text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Pinoteau is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Claude Pinoteau (1925–2012), French film director
Hervé Pinoteau (1927–2020), French historian
Jack Pinoteau (1923–2017), French director, brother of Claude
Xavier Pinoteau
French-language surnames |
A kazasker or kadıasker (, ḳāḍī'asker, "military judge") was a chief judge in the Ottoman Empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers, who were later tried only by their own officers. Two kazaskers were appointed, called Rumeli Kazaskeri and Anadolu Kazaskeri, having their jurisdiction respectively over the European and the Asiatic part of the Empire. They were subordinated to the Grand Vizier, later Şeyhülislam, and had no jurisdiction over the city of Constantinople. Moreover, they attended the meetings at the Imperial Council.
A Kazasker handled appeals to the decisions of kadı's, had the power to overrule these, and suggested kadı candidates to the Grand Vizier.
See also
Kadı
List of Ottoman titles and appellations
References
Sources
Historical legal occupations
Military of the Ottoman Empire
Government of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman titles
Law of the Ottoman Empire |
```rust
use std::borrow::Cow;
use anyhow::Result;
use swc_core::{
common::DUMMY_SP,
ecma::ast::{Expr, Ident},
quote,
};
use turbo_tasks::Vc;
use turbo_tasks_fs::FileSystemPath;
use turbopack_core::chunk::ChunkingContext;
use crate::{
code_gen::{CodeGenerateable, CodeGeneration},
create_visitor, magic_identifier,
references::{as_abs_path, esm::base::insert_hoisted_stmt, AstPath},
};
/// Responsible for initializing the `import.meta` object binding, so that it
/// may be referenced in th the file.
///
/// There can be many references to import.meta, and they appear at any nesting
/// in the file. But we must only initialize the binding a single time.
#[turbo_tasks::value(shared)]
#[derive(Hash, Debug)]
pub struct ImportMetaBinding {
path: Vc<FileSystemPath>,
}
#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
impl ImportMetaBinding {
#[turbo_tasks::function]
pub fn new(path: Vc<FileSystemPath>) -> Vc<Self> {
ImportMetaBinding { path }.cell()
}
}
#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
impl CodeGenerateable for ImportMetaBinding {
#[turbo_tasks::function]
async fn code_generation(
&self,
_context: Vc<Box<dyn ChunkingContext>>,
) -> Result<Vc<CodeGeneration>> {
let path = as_abs_path(self.path).await?.as_str().map_or_else(
|| {
quote!(
"(() => { throw new Error('could not convert import.meta.url to filepath') })()"
as Expr
)
},
|path| {
let formatted = encode_path(path).trim_start_matches("/ROOT/").to_string();
quote!(
"`file://${__turbopack_resolve_absolute_path__($formatted)}`" as Expr,
formatted: Expr = formatted.into()
)
},
);
let visitor = create_visitor!(visit_mut_program(program: &mut Program) {
// [NOTE] url property is lazy-evaluated, as it should be computed once turbopack_runtime injects a function
// to calculate an absolute path.
let meta = quote!(
"const $name = { get url() { return $path } };" as Stmt,
name = meta_ident(),
path: Expr = path.clone(),
);
insert_hoisted_stmt(program, meta);
});
Ok(CodeGeneration {
visitors: vec![visitor],
}
.into())
}
}
/// Handles rewriting `import.meta` references into the injected binding created
/// by ImportMetaBindi ImportMetaBinding.
///
/// There can be many references to import.meta, and they appear at any nesting
/// in the file. But all references refer to the same mutable object.
#[turbo_tasks::value(shared)]
#[derive(Hash, Debug)]
pub struct ImportMetaRef {
ast_path: Vc<AstPath>,
}
#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
impl ImportMetaRef {
#[turbo_tasks::function]
pub fn new(ast_path: Vc<AstPath>) -> Vc<Self> {
ImportMetaRef { ast_path }.cell()
}
}
#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
impl CodeGenerateable for ImportMetaRef {
#[turbo_tasks::function]
async fn code_generation(
&self,
_context: Vc<Box<dyn ChunkingContext>>,
) -> Result<Vc<CodeGeneration>> {
let ast_path = &self.ast_path.await?;
let visitor = create_visitor!(ast_path, visit_mut_expr(expr: &mut Expr) {
*expr = Expr::Ident(meta_ident());
});
Ok(CodeGeneration {
visitors: vec![visitor],
}
.into())
}
}
/// URL encodes special chars that would appear in the "pathname" portion.
/// path_to_url#L1513-L1526
fn encode_path(path: &'_ str) -> Cow<'_, str> {
let mut encoded = String::new();
let mut start = 0;
for (i, c) in path.chars().enumerate() {
let mapping = match c {
'%' => "%25",
'\\' => "%5C",
'\n' => "%0A",
'\r' => "%0D",
'\t' => "%09",
_ => continue,
};
if encoded.is_empty() {
encoded.reserve(path.len());
}
encoded += &path[start..i];
encoded += mapping;
start = i + 1;
}
if encoded.is_empty() {
return Cow::Borrowed(path);
}
encoded += &path[start..];
Cow::Owned(encoded)
}
fn meta_ident() -> Ident {
Ident::new(
magic_identifier::mangle("import.meta").into(),
DUMMY_SP,
Default::default(),
)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::encode_path;
#[test]
fn test_encode_path_regular() {
let input = "abc";
assert_eq!(encode_path(input), "abc");
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_path_special_chars() {
let input = "abc%def\\ghi\njkl\rmno\tpqr";
assert_eq!(encode_path(input), "abc%25def%5Cghi%0Ajkl%0Dmno%09pqr");
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_path_special_char_start() {
let input = "%abc";
assert_eq!(encode_path(input), "%25abc");
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_path_special_char_end() {
let input = "abc%";
assert_eq!(encode_path(input), "abc%25");
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_path_special_char_contiguous() {
let input = "%%%";
assert_eq!(encode_path(input), "%25%25%25");
}
}
``` |
```css
Position elements with `position: sticky`
Clearfix for layouts
Difference between `display: none` and `visibility: hidden`
Controlling cellpadding and cellspacing in CSS
Vertically-center anything
``` |
Die Karte mit dem Luchskopf is a German television series.
See also
List of German television series
External links
German crime television series
1963 German television series debuts
1965 German television series endings
German-language television shows
ZDF original programming |
Damrau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Diana Damrau (born 1971), German opera singer
Harry Damrau (1890–1957), American baseball player |
Hales is a small village in Norfolk, England. It covers an area of and had a population of 479 in 192 households as of the 2001 census, which had reduced to 469 at the 2011 census.
History
The villages name means 'Nooks of land'.
The manor of Hales dates back to the Domesday book. From the 11th century to the 17th century, Hales manor was held by the De Hales, later Hales, family.
Hales Hall was built in 1478 by Sir James Hobart, the Attorney General to Henry VII. He acquired the estate from Sir Roger de Hales whose daughter had married the Duke of Norfolk. In 1666, the last Hales heiress was Lady Dionysia Williamson, who left her estate to her nephew John Hoskins.
Church of St Margaret
The Church of Hales St Margaret is one of 124 existing round-tower churches in Norfolk. With its thatched roof, this church probably comes closest to the original appearance of an early round-tower church. It is in care of the Churches Conservation Trust, and is a Grade I listed building.
Transport
The X2 bus service goes from Norwich in the west to Lowestoft in the east.
Amenities
The Pastures is a care home on Yarmouth Road.
Nearest places
Loddon
Thurton
Thurlton
Raveningham
See also
Clavering hundred
References
http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Norfolk/Hales
External links
St Margaret's on the European Round Tower Churches Website
Photos from Geograph
Villages in Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk |
This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Montgomery County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Montgomery County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There are 8 historical markers located in Montgomery County.
Historical markers
See also
List of Indiana state historical markers
National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Indiana
References
External links
Indiana Historical Marker Program
Indiana Historical Bureau
Montgomery County
Historical markers |
John Sullivan (born 6 January 1991) is an Irish association football coach and former professional player who is the first team coach at Women's National League club DLR Waves.
Career
Sullivan signed for Hamilton Academical on 2 January 2009 from Irish side Bohemians. He made his professional debut on 26 December 2009, in a Scottish Premier League match against Celtic. Sullivan left Hamilton at the end of the 2009–10 season to return to Ireland, spending the 2010 season with Limerick, before moving to Shelbourne in time for the 2011 season.
Sullivan left Shelbourne on 30 July 2012.
Sullivan signed for Dundalk on 8 January 2013.
On 12 December 2015, Sullivan signed for Galway United for the 2016 season. On 4 March 2016, in the season opener against St Patrick's Athletic at Richmond Park, Sullivan made his debut and scored an 83rd-minute header in a 3–1 win. Despite the great start to his time at Galway United, it was announced on 28 June 2016 that Sullivan had left the club citing travel issues.
Sullivan re-signed for Bray Wanderers in July 2016. He left Bray after their 2018 season, spending 2019 playing with amateur teams Bluebell United and Crumlin United. He then stopped playing at 28 years old and joined DLR Waves as a coach for their 2020 season.
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Association footballers from Dublin (city)
Republic of Ireland men's association footballers
Crumlin United F.C. players
Bohemian F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Limerick F.C. players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Drogheda United F.C. players
Dundalk F.C. players
Bray Wanderers F.C. players
Galway United F.C. players
Scottish Premier League players
League of Ireland players
Men's association football midfielders
Republic of Ireland men's youth international footballers |
Thujaplicins (isopropyl cycloheptatrienolones) are a series of tropolone-related chemical substances that have been isolated from the softwoods of the trees of Cupressaceae family. These compounds are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. They were the first natural tropolones to be made synthetically.
History
Thujaplicins were discovered in the mid-1930s and purified from the heartwood of Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, commonly called as Western red cedar tree. These compounds were also identified in the constituents of Chamaecyparis obtusa, another species from the Cupressaceae family. C. obtusa is native to East Asian countries including Japan and Taiwan, and is also known as Taiwan hinoki, from which the β-thujaplicin was first isolated in 1936 and received its name, hinokitiol. Thujaplicins were the first natural tropolones to be made synthetically, by Ralph Raphael and colleagues, and the β-thujaplicin was the first non-benzenoid aromatic compound identified, by Tetsuo Nozoe and colleagues. The resistance of the heartwood of the tree to decay was the main reason prompting to investigate its content and identify the compounds responsible for antimicrobial properties. β-thujaplicin gained more scientific interest beginning in the 2000s. Later, iron-binding activity of β-thujaplicin was discovered and the molecule has been ironically nicknamed as “Iron Man molecule”, because the first name of Tetsuo Nozoe can be translated into English as “Iron Man”.
Occurrence and isolation
Tjujaplicins are found in the heartwood of the conifer trees belonging to the Cupressaceae family, including Chamaecyparis obtusa (Hinoki cypress), Thuja plicata (Western red cedar), Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai (Hinoki asunaro), Juniperus cedrus (Canary Islands juniper), Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar), Cupressus lusitanica (Mexican white cedar), Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port Orford cedar), Chamaecyparis taiwanensis (Taiwan cypress), Chamaecyparis thyoides (Atlantic white cedar), Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress), Cupressus macnabiana (MacNab cypress), Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey cypress), Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper), Juniperus communis (Common juniper), Juniperus californica (California juniper), Juniperus occidentalis (Western juniper), Juniperus oxycedrus (Cade), Juniperus sabina (Savin juniper), Calocedrus decurrens (California incense-cedar), Calocedrus formosana (Taiwan incense-cedar), Platycladus orientalis (Chinese thuja), Thuja occidentalis (Northern white-cedar), Thuja standishii (Japanese thuja), Tetraclinis articulata (Sandarac).
Thujaplicins can be produced in plant cell suspension cultures, or can be extracted from wood using solvents and ultrasonication.
Biosynthesis
Thujaplicins can be synthesized by cycloaddition of isopropylcyclopentadiene and dichloroketene, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 5-isopropyl-1-methyl-3-oxidopyridinium, ring expansion of 2-isopropylcyclohexanone, regiocontrolled hydroxylation of oxyallyl (4+3) cycloadducts, from (R)-(+)-limonene regioselectively by several steps, and from troponeirontricarbonyl complex by few steps. The synthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin from troponeirontricarbonyl complex is found below:
The synthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin by electro-reductive alkylation of substituted cycloheptatrienes is shown below:
The synthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin through ring expansion of 2-isopropylcyclohexanone is shown below:
The synthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin through oxyallyl cation [4+3] cyclization (Noyori's synthesis) is shown below:
Chemistry
Thujaplicins belong to tropolones containing an unsaturated seven-membered carbon ring. Thujaplicins are monoterpenoids that are cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at positions 3, 4 or 5. These compounds are enols and cyclic ketones. They derive from a hydride of a cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene. Thujaplicins are soluble in organic solvents and aqueous buffers. Hinokitiol is soluble in ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide with a solubility of 20, 30 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. β-thujaplicin provides acetone on vigorous oxidation and gives the saturated monocyclic diol upon catalytic hydrogenation. It is stable to alkali and acids, forming salts or remaining unchanged, but does not convert to catechol derivatives. The complexes made of iron and tropolones display high thermodynamic stability and has shown to have a stronger binding constant than the transferrin-iron complex.
There are three isomers of thujaplicin, with the isopropyl group positioned progressively further from the two oxygen atoms around the ring: α-thujaplicin, β-thujaplicin, and γ-thujaplicin. β-Thujaplicin, also called hinokitiol, is the most common in nature. Each exists in two tautomeric forms, swapping the hydroxyl hydrogen to the other oxygen, meaning the two oxygen substituents do not have distinct "carbonyl" vs "hydroxyl" identities. The extent of this exchange is that the tropolone ring is aromatic with an overall cationic nature, and the oxygen–hydrogen–oxygen region has an anionic nature.
Biological properties
Insecticidal and pesticidal activity
Thujaplicins are shown to act against Reticulitermes speratus (Japanese termites), Coptotermes formosanus (super termites), Dermatophagoides farinae (dust mites), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (mould mites), Callosobruchus chinensis (adzuki bean weevil), Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetle).
Hinokitiol has also shown some larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Culex pipiens (common house mosquito), and anti-plasmodial activities against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei.
Antioxidant activity
Chelating and ionophore activity
Thujaplicins, as other tropolones, demonstrate chelating activity, acting as an ionophore by binding different metal ions.
Anti-browning activity
Tropolone and thujaplicins exhibit potent suppressive activity on enzymatic browning due to inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and tyrosinase. This have been shown in experiments on different vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, plants and other agricultural products. Prevention of darkening has also been elicited on seafood products.
Applications
Skin care and cosmetics
Owing to their antibacterial activities against various microbes colonizing and affecting the skin, thujaplicins are used in skin care and hair growth products, and are especially popular in Eastern Asia.
Oral care
Hinokitiol is used in various oral care products, including toothpastes and oral sprays.
Veterinary medicine
Due to its antifungal activity against Malassezia pachydermatis, it is used in eardrop formulations for external otitis in dogs.
Agriculture
Considering their antifungal activity against many plant-pathogenic fungi, and pesticidal and insecticidal properties, the role of thujaplicins in agriculture is evolving, including their use in the management of different plant diseases and for controlling the postharvest decay.
Food additive
Thujaplicins are used as food additives in Japan. Due to its suppressive activity on food browning and the inhibitory activity against bacteria and fungi causing food spoilage (such as Clostridium perfringens, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusobacterium species, Monilinia fructicola and Rhizopus stolonifer), hinokitiol is also used in food packaging as a shelf-life extending agent.
References
Tropolones
Monoterpenes
Isopropyl compounds
Non-benzenoid aromatic carbocycles
Ionophores
Chelating agents
Antifungals
Fungicides
Antiviral drugs
Insecticides
Pesticides
Skin care
Oral hygiene
Antioxidants
Food additives |
Matthew Burton may refer to:
Matthew Burton (Australian footballer) (born 1970), Australian rules footballer
Matthew Burton (English footballer) (1897–1940), inter-war English footballer
Matthew Burton (long jumper) (born 1987), British long jumper and champion at the 2013 British Indoor Athletics Championships |
Kamouh el Hermel, the Pyramid of Hermel (also known as God's Pyramid, House of El, the Funnel of Hermel or Needle of Hermel) is an ancient pyramid located south of Hermel in Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.
Location, description
The pyramid sits on top of a hill that is clearly visible from a distance and has been fenced off to prevent damage. Despite this, the monument was heavily vandalised by locals in 2000–2018, all the four faces of the base being covered with graffiti and no serious measures being taken by the authorities for its conservation. It is between and high and sits on a base measuring around with three steps made from black basalt. On the base site two massive limestone blocks weighing between and . The blocks are around high and wide and are crowned by a pyramid measuring some high. Some sections of the monument were restored in 1931. A relief on the north side depicts two deer, possibly caught in a hunting trap. On the east side is a carved image of a boar being attacked by dogs and speared. The south side is badly damaged but shows an image considered possibly to be a bear. The relief on the west side shows two wolves attacking a bull.
Shepherd Neolithic archaeological site
Evidence was found of a Shepherd Neolithic archaeological site in the area around the monument, on the south and west of the hill. The site was discovered and a collection of flint tools used during the Neolithic Revolution was made by Lorraine Copeland and Frank Skeels in 1965. Materials recovered included blade-butts with scraping edges or notches, borers, cores (one with a twin edge) and small flakes. Some pieces were vaguely bifacial. The flints found were in a grey or chocolate-brown colour with some having a shiny patina.
Modern identification
The pyramid has been suggested to date to the first or second century BC due to similarities with architecture of tower tombs of the late Seleucid era at Palmyra in Syria. It was considered by William McClure Thomson to possibly have been of Ancient Greek construction; however, the lack of inscriptions puzzled him as he thought the ancient Greeks to be a "scribbling generation". Thomson also entertained the notion, along with Charles William Meredith van de Velde that the construction may have been Assyrian. René Dussaud later suggested that although the reliefs resembled the Ishtar Gate, the edifice was likely a monument to the hunting prowess of a member of Syrian royalty from the first century BC.
Gallery
References
External links
Hermel Pyramid on Wikimapia.org
Kamouh Hermel video on YouTube
al-hermel.org (in Arabic)
Hermel Pyramid on discoverlebanon.com
Qâmoûaa el Hermel on travelingluck.com
Qâmoûaa el Hermel on geographic.org
Images of Qâmou el Hermel on Lebanoneguide.com
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
Hermel District
Great Rift Valley
Archaeological sites in Lebanon
Populated places in Lebanon
Beqaa Valley
Shepherd Neolithic sites
Pyramids in Asia
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Western Asia
Tourist attractions in Lebanon
Hellenistic sites |
Victoria Sendón de León (born 1942) is a Spanish philosopher, feminist and writer.
A difference feminist, Sendón de León has criticized equality feminism’s emphasis on rationality and ideals of equality:
Works
Sobre diosas, amazonas y vestales: Utopías para un feminismo radical [On goddesses, Amazons and vestals: Utopias for a radical feminism], 1981
La España herética, 1986
Más allá de Itaca: sobre complicidades y conjuras, 1988
Feminismo holístico: de la realidad a lo real, 1994
Marcar las diferencias: discursos feministas ante un nuevo siglo, 2002
Mujeres en la era global : contra un patriarcado neoliberal, 2003
Matria: el horizonte de lo posible, 2006
References
1942 births
Living people
Spanish philosophers
Spanish feminists
Spanish women philosophers |
Nanfaxin Area () is an area and a town in western Shunyi District, Beijing, China. It borders Mapo Town and Shuangfeng Subdistrict to its north, Wangquan Subdistrict and Renhe Town to its east, Capital Airport Subdistrict to its south, Houshayu and Gaoliying Towns to its west. The 2020 Chinese census counted 54,195 residents for the area.
The settlement here used to be called Faxin Village, named after the two dominant families, Fa (法) and Xin (信), within the region. During the Ming dynasty, many villagers moved north and established another Faxin Village, so this region was renamed Nanfaxin () to avoid confusion.
History
Administrative divisions
In 2021, Nanfaxin Area was made up of 17 subdivisions, in which 1 was a community and 16 were villages:
Gallery
See also
List of township-level divisions of Beijing
References
Shunyi District
Towns in Beijing
Areas of Beijing |
Muhammad Jasimuddin Rahmani is chief of the Al Qaeda affiliated, radical Islamist organization Ansarullah Bangla Team. He is currently in custody in Bangladesh charged under the Anti-Terrorism Act. He advocated the murder of atheists.
Militant activity
He was the Imam of Hatembagh Jame Masjid in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He studied in madrasas in Bangladesh and outside the country. He was inspired by Al-Qaeda leader Anwar al-Awlaki. He used to preach his message on a website called "Ansarulla Bangla Team" whose servers are located in Pakistan. Ansarullah Bangla Team was responsible for the murder of a number of secular activist in Bangladesh. He has a madrassa located in Mohammadpur, Dhaka. The Madrasa was visited by students from Dhaka University and North South University. Quazi Mohammad Rezwanul Ahsan Nafis was a regular at the Madrasa, he is currently in prison in the United States for trying to bomb the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Arrest
Muhammad Jasimuddin Rahmani was arrested on 12 August 2013 from Barguna, Bangladesh along with 30 members of his organisation for inciting people to commit violent Jihad. He is currently serving a five-year prison sentence.
References
Bangladeshi Islamists
Sunni Islamists
Bangladeshi male criminals
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People convicted on terrorism charges
Leaders of Islamic terror groups |
Sherman Township is a township in
Monona County, Iowa, USA.
References
Populated places in Monona County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa |
```emacs lisp
;;; ob-makefile.el --- Babel Functions for Makefile -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
;; Author: Eric Schulte
;; Thomas S. Dye
;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research
;; Homepage: path_to_url
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <path_to_url
;;; Commentary:
;; This file exists solely for tangling a Makefile from Org files.
;;; Code:
(require 'ob)
(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:makefile '())
(defun org-babel-execute:makefile (body _params)
"Execute a block of makefile code.
This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'."
body)
(defun org-babel-prep-session:makefile (_session _params)
"Return an error if the :session header argument is set. Make
does not support sessions."
(error "Makefile sessions are nonsensical"))
(provide 'ob-makefile)
;;; ob-makefile.el ends here
``` |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
~
~
~ path_to_url
~
~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="path_to_url"
xmlns:app="path_to_url"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
android:id="@+id/app_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="@dimen/app_bar_height"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay"
>
<com.google.android.material.appbar.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:id="@+id/toolbar_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:expandedTitleMarginBottom="24dp"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed"
app:toolbarId="@+id/toolbar"
>
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin"
app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay"
app:title="@string/title_demo_basic"
/>
</com.google.android.material.appbar.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
</com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>
<im.ene.toro.widget.Container
android:id="@+id/player_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
/>
</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
``` |
René Puissesseau (25 September 1919 – 7 July 1970, Siem Reap) was a French journalist and chief reporter working for the ORTF.
For a long time he headed the political service of France-Soir
In 1957, he received the Albert Londres Prize for his reportages compiled under the title Quelqu'un mourra ce soir aux Caraïbes, Éditions Gallimard.
He later participated in the famous television magazine Cinq colonnes à la une.
He died age 50 in Cambodia in the exercise of his duties, as did Raymond Meyer (26 years), cameraman. Alain Clément, the soundman, was the only member of the trio not to be victim of the bullets fired at their exit of the Angkor Vat temple.
External links
Hommage aux journalistes disparus ou morts en mission Renaud Donnadieu de Vabres 29 July 2004
René Puissesseau on the Journalist memorial
Someone will die tonight in the Caribbean on KirKus
René Puissesseau on data.bnf.fr
Assassinated French journalists
20th-century French journalists
Albert Londres Prize recipients
20th-century assassinated people
1919 births
1970 deaths |
```javascript
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{{adjective}} {{noun}} so we can {{verb}} the {{abbreviation}} {{noun}}!","{{ingverb}} the {{noun}} won't do anything, we need to {{verb}} the {{adjective}} {{abbreviation}} {{noun}}!","I'll {{verb}} the {{adjective}} {{abbreviation}} {{noun}}, that should {{noun}} the {{abbreviation}} {{noun}}!"]);return a.helpers.mustache(s,t)},e};e.exports=t},{}],8:[function(a,e){var t=function(a){var e=this;return e.randomize=function(e){return e=e||["a","b","c"],a.random.arrayElement(e)},e.slugify=function(a){return a=a||"",a.replace(/ /g,"-").replace(/[^\w\.\-]+/g,"")},e.replaceSymbolWithNumber=function(e,t){e=e||"",void 0===t&&(t="#");for(var s="",i=0;i<e.length;i++)s+=e.charAt(i)==t?a.random.number(9):e.charAt(i);return s},e.replaceSymbols=function(e){e=e||"";for(var 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``` |
Happiness Never Comes Alone () is a 2012 French romantic comedy film directed by James Huth and starring Gad Elmaleh, Sophie Marceau, and Maurice Barthélémy. Written by James Huth and Sonja Shillito, the film is about a young jazz musician who enjoys seducing young women. His carefree life of pleasure is interrupted when he meets an older woman with three children, two ex-husbands, and a thriving professional life, and the two, who have nothing in common, become involved in a romantic relationship.
Plot
Sacha (Gad Elmaleh) is a talented jazz pianist who does not take life too seriously. He loves his friends, his piano, and he loves to party. At night, he plays in a jazz club and enjoys seducing pretty young girls. He lives for the moment, looking for pleasure, with no responsibility, no family, and no taxes. Sacha's carefree life changes suddenly when he meets a forty-something career woman named Charlotte (Sophie Marceau) one rainy afternoon. After they make love, Sacha discovers that Charlotte has three children, not to mention a jealous soon-to-be ex-husband who runs the multinational company they both work for. Although she no longer loves her husband, she has a hard time untying the knot because of his wealth and power. Sacha and Charlotte have seemingly nothing in common, but they may just be made for each other.
Cast
Gad Elmaleh as Sacha
Sophie Marceau as Charlotte
Maurice Barthélemy as Laurent
François Berléand as Alain Posche
Michaël Abiteboul as Lionel
Julie-Anne Roth as Chris
Macha Méril as Fanfan Keller
François Vincentelli as César
Timéo Leloup as Léonard
Milena Chiron as Suzy
Timothé Gauron as Louis
Litzi Vezsi as Mamie Matzü
Cyril Guei as Xavier
Bérénice Marlohe as Laurent's date
Production
Happiness Never Comes Alone was filmed on location in Paris and New York City. Scenes were shot in Parc Monceau, Paris 8. Principal photography took place from 17 May to 29 July 2011.
Reception
The film received generally positive reviews. In his review in Variety, Boyd van Hoeij called it a "glossy romantic comedy filled with amusing pratfalls and palpable chemistry." Noting that the film explores the problems of beginning a new relationship while raising children, Hoeij goes on to write:
Evoking the classic Hollywood screwball comedies, the film "finds just the right balance between his and her perspectives, while the actors breathe life into their slightly clichéd characters by keeping things low-key and affable, displaying enough chemistry to have auds root for them against all odds."
In her review on the Urban Cinefile website, Louise Keller wrote, "Like a good piece of jazz that surprises by its melodies, harmonies and rhythms, this delectable comedy mixes up music, art, kids and love in surprising juxtapositions, delivering a vibrant splash of life. ... Elmaleh and Marceau carry the film with their style, charisma and chemistry in this feel-good breezy encounter." Also on Urban Cinefile, Andrew L. Urban felt the movie was "blessed with a soundtrack showing impeccable taste" and that the "establishing scenes are the best things about the film, as it shows its heart on its sleeve, turning on the magic realism charm, seducing us with its overt romanticism and letting us feast on two characters falling madly in love."
References
External links
2012 films
2012 romantic comedy films
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in Paris
French romantic comedy films
Films directed by James Huth
Films scored by Bruno Coulais
2010s French films |
```c++
//===- ARMRegisterBankInfo.cpp -----------------------------------*- C++ -*-==//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
/// \file
/// This file implements the targeting of the RegisterBankInfo class for ARM.
/// \todo This should be generated by TableGen.
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#include "ARMRegisterBankInfo.h"
#include "ARMInstrInfo.h" // For the register classes
#include "ARMSubtarget.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/GlobalISel/RegisterBank.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/GlobalISel/RegisterBankInfo.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
#define GET_TARGET_REGBANK_IMPL
#include "ARMGenRegisterBank.inc"
using namespace llvm;
// FIXME: TableGen this.
// If it grows too much and TableGen still isn't ready to do the job, extract it
// into an ARMGenRegisterBankInfo.def (similar to AArch64).
namespace llvm {
namespace ARM {
enum PartialMappingIdx {
PMI_GPR,
PMI_SPR,
PMI_DPR,
PMI_Min = PMI_GPR,
};
RegisterBankInfo::PartialMapping PartMappings[]{
// GPR Partial Mapping
{0, 32, GPRRegBank},
// SPR Partial Mapping
{0, 32, FPRRegBank},
// DPR Partial Mapping
{0, 64, FPRRegBank},
};
#ifndef NDEBUG
static bool checkPartMapping(const RegisterBankInfo::PartialMapping &PM,
unsigned Start, unsigned Length,
unsigned RegBankID) {
return PM.StartIdx == Start && PM.Length == Length &&
PM.RegBank->getID() == RegBankID;
}
static void checkPartialMappings() {
assert(
checkPartMapping(PartMappings[PMI_GPR - PMI_Min], 0, 32, GPRRegBankID) &&
"Wrong mapping for GPR");
assert(
checkPartMapping(PartMappings[PMI_SPR - PMI_Min], 0, 32, FPRRegBankID) &&
"Wrong mapping for SPR");
assert(
checkPartMapping(PartMappings[PMI_DPR - PMI_Min], 0, 64, FPRRegBankID) &&
"Wrong mapping for DPR");
}
#endif
enum ValueMappingIdx {
InvalidIdx = 0,
GPR3OpsIdx = 1,
SPR3OpsIdx = 4,
DPR3OpsIdx = 7,
};
RegisterBankInfo::ValueMapping ValueMappings[] = {
// invalid
{nullptr, 0},
// 3 ops in GPRs
{&PartMappings[PMI_GPR - PMI_Min], 1},
{&PartMappings[PMI_GPR - PMI_Min], 1},
{&PartMappings[PMI_GPR - PMI_Min], 1},
// 3 ops in SPRs
{&PartMappings[PMI_SPR - PMI_Min], 1},
{&PartMappings[PMI_SPR - PMI_Min], 1},
{&PartMappings[PMI_SPR - PMI_Min], 1},
// 3 ops in DPRs
{&PartMappings[PMI_DPR - PMI_Min], 1},
{&PartMappings[PMI_DPR - PMI_Min], 1},
{&PartMappings[PMI_DPR - PMI_Min], 1}};
#ifndef NDEBUG
static bool checkValueMapping(const RegisterBankInfo::ValueMapping &VM,
RegisterBankInfo::PartialMapping *BreakDown) {
return VM.NumBreakDowns == 1 && VM.BreakDown == BreakDown;
}
static void checkValueMappings() {
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[GPR3OpsIdx],
&PartMappings[PMI_GPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 GPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[GPR3OpsIdx + 1],
&PartMappings[PMI_GPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 GPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[GPR3OpsIdx + 2],
&PartMappings[PMI_GPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 GPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[SPR3OpsIdx],
&PartMappings[PMI_SPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 SPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[SPR3OpsIdx + 1],
&PartMappings[PMI_SPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 SPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[SPR3OpsIdx + 2],
&PartMappings[PMI_SPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 SPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[DPR3OpsIdx],
&PartMappings[PMI_DPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 DPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[DPR3OpsIdx + 1],
&PartMappings[PMI_DPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 DPR ops instruction");
assert(checkValueMapping(ValueMappings[DPR3OpsIdx + 2],
&PartMappings[PMI_DPR - PMI_Min]) &&
"Wrong value mapping for 3 DPR ops instruction");
}
#endif
} // end namespace arm
} // end namespace llvm
ARMRegisterBankInfo::ARMRegisterBankInfo(const TargetRegisterInfo &TRI)
: ARMGenRegisterBankInfo() {
static bool AlreadyInit = false;
// We have only one set of register banks, whatever the subtarget
// is. Therefore, the initialization of the RegBanks table should be
// done only once. Indeed the table of all register banks
// (ARM::RegBanks) is unique in the compiler. At some point, it
// will get tablegen'ed and the whole constructor becomes empty.
if (AlreadyInit)
return;
AlreadyInit = true;
const RegisterBank &RBGPR = getRegBank(ARM::GPRRegBankID);
(void)RBGPR;
assert(&ARM::GPRRegBank == &RBGPR && "The order in RegBanks is messed up");
// Initialize the GPR bank.
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::GPRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::GPRwithAPSRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::GPRnopcRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::rGPRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::tGPRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::tcGPRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::tGPR_and_tcGPRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::tGPREven_and_tGPR_and_tcGPRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.covers(*TRI.getRegClass(ARM::tGPROdd_and_tcGPRRegClassID)) &&
"Subclass not added?");
assert(RBGPR.getSize() == 32 && "GPRs should hold up to 32-bit");
#ifndef NDEBUG
ARM::checkPartialMappings();
ARM::checkValueMappings();
#endif
}
const RegisterBank &
ARMRegisterBankInfo::getRegBankFromRegClass(const TargetRegisterClass &RC,
LLT) const {
using namespace ARM;
switch (RC.getID()) {
case GPRRegClassID:
case GPRwithAPSRRegClassID:
case GPRnopcRegClassID:
case rGPRRegClassID:
case GPRspRegClassID:
case tGPR_and_tcGPRRegClassID:
case tcGPRRegClassID:
case tGPRRegClassID:
case tGPREvenRegClassID:
case tGPROddRegClassID:
case tGPR_and_tGPREvenRegClassID:
case tGPR_and_tGPROddRegClassID:
case tGPREven_and_tcGPRRegClassID:
case tGPREven_and_tGPR_and_tcGPRRegClassID:
case tGPROdd_and_tcGPRRegClassID:
return getRegBank(ARM::GPRRegBankID);
case HPRRegClassID:
case SPR_8RegClassID:
case SPRRegClassID:
case DPR_8RegClassID:
case DPRRegClassID:
case QPRRegClassID:
return getRegBank(ARM::FPRRegBankID);
default:
llvm_unreachable("Unsupported register kind");
}
llvm_unreachable("Switch should handle all register classes");
}
const RegisterBankInfo::InstructionMapping &
ARMRegisterBankInfo::getInstrMapping(const MachineInstr &MI) const {
auto Opc = MI.getOpcode();
// Try the default logic for non-generic instructions that are either copies
// or already have some operands assigned to banks.
if (!isPreISelGenericOpcode(Opc) || Opc == TargetOpcode::G_PHI) {
const InstructionMapping &Mapping = getInstrMappingImpl(MI);
if (Mapping.isValid())
return Mapping;
}
using namespace TargetOpcode;
const MachineFunction &MF = *MI.getParent()->getParent();
const MachineRegisterInfo &MRI = MF.getRegInfo();
unsigned NumOperands = MI.getNumOperands();
const ValueMapping *OperandsMapping = &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx];
switch (Opc) {
case G_ADD:
case G_SUB: {
// Integer operations where the source and destination are in the
// same register class.
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
OperandsMapping = Ty.getSizeInBits() == 64
? &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]
: &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx];
break;
}
case G_MUL:
case G_AND:
case G_OR:
case G_XOR:
case G_LSHR:
case G_ASHR:
case G_SHL:
case G_SDIV:
case G_UDIV:
case G_SEXT:
case G_ZEXT:
case G_ANYEXT:
case G_PTR_ADD:
case G_INTTOPTR:
case G_PTRTOINT:
case G_CTLZ:
// FIXME: We're abusing the fact that everything lives in a GPR for now; in
// the real world we would use different mappings.
OperandsMapping = &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx];
break;
case G_TRUNC: {
// In some cases we may end up with a G_TRUNC from a 64-bit value to a
// 32-bit value. This isn't a real floating point trunc (that would be a
// G_FPTRUNC). Instead it is an integer trunc in disguise, which can appear
// because the legalizer doesn't distinguish between integer and floating
// point values so it may leave some 64-bit integers un-narrowed. Until we
// have a more principled solution that doesn't let such things sneak all
// the way to this point, just map the source to a DPR and the destination
// to a GPR.
LLT LargeTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
OperandsMapping =
LargeTy.getSizeInBits() <= 32
? &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx]
: getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_LOAD:
case G_STORE: {
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
OperandsMapping =
Ty.getSizeInBits() == 64
? getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx]})
: &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx];
break;
}
case G_FADD:
case G_FSUB:
case G_FMUL:
case G_FDIV:
case G_FNEG: {
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
OperandsMapping =Ty.getSizeInBits() == 64
? &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]
: &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx];
break;
}
case G_FMA: {
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
OperandsMapping =
Ty.getSizeInBits() == 64
? getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]})
: getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_FPEXT: {
LLT ToTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
LLT FromTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
if (ToTy.getSizeInBits() == 64 && FromTy.getSizeInBits() == 32)
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_FPTRUNC: {
LLT ToTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
LLT FromTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
if (ToTy.getSizeInBits() == 32 && FromTy.getSizeInBits() == 64)
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_FPTOSI:
case G_FPTOUI: {
LLT ToTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
LLT FromTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
if ((FromTy.getSizeInBits() == 32 || FromTy.getSizeInBits() == 64) &&
ToTy.getSizeInBits() == 32)
OperandsMapping =
FromTy.getSizeInBits() == 64
? getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]})
: getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_SITOFP:
case G_UITOFP: {
LLT ToTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
LLT FromTy = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
if (FromTy.getSizeInBits() == 32 &&
(ToTy.getSizeInBits() == 32 || ToTy.getSizeInBits() == 64))
OperandsMapping =
ToTy.getSizeInBits() == 64
? getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx]})
: getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_FCONSTANT: {
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
OperandsMapping = getOperandsMapping(
{Ty.getSizeInBits() == 64 ? &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]
: &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx],
nullptr});
break;
}
case G_CONSTANT:
case G_FRAME_INDEX:
case G_GLOBAL_VALUE:
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx], nullptr});
break;
case G_SELECT: {
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
(void)Ty;
LLT Ty2 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
(void)Ty2;
assert(Ty.getSizeInBits() == 32 && "Unsupported size for G_SELECT");
assert(Ty2.getSizeInBits() == 1 && "Unsupported size for G_SELECT");
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_ICMP: {
LLT Ty2 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(2).getReg());
(void)Ty2;
assert(Ty2.getSizeInBits() == 32 && "Unsupported size for G_ICMP");
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx], nullptr,
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_FCMP: {
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
(void)Ty;
LLT Ty1 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(2).getReg());
LLT Ty2 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(3).getReg());
(void)Ty2;
assert(Ty.getSizeInBits() == 1 && "Unsupported size for G_FCMP");
assert(Ty1.getSizeInBits() == Ty2.getSizeInBits() &&
"Mismatched operand sizes for G_FCMP");
unsigned Size = Ty1.getSizeInBits();
assert((Size == 32 || Size == 64) && "Unsupported size for G_FCMP");
auto FPRValueMapping = Size == 32 ? &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::SPR3OpsIdx]
: &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx];
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx], nullptr,
FPRValueMapping, FPRValueMapping});
break;
}
case G_MERGE_VALUES: {
// We only support G_MERGE_VALUES for creating a double precision floating
// point value out of two GPRs.
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
LLT Ty1 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
LLT Ty2 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(2).getReg());
if (Ty.getSizeInBits() != 64 || Ty1.getSizeInBits() != 32 ||
Ty2.getSizeInBits() != 32)
return getInvalidInstructionMapping();
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_UNMERGE_VALUES: {
// We only support G_UNMERGE_VALUES for splitting a double precision
// floating point value into two GPRs.
LLT Ty = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
LLT Ty1 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(1).getReg());
LLT Ty2 = MRI.getType(MI.getOperand(2).getReg());
if (Ty.getSizeInBits() != 32 || Ty1.getSizeInBits() != 32 ||
Ty2.getSizeInBits() != 64)
return getInvalidInstructionMapping();
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx],
&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]});
break;
}
case G_BR:
OperandsMapping = getOperandsMapping({nullptr});
break;
case G_BRCOND:
OperandsMapping =
getOperandsMapping({&ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx], nullptr});
break;
case DBG_VALUE: {
SmallVector<const ValueMapping *, 4> OperandBanks(NumOperands);
const MachineOperand &MaybeReg = MI.getOperand(0);
if (MaybeReg.isReg() && MaybeReg.getReg()) {
unsigned Size = MRI.getType(MaybeReg.getReg()).getSizeInBits();
if (Size > 32 && Size != 64)
return getInvalidInstructionMapping();
OperandBanks[0] = Size == 64 ? &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::DPR3OpsIdx]
: &ARM::ValueMappings[ARM::GPR3OpsIdx];
}
OperandsMapping = getOperandsMapping(OperandBanks);
break;
}
default:
return getInvalidInstructionMapping();
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumOperands; i++) {
for (const auto &Mapping : OperandsMapping[i]) {
assert(
(Mapping.RegBank->getID() != ARM::FPRRegBankID ||
MF.getSubtarget<ARMSubtarget>().hasVFP2Base()) &&
"Trying to use floating point register bank on target without vfp");
}
}
#endif
return getInstructionMapping(DefaultMappingID, /*Cost=*/1, OperandsMapping,
NumOperands);
}
``` |
A line sheet is a sheet used by a manufacturer in the garment/fashion industry providing information on a product for wholesale sales. It allows a garment to be listed with the sizes in its size range, great for inventory tracking. It typically includes a line drawing or photograph of the product (possibly computer generated), its identification or SKU number, the style, and perhaps a swatch showing color and fabric. In lieu of swatches industry color standards such as Pantone numbers may be used. Price, minimum order amounts, order cutoff dates, contact and delivery information are also included.
A line sheet is a marketing tool that presents the needed information to the potential customer. It is used in both printed and digital formats.
Structure
As the main idea of the line sheet is to present a big amount of information in a clear way, there is a certain structure.
Line Sheet consists of:
Business general information
Business name
Logo
Contact information
Address
Product details
Product variants
Size
Color
Material
Product's availability
Product number/SKU
Wholesale information
Wholesale prices
Order minimum
Shipping details
Return policy
Sometimes a line sheet will also include a short description of the company's values and history. This is done to build an emotional connection with the client.
Design
A professional line sheet has a clean and straightforward design, not to distract the attention of the product. It includes white or plain background and a simple linear structure. Fashion line sheet templates may consist of a cover shot or lifestyle image.
Include a call to action to direct your buyers. Ensure that the needed information, such as a phone number or a link to your website, is visible at first glance.
Create "new" and "bestsellers" headlines in your product line sheet to direct sales where they are most desired.
References
Fashion |
Lotte in Weimar () is a 1975 East German drama film directed by Egon Günther and produced by DEFA. It was entered into the 1975 Cannes Film Festival. It is based on the 1939 novel, Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns by Nobel Prize–winning German novelist Thomas Mann.
Cast
Lilli Palmer as Lotte
Martin Hellberg as Goethe
Rolf Ludwig as Mager, the waiter
Hilmar Baumann as August, Goethe's son
Jutta Hoffmann as Adele Schopenhauer
Katharina Thalbach as Ottilie von Pogwisch
Monika Lennartz as Charlotte, Lotte's daughter
Norbert Christian as Professor Johann Heinrich Meyer
Hans-Joachim Hegewald as Dr. Riemer
Walter Lendrich as Ridel, Landkammerrat
Dieter Mann as Karl, the butler
Angelika Ritter as Klaerchen, the lady's maid
Annemone Haase as Amalie Ridel
Gisa Stoll as Mrs. Riemer
Christa Lehmann as Mrs. Meyer
References
External links
1975 films
1975 drama films
East German films
German drama films
1970s German-language films
Films based on German novels
Films based on works by Thomas Mann
Films directed by Egon Günther
Works about Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Cultural depictions of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Films set in the 1810s
The Sorrows of Young Werther
1970s German films |
```xml
export { BlockchainExportCommand } from 'lisk-commander';
``` |
Tumarkin, Tomarkin or Toumarkin may refer to:
People
Anna Tumarkin (born 1875), Swiss philosopher
Leander Tomarkin (born 1865), Swiss impostor
lev Tumarkin, (1901-1974) Russian mathematician
Maurice Tumarkin, (1900-1972, American fashion designer
Peter Tomarken (born 1942), American game show host
Yakov-Yan Toumarkin (born 1992), Israeli swimmer
Yigal Tumarkin (born 1933), Israeli painter
Yon Tumarkin (born 1989), Israeli actor
Other uses
Tumarkin drop attack, a sudden fall without loss of consciousness |
```cmake
# fill string with spaces
macro (acg_format_string str length return)
string (LENGTH "${str}" _str_len)
math (EXPR _add_chr "${length} - ${_str_len}")
set (${return} "${str}")
while (_add_chr GREATER 0)
set (${return} "${${return}} ")
math (EXPR _add_chr "${_add_chr} - 1")
endwhile ()
endmacro ()
# print message with color escape sequences if CMAKE_COLOR_MAKEFILE is set
string (ASCII 27 _escape)
function (acg_color_message _str)
if (CMAKE_COLOR_MAKEFILE AND NOT WIN32)
message (${_str})
else ()
string (REGEX REPLACE "${_escape}.[0123456789;]*m" "" __str ${_str})
message (${__str})
endif ()
endfunction ()
# info header
function (acg_print_configure_header _id _name)
acg_format_string ("${_name}" 40 _project)
acg_format_string ("${${_id}_VERSION}" 40 _version)
acg_color_message ("\n${_escape}[40;37m************************************************************${_escape}[0m")
acg_color_message ("${_escape}[40;37m* ${_escape}[1;31mACG ${_escape}[0;40;34mBuildsystem${_escape}[0m${_escape}[40;37m *${_escape}[0m")
acg_color_message ("${_escape}[40;37m* *${_escape}[0m")
acg_color_message ("${_escape}[40;37m* Package : ${_escape}[32m${_project} ${_escape}[37m *${_escape}[0m")
acg_color_message ("${_escape}[40;37m* Version : ${_escape}[32m${_version} ${_escape}[37m *${_escape}[0m")
acg_color_message ("${_escape}[40;37m************************************************************${_escape}[0m")
endfunction ()
# info line
function (acg_print_configure_footer)
acg_color_message ("${_escape}[40;37m************************************************************${_escape}[0m\n")
endfunction ()
``` |
Leelila Strogov is an American news reporter.
Biography
Career
Leelila Strogov is a general assignment reporter for Fox 11 News (KTTV) specializing in investigative and feature reports. Her career in broadcasting began at Fox 11 in 2004 where she worked first as a news researcher, and later as an investigative producer at the station. She is a member of the Society of Professional Journalists, the L.A. Press Club, and the Radio & Television News Association of Southern California. Prior to joining Fox 11, Leelila worked for Juno Online Services, Inc., an internet company she helped take public on the NASDAQ stock market as the senior vice president of business development.
Personal
Leelila grew up in Brooklyn, New York through her early teens. Later, she spent much of her time living and studying abroad, in Switzerland, England, Israel and Guatemala. As a hobby, Leelila is also a writer and editor. In 2004 she launched the non-profit literary magazine, Swink.
Education
Leelila Strogov holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Published work
Leelila Strogov's short fiction and essays have been published in a variety of magazines and books, including Before and After: Stories From New York(W. W. Norton) and New Sudden Fiction: Short Stories from America and Beyond (W. W. Norton). HarperCollins also chose one of her pieces for inclusion in their Digital Media Café, where selected stories are performed by accomplished Hollywood actors in front of a live audience, and then recorded and made accessible online.
Awards
Leelila was nominated for Emmy Awards for her journalism work in 2005 and 2006.
Community service
Leelila is an active supporter of a non-profit organization in Venice called 826LA, dedicated to helping students from the ages of 6 through 18 develop their creative and expository writing skills.
References
Fox-Los Angeles News Team Bio
Amazon Books
External links
Media Bistro
American television journalists
American women television journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
Gilbert V de Umfraville (July 1390 – 22 March 1421), popularly styled the "Earl of Kyme", was an English noble who took part in the Hundred Years War. He was killed during the Battle of Baugé in 1421 fighting a Franco-Scots army.
Life
Gilbert was born at the end of July 1390, the only son of Thomas II de Umfraville of Harbottle and Agnes Grey. He succeeded his father on 12 February 1391, as a minor of only twenty-eight weeks old. He married Anne, daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and his wife Margaret, daughter of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford in 1413. He died fighting the French at the Battle of Baugé on 22 March 1421. He did not have any issue and the family estates were partitioned between his five sisters and their husbands. His uncle Robert de Umfraville, inherited the Redesdale and Kyme estates.
See also
Umfraville
Notes
References
Wagner, John A. Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2006. .
1390 births
1421 deaths
15th-century English nobility
People of the Hundred Years' War
Gilbert 05 |
Charles Jeffrey (born August 1, 1990) is a Scottish fashion designer known for his punk-inspired, gender-fluid designs influenced by his Scottish heritage and London's queer club scene. Jeffrey has been described as "speaking to young London the way Alexander McQueen spoke to his generation," and by Vogue as "the upholder of all that is human, creative and cheerful about British fashion." Jeffrey launched his label Charles Jeffrey LOVERBOY in 2015, after graduating from Central St Martins. He has been nominated for and won numerous industry awards. Charles Jeffrey LOVERBOY has been worn by figures as wide-ranging as Harry Styles, Tilda Swinton, Bimini Bon Boulash, and K-pop star J-Hope of BTS.
Early life and education
Jeffrey was born in Bellshill, North Lanarkshire. As a child he moved around a lot, due to his father being in the British Army, living in Germany, England and Wales. He spent his teenage years back in Scotland in Cumbernauld. Jeffrey drew from a young age, and became interested in fashion as a teenager. At eighteen, he moved to London.
Jeffrey studied for an Art Foundation BA and an MA in Fashion at Central St Martins, where he was tutored by Louise Wilson, who had also tutored Christopher Kane and Alexander McQueen. As a student, Jeffrey interned for four months at Dior's haute couture ateliers in Paris. Jeffrey's graduation show at Central St Martins in 2015 attracted the attention of Fashion East Director Lulu Kennedy. He was also named as one of the "3 designers to watch" out of that year's graduates by Vogue, with his collection described as "an exciting new amalgamation of pop and provocation". It was also during his MA at Central St Martins that Charles Jeffrey developed the LOVERBOY label, which emerged from a monthly club night of the same name that Jeffrey began at Vogue Fabrics in Dalston.
Career
Having caught the attention of Lulu Kennedy at his graduation show in February 2015, Charles Jeffrey's work was showcased in a presentation at the Institute of Contemporary Arts as part of Fashion East's and Topman's joint talent platform MAN, at London Collections: Men (now London Fashion Week Men's) in June 2015. Jeffrey said the platform changed his life: “Had Lulu [Kennedy, Fashion East founder] and Natasha [Booth] not encouraged me to be braver, smarter, and taught me so much of what I now know, my label wouldn't exist." Jeffrey would continue to show as part of Fashion East and Topman's MAN for three seasons, until his first solo show in June 2017. In 2016, Charles Jeffrey was included on the Business of Fashion 500 list as one of the most influential people in fashion. Jeffrey's shows for LOVERBOY have gained a reputation for being theatrical performances as well as fashion shows, often working with theatre and dance professionals. His "Tantrum" show in 2017, working with director Theo Adams, was described as "one of those shows that will be talked about for years."
In November 2017, Charles Jeffrey's first solo exhibition, THE COME UP, opened at the NOW Gallery in Greenwich. Incorporating Jeffrey's "emotive and vibrant illustrations" with "large sculptural pieces hang[ing] from the gallery's seven-meter ceiling," the installation was "an interactive and three-dimensional representation of the Charles Jeffrey LOVERBOY brand and cult club night." Jeffrey has contributed as editor and creative director to several editions of LOVE Magazine, including a Maison Margiela retrospective shoot (in collaboration with John Galliano), and as Creative Director of a Vivienne Westwood archive story for Another Man. In December 2017, Jeffrey won the British Fashion Award's Emerging Talent: Menswear Award.
In 2018, Charles Jeffrey LOVERBOY launched its first womenswear capsule collection, Awrite Hen? exclusively for Matches Fashion. ""The women in my life have been wearing our collections since the beginning but it's been a thrill to develop these pieces specifically with a woman in mind," Jeffrey commented. In October 2018, Jeffrey won the GQ Man of the Year Award for Breakthrough Designer.
With the COVID-19 pandemic forcing London Fashion Week to hold its first digital fashion week in 2020, Jeffrey used the occasion to raise money for UK Black Pride, in light of rising consciousness around the Black Lives Matter movement. Jeffrey held a live-streamed fundraiser from the basement of Vogue Fabrics, where the LOVERBOY club nights began, spotlighting Black artists, performers, and fashion designers from his extended queer community. Jeffrey said of his decision, "Loverboy's always been a happening, a place where people club together to do something great...I thought if I could do it then, I can do it now.”
In 2021, the Theatre Royal Drury Lane owners, Andrew and Madeleine Lloyd Webber, commissioned Jeffrey to redesign the uniforms of its hospitality staff, known as the Red Coats. Of Jeffrey's new designs, Madeleine Lloyd Webber remarked, "“As we undertook the enormous project of reimagining Theatre Royal Drury Lane, we knew we wanted to redesign our iconic Red Coats. Charles’ singular perspective, inspired creativity and incredible ethos made this an easy choice. I was particularly inspired by how Charles’ designs seemed to reflect and pay tribute to the magnificent architecture of Theatre Royal Drury Lane, which we have painstakingly restored to its former glory.”
Collections
Charles Jeffrey's first solo show for his LOVERBOY label was in June 2017, and he has presented collections twice yearly since.
AW23 Engine Room
SS23 PHWOARRR
AW22 Art of Noise
SS22 Portal
AW21 Gloom
SS21 The Healing
AW20 Hell Mend You
SS20 Mind's Instructions
AW19 Darling Little Sillies
SS19 Emergence
AW18 Tantrum
SS18 First solo show, Portrait of a LOVERBOY
Awards
2018 Breakthrough Designer, GQ Men of the Year Awards
2018 Finalist, LVMH Prize
2017 British Emerging Talent - Menswear, British Fashion Awards
2016 Young Designer of the Year, Scottish Fashion Awards
2015 Fashion Graduate of the Year, Scottish Fashion Awards
Influences and collaborators
Jeffrey credits the club night LOVERBOY at Vogue Fabrics in London's East End - started by Jeffrey in 2014 to help fund his MA - for helping to form his label's aesthetic: “the clothes were made in that club space, and I learned a lot about being a queer person through being there.” Jeffrey has described the club nights as a “no-rules nocturnal laboratory,” inspired by 1980s clubs like Blitz and Taboo, and legendary queer performers such as Leigh Bowery and Boy George.
Jeffrey's collections reflect his Scottish heritage, including kilts, tartan, and references to Scottish traditions. In 2017, Jeffrey designed a signature LOVERBOY tartan, debuting it as part of his Autumn/Winter 2018 collection, "Tantrum." LOVERBOY'S Autumn/Winter 2020 Collection, "Hell Mend You" was partially inspired by the intricate costumes worn for the Festival of the Horse, on the Orkney Island of South Ronaldsay.
Jeffrey has many regular collaborators, including make-up artist Lucy Bridge, visual artist and theatre director Theo Adams, set designer Gary Card, musician Tom Furse, and photographers Tim Walker and Thurstan Redding. Sarah Mower of Vogue notes how "the ‘we’ and the ‘our’ is the collective point about the Loverboy phenomenon. Jeffrey is...a ringmaster and pied piper of many who have formed a movement sprung straight out of the British art school tradition."
References
1990 births
Living people
Alumni of Central Saint Martins
Scottish fashion designers
People from Bellshill
People from Cumbernauld |
Joseph William Patterson Jr. (August 20, 1918 – July 10, 1998) was an American football player who played two seasons in the NFL with the Chicago Cardinals and Pittsburgh Steelers.
Early life
Patterson was born in Hillsboro, Texas and attended Hillsboro High School. He was inducted into the Texas High School Football Hall of Fame in 1988.
Patterson matriculated at Baylor University. He was named to Baylor's 1930s All-Decade Team and was the 1939 East–West Shrine Game MVP. Patterson was inducted into the Baylor Hall of Fame in 1963.
Football career
Patterson was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the third round of the 1939 NFL Draft. He played for the Chicago Cardinals in 1939 and returned to the Steelers in 1940. He played quarterback, halfback and punted.
Personal
See also
List of college football yearly passing leaders
References
1918 births
1998 deaths
People from Hillsboro, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
American football quarterbacks
American football running backs
Baylor Bears football players
Chicago Cardinals players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Georgia Pre-Flight Skycrackers football players |
Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity is a 1975 feminist history book by Sarah B. Pomeroy. The work covers the lives of women in antiquity from the Greek Dark Ages to the death of Constantine the Great. The book was one of the first English works on women's history in any period. It has been used as a textbook in many university-level courses on women in classical antiquity.
History
When the book was first published, reviewers commented that Pomeroy's work was an improvement on previous treatments of women in classical antiquity, such as J. P. V. D. Balsdon's Roman Women, and it was praised for its lack of "polemical bias". Marylin Arthur thought that Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves was "important", and particularly praised the chapter on women in the Hellenistic period as "the high point of her book". However, Daphne Nash criticised Pomeroy's work for its "poor level of historical argumentation" and for Pomeroy refusing to give her own opinion on disputed points. She concluded that Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves ultimately "failed to transcend the limitations of its predecessors".
Reception
Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves is now considered to be a turning point in the study of women in ancient history. In 1994, Edith Hall said that it "marked the inauguration of women's studies within classics"; in the same year, Shelley Haley wrote that it "legitimized the study of Greek and Roman women in ancient times". Lin Foxhall, writing about the historiography of gender in classical antiquity, has described Pomeroy's book as "revolutionary", and "a major step forward" compared to existing scholarship on women in the ancient world.
See also
Women in ancient Rome
Women in ancient Sparta
Women in Classical Athens
References
1975 non-fiction books
20th-century history books
History books about ancient Greece
History books about ancient Rome
Women's history
Schocken Books books |
Nowy Folwark may refer to the following places in Poland:
Nowy Folwark, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Krotoszyn County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Szamotuły County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Września County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Bytów County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Iława County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Nowy Folwark, Ostróda County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland) |
The National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020 is a twenty-year planning framework, with an aim of balancing social, economic and physical development in the Republic of Ireland.
Gateways and hubs
The strategy seeks both to prevent the Greater Dublin Area becoming an area of problematic urban sprawl, and also to prevent rural areas becoming fragmented with scattered one-off housing. It seeks to do this by identifying various urban centres outside Dublin as focus points for concentrated development, drawing this away from both Dublin and the rural areas. The report describes two tiers of regional centres: a few larger "Gateways" with smaller "Hubs" as more local foci. When the NSS was being developed, William Thomas proposed a brand new city in the west of the country, gaining some news coverage.
There was controversy over the selection of the gateways and hubs, with towns not selected feeling aggrieved. A notable concept was the "Midland Gateway" comprising three of the larger towns in the midlands. The intention was a polycentric model with some inspiration from the Triangle Region Denmark. The inclusion in the plan of Derry, which is across the border in Northern Ireland, was a reflection of improved cross-border co-operation in the wake of the Northern Ireland peace process.
Gateways
Cork
Limerick—Shannon
Galway
Sligo
Letterkenny—Derry
Dundalk
Dublin
Tullamore—Athlone—Mullingar
Waterford
Hubs
Tralee and Killarney
Mallow
Ennis
Tuam
Castlebar and Ballina
Monaghan
Cavan
Kilkenny
Wexford
References
External links
Irish Spatial Strategy website
Economy of the Republic of Ireland
2000s in Ireland
2010s in Ireland |
The 1979 North American Soccer League season was the 67th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer and the 12th with a national first-division league in the United States and Canada.
Changes from the previous season
Rules changes
A rule modification required that each squad play two U.S. or Canadian players and that each 17-man roster carry six such players.
New teams
None
Teams folding
None
Teams moving
Colorado Caribous to Atlanta Chiefs
Oakland Stompers to Edmonton Drillers
Name changes
Cosmos to New York Cosmos
Toronto Metros-Croatia to Toronto Blizzard
Season recap
Compared to the previous season's upheaval, 1979 was a relatively tranquil year. The league format remained unchanged with 24 teams divided into six divisions within two conferences, and a 16-team playoff. A slight modification to the first round of the playoffs, from a single game to the two-game format used in later rounds, was made. Also the minigame, used to decide tied playoff series, no longer ended on a golden goal (sudden death). Instead, the entire 30 minutes was played.
Still, there were issues to be sorted out. There was a brief players' strike on April 14, as the league refused to recognize the newly formed Players Association. However, since the majority of NASL players were foreign and unsure of American and Canadian labor laws, support was minimal. An estimated three quarters of NASL players crossed the picket line once the Justice Department implied that foreign players would be subject to deportation.
The Cosmos decided to put "New York" back into their name after a two-year absence. With a change in ownership, the Toronto franchise was now called the Toronto Blizzard, while Toronto Croatia (who had merged with the Metros back in 1975) returned to their old league, the National Soccer League. The Colorado Caribous moved to Atlanta to become the reborn Atlanta Chiefs in October 1978, while the Oakland Stompers would move to Edmonton just a month before the start of the season. Both teams struggled, finishing last in their respective divisions. The new Edmonton Drillers were particularly bad, setting a record for most consecutive losses in league history with 14.
At the other end of the table, the Houston Hurricane went from worst to first in the American Conference, going undefeated in their 15 home matches at the Astrodome and earning Timo Liekoski Coach of the Year honors. However, the Hurricane were upset in the first round of the ASC playoffs, as the Philadelphia Fury, who were winless on the road during the regular season, won the deciding game in Houston.
That meant the door was opened for the Tampa Bay Rowdies to win their second straight ASC title, sweeping the Fury and outlasting the San Diego Sockers in a minigame at Tampa Stadium. The Rowdies were led by Oscar Fabbiani's 25 goals and a defense that gave up 46 goals, the second-fewest in the league.
The two-time defending champion Cosmos kept rolling, posting another 24–6 record and surpassing their league record for points with 216. Johan Cruyff joined the team in the fall of 1978 for a few exhibitions, but the Los Angeles Aztecs bought out his NASL option for $600,000 to take him to the West Coast. Cruyff scored two goals against the Rochester Lancers on his debut, while leading the Aztecs to a nine-win turnaround. Despite their second-round playoff loss to the Vancouver Whitecaps, he earned league MVP honors for his efforts.
New York proved that they did not need him to score goals, as Giorgio Chinaglia led the league for the third straight year. However, he lost out on the scoring title by a point to Fabbiani. As befitting their status within the league, the Cosmos had the honor of playing in the first game of ABC Sports' three-year TV contract with the league in May; a Soccer Bowl '78 rematch in which they lost 3–2 at Tampa Bay. The network would cover nine regular-season and playoff games per year. This included coverage of the next three Soccer Bowls.
However, the league's dream of the Cosmos hosting another Soccer Bowl in front of a national TV audience went up in smoke when New York lost to Vancouver in a memorable playoff matchup. After the Whitecaps won the first game of the National Conference final in Vancouver, the teams played for three and a half hours at Giants Stadium three days later on ABC. The Cosmos won the regular game in a shootout, tying the series at one. The deciding minigame would also go to a shootout, where Derek Possee gave Vancouver the lead. After the Cosmos' Ricky Davis and the Whitecaps' Alan Ball missed on their chances, New York's Nelsi Morais was unable to beat the five-second clock and his goal was waved off, giving Vancouver the win.
Vancouver went on to beat the Rowdies a week later in the Soccer Bowl. Trevor Whymark scored both Vancouver goals and earned game MVP honors, while Tampa Bay suffered their second straight loss in the championship game. Attendance at Giants Stadium was well below projections, as 50,699 showed up despite 66,843 tickets having been sold. The Whitecaps' Alan Ball was named playoff MVP for his seven-assist effort in Vancouver's championship run. Attendance estimates vary (they range from 60,000 to 150,000 people), but the resulting championship parade is still considered the largest public demonstration in Vancouver civic history.
Another positive sign for the league was that this would be the first offseason in NASL history where no franchises folded or moved.
Regular season
6 points for a win, 0 points for a loss, 1 point for each regulation goal scored up to three per game.
Division standings
-Playoffs via division standings. -Playoffs via wildcard.
Conference standings
American Conference
National Conference
Overall standings
NASL League Leaders
Scoring
GP = Games Played, G = Goals (worth 2 points), A = Assists (worth 1 point), Pts = Points
Goalkeeping
Note: GP = Games played; Min - Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; SO = Shutouts
NASL All-Stars
Playoffs
The top two teams from each division qualified for the playoffs automatically. The two teams with the highest point totals remaining in each conference filled out the field as wild cards and were given the lowest first round seeds. Playoff match-ups and home/away status were reset after each round, based on regular season point totals.
In 1979 and 1980, if a playoff series was tied at one victory each, a full 30 minute mini-game was played. If neither team held an advantage after the 30 minutes, the teams would then move on to an NASL shoot-out to determine a series winner.
Bracket
First round
Conference semifinals
Conference Championships
Soccer Bowl '79
1979 NASL Champions: Vancouver Whitecaps
Post season awards
Most Valuable Player: Johan Cruyff, Los Angeles
Coach of the year: Timo Liekoski, Houston
Rookie of the year: Larry Hulcer, Los Angeles
North American Player of the Year: Rick Davis, New York
Playoff MVP: Alan Ball, Vancouver
Average home attendance
References
External links
The Year in American Soccer – 1979
Chris Page's NASL Archive
Complete NASL Results and Standings
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) seasons
North American Soccer League
North American Soccer League |
"" ("My soul, thank and sing") is a German Catholic hymn. A first version appeared in Dillingen in 1807, to a 1741 melody from Cologne. Some hymnals have the beginning "". It is part of regional sections of the German Catholic hymnal Gotteslob of 2013. The diocese of Trier has three stanzas as GL 802. The Diocese of Limburg has the first and the third stanza as GL 743 as an Advent song.
Text and theme
The song was originally in three stanzas of eight lines each, rhyming ABABCBCB. The beginning, addressing the singers soul to sing praises and be thankful, is reminiscent of psalms and the Magnificat. In the first stanza, thanks are given for the creation of the world and for the time full of mercy which was promised from the beginning. The second stanza reflects Jesus, born from Mary, as a redeemer of mankind by becoming part of it. In the third stanza, the singer addresses a group to sing with Mary, to be faithful to his word as she was, and to offer sorrow and joy, and all life that he gave, to the Lord of Glory ("Herr der Herrlichkeit").
References
External links
1807 songs
Catholic hymns in German
19th-century hymns in German |
Chaber, chaver or ḥaber ( ḥāḇēr, ) is a Hebrew term meaning "associate"; "colleague"; "fellow"; "companion"; or "friend". It appears twice in the Hebrew Bible, and is used in various ways in rabbinic sources.
Hebrew Bible
The word appears twice in the Hebrew Bible (, ), meaning "companion".
A friend
The term is ordinarily used in rabbinical texts in its Biblical sense of "companion". A Talmudic proverb says, "Your chaber has a chaber, and your chaber's chaber has a chaber", meaning that words spoken in front of a few people can be presumed to circulate and become public.
A scholar
The rabbis strongly recommended study in company, asserting that only in this way can knowledge be acquired; therefore, if necessary, one should even expend money for the purpose of acquiring a companion. A prominent teacher of the second century declared that, while he had learned much from his masters, he had learned more from his "chaberim". Hence the term came to mean a "companion in study," a "colleague". In the form talmid-haver or haver-talmid, it denotes one who is at once the student and colleague of a certain teacher, a scholar who from being a student has risen to be a colleague or fellow. Eventually "chaber" assumed the general meaning of "scholar", and appears as a title lower than hakham.
In the medieval period, the title "chaber" was known in the 11th century, when it probably referred to a member of a court of justice; but in Germany in later centuries it indicated that its possessor had devoted many years to the study of sacred literature. In some communities, particularly originating from Germany, this title is still used today. There is also a program organized by the Orthodox Union to bestow this title.
In congregational life it was conferred as a rule on married men, but often also on yeshiva graduates who were single. Rabbi Jonathan Eybeschütz conferred it on the Christian professor Tychsen.
Purity laws
"Chaber" also denotes a member of a society or order ("chaburah," "chaburta," "k'neset" = "aggregation," "company," "union"), or of a union of Pharisees, for the purpose of carrying out the observance of the laws of food purity to their fullest possible development. In their eyes, any person whose observance of the food purity or tithing laws was doubtful was an am ha'aretz, whose contact was defiling. The term "chaber" is not synonymous with "Parush" (Pharisee), since not all Pharisees were chaberim, though sometimes the generic term "parush" is used instead. Occasionally, the more specific term "ne'eman" (trustworthy) takes the place of "chaber".
On the Scriptural verse, "He shall... purify and sanctify it" the rabbis taught the maxim, "Purity leads to sanctity". This purity was understood to be closely connected with Levitical purity; of this there were several degrees, there being sections in the community which observed its rules more strictly and extensively than did others. Some even extended all the precautions necessary for the priest in eating holy things to the layman who lived on secular food.
Origin
The Bible requires the Israelite to give certain gifts from his farm and herd to the priest, Levite, and poor. The rules governing these gifts, as well as the rules of "clean" and "unclean," were doubtless familiar to the people at large; but not all people found it convenient or possible to comply with them. Their observance must have been particularly difficult in the unsettled state of affairs during the Maccabean wars. Some suggest that in this period the so-called "am ha'aretz" (who included the great majority of the people), either driven by circumstances or seduced by temptation, neglected them; and that a certain more rigorous minority, not knowing whom to trust in such matters, formed among themselves associations ("chaburot"), the members ("chaberim") of which pledged themselves to keep faithfully the rules of tithes and Levitical purity. Accordingly, the chaber is one who strictly observes these laws.
Admission
To be admitted as a chaber, one must declare his determination never to give terumah or ma'aser to a priest or a Levite who is classified as an am ha'aretz; nor to allow his ordinary food to be prepared by an am ha'aretz; nor to eat his ordinary food (chullin, grain and fruit from which terumah and ma'aser have been separated) except in a certain state of Levitical cleanness. This declaration must be made before three members of the order. If they are satisfied that the candidate has lived up to the rules in his private life, he is accepted at once; otherwise he is admitted as a "ben ha-k'neset" (son of the union, neophyte) for thirty days. According to Beit Shammai, this period suffices only when membership is sought for the lesser degrees of purity, while for the higher degrees the probation period lasts for a year. After this period, if the candidate has proved his constancy, he becomes a chaber or ne'eman. No distinction is made between the learned and the ignorant; all must make this declaration. The only exception is for a scholar attached to a college, on the presumption that he took the pledge when he first joined the college.
Degrees of chaburah
There are several classes of chaberim, corresponding to the several degrees of Levitical cleanness. The lowest class pledges itself to practise Levitical cleanness of "k'nafayim" (literally "wings"). This is a very obscure term, for which no satisfactory explanation has been found. It is generally assumed to mean "hands"; inasmuch as the Pharisaic maxim is, "Hands are always busy," unintentionally touching both clean and unclean things, they are regarded as being in a state of uncertain cleanness; hence one must cleanse them before eating anything Levitically clean. This may be legally accomplished by pouring on them one-fourth of a log of water. But that process suffices only where a person wishes to eat chullin, ma'aser, or terumah. If he desires to eat the sacrificial portions, he must dip his hands into forty seahs of water; and if about to handle the water of lustration, he must first subject his whole body to immersion.
As the ordinary Israelite and the Levite are not permitted to handle the most sacred things, it naturally follows that not all men are eligible for the higher degrees; and even of those whose descent does not bar their admission, not all are willing to assume the correspondingly greater precautions incident to the privilege. Provision is therefore made for general admission to the lower degrees, of which most people availed themselves. It is ordained that if one desires to join the order of chaberim, but does not wish to subject himself to the duties devolving upon the members of the higher degrees—the precautions necessary to keep himself Levitically clean, as for the more sacred things—he may be accepted; but where, on the contrary, one seeks admission to the higher degrees while refusing to pledge himself to strict observance of the rules governing the lower degrees, he must be rejected.
Separation from the am ha'aretz
Having been admitted as reliable in matters of ma'aser, a chaber must tithe what he eats, what he sells of his own produce, and what he buys for the purpose of selling, and must not eat at the table of an am ha'aretz, lest he be served untithed food. A full chaber must, in addition, not sell to an am ha'aretz anything that moisture would render subject to uncleanness, lest the am ha'aretz expose the goods to contamination; for rabbinical law forbids causing defilement even to secular things in the Land of Israel. Nor may he buy from an am ha'aretz anything exposed to moisture in that way, nor accept invitations to the table of an am ha'aretz, nor entertain one who is in his ordinary garments, which may have been exposed to defilement.
A chaber's wife, and his child or servant, have the same status as the chaber himself. Even after the chaber's death, his family enjoy this status, unless there is reason to doubt their fidelity. Even if they join the family of an am ha'aretz, they are presumed to continue their observant habits, unless there is reasonable suspicion to the contrary. Similarly, family members of an am ha'aretz joining the family of a chaber are not considered trustworthy unless they pledge themselves to live up to the rules of the chaburah. (An exception to these rules is a child or servant of either group who enters a household of the other group for the purpose of study: he then receives the status of the house.) If a man is recognized as reliable while his wife is not (as when a chaber marries the widow or daughter of an am ha'aretz), chaberim may buy food from him, but must not eat in his house if it is presided over by his wife. If, however, the wife is reliable (being the widow or daughter of a chaber) and the husband is an am ha'aretz, chaberim may eat at his table, but must not buy from him.
Suspension from the order
The status of chaber continues indefinitely, unless one is reasonably suspected of backsliding. In that case, he is suspended from the chaburah until he reestablishes his trustworthiness. Similarly, where a chaber accepts an office that is considered suspicious (such as that of tax-collector or publican) he is suspended from the chaburah, but is reinstated upon leaving the office.
Date of origin
The exact date when the chaberim first appeared can not be determined. It is unlikely that the chaburah concept existed in pre-Maccabean days, or that it is identical to the "great congregation of priests" (I Maccabees 14:28), since in the later period of Persian rule over the Land of Israel, no great formative events are on record which could account for so great a separation from the body of the people. The precise period of the chaburah's organization should be sought, therefore, in the late second century BCE.
See also
Am ha'aretz
Chavrusa
Chavurah
Demai
Ma'aserot
Pharisees
Talmid Haver
References
Hebrew words and phrases
Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles |
The Haiti national under-23 football team represents Haiti in international football competitions and qualifications for the Olympic Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except three overage players. The team is controlled by the Fédération Haïtienne de Football (FHF).
Competitive record
Olympic Games
Pan American Games
Central American and Caribbean Games
Players
Current squad
The following 20 players were called up for the 2020 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship.
Honours
Friendly competitions
Copa de Las Antillas
Winners (1): 2002
See also
Haiti national football team
Haiti national under-15 football team
Haiti national under-17 football team
Haiti national under-20 football team
References
u23
Haiti |
Comerío barrio-pueblo is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Comerío, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,657.
Sectors
Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Comerío barrio-pueblo:
, and .
History
As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.
Comerío barrio-pueblo was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Comerío Pueblo barrio was 1,191.
The central plaza and its church
The central plaza, or square, is a place for official and unofficial recreational events and a place where people can gather and socialize from dusk to dawn. The Laws of the Indies, Spanish law, which regulated life in Puerto Rico in the early 19th century, stated the plaza's purpose was for "the parties" (celebrations, festivities) (), and that the square should be proportionally large enough for the number of neighbors (). These Spanish regulations also stated that the streets nearby should be comfortable portals for passersby, protecting them from the elements: sun and rain.
Located across from the central plaza is the , a Roman Catholic church. Other churches have existed in the location since 1829 but the current church was inaugurated in the 1970s.
See also
List of communities in Puerto Rico
References
External links
Barrios of Comerío, Puerto Rico |
Wanli was the era name of the Chinese Ming dynasty's Wanli Emperor (1563–1620), the 14th emperor of the Chinese Ming dynasty.
Wanli may also refer to:
China
Wanli District, Nanchang, district of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
Wan Li (1916–2015), Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician who served successively as Vice Premier, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), and a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Secretariat and its Politburo.
Fang Hui (1227–1307), or Wanli, Chinese historian
Wanli Education Group, group in Zhejiang, China
Taiwan
Wanli District, New Taipei, a district in New Taipei, Taiwan
Wanli River tributary of the Hualien River in Taiwan |
Ratarda furvivestita is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Himalayas.
References
Ratardinae
Moths described in 1905 |
```javascript
// @flow
import indexOf from './indexof'
const isInteger = (value: number): boolean =>
// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals
typeof value === 'number' && isFinite(value) && Math.floor(value) === value
const getPosition = (
value: string,
search: string,
position: number,
): number => {
if (
!isInteger(position) ||
position > value.length ||
position < search.length
) {
return value.length - search.length
}
return position - search.length
}
/**
* @module endsWith
* @description
* Test if `value` ends with `search`
* ## Install
* Install all functions of strman
* ```sh
* yarn add strman
* ```
* or just the endsWith function
* ```sh
* yarn add strman.endswith
* ```
* ## Usage
* ```javascript
* import { endsWith } from 'strman'
* // OR
* import endsWith from 'strman.endswith'
* ```
* @param {String} value The input string
* @param {String} search The string to search for
* @param {Number} [position] The start position/index within `value` to start searching
* @param {Boolean} [caseSensitive=true] Use case (in-)sensitive matching
* @example
* const value = 'Daniel Leite'
* const search = 'Leite'
* endsWith(value, search)
* // => true
* @returns {Boolean} True if `value` ends with `search`
*/
export default (
value: string,
search: string,
position: number = 0,
caseSensitive: boolean = true,
): boolean => {
const newPosition = getPosition(value, search, position)
const lastIndex = indexOf(value, search, newPosition, caseSensitive)
return lastIndex !== -1 && lastIndex === newPosition
}
``` |
```objective-c
//===-- ResourceScriptTokenList.h -------------------------------*- C++-*-===//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash-----===//
//
// This is a part of llvm-rc tokens header. It lists all the possible tokens
// that might occur in a correct .rc script.
//
//===your_sha256_hash-----===//
// Long tokens. They might consist of more than one character.
TOKEN(Invalid) // Invalid token. Should not occur in a valid script.
TOKEN(Int) // Integer (decimal, octal or hexadecimal).
TOKEN(String) // String value.
TOKEN(Identifier) // Script identifier (resource name or type).
// Short tokens. They usually consist of exactly one character.
// The definitions are of the form SHORT_TOKEN(TokenName, TokenChar).
// TokenChar is the one-character token representation occuring in the correct
// .rc scripts.
SHORT_TOKEN(BlockBegin, '{') // Start of the script block; can also be BEGIN.
SHORT_TOKEN(BlockEnd, '}') // End of the block; can also be END.
SHORT_TOKEN(Comma, ',') // Comma - resource arguments separator.
SHORT_TOKEN(Plus, '+') // Addition operator.
SHORT_TOKEN(Minus, '-') // Subtraction operator.
SHORT_TOKEN(Pipe, '|') // Bitwise-OR operator.
SHORT_TOKEN(Amp, '&') // Bitwise-AND operator.
SHORT_TOKEN(Tilde, '~') // Bitwise-NOT operator.
SHORT_TOKEN(LeftParen, '(') // Left parenthesis in the script expressions.
SHORT_TOKEN(RightParen, ')') // Right parenthesis.
``` |
Frank Frost was an American amateur soccer player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. In 1904 he was a member of the St. Rose Parish team, which won the bronze medal in the soccer tournament.
References
External links
American men's soccer players
Footballers at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in soccer
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Men's association football goalkeepers
Medalists at the 1904 Summer Olympics |
Shakespeare and Company, Shakespeare & Company, or Shakespeare & Co. may refer to:
Shakespeare and Company (1919–1941), an influential English-language bookshop in Paris, France founded by Sylvia Beach
Shakespeare and Company (bookstore), an English-language bookstore in Paris, founded by George Whitman in 1951
Shakespeare & Company (Massachusetts), a theatre company in Massachusetts |
A LED display is a flat panel display that uses an array of light-emitting diodes as pixels for a video display. Their brightness allows them to be used outdoors where they are visible in the sun for store signs and billboards. In recent years, they have also become commonly used in destination signs on public transport vehicles, as well as variable-message signs on highways. LED displays are capable of providing general illumination in addition to visual display, as when used for stage lighting or other decorative (as opposed to informational) purposes. LED displays can offer higher contrast ratios than a projector and are thus an alternative to traditional projection screens, and they can be used for large, uninterrupted (without a visible grid arising from the bezels of individual displays) video walls. microLED displays are LED displays with smaller LEDs, which poses significant development challenges.
History
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) came into existence in 1962 and were primarily red in color for the first decade. The first practical LED was invented by Nick Holonyak in 1962 while he was at General Electric.
The first practical LED display was developed at Hewlett-Packard (HP) and introduced in 1968. Its development was led by Howard C. Borden and Gerald P. Pighini at HP Associates and HP Labs, who had engaged in research and development (R&D) on practical LEDs between 1962 and 1968. In February 1969, they introduced the HP Model 5082-7000 Numeric Indicator. It was the first LED device to use integrated circuit (integrated LED circuit) technology, and the first intelligent LED display, making it a revolution in digital display technology, replacing the Nixie tube and becoming the basis for later LED displays.
Early models were monochromatic by design. The efficient Blue LED completing the color triad did not commercially arrive until the late 1980s.
In the late 1980s, Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide LEDs arrived. They provided an efficient source of red and amber and were used in information displays. However, it was still impossible to achieve full colour. The available "green" was hardly green at all – mostly yellow, and an early blue had excessively high power consumption. It was only when Shuji Nakumura, then at Nichia Chemical, announced the development of the blue (and later green) LED based on Indium Gallium Nitride, that possibilities opened for big LED video displays.
The entire idea of what could be done with LED was given an early shake up by Mark Fisher's design for U2's PopMart Tour of 1997. He realized that with long viewing distances, wide pixel spacing could be used to achieve very large images, especially if viewed at night. The system had to be suitable for touring so an open mesh arrangement that could be rolled up for transport was used. The whole display was 52m (170ft) wide and 17m (56ft) high. It had a total of 150,000 pixels. The company that supplied the LED pixels and their driving system, SACO Technologies of Montreal, had never engineered a video system before, previously building mimic panels for power station control rooms.
Today, large displays use high-brightness diodes to generate a wide spectrum of colors. It took three decades and organic light-emitting diodes for Sony to introduce an OLED TV, the Sony XEL-1 OLED screen which was marketed in 2009. Later, at CES 2012, Sony presented Crystal LED, a TV with a true LED-display, in which LEDs are used to produce actual images rather than acting as backlighting for other types of display, as in LED-backlit LCDs which are commonly marketed as LED TVs.
Large video-capable screens
The 2011 UEFA Champions League Final match between Manchester United and Barcelona was broadcast live in 3D format in Gothenburg (Sweden), on an EKTA screen. It had a refresh rate of 100 Hz, a diagonal of 7.11 m (23 ft 3.92 in) and a display area of 6.192×3.483 m, and was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest LED 3D TV.
Development
Early prototypes
A claim for the 'first all-LED flat panel television screen' is presented in this section. It was possibly developed, demonstrated and documented by James P. Mitchell in 1977. Initial public recognition came from the Westinghouse Educational Foundation Science Talent Search group, a Science Service organization. The paper entry was named in the "Honors Group" publicized to universities on January 25, 1978. The paper was subsequently invited and presented at the Iowa Academy of Science at the University of Northern Iowa. The operational prototype was displayed at the Eastern Iowa SEF on March 18 and obtained a top "Physical Sciences" award and IEEE recognition. The project was again displayed at the 29th International SEF at Anaheim Ca. Convention Center on May 8–10. The ¼-inch thin miniature flat panel modular prototype, scientific paper, and full screen (tiled LED matrix) schematic with video interface was displayed at this event. It received awards by NASA and General Motors Corporation. This project marked some of the earliest progress towards the replacement of the 70+-year-old high-voltage analog CRT system (cathode-ray tube technology) with a digital x-y scanned LED matrix driven with an NTSC television RF video format. Mitchell's paper and operational prototype projected the future replacement of CRTs and included foreseen applications to battery operated devices due to the advantages of low power consumption. Displacement of the electromagnetic scan systems included the removal of inductive deflection, electron beam and color convergence circuits and has been a significant achievement. The unique properties of the light emitting diode as an emissive device simplify matrix scanning complexity and have helped the modern television adapt to digital communications and shrink into its current thin form factor.
The 1977 model was monochromatic by design.
Recent developments
MicroLED displays are currently under development by numerous major corporations such as Sony, Apple, Samsung, and LG.
These displays are easily scalable, and offer a more streamlined production process. However, production costs remains a limiting factor.
See also
OLED
AMOLED
References
External links
Display technology
Light-emitting diodes
American inventions |
```swift
//
//
//Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
//of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
//in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
//to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
//copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
//furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
//The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
//copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
//THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
//IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
//FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
//AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
//LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
//OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
//SOFTWARE.
import UIKit
public protocol BATabBarControllerDelegate: AnyObject {
func tabBarController(_ tabBarController: BATabBarController, didSelect: UIViewController)
}
public class BATabBarController: UIViewController {
//Delegate for adding actions to tab clicks
public var delegate: BATabBarControllerDelegate?
//Custom tab bar
var tabBar: BATabBar?
//View controllers associated with the tabs
public var viewControllers: [UIViewController] = [] {
didSet {
var i = Int(viewControllers.count) - 1
while i >= 0 {
let vc = viewControllers[i]
if let vcView = vc.view, let tabBar = tabBar {
self.view.insertSubview(vcView, belowSubview: tabBar)
}
i -= 1
}
}
}
//Items that are displayed in the tab bar
public var tabBarItems: [BATabBarItem] = [] {
didSet {
for i in 1..<tabBarItems.count {
let item1: BATabBarItem? = tabBarItems[i - 1]
let item2: BATabBarItem? = tabBarItems[i]
if (item1?.title != nil && item2?.title == nil) || (item1?.title == nil && item2?.title != nil) {
let myException = NSException(name: NSExceptionName("BATabBarControllerException"), reason: "Tabs must have all text or no text", userInfo: nil)
print("Error: \(myException)")
return
}
}
if let tabBar = tabBar {
tabBar.tabBarItems = tabBarItems
}
}
}
//Tab Bar Color
public var tabBarBackgroundColor: UIColor? {
didSet {
tabBar?.backgroundColor = tabBarBackgroundColor
}
}
//Tab Bar Animation duration
var tabBarAnimationDuration: CGFloat = 0.0 {
didSet {
tabBar?.animationDuration = tabBarAnimationDuration
}
}
//TabBarItem's stroke color
public var tabBarItemStrokeColor: UIColor = .black {
didSet {
for i in 0..<tabBarItems.count {
let item = tabBarItems[i]
item.strokeColor = tabBarItemStrokeColor
}
tabBar?.barItemStrokeColor = tabBarItemStrokeColor
}
}
//TabBarItem's line width
public var tabBarItemLineWidth: CGFloat = 0.0 {
didSet {
for i in 0..<tabBarItems.count {
let item = tabBarItems[i]
item.strokeWidth = tabBarItemLineWidth
}
tabBar?.barItemLineWidth = tabBarItemLineWidth
}
}
//initial selected view controller
public var initialViewController: UIViewController?
//Currently selected view controller
public var selectedViewController: UIViewController? {
didSet {
if let tabBar = tabBar, let delegate = delegate, let selectedViewController = selectedViewController, let selectedViewControllerView = selectedViewController.view {
view.insertSubview(selectedViewControllerView, belowSubview: tabBar)
delegate.tabBarController(self, didSelect: selectedViewController)
}
}
}
override public var hidesBottomBarWhenPushed: Bool {
didSet {
tabBar?.isHidden = hidesBottomBarWhenPushed
}
}
// MARK: - Lifecycle
public required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
fatalError("init(coder:) is not supported")
}
public init() {
super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = false
// init tab bar
tabBar = BATabBar()
if let tabBar = tabBar {
tabBar.delegate = self
view.addSubview(tabBar)
}
}
override public func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
//make sure we always have a selected tab
if (selectedViewController == nil) {
selectedViewController = initialViewController ?? viewControllers[0]
if let tabBar = tabBar, let selectedViewController = selectedViewController {
tabBar.selectedTabItem((viewControllers as NSArray).index(of: selectedViewController), animated: false)
}
}
}
public func setSelectedViewController(_ viewController: UIViewController?, animated: Bool) {
selectedViewController = viewController
if let viewController = viewController, let tabBar = tabBar {
let index = (viewControllers as NSArray).index(of: viewController)
tabBar.selectedTabItem(index, animated: animated)
}
}
}
extension BATabBarController: BATabBarDelegate {
func tabBar(_ tabBar: BATabBar, didSelectItemAt index: Int) {
selectedViewController = viewControllers[index]
}
}
``` |
Charles Gordon (born July 18, 1984) is a former American football cornerback and coach. He was signed by the Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at the University of Kansas. He also was a defensive backs coach at the University of Northern Colorado and the Defensive quality control coach for the Denver Broncos.
College career
A native of California, he attended Santa Monica High School. Gordon was recruited to play at the University of Kansas as a wide receiver, arriving on campus in 2002. In 2003, as a redshirt freshman, Gordon had 57 pass receptions for 769 yards, both totals set school records for freshmen. These marks were good enough to earn Gordon first-team freshmen All-American honors. Gordon finished the season as one of the team's starting cornerbacks in addition to his starting roles as a wide receiver and punt returner. The following season Gordon was moved to defense on a full-time basis. He led the nation in interceptions (7) and earning first-team All-Big 12 and third-team All-American honors. Going into his junior season, Gordon was named a pre-season first-team All-American at cornerback by numerous publications, however, Gordon was moved back to being primarily a wide receiver early in the conference season. For his efforts during his junior campaign, Gordon was named first-team All-Big 12 kick returner, as well as second-team cornerback and honorable mention wide receiver.
At the conclusion of the 2005 season, Gordon announced that he would forgo his senior season to enter the NFL Draft.
Professional career
Minnesota Vikings
Gordon went undrafted in the 2006 NFL Draft but signed with the Minnesota Vikings shortly after. Initially signed to the practice squad, Gordon was added to the active roster on November 7, 2006.
Gordon suffered a broken leg on a punt return against the Green Bay Packers on November 9, 2008. The next day he was placed on season ending injured reserve.
Coaching career
Northern Colorado
In 2013 Gordon became the defensive backs coach at the University of Northern Colorado, a position he held through their 2016 season.
Denver Broncos
On February 20, 2017, Gordon was named a defensive quality control assistant for the Denver Broncos. Broncos defensive back Aqib Talib was a teammate of Gordon's at Kansas.
References
External links
Broncos coaching profile
1984 births
Living people
Players of American football from Los Angeles
American football wide receivers
American football return specialists
American football cornerbacks
Kansas Jayhawks football players
Minnesota Vikings players |
The buildings and architecture of New Orleans reflect its history and multicultural heritage, from Creole cottages to historic mansions on St. Charles Avenue, from the balconies of the French Quarter to an Egyptian Revival U.S. Customs building and a rare example of a Moorish revival church.
The city has fine examples of almost every architectural style, from the baroque Cabildo to modernist skyscrapers.
Domestic architectural styles
Creole cottage
Creole cottages are scattered throughout the city of New Orleans, with most being built between 1790 and 1850. The majority of these cottages are found in the French Quarter, the surrounding areas of Faubourg Marigny, the Bywater, and Esplanade Ridge. Creole cottages are 1½-story, set at ground level. They have a steeply pitched roof, with a symmetrical four-opening façade wall and a wood or stucco exterior. They are usually set close to the property line.
American townhouse
Many buildings in the American townhouse style were built from 1820 to 1850 and can be found in the Central Business District and Lower Garden District. American townhouses are narrow, three-story structures made of stucco or brick. An asymmetrical arrangement of the façade with a balcony on the second floor sits close to the property line.
Creole townhouse
Creole townhouses are perhaps the most iconic pieces of architecture in the city of New Orleans, comprising a large portion of the French Quarter and the neighboring Faubourg Marigny. Creole townhouses were built after the Great New Orleans Fire (1788), until the mid-19th century. The prior wooden buildings were replaced with structures with courtyards, thick walls, arcades, and cast-iron balconies. The façade of the building sits on the property line, with an asymmetrical arrangement of arched openings. Creole townhouses have a steeply-pitched roof with parapets, side-gabled, with several roof dormers and strongly show their French and Spanish influence. The exterior is made of brick or stucco.
Shotgun house
The shotgun house is a narrow domestic residence with doors at each end. This style of architecture developed in New Orleans and is the city's predominant house type. The earliest extant New Orleans shotgun house, at 937 St. Andrews St., was built in 1848.
Typically, shotgun houses are one-story, narrow rectangular homes raised on brick piers. Most have a narrow porch covered by a roof apron that is supported by columns and brackets, which are often ornamented with lacy Victorian motifs. Many variations of the shotgun house exist, including double shotguns (essentially a duplex); camel-back house, also called humpback, with a partial second floor on the end of the house; double-width shotgun, a single house twice the width of a normal shotgun; and "North shore" houses, with wide verandas on both sides, built north of Lake Pontchartrain in St. Tammany Parish.
Double-gallery house
Double-gallery houses were built in New Orleans between 1820 and 1850. Double-gallery houses are two-story houses with a side-gabled or hipped roof. The house is set back from the property line, and it has a covered two-story gallery which is framed and supported by columns supporting the entablature.
The façade has an asymmetrical arrangement of its openings. These homes were built as a variation on the American townhouses built in the Garden District, Uptown, and Esplanade Ridge, areas which in the 19th century were thought of as suburbs.
California-style bungalow house
California bungalow houses were built from the early-to-mid-20th century in neighborhoods such as Mid-City, Gentilly Terrace, Broadmoor, and scattered throughout older neighborhoods as in-fill. California bungalows are noted for their low-slung appearance, being more horizontal than vertical. The exterior is often wood siding, with a brick, stucco, or stone porch with flared columns and roof overhang. Bungalows are one or one-and-a-half-story houses, with sloping roofs and eaves showing unenclosed rafters. They typically feature a gable (or an attic vent designed to look like a gable) over the main portion of the house.
New Orleans neighborhoods
French Quarter
Due to refurbishings in the Victorian style after the Louisiana Purchase, only a handful of buildings in the French Quarter preserve their original colonial French or Spanish architectural styles, concentrated mainly around the cathedral and Chartres Street. Most of the 2,900 buildings in the Quarter are either of "second generation" Creole or Greek revival styles. Fires in 1788 and 1794 destroyed most of the original French colonial buildings, that is, "first generation" Creole. They were generally raised homes with wooden galleries, the only extant example being Madame John's Legacy at 632 Dumaine Street, built during the Spanish period in 1788. The Ursuline Convent (1745–1752) is the last intact example of French colonial architecture. Of the structures built during the French or Spanish colonial eras, only some 25 survive to this day (including the Cabildo and the Presbytère), in a mixture of colonial Spanish and neo-classical styles.
Following the two great fires of New Orleans in the late 18th century, Spanish administrators enforced strict building codes, requiring strong brick construction and thick fire proof walls between adjoining buildings to avoid another city fire and to resist hurricanes but the Spanish did not directly influence much of the Quarter's architecture. Spanish influence came indirectly in the form of Creole style, a mixture of French and Spanish architecture with some elements from the Caribbean.
Two-thirds of the French Quarter structures date from the first half of the 19th century, the most prolific decade being the 1820s, when the city was growing at an amazing rate. Records show that not a single Spanish architect was operating in the city by that time; only French and American were, the latter gradually replacing the former as Creole style was being replaced by Greek revival architecture in the 1830s and 1840s.
From its south end to the intersection with Claiborne Avenue, Canal Street is extremely dense with buildings. Each building, being no larger than half a New Orleans block, has a notably intricate façade. All of these buildings contrast each other in style, from Greek revival, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco, to Renaissance Colonial, and one of Gothic architecture. Also there is Post-modern, Mid-century modern, Streamline Moderne, and other types of 20th-century architecture. However, most of these buildings have lost their original interiors because of hurricane damage and business renovations.
Jackson Square took its current form in the 1850s: the Cathedral was redesigned, mansard rooftops were added to the Cabildo and to the Presbytère, and the Pontalba apartments were built on the sides of the square, adorned with ironwork balconies. The popularity of wrought iron or cast iron balconies in New Orleans began during this period.
St. Charles Avenue
St. Charles Avenue is famed for its large collection of Southern mansions in many styles of architecture, including Greek Revival, Colonial, and Victorian styles such as Italianate and Queen Anne.
The city of New Orleans was the largest in the Confederacy at the start of the American Civil War. The city was captured barely a year after the start of hostilities without military conflict in, or bombardment of, the city itself. As a result, New Orleans retains the largest collection of surviving antebellum architecture.
St. Charles Avenue is also home to Loyola University New Orleans and Tulane University, both campuses of which sit across the street from Audubon Park.
Central Business District
For much of its history, New Orleans' skyline consisted of only low- and mid-rise structures. The soft local soils are susceptible to subsidence, and there was doubt about the feasibility of constructing large high-rises in such an environment. The 1960s brought the trail-blazing World Trade Center and Plaza Tower, which demonstrated that high-rise could stand firm on the soft ground.
One Shell Square took its place as the city's tallest building in 1972, a title it still holds. The oil boom of the early 1980s redefined the New Orleans skyline again with the development of the Poydras Street corridor. Today, high-rises are clustered along Canal and Poydras Streets in the Central Business District (CBD).
Located within the CBD is one of the world's most famous pieces of postmodern architecture, Charles Willard Moore's Piazza d'Italia.
The district has a number of significant historicist buildings. Perhaps the most notable are the Moorish revival Immaculate Conception Church and the Egyptian revival U.S. Custom House.
Lafayette Square has some notable art deco civic buildings.
Cemeteries
New Orleans is known for its elaborate European-style cemeteries, including Greenwood Cemetery, Saint Louis Cemeteries, and Metairie Cemetery. Because of New Orleans' high water table, graves are not dug "six feet under": stone tombs were the norm. Many cemeteries in New Orleans have historical significance.
Preservation
Many organizations, notably the Friends of the Cabildo and the Preservation Resource Center, are devoted to promoting the preservation of historic neighborhoods and buildings in New Orleans. New Orleans has suffered from the same problems with sinking property values and urban decline as other major cities. Many historic structures have been threatened with demolition. During Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita, several historic New Orleans neighborhoods were flooded, and numerous historic buildings were severely damaged. However, there is a general notion by both rebuilders and new developers to preserve the architectural integrity of the city.
Notable structures
U.S. Custom House, notable Egyptian revival building.
Immaculate Conception Church, notable Moorish revival building.
See also
American colonial architecture - includes French and Spanish colonial style
National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans Parish, Louisiana
History of New Orleans
List of tallest buildings in New Orleans
List of streets of New Orleans
Neighborhoods in New Orleans
James H. Dakin
James Gallier
Benjamin Henry Latrobe
References
Further reading
Campanella, Richard, Geographies of New Orleans : Urban Fabrics before the Storm, Gretna, LA, Pelican Publishing, 2006.
Kingsley, Karen. Buildings of Louisiana, New York: Society of Architectural Historians, 2003.
Lewis, Peirce. New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape, 2nd ed., Santa Fe, NM: Center for American Places, 2003.
External links
Vieux Carré Commission, City of New Orleans
New Orleans Architecture
Preservation Resource Center
Southeastern Architectural Archive, Special Collections Division, Tulane University Libraries
New Orleans |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Windows.Media;
namespace MahApps.Metro.IconPacks
{
[MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(Cursor))]
public class JamIconsCursorExtension : JamIconsImageExtension, IPackIconCursorExtension
{
public JamIconsCursorExtension() : base() => base.Brush = PackIconCursorHelper.DefaultBrush;
public JamIconsCursorExtension(PackIconJamIconsKind kind) : base(kind) => base.Brush = PackIconCursorHelper.DefaultBrush;
/// <inheritdoc/>
public Point HotSpot { get; set; }
/// <inheritdoc/>
public double Width { get; set; } = PackIconCursorHelper.DefaultWidth;
/// <inheritdoc/>
public double Height { get; set; } = PackIconCursorHelper.DefaultHeight;
/// <inheritdoc/>
public Brush StrokeBrush { get; set; }
/// <inheritdoc/>
public double StrokeThickness { get; set; } = PackIconCursorHelper.DefaultStrokeThickness;
public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
TransformGroup transformGroup = (TransformGroup)GetTransformGroup(this.Kind);
Geometry geometry = PackIconCursorHelper.GetCursorGeometry(GetPathData(this.Kind), transformGroup, Width, Height);
return PackIconCursorHelper.GeometryToCursor(geometry, Brush, StrokeBrush, StrokeThickness, HotSpot);
}
}
}
``` |
Admiral Sir Richard Wells (3 February 1833 – 9 October 1896) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, The Nore.
Naval career
Wells joined the Royal Navy in 1847 and served in the Crimean War in 1855. He was on board HMS Bombay when she was accidentally burned in 1864 with the loss of 91 lives off Montevideo. Promoted to captain in 1866, he commanded HMS Revenge, HMS Royal Alfred, HMS Bellerophon and then HMS Agincourt. He became Captain of the training ship HMS Britannia in 1880 before being appointed Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope and West Coast of Africa Station in 1888 and Commander-in-Chief, The Nore in 1894.
References
|-
1833 births
1896 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath |
My Israel (, Yisra'el Sheli) is an Israeli right wing extra-parliamentary movement. Its website describes itself as an "internet-based movement dedicated to spreading Zionism."
About the movement
The movement was founded in early 2010 by Ayelet Shaked and Naftali Bennett, who previously worked together in Benjamin Netanyahu's office. The movement cooperates with the Yesha Council in the fields of logistics and PR. As of September 2011 the movement's Hebrew Facebook page had over 62,000 subscribers and the English page over 26,000.
In May 2011 the movement began opening branches throughout the country and as for July the branches were opened in Haifa, Natanya, Ra'anana, Tiberias, El'ad, Beersheba, Giv'at Shmuel, Rishon LeZion and Kiryat Bialik.
in September 2014, the movement was registered as a nonprofit organization run by Sarah Haetzni-Cohen
Activity
The movement deals with public relations across the internet and especially on social networks and Wikipedia, but also arranges protests and demonstrations against alleged anti-Zionist activity in society and the media.
In 2010 My Israel started an organized campaign to insert "Zionist" editing onto Wikipedia, the free internet encyclopedia, in order to combat what it perceived as "anti-Israel entries."
On 29 July 2011 the movement expressed its support for the social justice protests but disapproved of the heads of the protest. My Israel defined the leaders as conscientious objectors and post-Zionist leftists who publicly speak against IDF soldiers. On August 3 the movements' activists participated in a demonstration near the protest encampment in Rothschild Avenue. They joined Im Tirtzu, Bnei Akiva, and other right wing activists, and called for lowering the costs of living while expressing their support for Prime Minister Netanyahu. On September 1, the movement published an online letter from 2002, which includes Daphni Leef's signature. The letter states that the signatories refuse to "serve the occupation."
References
External links
English official website
Conservatism in Israel
Zionist organizations
Organizations established in 2010
2010 establishments in Israel
Naftali Bennett |
Chamarajapete, also known as Chamarajpet is a locality in the central part of the city of Bangalore. It is bordered by Basavanagudi, Banashankari, Chickpet and Majestic.
Chamarajpet is one of the oldest areas in Bangalore, 2.9 km. from Bangalore City Railway Station and BMTC and 37.1 km. to Kempegowda International airport. The main commercial street of Chamrajpete is the Bazar Street, the continuation of which is Bull Temple Road.
Chamarajpet was founded in 1892 and the 125th anniversary was celebrated with a 3-day festival in the year 2017.
Chamarajpet houses many historical structures such as Kote Sri Prasanna Venkateshwara Swamy Temple, Fort High School, Tipu Sultan Summer Palace and Minto Hospital.
Raghavendra Colony, situated in the area, has a historical connection to the Maharaja of Mysore who visited here to meet Bengaluru's first-ever surgeon, Dr. B. D. Raghavendra Rao. Sri Sripadaraja Matha of Mulbagal is in Raghavendra Colony.
The locality got the name "Chamarajpet" because of the visit by Maharaja Chamarajendra Wodeyar. It was first named Chamarajendra Pete, which was later shortened to Chamrajpete.
The area becomes a music hub every year during the months of April and May, i.e., in the Rama Navami season. Sree Ramaseva Mandali RCT, one of the premier cultural organizations of the country, organizes an annual global music festival on the grounds of Fort High School, hosting the who's who of Indian Classical Music.
The area is also home to many manufacturers of agarbathis (incense sticks) and related items. The area is composed of five main roads and nine cross roads. A temple is located on every main road. The layout was referred to as the Chess Box Colony, given that when they were originally built, they all had square dimensions of 108 feet by 108 feet, that made it look like a chess board.
The nearest metro stations are the Krishna Rajendra Market metro station and the City Railway Station metro station. The locality has improved to a great extent and has a presence of over 10 to 15 educational institutions. Adarsh College is one of the prominent educational institutions, that attracts a large part of crowd from various cities across the country. Chamrajpete Houses some popular hospitals and medical centers with reputation.
This area is known for its peace, greenery and historical attractions.
The headquarters of the Kannada Sahitya Parishath is also located here.
References
Neighbourhoods in Bangalore |
KLO-FM (103.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Coalville, Utah, and serving the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. It airs a classic alternative radio format, known as "103.1 The Wave," and it is owned by Capital Broadcasting. The station is the radio home for Weber State University sporting events. The radio studios and offices are at the 257 Tower in Downtown Salt Lake City.
KLO-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 89,000 watts. (The maximum for most FM stations is 100,000 watts.) The transmitter is atop Humpy Peak, about 21 miles (34 km) east of Coalville. It also operates several booster stations on 103.1 MHz around Northern Utah.
History
Modern rock (1983-1992)
This station began in 1983, licensed to Ogden, Utah, and broadcasting on 95.5 FM. KJQN's Modern Rock format was also simulcast on a 1,000-watt AM station on 1490 kHz, which would later become KOGN.
In the late 1980s, KJQN was purchased by Abacus Communications. Abacus decided to make major changes in personnel in 1991. Fired program director Mike Summers, engineered a deal to take over another station, then-top 40 KZOL of Provo, Utah. Re-dubbed "X96" in February 1992, KXRK raided much of KJQ's talent. For a time the stations competed, but as KJQ's ratings eroded and modern rock promoters split their business, management decided to switch formats.
Top 40 (1992-2001)
In early October 1992 KJQN-FM flipped to Top 40 hits, adopting the letters KKBE.
Classic alternative (2002-2005)
In 2001, Simmons purchased stations in Brigham City and Oakley, and acquired the historic call letters. The "classic modern rock" format adopted by Simmons was meant to evoke music played on the original KJQ and the early music video days of MTV. The morning show featured veterans of the original KJQ, "Chet and Brad," and the station adopted some of the original KJQ's promotions including the old "Bessie" milk truck. Management went through several program directors including Ian McCain (from KCPX), Dom Casual (from KENZ and veteran of the original KJQ), Lara Jones (a veteran of the original KJQ), interim PD Todd Noker (also PD at sister station KXRK), Music Director Jon Smith (also from KENZ).
Adult hits (2005-2012)
On January 21, 2005, at noon, the station flipped to the adult hits format known as Jack FM. Since the nationally syndicated Jack-FM format doesn't use disc jockeys, the air staff was laid off without advance notice. Management stated the audience "wasn't growing as fast as we wanted."
Frank Bell and Randy Rose programmed KJQN after the station flipped to Jack FM. It stayed with adult hits for more than seven years.
Talk (2012-2014)
On June 29, 2012, the station announced that KJQN would drop the "Jack FM" format on July 16, 2012. It would begin simulcasting the talk radio format of KLO 1430 AM. The FM station switched its call sign to KLO-FM. The change took place at Midnight on that date. The last songs on Jack FM were "Wild Wild Life" by The Talking Heads and the first few seconds of "Janie's Got a Gun" by Aerosmith, which was abruptly cut off by the start of the simulcast.
Adult contemporary (2014-2016)
On March 26, 2014, 103.1 changed its call letters to KSQN, sparking rumors of a format change in the following months. On June 5, 2014, KSQN dropped its talk simulcast with KLO. It began playing adult contemporary music, branded as "Sunny 103."
Classic alternative (2016-present)
On September 30, 2016, Capitol Broadcasting announced that KSQN would flip to 80s hits as "103.1 The Wave" the following Monday, October 3. Promoting itself as "The Next Wave of New Wave", the format featured alternative rock and new wave music from the 1980s. The change took place at midnight on that date. The last song on Sunny was "Roar" by Katy Perry, and the first song on The Wave was "Wake Up (It's 1984)" by Oingo Boingo. The new format featured many former Salt Lake City personalities.
The KLO-FM call sign returned on November 3, 2020. The change followed Capital Broadcasting's sale of KLO 1430 AM to El Sembrador Ministries, a transaction that did not include the KLO call sign. This change also saw Weber State Wildcats football and basketball move from 1430 AM to 103.1 FM. The AM station became KMES.
Boosters
See also
List of Salt Lake City media
References
External links
103.1 The Wave official website
Classic Alternative KJQ Tribute site
The Classic Alternative Blog - Edited by a fan of both incarnations of KJQ, and featuring news on the artists who were frequently played on KJQ.
LO-FM
Mass media in Salt Lake City
Radio stations established in 2004
2004 establishments in Utah |
Florence is a city in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 39 at the 2010 census.
History
Florence was platted in 1888, and named for Florence Sherman, the daughter of a first settler. A post office was in operation at Florence in 1889.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
U.S. Route 14 and Minnesota State Highway 23 are two of the main routes in the community.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 39 people, 14 households, and 11 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 20 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 74.4% White, 23.1% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.1% of the population.
There were 14 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.27.
The median age in the city was 39.3 years. 30.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 5.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.2% male and 53.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 61 people, 21 households, and 17 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 27 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.89% White, 13.11% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.11% of the population.
There were 21 households, out of which 42.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.4% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $58,125. Males had a median income of $13,750 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,312. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
There is a Baitshop in town (The Highway Baitshop) that is the only business in Florence.
References
Cities in Minnesota
Cities in Lyon County, Minnesota |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Computes the sum of double-precision floating-point strided array elements, ignoring `NaN` values and using ordinary recursive summation.
*
* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
* @param {integer} strideX - `x` stride length
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetX - `x` starting index
* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
* @param {integer} strideOut - `out` stride length
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetOut - `out` starting index
* @returns {Float64Array} output array
*
* @example
* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
*
* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, NaN, NaN ] );
* var out = new Float64Array( 2 );
*
* var v = dnannsumors( 5, x, 2, 1, out, 1, 0 );
* // returns <Float64Array>[ 5.0, 4 ]
*/
function dnannsumors( N, x, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, offsetOut ) {
var sum;
var ix;
var io;
var n;
var i;
ix = offsetX;
io = offsetOut;
sum = 0.0;
if ( N <= 0 ) {
out[ io ] = sum;
out[ io+strideOut ] = 0;
return out;
}
if ( N === 1 || strideX === 0 ) {
if ( isnan( x[ ix ] ) ) {
out[ io ] = sum;
out[ io+strideOut ] = 0;
return out;
}
out[ io ] = x[ ix ];
out[ io+strideOut ] = 1;
return out;
}
n = 0;
for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
if ( isnan( x[ ix ] ) === false ) {
sum += x[ ix ];
n += 1;
}
ix += strideX;
}
out[ io ] = sum;
out[ io+strideOut ] = n;
return out;
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = dnannsumors;
``` |
```html
<!doctype html>
<title>abrupt closing of empty comment</title>
This one: <!-->.
And this one: <!--->.
``` |
Kanoon Apna Apna () is a 1989 Indian Hindi-language action-drama film starring Dilip Kumar, Nutan, Sanjay Dutt, Madhuri Dixit in pivotal roles. The film was a remake of Telugu film Collector Gari Abbai.
Plot
The Collector of Anokhapur, Jagatpratap Singh is a stickler for law and order. However, his son, Ravi believes that sometimes illegal means may be adopted in order to assert control. This causes conflict between the two. Ravi then falls in love with Editor Ramprasad's daughter, Bharathi. Bhushannath Bhadbole and Kabza Kanhaiyalal are corrupt ministers. Their sons, Kailash and Prakash respectively, rape and kill Jagatpratap's maid-servant and also kill Ravi's friend. They are acquitted because they gave fake alibis. Ravi decides to give these criminals the punishment they deserve. As Ravi knows this will cause a conflict with his father, he decides to leave home. He then becomes a police inspector. This does not heal the father-son bond as he still has different ideas about the meaning of justice. After deliberating on the statement that "the law is for human beings but not for monsters", the father finally agrees to join his son in his fight against the corrupt ministers.
Cast
Dilip Kumar as Collector Jagatpratap Singh
Nutan as Laxmi Singh
Sanjay Dutt as Inspector Ravi Kumar Singh
Madhuri Dixit as Bharati
Kader Khan as Bhushannath Bhadbole / Dharmendra
Anupam Kher as Kabza Kanhaiyalal
Gulshan Grover as Kailash Bhadbole
Tej Sapru as Prakash Kanhaiyalal
Satyendra Kapoor as Editor Ram Prasad
Mayur Verma as Satyen
Raza Murad as Dr. Mathur
Jayshree Gadkar as College Principal
Shagufta Ali as Basanti
Disco Shanti as Item Number
Lavu Nageswara Rao as Police Officer
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was written by Indeevar and composed by Bappi Lahiri.
External links
1989 films
1980s action drama films
1980s Hindi-language films
Films directed by B. Gopal
Films scored by Bappi Lahiri
Indian action drama films
Hindi remakes of Telugu films
Hindi-language action drama films |
The Miami Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour from 1924 to 1955. It was played at what is now the Miami Springs Golf & Country Club in Miami, Florida. The event was played in December from 1924 to 1926 and from 1937 to 1955. It was played in early January from 1928 to 1937.
Winners
1955 Sam Snead (reduced to 54 holes by bad weather)
1954 Bob Rosburg
1953 Doug Ford
1952 Jack Burke Jr.
1951 Sam Snead
1950 Sam Snead
1949 Fred Haas
1948 Frank Stranahan (amateur)
1947 Jimmy Demaret
1946 Sam Snead
1945 Henry Picard
1944 Dutch Harrison
1943 Steve Warga
1942 Harold "Jug" McSpaden (unofficial win)
1941 Byron Nelson
1940 Byron Nelson
1939 Sam Snead
1938 Harold "Jug" McSpaden
1937 (Dec.) Sam Snead
1937 (Jan.) Ray Mangrum
1936 Willie Klein
1935 Tommy Armour
1934 Ralph Stonehouse
1933 Johnny Revolta
1932 Tommy Armour
1931 Joe Turnesa
1930 Gene Sarazen
1929 Gene Sarazen
1928 Gene Sarazen
1927 No tournament - switched from December to January
1926 Gene Sarazen
1925 Willie Klein
1924 Abe Mitchell
External links
Miami Spring Golf and Country Club
Miami Springs Golf Course history - Miami Open history on pages 6–9
Former PGA Tour events
Golf in Florida
Sports competitions in Miami |
Ano Jawhar Abdulmaseeh Abdoka (, , , born in 1984 in Ankawa) is Chaldean politician who serves as the Minister of Transportations and Communications of Kurdistan Region of Iraq since July 2019. Before serving as a minister, Abdoka led and still leading Shlama Trend for Christian Affairs in Kurdistan and Iraq, and also leading the biggest Christian Chaldean Assyrian Syriac Alliance and block in Kurdistan Parliament, previously he led the local committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Ankawa Erbil. Abdoka is a Chaldean Catholic and is fluent in Syriac, English, Kurdish and Arabic.
In February 2020, Abdoka took part in an official Kurdish delegation to the Vatican City to meet Pope Francis and strengthen relations.
Tenure
Abdoka took his oath on a centuries-old manuscript damaged by ISIS as a symbolic gesture. During his tenure as Minister of Transportations and Communications, the Ministry began reforming the transportation sector by outlawing smoking in taxis and buses. Moreover, the Ministry successfully pushed internet companies to reduce the price of internet and also improve its speed.
See also
Lara Zara
References
Living people
Chaldean Catholics
Iraqi Assyrian people
People from Erbil Governorate
Kurdistan Democratic Party politicians
1984 births |
```ruby
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
require_relative '../../spec_helper'
guard -> { platform_is_not :windows or ruby_version_is "3.3" } do
describe "IO#pwrite" do
before :each do
@fname = tmp("io_pwrite.txt")
@file = File.open(@fname, "w+")
end
after :each do
@file.close
rm_r @fname
end
it "returns the number of bytes written" do
@file.pwrite("foo", 0).should == 3
end
it "accepts a string and an offset" do
@file.pwrite("foo", 2)
@file.pread(3, 2).should == "foo"
end
it "does not advance the pointer in the file" do
@file.pwrite("bar", 3)
@file.write("foo")
@file.pread(6, 0).should == "foobar"
end
it "calls #to_s on the object to be written" do
object = mock("to_s")
object.should_receive(:to_s).and_return("foo")
@file.pwrite(object, 0)
@file.pread(3, 0).should == "foo"
end
it "calls #to_int on the offset" do
offset = mock("to_int")
offset.should_receive(:to_int).and_return(2)
@file.pwrite("foo", offset)
@file.pread(3, 2).should == "foo"
end
it "raises IOError when file is not open in write mode" do
File.open(@fname, "r") do |file|
-> { file.pwrite("foo", 1) }.should raise_error(IOError, "not opened for writing")
end
end
it "raises IOError when file is closed" do
file = File.open(@fname, "w+")
file.close
-> { file.pwrite("foo", 1) }.should raise_error(IOError, "closed stream")
end
it "raises a NoMethodError if object does not respond to #to_s" do
-> {
@file.pwrite(BasicObject.new, 0)
}.should raise_error(NoMethodError, /undefined method [`']to_s'/)
end
it "raises a TypeError if the offset cannot be converted to an Integer" do
-> {
@file.pwrite("foo", Object.new)
}.should raise_error(TypeError, "no implicit conversion of Object into Integer")
end
end
end
``` |
```php
<?php
namespace WPGraphQL\Mutation;
use GraphQL\Error\UserError;
use GraphQLRelay\Relay;
use WPGraphQL\AppContext;
use WPGraphQL\Utils\Utils;
/**
* Class CommentRestore
*
* @package WPGraphQL\Mutation
*/
class CommentRestore {
/**
* Registers the CommentRestore mutation.
*
* @return void
*/
public static function register_mutation() {
register_graphql_mutation(
'restoreComment',
[
'inputFields' => self::get_input_fields(),
'outputFields' => self::get_output_fields(),
'mutateAndGetPayload' => self::mutate_and_get_payload(),
]
);
}
/**
* Defines the mutation input field configuration.
*
* @return array<string,array<string,mixed>>
*/
public static function get_input_fields() {
return [
'id' => [
'type' => [
'non_null' => 'ID',
],
'description' => __( 'The ID of the comment to be restored', 'wp-graphql' ),
],
];
}
/**
* Defines the mutation output field configuration.
*
* @return array<string,array<string,mixed>>
*/
public static function get_output_fields() {
return [
'restoredId' => [
'type' => 'Id',
'description' => __( 'The ID of the restored comment', 'wp-graphql' ),
'resolve' => static function ( $payload ) {
$restore = (object) $payload['commentObject'];
return ! empty( $restore->comment_ID ) ? Relay::toGlobalId( 'comment', $restore->comment_ID ) : null;
},
],
'comment' => [
'type' => 'Comment',
'description' => __( 'The restored comment object', 'wp-graphql' ),
'resolve' => static function ( $payload, $args, AppContext $context ) {
if ( ! isset( $payload['commentObject']->comment_ID ) || ! absint( $payload['commentObject']->comment_ID ) ) {
return null;
}
return $context->get_loader( 'comment' )->load_deferred( absint( $payload['commentObject']->comment_ID ) );
},
],
];
}
/**
* Defines the mutation data modification closure.
*
* @return callable(array<string,mixed>$input,\WPGraphQL\AppContext $context,\GraphQL\Type\Definition\ResolveInfo $info):array<string,mixed>
*/
public static function mutate_and_get_payload() {
return static function ( $input ) {
// Stop now if a user isn't allowed to delete the comment.
if ( ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
throw new UserError( esc_html__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to restore this comment.', 'wp-graphql' ) );
}
// Get the database ID for the comment.
$comment_id = Utils::get_database_id_from_id( $input['id'] );
if ( false === $comment_id ) {
throw new UserError( esc_html__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to restore this comment.', 'wp-graphql' ) );
}
// Delete the comment.
wp_untrash_comment( $comment_id );
$comment = get_comment( $comment_id );
return [
'commentObject' => $comment,
];
};
}
}
``` |
The history of the Jews in Senegal has its origins in the Jews of Bilad al-Sudan, those Jewish communities in West Africa dating to the 14th century. Today only a small number of Jews live in Senegal, mostly of foreign origin.
History
During the 14th and 15th centuries, Jews who had left or been expelled from Spain, Portugal, Morocco, North Africa, and the Middle East formed communities throughout West Africa. Sephardi Jews from Spain, Portugal, and Morocco settled along the coast of Senegal and on the islands of Cape Verde. Following the rise of Islam in the region, these Jewish communities have gradually disappeared due to assimilation and migration.
During the early 17th century, a group of Portuguese Jewish traders formed communities in the town of Joal-Fadiouth and elsewhere along the Petite Côte in the region of Senegambia, trading with West Africa, Portugal, and the Netherlands. Despite the opposition of Catholic Portuguese government, the Jews of Joal-Fadiouth were protected by the local chief and were allowed to openly practice their religion.
During the Holocaust, some Jews in Senegal were taken by the colonial Vichy administration to an interment camp in Sébikhotane for forced labor. The location of the interment camp has been located, but the functions of the buildings have not yet been identified. Two Jewish refugees who had escaped Europe were captured in Dakar and temporarily taken to the Sébikhotane internment camp and then transferred to the Office du Niger, a large cotton farm in Mali where the French colonial authorities used slave labor.
The residents of the village of Bani Israël are almost entirely Muslim and belong to a tribe that means "sons of Israel". Members of the tribe trace their lineage to two clans, Sylla and Drame, which they claim to be descended from Egyptian Jews. Despite claiming Jewish ancestry, members of the tribe are practicing Muslims and do not wish to become Jewish. According to former town president Dougoutigo Fadiga, "we don't like to talk too much about our Jewish background, but we don't hide it either. We know our people came from Egypt to Somalia, and from there to Nigeria, where they split about 1,000 years ago. One branch of the two families went to Mali, another to Guinea, and we settled here." However, one cultural trait the tribe shares with Judaism is an aversion to intermarriage; members of the tribe avoid assimilation and do not marry members of neighboring tribes. Disagreement exists as to the veracity of the tribe's claim of Jewish descent. Gideon Behar, Israel's ambassador to Senegal, has said that he believes the tribe is likely of Jewish descent. The Senegalese writer Abdoul Kader Taslimanka, who has written a book about the tribe, has doubted the tribe's claim of Jewish descent and believes the town's name has nothing to do with Jews but is rather named after a chapter from the Koran.
In contemporary Senegal, there are around 50 Jews in the country. The small community is based in Dakar and is mostly composed of French Jews, American Jews working for international organizations and NGOs, and Israeli Jews who have married local Senegalese people. Jewish communal life is closely tied to the Israeli Embassy in Dakar, where people gather for Shabbat and Jewish holidays.
See also
Bani Israël
Jews of Bilad el-Sudan
Lançados
Sébikhotane
References
External links
Êtes-vous Juif? Being Jewish in Senegal, The Times of Israel
American-Jewish diaspora
French diaspora in Africa
French-Jewish diaspora
Israeli diaspora
Sephardi Jewish culture in Africa |
Luis Humberto Normandín (19 September 1932 – 11 November 2004) was an Argentine water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1932 births
2004 deaths
Argentine male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Argentina
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics |
```kotlin
/*
* that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
import org.jetbrains.startup.*
import org.jetbrains.benchmarksLauncher.*
import kotlinx.cli.*
class StartupLauncher : Launcher() {
override val benchmarks = BenchmarksCollection(
mutableMapOf(
"Singleton.initialize" to BenchmarkEntryManual(::singletonInitialize),
"Singleton.initializeNested" to BenchmarkEntryManual(::singletonInitializeNested),
)
)
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val launcher = StartupLauncher()
BenchmarksRunner.runBenchmarks(args, { arguments: BenchmarkArguments ->
if (arguments is BaseBenchmarkArguments) {
launcher.launch(arguments.warmup, arguments.repeat, arguments.prefix,
arguments.filter, arguments.filterRegex, arguments.verbose)
} else emptyList()
}, benchmarksListAction = launcher::benchmarksListAction)
}
``` |
```javascript
(function(){function t(t){if(r)t(r);else{var e=new XMLHttpRequest;e.open("GET",g,!0),e.onload=function(){if(this.status>=200&&this.status<300){var e=JSON.parse(this.response);r=e instanceof Array?e:e.posts,t(r)}else console.error(this.statusText)},e.onerror=function(){console.error(this.statusText)},e.send()}}function e(t,e){return t.replace(/\{\w+\}/g,function(t){var n=t.replace(/\{|\}/g,"");return e[n]||""})}function n(t){var n="";n=t.length?t.map(function(t){return e(v,{title:t.title,path:(o.BLOG.ROOT+"/"+t.path).replace(/\/{2,}/g,"/"),date:new Date(t.date).toLocaleDateString(),tags:t.tags.map(function(t){return"<span>#"+t.name+"</span>"}).join("")})}).join(""):'<li class="tips"><i class="icon icon-coffee icon-3x"></i><p>Results not found!</p></li>',L.innerHTML=n}function i(t,e){return e.lastIndex=0,e.test(t)}function s(t,e){return i(t.title,e)||t.tags.some(function(t){return i(t.name,e)})||i(t.text,e)}function a(e){var i=this.value.trim();if(i){var a=new RegExp(i.replace(/[ ]/g,"|"),"gmi");t(function(t){var e=t.filter(function(t){return s(t,a)});n(e),w.show()}),e.preventDefault()}}var r,o=window||this,c=o.BLOG.even,l=o.BLOG.$,u=l("#search"),f=l("#search-wrap"),d=l("#key"),p=l("#back"),h=l("#search-panel"),L=l("#search-result"),v=l("#search-tpl").innerHTML,g=(o.BLOG.ROOT+"/content.json").replace(/\/{2}/g,"/"),m=o.BLOG.noop,O=l("html"),w={show:function(){o.innerWidth<760?O.classList.add("lock-size"):m,h.classList.add("in")},hide:function(){o.innerWidth<760?O.classList.remove("lock-size"):m,h.classList.remove("in")}};u.addEventListener(c,function(){f.classList.toggle("in"),d.value="",f.classList.contains("in")?d.focus():d.blur()}),p.addEventListener(c,function(){f.classList.remove("in"),w.hide()}),document.addEventListener(c,function(t){"key"!==t.target.id&&"click"===c&&w.hide()}),d.addEventListener("input",a),d.addEventListener(c,a)}).call(this);
``` |
Callopistria maillardi is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species can be found throughout central, eastern and southern Africa, including the islands of the Indian Ocean, Yemen, Chagos islands, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, southern China, in Hawaii, Hong Kong, New Zealand, the Society Islands, Sulawesi, as well as Queensland in Australia.
Description
Its wingspan is about 40 mm. Antennae of male with three spatulate hairs on the curved portion. Legs very densely clothed with long hair. Head and thorax clothed with dark ferrugineous and white hair. Abdomen paler with ferrous colored dorsal tufts. Forewings more varied with reddish. The veins and lines reddish. Antemedial line more angulated. There is a medial crenulate black line. Ventral side of hindwings with more crenulated postmedial line.
Ecology
The larvae feed on Adiantum, Lygodium, Pellaea, Nephrolepis biserrata, and Asplenium nidus.
References
External links
Species info
Caradrinini
Moths described in 1862
Owlet moths of Africa
Moths of Asia
Moths of Oceania |
```python
# All Rights Reserved
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
# lowing conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
from boto.regioninfo import RegionInfo, get_regions
from boto.regioninfo import connect
def regions():
"""
Get all available regions for the Amazon Cognito Identity service.
:rtype: list
:return: A list of :class:`boto.regioninfo.RegionInfo`
"""
from boto.cognito.identity.layer1 import CognitoIdentityConnection
return get_regions('cognito-identity',
connection_cls=CognitoIdentityConnection)
def connect_to_region(region_name, **kw_params):
from boto.cognito.identity.layer1 import CognitoIdentityConnection
return connect('cognito-identity', region_name,
connection_cls=CognitoIdentityConnection, **kw_params)
``` |
Satbani is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in Balakot tehsil and lies in an area that was affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. On 3 September 2007, survivors of the earthquake from Satbani, Ghanool, Garlat and Kawai Union Councils organised a protest in Satbani against the authorities for the delay in compensation.
References
Union councils of Mansehra District
Populated places in Mansehra District |
```go
// mkerrors.sh -Wall -Werror -static -I/tmp/include -m64
// Code generated by the command above; see README.md. DO NOT EDIT.
// +build amd64,linux
// Code generated by cmd/cgo -godefs; DO NOT EDIT.
// cgo -godefs -- -Wall -Werror -static -I/tmp/include -m64 _const.go
package unix
import "syscall"
const (
AAFS_MAGIC = 0x5a3c69f0
ADFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xadf5
AFFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xadff
AFS_FS_MAGIC = 0x6b414653
AFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x5346414f
AF_ALG = 0x26
AF_APPLETALK = 0x5
AF_ASH = 0x12
AF_ATMPVC = 0x8
AF_ATMSVC = 0x14
AF_AX25 = 0x3
AF_BLUETOOTH = 0x1f
AF_BRIDGE = 0x7
AF_CAIF = 0x25
AF_CAN = 0x1d
AF_DECnet = 0xc
AF_ECONET = 0x13
AF_FILE = 0x1
AF_IB = 0x1b
AF_IEEE802154 = 0x24
AF_INET = 0x2
AF_INET6 = 0xa
AF_IPX = 0x4
AF_IRDA = 0x17
AF_ISDN = 0x22
AF_IUCV = 0x20
AF_KCM = 0x29
AF_KEY = 0xf
AF_LLC = 0x1a
AF_LOCAL = 0x1
AF_MAX = 0x2c
AF_MPLS = 0x1c
AF_NETBEUI = 0xd
AF_NETLINK = 0x10
AF_NETROM = 0x6
AF_NFC = 0x27
AF_PACKET = 0x11
AF_PHONET = 0x23
AF_PPPOX = 0x18
AF_QIPCRTR = 0x2a
AF_RDS = 0x15
AF_ROSE = 0xb
AF_ROUTE = 0x10
AF_RXRPC = 0x21
AF_SECURITY = 0xe
AF_SMC = 0x2b
AF_SNA = 0x16
AF_TIPC = 0x1e
AF_UNIX = 0x1
AF_UNSPEC = 0x0
AF_VSOCK = 0x28
AF_WANPIPE = 0x19
AF_X25 = 0x9
AF_XDP = 0x2c
ALG_OP_DECRYPT = 0x0
ALG_OP_ENCRYPT = 0x1
ALG_SET_AEAD_ASSOCLEN = 0x4
ALG_SET_AEAD_AUTHSIZE = 0x5
ALG_SET_IV = 0x2
ALG_SET_KEY = 0x1
ALG_SET_OP = 0x3
ANON_INODE_FS_MAGIC = 0x9041934
ARPHRD_6LOWPAN = 0x339
ARPHRD_ADAPT = 0x108
ARPHRD_APPLETLK = 0x8
ARPHRD_ARCNET = 0x7
ARPHRD_ASH = 0x30d
ARPHRD_ATM = 0x13
ARPHRD_AX25 = 0x3
ARPHRD_BIF = 0x307
ARPHRD_CAIF = 0x336
ARPHRD_CAN = 0x118
ARPHRD_CHAOS = 0x5
ARPHRD_CISCO = 0x201
ARPHRD_CSLIP = 0x101
ARPHRD_CSLIP6 = 0x103
ARPHRD_DDCMP = 0x205
ARPHRD_DLCI = 0xf
ARPHRD_ECONET = 0x30e
ARPHRD_EETHER = 0x2
ARPHRD_ETHER = 0x1
ARPHRD_EUI64 = 0x1b
ARPHRD_FCAL = 0x311
ARPHRD_FCFABRIC = 0x313
ARPHRD_FCPL = 0x312
ARPHRD_FCPP = 0x310
ARPHRD_FDDI = 0x306
ARPHRD_FRAD = 0x302
ARPHRD_HDLC = 0x201
ARPHRD_HIPPI = 0x30c
ARPHRD_HWX25 = 0x110
ARPHRD_IEEE1394 = 0x18
ARPHRD_IEEE802 = 0x6
ARPHRD_IEEE80211 = 0x321
ARPHRD_IEEE80211_PRISM = 0x322
ARPHRD_IEEE80211_RADIOTAP = 0x323
ARPHRD_IEEE802154 = 0x324
ARPHRD_IEEE802154_MONITOR = 0x325
ARPHRD_IEEE802_TR = 0x320
ARPHRD_INFINIBAND = 0x20
ARPHRD_IP6GRE = 0x337
ARPHRD_IPDDP = 0x309
ARPHRD_IPGRE = 0x30a
ARPHRD_IRDA = 0x30f
ARPHRD_LAPB = 0x204
ARPHRD_LOCALTLK = 0x305
ARPHRD_LOOPBACK = 0x304
ARPHRD_METRICOM = 0x17
ARPHRD_NETLINK = 0x338
ARPHRD_NETROM = 0x0
ARPHRD_NONE = 0xfffe
ARPHRD_PHONET = 0x334
ARPHRD_PHONET_PIPE = 0x335
ARPHRD_PIMREG = 0x30b
ARPHRD_PPP = 0x200
ARPHRD_PRONET = 0x4
ARPHRD_RAWHDLC = 0x206
ARPHRD_RAWIP = 0x207
ARPHRD_ROSE = 0x10e
ARPHRD_RSRVD = 0x104
ARPHRD_SIT = 0x308
ARPHRD_SKIP = 0x303
ARPHRD_SLIP = 0x100
ARPHRD_SLIP6 = 0x102
ARPHRD_TUNNEL = 0x300
ARPHRD_TUNNEL6 = 0x301
ARPHRD_VOID = 0xffff
ARPHRD_VSOCKMON = 0x33a
ARPHRD_X25 = 0x10f
AUTOFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x187
B0 = 0x0
B1000000 = 0x1008
B110 = 0x3
B115200 = 0x1002
B1152000 = 0x1009
B1200 = 0x9
B134 = 0x4
B150 = 0x5
B1500000 = 0x100a
B1800 = 0xa
B19200 = 0xe
B200 = 0x6
B2000000 = 0x100b
B230400 = 0x1003
B2400 = 0xb
B2500000 = 0x100c
B300 = 0x7
B3000000 = 0x100d
B3500000 = 0x100e
B38400 = 0xf
B4000000 = 0x100f
B460800 = 0x1004
B4800 = 0xc
B50 = 0x1
B500000 = 0x1005
B57600 = 0x1001
B576000 = 0x1006
B600 = 0x8
B75 = 0x2
B921600 = 0x1007
B9600 = 0xd
BALLOON_KVM_MAGIC = 0x13661366
BDEVFS_MAGIC = 0x62646576
BINFMTFS_MAGIC = 0x42494e4d
BLKBSZGET = 0x80081270
BLKBSZSET = 0x40081271
BLKFLSBUF = 0x1261
BLKFRAGET = 0x1265
BLKFRASET = 0x1264
BLKGETSIZE = 0x1260
BLKGETSIZE64 = 0x80081272
BLKPBSZGET = 0x127b
BLKRAGET = 0x1263
BLKRASET = 0x1262
BLKROGET = 0x125e
BLKROSET = 0x125d
BLKRRPART = 0x125f
BLKSECTGET = 0x1267
BLKSECTSET = 0x1266
BLKSSZGET = 0x1268
BOTHER = 0x1000
BPF_A = 0x10
BPF_ABS = 0x20
BPF_ADD = 0x0
BPF_ALU = 0x4
BPF_AND = 0x50
BPF_B = 0x10
BPF_DIV = 0x30
BPF_FS_MAGIC = 0xcafe4a11
BPF_H = 0x8
BPF_IMM = 0x0
BPF_IND = 0x40
BPF_JA = 0x0
BPF_JEQ = 0x10
BPF_JGE = 0x30
BPF_JGT = 0x20
BPF_JMP = 0x5
BPF_JSET = 0x40
BPF_K = 0x0
BPF_LD = 0x0
BPF_LDX = 0x1
BPF_LEN = 0x80
BPF_LL_OFF = -0x200000
BPF_LSH = 0x60
BPF_MAJOR_VERSION = 0x1
BPF_MAXINSNS = 0x1000
BPF_MEM = 0x60
BPF_MEMWORDS = 0x10
BPF_MINOR_VERSION = 0x1
BPF_MISC = 0x7
BPF_MOD = 0x90
BPF_MSH = 0xa0
BPF_MUL = 0x20
BPF_NEG = 0x80
BPF_NET_OFF = -0x100000
BPF_OR = 0x40
BPF_RET = 0x6
BPF_RSH = 0x70
BPF_ST = 0x2
BPF_STX = 0x3
BPF_SUB = 0x10
BPF_TAX = 0x0
BPF_TXA = 0x80
BPF_W = 0x0
BPF_X = 0x8
BPF_XOR = 0xa0
BRKINT = 0x2
BS0 = 0x0
BS1 = 0x2000
BSDLY = 0x2000
BTRFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x9123683e
BTRFS_TEST_MAGIC = 0x73727279
CAN_BCM = 0x2
CAN_EFF_FLAG = 0x80000000
CAN_EFF_ID_BITS = 0x1d
CAN_EFF_MASK = 0x1fffffff
CAN_ERR_FLAG = 0x20000000
CAN_ERR_MASK = 0x1fffffff
CAN_INV_FILTER = 0x20000000
CAN_ISOTP = 0x6
CAN_MAX_DLC = 0x8
CAN_MAX_DLEN = 0x8
CAN_MCNET = 0x5
CAN_MTU = 0x10
CAN_NPROTO = 0x7
CAN_RAW = 0x1
CAN_RAW_FILTER_MAX = 0x200
CAN_RTR_FLAG = 0x40000000
CAN_SFF_ID_BITS = 0xb
CAN_SFF_MASK = 0x7ff
CAN_TP16 = 0x3
CAN_TP20 = 0x4
CBAUD = 0x100f
CBAUDEX = 0x1000
CFLUSH = 0xf
CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x63677270
CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x27e0eb
CIBAUD = 0x100f0000
CLOCAL = 0x800
CLOCK_BOOTTIME = 0x7
CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM = 0x9
CLOCK_DEFAULT = 0x0
CLOCK_EXT = 0x1
CLOCK_INT = 0x2
CLOCK_MONOTONIC = 0x1
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE = 0x6
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW = 0x4
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID = 0x2
CLOCK_REALTIME = 0x0
CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM = 0x8
CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE = 0x5
CLOCK_TAI = 0xb
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID = 0x3
CLOCK_TXFROMRX = 0x4
CLOCK_TXINT = 0x3
CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID = 0x200000
CLONE_CHILD_SETTID = 0x1000000
CLONE_DETACHED = 0x400000
CLONE_FILES = 0x400
CLONE_FS = 0x200
CLONE_IO = 0x80000000
CLONE_NEWCGROUP = 0x2000000
CLONE_NEWIPC = 0x8000000
CLONE_NEWNET = 0x40000000
CLONE_NEWNS = 0x20000
CLONE_NEWPID = 0x20000000
CLONE_NEWUSER = 0x10000000
CLONE_NEWUTS = 0x4000000
CLONE_PARENT = 0x8000
CLONE_PARENT_SETTID = 0x100000
CLONE_PTRACE = 0x2000
CLONE_SETTLS = 0x80000
CLONE_SIGHAND = 0x800
CLONE_SYSVSEM = 0x40000
CLONE_THREAD = 0x10000
CLONE_UNTRACED = 0x800000
CLONE_VFORK = 0x4000
CLONE_VM = 0x100
CMSPAR = 0x40000000
CODA_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x73757245
CR0 = 0x0
CR1 = 0x200
CR2 = 0x400
CR3 = 0x600
CRAMFS_MAGIC = 0x28cd3d45
CRDLY = 0x600
CREAD = 0x80
CRTSCTS = 0x80000000
CS5 = 0x0
CS6 = 0x10
CS7 = 0x20
CS8 = 0x30
CSIGNAL = 0xff
CSIZE = 0x30
CSTART = 0x11
CSTATUS = 0x0
CSTOP = 0x13
CSTOPB = 0x40
CSUSP = 0x1a
DAXFS_MAGIC = 0x64646178
DEBUGFS_MAGIC = 0x64626720
DEVPTS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x1cd1
DT_BLK = 0x6
DT_CHR = 0x2
DT_DIR = 0x4
DT_FIFO = 0x1
DT_LNK = 0xa
DT_REG = 0x8
DT_SOCK = 0xc
DT_UNKNOWN = 0x0
DT_WHT = 0xe
ECHO = 0x8
ECHOCTL = 0x200
ECHOE = 0x10
ECHOK = 0x20
ECHOKE = 0x800
ECHONL = 0x40
ECHOPRT = 0x400
ECRYPTFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xf15f
EFD_CLOEXEC = 0x80000
EFD_NONBLOCK = 0x800
EFD_SEMAPHORE = 0x1
EFIVARFS_MAGIC = 0xde5e81e4
EFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x414a53
ENCODING_DEFAULT = 0x0
ENCODING_FM_MARK = 0x3
ENCODING_FM_SPACE = 0x4
ENCODING_MANCHESTER = 0x5
ENCODING_NRZ = 0x1
ENCODING_NRZI = 0x2
EPOLLERR = 0x8
EPOLLET = 0x80000000
EPOLLEXCLUSIVE = 0x10000000
EPOLLHUP = 0x10
EPOLLIN = 0x1
EPOLLMSG = 0x400
EPOLLONESHOT = 0x40000000
EPOLLOUT = 0x4
EPOLLPRI = 0x2
EPOLLRDBAND = 0x80
EPOLLRDHUP = 0x2000
EPOLLRDNORM = 0x40
EPOLLWAKEUP = 0x20000000
EPOLLWRBAND = 0x200
EPOLLWRNORM = 0x100
EPOLL_CLOEXEC = 0x80000
EPOLL_CTL_ADD = 0x1
EPOLL_CTL_DEL = 0x2
EPOLL_CTL_MOD = 0x3
ETH_P_1588 = 0x88f7
ETH_P_8021AD = 0x88a8
ETH_P_8021AH = 0x88e7
ETH_P_8021Q = 0x8100
ETH_P_80221 = 0x8917
ETH_P_802_2 = 0x4
ETH_P_802_3 = 0x1
ETH_P_802_3_MIN = 0x600
ETH_P_802_EX1 = 0x88b5
ETH_P_AARP = 0x80f3
ETH_P_AF_IUCV = 0xfbfb
ETH_P_ALL = 0x3
ETH_P_AOE = 0x88a2
ETH_P_ARCNET = 0x1a
ETH_P_ARP = 0x806
ETH_P_ATALK = 0x809b
ETH_P_ATMFATE = 0x8884
ETH_P_ATMMPOA = 0x884c
ETH_P_AX25 = 0x2
ETH_P_BATMAN = 0x4305
ETH_P_BPQ = 0x8ff
ETH_P_CAIF = 0xf7
ETH_P_CAN = 0xc
ETH_P_CANFD = 0xd
ETH_P_CONTROL = 0x16
ETH_P_CUST = 0x6006
ETH_P_DDCMP = 0x6
ETH_P_DEC = 0x6000
ETH_P_DIAG = 0x6005
ETH_P_DNA_DL = 0x6001
ETH_P_DNA_RC = 0x6002
ETH_P_DNA_RT = 0x6003
ETH_P_DSA = 0x1b
ETH_P_ECONET = 0x18
ETH_P_EDSA = 0xdada
ETH_P_ERSPAN = 0x88be
ETH_P_ERSPAN2 = 0x22eb
ETH_P_FCOE = 0x8906
ETH_P_FIP = 0x8914
ETH_P_HDLC = 0x19
ETH_P_HSR = 0x892f
ETH_P_IBOE = 0x8915
ETH_P_IEEE802154 = 0xf6
ETH_P_IEEEPUP = 0xa00
ETH_P_IEEEPUPAT = 0xa01
ETH_P_IFE = 0xed3e
ETH_P_IP = 0x800
ETH_P_IPV6 = 0x86dd
ETH_P_IPX = 0x8137
ETH_P_IRDA = 0x17
ETH_P_LAT = 0x6004
ETH_P_LINK_CTL = 0x886c
ETH_P_LOCALTALK = 0x9
ETH_P_LOOP = 0x60
ETH_P_LOOPBACK = 0x9000
ETH_P_MACSEC = 0x88e5
ETH_P_MAP = 0xf9
ETH_P_MOBITEX = 0x15
ETH_P_MPLS_MC = 0x8848
ETH_P_MPLS_UC = 0x8847
ETH_P_MVRP = 0x88f5
ETH_P_NCSI = 0x88f8
ETH_P_NSH = 0x894f
ETH_P_PAE = 0x888e
ETH_P_PAUSE = 0x8808
ETH_P_PHONET = 0xf5
ETH_P_PPPTALK = 0x10
ETH_P_PPP_DISC = 0x8863
ETH_P_PPP_MP = 0x8
ETH_P_PPP_SES = 0x8864
ETH_P_PREAUTH = 0x88c7
ETH_P_PRP = 0x88fb
ETH_P_PUP = 0x200
ETH_P_PUPAT = 0x201
ETH_P_QINQ1 = 0x9100
ETH_P_QINQ2 = 0x9200
ETH_P_QINQ3 = 0x9300
ETH_P_RARP = 0x8035
ETH_P_SCA = 0x6007
ETH_P_SLOW = 0x8809
ETH_P_SNAP = 0x5
ETH_P_TDLS = 0x890d
ETH_P_TEB = 0x6558
ETH_P_TIPC = 0x88ca
ETH_P_TRAILER = 0x1c
ETH_P_TR_802_2 = 0x11
ETH_P_TSN = 0x22f0
ETH_P_WAN_PPP = 0x7
ETH_P_WCCP = 0x883e
ETH_P_X25 = 0x805
ETH_P_XDSA = 0xf8
EXABYTE_ENABLE_NEST = 0xf0
EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xef53
EXT3_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xef53
EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xef53
EXTA = 0xe
EXTB = 0xf
EXTPROC = 0x10000
F2FS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xf2f52010
FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE = 0x8
FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE = 0x20
FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE = 0x1
FALLOC_FL_NO_HIDE_STALE = 0x4
FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE = 0x2
FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE_RANGE = 0x40
FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE = 0x10
FD_CLOEXEC = 0x1
FD_SETSIZE = 0x400
FF0 = 0x0
FF1 = 0x8000
FFDLY = 0x8000
FLUSHO = 0x1000
FP_XSTATE_MAGIC2 = 0x46505845
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CBC = 0x5
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CTS = 0x6
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CBC = 0x3
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS = 0x4
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_GCM = 0x2
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS = 0x1
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_INVALID = 0x0
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_SPECK128_256_CTS = 0x8
FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_SPECK128_256_XTS = 0x7
FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY = 0x400c6615
FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_PWSALT = 0x40106614
FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY = 0x800c6613
FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE = 0x8
FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX = "fscrypt:"
FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX_SIZE = 0x8
FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE = 0x40
FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_16 = 0x2
FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_32 = 0x3
FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_4 = 0x0
FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_8 = 0x1
FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_MASK = 0x3
FS_POLICY_FLAGS_VALID = 0x3
FUTEXFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xbad1dea
F_ADD_SEALS = 0x409
F_DUPFD = 0x0
F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC = 0x406
F_EXLCK = 0x4
F_GETFD = 0x1
F_GETFL = 0x3
F_GETLEASE = 0x401
F_GETLK = 0x5
F_GETLK64 = 0x5
F_GETOWN = 0x9
F_GETOWN_EX = 0x10
F_GETPIPE_SZ = 0x408
F_GETSIG = 0xb
F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT = 0x40d
F_GET_RW_HINT = 0x40b
F_GET_SEALS = 0x40a
F_LOCK = 0x1
F_NOTIFY = 0x402
F_OFD_GETLK = 0x24
F_OFD_SETLK = 0x25
F_OFD_SETLKW = 0x26
F_OK = 0x0
F_RDLCK = 0x0
F_SEAL_GROW = 0x4
F_SEAL_SEAL = 0x1
F_SEAL_SHRINK = 0x2
F_SEAL_WRITE = 0x8
F_SETFD = 0x2
F_SETFL = 0x4
F_SETLEASE = 0x400
F_SETLK = 0x6
F_SETLK64 = 0x6
F_SETLKW = 0x7
F_SETLKW64 = 0x7
F_SETOWN = 0x8
F_SETOWN_EX = 0xf
F_SETPIPE_SZ = 0x407
F_SETSIG = 0xa
F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT = 0x40e
F_SET_RW_HINT = 0x40c
F_SHLCK = 0x8
F_TEST = 0x3
F_TLOCK = 0x2
F_ULOCK = 0x0
F_UNLCK = 0x2
F_WRLCK = 0x1
GENL_ADMIN_PERM = 0x1
GENL_CMD_CAP_DO = 0x2
GENL_CMD_CAP_DUMP = 0x4
GENL_CMD_CAP_HASPOL = 0x8
GENL_HDRLEN = 0x4
GENL_ID_CTRL = 0x10
GENL_ID_PMCRAID = 0x12
GENL_ID_VFS_DQUOT = 0x11
GENL_MAX_ID = 0x3ff
GENL_MIN_ID = 0x10
GENL_NAMSIZ = 0x10
GENL_START_ALLOC = 0x13
GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM = 0x10
GRND_NONBLOCK = 0x1
GRND_RANDOM = 0x2
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD = 0x31f
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD_AEB = 0x31e
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD_HDR_SIZE = 0x4
HDIO_DRIVE_HOB_HDR_SIZE = 0x8
HDIO_DRIVE_RESET = 0x31c
HDIO_DRIVE_TASK = 0x31e
HDIO_DRIVE_TASKFILE = 0x31d
HDIO_DRIVE_TASK_HDR_SIZE = 0x8
HDIO_GETGEO = 0x301
HDIO_GET_32BIT = 0x309
HDIO_GET_ACOUSTIC = 0x30f
HDIO_GET_ADDRESS = 0x310
HDIO_GET_BUSSTATE = 0x31a
HDIO_GET_DMA = 0x30b
HDIO_GET_IDENTITY = 0x30d
HDIO_GET_KEEPSETTINGS = 0x308
HDIO_GET_MULTCOUNT = 0x304
HDIO_GET_NICE = 0x30c
HDIO_GET_NOWERR = 0x30a
HDIO_GET_QDMA = 0x305
HDIO_GET_UNMASKINTR = 0x302
HDIO_GET_WCACHE = 0x30e
HDIO_OBSOLETE_IDENTITY = 0x307
HDIO_SCAN_HWIF = 0x328
HDIO_SET_32BIT = 0x324
HDIO_SET_ACOUSTIC = 0x32c
HDIO_SET_ADDRESS = 0x32f
HDIO_SET_BUSSTATE = 0x32d
HDIO_SET_DMA = 0x326
HDIO_SET_KEEPSETTINGS = 0x323
HDIO_SET_MULTCOUNT = 0x321
HDIO_SET_NICE = 0x329
HDIO_SET_NOWERR = 0x325
HDIO_SET_PIO_MODE = 0x327
HDIO_SET_QDMA = 0x32e
HDIO_SET_UNMASKINTR = 0x322
HDIO_SET_WCACHE = 0x32b
HDIO_SET_XFER = 0x306
HDIO_TRISTATE_HWIF = 0x31b
HDIO_UNREGISTER_HWIF = 0x32a
HOSTFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xc0ffee
HPFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xf995e849
HUGETLBFS_MAGIC = 0x958458f6
HUPCL = 0x400
IBSHIFT = 0x10
ICANON = 0x2
ICMPV6_FILTER = 0x1
ICRNL = 0x100
IEXTEN = 0x8000
IFA_F_DADFAILED = 0x8
IFA_F_DEPRECATED = 0x20
IFA_F_HOMEADDRESS = 0x10
IFA_F_MANAGETEMPADDR = 0x100
IFA_F_MCAUTOJOIN = 0x400
IFA_F_NODAD = 0x2
IFA_F_NOPREFIXROUTE = 0x200
IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC = 0x4
IFA_F_PERMANENT = 0x80
IFA_F_SECONDARY = 0x1
IFA_F_STABLE_PRIVACY = 0x800
IFA_F_TEMPORARY = 0x1
IFA_F_TENTATIVE = 0x40
IFA_MAX = 0x9
IFF_ALLMULTI = 0x200
IFF_ATTACH_QUEUE = 0x200
IFF_AUTOMEDIA = 0x4000
IFF_BROADCAST = 0x2
IFF_DEBUG = 0x4
IFF_DETACH_QUEUE = 0x400
IFF_DORMANT = 0x20000
IFF_DYNAMIC = 0x8000
IFF_ECHO = 0x40000
IFF_LOOPBACK = 0x8
IFF_LOWER_UP = 0x10000
IFF_MASTER = 0x400
IFF_MULTICAST = 0x1000
IFF_MULTI_QUEUE = 0x100
IFF_NAPI = 0x10
IFF_NAPI_FRAGS = 0x20
IFF_NOARP = 0x80
IFF_NOFILTER = 0x1000
IFF_NOTRAILERS = 0x20
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000
IFF_ONE_QUEUE = 0x2000
IFF_PERSIST = 0x800
IFF_POINTOPOINT = 0x10
IFF_PORTSEL = 0x2000
IFF_PROMISC = 0x100
IFF_RUNNING = 0x40
IFF_SLAVE = 0x800
IFF_TAP = 0x2
IFF_TUN = 0x1
IFF_TUN_EXCL = 0x8000
IFF_UP = 0x1
IFF_VNET_HDR = 0x4000
IFF_VOLATILE = 0x70c5a
IFNAMSIZ = 0x10
IGNBRK = 0x1
IGNCR = 0x80
IGNPAR = 0x4
IMAXBEL = 0x2000
INLCR = 0x40
INPCK = 0x10
IN_ACCESS = 0x1
IN_ALL_EVENTS = 0xfff
IN_ATTRIB = 0x4
IN_CLASSA_HOST = 0xffffff
IN_CLASSA_MAX = 0x80
IN_CLASSA_NET = 0xff000000
IN_CLASSA_NSHIFT = 0x18
IN_CLASSB_HOST = 0xffff
IN_CLASSB_MAX = 0x10000
IN_CLASSB_NET = 0xffff0000
IN_CLASSB_NSHIFT = 0x10
IN_CLASSC_HOST = 0xff
IN_CLASSC_NET = 0xffffff00
IN_CLASSC_NSHIFT = 0x8
IN_CLOEXEC = 0x80000
IN_CLOSE = 0x18
IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE = 0x10
IN_CLOSE_WRITE = 0x8
IN_CREATE = 0x100
IN_DELETE = 0x200
IN_DELETE_SELF = 0x400
IN_DONT_FOLLOW = 0x2000000
IN_EXCL_UNLINK = 0x4000000
IN_IGNORED = 0x8000
IN_ISDIR = 0x40000000
IN_LOOPBACKNET = 0x7f
IN_MASK_ADD = 0x20000000
IN_MODIFY = 0x2
IN_MOVE = 0xc0
IN_MOVED_FROM = 0x40
IN_MOVED_TO = 0x80
IN_MOVE_SELF = 0x800
IN_NONBLOCK = 0x800
IN_ONESHOT = 0x80000000
IN_ONLYDIR = 0x1000000
IN_OPEN = 0x20
IN_Q_OVERFLOW = 0x4000
IN_UNMOUNT = 0x2000
IOCTL_VM_SOCKETS_GET_LOCAL_CID = 0x7b9
IPPROTO_AH = 0x33
IPPROTO_BEETPH = 0x5e
IPPROTO_COMP = 0x6c
IPPROTO_DCCP = 0x21
IPPROTO_DSTOPTS = 0x3c
IPPROTO_EGP = 0x8
IPPROTO_ENCAP = 0x62
IPPROTO_ESP = 0x32
IPPROTO_FRAGMENT = 0x2c
IPPROTO_GRE = 0x2f
IPPROTO_HOPOPTS = 0x0
IPPROTO_ICMP = 0x1
IPPROTO_ICMPV6 = 0x3a
IPPROTO_IDP = 0x16
IPPROTO_IGMP = 0x2
IPPROTO_IP = 0x0
IPPROTO_IPIP = 0x4
IPPROTO_IPV6 = 0x29
IPPROTO_MH = 0x87
IPPROTO_MPLS = 0x89
IPPROTO_MTP = 0x5c
IPPROTO_NONE = 0x3b
IPPROTO_PIM = 0x67
IPPROTO_PUP = 0xc
IPPROTO_RAW = 0xff
IPPROTO_ROUTING = 0x2b
IPPROTO_RSVP = 0x2e
IPPROTO_SCTP = 0x84
IPPROTO_TCP = 0x6
IPPROTO_TP = 0x1d
IPPROTO_UDP = 0x11
IPPROTO_UDPLITE = 0x88
IPV6_2292DSTOPTS = 0x4
IPV6_2292HOPLIMIT = 0x8
IPV6_2292HOPOPTS = 0x3
IPV6_2292PKTINFO = 0x2
IPV6_2292PKTOPTIONS = 0x6
IPV6_2292RTHDR = 0x5
IPV6_ADDRFORM = 0x1
IPV6_ADDR_PREFERENCES = 0x48
IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP = 0x14
IPV6_AUTHHDR = 0xa
IPV6_AUTOFLOWLABEL = 0x46
IPV6_CHECKSUM = 0x7
IPV6_DONTFRAG = 0x3e
IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP = 0x15
IPV6_DSTOPTS = 0x3b
IPV6_FREEBIND = 0x4e
IPV6_HDRINCL = 0x24
IPV6_HOPLIMIT = 0x34
IPV6_HOPOPTS = 0x36
IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY = 0x22
IPV6_JOIN_ANYCAST = 0x1b
IPV6_JOIN_GROUP = 0x14
IPV6_LEAVE_ANYCAST = 0x1c
IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP = 0x15
IPV6_MINHOPCOUNT = 0x49
IPV6_MTU = 0x18
IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER = 0x17
IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS = 0x12
IPV6_MULTICAST_IF = 0x11
IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP = 0x13
IPV6_NEXTHOP = 0x9
IPV6_ORIGDSTADDR = 0x4a
IPV6_PATHMTU = 0x3d
IPV6_PKTINFO = 0x32
IPV6_PMTUDISC_DO = 0x2
IPV6_PMTUDISC_DONT = 0x0
IPV6_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE = 0x4
IPV6_PMTUDISC_OMIT = 0x5
IPV6_PMTUDISC_PROBE = 0x3
IPV6_PMTUDISC_WANT = 0x1
IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS = 0x3a
IPV6_RECVERR = 0x19
IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE = 0x4d
IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT = 0x33
IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS = 0x35
IPV6_RECVORIGDSTADDR = 0x4a
IPV6_RECVPATHMTU = 0x3c
IPV6_RECVPKTINFO = 0x31
IPV6_RECVRTHDR = 0x38
IPV6_RECVTCLASS = 0x42
IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT = 0x16
IPV6_RTHDR = 0x39
IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS = 0x37
IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE = 0x0
IPV6_RTHDR_STRICT = 0x1
IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0 = 0x0
IPV6_RXDSTOPTS = 0x3b
IPV6_RXHOPOPTS = 0x36
IPV6_TCLASS = 0x43
IPV6_TRANSPARENT = 0x4b
IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS = 0x10
IPV6_UNICAST_IF = 0x4c
IPV6_V6ONLY = 0x1a
IPV6_XFRM_POLICY = 0x23
IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP = 0x23
IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP = 0x27
IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT = 0x18
IP_BLOCK_SOURCE = 0x26
IP_CHECKSUM = 0x17
IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP = 0x1
IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_TTL = 0x1
IP_DF = 0x4000
IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP = 0x24
IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP = 0x28
IP_FREEBIND = 0xf
IP_HDRINCL = 0x3
IP_IPSEC_POLICY = 0x10
IP_MAXPACKET = 0xffff
IP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS = 0x14
IP_MF = 0x2000
IP_MINTTL = 0x15
IP_MSFILTER = 0x29
IP_MSS = 0x240
IP_MTU = 0xe
IP_MTU_DISCOVER = 0xa
IP_MULTICAST_ALL = 0x31
IP_MULTICAST_IF = 0x20
IP_MULTICAST_LOOP = 0x22
IP_MULTICAST_TTL = 0x21
IP_NODEFRAG = 0x16
IP_OFFMASK = 0x1fff
IP_OPTIONS = 0x4
IP_ORIGDSTADDR = 0x14
IP_PASSSEC = 0x12
IP_PKTINFO = 0x8
IP_PKTOPTIONS = 0x9
IP_PMTUDISC = 0xa
IP_PMTUDISC_DO = 0x2
IP_PMTUDISC_DONT = 0x0
IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE = 0x4
IP_PMTUDISC_OMIT = 0x5
IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE = 0x3
IP_PMTUDISC_WANT = 0x1
IP_RECVERR = 0xb
IP_RECVFRAGSIZE = 0x19
IP_RECVOPTS = 0x6
IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR = 0x14
IP_RECVRETOPTS = 0x7
IP_RECVTOS = 0xd
IP_RECVTTL = 0xc
IP_RETOPTS = 0x7
IP_RF = 0x8000
IP_ROUTER_ALERT = 0x5
IP_TOS = 0x1
IP_TRANSPARENT = 0x13
IP_TTL = 0x2
IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE = 0x25
IP_UNICAST_IF = 0x32
IP_XFRM_POLICY = 0x11
ISIG = 0x1
ISOFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x9660
ISTRIP = 0x20
IUCLC = 0x200
IUTF8 = 0x4000
IXANY = 0x800
IXOFF = 0x1000
IXON = 0x400
JFFS2_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x72b6
KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY = 0x10
KEYCTL_CHOWN = 0x4
KEYCTL_CLEAR = 0x7
KEYCTL_DESCRIBE = 0x6
KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE = 0x17
KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID = 0x0
KEYCTL_GET_PERSISTENT = 0x16
KEYCTL_GET_SECURITY = 0x11
KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE = 0xc
KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE_IOV = 0x14
KEYCTL_INVALIDATE = 0x15
KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING = 0x1
KEYCTL_LINK = 0x8
KEYCTL_NEGATE = 0xd
KEYCTL_READ = 0xb
KEYCTL_REJECT = 0x13
KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING = 0x1d
KEYCTL_REVOKE = 0x3
KEYCTL_SEARCH = 0xa
KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT = 0x12
KEYCTL_SETPERM = 0x5
KEYCTL_SET_REQKEY_KEYRING = 0xe
KEYCTL_SET_TIMEOUT = 0xf
KEYCTL_UNLINK = 0x9
KEYCTL_UPDATE = 0x2
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_DEFAULT = 0x0
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_GROUP_KEYRING = 0x6
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_NO_CHANGE = -0x1
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_PROCESS_KEYRING = 0x2
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_REQUESTOR_KEYRING = 0x7
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_SESSION_KEYRING = 0x3
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_THREAD_KEYRING = 0x1
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_USER_KEYRING = 0x4
KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_USER_SESSION_KEYRING = 0x5
KEY_SPEC_GROUP_KEYRING = -0x6
KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING = -0x2
KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY = -0x7
KEY_SPEC_REQUESTOR_KEYRING = -0x8
KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING = -0x3
KEY_SPEC_THREAD_KEYRING = -0x1
KEY_SPEC_USER_KEYRING = -0x4
KEY_SPEC_USER_SESSION_KEYRING = -0x5
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF = 0x0
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON = 0x89abcdef
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT = 0xcdef0123
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC = 0x45584543
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF = 0x4321fedc
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART = 0x1234567
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2 = 0xa1b2c3d4
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_SW_SUSPEND = 0xd000fce2
LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1 = 0xfee1dead
LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2 = 0x28121969
LOCK_EX = 0x2
LOCK_NB = 0x4
LOCK_SH = 0x1
LOCK_UN = 0x8
MADV_DODUMP = 0x11
MADV_DOFORK = 0xb
MADV_DONTDUMP = 0x10
MADV_DONTFORK = 0xa
MADV_DONTNEED = 0x4
MADV_FREE = 0x8
MADV_HUGEPAGE = 0xe
MADV_HWPOISON = 0x64
MADV_KEEPONFORK = 0x13
MADV_MERGEABLE = 0xc
MADV_NOHUGEPAGE = 0xf
MADV_NORMAL = 0x0
MADV_RANDOM = 0x1
MADV_REMOVE = 0x9
MADV_SEQUENTIAL = 0x2
MADV_UNMERGEABLE = 0xd
MADV_WILLNEED = 0x3
MADV_WIPEONFORK = 0x12
MAP_32BIT = 0x40
MAP_ANON = 0x20
MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x20
MAP_DENYWRITE = 0x800
MAP_EXECUTABLE = 0x1000
MAP_FILE = 0x0
MAP_FIXED = 0x10
MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE = 0x100000
MAP_GROWSDOWN = 0x100
MAP_HUGETLB = 0x40000
MAP_HUGE_MASK = 0x3f
MAP_HUGE_SHIFT = 0x1a
MAP_LOCKED = 0x2000
MAP_NONBLOCK = 0x10000
MAP_NORESERVE = 0x4000
MAP_POPULATE = 0x8000
MAP_PRIVATE = 0x2
MAP_SHARED = 0x1
MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE = 0x3
MAP_STACK = 0x20000
MAP_SYNC = 0x80000
MAP_TYPE = 0xf
MCL_CURRENT = 0x1
MCL_FUTURE = 0x2
MCL_ONFAULT = 0x4
MFD_ALLOW_SEALING = 0x2
MFD_CLOEXEC = 0x1
MFD_HUGETLB = 0x4
MFD_HUGE_16GB = -0x78000000
MFD_HUGE_16MB = 0x60000000
MFD_HUGE_1GB = 0x78000000
MFD_HUGE_1MB = 0x50000000
MFD_HUGE_256MB = 0x70000000
MFD_HUGE_2GB = 0x7c000000
MFD_HUGE_2MB = 0x54000000
MFD_HUGE_512KB = 0x4c000000
MFD_HUGE_64KB = 0x40000000
MFD_HUGE_8MB = 0x5c000000
MFD_HUGE_MASK = 0x3f
MFD_HUGE_SHIFT = 0x1a
MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x2468
MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2 = 0x2478
MINIX3_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x4d5a
MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x137f
MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2 = 0x138f
MNT_DETACH = 0x2
MNT_EXPIRE = 0x4
MNT_FORCE = 0x1
MSDOS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x4d44
MSG_BATCH = 0x40000
MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 0x40000000
MSG_CONFIRM = 0x800
MSG_CTRUNC = 0x8
MSG_DONTROUTE = 0x4
MSG_DONTWAIT = 0x40
MSG_EOR = 0x80
MSG_ERRQUEUE = 0x2000
MSG_FASTOPEN = 0x20000000
MSG_FIN = 0x200
MSG_MORE = 0x8000
MSG_NOSIGNAL = 0x4000
MSG_OOB = 0x1
MSG_PEEK = 0x2
MSG_PROXY = 0x10
MSG_RST = 0x1000
MSG_SYN = 0x400
MSG_TRUNC = 0x20
MSG_TRYHARD = 0x4
MSG_WAITALL = 0x100
MSG_WAITFORONE = 0x10000
MSG_ZEROCOPY = 0x4000000
MS_ACTIVE = 0x40000000
MS_ASYNC = 0x1
MS_BIND = 0x1000
MS_BORN = 0x20000000
MS_DIRSYNC = 0x80
MS_INVALIDATE = 0x2
MS_I_VERSION = 0x800000
MS_KERNMOUNT = 0x400000
MS_LAZYTIME = 0x2000000
MS_MANDLOCK = 0x40
MS_MGC_MSK = 0xffff0000
MS_MGC_VAL = 0xc0ed0000
MS_MOVE = 0x2000
MS_NOATIME = 0x400
MS_NODEV = 0x4
MS_NODIRATIME = 0x800
MS_NOEXEC = 0x8
MS_NOREMOTELOCK = 0x8000000
MS_NOSEC = 0x10000000
MS_NOSUID = 0x2
MS_NOUSER = -0x80000000
MS_POSIXACL = 0x10000
MS_PRIVATE = 0x40000
MS_RDONLY = 0x1
MS_REC = 0x4000
MS_RELATIME = 0x200000
MS_REMOUNT = 0x20
MS_RMT_MASK = 0x2800051
MS_SHARED = 0x100000
MS_SILENT = 0x8000
MS_SLAVE = 0x80000
MS_STRICTATIME = 0x1000000
MS_SUBMOUNT = 0x4000000
MS_SYNC = 0x4
MS_SYNCHRONOUS = 0x10
MS_UNBINDABLE = 0x20000
MS_VERBOSE = 0x8000
MTD_INODE_FS_MAGIC = 0x11307854
NAME_MAX = 0xff
NCP_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x564c
NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP = 0x1
NETLINK_AUDIT = 0x9
NETLINK_BROADCAST_ERROR = 0x4
NETLINK_CAP_ACK = 0xa
NETLINK_CONNECTOR = 0xb
NETLINK_CRYPTO = 0x15
NETLINK_DNRTMSG = 0xe
NETLINK_DROP_MEMBERSHIP = 0x2
NETLINK_ECRYPTFS = 0x13
NETLINK_EXT_ACK = 0xb
NETLINK_FIB_LOOKUP = 0xa
NETLINK_FIREWALL = 0x3
NETLINK_GENERIC = 0x10
NETLINK_INET_DIAG = 0x4
NETLINK_IP6_FW = 0xd
NETLINK_ISCSI = 0x8
NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT = 0xf
NETLINK_LISTEN_ALL_NSID = 0x8
NETLINK_LIST_MEMBERSHIPS = 0x9
NETLINK_NETFILTER = 0xc
NETLINK_NFLOG = 0x5
NETLINK_NO_ENOBUFS = 0x5
NETLINK_PKTINFO = 0x3
NETLINK_RDMA = 0x14
NETLINK_ROUTE = 0x0
NETLINK_RX_RING = 0x6
NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT = 0x12
NETLINK_SELINUX = 0x7
NETLINK_SMC = 0x16
NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG = 0x4
NETLINK_TX_RING = 0x7
NETLINK_UNUSED = 0x1
NETLINK_USERSOCK = 0x2
NETLINK_XFRM = 0x6
NETNSA_MAX = 0x3
NETNSA_NSID_NOT_ASSIGNED = -0x1
NFNETLINK_V0 = 0x0
NFNLGRP_ACCT_QUOTA = 0x8
NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_DESTROY = 0x3
NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_DESTROY = 0x6
NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_NEW = 0x4
NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_UPDATE = 0x5
NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_NEW = 0x1
NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_UPDATE = 0x2
NFNLGRP_MAX = 0x9
NFNLGRP_NFTABLES = 0x7
NFNLGRP_NFTRACE = 0x9
NFNLGRP_NONE = 0x0
NFNL_BATCH_MAX = 0x1
NFNL_MSG_BATCH_BEGIN = 0x10
NFNL_MSG_BATCH_END = 0x11
NFNL_NFA_NEST = 0x8000
NFNL_SUBSYS_ACCT = 0x7
NFNL_SUBSYS_COUNT = 0xc
NFNL_SUBSYS_CTHELPER = 0x9
NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK = 0x1
NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK_EXP = 0x2
NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK_TIMEOUT = 0x8
NFNL_SUBSYS_IPSET = 0x6
NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES = 0xa
NFNL_SUBSYS_NFT_COMPAT = 0xb
NFNL_SUBSYS_NONE = 0x0
NFNL_SUBSYS_OSF = 0x5
NFNL_SUBSYS_QUEUE = 0x3
NFNL_SUBSYS_ULOG = 0x4
NFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x6969
NILFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x3434
NL0 = 0x0
NL1 = 0x100
NLA_ALIGNTO = 0x4
NLA_F_NESTED = 0x8000
NLA_F_NET_BYTEORDER = 0x4000
NLA_HDRLEN = 0x4
NLDLY = 0x100
NLMSG_ALIGNTO = 0x4
NLMSG_DONE = 0x3
NLMSG_ERROR = 0x2
NLMSG_HDRLEN = 0x10
NLMSG_MIN_TYPE = 0x10
NLMSG_NOOP = 0x1
NLMSG_OVERRUN = 0x4
NLM_F_ACK = 0x4
NLM_F_ACK_TLVS = 0x200
NLM_F_APPEND = 0x800
NLM_F_ATOMIC = 0x400
NLM_F_CAPPED = 0x100
NLM_F_CREATE = 0x400
NLM_F_DUMP = 0x300
NLM_F_DUMP_FILTERED = 0x20
NLM_F_DUMP_INTR = 0x10
NLM_F_ECHO = 0x8
NLM_F_EXCL = 0x200
NLM_F_MATCH = 0x200
NLM_F_MULTI = 0x2
NLM_F_NONREC = 0x100
NLM_F_REPLACE = 0x100
NLM_F_REQUEST = 0x1
NLM_F_ROOT = 0x100
NOFLSH = 0x80
NSFS_MAGIC = 0x6e736673
OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x7461636f
OCRNL = 0x8
OFDEL = 0x80
OFILL = 0x40
OLCUC = 0x2
ONLCR = 0x4
ONLRET = 0x20
ONOCR = 0x10
OPENPROM_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x9fa1
OPOST = 0x1
OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x794c7630
O_ACCMODE = 0x3
O_APPEND = 0x400
O_ASYNC = 0x2000
O_CLOEXEC = 0x80000
O_CREAT = 0x40
O_DIRECT = 0x4000
O_DIRECTORY = 0x10000
O_DSYNC = 0x1000
O_EXCL = 0x80
O_FSYNC = 0x101000
O_LARGEFILE = 0x0
O_NDELAY = 0x800
O_NOATIME = 0x40000
O_NOCTTY = 0x100
O_NOFOLLOW = 0x20000
O_NONBLOCK = 0x800
O_PATH = 0x200000
O_RDONLY = 0x0
O_RDWR = 0x2
O_RSYNC = 0x101000
O_SYNC = 0x101000
O_TMPFILE = 0x410000
O_TRUNC = 0x200
O_WRONLY = 0x1
PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP = 0x1
PACKET_AUXDATA = 0x8
PACKET_BROADCAST = 0x1
PACKET_COPY_THRESH = 0x7
PACKET_DROP_MEMBERSHIP = 0x2
PACKET_FANOUT = 0x12
PACKET_FANOUT_CBPF = 0x6
PACKET_FANOUT_CPU = 0x2
PACKET_FANOUT_DATA = 0x16
PACKET_FANOUT_EBPF = 0x7
PACKET_FANOUT_FLAG_DEFRAG = 0x8000
PACKET_FANOUT_FLAG_ROLLOVER = 0x1000
PACKET_FANOUT_FLAG_UNIQUEID = 0x2000
PACKET_FANOUT_HASH = 0x0
PACKET_FANOUT_LB = 0x1
PACKET_FANOUT_QM = 0x5
PACKET_FANOUT_RND = 0x4
PACKET_FANOUT_ROLLOVER = 0x3
PACKET_FASTROUTE = 0x6
PACKET_HDRLEN = 0xb
PACKET_HOST = 0x0
PACKET_KERNEL = 0x7
PACKET_LOOPBACK = 0x5
PACKET_LOSS = 0xe
PACKET_MR_ALLMULTI = 0x2
PACKET_MR_MULTICAST = 0x0
PACKET_MR_PROMISC = 0x1
PACKET_MR_UNICAST = 0x3
PACKET_MULTICAST = 0x2
PACKET_ORIGDEV = 0x9
PACKET_OTHERHOST = 0x3
PACKET_OUTGOING = 0x4
PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS = 0x14
PACKET_RECV_OUTPUT = 0x3
PACKET_RESERVE = 0xc
PACKET_ROLLOVER_STATS = 0x15
PACKET_RX_RING = 0x5
PACKET_STATISTICS = 0x6
PACKET_TIMESTAMP = 0x11
PACKET_TX_HAS_OFF = 0x13
PACKET_TX_RING = 0xd
PACKET_TX_TIMESTAMP = 0x10
PACKET_USER = 0x6
PACKET_VERSION = 0xa
PACKET_VNET_HDR = 0xf
PARENB = 0x100
PARITY_CRC16_PR0 = 0x2
PARITY_CRC16_PR0_CCITT = 0x4
PARITY_CRC16_PR1 = 0x3
PARITY_CRC16_PR1_CCITT = 0x5
PARITY_CRC32_PR0_CCITT = 0x6
PARITY_CRC32_PR1_CCITT = 0x7
PARITY_DEFAULT = 0x0
PARITY_NONE = 0x1
PARMRK = 0x8
PARODD = 0x200
PENDIN = 0x4000
PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE = 0x2401
PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE = 0x2400
PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID = 0x80082407
PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES = 0x4008240b
PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT = 0x40042409
PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD = 0x40082404
PERF_EVENT_IOC_QUERY_BPF = 0xc008240a
PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH = 0x2402
PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET = 0x2403
PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF = 0x40042408
PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER = 0x40082406
PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT = 0x2405
PIPEFS_MAGIC = 0x50495045
PRIO_PGRP = 0x1
PRIO_PROCESS = 0x0
PRIO_USER = 0x2
PROC_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x9fa0
PROT_EXEC = 0x4
PROT_GROWSDOWN = 0x1000000
PROT_GROWSUP = 0x2000000
PROT_NONE = 0x0
PROT_READ = 0x1
PROT_WRITE = 0x2
PR_CAPBSET_DROP = 0x18
PR_CAPBSET_READ = 0x17
PR_CAP_AMBIENT = 0x2f
PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL = 0x4
PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET = 0x1
PR_CAP_AMBIENT_LOWER = 0x3
PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE = 0x2
PR_ENDIAN_BIG = 0x0
PR_ENDIAN_LITTLE = 0x1
PR_ENDIAN_PPC_LITTLE = 0x2
PR_FPEMU_NOPRINT = 0x1
PR_FPEMU_SIGFPE = 0x2
PR_FP_EXC_ASYNC = 0x2
PR_FP_EXC_DISABLED = 0x0
PR_FP_EXC_DIV = 0x10000
PR_FP_EXC_INV = 0x100000
PR_FP_EXC_NONRECOV = 0x1
PR_FP_EXC_OVF = 0x20000
PR_FP_EXC_PRECISE = 0x3
PR_FP_EXC_RES = 0x80000
PR_FP_EXC_SW_ENABLE = 0x80
PR_FP_EXC_UND = 0x40000
PR_FP_MODE_FR = 0x1
PR_FP_MODE_FRE = 0x2
PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER = 0x25
PR_GET_DUMPABLE = 0x3
PR_GET_ENDIAN = 0x13
PR_GET_FPEMU = 0x9
PR_GET_FPEXC = 0xb
PR_GET_FP_MODE = 0x2e
PR_GET_KEEPCAPS = 0x7
PR_GET_NAME = 0x10
PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS = 0x27
PR_GET_PDEATHSIG = 0x2
PR_GET_SECCOMP = 0x15
PR_GET_SECUREBITS = 0x1b
PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL = 0x34
PR_GET_THP_DISABLE = 0x2a
PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS = 0x28
PR_GET_TIMERSLACK = 0x1e
PR_GET_TIMING = 0xd
PR_GET_TSC = 0x19
PR_GET_UNALIGN = 0x5
PR_MCE_KILL = 0x21
PR_MCE_KILL_CLEAR = 0x0
PR_MCE_KILL_DEFAULT = 0x2
PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY = 0x1
PR_MCE_KILL_GET = 0x22
PR_MCE_KILL_LATE = 0x0
PR_MCE_KILL_SET = 0x1
PR_MPX_DISABLE_MANAGEMENT = 0x2c
PR_MPX_ENABLE_MANAGEMENT = 0x2b
PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER = 0x24
PR_SET_DUMPABLE = 0x4
PR_SET_ENDIAN = 0x14
PR_SET_FPEMU = 0xa
PR_SET_FPEXC = 0xc
PR_SET_FP_MODE = 0x2d
PR_SET_KEEPCAPS = 0x8
PR_SET_MM = 0x23
PR_SET_MM_ARG_END = 0x9
PR_SET_MM_ARG_START = 0x8
PR_SET_MM_AUXV = 0xc
PR_SET_MM_BRK = 0x7
PR_SET_MM_END_CODE = 0x2
PR_SET_MM_END_DATA = 0x4
PR_SET_MM_ENV_END = 0xb
PR_SET_MM_ENV_START = 0xa
PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE = 0xd
PR_SET_MM_MAP = 0xe
PR_SET_MM_MAP_SIZE = 0xf
PR_SET_MM_START_BRK = 0x6
PR_SET_MM_START_CODE = 0x1
PR_SET_MM_START_DATA = 0x3
PR_SET_MM_START_STACK = 0x5
PR_SET_NAME = 0xf
PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS = 0x26
PR_SET_PDEATHSIG = 0x1
PR_SET_PTRACER = 0x59616d61
PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY = 0xffffffffffffffff
PR_SET_SECCOMP = 0x16
PR_SET_SECUREBITS = 0x1c
PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL = 0x35
PR_SET_THP_DISABLE = 0x29
PR_SET_TIMERSLACK = 0x1d
PR_SET_TIMING = 0xe
PR_SET_TSC = 0x1a
PR_SET_UNALIGN = 0x6
PR_SPEC_DISABLE = 0x4
PR_SPEC_ENABLE = 0x2
PR_SPEC_FORCE_DISABLE = 0x8
PR_SPEC_NOT_AFFECTED = 0x0
PR_SPEC_PRCTL = 0x1
PR_SPEC_STORE_BYPASS = 0x0
PR_SVE_GET_VL = 0x33
PR_SVE_SET_VL = 0x32
PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC = 0x40000
PR_SVE_VL_INHERIT = 0x20000
PR_SVE_VL_LEN_MASK = 0xffff
PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE = 0x1f
PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE = 0x20
PR_TIMING_STATISTICAL = 0x0
PR_TIMING_TIMESTAMP = 0x1
PR_TSC_ENABLE = 0x1
PR_TSC_SIGSEGV = 0x2
PR_UNALIGN_NOPRINT = 0x1
PR_UNALIGN_SIGBUS = 0x2
PSTOREFS_MAGIC = 0x6165676c
PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL = 0x1e
PTRACE_ATTACH = 0x10
PTRACE_CONT = 0x7
PTRACE_DETACH = 0x11
PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE = 0x3
PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC = 0x4
PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT = 0x6
PTRACE_EVENT_FORK = 0x1
PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP = 0x7
PTRACE_EVENT_STOP = 0x80
PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK = 0x2
PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE = 0x5
PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG = 0x4201
PTRACE_GETFPREGS = 0xe
PTRACE_GETFPXREGS = 0x12
PTRACE_GETREGS = 0xc
PTRACE_GETREGSET = 0x4204
PTRACE_GETSIGINFO = 0x4202
PTRACE_GETSIGMASK = 0x420a
PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA = 0x19
PTRACE_INTERRUPT = 0x4207
PTRACE_KILL = 0x8
PTRACE_LISTEN = 0x4208
PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS = 0x15
PTRACE_O_EXITKILL = 0x100000
PTRACE_O_MASK = 0x3000ff
PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP = 0x200000
PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE = 0x8
PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC = 0x10
PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT = 0x40
PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK = 0x2
PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP = 0x80
PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD = 0x1
PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK = 0x4
PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE = 0x20
PTRACE_PEEKDATA = 0x2
PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO = 0x4209
PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED = 0x1
PTRACE_PEEKTEXT = 0x1
PTRACE_PEEKUSR = 0x3
PTRACE_POKEDATA = 0x5
PTRACE_POKETEXT = 0x4
PTRACE_POKEUSR = 0x6
PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER = 0x420c
PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_METADATA = 0x420d
PTRACE_SEIZE = 0x4206
PTRACE_SETFPREGS = 0xf
PTRACE_SETFPXREGS = 0x13
PTRACE_SETOPTIONS = 0x4200
PTRACE_SETREGS = 0xd
PTRACE_SETREGSET = 0x4205
PTRACE_SETSIGINFO = 0x4203
PTRACE_SETSIGMASK = 0x420b
PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA = 0x1a
PTRACE_SINGLEBLOCK = 0x21
PTRACE_SINGLESTEP = 0x9
PTRACE_SYSCALL = 0x18
PTRACE_SYSEMU = 0x1f
PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP = 0x20
PTRACE_TRACEME = 0x0
QNX4_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x2f
QNX6_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x68191122
RAMFS_MAGIC = 0x858458f6
RDTGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x7655821
REISERFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x52654973
RENAME_EXCHANGE = 0x2
RENAME_NOREPLACE = 0x1
RENAME_WHITEOUT = 0x4
RLIMIT_AS = 0x9
RLIMIT_CORE = 0x4
RLIMIT_CPU = 0x0
RLIMIT_DATA = 0x2
RLIMIT_FSIZE = 0x1
RLIMIT_LOCKS = 0xa
RLIMIT_MEMLOCK = 0x8
RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE = 0xc
RLIMIT_NICE = 0xd
RLIMIT_NOFILE = 0x7
RLIMIT_NPROC = 0x6
RLIMIT_RSS = 0x5
RLIMIT_RTPRIO = 0xe
RLIMIT_RTTIME = 0xf
RLIMIT_SIGPENDING = 0xb
RLIMIT_STACK = 0x3
RLIM_INFINITY = 0xffffffffffffffff
RTAX_ADVMSS = 0x8
RTAX_CC_ALGO = 0x10
RTAX_CWND = 0x7
RTAX_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE = 0x11
RTAX_FEATURES = 0xc
RTAX_FEATURE_ALLFRAG = 0x8
RTAX_FEATURE_ECN = 0x1
RTAX_FEATURE_MASK = 0xf
RTAX_FEATURE_SACK = 0x2
RTAX_FEATURE_TIMESTAMP = 0x4
RTAX_HOPLIMIT = 0xa
RTAX_INITCWND = 0xb
RTAX_INITRWND = 0xe
RTAX_LOCK = 0x1
RTAX_MAX = 0x11
RTAX_MTU = 0x2
RTAX_QUICKACK = 0xf
RTAX_REORDERING = 0x9
RTAX_RTO_MIN = 0xd
RTAX_RTT = 0x4
RTAX_RTTVAR = 0x5
RTAX_SSTHRESH = 0x6
RTAX_UNSPEC = 0x0
RTAX_WINDOW = 0x3
RTA_ALIGNTO = 0x4
RTA_MAX = 0x1d
RTCF_DIRECTSRC = 0x4000000
RTCF_DOREDIRECT = 0x1000000
RTCF_LOG = 0x2000000
RTCF_MASQ = 0x400000
RTCF_NAT = 0x800000
RTCF_VALVE = 0x200000
RTC_AF = 0x20
RTC_AIE_OFF = 0x7002
RTC_AIE_ON = 0x7001
RTC_ALM_READ = 0x80247008
RTC_ALM_SET = 0x40247007
RTC_EPOCH_READ = 0x8008700d
RTC_EPOCH_SET = 0x4008700e
RTC_IRQF = 0x80
RTC_IRQP_READ = 0x8008700b
RTC_IRQP_SET = 0x4008700c
RTC_MAX_FREQ = 0x2000
RTC_PF = 0x40
RTC_PIE_OFF = 0x7006
RTC_PIE_ON = 0x7005
RTC_PLL_GET = 0x80207011
RTC_PLL_SET = 0x40207012
RTC_RD_TIME = 0x80247009
RTC_SET_TIME = 0x4024700a
RTC_UF = 0x10
RTC_UIE_OFF = 0x7004
RTC_UIE_ON = 0x7003
RTC_VL_CLR = 0x7014
RTC_VL_READ = 0x80047013
RTC_WIE_OFF = 0x7010
RTC_WIE_ON = 0x700f
RTC_WKALM_RD = 0x80287010
RTC_WKALM_SET = 0x4028700f
RTF_ADDRCLASSMASK = 0xf8000000
RTF_ADDRCONF = 0x40000
RTF_ALLONLINK = 0x20000
RTF_BROADCAST = 0x10000000
RTF_CACHE = 0x1000000
RTF_DEFAULT = 0x10000
RTF_DYNAMIC = 0x10
RTF_FLOW = 0x2000000
RTF_GATEWAY = 0x2
RTF_HOST = 0x4
RTF_INTERFACE = 0x40000000
RTF_IRTT = 0x100
RTF_LINKRT = 0x100000
RTF_LOCAL = 0x80000000
RTF_MODIFIED = 0x20
RTF_MSS = 0x40
RTF_MTU = 0x40
RTF_MULTICAST = 0x20000000
RTF_NAT = 0x8000000
RTF_NOFORWARD = 0x1000
RTF_NONEXTHOP = 0x200000
RTF_NOPMTUDISC = 0x4000
RTF_POLICY = 0x4000000
RTF_REINSTATE = 0x8
RTF_REJECT = 0x200
RTF_STATIC = 0x400
RTF_THROW = 0x2000
RTF_UP = 0x1
RTF_WINDOW = 0x80
RTF_XRESOLVE = 0x800
RTM_BASE = 0x10
RTM_DELACTION = 0x31
RTM_DELADDR = 0x15
RTM_DELADDRLABEL = 0x49
RTM_DELLINK = 0x11
RTM_DELMDB = 0x55
RTM_DELNEIGH = 0x1d
RTM_DELNETCONF = 0x51
RTM_DELNSID = 0x59
RTM_DELQDISC = 0x25
RTM_DELROUTE = 0x19
RTM_DELRULE = 0x21
RTM_DELTCLASS = 0x29
RTM_DELTFILTER = 0x2d
RTM_F_CLONED = 0x200
RTM_F_EQUALIZE = 0x400
RTM_F_FIB_MATCH = 0x2000
RTM_F_LOOKUP_TABLE = 0x1000
RTM_F_NOTIFY = 0x100
RTM_F_PREFIX = 0x800
RTM_GETACTION = 0x32
RTM_GETADDR = 0x16
RTM_GETADDRLABEL = 0x4a
RTM_GETANYCAST = 0x3e
RTM_GETDCB = 0x4e
RTM_GETLINK = 0x12
RTM_GETMDB = 0x56
RTM_GETMULTICAST = 0x3a
RTM_GETNEIGH = 0x1e
RTM_GETNEIGHTBL = 0x42
RTM_GETNETCONF = 0x52
RTM_GETNSID = 0x5a
RTM_GETQDISC = 0x26
RTM_GETROUTE = 0x1a
RTM_GETRULE = 0x22
RTM_GETSTATS = 0x5e
RTM_GETTCLASS = 0x2a
RTM_GETTFILTER = 0x2e
RTM_MAX = 0x63
RTM_NEWACTION = 0x30
RTM_NEWADDR = 0x14
RTM_NEWADDRLABEL = 0x48
RTM_NEWCACHEREPORT = 0x60
RTM_NEWLINK = 0x10
RTM_NEWMDB = 0x54
RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT = 0x44
RTM_NEWNEIGH = 0x1c
RTM_NEWNEIGHTBL = 0x40
RTM_NEWNETCONF = 0x50
RTM_NEWNSID = 0x58
RTM_NEWPREFIX = 0x34
RTM_NEWQDISC = 0x24
RTM_NEWROUTE = 0x18
RTM_NEWRULE = 0x20
RTM_NEWSTATS = 0x5c
RTM_NEWTCLASS = 0x28
RTM_NEWTFILTER = 0x2c
RTM_NR_FAMILIES = 0x15
RTM_NR_MSGTYPES = 0x54
RTM_SETDCB = 0x4f
RTM_SETLINK = 0x13
RTM_SETNEIGHTBL = 0x43
RTNH_ALIGNTO = 0x4
RTNH_COMPARE_MASK = 0x19
RTNH_F_DEAD = 0x1
RTNH_F_LINKDOWN = 0x10
RTNH_F_OFFLOAD = 0x8
RTNH_F_ONLINK = 0x4
RTNH_F_PERVASIVE = 0x2
RTNH_F_UNRESOLVED = 0x20
RTN_MAX = 0xb
RTPROT_BABEL = 0x2a
RTPROT_BGP = 0xba
RTPROT_BIRD = 0xc
RTPROT_BOOT = 0x3
RTPROT_DHCP = 0x10
RTPROT_DNROUTED = 0xd
RTPROT_EIGRP = 0xc0
RTPROT_GATED = 0x8
RTPROT_ISIS = 0xbb
RTPROT_KERNEL = 0x2
RTPROT_MROUTED = 0x11
RTPROT_MRT = 0xa
RTPROT_NTK = 0xf
RTPROT_OSPF = 0xbc
RTPROT_RA = 0x9
RTPROT_REDIRECT = 0x1
RTPROT_RIP = 0xbd
RTPROT_STATIC = 0x4
RTPROT_UNSPEC = 0x0
RTPROT_XORP = 0xe
RTPROT_ZEBRA = 0xb
RT_CLASS_DEFAULT = 0xfd
RT_CLASS_LOCAL = 0xff
RT_CLASS_MAIN = 0xfe
RT_CLASS_MAX = 0xff
RT_CLASS_UNSPEC = 0x0
RUSAGE_CHILDREN = -0x1
RUSAGE_SELF = 0x0
RUSAGE_THREAD = 0x1
SCM_CREDENTIALS = 0x2
SCM_RIGHTS = 0x1
SCM_TIMESTAMP = 0x1d
SCM_TIMESTAMPING = 0x25
SCM_TIMESTAMPING_OPT_STATS = 0x36
SCM_TIMESTAMPING_PKTINFO = 0x3a
SCM_TIMESTAMPNS = 0x23
SCM_WIFI_STATUS = 0x29
SECCOMP_MODE_DISABLED = 0x0
SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER = 0x2
SECCOMP_MODE_STRICT = 0x1
SECURITYFS_MAGIC = 0x73636673
SELINUX_MAGIC = 0xf97cff8c
SHUT_RD = 0x0
SHUT_RDWR = 0x2
SHUT_WR = 0x1
SIOCADDDLCI = 0x8980
SIOCADDMULTI = 0x8931
SIOCADDRT = 0x890b
SIOCATMARK = 0x8905
SIOCBONDCHANGEACTIVE = 0x8995
SIOCBONDENSLAVE = 0x8990
SIOCBONDINFOQUERY = 0x8994
SIOCBONDRELEASE = 0x8991
SIOCBONDSETHWADDR = 0x8992
SIOCBONDSLAVEINFOQUERY = 0x8993
SIOCBRADDBR = 0x89a0
SIOCBRADDIF = 0x89a2
SIOCBRDELBR = 0x89a1
SIOCBRDELIF = 0x89a3
SIOCDARP = 0x8953
SIOCDELDLCI = 0x8981
SIOCDELMULTI = 0x8932
SIOCDELRT = 0x890c
SIOCDEVPRIVATE = 0x89f0
SIOCDIFADDR = 0x8936
SIOCDRARP = 0x8960
SIOCETHTOOL = 0x8946
SIOCGARP = 0x8954
SIOCGHWTSTAMP = 0x89b1
SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915
SIOCGIFBR = 0x8940
SIOCGIFBRDADDR = 0x8919
SIOCGIFCONF = 0x8912
SIOCGIFCOUNT = 0x8938
SIOCGIFDSTADDR = 0x8917
SIOCGIFENCAP = 0x8925
SIOCGIFFLAGS = 0x8913
SIOCGIFHWADDR = 0x8927
SIOCGIFINDEX = 0x8933
SIOCGIFMAP = 0x8970
SIOCGIFMEM = 0x891f
SIOCGIFMETRIC = 0x891d
SIOCGIFMTU = 0x8921
SIOCGIFNAME = 0x8910
SIOCGIFNETMASK = 0x891b
SIOCGIFPFLAGS = 0x8935
SIOCGIFSLAVE = 0x8929
SIOCGIFTXQLEN = 0x8942
SIOCGIFVLAN = 0x8982
SIOCGMIIPHY = 0x8947
SIOCGMIIREG = 0x8948
SIOCGPGRP = 0x8904
SIOCGRARP = 0x8961
SIOCGSKNS = 0x894c
SIOCGSTAMP = 0x8906
SIOCGSTAMPNS = 0x8907
SIOCINQ = 0x541b
SIOCOUTQ = 0x5411
SIOCOUTQNSD = 0x894b
SIOCPROTOPRIVATE = 0x89e0
SIOCRTMSG = 0x890d
SIOCSARP = 0x8955
SIOCSHWTSTAMP = 0x89b0
SIOCSIFADDR = 0x8916
SIOCSIFBR = 0x8941
SIOCSIFBRDADDR = 0x891a
SIOCSIFDSTADDR = 0x8918
SIOCSIFENCAP = 0x8926
SIOCSIFFLAGS = 0x8914
SIOCSIFHWADDR = 0x8924
SIOCSIFHWBROADCAST = 0x8937
SIOCSIFLINK = 0x8911
SIOCSIFMAP = 0x8971
SIOCSIFMEM = 0x8920
SIOCSIFMETRIC = 0x891e
SIOCSIFMTU = 0x8922
SIOCSIFNAME = 0x8923
SIOCSIFNETMASK = 0x891c
SIOCSIFPFLAGS = 0x8934
SIOCSIFSLAVE = 0x8930
SIOCSIFTXQLEN = 0x8943
SIOCSIFVLAN = 0x8983
SIOCSMIIREG = 0x8949
SIOCSPGRP = 0x8902
SIOCSRARP = 0x8962
SIOCWANDEV = 0x894a
SMACK_MAGIC = 0x43415d53
SMART_AUTOSAVE = 0xd2
SMART_AUTO_OFFLINE = 0xdb
SMART_DISABLE = 0xd9
SMART_ENABLE = 0xd8
SMART_HCYL_PASS = 0xc2
SMART_IMMEDIATE_OFFLINE = 0xd4
SMART_LCYL_PASS = 0x4f
SMART_READ_LOG_SECTOR = 0xd5
SMART_READ_THRESHOLDS = 0xd1
SMART_READ_VALUES = 0xd0
SMART_SAVE = 0xd3
SMART_STATUS = 0xda
SMART_WRITE_LOG_SECTOR = 0xd6
SMART_WRITE_THRESHOLDS = 0xd7
SMB_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x517b
SOCKFS_MAGIC = 0x534f434b
SOCK_CLOEXEC = 0x80000
SOCK_DCCP = 0x6
SOCK_DGRAM = 0x2
SOCK_IOC_TYPE = 0x89
SOCK_NONBLOCK = 0x800
SOCK_PACKET = 0xa
SOCK_RAW = 0x3
SOCK_RDM = 0x4
SOCK_SEQPACKET = 0x5
SOCK_STREAM = 0x1
SOL_AAL = 0x109
SOL_ALG = 0x117
SOL_ATM = 0x108
SOL_CAIF = 0x116
SOL_CAN_BASE = 0x64
SOL_DCCP = 0x10d
SOL_DECNET = 0x105
SOL_ICMPV6 = 0x3a
SOL_IP = 0x0
SOL_IPV6 = 0x29
SOL_IRDA = 0x10a
SOL_IUCV = 0x115
SOL_KCM = 0x119
SOL_LLC = 0x10c
SOL_NETBEUI = 0x10b
SOL_NETLINK = 0x10e
SOL_NFC = 0x118
SOL_PACKET = 0x107
SOL_PNPIPE = 0x113
SOL_PPPOL2TP = 0x111
SOL_RAW = 0xff
SOL_RDS = 0x114
SOL_RXRPC = 0x110
SOL_SOCKET = 0x1
SOL_TCP = 0x6
SOL_TIPC = 0x10f
SOL_TLS = 0x11a
SOL_X25 = 0x106
SOL_XDP = 0x11b
SOMAXCONN = 0x80
SO_ACCEPTCONN = 0x1e
SO_ATTACH_BPF = 0x32
SO_ATTACH_FILTER = 0x1a
SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_CBPF = 0x33
SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF = 0x34
SO_BINDTODEVICE = 0x19
SO_BPF_EXTENSIONS = 0x30
SO_BROADCAST = 0x6
SO_BSDCOMPAT = 0xe
SO_BUSY_POLL = 0x2e
SO_CNX_ADVICE = 0x35
SO_COOKIE = 0x39
SO_DEBUG = 0x1
SO_DETACH_BPF = 0x1b
SO_DETACH_FILTER = 0x1b
SO_DOMAIN = 0x27
SO_DONTROUTE = 0x5
SO_ERROR = 0x4
SO_GET_FILTER = 0x1a
SO_INCOMING_CPU = 0x31
SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID = 0x38
SO_KEEPALIVE = 0x9
SO_LINGER = 0xd
SO_LOCK_FILTER = 0x2c
SO_MARK = 0x24
SO_MAX_PACING_RATE = 0x2f
SO_MEMINFO = 0x37
SO_NOFCS = 0x2b
SO_NO_CHECK = 0xb
SO_OOBINLINE = 0xa
SO_PASSCRED = 0x10
SO_PASSSEC = 0x22
SO_PEEK_OFF = 0x2a
SO_PEERCRED = 0x11
SO_PEERGROUPS = 0x3b
SO_PEERNAME = 0x1c
SO_PEERSEC = 0x1f
SO_PRIORITY = 0xc
SO_PROTOCOL = 0x26
SO_RCVBUF = 0x8
SO_RCVBUFFORCE = 0x21
SO_RCVLOWAT = 0x12
SO_RCVTIMEO = 0x14
SO_REUSEADDR = 0x2
SO_REUSEPORT = 0xf
SO_RXQ_OVFL = 0x28
SO_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION = 0x16
SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_NETWORK = 0x18
SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_TRANSPORT = 0x17
SO_SELECT_ERR_QUEUE = 0x2d
SO_SNDBUF = 0x7
SO_SNDBUFFORCE = 0x20
SO_SNDLOWAT = 0x13
SO_SNDTIMEO = 0x15
SO_TIMESTAMP = 0x1d
SO_TIMESTAMPING = 0x25
SO_TIMESTAMPNS = 0x23
SO_TYPE = 0x3
SO_VM_SOCKETS_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE = 0x2
SO_VM_SOCKETS_BUFFER_MIN_SIZE = 0x1
SO_VM_SOCKETS_BUFFER_SIZE = 0x0
SO_VM_SOCKETS_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 0x6
SO_VM_SOCKETS_NONBLOCK_TXRX = 0x7
SO_VM_SOCKETS_PEER_HOST_VM_ID = 0x3
SO_VM_SOCKETS_TRUSTED = 0x5
SO_WIFI_STATUS = 0x29
SO_ZEROCOPY = 0x3c
SPLICE_F_GIFT = 0x8
SPLICE_F_MORE = 0x4
SPLICE_F_MOVE = 0x1
SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK = 0x2
SQUASHFS_MAGIC = 0x73717368
STACK_END_MAGIC = 0x57ac6e9d
STATX_ALL = 0xfff
STATX_ATIME = 0x20
STATX_ATTR_APPEND = 0x20
STATX_ATTR_AUTOMOUNT = 0x1000
STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED = 0x4
STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED = 0x800
STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE = 0x10
STATX_ATTR_NODUMP = 0x40
STATX_BASIC_STATS = 0x7ff
STATX_BLOCKS = 0x400
STATX_BTIME = 0x800
STATX_CTIME = 0x80
STATX_GID = 0x10
STATX_INO = 0x100
STATX_MODE = 0x2
STATX_MTIME = 0x40
STATX_NLINK = 0x4
STATX_SIZE = 0x200
STATX_TYPE = 0x1
STATX_UID = 0x8
STATX__RESERVED = 0x80000000
SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER = 0x4
SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE = 0x1
SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE = 0x2
SYSFS_MAGIC = 0x62656572
S_BLKSIZE = 0x200
S_IEXEC = 0x40
S_IFBLK = 0x6000
S_IFCHR = 0x2000
S_IFDIR = 0x4000
S_IFIFO = 0x1000
S_IFLNK = 0xa000
S_IFMT = 0xf000
S_IFREG = 0x8000
S_IFSOCK = 0xc000
S_IREAD = 0x100
S_IRGRP = 0x20
S_IROTH = 0x4
S_IRUSR = 0x100
S_IRWXG = 0x38
S_IRWXO = 0x7
S_IRWXU = 0x1c0
S_ISGID = 0x400
S_ISUID = 0x800
S_ISVTX = 0x200
S_IWGRP = 0x10
S_IWOTH = 0x2
S_IWRITE = 0x80
S_IWUSR = 0x80
S_IXGRP = 0x8
S_IXOTH = 0x1
S_IXUSR = 0x40
TAB0 = 0x0
TAB1 = 0x800
TAB2 = 0x1000
TAB3 = 0x1800
TABDLY = 0x1800
TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX = 0x4
TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX = 0x2
TASKSTATS_GENL_NAME = "TASKSTATS"
TASKSTATS_GENL_VERSION = 0x1
TASKSTATS_TYPE_MAX = 0x6
TASKSTATS_VERSION = 0x8
TCFLSH = 0x540b
TCGETA = 0x5405
TCGETS = 0x5401
TCGETS2 = 0x802c542a
TCGETX = 0x5432
TCIFLUSH = 0x0
TCIOFF = 0x2
TCIOFLUSH = 0x2
TCION = 0x3
TCOFLUSH = 0x1
TCOOFF = 0x0
TCOON = 0x1
TCP_CC_INFO = 0x1a
TCP_CONGESTION = 0xd
TCP_COOKIE_IN_ALWAYS = 0x1
TCP_COOKIE_MAX = 0x10
TCP_COOKIE_MIN = 0x8
TCP_COOKIE_OUT_NEVER = 0x2
TCP_COOKIE_PAIR_SIZE = 0x20
TCP_COOKIE_TRANSACTIONS = 0xf
TCP_CORK = 0x3
TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT = 0x9
TCP_FASTOPEN = 0x17
TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT = 0x1e
TCP_FASTOPEN_KEY = 0x21
TCP_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE = 0x22
TCP_INFO = 0xb
TCP_KEEPCNT = 0x6
TCP_KEEPIDLE = 0x4
TCP_KEEPINTVL = 0x5
TCP_LINGER2 = 0x8
TCP_MAXSEG = 0x2
TCP_MAXWIN = 0xffff
TCP_MAX_WINSHIFT = 0xe
TCP_MD5SIG = 0xe
TCP_MD5SIG_EXT = 0x20
TCP_MD5SIG_FLAG_PREFIX = 0x1
TCP_MD5SIG_MAXKEYLEN = 0x50
TCP_MSS = 0x200
TCP_MSS_DEFAULT = 0x218
TCP_MSS_DESIRED = 0x4c4
TCP_NODELAY = 0x1
TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT = 0x19
TCP_QUEUE_SEQ = 0x15
TCP_QUICKACK = 0xc
TCP_REPAIR = 0x13
TCP_REPAIR_OPTIONS = 0x16
TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE = 0x14
TCP_REPAIR_WINDOW = 0x1d
TCP_SAVED_SYN = 0x1c
TCP_SAVE_SYN = 0x1b
TCP_SYNCNT = 0x7
TCP_S_DATA_IN = 0x4
TCP_S_DATA_OUT = 0x8
TCP_THIN_DUPACK = 0x11
TCP_THIN_LINEAR_TIMEOUTS = 0x10
TCP_TIMESTAMP = 0x18
TCP_ULP = 0x1f
TCP_USER_TIMEOUT = 0x12
TCP_WINDOW_CLAMP = 0xa
TCSAFLUSH = 0x2
TCSBRK = 0x5409
TCSBRKP = 0x5425
TCSETA = 0x5406
TCSETAF = 0x5408
TCSETAW = 0x5407
TCSETS = 0x5402
TCSETS2 = 0x402c542b
TCSETSF = 0x5404
TCSETSF2 = 0x402c542d
TCSETSW = 0x5403
TCSETSW2 = 0x402c542c
TCSETX = 0x5433
TCSETXF = 0x5434
TCSETXW = 0x5435
TCXONC = 0x540a
TIOCCBRK = 0x5428
TIOCCONS = 0x541d
TIOCEXCL = 0x540c
TIOCGDEV = 0x80045432
TIOCGETD = 0x5424
TIOCGEXCL = 0x80045440
TIOCGICOUNT = 0x545d
TIOCGLCKTRMIOS = 0x5456
TIOCGPGRP = 0x540f
TIOCGPKT = 0x80045438
TIOCGPTLCK = 0x80045439
TIOCGPTN = 0x80045430
TIOCGPTPEER = 0x5441
TIOCGRS485 = 0x542e
TIOCGSERIAL = 0x541e
TIOCGSID = 0x5429
TIOCGSOFTCAR = 0x5419
TIOCGWINSZ = 0x5413
TIOCINQ = 0x541b
TIOCLINUX = 0x541c
TIOCMBIC = 0x5417
TIOCMBIS = 0x5416
TIOCMGET = 0x5415
TIOCMIWAIT = 0x545c
TIOCMSET = 0x5418
TIOCM_CAR = 0x40
TIOCM_CD = 0x40
TIOCM_CTS = 0x20
TIOCM_DSR = 0x100
TIOCM_DTR = 0x2
TIOCM_LE = 0x1
TIOCM_RI = 0x80
TIOCM_RNG = 0x80
TIOCM_RTS = 0x4
TIOCM_SR = 0x10
TIOCM_ST = 0x8
TIOCNOTTY = 0x5422
TIOCNXCL = 0x540d
TIOCOUTQ = 0x5411
TIOCPKT = 0x5420
TIOCPKT_DATA = 0x0
TIOCPKT_DOSTOP = 0x20
TIOCPKT_FLUSHREAD = 0x1
TIOCPKT_FLUSHWRITE = 0x2
TIOCPKT_IOCTL = 0x40
TIOCPKT_NOSTOP = 0x10
TIOCPKT_START = 0x8
TIOCPKT_STOP = 0x4
TIOCSBRK = 0x5427
TIOCSCTTY = 0x540e
TIOCSERCONFIG = 0x5453
TIOCSERGETLSR = 0x5459
TIOCSERGETMULTI = 0x545a
TIOCSERGSTRUCT = 0x5458
TIOCSERGWILD = 0x5454
TIOCSERSETMULTI = 0x545b
TIOCSERSWILD = 0x5455
TIOCSER_TEMT = 0x1
TIOCSETD = 0x5423
TIOCSIG = 0x40045436
TIOCSLCKTRMIOS = 0x5457
TIOCSPGRP = 0x5410
TIOCSPTLCK = 0x40045431
TIOCSRS485 = 0x542f
TIOCSSERIAL = 0x541f
TIOCSSOFTCAR = 0x541a
TIOCSTI = 0x5412
TIOCSWINSZ = 0x5414
TIOCVHANGUP = 0x5437
TMPFS_MAGIC = 0x1021994
TOSTOP = 0x100
TPACKET_ALIGNMENT = 0x10
TPACKET_HDRLEN = 0x34
TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE = 0x0
TP_STATUS_BLK_TMO = 0x20
TP_STATUS_COPY = 0x2
TP_STATUS_CSUMNOTREADY = 0x8
TP_STATUS_CSUM_VALID = 0x80
TP_STATUS_KERNEL = 0x0
TP_STATUS_LOSING = 0x4
TP_STATUS_SENDING = 0x2
TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST = 0x1
TP_STATUS_TS_RAW_HARDWARE = -0x80000000
TP_STATUS_TS_SOFTWARE = 0x20000000
TP_STATUS_TS_SYS_HARDWARE = 0x40000000
TP_STATUS_USER = 0x1
TP_STATUS_VLAN_TPID_VALID = 0x40
TP_STATUS_VLAN_VALID = 0x10
TP_STATUS_WRONG_FORMAT = 0x4
TRACEFS_MAGIC = 0x74726163
TS_COMM_LEN = 0x20
TUNATTACHFILTER = 0x401054d5
TUNDETACHFILTER = 0x401054d6
TUNGETFEATURES = 0x800454cf
TUNGETFILTER = 0x801054db
TUNGETIFF = 0x800454d2
TUNGETSNDBUF = 0x800454d3
TUNGETVNETBE = 0x800454df
TUNGETVNETHDRSZ = 0x800454d7
TUNGETVNETLE = 0x800454dd
TUNSETDEBUG = 0x400454c9
TUNSETFILTEREBPF = 0x800454e1
TUNSETGROUP = 0x400454ce
TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
TUNSETIFINDEX = 0x400454da
TUNSETLINK = 0x400454cd
TUNSETNOCSUM = 0x400454c8
TUNSETOFFLOAD = 0x400454d0
TUNSETOWNER = 0x400454cc
TUNSETPERSIST = 0x400454cb
TUNSETQUEUE = 0x400454d9
TUNSETSNDBUF = 0x400454d4
TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF = 0x800454e0
TUNSETTXFILTER = 0x400454d1
TUNSETVNETBE = 0x400454de
TUNSETVNETHDRSZ = 0x400454d8
TUNSETVNETLE = 0x400454dc
UBI_IOCATT = 0x40186f40
UBI_IOCDET = 0x40046f41
UBI_IOCEBCH = 0x40044f02
UBI_IOCEBER = 0x40044f01
UBI_IOCEBISMAP = 0x80044f05
UBI_IOCEBMAP = 0x40084f03
UBI_IOCEBUNMAP = 0x40044f04
UBI_IOCMKVOL = 0x40986f00
UBI_IOCRMVOL = 0x40046f01
UBI_IOCRNVOL = 0x51106f03
UBI_IOCRSVOL = 0x400c6f02
UBI_IOCSETVOLPROP = 0x40104f06
UBI_IOCVOLCRBLK = 0x40804f07
UBI_IOCVOLRMBLK = 0x4f08
UBI_IOCVOLUP = 0x40084f00
UDF_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x15013346
UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW = 0x8
USBDEVICE_SUPER_MAGIC = 0x9fa2
UTIME_NOW = 0x3fffffff
UTIME_OMIT = 0x3ffffffe
V9FS_MAGIC = 0x1021997
VDISCARD = 0xd
VEOF = 0x4
VEOL = 0xb
VEOL2 = 0x10
VERASE = 0x2
VINTR = 0x0
VKILL = 0x3
VLNEXT = 0xf
VMADDR_CID_ANY = 0xffffffff
VMADDR_CID_HOST = 0x2
VMADDR_CID_HYPERVISOR = 0x0
VMADDR_CID_RESERVED = 0x1
VMADDR_PORT_ANY = 0xffffffff
VMIN = 0x6
VM_SOCKETS_INVALID_VERSION = 0xffffffff
VQUIT = 0x1
VREPRINT = 0xc
VSTART = 0x8
VSTOP = 0x9
VSUSP = 0xa
VSWTC = 0x7
VT0 = 0x0
VT1 = 0x4000
VTDLY = 0x4000
VTIME = 0x5
VWERASE = 0xe
WALL = 0x40000000
WCLONE = 0x80000000
WCONTINUED = 0x8
WDIOC_GETBOOTSTATUS = 0x80045702
WDIOC_GETPRETIMEOUT = 0x80045709
WDIOC_GETSTATUS = 0x80045701
WDIOC_GETSUPPORT = 0x80285700
WDIOC_GETTEMP = 0x80045703
WDIOC_GETTIMELEFT = 0x8004570a
WDIOC_GETTIMEOUT = 0x80045707
WDIOC_KEEPALIVE = 0x80045705
WDIOC_SETOPTIONS = 0x80045704
WDIOC_SETPRETIMEOUT = 0xc0045708
WDIOC_SETTIMEOUT = 0xc0045706
WEXITED = 0x4
WIN_ACKMEDIACHANGE = 0xdb
WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1 = 0xe5
WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2 = 0x98
WIN_DEVICE_RESET = 0x8
WIN_DIAGNOSE = 0x90
WIN_DOORLOCK = 0xde
WIN_DOORUNLOCK = 0xdf
WIN_DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE = 0x92
WIN_FLUSH_CACHE = 0xe7
WIN_FLUSH_CACHE_EXT = 0xea
WIN_FORMAT = 0x50
WIN_GETMEDIASTATUS = 0xda
WIN_IDENTIFY = 0xec
WIN_IDENTIFY_DMA = 0xee
WIN_IDLEIMMEDIATE = 0xe1
WIN_INIT = 0x60
WIN_MEDIAEJECT = 0xed
WIN_MULTREAD = 0xc4
WIN_MULTREAD_EXT = 0x29
WIN_MULTWRITE = 0xc5
WIN_MULTWRITE_EXT = 0x39
WIN_NOP = 0x0
WIN_PACKETCMD = 0xa0
WIN_PIDENTIFY = 0xa1
WIN_POSTBOOT = 0xdc
WIN_PREBOOT = 0xdd
WIN_QUEUED_SERVICE = 0xa2
WIN_READ = 0x20
WIN_READDMA = 0xc8
WIN_READDMA_EXT = 0x25
WIN_READDMA_ONCE = 0xc9
WIN_READDMA_QUEUED = 0xc7
WIN_READDMA_QUEUED_EXT = 0x26
WIN_READ_BUFFER = 0xe4
WIN_READ_EXT = 0x24
WIN_READ_LONG = 0x22
WIN_READ_LONG_ONCE = 0x23
WIN_READ_NATIVE_MAX = 0xf8
WIN_READ_NATIVE_MAX_EXT = 0x27
WIN_READ_ONCE = 0x21
WIN_RECAL = 0x10
WIN_RESTORE = 0x10
WIN_SECURITY_DISABLE = 0xf6
WIN_SECURITY_ERASE_PREPARE = 0xf3
WIN_SECURITY_ERASE_UNIT = 0xf4
WIN_SECURITY_FREEZE_LOCK = 0xf5
WIN_SECURITY_SET_PASS = 0xf1
WIN_SECURITY_UNLOCK = 0xf2
WIN_SEEK = 0x70
WIN_SETFEATURES = 0xef
WIN_SETIDLE1 = 0xe3
WIN_SETIDLE2 = 0x97
WIN_SETMULT = 0xc6
WIN_SET_MAX = 0xf9
WIN_SET_MAX_EXT = 0x37
WIN_SLEEPNOW1 = 0xe6
WIN_SLEEPNOW2 = 0x99
WIN_SMART = 0xb0
WIN_SPECIFY = 0x91
WIN_SRST = 0x8
WIN_STANDBY = 0xe2
WIN_STANDBY2 = 0x96
WIN_STANDBYNOW1 = 0xe0
WIN_STANDBYNOW2 = 0x94
WIN_VERIFY = 0x40
WIN_VERIFY_EXT = 0x42
WIN_VERIFY_ONCE = 0x41
WIN_WRITE = 0x30
WIN_WRITEDMA = 0xca
WIN_WRITEDMA_EXT = 0x35
WIN_WRITEDMA_ONCE = 0xcb
WIN_WRITEDMA_QUEUED = 0xcc
WIN_WRITEDMA_QUEUED_EXT = 0x36
WIN_WRITE_BUFFER = 0xe8
WIN_WRITE_EXT = 0x34
WIN_WRITE_LONG = 0x32
WIN_WRITE_LONG_ONCE = 0x33
WIN_WRITE_ONCE = 0x31
WIN_WRITE_SAME = 0xe9
WIN_WRITE_VERIFY = 0x3c
WNOHANG = 0x1
WNOTHREAD = 0x20000000
WNOWAIT = 0x1000000
WORDSIZE = 0x40
WSTOPPED = 0x2
WUNTRACED = 0x2
XATTR_CREATE = 0x1
XATTR_REPLACE = 0x2
XCASE = 0x4
XDP_COPY = 0x2
XDP_FLAGS_DRV_MODE = 0x4
XDP_FLAGS_HW_MODE = 0x8
XDP_FLAGS_MASK = 0xf
XDP_FLAGS_MODES = 0xe
XDP_FLAGS_SKB_MODE = 0x2
XDP_FLAGS_UPDATE_IF_NOEXIST = 0x1
XDP_MMAP_OFFSETS = 0x1
XDP_PGOFF_RX_RING = 0x0
XDP_PGOFF_TX_RING = 0x80000000
XDP_RX_RING = 0x2
XDP_SHARED_UMEM = 0x1
XDP_STATISTICS = 0x7
XDP_TX_RING = 0x3
XDP_UMEM_COMPLETION_RING = 0x6
XDP_UMEM_FILL_RING = 0x5
XDP_UMEM_PGOFF_COMPLETION_RING = 0x180000000
XDP_UMEM_PGOFF_FILL_RING = 0x100000000
XDP_UMEM_REG = 0x4
XDP_ZEROCOPY = 0x4
XENFS_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xabba1974
XTABS = 0x1800
ZSMALLOC_MAGIC = 0x58295829
)
// Errors
const (
E2BIG = syscall.Errno(0x7)
EACCES = syscall.Errno(0xd)
EADDRINUSE = syscall.Errno(0x62)
EADDRNOTAVAIL = syscall.Errno(0x63)
EADV = syscall.Errno(0x44)
EAFNOSUPPORT = syscall.Errno(0x61)
EAGAIN = syscall.Errno(0xb)
EALREADY = syscall.Errno(0x72)
EBADE = syscall.Errno(0x34)
EBADF = syscall.Errno(0x9)
EBADFD = syscall.Errno(0x4d)
EBADMSG = syscall.Errno(0x4a)
EBADR = syscall.Errno(0x35)
EBADRQC = syscall.Errno(0x38)
EBADSLT = syscall.Errno(0x39)
EBFONT = syscall.Errno(0x3b)
EBUSY = syscall.Errno(0x10)
ECANCELED = syscall.Errno(0x7d)
ECHILD = syscall.Errno(0xa)
ECHRNG = syscall.Errno(0x2c)
ECOMM = syscall.Errno(0x46)
ECONNABORTED = syscall.Errno(0x67)
ECONNREFUSED = syscall.Errno(0x6f)
ECONNRESET = syscall.Errno(0x68)
EDEADLK = syscall.Errno(0x23)
EDEADLOCK = syscall.Errno(0x23)
EDESTADDRREQ = syscall.Errno(0x59)
EDOM = syscall.Errno(0x21)
EDOTDOT = syscall.Errno(0x49)
EDQUOT = syscall.Errno(0x7a)
EEXIST = syscall.Errno(0x11)
EFAULT = syscall.Errno(0xe)
EFBIG = syscall.Errno(0x1b)
EHOSTDOWN = syscall.Errno(0x70)
EHOSTUNREACH = syscall.Errno(0x71)
EHWPOISON = syscall.Errno(0x85)
EIDRM = syscall.Errno(0x2b)
EILSEQ = syscall.Errno(0x54)
EINPROGRESS = syscall.Errno(0x73)
EINTR = syscall.Errno(0x4)
EINVAL = syscall.Errno(0x16)
EIO = syscall.Errno(0x5)
EISCONN = syscall.Errno(0x6a)
EISDIR = syscall.Errno(0x15)
EISNAM = syscall.Errno(0x78)
EKEYEXPIRED = syscall.Errno(0x7f)
EKEYREJECTED = syscall.Errno(0x81)
EKEYREVOKED = syscall.Errno(0x80)
EL2HLT = syscall.Errno(0x33)
EL2NSYNC = syscall.Errno(0x2d)
EL3HLT = syscall.Errno(0x2e)
EL3RST = syscall.Errno(0x2f)
ELIBACC = syscall.Errno(0x4f)
ELIBBAD = syscall.Errno(0x50)
ELIBEXEC = syscall.Errno(0x53)
ELIBMAX = syscall.Errno(0x52)
ELIBSCN = syscall.Errno(0x51)
ELNRNG = syscall.Errno(0x30)
ELOOP = syscall.Errno(0x28)
EMEDIUMTYPE = syscall.Errno(0x7c)
EMFILE = syscall.Errno(0x18)
EMLINK = syscall.Errno(0x1f)
EMSGSIZE = syscall.Errno(0x5a)
EMULTIHOP = syscall.Errno(0x48)
ENAMETOOLONG = syscall.Errno(0x24)
ENAVAIL = syscall.Errno(0x77)
ENETDOWN = syscall.Errno(0x64)
ENETRESET = syscall.Errno(0x66)
ENETUNREACH = syscall.Errno(0x65)
ENFILE = syscall.Errno(0x17)
ENOANO = syscall.Errno(0x37)
ENOBUFS = syscall.Errno(0x69)
ENOCSI = syscall.Errno(0x32)
ENODATA = syscall.Errno(0x3d)
ENODEV = syscall.Errno(0x13)
ENOENT = syscall.Errno(0x2)
ENOEXEC = syscall.Errno(0x8)
ENOKEY = syscall.Errno(0x7e)
ENOLCK = syscall.Errno(0x25)
ENOLINK = syscall.Errno(0x43)
ENOMEDIUM = syscall.Errno(0x7b)
ENOMEM = syscall.Errno(0xc)
ENOMSG = syscall.Errno(0x2a)
ENONET = syscall.Errno(0x40)
ENOPKG = syscall.Errno(0x41)
ENOPROTOOPT = syscall.Errno(0x5c)
ENOSPC = syscall.Errno(0x1c)
ENOSR = syscall.Errno(0x3f)
ENOSTR = syscall.Errno(0x3c)
ENOSYS = syscall.Errno(0x26)
ENOTBLK = syscall.Errno(0xf)
ENOTCONN = syscall.Errno(0x6b)
ENOTDIR = syscall.Errno(0x14)
ENOTEMPTY = syscall.Errno(0x27)
ENOTNAM = syscall.Errno(0x76)
ENOTRECOVERABLE = syscall.Errno(0x83)
ENOTSOCK = syscall.Errno(0x58)
ENOTSUP = syscall.Errno(0x5f)
ENOTTY = syscall.Errno(0x19)
ENOTUNIQ = syscall.Errno(0x4c)
ENXIO = syscall.Errno(0x6)
EOPNOTSUPP = syscall.Errno(0x5f)
EOVERFLOW = syscall.Errno(0x4b)
EOWNERDEAD = syscall.Errno(0x82)
EPERM = syscall.Errno(0x1)
EPFNOSUPPORT = syscall.Errno(0x60)
EPIPE = syscall.Errno(0x20)
EPROTO = syscall.Errno(0x47)
EPROTONOSUPPORT = syscall.Errno(0x5d)
EPROTOTYPE = syscall.Errno(0x5b)
ERANGE = syscall.Errno(0x22)
EREMCHG = syscall.Errno(0x4e)
EREMOTE = syscall.Errno(0x42)
EREMOTEIO = syscall.Errno(0x79)
ERESTART = syscall.Errno(0x55)
ERFKILL = syscall.Errno(0x84)
EROFS = syscall.Errno(0x1e)
ESHUTDOWN = syscall.Errno(0x6c)
ESOCKTNOSUPPORT = syscall.Errno(0x5e)
ESPIPE = syscall.Errno(0x1d)
ESRCH = syscall.Errno(0x3)
ESRMNT = syscall.Errno(0x45)
ESTALE = syscall.Errno(0x74)
ESTRPIPE = syscall.Errno(0x56)
ETIME = syscall.Errno(0x3e)
ETIMEDOUT = syscall.Errno(0x6e)
ETOOMANYREFS = syscall.Errno(0x6d)
ETXTBSY = syscall.Errno(0x1a)
EUCLEAN = syscall.Errno(0x75)
EUNATCH = syscall.Errno(0x31)
EUSERS = syscall.Errno(0x57)
EWOULDBLOCK = syscall.Errno(0xb)
EXDEV = syscall.Errno(0x12)
EXFULL = syscall.Errno(0x36)
)
// Signals
const (
SIGABRT = syscall.Signal(0x6)
SIGALRM = syscall.Signal(0xe)
SIGBUS = syscall.Signal(0x7)
SIGCHLD = syscall.Signal(0x11)
SIGCLD = syscall.Signal(0x11)
SIGCONT = syscall.Signal(0x12)
SIGFPE = syscall.Signal(0x8)
SIGHUP = syscall.Signal(0x1)
SIGILL = syscall.Signal(0x4)
SIGINT = syscall.Signal(0x2)
SIGIO = syscall.Signal(0x1d)
SIGIOT = syscall.Signal(0x6)
SIGKILL = syscall.Signal(0x9)
SIGPIPE = syscall.Signal(0xd)
SIGPOLL = syscall.Signal(0x1d)
SIGPROF = syscall.Signal(0x1b)
SIGPWR = syscall.Signal(0x1e)
SIGQUIT = syscall.Signal(0x3)
SIGSEGV = syscall.Signal(0xb)
SIGSTKFLT = syscall.Signal(0x10)
SIGSTOP = syscall.Signal(0x13)
SIGSYS = syscall.Signal(0x1f)
SIGTERM = syscall.Signal(0xf)
SIGTRAP = syscall.Signal(0x5)
SIGTSTP = syscall.Signal(0x14)
SIGTTIN = syscall.Signal(0x15)
SIGTTOU = syscall.Signal(0x16)
SIGURG = syscall.Signal(0x17)
SIGUSR1 = syscall.Signal(0xa)
SIGUSR2 = syscall.Signal(0xc)
SIGVTALRM = syscall.Signal(0x1a)
SIGWINCH = syscall.Signal(0x1c)
SIGXCPU = syscall.Signal(0x18)
SIGXFSZ = syscall.Signal(0x19)
)
// Error table
var errorList = [...]struct {
num syscall.Errno
name string
desc string
}{
{1, "EPERM", "operation not permitted"},
{2, "ENOENT", "no such file or directory"},
{3, "ESRCH", "no such process"},
{4, "EINTR", "interrupted system call"},
{5, "EIO", "input/output error"},
{6, "ENXIO", "no such device or address"},
{7, "E2BIG", "argument list too long"},
{8, "ENOEXEC", "exec format error"},
{9, "EBADF", "bad file descriptor"},
{10, "ECHILD", "no child processes"},
{11, "EAGAIN", "resource temporarily unavailable"},
{12, "ENOMEM", "cannot allocate memory"},
{13, "EACCES", "permission denied"},
{14, "EFAULT", "bad address"},
{15, "ENOTBLK", "block device required"},
{16, "EBUSY", "device or resource busy"},
{17, "EEXIST", "file exists"},
{18, "EXDEV", "invalid cross-device link"},
{19, "ENODEV", "no such device"},
{20, "ENOTDIR", "not a directory"},
{21, "EISDIR", "is a directory"},
{22, "EINVAL", "invalid argument"},
{23, "ENFILE", "too many open files in system"},
{24, "EMFILE", "too many open files"},
{25, "ENOTTY", "inappropriate ioctl for device"},
{26, "ETXTBSY", "text file busy"},
{27, "EFBIG", "file too large"},
{28, "ENOSPC", "no space left on device"},
{29, "ESPIPE", "illegal seek"},
{30, "EROFS", "read-only file system"},
{31, "EMLINK", "too many links"},
{32, "EPIPE", "broken pipe"},
{33, "EDOM", "numerical argument out of domain"},
{34, "ERANGE", "numerical result out of range"},
{35, "EDEADLK", "resource deadlock avoided"},
{36, "ENAMETOOLONG", "file name too long"},
{37, "ENOLCK", "no locks available"},
{38, "ENOSYS", "function not implemented"},
{39, "ENOTEMPTY", "directory not empty"},
{40, "ELOOP", "too many levels of symbolic links"},
{42, "ENOMSG", "no message of desired type"},
{43, "EIDRM", "identifier removed"},
{44, "ECHRNG", "channel number out of range"},
{45, "EL2NSYNC", "level 2 not synchronized"},
{46, "EL3HLT", "level 3 halted"},
{47, "EL3RST", "level 3 reset"},
{48, "ELNRNG", "link number out of range"},
{49, "EUNATCH", "protocol driver not attached"},
{50, "ENOCSI", "no CSI structure available"},
{51, "EL2HLT", "level 2 halted"},
{52, "EBADE", "invalid exchange"},
{53, "EBADR", "invalid request descriptor"},
{54, "EXFULL", "exchange full"},
{55, "ENOANO", "no anode"},
{56, "EBADRQC", "invalid request code"},
{57, "EBADSLT", "invalid slot"},
{59, "EBFONT", "bad font file format"},
{60, "ENOSTR", "device not a stream"},
{61, "ENODATA", "no data available"},
{62, "ETIME", "timer expired"},
{63, "ENOSR", "out of streams resources"},
{64, "ENONET", "machine is not on the network"},
{65, "ENOPKG", "package not installed"},
{66, "EREMOTE", "object is remote"},
{67, "ENOLINK", "link has been severed"},
{68, "EADV", "advertise error"},
{69, "ESRMNT", "srmount error"},
{70, "ECOMM", "communication error on send"},
{71, "EPROTO", "protocol error"},
{72, "EMULTIHOP", "multihop attempted"},
{73, "EDOTDOT", "RFS specific error"},
{74, "EBADMSG", "bad message"},
{75, "EOVERFLOW", "value too large for defined data type"},
{76, "ENOTUNIQ", "name not unique on network"},
{77, "EBADFD", "file descriptor in bad state"},
{78, "EREMCHG", "remote address changed"},
{79, "ELIBACC", "can not access a needed shared library"},
{80, "ELIBBAD", "accessing a corrupted shared library"},
{81, "ELIBSCN", ".lib section in a.out corrupted"},
{82, "ELIBMAX", "attempting to link in too many shared libraries"},
{83, "ELIBEXEC", "cannot exec a shared library directly"},
{84, "EILSEQ", "invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character"},
{85, "ERESTART", "interrupted system call should be restarted"},
{86, "ESTRPIPE", "streams pipe error"},
{87, "EUSERS", "too many users"},
{88, "ENOTSOCK", "socket operation on non-socket"},
{89, "EDESTADDRREQ", "destination address required"},
{90, "EMSGSIZE", "message too long"},
{91, "EPROTOTYPE", "protocol wrong type for socket"},
{92, "ENOPROTOOPT", "protocol not available"},
{93, "EPROTONOSUPPORT", "protocol not supported"},
{94, "ESOCKTNOSUPPORT", "socket type not supported"},
{95, "ENOTSUP", "operation not supported"},
{96, "EPFNOSUPPORT", "protocol family not supported"},
{97, "EAFNOSUPPORT", "address family not supported by protocol"},
{98, "EADDRINUSE", "address already in use"},
{99, "EADDRNOTAVAIL", "cannot assign requested address"},
{100, "ENETDOWN", "network is down"},
{101, "ENETUNREACH", "network is unreachable"},
{102, "ENETRESET", "network dropped connection on reset"},
{103, "ECONNABORTED", "software caused connection abort"},
{104, "ECONNRESET", "connection reset by peer"},
{105, "ENOBUFS", "no buffer space available"},
{106, "EISCONN", "transport endpoint is already connected"},
{107, "ENOTCONN", "transport endpoint is not connected"},
{108, "ESHUTDOWN", "cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown"},
{109, "ETOOMANYREFS", "too many references: cannot splice"},
{110, "ETIMEDOUT", "connection timed out"},
{111, "ECONNREFUSED", "connection refused"},
{112, "EHOSTDOWN", "host is down"},
{113, "EHOSTUNREACH", "no route to host"},
{114, "EALREADY", "operation already in progress"},
{115, "EINPROGRESS", "operation now in progress"},
{116, "ESTALE", "stale file handle"},
{117, "EUCLEAN", "structure needs cleaning"},
{118, "ENOTNAM", "not a XENIX named type file"},
{119, "ENAVAIL", "no XENIX semaphores available"},
{120, "EISNAM", "is a named type file"},
{121, "EREMOTEIO", "remote I/O error"},
{122, "EDQUOT", "disk quota exceeded"},
{123, "ENOMEDIUM", "no medium found"},
{124, "EMEDIUMTYPE", "wrong medium type"},
{125, "ECANCELED", "operation canceled"},
{126, "ENOKEY", "required key not available"},
{127, "EKEYEXPIRED", "key has expired"},
{128, "EKEYREVOKED", "key has been revoked"},
{129, "EKEYREJECTED", "key was rejected by service"},
{130, "EOWNERDEAD", "owner died"},
{131, "ENOTRECOVERABLE", "state not recoverable"},
{132, "ERFKILL", "operation not possible due to RF-kill"},
{133, "EHWPOISON", "memory page has hardware error"},
}
// Signal table
var signalList = [...]struct {
num syscall.Signal
name string
desc string
}{
{1, "SIGHUP", "hangup"},
{2, "SIGINT", "interrupt"},
{3, "SIGQUIT", "quit"},
{4, "SIGILL", "illegal instruction"},
{5, "SIGTRAP", "trace/breakpoint trap"},
{6, "SIGABRT", "aborted"},
{7, "SIGBUS", "bus error"},
{8, "SIGFPE", "floating point exception"},
{9, "SIGKILL", "killed"},
{10, "SIGUSR1", "user defined signal 1"},
{11, "SIGSEGV", "segmentation fault"},
{12, "SIGUSR2", "user defined signal 2"},
{13, "SIGPIPE", "broken pipe"},
{14, "SIGALRM", "alarm clock"},
{15, "SIGTERM", "terminated"},
{16, "SIGSTKFLT", "stack fault"},
{17, "SIGCHLD", "child exited"},
{18, "SIGCONT", "continued"},
{19, "SIGSTOP", "stopped (signal)"},
{20, "SIGTSTP", "stopped"},
{21, "SIGTTIN", "stopped (tty input)"},
{22, "SIGTTOU", "stopped (tty output)"},
{23, "SIGURG", "urgent I/O condition"},
{24, "SIGXCPU", "CPU time limit exceeded"},
{25, "SIGXFSZ", "file size limit exceeded"},
{26, "SIGVTALRM", "virtual timer expired"},
{27, "SIGPROF", "profiling timer expired"},
{28, "SIGWINCH", "window changed"},
{29, "SIGIO", "I/O possible"},
{30, "SIGPWR", "power failure"},
{31, "SIGSYS", "bad system call"},
}
``` |
Kobi Yakob Arad (Hebrew: קובי ארד; born: October 2, 1981) is an Israeli-born American jazz pianist, composer, and music producer. He is known for being the pianist, vocalist, and bandleader of the Kobi Arad Band. He has won a Hollywood Music in Media (HMMA) Award and an Independent Music Award, both for his work as a solo artist and as part of the Kobi Arad Band.
He has collaborated with artists such as Stevie Wonder, Cindy and Carlos Santana, Jack DeJohnette, and Roy Ayers.
Early life and education
Arad was born on October 2, 1981 and raised in Haifa, Israel. He earned his bachelor's degree at Tel Aviv University and became the first musician to earn a doctorate in contemporary improvisation and third stream from the New England Conservatory of Music.
Career
While living in Israel, Arad participated as a keyboardist in a trio with Asaf Sirkis and Gabriel Mayer in the 1990s. Arad also collaborated with Stevie Wonder and his manager Stephanie Andrews at the Berklee Performance Center in 2005.
Arad released his album Sparks of Understanding in 2009, which featured an appearance from drummer Bob Moses.
Arad collaborated with recording engineer Robert Margouleff on The Experience Project in 2015. In 2015, he also released the albums Webern Re-Visioned, which consisted of re-imaginings of works by Anton Webern, and Superflow, which is a collaboration with Roy Ayers, featuring bassist Jonathan Levy.
He also recorded Ellington Upside Down, a Duke Ellington tribute CD, with the Kobi Arad Band. The album’s mashup of “Take the ‘A’ Train” and “It Ain’t Mean a Thing” was nominated for Best Jazz Instrumental at the 17th Independent Music Awards (2019). Arad’s album Segments went on to win Best Jazz Instrumental in the album category at the same event.
At the 2021 Hollywood Music in Media (HMMA) Awards, Arad won the Independent Music Artist award in Best Jazz for his performance of “Bemsha Swing” by Thelonious Monk.
Discography (selected)
Albums
Sparks of Understanding (2009)
Ancient Novice (2009)
Inner Hymns (2012)
The Experience Project (2015)
Webern Re-Visioned (2015)
Superflow (2015)
Cubism - Hyper-Dimensional Jazz (2016)
Flux - A Song Cycle for Solo Fender Rhodes (2017)
Ellington Upside Down (2017)
Segments (2018)
Intonations (2019)
Sketches of Monk (2020)
References
1981 births
Living people
American jazz pianists
Israeli emigrants to the United States
Jewish American musicians
Jewish jazz musicians
Jazz arrangers
Jazz bandleaders
American jazz composers
American jazz keyboardists
Israeli jazz pianists
Israeli Jews
Musicians from Haifa
Tel Aviv University alumni
New England Conservatory alumni |
Oxyopes salticus is a species of lynx spider, commonly known as the striped lynx spider, first described by Hentz in 1845. Its habitat tends to be grasses and leafy vegetation; grassy, weedy fields, and row crops.
Description
Adult specimens have some color variation between orange, cream and brown. Adult females typically have stripes on both the carapace and abdomen, though on many specimens, the stripes are more pronounced on the abdomen. There is a generally a diamond cardiac mark, and macrosetae covering legs I-IV. There is a broad clypeus. Adult females range in size from ~5-6mm, and adult males range in size ~4-5mm.
Range
Eastern United States from Massachusetts and Iowa south to Florida and Texas, along Mexican border, north along Pacific coast to Oregon. Also much of South and Central America Recently, O.salticus has been found in great numbers on the Big Island of Hawai'i as well as the island of Maui (see picture to the right).
Agricultural importance
A number of authors (Brady 1964, Laster and Brazzel 1968, McDaniel et al. 1981, Young and Lockley 1985) have noted the importance of Oxyopids as a major predator of economically important agricultural pests. In 1961, Kayashima released 45,000 O. sertatus spiders into a Cryptomeria forest in Japan (in a test plot) and noted a 53% reduction in damage by the gall midge Contarinia inouyei. Other studies in India (Sharma & Sarup, 1979; Rao et al., 1981) have noted similar results. However, some studies note that O. salticus (and other Oxyopids) also prey on beneficial insects (e.g., bees and other pollinators), so their importance in pest control is somewhat questioned.
Gallery
Footnotes
References
(2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.
Brady, A.A. (1964). The lynx spiders of North America, North of Mexico (Araneae: Oxyopidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 131: 429–518.
Kayashima, I. (1961). Study of the lynx spider, Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch, for biological control of the crytomerian leaf fly (Contarina inouyei Mani). Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, 51. 413.
Weems, H. V. Jr. and Whitcomb, W. H. Green Lynx Spider, Peucetia viridans (Hentz) (Arachnida: Araneae: Oxyopidae). EENY-249 Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: November 2001. Revised March 2011.
Young, O.P.; Lockley T.C.(1985). The striped lynx spider,Oxyopes salticus [Araneae: Oxyopidae], in agroecosystems. Entomophaga 30(4): 329–346. Abstract
Oxyopidae
Spiders of North America
Spiders of Central America
Spiders of South America
Spiders described in 1845 |
A cathedral constable is a constable employed by a cathedral of the Church of England. They have been appointed under common law and cathedral statutes (ecclesiastical law) for nearly 800 years.
History
Cathedral constables have a long history and can trace their lineage back to the 13th century.
Before the onset of professional policing something often overlooked is the close relationship which once existed between the church and the imposition of law and order. In the Middle Ages the parish was the smallest unit of local government in the country. Every parish was centred around the local church, and after the Reformation was responsible for administering civil and religious government at a local level. Many parishes developed a vestry – a small body of village officials, answerable only to the bishop and the local justices, and who were responsible for the ecclesiastical and secular well-being of the parish they served.
Parish constables, sometimes referred to as petty constables, were attested by justices of the peace but accountable to the local churchwardens. Like parish constables, church wardens were locally appointed and oversaw the administration of the parish, good order during services, and the upkeep of the church fabric and property. Similarly, many cathedrals employed constables to keep watch and maintain law and order within the cathedral and its precincts; an area often known as the Close. These officers were appointed by, and answerable to, the cathedral Dean and Chapter.
Current operations
Constables are employed at three cathedrals:
York Minster Police at York Minster
Liverpool Cathedral Constables at Liverpool Cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral Close Constables at Canterbury Cathedral
During the 21st century, constables have also operated at:
Salisbury Cathedral Constables (abolished 2010)
Hereford Cathedral Constables (abolished 2014)
Chester Cathedral Constables (abolished 2021)
Training, equipment, and uniform
Cathedral constables wear a uniform very similar to British territorial police forces.
Attestation
Some officers are attested and hold the office of constable within the cathedral's curtilage, whilst others remain un-sworn. Constables who are attested wear a distinguishing royal blue and white Sillitoe tartan chequered cap band to distinguish them from their Home Office police colleagues (black and white chequered cap band) and their un-sworn colleagues (plain hat bands).
A number of officers at Canterbury, York and Liverpool are attested and hold the powers of constable in their respective cathedral and precincts. Newly appointed officers undertake pre-attestation training (provided by the CCA) together with training delivered by their own cathedral. Upon completion, officers are attested and can undertake officer safety training (OST).
Chief Officers
Most of the current constabularies distinguish their chief officer with the rank markings used by a police Inspector in a territorial force. This officer generally bears the title head constable or inspector. There is a formal command structure in each constabulary of chief inspector (Canterbury Cathedral only), inspector, sergeant, constable and unattested warden. The position of chief officer exists within the Cathedral Constables' Association (CCA).
Training
Local training is supplemented by training opportunities organised by the CCA, including the level 3 Certificate in Cathedral Constable Attestation, and individual personal safety training (PST) which is provided under contract by training officers of the Mersey Tunnels Police.
Ranks
See also
Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City
Domfreiheit
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories
Pontifical Swiss Guard
Washington National Cathedral Police
References
External links
Official website of the Cathedral Constables' Association
Church law enforcement agencies
Law enforcement in England and Wales
Law enforcement occupations in the United Kingdom |
Sigrid Lidströmer (1866–1942), granddaughter of the architect Fredrik August Lidströmer, was a Swedish author, polemicist and translator. She wrote articles in the Swedish literary magazine Idun, wrote and translated songs, novels, short stories, polemical articles, and poems from and to Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish, German, French and English.
She corresponded with Oscar Wilde and translated his The Ballad of Reading Gaol into Swedish.
Her main interests were women's rights, education, literary debate and general human rights.
Notes
1866 births
1942 deaths
Swedish translators
Swedish women writers
Translators to Swedish |
```javascript
'use strict';
// From: path_to_url
const common = require('../common');
if (!common.hasIntl)
common.skip('missing Intl');
const assert = require('assert');
const {
TextDecoder
} = require('util');
{
[
{ encoding: 'utf-8', sequence: [0xC0] },
{ encoding: 'utf-16le', sequence: [0x00] },
{ encoding: 'utf-16be', sequence: [0x00] }
].forEach((testCase) => {
const data = new Uint8Array([testCase.sequence]);
common.expectsError(
() => {
const decoder = new TextDecoder(testCase.encoding, { fatal: true });
decoder.decode(data);
}, {
code: 'ERR_ENCODING_INVALID_ENCODED_DATA',
type: TypeError,
message:
`The encoded data was not valid for encoding ${testCase.encoding}`
}
);
assert.strictEqual(
new TextDecoder(testCase.encoding).decode(data),
'\uFFFD'
);
});
}
{
const decoder = new TextDecoder('utf-16le', { fatal: true });
const odd = new Uint8Array([0x00]);
const even = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00]);
assert.strictEqual(decoder.decode(odd, { stream: true }), '');
assert.strictEqual(decoder.decode(odd), '\u0000');
common.expectsError(
() => {
decoder.decode(even, { stream: true });
decoder.decode(odd);
}, {
code: 'ERR_ENCODING_INVALID_ENCODED_DATA',
type: TypeError,
message:
'The encoded data was not valid for encoding utf-16le'
}
);
common.expectsError(
() => {
decoder.decode(odd, { stream: true });
decoder.decode(even);
}, {
code: 'ERR_ENCODING_INVALID_ENCODED_DATA',
type: TypeError,
message:
'The encoded data was not valid for encoding utf-16le'
}
);
assert.strictEqual(decoder.decode(even, { stream: true }), '\u0000');
assert.strictEqual(decoder.decode(even), '\u0000');
}
``` |
TuS Altrip is a German football club from the municipality of Altrip, Rhineland-Palatinate.
History
The club was established 13 August 1906 as the gymnastics club Turnverein Altrip and in 1911 it opened a football department. TV adopted the name Turn- und Sportverein Altrip in 1920. Four years later the football department became independent as Sportverein Altrip. Sometime around 1933 the footballers were reunited with their parent club.
TuS won promotion to the Amateurliga Südwest (III) in 1961 and were sent down in 1964. They made a single season appearance there in 1965–66 but fared poorly. They returned to Amateurliga play for a three-season turn from 1971 to 1974. After two consecutive 6th-place finishes they crashed to 16th in 1974 and were relegated.
Most recently the footballers played in the Bezirksliga Vorderpfalz, followed by the A- and B-Klassen Mittelhardt and are part of a larger sports club that includes departments for athletics, badminton, and gymnastics.
References
External links
Official team site
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Rhineland-Palatinate
Association football clubs established in 1911
Sports clubs and teams established in 1906
1906 establishments in Germany |
```objective-c
/*
==============================================================================
MappingFilter.h
Created: 28 Oct 2016 8:08:53pm
Author: bkupe
==============================================================================
*/
#pragma once
#include "Common/ParameterLink/ParameterLink.h"
class MappingFilter :
public BaseItem,
public MultiplexTarget,
public ParamLinkContainer::ParamLinkContainerListener
{
public:
MappingFilter(const String& name = "MappingFilter", var params = var(), Multiplex* multiplex = nullptr, bool hasChannelFilter = false);
virtual ~MappingFilter();
bool canFilterChannels;
Array<int> excludedChannels;
enum ProcessResult { CHANGED, UNCHANGED, STOP_HERE };
ParamLinkContainer filterParams;
Array<Controllable::Type> filterTypeFilters; //if not empty, this will filter out the parameters passed to the processSingleParameterInternal function
Array<Array<WeakReference<Parameter>>> sourceParams;
OwnedArray<OwnedArray<Parameter>> filteredParameters; //not in hierarchy, first dimension is multiplex
Array<var> previousValues; //for checking, multiplexed
bool isSettingUpSources;
bool processOnSameValue; //disabling this allows for fast checking and stopping if source and dest values are the same
bool autoSetRange; //if true, will check at process if ranges are differents between source and filtered, and if so, will reassign
bool filterParamsAreDirty; //This is use to force processing even if input has not changed when a filterParam has been changed
virtual bool setupSources(Array<Parameter*> sources, int multiplexIndex, bool rangeOnly = false);
virtual void setupParametersInternal(int mutiplexIndex, bool rangeOnly = false);
virtual Parameter* setupSingleParameterInternal(Parameter* source, int multiplexIndex, bool rangeOnly = false);
ProcessResult process(Array<Parameter*> inputs, int multiplexIndex);
virtual ProcessResult processInternal(Array<Parameter*> inputs, int multiplexIndex);
virtual ProcessResult processSingleParameterInternal(Parameter* source, Parameter* out, int multiplexIndex) { return UNCHANGED; }
virtual void onContainerParameterChangedInternal(Parameter* p) override;
virtual void onControllableFeedbackUpdateInternal(ControllableContainer*, Controllable* p) override;
virtual void filterParamChanged(Parameter*) {};
void linkUpdated(ParamLinkContainer* c, ParameterLink* pLink) override;
void listItemUpdated(ParamLinkContainer* c, ParameterLink* link, int multiplexIndex) override;
void setExcludedChannels(Array<int> channels);
bool isChannelEligible(int index);
void multiplexPreviewIndexChanged() override;
virtual void clearItem() override;
virtual var getJSONData() override;
virtual void loadJSONDataInternal(var data) override;
InspectableEditor* getEditorInternal(bool isRoot, Array<Inspectable*> inspectables = Array<Inspectable*>()) override;
virtual void parameterRangeChanged(Parameter*) override;
class FilterListener
{
public:
/** Destructor. */
virtual ~FilterListener() {}
virtual void filterStateChanged(MappingFilter*) {}
virtual void filterNeedsProcess(MappingFilter*) {};
virtual void filteredParamsChanged(MappingFilter*) {}
virtual void filteredParamRangeChanged(MappingFilter*) {}
};
ListenerList<FilterListener, Array<FilterListener*, CriticalSection>> mappingFilterListeners;
void addMappingFilterListener(FilterListener* newListener) { mappingFilterListeners.add(newListener); }
void removeMappingFilterListener(FilterListener* listener) { mappingFilterListeners.remove(listener); }
class FilterEvent {
public:
enum Type { FILTER_REBUILT };
FilterEvent(Type type, MappingFilter* f) : type(type), filter(f) {}
Type type;
MappingFilter* filter;
};
QueuedNotifier<FilterEvent> filterAsyncNotifier;
typedef QueuedNotifier<FilterEvent>::Listener AsyncFilterListener;
void addAsyncFilterListener(AsyncFilterListener* newListener) { filterAsyncNotifier.addListener(newListener); }
void addAsyncCoalescedFilterListener(AsyncFilterListener* newListener) { filterAsyncNotifier.addAsyncCoalescedListener(newListener); }
void removeAsyncFilterListener(AsyncFilterListener* listener) { filterAsyncNotifier.removeListener(listener); }
virtual String getTypeString() const override { jassert(false); return "[ERROR]"; }
JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR(MappingFilter)
private:
JUCE_DECLARE_WEAK_REFERENCEABLE(MappingFilter)
};
``` |
The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) is a system for reporting food safety issues within the European Union established by Regulation (EC) 178/2002 of 28 January 2002, which entered into force on 21 February 2002. Its objective is to achieve "a high level of protection of human life and health", based on the principle that the free movement of food and feed within the European Community (now the European Union) can only be achieved if food and feed safety requirements do not differ significantly between Member States.
See also
European Food Safety Authority
Food and Agriculture Organization
Food safety
EUROPHYT
TRACES
References
External links
Animal feed
European Union and agriculture
European Union food law
Food safety organizations
Regulation in the European Union |
Twyford is a large village and civil parish in the Borough of Wokingham in Berkshire, England. It had a population of 6,618 in the 2011 Census. It is in the Thames Valley and on the A4 between Reading and Maidenhead, close to Henley-on-Thames and Wokingham.
History
The village's toponym is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and means double ford. It is a common name in England. Twyford had two fords over two branches of the River Loddon, on the Old Bath Road to the west of the centre. According to the chronicler Geoffrey Gaimar, after King Æthelred of Wessex and his brother, the future King Alfred the Great, were defeated by the Vikings at the Battle of Reading in 871, they escaped by a ford over the River Loddon at Twyford which was not known to their pursuers. William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania, who was a well known philanthropist who donated his life savings to Loddon Village Hall, spent the final years of his life in Ruscombe Fields, a property close to Twyford, and is remembered by a residential street named 'Pennfields'.
Twyford was primarily an agricultural settlement until the coming of the railway in 1838 put it on the Great Western main line to the west and subsequently made it a junction for the Henley Branch Line. However, its position on the Bath Road had always brought activity which was centred on the King's Arms, an important coaching inn. The opening of a by-pass in 1929 finally ended the east–west flow of main road traffic through the centre, but Twyford is still on a busy north–south route from Wokingham in the south to Henley-on-Thames in the north. The greatest expansion, however, has taken place since the Second World War, particularly in the last 50 years, with the construction of several estates north and south of the village.
Today
The population of Twyford in the 2011 Census was 6,618. Of this, 20.84% were aged 0–15, while 19.96% were aged 65+, leaving a relatively small working age population compared to the rest of Wokingham Borough. There are 2,611 individual dwellings in the ward of Twyford, the majority of which are detached. In 2011, 72.31% of residents aged 16–74 were in employment, the majority of whom held Managerial, Professional or Technical positions. Only 0.5% were registered as actively seeking employment.
The average life expectancy at birth is 80.1 years for males and 84.7 years for females. Twyford is also home to the global headquarters of the international construction and services company, Interserve, which employs 75,000 people worldwide. Twyford is also a place of great community spirit and has many annual events. Popular in recent years have been the annual Twyford Beer Festival, and Twyfest, which is a week long festival of different events from live music, school discos, quiz nights and talent shows.
Government
Twyford has its own parish council, and is also in the Borough of Wokingham, and the ceremonial county of Berkshire. Before this it was in Wokingham Rural District and the hundred of Charlton. Until 1895 Twyford was part of the parish of Hurst in the liberty of Broad Hinton. From the 13th century until 1844 Broad Hinton was a detached part of Wiltshire.
Twinning
Twyford was twinned with Cuincy in northern France in a ceremony over the weekend of 23–25 March 2018. This is thanks to the local peaple in twyford
Transport
Situated in the Thames Valley, Twyford is 10 miles from the M4, M40 and M3 motorways and from the M25. The town of Reading is to the west, with Maidenhead to the east, Henley-on-Thames to the north, and Wokingham to the south. London is to the east. Twyford railway station is on the Great Western Main Line and the Elizabeth line, the station is served by trains between and stations. There is also a branch line to . The Great Western Main Line has been electrified and Twyford has been served by a new fleet of electric trains since the start of 2018. These links make Twyford very popular with commuters. A direct rail link to Heathrow Airport is also being planned.
Amenities
Twyford has two recreation grounds, both owned and managed by the Parish Council. The King George V Playing Field, between London Road and Wargrave Road has football pitches, three tennis courts, children's playgrounds, a youth shelter and is where the yearly fireworks are held by Twyford Round Table. A project to build a skate park and ball court in the field was completed in July 2008. Stanlake Meadow, off Waltham Road, has football pitches, a cricket square used by Twyford & Ruscombe Cricket Club and a pavilion which is also used as a nursery school. Twyford also has a youth football club called Twyford Comets which plays on both recreation grounds. Indoor sports clubs use the parish hall, Loddon Hall. This is a joint facility with the neighbouring parish of Ruscombe. Twyford has a tennis club, a cricket club and a bowls club with its own green, and claims to have the oldest badminton club in the country.
In 2015, the Cycle Chilterns project created a cycling guide to Twyford town and the surrounding area with cycling information and facilities, places to visit and a variety of cycle routes. The Twyford Cycling Guide can be downloaded and printed out from the website. Twyford has a number of schools and is also served by grammar schools in Reading. One of the oldest and most popular pubs in Berkshire is located in Twyford. The Duke of Wellington was built around 1450, and early records indicate it has been in use as a public house since the early 17th century. It would then have had a different name as there were no Dukes of Wellington before the nineteenth century. Twyford has a nature reserve on the edge of the village of called Loddon Nature Reserve, under the management of the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.
References
Sources
External links
Wokingham Borough Council
Twyford Together
Twyford & District Round Table
Cycling in Twyford with Cycle Chilterns
The Duke of Wellington
Civil parishes in Berkshire
Villages in Berkshire
Borough of Wokingham |
The “Tower of David Period” is the nickname which describes Israeli art during the 1920s. The nickname was coined as a result of the exhibition that took place in the Tower of David during that period. Instead of one artistic direction, this period was characterized by artistic works of conflicting styles, reflecting the worldview of the artists with regard to the social, political, and artistic reality within the Land of Israel and outside of it. Alongside the art created at “Bezalel”, which was characterized by decorative motifs and the influence of ars nova, the young Land-of-Israel artists produced works of art that reflected a variety of modernist influences.
Background: The Land of Israel at the Beginning of the 20th Century
The variety of expressions and styles in the Land of Israel in the "Tower of David Period" reflects the historic and decisive division in the history of the Jewish people which preceded this period and continued through the days of the Yishuv, the body of Jewish residents in Palestine, before the establishment of the State of Israel, under the British Mandate.
The Yishuv community had been caught up in an accelerated process of change since the First Aliyah in 1881. The aspiration of the elite groups of new immigrants was not just to settle the Holy Land and to implement an emotional and spiritual awakening there, like most of their predecessors from the “Old Yishuv”, but also to fashion it in their own image and identity; this included, according to their own consciousness, both old and traditional elements and new and revolutionary elements, intertwined in a unique ideological treatise.
From the beginning of the 20th century, people of the Second Aliyah worked to change the status and situation of the Jewish community in the Land of Israel. The decisive compensation for their efforts came with the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and the events that followed in its wake: in 1917 the Russian Revolution took place and the Bolsheviks seized the government; the Ottoman and the Austro-Hungarian Empires dissolved into individual nations; and even the victorious Colonial powers, headed by Britain and France, began in effect a process of convergence. After the signing of the peace agreements, and as a result of them, a new world order prevailed; and in the Land of Israel, the British Mandate government slowly took root, beginning with the Balfour Declaration and the entry of the army into the Land of Israel, effecting a gradual occupation in 1918, the beginning of the military government, and later the civil government in 1920, and ending in the publication of the first “White Book” in 1922. The British in fact expressed support for the Zionist leadership, when they allowed delegations of the Zionist Commission and Hadassah to come to the Land of Israel and found the basis for declaring future Jewish sovereignty there; on the other hand they hampered aliyah to the Land of Israel and disbanded the Jewish Legion, which they had recruited during World War I, and in whom they had instilled with grand Zionist hopes.
A mixture of voices could be heard in the years after World War I in the various Jewish communities, particularly in the battle among the militant members of the Zionist Movement. Advocates of religiosity and traditionalism, nationalism and modernism, liberalism and Communism all made use of the movement. All these streams found a place in the small Yishuv society in the 1920s, and the different utterances and artist directions were combined in them and influenced by them.
The people of the Third Aliyah, from 1918 to 1923, were imbued with a wide-ranging revolutionary spirit, and they were engaged in a constant interchange with the Yishuv environment. However their influence was also a result of their numbers (by the end of the war the Yishuv numbered 56,000 people, and an estimate of the number of the many new Jewish immigrants, balancing out those who left, stood at 35,000) and in addition, to a large extent, because of the broad spectrum of new ideas they brought with them to the Land of Israel. Most of the new immigrants were from Eastern Europe, young, and with a belief in Zionism in all its varieties. Many of them, particularly the young and inventive among them, underwent a redesign of how they perceived their new Jewish and Hebrew world during the 1920s, while they were involved in Zionist labor like building roads and erecting buildings, and were undergoing the considerable suffering brought about by poverty, hunger, and the constant illnesses resulting from them. At the same time they were structuring their own personal identity, they also influenced the long-time residents of the Land of Israel who had preceded them: people who had come on the First and Second Aliyah and were members of the “Old Yishuv”.
The Tower of David Exhibition: “The First Culture War” in Israeli Art”
The opening of exhibitions in the Tower of David in April 1921, expressed the aspirations toward founding a center for art in the Land of Israel. In spite of the fact that the exhibitions were supposed to include a representation of all the art being created in the Land of Israel, in reality the art of the Arab, Muslim, and Christian residents were presented primarily in a historical-archaeological framework. The Jewish artists, on the other hand, sought to present art that drew its inspiration not just from the Jewish historical past, but also from the movement of art and handicrafts that grew out of European Modernism. This was most noticeable among the artists of “The Jewish Artists Association”, who attempted to develop a “Jewish ethic”. This group, most of whom were students of “Bezalel”, organized exhibitions in the Tower of David. A number of exhibitions were organized, both in the Tower of David and outside of it, and most of the works exhibited in these exhibitions were influenced by the Post-Impressionists and the Expressionists.
One of the most important exhibitions was that of the works by Reuven Rubin, who mounted an exhibition in the Tower in 1924. Rubin exhibited new works that showed the transition from the influence of the Christian tradition to paintings brimming with the symbolism of the Land of Israel. Among the works that drew attention was the triptych “First Fruits” (1924), which received enthusiastic reviews by critics from various fields of culture such as Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Samuel (Schmuel) Hugo Bergman, etc. However the perception of Modernist painting that Rubin presented was not shared by all of the population. His album of woodcuts, “The Godseekers (1923)”, which he sent to the High Commissioner, was rejected because the High Commissioner did not “have any liking for that population of art objects”.
Views like those held by Rubin kept spreading among the young artists during the first half of the decade. At the same time "Bezalel" art continued to honor the values of Classicism, Jugendstil (Art Nouveau), and eastern European Realism. The works of the “Bezalel” artists existed primarily within the space of applied arts, and they were characterized by the introduction of noncanonical branches of art – such as decoration and design – into high art in order to create a style".
But first and foremost the young artists began to be aware of the growing gap between “Bezalel” and the international art world. One attempt to reject totally the world of Modernism can be seen in Boris Schatz’s closure of the Bezalel library because he was afraid the students would be negatively influenced by it. In a critical article published in 1928, Agan wrote that as opposed to the people of “Bezalel”, Modernist artists “draw the land of Israel with love and a desire to understand and grasp its colors and lines in accordance with the dominant trends in the modern art world”.
By the end of the decade the principles on which Bezalel based its work had become irrelevant, because they were no longer suitable to the political and ideological conditions of Eretz Israel. Besides the criticism of the varying quality of the results of the “Bezalel” workshops, the strengthening of left-wing elements in the Yishuv, increased the criticism of the use of national and religious symbols as the virtually exclusive expression of Jewish nationality. In 1929, the school closed after the Zionist organizations refused to support its activities any longer.
Yigal Zalmona presented the confrontation between the “Bezalel” people and the “rebel” artists as a confrontation between the “immigrant” point of view and the “native” point of view. The “old-timer” generation of “Bezalel” insisted on creating a national art, which focused on the symbols of its Judeo-European past. In this way the artists expressed their wish to be integrated into the world of European art. The “Bezalel” artists enjoyed the support of the European Jewish middle classes, and many of the orders for the art coming out of its workshops came from the Conservative and Reform Jews of the United States. The generation of modern students, on the other hand, saw the creation of a local Jewish culture as a central need, a point of view which coincided with spirit of Israel's Labor Movement. Many of them were influenced by the European vanguard, to whom they had been exposed in various frameworks, particularly in France. These artists, Tsalmona contended, wanted to create the reality of the Land of Israel of their time within the framework of the creative activity this vanguard.
From Jerusalem to Tel Aviv – The Development of the Center of Art of the Land of Israel
The founding of “Bezalel” in Jerusalem in 1906 created a center of art and culture in Jerusalem the likes of which had never before been seen in the Land of Israel. The “Bezalel” people hoped to continue to develop the school as an artistic and ideological center for the country's inhabitants, and even for the Jewish inhabitants of the Diaspora. This was symbolized above all by the opening of the Bezalel National Museum in 1925, as a museum intended to be open permanently to the public. In these years the art of young artists from the Land of Israel was eliminated entirely from its exhibitions, which concentrated entirely on historical artistic evidence of the nationalist message appropriate to the “Bezalel” dialogue Boris Schatz was promoting. By the middle of the 1920s, Bezalel's status in the eyes of the public had seriously deteriorated. A witness to this can be seen in the 1927 letter of Mordechai Narkis to Boris Schatz, in which he reports that Land of Israeli newspapers have eradicated the name of the Bezalel school from their articles.
Parallel to Bezalel, at the beginning of the 1920s a group of independent artists who sought to cut all ties with the old establishment began to be active in Jerusalem. The establishment of the “Association of Jewish Artists” symbolized this more than any other phenomenon. In addition to the exhibits organized by the Association, private exhibitions were organized in various places in the city, such as “Menorah” (Joseph Zaritsky), Hotel Amdursky (Abraham Neumann), the Lamel School (Batya Leschinsky, Ariel Allweil), etc.
In contrast to Jerusalem, the rapid development of the city of Tel Aviv during this decade, especially during the years of the Fourth Aliyah (1924-1931), allowed the rise of a community of artists with a modernist orientation, far removed from the historical baggage of the Holy City. This group quickly rejected the centrality of Jerusalem as the center of art. According to Yona Fischer, the exhibit of modern paintings mounted in the School for Boys in Jerusalem in 1926 marked the end of the competition between these two centers.
One of the first signs of artistic activity in Tel Aviv was the opening of a school of painting and architecture in 1923 in the home of Joseph Berlin on Gruzenberg Street. During this decade most of the major artists moved to Tel Aviv, especially those who returned from studying art in France and other places in Europe. Nevertheless, the “Bezalel” approach remained popular in architecture and architectural decoration. This was reflected in the adaptation of the “eclectic style,” in which many of the buildings in Tel Aviv of that period were designed. In most of them porcelain tiles were used, glazed in the Bezalel style, and reflecting the themes and the ideology and the decorative approach of that Jerusalem institution.
One of the major donors to the visual arts in Tel Aviv was Yaakov Pereman, who was the entrepreneur behind the founding of the artists’ cooperative “Ha-Tomer”. In 1920 Pereman opened “The First Art Exhibition in the Land of Israel”, at which various works were exhibited, including those of the artists of the cooperative. In 1921-1922 Pereman founded and managed Tel Aviv's first art gallery, called “The Permanent Art Exhibition in the Land of Israel” in the exhibition hall in Neve Sha’anan. In this gallery many modernistic works, which Pereman brought from Eastern Europe, were exhibited, along with modernistic works by Land of Israel artists and works by artists from the “Bezalel” school as well. According to Batia Donner, “Pereman’s gallery activity was both an augmentation of and an alternative to the ‘Bezalel’ activity".
On January 14, 1926, an exhibition entitled “Exhibition of Modern Artists” opened in a shed of the “Ha-Ohel” (The Tent) Theater. The poet Avraham Shlonsky gave a speech at the opening of the exhibition in which he suggested that the opening was a seminal event in the evolution of Jewish culture: “I recommend a substitute for God: the exhibition that is taking place in ‘Ha-Ohel’. A new synagogue needs to be found; that is, in place of God, we'll be standing there. Let the poet be found in the sphere of the painter, and the painter in the sphere of the musician. And ‘Ha-Ohel’ can serve as a substitute for God in the synagogue of art.” This exhibition, and two additional exhibitions held in “Ha-Ohel” before 1928, was perceived by Israeli art critics as the event that established the hegemony of Tel Aviv in the country's cultural life.
At the end of 1929, an exhibition of art by the group known as “Egged” (The Amalgamation), which took place in an apartment on Allenby Street in Tel Aviv, and which exhibited works by artists such as Sionah Tagger, Chana Orloff, Reuven Rubin, and others. Another exhibition held in Tel Aviv during this period under the name “Massad” (The Base") exhibited younger artists, including Aaron Priver, Menahem Shemi, Israel Paldi, Avigdor Stematsky, etc.
Modernism in the Land of Israel During the 1920s
During the 1920s many of the young artists in the Land of Israel were exposed to modern art. Only a small minority of the artists immigrated to the Land of Israel from Eastern Europe with a previous exposure to European avant-garde art. Others went for a limited period to study in Europe, primarily in France, which was considered the center of art at the time, but also in Germany and other places.
The various modernist influences included postmodernist influences with regard to color and the way it is applied to the canvas, along with the moderating influences of Cubism and Expressionism, as well as a tendency to Primitivism. In contrast to the European artists, only a tiny minority of the artists in the Land of Israel leaned toward the avant-garde and the abstract in their works. The general mood demanded that they express the realistic experience of life in the Land of Israel, combining East and West in their work.
Among the outstanding artists of the period was the sculptor Abraham Melnikov. Melnikov suggested a different lexicon of forms, taken from ancient Eastern art instead of the art forms imported from Europe, and in accordance with the reigning philosophy in Bezalel during the time of Schatz and Lilien. “For generations”, Melnikoff wrote, “the Jews have been cut off from figurative art, and there are many reasons for this, but the main reason is that the foundations of European art are Greco-Roman […] and whenever Athens was the Only source of European art, the Jews instinctively watched from the side”.
"Land of Israel School", or "The Land of Israel Style," was established by a group of artists who inserted into their works symbols of the reality of the Land of Israel, which could also be interpreted as mystical symbols. In their works we see depictions of the Land of Israel wilderness, full of desert foliage and images drawn from Eastern exoticism. Many of the depictions are of Arab or Middle Eastern figures, which are shown to have a direct connection with Land of Israel nature or with the Land of Israel of the Bible.
In works such as "Woman Carrying a Sheaf" (1926) and "Resting at Noon" (1926) by Nachum Gutman, Middle Eastern figures working at nature-related activities are depicted. The style of the painting emphasizes their monumentality and sensuality. A similar style can be seen in the work of Israel Paldi, "Arab Sailors" (1928), which depicts a group of sailors in a fishing boat heroically fighting the waves. The composition of the painting, which reduces the view to the boat, also emphasizes the monumentality of the figures. Pinchas Litvinovsky's painting "Arab with Flower" (1926) combines a style that is modernist in the structure of its composition and its flat spaces, and romantic in its depiction of the Middle East and the Middle Eastern. In the works of Reuven Rubin we see, alongside the Middle Eastern figures, depictions of the way of life of the Jews of the Land of Israel as well. In his paintings such as "Sophie" (1924) or "Dancers of Meron" (1926), then tendency to flatness and decorativeness is very evident. In these works Rubin identifies Land of Israel Jewishness with Middle Eastern rootedness, as manifested by a large number of Yemenite or Arab figures, or by images of the Land of Israel landscape or foliage.
Even in the 1920s this type of art was the object of criticism. Uri Zvi Greenberg, for example, rejected the symbolic depiction which could be seen in the works of many artists of the time. In Greenberg's view, these artists were simply providing illustrations for the literary subject – the exotic Middle Easterner – for whom the artist "dragged the Arab from the market and his donkey by the ear to the canvas". The artist Chaim Gliksberg in 1923 also described the misuse of this motif by the artists: "Our paintings shocked the world, covered huge canvases, were illustrations painted in the decorative style without any attempt at solving artistic problems, since the main thing was the subject and the content: the external depiction of the Land of Israel. The canvas and the paint served only as the means to all this: it's no wonder that they considered everyone who put a pioneer, a camel, a donkey, or an Arab village on canvas, as an Israeli artist".
One of the artists who rejected the symbolic representation of the Land of Israel was Joseph Zaritsky. His works during this period included a large number of watercolor landscapes in light colors. His artistic work gradually became more free in its style. In works such as “Jerusalem Habashim Gate” (1923), you can still see a desire for a meticulous description of nature, but his later works show an expressive tendency in the creation of their composition; examples of this can be seen in the painting “Haifa, The Technion” (1924), or in the work “Jerusalem, Nahalat Shiva” (1924), in which Zaritsky uses trees as an expressive device for dividing the format into distinct areas. The use of lines as a means of expression stands out also in his landscapes depicting the houses of Jerusalem or Safed of that era.
Among the group of artists who were influenced by French Modernism we can see a combination of the influences of Cubism and realism. For example, in Sionah Tagger's painting, “The Train Passing Through Neve Tzedek” (1928), the tendency to geometric description stands out in monochromatic painted surfaces which combine with a realistic depiction of the urbanity of the developing city of Tel Aviv. In the works of Chana Orloff and Arieh Lubin, perhaps more than in any other artists of the period, we can see the influence of synthetic Cubism and of the tendency toward the use of geometric forms.
References
Israeli art
Israeli culture
1920s in Mandatory Palestine
1920s in art |
Protests and uprisings in Tibet against the government of the People's Republic of China have occurred since 1950, and include the 1959 uprising, the 2008 uprising, and the subsequent self-immolation protests.
Over the years the Tibetan government in exile, the Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), has shifted the goal of its resistance stance from attempting measured cooperation with autonomy, to demanding full independence, to seeking "genuine autonomy for all Tibetans living in the three traditional provinces of Tibet within the framework of the People's Republic of China". However, not all exiled Tibetans are content with pursuing the current CTA policy of the Middle Way Approach and many expressed their frustration in 2008, against the Dalai Lama's wishes, by agitating for independence.
With the 14th Dalai Lama announcing his retirement from political life just before the April 2011 elections for Sikyong (Prime Minister) who will henceforth be Tibet's political leader, the nature of resistance may be moving into yet another phase, although the three leading candidates currently favor the Middle Way Approach.
Background
Isolated geography has naturally defined Tibet as a unique entity, however, its governance and political status have been in flux for centuries. The minor kingdoms and tribal states of the region were first united under Songtsen Gampo to form the Tibetan Empire in the seventh century CE. Under the influence of his Chinese bride and first Nepali wife Bhrikuti, the Emperor converted to Buddhism and established it as the religion of Tibet. An influx of Chinese culture, the Indian alphabet, and Buddhist monks followed, combining with the native customs and animistic religion Bön to give birth to what has become today's ethnic Tibetan people and Tibetan Buddhism, also known as Lamaism.
After the break-up of the Tibetan Empire in the mid-9th century, central rule was largely nonexistent over the region for 400 years. But Buddhism survived and when the Mongols conquered the region, Buddhism was adopted as the official religion of their empire. In 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty and Tibet remained a semi-autonomous entity within it. From the second half of the 14th century until the early 17th, Tibet was ruled by competing Buddhist schools. However, it was during this period that the Gelug order was founded in 1409 and the institution of the Dalai Lama was established in 1569 with the priest-patron relationship between the Altan Khan and the 3rd Dalai Lama (the first two were bestowed the title retroactively). The Dalai Lamas are said to be the reincarnates of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Avalokiteśvara.
It was when the 5th Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso succeeded in establishing the Ganden Phodrang government and Gelug supremacy in Tibet, with the help of the Güshi Khan of the Khoshut Khanate, that the post took on the dual role of political and religious leadership (however, the 9th–12th Dalai Lamas died before adulthood). After Lobsang Gyatso's mortal passing in 1682, which was kept a secret for 15 years, there was a period of anarchy and invasions that eventually led to the establishment of Qing protectorate over Tibet in 1720 that would reach its peak in the 1790s in response to attacks by Nepal, be renewed in 1903 when the British invaded, and would last until 1912. Tibet became independent with the demise of the Manchu Qing dynasty and would remain so until 1950.
Early resistance 1950-1958
In his essay Hidden Tibet: History of Independence and Occupation published by the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives at Dharamsala, S.L. Kuzmin, quoting the memoirs of Soviet diplomat A. M. Ledovsky, claims that on January 22, 1950, during his negotiations with Joseph Stalin in Moscow, Mao Zedong asked him to provide an aviation regiment because he was preparing to advance towards Tibet. Stalin approved these preparations and provided military support with Soviet pilots and airfield personnel dressed in Chinese clothes, because this aid was illegal. In 1950, the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China (PRC) entered Tibet and the US government made contact with the Dalai Lama's brother Gyalo Thondup, who was living in India, to offer US help, which was rejected. In May 1951, a delegation representing the 14th Dalai Lama, 15 years old at the time, and led by Ngapoi Ngawang Jigmei, traveled to Beijing to be presented with the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, which established a PRC sovereignty over Tibet: assuming responsibility for Tibet's external affairs while leaving the domestic governance to the Lhasa government and assuring religious freedoms. The treaty was signed by the Lhasa delegation and the 10th Panchen Lama, who had already switched his loyalty to the PRC after flirting with the Kuomintang and conspiring against the central Tibetan government, which still refused to recognize him as the true Panchen Llama. Later there would be much controversy over the validity of the agreement stemming from claims it was signed under threat of arms and disagreements about whether the delegates had the authority to sign.
But at the time, in Lhasa, the Kutra aristocrats mingled with Chinese officials and prospered from this association. Mixed parties were thrown throughout the year and even by the Dalai Lama himself. The burden on farmers and peasants of supplying the troops with food led to shortages and rising prices, coupled with influenza and smallpox outbreaks, weighted heavy on the majority of Tibetans, who were only marginally surviving before. Protests called "people's assemblies" began in Lhasa, where organizers sent letters of grievances to the government and posted anti-Chinese slogans in public places. The leaders were promptly arrested and the protests stifled.(106–108)
In early 1952, Thondup returned to Lhasa with an economic reform plan that would include lowering taxes and land reform. With the Dalai Lama in agreement, Thondup went about implementing the reforms only to meet with strong resistance from the wealthy old guard who labeled him a radical communist. The label sparked the interests of the Chinese who invited him to Beijing to study, but instead he fled back to India, where he began working with the CIA to form and train a Tibetan insurgency. Again the US tried to convince the Dalai Lama to do the same with an offer of "full aid and assistance", but he refused.
The Dalai Lama saw the need to modernize Tibet and was open to Marxism.
On the Tibetan leader's journey home from his year in China, Khampa and Amdowa clan leaders informed his chief of staff of their plans to rebel against the Chinese in retribution for land confiscation and attacks on monasteries. But all was relatively quiet in Lhasa and in April 1956 he received a Chinese delegation to inaugurate the Preparatory Committee for the Autonomous Region of Tibet: a 51-man committee composed mostly of Tibetans. Meanwhile, open rebellion began with the massacre of a Communist garrison in Kham which left an estimated 800 Chinese dead, sparking air strikes that killed more Tibetans. In addition, the CIA met with the Dalai Lama's two brothers Thubten Jigme Norbu and Gyalo Thondup in India and offered to train a pilot group of six Khampas in guerrilla warfare and radio communications in Saipan. They were smuggled out of Tibet and would later be parachuted back in to train others and to report back to the CIA on the insurgency's progress and needs.
According to the Dalai Lama, his visit to India in November 1956, during which he met with Tibetan "freedom fighters" which included two of his elder brothers, "spoiled good relations with China." The exiles encouraged him to stay and join their fight for independence but Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru warned him that India could not offer support. Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, who was also in Delhi, assured him of Mao's decision to postpone for six years further reforms in Tibet. Both Nehru and Enlai counseled the Lama to return to Lhasa.
Although the Chinese let up on reforms, they continued military operations in the areas in rebellion, causing thousands of refugees to gather around Lhasa. In July 1957, the Dalai Lama hosted a large ceremony in the Potala Palace, during which he accepted a golden throne and petition from representatives of the Chushi Gangdruk Tibetan resistance movement, and in return gave them a blessing touch on their foreheads, and issued them with a talisman. They would soon become a 5,000-man strong "Defenders of the Faith Volunteer Army" under the leadership of Gompo Tashi Andrugtsang that would struggle against the Chinese for years. However, in September 1957 when the first two CIA trainees dropped into Tibet to deliver a message from the CIA offering support to the Tibetan leader, it was refused. The second drop of four men was disastrous: only one managed to escape alive. Meanwhile, by 1958 Gompo's army was doing quite well taking control of large portions of central Tibet.
1959 Tibetan uprising
"By sunset on March 9 [1959] thousands of men, women, children started to gather outside the walls of the Summer Palace." On March 10, 1959, the crowd surrounded the summer palace in response to fear that the Communist Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) were planning to arrest the Dalai Lama at "a theatrical performance at the Chinese military camp at Silling-Bhuk." The people were determined not to allow the Dalai Lama to leave Norbulingka palace. Some members of the crowd directed aggression at Tibetan officials that were thought to be Chinese collaborators. Tenpa Soepa, who was staying at a house on the night of March 10 near Norbulingka said, "When I arrived at the gate I found Kalon Sampho lying on the ground unconscious." Sampho, "...had arrived at Norbulinka [sic] in a car with his Chinese bodyguard. They got out of their car and when the crowd saw the Chinese guard they began throwing stones." "Phakpalha Khenchung ...had been killed by the protestors. He was a government official, and it was rumored that he had a very close relationship with the Chinese." PLA General Tan Kuan-sen considered the Dalai Lama to be in danger and offered him refuge if he could make it to the Chinese camp. He declined the offer. A week into the fighting, the general ordered two mortar rounds shot toward the palace. At that point, the Dalai Lama decided the time had come to slip out over the mountains, with a very small party, arriving a few days later at the Indian border. He was granted asylum by the Nehru government with the stipulation that he would not engage in politics on Indian soil. Meanwhile, Enlai dissolved the Tibetan government and appointed the Preparatory Committee for the Founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region to take its place. In 1959, Tenpa Soepa and other prisoners of war near Toema in Amdo said, "Along the road we could see why our guards were so jumpy. We saw many burnt-out guardposts and even some tanks that were destroyed by Tibetan guerillas. This was Amdo, where the guerrilla war had gone on for years."
Once in exile, the Dalai Lama's discourse changed from cooperative autonomy to independence. He cited the 17-Point Agreement as proof of Tibet's claim to sovereignty, while at the same time he declared it void because the Chinese had violated it and because, he claimed, it had been signed under duress. He also made clear that he was in favor of economic, social and political reforms, but that the Chinese had not acted in good faith. He closed his first press conference in India in April 1959 by subtly establishing the government-in-exile by declaring, "wherever I am accompanied by my Government, the Tibetan people will recognize such as the Government of Tibet." The UN General Assembly responded by passing three resolutions in the first half of the decade calling for "respect for the fundamental human rights of the Tibetan people and for their distinctive cultural and religious life" and recognising the right of the Tibetan people to self-determination. The US responded differently.
As he was announcing his whereabouts, the Khampa rebels were met by massive Chinese forces and were nearly obliterated. While they spent several months regrouping, the US failed to form a coalition of nations willing to recognize the Tibetan government-in-exile or even to find countries who would host the Dalai Lama on a tour to explain his cause.
Tibetan resistance 1958-1973
Already in July 1958, air drops of arms to the Chushi Gangdruk Tibetan resistance movement had begun, the CIA had relocated Tibetan guerrilla trainees to Camp Hale in Colorado, USA (where a Tibetan community still resides today) and parachute dispatch officers had been recruited from among the Montana US Forest Service smoke jumpers (who became known as the "Missoula Mafia"). But according to Thundrop, the Dalai Lama did not know about CIA involvement until he reached India.
In autumn, the CIA parachuted four groups of Camp Hale trainees inside Tibet. The first was met by Chinese and the men fled for their lives. Two groups arrived safely and even facilitated successful arms drops, but the Chinese caught on and within a month all but a few of the team members and thousands of Khampa families were massacred. The CIA guerrilla training failed to take into account that the Khampa warriors travelled with family and livestock in tow. The fourth group had about the same luck. They arrived, received arms drops, were joined by two more teams, but in February 1960 the Chinese killed them along with another 4,000 rebel fighters and their parties. One last group was dropped in 1961, but all but one were killed only three months after landing. The survivor was captured and as he says, tortured, until he told the entire story of Colorado. He was released from prison in 1979.
At the proposal of Thundop and Gompo Tashi in early 1960, a Tibetan guerrilla base was established in Mustang, Nepal, where some 2,000 mostly ethnic Khampa amassed in such a disorderly fashion that the first year was a challenge for survival given that the US could not get food supplies to them due to a suspension of overflights stemming from the U-2 incident. By spring 1961, Mustang guerrilla units had begun raids along a 250-mile stretch inside Tibet. In addition, some 12,000 Tibetans eventually joined the Special Frontier Force that manned the Sino-Indian border. But as the years passed without any bases established inside Tibet, US enthusiasm over the Mustang fighters dwindled and already sparse and insufficient arms drops ceased in 1965, leaving an aging and barely armed guerrilla force in dire straits. The 25 small teams of Colorado-trained Tibetans who were sent into Tibet from 1964 to 1967 on fact-finding missions had no better luck. Only two were able to operate in-country for more than two months, finding no support from compatriots.
Meanwhile, the CIA provided the government-in-exile money to open offices in Geneva and New York, to arrange for resettlement of Tibetan orphans in Switzerland, and to educate a few dozen Tibetans at Cornell University.
By the time Nixon came to the White House, the CIA had already informed Thundrop that they were terminating support. (296) Years later, he would have this to say about the affair:
According to author and scholar Carole McGranahan of the University of Colorado, today the history of the Tibetan resistance is purposefully down-played, uncelebrated, and even ignored by the Tibetan government in exile as it does not fit well into the global image it wishes to project and the current official position of seeking a peaceful coexistence with China.
Middle Way Approach 1973
According to the office of the Dalai Lama the essence of the Middle Way Approach seeks coexistence based on equality and mutual co-operation. It is a:
The seeds of the Middle Way Approach were sown in the early 1970s in a series of internal government and external consultations. The Dalai Lama was encouraged in 1979 when Deng Xiaoping told his brother Gyalo Thondup that "except independence, all other issues can be resolved through negotiations". The Dalai Lama agreed to pursue negotiations for a mutually beneficial and peaceful resolution rather than fighting to restore independence. He sent three fact finding missions into Tibet and wrote Deng Xiaoping a long personal letter before his representatives traveled to Beijing in 1982 to open negotiations. However, they reported that their Chinese counterparts were not interested in discussing the situation in Tibet, only the personal status and future of the 14th Dalai Lama. Nevertheless, during the 1980s, the Dalai Lama would send 6 delegations to China. In 1987, before the U.S. Congressional Human Rights Caucus the Dalai Lama unveiled the Five Point Peace Plan as a "first step towards a lasting solution".
Transformation of the whole of Tibet into a zone of peace;
Abandonment of China's population transfer policy which threatens the very existence of the Tibetans as a people;
Respect for the Tibetan people's fundamental human rights and democratic freedoms;
Restoration and protection of Tibet's natural environment and the abandonment of China's use of Tibet for the production of nuclear weapons and dumping of nuclear waste;
Commencement of earnest negotiations on the future status of Tibet and of relations between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples.
The next year, the Dalai Lama addressed the European Parliament and offered what was later called the Strasbourg Proposal 1988, which elaborated on the Middle Way Approach and a vision of reconciliation, resembling what some historians say was a suzerainty relationship between China and Tibet. The proposal basically calls for the establishment of a democratic Tibet with complete sovereignty over its domestic affairs and non-political foreign affairs, with China retaining its responsibility for Tibet's foreign policy and maintaining its military presence temporarily.
The periodic meetings between the Central Tibetan Administration's envoys and the Chinese government were, Tundrop felt, "like one hand clapping" and so the CTA suspended them in 1994. They resumed at the pace of one per year between 2002 and 2008. In 2008, at the 8th round of talks, CTA envoys presented a document called Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy for the Tibetan People and a Note in response to Chinese government's statement asking what degree of autonomy is being sought by Tibetans. The Memorandum states that "in order for the Tibetan nationality to develop and flourish with its distinct identity, culture and spiritual tradition through the exercise of self-government on the above mentioned 11 basic Tibetan needs, the entire community, comprising all the areas currently designated by the PRC as Tibetan autonomous areas, should be under a single administrative entity. It further mentions that "bringing all the Tibetans currently living in designated Tibetan autonomous areas within a single autonomous administrative unit is entirely in accordance with the constitutional (Chinese) principle contained in Article 4, also reflected in the Law on Regional National Autonomy LRNA (Article 2), that "regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority nationalities live in concentrated communities."
According to Central Tibetan Administration, the Middle Way Approach enjoys widespread support from the international community. In 2008, a group of 29 Chinese dissidents urged Beijing to open direct dialogue with Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama. In June 2012, the European parliament in Strasbourg passed a resolution commending the new CTA leadership for its commitment to resolve the issue of Tibet through Middle Way Approach. US President Barack Obama after meeting with Dalai lama on 21 February 2014, issued a statement applauding the Dalai Lama's commitment to non-violence and dialogue with China and his pursuit of Middle Way Approach.
On 5 June 2014, Central Tibetan Administration launched an international awareness campaign on the Middle Way Approach. According to CTA, the campaign was to counter Chinese government's deliberate attempts to spread misinformation on the Middle Way Approach. During the campaign, CTA created a series of documents, website, documentary film and social media handles.
More recently in 2018, a delegation of the European Parliament expressed support for the Middle Way Approach. In 2019, a Senator of the Canadian Parliament and the U.S. Department of State's Report on International Religious Freedom issued calls of support for the Middle Way Approach as a sustainable solution for resolving the ongoing religious and human rights violations in Tibet.
Criticism
The Middle Way Approach was criticized in 2014 by American historian Elliot Sperling as a part of a "self-delusion" based on a hope that the approach was for and would gain independence.
Uprisings and protests 1987-1989
A series of pro-independence protests that took place between September 1987 and March 1989 in the Tibetan areas in the People's Republic of China: Sichuan, Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai, and the Tibetan prefectures in Yunnan and Gansu. The largest demonstrations began on March 5, 1989 in the Tibetan capital of Lhasa, when a group of monks, nuns, and laypeople took to the streets as the 30th anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan uprising approached. Police and security officers attempted to put down the protests, but as tensions escalated an even greater crowd of protesters amassed. After three days of violence, martial law was declared on March 8, 1989, and foreign journalists and tourists were expelled from Tibet on March 10. Reports of deaths and military force being used against protesters were prominent. Numbers of the dead are unknown.
2008 protests and uprisings
Sporadic and isolated outbursts by Tibetans against the Chinese continued especially during the unrest between September 1987 until March 1989 in the Tibetan areas of the PRC. But it wasn't until 2008 that a large-scale and coordinated uprising erupted coinciding with international protests accompanying the Olympics torch relay that would end in Beijing where the 2008 Summer Olympics were held.
During the annual observance of both the 1959 Tibetan Uprising Day and the escape of the 14th Dalai Lama to India, monks from two different monasteries began marches into Lhasa on 10 March. Peaceful street protests and demonstrations grew, and were met by excessive force from Chinese police and military units on 14 March. Crowd control, shootings, beatings and arrests escalated the tensions, eventually setting off clashes between thousands of Tibetans in the Ramoche section of Lhasa and Chinese security forces. The clashes spread to include arson. Reports indicate more than 1200 Chinese shops, offices, and residences were burned, and fire was set to nearly 100 cars, including police vehicles. Monks were arrested at monasteries, and the number of Tibetans killed varies between 140 and 219 deaths. Other Tibetans were arrested, and Amnesty International reports 1000 Tibetans remained "unaccounted for" by June. The paramilitary People's Armed Police were sent in and 50-100 Tibetans were killed. The international community condemned the suppression of the protests, which spread through the Tibetan plateau. Other reports on the clashes estimate among Han settlers, 22 were dead and 325 injured. Damage was estimated at $40 million USD. In the Gansu Province, another demonstration by 400 monks was met with Chinese security forces, igniting a clash by more than 5000 Tibetans who again burned down the establishments of local Han and Hui settlers before the forces arrived.
The Tibetan chairman of the TAR government Jampa Phuntsok, who was in Beijing at the time, told the foreign press that security personnel in Lhasa had shown great restraint and did not use lethal force. However, it was the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party who was dispatched to Tibet to deal with the situation and the Tibetan officials remained in other provinces. Eventually 90 locations erupted in protests. Their common slogans and Tibetan flags indicated desires for independence or autonomy. China’s stranglehold on Tibet and its brutal suppression of separatist activity has continued in the decades following the unsuccessful uprising.
Simultaneously, in India a coalition of Tibetan exile organizations- Tibetan Youth Congress (YTC), Tibetan Women's Association, Tibetan political prisoners' movement, Students for a Free Tibet and National Democratic Party of Tibet- calling itself the Tibetan People's Uprising Movement (TPUM) struck out on a "Return March to Tibet" on March 10. Carrying Tibetan flags and calling for independence, they planned to reach Tibet on foot just in time for the opening of the Olympic Games. Both India and Nepal reminded the Dalai Lama that the Tibetans' welcome in the area was predicated on the agreement of no anti-China political maneuvers from their territories. The Dharamsala government met with the marchers. When it was clear that the marchers would continue their trek, they were arrested by state authorities in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand on March 28.
On March 24, 2008 the Olympic Torch Relay began its 137,000 km route. Tibetan exiles and supporters in Paris, London, San Francisco, New Delhi, Islamabad, and Jakarta, Seoul, etc. used the event to stage protests. In some places they were met by local Chinese and other counter-protesters. The fiasco caused the International Olympic Committee to ban international Torch Relay in the future.
The Chinese government blamed the "Dalai clique" for the uprising, the march and the Olympic protests and called TYC a terrorist organization prepared to initiate guerrilla warfare once across the border. The PRC published articles denouncing the various historical plots and activities of the Tibetan exiles as well as US funding to Tibetan activists through the National Endowment for Democracy.
The Dalai Lama denied that his government had anything to do with the Olympic protests and said that he did not advocate a boycott of the games. He called on demonstrators to refrain from any violence, and gave interviews clarifying that his goals were not currently to seek independence from China. The Dalai Lama threatened to resign over TPUM disobedience to the official policy of non-violence and genuine Tibetan autonomy. In the end, international pressure finally led PRC representatives to renew unofficial talks with their Dharamsala counterparts.
Self-immolations 2009-Present
As of July 2020, 156 monks, nuns, and ordinary people self-immolated in Tibet since 27 February 2009 when Tapey, a young monk from Kirti Monastery set himself on fire in the marketplace in Ngawa City, Ngawa County, Sichuan. Some of the protesters who set themselves on fire were teenagers. Most such incidents have taken place in Sichuan province, especially around the Kirti Monastery in Ngawa City, Ngawa County, Sichuan, others in Gansu and Qinghai provinces and Tibet Autonomous Region. Self-immolation protests by Tibetans also occurred in India and Kathmandu, Nepal. In 2011 a wave of self-immolations by Tibetans in China, India and Nepal occurred after the Phuntsog self-immolation incident of March 16, 2011 in Ngawa County, Sichuan. The Dalai Lama has said he does not encourage the protests, but he has praised the courage of those who engage in self-immolation and blamed the self-immolations on "cultural genocide" by the Chinese. Premier Wen Jiabao said that such extreme actions hurt social harmony and that Tibet and the Tibetan areas of Sichuan are integral parts of Chinese territory. According to The Economist, the self-immolations have caused the government's attitude to harden.
Self-immolations by Tibetans protesting Chinese domination of Tibet have had a greater impact than earlier protests; despite considerable loss of life during the Tibetan protests in 2008 on the part of both the Tibetan and Han population in Tibet, casualties were simply not reported by the Chinese government. Self-immolations, on the other hand, result in dramatic images of the protester while burning or afterwards which can be easily transmitted over the internet to news media and supporters. Internet access has reached even remote areas in the parts of China where Tibetans live.
Tibetan-Muslim sectarian violence
In Tibet, the majority of Muslims are Hui people. Tension between Tibetans and Muslims stems from events during the Muslim warlord Ma Bufang's rule in Qinghai such as Ngolok rebellions (1917–49) and the Sino-Tibetan War. In the past riots have broken out between Muslims and Tibetans. The repression of Tibetan separatism by the Chinese government is supported by Hui Muslims. In addition, Chinese-speaking Hui have problems with Tibetan Hui (the Tibetan speaking Kache minority of Muslims).
The front gate of the main mosque in Lhasa was burned down by Tibetan rioters attempting to storm the building while Chinese Hui Muslim shops and restaurants were destroyed in the 2008 Tibetan unrest. Sectarian violence between Tibetan Buddhists and Muslims does not get widespread attention in the media.
Dalai Lama resigns political leadership role
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, officially announced retirement from his role as the political leader of the Central Tibetan Administration in March 2011 just before elections were to take place to choose the next prime minister, which would become the highest ranking political office of the CTA. He had talked about doing so at least since 2008. In a press conference in December 2010, the Dalai Lama stated that the "400 year-old tradition" of the Dalai Lama serving as spiritual and political leader had already been terminated in 2001, after which the CTA's elected political leadership had been carrying out the administrative responsibilities. The Dalai Lama jokingly added that therefore, he had been in semi-retirement for a decade.
The Chinese government called the retirement a "political show" and said that the CTA is illegal and any moves will not be recognized. Kate Saunders of the International Campaign for Tibet speculated that governments who have found it politically troublesome for them to deal with the Dalai Lama as a political-religious leader may now be able to forge a formal relationship with him as a purely religious leader.
Dr. Lobsang Sangay, a Fulbright scholar and graduate of Harvard Law School who was born in a refugee camp in India in 1968 and who has never visited Tibet, was named Prime Minister of the CTA on April 27, 2011. He announced that he would spend his first five-year tenure in Dharamsala, India, the seat of the CTA. There he will not only assume the administrative responsibilities held by the previous PM, but will succeed the Dalai Lama as the political leader of the Tibetan cause, thus ignoring the PRC insistence that the Dalai Lama be succeeded by means of reincarnation, not another method of selection. Sangay, who once was a militant of the Tibetan Youth Congress, a group that unequivocally supports Tibetan independence, says he has matured and now supports the Middle Way Approach. Only about 80,000 Tibetans, half of the registered exile population, were eligible to vote because those living in Nepal were prevented by their host country from participating. The 6 million Tibetans inside Tibet and China did not participate. It is unknown if an exile government not led by the Dalai Lama, who was legitimated by religious tradition, will be viable.
Meanwhile, the Dalai Lama continues resisting Chinese domination over Tibetan culture and religion by describing China's policies as "some kind of policy, some kind of cultural genocide is taking place". China is also attempting to ensure that after leaving this lifetime, the Dalai Lama's Avalokiteshvara reincarnates meet China's approval: China has declared that the next Dalai Lama must be born in China, thereby excluding anyone born outside their political control. The Dalai Lama has refused to be reborn in China and has suggested that perhaps the bodhisattva of compassion will simply choose not to return to earth after this lifetime.
Since tradition dictates that only the Dalai Lamas can recognize the incarnations of the Panchen Lamas, who in turn can recognize the incarnations of Avalokiteshvara, the recognition of both the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama incarnates are China's political objective. In the 11th Panchen Lama controversy, the Dalai Lama recognized Gedhun Choekyi Nyima in 1995, who was then forcibly disappeared from public three days later, along with his family, when he was 6 years old. The Chinese government says that he is under state protection, but has refused all requests from human rights organizations, including the UN Human Rights Council, to supply any proof of this. The Chinese government subsequently named their own Panchen Lama Gyaincain Norbu, installed at Tashilhunpo Monastery, who was recently appointed to the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
See also
Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
Antireligious campaigns in China
Censorship in China
History of Tibet (1950–present)
Human rights in China
Racism in China
Sinicization of Tibet
Tibetan independence movement
Tibetan sovereignty debate
Chushi Gangdruk
1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
2008 Tibetan unrest
Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China
Kirti Monastery's recent events
Special Frontier Force
East Turkestan independence movement
References
Further reading
14th Dalai Lama (1991). Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of The Dalai Lama. HarperOne.
Hilton, Isabel (1999). The Search For The Panchen Lama. W. W. Norton & Company.
Knaus, John Kenneth (2000). Orphans Of The Cold War America And The Tibetan Struggle For Survival. PublicAffairs.
Ardley, Jane (2002). The Tibetan Independence Movement: Political, Religious and Gandhian Perspectives. Routledge. .
Dunham, Mikel (2004). Buddha's Warriors: The Story of the CIA-Backed Tibetan Freedom Fighters, the Chinese Invasion and the Ultimate Fall of Tibet. Penguin Group.
Department of Information and International Relations (2008). Uprising in Tibet: Chronology and Analysis. Central Tibetan Administration.
Smith, Warren W. Jr. (2009). Tibet's Last Stand?: The Tibetan Uprising of 2008 and China's Response. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
McGranahan, Carole (2010). Arrested Histories: Tibet, the CIA, and Memories of a Forgotten War. Duke University Press Books.
Conboy, Kenneth J. and James Morrison (2011). The CIA's Secret War in Tibet. University Press of Kansas.
External links
Uprising Archive: An archive dedicated to the 2008 uprising in Tibet
The Shadow Circus: The CIA in Tibet (1998) BBC/White Crane Productions. (Most of the film can be found on YouTube, but they are subtitled in Chinese so only the interviews with CIA personnel are in English.)
Protests in China
Rebellions in China
Tibetan independence movement
History of Tibet
History of the People's Republic of China
Politics of Tibet
Violence against indigenous peoples |
Maurice (stylized as Måurice) is a restaurant in Portland, Oregon.
Description
The bakery and restaurant has been described as a "French-Scandinavian" and "French-Nordic" luncheonette. The menu includes goat-filled bisteeya (meat pies) and polenta clafouti with confit chicken heart. Dessert options include black pepper cheesecake, creme brulee pops, and rhubarb and celery leaf cheese.
History
Kristen Murray opened in the restaurant in December 2013. She raised $40,000 via Kickstarter to support the launch. Murray launched a regular prix-fixe brunch in 2014, and Sunday brunch in 2018.
Reception
In 2014, the Portland Mercury Andrea Damewood wrote, "This isn't your fattyboombatty Cheesecake Factory fare." The Oregonian Michael Russell rated the restaurant 2.5 out of 3 stars. Maurice was included in Bon Appetit "America's Best New Restaurants 2014" list, and ranked number 9 in the magazine's "Hot 10" list. In 2017, food critic Ruth Reichl called Maurice "the quintessential Portland restaurant".
Murray was nominated in the Best Chef: Northwest and Pacific category of the 2020 James Beard Awards for her work at Maurice. Michelle Lopez and Brooke Jackson-Glidden included the restaurant in Eater Portland 2021 list of "Outstanding Bakeries in Portland and Beyond". Alex Frane and Jackson-Glidden also included Maurice in the website's 2021 list of "11 Charming French Restaurants in Portland". Jackson-Glidden also included the restaurant in the site's 2021 list of "The 38 Essential Restaurants and Food Carts in Portland". The business was included in Eater Portland's 2022 overview of "Where to Eat and Drink in Downtown Portland".
See also
List of French restaurants
List of Scandinavian restaurants
References
External links
2013 establishments in Oregon
French restaurants in Portland, Oregon
Restaurants established in 2013
Scandinavian restaurants in the United States
Southwest Portland, Oregon |
Kazi Zafarullah (born April 1947) is a Bangladeshi industrialist and Politician. He is the Presidium Member of Bangladesh Awami League its Central Executive Committee. He was Member of Parliament from Faridpur-5.
Early life
Zafarullah was born in April 1947, the eldest son of Kazi Mahbubullah and Begum Zebunnessa. He was educated at St Gregory's High School and Dhaka College, and has bachelor's and master's degrees in history from the University of Dhaka.
Career
Zafarullah was critically injured in the 2004 Dhaka grenade attack which targeted former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
In 2005, Zafarullah attended a meeting between Sheikh Hasina and the British High Commissioner to Bangladesh, Anwar Choudhury.
Zafarullah hosted a dinner for Pinak Ranjan Chakravarty, the newly appointed High Commissioner of India to Bangladesh, attended by diplomats and Awami League leaders on 1 February 2007. On 10 April, he criticized a case being filed against former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and called it a conspiracy. The joint forces arrested him from in front of his home in Gulshan Thana on 18 April 2007 on three cases. He was sent to jail on 20 April. He was freed on 11 December on bail but arrested from the gate of the jail again as he was leaving under state of emergency powers. On 16 January 2008, he received bail and was released from jail according to Deputy Inspector General (Prisons) Major Shamsul Haider Siddiqui. In 25 January, he was indicted in an extortion case filed by Gazi Golam Dastagir. Mohammad Noor Ali of Unique Group alleged he gave Sajeeb Wajed Joy, son of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, half a floor at the UTC building located on Panthapath and registered under Zafarullah's name as commission on MiG-29 purchase deal.
The Anti Corruption Commission pressed charges against Zafarullah in September 2008 for having 152.3 million taka beyond his known source of income and for hiding 70 million taka in his wealth statement submitted to the commission. He was also charged with money laundering 70 million taka.
On 11 February 2009, the Anti Corruption Commission cleared Zafarullah, his wife, two sons on corruption charges.
In 2013, it was reported that Zafarullah and his wife and other family members had created a network of offshore companies in the British Virgin Islands from 2006 to 2008. In 2014, he lost his seat as an MP to an independent candidate, Nixon Chowdhury. Chowdhury, who is related to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, received 98,300 votes while Zafarullah received 72,248 votes. Sheikh Hasina did not give the nimination to Nixon as he was an accused in the Padma Bridge graft scandal which he denied.
Zafarullah was nominated by Awami League to contest the 2018 election from Faridpur-4 and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina campaigned for him. He received 94,234 votes but lost the election to Nixon Chowdhury who received 144,179 votes.
Zafarullah is a presidium member of Awami League. In August 2022, he was part of a Awami League delegation that meet the Election Commission to discuss the upcoming national election.
Personal life
His wife, Nilufer Zafar, is also a member of parliament and chairman of Midland Bank. Zafarullah and his wife were named in the 2016 Panama Papers leak. His younger brother, Kazi Ekramullah, was a director of Midland Bank and a industrialist.
References
1947 births
Living people
8th Jatiya Sangsad members
Awami League politicians
Dhaka College alumni
St. Gregory's High School and College alumni |
Kao the Kangaroo (Polish: Kangurek Kao) is a series of platform video games developed and published by Polish studio Tate Multimedia.
Each game follow the adventures of the protagonist and titular character, Kao which is a young Australian kangaroo fitted with a boxing that have to travel by different environment 3D platform game full of fun exploration, adventure and mysteries.
Main series
Kao the Kangaroo (2000)
The first installment was published by Titus Interactive for Microsoft Windows on November 23, 2000. The Game Boy Advance version was released on December 11, 2001.
Kao the Kangaroo: Round 2 (2003)
A sequel to Kao the Kangaroo that was released on November 4, 2003, for Windows and on April 15, 2004, for Xbox, PlayStation 2, and GameCube.
Kao the Kangaroo: Mystery of the Volcano (2005)
A sequel to Kao the Kangaroo: Round 2 and the third mainline game in the Kao the Kangaroo series. The game was released exclusively for Windows on December 2, 2005. The plot is set on an island with a giant volcano. Kao gets new skills and five companions to help him on his way.
Kao the Kangaroo (2022)
Kao the Kangaroo was released on May 27, 2022. Kao returns after a 16-year hiatus and has to fight his way through enemies called "fighting masters" in search of his missing sister. The game was meant to keep the spirit of the original games, but have a more modern look.
Spin-offs
Kao the Kangaroo (GBA) (2001)
Is a 2D side scrolling game developed and released by Titus Interactive in December 2001 for the Game Boy Advance. Unlike the first Kao the Kangaro game for Windows and Dreamcast this is a 2D side scrolling platform game. You control Kao through twenty-seven levels.
Kao Challengers (2005)
Is an updated version of Kao the Kangaroo: Round 2 developed by Tate Interactive and published by Atari exclusive for the PlayStation Portable in October 2005 in Europe and March 2006 in North America. The game introduces a new world with four additional levels for the single-player mode and 2 new multiplayer modes.
Kao the Kangaroo Trilogy (2006)
A compilation of the three games called Kao The Kangaroo: The Trilogy a Miscellaneous game which contains Kao The Kangaroo, Kao The Kangaroo: Round 2 and Kao The Kangaroo: Mystery of the Volcano was released digitally on 2006, where you can follow the epic adventures of Kao The Kangaroo the cutest and bravest kangaroo of all video games.
References
Video game franchises
Animal superheroes
Video games about kangaroos and wallabies
Video games set in Australia
Australian outback
Video games set in jungles
Video games developed in Poland
Video game franchises introduced in 2000 |
Single nucleotide polymorphism annotation (SNP annotation) is the process of predicting the effect or function of an individual SNP using SNP annotation tools. In SNP annotation the biological information is extracted, collected and displayed in a clear form amenable to query. SNP functional annotation is typically performed based on the available information on nucleic acid and protein sequences.
Introduction
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play an important role in genome wide association studies because they act as primary biomarkers. SNPs are currently the marker of choice due to their large numbers in virtually all populations of individuals. The location of these biomarkers can be tremendously important in terms of predicting functional significance, genetic mapping and population genetics. Each SNP represents a nucleotide change between two individuals at a defined location. SNPs are the most common genetic variant found in all individual with one SNP every 100–300 bp in some species. Since there is a massive number of SNPs on the genome, there is a clear need to prioritize SNPs according to their potential effect in order to expedite genotyping and analysis.
Annotating large numbers of SNPs is a difficult and complex process, which need computational methods to handle such a large dataset. Many tools available have been developed for SNP annotation in different organisms: some of them are optimized for use with organisms densely sampled for SNPs (such as humans), but there are currently few tools available that are species non-specific or support non-model organism data. The majority of SNP annotation tools provide computationally predicted putative deleterious effects of SNPs. These tools examine whether a SNP resides in functional genomic regions such as exons, splice sites, or transcription regulatory sites, and predict the potential corresponding functional effects that the SNP may have using a variety of machine-learning approaches. But the tools and systems that prioritize functionally significant SNPs, suffer from few limitations: First, they examine the putative deleterious effects of SNPs with respect to a single biological function that provide only partial information about the functional significance of SNPs. Second, current systems classify SNPs into deleterious or neutral group.
Many annotation algorithms focus on single nucleotide variants (SNVs), considered more rare than SNPs as defined by their minor allele frequency (MAF). As a consequence, training data for the corresponding prediction methods may be different and hence one should be careful to select the appropriate tool for a specific purpose. For the purposes of this article, "SNP" will be used to mean both SNP and SNV, but readers should bear in mind the differences.
SNP annotation
For SNP annotation, many kinds of genetic and genomic information are used. Based on the different features used by each annotation tool, SNP annotation methods may be split roughly into the following categories:
Gene based annotation
Genomic information from surrounding genomic elements is among the most useful information for interpreting the biological function of an observed variant. Information from a known gene is used as a reference to indicate whether the observed variant resides in or near a gene and if it has the potential to disrupt the protein sequence and its function. Gene based annotation is based on the fact that non-synonymous mutations can alter the protein sequence and that splice site mutation may disrupt the transcript splicing pattern.
Knowledge based annotation
Knowledge base annotation is done based on the information of gene attribute, protein function and its metabolism. In this type of annotation more emphasis is given to genetic variation that disrupts the protein function domain, protein-protein interaction and biological pathway. The non-coding region of genome contain many important regulatory elements including promoter, enhancer and insulator, any kind of change in this regulatory region can change the functionality of that protein. The mutation in DNA can change the RNA sequence and then influence the RNA secondary structure, RNA binding protein recognition and miRNA binding activity,.
Functional annotation
This method mainly identifies variant function based on the information whether the variant loci are in the known functional region that harbor genomic or epigenomic signals. The function of non-coding variants are extensive in terms of the affected genomic region and they involve in almost all processes of gene regulation from transcriptional to post translational level
Transcriptional gene regulation
Transcriptional gene regulation process depends on many spatial and temporal factors in the nucleus such as global or local chromatin states, nucleosome positioning, TF binding, enhancer/promoter activities. Variant that alter the function of any of these biological processes may alter the gene regulation and cause phenotypic abnormality. Genetic variants that located in distal regulatory region can affect the binding motif of TFs, chromatin regulators and other distal transcriptional factors, which disturb the interaction between enhancer/silencer and its target gene.
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing is one of the most important components that show functional complexity of genome. Modified splicing has significant effect on the phenotype that is relevance to disease or drug metabolism. A change in splicing can be caused by modifying any of the components of the splicing machinery such as splice sites or splice enhancers or silencers. Modification in the alternative splicing site can lead to a different protein form which will show a different function. Humans use an estimated 100,000 different proteins or more, so some genes must be capable of coding for a lot more than just one protein. Alternative splicing occurs more frequently than was previously thought and can be hard to control; genes may produce tens of thousands of different transcripts, necessitating a new gene model for each alternative splice.
RNA processing and post transcriptional regulation
Mutations in the untranslated region (UTR) affect many post-transcriptional regulation. Distinctive structural features are required for many RNA molecules and cis-acting regulatory elements to execute effective functions during gene regulation. SNVs can alter the secondary structure of RNA molecules and then disrupt the proper folding of RNAs, such as tRNA/mRNA/lncRNA folding and miRNA binding recognition regions.
Translation and post translational modifications
Single nucleotide variant can also affect the cis-acting regulatory elements in mRNA’s to inhibit/promote the translation initiation. Change in the synonymous codons region due to mutation may affect the translation efficiency because of codon usage biases. The translation elongation can also be retarded by mutations along the ramp of ribosomal movement. In the post-translational level, genetic variants can contribute to proteostasis and amino acid modifications. However, mechanisms of variant effect in this field are complicated and there are only a few tools available to predict variant’s effect on translation related modifications.
Protein function
Non-synonymous is the variant in exons that change the amino acid sequence encoded by the gene, including single base changes and non frameshift indels. It has been extremely investigated the function of non-synonymous variants on protein and many algorithms have been developed to predict the deleteriousness and pathogenesis of single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Classical bioinformatics tools, such as SIFT, Polyphen and MutationTaster, successfully predict the functional consequence of non-synonymous substitution. PopViz webserver provides a gene-centric approach to visualize the mutation damage prediction scores (CADD, SIFT, PolyPhen-2) or the population genetics (minor allele frequency) versus the amino acid positions of all coding variants of a certain human gene. PopViz is also cross-linked with UniProt database, where the protein domain information can be found, and to then identify the predicted deleterious variants fall into these protein domains on the PopViz plot.
Evolutionary conservation and nature selection
Comparative genomics approaches were used to predict the function-relevant variants under the assumption that the functional genetic locus should be conserved across different species at an extensive phylogenetic distance. On the other hand, some adaptive traits and the population differences are driven by positive selections of advantageous variants, and these genetic mutations are functionally relevant to population specific phenotypes. Functional prediction of variants’ effect in different biological processes is pivotal to pinpoint the molecular mechanism of diseases/traits and direct the experimental validation.
List of available SNP annotation tools
To annotate the vast amounts of available NGS data, currently a large number of SNPs annotation tools are available. Some of them are specific to specific SNPs while others are more general. Some of the available SNPs annotation tools are as follows SNPeff, Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP), ANNOVAR, FATHMM, PhD-SNP, PolyPhen-2, SuSPect, F-SNP, AnnTools, SeattleSeq, SNPit, SCAN, Snap, SNPs&GO, LS-SNP, Snat, TREAT, TRAMS, Maviant, MutationTaster, SNPdat, Snpranker, NGS – SNP, SVA, VARIANT, SIFT, LIST-S2, PhD-SNP and FAST-SNP. The functions and approaches used in SNPs annotation tools are listed below.
Algorithms used in annotation tools
Variant annotation tools use machine learning algorithms to predict variant annotations. Different annotation tools use different algorithms. Common algorithms include:
Interval/Random forest-eg.MutPred, SNPeff
Neural networks-eg.SNAP
Support Vector Machines-e.g. PhD-SNP, SNPs&GO
Bayesian classification-eg.PolyPhen-2
Comparison of variant annotation tools
A large number of variant annotation tools are available for variant annotation. The annotation by different tools does not alway agree amongst each other, as the defined rules for data handling differ between applications. It is frankly impossible to perform a perfect comparison of the available tools. Not all tools have the same input and output nor the same functionality. Below is a table of major annotation tools and their functional area.
Application
Different annotations capture diverse aspects of variant function. Simultaneous use of multiple, varied functional annotations could improve rare variants association analysis power of whole exome and whole genome sequencing studies. Some tools have been developed to enable functionally-informed phenotype-genotype association analysis for common and rare variants by incorporating functional annotations in biobank-scale cohorts.
Conclusions
The next generation of SNP annotation webservers can take advantage of the growing amount of data in core bioinformatics resources and use intelligent agents to fetch data from different sources as needed. From a user’s point of view, it is more efficient to submit a set of SNPs and receive results in a single step, which makes meta-servers the most attractive choice. However, if SNP annotation tools deliver heterogeneous data covering sequence, structure, regulation, pathways, etc., they must also provide frameworks for integrating data into a decision algorithms, and quantitative confidence measures so users can assess which data are relevant and which are not.
References
Molecular biology
Bioinformatics
Genomics |
The Cyrus McCormick Farm and Workshop is on the family farm of inventor Cyrus Hall McCormick known as Walnut Grove. Cyrus Hall McCormick improved and patented the mechanical reaper, which eventually led to the creation of the combine harvester. The farm is near Steele's Tavern and Raphine, close to the northern border of Rockbridge and Augusta counties in the U.S. state of Virginia, and is currently a museum run by the Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station of Virginia Tech. The museum has free admission and covers of the initial farm.
History
The farm originally covered 532 acres with buildings centered on a scant 5 acres. On the farm eight out of the nine original buildings are still standing, many of which have been renovated since the farm was created in 1822 by Robert McCormick (1780–1846). The eight existing buildings include a grist mill, blacksmith shop, slave quarters, carriage house, manor house, smoke house, schoolroom, and housekeeper's quarters. In the original construction of the farm there was also an ice house which was demolished in the 1960s. Each of these different buildings played a specific role in the daily routine of the Cyrus McCormick farm. The grist mill, built prior to 1800, was used to grind wheat for flour. The blacksmith shop was used to build and repair all the farm implements needed by the McCormick family and was where Cyrus McCormick engineered his reaper. Slave quarters served as the home for the forty one slaves that the McCormick family owned. Furthermore, the carriage house was used as a garage for the carriages and other wheeled vehicles. The manor house is centrally located on the farm and was constructed of brick in 1822, making it the first building on the McCormick farm. Behind the brick manor house was the smoke house where meat was dried and smoked to preserve it through the winter. Refrigeration was not introduced until the late 19th century. The McCormick family also maintained a school on their property for neighboring children.
The McCormick Farm at Walnut Grove is known as the birthplace of the mechanical reaper, the predecessor to the combine harvester. Cyrus McCormick reportedly designed, built, and tested his reaper all within six weeks at Walnut Grove, although the design may have been merely an improvement upon the similar device developed by his father and his brother Leander over 20 years. Shortly after constructing his first reaper he went on to harvest his first crop with it later that year. After building his first reaper, Cyrus constantly went back to the drawing board to revise and improve his basic design, coming out with new models almost every decade.
After his father's death, Cyrus McCormick moved his base of operations from Rockbridge County, Virginia to Chicago, Illinois in 1847 because of the fertile prairie soil in the midwestern United States. In 1859, Cyrus was joined by his brothers Leander James McCormick and William Sanderson McCormick to form the company Cyrus H. McCormick and Brothers. By the end of the 19th century, McCormick's company had built a primitive combine, which could harvest grain even faster and cheaper than older reapers. Prior to inventing the reaper, farmers could only harvest a day; after the reaper was invented, farmers could harvest a day using less manual labor. The mechanical reaper did not require a family to toil all day to harvest crops. Instead, a single farmer merely operated the machine and the reaper would do the rest of the work. His work in mechanical reapers and harvesting techniques allowed farmers to cultivate plots of land bigger than ever thought possible.
In 1902, the company was merged with competitor Deering Harvester Company and (smaller ones) to form International Harvester.
Preservation
The farm remained in the McCormick family up to 1954, before being donated to Virginia Polytechnic Institute as an agricultural center and Farm Memorial. Currently, the schoolroom has vintage textbooks, toys, and other school supplies dating from the 1830s.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.
The farm is less than from the interchange of Raphine Road and Interstate 81, halfway between Lexington, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia.
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockbridge County, Virginia
References
External links
Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Research & Extension Center: McCormick Farm official site
McCormick Farm and Workship, one photo, at Virginia DHR
Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Research & Extension Center: McCormick Farm
Garden of Praise: CYRUS McCORMICK
Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
Museums in Rockbridge County, Virginia
Houses completed in 1822
Industrial buildings completed in 1809
Open-air museums in Virginia
Farm museums in Virginia
Mill museums in Virginia
McCormick
National Register of Historic Places in Rockbridge County, Virginia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
1822 establishments in Virginia
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
Blacksmith shops |
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Genuin may refer to:
Angelo Genuin (b. 1939), Italian ski mountaineer and cross-country skier
Magda Genuin (b. 1979), Italian cross country skier
GENUIN classics, the name of a Leipzig-based classical music label |
Letras Latinas is the literary initiative at the University of Notre Dame's Institute for Latino Studies (ILS), with an office on campus in South Bend, Indiana, as well as Washington, D.C. It strives to enhance the visibility, appreciation and study of Latino literature both on and off the campus of the University of Notre Dame, with an emphasis on programs that support newer voices, foster a sense of community among writers, and place Latino writers in community spaces.
Letras Latinas is a founding member of the Poetry Coalition, an alliance of organizations working together to promote the values poets bring to culture and the important contribution poetry makes in the lives of people of all ages backgrounds.
The founding director of Letras Latinas is Francisco Aragón.
Current programs
Andrés Montoya Poetry Prize
The Andrés Montoya Poetry Prize, in collaboration with University of Notre Dame Press, supports the publication of a first book by a Latino poet in the United States. The Andrés Montoya Poetry Prize Initiative (AMPPI) is a campaign that helped underwrite the publication of, A Jury of Trees—a posthumous book of poetry by Andrés Montoya co-published by Bilingual Press and Letras Latinas, as well as "Together We'll Be a Song: a celebration of Andrés Montoya, a symposium that took place in April 2018 in Fresno. The next deadline for the Prize is January 15, 2020. The judge is John Murillo.
Letras Latinas/Red Hen Poetry Series
The Letras Latinas/Red Hen Poetry Series (formerly Prize) supports the publication of a second or third book by a Latino poet residing in the United States in partnership with Red Hen Press. The Series now operates as an "Editor's Choice" award, and is curated by Francisco Aragón, Letras Latinas' founding Director.
Pintura : palabra
"PINTURA : PALABRA" is a multi-year initiative that encourages new Latino writing inspired by art, above all the Smithsonian American Art Museum exhibit, Our America: The Latino Presence in American Art. Aspects of the initiative included ekphrastic writing workshops; inviting writers to engage with the exhibit; and partnering with literary journals to publish portfolios of ekphrastic writing. The exhibit debuted its national tour in 2013 and concluded in 2017. The six resulting portfolios are currently part of a book arts project to mark the conclusion of the initiative. They appeared in Poetry (magazine), Poet Lore, Notre Dame Review, The Los Angeles Review, The Packinghouse Review, and the Western Humanities Review. Among the poets who contributed are Juan Felipe Herrera, Lorna Dee Cervantes, and Tino Villanueva.
Akrilica
AKRILICA is a co-publishing venture with Noemi Press which seeks to showcase new innovative Latino writing. The name of the series recalls the groundbreaking, bilingual poetry book from the eighties by distinguished Chicanx writer Juan Felipe Herrera.
Letras Latinas oral history project
The project is a collaborative effort with the ILS librarian/archivist and produces video interviews of Latino writers visiting the Notre Dame campus with the aim of making them available as an online resource for students, scholars, and the community at large. Recorded writers include William Archila, Richard Blanco, Victor Hernandez Cruz, Martín Espada, Valerie Martinez, Naomi Ayala, Brenda Cárdenas, Salvador Plascencia, Barbara Jane Reyes, Maria Melendez, Daniel Alarcón, John Phillip Santos, and many others. The archive began in 2006 and numbers 50+ video interviews.
Spotlight on U.S. Hispanic Writers
Spotlight on U.S. Hispanic Writers is a collaboration between Letras Latinas and both the Hispanic Division and Poetry and Literature Center at the Library of Congress. It features emerging and established American poets and prose writers of Hispanic descent who write predominantly in English. In each audio segment the featured poet or writer participates in a moderated discussion with the curator of the series, Catalina Gomez, as well as reads from his or her work. Writers recorded in the Spotlight series include Richard Blanco, Eduardo C. Corral, Carmen Giménez Smith, Rigoberto González, and Valerie Martínez.
Letras Latinas Presents
A series of strategic partnerships helps the initiative produce literary programming, both on campus and elsewhere. For example, Latino/a Poetry Now operated in collaboration with the Poetry Society of America. Other partners include the Library of Congress, the Folger Shakespeare Library and the Poetry Foundation in Chicago, Illinois, among others
Letras Latinas Blog
Letras Latinas Blog is an online site featuring e-interviews, book review round-ups, and other forms of literary commentary on contemporary Latino literature. Regular contributors have included Lauro Vazquez, Emma Trelles, Francisco Aragón and Oscar Bermeo.
Concluded programs
The John K. Walsh Mentorship Essays, named after Notre Dame alum (‘61) and distinguished hispanista, John K. Walsh (1939 – 1990), is an online series hosted by ORIGINS literary journal that recognizes and highlights the indelible role mentors play in the lives of emerging Latino writers.
John K. Walsh Residency Fellowship (originally the Letras Latinas Residency Fellowship)
This program, which has concluded, funded a Latino writer's one-month residency at the Anderson Center in Red Wing, Minnesota. It was for writers working on a first full-length book. (2008 -2015)
Poetas y Pintores: Artists Conversing with Verse
A multidisciplinary initiative that paired twelve Latino and Latina artists with twelve Latino and Latina poets, Poetas y Pintores was a traveling exhibition that landed in New York, NY, Los Angeles, CA, San Diego, CA, Michigan City, IN, Albuquerque, NM, and Logan, UT in addition to Saint Mary's College in Indiana where the project was launched in January 2006. A joint effort with the Center for Women's InterCultural Leadership (CWIL) at Saint Mary's, the project was funded, in part, by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). (2006 – 2009)
The Wind Shifts: New Latino Poetry ON TOUR
With funding from the National Association of Latino Art and Culture (NALAC), the Missouri Arts Council, and National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and the logistical partnership of Guild Complex, Letras Latinas carried out a seven-city two-year tour featuring the authors in The Wind Shifts: New Latino Poetry (University of Arizona Press, 2007). The destinations were: Palm Beach, FL, Minneapolis, MN, Seattle, WA, Berkeley, CA, Chicago, IL, Kansas City, MO, and New York, NY. The award-winning volume was edited by Francisco Aragón, who directs Letras Latinas. The Wind Shifts Tour (2008, 2009)
Palabra Pura
A partnership with the Guild Complex (2006 – 2012), a community-based literary organization in Chicago, Palabra Pura is a Letras Latinas outreach program whose aim is to present the work, in live performance, of Latino poets from around the United States. At one point, Palabra Pura inaugurated literary dialogues between the Latino poetry community and other communities of color at special editions of Palabra Pura. The series was co-founded by the Guild Complex and Letras Latinas in 2006 and, since 2012, is independently produced by the Guild Complex, with guest curators.
Latino/a Poetry Now
A partnership with the Poetry Society of America (PSA), Latino Poetry Now was a multi-year, multi-author tour that traveled to college campuses around the United States: Harvard University, Georgetown University, Macalester College, University of Arizona, and the University of Notre Dame. The PSA published on its website—in tandem with each reading—a multi-poet roundtable poetics discussion. (2011 – 2013)
"Chloe's Cabaret: Poetry, Music, Coffee, Conversation"
A partnership with the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center (DPAC) at Notre Dame and the Creative Writing Program, this initiative transformed the Philbin Studio Theatre into a café for the purpose of presenting poetry and music to the campus community and the community at large. Poets who appeared included: Victor Hernández Cruz, Tracie Morris, Barbara Jane Reyes, Tyehimba Jess, and Naomi Ayala. (2006 – 2008)
Letras Latinas Young Writers Initiative
The Young Writers Initiative offered annual support to a Latino or Latina youth who was an aspiring writer. The project was a collaboration between Letras Latinas and Cristo Rey Jesuit High School in Chicago and the Young Writers Workshop at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. The initiative offered a five-day program designed to give high school students the chance to explore and develop their talents in poetry and prose writing.
Letras Latinas Writers Initiative
The Letras Latinas Writers Initiative aimed to create community among Latino poets and writers enrolled in graduate creative writing programs. Its principal program was a 3-day informal retreat for writers to spend time with one another. The first two retreats took place at the University of Notre Dame, and the second two took place at Arizona State University in partnership with the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing and their Desert Nights, Rising Stars Writers Conference. (2013 – 2016)
Latino Poetry Review
The only journal of its kind in the United States, Latino Poetry Review published book reviews, essays, and interviews with an eye towards spurring inquiry and dialogue. LPR recognized that Latino poets in the 21st century embrace, and work out of, a multitude of aesthetics. With this in mind, the critical focus is the poem and its poetics. LPR was launched in 2008 and published two numbers, one in 2008 and another in 2009.
Momotombo Press
Founded in 2000 in Davis, CA by Francisco Aragón, Momotombo Press launched with the multi-authored anthology, Mark My Words. It eventually honed its mission of publishing new chapbook-length works by Latino authors including Brenda Cárdenas, Steven Cordova, Lisa Gonzales, Kevin A. González, Scott Inguito, Aaron Michael Morales, Michelle Otero, Paul Martínez Pompa, and, Robert Vasquez. It concluded operations in 2009 with a chapbook by Octavio R. González.
See also
List of Cuban-American writers
List of Mexican-American writers
List of Puerto Rican writers
References
External links
Letras Latinas Blog
Red Hen Poetry Prize
Andrés Montoya Poetry Prize
Noemi AKRILICA Series
Spotlight on U.S. Hispanic Writers
American poetry
American writers' organizations
Hispanic and Latino American literature
Hispanic and Latino American organizations
Poetry organizations |
```c++
// 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
/*
******************************************************************************
*
* Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
*
******************************************************************************
* file name: utf_impl.cpp
* encoding: UTF-8
* tab size: 8 (not used)
* indentation:4
*
* created on: 1999sep13
* created by: Markus W. Scherer
*
* This file provides implementation functions for macros in the utfXX.h
* that would otherwise be too long as macros.
*/
#include "base/third_party/icu/icu_utf.h"
namespace base_icu {
// source/common/utf_impl.cpp
static const UChar32
utf8_errorValue[6]={
// Same values as UTF8_ERROR_VALUE_1, UTF8_ERROR_VALUE_2, UTF_ERROR_VALUE,
// but without relying on the obsolete unicode/utf_old.h.
0x15, 0x9f, 0xffff,
0x10ffff
};
static UChar32
errorValue(int32_t count, int8_t strict) {
if(strict>=0) {
return utf8_errorValue[count];
} else if(strict==-3) {
return 0xfffd;
} else {
return CBU_SENTINEL;
}
}
/*
* Handle the non-inline part of the U8_NEXT() and U8_NEXT_FFFD() macros
* and their obsolete sibling UTF8_NEXT_CHAR_SAFE().
*
* U8_NEXT() supports NUL-terminated strings indicated via length<0.
*
* The "strict" parameter controls the error behavior:
* <0 "Safe" behavior of U8_NEXT():
* -1: All illegal byte sequences yield U_SENTINEL=-1.
* -2: Same as -1, except for lenient treatment of surrogate code points as legal.
* Some implementations use this for roundtripping of
* Unicode 16-bit strings that are not well-formed UTF-16, that is, they
* contain unpaired surrogates.
* -3: All illegal byte sequences yield U+FFFD.
* 0 Obsolete "safe" behavior of UTF8_NEXT_CHAR_SAFE(..., FALSE):
* All illegal byte sequences yield a positive code point such that this
* result code point would be encoded with the same number of bytes as
* the illegal sequence.
* >0 Obsolete "strict" behavior of UTF8_NEXT_CHAR_SAFE(..., TRUE):
* Same as the obsolete "safe" behavior, but non-characters are also treated
* like illegal sequences.
*
* Note that a UBool is the same as an int8_t.
*/
UChar32
utf8_nextCharSafeBody(const uint8_t *s, int32_t *pi, int32_t length, UChar32 c, UBool strict) {
// *pi is one after byte c.
int32_t i=*pi;
// length can be negative for NUL-terminated strings: Read and validate one byte at a time.
if(i==length || c>0xf4) {
// end of string, or not a lead byte
} else if(c>=0xf0) {
// Test for 4-byte sequences first because
// U8_NEXT() handles shorter valid sequences inline.
uint8_t t1=s[i], t2, t3;
c&=7;
if(CBU8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1(c, t1) &&
++i!=length && (t2=s[i]-0x80)<=0x3f &&
++i!=length && (t3=s[i]-0x80)<=0x3f) {
++i;
c=(c<<18)|((t1&0x3f)<<12)|(t2<<6)|t3;
// strict: forbid non-characters like U+fffe
if(strict<=0 || !CBU_IS_UNICODE_NONCHAR(c)) {
*pi=i;
return c;
}
}
} else if(c>=0xe0) {
c&=0xf;
if(strict!=-2) {
uint8_t t1=s[i], t2;
if(CBU8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1(c, t1) &&
++i!=length && (t2=s[i]-0x80)<=0x3f) {
++i;
c=(c<<12)|((t1&0x3f)<<6)|t2;
// strict: forbid non-characters like U+fffe
if(strict<=0 || !CBU_IS_UNICODE_NONCHAR(c)) {
*pi=i;
return c;
}
}
} else {
// strict=-2 -> lenient: allow surrogates
uint8_t t1=s[i]-0x80, t2;
if(t1<=0x3f && (c>0 || t1>=0x20) &&
++i!=length && (t2=s[i]-0x80)<=0x3f) {
*pi=i+1;
return (c<<12)|(t1<<6)|t2;
}
}
} else if(c>=0xc2) {
uint8_t t1=s[i]-0x80;
if(t1<=0x3f) {
*pi=i+1;
return ((c-0xc0)<<6)|t1;
}
} // else 0x80<=c<0xc2 is not a lead byte
/* error handling */
c=errorValue(i-*pi, strict);
*pi=i;
return c;
}
} // namespace base_icu
``` |
```go
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
//go:build !aix && !darwin && !freebsd && !linux && !solaris && !zos
package ipv6
import (
"net"
"golang.org/x/net/internal/socket"
)
func (so *sockOpt) setGroupReq(c *socket.Conn, ifi *net.Interface, grp net.IP) error {
return errNotImplemented
}
func (so *sockOpt) setGroupSourceReq(c *socket.Conn, ifi *net.Interface, grp, src net.IP) error {
return errNotImplemented
}
``` |
Stadio Nuovo Romagnoli is a sports stadium located in Campobasso, the capital of the Molise region of Italy. It is primarily used for association football. The stadium currently hosts the home matches of S.S. Campobasso who play in the Serie C.
History
The Stadio Nuovo Romagnoli was designed by former Ascoli Calcio 1898 chairman Constantino Rozzi, who also designed numerous other stadiums across Italy. Work started on the stadium in 1983, and Stadio Nuovo Romagnoli was officially opened on 13 February 1985, when Campobasso defeated Juventus F.C. 1-0 in a Coppa Italia match.
The structure of the stadium is very similar to that of the Stadio Ciro Vigorito in Benevento, due to the same project and some of the same architects being involved in the Romagnoli's design. The stadium is called "New Romagnoli" because Campobasso's previous stadium was named after Giovanni Romagnoli. However, the stadium has not yet received an official name. There has been talk of naming the stadium after Michele Scorrano, Campobasso's captain in the 1970s and 1980s, who died after a heart attack in February 2009.
After S.S.C. Napoli's Stadio San Paolo was damaged by a violent storm, Stadio Nuovo Romagnoli hosted the club's home matches between September 2001 and January 2002.
On 3 June 2003, the stadium hosted a friendly match between Italy and Northern Ireland, which Italy won 2-0. The game was organized to raise funds for reconstruction and victims after an earthquake hit Molise, where the stadium is based, in 2002.
After S.S. Campobasso was taken under new ownership in 2018, the Stadium was given some upgrades including painting the seats with red and blue stripes. As well as upgrades to various other areas.
Concerts
Antonello Venditti, 22 September 1990
Litfiba, 30 August 1991
Pino Daniele, 28 July 1997
Subsonica, 26 September 2002
References
Football venues in Italy
Multi-purpose stadiums in Italy
Campobasso
Sports venues in Molise
Buildings and structures in the Province of Campobasso |
Events from the year 2023 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 112 according to the official Republic of China calendar.
Incumbents
President: Tsai Ing-wen
Vice President: Lai Ching-te
Premier: Su Tseng-chang, Chen Chien-jen
Vice Premier: Shen Jong-chin, Cheng Wen-tsan
Events
8 January – Taipei legislative by-election
4 March – Nantou legislative by-election.
26 March – Hondouras terminated diplomatic relations with the ROC.
27 March – Former Taiwanese President Ma Ying-jeou becomes the first Taiwanese leader to visit mainland China since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, meeting with China's Taiwan Affairs Office deputy chair Chen Yuanfeng in Shanghai. Taiwan's ruling Democratic Progressive Party criticized this visit as "endorsing" China's position on Taiwan.
20 June – . Teachers at a kindergarten in New Taipei City are accused of sedating students with cough syrups containing drugs like benzodiazepines and phenobarbital. The scandal has sparked protests outside government buildings, with parents demanding answers. In May, parents at a private school in the area had accused staff of feeding their children ‘unknown drugs.’ This is after they noticed what appeared to be withdrawal symptoms in their children.
10 September – Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen restores the reputations of victims of the White Terror repression, which was carried out by the Republic of China government from the 1940s to the 1980s. The ceremony, held in Taipei, marked the first nationwide event that addresses crimes committed during the White Terror.
22 September – Six people are killed, more than 100 others are injured, and three are missing after a fire and subsequent explosions at a golf ball factory in Pingtung County.
Deaths
1 January – Kuo Nan-hung, 86, Taiwanese politician, minister of transportation and communications (1987–1990) and president of the National Chiao Tung University (1979–1987)
6 January – Shen Lyu-shun, 73, Taiwanese diplomat.
27 January – Ting Chiang, 86, Taiwanese actor (Four Loves, The Bold, the Corrupt, and the Beautiful).
30 January – Ting Pang-hsin, 88, Taiwanese linguist.
5 February
Hsing Yun, 95, Taiwanese Buddhist monk (Fo Guang Shan).
Chu Yun-han, 67, Taiwanese political scientist, rectal cancer.
16 February – Chen Yu-an, 28, Taiwanese rower (Dragon boat at the 2018 Asian Games).
4 March – , 72, Taiwanese opera singer, fall.
25 March – Yang Bing-yi, 96, Taiwanese restauranter, (Din Tai Fung). (death announced on this date)
22 April – Ju Ming, 85, Taiwanese sculptor, suicide.
10 May – , 52, Taiwanese legal scholar, crushed by train.
26 May – Lin Wenyue, 89, Taiwanese writer and translator.
9 May – Moon Fun Chin, 110, Taiwanese-American aviator and supercentenarian.
20 June – Phyllis Gomda Hsi, 85, Taiwanese lieder singer and music professor.
26 June – Liang Chao-chen (梁朝臣), 55, Taiwanese restauranter.
3 August – 86, Taiwanese independence activist.
14 August – , 77, Taiwanese independence activist.
3 September – , 92, Taiwanese publisher and activist.
4 September – , 79, Taiwanese conductor, multiple organ failure.
27 September – Wang Wen-hsing, 84, Taiwanese writer.
References
Taiwan
Taiwan
2020s in Taiwan
Years of the 21st century in Taiwan |
The A614 is a main road in England running through the counties of Nottinghamshire, South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire.
Route
Beginning at Redhill, the northernmost point in the Nottingham suburb of Arnold in Nottinghamshire, the road meets the A60 and A6097 at Redhill roundabout then passes Bilsthorpe. At Rufford there is a Center Parcs resort and Rufford Country Park. This is near to Edwinstowe, famed for its connections with Robin Hood. The road meets several other roads on a small roundabout at Ollerton with fuel stations and fast food outlets.
The road passes Clumber Park and goes past the entrance to the former Army Proteus training camp. The road passes over the River Poulter. At Apleyhead Wood, the road meets the A1 and A57. Major works were started on the Apleyhead junction in 2006 to convert the roundabout into a dual-grade junction (GSJ). This work was completed on 20 May 2008. The A614 overlaps the A1 for north.
At junction 34 of the A1(M) at Blyth, next to a large Moto service station, the road runs north to the settlement of Bawtry, passing to the south of a nearby colliery at Harworth. At Bawtry the road meets the A638, a Roman road which heads into Doncaster, passing under the East Coast Main Line here. At Finningley, the road passes around the runway of Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield, the former RAF Finningley. The road has a level crossing with the Doncaster-Lincoln railway line and the River Torne is crossed. Near Hatfield Woodhouse, the road passes a prison. The road meets the M180 and A18 at a roundabout at Thorne, the former terminus of the A18(M), the M18 at junction 6, follows the River Don for then crosses it where the river becomes the Dutch River.
From Goole, the road continues in a north-easterly direction, crosses the M62 and passes over the River Ouse on the iron-girder Boothferry Bridge before intersecting with the M62 at junction 36.
From here, the road becomes a trunk road running through the settlements of Howden, Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, Driffield, ending on the Yorkshire coast at Bridlington, where it joins the A165.
History
Former route in Nottinghamshire
The road used to continue south from the junction with the A60, next to the Little Chef, and overlap the A60. The north-west section of the Nottingham western bypass, up to the A52 junction, near the Queen's Medical Centre (before the Clifton Boulevard was built) was the A614 for some time and is now the A6514. Before renumbering of Clifton Boulevard to the A52, concurrent with the numbering of the A614 to A6514, the section from the A52 to A606 was also A614.
Former route in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Originally, the A614 went from Thorne via Snaith to Selby. The current section from Goole through Rawcliffe was the A161 (from Gainsborough). From Goole to Holme-on-Spalding Moor, it was the A1041. From here through Market Weighton, to Driffield, it was the A163. From here to Bridlington, it used to be the A166 (which is the road from York). More recently, it finished at Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, then what is now the A614, carried on north as the A163 (from Selby), then as the A164 (from Beverley) just before Driffield.
Fatal accident in February 2009
On Friday, 13 February 2009 just after 23:00 six people were killed in a head-on collision on the road in Nottinghamshire between the Bilsthorpe crossroads and the Eakring turn-off. The victims were four teenagers in one car, and an elderly couple in the other.
The cause of the accident was concluded by the coroner as to have happened as a result of "inappropriate overtaking" by the driver of the teenagers' car.
References
External links
Improvements to Apleyhead junction.
SABRE
Roads in England
Roads in Yorkshire
Transport in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Roads in Nottinghamshire
Transport in South Yorkshire |
Spunk is a brand of Danish candy, launched in 1971 by Danish candy manufacturers Galle & Jessen and commonly sold in Denmark and Germany.
History
In 1971 Galle & Jessen were looking for a name for their new candy. They came across the name "Spunk" in the Pippi Longstocking book Pippi in the South Seas, in which Pippi invents a word for which she can find no use. The boxes bear the name Spunk and a drawing of a "fantasy animal" made by an 8-year-old girl. As with the Danish Ga-Jol pastilles (also produced by Galle & Jessen), the boxes have a little saying or word of advice on the inside of the box lid.
Varieties
Spunk comes in three versions:
pastilles made from salty liquorice and sold in a black box
wine gums of four different flavours and colours—red, yellow, green, and orange—sold in a green box
brown cola-flavoured wine gums sold in a brown box
Each box contains 20 or 23 grams of candy.
External links
Spunk review with pictures by the American blog "Don't get mad, get even."
Galle & Jessen Spunk home page (in Danish)
Review of Spunk (and other kinds of Danish liquorice) (in Danish)
Danish confectionery
Candy
Liquorice (confectionery)
Brand name confectionery |
Jack Michael (January 16, 1926 – November 12, 2020) was an American psychologist and professor at Western Michigan University. He developed one of the first token economies, the concept of motivating operations (MOs), and is a pioneer of what is now referred to as applied behavior analysis (ABA, also called behavioral engineering).
Early life
Michael, named John Lester Michael, was born on January 16, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. He had no siblings. His father Lester Lioniel was an automobile mechanic and his mother Willie did not work outside of the home. He lived in a lower-middle-class neighborhood near downtown L.A. from the time he was 5 years old until he was drafted into the army at 18.
As a youth, he joined an inner city Hispanic gang but avoided fights, protected by members who needed his help with their own schoolwork. He developed an early love of reading, accompanying his mother to the library on Saturdays.
He attended elementary school from 1931 to 1937, Junior High School from 1938 to 1940, and High School from 1941 to 1943. He was in the Boy Scouts for about 3 years, took drum lessons, and played in a youth orchestra/marching band.
Career
Michael entered UCLA as a chemistry major in Fall 1943, completed one semester, then was drafted into the army in June 1944 (in the middle of his second semester). Although he was a very good student in high school, he was an average student at UCLA, earning a C-average his first year.
He was professor emeritus of psychology at Western Michigan University. He began teaching at WMU in 1967 and retired from the university in April 2003, teaching for a total of 36 years at WMU. He was married to Alyce Dickinson, former chairman of the I/O department at Western Michigan University.
Publications
Michael has published over 70 articles and 1 book, Concepts and Principles of Behavior Analysis. As a professor at the University of Houston, he and his colleague Teodoro Ayllon conducted the well-known study The psychiatric nurse as a behavioral engineer (1959) in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) where a token economy was employed for hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and intellectual disability. This helped to set what was then known as behavior modification in motion, and in turn, led to the establishment of the discipline of applied behavior analysis when researchers at the University of Kansas started the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) in 1968.
He was also the past editor of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior (TAVB), which publishes theoretical and experimental work related to extensions of Skinner's analysis of Verbal Behavior.
References
21st-century American psychologists
Behaviourist psychologists
2020 deaths
1926 births
Western Michigan University faculty |
Gopal Mandir also called as Dwarkadhish temple is the second largest temple of Ujjain after Mahakaleshwar and is dedicated to Lord Krishna, in Ujjain City, Ujjain Division, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was built by Bayaji bai Shinde, the wife of Maratha King Daulatrao Scindia in the 19th century in Maratha Style. It is located in the main market of Ujjain.
The temple is in Ujjain town which is 65 km away from Indore city; the city is situated in Madhya Pradesh.
Features
The main temple has a two-feet tall statue of Lord Krishna made up of silver coated marble. In addition to Lord Krishna's idol, there are also idols of Lord Shiva, Parvati and Garuda. Janmashtami and Harihar Parva are celebrated with great pomp in this temple complex. In the Harihar Parva, images of Mahakaleshwar jyotirlinga are brought in to meet Lord Krishna. The doors of Gopal Mandir are said to have been stolen by Mahmud of Ghazni. These were later restored by Mahadji Scindia.
See also
Ujjain
References
Puthia Temple Complex
Archaeological sites in Rajshahi District |
Grigory Tsezarevich Svirsky () (September 29, 1921 – 2016) was a Russian-born Canadian writer.
Svirsky was born in Ufa in September 1921. He was a military pilot during World War II from 1941 to 1944, then worked as a journalist. After publishing several books, Svirsky openly criticized censorship in the Soviet Union, and all his writings were forbidden and destroyed in 1968. Svirsky also criticized the 1968 suppression of the Prague Spring by Soviet military forces. He was forced to emigrate to Israel on the personal request from KGB director Yuri Andropov in 1972.
He moved to Canada in 1975 and started teaching Russian literature in University of Toronto and University of Maryland. He published numerous fiction and non-fiction books, short stories, and plays. He was also an active participant of political discussions in RuNet, Russian blogosphere.
One of his recent books was about the Internet brigades - teams of FSB agents who conduct psychological operations in the internet against political bloggers. These "internet brigades" allegedly disseminate disinformation and prevent free discussion of undesirable subjects in the internet forums by harassing and intimidating the bloggers He was interested in moral aspects of their work: "It seems that offending, betraying, or even "murdering" people in the virtual space is easy. This is like killing an enemy in a video game: one do not see a disfigured body or eyes of the person who is dying right in front of you. However, human soul lives by its own basic laws that force it to pay the price in the real life".
He died in 2016.
References
External links (Russian)
Photo
His biography
His biography and links to some books
Memories about him
Links to his books
Interview with G. Svirsky in "Nasha Canada" - Toronto russian newspaper
His books
Dead end of Lenin, Moscow, Publishing house "Soviet writer", 1962. Full text in Russian
Hostages: The personal testimony of a Soviet Jew. Vintage/Ebury (A Division of Random House Group), 1976, . Full text in Russian
Polar tragedy, Frankfurt, "Posev", 1976. Full text in Russian, French translation: Tragedie Polarie, Quine, Montreal, 1978.
Breakthrough, New York, 1983. Four chapters in Russian, Hebrew translation: Hapriza by Maoz, Israel, 1990.
At the execution place. The literature of moral resistance, 1946-1986. Moscow, 1992. Full text in Russian English version: A history of post-Soviet writing (The literature of the Moral Opposition), Ardis, Ann Arbor, USA, 1981, .
Soviet penal battalions Full text in Russian
Luba means "love" or never-ending Nord-Ost. A non-fiction story. Jerusalem, 2004 Full text in Russian
Anastasya. A story on-line (Full text in Russian)
Farewell to Russia, New York, 1986 Full text in Russian
Mother and stepmother, "Scholar", Toronto, Canada, 1990. Full text in Russian
Forbidden story, "Scholar", Toronto, Canada, 1990. Full text in Russian
Escape, Jerusalem, 1994 Full text in Russian
Little Andrei, Moscow, 1998. Full text in Russian
On the islands of George Washington, New York, 1998 Full text in Russian
Fuel pump kings. Russian gangsters in America 2000. Full text in Russian
Masters of disguise. A story of Russian leaders. Moscow. 2002. Full text in Russian
My Galich, a story of Alexander Galich Full text in Russian
1921 births
2016 deaths
Canadian people of Russian-Jewish descent
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Writers from Ufa
Soviet emigrants to Canada
Soviet Jews in the military
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet World War II pilots |
Sue Bale, , RGN, NDN, RHV is a British nurse with a special interest in wound healing.
Education and career
She received her PhD degree from the University of Glamorgan (now the University of South Wales) in 2003.
She currently works Director of Research & Development in Aneurin Bevan Health Board.
Work in wound healing
Bale was part of the original team that established a unique wound healing service in the Wound Healing Research Unit, based at the University of Wales College of Medicine. She has written a range of books and articles on wound care.
She is a founder member of the Wound Care Society (1985); the European Wound Management Association; (1991); the Journal of Wound Care (1992); the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (1996).
Fellowship
Professor Bale is a fellow of the Royal College of Nursing.
Recent publications
References
Alumni of the University of Glamorgan
British non-fiction writers
Welsh nurses
Living people
People from Monmouthshire
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Royal College of Nursing
British nurses |
Australian Waterski and Wakeboard Federation, or AWWF is the governing body for the Waterskiing, Wakeboarding and Bare footing in Australia.
The AWWF has been structured as a sports discipline based organisation that reflects the operation of the sport within all States. The sports disciplines currently comprise the Divisions of Tournament, Barefoot, Disabled, Show Skiing and Wakeboard, Cable Wakeboard (interim). Knee Boarding is represented in some States but not as a separate Division within AWWF. Ski Racing Australia is a separate body but has close ties to the AWWF as we are both affiliated to the International Water Ski Federation.
The Federation services a projected 3500 registered competitive participants and approximately 1.3 million unregistered participants (statistical information obtained from the Sweeney report, state membership and boat registration sources).
The potential to develop the sport is constantly being addressed at both grass roots and high performance levels. Progress to date in the high performance area has placed Australia amongst the very top nations in all disciplines. In the last three years programs to increase entry level participation have been developed and implemented across Australia. Our world rankings reflect the effort being undertaken in junior and senior developments.
The strength of the sport internationally is also on the rise. We have been competing in the World Games since 1981 as well as the Pan American Games since 1995. The Sports profile is on the increase due to events such as the Moomba Masters, World Games and the World Cup. Our continued relationship with Water Ski Racing Australia (SRA) also ensures that indirect ties with major events such as the Bridge to Bridge and the Australian Ski Racing Grand Prix are maintained. Cable Wakeboard is currently a listed sport for possible inclusion into the 2020 Olympics.
With the exception of the Executive Officer and the Office Administrative Assistant in the National Office, all Directors, Administrators, Judges and Organisers are volunteers. The AWWF arranges Public Liability Insurance for affiliated water ski clubs, sanctioned sites, competitions and training. Membership also entitles members to Personal Accident Insurance for water ski related injuries and to travel insurance on international travel for water skiing events and training. We negotiate water safety, access and policy matters with maritime authorities on behalf of both AWWF members and recreational skiers.
The AWWF continues to provide an umbrella administration that encompasses Junior, Senior, Masters, Female, Male, Indigenous and Disabled in all disciplines of the Sport.
AWWF Constitution
The constitution of the AWWF can be viewed here.
AWWF Structure
The Structure comprises up to 9 Directors, one from each active Division (currently 5), a Finance Director and a State Director. Each State can apply to be affiliated as Member State which gives them voting rights at AWWF General Meetings. Currently all States are Members. Within each Division, there are State Based Divisional Committees.
AWWF Policies
Member Protection
Divisional Selection Policies
Anti-Doping Policy
World Anti-Doping Code, International Standard
AWWF Anti-Doping Policy
Anti-Doping Awareness
National Squad Team
AWWF Rules and Regulations
IWWF Rules and Regulations
References
External links
Sports governing bodies in Australia
Waterskiing
Wakeboarding
Water sports in Australia |
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