text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
```objective-c
#pragma once
#include <string>
#include "envoy/stats/scope.h"
#include "envoy/stats/stats_macros.h"
namespace Envoy {
namespace Extensions {
namespace NetworkFilters {
namespace DubboProxy {
/**
* All dubbo filter stats. @see stats_macros.h
*/
#define ALL_DUBBO_FILTER_STATS(COUNTER, GAUGE, HISTOGRAM) \
COUNTER(cx_destroy_local_with_active_rq) \
COUNTER(cx_destroy_remote_with_active_rq) \
COUNTER(local_response_business_exception) \
COUNTER(local_response_error) \
COUNTER(local_response_success) \
COUNTER(request) \
COUNTER(request_decoding_error) \
COUNTER(request_decoding_success) \
COUNTER(request_event) \
COUNTER(request_oneway) \
COUNTER(request_twoway) \
COUNTER(response) \
COUNTER(response_business_exception) \
COUNTER(response_decoding_error) \
COUNTER(response_decoding_success) \
COUNTER(response_error) \
COUNTER(response_error_caused_connection_close) \
COUNTER(response_success) \
GAUGE(request_active, Accumulate) \
HISTOGRAM(request_time_ms, Milliseconds)
/**
* Struct definition for all dubbo proxy stats. @see stats_macros.h
*/
struct DubboFilterStats {
ALL_DUBBO_FILTER_STATS(GENERATE_COUNTER_STRUCT, GENERATE_GAUGE_STRUCT, GENERATE_HISTOGRAM_STRUCT)
static DubboFilterStats generateStats(const std::string& prefix, Stats::Scope& scope) {
return DubboFilterStats{ALL_DUBBO_FILTER_STATS(POOL_COUNTER_PREFIX(scope, prefix),
POOL_GAUGE_PREFIX(scope, prefix),
POOL_HISTOGRAM_PREFIX(scope, prefix))};
}
};
} // namespace DubboProxy
} // namespace NetworkFilters
} // namespace Extensions
} // namespace Envoy
``` |
Shelley Claridge is an American chemist who is an associate professor of chemistry at Purdue University. Her research considers the design of nanostructured materials and better understanding their physical and chemical properties. She was awarded a Schmidt Science Polymaths Award in 2022 and the American Chemical Society Women Chemists Committee Rising Star Award in 2023.
Early life and education
Claridge says that her first experiment was baking bread with her mother. She studied mathematics and biochemistry at Texas A&M University. After graduating, she spent several years as a software engineer, before deciding that she wanted to pursue an academic career. moved to the University of California, Berkeley for her doctoral research, where she worked with Jean Fréchet and Paul Alivisatos. After earning her doctorate, Claridge joined Pennsylvania State University as a postdoctoral researcher with Paul Weiss.
Research and career
In 2013, Claridge joined Purdue University as an assistant professor, and was promoted to associate professor in 2019. Claridge is a physical chemist who works on the design of new materials and understanding how confinement impacts materials properties. In particular, she looks to recreate the structural diversity and function demonstrated in biology. Her group investigated plant membranes, and used their precise nanostructure to create efficient circuits of photovoltaic cells. Claridge developed a robust strategy to pattern materials based on amphiphilic striped phases, which can be assembled on 2D materials for soft-electronics.
Awards and honors
2016 National Science Foundation CAREER Award
2016 DuPont Young Professor Award
2019 DARPA Director's Fellowship
2020 ACS Nano iCANX Rising Star Lecturer
2021 Charles B. Murphy Award for Undergraduate Teaching r
2022 Schmidt Science Polymaths Award
2023 American Chemical Society Women Chemists Committee Rising Star Award
Selected publications
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women chemists
21st-century American chemists
21st-century American women scientists
Texas A&M University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Pennsylvania State University people
Purdue University faculty |
is a fictional character featured in the manga series Bungo Stray Dogs, written by Kafka Asagiri and drawn by Sango Harukawa. He is a member of the Armed Detective Agency who mentors the protagonist, Atsushi Nakajima, into his group while dealing with other enemies facing them. Dazai is also a former executive of the underworld organization, the Port Mafia, with the light novels and anime adaptation dealing with his backstory as a member of the mafia. He has also appeared in related works inspired by Bungo Stray Dogs.
Osamu Dazai's look and personality were designed to contrast with the young lead, Atsushi's, while his name is the same as that of the late author Osamu Dazai as well as the main character from the television series The Mentalist. His backstory was also influenced by the real-life Dazai, as the author was captivated by a picture of him and two other writers. In the animated version of the series, the character is voiced by Mamoru Miyano in Japanese and Kaiji Tang in English.
The fictional Osamu Dazai has been popular in Japan, often appearing in polls and winning awards from different magazines. Critical reception of his portrayal in the anime and manga has been mostly positive due to his interactions with his partners, Doppo Kunikida and Chuuya Nakahara, his personality, and his character traits. Nevertheless, the character's frequent attempts to commit suicide were criticized for being too dark to be humorous.
Creation and design
Named after Japanese author Osamu Dazai (1909–1948), Kafka Asagiri created the fictional character to contrast with the protagonist, Atsushi Nakajima. His traits are his slender figure, humorous personality, and persistent attempts to commit suicide. When conceptualizing his design, Harukawa covered Dazai's body in bandages alongside other items meant to represent his obsession with suicide. Kafka Asagiri was surprised by Harukawa's designs for the protagonists. Another contrast between the main characters was the idea of balancing their colors, so Dazai's brown hair contrasted with Atsushi's white hair. Another balance is height. Atsushi is a 5'7 man, while Dazai is 5'11. Though seemingly inspired by Dazai, the manga character is not like the author, and his personality is instead more of a common manga character who uses suicides as jokes. In terms of roles, if Atsushi is the hero, Dazai is the sage. Like the role of Merlin to King Arthur.
Dazai's novel No Longer Human is one of Asagiri's favorite novels, to the point that it inspired Bungo Stray Dogs, replicating the themes of the novel. While the first chapter was conceptualized with both Dazai and Atsushi, the author wanted to have another third character who would "suffer" alongside Dazai. This eventually led to the inclusion of Kunikida as Dazai's partner, who contrasts Dazai's joker personality with his serious portrayal. His personality was also influenced by Simon Baker's work in The Mentalist.
In writing Dazai's backstory for the light novels, Asagiri was inspired by a picture that had the real artists Dazai, Ango Sakaguchi, and Sakunosuke Oda. The seemingly natural state of the trio inspired Asagiri to write Osamu Dazai and the Dark Era. Another aspect of the trio that inspired the fiction was how the real Dazai reacted to Oda's death. The real Dazai was also a fan of Ryūnosuke Akutagawa's works, but in fiction, this was reversed in terms of the relationship between the two characters with the same name. Asagiri decided to keep this reason up to the reader. The novels were also written to address Dazai's character arc from an assassin to a detective.
When first reading the manga, anime director Yasuomi Umetsu was impressed by the relationship Dazai had with his students, Atsushi and Ryunosuke Akutagawa. This gave the staff ideas for making the symbolic sequences in the opening and closing video scenes of the anime series where the three characters are featured. The staff noted Dazai had a mentor-like relationship with Atsushi and Akutagawa, which led to scenes where he is seen trying to pat their heads. For the film Bungo Stray Dogs: Dead Apple, Asagiri suggested that Studio Bones change Dazai's hairstyle. Despite this redesign and Dazai being associated with the main villain, Asagiri said they are not the main focus of the film; that is, on Atsushi, Kyoka Izumi, and Akutagawa. Furthermore, Asagiri conceived the idea of the story starting with Dazai's death and how he would be revived throughout the story. He wondered, however, what the cause of death should have been. Another idea for Dazai's characterization in the film was not to change it but to focus on how he treats other people.
Voice actor Mamoru Miyano found the younger Dazai more challenging to voice. Because of his darker personality and little care for others, Miyano had to use a duller tone of voice. This stage of Dazai's character made a deep impression on him. Miyano also noted that Dazai managed to become a better person thanks to his friendship with Odasaku and Ango. In retrospect, Miyano felt that Dazai's darker period gave him a further understanding of his character as he changed across the story. Since being hired to be the English voice actor for Osamu Dazai, Kaiji Tang has looked forward to working on Bungo Stray Dogs, having previously watched the series. Tang was delighted to voice Dazai for the English dub, attracted by his comical attitude.
Appearances
In Bungo Stray Dogs
Manga
A member of the Armed Detective Agency who takes Atsushi under his wing, Dazai is known for being a "suicide maniac" because he wishes to commit suicide and die comfortably one day with a beautiful woman. Under his carefree and relaxed demeanor, however, Dazai is extremely cunning, intelligent, and also a funny guy. He was once a feared executive for the Port Mafia. His ability, , lets him completely nullify any supernatural ability by touch. Dazai takes a liking to Atsushi as his underling starts working for the Agency, believing him to be superior to some of the mafia's men. When allowing himself to be kidnapped by the Port Mafia, Dazai tells his former underling Ryūnosuke Akutagawa that Atsushi is superior to him, angering Akutagawa. However, the relationship turns into an alliance between the Agency and the mafia to face a group known as the Guild. During the fight, Dazai joins forces with his former mafia ally, Chuuya Nakahara, to face members of the Guild.
After the Guild's defeat, Dazai meets Fyodor Dostoyevsky, the leader of the Rats in the House of the Dead, who has one of his allies wound the leaders of the Agency and Port Mafia to generate chaos between each group to see who will get the cure. Dazai is then shot by one of Dostoyevsky's underlings and ends up in the hospital. On recovering, Dazai has the Agency's members track Dostoyevsky's underling, who has the key to the cure, while he and members from the Guild manage to locate Dostoyevsky and have him arrested. However, Dostoyevsky's men threaten the Agency again, and Dazai is imprisoned by Saigiku Jōno from the Hunting Dogs military government forces. Despite his imprisonment, Dazai requests help from Ango to give orders to the Agency to fight against Dostoyevsky's Decay of the Angel members and the government, ending up in the same prison as Dostoyevsky, where both plan their underling's works.
Fyodor's underlings Nikolai Gogol and Sigma rescue the two from the prison, but Decay of Angels member Nikolai gives the prisoner a test to determine who should be allowed to leave alone. He injects both with deadly poison and gives them material to choose from; Dazai takes Sigma. As Dazai and Sigma prepare to leave the prison, it is revealed that the former had worked with Ango to take down Fyodor there and have Sigma use his skill to absorb his knowledge. However, Dazai hurt his leg after helping Sigma and is shot repeatedly in the face by Chuuya, who is being manipulated by Fyodor. The anime adaptation reveals that Chuuya was pretending to be a vampire to fake Dazai's death and that Dazai was waiting for his colleagues to get rid of Fukuchi's army and kill Fyodor in the process once his allies failed to take him out of prison with a helicopter.
In light novels
The light novels follow Dazai's backstory. Osamu Dazai's Entrance Exam plot describes how Dazai joined the Detective Agency and met his future partners. At the age of 20, he joined the Armed Detective Company on the recommendation of Chief Taneda of the Ministry of Internal Affairs' Special Ability Department and—as a newbie—was entrusted by Fukuzawa Yukichi to Doppo Kunikida. Shortly afterwards, they were both assigned to work on the Serial Disappearance of Yokohama's Visitors Case, which Kunikida decided would be Dazai's entrance exam. Osamu Dazai and the Dark Era involves his relationship with hitman Oda Sakunosuke four years before the events of the manga, when he was working for the mafia, culminating with Oda encouraging Dazai to leave the group and find a new way of living that does not involve committing murder. Dazai, Chuuya, Fifteen Years Old follows Dazai's life as a member of the Port Mafia. Dazai, under the watchful eye of Ōgai Mori, receives his first mission to investigate a ghost. He and Chuuya Nakahara used to be partners during his days in the Mafia, and together—after they had decimated an enemy organization in one night—they became notorious and dubbed the "Criminal Underworld's Worst Enemy", earning the title .
The character is also present in the light novel BEAST: White Akutagawa, Black Atsushi, in an alternate version of his world, still working for Port Mafia alongside Atsushi and Kyoka Izumi. He also appears in the light novel Bungo Stray Dogs: 55 Minutes, where the Agency is given the job of finding a thief.
In other media
Dazai appears in the 2018 film Bungo Stray Dogs: Dead Apple as a member of the Detective Agency. At the request of Ango Sakaguchi, the Armed Detective Agency investigates Tatsuhiko Shibusawa, a self-described "collector", tied to an incident involving multiple suicides. Dazai allies himself with Shibusawa to counter his plans, and he is stabbed and left to die. Chuya manages to save Dazai, thanks to the latter's planning and prediction of Shibusawa's betrayal. The manga adaptation of the film also includes Dazai. Dazai is present in the gag series Wan!, where he is depicted in a super-deformed form. The 2022 live-action film that adapted Beast had Rui Tabuchi portraying the role of Dazai.
In the mobile phone game Bungo Stray Dogs: Tales of the Lost, Dazai appears as a playable character. He is also a guest character in Yume 100. In the series' play, Dazai was played by Hideya Tawada.
Reception
Critical
After his introduction, the site Manga.Tokyo welcomed Dazai, commenting on his appealing interactions with Doppo Kunikida. The Fandom Post agreed with Manga.Tokyo, with respect to his interactions with Kunikida, while also acknowledging his character comes across as intelligent despite his childish personality. His interactions with Atsushi also received positive responses. Though not satisfied with his introduction, The Fandom Post regarded Dazai as a "fun character" as well as "probably the strongest part of the series thus far. Both Anime News Network and Anime UK News were more critical because of the black comedy of his frequent suicide attempts, something that referenced the real-life Dazai. The reviewer also hinted that his bandages might imply there have been more failed attempts at suicide in the past. Nevertheless, his personality and interactions with others were noted to have made the story amusing despite its dark tone. Dazai's attempt to kill himself again, but with a woman working for Port Mafia, was also thought to be a reference to the real Dazai, which might come across as offensive. Reel Run Down enjoyed Dazai to the point of finding him one of the most enjoyable characters in the entire series because of his cheerful personality, which is given further depth when the second season explores his dark past. Charles Solomon from Animation Magazine compared Dazai with Vash the Stampede from Trigun due to their flirting and comical personalities, which led the series to have notable comic appeal until its change to a more violent tone.
Writers commented on Dazai's past persona from the light novels and its animated adaptation. Manga.Tokyo highly praised the relationship between Dazai and Odasaku since it shows the impact Odasaku had on Dazai's characterization and growth as a person, which contrasted with his regular personality, while UK Anime Network felt it made the cast look more rounded in general due to the multiple use of literal characters based on real life. Dazai's debut in the anime's third season earned praise from Manga.Tokyo for once again exploring his teenage years, where his relationship with Chuuya Nakahara is revealed in the form of flashback episodes. The site noted that the debut explores the relationship between Dazai and Mori and how Mori sees himself in Dazai. Anime News Network noted how dark this incarnation of Dazai is, as he does not appear to care for other people and instead ponders the idea of killing himself, in contrast to his cheerful persona from the regular series. Nevertheless, the site liked his dynamic with Chuuya, with the Fandom Post echoing similar comments, especially during the Guild arc, as the duo can still fight together despite their distanced relationships. The relationship between the two former mafia allies was noted by Soochow University as one of the most famous shipped characters in China, which led to the nickname "DaChu" (太中). Comic Book Resources also noted that Dazai's relationship with Atsushi is also popular within the fandom for how the former acts like a mentor to the latter.
Besides his regular appearances, the Fandom Post enjoyed the panicking Dazai from the series' spin-off Bungo Stray Dogs Wan due to how nervous he acts when realizing that he went too harsh with his prank on Kunikida. Similarly, Anime News Network enjoyed Dazai's alternate actions in Wan, such as him being a kindergarten teacher, as enjoyable takes on the series. In a review of Bungo Stray Dogs: Dead Apple, the site pointed out that Dazai was one of only two characters who understood Shibusawa Tatsuhiko. Anime News Network felt that his role in the film, teaming up with Shibusawa Tatsuhiko and Fyodor, was too difficult to complete based on multiple stakes. Though Chuuya does not interact too much with Dazai in Dead Apple, their only encounters were noted in the book World Cinema On Demand: Global Film Cultures in the Era of Online Distribution to stand out for their homoerotic overtones among Chinese fans.
Dazai's actors were also well received by the media. Manga.Tokyo has enjoyed Mamoru Miyano's performance as Dazai's voice actor ever since his introduction. The Fandom Post said that Dazai is a fun character, with Mamoru Miyano's "acting range helping his versatile characterization immensely." Dazai was also voted the second-best Miyano character in a poll from AnimeAnime. In another review, the site again enjoyed Miyano's performance as he changed his vocal tone to characterize Dazai's personality in the past. UK Anime News further complimented Miyano, saying he fits the "eccentric personality of Dazai extremely well." Reel Run Down found Kaiji Tang's work as Dazai enjoyable due to the joy he brings to the role.
Osaka Metropolitan University said Dazai's portrayal as a man escaping from the mafia is predicated on the real Dazai, who similarly turned from the Communist Party to the Japan Romantic School and then committed suicide in 1948 after several attempts. J. Laturnas from the University of British Columbia noticed that Dazai's characterization in Bungo Stray Dogs and Bungō and Alchemist helped to revitalize the original author's works. The Dazai in Bungo Stray Dogs is not a characterification of the author himself but of the author’s star text: an abstract representation of "Dazai" and his literature in popular imagination. Likewise, Dazai's character is heavily inspired by No Longer Human and its protagonist, Ōba Yōzō, with a few references to the historical author's life, personality, and preferences. In regards to his past, he has neither desires nor a reason to live and has suffered in solitude for most of his life. Thus, he resorts to playing the role of a clown and hiding his true emotions with suicidal antics. However, Dazai’s character has still made significant progress towards the fulfillment of Oda's wish and uses his inner darkness and past experiences to serve as a guiding light.
Popularity
The character has been highly popular in Japan. In 2017, Dazai was voted the fifth-best male character in Newtype magazine for his role in the anime series. In the 2017–2018 Newtype Anime Awards, Dazai took third place for his role in the film. In another poll, he took second place. He also had a cameo in the anime film Eureka Seven: Hi-Evolution. In a 2017 Otaku Hit Ranking poll, Dazai took tenth place in the category: Which one of these 2D characters do you think has been the most popular this year? In a Newtype poll, Dazai was voted the fourteenth-most-popular male anime character from the 2010s. Rebecca Silverman referred to Dazai as her favorite character from 2016; despite first appearing in multiple suicide jokes, she felt he showed depths that portray him as a more mature person who influences Atsushi and Akutagawa to become stronger people. In a Charapedia poll from 2016, Dazai was voted the most sexually appealing character in anime by female voters, while he took second place behind Rem from Re:Zero in the aggregate poll. In an Anime!Anime! poll, Dazai and Chuya were voted as one of the best anime rivals turned into allies.
During an interview, Anime News Network regarded Dazai as one of the series' most popular characters, leading to far more appearances in other works besides the manga. Asagiri was also surprised by this trend, and he considered that while there are several traits involving him besides Miyano's performance, he believes the reason for the character's popularity could be how interesting the core aspect behind his suicide attempts is, which attracts others, which he found unique based on his readings of the book No Longer Human written by the real Dazai.
References
Comics characters introduced in 2012
Fictional attempted suicides
Fictional characters based on real people
Fictional characters with anti-magic or power negation abilities
Fictional gangsters
Fictional Japanese people in anime and manga
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional pranksters
Fictional private investigators
Fictional tricksters
Male characters in anime and manga |
Hellfire is a 1949 American Trucolor Western film directed by R. G. Springsteen starring Wild Bill Elliott, Marie Windsor, Forrest Tucker and Jim Davis
Plot
Drifting gambler Zeb Smith promises a dying preacher who saved his life that he'll fulfill the preacher's lifelong goal to build a church.
He needs money and a $5,000 reward is out for lady outlaw Doll Brown, who has murdered Lew Stoner, her husband. Stoner's brothers Gyp, Red and Dusty are after her as well, as is Zeb's law-abiding pal, Marshal Bucky McLean.
Doll mocks his newfound faith and knocks Zeb unconscious after their first meeting. She rides to Cheyenne to look for her little sister, Jane Carson. The sheriff there, Duffy, tries to arrest Doll, and soon Bucky rides into town, too.
On the run, Zeb and Doll hide out in a cabin. By the time Bucky rides up, Doll's changed her whole look and he doesn't recognize her. Bucky confides to Zeb that he is married to Jane and would like to see Doll dead so no one will ever know Jane's dark family secret, that her sister is a notorious outlaw.
After being captured and roughed up by the Stoner boys, an angry Zeb is deputized by Duffy and goes after them. He arrests Doll, but she gets the drop on him in jail, locking him up. Doll is shot twice by the Stoners, who are about to shoot her again when Zeb manages to do away with all three. In his arms, Doll finally comes to appreciate Zeb's faith in God.
Cast
Wild Bill Elliott as Zeb Smith (as William Elliott
Marie Windsor as Doll Brown, also known as Mary Carson
Forrest Tucker as Bucky McLean
Jim Davis as Gyp Stoner
H. B. Warner as Brother Joseph
Paul Fix as Dusty Stoner
Grant Withers as Sheriff Martin
Emory Parnell as Sheriff Duffy
Esther Howard as Birdie
Jody Gilbert as Full Moon
Louis Faust as Red Stoner (as Louis R. Faust)
Harry Woods as Lew Stoner
Denver Pyle as Rex
Trevor Bardette as Wilson
Dewey Robinson as Cheyenne Bartender
External links
1949 films
1949 Western (genre) films
Republic Pictures films
Films about gambling
Films directed by R. G. Springsteen
American Western (genre) films
1940s American films |
Bacilly is a commune in the Manche department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package exec
import (
"reflect"
"testing"
)
func TestWithTee(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
cmd string
args []string
logfile string
expected []string
}{
{
cmd: "ls",
args: []string{"-l", "-a"},
logfile: "/var/log/ls.log",
expected: []string{
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"mkfifo /tmp/pipe; (tee -a /var/log/ls.log < /tmp/pipe & ) ; exec ls -l -a > /tmp/pipe 2>&1",
},
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
result := WithTee(test.cmd, test.args, test.logfile)
if !reflect.DeepEqual(result, test.expected) {
t.Errorf("Actual result %v, expected %v", result, test.expected)
}
}
}
``` |
```css
`currentColor` improves code reusability
The difference between `visibility:hidden` and `display:none`
Use pseudo-classes to describe a special state of an element
`:required` and `:optional` pseudo classes
Debug with `*` selector
``` |
The Chemin de Fer de Boulogne à Bonningues (CF de BB) was a gauge railway from Boulogne to Bonningues-lès-Ardres, Pas-de-Calais, France, where it had a connection with the Chemin de fer d'Anvin à Calais. It opened in 1900 and closed in 1948.
Background
In France, the building of railways was controlled by the Government. This avoided the duplication of routes that was seen in the United Kingdom and meant that the large cities and towns were connected. The citizens of the smaller towns and villages also wanted railways to be built to connect them to the network. The departments were given authority to oversee the construction of these minor lines, some of which were built to standard gauge and others were built to metre gauge or less.
The Loi Migneret of 12 July 1865 established that railways in France were to be classified as of Intérêt Général or Intérêt Local. The former were deemed to be of sufficient importance that they could be partly charged to the state. The latter were charged to the department.
History
In 1883, a proposal was put forward for a railway from Le Portel to Bonningues-lès-Ardres, in the Pas-de-Calais department. It was decided at an early stage that the line would have to go through Saint-Martin-Boulogne, a village from Boulogne which lies at an elevation of . This presented a problem as a direct line would be too steep for steam trains. Two options were considered, an route from the Gare de Boulogne-Ville northwards via Terlincthun and a route southwards via the Val Saint-Martin. Consideration was given to the line east of Licques running to Tournehem-sur-la-Hem instead of Bonningues-lès-Ardres.
In 1890, permission was given to the Compagnie des Chemins de Fer Économiques du Nord (CEN) to build three metre gauge railways in Pas-de-Calais. Two were to run from Boulogne; one to Le Portel and the other to Bonningues-lès-Ardres. The third line was to run from Frévent to Lens. The two lines from Boulogne were run separately, with the Boulogne–Le Portel line operated as an electric tramway.
The long line between Saint-Martin-Boulogne and Bonningues-lès-Ardres opened on 22 April 1900. In part, it ran through what is now the Parc naturel régional des Caps et Marais d'Opale. In 1901, the Tramways Électriques de Boulogne-sur-Mer (TEB) extended their tram line to Saint-Martin-Boulogne. This was to affect the viability of the section of line between Gare de Boulogne-Ville and Saint-Martin-Boulogne. The CF de BB was extended to the Gare de Boulogne-Ville on 12 May 1902, giving a total length of . Boulogne and Bonningues-lès-Ardres are from each other in a direct line. By November 1902, the CF de BB was asking the department for permission to reduce the number of trains between Gare de Boulogne-Ville and Saint-Martin-Boulogne. It is likely that the request was granted. In 1909, the CF de BB carried 112,946 passengers.
In 1911, a proposal was made to run a branch line from the Boulevard Daunou to Boulogne's waste incineration plant, on the banks of the Liane. The branch was used to transport waste from the incineration plant to the town dump on Val Saint-Martin.
The CF de BB remained behind Allied lines during World War I. Boulogne was evacuated in 1914 but was later one of the major ports used by the Allies to import materiel. The line saw little use by the military for much of the war. In November 1917, the British Army laid an long siding at La Waroquarie to serve a camp at Ostrohove. Following arguments re the provision of safety measures at the siding, from March 1918 a six-wagon train was run each night from Boulogne to La Waroquarie to bring in supplies.
Following the war, the CF de BB was suffering due to a lack of maintenance of its locomotives and stock during wartime, leading to poor timekeeping. Although services had been improved since 1917, when only one train a day ran the whole length of the line, there were still complaints. A 1919 request to reinstate a late train from Licques to Bonningues-lès-Ardres was refused on cost grounds. In the 1920s, extra trains were laid on from Boulogne to the Hippodrome de lInquéterie, a horse racing track between Blanc-Pignon and Souverain-Moulin. French bureaucracy required that the CF de BB had to apply for permission to run these extra trains for each and every race meeting. A new locomotive was ordered in 1922 at a cost of ₣108,000. It was in service by 1925. Another locomotive was ordered in 1924. In 1929, permission was given for part of the passenger service to be operated by buses.
On 31 December 1935, the department bought the concession to operate the CF de BB from the CEN. The line was closed completely between Val Saint-Martin and Colembert, and to passengers between Colembert and Bonningues-lès-Ardres. Freight services on the remaining section of the CF de BB were to be worked by the Chemin de fer d'Anvin à Calais (CF AC). The Boulogne end of the line was given to the Boulogne Town Council in January 1936, for an initial three-year period. It was reclassified as an industrial tramway. What locomotives operated in Boulogne after 1935 is not known, but they were not those of the CF de BB. In 1938, the railway between Val Saint-Martin and Colembert was officially declassified. In July 1939, six locomotives, 23 carriages, 32 goods wagons and five lorries were offered for sale by the department. Also offered for sale were the tools and effects from Saint-Martin-Boulogne depôt, and all moveable effects from the stations at Belle-Houllefort, La Capelle and Saint-Martin-Boulogne.
World War II broke out on 3 September 1939. On 7 May 1940, it was reported to the department that all tools and effects from the depôt at Saint-Martin-Boulogne had disappeared apart from the largest items. All six locomotives were in the depôt, but had been stripped of valuable metals such as copper. The wagons had been broken up and all wood removed. Only one lorry remained. The job of compiling a full inventory hampered by the fact that the depôt was occupied by a motorised unit of the French Army. It was reported that what was left was in a severely worn condition only fit for scrap and that there had been much theft and pillaging. Boulogne fell into German hands on 24 May 1940. The Pas-de-Calais department became a zone of special control, administered by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht in Brussels, Belgium. Along the coast was the "red zone". It was said that French law did not apply in this zone. Under the terms of the armistice, France was to hand over its railways to the Germans undamaged and was to work with the German authorities to restore them to serviceable condition.
In September 1942, the Marine Verpflugungamt (MVA) decreed that the line between Boulogne and Colombert was to be brought back into use. It was reported that the section between the Gare de Boulogne-Ville and Le Portel was being operated by TEB. Boulogne Town Council were also using the line to Val Saint-Martin. Seven sections of railway, totaling had been lifted and some sections of track at level crossings had been tarmaced over. About a quarter of the sleepers would have to be replaced. No rolling stock from the CF de BB was available. It would cost ₣2.65 million to return the railway to use. The line reopened in November 1942 with two trains a day available for conscripted workers. The railway ceased to be used for the transport of waste at Boulogne in April 1944, due to its stock being requisitioned by the Germans. The track serving the incineration plant was taken up. In May 1943, the MVA required two trains to run daily between Lumbres and Boulogne. From 7 June, ten trains a day were to run between Lumbres and Saint-Martin-Boulogne with supplies for the Kriegsmarine. These trains were to be operated by the Compagnie Générale des Voies Ferrées d'Intérêt Local (VFIL). Boulogne was bombed by the Allies on 17 September 1944 and liberated on 22 September. The Gare de Boulougne-Ville and all bridges over the Liane had been destroyed, as was the bridge over the Route de Paris. The latter was not rebuilt.
In 1945, the mayors of the communes served by the CF de BB held a meeting, requesting the reopening of the line between Saint-Martin-Boulogne and Colembert. They pointed out that it had already been refurbished and returned to use by the Germans. Although there was support from the Conseil-Général, the line had been damaged between Saint-Martin-Boulogne and Blanc-Pignon. Further inspection revealed that the Germans had only made the line fit for short-term use. It was stated in 1946 that bus services then being provided were adequate. VFIL stated that it was costing ₣9 million per year to run the freight service from Colembert to Bonningues-lès-Ardres. The line closed in 1948.
Accidents and incidents
There were many minor accidents, mostly involving horse-drawn vehicles at level crossings. A few were of a more serious nature.
In October 1910, locomotive 51 derailed at Bonningues-lès-Ardres. The cause was attributed to the CF de BB locomotives having shallower wheel flanges than the CF AC locomotives.
On 19 January 1911, a drunk man sleeping across the tracks between Pernes and Souverain-Moulin was run over in the dark by a train. Both feet had to be amputated.
On 21 January 1911, two horses were startled by a train near Le Wast-Alicthun. One of the carts ended up being crushed by the train when the horse bolted. The three people on board were thrown clear and suffered minor injuries. The subsequent enquiry place the blame on the horses.
On 22 June 1911, two men attempted to board a train on the move between Saint-Martin-Boulogne and Belle-Houlefort. The first succeeded, but the second slipped and became trapped under carriage 556. The train was stopped and he was taken to hospital by a passing doctor and later had his right foot amputated. The company decided not to take any further action against him. It is not known whether the fact that the victim was the son of the Mayor of Boulogne had a bearing on the decision.
In September and October 1912, locomotive 47 derailed three times at or near Tournehem-sur-la-Hem. A meeting between the CF AC and CF de BB failed to find a definite cause for one of the derailments, but it was thought that there was too much weight on the locomotive's centre axle. The locomotives short () wheelbase may also have been a factor. Adjustments were made to the springing to put more weight on the first and third axle. The cause of the other two derailments were attributed to the track being wide of gauge, at .
On 22 June 1924, a passenger train hauled by locomotive 48, comprising five second-class and one first-class carriage, was derailed between Le Wast-Alicthun and Belle-Houllefort. Carriage 567 ended up on the N42. At least one passenger was injured. No explanation was found for the derailment, although it was noted that the locomotive was not fitted with a speedometer.
On 7 April 1943, a rake of wagons ran away after being detached from a train at La Cappelle. They collided with a train from Belle-Houllefort.
Description of the line
From the Quay Chanzy at Boulogne-Ville, the railway ran in the street, across the Pont de la Lampe over the Liane. One side of this bridge had to be strengthened to take the weight of the trains, trams of the Tramways Électrique du Boulogne ran on the other side, which did not need to be strengthened. The railway then ran along the Rue Pierre Daunou, under the Boulogne–Calais railway and along the Rue de Brecquerecque to La Madeleine Halte. Leaving the road, the railway began a climb to Saint-Martin-Boulogne, crossing the Route de Paris by means of an overbridge with a span of and a clearance of over the road. The line continued around the Val Saint-Martin through Ostrohove and La Waroquerie to Saint-Martin-Boulogne, at an elevation of . Saint-Martin-Boulogne was the headquarters of the CF de BB, with a locomotive depôt and carriage sheds located near the station. The line then descended through Blanc-Pignon to Le Wast-Alincthun () before climbing again through Colembert to a summit at between Longueville and Surques. The line descended to Licques ( before climbing to Bonningues-lès Ardres, where there was a junction with the Chemin de fer d'Anvin à Calais.
Rails were Vignole rails, except between Boulogne and La Madelaine, where tramway rails of were used. Minimum curve radius was . Maximum gradient was 30mm/m for near Ostrohove. The next steepest gradient was 22mm/m for between Le Wast-Alicthun and Colembert. Apart from the bridge over the Route de Paris, the only other significant bridge was that over the Hem near Audenfort.
Stations
Station had a two-storey building, some of which had a single storey wing that handled freight traffic. Halts had a single storey building. Arrêts may have been provided with shelters, although some had no facilities. For further details of stations marked (CF AC), refer to the article on that system.
Boulogne - point. The CF BB started alongside the Gare de Boulogne-Ville on the Quai Chanzy. Elevation .
Rue de la Lampe - from Boulogne. An arrêt. Elevation . Closed shortly after opening.
Rue de la Liane - An arrêt. Elevation . Closed shortly after opening.
Abbatoir - from Boulogne. An arrêt. Elevation .
La Madelaine - from Boulogne. A halt. Elevation .
Ostrohove - from Boulogne. An arrêt, upgraded to halt status by 1935. Elevation ).
La Waroquerie - from Boulogne. An arrêt. Elevation .
Saint-Martin-Boulogne - from Boulogne. A station, and the main station on the line. Elevation .
Blanc-Pignon - from Boulogne. An arrêt. Elevation .
Souverain-Moulin - from Boulogne. An arrêt. Elevation .
Pernes - from Boulogne. A halt. Elevation .
La Cappelle - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
La Fôret - from Boulogne. An arrêt. Elevation .
Conteville - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
Belle-et-Houllefort - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
Le Wast-Alincthun - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
Le Plouy - from Boulogne. An arrêt opened between 1900 and 1937. Elevation .
Colembert - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
Longueville - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
Escœuilles - An arrêt opened between 1900 and 1937.
Surques - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
Le Mouflon - from Boulogne. An arrêt . Elevation .
Bainghen - An arret opened between 1900 and 1937.
Herbinghen-Hocquinghen - from Boulogne. A halt. Elevation .
Licques - from Boulogne. A station. Elevation .
Audenfort - from Boulogne. A halt. Elevation .
Bonningues (CF AC) - from Boulogne. A Type 2 station. Elevation .
Rolling stock
Locomotives
The CF de BB operated the following steam locomotives.
Passenger stock
For the opening of the line in 1900, 22 four-wheeled carriages were bought. These had end platforms. Three were first class, with seats for six passengers and room for eight more to stand. They also doubled as fourgons (baggage cars). The other nineteen carriages were second class, eighteen seated and fourteen standing. By 1914, a composite carriage had been added to the fleet.
Freight stock
For the opening of the line in 1900, 52 wagons were bought. These were a mixture of flat wagons, open wagons and vans. Following World War I, 28 further ex-British Army wagons were acquired. When the line closed, 4 flat wagons, 15 open wagons and 13 vans were offered for sale.
References
Sources
Transport in Pas-de-Calais
Metre gauge railways in France
Railway companies of France
Railway lines opened in 1900
Railway lines closed in 1948 |
Hanuš Folkmann (30 December 1876 – 10 May 1936) was a Czechoslovak sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
References
1876 births
1936 deaths
Czechoslovak sculptors
Olympic competitors in art competitions
Artists from Prague |
O Maria is a Konkani language film released in 2010 in Goa, India. It is the fourth film by Rajendra Talak after the National Award winning Aleesha in 2004, Antarnad in 2006 and Sawariya.com in 2008.
Plot
Maria is a single woman of forty plus, living alone with her mother, running a quiet business of putting up tourists in her house by the sea and a small restaurant. She has the good fortune of owning a land and a house in a prime spot by the sea which is eyed by developers.
The subject of sale of land in Goa and the outsider/insider issue has been plaguing the state for sometime and O Maria revolves around the same subject. In 2009 another Konkani film Zagor was also made on the same lines.
Maria (Shernaz Patel) is a middle aged single woman who lives with her ailing mother (Sulbha Arya) and has foreign tourists as paying guests at her beachside home while she also runs a small restaurant. While one of her brother's sons Kevin (Kevin D'Mello) looks upon her as a mother, the other Jack (Aryan Khedekar) teams up with his mother, Philomena (Meenacshi Martins) to sell their ancestral property which is at a prime location to a Gujarati property developer Jiten Shah 'Jitubhai' (Tiku Talsania). For this he needs Maria’s approval because her brother John (tiatrist Roseferns) has already signed an agreement to this effect.
Mike (Cory Goldberg), an American staying as a guest with Maria, also gets dragged into the issue. Cory Goldberg had earlier played the role of a tourist in the Incredible India ad campaign. Ruzar (tiatrist John D'Silva) plays the sacristan who gets the villages together.
Reception
The director was praised for his mature handling of the theme and for his realistic portrayal of Goans involved in the tourism industry and also his depiction of the way of life of Goan Christians.
Not only did the film become the first Konkani film to cross the 50-day and 100-day barriers, but it also completed 25 weeks at the Inox multiplex at Panjim on 3 June 2011.
However, there has been criticism that the plot was over simplified and the significant role of corrupt Goan politicians in such land deals was not shown. Music director, Remo Fernandes, disappointed that the song 'Maka Naka Tuka Naka' against corruption was dropped from the movie for unknown reasons after its video was filmed, said that since the CD was released by the Chief Minister and the Chief Minister was thanked in the very first frame, the director probably found his hands tied up.
The choice of Shernaz Patel for the lead role was also commented upon as being a non-Goan, her pronunciations of Konkani were not up to the mark, even though her acting efforts were appreciated.
Music
Remo Fernandes has played every instrument on these tracks, sung all the male voices, and played the role of recording and pre-mixing engineer. The lyrics are by Saish Poi Palondikar.
Four tracks were released by M. B. Creations and music label Rock and Raaga:
Laranchim Cantaram: Sung by Remo Fernandes
Surganchim Fati: Sung by Remo Fernandes and Queenie Fernandes
Adeus Mai: Voices by Chriselle Mendonsa and Shine Fernandes
Maka Naka Tuka Naka: Sung by Remo Fernandes
The music of the movie has become very popular and has been critically acclaimed.
References
External links
Goan music
Films set in Goa
2010s Konkani-language films |
Buğra Mert Alkayalar (5 June 1998, Yozgat), is a Turkish director and screenwriter.
He completed his elementary education in Tekirdağ, Turkey and started studying Film and Television at University of Anatolia in 2016. Meanwhile, he completed his voice acting training in 2018 with the leadership of Kadir Özübek. He won an Audience Special Award for his experimental short film "Disintegration" at 6th International Antakya Film Festival. He also won a Best Thriller award for his short thriller Why Not? (2019) from IMDb's official Top Shorts Film Festival, and a Best Student Film award from Direct Monthly Online Film Festival.
Filmography
Be Careful What You Say (short film, 2020)
Why Not? (short film, 2019)
Fairy (short film, 2019)
In The Pink (short film, 2019)
Visitors at The Door (documentary short, 2018)
Disintegration (short film, 2018)
Session (short, 2018/II)
Separated (short, 2018)
Nominations
Festival Nominations
2020: Be Careful What You Say (nominee, best short)
2019: Fairy (nominee, best short film)
2019: Why Not? (nominee, best short film)
2019: Why Not? (nominee, best thriller)
2019: Why Not? (nominee, best student short)
2019: Why Not? (nominee, film of the month)
2019: Why Not? (nominee, best screenplay)
2018: Disintegration (nominee, best short experimental film)
Awards
Festival Awards
2019: Why Not? (WON Best Student Short Film of the Month)
2019: Why Not (WON Best Thriller)
References
Living people
1998 births
People from Yozgat
Turkish directors
Turkish male screenwriters |
```c
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
* deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
* rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
* sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
* IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include "uv.h"
#include "task.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define CHECK_HANDLE(handle) \
ASSERT((uv_udp_t*)(handle) == &server || (uv_udp_t*)(handle) == &client)
static uv_udp_t server;
static uv_udp_t client;
static int sv_send_cb_called;
static int close_cb_called;
static void close_cb(uv_handle_t* handle) {
CHECK_HANDLE(handle);
close_cb_called++;
}
static void sv_send_cb(uv_udp_send_t* req, int status) {
ASSERT(req != NULL);
ASSERT(status == 0);
CHECK_HANDLE(req->handle);
sv_send_cb_called++;
uv_close((uv_handle_t*) req->handle, close_cb);
}
TEST_IMPL(udp_multicast_interface6) {
int r;
uv_udp_send_t req;
uv_buf_t buf;
struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
struct sockaddr_in6 baddr;
if (!can_ipv6())
RETURN_SKIP("IPv6 not supported");
ASSERT(0 == uv_ip6_addr("::1", TEST_PORT, &addr));
r = uv_udp_init(uv_default_loop(), &server);
ASSERT(r == 0);
ASSERT(0 == uv_ip6_addr("::", 0, &baddr));
r = uv_udp_bind(&server, (const struct sockaddr*)&baddr, 0);
ASSERT(r == 0);
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
r = uv_udp_set_multicast_interface(&server, "::1%lo0");
#else
r = uv_udp_set_multicast_interface(&server, NULL);
#endif
ASSERT(r == 0);
/* server sends "PING" */
buf = uv_buf_init("PING", 4);
r = uv_udp_send(&req,
&server,
&buf,
1,
(const struct sockaddr*)&addr,
sv_send_cb);
ASSERT(r == 0);
ASSERT(close_cb_called == 0);
ASSERT(sv_send_cb_called == 0);
/* run the loop till all events are processed */
uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
ASSERT(sv_send_cb_called == 1);
ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
return 0;
}
``` |
```objective-c
#pragma once
#ifndef TTIO_PNG_INCLUDED
#define TTIO_PNG_INCLUDED
#include "tiio.h"
//#include "timage_io.h"
#include "tproperty.h"
#include <QCoreApplication>
//===========================================================================
namespace Tiio {
//===========================================================================
class PngWriterProperties final : public TPropertyGroup {
Q_DECLARE_TR_FUNCTIONS(PngWriterProperties)
public:
// TEnumProperty m_pixelSize;
TBoolProperty m_matte;
PngWriterProperties();
void updateTranslation() override;
};
//===========================================================================
Tiio::Reader *makePngReader();
Tiio::Writer *makePngWriter();
} // namespace
#endif
``` |
```c++
// This file is part of libigl, a simple c++ geometry processing library.
//
//
// v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can
// obtain one at path_to_url
#include "parula.h"
#include "colormap.h"
template <typename T>
IGL_INLINE void igl::parula(const T x, T * rgb)
{
igl::colormap(igl::COLOR_MAP_TYPE_PARULA,x, rgb);
}
template <typename T>
IGL_INLINE void igl::parula(const T f, T & r, T & g, T & b)
{
igl::colormap(igl::COLOR_MAP_TYPE_PARULA, f, r, g, b);
}
template <typename DerivedZ, typename DerivedC>
IGL_INLINE void igl::parula(
const Eigen::MatrixBase<DerivedZ> & Z,
const bool normalize,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedC> & C)
{
igl::colormap(igl::COLOR_MAP_TYPE_PARULA, Z, normalize, C);
}
template <typename DerivedZ, typename DerivedC>
IGL_INLINE void igl::parula(
const Eigen::MatrixBase<DerivedZ> & Z,
const double min_z,
const double max_z,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedC> & C)
{
igl::colormap(igl::COLOR_MAP_TYPE_PARULA, Z, min_z, max_z, C);
}
#ifdef IGL_STATIC_LIBRARY
// Explicit template instantiation
// generated by autoexplicit.sh
template void igl::parula<Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1>, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(Eigen::MatrixBase<Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1> > const&, double, double, Eigen::PlainObjectBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >&);
// generated by autoexplicit.sh
template void igl::parula<Eigen::Array<int, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1>, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(Eigen::MatrixBase<Eigen::Array<int, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1> > const&, bool, Eigen::PlainObjectBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >&);
template void igl::parula<double>(double, double*);
template void igl::parula<double>(double, double&, double&, double&);
template void igl::parula<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1>, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(Eigen::MatrixBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1> > const&, bool, Eigen::PlainObjectBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >&);
template void igl::parula<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1>, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(Eigen::MatrixBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> > const&, bool, Eigen::PlainObjectBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >&);
template void igl::parula<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1>, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(Eigen::MatrixBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> > const&, double, double, Eigen::PlainObjectBase<Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >&);
#endif
``` |
Kristof Calvo y Castañer (born 30 January 1987) is a Belgian politician. He is a member of the Flemish left-wing green party. At the moment he is a federal representative. In the period 2014-2021, Calvo was rotating parliamentary group leader of Ecolo-Groen in the federal Chamber of Representatives. Since January 2013, he has been a councillor in Mechelen and since 2018 he is the leader of the joint list of liberals, greens and independents in the city council.
Calvo was born in Rumst to a Spanish Catalan father, himself born in Barcelona but who migrated to Belgium with his family in 1960, and a Belgian mother. At home the family spoke Dutch and Kristof declared to the Barcelona's newspaper La Vanguardia in 2010 that he doesn't have enough vocabulary to speak Spanish and Catalan. He doesn't have the Spanish nationality. In 2010, at the age of 23, he became the youngest direct-elected representative in Belgian history.
During the controversy over the Belgian federal government's attitude towards the 2017 Spanish constitutional crisis, Kristof Calvo took a moderate attitude: condemnation of the violences by the Spanish police against Catalans but pleading for a dialogue between Madrid and the Catalans.
During the parliamentary session 2019-2024 , Calvo focuses mainly on social affairs, work, democratic renewal, institutional affairs and European policy.
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Belgian people of Spanish descent
People from Rumst
Groen (political party) politicians
Members of the Belgian Federal Parliament
21st-century Belgian politicians |
Noel Callaghan (born 16 May 1955) is an Australian tennis coach and former professional player.
Callaghan, raised in Sydney, was a top-ranked junior in New South Wales and trained with Charlie Hollis, who also coached Rod Laver. He toured professionally for 10 years and during the 1970s he competed on the European circuit. He competed at the Wimbledon Championships five times whereby both Noel and fellow Aussie Jenny Walker made the round of 16 in 1976, losing a tight 3 setter on Centre Court.
A former New South Wales state coach, Callaghan has coached many professional players, including Brad Drewett, Wally Masur, Jelena Dokic, and Samantha Stosur.
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Australian male tennis players
Australian tennis coaches
Tennis players from Sydney
Sportsmen from New South Wales |
The English gothic rock band Alien Sex Fiend have released 13 studio albums, six live albums, 17 compilation albums, two extended plays, 22 singles and eight video albums. Most of their releases have been on Anagram Records, a sub-label of Cherry Red Records. The band have also released three studio albums and three singles on the 13th Moon label, founded in 1996 by band members Nik Wade (Nik Fiend) and Christine Wade (Mrs. Fiend).
In the 1980s, the band's releases regularly reached the top 20 on the UK Indie Chart, beginning with the 1983 release of "Ignore the Machine", which peaked at No. 6 on the UK Indie Singles Chart. Between 1983 and 1987, 12 more Alien Sex Fiend singles appeared on the charts, all but one of which reached the top 20. Five of their albums made the top 20 on the UK Independent Album Chart.
Two mid-1980s singles also made the official UK Singles Chart: "Dead and Buried" peaked at No. 91 in 1984, while a reissued version of "Ignore the Machine" reached No. 99 the following year. Maximum Security was the band's sole album to make the UK Albums Chart, reaching No. 100 in 1985.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Box sets
Video albums
EPs
Singles
References
External links
Punk rock group discographies
Discographies of British artists |
```javascript
Hoisting
Anonymous functions
Function call method
Move cursor at the end of text input
Check if a document is done loading
``` |
Jungle Tales of Tarzan is a collection of twelve loosely connected short stories by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, comprising the sixth book in order of publication in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. Chronologically the events recounted in it occur within Chapter 11 of the first Tarzan novel, Tarzan of the Apes, between Tarzan's avenging of his ape foster mother's death and his becoming leader of his ape tribe. The stories ran monthly in Blue Book magazine, September 1916 through August 1917 before book publication in 1919.
Contents
The book is a collection of 12 loosely connected short stories of Tarzan's late teenage years, set within a year or two before Tarzan first sees white people including Jane Porter. According to Tarzan Alive, Philip José Farmer's study of the ape man's life and career, the incidents of this book occurred from February, 1907-August, 1908 (aside from the eclipse incident in the final tale, there apparently having been no such eclipse visible from equatorial Africa during this period).
"Tarzan's First Love". Tarzan's courtship of the female ape Teeka ends in failure when her preference turns to their mutual friend, the male ape Taug. Tarzan wrestles with his humanness versus his ape-ness. The allusion to Helen of Troy enriches the story, making Tarzan and Taug's fight over Teeka take on symbolic proportions. Stan Galloway writes: "when Burroughs chooses to name Helen as an objective correlative for Teeka, he expects both literal and emotional connections to occur." Tarzan's final claim of the story—"Tarzan is a man. He will go alone."—echoes the plight of Adam in the Garden of Eden.
"The Capture of Tarzan". Tarzan is taken captive by the warriors of a village of cannibals which has established a village near the territory of the ape tribe. He is saved from them by Tantor, the elephant.
"The Fight for the Balu". Teeka and Taug have a baby (balu, in the ape language), which Teeka names Gazan and will not allow Tarzan near. She changes her mind after Tarzan saves the baby from a leopard.
"The God of Tarzan". Tarzan discovers the concept of "God" in the books preserved in the cabin of his deceased parents, to which he pays regular visits. He inquires among members of his ape tribe for further elucidation without success, and continues his investigation among the cannibals of the nearby village and the natural phenomena of his world, such as the sun and moon. Eventually he concludes that God is none of these, but the creative force permeating everything. Somehow, though, the dreaded snake Histah falls outside this.
"Tarzan and the Black Boy". Jealous of Taug and Teeka's relationship with their baby, Tarzan kidnaps Tibo, a little boy from the neighboring village to be his own "balu". He tries with indifferent success to teach the terrified and homesick child ape ways. Meanwhile, Momaya, Tibo's mother does everything she can think of to find and recover her son, even visiting the hermit witch-doctor Bukawai, a terrible, diseased exile who keeps two fearsome hyenas as pets. He names a price for recovering Tibo she cannot afford, and she leaves disappointed. Afterwards, however, Tarzan, who is moved by Tibo's distress and his mother's love, returns the boy to her.
"The Witch-Doctor Seeks Vengeance". Bukawai attempts to claim credit for Tibo's return and extort payment from the boy's mother, but is rebuffed. He plots vengeance against the native family and Tarzan, but is thwarted by the ape man. In this story Tarzan's life in the wild is contrasted with scenes from the civilized existence of his cousin in England, living the life he might have had had his parents not been marooned in Africa. The cousin does not shine in the comparison.
"The End of Bukawai". Bukawai, finding Tarzan unconscious after a storm, takes the ape man captive and stakes him out for his hyenas to devour. Escaping, Tarzan leaves the witch doctor in the same trap, in which Bukawai suffers the very fate he had intended for his enemy.
"The Lion". Tarzan vainly attempts to impress on his ape tribe the necessity of maintaining a strict watch against the hazards and perils surrounding them. To drive home the lesson, he dons a lionskin he has taken from Mbonga's village and suddenly appears among them, only to find them more vigilant than he had thought, as they mob him and nearly beat him to death. He is saved only by the courage of his monkey friend Manu, which he had also previously under-rated, who risks all to reveal to Teeka and Taug that the "lion" is actually Tarzan.
"The Nightmare". Having been unsuccessful hunting, Tarzan robs the native village of some rotten elephant meat, which he eats. Becoming ill from the tainted meal, he has a horrible nightmare, in which he dreams himself menaced by a lion, an eagle, and huge snake with the head of a village native. He is carried off by a giant bird but wakes in the fall from its grasp, finding himself back in the tree where he'd gone to sleep. He realizes the incidents were not real. Subsequently attacked by a gorilla, he assumes that this too is a product of his fevered imagination, until actually wounded and hurt. He kills the beast, but is left to wonder what is real and what is fantasy. The only thing he is certain of is that he will never again eat the meat of an elephant.
"The Battle for Teeka". Discovering bullet cartridges in his deceased father's cabin, Tarzan takes them with him as curios. Subsequently, Teeka is taken by an ape from another tribe, and Tarzan and Taug join forces to trail the kidnapper and rescue her. When they catch up, they are surrounded by the enemy tribe and nearly overwhelmed, until Teeka throws the cartridges at their foes in an apparently futile effort to help. When some of them hit a rock, they explode, frightening the hostile apes and saving her "rescuers".
"A Jungle Joke". As part of his campaign of torment and trickery against the native village, whose members he holds responsible for his ape foster mother's death, Tarzan captures Rabba Kega, the local witch doctor, and puts him in a trap the natives have set to catch a lion. The next day the warriors find they have caught the lion, but it has killed the witch doctor. They take the lion to the village. Tarzan secretly releases it and appears among them dressed in the lionskin he had previously used to trick the apes. Dropping the disguise, he reveals himself and leaves. When the natives muster enough courage, they follow, only to encounter the real lion, which they assume is Tarzan in his disguise again. They are quickly disabused.
"Tarzan Rescues the Moon". Tarzan frees a native warrior the apes have caught on being impressed by the man's bravery, angering the rest of the ape tribe. Alienated, he exiles himself to his parents' cabin. Later, frightened by an eclipse in which darkness appears to devour the moon, they summon him back. Tarzan reassures them by shooting arrows at the "devourer", and as the eclipse passes is given credit by the creatures for the "rescue".
Characters in order of appearance
Tarzan
Teeka
Taug
Sheeta
Tantor
Buto
Mumga
Numgo
Mbonga
Histah
Tibo
Bukawai
Sabor
Momaya
William Cecil Clayton
Tublat
Kala
Rabba Kega
Manu
Gunto
Toog
Gazan
Numa
Critical reception
Erling B. Holtsmark explores these stories topically in Tarzan and Tradition along with the first five Tarzan novels. The book is indexed to provide help in locating the commentary on each story.
Stan Galloway's The Teenage Tarzan: A Literary Analysis of Edgar Rice Burroughs' Jungle Tales of Tarzan provides the first extended study of this collection of short stories. The Teenage Tarzan explores each story, usually in the order of composition, with references to Tarzan of the Apes and other books written by Burroughs. The study includes reference to other media as well, where Tarzan is a character, and a particular interest in literary symbols at work in the stories. Galloway's book also contains a useful index.
Both Holtsmark and Galloway approach the stories seriously and positively, providing a counter to a largely dismissive earlier reception.
Anthology reprints
Galloway records that "Tarzan's First Love" has been reprinted in Love Stories, edited by Martin Levin and High Adventure, edited by Cynthia Manson and Charles Ardai.
Galloway records that "The Battle for Teeka" also appeared in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine in May 1964 as well as Ellery Queen's 1970 Anthology (1969).
Adaptations in comics
Stories from the book have been adapted into comic form on a number of occasions.
Charlton Comics adapted eight of the stories, including "The Capture of Tarzan", "The Fight for the Balu", "The Battle for Teeka", "Tarzan Rescues the Moon", "The Nightmare", "The God of Tarzan", "The Lion" and "A Jungle Joke" in Jungle Tales of Tarzan nos. 1-4, dated December 1964-June 1965.
Gold Key Comics adapted four of the stories, including "The Capture of Tarzan", "The God of Tarzan", "Tarzan and the Black Boy" and "A Jungle Joke" in Tarzan nos. 169-170, dated July–August 1967, with scripts by Gaylord DuBois and art by Alberto Giolitti.
DC Comics adapted three of the stories, including "The Capture of Tarzan", "The Fight for the Balu" and "The Nightmare" in Tarzan nos. 212-214, dated September–November 1972, reprinting the second in two parts in Tarzan nos. 252-253, dated August–September 1976, and the third in Tarzan no. 257, dated January 1977.
Burne Hogarth, illustrator and former Tarzan comic strip artist, adapted four of the stories, including "Tarzan's First Love", "The Capture of Tarzan", "The God of Tarzan" and "The Nightmare" in his showcase graphic novel Jungle Tales of Tarzan (1976), a follow-up to his earlier graphic novel Tarzan of the Apes (1972), which adapted the original Tarzan novel.
Marvel Comics adapted seven of the stories, including "Tarzan Rescues the Moon", "The God of Tarzan", "The Lion", "A Jungle Joke" and "The Battle for Teeka" in Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle nos. 7, 9, and 12-14, dated December 1977, February 1978, and May–July 1978, as well as "Tarzan's First Love" and "The End of Bukawai" in Tarzan Annual no. 1, dated December 1977.
Malibu Comics adapted one of the stories, "Tarzan's First Love", in Tarzan: Love, Lies...and the Lost City no. 1, 1992.
Sequential Pulp adapted all the tales for Dark Horse Comics in 2015 in a graphic album.
References
External links
ERB C.H.A.S.E.R ENCYCLOPEDIA entry for Jungle Tales of Tarzan
Text of the novel at Project Gutenberg
1919 fantasy novels
Fantasy short story collections
1919 short story collections
Short story collections by Edgar Rice Burroughs
A. C. McClurg books
Tarzan |
Natsue Yoshimura (吉村夏枝 Yoshimura Natsue, born 19 August 1973) is a former J-pop singer and member of the groups Lip's and Nanatsuboshi. She was born in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, and made her debut on 21 March 1990.
External links
1973 births
Living people
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese idols
Japanese actresses
Japanese television personalities
Singers from Shimane Prefecture
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers |
Peter Platou Stabell (12 August 1908 – 10 March 1992) was a Norwegian barrister.
He was born in Kolbu as a son of attorney Bernhard Dunker Stabell (1878–1929) and Dorothea Antoinette Platou (1883–1964). In 1948 he married American citizen Dorothy Nicholson. Stabell was a brother of diplomat Adolf Bredo Stabell, a distant descendant of the newspaper editor Adolf Bredo Stabell and uncle of actor Thea Stabell.
He took the examen artium in 1927 and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.jur. degree in 1932, together with his brother. He was an attorney in Gjøvik for one year before being deputy judge in Toten District Court from 1934. After studying at the London School of Economics in 1937, he was hired as a secretary in the employers' association . In 1940, following the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was hired as a secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice-in-exile in London. He was promoted to assistant secretary, but returned home after the Second World War to work as an attorney in Oslo from 1945 to 1949.
In 1949 he became a barrister with the access to work with Supreme Court cases. He was a partner in a law firm together with Herman Christiansen and Wilhelm Bugge. From 1965 he was a partner with Otto Chr. Ottesen, adding Niels M. Heiberg to the team in 1971. By his death at the age 84, the law firm was named Stabell Tellmann Strøm.
Stabell chaired Odda Smelteverk and Skaland Grafitverk from 1952, was a supervisory council member of Andresens Bank from 1959, and a board member of Automagnet/Robert Bosch Norge from 1948, Tyssefaldene from 1952, the Norwegian Branch of the International Law Association from 1952, Norsk Christiani & Nielsen from 1957, Kolberg Caspary from 1960 to 1970, Harald A. Møller from 1961, Norsk Marconikompani from 1963 and Borden Kjemi from 1966.
He died in March 1992 and was buried at Vestre gravlund.
References
1908 births
1992 deaths
People from Østre Toten
Norwegian twins
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian civil servants
Norwegian expatriates in the United Kingdom
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
Platou family
Burials at Vestre gravlund |
Delmar is a town in Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. The population was 3,003 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. When the population is added to Delmar, Delaware, the town's total population is 4,600.
History
The Town of Delmar was founded in October 1859 with the extension of the Delaware Railroad to the southern boundary of Delaware. The Transpeninsular Line was responsible for the founding of this unique bi-state town because the Charter of the Delaware Railroad Company permitted only the building of a railroad within the State of Delaware and the charter of the corresponding railroad company in Maryland permitted only the laying of railroad track within the State of Maryland. Thus, in 1859, the two respective railroads met and the Town of Delmar was born. The name of Delmar was derived for this railroad center from the states whose line it straddles – DELaware and MARyland.
The Town of Delmar grew slowly until 1884 when the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad Co. completed a railroad from Pocomoke City, Maryland to Cape Charles, Virginia and also established a ferry service across the Chesapeake Bay between Cape Charles and Norfolk, Virginia. These new developments immediately made the Delmarva Peninsula an important link between the north and south. The Town of Delmar, being the midway town of the Delmarva Peninsula and already a railroad terminal, was the point for trains to change crews and locomotives and also a center for maintenance of the rolling equipment. As a result of these developments, a tremendous influx of experienced railroad men into the community and considerable extra employment was furnished for local townspeople. During this accelerated rapid growth period, Delmar became a "boom town". New dwelling units sprang up all over town and new businesses were established to meet the demands of its growing population. By 1889, the population of the Town of Delmar had increased to 680 and was still growing.
In 1888, the Town of Delmar, Maryland was granted a charter by the General Assembly of Maryland. An examination of this charter and the laws of Maryland fails to reveal any mention of the twin town of Delmar, Delaware. Therefore, it could be assumed that up until this time there was very little cooperation between halves of the Town of Delmar. The Town of Delmar was almost entirely destroyed by fire in 1892 and again in 1901. The first fire destroyed everything in its path over a ten-acre (40,000 m2) area and the second major fire was almost as destructive. In each instance, the Town of Delmar was rebuilt and continued as a flourishing town. The first indication of any cooperation between Delmar, Maryland and Delmar, Delaware came in 1924 when surveys were conducted for a possible sewerage system for the entire Town of Delmar. The construction of the sewerage system in 1927 was considered the first joint project between the two towns in that the law provided that both towns would maintain the outfall sewer with Maryland paying the expenses and billing the Delaware side one-half of all costs.
The biggest push towards abolishing the jurisdictional, legal effects of the State line came when the Lions Club voted to sponsor a project for the consolidation of the two school systems in the town. Since the town was founded, each side had its own individual school with the one in Delaware operating under the local School Board and the Maryland School operating under the Wicomico County Board of Education. This very controversial issue was bitterly contested for over three years and finally in 1949, this dream became a reality when the junior and senior high schools were consolidated into one school using the Delaware facilities. Four years later the fourth, fifth and sixth grades were also consolidated with classes in the Maryland school. This controversial decision represented one of the greatest steps forward educationally for the town of Delmar and also towards eliminating the jurisdictional barrier between the two parts of town.
Geography
Delmar is located at (38.4509, −75.5695).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
The median income for a household in the town was $28,462, and the median income for a family was $31,991. Males had a median income of $29,643 versus $20,885 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,821. About 16.9% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 18.7% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,003 people, 1,162 households, and 742 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,382 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 68.2% White, 21.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 1.6% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.6% of the population.
There were 1,162 households, of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.1% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.11.
The median age in the town was 30.5 years. 27.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.4% were from 25 to 44; 22.7% were from 45 to 64; and 8.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 45.7% male and 54.3% female.
Education
Wicomico County Public Schools operates Delmar Elementary School. It opened in 1920 and was a grade 7-12 school in 1923 but later became the elementary school. The original building consists of the main office and the second floor, with other parts of the first floor being further expansions. It was previously known as Maryland Elementary School.
Students on the Maryland side may go to public school in the Delmar School District in Delaware, which operates Delmar Middle School and Delmar Senior High School. Residents of Delmar, Maryland may attend the Delmar, Delaware schools or they may attend Wicomico Middle School.
Notable people
Lewis J. Fields, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant general
Elihu Emory Jackson – Governor of Maryland (1888–1892)
Edward L. Fike (1920-2011), journalist and publisher in California, Montana, North Carolina, Ohio, and Virginia.
Trivia
Delmar was one of the filming locations for the 1986 horror movie Redneck Zombies.
See also
Twin cities (geographical proximity)
Delmar, Delaware
References
External links
Towns of Delmar, Delaware and Maryland
Greater Delmar Chamber of Commerce
Towns in Maryland
Towns in Wicomico County, Maryland
Salisbury metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1859
1859 establishments in Maryland |
SS Veendam was a Dutch-owned transatlantic liner, launched in Scotland in 1922 and scrapped in the United States in 1953. She was part of the first generation of turbine-powered steamships in the Holland America Line (Nederlandsch-Amerikaansche Stoomvaart Maatschappij, or NASM) fleet. Veendam and her sister ship were NASM's largest turbine steamships until the flagship was completed in 1929.
In the 1920s and 30s, Veendam spent most of her career on scheduled services between Rotterdam and Hoboken, New Jersey. She also operated seasonal cruises, usually from Hoboken to the Caribbean. In summer 1934 she made two cruises from Rotterdam to destinations in Europe, and early in 1938 she cruised from New Orleans to the Caribbean.
In the Second World War she evacuated refugees from Europe, until in 1940 she was captured in the German invasion of the Netherlands. In 1941 the Kriegsmarine requisitioned Veendam as an accommodation ship. Between 1943 and 1945 she was damaged in several air raids, and sank at her moorings. She was raised in 1945, refitted in 1946, and returned to NASM transatlantic and cruising service in 1947. She was withdrawn from service and scrapped in 1953.
This was the second NASM ship to be named after the town of Veendam in Groningen. The first was the White Star Liner , which NASM bought and renamed in 1888. NASM next used the name in 1972, when it bought and renamed the turbine steamship .
Building
In 1922 Harland & Wolff launched two liners at its shipyard in Govan, Glasgow, for NASM. Volendam was launched on 6 July 1922, and completed on 12 October that year. Her sister Veendam was built on slipway number 4 as yard number 650, launched on 18 November 1922, and completed on 29 March 1923.
Veendams lengths were overall and registered. Her beam was and her depth was . Her tonnages were , and . As built, she had berths for 1,898 passengers: 262 in first class, 436 in second class, and 1,200 in third class. Her holds had capacity for of grain, or of baled cargo.
The ship had two screws and four Brown–Curtis turbines: two high-pressure and two low-pressure. Each screw was driven by one high-pressure and one low-pressure turbine via single-reduction gearing. Her nine water-tube boilers were oil-fuelled, and supplied steam to her high-pressure turbines at 215 psi. The combined power of her four turbines was rated at 1,913 NHP or 8,000 bhp, and gave her a speed of . She had two funnels, but the after one was a dummy.
One of the ship's saloons was decorated with a large painting of the Oude Verlaat in the town of Veendam. Veendam's town council presented the new ship with a certificate and a panoramic photograph of the town centre.
NASM registered Volendam at Rotterdam. Her code letters were PWBG.
Early years
Veendam began her maiden voyage from Rotterdam on 18 April 1923, and arrived in Hoboken with 133 passengers on 28 April. Her regular toute was via Boulogne and Plymouth.
On the evening of 7 September 1924, on a westbound voyage, one of Veendams first class passengers, Arthur Dearth, was lost overboard. No-one saw him fall, and the alarm was not raised until later, when his wife, who was travelling with him, reported him missing.
On the morning of 13 June 1925, on an eastbound voyage, a young woman passenger, Elizabeth Cromwell, was seen to fall or jump overboard from Veendams starboard side. The ship immediately turned around, and a search was made for 90 minutes, but she was never found. Cromwell was a second cousin of twins Dorothea and Gladys Cromwell, who took their own lives by jumping from the CGT liner La Lorraine together in January 1919. However, it was reported that Elizabeth did not know her cousins.
Two collisions
On 17 February 1926, Veendam left Hoboken carrying 400 passengers on a cruise to the Caribbean, calling at ports in the West Indies and Central America. Early in 1927 she made at least two more cruises to the West Indies. The second left Hoboken on 17 February.
At 04:40 hrs on 15 July 1927, Veendam was in fog about east of the Nantucket Lightship when she was involved in a collision with the Norwegian cargo steamship Sagaland. One seaman on Sagaland was killed, 20 of the crew scrambled aboard Veendam, and two of the liner's lifeboats rescued four members of Sagalands crew from the water. Veendams 164 passengers promptly donated more than US$1,000 to a fund, which it was reported would probably be given to the family of the dead seaman. Veendam landed survivors at Hoboken on 16 July.
On 10 December 1927, Veendam left Hoboken carrying $4 million in gold to the Netherlands. The bullion was being moved because the Dutch guilder had risen to a record high price against the United States dollar.
On 17 March 1928, Veendam left Hoboken for a cruise to the West Indies. Also in 1928, her passenger accommodation was revised. She still had 262 berths in first class, and second class was only slightly reduced to 430, but her third class accommodation was replaced with 480 tourist class berths.
On 19 May 1928, Veendam left Hoboken with 700 passengers on her usual route to Rotterdam via Plymouth and Boulogne. But New York harbour was fog-bound that day and the next, and ten ships were involved in collisions. At 09:00 hrs on 19 May, the Isthmian Steamship Company cargo ship Anniston City collided with the Red Star Liner . Veendam stopped and anchored because of the fog, but at either 13:13 or 13:30 hrs the Porto Rico Line ship Porto Rico struck her port side, flooding Veendams engine room. Veendam remained at anchor until midnight, and then returned to Hoboken, well down by the stern. At 15:14 hrs two coastal liners collided: Jefferson ramming . At 01:08 hrs the next morning, the Atlantic Transport Liner collided with the United Fruit Company refrigerated cargo ship La Maria. Also, a schooner and a tug collided in Long Island Sound.
Back in Hoboken, Veendam disembarked her passengers, the Merritt-Chapman salvage tug Chapman Brothers pumped out her engine room, and then Veendam discharged her cargo. On 28 May Veendam entered the Robins Dry Dock for repair. She returned to service on 16 June, leaving Hoboken for Rotterdam.
Cavalry horses and storm damage
On 28 October 1928, Veendam arrived at Hoboken carrying the Royal Netherlands Army team on its way to the National Horse Show. The ship was temporarily equipped with padded stalls for the team's six cavalry horses.
On 11 February 1929, Veendam left Hoboken on a Caribbean cruise. It included calls at Santiago de Guayaquil on 20 February, Cristóbal, Colón on 24 February, La Guaira on 1 March, and Kingston, Jamaica on 2 March, and got back to Hoboken on 13 March.
On 24 September 1929, Veendam ran aground off the Hook of Holland. Helped by tugs, she was refloated after three hours. She was reported to be undamaged, and reached Rotterdam under her own power.
By 1930 Veendam was equipped with wireless direction finding. On 30 January 1930, on a westbound crossing, a storm hit her with high wind. For a time, the ship heeled over by 45 degrees. A wave high swept equipment off her decks, tore lifeboats from their davits, and severely damaged a deck house and her bridge. Her new wireless direction finder, and a section of her promenade rail, were swept away. Five crew members and two passengers were injured. Her third class accommodation was flooded, with water deep in the dining saloon. Ropes and gear blocked a passageway, trapping 60 people in the smoking saloon.
Veendam hove to for 26 hours for temporary repairs, during which time she drifted
off course. She reached Hoboken on 7 February, and a team of 200 engineers, fitters and other shipyard workers worked on the ship at the pier in Hoboken to complete repairs in time for her to begin a Caribbean cruise on 10 February.
Bermuda charter
On 26 February 1930, Furness Bermuda Line announced that it would charter Veendam for 12 months, starting that July. She would be a running-mate for on the twice-weekly service between New York and Hamilton, Bermuda. Her funnels were repainted in Furness Bermuda Line colours, and she flew Furness Bermuda Line's house flag. Her first sailing on the route was on 2 July, and was fully booked.
In June 1931, just before Veendams charter was due to end, her running-mate Bermuda was badly damaged by fire. Furness Bermuda Line extended Veendams charter until November 1931, when the new Monarch of Bermuda was completed. She completed her last crossing from Bermuda back to New York on 9 November, was returned to NASM the next day, and left New York on 14 November to be dry docked in Rotterdam.
Wilton-Fijenoord refitted her passenger accommodation. There were still 263 berths in first class, but there were now 633 in tourist class and 555 in third class. Veendam was due to return to Hoboken in December 1931 to make cruises to the West Indies and Bermuda, but her refit continued into the New Year, and she did not reach Hoboken again until 20 January 1932. She was to make a seven-day cruise to Bermuda, including three days in port in Hamilton. The minimum fare was to be $65. She continued making cruises that season until at least 10 March 1932.
On 10 June 1932, Veendam left Hoboken on an eastbound transatlantic crossing. Her passengers included 250 pilgrims to the Eucharistic Congress of Dublin, and she was scheduled to make a special call at Cobh for them to disembark. Several NASM ships had been built in Ireland, but this was the first time one was to visit the island while in passenger service.
Seamen's strike
At the beginning of September 1932, members of the Bond voor Minder Marine Personeel (BMMP) trade union working for most Dutch shipping lines struck for better wages. As the NASM liner left Boulogne on 4 September on a westbound crossing, her ships' stokers demanded that she terminate her voyage and return to Rotterdam. Her Master anchored her near the West Hinder lightvessel, where a detachment of 30 Dutch Marines boarded the ship from a pilot boat. The ship returned to Rotterdam, where 11 members of her crew were arrested for mutiny. On 7 September, NASM announced that it would not re-hire 400 BMMP members.
Veendam was on an eastbound crossing, about a week behind Rotterdam. On 11 September, NASM announced that Veendam would avoid the port of Rotterdam, in an attempt to prevent her crew from joining the dispute. She would land all her passengers at Boulogne, then discharge her cargo at Southampton, and embark westbound passengers firstly at Boulogne and then at Southampton. However, by the next day NASM had backed down, and allowed Veendam to complete her voyage to Rotterdam.
On 15 September some shipping lines reached an agreement with the BMMP, oncluding reinstatement of the 400 members that NASM had dismissed, but BMMP members at Rotterdam voted to reject it. However, the "contact commission" between the shipping companies and the BMMP established that an aggregate of the votes from the separate mass meetings at Amsterdam and Rotterdam produced a majority in favour of returning to work. Veendam resumed service. She left Rotterdam on 17 September, and was expected to reach Hoboken on 28 September.
In the early months of 1933, Veendam cruised as usual. A cruise to Bermuda, which she was due to start from Hoboken on 14 April, was reduced from eight days to seven, and NASM reduced its fares accordingly.
By 1934, the wireless telegraph call sign PIEP had replaced Volendams code letters. In 1934 she was scheduled to make two summer cruises from Rotterdam: one of 11 days in July to Norway and Iceland, and one of ten days in August to Spain and Portugal.
Veendam and her sister Volendam were rarely in the same port at the same time. One exception was on 16 March 1935 in Hoboken, when Veendam arrived from Rotterdam in the morning, and Volendam was already in port, waiting to start a short cruise a week later. Rotterdam, Edam and the cargo steamship were also at Hoboken on the same day. It was rare for five NASM ships to be in the same port on the same day.
Cabin class
In January 1936 HAL reclassified Rotterdam, Volendam and Veendam as "cabin class" ships. Volendam and Veendams one-way fares were reduced from $149.50 to $141.50 in the summer season, and from $142.50 to $134 in the off-season. HAL was the last major shipping line to adopt cabin class.
On 3 April 1936, three teenage boys from Kips Bay, Manhattan, stowed away on Veendam in the mistaken belief that she was going to Brazil. They were discovered the next day, and NASM at first said that the boys would be landed at Plymouth, where the US Consul would arrange their return. Veendams Master made them do three hours' work a day until 6 April, when Veendam met Beemsterdijk in mid-Atlantic. Beemsterdijk was westbound to Hoboken, so the three stowaways were transferred by motor launch from Veendam to the cargo ship. Beemsterdijk landed the boys back at Hoboken on 10 April.
In 1937 the passenger accommodation on both Volendam and Veendam was extensively refurnished. In third class, upper berths were removed, new wardrobes and other furniture were installed, and "noiseless" fans were installed in cabins. Public areas were recarpeted, and the dining saloons were refurnished with new chairs and smaller tables. First class and tourist class cabins were also refurnished, and cocktail bars were installed near the dining saloons.
At the beginning of December 1937, NASM announced that Veendam would operate her cruises that winter from New Orleans instead of Hoboken. On 28 December 1937 she was to leave Rotterdam for New Orleans, from where she would cruise until resuming transatlantic service in April 1938. On 29 January 1938, Veendams Master diverted her cruise to include an unscheduled call at the Dutch Caribbean island of Sint Eustatius. He did so to show his US passengers the scene of the "First Salute" of the Continental Colours by a foreign power, on 16 November 1776. NASM approved of the diversion, and added Sint Eustatius to the schedule for Veendams February and March cruises.
Crisis in Europe
On 23 October 1938, a passenger disappeared from Veendam on a westbound crossing. Rose Sonnenschein was a Jewish refugee from Vienna. She left her cabin at 03:30 hrs in the morning, and at 05:00 hrs her daughter, Bertha Ruckhaus, reported her missing. Mrs Ruckhaus stated that Mrs Sonnenschein was despondent that the Nazis had detained her son-in-law in a Nazi concentration camp, and had seized her family's property in Austria. The ship was searched, but not stopped, because of the amount of time that had passed.
On a westbound crossing in January 1939, Veendam brought 329 passengers, including 250 refugees from Germany, Italy, and Spain. The ship faced continuous rough weather, the wind reached up to , and on 21 January her starboard propeller had to be shut down because the bushing of its propeller shaft was damaged. Running on one propeller, she reached Hoboken on 27 January, three days late.
In May 1939, NASM bought Red Star Line, which the German government had forced Arnold Bernstein to sell. On 11 June, NASM announced that it would double the frequency of the former Red Star service between Antwerp and Hoboken by transferring Volendam and Veendam to the route to work alongside the Red Star liners and . All four ships on the route would call at Boulogne and Southampton in both directions. Veendam was to make her first sailing from Hoboken to Antwerp on 9 September.
On 1 September 1939 the Second World War began. NASM had Veendams hull painted with neutrality markings: "VEENDAM – HOLLAND" painted amidships in large white capital letters, and a large Dutch flag painted either side of her bow.
On the evening of 17 September 1939, sank the Royal Navy aircraft carrier in the Western Approaches, about west-southwest of Dursey Island, with the loss of 519 men, including her commander. Her escorting destroyers counter-attacked the U-boat with depth charges, and started rescuing survivors. Veendam, the US cargo ship Collingsworth, Ellerman Lines cargo ship Dido all joined the rescue. Veendam launched 14 lifeboats and recovered Courageous logbook as well as survivors. As Collingsworth and Veendam were neutral ships, they transferred their survivors to the destroyers and .
On 19 November, German newspapers including Börsen-Zeitung published a list of 58 British and French ships that Germany alleged had been converted into auxiliary cruisers, and which German forces could therefore sink without warning. The list included Veendam as a British auxiliary cruiser. The next day a Kriegsmarine spokesman said that Veendam had been included on the list "by mistake", and that she may have been confused with the French cargo ship Vendôme.
On 10 November 1939 Veendam landed 659 passengers at Hoboken, including 160 US citizens who had embarked at Antwerp or Southampton. Before the end of November, Veendam reverted to serving Rotterdam instead of Antwerp. On 22 December 1939, Veendam landed 630 passengers at Hoboken. They included 340 German Jewish refugees, and 100 US citizens. On 5 February she landed 532 passengers at Hoboken, including 350 refugees from central Europe and 58 US citizens.
War service and damage
On 10 May 1940 Germany invaded the Netherlands. Veendam was moored in Rotterdam, in front of the NASM headquarters building on the Wilhelminakade. During fighting on 11 May, a dockside crane collapsed onto her, damaging her lifeboats and their davits. A small fire started aboard, but was soon extinguished. Veendam remained in Rotterdam.
In January 1941 German forces requisitioned Veendam, and on 30 May she left Rotterdam for Germany. On 24 July 1941 she was transferred to the Kriegsmarine as an accommodation ship, managed by Hamburg America Line. At first she was stationed at Gotenhafen and housed Organisation Todt workers. On 28 April 1942 she was transferred to Hamburg, and from 1 May she was renamed Marinestützpunkt Tollerort ("Naval Base Great Place") to house U-boat crews on leave.
Allied air raids on Hamburg damaged Veendam in June, July, November and December 1943, and again in December 1944. Three of the air raids started fires on the ship, and two of the raids damaged her engine room. Early in 1945, a near miss broke open her seacocks, causing her stern to settle on the bottom of the harbour. Further raids in March and April 1945 damaged her number one and two holds, causing her bow also to settle on the harbour bottom.
On 4 May 1945 Germany unconditionally surrendered to the Allies. On the same day, British forces boarded Veendam. Although burnt out and partly sunk, some of her accommodation is still usable. The Allies used her as an accommodaiton ship for Dutch seafarers coming to Hamburg to retrieve Dutch ships that the German authorities had seized. In October 1945 she was raised, and on 14 November she was dry docked at Blohm+Voss for her hull to be inspected and made watertight. On 7 January 1946 she left Hamburg, towed by the L Smit & Co salvage tugs Zwarte Zee and Tyne. Bad weather prevented her from leaving the Elbe estuary until 14 January. On 16 January she reached the Nederlandsche Droogdok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij shipyard in Amsterdam.
Post-war years
Veendam was refitted as a two-class ship, with berths for 223 passengers in first class and 363 in tourist class. Veendam town council presented yer with a new certificate and aerial photograph of the town.
On 31 January 1947 she sailed from Amsterdam to Rotterdam, where she was returned to her owners. She left Rotterdam on 21 February 1947, called at Southampton, and reached Hoboken on 4 March carrying 576 passengers. This was 24 more than her regular capacity, and NASM stated that berths on her transatlantic crossings were fully booked until 1 August. Minimum one-way fares were $260 first class and $160 tourist class. She was the first NASM ship to call at Southampton since the Second World War. Until 1940, NASM transatlantic ships had served Boulogne. After the war this did not resume, as the port was not yet in a condition to resume handling large ocean liners.
In her first few months back in civilian service, Veendam carried notable passengers including the Earl and Countess Granville, Maharaja and Maharani of Indore, International Court of Justice judge John Erskine Read, Professors Charles Best and Frederick Keeble, and actresses Rita Hayworth and Greta Keller. She also carried numerous Dutch emigrants, including large families intending to farm in the USA.
In August 1947 NASM announced that Veendam and the flagship would resume cruising from Hoboken that December. That November the company announced that Veendam would make three six-day cruises to Bermuda, leaving Hoboken on 3 February, 16 March and 27 April 1948. Fares were to range from $140 to $300, plus 15 per cent tax. However, crossing from Rotterdam to Hoboken in late January 1948, Veendam met five days of adverse weather in the Atlantic, and at times had to reduce speed to as low as . She reached Hoboken on 3 February, two days late. Her first Bermuda cruise started 24 hours later, but also finished 24 hours later.
On 7 May 1948 Veendam left Hoboken carrying cargo that included post-war aid to the Netherlands, and Dutch paintings worth a total of $250,000, including works by Rembrandt, Jacob van Ruisdael, Maarten van Heemskerck, and Gerard ter Borch, which had been exhibited in the USA. Her passengers on that crossing included the conductor Pierre Monteux. Notable passengers on other transatlantic crossings by Veendam in 1948 included chess Grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky, who was returning from the World Chess Championship 1948, and Ulster Unionist Party MP Brian Faulkner, recently elected as the youngest member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
On 1 September 1948 Veendam left Hoboken on a six-day cruise to Bermuda for Labor Day weekend. NASM organised the cruise in conjunction with Furness Bermuda Line.
On 23 December 1948 Veendam left Hoboken on a cruise to the West Indies. Her schedule for the rest of that season was to alternate one-week trips to and from Bermuda with 18-day cruises to Caribbean islands and the Caribbean coast of South America. However, on 6 February 1949 NASM announced that it had cancelled one of her 18-day cruises, which was due to start on 29 March 1949, and replaced it with two shorter cruises: a 10-day trip to Havana and Nassau starting on 29 March, and a seven-day trip to Bermuda starting on 9 April. Minimum fares were $195 to Havana and Nassau and $150 to Bermuda.
Veendam was fully booked with 450 passengers for an 11-day cruse to Havana and Nassau that she started from Hoboken on 23 December 1949. Other cruise operators reported that bookings for Christmas cuirses were about 25 per cent lower than in the previous year. CGT even cancelled a 14-day cruise that the liner was due to start on 23 December, the same day as Veendams Christmas cruise. NASM reported that a cruise on Veendam starting from Hoboken on 9 February 1950 was fully booked by the end of December.
Longshoremen's strike
By 1950 Veendam was serving Le Havre as well as Southampton. In July 1950 she was caught between Local 1247 of the International Longshoremen's Association and ILA President Joseph P. Ryan. At the beginning of July, officers of Local 1247 tried to dismiss the boss loader at a pier in Jersey City. The loader appealed to Ryan, and longshoremen stopped work on two American Export Lines ships in Jersey City in a wildcat strike. The internal ILA dispute spread to NASM's Fifth Street Pier in Hoboken, and when Veendam docked on 11 July, her 541 passengers had to unload their own baggage. A new NASM cargo ship, Diemerdijk, was also affected.
In an attempt to avoid the wildcat strike, NASM diverted Diemerdijk and Edam to Erie Basin, Brooklyn, and moved Veendam to Pier 51 on the North River. There longshoremen unloaded about 500 tons of her cargo on the morning of 12 July, but at midday they also stopped work. On 13 July NASM moved Veendam again, this time to Pier 3 at Tompkinsville, Staten Island, where members of Local 920 uinloaded the remainder of her cargo, and on 14 July she embarked 550 passengers for Southampton, Le Havre, and Rotterdam. She sailed on 14 July.
On the afternoon of 22 July Veendams sister ship Volendam docked in Hoboken carrying 700 passengers. 50 porters and 25 baggage carriers arrived to unload her without any disruption. The strike at Jersey City lasted more than six weeks. Longshoremen returned to work on 21 August.
Final years
On 20 December 1950 Veendam arrived in Hoboken, and two days later she left on her first Caribbean cruise of the season. On a cruise in January 1951, her passengers included Cardinal Thomas Tien Ken-sin. On her next cruise, early that February, Cuban authorities in Havana quarantined her in Havana after one of her officers fell ill with influenza. Six of her passengers were hospitalised in Havana.
In August 1951 Veendam made a cruise to Canada. She left Hoboken on 2 August carrying 478 passengers. The cruise explored the Saguenay River and visited Quebec, and was also scheduled to visit Bermuda. The minimum fare was $235. She got back to Hoboken on 16 August.
Veendam remained in transatlantic service in December 1951. Her first cruise for that season left Hoboken on 24 January 1952.
On a westbound transatlantic crossing on 30 July 1952 a teenage passenger was lost overboard. Patsy Ann Partridge was last seen at 03:00 hrs, strolling on the after deck. At 06:30 hrs her younger sister noticed her missing from the cabin they were sharing. Veendam turned about, searched for several hours, and then resumed her westbound course. After the search, her younger sister found a suicide note in a suitcase. Partridge had been a student at Saint Martin's School of Art in London, studying to be a book illustrator, and was upset at having failed one of her subjects.
On 21 October 1953, NASM announced that it would replace Veendam with a new ship, and on 31 October the company stated that it had sold Veendam to Bethlehem Steel for scrap. NASM estimated that in her 30-year career the ship had carried nearly 250,000 passengers and covered , including 196 transatlantic crossings. The writer Thornton Wilder described a round-trip on Veendam as "the ideal vacation". Although capable of , she had mostly sailed at a more economical , but even then, her fuel consumption was uneconomical compared with new steamships.
For her final transatlantic crossing, NASM reduced all first class berths to tourist fares, and she sailed as a one-class ship. On 11 November she landed 610 passengers at Hoboken, which was a record since her 1946–47 refit. Most of her crew then returned to Rotterdam aboard the flagship Nieuw Amsterdam. A skeleton crew of 64 then took Veendam from Hoboken to Baltimore, where the Patapsco Scrap Co, part of Bethleham Steel, broke her up.
References
Bibliography
External links
– includes historic photographs
– includes historic photographs
1922 ships
Barracks ships
Passenger ships of the Netherlands
Ships built in Govan
Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Ships of the Holland America Line
Steam turbine-powered ships
Steamships of the Netherlands
World War II auxiliary ships of Germany
World War II merchant ships of the Netherlands |
Padshahi Balasiah-e Loop () is a village in Nosratabad Rural District, in the Mirjaveh of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 10 families.
References
Populated places in Zahedan County |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package org.graalvm.visualvm.api.caching;
/**
* Generic key/value persistor
* Supports retrieving a value by the given key and storing a value with the given key
* @author Jaroslav Bachorik
*/
public interface Persistor<K, V> {
/**
* Retrieves {@linkplain Entry} for the given key
* @param key The key to retrieve {@linkplain Entry} instance
* @return Returns the retrieved {@linkplain Entry} instance or NULL
*/
Entry<V> retrieve(K key);
/**
* Stores the {@linkplain Entry} together with its key
* @param key The key to be used
* @param value The value to be used
*/
void store(K key, Entry<V> value);
/**
* The default (NULL-value) instance
*/
final public static Persistor DEFAULT = new Persistor() {
@Override
public Entry retrieve(Object key) {
// do nothing
return null;
}
@Override
public void store(Object key, Entry value) {
// do nothing
}
};
}
``` |
The company Yahoo! ran several similar video services. Yahoo! Video, a video hosting service, was established in 2006. Later, the ability to upload videos was removed, changing it to a more pure video on demand service; the website became a portal for curated video content hosted by Yahoo's properties. In 2011, the service was re-launched as Yahoo! Screen, placing a larger focus on original content and web series. Created for the service were the series Burning Love, Electric City, Ghost Ghirls, Losing It with John Stamos, Sin City Saints, and Other Space. Yahoo! Screen also acquired the sitcom Community for an additional season, following its cancellation after the fifth season on NBC. In January 2016, following a $42 million write-down on the poor performance of its original content, Yahoo! Screen was shut down. In August 2016, Yahoo! announced a partnership with the subscription video-on-demand service Hulu to move its free video library to a de facto successor known as Yahoo! View. Yahoo! View streamed recent episodes of television series from the ABC, NBC, and Fox networks in the United States, as well as a moderate selection of archived programs from various distributors, the "skinny bundle" model. Yahoo! View was decommissioned on June 30, 2019.
History
Yahoo! Video was intended to be as a video sharing website on which users could upload videos, similar to YouTube. At launch, Yahoo! Video started as an internet-wide video search engine. Yahoo added the ability to upload and share video clips in June 2006. A re-designed site was launched in February 2008 that changed the focus to Yahoo!-hosted video only.
On December 15, 2010, Yahoo! Video's functionality to upload video was removed for its relaunch as Yahoo! Screen the following year. All user-generated content was removed on March 15, 2011. The content that Yahoo! deleted was saved by the Archive Team. The Yahoo! Screen rebrand was launched October 2011, alongside eight original programs. Yahoo! Screen has streamed three seasons of its Emmy-nominated original series, Burning Love, which was syndicated for TV through E! in 2013.
On April 24, 2013, Yahoo! acquired rights to stream content from the NBC series Saturday Night Live, including archive clips from current and past seasons, behind the scenes footage, and other content. Yahoo! holds non-exclusive international rights to the archive content, and non-exclusive rights to clips from the current season.
In June 2014, Yahoo! announced that it had picked up former NBC sitcom Community for its sixth season, which premiered via Yahoo! Screen on March 17, 2015. Within a month of Community'''s season six premiere, Yahoo! had premiered full first seasons of two new original series, Sin City Saints and Other Space, but available only in the United States. Also in 2014, Yahoo! expanded its licensing agreement with Vevo to allow Vevo's content (music videos, concerts, etc.) to appear on the platform. Community ultimately would not be as profitable for the company as it hoped with The A.V. Club blaming the acquisition for the platform's eventual demise.
In June 2015, Yahoo! Screen won the worldwide rights to distribute the National Football League's International Series game between the Buffalo Bills and Jacksonville Jaguars, set to take place October 25. The one-off stream was the first NFL game to be broadcast almost exclusively through the Internet, with no television broadcast outside Buffalo, Jacksonville and other international markets.
On January 4, 2016, following a $42 million write-down in the third quarter of 2015, as a result of the poor performance of its three original series, Yahoo! Screen as a portal was discontinued. Yahoo's original video content was re-located to relevant portals of the site; in particular, its original television series were moved to an "originals" section on the Yahoo! TV site.
On August 8, 2016, Hulu announced they would end their free viewing tier and move exclusively to a subscription service. That same day, they announced a partnership with Yahoo! to spin out its free video on demand streaming service, which features recent episodes of series from ABC, NBC, and Fox, into a new service known as Yahoo! View''. It features the five most recent episodes of the networks' series; new episodes are added eight days after their original broadcast. It also integrated with Tumblr to provide access to fan content related to programs.
Yahoo View! ceased operations on June 30, 2019.
See also
List of Yahoo! Screen original programming
References
External links
Advertising video on demand
Former video hosting services
Screen
Streaming media systems
Internet properties established in 2006
Internet properties disestablished in 2011
Internet properties established in 2011
Internet properties disestablished in 2016
Internet properties established in 2016
Internet properties disestablished in 2019
Defunct video on demand services |
The Varvara mine is one of the largest gold mines in Kazakhstan and in the world. The mine is located in Kostanay Region. The mine has estimated reserves of 5.2 million oz of gold.
References
Gold mines in Kazakhstan
Kostanay Region |
The SRT Dark Red Line (also referred to as Thani Ratthaya Line ()), is part of the SRT Red Line suburban railway system to serve the greater Bangkok Metropolitan Region running for between Krung Thep Aphiwat and Rangsit.
In mid-November 2020, the Minister of Transport announced that free trial operations would operate from March 2021 with full-service operations expected from November 2021. In late February 2021, the SRT confirmed that free trial operations will commence on 26 March 2021 with full commercial operations starting on 28 July 2021. However, in July 2021 the SRT again postponed the free trial operations until 2 August 2021.
The line finally opened for trial operations on 2 August 2021. Full commercial services began on 29 November 2021.
A much delayed extension of the line from Rangsit to Thammasat University was due to be tendered in June 2022. However, this was later delayed to December 2022 and then until February 2023. With the 14 May 2023 national elections and the ongoing delays in the formation of a new government, it is unlikely that the tenders will be issued until late 2023. In late June, a MOT source expressed that the extension is likely be taken to Cabinet for approval in October 2023 and if approved, a tender could be issued in the first quarter of 2024.
Route alignment
The SRT Dark Red Line will starts at the new Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal heading north for via Don Mueang and terminates at Rangsit in Pathum Thani Province. The line will then be extended north from Rangsit to the Thammasat University Rangsit campus.
From Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal the line will be extended south via Phaya Thai to Hua Lamphong station. The final section of the line will run southeast from Hua Lamphong via Wongwian Yai for to Maha Chai in Samut Sakhon Province along the current Maha Chai railway alignment.
When fully completed, the line will run on a north–south axis through Bangkok, from Thammasat University's Rangsit campus in Pathum Thani Province to Maha Chai in Samut Sakhon Province for a full length of nearly .
History
In 2004, in conjunction with OTP, the SRT began formulating plans for a new, modern suburban network in Bangkok along existing SRT alignments to replace the existing, limited services. On 7 November 2006, the Thai Cabinet passed a resolution to approve the framework of the new network with the SRT Light Red line being DMU operations while the SRT Dark Red Light would be EMU. At the time, it was expected that the full iine could be completed within 15-20 years. In February 2009, the Thai government secured a 24 billion baht (US$685 million) loan from the Japanese Government for the initial segment of the line. The first Phase from Bang Sue to Rangsit was approved in 2010 but delayed due to a complicated 2.5 year contractual dispute.
The , 10 station Rangsit to Bang Sue section finally started construction in May 2013 after new contracts were signed in January 2013. A construction period of 3 years was stated. By the end of 2013, the project was only 3% done & already months behind schedule due to delays in removing the Hopewell Pillars. In June 2014, the SRT requested an additional 8.14 billion baht to modify the Dark Red line to 4 tracks instead of 3, to accordingly redesign all stations and to provide for the longer platforms for the Bang Sue Grand Station to cater for future HSR lines. The 8.14 billion baht requested composed of 4.32 billion baht for Contract 1 (modifications to Bang Sue Grand Station to cater for High Speed trains); 3.35 billion Baht for Contract 2 (4th track and stations redesign) and an extra 473 million baht for rolling stock (Contract 3).
The budget for the 1st Phase of the Dark Red Line project progressively increased due to numerous delays and further redesigns of the project. From an initial estimated 59.89 billion baht in 2007, to 75.55 billion baht in 2009 and to 80.38 billion baht in 2012. An additional requested 8.14 billion baht to increase the number of tracks increased the final budget to 88.52 billion baht.
Construction: Bang Sue to Rangsit
The , 10 station Bang Sue to Rangsit section finally started construction in May 2013 with a scheduled construction period of just over 3 years to be completed by the end of 2016. Construction works were delayed by 2 months due to site access issues for the contractor and delays related to removing slum dwellers residing within the right of way. However, it was hoped that the use of some of the old Hopewell pillars would speed up the initial construction timetable. By the end of 2013, the project was only 3% done & already months behind schedule due to a longer timetable in removing the Hopewell Pillars.
In June 2014, the SRT requested an additional 8.14 billion baht to modify the Dark Red line to 4 tracks instead of 3.Aaccordingly, redesign all stations and to provide for the longer platforms for the Bang Sue Terminal to cater for future HSR lines. 8.140 billion baht request is; 4.32 billion baht for Contract 1 (modifications to Bang Sue Grand Station to cater for High Speed trains); 3.35 billion Baht for Contract 2 (4th track and stations redesign) and 473 million baht for Contract 3.
In September 2017, civil works progress was stated to be 88.63%. By the end of September 2019 civil works were almost fully complete at 99.56% and Electrical and Signalling installation was at 45.60%. By July 2020, S&E installation was at 85.12% completion. By October 2020, 90% of the power supply for the line had been installed by the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) with all installation due for completion by November 2020.
Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal (Bangkok's new Intercity terminal station)
Contract 1 of the project was for the construction of a new, 4 level Intercity Terminal to cater for all SRT Intercity Trains, SRT Red Line suburban trains and the yet to be built Airport Rail Link (Bangkok) extension. The delayed contract process was finally signed in January 2013. In August 2013, the SRT sought extra funds for the project to be redesigned in order to extend upper level platforms to a 400–600 m length in order to accommodate the future planned High Speed lines. (Funding was finally requested in June 2014 - see above section)
In March 2013, the new Bang Sue Grand Station started construction. Between March and June, excavation works for the foundation of the Terminal were delayed by the unearthing of numerous World War II unexploded bombs which required safe removal by the Thai army Explosive Ordnance Teams. In July 2014, construction was 10% behind schedule.
The new station was originally scheduled to open by end of 2016 but the above-mentioned redesign work and other delays resulted in an expected 2020 opening date. In September 2017, construction progress of the station civil works was at 57.50%. By the end of September 2019 civil works were at 86.01%. By July 2020, civil works were almost complete at 99.8%.
Rolling stock
The 3rd contract for the Dark Red Line was for electrical and systems (E&S) and procuring EMU rolling stock. An overhead catenary electrical system with was specified. In April 2014, only 2 bidders remained but one of the bidding consortiums was disqualified on due to the fact that one of the consortium members (Maru Beni Corp) had convictions for bribery in an Indonesian bidding process.
This left MHSC Consortium (Mitsubishi and Hitachi and Sumitomo) as the sole bidder qualified for the contract. However, their bid of 28,899 million Baht was above the SRT median price of 26 billion baht which was set in 2010. The MHSC Consortium argued that their bid reflects 2013 prices after the minimum wage increase of January 2012. Finally in July 2014, after a prolonged 2-year delay in the bidding process, JICA approved the loan for Contract 3. However, the coup of May 2014 delayed finalization leading to further review and negotiations. By mid 2016, negotiations had concluded and Hitachi promised that all rolling stock for the Dark Red line would be delivered by 2020. The contract specifies 25 EMUs consisting of ten 4 car sets and fifteen 6 car sets for 130 cars in total.
In late September 2019, the first 2 sets of rolling stock were shipped from Japan and both arrived in Thailand at Laem Chabang port on 12 October 2019 for shipment to Bangkok. By March 2020, 5 sets had been delivered.
As of July 2020, 13 sets - 7 of the 6 car sets and 6 of the 4 car sets - of the total 25 sets of rolling stock had been delivered with a further 2 sets due to be delivered by August 2020. By the end of September 2020, 21 sets had been delivered - 13 of the 6 car sets and 8 of the 4 car sets - with the final 4 sets to be delivered in October.
Operation
Services operate between 5:30am to 12am. Headways are every 20 minutes except for the peak periods (7am to 9am and 5pm to 7pm) where services depart every 12 minutes.
Distance based fares range from 12 to 42 baht. The SRT also offers a 30 day integrated Transit Pass which can be used for 50 trips and for travel on all BMTA buses.
Ridership
On the first full day of free trial operations on 3 August 2021 total passengers numbered 2914, on 4 August 2856 passengers used the line. By the end of September, this had increased to around 4,500-5000 passengers a day.For the first 10 months of operations to September 2022 both Red lines carried over 3.2 million passengers and services ran on time 99.45% of the time according to the SRT. By the end of September 2022, the line averaged only 309,000 passengers a month. By January 2023, the average number daily passengers rose to around 22,000 to 23,000 on weekedays. At the end of April 2023, daily weekday passengers were 4000 for Don Mueang station and 2500 for Rangsit station.
Future extensions
In July 2016, the Thai Cabinet approved the first section of the southern extension from Bang Sue to Hua Lamphong. However, the 4 station northern extension from Rangsit to Thammasat University will be built first and was originally expected to be tendered by September 2018. This was delayed and then due to be tendered in the 2nd half of 2019. However, the tender has yet again been further delayed until 2021 as the Transport Minister has requested that the new Department of Railways investigate conducting PPP tenders for this extension. The decision to change the extensions to PPP projects and tender out the operation of the line with a 50 year concession was opposed by the SRT and SRT union. On 10 February 2021, the Department of Railways announced that in April 2021 the SRT would issue the tenders for the north extension to Thammasat University and the south extension to Hua Lamphong station. However, the PPP tender process was subject to further review.
In October 2021, the SRT announced that the PPP tenders would not be released until June 2022 with the aim to sign contracts for the extensions (with 50 year leases) in July 2023.However, this was delayed yet again to an initial October 2022 tender release and later a December 2022 date. In late October 2022, the SRT again delayed the tender time frame to February 2023 with an aim to sign contracts by May 2023 but the time frame was contingent on new Cabinet approval of an updated budget for the extension. At the same time, the SRT decided to defer the bidding for the 50 year operation concession and new EMUs to December 2024. Once the concession is contracted the SRTET will cease to operate the line.
With the 14 May 2023 national elections and the expected time frame in the formation of a new government, it is unlikely that the tenders will be issued until late 2023. In late June, a MOT source expressed that the extension is likely be taken to Cabinet in October 2023 for approval of a new budget of 6.5 billion baht to build the extension. If approved, a tender could be issued in the first quarter of 2024.
Construction segments based on M-Map:
Phase II Rangsit–Thammasat University
The , 4 station extension was approved by Cabinet in 2016 with an expected tender by September 2018. The extension to Thammasat University was then to be tendered in the 2nd half of 2019. However, the tender was further been delayed until 2021 as the transport minister requested that the new Department of Railways investigate conducting PPP tenders for the extension.
Phase III Bang Sue–Hua Lamphong
The , 7-station southern extension to Hua Lumphong station was approved by Cabinet in 2016. However, the northern extension to Thammasat University will be built before this section.
Phase IV & V Hua Lamphong–Bang Bon–Maha Chai
The last section of the line will run southeast from Hua Lumphong to Maha Chai in Samut Sakhon Province via Wong Wian Yai along the current Maha Chai railway alignment.
Potential extension Maha Chai–Ratchaburi
The Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning (OTP) have studied the improvement and construction of the Mae Klong railway line which will be constructed through Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram and Ratchaburi provinces. It will use a bypass route in Samut Sakhon Province by deviating from the original train line for about . Between Ban Khom railway station and Khlong Chak railway station, the line will be elevated across Ekachai road and deviate along the route of Rama II Road around the km 26 + 800 to the 32 + 160 km, then divert to the left to go straight to connect with the original train line.
From Samut Songkhram the suggested route will be constructed across the Mae Klong River. A third option is expected to be in use, which is to bypass Samut Songkhram city by diverging from the original train line about 66 km after passing Bang Kraboon railway station, which will be an elevated railway along the National Highway No. 325 to cross the Mae Klong Canal and Highway 325 at the intersection to Damnoen Saduak District, approximately 40 + 850 km and crossing the Mae Klong River. It will then revert to ground level and end at Pak Tho railway station, Ratchaburi which will build a train parallel with the royal highway number 3093 and will have 3 more new railway stations in this section. Expected total value of this project is approximately 42,243 million baht.
When completed, it will be a new southern railway line, which will help shorten the original train route, which originally runs through Nakhon Pathom and Ratchaburi before going to Pak Tho Station. The new Southern Railway will reduce the distance by about 43 kilometers and the aim of the project also includes the development of the Southwest Transport Center. However, as of 2016 this planned southern extension is very unlikely to be built as when Cabinet approved the northern extension to Thammasat University and the Southern extension to Hua Lumphong, only the original project scope to Maha Chai was referenced.
List of stations
Currently, services operate as all stops. Express trains will likely enter operation after additional phases are completed.
Network map
See also
Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region
SRT Light Red Line
Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)
BTS Skytrain
Sukhumvit Line
Silom Line
MRT (Bangkok)
MRT Blue Line
MRT Brown Line
MRT Grey Line
MRT Light Blue Line
MRT Orange Line
MRT Pink Line
MRT Purple Line
MRT Yellow Line
Bangkok BRT
BMA Gold Line
References
External links
"SRT Red Line website"
Airport Rail Link, BTS, MRT & BRT network map
Dark
Bangkok Commuter rail lines
Railway lines opened in 2021
25 kV AC railway electrification |
The 1984–85 Greek Football Cup was the 43rd edition of the Greek Football Cup.
Tournament details
Totally 76 teams participated, 16 from Alpha Ethniki, 20 from Beta, and 40 from Gamma. It was held in 7 rounds, included final. An Additional Round was held between First and Second, with 6 matches, in order that the teams would continue to be 32.
It was the first Greek Cup Final since 1980, where the two finalists were clubs not based on Attica, AEL and PAOK. The two teams had lost in the four previous Finals. PAOK had eliminated two fellow-citizens, Iraklis and Aris, in the two first rounds, and cup holders Panathinaikos in the semi-finals with an impressive second-leg 4-0 home victory(4-2 on aggregate). Larissa had eliminated only one Alpha Ethniki team, Apollon Kalamarias, in the Additional Round. However, they had won with big scores their opponents from lowest divisions: Panegialios with 8–0, Neapoli Piraeus with 7–0, Korinthos with 6–1 and Levadiakos with 5–0.
From the interests of year were the qualification of Panathinaikos against Olympiacos, in the third round, with two wins in the Olympic Stadium, the common home of both teams. Also, the elimination of AEK Athens for first time from a Gamma Ethniki team, Lamia, that afterwards was crushed, accepting in total 15 goals from PAOK in the third round. Also, in the first round, Olympiacos Volos eliminated Acharnaikos in penalty shootout 1–0, after a "white draw". By 9 shoots, there was only one well-aimed. OFI were eliminated in the first round by Odysseas Kordelio.
In the Final, Larissa gained their first title in their history, winning PAOK 4–1. Simultaneously, they deprived The Double by PAOK, that won the championship of that year. It is remarkable that PAOK's coach, Austrian Walter Skotzik, was the coach of Larissa in previous season, when they lost in the Final by Panathinaikos. An interesting story of the final was that PAOK’s top goalscorer of that season Christos Dimopoulos didn’t participate as he left the team at Athens‘ airport when they arrived from Thessaloniki for the game. Dimopoulos headed to the headquarters of Motor Oil (company of Panathinaikos‘ president Vardinoyannis) in order to seal his transfer to Panathinaikos as his 5-year contract with PAOK was expiring.
Calendar
Knockout phase
Each tie in the knockout phase, apart from the first two rounds and the final, was played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that scored more goals on aggregate over the two legs advanced to the next round. If the aggregate score was level, the away goals rule was applied, i.e. the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs advanced. If away goals were also equal, then extra time was played. The away goals rule was again applied after extra time, i.e. if there were goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score was still level, the visiting team advanced by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals were scored during extra time, the winners were decided by a penalty shoot-out. In the first two rounds and the final, which were played as a single match, if the score was level at the end of normal time, extra time was played, followed by a penalty shoot-out if the score was still level.The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:
There are no seedings, and teams from the same group can be drawn against each other.
First round
|}
Additional round
|}
Bracket
Round of 32
|}
Round of 16
|}
Quarter-finals
|}
Semi-finals
|}
Final
The 41st Greek Cup Final was played at the Olympic Stadium.
References
External links
Greek Cup 1984-85 at RSSSF
Greek Football Cup seasons
Greek Cup
Cup |
The , also known as the , was an abortive coup d'état attempt in the Empire of Japan on 21 October 1931, launched by the Sakurakai secret society within the Imperial Japanese Army, aided by civilian ultranationalist groups.
Background and history
Having failed to replace the government with a totalitarian military dictatorship in the abortive coup d'état of the March Incident of March 1931, Lt. Col. Kingoro Hashimoto of the Sakurakai and his ultra-nationalist civilian supporters, including Shūmei Ōkawa, resolved to try again in October 1931.
Soon after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria by the Kwantung Army, without prior authorization from the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and over the ongoing objections of the Japanese civilian government, Capt. Isamu Chō returned secretly to Japan (without orders) from North China to lead the plot to "prevent the government from squandering the fruits of our victory in Manchuria". He was able to recruit the support of 120 members of the Sakurakai, ten companies of troops from the Imperial Guards and ten bomber aircraft from the Imperial Japanese Navy.
The main elements of the plot included:
Key statesmen and officials such as Prime Minister Wakatsuki Reijirō, Grand Chamberlain Saitō Makoto, Prince Saionji Kinmochi, and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal Makino Nobuaki, and Foreign Minister Kijūrō Shidehara were to be assassinated.
The Imperial Palace, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Headquarters, and other key government buildings were to be seized by troops loyal to the Sakurakai
A new cabinet would be formed under the auspices of Gen. Sadao Araki, chief of the radical Imperial Way Faction. The new government would ban political parties, and would consolidate the recent territorial gains of Japan in Manchuria.
The Emperor would be forced to accept this Shōwa Restoration even if under threat of violence.
However, younger elements within the conspiracy came to doubt their leaders and seceded from the plot. In addition, there were leaks that reached War Minister Gen. Jirō Minami. He requested Gen. Sadao Araki to pacify the malcontents. Araki thereupon attempted to reason with Hashimoto and Chō, but they refused to abandon their scheme and Araki had them arrested by the Kempeitai—military police—on 17 October 1931.
The punishments for this abortive coup were even milder than for the previous March Incident, as Gen. Minami publicly excused the plot as simply an excess of patriotic zeal. Hashimoto was sentenced to 20 days house arrest, Chō to 10 days and the other ringleaders were simply transferred.
Consequences
The October Incident, also known as the "Imperial Colors Incident", thus ended in apparent failure and resulted in the dissolution of the Sakurakai. However, the lightness of the punishments only encouraged more attempted military intervention in the government, cumulating with the February 26 Incident of 1936.
References
Conflicts in 1931
1931 in Japan
1930s coups d'état and coup attempts
October 1931 events
Empire of Japan
Rebellions in Japan
Attempted coups in Japan
Shōwa Restoration
Fascist revolts |
The Charity Film Awards is a British film awards ceremony that is held annually. Each year campaign films are announced as winners following both a public vote and a final panel of judges.
Previous winners have included the RSPCA, Macmillan, and NSPCC. It is recognised by the British Film Institute and IMDb.
Background
The awards were first held in 2015 and founded by Simon Burton. They were founded to recognise the best campaigns or videos that had been created by UK charities. The videos could be about changing attitudes or behaviours or raising awareness about a particular topic. During its inaugural year, 375 charities entered with the first round as a public voting round. According to The Guardian, over 43,000 members of the public voted in 2015. The resulting shortlist is then presented to a panel of judges who vote for the yearly winner.
History
The Charity Film Awards' first ceremony in 2015 shortlisted a number of British charities, including RSPCA, Barnardo’s, the RNLI, Alzheimer’s Society, and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital. The eventual winner was St. John's Ambulance for "The Chokeables."
As the number of entrants expanded, so did the number of categories at the awards. In 2019, Child Bereavement UK received the top award. During 2020, the charity film awards saw Carers UK take the top prize. The 2022 awards were held in Leicester Square, London.
References
British film awards |
```python
# mypy: allow-untyped-defs
import argparse
import os
from enum import Enum
from typing import cast, Dict, List, Optional, Union
import torch
import torch.distributed as dist
from torch.distributed._shard._utils import narrow_tensor_by_index
from torch.distributed.checkpoint import FileSystemReader, FileSystemWriter
from torch.distributed.checkpoint._nested_dict import flatten_state_dict
from torch.distributed.checkpoint.default_planner import (
_EmptyStateDictLoadPlanner,
DefaultLoadPlanner,
)
from torch.distributed.checkpoint.metadata import (
Metadata,
STATE_DICT_TYPE,
STORAGE_TYPES,
TensorProperties,
TensorStorageMetadata,
)
from torch.distributed.checkpoint.planner import LoadItemType, LoadPlan, LoadPlanner
from torch.distributed.checkpoint.planner_helpers import _create_chunk_list
from torch.distributed.checkpoint.state_dict_loader import _load_state_dict
from torch.distributed.checkpoint.state_dict_saver import _save_state_dict
from torch.distributed.checkpoint.storage import StorageReader
from torch.futures import Future
__all__ = [
"dcp_to_torch_save",
"torch_save_to_dcp",
"BroadcastingTorchSaveReader",
"DynamicMetaLoadPlanner",
]
class BroadcastingTorchSaveReader(StorageReader):
"""
StorageReader for reading a Torch Save file. This reader will read the entire checkpoint
on the coordinator rank, and then broadcast and shard each tensor to all ranks.
. N.B. Intended to be used with DynamicMetaLoadPlanner
.. warning::
Current implementation only supports loading Tensors.
>>> # xdoctest: +SKIP("undefined vars")
>>> sd = {"mode": model}
>>> dcp.load(
>>> sd,
>>> storage_reader=BroadcastingTorchSaveReader(),
>>> planner=DynamicMetaLoadPlanner(),
>>> checkpoint_id="path_to_model.pt"
>>> )
"""
def __init__(
self,
checkpoint_id: Optional[Union[str, os.PathLike]] = None,
coordinator_rank: int = 0,
) -> None:
self.checkpoint_id = checkpoint_id
self.coordinator_rank = coordinator_rank
def read_metadata(self) -> Metadata:
"""Extends the default StorageReader to support building the metadata file"""
# Metadata is built in planner.set_up_planner, since we are not actually reading metadata from
# the disk
return Metadata(state_dict_metadata={})
def read_data(self, plan: LoadPlan, planner: LoadPlanner) -> Future[None]:
"""
Reads torch save data on the coordinator rank, and broadcast afterwards
this incurrs a communication cost, but avoids having to load
the entire checkpoint on each rank, hopefully preventing OOM issues
"""
planner = cast(DefaultLoadPlanner, planner)
# data is read in on the coordinator rank, and broadcast afterwards
# this incurrs a communication cost, but it avoids having to load
# the entire checkpoint on each rank, hopefully preventing OOM issues
# TODO: read on each host, instead of only the coordinator
if self.is_coordinator:
assert self.checkpoint_id is not None
torch_state_dict = torch.load(
self.checkpoint_id, map_location="cpu", weights_only=False
)
if planner.flatten_state_dict:
torch_state_dict, _ = flatten_state_dict(torch_state_dict)
else:
torch_state_dict = None
for req in plan.items:
if req.type == LoadItemType.BYTE_IO:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Non-tensor value identified at {req.storage_index.fqn}. "
f"At this time {type(self).__name__} only supports loading Tensors."
)
# Broadcast the tensor from the coordinator rank
if self.is_coordinator:
pg_device = dist.distributed_c10d._get_pg_default_device()
tensor = torch_state_dict[req.storage_index.fqn].to(pg_device)
else:
tensor = torch.empty_like(planner.state_dict[req.storage_index.fqn])
dist.broadcast(tensor, src=self.coordinator_rank, async_op=False)
tensor = narrow_tensor_by_index(tensor, req.storage_offsets, req.lengths)
target_tensor = planner.resolve_tensor(req).detach()
assert target_tensor.size() == tensor.size(), (
f"req {req.storage_index} mismatch sizes, "
f"{target_tensor.size()} vs {tensor.size()}"
)
target_tensor.copy_(tensor)
planner.commit_tensor(req, target_tensor)
fut: Future = Future()
fut.set_result(None)
return fut
def set_up_storage_reader(self, metadata: Metadata, is_coordinator: bool) -> None:
"""Implementation of the StorageReader method"""
self.is_coordinator = is_coordinator
if self.is_coordinator:
assert dist.get_rank() == self.coordinator_rank
assert self.checkpoint_id is not None
def prepare_local_plan(self, plan: LoadPlan) -> LoadPlan:
"""Implementation of the StorageReader method"""
return plan
def prepare_global_plan(self, global_plan: List[LoadPlan]) -> List[LoadPlan]:
"""Implementation of the StorageReader method"""
return global_plan
def reset(self, checkpoint_id: Union[str, os.PathLike, None] = None) -> None:
"""Implementation of the StorageReader method"""
self.checkpoint_id = checkpoint_id
@classmethod
def validate_checkpoint_id(cls, checkpoint_id: Union[str, os.PathLike]) -> bool:
"""Implementation of the StorageReader method"""
return os.path.isfile(checkpoint_id)
class DynamicMetaLoadPlanner(DefaultLoadPlanner):
"""
Extension of DefaultLoadPlanner, which creates a new Metadata object based on the passed in state dict,
avoiding the need to read metadata from disk. This is useful when reading formats which don't have a
metadata file, like Torch Save files.
. N.B. Intended to be used with BroadcastingTorchSaveReader
.. warning::
Current implementation only supports loading Tensors.
>>> # xdoctest: +SKIP("undefined vars")
>>> sd = {"mode": model}
>>> dcp.load(
>>> sd,
>>> storage_reader=BroadcastingTorchSaveReader(),
>>> planner=DynamicMetaLoadPlanner(),
>>> checkpoint_id="path_to_model.pt"
>>> )
"""
def set_up_planner(
self,
state_dict: STATE_DICT_TYPE,
metadata: Optional[Metadata] = None,
is_coordinator: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""Setups of the planner, extnding default behavior by creating the Metadata object from the state dict"""
super().set_up_planner(state_dict, metadata, is_coordinator)
state_dict_metadata: Dict[str, STORAGE_TYPES] = {}
for key, tensor in self.state_dict.items():
if not torch.is_tensor(tensor):
raise RuntimeError(
f"Non-tensor value identified at {key}. "
f"At this time {type(self).__name__} only supports loading Tensors."
)
state_dict_metadata[key] = TensorStorageMetadata(
TensorProperties(dtype=tensor.dtype),
tensor.size(),
_create_chunk_list(tensor),
)
self.metadata = Metadata(state_dict_metadata=state_dict_metadata)
def dcp_to_torch_save(
dcp_checkpoint_dir: Union[str, os.PathLike],
torch_save_path: Union[str, os.PathLike],
):
"""
Given a directory containing a DCP checkpoint, this function will convert it into a
Torch save file.
Args:
dcp_checkpoint_dir: Directory containing the DCP checkpoint.
torch_save_path: Filename to store the converted Torch save file.
.. warning::
To avoid OOM, it's recommended to only run this function on a single rank.
"""
sd: STATE_DICT_TYPE = {}
_load_state_dict(
sd,
storage_reader=FileSystemReader(dcp_checkpoint_dir),
planner=_EmptyStateDictLoadPlanner(),
no_dist=True,
)
torch.save(sd, torch_save_path)
def torch_save_to_dcp(
torch_save_path: Union[str, os.PathLike],
dcp_checkpoint_dir: Union[str, os.PathLike],
):
"""
Given the location of a torch save file, converts it into a DCP checkpoint.
Args:
torch_save_path: Filename of the Torch save file.
dcp_checkpoint_dir: Directory to store the DCP checkpoint.
.. warning::
To avoid OOM, it's recommended to only run this function on a single rank.
"""
state_dict = torch.load(torch_save_path, weights_only=False)
# we don't need stateful behavior here because the expectation is anything loaded by
# torch.load would not contain stateful objects.
_save_state_dict(
state_dict, storage_writer=FileSystemWriter(dcp_checkpoint_dir), no_dist=True
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
class FormatMode(Enum):
TORCH_TO_DCP = "torch_to_dcp"
DCP_TO_TORCH = "dcp_to_torch"
# Parse command-line arguments
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(
"mode",
type=str,
help="Conversion mode",
choices=[m.value for m in FormatMode],
default=FormatMode.TORCH_TO_DCP,
)
parser.add_argument("src", type=str, help="Path to the source model")
parser.add_argument("dst", type=str, help="Path to the destination model")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(
f"Converting checkpoint from {args.src} to {args.dst} using method: '{args.mode}'"
)
checkpoint_missing_warning = (
f"No checkpoint found at {args.src}. Skipping conversion."
)
if args.mode == FormatMode.TORCH_TO_DCP.value:
if os.path.isfile(args.src):
torch_save_to_dcp(args.src, args.dst)
else:
print(checkpoint_missing_warning)
elif args.mode == FormatMode.DCP_TO_TORCH.value:
if os.path.isdir(args.src):
dcp_to_torch_save(args.src, args.dst)
else:
print(checkpoint_missing_warning)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown conversion mode: {args.mode}")
``` |
James A. Zumbo (born November 9, 1940) is a firearms and hunting commentator and writer. Until February 2007, he was the hunting editor for Outdoor Life magazine and host of the television program Jim Zumbo Outdoors on The Outdoor Channel. He was removed from both positions after he criticized the use of semi-automatic rifles such as the AR-15 and AK-47 for hunting in his blog. On July 3, 2007 Zumbo's TV show went back on the air.
Career and interests
Zumbo holds degrees in forestry and wildlife biology. Before becoming a writer, he worked as a forester and wildlife biologist for 15 years. He wrote his first article for Outdoor Life in 1962, and became a full-time employee of the magazine in 1978. His main focus is on big game hunting. He has written 23 books and approximately 1,500 articles for outdoor magazines. Zumbo is also a lecturer on big game hunting and firearms for organizations like the National Rifle Association and a successful wildlife photographer.
"'Terrorist' rifles" blog entry
On February 16, 2007, Zumbo published an entry on his blog which read, in part:
I must be living in a vacuum. The guides on our hunt tell me that the use of AR and AK rifles have a rapidly growing following among hunters, especially prairie dog hunters. I had no clue. Only once in my life have I ever seen anyone using one of these firearms.
I call them "assault" rifles, which may upset some people. Excuse me, maybe I'm a traditionalist, but I see no place for these weapons among our hunting fraternity. I'll go so far as to call them "terrorist" rifles. They tell me that some companies are producing assault rifles that are "tackdrivers."
Sorry, folks, in my humble opinion, these things have no place in hunting. We don't need to be lumped into the group of people who terrorize the world with them, which is an obvious concern. I've always been comfortable with the statement that hunters don't use assault rifles. We've always been proud of our "sporting firearms."
This really has me concerned. As hunters, we don't need the image of walking around the woods carrying one of these weapons. To most of the public, an assault rifle is a terrifying thing. Let's divorce ourselves from them. I say game departments should ban them from the praries [sic] and woods.
Many firearms industry lobbyists were outraged that Zumbo suggested an outright ban on a type of popular rifle for reasons of "personal bias". In response to the flood of threatened boycotts, Remington Arms' CEO Tommy Millner fired Zumbo as a spokesman on February 19, The Outdoor Channel announced that Zumbo programming would be on a temporary hiatus, but did not sever their affiliations with Zumbo. His online blog was discontinued "for the time being" by Outdoor Life on February 19. Outdoor Life subsequently dropped him completely, stating on its webpage that Zumbo would no longer be contributing to the publication once the last of his columns already to press had been printed. Gerber Knives and Mossy Oak severed all of their business dealings with Zumbo as well, as did a majority of his other sponsors.
Outdoor columnist Dennis Anderson wrote in 2007 that "Zumbo's comments lent voice to what many hunters believe, namely that assault-style weapons are the black sheep of guns and do nothing to engender hunters and shooters to the general public."
Aftermath
The speed with which calls for Zumbo's termination were acted on by his sponsors and employers (initial responses from sponsors occurred within a 36-hour period after he posted the first of two blog entries on the topic) were seen by many participants as evidence of the power of the Internet and of the "new media," including the "blogosphere," to influence and shape sociopolitical events. The New York Times published an editorial March 3, 2007 criticizing the destruction of Zumbo's career as overkill and avoidance of healthy debate.
Two weeks after the blog appeared Mr. Zumbo was invited by NRA board member Ted Nugent to an "education" session at Nugent's Texas ranch. Jim was lectured on the sporting uses of AR type rifles by Ted and two Texas outdoor writers.
On March 20, a month after Zumbo's column was published, gun control advocate Senator Carl Levin praised Zumbo for "his forthrightness, his honesty and his courage," calling the response to his comments "swift and callous," in a speech that supported the renewal of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban. Zumbo in turn published An Open Letter to the United States Senate, saying his statements had been misrepresented, and attacking Levin's support of gun control legislation as an attack on the Second Amendment.
Publications
His books include The Complete Hunter: Elk Hunting (Creative, 2000).
A biography on the life story of Jim Zumbo was written by K.J. Houtman and published by Fish On Marketing on November 11, 2016 entitled Zumbo. Available at http://www.zumbothebook.com.
See also
Cooper Firearms of Montana
References
External links
Jim Zumbo (site)
Hunting With Jim Zumbo (blog)
A Hot Selling Weapon, An Inviting Target
1940 births
Living people
American hunters
American male writers |
```objective-c
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
#pragma once
#include "arrow/sparse_tensor.h" // IWYU pragma: export
#include <memory>
namespace arrow {
namespace internal {
struct SparseTensorConverterMixin {
static bool IsNonZero(const uint8_t val) { return val != 0; }
static void AssignIndex(uint8_t* indices, int64_t val, const int elsize);
static int64_t GetIndexValue(const uint8_t* value_ptr, const int elsize);
};
Status MakeSparseCOOTensorFromTensor(const Tensor& tensor,
const std::shared_ptr<DataType>& index_value_type,
MemoryPool* pool,
std::shared_ptr<SparseIndex>* out_sparse_index,
std::shared_ptr<Buffer>* out_data);
Status MakeSparseCSXMatrixFromTensor(SparseMatrixCompressedAxis axis,
const Tensor& tensor,
const std::shared_ptr<DataType>& index_value_type,
MemoryPool* pool,
std::shared_ptr<SparseIndex>* out_sparse_index,
std::shared_ptr<Buffer>* out_data);
Status MakeSparseCSFTensorFromTensor(const Tensor& tensor,
const std::shared_ptr<DataType>& index_value_type,
MemoryPool* pool,
std::shared_ptr<SparseIndex>* out_sparse_index,
std::shared_ptr<Buffer>* out_data);
Result<std::shared_ptr<Tensor>> MakeTensorFromSparseCOOTensor(
MemoryPool* pool, const SparseCOOTensor* sparse_tensor);
Result<std::shared_ptr<Tensor>> MakeTensorFromSparseCSRMatrix(
MemoryPool* pool, const SparseCSRMatrix* sparse_tensor);
Result<std::shared_ptr<Tensor>> MakeTensorFromSparseCSCMatrix(
MemoryPool* pool, const SparseCSCMatrix* sparse_tensor);
Result<std::shared_ptr<Tensor>> MakeTensorFromSparseCSFTensor(
MemoryPool* pool, const SparseCSFTensor* sparse_tensor);
} // namespace internal
} // namespace arrow
``` |
Marc Parmentier (born 24 March 1956) is a Belgian scientist, and professor at the Institute of Multi-disciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology (IRIBHM) of the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), where he completed his PhD in 1990. His research interest is on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), and of transgenic models of human pathologies. In 1999, he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Biological and Medical Sciences.
Awards
1985 - Marc Herlant prize
1991 - Galien Prize of Pharmacology
1993 - Belgian Endocrine Society Lecture
1994 - Harrington De Vishere prize of the European Thyroid Association
1997 - Merck Sharpe and Dohme Prize
1998 - Liliane Bettencourt Prize
1999 - Francqui Prize
Publications
Parmentier M, Libert F, Maenhaut C, Lefort A, Gérard C, Perret J, Van Sande J, Dumont JE and Vassart G., Molecular cloning of the thyrotropin receptor, Science 246 (1989), 1620–1622.
Parmentier M, Libert F, Schurmans, S., Shiffmann S, Lefort A, Eggerickx D, Ledent C, Mollereau C, Gérard C, Perret J, Grootegoed JA, and Vassart G., Expression of members of the putative olfactory receptor gene family in mammalian germ cells, Nature 355 (1992), 453–455.
Samson M, Libert F, Doranz BJ, Rucker J, Liesnard C, Farber CM, Saragosti S, Lapouméroulie C, Cogniaux J, Forceille C, Muyldermans G, Verhofstede C, Guy Burtonboy G, Georges M, Imai T, Rana S, Yi Y, Smyth RJ, Collman RG, Doms RW, Vassart G and Parmentier M. Resistance to HIV-1 infection of Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR5 chemokine receptor gene, Nature 382 (1996) 722–725.
Ledent C, Valverde O, Cossu G, Petitet F, Aubert JF, Beslot F, Böhme GA, Imperato A, Pedrazzini T, Roques BP, Vassart G, Fratta W, Parmentier M. Unresponsiveness to cannabinoids and reduced addictive effects of opiates in CB1 receptor knock out mice. Science 285 (1999) 401–404.
Sources
Marc Parmentier's profile at ULB (in French)
Marc Parmentier (PDF)
1956 births
Belgian medical researchers
Université libre de Bruxelles alumni
Living people
Academic staff of the Université libre de Bruxelles |
Sobhhï is a Dubai-based R&B artist. He has been ranked the number one streamed hip-hop and R&B artist in the UAE, and one of the top artists in the Middle East. Beginning his career in computational mathematics, he now creates music full-time between the US and Dubai.
Once a non-performing artist, Sobhhï made his first public appearances at a series of listening parties hosted in late 2021 for his EP "PURPLE I". Sobhhï's identity is so far largely unknown, although he has revealed the name Sobhhï is his grandfather's name and is part of his own name, translating "morning" from Arabic. His musical output has been categorized variously as "music for late nights," or Nocturnal Trapsoul – "dreamy R&B, bedroom soul and hip-hop".
Personal life
Sobhhï was born in the US and lived in multiple locations growing up, including Dubai, California, Chicago, and Louisiana. Taking night classes as a teen, he graduated high school early and went on to attend college at 16. Beginning by studying economics and statistics at UC Berkeley, he obtained a master's degree from the University of Chicago by the age of 21. He then returned to UC Berkeley, where he researched machine learning and artificial intelligence in pursuit of a PhD in computational mathematics.
In 2018, he decided to pause his PhD research and instead pursue a career in music— another focus for him from an early age.
Career
Sobhhï began his musical career with a collection of dark R&B records, going on to describe the evolution of his musical sound: "There was something I felt was absent in other music, [...] collecting these parts and amalgamating them is what eventually resulted in 'my sound'". He currently moves between the US and the Middle East.
A multi-faceted artist, in addition to writing lyrics and producing the instrumentals, Sobhhï also mixes his own tracks, as well as directs and films his own videos. He has cited the album Nostalgia, Ultra by Frank Ocean as his most formative musical influence, and has also mentioned being influenced by, among others, Tribe Called Quest, James Fauntleroy, Drake, Jeremih, Joaoa Gilberto, and Amr Diab. Retaining the majority of the responsibility for the complete creation process has given his music a distinct sound, previously described as both mysterious and euphoric. In 2019 he founded his own record label and streetwear brand NUIT SANS FIN, meaning “night without end” in French.
Beginning in 2017, Sobhhï started creating and releasing his color-themed EP series, which includes RED, BLACK, and the forthcoming PURPLE and WHITE. He describes the need for categorizing by color, rather than genre: "The whole color concept comes from the fact that I feel genres are too coarse and limiting to categorize music. You might listen to alternative rock followed by some techno followed by a rap song when you’re feeling motivated or in the gym. Clearly the genres don’t necessarily line up with how we feel, which to me, is the most important aspect of music."
Sobhhï has released three installments of the RED series, categorizing RED as melancholic and vulnerable, alternative R&B. He describes the first three RED EPs as equating to a (now complete) chapter in his personal life, where he understands the music to have evolved alongside changes in his own perspectives.
In addition to the RED series, Sobhhï has begun releasing a series of BLACK EP's—the first of which, BLACK I, was released in 2019 and ranked as one of Earmilk's highest rated albums that same year. Sobhhï plans the BLACK series to be a counterpart to RED, with a raw Trap-soul sound, produced entirely by Sobhhï and mastered by Mike Bozzi.
In late 2020 Sobhhï released collaborative EP, PLEASURES, which was premiered with Okayplayer. In 2022, he went on to release collaborative project LUXURY CASUAL II, a sequel to 2019's LUXURY CASUAL EP.
Listening Parties
Between August and December 2021, Sobhhï organized a series of listening parties in anticipation of his EP, PURPLE I. He has cited the parties as a formative moment in his career: "Seeing the unanticipated success of the listening parties [...] We had 450 RSVPs in New York City, 980 in Toronto, over a thousand in Dubai and roughly 2,000 in Jeddah […] All venues reached max capacity shortly after doors opened. Being in the room with so many people who are singing the lyrics, showing us love, and supporting us, validates our purpose."
The listening parties were exclusive events that were organized and hosted by Sobhhï. Sponsorships included the cognac brand Rémy Martin for the Dubai event and the Middle Eastern streaming service Anghami for the final event in Jeddah. The listening parties marked Sobhhï's first public appearances and direct interactions with fans.
Discography
EPs
Red I (November 2017)
Red II (March 2018)
Black I (February 2019)
Luxury Casual (with Nivo) (December 2019)
Red III (March 2020)
Pleasures (November 2020)
Luxury Casual II (with Nivo and NHYN) (July 2022)
References
External links
Sobhhï artist page on Spotify
NUIT SANS FIN record label web page
Footage from the PURPLE I Album Listening Parties
Living people
Contemporary R&B singers
Trap musicians
Emirati male singers
Emirati rappers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Iron Hill is a prominent geographical feature in the vicinity of Newark, Delaware, in the United States. With a topographic prominence of , it is the most prominent hill in Delaware. However, its peak elevation of means that it is not the state's highest point, which is located in the Piedmont plateau region near Centreville where a peak elevation of is attained at Ebright Azimuth. The hill is named for its iron deposits, which were mined over a 200-year period during the 18th and 19th centuries. It is part of a New Castle County park known as Iron Hill Park.
Location
Iron Hill is located just south of Newark in Pencader Hundred, with the summit lying south of Interstate 95 and west of Delaware Route 896. It is the easternmost and highest of three geologically similar peaks, together with neighboring Chestnut Hill and Gray's Hill (across the border in Maryland).
Geology
Iron Hill and the two neighboring hills are outlying Piedmont outcroppings, east of the fall line and surrounded by the relatively flat Atlantic coastal plain. The hills are igneous intrusions of "Iron Hill Gabbro", a coarse and dark-colored rock composed mainly of plagioclase, pyroxenes, and olivine. The rock contains significant iron oxide deposits in the form of hematite, goethite, and limonite, forming the basis for historical iron mining activity. Jasper is also present and was used for toolmaking by prehistoric inhabitants of the area.
Magnetic influence
The slight magnetic effect due to the iron oxides in the jasper rock within Iron Hill can cause inaccuracies in compass readings.
History
Human activity in the area dates to prehistoric times, when Native Americans quarried jasper from Iron Hill to make arrowheads and other stone tools. The location was first referred to in print on Augustine Herman's 1670 map of Virginia and Maryland, where it was labeled "Yron Hill". In 1701, the hill was included in the Welsh Tract, granted by William Penn to a group of settlers fleeing religious persecution in Wales. The Welsh settlers were familiar with ironworking and mining techniques, and soon commenced open-pit mining operations on Iron Hill.
During the Revolutionary War, Iron Hill and the surrounding area were the site of the Battle of Cooch's Bridge (also known as the Battle of Iron Hill) in September 1777. George Washington ascended the hill to observe enemy troop movements prior to the battle, which was possible at the time due to deforestation; subsequent regrowth has since obscured the view from the summit.
Mining on Iron Hill continued until the late 19th century, though extraction of the low-grade ore proved minimally profitable and many of the ventures ended in bankruptcy. The last mining operation on Iron Hill was run by J.P. Whitaker, who shipped the ore to Principio Furnace in Maryland for smelting. African-American mine workers and their descendants continued to inhabit the area and, in 1923, Pierre S. du Pont funded the construction of Iron Hill School No. 112C to serve this population. The school remained in operation until Delaware public schools were desegregated in 1965 and now houses the Iron Hill Museum. Much of the hill is now a wooded recreation area, Iron Hill Park.
References
Hills of the United States
Landforms of New Castle County, Delaware
Protected areas of New Castle County, Delaware
Geology of Delaware
Newark, Delaware
IUCN Category III |
```c
/* $OpenBSD: qsort.c,v 1.18 2017/05/30 14:54:09 millert Exp $ */
/*-
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static __inline char *med3(char *, char *, char *, int (*)(const void *, const void *));
static __inline void swapfunc(char *, char *, size_t, int);
#define min(a, b) (a) < (b) ? a : b
/*
* Qsort routine from Bentley & McIlroy's "Engineering a Sort Function".
*
* This version differs from Bentley & McIlroy in the following ways:
* 1. The partition value is swapped into a[0] instead of being
* stored out of line.
*
* 2. The swap function can swap 32-bit aligned elements on 64-bit
* platforms instead of swapping them as byte-aligned.
*
* 3. It uses David Musser's introsort algorithm to fall back to
* heapsort(3) when the recursion depth reaches 2*lg(n + 1).
* This avoids quicksort's quadratic behavior for pathological
* input without appreciably changing the average run time.
*
* 4. Tail recursion is eliminated when sorting the larger of two
* subpartitions to save stack space.
*/
#define SWAPTYPE_BYTEV 1
#define SWAPTYPE_INTV 2
#define SWAPTYPE_LONGV 3
#define SWAPTYPE_INT 4
#define SWAPTYPE_LONG 5
#define TYPE_ALIGNED(TYPE, a, es) \
(((char *)a - (char *)0) % sizeof(TYPE) == 0 && es % sizeof(TYPE) == 0)
#define swapcode(TYPE, parmi, parmj, n) { \
size_t i = (n) / sizeof (TYPE); \
TYPE *pi = (TYPE *) (parmi); \
TYPE *pj = (TYPE *) (parmj); \
do { \
TYPE t = *pi; \
*pi++ = *pj; \
*pj++ = t; \
} while (--i > 0); \
}
static __inline void
swapfunc(char *a, char *b, size_t n, int swaptype)
{
switch (swaptype) {
case SWAPTYPE_INT:
case SWAPTYPE_INTV:
swapcode(int, a, b, n);
break;
case SWAPTYPE_LONG:
case SWAPTYPE_LONGV:
swapcode(long, a, b, n);
break;
default:
swapcode(char, a, b, n);
break;
}
}
#define swap(a, b) do { \
switch (swaptype) { \
case SWAPTYPE_INT: { \
int t = *(int *)(a); \
*(int *)(a) = *(int *)(b); \
*(int *)(b) = t; \
break; \
} \
case SWAPTYPE_LONG: { \
long t = *(long *)(a); \
*(long *)(a) = *(long *)(b); \
*(long *)(b) = t; \
break; \
} \
default: \
swapfunc(a, b, es, swaptype); \
} \
} while (0)
#define vecswap(a, b, n) if ((n) > 0) swapfunc(a, b, n, swaptype)
static __inline char *
med3(char *a, char *b, char *c, int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
{
return cmp(a, b) < 0 ?
(cmp(b, c) < 0 ? b : (cmp(a, c) < 0 ? c : a ))
:(cmp(b, c) > 0 ? b : (cmp(a, c) < 0 ? a : c ));
}
static void
introsort(char *a, size_t n, size_t es, size_t maxdepth, int swaptype,
int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
{
char *pa, *pb, *pc, *pd, *pl, *pm, *pn;
int cmp_result;
size_t r, s;
loop: if (n < 7) {
for (pm = a + es; pm < a + n * es; pm += es)
for (pl = pm; pl > a && cmp(pl - es, pl) > 0;
pl -= es)
swap(pl, pl - es);
return;
}
if (maxdepth == 0) {
if (heapsort(a, n, es, cmp) == 0)
return;
}
maxdepth--;
pm = a + (n / 2) * es;
if (n > 7) {
pl = a;
pn = a + (n - 1) * es;
if (n > 40) {
s = (n / 8) * es;
pl = med3(pl, pl + s, pl + 2 * s, cmp);
pm = med3(pm - s, pm, pm + s, cmp);
pn = med3(pn - 2 * s, pn - s, pn, cmp);
}
pm = med3(pl, pm, pn, cmp);
}
swap(a, pm);
pa = pb = a + es;
pc = pd = a + (n - 1) * es;
for (;;) {
while (pb <= pc && (cmp_result = cmp(pb, a)) <= 0) {
if (cmp_result == 0) {
swap(pa, pb);
pa += es;
}
pb += es;
}
while (pb <= pc && (cmp_result = cmp(pc, a)) >= 0) {
if (cmp_result == 0) {
swap(pc, pd);
pd -= es;
}
pc -= es;
}
if (pb > pc)
break;
swap(pb, pc);
pb += es;
pc -= es;
}
pn = a + n * es;
r = min(pa - a, pb - pa);
vecswap(a, pb - r, r);
r = min(pd - pc, pn - pd - es);
vecswap(pb, pn - r, r);
/*
* To save stack space we sort the smaller side of the partition first
* using recursion and eliminate tail recursion for the larger side.
*/
r = pb - pa;
s = pd - pc;
if (r < s) {
/* Recurse for 1st side, iterate for 2nd side. */
if (s > es) {
if (r > es) {
introsort(a, r / es, es, maxdepth,
swaptype, cmp);
}
a = pn - s;
n = s / es;
goto loop;
}
} else {
/* Recurse for 2nd side, iterate for 1st side. */
if (r > es) {
if (s > es) {
introsort(pn - s, s / es, es, maxdepth,
swaptype, cmp);
}
n = r / es;
goto loop;
}
}
}
void
qsort(void *a, size_t n, size_t es, int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
{
size_t i, maxdepth = 0;
int swaptype;
/* Approximate 2*ceil(lg(n + 1)) */
for (i = n; i > 0; i >>= 1)
maxdepth++;
maxdepth *= 2;
if (TYPE_ALIGNED(long, a, es))
swaptype = es == sizeof(long) ? SWAPTYPE_LONG : SWAPTYPE_LONGV;
else if (sizeof(int) != sizeof(long) && TYPE_ALIGNED(int, a, es))
swaptype = es == sizeof(int) ? SWAPTYPE_INT : SWAPTYPE_INTV;
else
swaptype = SWAPTYPE_BYTEV;
introsort(a, n, es, maxdepth, swaptype, cmp);
}
DEF_STRONG(qsort);
``` |
Donna Nook Air Weapons Range is a Ministry of Defence air weapons range in East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. The range, as well as a now defunct airfield and radar station, were previously operated by the Royal Air Force and known as RAF Donna Nook.
History
Donna Nook has been in continual military use since the First World War and was established as a protection point from Zeppelin airships trying to enter the Humber area.
Second World War
A minor airfield was operational from 1936 and used as a decoy up until 1945. The airfield was home to No. 206 Squadron RAF from August 1941 to July 1942. It also acted as a Relief Landing Ground (RLG) for RAF North Coates.
However, during the Second World War, RAF Donna Nook referred to a Chain Home Extremely Low (CHEL) radar station, sited a short distance away from the current establishment. This utilized a 10-cm radar set to track both low-flying intruders and German E-boats cruising offshore, and was operational in this role from 1943 to 1945. From evidence in his authorized biography it appears that it was to RAF Donna Nook that the young Sir Arthur C. Clarke was posted in 1943, shortly after an interview with Wing Commander (later Sir) Edward Jefferson, RAF, who was subsequently Director of Telecommunications for the General Post Office.
Bombing range
The bombing range first opened up in 1926 with three bombing targets including one which was illuminated for night time bombing practice. The range closed in 1946 but was re-opened in 1976 when RAF Theddlethorpe was closed due to complaints from those living nearby. RAF Donna Nook is still used as an Air Weapons Range by UK, USAFE & NATO users and since 2008 has been administered by Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO), formerly Defence Training Estates (DTE).
The bombing range covers an area of 885 hectares on land and 3,200 hectares at sea.
Natural heritage
Donna Nook is just north of North Somercotes and is also a nature reserve with a large seal habitat in the early winter maintained by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust. It is the only national nature reserve in the UK on MOD land, and was opened on 18 July 2002 by Air Commodore Nigel Williams.
See also
List of Royal Air Force stations
References
Citations
Bibliography
Bombing ranges
East Lindsey District
Royal Air Force stations in Lincolnshire |
```html
<p bitTypography="body1">
{{ "enterVerificationCodeEmail" | i18n: twoFactorEmail }}
</p>
<bit-form-field>
<bit-label>{{ "verificationCode" | i18n }}</bit-label>
<input
bitInput
type="text"
appAutofocus
appInputVerbatim
[(ngModel)]="tokenValue"
(input)="token.emit(tokenValue)"
/>
<bit-hint>
<a bitLink href="#" appStopClick (click)="sendEmail(true)">
{{ "sendVerificationCodeEmailAgain" | i18n }}
</a></bit-hint
>
</bit-form-field>
``` |
The 1978 Ali Must Go Protests or the 1978 students' crisis were student protests in Nigeria following an increase in fees. It has been described as one of the most violent student agitations in Nigeria and sparked the greatest political crisis of the 1975–1979 Mohammed/Obasanjo military administration.
Cause
During the Olusegun Obasanjo-led military regime, Dr. Jibril Aminu, the secretary of the Nigerian University Commission, announced that due to the high cost of living in the country, students would begin to pay extra fees. According to the Nigerian University Commission, tuition fee was to remain free for all undergraduates, sub-degree diploma as well as students of teacher education. Hostel accommodation, however, would be increased to ₦90 per student per session of 36 weeks or ₦30 per student in a session of three terms. The increment also meant that the cost of meal tickets rose from ₦1.50 to ₦2.00 i.e. increased by 50 kobo. The president of the National Union of Nigerian Students (NUNS) at the time, Segun Okeowo, who was a student at the University of Lagos, made attempts to rectify the changes as it was unsatisfactory for the students. The students held meetings in Ilorin, Maiduguri, and Calabar before deciding to take the bold step of challenging the military government on the increment.
Apart from the fees, another agitation of the students was that tertiary education was suffering because there were very few federal government-owned universities and no private or state-owned universities. Tertiary education was therefore seen as a privilege and that the federal government could not cope with the number of people seeking admission. This agitation as well as the increase in fees led to the protests. The then minister of education, Ahmadu Ali, was believed to be at the center of the uprising but he tried to shift responsibility to the Supreme Military Council citing that the increment was made by the Supreme Military Council and not the Ministry of Education. The protest chant 'Ali Must Go' was coined as a result.
Protests
To pressure the Federal Military Government into reverting the increase in fees, there was a nationwide boycott of lectures by all students in tertiary institutions whose local unions were affiliated with NUNS starting on 17 April 1978. The lecture boycotts were to be indefinite, but boycotting lectures only worked on the first day. When the students realized that the government was unwilling to revert the increment, they resorted to public demonstrations. Okeowo was able to mobilize students across the nation as well as bring the attention of the nation to their plight. The medium-term to long-term aims of the protests were what there should be democratization, genuine independence and enhancement of the quality of life of the masses, among other popular democratic demands. The second day of the protests saw a face-off between the students and the Nigerian Police at the University of Lagos. Akintunde Ojo; an architecture student at the University of Lagos was shot in the leg and he bled to death because he was denied care at LUTH and Orthopedic Hospital, Igbobi. Based on the turn of events, Okeowo sent word to his colleagues at the University of Ibadan, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and other federal universities. The protests escalated and the students were in open confrontation with both the Nigerian Army and Police. About 8 students were killed in Zaria by soldiers. The students refused to cower despite the deployment of soldiers. The protests spiraled beyond university campuses leading to fear and apprehension among the populace.
Aftermath
After a week of nationwide protests, the Federal Military Government shut down all universities and advised the students to go home. Three universities were shut indefinitely, and NUNS was banned. There was widespread looting and spontaneous violence.
Though the increment was not reversed, the ‘Ali Must Go’ protest legitimised the power of Nigerian students as it conveyed to the military government, the ability of students to mobilize across the country and carry out effective agitation and force change. The protest also helped to further mainstream student unionism as a national discussion.
The Mohammed Commission of Inquiry was established to investigate the underlying issues that led to the protests, the persons involved and to make necessary recommendations. The report was submitted to the government, following which some staff of the university and students were dismissed.
Okeowo was expelled from the University of Lagos for the role he played in the protests. He however graduated from the University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University) two years later with a bachelor's degree in education. He died on January 28, 2014, aged 73.
A library in the University of Lagos was named in memory of Akintunde Ojo.
Comparisons have been drawn between the 2020 End SARS protests and the ‘Ali Must Go’ protests.
See also
End SARS
National Union of Nigerian Students
References
Protests in Nigeria
1978 protests
1978 in Nigeria
Student protests |
Ixodes is a genus of hard-bodied ticks (family Ixodidae). It includes important disease vectors of animals and humans (tick-borne disease), and some species (notably Ixodes holocyclus) inject toxins that can cause paralysis. Some ticks in this genus may transmit the pathogenic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi responsible for causing Lyme disease. Additional organisms that may be transmitted by Ixodes are parasites from the genus Babesia, which cause babesiosis, and bacteria from the related genus Anaplasma, which cause anaplasmosis.
Species
These species are recognised within the genus Ixodes:
Ixodes abrocomae Lahille, 1917
Ixodes acer Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020
Ixodes acuminatus Neumann, 1901
Ixodes acutitarsus (Karsch, 1880)
Ixodes affinis Neumann, 1899
Ixodes albignaci Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969
Ixodes alluaudi Neumann, 1913
Ixodes amarali Fonseca, 1935
Ixodes amersoni Kohls, 1966
Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904
Ixodes andinus Kohls, 1956
Ixodes angustus Neumann, 1899
Ixodes antechini Roberts, 1960
Ixodes apronophorus Schulze, 1924
Ixodes arabukiensis Arthur, 1959
Ixodes aragaoi Fonseca, 1935
Ixodes arboricola Schulze & Schlottke, 1930
Ixodes arebiensis Arthur, 1956
Ixodes asanumai Kitaoka, 1973
Ixodes aulacodi Arthur, 1956
Ixodes auriculaelongae Arthur, 1958
Ixodes auritulus Neumann, 1904
Ixodes australiensis Neumann, 1904
Ixodes baergi Cooley & Kohls, 1942
Ixodes bakeri Arthur & Clifford, 1961
Ixodes banksi Bishopp, 1911
Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019
Ixodes bedfordi Arthur, 1959
Ixodes bequaerti Cooley & Kohls, 1945
Ixodes berlesei Birula, 1895
Ixodes bivari Santos Dias, 1990
Ixodes boliviensis Neumann, 1904
Ixodes brewsterae Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
Ixodes browningi Arthur, 1956
Ixodes brumpti Morel, 1965
Ixodes brunneus Koch, 1844
Ixodes calcarhebes Arthur & Zulu, 1980
Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910
Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849
Ixodes capromydis Cerný, 1966
Ixodes catherinei Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
Ixodes cavipalpus Nuttall & Warburton, 1908
Ixodes ceylonensis Kohls, 1950
Ixodes chilensis Kohls, 1956
Ixodes colasbelcouri Arthur, 1957
Ixodes collocaliae Schulze, 1937
Ixodes columnae Takada & Fujita, 1992
Ixodes conepati Cooley & Kohls, 1943
Ixodes confusus Roberts, 1960
Ixodes cookei Packard, 1869
Ixodes cooleyi Aragão & Fonseca, 1951
Ixodes copei Wilson, 1980
Ixodes cordifer Neumann, 1908
Ixodes cornuae Arthur, 1960
Ixodes cornuatus Roberts, 1960
Ixodes corwini Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
Ixodes crenulatus Koch, 1844
Ixodes cuernavacensis Kohls & Clifford, 1966
Ixodes cumulatimpunctatus Schulze, 1943
Ixodes dampfi Cooley, 1943
Ixodes daveyi Nuttall, 1913
Ixodes dawesi Arthur, 1956
Ixodes dendrolagi Wilson, 1967
Ixodes dentatus Marx, 1899
Ixodes dicei Keirans & Ajohda, 2003
Ixodes diomedeae Arthur, 1958
Ixodes diversifossus Neumann, 1899
Ixodes djaronensis Neumann, 1907
Ixodes domerguei Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1965
Ixodes downsi Kohls, 1957
Ixodes drakensbergensis Clifford, Theiler & Baker, 1975
Ixodes eadsi Kohls & Clifford, 1964
Ixodes eastoni Keirans & Clifford, 1983
Ixodes eichhorni Nuttall, 1916
Ixodes eldaricus Dzhaparidze, 1950
Ixodes elongatus Bedford, 1929
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885
Ixodes euplecti Arthur, 1958
Ixodes evansi Arthur, 1956
Ixodes fecialis Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
Ixodes festai Rondelli, 1926
Ixodes fossulatus Neumann, 1899
Ixodes frontalis Panzer, 1798
Ixodes fuscipes Koch, 1844
Ixodes galapagoensis Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1980
Ixodes ghilarovi Filippova & Panova, 1988
Ixodes gibbosus Nuttall, 1916
Ixodes giluwensis Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020
Ixodes goliath Apanaskevich and Lemon, 2018
Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897
Ixodes gregsoni Lindquist, Wu & Redner, 1999
Ixodes guatemalensis Kohls, 1956
Ixodes hearlei Gregson, 1941
Ixodes heathi Kwak, Madden & Wicker, 2018
Ixodes heinrichi Arthur, 1962
Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815
Ixodes himalayensis Dhanda & Kulkarni, 1969
Ixodes hirsti Hassall, 1931
Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899
Ixodes hoogstraali Arthur, 1955
Ixodes howelli Cooley & Kohls, 1938
Ixodes hyatti Clifford, Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1971
Ixodes hydromyidis Swan, 1931
Ixodes jacksoni Hoogstraal, 1967
Ixodes jellisoni Cooley & Kohls, 1938
Ixodes jonesae Kohls, Sonenshine & Clifford, 1969
Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957
Ixodes kaschmiricus Pomerantsev, 1948
Ixodes kazakstani Olenev & Sorokoumov, 1934
Ixodes kerguelenensis André & Colas-Belcour, 1942
Ixodes kingi Bishopp, 1911
Ixodes kohlsi Arthur, 1955
Ixodes kopsteini Oudemans, 1926
Ixodes kuntzi Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1965
Ixodes laguri Olenev, 1929
Ixodes lasallei Méndez Arocha & Ortiz, 1958
Ixodes latus Arthur, 1958
Ixodes laysanensis Wilson, 1964
Ixodes lemuris Arthur, 1958
Ixodes lewisi Arthur, 1965
Ixodes lividus Koch, 1844
Ixodes longiscutatus Boero, 1944
Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899
Ixodes loveridgei Arthur, 1958
Ixodes luciae Sénevet, 1940
Ixodes lunatus Neumann, 1907
Ixodes luxuriosus Schulze, 1932
Ixodes macfarlanei Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
Ixodes malayensis Kohls, 1962
Ixodes marmotae Cooley & Kohls, 1938
Ixodes marxi Banks, 1908
Ixodes maslovi Emelyanova & Kozlovskaya, 1967
Ixodes matopi Spickett, Keirans, Norval & Clifford, 1981
Ixodes mexicanus Cooley & Kohls, 1942
Ixodes microgalei Apanaskevich, Soarimalala & Goodman, 2013
Ixodes minor Neumann, 1902
Ixodes minutae Arthur, 1959
Ixodes mirzai Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020
Ixodes mitchelli Kohls, Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1970
Ixodes monospinosus Saito, 1968
Ixodes montoyanus Cooley, 1944
Ixodes moreli Arthur, 1957
Ixodes moscharius Teng, 1982
Ixodes moschiferi Nemenz, 1968
Ixodes muniensis Arthur & Burrow, 1957
Ixodes muris Bishopp & Smith, 1937
Ixodes murreleti Cooley & Kohls, 1945
Ixodes myospalacis Teng, 1986
Ixodes myotomys Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1970
Ixodes myrmecobii Roberts, 1962
Ixodes nairobiensis Nuttall, 1916
Ixodes nchisiensis Arthur, 1958
Ixodes nectomys Kohls, 1956
Ixodes neitzi Clifford, Walker & Keirans, 1977
Ixodes nesomys Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969
Ixodes neuquenensis Ringuelet, 1947
Ixodes nicolasi Santos Dias, 1982
Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka & Saito, 1967
Ixodes nitens Neumann, 1904
Ixodes nuttalli Lahille, 1913
Ixodes nuttallianus Schulze, 1930
Ixodes occultus Pomerantsev, 1946
Ixodes ochotonae Gregson, 1941
Ixodes okapiae Arthur, 1956
Ixodes oldi Nuttall, 1913
Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucas, 1846
Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899
Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, 1943
Ixodes paranaensis Barros-Battesti, Arzua, Pichorim & Keirans, 2003
Ixodes pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, in Keirans, Clifford, Guglielmone & Mangold, 1985
Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantsev, 1946
Ixodes percavatus Neumann, 1906
Ixodes peromysci Augustson, 1940
Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930
Ixodes petauristae Warburton, 1933
Ixodes philipi Keirans & Kohls, 1970
Ixodes pilosus Koch, 1844
Ixodes planiscutatus Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020
Ixodes pomerantzi Kohls, 1956
Ixodes pomeranzevi Serdyukova, 1941
Ixodes priscicollaris Schulze, 1932
Ixodes procaviae Arthur & Burrow, 1957
Ixodes prokopjevi (Emelyanova, 1979)
Ixodes radfordi Kohls, 1948
Ixodes rageaui Arthur, 1958
Ixodes randrianasoloi Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969
Ixodes rangtangensis Teng, 1973
Ixodes rasus Neumann, 1899
Ixodes redikorzevi Olenev, 1927
Ixodes rhabdomysae Arthur, 1959
Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ixodes rothschildi Nuttall & Warburton, 1911
Ixodes rotundatus Arthur, 1958
Ixodes rubicundus Neumann, 1904
Ixodes rubidus Neumann, 1901
Ixodes rugicollis Schulze & Schlottke, 1930
Ixodes rugosus Bishopp, 1911
Ixodes sachalinensis Filippova, 1971
Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821
Ixodes schillingsi Neumann, 1901
Ixodes schulzei Aragão & Fonseca, 1951
Ixodes sculptus Neumann, 1904
Ixodes semenovi Olenev, 1929
Ixodes serrafreirei Amorim, Gazeta, Bossi & Linhares, 2003
Ixodes shahi Clifford, Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1971
Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka & Suzuki, 1983
Ixodes sigelos Keirans, Clifford & Corwin, 1976
Ixodes signatus Birula, 1895
Ixodes simplex Neumann, 1906
Ixodes sinaloa Kohls & Clifford, 1966
Ixodes sinensis Teng, 1977
Ixodes soarimalalae Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020
Ixodes soricis Gregson, 1942
Ixodes spinae Arthur, 1958
Ixodes spinicoxalis Neumann, 1899
Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen & Nuttall, 1916
Ixodes steini Schulze, 1932
Ixodes stellae Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020
Ixodes stilesi Neumann, 1911
Ixodes stromi Filippova, 1957
Ixodes subterranus Filippova, 1961
Ixodes succineus Weidner, 1964
Ixodes taglei Kohls, 1969
Ixodes tamaulipas Kohls & Clifford, 1966
Ixodes tancitarius Cooley & Kohls, 1942
Ixodes tanuki Saito, 1964
Ixodes tapirus Kohls, 1956
Ixodes tasmani Neumann, 1899
Ixodes tecpanensis Kohls, 1956
Ixodes tertiarius Scudder
Ixodes texanus Banks, 1909
Ixodes theilerae Arthur, 1953
Ixodes thomasae Arthur & Burrow, 1957
Ixodes tiptoni Kohls & Clifford, 1962
Ixodes tovari Cooley, 1945
Ixodes transvaalensis Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1966
Ixodes trianguliceps Birula, 1895
Ixodes trichosuri Roberts, 1960
Ixodes tropicalis Kohls, 1956
Ixodes turdus Nakatsuji, 1942
Ixodes ugandanus Neumann, 1906
Ixodes uilenbergi Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020
Ixodes uncus Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020
Ixodes unicavatus Neumann, 1908
Ixodes uriae White, 1852
Ixodes vanidicus Schulze, 1943
Ixodes venezuelensis Kohls, 1953
Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936
Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844
Ixodes vestitus Neumann, 1908
Ixodes victoriensis Nuttall, 1916
Ixodes walkerae Clifford, Kohls & Hoogstraal, 1968
Ixodes werneri Kohls, 1950
Ixodes woodi Bishopp, 1911
Ixodes zaglossi Kohls, 1960
Ixodes zairensis Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
Ixodes zumpti Arthur, 1960
References
External links
Ixodidae
Acari genera
Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille |
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation is called a Bernoulli differential equation if it is of the form
where is a real number. Some authors allow any real , whereas others require that not be 0 or 1. The equation was first discussed in a work of 1695 by Jacob Bernoulli, after whom it is named. The earliest solution, however, was offered by Gottfried Leibniz, who published his result in the same year and whose method is the one still used today.
Bernoulli equations are special because they are nonlinear differential equations with known exact solutions. A notable special case of the Bernoulli equation is the logistic differential equation.
Transformation to a linear differential equation
When , the differential equation is linear. When , it is separable. In these cases, standard techniques for solving equations of those forms can be applied. For and , the substitution reduces any Bernoulli equation to a linear differential equation
For example, in the case , making the substitution in the differential equation produces the equation , which is a linear differential equation.
Solution
Let and
be a solution of the linear differential equation
Then we have that is a solution of
And for every such differential equation, for all we have as solution for .
Example
Consider the Bernoulli equation
(in this case, more specifically a Riccati equation).
The constant function is a solution.
Division by yields
Changing variables gives the equations
which can be solved using the integrating factor
Multiplying by
The left side can be represented as the derivative of by reversing the product rule. Applying the chain rule and integrating both sides with respect to results in the equations
The solution for is
Notes
References
. Cited in .
.
External links
Index of differential equations
Ordinary differential equations |
WXKW was the call sign for two unrelated AM radio stations in upstate New York; originally on 850 kHz, with a second incarnation on 1600 kHz in the 1960s.
1948–1953: The original WXKW
WXKW took to the air on July 24, 1948. It transmitted from six inline 300-foot towers, on Beaver Dam Road in Selkirk, with 10,000 watts on 850 kHz. Studios occupied the entire fifth floor of the First Trust Company Building, 444 Broadway, Albany, a beneficial arrangement, as several of the station’s managers were also bank officers. Within a month of its debut, WXKW - with its much more powerful signal - managed to steal the ABC radio network from WOKO.
WXKW was plagued with technical and legal problems from day one. Its towers were supposed to beam its signal north and south, to protect WHDH Boston, on the same frequency, and KOA Denver, which reached 38 states at night. However, WXKW’s antenna array - the first of its kind in the country - proved an engineering nightmare, never operating to specs. Parts of its signal spilled out east and west. WHDH and KOA immediately filed interference complaints with the FCC. The Bureau mandated that WXKW lower its night power by 90 percent, to a mere 1,000 Watts, until hearings could be held.
Hearings were scheduled and rescheduled, dragging on almost indefinitely. The station operated on a conditional license for the better part of its lifetime. Although audible from Lake George to Kingston during the day, WXKW continued to limp along on low power at night. There was conjecture in the broadcasting community that WGY, owned by General Electric, and unhappy about having a powerful competitor just four channels up the dial, was doing its best in Washington to make life miserable for WXKW.
At the time of its inception, WXKW (which began as WRWR) had also filed a TV application, just when the FCC instituted a freeze on licenses. When the freeze was lifted in 1952, there was a scramble among the area broadcasters for the two precious new UHF channels. A year later, in a complicated deal to end the rivalry for channel 23, Champlain Valley Broadcasting Corporation (WXKW’s owners) withdrew WXKW from the field and sold its physical assets (transmitter sites in Selkirk and Pinnacle Mountain in the Helderbergs, plus transmitting equipment) for $300,000 to the other three applicants. Management insisted it did so to spare lengthy litigation that would impede the development of local TV, but more likely the buyout - which mandated the station cease operations - enabled a clean exit from a messy operation.
WXKW/850 went silent at midnight on July 31, 1953.
1961–1966: Return of WXKW
The WXKW calls were once again issued to an Albany radio station on January 9, 1961, this time for a 500-watt daytime only station operating at 1600 kHz in Watervliet, New York, 6 miles north of Albany. This station went through a number of format changes in its short history, to include easy listening, middle-of-the-road, R&B and soul music, old-time radio, ethnic, religious, and even country music. The studios were located in the Hendrick Hudson Hotel in downtown Troy, New York, while the transmitter tower was located off 19th Street in Watervliet. That station had a very difficult time becoming financially stable, and late in its history it's said that employee paychecks frequently bounced.
On March 5, 1966, during a period when the owner owed several months of back rent, the landlord cut off the electricity to the station's studio. Later that evening, a fire completely destroyed the facility. The disc jockeys attempted to keep the station on the air by playing records at the transmitter site. It was eventually decided that the staff of WXKW would shut down the station. After one final show on the station, playing music commercial-free, with just breaks for station identification on the hour and half-hour, the program director went on the air one last time at 10:55 and said, "Due to circumstances beyond our control, WXKW will cease operations at this time." The final songs played on WXKW were Auld Lang Syne and the National Anthem, and the chief engineer smashed the main transmitter tube at 11:00 a.m. That ended the second and final chapter of WXKW radio in the Capital District.
References
XKW
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1948
1966 disestablishments in New York (state)
1948 establishments in New York (state)
Radio stations disestablished in 1953
Radio stations established in 1962
1953 disestablishments in New York (state)
1962 establishments in New York (state)
Radio stations disestablished in 1966
XKW
XKW (1961-66) |
Francis of Paola (or: Francesco di Paola or Francis the Fire Handler; 27 March 1416 – 2 April 1507), was an Italian mendicant friar and the founder of the Roman Catholic Order of Minims. Unlike the majority of founders of men's religious orders, and like his patron saint, Francis was never ordained a priest.
Biography
Francis was born in the town of Paola, which lies in the southern Italian Province of Cosenza, Calabria. In his youth he was educated by the Franciscan friars in Paola. His parents, having remained childless for some years after their marriage, had recourse to prayer and especially commended themselves to the intercession of Francis of Assisi, after whom they named their first-born son. Two other children were eventually born to them.
When still in the cradle, Francis suffered from a swelling which endangered the sight of one of his eyes. His parents again had recourse to Francis of Assisi and made a vow that their son should pass an entire year wearing the "little habit" of St Francis in one of the friaries of his Order, a not-uncommon practice in the Middle Ages. The child subsequently recovered. At the age of 13, being admonished by a vision of a Franciscan friar, he entered a friary of the Franciscan Order to fulfill the vow made by his parents. At the completion of the year he went with his parents on a pilgrimage to Assisi, Rome, and other places of devotion. Returning to Paola, he selected a secluded cave on his father's estate and there lived in solitude; but later on he found an even-more secluded cave on the sea coast. Here he remained alone for about six years, giving himself to prayer and mortification.
Minim Friars
In 1435 two companions joined him in his retreat, and to accommodate them Francis caused three cells and a chapel to be built: in this way the new order was begun. By 1436, he and two followers began a movement that would become the foundation of the Hermits of Saint Francis of Assisi, which would later be renamed as the Minim friars. Their name refers to their role as the "least of all the faithful". Humility was to be the hallmark of the brothers as it had been in Francis' personal life. Abstinence from meat and other animal products became a "fourth vow" of his religious order, along with the traditional vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Francis instituted the continual, year-round observance of this diet in an effort to revive the tradition of fasting during Lent, which many Roman Catholics had ceased to practice by the 15th century. The rule of life adopted by Francis and his religious was one of extraordinary severity. He felt that heroic mortification was necessary as a means for spiritual growth. They were to seek to live unknown and hidden from the world.
The number of his disciples gradually increased, and about 1454, with the permission of Pyrrhus, Archbishop of Cosenza, Francis built a large monastery and church. The building of this monastery was the occasion of a great outburst of enthusiasm and devotion on the part of the people towards Francis: even the nobles carried stones and joined in the work. Their devotion was increased by the many miracles which Francis wrought in answer to their prayers.
In 1474 Pope Sixtus IV gave him permission to write a rule for his community, and to assume the title of Hermits of St. Francis: this rule was formally approved by Pope Alexander VI, who, however, changed their title into that of "Minims". After the approbation of the order, Francis founded several new monasteries in Calabria and Sicily. He also established monasteries of nuns, and a third order for people living in the world, after the example of Francis of Assisi. He was no respecter of persons based solely on their worldly rank or position. He rebuked the King of Naples for his ill-doing and in consequence suffered persecution.
France
When King Louis XI of France was in his last illness, he sent an embassy to Calabria to beg Francis to visit him. Francis refused to come until the pope ordered him to go. Embarking at Ostia, he landed in France, and cured many sick of the plague in Provence as he passed. He then went to the king at his residence, the Château de Plessis-lez-Tours (now within the village of La Riche), and was with him at his death. He became a tutor of the heir, Charles VIII, who kept him near the court and frequently consulted him.
This king built a monastery for the Minims there near the chateau at Plessis and another at Rome on the Pincian Hill. Francis also influenced many in the French church, particularly Jan Standonck, who founded the Collège de Montaigu along what he thought were Minimist lines. The regard in which Charles VIII held him was shared by his successor, Louis XII, each of whom insisted he remain in France.
Francis was now eager to return to Italy, but the king would not permit him, not wishing to lose his counsels and direction. Francis spent the last three months of his life in entire solitude, preparing for death. On Holy Thursday of 1507 he gathered his community around him and exhorted them especially to have mutual charity amongst themselves and to maintain the rigour of their life and in particular perpetual abstinence. The next day, Good Friday, he again called them together and gave them his last instructions and appointed a Vicar General. He died at Plessis on 2 April 1507 at the age of ninety-one.
Diet
Francis followed a diet not only free from animal flesh, but also from all animal-derived foods, such as eggs and dairy products. One of the vows of the order he founded was the abstinence from meat, fish, eggs, butter, cheese and milk. Francis has been described as a vegan.
The two major movements in this order were humility and non-violence. The word "Minim" refers to living as the smallest or least, or embracing humility, simplicity, and plainness. The call to non-violence and absence of cruelty was expressed through not doing harm to any creature.
Gift of prophecy
It was believed that Francis was favored with the gift of prophecy. He apparently foretold to several persons, in the years 1447, 1448, and 1449, the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, which happened on 29 May 1453, under the command of Mahomet II, when Constantine Palaeologus, the last Christian emperor, was killed in battle.
Theodoor van Thulden painted a mystic episode that was said to have occurred over a century earlier. It depicts Francis of Paola, who was revered in France because he visited the country in 1482, at the bedside of Louise of Savoy to announce that she will give birth to the next king of France, the future Francis I. In 1515, King Louis XII died without a male heir and the throne went to Francis I, of the royal family's Valois-Angoulême branch. Louise of Savoy and her spouse, the Count of Angoulême, who is almost certainly the figure depicted to the left of the bed, decided to name the child Francis in honor of the saint.
Legends
According to a famous story, in the year 1464, he was refused passage by a boatman while trying to cross the Strait of Messina to Sicily. He reportedly laid his cloak on the water, tied one end to his staff as a sail, and sailed across the strait with his companions following in the boat. The second of Franz Liszt's "Legendes" (for solo piano) describes this story in music.
After his nephew died, the boy's mother—Francis' own sister—appealed to Francis for comfort, and filled his apartment with lamentations. After the Mass and divine office had been said for the repose of his soul, Francis ordered the corpse to be carried from the church into his cell, where he continued praying until, to her great astonishment, the boy's life was restored and Francis presented him to his mother in perfect health. The young man entered his order and is the celebrated Nicholas Alesso who afterwards followed his uncle into France, and was famous for sanctity and many great actions.
There are several stories about his compassion for animals, and how he gave back life to animals that were killed to be eaten. For example, a biographer writes:
"Francis had a favorite trout that he called 'Antonella'. One day, one of the priests, who provided religious services, saw the trout swimming about in his pool. To him it was just a delicious dish, so he caught it and took it home, tossing it into the frying pan. Francis missed 'Antonella' and realized what had happened. He asked one of his followers to go to the priest to get it back. The priest, annoyed by this great concern for a mere fish, threw the cooked trout on the ground, shattering it into several pieces. The hermit sent by Francis gathered up the broken pieces in his hands and brought them back to Francis. Francis placed the pieces back in the pool and, looking up to Heaven and praying, said: 'Antonella, in the name of Charity, return to life.' The trout immediately became whole and swam joyously around his pool as if nothing had happened. The friars and the workers who witnessed this miracle were deeply impressed by the miracle."
Francis also raised his pet lamb from the dead after it had been killed and eaten by workmen. Being in need of food, the workmen caught and slaughtered Francis' pet lamb, Martinello, roasting it in their lime kiln. They were eating when Francis approached them, looking for the lamb. They told him they had eaten it, having no other food. He asked what they had done with the fleece and the bones. They told him they had thrown them into the furnace. Francis walked over to the furnace, looked into the fire and called "Martinello, come out!" The lamb jumped out, completely untouched, bleating happily on seeing his master.
Francis of Paola called the animals by their names even after their lives had ended. He apparently believed they continued to exist after their deaths.
Legacy and veneration
Pope Leo X canonized him in 1519. He is considered to be a patron saint of boatmen, mariners, and naval officers. His liturgical feast day is celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church on April 2, the day on which he died. In 1963, Pope John XXIII designated him as the patron saint of Calabria. Though his miracles were numerous, he was canonized for his humility and discernment in blending the contemplative life with the active one.
The Order of Minims does not seem at any time to have been very extensive, but they had houses in many countries. The definitive rule was approved in 1506 by Pope Julius II, who also approved a rule for the nuns of the Order. A Third Order of their movement was also approved. The most noted member of this Order was the illustrious French bishop, Francis de Sales. Although the Minim order lost many of its monasteries in the 18th century during the French Revolution, it continues to exist, primarily in Italy.
In 1562, a group of Protestant Huguenots in France broke open his tomb and found Francis' body incorrupt. They dragged it forth, burned it and scattered the bones, which were recovered by Catholic faithful and distributed as relics to various churches of his order.
Devotion of the Thirteen Fridays
Pope Clement XII, in the brief Coelestium Munerum Dispensatio of 2 December 1738, promulgated an indulgence to all the faithful who, upon 13 Fridays continuously preceding the Feast of St. Francis of Paola (2 April), or at any other time of the year, shall, in honor of Francis, visit a church of the Minims and pray there for the church. In this brief, mention is made of a devotion which originated with Francis himself, who, on each of 13 Fridays, used to recite 13 Pater Nosters (Our Fathers) and as many Ave Marias (Hail Marys), and this devotion he promulgated by word of mouth and by letter to his own devout followers, as an efficacious means of obtaining from God the graces they desired, provided they were for the greater good of their souls.
See also
San Francesco di Paola, Naples
References
Sources and external links
Catholic.org, Online entry for Francis of Paola
Herbert Thurston, The Physical Phenomena of Mysticism, pp. 174–75
Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica
Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square
1416 births
1507 deaths
15th-century Christian saints
15th-century Italian Christian monks
16th-century Christian saints
16th-century Italian Christian monks
Founders of Catholic religious communities
Italian hermits
Italian Roman Catholic saints
Incorrupt saints
Medieval Italian saints
Minims (religious order)
People from Paola, Calabria |
Wolwelange (, ) is a small town in the commune of Rambrouch, in western Luxembourg. , the town has a population of 339.
Rambrouch
Towns in Luxembourg |
Avraham Zilberberg (, born 15 December 1915, died 19 June 1980) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1969 and 1977.
Biography
Born in an area that later became Poland, Zilberberg spent World War II in Siberia. He made aliyah to Israel in 1948, and was one of the founders of Beit Elazari, the first moshav founded by new immigrants. He became one of the leaders of the Moshavim Movement, serving as its deputy general secretary, and was also chairman of the moshav constituent of the Labor Party.
In 1969 Zilberberg was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list (an alliance of the Labor Party and Mapam). He was re-elected in 1973, but lost his seat in the 1977 elections.
He died in 1980 at the age of 64.
References
External links
1915 births
1980 deaths
Polish emigrants to Israel
Alignment (Israel) politicians
Members of the 7th Knesset (1969–1974)
Members of the 8th Knesset (1974–1977) |
Tancred's Tower, known in Arabic as Qasr (al-)Jalud ("Goliath's Castle", ), was a large tower at the northwest corner of the Old City of Jerusalem, of which only meager remains were unearthed by archaeologists.
Today, much of the area of the original structure is beneath the of the De La Salle Brothers.
Parts of it are in the external base of the city wall where the section coming from the New Gate to the northeast meets the section coming from Jaffa Gate to the southeast.
Names
The tower is known in Arabic as / ("Goliath's Castle") or ("Goliath's Fortress") or ("Goliath's Tower").
The name may be from traditions about Goliath or an allusion to its size or a reference to the Tower of David.
To the Crusaders, it was the (Latin for "Tancred's Tower"), after Tancred of Antioch, the commander whose troops breached the Fatimid defenses at this specific point during the 1099 siege. There was also a 13th-century map where it is the .
Excavation
The remains of the tower were discovered during excavations led by Dan Bahat and Menashe Ben-Ari of the Department of Antiquities in 1971–72.
History
The remains are of a large tower, probably first built in the 11th century during the Fatimid period, when the Christian community was forced by decree in 1063 to erect a new wall complete with towers in the north-western part of the city. Sources speak of a forewall, moat, and main wall. During the 1099 siege at the end of the First Crusade, the city and tower fell to the Franks, who later referred to it as Tancred's Tower because it was at this spot that the Italo-Norman leader first attempted to scale Jerusalem's city wall by ladder on 13 June 1099. During the Crusader reign over the city, there was a postern gate adjacent to the tower. Lepers were housed in the vicinity of the tower already around 1130, and later became organised as the crusading military order of Saint Lazarus. The tower was apparently expanded by the Ayyubids after Saladin's reconquest of the city in 1187, but it was destroyed along with the entire city wall sometime later, possibly in 1219, when Ayyubid ruler al-Mu'azzam Isa razed most of the city fortifications. Part of the remains of the tower on the inside of the Ottoman walls were razed in 1876, when the was built.
Description
The tower footprint, which measures approximately 35 × 35 metres, was found to protrude by some 3 metres from underneath the 16th-century Ottoman city wall, built on top of the medieval tower's ruins, which were levelled for the purpose. It was found that the tower was separated from the city wall on its north and west sides by a street. The contemporary city wall follows closely the tower's outline, and is bordered to the north and west by two moat segments, excavated to a depth of c. 7 metres.
References
External links
including the city walls and the remains of the tower.
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Historic sites in Jerusalem
Archaeological sites in Jerusalem
Medieval sites in Jerusalem
Castles and fortifications of the Kingdom of Jerusalem |
Xiangliangyou 900 (湘两优900) is a cultivar of hybrid rice that holds the world's record for yield. It has a specific average of 17.2 tons per hectare, even in the cold semi-arid climates (Bsk) of Köppen-Geiger. It was developed in Hubei, China in 2017 specifically to feed the nation's huge population, to develop a secure food source, and is the latest of a series of hybrid rice varieties with high yields.
Background
Many varieties of rice have been developed in China, with the sole aim of increasing yield per unit of land. Xiangliangyou 900 is the latest and highest yielding of the series.
Some varieties in the series have been exported with Chinese agricultural technical assistance to places such as Africa, where the populations are forecast to massively increase in coming years.
References
External sites
Xiangliangyou 900
Rice varieties
Food security
Agriculture in China |
You Are Waltari is the 12th album by the Finnish metal band Waltari, released by Rodeostar records in 2015.
Track listing
12 - 3:43
Tranquality - 4:03
Solutions - 3:33
Only the Truth - 4:03
Mountain Top - 4:00
Right Wing Theme - 4:01
Strangled - 2:02
Keep it Alive - 3:51
Singular - 4:10
Not Much to Touch You - 4:52
Hyvä Oli Hyvä Oli - 4:44
Drag - 4:42
Televizor - 3:24
Diggin the Alien - 3:38
Personnel
Kärtsy Hatakka — lead vocals, bass, keyboards
Jariot Lehtinen — guitars, backing vocals
Sami Yli-Sirniö — guitars, backing vocals
Ville Vehviläinen — drums
Kimmo Korhonen — guitars, backing vocals
Nino Silvennoinen — guitars, backing vocals
Jani Hölli — keyboards
References
Waltari albums
2015 albums |
Osieczna is a village in Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Osieczna. It lies approximately south-west of Starogard Gdański and south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located in the historic region of Pomerania.
History
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), Osieczna was one of the sites of executions of Poles, carried out by the Germans in 1939 as part of the Intelligenzaktion.
References
Osieczna |
Luis Alexander Basabe (born August 26, 1996) is a Venezuelan professional baseball outfielder who is currently a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants. Listed at 6' 0" , 160 lb. , he is a switch hitter and throws right handed. The Boston Red Sox signed Basabe as an international amateur free agent in 2012. He made his MLB debut in 2020.
Career
Boston Red Sox
The Boston Red Sox signed Basabe as an international amateur free agent in 2012 out of Venezuela for $450,000, at the same time that they signed his twin brother, Luis Alejandro Basabe. Basabe gained attention from scouts due to his tool set at a young age, displaying plus speed, plus arm strength in center field, raw power, athleticism, plate discipline, and the ability to hit from both sides of the plate. From 2013–2015, the Basabes played together after signing in the Dominican Summer and Gulf Coast leagues. He finished the year with the GCL Red Sox, hitting .248/.328/.324 in 32 games, before being promoted to the Lowell Spinners the next season.
Basabe hit .243/.340/.401 with 15 runs and 13 RBIs in 56 games for the Spinners in 2015, tying for third with teammate Andrew Benintendi in the short-season New York–Penn League with seven home runs despite being its third-youngest regular at age 18 in a league full of former college players. He showed speed on the basepaths as well, leading Lowell with 15 stolen bases. That was also good for 10th in the NYPL. Besides, he became the first player in Lowell's 20-year history to homer from both sides of the plate in one game, doing so in June and again in July, and also represented his team in the NYPL All-Star Game.
Basabe opened 2016 at Low-A Class Greenville Drive, where he showed his potential and rare combination of power and speed in 105 games. Though he scuffled in the first half, Basabe emerged in the second half and hit .298/.361/.502, including a .363 average in the month of July, to bring his season line to .261/.328/.451, hitting 8 triples (fourth in the South Atlantic League), 12 home runs, and stealing 25 bases (ninth in the league) while being caught only five times. In addition, he drove in 52 runs and scored 61 times. Furthermore, he was selected to the South Atlantic League post-season All-Star team, and a Baseball America Low Class A All Star.
After being promoted to the Salem Red Sox for the last week of the season and postseason, Basabe seemed to be fitting right into High-A Class. In five games, he went 8-for-22 and slashed .364/.391/.545 with two doubles and one triple. Overall, he ranked fourth among the Sox minor leaguers in steals, sixth in homers, seventh in runs, eighth in triples (8), and tenth in hits (104) and doubles (24). He was eligible for selection in the Rule 5 draft in December.
Chicago White Sox
On December 6, 2016, Basabe was traded to the Chicago White Sox, along with Yoan Moncada, Michael Kopech, and Victor Diaz, for Chris Sale. He spent his first season in the White Sox organization with the High-A Winston-Salem Dash where he batted .221/.320/.320 with five home runs, 17 stolen bases (while being caught 6 times), and 36 RBIs.
The White Sox added Basabe to their 40-man roster after the 2017 season. He spent 2018 with Winston-Salem, with whom he was a mid-season Carolina League All Star, and the Double AA Birmingham Barons, slashing .258/.354/.445 with 15 home runs, 56 RBIs, and 16 stolen bases (while being caught 12 times) over 119 games. He was an All-Star Futures Game selection with Birmingham.
Basabe spent a majority of 2019 with Birmingham while also playing in five games with the Kannapolis Intimidators, batting .250/.331/.341 with three home runs and 10 stolen bases (while being caught five times) over 74 games between the two teams.
On August 4, 2020, Basabe was designated for assignment following the selection of Brady Lail to the 40-man roster.
San Francisco Giants
On August 9, Basabe was traded to the San Francisco Giants in exchange for cash considerations. On August 27, 2020, he was promoted to the major leagues for the first time and made his debut that day against the Los Angeles Dodgers.
On February 4, 2021, Basabe was designated for assignment by the Giants to open a 40-man roster spot for Tommy La Stella. On February 11, Basabe was outrighted to the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats.
Chicago White Sox (second stint)
On November 21, 2021, Basabe signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. He was assigned to the Triple-A Charlotte Knights to begin the 2022 season. After limping to an .080/.115/.160 slash with no home runs or RBI in 9 games for Charlotte, Basabe was released by the White Sox organization on May 3, 2022.
Personal life
Two of Basabe's cousins (Osleivis Basabe and Luis Matos) currently play in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Tampa Bay Rays and San Francisco Giants, respectively.
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
Arizona Complex League Giants players
Birmingham Barons players
Dominican Summer League Red Sox players
Glendale Desert Dogs players
Greenville Drive players
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Kannapolis Intimidators players
Leones del Caracas players
Lowell Spinners players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Major League Baseball players from Venezuela
Sportspeople from Mérida (state)
Salem Red Sox players
San Francisco Giants players
Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States
Winston-Salem Dash players |
The KSAFA Championship League also known for sponsorship purposes as the Campari/KSAFA Championship League , is a men's second division football league, it’s sanctioned by the Jamaican Football Federation. The league is contested between 12 clubs that are based in the parishes of St. Andrew and Kingston, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation where as at the end of each season the two lowest placed teams are relegated to KSAFA Major League.
At the end of each season the winners qualify for the National Premier League Playoff along with the winners of the South Central Confederation Super League, Eastern Confederation Super League and Western Confederation Super League.
These four teams play each other, home and away, with the top two teams from this playoff being promoted to the Jamaica National Premier League.
Member teams 2010-11
August Town F.C.
Barbican F.C.
Bull Bay F.C.
Cavalier S.C.
Constant Spring F.C.
Duhaney Park F.C.
Mountain View United F.C.
Rae Town F.C.
Real Mona F.C.
Rockfort F.C.
Santos F.C.
UWI
Jamaica Defence Force Will not play due to domestic military duties.
Member teams 2018-19
Barbican F.C.
Browns Town F.C.
Central Kingston F.C.
Maverly/Hughenden F.C.
Maxfield Park F.C.
Molynes United F.C.
Mountain View F.C.
Pembroke Hall F.C.
Rae Town F.C
Real Mona F.C.
Rockfort F.C.
Santos F.C.
Past Champions
2018: Molynes United
2017: Cavalier S.C.
2016: Maverley Hughenden
2015: UWI F.C.
2014: Barbican F.C.
2013: August Town F.C.
2012: Cavalier S.C.
2011: Cavalier S.C.
2010: Pembroke Hall F.C
2009: August Town F.C.
2008: Meadhaven United F.C.
2007: Police Nationals F.C.
2006: August Town F.C.
2005: Boys' Town F.C.
2004: Santos F.C.
References
2
Jam |
The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 is one of three major drug control treaties currently in force. It provides additional legal mechanisms for enforcing the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Convention entered into force on November 11, 1990. As of June 2020, there are 191 Parties to the Convention. These include 186 out of 193 United Nations member states (not Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, or Tuvalu) and the Holy See, the European Union, the Cook Islands, Niue, and the State of Palestine.
Background
The 1988 Convention was introduced following the political and sociological developments in the 1970s and 1980s. The growing demand for cannabis, cocaine, and heroin for recreational purposes, mostly in the developed world, triggered an increase of illicit production in geographical areas where cannabis, coca, and opium had been traditionally cultivated. With the rising size of the illicit drug trade, international drug trafficking became a multibillion-dollar business dominated by criminal groups, providing grounds for the creation of the 1988 Convention and the consequential escalation of the war on drugs.
The Preamble notes that previous enforcement efforts have not stopped drug use, warning of "steadily increasing inroads into various social groups made by illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances." It cautions that the drug trade and related activities "undermine the legitimate economies and threaten the stability, security and sovereignty of States." The sense of urgency is underscored by the image of innocent boys and girls being exploited:
[C]hildren are used in many parts of the world as an illicit drug consumers market and for purposes of illicit production, distribution and trade in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, which entails a danger of incalculable gravity.
Drug manufacture and distribution
Much of the treaty is devoted to fighting organized crime by mandating cooperation in tracing and seizing drug-related assets. Article 5 of the Convention requires its parties to confiscate proceeds from drug offenses. It also requires parties to empower its courts or other competent authorities to order that bank, financial, or commercial records be made available or seized. The Convention further states that a party may not decline to act on this provision on the ground of bank secrecy.
Article 6 of the Convention provides a legal basis for extradition in drug-related cases among countries having no other extradition treaties. In addition, the Convention requires the parties to provide mutual legal assistance to one another upon request, for purposes of searches, seizures, service of judicial documents, and so on.
In addition, Article 12 of the Convention establishes two categories of controlled illicit drug precursor substances, Table I and Table II. The Commission on Narcotic Drugs has power to decide whether to control a precursor substance, and which Table to place it in. The assessment of the International Narcotics Control Board is binding on the Commission, however, as to scientific matters. A two-thirds vote is required to add a substance to a Table.
Article 12 protects the interests of pharmaceutical and chemical companies by requiring the Board to take into account the "extent, importance and diversity of the licit use of the substance, and the possibility and ease of using alternate substances both for licit purposes and for the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances."
Control of amphetamine-type stimulant precursors has become a major UN priority.
Drug possession
Article 3 of the Convention may require nations to ban possession of drugs for personal use:
Subject to its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system, each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish as a criminal offence under its domestic law, when committed intentionally, the possession, purchase or cultivation of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances for personal consumption contrary to the provisions of the 1961 Convention, the 1961 Convention as amended or the 1971 Convention.
Previous drug control treaties had targeted drug manufacturers and traffickers, rather than users. In their 2003 article, "The Mechanics and Dynamics of the UN System for International Drug Control," David Bewley-Taylor and Cindy Fazey explain that "[t]he 1988 Convention was an attempt to reach a political balance between consumer and producer countries. Consequently, it was not only the duty of producing countries (e.g. the developing countries of Asia and South America) to suppress illicit supply, but also the duty of consumer countries (e.g. the industrialized countries of Europe and North America) to suppress the demand for drugs."
However, it is unclear whether this provision actually does mandate prohibition of drug possession for personal use, due to the caveat that such possession need only be prohibited if it is "contrary to the provisions of the 1961 Convention, the 1961 Convention as amended or the 1971 Convention." The American National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse found that the provisions of the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs against possession apply only to possession related to illicit trafficking, while the Canadian Le Dain Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs found otherwise.
Constitutional issues
Several of the Convention's provisions are prefaced with the words, "Subject to its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system, each Party shall ..." According to Fazey, "This has been used by the USA not to implement part of article 3 of the 1988 Convention." Similarly, if a national prohibition on drug possession violated a nation's constitution, those provisions would not be binding on that country.
Proposed repeal
In 2003, a European Parliament committee recommended repealing the 1988 Convention, finding that:
[D]espite massive deployment of police and other resources to implement the UN Conventions, production and consumption of, and trafficking in, prohibited substances have increased exponentially over the past 30 years, representing what can only be described as a failure, which the police and judicial authorities also recognise as such ... [T]he policy of prohibiting drugs, based on the UN Conventions of 1961, 1971 and 1988, is the true cause of the increasing damage that the production of, trafficking in, and sale and use of illegal substances are inflicting on whole sectors of society, on the economy and on public institutions, eroding the health, freedom and life of individuals.
The road to repeal would be difficult. Individual nations could withdraw from the treaty under the provisions of Article 30. However, as former UN drug official Cindy Fazey notes, the Convention has no termination clause, and therefore would remain in effect even if only one signatory remained. The Transnational Radical Party report noted that denunciation is the only route to changing the control regime established by the treaty:
As regards the 1988 Convention, written with the main objective of strengthening all aspects of prohibition (also at the level of consumption, establishing the reversal of the burden of proof for persons suspected of carrying forbidden substances), it was deemed not amendable, therefore, the only possible way to go about it would be its denunciation by a substantial number of contracting Parties.
List of controlled drug precursors
Source: INCB Red List (14th Edition, January 2015)
The list of 23 substances is identical to list of EU-controlled drug precursors, except for the different categorization and inclusion of stereoisomers in EU Category 1.
Table I
acetic anhydride
N-Acetylanthranilic acid
ephedrine
ergometrine
ergotamine
isosafrole
lysergic acid
3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone
norephedrine
phenylacetic acid
1-phenyl-2-propanone
alpha-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN)
piperonal
potassium permanganate
pseudoephedrine
safrole
The salts of the substances listed in this Table whenever the existence of such salts is possible.
Table II
acetone
anthranilic acid
diethyl ether
hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride)
methyl ethyl ketone
piperidine
sulphuric acid
toluene
The salts of the substances listed in this Table whenever the existence of such salts is possible.
The salts of hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid are specifically excluded from Table II.
See also
List of UN-controlled narcotic drugs
List of UN-controlled psychotropic substances
List of EU-controlled drug precursors
List of US-controlled drug precursors
See also
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961
Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971
References
Citations
Sources
A Primer on the UN Drug Control Conventions Transnational Institute, 2015.
Bewley-Taylor, David R. and Fazey, Cindy S. J.: The Mechanics and Dynamics of the UN System for International Drug Control, March 14, 2003.
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
United Nations treaties
Treaties of Albania
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of Andorra
Treaties of Angola
Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Armenia
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Austria
Treaties of Azerbaijan
Treaties of the Bahamas
Treaties of Bahrain
Treaties of Bangladesh
Treaties of Barbados
Treaties of Belarus
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Belize
Treaties of Benin
Treaties of Bhutan
Treaties of Bolivia
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Botswana
Treaties of Brazil
Treaties of Brunei
Treaties of Bulgaria
Treaties of Burkina Faso
Treaties of Burundi
Treaties of Cambodia
Treaties of Cameroon
Treaties of Canada
Treaties of Cape Verde
Treaties of the Central African Republic
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of the People's Republic of China
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of the Comoros
Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
Treaties of the Cook Islands
Treaties of Costa Rica
Treaties of Ivory Coast
Treaties of Croatia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Cyprus
Treaties of the Czech Republic
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of North Korea
Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of Djibouti
Treaties of Dominica
Treaties of the Dominican Republic
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of Egypt
Treaties of El Salvador
Treaties of Eritrea
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia
Treaties of Fiji
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of France
Treaties of Gabon
Treaties of the Gambia
Treaties of Georgia (country)
Treaties of Germany
Treaties of Ghana
Treaties of Greece
Treaties of Grenada
Treaties of Guatemala
Treaties of Guinea
Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
Treaties of Guyana
Treaties of Haiti
Treaties of Honduras
Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
Treaties of Iceland
Treaties of India
Treaties of Indonesia
Treaties of Iran
Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq
Treaties of Ireland
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Jamaica
Treaties of Japan
Treaties of Jordan
Treaties of Kazakhstan
Treaties of Kenya
Treaties of Kuwait
Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
Treaties of Laos
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of Lebanon
Treaties of Lesotho
Treaties of Liberia
Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Treaties of Liechtenstein
Treaties of Lithuania
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of Madagascar
Treaties of Malawi
Treaties of Malaysia
Treaties of the Maldives
Treaties of Mali
Treaties of Malta
Treaties of the Marshall Islands
Treaties of Mauritania
Treaties of Mauritius
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia
Treaties of Monaco
Treaties of Mongolia
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of Morocco
Treaties of Mozambique
Treaties of Myanmar
Treaties of Namibia
Treaties of Nepal
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Niue
Treaties of Niger
Treaties of Nigeria
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Oman
Treaties of Pakistan
Treaties of the State of Palestine
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Paraguay
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of the Philippines
Treaties of Poland
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of Qatar
Treaties of South Korea
Treaties of Moldova
Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania
Treaties of Russia
Treaties of Rwanda
Treaties of Samoa
Treaties of San Marino
Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
Treaties of Saudi Arabia
Treaties of Senegal
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Seychelles
Treaties of Sierra Leone
Treaties of Singapore
Treaties of Slovakia
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of South Africa
Treaties of Spain
Treaties of Sri Lanka
Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Treaties of Saint Lucia
Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Treaties of South Sudan
Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011)
Treaties of Suriname
Treaties of Eswatini
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Syria
Treaties of Tajikistan
Treaties of Thailand
Treaties of East Timor
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Togo
Treaties of Tonga
Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
Treaties of Tunisia
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of Turkmenistan
Treaties of Uganda
Treaties of Ukraine
Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties of Tanzania
Treaties of the United States
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Uzbekistan
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of Vietnam
Treaties of Yemen
Treaties of Yugoslavia
Treaties of Zambia
Treaties of Zimbabwe
Treaties of the Holy See
Treaties of Chad
Treaties of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
Treaties of Nauru
Treaties of Vanuatu
Treaties entered into by the European Union
1988 in Austria
Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
Treaties extended to Aruba
Treaties extended to Anguilla
Treaties extended to Bermuda
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
Treaties extended to Montserrat
Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to Tokelau
Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
Treaties extended to Gibraltar |
```go
package rsaauth
import (
"github.com/aws/amazon-ssm-agent/agent/appconfig"
"github.com/aws/amazon-ssm-agent/agent/log"
"github.com/aws/amazon-ssm-agent/agent/ssm/authtokenrequest"
"github.com/aws/amazon-ssm-agent/agent/ssm/util"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/ssm"
)
type IRsaClientDeps interface {
NewStaticCredentials(id string, secret string, token string) *credentials.Credentials
NewSession(config *aws.Config) (*session.Session, error)
AwsConfig(log log.T, appConfig appconfig.SsmagentConfig, service string, region string) *aws.Config
NewSsmSdk(p client.ConfigProvider, cfgs ...*aws.Config) *ssm.SSM
NewAuthTokenClient(sdk *ssm.SSM) authtokenrequest.IClient
MakeAddToUserAgentHandler(name string, version string, extra ...string) func(*request.Request)
NewCredentials(provider credentials.Provider) *credentials.Credentials
}
type rsaClientDeps struct{}
var deps IRsaClientDeps = &rsaClientDeps{}
func (r *rsaClientDeps) NewStaticCredentials(id string, secret string, token string) *credentials.Credentials {
return credentials.NewStaticCredentials(id, secret, token)
}
func (r *rsaClientDeps) NewSession(config *aws.Config) (*session.Session, error) {
return session.NewSession(config)
}
func (r *rsaClientDeps) AwsConfig(log log.T, appConfig appconfig.SsmagentConfig, service string, region string) *aws.Config {
return util.AwsConfig(log, appConfig, service, region)
}
func (r *rsaClientDeps) NewSsmSdk(p client.ConfigProvider, cfgs ...*aws.Config) *ssm.SSM {
return ssm.New(p, cfgs...)
}
func (r *rsaClientDeps) NewAuthTokenClient(sdk *ssm.SSM) authtokenrequest.IClient {
return authtokenrequest.NewClient(sdk)
}
func (r *rsaClientDeps) MakeAddToUserAgentHandler(name string, version string, extra ...string) func(*request.Request) {
return request.MakeAddToUserAgentHandler(name, version, extra...)
}
func (r *rsaClientDeps) NewCredentials(provider credentials.Provider) *credentials.Credentials {
return credentials.NewCredentials(provider)
}
``` |
Pyon Rye-yong (born 15 August 2001) is a North Korean artistic gymnast. In 2018, she won the bronze medal in the women's vault event at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia. She also won the silver medal in the women's team event.
References
External links
Living people
2001 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
North Korean female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2018 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games silver medalists for North Korea
Asian Games bronze medalists for North Korea
Asian Games medalists in gymnastics
21st-century North Korean women |
Audio-visual entrainment (AVE), a subset of brainwave entrainment, uses flashes of lights and pulses of tones to guide the brain into various states of brainwave activity. AVE devices are often termed light and sound machines or mind machines. Altering brainwave activity is believed to aid in the treatment of psychological and physiological disorders.
Introduction
All of our senses (except smell) access the brain's cerebral cortex via the thalamus, and because the thalamus is highly innervated with the cortex, sensory stimulation can easily influence cortical activity. In order to affect brain (neuronal) activity, sensory stimulation must be within the frequency range of roughly 0.5 to 25 hertz (Hz) . Touch, photic and auditory stimulation are capable of affecting brain wave activity. A large area of skin must be stimulated to affect brainwaves, which leaves both auditory and photic stimulation as the most effective and easiest means of affecting brain activity. Therefore, mind machines are typically in the form of light and sound devices.
Auditory or visual stimulation (AVS) can take a variety of forms, generating different subjective and clinical effects. The simplest form of stimulation is to present a series of random light flashes and/or sound pulses to a subject, such as from watching TV or cars drive by, and investigate the resulting subjective experiences or electroencephalography (EEG) effects. AVE, however, involves organized, repetitive stimulation at a particular frequency for a specific period of time, and the frequency of stimulation is reflected within the EEG. This is called "open loop" stimulation, or free-running entrainment, and is not contingent on monitoring brainwaves in any way. "Close loop" AVE would involve visual and auditory stimulation in response to one's EEG.
History
Physiology
Effects
AVE effects on the EEG are found primarily over the sensory-motor strip, frontally, and in the parietal lobe (somatosensory) regions and slightly less within the prefrontal cortex.
It is within these areas where motor activation, attention, executive function, and somatosensory (body) awareness is primarily mediated. Auditory entrainment (AE) is the same concept as visual entrainment, with the exception that auditory signals are passed from the cochlea of the ears into the thalamus via the medial geniculate nucleus, whereas visual entrainment passes from the retina into the thalamus via the lateral geniculate nucleus. Eyes-closed AVE at 18.5 Hz has been shown to increase EEG brainwave activity by 49% at the vertex. At the vertex (with the eyes closed) AE has been shown to increase EEG brainwave activity by 21%. Successful entrainment leads to a meditative, peaceful kind of dissociation, where the individual experiences a loss of somatic and cognitive awareness. However, it is possible for visual entrainment to trigger seizures.
Evidence of sensory effects
Huxley and Walter were among the first to articulate the subjective correlates of photic stimulation. They described subjective experiences of incessantly changing patterns, whose color was a function of the rate of flashing. Between ten and fifteen flashes per second, Walter reported orange and red; above fifteen, green and blue; above eighteen, white and grey. Huxley also described enriched and intensified experiences when subjects were under the effects of mescaline or lysergic acid. In his view, the rhythms of the lamp interacted with the rhythms of the brain's electrical activity to produce a complex interference pattern, which is translated by the brain's perceptual circuits into a conscious pattern of color and movement. Glicksohn also reported on altered states of consciousness from photic driving and its relationship of self-perceived creativity.
Research
A review of 20 studies on brainwave entrainment found that it is effective in improving cognition and behavioral problems, and alleviating stress and pain.
The results of a study on children with attention-deficit disorder found that AVE was more effective than neurofeedback for treating ADD symptoms.
A migraine headache study involving seven patients with migraine found that AVE sessions reduced migraine duration from a pretreatment average of six hours to a posttreatment average of 35 minutes. Measuring 50 of the participants' migraines, 49 migraines decreased in severity and 36 were stopped when using AVE.
Another clinical study showed declines in depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation following a treatment program using AVE. A study by Berg and Siever used audio-visual entrainment devices on women with seasonal affective disorder. Both depression and anxiety symptoms were reduced in participants, as compared to a placebo phase. Participants also reported improvements in their social lives, with increased happiness and sociability, decreased appetite, increased energy and weight loss. A study by Cantor and Stevens found significant decreases in depression scores in participants after four weeks of using AVE.
A study by Thomas and Siever showed that many people with chronic temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) brace up when asked to relax. AVE at 10 Hz produced deep masseter muscle relaxation and finger warming within six minutes. Audio entrainment has shown promise as a singular therapeutic modality for treating jaw tension and TMD pain. AVE has been used to reduce jaw pain, patient anxiety and heart rate during dental procedures.
References
Mind–body interventions |
```groovy
package com.dexvis.dex.task.input
import java.util.jar.JarFile
import javafx.collections.FXCollections
import javafx.collections.ObservableList
import javafx.event.ActionEvent
import javafx.geometry.Orientation
import javafx.scene.Node
import javafx.scene.control.Button
import javafx.scene.control.CheckBox
import javafx.scene.control.ListView
import javafx.scene.control.SplitPane
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode
import javafx.stage.FileChooser
import org.apache.bcel.classfile.ConstantClass
import org.apache.bcel.classfile.ConstantUtf8
import org.apache.bcel.classfile.JavaClass
import org.apache.bcel.util.ClassPath
import org.apache.bcel.util.SyntheticRepository
import org.simpleframework.xml.Element
import org.simpleframework.xml.ElementList
import org.simpleframework.xml.Root
import org.tbee.javafx.scene.layout.MigPane
import com.dexvis.dex.exception.DexException
import com.dexvis.dex.wf.DexTask
import com.dexvis.dex.wf.DexTaskState
import com.dexvis.javafx.scene.control.ModalDialog
import com.dexvis.javafx.scene.control.NodeFactory
@Root
class JarInspector extends DexTask {
@Element(name="selfref", required=false)
private CheckBox selfRefCB
@Element(name="undefined", required=false)
private CheckBox undefinedCB
@ElementList(name = "jarData", inline = true, required = false)
private ObservableList<String> jarData = FXCollections
.observableArrayList()
private MigPane configPane = null
private ListView<String> jarListView = new ListView<String>(jarData)
public JarInspector() {
super("Input", "Jar Inspector", "input/JarInspector.html")
getMetaData().setTaskExecutionUpdatesUI(false)
}
public DexTaskState execute(DexTaskState state) throws DexException {
println "Running: $name"
try {
// Create the header
state.dexData.header = ["JAR", "DEFINING_JAR", "DEPENDENCY"]
state.dexData.data = []
// Create the classpath and repository.
ClassPath cp = new ClassPath(jarData.join(System.getProperty("path.separator")))
SyntheticRepository repo = SyntheticRepository.getInstance(cp)
// A map containing: class -> [ jar1, jar2, ...] of jars which contain this class.
def classMap = [:]
// A map containing: dependency -> jarMap where jarMap contains entries like: [ jarClass : jarClass ]
def depMap = [:]
jarData.each
{ jarPath ->
updateMessage("Reading jar: '${jarPath}'");
def jarMatch = ( jarPath =~ /([^\\\/]+)\.jar/)
def jarClass = jarMatch[0][0]
// Open the current jar file.
JarFile jarFile = new JarFile(new File(jarPath))
// Process each jar in the classpath
jarFile?.entries().each
{ classFile ->
// Translate com/some/classfile/class into com.some.classfile.class
def clazz = (classFile =~ /\//).replaceAll(".")
// Process class files only
if (clazz.endsWith(".class"))
{
// Remove .class suffix.
clazz = (clazz =~ /\.class$/).replaceFirst("")
try
{
// Attempt loading the class file through the synthetic repository
JavaClass javaClass = repo.loadClass(clazz)
// Append this class to the list of jars containing this class.
if (classMap.containsKey(clazz))
{
classMap.put(clazz, classMap.get(clazz) << jarClass)
}
// Else store this jar as containing this class.
else
{
classMap.put(clazz, [jarClass])
}
// Read the constants pool for this class:
javaClass?.getConstantPool()?.getConstantPool().each
{ c ->
// Process constant classes only.
if (c instanceof ConstantClass)
{
ConstantClass cc = (ConstantClass) c
// Get the name index.
ConstantUtf8 nameIndex = (ConstantUtf8) javaClass.getConstantPool().getConstant(cc.getNameIndex())
// Capture the name and translate from "/" delimited to "." delimited.
def m = (nameIndex.toString() =~ /\"(.*)\"/)
String dep = (m[0][1] =~ /\//).replaceAll(".")
// If this dependency has already been defined, get the map and store this entry into it.
if (depMap.containsKey(dep))
{
def jarMap = depMap.get(dep)
if (!jarMap.containsKey(jarClass))
{
jarMap.put(jarClass, jarClass)
}
}
else
{
def jarMap = [jarClass : jarClass ]
depMap.put(dep, jarMap)
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//ex.printStackTrace()
}
}
}
}
// Iterate over dependencies
depMap.each
{ // key = class, value = A map of jars
depItem ->
depItem.value?.each
{ // key = jar, value = jar
jarItem ->
def depJar = jarItem.value.toString()
//println "${depJar} calls ${depItem.key}"
if (classMap.containsKey(depItem.key))
{
//println "DEFINED IN: ${classMap.get(depItem.key)}"
classMap.get(depItem.key).each
{ classDef ->
//println "IS $depJar DEFINED IN: $classDef"
if (selfRefCB.isSelected() || depJar != classDef)
{
state.dexData.data << [depJar, classDef, depItem.key.toString()]
}
}
}
else
{
if (undefinedCB.isSelected())
{
state.dexData.data << [depJar, "UNDEFINED", depItem.key.toString()]
}}
}
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()
ex.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw))
ModalDialog dialog = new ModalDialog(stage, "Error", sw.toString(), "Ok")
ex.printStackTrace()
}
return state
}
public Node getConfig()
{
if (configPane == null)
{
jarListView = new ListView<String>(jarData)
jarListView.setItems(jarData)
configPane = new MigPane("", "[grow]", "[grow]")
configPane.setStyle("-fx-background-color: white;")
MigPane jarConfigPane = new MigPane("", "[][grow]", "[][][][][]")
Button browseButton = new Button("Browse")
selfRefCB = new CheckBox("Include Self References:")
selfRefCB.setSelected(false)
undefinedCB = new CheckBox("Include Undefined:")
undefinedCB.setSelected(false)
jarConfigPane.add(NodeFactory.createTitle("JAR Inspector Configuration"), "grow,span")
jarConfigPane.add(selfRefCB, "span")
jarConfigPane.add(undefinedCB, "span")
jarConfigPane.add(browseButton, "span")
SplitPane hSplitPane = new SplitPane()
hSplitPane.setOrientation(Orientation.HORIZONTAL)
hSplitPane.getItems().addAll(jarConfigPane, jarListView)
hSplitPane.setDividerPositions(0.20)
configPane.add(hSplitPane, "span, grow")
browseButton.setOnAction({ action -> open(action)})
jarListView.setOnKeyPressed({ evt ->
if (evt.getCode().equals(KeyCode.DELETE)) {
//System.out.println("DELETING...")
int removeIndex = jarListView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedIndex();
if (removeIndex >= 0)
{
jarData.remove(removeIndex)
}
}
else {
System.out.println("Ignoring keypress")
}
})
}
return configPane
}
public void open(ActionEvent evt)
{
try
{
FileChooser fc = new FileChooser()
fc.setTitle("Load Jars")
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir")
File startDir = new File(new File("lib").getCanonicalPath())
fc.setInitialDirectory(startDir)
List<File> loadFiles = fc.showOpenMultipleDialog(null)
for (File file : loadFiles)
{
String filePath = file.getAbsolutePath()
if (userDir != null && userDir.length() > 0 && filePath.startsWith(userDir)) {
// Including the file separator.
filePath = filePath.substring(userDir.length() + File.separator.length());
}
jarData.add(filePath)
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace()
}
}
}
``` |
Nilgün is a Turkish feminine given name derived from the Persian word nilgun (نیلگون) meaning "indigo", "navy blue", "dark blue", "ultramarine". Nilgün may refer to:
Nilgün Belgün (born 1953), Turkish actress; see Wish Me Luck (film)
Nilgün Çelebi (born 1950), Turkish sociologist
Nilgün Marmara (1958–1987), Turkish poet
Sevdiye Nilgün Acar (born 1958), Turkish artist
See also
Nilay, a given name
Nilüfer (disambiguation)
Turkish feminine given names
Feminine given names |
```c
/* $OpenBSD: splay-test.c,v 1.4 2008/04/13 00:22:17 djm Exp $ */
/*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/tree.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node {
SPLAY_ENTRY(node) node;
int key;
};
SPLAY_HEAD(tree, node) root;
static int
compare(struct node *a, struct node *b)
{
if (a->key < b->key) return (-1);
else if (a->key > b->key) return (1);
return (0);
}
SPLAY_PROTOTYPE(tree, node, node, compare);
SPLAY_GENERATE(tree, node, node, compare);
#define ITER 150
#define MIN 5
#define MAX 5000
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct node *tmp, *ins;
int i, max, min;
SPLAY_INIT(&root);
for (i = 0; i < ITER; i++) {
tmp = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if (tmp == NULL) err(1, "malloc");
do {
tmp->key = arc4random_uniform(MAX-MIN);
tmp->key += MIN;
} while (SPLAY_FIND(tree, &root, tmp) != NULL);
if (i == 0)
max = min = tmp->key;
else {
if (tmp->key > max)
max = tmp->key;
if (tmp->key < min)
min = tmp->key;
}
if (SPLAY_INSERT(tree, &root, tmp) != NULL)
errx(1, "SPLAY_INSERT failed");
}
ins = SPLAY_MIN(tree, &root);
if (ins->key != min)
errx(1, "min does not match");
tmp = ins;
ins = SPLAY_MAX(tree, &root);
if (ins->key != max)
errx(1, "max does not match");
if (SPLAY_REMOVE(tree, &root, tmp) != tmp)
errx(1, "SPLAY_REMOVE failed");
for (i = 0; i < ITER - 1; i++) {
tmp = SPLAY_ROOT(&root);
if (tmp == NULL)
errx(1, "SPLAY_ROOT error");
if (SPLAY_REMOVE(tree, &root, tmp) != tmp)
errx(1, "SPLAY_REMOVE error");
free(tmp);
}
exit(0);
}
``` |
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3R5 gene.
Interactions
PIK3R5 has been shown to interact with PIK3CG.
References
Further reading |
"Where'd You Learn How to Do That" is a song recorded by Canadian country artist Dean Brody. The song was written by Jenna Walker and Stuart Walker of the Reklaws, along with Blake Redferrin and Tawgs Salter. It was the first single released ahead of Brody's eight studio album Right Round Here.
Background
Brody released "Where'd You Learn How to Do That" ahead of a slate of summer 2022 tour dates, remarking that it had "been a while" since he had a song "that brings a party like this one does".
Brody's fellow country artists and friends Stuart and Jenna Walker of the sibling duo the Reklaws co-wrote the track with Thomas "Tawgs" Salter and Blake Redferrin. Stuart Walker remarked that when they originally finished the song, Redferrin sang it with his usual "Southern drawl", which led Walker to realize that Brody would have a more suitable voice for the song. Knowing that Brody was looking for new songs, they passed it along through their manager.
Critical reception
Nanci Dagg of Canadian Beats Media referred to the song as "a fun, upbeat track showing off [Brody's] country roots".
Accolades
Charts
References
2022 songs
2022 singles
Dean Brody songs
Starseed Records singles
Songs written by Jenna Walker
Songs written by Stuart Walker (singer)
Songs written by Blake Redferrin
Song recordings produced by Todd Clark
Songs written by Tawgs Salter |
Abbey Henry Simon (January 8, 1920 – December 18, 2019) was an American concert pianist, teacher, and recording artist. He was a protégé of Josef Hofmann at the Curtis Institute of Music and a winner of the Naumburg International Piano Competition in 1940. He was called a "supervirtuoso" by The New York Times.
Education
Simon began lessons with David Saperton at the age of five. At the age of eight, Simon was accepted by Josef Hofmann as a scholarship student at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where his classmates included Jorge Bolet and Sidney Foster. Simon also took lessons from Leopold Godowsky, Dora Zaslavsky, and Harold Bauer. Shortly after graduation, he debuted at the Town Hall and Carnegie Hall in New York City. He won the Naumburg International Piano Competition in 1940.
Career
Simon performed to critical acclaim. The critic Harold C. Schonberg of the New York Times once hailed Simon as a "supervirtuoso". Boston Globe critic Richard Dyer wrote, "Simon's recital offered more than a glimpse into the fabled golden age of piano playing...His virtuosity is marked not only by speed, power, lightness and accuracy but also by intricate interplay of voices and lambent colors."
Simon toured in Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific. He appeared with the New York Philharmonic, Boston Symphony, Chicago Symphony, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Houston Symphony, and the Trenton Symphony Orchestra, among many others.
Simon gave master classes at the Royal Academy of Music in London, Royal Conservatory of The Hague, and the Geneva Conservatory. From 1960 to 1974, he was a faculty member at Indiana University, where he taught alongside his Curtis classmates Bolet and Foster. He also served on the faculties of the Manhattan School of Music, Hunter College, the Moores School of Music in Houston, and the Juilliard School of Music in New York City. His students include pianists Josef Verba, Eliza Garth, Frederic Chiu, Karen Shaw, John Kamitsuka, Erika Nickrenz, Richard Dowling, Elyane Laussade, Adrienne Park, Roger Wright, Garnet Ungar, Hsia-Jung Chang, Shelly Berg, Andrew Cooperstock, Daniel Glover, David Korevaar, Nancy Weems, David Westfall, Terence Yung and Martha Argerich.
In addition to performing, teaching, and recording as a musical artist, Abbey Simon served as a jury member of the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, the Geneva International Music Competition, the Leeds International Piano Competition, the Clara Haskil International Piano Competition, the Sydney International Piano Competition, and the South Africa International Piano Competition.
Simon lived in Geneva, Switzerland. He maintained a home in Houston, Texas, where he was, from 1977 until his retirement in April 2019, Cullen Distinguished Professor of Music in the Moores School of Music at the University of Houston.
Simon died in Geneva on December 18, 2019, a few weeks shy of his 100th birthday.
Awards and honors
Walter Naumburg Prize, (1940)
National Orchestral Award
Federation of Music Prize
Harriet Cohen Medal
Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Medal
Ford Foundation Award
Distinguished Teacher Award at the Moores School of Music
Discography
Abbey Simon recorded extensively on the VOX, Philips, and HMV labels. His discography includes the complete works of Frédéric Chopin and Maurice Ravel, major works of Johannes Brahms and Robert Schumann, and all of the piano concerti of Sergei Rachmaninoff with Leonard Slatkin and the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra.
Albeniz-Godowsky:
Triana from "Iberia" (DANACORD DACOCD 379)
Beethoven:
Quintet for piano and winds (VOX-Turnabout TVC 37004)
Brahms:
Concerto No. 1 in D-minor (Prize Winning Recording of a live performance, Buenos-Aires, dir. Juan-Jose Castro)
Variations on a theme by Paganini, Op. 35 (VOX VU 9004)
Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24 & Variations on a theme by Paganini (PHILIPS A 00195 L)
Three pieces for piano solo (HMV)
F minor Sonata, Op. 5 (HMV)
Intermezzi, Capriccios, Fantasies and Rhapsodies (PHILIPS)
Chopin:
The Four Scherzi (VOX VU 9030)
The Four Ballades, Impromptus, and Berceuse (VOX VU 9031)
The Sonatas and Barcarolle (VOX VU 9032)
Etudes, Op.10 & 25 (VOX VU 9033)
The Complete Waltzes, Fantasie & Variations Brillantes (VOX VU 9034)
Nocturnes (complete) (VOX CDX 5146)
Preludes (VOX)
The Piano Concertos (HMV, EMI D 13175Z) (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, dir. Sir Eugene Goossens)
The Complete Orchestral Works (VOX 5002) (Hamburg Symphony Orchestra, dir. Heribert Beissel)
Dohnanyi:
Variations on a Nursery Song (UNESCO classics DCL707202)
Franck:
Prélude, Chorale and Fugue (HMV)
Grieg:
Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 16 (Philips)
Liszt:
Six Grandes Etudes de Paganini (VOX VU 9004)
Etude in D-flat major (Un Sospiro) (HMV)
Mendelssohn:
17 Variations Sérieuses (VOX TVS 34460)
Rachmaninoff:
The Complete Works for Piano & Orchestra (VOX CDX 5008) (St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, dir. Leonard Slatkin)
Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No 3 in D minor, Op. 30 (To be released) (Japan Philharm. Orchestra, dir. Akeo Watanabe)
Ravel:
Piano Concerto in G (VOX CDX 5031)
Piano Concerto in D for the Left Hand (VOX CDX 5032) (Orchestre de Radio-Luxembourg, Dir. Louis de Froment)
Complete Works for Piano Solo (VOX CDX 5012)
Saint-Saëns:
Le Carnaval des Animaux (EMI Classics DCL 707202) (With Hephzibah Menuhin and the Philharmonia Orchestra, dir. Efrem Kurz)
Schumann:
Variations on the name ABEGG, Kreisleriana, Arabesque, Kinderscenen (DANTE PSG 9649)
Carnaval, Op. 9 & Fantasy in C, Op. 17 (VOX ACD 8192)
Transcriptions:
by Liszt, Rachmaninoff, Godowsky, Chasins (VOX 8204)
References
External links
Official website
Moores School of Music Faculty Profile: Abbey Simon
Yamaha Artists: Abbey Simon
A Chat with Piano Legend Abbey Simon by Mike Emery, The Houston Chronicle, January 31, 2014
Interview with Abbey Simon by Bruce Duffie, February 19, 1988
Abbey Simon dedicated photo 1965, from first of two acclaimed tours of Southern Africa.Celebrated musicians' concert tours of Southern Africa 1953 -1978: 1965 on - Abbey Simon, American Pianist.
Curtis Institute of Music alumni
American classical pianists
Texas classical music
1920 births
2019 deaths
Musicians from New York City
University of Houston faculty
Jewish classical pianists
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American pianists
American male pianists
21st-century classical pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American Jews |
The first season of the television series Live PD began airing October 28, 2016, on A&E in the United States. The season concluded on August 19, 2017 and contained 62 episodes including one cancelled episode.
Departments
Departments debuting in season one
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Bridgeport (CT) Police Department
Richland County (SC) Sheriff's Office
Tulsa (OK) Police Department
Utah Highway Patrol/Utah State Bureau of Investigation
Walton County (FL) Sheriff's Office
Warren County (KY) Sheriff's Office
Mission (TX) Police Department
Midland County (TX) Sheriff's Office
Edmonson County (KY) Sheriff's Office
Calvert County (MD) Sheriff's Office
Logan County (KY) Sheriff's Department
St. Tammany Parish (LA) Sheriff's Office
Clark County (IN) Sheriff's Office
Santa Rosa County (FL) Sheriff's Office
Greenville County (SC) Sheriff's Office
Jeffersonville (IN) Police Department
Wakulla County (FL) Sheriff's Office
Spokane County (WA) Sheriff's Office
Lake County (IL) Sheriff's Office
italics indicates a department returned for season two
Episodes
References
Live PD
2016 American television seasons
2017 American television seasons |
SS John Mitchell was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after John Mitchell, an American labor leader and president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1898 to 1908.
Construction
John Mitchell was laid down on 28 July 1942, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCE hull 311, by the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland; she was sponsored by Mrs. John Green, the wife of the president of IUMSWA), and was launched on 7 September 1942.
History
She was allocated to States Marine Corp., on 19 September 1942. On 11 June 1948, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Beaumont, Texas. On 15 February 1967, she was sold for scrapping to Southern Scrap Material Co., for $45,000. She was removed from the fleet on 18 May 1967.
References
Bibliography
Liberty ships
Ships built in Baltimore
1942 ships
Beaumont Reserve Fleet |
Peter Hagner (October 1, 1772 – July 16, 1850) was a clerk in the accounting office of the United States War Department, 1793–1817, and Third Auditor of the United States Department of the Treasury from 1817–1849; he served during the administrations of every president from George Washington to Zachary Taylor and was known as the "watchdog of the Treasury."
Career
Hagner was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 1, 1772.
In 1793, Hagner was appointed a clerk in the United States Department of War by President George Washington and appointed an assistant accountant in 1797, and Third Auditor of the United States Treasury by James Monroe when that office was created in 1817. He served under every administration for fifty-six consecutive years, resigning his office in 1849.
Twice by direct votes the U. S. Congress expressed its appreciation of his services in the settlement of large and important claims. This office became at one time so prominent, from the calls made upon its chief by Congress, before the institution of the court of claims, that John Randolph of Roanoke, pausing in debate for a phrase to express his sense of the influence of Nicholas I of Russia in the affairs of Europe, styled him "the great third auditor of nations." Hagner was succeeded by John S. Gallaher.
Personal life
Hagner was married to Frances Randall (1787–1863), a daughter of John Randall, a Revolutionary War veteran who was Collector of the Port of Annapolis and was thrice elected Mayor of Annapolis. Among her many siblings were brothers Alexander Randall, a U.S. Representative and Attorney General of Maryland, and Dr. Richard Randall, the colonial agent of the American Colonization Society in Liberia. Among their eleven children were:
Eliza Ann Hagner (1807–1870), who married Joseph Hopper Nicholson, son of U.S. Representative Joseph Hopper Nicholson.
Charles Nicholas Hagner (1809–1849), a Lieut. of the Corps of Topographical Engineers who died at Port Lavaca, Texas.
John Randall Hagner (1811–1856), of the Army Paymasters' Corp who married Louisa Smith and died at Fort Brown, Texas.
Frances Randall Hagner (1813–1902), who died unmarried.
Peter Valentine Hagner (1815–1893), who was an officer of ordnance who served for over 40 years in the United States Army and was brevetted Brigadier General. He married Susan Scott Peyton in 1853.
Thomas Holmes Hagner (1817–1848), a lawyer, member of the Florida Legislature, and U.S. Minister to the Court of St. James who married Katherine Gamble.
Mary Margaret Hagner (1818–1911), who married the Rev. Dr. Cleland Kinloch Nelson, the first Bishop of Atlanta and a cousin of Thomas Nelson Page.
Richard Henry Hagner (1823–1904), a well-known lawyer of Calvert County who married Annie Mary Hungerford.
Alexander Burton Hagner (1826–1915), an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia who married Louisa Harrison, a daughter of Randolph Harrison of Elk Hill in 1853. He had a law practice with his uncle, Alexander Randall.
Daniel Randall Hagner (1829–1893), a Washington physician.
Hagner died in Washington, D.C., on July 16, 1850.
Descendants
Through his daughter Eliza, he was a grandfather of Mary Hagner Nicholson (1837–1865), the wife of James Buchanan Henry, a lawyer who was the nephew and ward of James Buchanan, for whom he served as Secretary to the President of the United States.
Through his son Daniel, he was a grandfather of Belle Hagner (1875–1943), who was the first White House Social Secretary, serving in the administrations of President Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.
References
External links
Peter Hagner Papers, 1730-1940 the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
1772 births
1850 deaths
United States Department of the Treasury officials |
Stephen O'Reilly -- aka Steve O'reilly-- is an American singer songwriter. His debut album "Sky Boxer" was released at the end of 2022 and has received rave reviews. Steve has also composed music for television including music for NBC's Olympic Games, ESPN, Good Morning America, Discovery's Cash Cab and First 48. He was the lead vocalist and primary songwriter for the band Tammany Hall NYC.
He has appeared as an actor in the films My Little Eye (2002), and The Prince and Me (2004).
His music has appeared in the films Eat This New York (2003), Into the Fire (2005), and the television series Sex and the City, Scrubs, It Takes a Thief, and Into Character, as well as various HBO advertisements.
References
External links
American male film actors
American male film score composers
Living people
Musicians from Boston
American film score composers
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American composers
21st-century American male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Siona (otherwise known as Bain Coca, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Ganteyabain, Ganteya, Ceona, Zeona, Koka, Kanú) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Ecuador. The language is essentially the same as Secoya, but speakers are ethnically distinct.
As of 2013, Siona is spoken by about 550 people.
Teteté dialect (Eteteguaje) is extinct.
Phonology
Vowels
There are 6 oral vowels and six nasal vowels. Only nasal vowels occur next to a nasal consonant or .
Consonants
There are two series of obstruent consonant. Both often produce a noticeable delay before the onset of the following vowel: the 'fortis' series (written p t č k kw s h hw) tends to be aspirated, with a noisy transition to the vowel, while the 'lenis' series (written b d g gw ’ z), optionally voiced, is glottalized, with a silent transition to the vowel, which in turn tends to be laryngealized. The glottal stop is faint, and noticeable primarily in the laryngealizing effect it has on adjacent vowels.
is realized as between vowels. is realized as next to nasal vowels.
Stress
Stress is obligatory on all verb stems, root words, and some suffixes. It disappears when the syllable is not the nucleus of a phonological word. Some monosyllabic morphemes have both stressed and unstressed forms. Although the position of stress within a word is not contrastive, vocalic and consonantal allophony depends on whether a syllable is stressed. Initial stressed vowels followed by unstressed vowels are long and have a falling tone.
References
External links
Wheeler, Alva. 1970. Grammar of the Siona language, Colombia, South America. Ph.D. thesis. University of California. 192 p.
Siona (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
Tucanoan languages
Indigenous languages of Western Amazonia
Languages of Colombia
Languages of Ecuador |
```xml
import * as path from 'path';
import { fusebox, pluginLess, pluginSass, sparky } from '../../src';
class Context {
isProduction;
runServer;
getConfig() {
return fusebox({
entry: 'src/index.tsx',
target: 'browser',
webIndex: {
embedIndexedBundles: true,
template: 'src/index.html',
},
stylesheet: {
autoImport: [{ file: 'src/resources/resources.scss' }],
paths: [path.join(__dirname, 'src/config')],
},
cache: true,
plugins: [pluginSass('mod.scss', { asModule: {} })],
hmr: true,
watcher: true,
devServer: true,
});
}
}
const { exec, rm, task } = sparky<Context>(Context);
task('default', async ctx => {
rm('./dist');
ctx.runServer = true;
const fuse = ctx.getConfig();
await fuse.runDev({ uglify: true, bundles: { app: 'app.js' } });
});
task('preview', async ctx => {
ctx.runServer = true;
ctx.isProduction = true;
const fuse = ctx.getConfig();
await fuse.runProd({ uglify: false, bundles: { app: 'app.js' } });
});
task('dist', async ctx => {
ctx.runServer = false;
ctx.isProduction = true;
const fuse = ctx.getConfig();
await fuse.runProd({ uglify: false });
});
``` |
The 1988 Brantford municipal election was held on November 14, 1988, to elect a mayor, councillors, and school trustees in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Elections were also held in the rural and small-town communities around the city.
Results
Kevin Davis has a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree from the University of Calgary and a Bachelor of Laws degree from Queen's University. He is a lawyer in Brantford and has chaired both the Brantford Regional Chamber of Commerce and the city's economic development board. Davis was first elected to Brantford City Council in 1985 and was returned without opposition in 1988; he did not seek re-election in 1991. He has also served on the board of Brantford's Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario association. Many expected that he would run for the party in the 2007 provincial election, but he declined.
References
Brantford municipal election
1988
Brantford municipal election |
Rusio is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.
Geography
Climate
Rusio has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). The average annual temperature in Rusio is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Rusio was on 4 August 2017; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 27 February 2018.
Population
See also
Communes of the Haute-Corse department
References
Communes of Haute-Corse |
The 1963–64 season was Stoke City's 57th season in the Football League and the 33rd in the First Division.
With the club now on a high after gaining promotion back to England's top tier, Tony Waddington wasted no time in bringing in new signings to make sure relegation was avoided. He broke the transfer record and despite some concern during the season Stoke stayed up comfortably in 17th position. Stoke enjoyed success in the League Cup reaching the final against Leicester City before losing 4–3 over two legs.
Season review
League
With the euphoria of winning promotion over, Waddington knew that his side had to be strengthened to have any hope of surviving in the First Division. The first big name signing he made was that of Peter Dobing for a club record fee of £37,500 from Manchester City and £6,000 for Bobby Irvine a young goalkeeper from Linfield. Also signed by Stoke this season was John Ritchie a centre forward signed from non-league Kettering Town for a small fee of £2,500. Ritchie scored 30 goals in his first season and went on to become Stoke's best ever goalscorer.
Stoke made a dream start to the 1963–64 season beating Tottenham Hotspur 2–1 at home on the opening match of the season, Jimmy McIlroy scoring both goals, and then accounting for Aston Villa 3–1 two days later. There followed though, a run of 10 matches without a win and Stoke found themselves at the wrong end of the table. Waddington was not happy with his defence and went out and bought Calvin Palmer from Nottingham Forest for £30,000 and George Kinnell from Aberdeen for £27,000 and another 'keeper Lawrie Leslie from West Ham United. On the other hand, he released Don Ratcliffe, and Ron Wilson. John Ritchie was introduced into the first team by October and he made an instant impression as he started scoring the first few of his 171 for the club. With Ritchie in full flow, things improved and in nine matches from early October to mid November, Stoke remained unbeaten. However around Christmas time the team again went through a bad spell losing eight times including some heavy defeats.
Stoke recovered well in the second half of the season and began to pull themselves away from the danger zone. A huge 9–1 win over Ipswich Town in March gave the team the confidence they needed and five wins in their last nine fixtures lifted Stoke to a final position of 17th, 10 points above relegated Bolton Wanderers.
FA Cup
Stoke beat Portsmouth 4–1 in the third round and then edged past Ipswich in a replay before losing in a replay to Swansea.
League Cup
Away from the league Stoke had a great run in this seasons League Cup having made an unspectacular start to the competition which started in 1960. In 1963–64 they made it through to the final where they met Leicester City. Stoke's run had seen them knock-out Scunthorpe United after three matches, Bolton Wanderers, Bournemouth, Rotherham United and then Manchester City in the semi-final. The final itself was played over two legs, Stoke drawing 1–1 at the Victoria Ground in the first clash. This proved to be insufficient as Leicester won the return leg at Filbert Street 3–2 giving them a 4–3 aggregate win and with it the League Cup.
Final league table
Results
Stoke's score comes first
Legend
Football League First Division
FA Cup
League Cup
Friendlies
Squad statistics
References
Stoke City F.C. seasons
Stoke |
A kontra (, 'three-stringed viola') is a Hungarian, Czech, Polish,
Romanian, Slovak and Romani instrument common in Transylvania.
Construction
The kontra can be constructed new, but is most often classical viola which has undergone several organological changes, for example, thinning ("regraduating") the top, back, and sides to increase the amplitude, and flattening the bridge, which allows the player to sound all three strings at once in order to produce chords. In addition, unlike the viola, they are only strung with three strings.
Tuning
The kontra is tuned like a viola, though lacking its low C string: G3-D4-A4. Frequently, the A string is replaced with a second G string tuned to A3, a major second above the g, in a form of re-entrant tuning.
Technique
Due to the flattened bridge, the standard method of play is to play double stops and three-note chords and let the fiddle play melody lines.
Ensemble playing
The kontra has a defined role within dance band music. Its range lies between that of the fiddle or Vioara cu goarnă on the high-end and the double bass on the low-end. Many Hungarian and Romanian bands also feature the cimbalom or citera, clarinet, accordion, and Ütőgardon or cello.
See also
Music of Hungary
Music of Romania
Music of Slovakia
Vioara cu goarnă
References
String instruments
Romanian musical instruments |
Müncheberg (Mark) station is a railway station in the municipality of Müncheberg in the Märkisch-Oderland district of Brandenburg, Germany. It is served by the line .
References
Railway stations in Brandenburg
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1867
1867 establishments in Prussia
Buildings and structures in Märkisch-Oderland |
John William Evans may refer to:
Sir John Evans (Australian politician) (1855–1943), Premier of Tasmania, 1904–1909
John William Evans (geologist) (1857–1930), British geologist
John William Evans (Welsh politician) (1870–1906), Liberal local politician in South Wales
Jack Evans (rugby union, born 1875) (1875–1947), Wales international rugby player
John William Evans (entomologist) (1906–1990), British entomologist
See also
John Evans (disambiguation) |
```css
`currentColor` improves code reusability
`calc()` for simpler maths
Determine the opacity of background-colors using the RGBA declaration
Disable resizable property of `textarea`
Multiple borders with pseudo elements
``` |
Copenhagen International Film Festival (CIFF) was a film festival held annually in Copenhagen, Denmark from 2003 to 2008. The main prize, the Golden Swan, was awarded for Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Script and Best Cinematography.
In 2009, CIFF merged with the NatFilm Festival to become the CPH:PIX film festival.
Regular award winners
Other awards
2003
Special Grand Prize of the Jury
Rithy Panh (S21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine)
The Special Jury Award
Sylvain Chomet (The Triplets of Belleville (Les Triplettes de Belleville))
2004
Grand Jury Special Prize
Nina Choubina and Anna Ovsiannikova (The Granny)
Special Lifetime Achievement Award
Abbas Kiarostami
The Hans Morten prize (70.000 Euro)
Mette Heeno
2005
Grand Prix du Jury
The Death of Mr. Lăzărescu (Cristi Puiu)
Honorary Award
Nils Malmros
Emir Kusturica
References
External links
http://www.copenhagenfilmfestival.com/
Film festivals in Denmark
Festivals in Copenhagen |
Birdseed is an album by jazz saxophonist Lou Donaldson, his second recording for the Milestone label, featuring Donaldson with David Braham, Peter Bernstein, Fukushi Tainaka, and Ralph Dorsey.
The album was awarded 4 stars in an Allmusic review by Alex Henderson who states "Birdseed falls short of essential but is inspired and swinging".
Track listing
All compositions by Lou Donaldson except as indicated
"Cherry" (Don Redman) - 4:33
"Walkin' Again" - 6:56
"Pennies from Heaven" (Johnny Burke, Arthur Johnston) - 6:29
"Red Top" (Lionel Hampton, Ben Kynard) - 8:12
"Blue Bossa" (Kenny Dorham) - 5:45
"Back Door Blues" (Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson) - 4:59
"Dorothy" (Rudy Nichols) - 5:22
"Birdseed" - 6:44
Recorded in New York City on April 28 & 29, 1992.
Personnel
Lou Donaldson - alto saxophone
David Braham - organ
Peter Bernstein - guitar
Fukushi Tainaka - drums
Ralph Dorsey - congas
References
Lou Donaldson albums
1992 albums
Milestone Records albums |
Dinamo Kazan () is a Russian professional women's volleyball club based in Kazan. The club was founded in 2002 and plays in the super league, the top Russian league.
Previous names
Kazanochka (2002–2008)
Dinamo Kazan (2008–2019)
Dinamo-Ak Bars (2020–
History
The club was founded in September 2002 as Kazanochka and made quick progress in the lower leagues, arriving at the Super league in the 2005–06 season. On its second season at the Super league, the club reached the top four and earned a spot at the 2007–08 CEV Women's Challenge Cup.
The 2007–08 season was difficult for the club, who lost its main sponsor just before the start of the season. Faced with an uncertain future, the club just managed to fulfil its season competitions commitments with poor results, being relegated from the Super league and failing to qualify in the top 8 of the CEV Challenge Cup. With the club at the point of being dissolved, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tatarstan directly intervened and took over the club. As a result, the club's name was changed to Dinamo Kazan.
Dinamo Kazan returned to the Super league in 2009–10 and signed players which improved the quality of the team, among them Jordan Larson, Ekaterina Gamova, Maria Borisenko, Tatiana Kosheleva, Ekaterina Kabeshova and Vera Ulyakina. These players (apart from Jordan Larson, who is American) formed the core of the Russian national team in 2010. Success and results came soon in the following seasons, the club won the 2010 Russian Cup, its first title, and would go on to win the Super league for five consecutive seasons (from 2010–11 until 2014–15). It won a second Russian Cup in 2012 and the 2013–14 CEV Champions League held in Baku, Azerbaijan, defeating the home team Rabita Baku in the semifinals by 3–0 and the Turkish side VakıfBank İstanbul also by 3–0 in the final. The title qualified the club for the 2014 FIVB Club World Championship played in Switzerland, where the club would beat Brazilian sides SESI-SP by 3–1 in the semifinals and Molico Osasco by 3–0 in the final to claim the title.
In December 2016, the club won its third Russian Cup after beating Dinamo Moscow by 3–1 in the final. Kazan won its third straight title in 2017, beating VC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk 3–0 in the decisive game.
Honours
National competitions
Russian Super League: 6
2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15 , 2019–20
Russian Cup: 7
2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021
Russian Super Cup: 2
2020, 2022
International competitions
FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship: 1
2014
CEV Champions League: 1
2013–14
CEV Cup: 1
2016–17
Team Roster
Season 2020–2021
Notable players
Marina Babeshina
Maria Borodakova
Lesya Evdokimova
Ekaterina Gamova
Olga Khrzhanovskaya
Tatiana Kosheleva
Lesya Makhno
Yevgeniya Startseva
Ekaterina Ulanova
Vera Ulyakina
Regina Moroz
Irina Zaryazhko
Anna Malova
Arina Fedorovtseva
Elitsa Vasileva
Natalya Mammadova
Antonella Del Core
Megumi Kurihara
Onuma Sittirak
Heather Bown
Tayyiba Haneef-Park
Jordan Larson
Bethania de la Cruz
Samanta Fabris
Samantha Bricio
References
External links
Official site (Russian)
Dynamo Kazan
Volleyball clubs established in 2002
2002 establishments in Russia
Sports clubs and teams in Kazan |
```c
/*
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#include "frame_thread_encoder.h"
#include "libavutil/fifo.h"
#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavutil/thread.h"
#include "avcodec.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "thread.h"
#define MAX_THREADS 64
#define BUFFER_SIZE (2*MAX_THREADS)
typedef struct{
void *indata;
void *outdata;
int64_t return_code;
unsigned index;
} Task;
typedef struct{
AVCodecContext *parent_avctx;
pthread_mutex_t buffer_mutex;
AVFifoBuffer *task_fifo;
pthread_mutex_t task_fifo_mutex;
pthread_cond_t task_fifo_cond;
Task finished_tasks[BUFFER_SIZE];
pthread_mutex_t finished_task_mutex;
pthread_cond_t finished_task_cond;
unsigned task_index;
unsigned finished_task_index;
pthread_t worker[MAX_THREADS];
int exit;
} ThreadContext;
static void * attribute_align_arg worker(void *v){
AVCodecContext *avctx = v;
ThreadContext *c = avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder;
AVPacket *pkt = NULL;
while(!c->exit){
int got_packet, ret;
AVFrame *frame;
Task task;
if(!pkt) pkt= av_mallocz(sizeof(*pkt));
if(!pkt) continue;
av_init_packet(pkt);
pthread_mutex_lock(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
while (av_fifo_size(c->task_fifo) <= 0 || c->exit) {
if(c->exit){
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
goto end;
}
pthread_cond_wait(&c->task_fifo_cond, &c->task_fifo_mutex);
}
av_fifo_generic_read(c->task_fifo, &task, sizeof(task), NULL);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
frame = task.indata;
ret = avcodec_encode_video2(avctx, pkt, frame, &got_packet);
pthread_mutex_lock(&c->buffer_mutex);
av_frame_unref(frame);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->buffer_mutex);
av_frame_free(&frame);
if(got_packet) {
av_dup_packet(pkt);
} else {
pkt->data = NULL;
pkt->size = 0;
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&c->finished_task_mutex);
c->finished_tasks[task.index].outdata = pkt; pkt = NULL;
c->finished_tasks[task.index].return_code = ret;
pthread_cond_signal(&c->finished_task_cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->finished_task_mutex);
}
end:
av_free(pkt);
pthread_mutex_lock(&c->buffer_mutex);
avcodec_close(avctx);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->buffer_mutex);
av_freep(&avctx);
return NULL;
}
int ff_frame_thread_encoder_init(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVDictionary *options){
int i=0;
ThreadContext *c;
if( !(avctx->thread_type & FF_THREAD_FRAME)
|| !(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_INTRA_ONLY))
return 0;
if( !avctx->thread_count
&& avctx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG
&& !(avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_QSCALE)) {
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
"Forcing thread count to 1 for MJPEG encoding, use -thread_type slice "
"or a constant quantizer if you want to use multiple cpu cores\n");
avctx->thread_count = 1;
}
if( avctx->thread_count > 1
&& avctx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG
&& !(avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_QSCALE))
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING,
"MJPEG CBR encoding works badly with frame multi-threading, consider "
"using -threads 1, -thread_type slice or a constant quantizer.\n");
if (avctx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HUFFYUV ||
avctx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_FFVHUFF) {
int warn = 0;
if (avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS1)
warn = 1;
else if(avctx->context_model > 0) {
AVDictionaryEntry *t = av_dict_get(options, "non_deterministic",
NULL, AV_DICT_MATCH_CASE);
warn = !t || !t->value || !atoi(t->value) ? 1 : 0;
}
// huffyuv does not support these with multiple frame threads currently
if (warn) {
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING,
"Forcing thread count to 1 for huffyuv encoding with first pass or context 1\n");
avctx->thread_count = 1;
}
}
if(!avctx->thread_count) {
avctx->thread_count = av_cpu_count();
avctx->thread_count = FFMIN(avctx->thread_count, MAX_THREADS);
}
if(avctx->thread_count <= 1)
return 0;
if(avctx->thread_count > MAX_THREADS)
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
av_assert0(!avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder);
c = avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder = av_mallocz(sizeof(ThreadContext));
if(!c)
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
c->parent_avctx = avctx;
c->task_fifo = av_fifo_alloc_array(BUFFER_SIZE, sizeof(Task));
if(!c->task_fifo)
goto fail;
pthread_mutex_init(&c->task_fifo_mutex, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&c->finished_task_mutex, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&c->buffer_mutex, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&c->task_fifo_cond, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&c->finished_task_cond, NULL);
for(i=0; i<avctx->thread_count ; i++){
AVDictionary *tmp = NULL;
void *tmpv;
AVCodecContext *thread_avctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(avctx->codec);
if(!thread_avctx)
goto fail;
tmpv = thread_avctx->priv_data;
*thread_avctx = *avctx;
thread_avctx->priv_data = tmpv;
thread_avctx->internal = NULL;
memcpy(thread_avctx->priv_data, avctx->priv_data, avctx->codec->priv_data_size);
thread_avctx->thread_count = 1;
thread_avctx->active_thread_type &= ~FF_THREAD_FRAME;
av_dict_copy(&tmp, options, 0);
av_dict_set(&tmp, "threads", "1", 0);
if(avcodec_open2(thread_avctx, avctx->codec, &tmp) < 0) {
av_dict_free(&tmp);
goto fail;
}
av_dict_free(&tmp);
av_assert0(!thread_avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder);
thread_avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder = c;
if(pthread_create(&c->worker[i], NULL, worker, thread_avctx)) {
goto fail;
}
}
avctx->active_thread_type = FF_THREAD_FRAME;
return 0;
fail:
avctx->thread_count = i;
av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ff_frame_thread_encoder_init failed\n");
ff_frame_thread_encoder_free(avctx);
return -1;
}
void ff_frame_thread_encoder_free(AVCodecContext *avctx){
int i;
ThreadContext *c= avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder;
pthread_mutex_lock(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
c->exit = 1;
pthread_cond_broadcast(&c->task_fifo_cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
for (i=0; i<avctx->thread_count; i++) {
pthread_join(c->worker[i], NULL);
}
pthread_mutex_destroy(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&c->finished_task_mutex);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&c->buffer_mutex);
pthread_cond_destroy(&c->task_fifo_cond);
pthread_cond_destroy(&c->finished_task_cond);
av_fifo_freep(&c->task_fifo);
av_freep(&avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder);
}
int ff_thread_video_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt, const AVFrame *frame, int *got_packet_ptr){
ThreadContext *c = avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder;
Task task;
int ret;
av_assert1(!*got_packet_ptr);
if(frame){
AVFrame *new = av_frame_alloc();
if(!new)
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
ret = av_frame_ref(new, frame);
if(ret < 0) {
av_frame_free(&new);
return ret;
}
task.index = c->task_index;
task.indata = (void*)new;
pthread_mutex_lock(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
av_fifo_generic_write(c->task_fifo, &task, sizeof(task), NULL);
pthread_cond_signal(&c->task_fifo_cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->task_fifo_mutex);
c->task_index = (c->task_index+1) % BUFFER_SIZE;
if(!c->finished_tasks[c->finished_task_index].outdata && (c->task_index - c->finished_task_index) % BUFFER_SIZE <= avctx->thread_count)
return 0;
}
if(c->task_index == c->finished_task_index)
return 0;
pthread_mutex_lock(&c->finished_task_mutex);
while (!c->finished_tasks[c->finished_task_index].outdata) {
pthread_cond_wait(&c->finished_task_cond, &c->finished_task_mutex);
}
task = c->finished_tasks[c->finished_task_index];
*pkt = *(AVPacket*)(task.outdata);
if(pkt->data)
*got_packet_ptr = 1;
av_freep(&c->finished_tasks[c->finished_task_index].outdata);
c->finished_task_index = (c->finished_task_index+1) % BUFFER_SIZE;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&c->finished_task_mutex);
return task.return_code;
}
``` |
```c
/* $OpenBSD: disk.c,v 1.20 2023/01/16 07:29:35 deraadt Exp $ */
/* $NetBSD: disk.c,v 1.6 1997/04/06 08:40:33 cgd Exp $ */
/*
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* Van Jacobson of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Ralph Campbell.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @(#)rz.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/10/93
*/
#include <lib/libsa/stand.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <machine/rpb.h>
#include <machine/prom.h>
#include "disk.h"
struct disk_softc {
int sc_fd; /* PROM channel number */
int sc_ctlr; /* controller number */
int sc_unit; /* disk unit number */
int sc_part; /* disk partition number */
struct disklabel sc_label; /* disk label for this disk */
};
int
diskstrategy(void *devdata, int rw, daddr_t bn, size_t reqcnt, void *addrvoid,
size_t *cnt)
{
char *addr = addrvoid;
struct disk_softc *sc;
struct partition *pp;
prom_return_t ret;
int s;
if ((reqcnt & 0xffffff) != reqcnt ||
reqcnt == 0)
asm("call_pal 0");
twiddle();
/* Partial-block transfers not handled. */
if (reqcnt & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)) {
*cnt = 0;
return (EINVAL);
}
sc = (struct disk_softc *)devdata;
pp = &sc->sc_label.d_partitions[sc->sc_part];
if (rw == F_READ)
ret.bits = prom_read(sc->sc_fd, reqcnt, addr, bn + pp->p_offset);
else
ret.bits = prom_write(sc->sc_fd, reqcnt, addr, bn + pp->p_offset);
if (ret.u.status)
return (EIO);
if (cnt)
*cnt = ret.u.retval;
return (0);
}
int
diskopen(struct open_file *f, int ctlr, int unit, int part)
{
struct disklabel *lp;
prom_return_t ret;
size_t cnt;
int devlen, i;
char *msg, buf[DEV_BSIZE], devname[32];
struct disk_softc *sc;
if (unit >= 16 || part >= MAXPARTITIONS)
return (ENXIO);
/*
* XXX
* We don't know what device names look like yet,
* so we can't change them.
*/
ret.bits = prom_getenv(PROM_E_BOOTED_DEV, devname, sizeof(devname));
devlen = ret.u.retval;
ret.bits = prom_open((u_int64_t)devname, devlen);
if (ret.u.status == 2)
return (ENXIO);
if (ret.u.status == 3)
return (EIO);
sc = alloc(sizeof(struct disk_softc));
bzero(sc, sizeof(struct disk_softc));
f->f_devdata = (void *)sc;
sc->sc_fd = ret.u.retval;
sc->sc_ctlr = ctlr;
sc->sc_unit = unit;
sc->sc_part = part;
/* Try to read disk label and partition table information. */
lp = &sc->sc_label;
lp->d_secsize = DEV_BSIZE;
lp->d_secpercyl = 1;
lp->d_npartitions = MAXPARTITIONS;
DL_SETPOFFSET(&lp->d_partitions[part], 0);
DL_SETPSIZE(&lp->d_partitions[part], 0x7fffffff);
i = diskstrategy(sc, F_READ,
LABELSECTOR, DEV_BSIZE, buf, &cnt);
if (i || cnt != DEV_BSIZE) {
printf("disk%d: error reading disk label\n", unit);
goto bad;
} else if (((struct disklabel *)(buf + LABELOFFSET))->d_magic !=
DISKMAGIC) {
/* No label at all. Fake all partitions as whole disk. */
for (i = 0; i < MAXPARTITIONS; i++) {
DL_SETPOFFSET(&lp->d_partitions[part], 0);
DL_SETPSIZE(&lp->d_partitions[part], 0x7fffffff);
}
} else {
msg = getdisklabel(buf + LABELOFFSET, lp);
if (msg) {
printf("disk%d: %s\n", unit, msg);
goto bad;
}
}
if (part >= lp->d_npartitions ||
DL_GETPSIZE(&lp->d_partitions[part]) == 0) {
bad: free(sc, sizeof(struct disk_softc));
return (ENXIO);
}
return (0);
}
int
diskclose(struct open_file *f)
{
struct disk_softc *sc;
sc = f->f_devdata;
(void)prom_close(sc->sc_fd);
free(sc, sizeof(struct disk_softc));
f->f_devdata = NULL;
return (0);
}
``` |
This is a list of football clubs located in Greenland, sorted alphabetically, and including geographical provenience, home stadium information and number of Greenlandic Men's Football Championship won.
See also
Football in Greenland
Football Association of Greenland
Greenland national football team
Greenlandic Men's Football Championship
Greenland
Football clubs |
```html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Lua 5.4 Reference Manual - contents</TITLE>
<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="index.css">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>
<A HREF="path_to_url"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua"></A>
Lua 5.4 Reference Manual
</H1>
<P>
The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
<BR>
For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
<A HREF="path_to_url">Programming in Lua</A>.
<DIV CLASS="menubar">
<A HREF="manual.html">start</A>
·
<A HREF="#contents">contents</A>
·
<A HREF="#index">index</A>
·
<A HREF="path_to_url">other versions</A>
</DIV>
<P>
<SMALL>
Freely available under the terms of the
<A HREF="path_to_url">Lua license</A>.
</SMALL>
<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2>
<UL CLASS="contents menubar">
<LI><A HREF="manual.html">1 – Introduction</A>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 – Basic Concepts</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 – Values and Types</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 – Environments and the Global Environment</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 – Error Handling</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 – Metatables and Metamethods</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 – Garbage Collection</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 – Incremental Garbage Collection</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 – Generational Garbage Collection</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">2.5.3 – Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">2.5.4 – Weak Tables</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 – Coroutines</A>
</UL>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 – The Language</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 – Lexical Conventions</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 – Variables</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 – Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.1">3.3.1 – Blocks</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.2">3.3.2 – Chunks</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.3">3.3.3 – Assignment</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.4">3.3.4 – Control Structures</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.5">3.3.5 – For Statement</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.6">3.3.6 – Function Calls as Statements</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.7">3.3.7 – Local Declarations</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.8">3.3.8 – To-be-closed Variables</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 – Expressions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.1">3.4.1 – Arithmetic Operators</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.2">3.4.2 – Bitwise Operators</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.3">3.4.3 – Coercions and Conversions</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.4">3.4.4 – Relational Operators</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.5">3.4.5 – Logical Operators</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.6">3.4.6 – Concatenation</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.7">3.4.7 – The Length Operator</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.8">3.4.8 – Precedence</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.9">3.4.9 – Table Constructors</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.10">3.4.10 – Function Calls</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.11">3.4.11 – Function Definitions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 – Visibility Rules</A>
</UL>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 – The Application Program Interface</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 – The Stack</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1.1">4.1.1 – Stack Size</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1.2">4.1.2 – Valid and Acceptable Indices</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1.3">4.1.3 – Pointers to strings</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.2">4.2 – C Closures</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.3">4.3 – Registry</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.4">4.4 – Error Handling in C</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.4.1">4.4.1 – Status Codes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.5">4.5 – Handling Yields in C</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.6">4.6 – Functions and Types</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.7">4.7 – The Debug Interface</A>
</UL>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 – The Auxiliary Library</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 – Functions and Types</A>
</UL>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 – The Standard Libraries</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.1">6.1 – Basic Functions</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.2">6.2 – Coroutine Manipulation</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.3">6.3 – Modules</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4">6.4 – String Manipulation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4.1">6.4.1 – Patterns</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4.2">6.4.2 – Format Strings for Pack and Unpack</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.5">6.5 – UTF-8 Support</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.6">6.6 – Table Manipulation</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.7">6.7 – Mathematical Functions</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.8">6.8 – Input and Output Facilities</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.9">6.9 – Operating System Facilities</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.10">6.10 – The Debug Library</A>
</UL>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 – Lua Standalone</A>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 – Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.1">8.1 – Incompatibilities in the Language</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.2">8.2 – Incompatibilities in the Libraries</A>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.3">8.3 – Incompatibilities in the API</A>
</UL>
<P>
<LI><A HREF="manual.html#9">9 – The Complete Syntax of Lua</A>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2>
<TABLE CLASS="menubar" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD>
<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.1">basic</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawlen">rawlen</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-warn">warn</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.2">coroutine</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.close">coroutine.close</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.isyieldable">coroutine.isyieldable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.10">debug</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getuservalue">debug.getuservalue</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setuservalue">debug.setuservalue</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvalueid">debug.upvalueid</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvaluejoin">debug.upvaluejoin</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.8">io</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stderr">io.stderr</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdin">io.stdin</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdout">io.stdout</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR>
</TD>
<TD>
<H3> </H3>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.7">math</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.maxinteger">math.maxinteger</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.mininteger">math.mininteger</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tointeger">math.tointeger</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.type">math.type</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ult">math.ult</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.9">os</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.3">package</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.config">package.config</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchers">package.searchers</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchpath">package.searchpath</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.4">string</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.pack">string.pack</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.packsize">string.packsize</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.unpack">string.unpack</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.6">table</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.move">table.move</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.pack">table.pack</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.unpack">table.unpack</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#6.5">utf8</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.char">utf8.char</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.charpattern">utf8.charpattern</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.codepoint">utf8.codepoint</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.codes">utf8.codes</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.len">utf8.len</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.offset">utf8.offset</A><BR>
<H3><A NAME="metamethods">metamethods</A></H3>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__add</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__band</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__bnot</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__bor</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__bxor</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__call</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#3.3.8">__close</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__concat</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__div</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__eq</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">__gc</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__idiv</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__index</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__le</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__len</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__lt</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">__metatable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__mod</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">__mode</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__mul</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">__name</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__newindex</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">__pairs</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__pow</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__shl</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__shr</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__sub</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">__tostring</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__unm</A><BR>
<H3><A NAME="env">environment<BR>variables</A></H3>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_CPATH">LUA_CPATH</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_CPATH_5_4">LUA_CPATH_5_4</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_INIT">LUA_INIT</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_INIT_5_4">LUA_INIT_5_4</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_PATH">LUA_PATH</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_PATH_5_4">LUA_PATH_5_4</A><BR>
</TD>
<TD>
<H3><A NAME="api">C API</A></H3>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_KContext">lua_KContext</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_KFunction">lua_KFunction</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Unsigned">lua_Unsigned</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_WarnFunction">lua_WarnFunction</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_absindex">lua_absindex</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_arith">lua_arith</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_callk">lua_callk</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_closeslot">lua_closeslot</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_compare">lua_compare</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_copy">lua_copy</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getextraspace">lua_getextraspace</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_geti">lua_geti</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getiuservalue">lua_getiuservalue</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR>
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<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR>
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<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR>
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<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawsetp">lua_rawsetp</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR>
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<H3><A NAME="library">standard library</A></H3>
<P>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_base">luaopen_base</A><BR>
<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_coroutine">luaopen_coroutine</A><BR>
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<H3><A NAME="constants">constants</A></H3>
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The National Insurance Act 1911 created National Insurance, originally a system of health insurance for industrial workers in Great Britain based on contributions from employers, the government, and the workers themselves. It was one of the foundations of the modern welfare state. It also provided unemployment insurance for designated cyclical industries. It formed part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal Governments of 1906–1915, led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith. David Lloyd George, the Liberal Chancellor of the Exchequer, was the prime moving force behind its design, negotiations with doctors and other interest groups, and final passage, assisted by Home Secretary Winston Churchill.
Background
Lloyd George followed the example of Germany, which under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck had provided compulsory national insurance against sickness from 1884. After visiting Germany in 1908, Lloyd George said in his 1909 Budget speech that Britain should aim to be "putting ourselves in this field on a level with Germany; we should not emulate them only in armaments." His measure gave the British working classes the first contributory system of insurance against illness and unemployment. The Act only applied to wage earners—about 70% of the work force—their families and the unwaged were not covered.
After first praising the proposal, the Conservatives split, and most voted against it. But when returned to office they did not change it.
Some trade unions who operated their own insurance schemes, and friendly societies who had their own schemes, at first opposed the proposal, but Lloyd George convinced most of them to support it. The friendly societies and trade unions were given a major role in administering health insurance. Covered workers outside those agencies dealt with the local post office. The government picked up responsibility for the basic benefits that the unions and societies had promised, thus greatly helping their financial reserves.
The Act was psychologically important, as it removed the need for unemployed workers to rely on the stigmatised social welfare provisions of the Poor Law. This hastened the end of the Poor Law as a social welfare provider: the Poor Law Unions were abolished in 1929, and the administration of poor relief was transferred to the counties and county boroughs.
Key figures in the implementation of the Act included Robert Laurie Morant and especially economist William Braithwaite, who drafted the details after inspecting the German system.
The medical profession and the British Medical Association were angry with the law, despite support from some prominent leaders such as Victor Horsley. Some critics on the right such as Hilaire Belloc considered the Act to be a manifestation of The Servile State, which Belloc blasted in his book of the same name. Collection of contributions began in July 1912, and payments on 15 January 1913.
The bill was introduced by Lloyd George to Parliament on 4 May 1911. On the Third Reading the government was victorious by a huge majority. Most Unionists abstained, although 11 voted against the bill and 9 in favour of it, while the Labour Party was also split, with 32 Labour MPs supporting the government and 5 from the party's socialistic wing voting against. In addition, 58 'Redmonite' Irish voted with the government with 7 O'Brienites against it. It became law on 16 December 1911, and went into effect on 1 July 1912.
Part I, Health
The National Insurance Act Part I provided for a National Insurance scheme with provision of medical benefits. All workers who earned under £160 a year had to pay 4 pence a week to the scheme; the employer paid 3 pence, and general taxation paid 2 pence (Lloyd George called it the "ninepence for fourpence"). Under the Act, workers could take sick leave and be paid 10 shillings a week for the first 13 weeks, and 5 shillings a week for the next 13 weeks. Workers also gained access to free treatment for tuberculosis, and the sick were eligible for treatment by a panel doctor. Due to pressure from the Co-operative Women's Guild, the National Insurance Act provided maternity benefits.
In parts of Scotland whose economy was still largely based on subsistence farming, the collection of cash contributions was impractical. The Highlands and Islands Medical Service was established in the crofting counties on a non-contributory basis in 1913.
Though the fund was held centrally, and the obligation to pay into it was a nationally imposed one, access to the scheme was via "Approved Societies", who collected the contributions, paid out for treatment, and provided day-to-day administration. A worker could choose which Approved Society to belong to; this stimulated competition between the societies. The 1911 Act only allowed Approved Societies to collect the contributions of their members; they could not keep the money, but had to forward it to the National Insurance Fund. The societies' own expenditure, such as the cost of treatment for their members, would be reimbursed by the Fund, on a six-monthly basis. The government did not reimburse any "improper" payments, such as "treatments" that did not comply with government regulations, or corrupt payments.
Any organisation could become an Approved Society, as long as it was registered under the Act, and complied with the Act's obligations, including to operate on a not-for-profit basis. As well as societies created by the trade unions and friendly societies, commercial insurers also established Approved Societies, such as the National Amalgamated Approved Society (created by Pearl Assurance and others); the largest Approved Societies were the four operated by Prudential, which collectively looked after 4.3 million members.
Many Approved Societies were nominally profitable, contributing more to the National Insurance Fund than they took out. In 1925, and then 1931, further Acts were passed which reduced the government contribution to the fund: the government pressured the backers of Approved Societies (the insurance companies, trade unions, and so on) to take on the financial burden themselves. Together with increasing government control on which treatments they were allowed to fund, this led many Societies to complain that they had become little more than branches of government, and membership attendance at society meetings dwindled away, becoming virtually non-existent by 1940.
The National Insurance Act 1946 introduced a single national organisation in the healthcare field (the National Health Service) which, among other things, fulfilled the role of the Approved Societies; Approved Societies thus became redundant, and ceased to exist in 1948.
Part II, Unemployment
The National Insurance Act Part II provided for time-limited unemployment benefit for certain highly cyclical industries, especially the building trades, mechanical engineering, foundries, vehicle manufacturing, and sawmills. The scheme was based on actuarial principles, and it was planned that it would be funded by fixed payments from workers, employers, and taxpayers. It made no provision for dependants. Part II worked in a similar way to Part I. The worker gave 2d (i.e pre-decimal pence) per week while employed, the employer 2d, and the taxpayer 3d. After one week of unemployment, the worker would start to be eligible to receive 7 shillings (i.e. 84d) per week for up to 15 weeks in a year. The money would be collected from labour exchanges. By 1913, 2.3 million were insured under the scheme for unemployment benefit and almost 15 million insured for sickness benefit.
A key assumption of the Act was an unemployment rate of 4.6%. At the time the Act was passed, unemployment was at 3% and the fund was expected to quickly build a surplus. Under the Act, employees' contributions to the scheme were to be compulsory and taken by the employer before the workers' salary was paid.
Legislative history
Amended by National Insurance Act 1913 c. 37, draft regulations were published in November 1913.
See also
Old Age Pensions Act 1908
Timeline of pensions in the United Kingdom
Beveridge Report 1942
National Health Service Act 1946
Universal health care
Unemployment Insurance Act 1920 expanded coverage of part II
References
Bibliography
Alborn, Timothy. "Senses of belonging: The politics of working-class insurance in Britain, 1880–1914." Journal of modern history 73.3 (2001): 561-602. in JSTOR
Boyer, George R. "The evolution of unemployment relief in Great Britain." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34.3 (2004): 393-433. online
Briggs, Asa. "The welfare state in historical perspective." European Journal of Sociology 2#2 (1961): 221-258.
Carpenter, Glyn. "National Health Insurance: A Case Study in the Use of Private Non-Profit Making Organizations in the Provision of Welfare Benefits." Public Administration 62.1 (1984): 71-89.
Gilbert, Bentley B. The evolution of national insurance in Great Britain: the origins of the welfare state (1966). pp 289–447. the standard scholarly monograph.
Hay, Roy. "Employers and social policy in Britain: The evolution of welfare legislation, 1905–14∗." Social History 2.4 (1977): 435-455.
Heller, Michael. "The National Insurance Acts 1911–1947, the Approved Societies and the Prudential Assurance Company." Twentieth Century British History 19.1 (2008): 1-28. doi:10.1093/tcbh/hwm032
Loch, C. S. "National Insurance Act, 1911." Charity Organisation Review 31.186 (1912): 312-316. in JSTOR
McFall, Liz. "Pragmatics and Politics: the case of industrial assurance in the UK." Journal of Cultural Economy 3.2 (2010): 205-223.
Sokolovsky, Joan. "The making of national health insurance in Britain and Canada: institutional analysis and its limits." Journal of Historical Sociology 11.2 (1998): 247-280.
Whiteside, Noelle. "Welfare insurance and casual labour: a study of administrative intervention in industrial employment, 1906–26." Economic History Review 32.4 (1979): 507-522. in JSTOR
External links
Text of the Act
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1911
Social security in the United Kingdom
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning healthcare
Unemployment benefits
National Insurance
History of insurance
Insurance legislation
December 1911 events
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by subject
David Lloyd George
Winston Churchill
Working class in the United Kingdom |
The High Inspectorate of Declaration and Audit of Assets and Conflicts of Interest (HIDAACI) () is a government agency in Albania under the supervision of the Inspector General. The task of the agency is to administer the audit of the declaration of assets of public individuals.
References
Inspectorate
Financial system of Albania
Financial regulatory authorities of Albania |
Rui Campos do Nascimento known as Rui (born September 23, 1960) is a Brazilian former volleyball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
In 1984, he was part of the Brazilian team which won the silver medal in the Olympic tournament. He played two matches.
External links
profile
1960 births
Living people
Brazilian men's volleyball players
Olympic volleyball players for Brazil
Volleyball players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Brazil
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
20th-century Brazilian people |
Chamaenerion angustifolium is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae. It is known in North America as fireweed, in some parts of Canada as great willowherb, in Britain and Ireland as rosebay willowherb. In the United Kingdom it is also known as bombweed, as a result of its rapid appearance on city bomb sites during the Blitz of World War II; the plant is also traditionally known as Saint Anthony's laurel. It is also known by the synonyms Chamerion angustifolium and Epilobium angustifolium. It is native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, including large parts of the boreal forests.
Description
The reddish stems of this herbaceous perennial are usually simple, erect, smooth, high with scattered alternate leaves. The leaves are spirally arranged, entire, narrowly lanceolate, and pinnately veined, the secondary leaf veins anastomosing, joining together to form a continuous marginal vein just inside the leaf margins.
The inflorescence is a symmetrical terminal raceme that blooms progressively from bottom to top, producing a gracefully tapered shape. The flowers are in diameter, slightly asymmetrical, with four magenta to pink petals and four narrower pink sepals behind. The protruding style has four stigmas. The floral formula is ✶/↓ K4 C4 A4+4 or 4+0 Ğ(4).
The upright, reddish-brown linear seed capsule splits from the apex and curls open. It bears many minute brown seeds, about 300 to 400 per capsule and 80,000 per plant. The seeds have silky hairs to aid wind dispersal and are very easily spread by the wind, often becoming a weed and a dominant species on disturbed ground. Once established, the plants also spread extensively by underground roots, an individual plant eventually forming a large patch.
This species has been placed in the genus Chamaenerion (sometimes given as Chamerion) rather than Epilobium based on several morphological distinctions: spiral (rather than opposite or whorled) leaf arrangement; absence (rather than presence) of a hypanthium; subequal stamens (rather than stamens in two unequal whorls); zygomorphic (rather than actinomorphic) stamens and stigma. Under this taxonomic arrangement, Chamaenerion and Epilobium are monophyletic sister genera.
Taxonomy
Two subspecies are recognized as valid:
Chamaenerion angustifolium subsp. angustifolium
Chamaenerion angustifolium subsp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Hoch
Etymology
The generic name Chamaenerion means 'dwarf-oleander' and the Latin specific epithet angustifolium translates as 'narrow-leaved'. It shares this epithet with many other species of plants, including Vaccinium angustifolium. The common British name "rosebay", from the passing resemblance of the flowers to (wild) roses and the leaves to those of bay, goes back in print to Gerard's Herball of 1597. The common American name "fireweed" derives from the species' abundance as a colonizer on burnt sites after forest fires and other disturbances.
Ecology
Fireweed is often abundant in wet calcareous to slightly acidic soils in open fields, pastures, and particularly burned-over lands. It is a pioneer species that quickly colonizes open areas with little competition, such as the sites of forest fires and forest clearings. Plants grow and flower as long as there is open space and plenty of light. Fireweed reaches its average peak colonization after five years and then begins to be replaced as trees and brush grow larger. Seeds remain viable in the soil seed bank for many years. When a new fire or other disturbance occurs that opens up the ground to light again, the seeds germinate. Some areas with heavy seed counts in the soil can, after burning, be covered with pure dense stands of this species and when in flower the landscape is turned into fields of color.
Fireweed is an effective colonizer; it may not be present until after a fire has moved through a landscape. Because of its very high dispersal capacity, "propagule pressure" from its regional presence will let it quickly colonize a disturbed area. Once seedlings are established, the plant quickly reproduces and covers the disturbed area via seeds and rhizomes. It is somewhat adapted to fire as well and so can prevent the reintroduction of fire to the landscape. Fireweed is well adapted to seed in severely burned areas as well, because the mineral soil that is exposed due to the removal of organic soil layers provides a good seedbed.
In Britain the plant was considered a rare species in the 18th century, and one confined to a few locations with damp, gravelly soils. It was misidentified as great hairy willowherb in contemporary floras. The plant's rise from local rarity to widespread abundance seems to have occurred at the same time as the expansion of the railway network and the associated soil disturbance. The plant became locally known as bombweed due to its rapid colonization of bomb craters in the Second World War.
Bears and elk are known to favor the plant as food.
Pollination
The flowers are visited by a wide variety of insects (the generalised pollination syndrome). Some species in the insect order Lepidoptera frequently use the willowherb as their primary larval host-plant, examples including the elephant hawk moth (Deilephila elpenor), bedstraw hawk moth (Hyles gallii), and the white-lined sphinx moth (Hyles lineata).
Uses
The plant is not considered palatable, but is easy to find. The very young shoots and leaves can be cooked and eaten. The young flowers are also edible, and the stems of older plants can be split to extract the edible raw pith. Additionally, the leaves can be used for tea.
Traditionally the young shoots are collected in the spring by Native American and Siberian people and mixed with other greens. As the plant matures, the leaves become tough and somewhat bitter. Native Americans in the American southeast collect the stems in this stage. They are peeled and eaten raw. When properly prepared soon after picking they are a good source of vitamin C and provitamin A. The Denaʼina add fireweed to their dogs' food. Fireweed is also a medicine of the Upper Inlet Dena'ina, who treat pus-filled boils or cuts by placing a piece of the raw stem on the afflicted area. This is said to draw the pus out of the cut or boil and prevents a cut with pus in it from healing over too quickly.
The root can be roasted after scraping off the outside, but often tastes bitter. To mitigate this, the root is collected before the plant flowers and the brown thread in the middle removed. The stem centers can also be prepared by splitting the outer stalk, and eaten raw.
In Russia, fireweed (C. angustifolium) is made into a tea known as Ivan Chai or Koporsky tea (from the town of Koporye, where it has been produced since the 13th century). They use it as highly prized medicinal herb too. The popularity of fireweed tea perhaps stems from the similarity of its production to that of common black tea (Camellia sinensis), leading to a richly flavoured and deeply coloured herbal tea, with no caffeine, it is commercially sold in a blend with mint or thyme.
Fireweed tea is high in iron, copper, potassium and calcium.
In the Yukon, the flowers from fireweed are made into jelly.
The honey produced from fireweed is highly valued for its quality. Most fireweed honey is produced in locations in cool climates, such as the Pacific Northwest in the United States and Scandinavian countries in Europe.
Fireweed's natural variation in ploidy has prompted its use in scientific studies of polyploidy's possible effects on adaptive potential and species diversification.
Because fireweed can colonize disturbed sites, even following an old oil spill, it is often used to reestablish vegetation.
It is also grown as an ornamental plant. A white form, C. angustifolium 'Album', is listed by the Royal Horticultural Society.
Land management
Because of its rapid establishment on disturbed land, fireweed can be used for land management purposes. Events such as logging, fires and mass wasting can leave the land barren and without vegetation. This causes the land to be more susceptible to erosion because of the lack of root structure in the soil. Fireweed is a useful tool that can be utilized after prescribed fires and logging events because of its fire resistance and ability to recycle the nutrients left in the soil after a fire. It is also able to quickly establish a root system for reproduction and through this can prevent mass wasting and erosion events from occurring on burned or logged hillsides. Reestablishment of vegetation is crucial in the recovery time of disturbed lands. In many cases, fireweed establishes itself on these disturbed lands, but implementing the introduction of fireweed to a disturbed area as a management practice could prove useful in speeding up the recovery of disturbed lands. Disturbed and burned over lands are generally unpleasant to look at and pose a risk to habitats and nearby communities because of their susceptibility to mass wasting events. Fireweed can quickly establish itself across the landscape and prevent further damage, while providing a blanket of vegetation for recovering fauna to create new habitats in and for pollinators to foster the re-establishment of a diverse set of flora.
Culture
Fireweed is the floral emblem of Yukon.
Because of fireweed's poetic nature, it has found use in poetry and prose since at least the 19th century. Rudyard Kipling wrote, "The fire-weed glows in the centre of the drive ways". In The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien lists fireweed as one of the flowering plants returning to the site of a bonfire inside the Old Forest.
As the first plant to colonise waste ground, fireweed is often mentioned in postwar British literature. The children's novel Fireweed is set during the Blitz and features two runaway teenagers who meet on bomb sites where fireweed is growing profusely. Another children's novel, A Reflection of Rachel features a protagonist attempting to restore an old garden that used "Rose Pink Willow Herb" as an ornamental plant and mentions its notoriety for growing on abandoned bomb sites. Cicely Mary Barker's 1948 book Flower Fairies of the Wayside included an illustration of 'The Rose-Bay Willow-Herb Fairy', with the accompanying verse "On the breeze my fluff is blown; So my airy seeds are sown. Where the earth is burnt and sad, I will come to make it glad. All forlorn and ruined places, All neglected empty spaces, I can cover—only think!— With a mass of rosy pink."
Rosebay Willowherb was subsequently voted the county flower of London in 2002 following a poll by the wild plant conservation charity Plantlife.
References
External links
Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) Syntheses about fire ecology and fire regimes in the United States
USDA Plants profile for Chamerion angustifolium (fireweed)
Calflora Database: Chamerion angustifolium (fireweed)
Jepson Manual eFlora treatment of Chamerion angustifolium
Washington Flora Checklist
NCBI: Chamerion angustifolium
Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford,
Northernbushcraft.com: Edibility of Fireweed – visual identification and edible parts
angustifolium
Edible plants
Flora of Europe
Flora of Northern America
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Medicinal plants of North America
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine |
The Slovak Extraliga 2004–05 was the twelfth regular season of the Slovak Extraliga, the top level of professional ice hockey in Slovakia. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout several Slovak players returned to their homeland, including Pavol Demitra, Marián Hossa, Marián Gáborík (all in HK Dukla Trenčín), Miroslav Šatan and Ľubomír Višňovský (both in HC Slovan Bratislava), Michal Handzuš, Richard Zedník and Vladimír Országh (all in HKm Zvolen), Ladislav Nagy and Martin Štrbák (both in HC Košice), and Žigmund Pálffy (in HK 36 Skalica).
Regular season
Final standings
Key - GP: Games played, W: Wins, OTW: Over time wins, T: Ties, OTL: Over time losses, L: Losses, GF: Goals for, GA: Goals against, PTS: Points.
Playoffs
Playoff bracket
Playout
* Dubnica sold license for the 2005-06 season to Martin due to financial troubles.
Scoring Leaders
Regular season
Key - GP: Games played, G: Goals, A: Assists, PTS: Points.
Play-off
2004-05 All Star Team
External links
Slovak Ice Hockey Federation
Hockey Archives
2004-05
Slovak
2004–05 in European ice hockey leagues |
Sugar City is a city in Madison County, Idaho, United States. The population was 1,715 at the 2020 census, up from 1,514 in 2010. It is part of the Rexburg Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Sugar City was a company town for the Fremont County Sugar Company, which was part of the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, supporting a sugar beet processing factory built in 1903–1904. Since it was created to support the factory, construction workers and early factory families were housed in tents, leading to the nickname "Rag Town". By 1904, the town consisted of 35 houses, two stores, a hotel, an opera house, several boarding houses, two lumber yards, a meat market, and a schoolhouse. The first Mormon ward was the Sugar City Ward, with Bishop Mark Austin. One of his counselors was James Malone, a construction engineer for E. H. Dyer, who was not a Mormon.
In early years the factory had a labor shortage, leading to a local community of Nikkei—Japanese migrants and their descendants.
The city was flooded by the waters of the Teton Dam collapse on June 5, 1976.
Geography
Sugar City is located in northern Madison County at (43.872317, -111.747331), at an elevation of above sea level. U.S. Route 20 runs along the western edge of the city, leading southwest to Rexburg and northeast to St. Anthony. Idaho State Highway 33 runs through the center of Sugar City, leading southwest to the center of Rexburg and east the same distance to Teton.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.50%, are water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census there are 2,616 people, 419 households, and 373 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 434 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.3% White, 0.1% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 6.7% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.9% of the population.
There were 419 households, of which 52.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.7% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 11.0% were non-families. 10.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.61 and the average family size was 3.87.
The median age in the city was 24.8 years. 39.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 18.7% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,242 people, 326 households, and 292 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 336 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.83% White, 0.16% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 4.51% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.29% of the population.
There were 326 households, out of which 57.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.7% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.4% were non-families. 8.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.81 and the average family size was 4.08.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 40.6% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $45,500, and the median income for a family was $46,333. Males had a median income of $30,139 versus $22,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,737. About 6.1% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Sugar-Salem High School is a small high school located in the town of Sugar City and is part of the Sugar-Salem School District. The district takes in students from the surrounding area, from the community referred to locally as Plano on the west to beyond the town of Newdale on the east. On the north it borders Fremont County, following the Henry's fork of the Snake River, and on the south it borders with Madison School District and the city of Rexburg.
Notable people
Harold G. Hillam, Emeritus General Authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; former member of the Presidency of the Seventy
Thomas C. Neibaur, first Mormon Medal of Honor recipient and first born in Idaho
Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Pulitzer-prize winning author of A Midwife's Tale
See also
List of cities in Idaho
Teton Dam
References
External links
Rexburg Area Chamber of Commerce
Cities in Madison County, Idaho
Cities in Idaho
Rexburg, Idaho micropolitan area
Company towns in Idaho
Populated places established in 1903
1903 establishments in Idaho |
Krasny () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kuybyshevskoye Rural Settlement, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 67 as of 2010. There are 14 streets.
Geography
Krasny is located 13 km southwest of Srednyaya Akhtuba (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nevidimka is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Sredneakhtubinsky District |
```javascript
3e+
``` |
Ek Chutki Aasman is an Indian soap opera which aired on Sahara One in 2010.
Plot
This story is about a 7 year old girl named Chutki. She brings happiness everywhere she goes. The story takes a turn when she goes to Mumbai to try find her mother but gets lost.
Cast
Chhavi Mittal as Himangi Agashe
Rajesh Shringarpure as Ganesh
Deiptimaan Chowdhury as Arjun
Roshni Parekh as Chutki
Seerat Ain Alam as Sonali
Pritish Roy as Bablya
Amar Sharma as Anjali's Husband
Smriti Mohan as Anjali
Manav Sohal as Ramakant
Rajeev Bharadwaj as Aaji's Elder Son
Alok Narula
Rajeev Aryan as Advocate
References
Indian television soap operas
Sahara One original programming
Indian drama television series
2010 Indian television series debuts
2010 Indian television series endings |
Rabbi Mayer Schiller (born June 1951) is an American chasid based in Monsey, New York, who identifies himself as a member of Skver and Rachmastrivka groups, and is a spokesperson for the Skver community in New Square. Schiller also maintains active ties to the Modern Orthodox community. He taught at Marsha Stern Talmudical Academy of Yeshiva University, He is a baal teshuva, having begun practicing Orthodoxy in the spring of 1964 at age 12.
He is a nationalist who criticizes liberal notions of race and the bias against traditional religion in today's media and popular culture. He has been associated with various groups, including the Third Way (UK) and the Ulster Third Way. However, Schiller has also advocated a universalist morality and embrace of the Other, provided that is pursued without loss to group identity. He is involved with the group Toward Tradition, which seeks to advance co-operation between Orthodox Jews and conservative Christians, for example, on issues like abortion, marriage, family, religious schools, and religious freedom.
Schiller is also the author of two books - The Road Back: A Discovery of Judaism Without Embellishments, The (Guilty) Conscience of a Conservative (under the name Craig Schiller) -and a monograph in defense of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch's Torah Im Derech Eretz philosophy, titled "And They Shall Judge the People With True Righteousness". He is an English teacher at Mesivta Beth Shraga.
References
Works
Rabbi Mayer Schiller, "Piety, Banality, Scholarship, and Superficiality" Jewish Action (Fall 1982) p. 16-17. Vol. 43, No. 1
— "Symposium: The Future of American Orthodoxy" Jewish Action (Fall 5759/1998) p. 56-59. Vol. 59, No. 1
— "The New Judaism" American Council for Judaism Issues (Summer 1998) p. 5-12.
— "A Symposium in Divided and Distinguished Worlds" Tradition Vol. 26 No. 2, (Winter 1992) pp. 5, 58-62
— "Reflections on the Sixth Day War After Half a Century " Tradition Vol. 26 No. 4, (Summer 1992) p. 6, 15-19
— "The Sea Change in Orthodox Judaism: A Symposium" Tradition Vol. 32 No. 4 (Summer 1998) p. 19, 101-105
— "Hirschians and Kookians in America: Report on an Endangered Species" Jewish Action (Winter 5747/1986-1987) p. 9-15. Vol. 47, No. 1
— "The Forgotten Humanism of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch" Jewish Action (Summer 5759/1981) pp. 21–26. Vol.49, No. 3
— "The Academic and/or Man of Faith" Jewish Action (Spring 1990) p. 28-32. Vol. 50, No. 2
— "Fun and Relaxation Reexamined" Jewish Action (Spring 5751/1991) Vol. 51, No. 2
— "Realities, Possibilities, and Dreams: Reaching Modern Orthodox Youth" Ten Da'at (Adar 5749) p. 23-26. Vol. 111, No. 2
— "Torah Ummada and The Jewish Observer Critique: Towards a Clarification of the Issues" The Torah u-Madda Journal 6 (1995–1996) p. 58-90
— "Exchange with Rabbi Shlomo Danziger" Jewish Action (Winter 5760/1999) pp. 30,32,81, Vol. 60, No. 2
— "Are We Still a Holy Nation? An All-Embracing Kedushah" Jewish Action (Fall 5762/2001) pp. 32–34 Vol. 62, No.1
— "Can the Death of Ideology Spell the Rebirth of Hasidism?" Jewish Action (Summer/Fall 1986) p. 48-51. Vol. 45, No. 3
— "The Unique Village of New Square" Jewish Action (Spring 5752/1992) pp. 35–39. Vol. 52, No. 2
— "A Portrait of Moshe 'Gabbai'" Jewish Action (Fall 5760/1999) p. 39-43. Vol. 60, No. 1
— "A Personal God and the Rebbe Who Taught Him: Rabbi Aharon Roth (Reb Arele)" Great Minds of the Twentieth Century in Jewish Action (Fall 5757/1996) p. 38-41. Vol. 57, No. 1
— "Separation: Is There an Alternative?" American Renaissance (February 1995) Vol. 6, No. 2
— "First Toward Tradition Conference : The Arduous Calling of Religious Conservatives". October 6, 1994
— "Second Toward Tradition Conference : Conservatism's Death and the West's Hope". September 11, 2000
— "Third Toward Tradition Conference : The Politics of Kiddush Hashem" September 11, 2000
External links
Article on Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch
Article on Judaism and Nationalism
Living people
American Hasidic rabbis
Baalei teshuva
1951 births
People from Monsey, New York
Rachmastrivka (Hasidic dynasty)
Skver (Hasidic dynasty) |
James David Cruickshank (born June 10, 1936; died December 30, 2015) was bishop of Cariboo from 1992 to 2001.
Cruickshank was educated at the University of Minnesota and ordained in 1963. He served in the Robson Valley area until 1965 when he became director of the Anglican Lay Training Centre at Sorrento. In 1983 he became dean of New Westminster, a post he held until his election as Bishop of Cariboo.
External links
Former bishop of Cariboo James Cruickshank dies
https://www.anglican.ca/news/tribute-to-a-friend/30013891/amp/
References
University of Minnesota alumni
Deans of New Westminster
Anglican bishops of Cariboo
1936 births
2015 deaths |
Micularia is a genus of fungi in the family Elsinoaceae.
References
Myriangiales |
```xml
/*
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
import iterFresnelc = require( './index' );
/**
* Returns an iterator protocol-compliant object.
*
* @returns iterator protocol-compliant object
*/
function iterator() {
return {
'next': next
};
}
/**
* Implements the iterator protocol `next` method.
*
* @returns iterator protocol-compliant object
*/
function next() {
return {
'value': true,
'done': false
};
}
// TESTS //
// The function returns an iterator...
{
iterFresnelc( iterator() ); // $ExpectType Iterator
}
// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a first argument which is not an iterator protocol-compliant object...
{
iterFresnelc( '5' ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( 5 ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( true ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( false ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( null ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( undefined ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( [] ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( {} ); // $ExpectError
iterFresnelc( ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
}
// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided insufficient arguments...
{
iterFresnelc(); // $ExpectError
}
``` |
Tomás Torres Carrasquillo (; born November 25, 1971), known professionally as Tommy Torres (), is a Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, and record producer. Named "#1 Hot Latin Tracks Producer" of 2007 by Billboard magazine and Composer of the Year at 2010 ASCAP's Latin Music Awards, Torres has written and produced songs for many artists including Ricardo Arjona, Jaci Velasquez, Ednita Nazario, Alejandro Sanz, Ricky Martin and Franco De Vita.
Early life
Born in the Santurce district of San Juan, Puerto Rico, Torres learned to play the violin and keyboards at a young age. He started composing when he was in high school. He then enrolled in Berklee College of Music where he graduated magna cum laude with a dual major of "Music Production & Engineering"and "Commercial Arranging". Torres lived in New York City for a while working as a studio assistant at the famed Sony Music Studios and later moved to Miami, Florida in 1998.
Musical career
Writer and producer
His first recorded composition was "No Puedo Olvidar" by pop group MDO in 1999. The song made it to No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart. That same year, another one of his compositions, "Llegar A Ti" was recorded by Christian artist Jaci Velasquez and quickly climbed to the No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart, earning him an ASCAP Song of the Year award. In 2001, his production of "Cuando Seas Mia" by group Son By Four also made it to the No. 1 spot on Billboard.
His work on Acustico by Ednita Nazario as co-producer, songwriter, and featured artist, earned his first Latin Grammy Awards nomination in 2002. Later that year, he produced the critically acclaimed "Encuentro" featuring singer-songwriter's Juan Luis Guerra, Ruben Blades, and Draco Rosa. In 2003 he produced Ricky Martin's Almas del Silencio, an album that included songwriting collaborations with artists Franco de Vita, Ricardo Arjona, Alejandro Sanz, and Juanes. The album broke the Soundscan one week sales record for an all-Spanish album. The single "Tal Vez" topped the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks for 12 weeks. The song, written by Franco de Vita with musical arrangements and production by Torres, went on to win "Song of the Year" at that 2003's Latin Grammy Awards. The album also gave 3 additional No. 1 singles. Later that year Torres produced the album "Por Ti" by Ednita Nazario. Both Nazario's "Por Ti" and Martin's "Almas del Silencio" went on to win Best Pop Album Awards (Female/Male) at 2004's Billboard Latin Music Awards earning Tommy his first nomination for Producer of the Year at the Billboard Latin Music Awards.
Later on in 2004, Torres began work on Adentro by singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona. The album was an instant hit with both critics and the public. The song "Acompañame a Estar Solo", penned by Arjona with musical arrangements and production by Torres, became No. 1 on the Billboard Magazine charts. The album "Adentro" won several awards on 2005, including Best Latin Pop Album at the Grammy Awards and Best Pop Album at the Latin Grammy Awards.
On 2006, Torres produced Ricky Martin's MTV Unplugged, which included new arrangements of early Ricky Martin hits and three new songs. The album was well received with both commercial and critical success. The song "Tu Recuerdo", penned by Torres, topped the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks for 7 weeks and maintained a top 20 spot on the chart for an astonishing 26 weeks. The song featured La Mari from flamenco-electronic group Chambao and Torres on acoustic guitar and vocal. The song "Tu Recuerdo" was nominated for Song of the Year on several awards in 2007, including the Latin Grammy Awards and Billboard Latin Music Awards, Premios MTV Latinoamerica, and winning the coveted ASCAP Pop Song of the Year Award. The album "MTV Unplugged" picked up an equal number of nominations and eventually went on to win two Latin Grammy Awards for Best Pop Album and Best Longform Video. The song "Pegate", co-written by Torres, Martin, and Roy Tavare, became a Top 10 hit on several countries in Latin America and Europe. It also won an ASCAP recognition at the ASCAP Music Awards.
A new collaboration with singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona resulted in the song "Quien", from the album "Quien Dijo Ayer". The song was written by Arjona (lyrics) and Torres (music) reaching the top 10 of the Billboard charts. Also on the same album, Torres produced and arranged the songs "Quiero" and "Tarde (Sin Danos A Terceros)", a duet with Arjona and Spanish artist Marta Sánchez. The album "Quien Dijo Ayer", was nominated for Best Pop Album at the Billboard Latin Awards and Latin Grammy Awards. He also co-produced the song "Ya No Estamos Solos" ("Non Siamo Soli"), a duet with Eros Ramazzotti and Ricky Martin. The song became a No. 1 hit in several countries in Europe and Latin America but only reached Top20 status in the United States.
In December 2007, Billboard named Torres as the No. 1 Hot Latin Tracks producer of the year, becoming the first Puerto Rican to achieve that recognition.
On 2008, the song "Como Duele", performed by Ricardo Arjona became the No. 1 song in Mexico and U.S. Latin pop radio. Torres is credited as co-producer and arranger on the song as well as the songs "Tocando Fondo", "Sin Ti, Sin Mi", and the title track "Quinto Piso". The album received a Grammy Awards nomination for Best Latin Pop Album and a Latin Grammy Awards nomination for Best Singer-Songwriter Album. The album also became Arjona's career highest selling debut week.
A new album by Ednita Nazario titled "Soy" debuted No. 1 in Billboard Hot Latin Albums Charts and remained No. 1 for a second week in November 2009. Torres is listed as co-producer in 4 songs in the album and as composer of the song "Confesados".
Also on 2009, Tommy Torres produced the album Paraiso Express for Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz. The first single, "Looking for Paradise", featuring R&B singer-songwriter Alicia Keys, became the No. 1 radio song in every single Latin American country with the exception of Colombia, where the No. 1 spot was held by local favorite, Carlos Vives. The song also reached the No. 1 spot in Spain and the U.S. Billboard Latin Chart. "Looking for Paradise" was co-written by Sanz, Keys, & Torres. The album "Paraiso Express" won both a Grammy Award as Latin Pop Album of the Year and a Latin Grammy Award for Pop Album of the Year. The song "Desde Cuando", written by Sanz and Torres, also earned a nomination for Song of the Year at the Latin Grammys.
In November 2012, Torres won a Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year with the song "Corre", a song co-written with Mexican duo Jesse & Joy. Other nominees on this category included writing powerhouses Joaquin Sabina, Juan Luis Guerra, Ricardo Arjona, Juanes, and Alejandro Sanz. On his acceptance speech, Torres thanked Jesse & Joy, the fans for "making this possible", and his wife and baby "watching at home." The music video for "Corre" is now the most watched music video of a Spanish language song in YouTube, with over 130,000,000 views.
Solo career
On June 19, 2001, Torres became a solo artist with the release of a self-titled album. The album included the Billboard Top 20 singles "Como Olvidar" and "Hoy Te Vas". The album was released on the Sony Discos label and was nominated for best album by a new artist on Premios Lo Nuestro.
2004 saw the independent release of Torres' second album "Estar de Moda No Está de Moda". The album included the singles "De Rodillas", "Dame Esta Noche", Un Poquito", "Besos y Sal", "Sigo Aqui", and "Vinito Pa'l Corazon" . The first four singles were No. 1 airplay hits in his native Puerto Rico and Top 40 on the Billboard charts. "De Rodillas" reached No. 1 in several countries including Peru and Panama.
On April 1, 2008, Torres released the album "Tarde o Temprano" thru the Warner Music Latina label. The album debut No. 1 on the Puerto Rico sales charts and maintained the top spot for four consecutive weeks, according to Soundscan reports. The first five radio singles "Pegadito", "Tarde o Temprano", "Por Un Beso Tuyo", "Imparable", and "Mar Adentro" reached both the No. 1 spot in Puerto Rico radio charts, and Top 20 in US Billboard charts. The singles "Tarde o Temprano" and "Imparable" reached the Top 10 in Mexico. On September 10, 2008 "Tarde o Temprano" was nominated for a Latin Grammy Awards in the category of Best Singer-Songwriter Album. Torres performed at the Latin Grammy Awards ceremony in November 2008. On December 3, 2008, "Tarde o Temprano" was also nominated for a Grammy Awards in the Latin Pop Album of the Year field. The album was also nominated for Best Pop Album and Best Male Artist in Premios Lo Nuestro 2009. A CD/DVD version of the album titled "Tarde o Temprano - Late Edition" was released on February 10, 2009. The album features several additional acoustic versions and videos, plus the single "Imparable", now featuring Mexican brother/sister duo Jesse & Joy. On its second week of release, "Tarde o Temprano - Late Edition" hit the top spots on the sales charts in the U.S. and the No. 1 spot in Puerto Rico according to SoundScan Nielsen.
In February 2009, Tommy Torres joined Sara Bareilles, Liz Phair, and 5 other artists to be the faces of the Banana Republic spring and summer ad campaigns. The national campaigns feature print advertising, window displays and billboards identifying the artists wearing the company's clothes.
In February 2010, Tommy Torres received the Composer of the Year award at the ASCAP Latin Music Awards.
His album, "12 Historias", was released on October 2, 2012. Three singles, "Querido Tommy", "11:11", and "Mientras Tanto" have already been released. It debuted #1 on the Latin Album Charts.
After signing with Rimas Entertainment in early 2021, his newest album El Playlist de Anoche will be released on July 23, 2021, co-written and co-produced with Puerto Rican rapper Bad Bunny.
References
See also
List of singer-songwriters
List of Puerto Rican songwriters
1971 births
Living people
Musicians from Santurce, Puerto Rico
Singers from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Berklee College of Music alumni
Latin Grammy Award winners
Puerto Rican male composers
21st-century Puerto Rican male singers
Puerto Rican singer-songwriters
Puerto Rican pop singers
Latin pop singers
Latin music record producers
Latin music songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Warner Music Latina artists |
American Spanish may refer to:
Spanish language in the United States
Spanish language in the Americas
See also
Mexican Spanish
Spanish American, an American with ancestry from Spain
Hispanic American, an American with ancestry from Latin America
Spanish language
Language and nationality disambiguation pages |
The legal drinking age is the minimum age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different from the age when it can be purchased in some countries. These laws vary between countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in public places with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated (an exception being the UK, which has a minimum legal age of five for supervised consumption in private places). Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcohol drinks.
The majority of countries have a minimum legal drinking age of 18. The most commonly known reason for the law behind the legal drinking age is the effect on the brain in adolescents. Since the brain is still maturing, alcohol can have a negative effect on the memory and long-term thinking. Alongside that, it can cause liver failure, and create a hormone imbalance in teens due to the constant changes and maturing of hormones during puberty. Some countries have a minimum legal drinking age of 19 to prevent the flow of alcoholic beverages in high schools, while others like the United States have a minimum legal purchasing age of 21 (18 in P.R. and USVI) in an effort to reduce the amount of drunk driving rates among teenagers and young adults.
Africa
The most common minimum age to purchase alcohol in Africa is 18. However, Angola (except Luanda Province), Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, and Togo have no laws on the books restricting the sale of alcohol to minors. In Libya, Somalia and Sudan the sale, production and consumption of alcohol is completely prohibited.
Americas
In Central America, the Caribbean, and South America the legal drinking age and legal purchase age varies from 0 to 20 years (see table below). In South America in particular, the legal purchase age is 18 years, with two exceptions:
In Paraguay, the legal drinking age and purchase age is 20 years.
In Guyana, minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer or wine in a restaurant provided they buy a meal.
In North America the legal drinking age and legal purchase age varies from 18 to 21 years:
In Mexico, the drinking age is 18 in all states.
In the United States, the minimum legal age to purchase alcoholic beverages is 21 years of age; the two exceptions are Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands where the age is 18. The legal drinking age varies by state, and many states have no age requirements for supervised drinking with one's parents or legal guardians.
In Canada, most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years to buy or consume alcohol, while Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec, the minimum age is 18 years.
In the late 20th century, much of North America changed its minimum legal drinking ages (MLDAs) as follows:
Asia
Europe
Most countries in Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal and Switzerland (except Ticino) maintain a minimum purchase age below 18 years, minors are permitted either full or limited access to alcohol. In 2005, 2007 and 2015 harmonization at the European Union level toward a minimum purchase age of 18 was discussed, but not agreed.
Timeline of changes to drinking/purchase age or laws restricting the access to alcohol for minors:
In 2002 the Spanish autonomous communities Madrid, Valencia and Catalonia raised their minimum purchase age to 18 years. Previously, Valencia and Madrid had a minimum purchase age of 16 years, and in Catalonia minors aged 16 or 17 could purchase alcohol up to 23% ABV on- and off-premise.
In 2004 Denmark raised its off-premise purchase age from 15 to 16 years.
In November 2005 Switzerland passed its Food and Commodities Regulation (German: Lebensmittel- und Gebrauchsgegenständeverordnung), introducing a ban on alcohol sales to anyone under the age of 16. The Alcohol Law (German: Alkoholgesetz) passed in 1980 requires a minimum age of 18 years for the retail sale of distilled spirits. Therefore, it is prohibited to sell fermented alcohol (e.g. beer, wine, sparkling wine or cider) to anyone under the age of 16, and any distilled alcohol beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. The canton of Ticino has a cantonal law since 1989 that makes the purchase age limit for all alcohol beverages 18 years.
In 2006 the Spanish autonomous community Castile and León raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years.
In late 2006, Gibraltar lawmakers passed the Children and Young Persons (Alcohol, Tobacco and Gaming) Act 2006, which raised the minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years. But the new law made an exception: minors aged 16 or 17 can purchase and consume beer, wine or cider under 15% ABV on-premise, and pre-packed containers of an alcohol strength not exceeding 5.5% ABV (e.g. alcopops).
In 2009 France raised its minimum purchase age to 18 years, and fines were increased for selling or serving alcohol to a minor (up to €7,500). Previously, the minimum age was 16 years for off-premise and on-premise purchases of low-alcohol beverages (up to 3% ABV) such as wine, beer, cider, perry, mead, crème de cassis and juices from fermented fruits or vegetables that contain 1.2 to 3° alcohol, natural sweet wines from controlled cultivation and 18 for higher-ABV beverges.
In October 2009, the government of Malta passed a new law raising its drinking and purchase age from 16 to 17 years.
In 2010 the Spanish autonomous community of Galicia raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years.
In 2011 Denmark passed a law raising the minimum age for off-premise sale of alcohol beverages of >16.5% ABV to 18 years of age. The minimum age to purchase alcohol beverages of <16.5% ABV remains 16.
In March 2012 Moldova raised the minimum purchase age to 18, from 16 previously.
Italy raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 in 2012. Previously Italy did not have a purchase age for off-premise sales, and the minimum age of 16 years for on-premise sales was not well enforced.
In 2013 the government of Portugal restricted alcohol sales to young people: distilled spirits cannot be sold to anyone under the age of 18, and other alcohol beverages (e.g. beer, wine, or cider) cannot be sold to anyone under the age of 16. Previously the minimum age for all alcohol beverages was 16 years.
, the minimum legal purchase and consumption age was raised from 16 to 18 in the Netherlands. Previously young people over the age of 16 could purchase and consume alcohol beverages of <15% ABV, and those aged 18 and over could purchase all alcohol beverages.
, the Spanish autonomous community of Asturias raised its drinking age from 16 to 18 years. Asturias was Spain's last community with a drinking age of 16 years. The new law brings the drinking age into line with the rest of Spain, with the exception of Balearic Islands where no purchase age limit is set.
, Portugal harmonized its minimum drinking age to 18 years across all beverage types. Previously the purchase age was 16 years for low-alcohol beverages such as beer, wine or cider.
, Lithuania raised its minimum drinking age from 18 to 20 years.
From January 2019 the federal states of Austria decided to align their drinking and purchase ages. The states Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vienna therefore raised their age limits for alcohol beverages containing spirits to 18. Prior to 2019 these states had a general drinking and purchase age of 16 years. The sale and consumption of beer, wine and other fermented alcohol beverages is now prohibited to children and young people under the age of 16 years, and the sale and consumption of spirits to minors under the age of 18 years is prohibited throughout Austria.
Oceania
See also
Age of candidacy
Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
Alcoholism
Amethyst Initiative
Choose Responsibility
Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
Gambling age
Legal drinking age controversy (USA)
Mature minor doctrine
National Minimum Drinking Age Act
National Youth Rights Association
Shoulder tap (alcohol)
Smoking age
Youth rights
Youth suffrage
Youth
References
External links
Minimum legal age limits online table updated on a rolling basis, International Alliance for Responsible Drinking
Alcohol law
Drinking culture
Juvenile law
Drinking age
Lists by country
Drinking age |
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