Lives of the Kings and Queens of England (1975) [editor]
King Charles II (1979)
Also published as Royal Charles: Charles II and the Restoration and Charles II; .
Heroes and Heroines (1980)
The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-century England (1984)
The Warrior Queens: Boadicea's Chariot (1988), Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
Also published as Warrior Queens: The Legends and Lives of Women Who have led Their Nations in War.
The Six Wives of Henry VIII (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1996); Orion, 1999, .
Rpt. & updated edition, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007.
Also published as the Orion audio-book The Six Wives of Henry VIII (November 2006); .
The first paperback edition is The Six Wives of Henry VIII (London: Mandarin, 1993); .
The 1st American edition is entitled The Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Knopf, 1992; .
The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605 (1996)
Also published as Faith and Treason: The Gunpowder Plot; .
Marie Antoinette (2001);
Also published with the subtitle Marie Antoinette: The Journey, (2002); .
Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King (2006); .
Must You Go? My Life with Harold Pinter (2010), London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson (Orion Books); .
1st U.S. edition, New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday; .
1st paperback edition London: Phoenix, 2010;
Also published in audio & digital editions) - "Shortlisted for Galaxy National Book Awards: Non-Fiction Book of the Year 2010."
Perilous Question: The Drama of the Great Reform Bill 1832 (2013);
My History. A Memoir of Growing Up (2015), New York: Doubleday.
Our Israeli Diary: Of That Time, Of That Place (2017);
The King and the Catholics: The Fight for Rights, 1829 (2018);
The Case of the Married Woman: Caroline Norton: A 19th Century Heroine Who Wanted Justice for Women (2021);
Caroline Lamb: A Free Spirit (2023);
Historical fiction
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table (1954)
Robin Hood (1955)
Jemima Shore novels
Quiet as a Nun (1977)
The Wild Island (1978). Also published as Tartan Tragedy.
A Splash of Red (1981)
Cool Repentance (1982)
Oxford Blood (1985)
Jemima Shore's First Case (1986)
Your Royal Hostage (1987)
The Cavalier Case (1990)
Jemima Shore at the Sunny Grave (1991)
Political Death (1995)
Quiet as a Nun / Tartan Tragedy / Splash of Red (omnibus) (2005)
Jemima Shore on the Case (omnibus) (2006)
Editor
Scottish Love Poems (1975)
The Lives of the Kings and Queens of England (1975)
Love Letters (1976)
The Pleasure of Reading (1992)
A Red Rose or A Satin Heart (2010)
See also
Earl of Longford
Notes
Further reading
Biographies and profiles
Gussow, Mel. "The Lady Is a Writer". The New York Times Magazine, 9 September 1984.
"Our President in 1983/84 was: Lady Antonia Fraser" bio at Edinburgh Sir Walter Scott Club.
Snowman, Daniel. "Lady Antonia Fraser". History Today 50.10 (October 2000): 26–28.
Wroe, Nicholas. "Profile: The History Woman", The Guardian, 24 August 2002.
Interviews and articles
Dougary, Ginny. "Lady Antonia Fraser's Life Less Ordinary: In a Frank Interview, the Famed Writer Talks about Motherhood, Catholicism, Her Parents and Soulmate Harold Pinter". The Times, 5 July 2008.
"Interviews: Antonia Fraser Peers into the Heart of Louis XIV". National Public Radio, Weekend Edition Saturday, 11 November 2006.
Leith, Sam. "Literary Lazing". The Daily Telegraph, 10 July 2007.
Talese, Nan A. Interview with Antonia Fraser. Random House Books, 2001.
Weinberg, Kate. "Culture Clinic: Lady Antonia Fraser". The Daily Telegraph. 15 Mar. 2008.
External links
AntoniaFraser.com – Official website of Antonia Fraser.
"Antonia Fraser" – Author webpage at Orion Publishing Group (UK publisher)
"Antonia Fraser" – Author webpage at Random House (US publisher)
Antonia Fraser – Client page at Curtis Brown Literary and Talent Agency
"Antonia's Choice" – In Desert Island Discs on BBC Radio 4 (first broadcast 27 July 2008)
Must You Go? extract – "First Night" (Chapter One), Galaxy National Book Awards (Phoenix edn)
Translated Penguin Book – at Penguin First Editions reference site of early first edition Penguin Books.
1932 births
Living people
Antonia
20th-century English biographers
20th-century English historians
20th-century English novelists
20th-century English women writers
21st-century English biographers
21st-century English historians
21st-century English memoirists
21st-century English novelists
21st-century English women writers
Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
British debutantes
British women historians
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
English Roman Catholics
English women novelists
Fellows of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Harold Pinter
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
Members of the Detection Club
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
People educated at St Mary's School, Ascot
People educated at The Dragon School
Wives of knights
British women biographers
Women historical novelists
Women mystery writers
Writers from London
Fraser, Lady Antonia
Presidents of the English Centre of PEN |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE INC. AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE INC. OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
* ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#pragma once
#include "OrdinalNumber.h"
namespace WTF {
// TextPosition structure specifies coordinates within an text resource. It is used mostly
// for saving script source position.
class TextPosition {
public:
TextPosition(OrdinalNumber line, OrdinalNumber column)
: m_line(line)
, m_column(column)
{
}
TextPosition() { }
bool operator==(const TextPosition& other) { return m_line == other.m_line && m_column == other.m_column; }
bool operator!=(const TextPosition& other) { return !((*this) == other); }
// A value with line value less than a minimum; used as an impossible position.
static TextPosition belowRangePosition() { return TextPosition(OrdinalNumber::beforeFirst(), OrdinalNumber::beforeFirst()); }
OrdinalNumber m_line;
OrdinalNumber m_column;
};
}
using WTF::TextPosition;
``` |
Władysław Ślewiński (1 June 1856, in Nowy Białynin – 24 March 1918, in Paris) was a Polish painter. He was one of Gauguin's students and a leading artist of the Young Poland movement.
Biography
He was born to a landowning family and his mother died in childbirth. His cousin, the painter Józef Chełmoński, noticed his artistic talent and advised his father to enroll him at the drawing school operated by Wojciech Gerson. His father resisted at first, but finally agreed.
In 1886, he inherited his family's properties in Pilaszkowice Pierwsze, which soon led to his financial ruin. Two years later, hounded by Russian tax collectors, he fled to Paris, where he first decided to take up painting as a career. From 1888 to 1890, he studied at the Académie Colarossi and the Académie Julian.
In 1889 he made friends with Paul Gauguin and became associated with the School of Pont-Aven; spending most of his time at Le Pouldu in Brittany. He was an exhibitor at the Salon des Indépendants in 1895 and 1896.
From 1905 to 1910, he was back in Poland, serving briefly as a Professor at the Warsaw School of Fine Arts and opening his own art school. In 1910, he returned to France. He died in the Hôpital Cochin and was buried in Bagneux.
Philosophy
Ślewiński's philosophy of art seems to stem from an excerpted statement of his about Gauguin: "He is so much an artist that he has to be wholly accepted or else rejected. I can feel him and accept him totally, for he suits my ideas of art and beauty". Beginning with his early works, he simplified forms and painted in flat areas. He encircled areas with contours, though he sometimes blended color into color. While he sometimes verged on abstraction, his lighting never departed completely from direct observation of nature. His approach to so-called subjective color was similar, as can be seen in some of the landscapes from the Tatra Mountains.
Perhaps more important for Ślewiński than the selective application of synthetism was his search – inspired by Gauguin – for simplicity and sincerity in places untouched by modern civilization as well as in objects of daily use. In his art, Ślewiński concentrated on the object, infusing its materiality with the reflective sensitivity of a painter. The form and color determined the painting's atmosphere. The artist used mainly earth colors, sometimes enlivened with stronger accents. He employed a repertoire of forms with curving contours, and painted without a drawn sketch, as was characteristic of the epoch.
References
External links
More paintings @ Pinakoteka
Władysław Ślewiński website
The Peak of Artistry: Painters from Zakopane and the Tatra Mountains
1854 births
1918 deaths
19th-century Polish painters
19th-century Polish male artists
20th-century Polish painters
20th-century Polish male artists
Pont-Aven painters
Artists from Congress Poland
painters from the Russian Empire
Emigrants from Congress Poland to France
People from Sochaczew County
Académie Julian alumni
Académie Colarossi alumni
Polish male painters |
The 2015 King Cup Final was the final match of the 2015 King Cup, the 40th season of Saudi's main football cup, and the 8th season under the current Kings Cup title. It was played at the King Abdullah Sports City in Jeddah on 5 June 2015, between Al-Hilal and Al-Nassr.
Both teams were already qualified to 2016 AFC Champions League group stage, from their 2014–15 Pro League positions, Al-Hilal finishing third in the league and Al-Nassr won the league championship.
Al-Nassr took the lead early in the first half of the extra time through Mohammed Al Sahlawi, but the defender Mohammed Jahfali equalised for Al-Hilal in the last minute of the match to take the game to Penalty shoot-out, which they won 7–6 after Shaya Sharahili missed. Al-Hilal have won the first title in the current edition and the 7th title in total.
Venue
The King Abdullah Sports City was announced as the venue for the final on 24 May 2015. This was the second King Cup final hosted in King Abdullah Sports City in a row.
King Abdullah Sports City Stadium, or The Jewel stadium (Arabic:ملعب الجوهرة) was built in 2012-2014, 560 million $ for its Construction cost.
Opened on 1 May 2014 which the first match has hosted at the stadium was 2014 King Cup Final, between Al-Ahli and Al Shabab, some sources say that the attendance of the match was 84,115 (Record).
The official Capacity of King Abdullah Sports City Stadium is 60,241 seats.
Rules
The final was played in one leg basis. If they could still not be separated then extra time would have been played with a penalty shootout, if the teams still level after that then taking place.
Road to the final
Al-Hilal
Al-Hilal, of Pro League, began the tournament in the last 32, hosting 1st Division team Al-Jeel at King Fahad Stadium on 10 March 2015. Al-Dabbas opened the scoring for the guests while Neves equalised in added time at half time. After Digão scored second goal, Neves extended Al-Hilal's lead, and the substitute Samaras scored the last goal to conclude a 4–1 winning.
In the last 16 thirty five days later, the club faced top-flight club Hajer at King Fahad Stadium on 14 April 2015. After Al-Arfej took the lead for the guests, Neves equalised for the hosts then Al-Shamrani scored from a penalty in addition to Salman Al-Faraj's first Al-Hilal goal in King Cup for a 3–1 lead at half time. In the second half, the hosts extended their lead by Neves goal and S.Al-Dawsari in addition the substitute Al Abed's goal. They won 6–1.
In the quarter-finals on 1 May 2015, Al-Hilal travelled to the King Salman Sport City Stadium and defeated Al-Faisaly 3–1. After the three goals hat-trick by Al-Shamrani, Ashraf Nu'man netted a consolation goal for Al-Faisaly from a penalty kick.
thirty days later on 31 May 2015, Al-Hilal hosted top-flight opposition Al-Ittihad in the semi-final, which is called El Clasico. Digão opened the score for the hosts and Al-Muwallad equalising nine minutes before half time for the guests from a penalty kick. In second half Al-Hilal scored three goals to reach the final by, Digão and Neves from a penalty kick and the Korean defender Kwak from a corner kick to conclude a 4–1 winning.
Al-Nassr
Al-Nassr, also of Saudi Professional League, entered the competition in the last 32 against first Division club Al-Wehda on 10 March 2015. They won 2–1 away after Over time. In the last 16 on 30 April 2015, Al-Nassr played away match with top-flight club Najran, and they won 4–2. After 22 days on 22 May 2015, they hosted the match of the quarter-finals at King Fahad Stadium against Al-Batin. The match end with 1–0 winning, scored by Adrian.
On 30 May 2015 eight days later in the semi-final. Al-Nassr played with Al-Taawon in the home and they won 2–1, Al-Nassr's goals scored by Al-Sahlawi and Fabián, while Nayef Al-Mosa scored for Al-Taawon fourteen minutes before the end of the match.
Pre-match
Background
Al-Hilal was played the 14th final, and 2nd with current edition. They had won six, their most recent final was in 2010, losing 4–5 on Penalties after a 0–0 draw to Al-Ittihad, and their last victory was in 1989, defeating Al-Nassr 3–0. It was Al-Nassr's 12th final, and 2nd with current edition. They had won six, most recently was a 1–4 loss in 2012 against Al-Ahli, and their last victory was in 1990, defeating Al-Taawon 2–0.
The two teams have met in a final three times, Al-Hilal won once (1989), and Al-Nassr won twice (1981, 1987).
Ticketing
Tickets were available in three price categories: 35 Riyals, 1,000 Riyals, and 1500 Riyals. 50% of the stadium were belongs to the Al-Hlial's fans and others were belong to Al-Nassr's fans, which means 27,000 for each the two finalist clubs. The rest of 6,000 tickets are allocated to sponsors, officials, etc.
Match
References
Kings Cup (Saudi Arabia) finals
2014–15 in Saudi Arabian football
Sport in Jeddah
Al Hilal SFC matches
Al Nassr FC matches
King Cup Final 2015 |
Pomaderris cinerea is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is a shrub or small tree with hairy branches, elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, and panicles of pale yellow flowers.
Description
Pomaderris cinerea is a shrub or tree that typically grows to a height of , its branches ribbed and covered with woolly, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are more or less elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide, the upper surface with velvety hairs and the lower surface densely covered with star-shaped hairs. The flowers are borne in narrow panicles and lack petals. Flowering occurs in summer and the fruit is a hairy capsule.
Taxonomy
Pomaderris cinerea was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis from specimens collected by Ferdinand von Mueller on Mount Imlay and at Twofold Bay. The specific epithet (cinerea) means "ash-covered or grey".
Distribution and habitat
This pomaderris grows in forest or near rainforest on near-coastal ranges from near Moruya to Bega in the far south-east of New South Wales.
References
Flora of New South Wales
cinerea
Taxa named by George Bentham
Plants described in 1863 |
This article serves as an index - as complete as possible - of all the honorific orders or similar decorations received by the Terengganu Royal Family, classified by continent, awarding country and recipient.
The Sultan of Terengganu and members of the Sultan's family have received many honours from different states of Malaysia and from other nations.
Sultanate of Terengganu
They have been awarded:
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu :
Grand Master and recipient of the Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu (DKT, since 15 May 1998)
Founding Grand Master and recipient of the Royal Family Order of Terengganu (DKR, 6 July 2000)
First Class (DK I, 9 March 1981) and Grand Master (since 15 May 1998) of the Family Order of Terengganu
Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu :
Founding Grand Master and Knight Grand Companion (SSMZ, 6 July 2001)
Funding Supreme class (SUMZ, 26.5.2005)
Member Grand Companion (SSMT, 12 Feb. 1989) and Grand Master (since 15 May 1998) of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu
Knight Grand Commander (SPMT, 6 March 1982) and Grand Master (since 15 May 1998) of the Order of the Crown of Terengganu
Sultanah Nur Zahirah :
First Class of the Family Order of Terengganu (DK I, 16.1.1999)
Knight Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (SSMZ, 6.7.2001)
Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT, 9.7.1998)
Tengku Muhammad Ismail, Heir Apparent :
Member of the Royal Family Order of Terengganu (DKR, 14.12.2011)
First Class of the Family Order of Terengganu (DK I,12.12.2006)
Knight Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (SSMZ)
Y.T.M. Tengku Dato’ Mustafa Kamil, Tengku Sri Bendahara Raja (Sultan's 1st younger brother) :
Second Class (DK II)
Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT, 29.4.1991)
Y.T.M. Tengku Dato’ Sri Badr ul-Zaman, Tengku Sri Panglima Raja (Sultan's 2nd younger brother) :
Second Class (DK II)
Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT)
Y.A.M. Tengku Dato’ Badr ul-Hisham [Bahar ud-din], Tengku Sri Temenggong Raja (Sultan's 3rd younger brother) :
Second Class (DK II)
Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT)
Y.A.M. Dato’ Hajjah Tengku Amira Zahara Farah Qurashiyah , Tengku Kamala Putri (Sultan's elder sister) :
Second Class (DK II)
Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT)
Y.A.M. Tengku Nur Rohana Fathia Putri [Tengku Ana] (Sultan's 1st younger sister) :
Second Class (DK II)
Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT)
Y.A.M. Tengku Dato’ Rahima Putri (Sultan's 2nd younger sister) :
Second Class (DK II)
Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT)
Malaysia, sultanates and states
Malaysia
They have been awarded :
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (as Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 13 December 2006 until 12 December 2011) :
Grand Master (2006-2011) and Recipient (DKM, 5.4.2007) of the Order of the Royal House of Malaysia
Recipient (DMN, 27 February 1999) and Grand Master (2006-2011) of the Order of the Crown of the Realm
Grand Commander (SMN, 27.2.1999) and Grand Master (2006-2011) of the Order of the Defender of the Realm
Grand Master of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (2006-2011)
Grand Master of the Order of Merit of Malaysia (2006-2011)
Grand Master of the Order for Important Services (Malaysia) (2006-2011)
Grand Master of the Order of the Royal Household (2006-2011)
Sultanah Nur Zahirah :
Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 5.4.2007, as Consort of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong)
Y.A.M. Dato’ Hajjah Tengku Amira Zahara Farah Qurashiyah , Tengku Kamala Putri (Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin's elder sister) :
According to Royal Ark : DMN (27.2.1999) but it is strange as she is not a ruler's wife, so maybe PMN ...
either Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 27.2.1999)
or Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PMN, 27.2.1999)
Sultanate of Johor
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
First Class of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK, 8 April 1986)
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ, 8 April 1986)
Sultanate of Kedah
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Member of the Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK, 21.1.2002)
Sultanah Nur Zahirah :
Member of the Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK)
Sultanate of Kelantan
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Recipient of the Royal Family Order or Star of Yunus (DK, 30.3.2002)
Sultanate of Negeri Sembilan
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Member of the Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS, 19.7.2001)
Sultanate of Pahang
Y.T.M. Tengku Dato’ Mustafa Kamil, Tengku Sri Bendahara Raja (Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin's 1st younger brother):
Grand Knight (or Datuk Sri) of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP, 26.10.2003)
Sultanate of Perak
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK)
Sultanate of Perlis
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK, 28 May 1998)
Sultanate of Selangor
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK, 10.4.2003)
Asian honours
Far East
Brunei
See also List of Bruneian Honours awarded to Heads of State and Royals
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Recipient of the Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei (DKMB)
Indonesia
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
First class (or Adipurna) of the Order of the Republic of Indonesia (17.10.2011)
Thailand
See also List of Thai Honours awarded to Heads of State and Royals
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Knight of the Order of Rajamitrabhorn (9.3. 2009)
Sultanah Nur Zahirah :
Grand Cordon Of the Order of Chula Chom Klao
Middle East
Qatar
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence of Qatar (13.12.2010)
American honours
Chile
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. : 12/2006-12/2011):
Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Merit of Chile
European honours
France
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (Sultan : since 15 May 1998 - Y.d-P.A. 12/2006-12/2011):
Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour
References
Notes
Terengganu |
Washington was an early steamboat operated in the states of California and Oregon. Washington was built in California and was initially operated on the Sacramento River. In 1851, the steamer was purchased and brought on a ship to the Oregon Territory, where it was operated on the Willamette River until the summer of 1853. Washington was sold again, and then transferred to the Oregon coast, where it operated on the Umpqua River, on the Coquille River and on Coos Bay. Washington was able to operate for shorter distances over the open ocean along the Oregon coast. The steamer was wrecked by a boiler explosion in December 1857, near Scottsburg, O.T., on the Umpqua river.
Design
Washington had an iron hull and driven by twin propellers. It was capable of operating with a single propeller if one was damaged. Washington was 40 feet long with a beam of 8 feet and a depth of hold of 4 feet. Overall size of the Washington was 20 tons. It was manufactured in Philadelphia and shipped out to the west coast of the United States.
Propeller-driven vessels operated at a disadvantage on the Willamette. Sidewheel steamers did better in shallow water, as was often encountered on the upper Willamette and its navigable tributaries. Propellers had to be submerged to furnish power, and there was always the potential in low water of striking obstruction on the river bottom, which happened to the Washington at least once, in September 1851, on the lower Willamette river. This was less of a danger to the side-wheelers.
Operations in California
Washington first operated in California on the Sacramento River. There the Washington was the first steamboat to ascend the Sacramento River from Sacramento to the mouth of the Feather River. She subsequently made regular trips to the landing there called Vernon.
Pioneer steamboat captain Alexander Sinclair Murray (1827-1914) bought the boat in 1851, and had it transported to Oregon on board the bark Success. Although an oceangoing vessel, Success was able to proceed up to Oregon City in June, 1851, covering, it was claimed, most of the distance on the river under sail. On June 5, 1851, the bark Success was reported to have arrived in the Columbia river, carrying two river boats, one a steamboat, and the other a propeller.
Willamette River service
Operations on the upper Willamette
In early June 1851, Murray and some others investigated whether a small steamboat could be operated on the Tualatin river.
Murray had Washington launched above Willamette Falls at Canemah and worked on the Willamette River to the Yamhill River. It was hoped that Washington could go as far up the Willamette as Corvallis, then known as Marysville.
Washingtons first run up the Yamhill was on June 6, 1851. Washington remained this route for a time, seeking cargoes from the nearby wheat farms. With Washington in service, there were now two steamboats running on the Willamette river above the falls. Three steamboats were running below. Two years previously there had been no steamers at all on the Willamette. The main competition at this time against Washington was another propeller-driven steamer, the Hoosier. Washington was advertised as running from Canemah to Champoeg, where the boat would meet a connecting stage coach line for travellers bound for Salem, Oregon.
On June 19, 1851, Captain Murray was reported to have "arrived with his iron, steam propeller" apparently the Washington. Murray was reported to be confident of navigating to Salem at any time of the year. The arrival of the new steamer was praised by the editor of the Oregon City weekly newspaper, Oregon Spectator as a sign of progress.
On the morning of Thursday, June 26, 1851, Washington, with Capt. Murray in command, departed Oregon City on what was intend to be a run south to Corvallis, then known as Marysville. As of June 26, 1851 in addition to the two operating boats on the upper Willamette, the Hoosier and the newly arrived Washington, there was another belonging to Captain Bissel, which was expected to be compete in four or five weeks. The firm of Hedges & Barlow were building a new sidewheeler, the Canemah, which they expected to have running sometime in September.
On its first trip, Washington went up the Yamhill River to Dayton, where the boat's crew was well received. Washington remained at Dayton overnight, leaving the next morning for Salem, where they arrived at about 4:00 p.m on Friday, June 27.
Washington was also welcomed at Salem, where the citizens fired off a saluting cannon, and made firewood and other supplies available to the steamer free of charge. After about two hours at Salem, Washington proceeded further upstream to Cincinnati Landing, now known as Eola, where the boat was greeted by the proprietor of the place, A.C.R. Shaw.
Cincinnati was a small landing 3 miles west of Salem, in Polk County, 200 yards up Rickreall Creek, which was then known as the La Creole River. Washington under Captain Murray was the first steamboat to reach Eola.
To facilitate steamboat service, the citizens of Cincinnati Landing went to the extent of digging a canal from the Willamette to the La Creole River. Washington was reported to have negotiated the canal without difficulty.
Low water problems
Murray had placed Washington into regular service on the river on July 3, 1851. In early July 1851, the river below the falls went down about 3.5 feet. While navigation was reported to be unimpeded, there was just 18 inches of water on the bars above the falls. Washington scrapped bottom in several places downriver from Salem, while the Hoosier was able to continue regular trips to Dayton. The upper river proved to be too shallow for Washington, and freight could be found elsewhere for the vessel.
Transfer to lower Willamette
In early August 1851, Washington was hauled around the falls to the lower Willamette river. The river at that time was said to be unusually low, but still 10 or 15 inches above extreme low water. The withdrawal of Washington left the Hoosier, for a time, as the only steamboat running on the upper Willamette.
On the lower Willamette Washington ran between Portland, Oregon, and Oregon City, joining a small flotilla of steamboats which included Eagle, Blackhawk, Major Redding, Allan and Columbia. Washington was the largest of the vessels running on the lower river at that time.
With very few people living in either Portland and Oregon City, competition was fierce. As of November 18, 1851, Washington was running regularly between Oregon City and Portland, carrying "large quantities" of freight to the landing at Oregon City below the falls, to be portaged there and then shipped to points on the upper river. Service above the falls as far as Marysville was then conducted by two sternwheelers, Canemah and Multnomah, each making one trip a week.
For a stretch of several days in mid-February, 1852, all steamboat service between Oregon City and Portland was suspended when both Washington and another iron-hulled propeller, the Eagle were taken off the route, apparently as a result of mechanical breakdowns.
Return to upper Willamette
In spring 1853, Washington was taken back above the falls, back to the upper Willamette river, where it was operated only a few months, until July1853. Murray replaced Washington with a new wooden sidewheeler, the Portland.
Sale to coastal interests
In July 1853, Washington was purchased for use on the Umpqua river by Allan, McKinlay & Co., an Oregon City concern which had a branch operation on the Umpqua. Pioneer steamboat man William H. Troup (1828–1882), the father of steamboat captains James and Claud Troup, went with Washington as the vessel's engineer.
Washington, then owned by Allan, McKinlay & Co, was rigged in schooner fashion for the voyage to the Umpqua. In mid-August 1853, Washington departed Oregon City for the Umpqua, where, if it arrived safely, it was to be used as a tow boat. No similar vessel was then in operation on that river. On August 26, 1853, it was reported in Oregon City that Washington had arrived safely and undamaged at Scottsburg, despite having encountered some heavy weather on the way.
Umpqua River service
The head of navigation on the Umpqua River was a former Hudson's Bay Company outpost, called Scottsburg, O.T., In the mid-1850s, Scottsburg was the center of business and transport activity in southwestern Oregon. The population in this area was increasing due to incoming settlers and mining activity.
As of April 28, 1854, Washington made tri-weekly trips between Scottsburg and the mouth of the Umpqua River, departing from Allan, McKinlay & Company's wharf at Scottsburg on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The company's owners advertised that "a good scow for the transportation of cattle is always in readiness." One of Washington'''s owners was Capt. Sylvester Hinsdale (1824–1870), a former seaman and a merchant at Gardiner, Oregon, on the Umpqua River.
On November 11, 1854, Washington was placed on a winter schedule, running, under Capt. J.U. Harris from the Allan, McKinlay & Co. wharf in lower Scottsburf every Saturday evening, carrying the U.S. mails, to Gardiner, Providence, Winchester Bay (then known as Umpqua City), and Pyramid Rock. Washington returned to Scottsburg on Sunday morning, departing from Umpqua City at 8:00 a.m.
The boat was advertised as being ready to "meet vessels at all other times, and receive freight and passengers for every point within the bounds of navigation on the Umpqua river. Washington was still running on the winter schedule on February 24, 1855.
Operations on the Coos and Coquille riversWashington was operated on Coos Bay, again with Wm. H. Troup as engineer, and for a short time on the Coquille River. Washington also ran on the open ocean in addition to riverine service.
On August 19, 1853, Washington departed Scottsburg, bound for Coos Bay. Washington reached Umpqua City, now known as Winchester Bay, near the mouth of the river that same day. The next day, Saturday, August 19, Washington tried to cross the bar of the Umpqua, but the weather was too rough. The next day however, Sunday, August 20, Washington was able to cross the bar and, despite bad weather during the voyage, reached and crossed the Coos Bay bar, and landed at the then newly founded town of Oregon. Washington was able to use coal from the Coos Bay coal fields rather than wood as fuel for the boiler.
Boiler explosion Washington's career terminated with a boiler explosion in December 1857. About noon on Saturday, December 12, 1857, the boiler exploded on Washington, scalding five persons who were on board. The extent of the injuries was not known at the time of the first report. The boat was reported to have been left "a total wreck. The incident occurred just downriver from Scottsburg. Washington'' was then the only steamer capable of transporting goods from Fort Umpqua to Scottsburg,
Notes
References
Books
On line historic newspaper collections
Steamboats of Oregon
Steamboats of California
Steamboats of the Willamette River
Passenger ships of the United States
Merchant ships of the United States
Polk County, Oregon
Douglas County, Oregon
Steamboats of the Coquille River
Coos Bay Mosquito Fleet |
The history of the Buffalo Bills began in 1960, when the team began play as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), winning two consecutive AFL titles in 1964 and 1965. The club joined the National Football League (NFL) as part of the 1970 AFL-NFL merger. The Bills have the distinction of being the only team to advance to four consecutive Super Bowls between 1990 and 1993, but also the regrettable distinction of losing all four of them.
The second NFL team to represent Buffalo, New York, the Bills were founded by Ralph Wilson, who owned the team from its establishment until his death in 2014. Wilson's estate sold the team to Terrence Pegula and his wife Kim later that year.
Professional football in Buffalo before 1960
The Bills were not the first professional football team to play in Buffalo, nor was it the first NFL team in the region. Professional football had been played in Buffalo and in western New York since the beginning of the 20th century. In 1915, Barney Lepper's "Buffalo All-Stars" were founded; the team would later be replaced by the Niagaras in 1918, then the Prospects in 1919. The Prospects were the basis of what would become the "Buffalo All-Americans," who joined what would become the NFL in 1920. After changing their name to the Bisons in 1924 (and, for one season, the Rangers in 1926), the team suspended operations in 1927, then came back in 1929 and re-folded at the end of that season.
After Buffalo hosted two NFL games in 1938 (a practice that would become a semi-regular occurrence in the city until the current team's arrival), the third American Football League installed the Buffalo Indians in the city; the Indians played two years before the league suspended and ultimately folded due to World War II. After the war, when the All-America Football Conference formed, Buffalo was again selected for a team; originally known as the Buffalo Bisons, the same name as a baseball team and (at the time) a hockey team in the area, the team sought a new identity and named itself the "Buffalo Bills" in 1947. When the AAFC merged with the NFL in 1950, the AAFC Bills were merged into the Cleveland Browns. Though there was no connection between the AAFC team and the current team, the Bills name proved popular enough that it was used as the namesake for the future American Football League team that would form in 1959.
The forerunners to the Canadian Football League would also play at least one game in Buffalo in 1951. For a period in the 1950s, Silas Rooney hosted the Pittsburgh Steelers training camps at Forness Stadium on the campus of St. Bonaventure University, which allowed the team to play an annual exhibition in Buffalo and/or Rochester.
1960–1985
Bringing pro football back to Buffalo
When Lamar Hunt announced the formation of the American Football League in the summer of 1959, Buffalo was one of the target cities Hunt sought. His first choice of owner, however, turned him down; Pat McGroder (then a liquor store owner and sports liaison with the city of Buffalo) was still hopeful that the threat of the AFL would prompt the NFL to come back to Buffalo to try to stop the AFL from gaining a foothold there (as the NFL would do with teams in Minnesota, Dallas, St. Louis and later Atlanta). McGroder's hopes never came to fruition.
Harry Wismer, who was to own the Titans of New York franchise, reached out to Detroit insurance salesman and automobile heir Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. to see if he was interested in joining the upstart league. (Both Wismer and Wilson were minority owners of NFL franchises at the time: Wilson held a stake in the Detroit Lions, while Wismer was a small partner in the Washington Redskins but had little power due to majority owner George Preston Marshall's near-iron fist over the team and the league). Wilson agreed to field a team in the new league, with the words "Count me in. I'll take a franchise anywhere you suggest." Hunt gave him the choice of six cities: Miami, Buffalo, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Atlanta, or Louisville, Kentucky. Wilson's first choice was Miami, but city officials there were wary of an upstart league after the failure of the Miami Seahawks over a decade prior and rejected the idea. (Once the AFL established itself, the city reversed its stance and allowed the Miami Dolphins to reside in the city.) Wilson reached out to an acquaintance from his military days in World War II who lived in Buffalo: general contractor George E. Schaaf. Schaaf assured Wilson that pro-football interest was significant in Buffalo and assembled a coalition of key Buffalo figures, including Pat McGroder (a mutual friend of both), who were able to interest Wilson in bringing the AFL franchise to Buffalo. Attorney Paul Crotty (father of Paul A. Crotty and a powerful Buffalo political figure) and McGroder negotiated a sweetheart deal with Civic Stadium in Buffalo—which at the time was primarily an auto racing track but was the only venue with enough seating to accommodate a team (since Offermann Stadium, the city's baseball park, was both undersized and had been condemned by city code enforcement)—and offered Wilson full control of the venue and a deep discount on rent. Wilson promptly removed the racetrack and had Civic Stadium transformed into War Memorial Stadium, which would house both baseball and football. Wilson sent Hunt a telegram with the now-famous words, "Count me in with Buffalo."
1960–1963: The Early AFL Years
The Buffalo Bills were a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. After a public contest, the team adopted the same name as the AAFC Buffalo Bills, the former All-America Football Conference team in Buffalo. The AAFC Bills franchise was named after the Buffalo Bills, a popular barbershop quartet, whose name was a play on the name of the famed Wild West showman Buffalo Bill Cody. The franchises are not officially related, other than in name, to each other.
After an inaugural season that saw the Bills finish 5–8–1 (third in the four-team AFL East Division), the Bills gained four of the first five picks in the 1961 AFL draft, including the top slot, which they used to draft offensive tackle Ken Rice. They also drafted guard Billy Shaw in the same draft. Success did not come overnight. On August 8, 1961, the Bills became the first (and only) American Football League team to play a Canadian Football League team, the nearby Hamilton Tiger-Cats. Because of that game, they also hold the dubious distinction of being the only current NFL team to have ever lost to a CFL team, as the Tiger-Cats won, 38–21. Hamilton was one of the best teams in the CFL (they would go on to win the Big Four title but lose in the 49th Grey Cup that year), and Buffalo, at the time, was the worst team in the AFL.
In the 1962 offseason, Buffalo stocked up on players that would play key roles in the successful years of the mid'1960s. Jack Kemp was acquired off waivers from the San Diego Chargers after the Chargers thought Kemp, who had led the Chargers to back-to-back AFL title games, had a bum hand. The Bills also drafted Syracuse running back phenomenon Ernie Davis and had a serious chance of getting him to play for Buffalo after the Redskins, a team Davis refused to play for, drafted him; however, Davis instead opted to play for the NFL after the Redskins traded him to Cleveland, and he died of leukemia before playing a single down of professional football. Instead, the Bills then acquired one of the CFL's top running backs, Cookie Gilchrist.
On December 14, 1963, the Bills and the New York Jets played the final game at the Polo Grounds.
The Mid 1960s: Four Straight Playoffs, 3 Division Titles, Back to Back Championships
From 1963 to 1966, Buffalo experienced its first stretch of success, making the playoffs all four years and winning back-to-back AFL championships in 1964 and 1965 under head coaches Lou Saban through 1965; and Joe Collier in 1966.
The 1964 squad compiled a 12-2 regular season mark and went on to defeat the favored defending AFL champion San Diego Chargers, 20-7 at Buffalo's War Memorial Stadium on December 26, 1964. A turning point in that game occurred in the first quarter with the Chargers ahead 7-0 and driving, when Buffalo linebacker Mike Stratton broke up a flare pass to star Charger halfback Keith Lincoln with a well-timed, hard shot to the ribs, forcing Lincoln to leave the game. This is memorialized in Bills and AFL lore as the "hit heard 'round the world". Players and the fans present acknowledge that the energy in the stadium immediately changed in that instant; San Diego defensive end Earl Faison testifies of the impact it had on the game in this video
Also of note in 1964, the Bills' defense surrendered a mere 65.5 yards rushing per game and started a streak of 16 consecutive regular season games without giving up a rushing touchdown that continued well into the 1965 season (17 if the 1964 championship game is counted); this is still a professional football record as of January 2023. The Bills survived a late-season controversy when star fullback Gilchrist refused to take the field with his teammates at a critical time during a week 10 clash with the (then Boston) Patriots and coach Saban "fired" him off the team; quarterback Kemp, who would go on to the U.S. Congress and to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President George H.W. Bush, brokered a reconciliation between Gilchrist and Saban and the fullback rejoined the team days later.
In 1965, Buffalo's offense was hampered all season by injuries to its star receivers Glenn Bass and Elbert (Golden Wheels) Dubenion; additionally, league-leading rusher Gilchrist had been traded to the Denver Broncos. The Bills adjusted, riding their stellar defense and a short, controlled passing game to a 10-3-1 record and a second consecutive AFL Eastern Division title. The team's offensive unit received significant contributions from newly acquired Bills Bo Roberson, Jack Spikes and Billy Joe en route to a championship game rematch with the Chargers, who had smashed Buffalo 34-3 earlier in the season and again were heavily favored. This time, the Bills shut out San Diego's high-powered offense 23-0 on the Chargers' home field, Balboa Stadium. Buffalo cornerback Butch Byrd electrified Bills fans with a 74 yard punt return for a touchdown, and the defense registered five sacks on San Diego's dangerous quarterback, John Hadl.
Buffalo was at the center of one of the most significant events that precipitated the AFL–NFL merger. After the 1965 season, Bills' placekicker Pete Gogolak, who introduced the innovation of kicking "soccer style" to American football instead of approaching the ball head-on, decided to test the free agent market. The NFL's New York Giants were in desperate need of a placekicker, and signed Gogolak away from the AFL. This began the escalation of a bidding war for talent between the two leagues that eventually brought team owners to the negotiating table, resulting in a common draft of players out of college, and the AFL-NFL merger that was completed in 1970.
A big reason for Buffalo’s sustained success during the mid-1960s was the team’s dominant defensive core roster from 1964 to 1967. Many Bills fans of the era are convinced that linebacker Stratton, cornerback Byrd, tackle Tom Sestak, and end Ron McDole should be enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. (Currently, the only Buffalo player from the 1960’s championship teams in the Hall is offensive guard Shaw). Two defensive reserves of note from the era are linebackers Marty Schottenheimer, who went on to win 200 regular season games as an NFL head coach ranking him eighth all time in that category; and Paul Maguire, the AFL’s all-time leader in punting yardage, who went on to a distinguished broadcasting career.
The team faced two significant challenges in 1966: The beginning of coach Saban's 6-year hiatus from Buffalo; and the continuing emergence of a young rival AFL Eastern Division quarterback. Saban's departure to accept a head coaching position at the University of Maryland paved the way for former defensive coach Joe Collier to be promoted to head coach. Collier was regarded as a superior strategist whose personal style contrasted with the oft-fiery Saban. And the New York Jets with their brash young signal-caller and steadily improving supporting cast, were emerging as legitimate challengers. The result was a down-to-the wire race between the Bills and Patriots for the division crown with the Jets nipping at their heels for an opportunity to play an AFL championship game whose winner would finally get a crack at the NFL's champion. The Jets played spoiler by defeating Boston on the last Saturday of the regular season. This opened the door for Buffalo's must-win, 38-21 triumph over the Denver Broncos on the very next day. This gave the Bills their third straight division crown and a championship game at home on January 1, 1967 against the Kansas City Chiefs. The teams had split their regular season meetings but the Chiefs dominated, 31-7 and went on to play the Green Bay Packers for the "World Championship;" since known as the very first Super Bowl.
1967-71: Lean Years with Few Bright Spots
Buffalo's first general manager, Dick Gallagher had, in concert with Lou Saban, built the roster that allowed the Bills to rise to prominence in the AFL. Gallagher left the organization after the 1966 season, and subsequent GMs were did not successfully maintain a roster of championship caliber. The trade of backup quarterback Daryle Lamonica to the Oakland Raiders during the off-season leading up to 1967 was the first of many personnel decisions the team made over the next few years that left many Bills fans befuddled. And injuries caught up with the Bills in 1967, especially on the offensive line, and the team slid to a 4-9-1 record. Even tougher years were ahead for the team.
The 1968 season was a tumultuous one. With starter Jack Kemp and backup Tom Flores both injured for most of the season, Buffalo resorted to converting wide receiver Ed Rutkowski to quarterback in a rotation with Rutkowski, Kay Stephenson and Dan Darragh. The result was disastrous, and the Bills dropped to last in the league. Their 1-12-1 final record gave the Bills the first overall draft pick in what was now the combined AFL-NFL draft. The Bills selected O. J. Simpson with their pick.
Offensive lineman Bob Kalsu left the team after his 1968 rookie season to serve in the Vietnam War. He never returned; Kalsu was killed in action in 1970 and is often cited by Bills fans as the first professional football player to die in action in war during his playing career. This is not true, as Young Bussey and Jack Lummus were still of playing age when they left the NFL to serve in World War II and were killed in action a few years later. Kalsu would be one of two NFL players to lose their life in Vietnam.
While the Bills struggled in these years, talent remained on the roster and there were some memorable moments, including Buffalo's lone win in 1968, a 37-35 victory over the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Jets, and a gutty Thanksgiving Day, 1968 performance against the high-flying Oakland Raiders. Players during these years who gave Bills fans sparks of excitement and optimism were Simpson, quarterback Dennis Shaw, wide receivers Haven Moses and Marlin Briscoe, and running back Max Anderson. In 1969 the Bills also drafted Grambling's star James Harris, who earned the Bills' starting quarterback position for a time before going on to more success with the Los Angeles Rams. Harris' success helped to break a de facto racial barrier at the quarterback position.
1972–1977: Saban returns to Turn on "the Juice:" The "Electric Company" era
Before the 1969 season, the Bills drafted running back O. J. Simpson, who would become the face of the franchise through the 1970s. The NFL-AFL merger placed Buffalo in the AFC East division with the Patriots, Dolphins, Jets, and Colts. Their first season in the NFL saw the team win only three games, lose ten, and tie one. In 1971, not only did the Bills finish in sole possession of the NFL's worst overall record at 1–13, but they also scored the fewest points (184) in the league that year while allowing the most (394); no NFL team has since done all three of those things in the same season in a non-strike year. They thus obtained the #1 draft pick for 1972, which was Notre Dame DE Walt Patulski. Despite good on-field performances, he struggled with injuries before being traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1976. Lou Saban, who had coached the Bills' AFL championship teams, was re-hired in 1972, in which the team finished 4–9–1.
Meanwhile, War Memorial Stadium was in severe need of replacement, being in poor condition, located in an increasingly worsening neighborhood, and too small to meet the NFL's post-1969 requirement that all stadiums seat at least 50,000. Construction began on a new stadium in the suburbs after Ralph Wilson threatened to move the team to another city; at one point after the 1970 season Wilson was “prepared to move the team” to Husky Stadium in Seattle and was also fielding offers from Tampa and Memphis. Western New York leaders acquiesced to Wilson's demands and built a new open-air facility that featured a capacity of over 80,000 (at Wilson's request) and, unlike other stadiums, was built into the ground. Rich Stadium (later Ralph Wilson Stadium, now Highmark Stadium) opened in 1973 and continues to house the Bills to this day (both Seattle and Tampa would get NFL teams of their own in 1976, when the Seahawks and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, respectively, were enfranchised).
1973 was a season of change: Joe Ferguson became their new quarterback, the team moved into a new stadium, Simpson recorded a 2,000-yard season and was voted NFL MVP, and the Bills had their first winning record since 1966 with eight wins. The "Electric Company" of Simpson, Jim Braxton, Paul Seymour, and Joe DeLamielleure as recounted in the locally recorded hit "Turn on the Juice", lead a dramatic turnaround on the field. The "Electric Company" was the offensive line (OG Reggie McKenzie, OT Dave Foley, C Mike Montler, OG Joe DeLamielleure and OT Donnie Green) which provided the electricity for the "Juice". O.J. became the only player to rush for 2,000 yards prior to the institution of the 16-game season in 1978. The team made the NFL playoffs at 9–5 for the first time in history in 1974, but in their divisional playoff, they lost to the eventual Super Bowl champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers.
After an 8–6 1975 season, the Bills had internal troubles in 1976; Ferguson was injured and Gary Marangi proved ineffective in replacement. The team dropped to the bottom of the AFC East at 2–12, where they stayed for the rest of the 1970s. On a high note, the 1976 Thanksgiving Day game saw Simpson set the league record for rushing yards in a game, despite a 27–14 loss to the Detroit Lions. After the 1977 season, Simpson was traded to the San Francisco 49ers.
1978–1983: The Chuck Knox-Kay Stephenson era
1980 marked the 3rd year the Bills were good. They beat the archrival Miami Dolphins for the first time in 11 years in their season opener, en route to an 11–5 season and their first AFC East title. However, they lost to the San Diego Chargers 20–14 in the divisional playoffs. In 1981, the Bills made the playoffs as a wild-card team with a 10–6 record. They defeated the New York Jets 31–27 in the wild card round of the playoffs, but lost in the divisional round to the eventual AFC champion Cincinnati Bengals, 28–21. The following year — the strike-shortened season of 1982 — the Bills slipped to a 4–5 final record and missed the playoffs. In the famous 1983 draft, the Bills selected quarterback Jim Kelly as their replacement to an aging Joe Ferguson, but Kelly decided to play in the upstart United States Football League instead.
1984–1985: To the brink of collapse
Chuck Knox left his coaching position to take a job with the Seattle Seahawks, and running back Joe Cribbs also defected to the USFL, a loss incoming head coach Kay Stephenson unsuccessfully attempted to stop in court. In a 1984 article in The Buffalo News announcing Greg Bell's signing with the Bills, owner Ralph Wilson stated that the team was not yet in jeopardy, but that attendance would have to remain high, and television revenues would have to continue coming in for the team to survive. In 1984 and 1985, the Bills went 2–14. By this point, attendance at Rich Stadium had fallen to under 30,000 fans per game for most of the 1985 season, leaving the team's long-term future in doubt. Wilson was fielding offers, including one from Leonard Tose to trade the Bills for the Philadelphia Eagles. Steve Tasker, who joined in 1986, recalled that "being acquired by Buffalo was akin to being sentenced to prison in Siberia" because of the team's poor record at the time and Buffalo's bad weather.
1986–2000: Perennial contender
1986–1989: Marv Levy, Jim Kelly, and Bill Polian arrive
Among the names that Buffalo picked up after the USFL's demise in 1986 were general manager Bill Polian, head coach Marv Levy (both from the Chicago Blitz), special teams coach Bruce DeHaven, starting quarterback Jim Kelly (of the Houston Gamblers), center Kent Hull (of the New Jersey Generals), and linebacker Ray Bentley (of the Oakland Invaders), all of whom joined the Bills for the 1986 season. Midway through the 1986 season, the Bills fired coach Hank Bullough and replaced him with Levy, who in addition to the Blitz had also previously coached the Kansas City Chiefs and Montreal Alouettes. Levy and Polian put together a receiving game featuring Andre Reed, a defense led by first-overall draft pick Bruce Smith, and a top-flight offensive line, led by Hull along with Jim Ritcher, Will Wolford and Howard "House" Ballard.
After the strike year of 1987, in 1988, the rookie season of running back Thurman Thomas, the Bills went 12–4 and finished atop the AFC East for the first of four consecutive seasons. After a 17–10 victory over the Houston Oilers in the divisional playoff, they lost the AFC championship 21–10 to the Cincinnati Bengals.
1989 was a relative disappointment, with a 9–7 record and a divisional playoff loss to the Cleveland Browns. The Bills had a chance to win the game as time was running out, but Ronnie Harmon dropped a Kelly pass in the corner of the end zone. During this season, the Bills were called the "Bickering Bills" by the fans and media due to significant infighting among the players and coaches throughout the season.
1990–1993: The Super Bowl years
In 1990, the Bills switched to a no huddle, hurry-up offense (frequently with Kelly in the shotgun formation, the "K-gun", named for tight end Keith McKeller and not Jim Kelly), and it led the Bills' offense to one of the best in the league; their 428 points (26.75 points per game) scored was first in the league. The team finished 13–3, and behind their no-huddle attack, beat the Miami Dolphins 44-34 and blew out the Los Angeles Raiders 51–3 in the playoffs on their way to Super Bowl XXV. The Bills were favorites to beat the New York Giants (whom they had beaten on the road during the regular season), but the defensive plan laid out by Giants coach Bill Parcells and defensive coordinator Bill Belichick kept Buffalo in check (and without the ball) for much of the game. The game featured many lead changes, and with the score 20–19 in favor of New York with eight seconds left, Bills kicker Scott Norwood attempted a 47-yard field goal. His kick sailed wide right, less than a yard outside of the goalpost upright.
The Bills won their fourth consecutive AFC East title in 1991, finishing 13–3 again and with Thurman Thomas winning the NFL MVP award and Offensive Player of the Year. In the playoffs, they routed the Kansas City Chiefs 37–14 in the divisional round and beat the Denver Broncos in a defensive struggle, 10–7, in the AFC Championship. The Bills looked to avenge their heartbreaking Super Bowl loss a year earlier by playing the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXVI, but it was not to be. The Redskins opened up a 17–0 halftime lead and never looked back, handing the Bills a 37–24 loss. Early in that game, Thurman Thomas lost his helmet and had to sit out the first two plays, making the Bills the butt of jokes nationwide.
The Bills lost the 1992 AFC East title to the Miami Dolphins and Jim Kelly was injured in the final game of the regular season. Backup quarterback Frank Reich started their wild card playoff game against the Houston Oilers, and they were down 35–3 early in the third quarter. In what became known as The Comeback, the Bills rallied behind Reich, taking the lead late in the 4th quarter and winning the game in overtime 41–38. The 35–3 deficit remained the largest deficit (32 points) overcome to win a game in NFL history until it was broken in 2022. Buffalo then defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 24–3 in the divisional playoff and upset the archrival Dolphins 29–10 in the AFC Championship to advance to their third straight Super Bowl. Super Bowl XXVII, played against the Dallas Cowboys, turned out to be a mismatch. Buffalo committed a Super Bowl-record 9 turnovers en route to a 52–17 loss, becoming the first team in NFL history to lose three consecutive Super Bowls. One of the sole bright spots for the Bills was Don Beebe's rundown and strip of Leon Lett after Lett had returned a fumble inside the Bills' 5-yard line and was on his way to scoring. Lett started celebrating too early and held the ball out long enough for Beebe, who had made up a considerable distance to get to Lett, to knock it out of his hand. The play resulted in a touchback, not a touchdown, thus stopping Dallas from breaking the record for most points scored by a team in a Super Bowl (55), which was set three years earlier and is still held today by the San Francisco 49ers.
The Bills won the AFC East championship in 1993 with a 12–4 record, and again won playoff games against the Los Angeles Raiders and Kansas City Chiefs, setting up a rematch with the Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVIII on January 30, 1994. The Bills became the only team ever to play in four straight Super Bowls, and in this game became the first team to face the same team in 2 straight Super Bowls, and looked ready to finally win one when they led at halftime. A Thurman Thomas fumble returned for a touchdown by James Washington tied the game, with Super Bowl MVP Emmitt Smith taking over the rest of the game for the Cowboys and the Bills were stunned again, 30–13.
1994–1997: Decline
The four consecutive failures to win the title game, despite a 14–2 regular-season record against the NFC, inspired many jokes. Tasker recalled that when he made motivational speeches to groups of children, "invariably, some little guy raises his hand. He goes, 'Do you know what Bills stands for?' and I've heard it a hundred times. I go, 'No, what?' He goes Boy, I Love Losing Super Bowls'." A player denounced the team's poor reputation: "They still consider us losers. That is the most unfair statement that I've ever seen or heard or read in my life". Andrea Kremer recalled, however, that "I don't think there's any doubt that America, that the national fan base, turned their back on the Bills. They're just tired of it". The Bills would not get a chance to make it five straight in 1994. The team stumbled down the stretch and finished 7–9, fourth in the division and out of the playoffs. During this period Tasker established himself year in and year out as the league's top special teams performer.
In 1995, Buffalo signed free agent linebacker Bryce Paup to anchor the defense. The expansion Carolina Panthers ended up selecting several key Bills contributors (backup quarterback Frank Reich, wide receiver Don Beebe and tight end Pete Metzelaars) in the expansion draft, where they formed the core of that team's inaugural roster.
The Bills again made the playoffs with a 10–6 record, and defeated Miami in the wild card round. They would not get a chance to get back to the Super Bowl—the Pittsburgh Steelers, who went on to advance to the Super Bowl, beat Buffalo in the divisional playoffs 40–21.
In 1996, the Bills saw their commanding lead in the AFC East race disappear to a surging New England Patriots team; the Bills won against the Patriots in September, then in late October the Patriots won after three touchdowns were scored in the final 85 seconds. The Bills still made the playoffs as the Wild Card home team; they became the first victim of the cinderella Jacksonville Jaguars, the first (and, as of the present, only) visiting team ever to win a playoff game at Rich Stadium. Jim Kelly retired after the season after the Bills management told him they were moving in a new direction and wanted him to help develop a younger QB to take over, signaling an end to the most successful era in Bills history. Thurman Thomas gave way to new running back Antowain Smith. Kelly's loss was felt in 1997, when his replacement Todd Collins faltered and the Bills stumbled to 6–10. Coach Marv Levy retired after the season.
1998–2000: Wade Phillips, Doug Flutie, and quarterback controversy
Under new coach Wade Phillips, the Bills signed two quarterbacks for the 1998 season, one that Buffalo traded a high first round pick for, and one that was signed as almost an afterthought. The former was for Jaguars backup Rob Johnson and the latter was former Heisman Trophy winner and Canadian Football League star Doug Flutie. Despite many Bills fans wanting Flutie to get the starting job after Flutie looked the better of the two QBs in camp and in preseason, Phillips named Johnson to the position. The Bills stumbled to begin the season 0–3, and after Johnson suffered a rib injury against the Indianapolis Colts, Flutie came in and led the Bills to a playoff spot and a 10–6 record. They faltered in their first playoff game against the Miami Dolphins.
Flutie's popularity continued into the 1999 season, with the Bills finishing 11–5, two games behind the Indianapolis Colts in the AFC East standings. Wade Phillips gave Rob Johnson the starting quarterback job in the first round playoff game against the Tennessee Titans even though Flutie had won 10 games and had gotten the Bills into the playoffs. The Bills scored a field goal with 16 seconds left to give them a 16–15 lead. But the Titans won the game on a controversial play that became known as the "Music City Miracle": During the ensuing kickoff, Frank Wycheck lateraled the ball to Kevin Dyson who then scored the winning touchdown. Although Wycheck's pass was close to an illegal forward lateral, replays were ruled inconclusive and the call on the field was upheld as a touchdown. The Titans went on to advance to the Super Bowl.
The Titans game would mark the last appearance by the Bills in the playoffs for the next 18 years. Following the season, the final ties to the Bills' Super Bowl years were severed when Thurman Thomas, Andre Reed and Bruce Smith were all cut. Antowain Smith, Eric Moulds, and Marcellus Wiley respectively had long since eclipsed them on the depth chart. In the 2000 season, the team would miss the playoffs following an 8–8 year. Both Flutie and Smith were dominant in their final game as Bills, in a 42–23 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. Thomas would be quickly replaced by rookie Travis Henry.
After the 2000 season, with the team still caught up in the Johnson vs. Flutie controversy, general manager John Butler departed for the San Diego Chargers—and took Flutie and Wiley with him, among many other Bills contributors. Doug Flutie left the Bills with a .677 winning percentage in 31 starts. Antowain Smith also left as a free agent for the New England Patriots, where he was the starting running back on their first two Super Bowl championship teams.
2001–2016: Playoff drought
2001–2005: Tom Donahoe and Drew Bledsoe
In 2001, following the departure of John Butler, team owner Ralph Wilson announced his retirement as president of the organization and handed the reins of his franchise to Tom Donahoe, a former executive with the Pittsburgh Steelers. The move turned out to be disastrous. Donahoe (just a year after the team had released three eventual Hall of Famers in a salary cap move) proceeded to gut the franchise of most of its remaining recognizable talent and replaced it with young, inexperienced, unknown lower-end players, much of which joined Butler in San Diego that year, and installed Rob Johnson as the starting quarterback. The team went from playoff contenders to a 31–49 record during Donahoe's five-year tenure.
Titans defensive coordinator Gregg Williams took over as head coach for the 2001 season, which proved to be the worst in recent memory for the Bills. Rob Johnson went down in mid-season with an injury and Alex Van Pelt took over. Buffalo finished 3–13. The Bills even lost a much-hyped mid-season match up with "Bills West" (the Flutie-led Chargers).
Prior to the 2002 season, the Bills traded for quarterback Drew Bledsoe, deemed expendable by the Patriots after Tom Brady led them to a Super Bowl victory. Bledsoe revived the Bills for the 2002 season, leading them to an 8–8 record, setting 10 team passing records in the process. However, in a tough division with all other teams finishing 9–7, they were still in last place. Another Patriots castoff, safety Lawyer Milloy, who joined the Bills days before the 2003 season began, gave the team an immediate boost on defense (one of multiple defensive additions from 2002-2004, including Rams linebacker London Fletcher, Ravens defensive tackle Sam Adams, Bengals linebacker Takeo Spikes, and Eagles cornerback Troy Vincent). After beating eventual champions New England 31–0 in the first game, and crushing the Jaguars in their second game, play-by-play announcer Van Miller immediately announced his retirement as of the end of the season, expecting the team to have a shot at the title. However, the Bills stumbled through the rest of the season, finishing 6–10. In fact their season had ended the exact opposite of the beginning as they were trounced by New England 31–0. In one game, however, the Bills' fans gained a small measure of satisfaction when the defense sacked Rob Johnson multiple times in his relief effort for the Washington Redskins.
Gregg Williams was fired as head coach after the 2003 season and replaced with Mike Mularkey. The Bills also drafted another quarterback, J. P. Losman, to be used if Bledsoe continued to struggle in 2004. Unfortunately, Losman broke his leg in the pre-season and missed most of the regular season, seeing very limited action.
Bledsoe continued to struggle in 2004. The Bills started the 2004 season 0–4, with Bledsoe and his offense struggling in their run-first offense, averaging only 13 points per game. Additionally, each loss was heartbreakingly close. The team finally managed to turn things around with a victory at home against the also winless Miami Dolphins. This, along with the emergence of Willis McGahee (a first round-pick and a gamble by the Bills due to the knee injury that McGahee suffered in his last college game) taking over the starting running back role from the injured Travis Henry, and emergence of Lee Evans to give the Bills a second deep threat, sparked the Bills to go 9–2 in their next eleven games. This string of victories allowed the Bills to be in the hunt for a final AFC wildcard playoff spot. Though they would lose to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the final game of the season, costing them a playoff berth and devastating the fans, the late season surge gave the team a positive direction to approach 2005.
After the 2004 season, wanting to go in a younger direction and unhappy with Drew Bledsoe's overall performance, the Bills decided to hand the starting quarterback reins to J. P. Losman. This angered Bledsoe, who demanded his release, which the Bills granted. Bledsoe then signed with the Dallas Cowboys, reuniting him with his former New England Patriots coach Bill Parcells.
Losman's development did not proceed as quickly as the Bills had hoped it would. He began the 2005 season 1–3 as a starter, prompting Kelly Holcomb to replace him. Losman would not see action again until Holcomb was injured in Week 10 against the Kansas City Chiefs. He led the Bills to a win in that game, but would again be replaced by Holcomb after losing the next several games. Perhaps the low point of Losman's season was a 24–23 loss to the Miami Dolphins, a game in which Buffalo led 21–0 and 23–3, but gave up 21 unanswered points in the 4th quarter. Buffalo's 2005 campaign resulted in a 5–11 record and the firing of General Manager Tom Donahoe in January 2006. That same month, Mike Mularkey resigned as head coach, citing family reasons along with disagreement over the direction of the organization.
2006–2009: Marv Levy's return, Russ Brandon, and Dick Jauron
Marv Levy was named as Donahue's replacement in January 2006, with hopes that he would improve a franchise that failed to make the playoffs during Donahoe's tenure. Meanwhile, Russ Brandon was named to a high-level executive position as director of non-football operations alongside Levy. Dick Jauron was hired as head coach.
The 2006 and 2007 seasons both brought 7–9 records under Jauron's coaching, having been eliminated from playoff contention in December in both years. 2006 saw the additions of Donte Whitner, Ko Simpson, Ashton Youboty, Anthony Hargrove and Kyle Williams to the defensive corps while 2007 brought in Trent Edwards to quarterback the offense, rookie first-round draft pick Marshawn Lynch, second-round pick Paul Posluszny, offensive linemen Derrick Dockery and Langston Walker, and backup running back Fred Jackson. J. P. Losman played all 16 games in 2006 but was benched in early 2007 in favor of Edwards. At the end of the 2007 season, Levy retired once again, citing the fact that he had reached the end of his two-year contract. Brandon assumed responsibilities as de facto general manager for the next two years.
In a notable move, Toronto, Ontario would host one Bills game each year beginning in 2008, as league officials approved an October 2007 proposal by Bills owner Ralph Wilson to lease his team to Canadian media mogul Edward S. "Ted" Rogers, Jr. to play an annual regular season game and a biennial preseason game in Toronto's Rogers Centre over the next five years, in exchange for a sum of C$78 million cash. The games, formally named the "Bills Toronto Series", began during the 2008 season. This led to speculation of the team eventually moving across the border to Toronto over the next few years.
The Bills started extremely well in the 2008 season, starting out with a 5–1 record before their bye week and showing promise in Trent Edwards as finally being a capable quarterback for the Bills. Notable additions to the roster had included free agent defensive tackle Marcus Stroud and draft picks cornerback Leodis McKelvin and wide receiver James Hardy. However, Edwards suffered a concussion from a brutal hit in a game against the Arizona Cardinals. The team then went 2–8 in their last games, earning them another 7–9 record.
In 2009 the Bills acquired veteran wide receiver Terrell Owens on a one-year deal. Owens was infamous for his elaborate touchdown celebrations and controversies with past teammates despite being a superstar player. In addition, former starting quarterback J. P. Losman, by this point relegated to third string behind Trent Edwards and Gibran Hamdan, was allowed to become a free agent. In the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft, the Bills selected defensive end/linebacker Aaron Maybin with the 11th overall pick and center Eric Wood with the 28th overall pick; Wood would become a Pro Bowler and remain with the team for nine seasons while Maybin never recorded a sack with the Bills and was cut after two disappointing seasons.
As the 2009 season began, the team stumbled to a 3–6 start, after which the Bills fired head coach Dick Jauron midseason. The offensive line suffered from severe turnover and Terrell Owens proved to disappoint, with Owens' overall stats for 2009 being modest: 829 yards and five TDs. The season opener against New England was a loss, although Buffalo's morale was raised by the fact that it was only by a single point. Other notable games included a 16–13 OT victory over the Jets in Week 6, and the Week 10 game against Tennessee, where Titans owner Bud Adams made an obscene gesture at Bills fans and was fined $250,000. The Week 13 game against the Jets was an international series game held across the border in Toronto. In Week 15, the Bills hosted New England, but despite optimistic predictions, fell 17–10, marking the fifth season in a row where they lost both games against the Patriots. This completely eliminated Buffalo from playoff contention and marked their tenth consecutive season without a playoff appearance.
Quarterback Trent Edwards battled injury throughout the whole season with his play regressing throughout the weeks, splitting games with back-up Ryan Fitzpatrick, formerly of the Cincinnati Bengals. The Bills were hit with another hard blow when star running back Marshawn Lynch was given a three-game suspension by NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell for pleading guilty to misdemeanor weapons charges. Though back-up running back Fred Jackson did quite well in Lynch's absence, his performance then hindered on Lynch's return but he still had a 1,000-yard rushing season. However, the performance of free safety Jarius Byrd showed extreme promise as Byrd led the NFL with 9 interceptions and was selected to the Pro Bowl.
2010–2012: Buddy Nix, Chan Gailey, and Ryan Fitzpatrick
Buddy Nix, a former assistant general manager of the San Diego Chargers, was named general manager in the final week of the 2009 season. One of his first personnel moves was to cut ties with Owens (ironically, a man he had recruited during his time in college football). With the expiration of Terrell Owens' contract in March 2010, the Bills chose not to re-sign him. Meanwhile, on January 20 the team named Chan Gailey as head coach. Gailey was previously the offensive coordinator of Kansas City and head coach of Georgia Tech and the Dallas Cowboys, going 8–0 in the division in 1998, and leading the team to the postseason in both 1998 and 1999.
As the 2010 season began, the Bills lost to Miami at home. After going 0–4, the Bills released Trent Edwards and named Ryan Fitzpatrick starting quarterback. Despite some close games, they ended up at an 0–8 record before beating Detroit at home in Week 10. Then came a 49–31 win in Cincinnati and an OT loss to Pittsburgh. The team finished 2010 with a 4–12 record. As a result of the Bills' poor play in 2010, the team earned the third overall selection in the 2011 NFL Draft, using it to select defensive tackle Marcell Dareus in an effort to improve the team's long-struggling run defense. The Bills fired Tom Modrak, one of the last connections to the Donahoe era, shortly after the 2011 draft.
Buffalo had an excellent start to 2011, routing Kansas City 41–7. The following week, they hosted Oakland and erased a 21–3 deficit, winning 38–35. In week 3, the Bills hosted the Patriots; they erased a 21-0 Patriots lead and led 31–24 in the fourth; a late Tom Brady touchdown tied the game, but the Bills whipped into range of a last second field goal. The 34–31 win ended a 15-game franchise losing streak spanning 8 years to the Patriots. Despite starting the 2011 season with a 5–2 record, leading the AFC East for several weeks, a wave of injuries to several key starters led to the Bills compiling a 7-game losing streak, pushing the team out of playoff contention for the twelfth straight year. The losing streak was finally broken with a defeat of the Tim Tebow-led Denver Broncos on Christmas Eve, in a game that had unusually poor attendance. With the Detroit Lions making the playoffs for the first time since 1999 that same season, the Bills held the longest postseason drought in the NFL.
On March 15, 2012, defensive end and former first-overall pick Mario Williams, formerly of the Houston Texans, signed a six-year contract with the Bills worth up to $100 million ($49.5 million guaranteed), which made it the most lucrative contract for a defensive player in NFL history at the time. Unfortunately, it was not enough to prevent another disappointing season in 2012 in which the Bills finished 6–10 again. Following the season, the Bills relieved Chan Gailey and his entire coaching staff of their duties. While Gailey reinvigorated the Bills offense, his teams were undone by poor defensive play, in contrast to bad offense but decent defense under the Jauron years.
2013–2014: The Doug Marrone years and the death of Ralph Wilson
On January 1, 2013 it was announced that Ralph Wilson had "passed the torch" to Russ Brandon, and that he would have complete control of football operations. He then served as CEO and President of the team. Later that month, the team hired Doug Marrone as their new head coach. Nix would announce his resignation after the draft, and Doug Whaley moved into the general manager position.
Offseason player moves included Ryan Fitzpatrick being released and replaced by Kevin Kolb in free agency. The Bills also swung a trade with the Indianapolis Colts, sending linebacker Kelvin Sheppard in exchange for edge rusher Jerry Hughes. Hughes, along with Mario Williams, Kyle Williams, and Marcell Dareus, would form the "Cold Front" defensive line that helped Buffalo rank in the top two teams for quarterback sacks over the next two years, attaining 54 or more in both seasons. In the 2013 NFL Draft the Bills traded back from their 8th pick to the 16th pick and selected quarterback E. J. Manuel out of Florida State. Receivers Robert Woods and Marquise Goodwin, the latter of whom was also an Olympic sprinter, and linebacker Kiko Alonso were among the other notable players chosen in the 2013 draft.
As the 2013 season approached, a knee injury to Manuel and a season-ending concussion to Kolb almost forced the team to start undrafted rookie Jeff Tuel; Manuel nonetheless recovered in time to start week 1 only to injure his other knee a few weeks later, which resulted in the signing of Thad Lewis (who himself had started a game as an undrafted rookie the previous year with the Cleveland Browns). The Bills finished 6-10 yet again and missed the playoffs for the 14th consecutive season.
Owner Ralph Wilson died March 25, 2014, at the age of 95. Wilson's assets, including the team, were placed into a trust governed by four members: Wilson's widow, Mary Wilson; his niece, Mary Owen; Jeff Littman, the Bills' chief financial officer; and Eugene Driker, an attorney. The trust sold the team to Buffalo Sabres owner Terrence Pegula, along with his wife Kim, reportedly for $1.4 billion in cash, which the Wilson trust intends to use as an endowment for charitable causes in Western New York (and Wilson's hometown of Detroit); Pegula outbid two other parties, a Toronto-based consortium led by Jon Bon Jovi and a stalking horse bid from Donald Trump (the latter's failure was a major factor in Trump's decision to run for President the next year), to secure the team. The deal closed October 10, 2014. Having committed to keeping the Bills in Buffalo, the Pegulas negotiated with Rogers Communications to cancel the Bills Toronto Series as one of their first actions as the new owners.
The Bills finished the 2014 season with a 9–7 record, which broke a league-leading streak of nine consecutive losing seasons. However, they were eliminated from playoff contention after a loss to the Oakland Raiders in the second to last week of the season, which extended their league-leading playoff drought to fifteen seasons. The starting quarterback for most of the 2014 season was Kyle Orton, a last-minute signing who was named starter a month into the regular season. Orton announced his retirement the Monday following the conclusion of the season.
2015–2016: Rex Ryan and new ownership under the Pegulas
The 2015 season was the first full season for the Bills under the Pegula Family's ownership. On December 31, 2014 Doug Marrone chose to opt out of his contract with the Bills. He asked for a contract extension, but his request was denied by Mr. Pegula. On January 11, 2015 it was reported that Rex Ryan, who had recently been fired from his head coaching job with the New York Jets, would become the next head coach. Ryan was officially named the new head coach the next day, January 12, 2015. The day after that, January 13, 2015, it was announced that defensive coordinator Jim Schwartz would not be returning for the 2015 season. The team dramatically overhauled its offense in the offseason, bringing in a number of new starters: quarterback Tyrod Taylor, running back LeSean McCoy, fullback Jerome Felton, wide receiver Percy Harvin and tight end Charles Clay.
The Bills set a franchise record for season ticket sales for the 2015 season with more than 60,000 season tickets sold. The Rex Ryan hiring has been linked to the high increase in sales. The Bills opened the 2015 season with a 24–17 win over the Indianapolis Colts, but faltered (despite an unsuccessful late-game comeback) against traditional nemesis New England. Through the first quarter of the season the Bills led the NFL in penalties heading into their Week 5 game against the Tennessee Titans. After being flagged 17 times in Week 4 against the New York Giants, the Bills were penalized only seven times in their 14–13 victory over the Titans. In the end, the Bills finished a middling 8–8, missing the playoffs for the 16th consecutive season, the longest active streak in major professional sport (after the 2015 Toronto Blue Jays broke their then-22-year streak).
In 2016 Kathryn Smith became the first woman to be a full-time coach in the NFL, when she was hired by the Bills as a special teams quality control coach.
The start of the 2016 season was marred by long-term injuries to both of the team's top draft picks, first-rounder Shaq Lawson and second-rounder Reggie Ragland (who will miss his entire rookie season). On December 27, 2016, Rex Ryan was fired after compiling 15–16 record in 2 seasons along with his brother Rob which made the Bills the third team in the NFL to fire a coach in-season (along with the Los Angeles Rams and Jacksonville Jaguars who both fired Jeff Fisher and Gus Bradley), Anthony Lynn was promoted to interim coach. After winning four straight games from weeks 3–6, they only won three more games to finish 7–9. Though Ryan was hired as a defensive-minded coach, the Bills defense ironically declined during his tenure, as compared to the Doug Marrone era, though the offense improved significantly.
2017–present: The McDermott / Allen era
2017
On January 11, 2017, Sean McDermott was hired as the head coach of the Buffalo Bills. McDermott had previously spent the past six seasons as the defensive coordinator of the Carolina Panthers. Along with McDermott, Brandon Beane, the Panthers' assistant general manager, replaced Doug Whaley as the Bills' general manager. Many of the players that Whaley had added or extended, including receiver Sammy Watkins, cornerback Ronald Darby, and defensive tackle Marcell Dareus, were traded away before or during the season. During the 2017 offseason, McDermott popularized the term "Respect the Process" when questioned if he was rebuilding the team. The tandem of McDermott and Beane have since been referred to by fans as "McBeane".
Despite low expectations for McDermott's first season, the Bills played surprisingly well aside from a 3-game midseason slump. On December 31, 2017, the Bills secured a playoff berth for the first time in 17 seasons with a win over the Miami Dolphins (concurrently with a Baltimore Ravens loss to the Cincinnati Bengals). Their season ended on January 7, 2018, when the Bills lost to the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Wild Card game by a score of 10–3.
2018
During the offseason, the Bills overhauled their roster yet again, trading away Tyrod Taylor and tackle Cordy Glenn. In addition, longtime center Eric Wood announced his retirement due to health issues, and guard Richie Incognito began suffering mental breakdowns and was released from his contract at his request. They then brought in former Bengals backup A. J. McCarron and drafted Josh Allen to compete for the starting quarterback position. On May 1, just days after the 2018 NFL draft, Russ Brandon abruptly resigned from the organization. He was replaced as president by Kim Pegula.
Nathan Peterman, who performed the best of the three quarterbacks during the 2018 preseason, was named the opening day starter. Midway through the first regular season game, in which he failed to obtain a first down until the third quarter and threw two interceptions (the team was down 40–0 by the end of Peterman's day), he was benched in favor of Allen; that game ended up a 47–3 loss to the Baltimore Ravens.
Though Allen was named starter from week 2 onward, Peterman would play several more games for the Bills after injuries to Allen but was released later in the season after several more poor performances, with Matt Barkley signed to replace him as the backup. The Bills would finish the 2018 season 6–10, fielding an anemic offense early in the year and poor special teams play throughout, but also the league's second-ranked defense.
Notable games included a 27–6 win over the heavily-favored Minnesota Vikings, a rematch of the previous year's Wild Card game against the Jacksonville Jaguars in which the Bills avenged their playoff loss, and a battle of rookie quarterbacks between Allen and Sam Darnold of the rival New York Jets. 2018 was also notable for being the final season for longtime defensive tackle Kyle Williams, who retired at the end of the season, and was widely considered the "heart and soul" of the team. Williams caught a pass from Allen in his final game with the Bills, a 42–17 victory over the Dolphins.
2019
The Bills freed up cap space after paying off the dead money for players from the Whaley era they had cut or traded. Prior to the season, numerous offensive players, such as receivers John Brown, Cole Beasley, and Andre Roberts, center Mitch Morse, running backs Frank Gore and T. J. Yeldon, and others were added in free agency, with general manager Brandon Beane dismissing the notion that "players don't want to play for Buffalo". The team also drafted defensive tackle Ed Oliver in the first round of the draft to replace Kyle Williams. Running back LeSean McCoy, who was an integral part of the offense, was one of the final preseason cuts after a strong preseason by rookie halfback Devin Singletary.
The Bills clinched their second playoff appearance in three years with a 17–10 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers in week 15, in addition to their first season with 10 or more wins in the 21st century. Buffalo entered the playoffs as the AFC's 5th seed, but lost the wild card round to the Houston Texans 22–19 in overtime, despite leading that game 16–0 in the third quarter.
2020
During the offseason, the Bills traded their first-round draft pick and several other selections for receiver Stefon Diggs, formerly of the Minnesota Vikings, and a late round draft pick. They also signed several free agent defensive linemen such as Mario Addison and Vernon Butler. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, training camp was not held at St. John Fisher College for the first time since 2000, moving to the team facility in Orchard Park in similar fashion as all other teams in the league.
Buffalo started strong thanks to a high-powered passing attack, with Josh Allen enjoying a breakout year, though the defense regressed from the previous two years early in the season. Despite back-to-back losses in weeks 5-6 to the Tennessee Titans and the Kansas City Chiefs, the reigning Super Bowl champions, the Bills won nine of their next ten games, clinching their first AFC East division title since after a week 15 win over the Denver Broncos. The Bills went on to win 13 games, tying the franchise record set in 1990 and 1991. They also swept their entire division for the first time in franchise history.
As the number two seed in the AFC, the Bills hosted their first home playoff game in 24 years, against the Indianapolis Colts. The Bills won 27-24, their first playoff win in 25 years.
The Bills went on to defeat the Baltimore Ravens 17–3 in the divisional round, advancing to the AFC Championship round. The Bills re-matched against the Chiefs in their first AFC Championship game since the 1993–94 season, but were defeated 38–24.
2021
In the offseason, Allen signed a 6-year, $258 million contract extension with the Bills, keeping him on the team until 2027. To back him up, Buffalo signed former Chicago Bears quarterback Mitchell Trubisky to a 1-year deal, replacing the departing Matt Barkley. In an effort to bolster their defense, the Bills drafted defensive linemen including Gregory Rousseau and Carlos "Boogie" Basham.
After a week 1 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Bills won the next four games in dominant fashion, which included two shutout wins and a victory over the Chiefs, before some midseason struggles, including an upset loss to the Urban Meyer-coached Jacksonville Jaguars. Following a close loss to the Tom Brady-led Tampa Bay Buccaneers, the Bills closed out the season with another 4-game winning streak, including their third win over the Patriots in two years, to clinch their second consecutive AFC East division title despite failing to match their 13–3 record from the previous year. Buffalo also finished with the league's top defense in several metrics.
Claiming the 3rd seed with an 11–6 record, the Bills hosted New England in the wild card round, winning 47–17 as they scored a touchdown on all their offensive possessions aside from the final kneeldowns and never punted or turned the ball over, a first in NFL history. They faced Kansas City in the playoffs again during the divisional round. In what would become regarded as one of the greatest playoff games in recent NFL history, the Chiefs won 42–36 in overtime. Despite another playoff loss to Kansas City, Josh Allen played well, at one point out-performing Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes until the final 13 seconds and overtime.
2022
The Bills made a high-profile free agent signing, as All-Pro pass rusher Von Miller, formerly of the Denver Broncos and Los Angeles Rams, was added to the roster after signing a six-year deal worth up to $120 million nearly ten years to the date of the Mario Williams signing. Hyped up as the "Super Bowl favorites" prior to the season, the Bills matched a franchise record by winning 13 games during the season and won their third consecutive AFC East division title. However, several events that occurred to the team and the city of Buffalo, including the 2022 Buffalo shooting, two deadly winter blizzards, and a near-fatal medical emergency to safety Damar Hamlin during the Bills' later-cancelled week 17 game against the Cincinnati Bengals, contributed to what several players described as an "emotionally draining" season. The team's performance noticeably declined during the playoffs, as the Bills barely won in the wild card round against a Miami Dolphins team down to their third-string quarterback before losing in the divisional round to the Bengals in blowout fashion.
Damar Hamlin injury
On January 2, 2023, Bills safety Damar Hamlin collapsed after tackling Tee Higgins of the Cincinnati Bengals with 5:58 left in the first quarter. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was administered on the field and a defribillator was used. He was transported by ambulance to the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. There he was intubated and listed in critical condition. He was discharged nine days later on January 11. The game against the Bengals was postponed until further notice at 10:01pm by the NFL after communication with the NFLPA. The game was deemed a No Contest by the NFL on January 5.
Future stadium proposal
On December 21, 2012 team CEO Russ Brandon, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, and Erie County Executive Mark Poloncarz announced a new 10-year lease for Ralph Wilson Stadium. Included in the terms are $130 million in renovations and a $400 million penalty if the team relocates out of Buffalo (in addition to the NFL re-locating fee). A buyout window was inserted into the lease that allowed the team to cancel the lease for a reduced $28 million fee after the 2019 season. The lease will include the team paying for part of the renovations for the first time. The deal also calls for a committee to explore building a new stadium in the Buffalo vicinity, a proposal the Pegulas eventually began pursuing in 2019. On January 31, 2020, the Bills sent a formal letter to county executive Mark Poloncarz stating they would not exercise the buyout window.
References
External links
Buffalo Bills – Official Site
Sports E-Cyclopedia – Buffalo Bills (unofficial)
Bills Toronto Series
Buffalo Bills
Buffalo Bills |
```c++
//
// Aspia Project
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
//
// along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
//
#include "common/clipboard_x11.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/files/file_descriptor_watcher_posix.h"
#include "base/message_loop/message_loop.h"
#include "base/message_loop/message_pump_asio.h"
#include "base/x11/x_server_clipboard.h"
namespace common {
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
ClipboardX11::ClipboardX11()
{
// Nothing
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
ClipboardX11::~ClipboardX11()
{
if (display_)
{
XCloseDisplay(display_);
display_ = nullptr;
}
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
void ClipboardX11::init()
{
display_ = XOpenDisplay(nullptr);
if (!display_)
{
LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Couldn't open X display";
return;
}
x_server_clipboard_ = std::make_unique<base::XServerClipboard>();
x_server_clipboard_->init(
display_, std::bind(&ClipboardX11::onData, this, std::placeholders::_1));
x_connection_watcher_ = std::make_unique<base::FileDescriptorWatcher>();
x_connection_watcher_->startWatching(
ConnectionNumber(display_),
base::FileDescriptorWatcher::Mode::WATCH_READ,
std::bind(&ClipboardX11::pumpXEvents, this));
pumpXEvents();
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
void ClipboardX11::setData(const std::string& data)
{
if (x_server_clipboard_)
x_server_clipboard_->setClipboard(data);
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
void ClipboardX11::pumpXEvents()
{
DCHECK(display_ && x_server_clipboard_);
while (XPending(display_))
{
XEvent event;
XNextEvent(display_, &event);
x_server_clipboard_->processXEvent(&event);
}
}
} // namespace common
``` |
Moshe Erem (, 7 August 1896 – 14 October 1978) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for several left-wing parties and factions from 1949 until 1959, and again from 1965 until 1969.
Biography
Born Moshe Kazanovski in Lyady in the Russian Empire (now in Belarus), Erem worked as a high school headteacher in Kaunas. He made aliyah to Mandatory Palestine in 1924, and worked in building and road construction. He joined Poale Zion movement, later becoming one of its leading figures. In the same year that he immigrated he became a member of the Tel Aviv–Jaffa workers council that year, serving on it until 1935. In 1926, he was elected onto Tel Aviv's city council.
In 1935, he was sent to the United States as a Poale Zion emissary, working there for two years. In 1937, he was invited to Spain (during the civil war) by the republican government. He also served on the Zionist Executive Committee and the Histadrut's executive committee, and worked in the Organisation department of the Jewish Agency in the 1940s.
In the 1949 elections he was voted into the Knesset on the Mapam list. He retained his seat in the 1951 elections, but on 23 August 1954, left the party alongside Israel Bar-Yehuda, Yitzhak Ben-Aharon and Aharon Zisling to re-establish Ahdut HaAvoda - Poale Zion as an independent party. He was re-elected on the new party's list in the 1955 elections, but lost his seat in 1959. He failed to win a seat in the 1961 elections, but entered the Knesset on 4 May 1965 as a replacement for the deceased Bar-Yehuda. He retained his seat in the November 1965 elections, by which time Ahdut HaAvoda had entered an alliance with Mapai, known as the Alignment. Following a formal merger of the two (with the addition of Rafi), in 1968 this became the Labor Party, and, following the addition of Mapam to the alliance, was again renamed the Alignment in 1969. Erem lost his seat in the elections that year. He died in 1978.
References
External links
1896 births
1978 deaths
People from Dubrowna District
People from Goretsky Uyezd
Belarusian Jews
Jews from the Russian Empire
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
Jewish socialists
Israeli people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
Poale Zion politicians
Mapam politicians
Ahdut HaAvoda politicians
Alignment (Israel) politicians
Israeli Labor Party politicians
Members of the Assembly of Representatives (Mandatory Palestine)
Members of the 1st Knesset (1949–1951)
Members of the 2nd Knesset (1951–1955)
Members of the 3rd Knesset (1955–1959)
Members of the 5th Knesset (1961–1965)
Members of the 6th Knesset (1965–1969)
Israeli trade unionists
Zionist activists
Imperial Moscow University alumni
Burials at Kiryat Shaul Cemetery
City councillors of Tel Aviv-Yafo |
```go
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
package influxdb
import (
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
type test struct {
in, outMetric, outMetricTail, outLabel string
}
func TestPromRewriter(t *testing.T) {
r := newPromRewriter()
tests := []test{{"foo", "foo", "foo", "foo"},
{".bar", "_bar", "_bar", "_bar"},
{"b.ar", "b_ar", "b_ar", "b_ar"},
{":bar", ":bar", ":bar", "_bar"},
{"ba:r", "ba:r", "ba:r", "ba_r"},
{"9bar", "_bar", "9bar", "_bar"},
}
for _, test := range tests {
in1 := []byte(test.in)
r.rewriteMetric(in1)
assert.Equal(t, test.outMetric, string(in1))
in2 := []byte(test.in)
r.rewriteMetricTail(in2)
assert.Equal(t, test.outMetricTail, string(in2))
in3 := []byte(test.in)
r.rewriteLabel(in3)
assert.Equal(t, test.outLabel, string(in3))
}
}
``` |
The Dragon Token is a 1992 fantasy novel by American author Melanie Rawn. It is the second novel in the Dragon Star trilogy.
Plot summary
Pol is torn between anger and guilt at his father's death and relief that he can finally act out against the invading Vellant'im. As he and his mother, Sioned, try to uncover more about the invaders, they discover hidden secrets within an ancient mirror that had belonged to Sioned's old friend, Camigwen. An ancient sorcerer, Lord Rosseyn, is trapped within the mirror. Rosseyn tells Pol of his past and teaches him more about his sorcerous heritage. Meanwhile, Pol's wife and daughters are attacked by the Vellant'im. High Princess Meiglan and Rislyn are taken captive, but Andry, who had been travelling from Goddess Keep, saves Jihan.
The southern princedoms are slowly being reclaimed, although many lives are lost, including Prince Kostas of Syr and Rihani of Ossetia. The Dorvali resistance mounts raids on the enemy, preventing them from joining the forces on the Continent, and Kierst-Isel remains secure. Goddess Keep is guarded by the Devr'im in Andry's absence.
Other princedoms, such as Grib and Fessenden, have so far remained neutral, but ambitious and/or devoted Princes try to rouse their fathers and their people.
In Firon the sorcerers capture the royal seat in Balarat and control the princedom through young Prince Tirel. Idalain, Tirel's squire in the absence of the boy's father, tries to protect the boy, but is forced to pretend he is unaware that the princedom is being overtaken. Yarin, a sorcerer and Tirel's uncle, names himself Regent of Firon. In order to keep Idalain busy, Yarin orders the squire to teach his kinsman, Aldiar, swordplay.
As the Vellanti War continues, Pol, his family, and allies must hurry to discover a weakness in their enemies and must overcome past hatreds in order to work together.
American fantasy novels
Dragon Prince series
Novels by Melanie Rawn
1993 American novels
DAW Books books
Books with cover art by Michael Whelan |
Colletotrichum derridis is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
derridis
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1950 |
Ussa is an area in Nigeria.
USSA may refer to:
Organizations
United States Sailing Association, commonly known as US Sailing
United States Ski and Snowboard Association
United States Snooker Association
United States Sports Academy
United States Student Association
University of Strathclyde Students' Association
Governments
University Sports South Africa, the governing body for higher education sport in the South Africa
Media and entertainment
U.S.S.A., American rock band
United Socialist States of America, a country in the alternate history setting of Back in the USSA
Other
Unwanted same-sex attraction, a term used in the pseudoscientific practice known as conversion therapy
See also
USA (disambiguation) |
The Japan Cup was a Street Fighter V tournament held at the 2016 Tokyo Game Show On September 17, 2016. As a Premier Event of the Capcom Pro Tour, the winner of the event automatically qualified for the 2016 Capcom Cup. The tournament was won by GamerBee, who defeated Poongko in the finale.
Background
The Tokyo Game Show has been a major gaming convention held in Tokyo since 1996. The Tokyo Game Show became part of the Capcom Pro Tour at its inception in 2014. The Street Fighter tournaments held at the event were traditionally sponsored by Mad Catz, but due to significant financial issues – losing more than $4.3 million from April to December 2015 – Mad Catz was forced to drop their sponsorship of the 2016 event. The company also dropped their sponsorship deal with two Street Fighter players: Taniguchi "Tokido" Hajime and Hayashi "Mago" Kenryo. Capcom confirmed that the tournament was to be held as scheduled regardless. The Japan Cup was one of three esports tournaments that were held at the Tokyo Game Show on September 17.
Unlike prior instances of the tournament, the Japan Cup featured an open 256-player bracket. However, the tournament had an unexpected large amount of registrants, with over 100 people signing up to compete within an hour after the registrations opened. A few hours later, the Japan Cup organizers announced that they were forced to hold a lottery to see who would compete. At the time, the tournament's organization told Yahoo Esports that there would be no preferential treatment for any players. Tokido, Fuudo, Yusuke Momochi, and Infiltration, who had all already qualified for the Capcom Cup, were absent from the tournament. Regardless, many established players with strong contending positions on the Capcom Pro Tour leaderboard attended, such as Kun Xian Ho, Daigo Umehara, and Justin Wong.
Tournament summary
The Daily Dot reported after the first day of the tournament that Japanese players such as Go1, Eita, and Kazunoko were playing well, making it through their respective pools, while American players such as alucarD and Gootecks were not able to do so. However, Taiwanese player GamerBee faced off against South-Korean player Poongko in the finale. GamerBee defeated his opponent and won the Japan Cup by playing a highly defensive Necalli. Timothy Lee of ESPN noted that the tournament "solidified" the tier list of Street Fighter V, with Cammy, Ken, Chun-Li and Karin being popular picks in the top 8.
Results
References
2016 fighting game tournaments
Esports competitions in Japan |
KIBLA or Kibla is the first multimedia and multidisciplinary art production facility in Slovenia, as well as a year-long cultural program. Kibla uses different media to maintain historical continuities in visual arts and integration of electronic and traditional media. It also incorporates classical (original) media in different contexts. It is a member of the Slavic Culture Forum. Kibla displays, distributes, and promotes the activity of 16 multimedia centers around Slovenia.
Ace Kibla programmes
Cyber, provides free internet access as well as free internet-related courses via website architecture, programs, and hardware.SRCe - Student Resource Centre – provides information on study opportunities, national and international scholarship foundations, publications, and mediates inquiries using an extensive online database.
KiBela, is a multipurpose room suited for seminars, presentations, lectures, round tables, press conferences, and a diverse cultural program, as well as a space for visual and intermedia art; ambiental displays of modern multimedia art.
Hidden Notes (Skrite note) -is a musical series that features concerts, projections, talks, and workshops including electroacoustic music.
IT@K – IT at Kibla – it is an Online and multimedia lab for the development of websites, CD-ROMs, video, audio, and real-time internet transmissions, among other things.As a social event, information technology CGP is a graphic design studio that specializes in the creation of printed materials.
Videla – digital video processing, education, courses, presentations and workshops.
Za:misel (For:thought) bookstore for sociology and humanistic studies with regular program of book presentations and literary evenings; with a reading room equipped with national and foreign literature, newspapers and periodicals.
Mimogrede (By The Way) – bimonthly with information about studying abroad and in Slovenia.
LED display for all information about MMC KIBLA and programmes;
TOX magazine – time-table through 3000, magazine (from 1995) that grew into the KIBLA publishing edition (from 1998), made several catalogues and books, e.g. Eduardo Kac: Telepresence, Biotelematics, Transgenic Art, Vili Ravnjak: The Amber way, Aleksandra Kostič's edited essays on Levitation, catalogues for Marko Jakše, Marko Črtanec, Mitjja Ficko, Theo Botscuijver, Shuzo Azuchi Gulliver, several CDs (Nino Mureškič, Vasko Atanasovski, Siti hlapci and CD-ROMs (for EU project European Multimedia Accelerator- EMMA) and DVDs for EU project txoOm.
Communication-information point KIT in Maribor City Hall (Rotovž), Glavni trg 14, where there are eight computer terminals and a multimedia classroom with ten computers and additional IT equipment.
Festivals
Day of Curiosity - Annual educational festival connecting schools, pupils, students, teachers, professors with professionals, with workshops on career choices.
Izzven – a three-day international contemporary music festival that incorporates international collaborations projects.
Kiblix – IT Linux festival - Festival about Open Source consists of topics such as mobile technologies, open source, security on the Internet and Linux.
Special programs
Committee for Vine Service – degustations, education, information service, excursions.
International cooperation
In 1999, Kibla was covered in Leonardo (MIT Press) and Flash Art and on numerous web-zines, i.e. California On-Line and in all-important Slovenian media, from newspapers and magazines to radio and TV and web.
Kibla is working on the EC-Culture 2000 (txOom, TransArtDislocated, Soziale Geraeusche and Virtual Centre Media Net are finished), FP5-IST (EMMA – European Multimedia Accelerator) and FP6-IST (PATENT – Partnership for Telecommunication New Technologies) funded programmes and projects. Kibla is also a part of the EUREKA multimedia umbrella, and finished Leonardo da Vinci supported project Name multimedia, the Multimedia Tasks & Skills Database, researching and evaluating 26 different jobs and 96 operational multimedia tasks. NAME is presented in 9 languages, with a database of more than 650 companies from 11 countries.
In 2005 KIBLA was with other partners again successful on EU-Culture 2000 and finished 2 new projects: e-Agora, which developed a virtual multimedia platform for innovative production and presentation of Performing Arts and will use the latest communication technologies (multi-user shared environments on the Internet) in order to interconnect European theatres, cultural centres, and enhance their co-operation; and TRG – Transient reality generators (http://fo.am/trg/), that focuses on the phenomenon of Mixed Reality (environments containing significant virtual and physical interaction possibilities, strongly intertwined) and examines the potential of synaesthetic MR experience design, in which the art-works become all-encompassing art-worlds. KIBLA was 3 years in a row (2001, 2002, 2003) the most successful Slovenian cultural institution and organization internationally.
See also
Opace
NKPR Inc
References
External links
Official Kibla webpage
Top Cultural European Holiday Destinations
Medi@terra Art and Technology Festival, Athens - Electronic Literature Organization
Za:misel bookstore
Hidden notes
KiBar: cybernetic bar
Communication information point KIT
Videla
TOX
IT@K
Mimogrede - By The Way newspaper
Arts centres in Slovenia
Non-profit organizations based in Slovenia
Organizations established in 1996
Digital media organizations |
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