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The 1948–49 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1948–49 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Malcolm S. Eiken, coaching his third season with the Bulls.
Schedule
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References
Buffalo Bulls men's basketball seasons
Buffalo
Buffalo Bulls
Buffalo Bulls |
Danilo Santarsiero (born March 30, 1979) is an Italian bobsledder who has competed since 2004. His best Bobsleigh World Cup finish was third in the two-man event at Lake Placid in December 2006.
Santarsiero's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 14th in the four-man event at Altenberg in 2008.
He finished tied for ninth in the four-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
References
1979 births
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Italian male bobsledders
Living people
Olympic bobsledders for Italy
Bobsledders of Fiamme Oro
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Nasha Niva (, lit. "Our field") is one of the oldest Belarusian weekly newspapers, founded in 1906 and re-established in 1991. Nasha Niva became a cultural symbol, due to the newspaper's importance as a publisher of Belarusian literature and as a pioneer of Belarusian language journalism, the years before the October Revolution are often referred to as the 'Nasha Niva Period'.
In the period between 1906 and 1915 the newspaper was published on a weekly basis. From 1991 to 1995 it appeared once a month, reverting to weekly publication in 1996 and then fortnightly in 1997–1999. In 1999 the paper became a weekly again.
Nasha Niva Online (nn.by) was set up in 1997. By 2017 it became the most frequently visited website in the Belarusian language.
According to Media IQ estimation, Nasha Niva remains free of state propaganda and keeps one of the highest ratings in journalism ethics among Belarusian media. Being in open opposition to Alexander Lukashenko's regime, the newspaper was cracked down by the government numerous times, received huge fines and was excluded from state circulation. The editors and journalists were arrested, questioned and beaten by the police and KGB officers.
As of 2020 the editor-in-chief is Jahor Marcinovič, who succeeded Andrej Dyńko.
On July 8, 2021, the newspaper's website was blocked by the authorities. The editor-in-chief Yahor Martsinovich and editor Andrej Skurko were detained, their homes and the office being searched. On July 13 the publication announced its closure in Belarus due to growing pressure from the authorities. The employees were advised to move abroad. The editor's office claimed that they would try to re-launch the newspaper outside Belarus. The new website was launched on July 29, 2021; the content was uploaded from the publication's social networks and Telegram channel.
On January 27, 2022, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus declared Nasha Niva 'an extremist formation'. On March 15, 2022, Marcinovič and Skurko were sentenced to 2.5 years in prison for estimated material damage of 10,000 Belarusian rubles ($3000).
On August 15, 2022, Naša Niva launched a Ukrainian-language Telegram channel, so that Ukrainians could obtain independent and objective information from Belarus.
On the occasion of the International Mother Language Day (February 21) in 2023, a machine-converted website edition of Naša Niva in Łacinka (that is, the Belarusian Latin alphabet) was launched.
History
1906–1915
Nasha Niva was inspired by Iskra, a political newspaper, published by the RSDLP since 1901. At the BSA conference in June 1906 Belarusian journalist Anton Łuckevič announced his intention to create a party newspaper. The co-founders were his brother Ivan and Alaksandar Ułasaŭ, a landowner from the Mihaŭka estate near Minsk, who was for many years the newspaper's publisher and editor. The name for the publication was taken from a poem by Janka Lučyna "Роднай старонцы" ("To Fatherland"). The first issue was published on 23 November 1906, under the editorship of titular counselor Zigmund Volsky. Since the fifth issue from 8 December 1906, the chief editor was Alexander Vlasov.
In the first three years, the newspaper published 960 reports from 489 areas, 246 poems by 61 authors, and 91 articles by 36 special reporters. Only in 1910 "Nasha Niva" published 666 various correspondence from 427 people. "Nasha Niva" covered a wide range of political, economic, and cultural issues. Every issue included the following sections: government actions, political review, life of the countryside, life of the city, feuilletons, the newest literary works in Belarusian, correspondence, news from Russia and Lithuania, book digest, history notes, notes on agriculture, applied mechanics, personal ad.
The newspaper saw as its main task the consolidation of a Belarusian political nation. It was also – as was observed at the time – the first source of information to be free of government interference. The editors office also strived to preserve and promote Belarusian culture. National civil society rallied around the newspaper; numerous agricultural initiatives, youth groups and publishing houses used it as a voice to promote their activities. In 1911 its circulation was about 3,000. Up to October 1912, the newspaper was printed both in Cyrillic and Latin scripts. From the 43 issue of 24 October 1912, the publication completely switched to the Cyrillic alphabet. A subscription for a year cost 5 roubles, the price for one issue was 5 kopecks.
The newspaper's defence of national interests provoked attacks by the Russian censorship throughout its existence. Even a discussion on agrarian topics organised in 1907 – including an article entitled 'The Land Question in New Zealand' – was found 'seditious' and 'disrespectful of the government'. The editor, Alaksandar Ułasaŭ, was tried and imprisoned. On several occasions, the entire run of a particular issue was confiscated and the editors were compelled to pay fines.
Editors office
Subscribers and correspondents of the newspaper became central figures of national political and intellectual life, e.g. Ciška Hartny (pseudonym of Źmicier Žyłunovič), one of the first leaders of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, or Branisłaŭ Taraškievič, political leader in the Western Belarus and author of the first printed grammar of the Belarusian language.
One of the major figures behind the formulation of the newspaper's political goals was Ivan Łuckevič from Minsk, founder of the famous Belarusian Museum in Vilnius and sponsor of numerous political and cultural projects. Working alongside him was his brother, Anton Łuckevič, whose ideas were decisive in the formation of the programme of the Belarusian Socialist Party (Hramada). He would eventually become the Prime Minister of the Belarusian People's Republic. Vacłaŭ Łastoŭski, another future Prime Minister of the Belarusian People's Republic, became secretary of the newspaper in 1909 and in the years 1912—1913 acted as its de facto editor. He was in charge of the historical agenda, which was one of the main topics in Nasha Niva. Janka Kupała, a famous poet, became the newspaper's editor in March 1914. The editors office located on , 14. Kupała continued in this role until the Autumn of 1915 when Vilnius was occupied by the Germans and normal life in Belarus came to a standstill.
By early 1909 the editors office included six permanent employees – Łuckevič brothers, Alaksandar Ułasaŭ, Vacłaŭ Łastoŭski, Janka Kupała and . In the Summer of 1909 they were joined by . However, the group was divided into two parts. Łuckevič brothers and Ułasaŭ were the so-called 'Upper House of Parliament', they used the separated room and communicated to others by notes that were put through a slot under the door. The 'Upper Parliament' strived to keep the publication alive and receive fees, while the 'Lower Chamber' performed all the everyday tasks. Their articles were published under pseudonyms, all their decisions could be overridden by the 'Upper House' veto. The tense relations between the collaborators are presumably the main reason of Siarhiej Pałujan's suicide in 1910. According to the archives, in 1909 the newspaper had subscribers even in Prague, Paris, Lviv and USA.
Anton Łuckevič, Alaksandar Ułasaŭ, Branisłaŭ Taraškievič, Źmicier Žyłunovič and Vacłaŭ Łastoŭski all fell victims of the Soviet repressions in the 1930s.
Belarusian Language
According to some research, in the early 20th century the Belarusian language was mostly used by the peasantry and neglected by intelligence and upper classes. "Nasha Niva" introduced standards of usage into the Belarusian literary language. It was actively involved in both the creation of classical Belarusian literature and the evolution of the idea of Belarusian statehood. One of the newspaper's characteristic features was the strong interactive relationship that it built with readers. There were more than three thousand permanent and temporary correspondents who submitted information to the editor. A large number of contributors from various regions of Belarus were involved in the publication of both journalistic pieces and literary works. This provided a unique opportunity to re-establish the literary language by establishing norms of usage that were the most widespread throughout the country as a whole. The newspaper thereby played an invaluable role in fixing the orthography, grammar and word-formation patterns of the modern Belarusian language. Jakub Kołas, a classic of Belarusian literature, was an active contributor to "Nasha Niva". It was also "Nasha Niva" that discovered the works of Maksim Bahdanovič and Źmitrok Biadula. It published the writings of many prominent intellectual figures, including Janka Kupała, Anton Łuckevič, Maksim Bahdanovič and Vacłaŭ Łastoŭski.
Nasha Niva realised the unpopularity of the Belarusian language among rural populations. As the main step to improve the issue it promoted education in Belarusian and advocated people's right to use their native language in schools and in church.
Issues from 1906 to 1912 used both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets simultaneously (with the subheading: Printed weekly in Russian and in Polish letters (in Latin script: Wychodzić szto tydzień ruskimi i polskimi literami)).
Publishing
The newspaper became the centre of intellectual life, it acted as the focal point for the independent cultural and social projects that grew up around it. Since 1907 the editors office has been engaged in book publishing. "Nasha Niva" performed the coordinating function of a publishing centre. Especially popular were the annual Belarusian Calendars, almanacs in which readers could find not only the usual kind of day-to-day information but also literary works. The publishing centre also published books, both original and in translation. A satirical magazine 'Krapiva' (Nettles) was published in Vilnia in 1912, and the agricultural department of Nasha Niva grew into the independent 'Sacha' (Wooden Plough) magazine published in Minsk from the end of 1913.
Under the newspaper's auspices one of "Nasha Niva" founders, Ivan Łuckevič, began to collect artefacts for the future Belarusian National Museum. Most of it is currently stored in the National History Museum of Lithuania. Staff of the newspaper helped Ihnat Bujnicki form the first Belarusian theatre company. More than 1 mln copies of the newspaper were published between 1906 and 1915. The scale of the work accomplished by "Nasha Niva" has allowed historians and researchers of culture to define early 20th century Belarusian culture as the 'Nasha Niva period' when referring to the quantitative and qualitative changes in the development of modern culture and society.
First World War
In 1914 Nasha Niva could no longer criticize the government that was at war because such opposition could be perceived as unloyalty to the state. The newspaper published articles and reports on patriotic actions of ordinary Belarusians, but its editorial position didn't demonstrate any support to the Russian military. The Russian army was described as alien as the German one.
With the outbreak of war Nasha Niva issues halved in volume. Since the Autumn of 1914, the blank spaces appeared on its pages, left by the state censors. The last issue was published in the Summer of 1915 when the majority of the staff were called to active military service.
Revival Attempt in 1920
The first attempt to revive the newspaper was made by Maksim Harecki in Vilnia in 1920. The first issue of the revived Nasha Niva, now described as a socio-political and literature daily newspaper, appeared on 28 October 1920, soon after the beginning of Żeligowski's Mutiny. From the 4th issue, the editor-in-chief was Viačasłaŭ Znamiaroǔski. In December 1920 the newspaper was banned again, this time by the Polish military censorship.
1991 Revival in Vilnius
The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the rapid growth of the independence movement in Belarus made it possible for the newspaper to be re-established. The publication of Nasha Niva was relaunched by journalist Siarhiej Dubaviec in Vilnius in May 1991.
The revived newspaper came to occupy a special place among other Belarusian periodicals. "Nasha Niva" abandoned the 'defensive strategy' and self-imposed isolation inherent to much of the Belarusian-language media of the Soviet times. The newspaper opened its pages to discussions on universal topics and published numerous translations of foreign literature. The paper discussed two topics in particular: the heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and a possible model of relations between Belarus and other nations of the region. In 2000 Siarhiej Dubaviec resigned, Andrej Dyńko became the new editor-in-chief.
In 1996, the newspaper's editorial office relocated to Minsk, Belarus. The topics covered by "Nasha Niva" shifted from literature and culture towards political and social issues. In 1999 the newspaper became a weekly once more. In 2002 the volume increased from 12 to 16 pages weekly, and in 2005 to 24. At its peak the print run reached 8,000. Following pressure from the state and denial of access to the national press distribution system, "Nasha Niva" changed to a pocket format and increased the number of pages to 48. The circulation decreased to 2,200 copies.
In 2006 "Nasha Niva" decided to expand its online version, Andrej Skurko headed the web department, Andrej Dyńko became the new chief of the paper edition. In the 1990s work began on the production of a facsimile edition of the issues of the newspaper that appeared in the years between 1906 and 1915. At the same time material has been collected for the compilation of a dictionary of the language used in those early years of "Nasha Niva".
On July 31, 2023, the European Parliament passed a resolution in which it asks the European Commission and the Member States, to strengthen Belarusian media outlets, including Nasha Niva.
State pressure
Since 1995 and especially in the 2000s, "Nasha Niva" has faced pressure from the authoritarian regime of Alexander Lukashenko. The paper was persecuted for using the traditional Belarusian orthography (Taraškievica). In 1998 the newspaper won a trial in court and got permission to continue using the classical orthography. "Nasha Niva" used the classical spelling until 2008; it then shifted to the spelling taught in schools in order to 'improve communication between intellectuals and the public', as an editorial on the topic made clear at the time.
In 2005 the authorities banned distribution of the newspaper through the Belarusian postal system and the official distribution agency which delivered the paper to shops and newsstands. The circulation dropped from 3500 to 2000 copies. Only in 2006 the publication received four official warnings for not indicating the legal address. In fact, four different leaseholders broke the contracts with the editors office without any notification or explanation as soon as "Nasha Niva" notified the Information Ministry about their agreements.
Between 2006 and 2008 the newspaper had to be distributed by volunteers. For this reason, the newspaper switched to A4 format, so it would be easier to put into bags and envelopes.
"Nasha Niva" has been tried in court and fined on many occasions, with the KGB conducting searches both in the newspaper's office and the journalists personally. In 2006 the newspaper's Chief Editor, Andrej Dyńko was arrested and spent 10 days in prison. After his arrest Minsk authorities issued an official statement that the distribution of Nasha Niva in the city 'was inappropriate'. On 29 April 2006, 300 activists organized a rally in support of Nasha Niva at the Oktyabrskaya square, 10 people were arrested. In March 2008 the police attacked and arrested journalists Syamyon Pechanko and Andrei Lyankevich, while they were reporting from a rally in Minsk. Pechanko was accused for organization of the rally and received 15 days in prison.
In 2008 the Belarusian government took a course on the liberalization of the media, following requirements of European Union. At the end of 2008 "Nasha Niva" and "Narodnaya Volya" were allowed back to the state subscription and retail via newsstands. Soon "Nasha Niva" switched from bw to colour print, its circulation grew to 6000. However, as soon as in 2010 almost half of the July print run was confiscated and destroyed by the government. The censored issue had an article on Russian NTV documentary 'The Godfather' about Alexander Lukashenko which was considered a 'propaganda strike' against the Belarusian president. In December 2010 the editors office was searched by the KGB, all office equipment had been confiscated. The searches were also done in Andrej Skurko apartment.
2010s
By 2010 the web-portal Nasha Niva became the most popular internet resource in the Belarusian language. According to statistics drawn up by Google Analytics, in 2017 monthly visitors of NN.by exceeded 600,000, more than 7,000,000 pages were viewed. Approximately 84% of the visits were from Belarus, 49% are from Minsk.
In 2011, Źmicier Pankaviec was appointed editor of the weekly paper edition. "Nasha Niva" had circulation around 8000, 50% were distributed by subscription. On 11 April 2011, the terrorist bombing took place at a Minsk Underground. "Nasha Niva" covered the events and the aftermath. Later the publication was accused of making false statements by the Information Ministry. The editors office, private apartments of the staff were searched, the journalists were questioned the general prosecutor's office, and the Belarusian security service, known as the KGB. "Nasha Niva" wrote that one of the victims was left in the station up to late evening, the authorities considered that information to be false and compromising. On 27 April 2011, the Ministry of Information instituted legal proceedings to close "Nasha Niva" and Narodnaya Volya newspapers. The International resonance forces the authorities to close the cases in early June. The Ministry initiated claims on administrative offences against the newspapers, both investigations ended with 14 mln Belarusian roubles fines to the publications. According to BAJ deputy director Andrej Bastuniec, since 2012 the situation with freedom of speech and media in Belarus stagnated on a very low level.
In 2012 Andrej Dyńko was banned from travelling abroad, only after six formal complaints to the authorities he was excluded from the blacklist.
In 2017 "Nasha Niva" became the third among most popular media in Belarus and launched Nasha Nina web project for female audiences (the title is based on a wordplay – Nina is a female name). On 1 March 2017, chief editor Andrej Skurko resigned, his position was taken by Jahor Marcinovič. Skurko remained deputy editor-in-chief. By 2018, the editors office included 12 journalists. Nasha Niva on paper was published monthly in 3000 print runs. The price of one newspaper was 2.5 Belarusian roubles.
2020s
The newspaper extensively covered the months of nationwide protests after the 2020 Belarusian presidential election. On July 8, 2021, the newspaper's website was blocked by the authorities. The editor-in-chief Yahor Martsinovich and editor Andrey Skurko were detained, their homes and the office were searched. Martsinovich was beaten during the arrest, he suffered head injury. In a few days, Martsinovich and Skurko were charged in a criminal case on July 14. In jail Skurko, who has achrestic diabetes, was left without medication for 13 days. There he came in contact with SARS-CoV-2 and was diagnosed with COVID-19.
In November 2021, Nasha Niva's Telegram channel and its social networks were declared extremist materials. In January 2022, the KGB declared Nasha Niva an extremist formation. Creation of an extremist formation or participation in it is a criminal offence in Belarus.
Online newspaper
On 11 May 2016, the editors office announced that Nasha Niva will concentrate on the Internet version, while the paper one will keep publishing on a monthly basis. However, the fundraising to support the paper edition didn't succeed. On 6 June 2018, the editors office announced the closure of paper runs and complete transfer to the web. According to "Nasha Niva" statistics, in May 2018 its web portal was visited by 475,000 unique users, 7.1 mln of pages were read. The audience mostly consisted of people of age 25–35, 60% of NN.by visitors were male.
In February 2018 the website was attacked by bots, in March 2019 "Nasha Niva" social media accounts were attacked from Belarusian IP address. In June 2020 "Nasha Niva" lost its domain name nn.by to the delay in payment. According to the state's law, the unpaid domains go up for auction on the next day after payment expiry. The newspaper continued operating at Nashaniva.by web address. The original domain was restored on 30 June 2020.
Like many other independent media websites, NN.by was shut down on 8 August 2020, when the presidential elections in Belarus took place. During the anti-Lukashenko riots in Minsk "Nasha Niva" journalist Natalla Łubnieǔskaja was shot with a rubber bullet by the police. Jahor Marcinovič was arrested on 11 August on his way home from the protests rally in Minsk. During the questioning he was severely beaten by law enforcement officers.
As of September 9, 2021, Yahor Martsinovich was imprisoned and faced criminal charges under the article 216 part 2 (Asset Damage without Stealing). On January 27, 2022, Nasha Niva was declared 'an extremist formation' by the state Ministry of Internal Affairs. On March 15, 2022, Marcinovič and Skurko were sentenced to 2.5 years in prison for estimated material damage of 10,000 Belarusian rubles ($3000). According to the investigators, in May 2017 they opened offices in Skurko's apartment but kept paying for electricity as individuals, while Belarusian law obliges legal persons to pay increased rates.
Editors in chief
Alaksandar Ułasaŭ (founder, editor in 1906–1912);
Vacłaŭ Łastoŭski (1912–1913);
Janka Kupała (1914–1915);
Siarhiej Dubaviec (1991–1999);
Andrej Dyńko (2000–2006);
Andrej Skurko (2006–2017);
Jahor Marcinovič (Martsinovich), recipient of the national award for investigative journalism several years in succession, became chief editor in 2017.
Awards
Chief editor Andrej Dyńko received International Award "Freedom of Speech" and Lorenzo Natali Prize in 2006;
Gerd Bucerius Press Prize (2007)
I Love Belarus (2010)
Andrej Dyńko got first prize in 'Belarus in Focus' journalist contest (2013);.
Egor Martinovich received 'Press Freedom' award by Reporters Without Borders (2015);
Egor Martinovich and Dmitry Pankaviec received BAJ 'Volnaye Slova' Award (2015);
Natallia Lubneuskaya got the Free Media Award (2021).
Gallery
References
Sources
External links
Nasha Niva Online
Interview with Andrey Dynko
The Prague Society for International Cooperation
The History of Naša Niva from 1906 to the Present Day
Newspapers published in Belarus
Newspapers published in the Russian Empire
Newspapers established in 1906
Publications disestablished in 1915
Newspapers established in 1991
Belarusian-language newspapers
Belarusian news websites
Mass media in Minsk
1906 establishments in the Russian Empire
Censorship in Belarus
Free Media Awards winners |
Dimas Sumantri (born 17 November 1995) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a full-back.
Honours
Club
PSMS Medan
Liga 2 runner-up: 2017
International
Indonesia U-19
AFF U-19 Youth Championship: 2013
References
External links
Dimas Sumantri at Liga Indonesia
1995 births
Living people
Indonesian men's footballers
Footballers from North Sumatra
PSDS Deli Serdang players
Semen Padang F.C. players
PSMS Medan players
PSKC Cimahi players
Liga 2 (Indonesia) players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Men's association football defenders
Indonesia men's youth international footballers
21st-century Indonesian people |
Sylvia Wishart FRSA (11 February 1936 – 4 December 2008) was a Scottish landscape artist.
Early life
Wishart was born and raised in Stromness, Orkney. She grew up as a neighbor to poet George Mackay Brown.
Career
Wishart worked in the post office, but painted as a hobby. She was eventually persuaded to train at Gray's School of Art in Aberdeen, where she shared a flat with fellow Orcadian, jewellery designer Ola Gorie. From 1969 to 1987 she taught painting and drawing at Gray's. Her drawings illustrated George Mackay Brown's An Orkney Tapestry, published in 1969.
In 2005, Wishart was made a full member of the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1992, 2007 and 2011, the Pier Art Centre in Orkney held shows of her works.
Many of her paintings and drawings depicted landscapes and seascapes in Orkney, especially views of Hoy Sound from her cottage window. Later works incorporate mixed media techniques. Artists' patron Margaret Gardiner was a friend.
Personal life and legacy
Wishart and Brown had a long friendship involving frequent drinking, occasional violence, and Roman Catholicism (they converted together). She died in 2008, aged 72 years.
Works by Wishart are in the collections of Robert Gordon University, the Royal Scottish Academy, the Pier Art Centre, the University of Leeds, the Scottish Maritime Museum, and other institutions. A book about Wishart, Sylvia Wishart: A Study, was published in 2012. Also in 2012, the Royal Scottish Academy held an exhibition of Wishart's works. A documentary film, Reflections – The Life and Art of Sylvia Wishart (2011), featured interviews with her colleagues and friends.
References
1936 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Scottish women artists
Alumni of Gray's School of Art
British art teachers
People from Orkney |
is a Japanese management and entertainment company founded by the six original members of Japanese boy group Exile in 2003. The president is Hiroyuki Igarashi, the leader of the Exile. The name "LDH" is an acronym of "Love + Dream + Happiness". The company operates several boy bands and girl groups and a talent school named "EXPG".
In January 2017, the company changed its name to LDH Japan and established overseas branches in United States, Asia, and Europe. They established a new company called LDH World, the parent company of the four branches. For LDH World, Hiro took on the role of chief creative officer, while Verbal, NIGO and Dr. Romanelli (aka DRx) were appointed as executive creative directors. Masataka Mori was appointed as the CEO of LDH Japan, Makoto Matsuda as the CEO of LDH Asia, Afrojack as the CEO of LDH Europe and Hirotaka Mori as the CEO of LDH USA.
Artists
Current
Groups
Exile
Exile The Second
Sandaime J Soul Brothers from Exile Tribe
Generations from Exile Tribe
The Rampage from Exile Tribe
Fantastics from Exile Tribe
Ballistik Boyz from Exile Tribe
Psychic Fever from Exile Tribe
Lil League from Exile Tribe
Kid Phenomenon from Exile Tribe
The Jet Boy Bangerz from Exile Tribe
Wolf Howl Harmony from Exile Tribe
Deep Squad
Doberman Infinity
PKCZ(R)
M-Flo
Honest Boyz
Samurize from Exile Tribe
Dance Earth Party
Girls²
iScream
Lucky²
SG5
Moonchild (co managed by HYBE Labels Japan)
Rag Pound
Kick & Slide
3 Lemon Siblings (Remon San Kyōdai; レモン三兄妹)
Soloists
Exile Atsushi
Exile Takahiro
Exile Shokichi
Dream Ami
Dream Shizuka
Hiroomi Tosaka
Ryuji Imaichi
Takanori Iwata
CrazyBoy
Sway
Verbal
Crystal Kay
Jay'ed
Miyavi
Sho Aoyagi
Rei
Actors
Akihisa Shiono
Yuki Sakurai
Kentaro Maeda
Hayato Onozuka
Kanta Sato
Keita Machida
Yuzuki Hirakawa
Taichi Saotome
Nobuyuki Suzuki
Anna Ishii
Nonoka Yamaguchi
Karen Fujii
Yuta Ozawa
Shintaro Akiyama
Masayasu Yagi
Don Lee
Sho Aoyagi
MATSU
Toshiki Noiri
Kousei Amano
Kyosuke Kurokawa
Former
Groups
Dream
E-girls
Flower
Happiness
Love
lovely²
Oha Girl from Girls² / Lucky²
MABU
mirage²
NEVER LAND (Hip-hop Unit)
Paradise Go!! Go!!
Parc Manther
Rather Unique
Rootless
ShuuKaRen
SudannaYuzuYully
Soloists
Yui Nakazaki
Raine Kawane
Sherry
NaNa
Kiko Mizuhara
Ken Harada
Ceyren
Kouko
Haru Natsuko
ia
Yuika Nakano
Seira Yoshida
Yosuke Isomura
Rowland Kirishima
Atsushi Yanaka
Yosuke Kishi
Mao Ueda
Jun Hasegawa
Jonte
Breathe
Kyosuke Harukawa
Tatsuro Mashiko
Akiko Monō
Sayaka Shionoya
Risa Matsumoto
Rome Kanda
Noma
Tomohiro Nagatsuka
Kei Otozuki
Airi Kido
Monica Sahara
Shimada Zen
Teresa Sakura
Hiroyuki Takaya
EXPG
EXPG Studio is a talent school that trains people who want to become artists in the field of dancing, singing, acting or modelling. The name "EXPG" is an acronym for "Exile Professional Gym", deriving from its founders.
The first EXPG Studio opened in October 2003 in Tokyo and since then the schools expanded around the globe. There are currently 12 schools at different locations in Japan, 3 schools located in other countries (2 in the USA and 1 in Taiwan) and an online school.
In 2019, LDH announced EXPG High School in collaboration with Kadokawa Dwango Gakuen N High School. The school allows pupils to earn a high school diploma while studying class. Exile Tetsuya serves as chancellor.
References
External links
LDH
Entertainment companies established in 2003
Talent agencies based in Tokyo
Japanese companies established in 2003
Meguro
LDH (company) artists
Japanese talent agencies |
Zero copula is a linguistic phenomenon whereby the subject is joined to the predicate without overt marking of this relationship (like the copula "to be" in English). One can distinguish languages that simply do not have a copula and languages that have a copula that is optional in some contexts.
Many languages exhibit this in some contexts, including Assamese, Bengali, Kannada, Malay/Indonesian, Turkish, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi, Guarani, Kazakh, Turkmen, Japanese, Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian, Tatar, Azerbaijani, Swahili, Hungarian, Hebrew, Arabic, Berber, Ganda, Hawaiian, Sinhala, Irish, Welsh, Nahuatl, Māori, Mongolian, Greenlandic, Lithuanian, Latvian, Polish, Slovak, Quechua and American Sign Language.
Dropping the copula is also found, to a lesser extent, in English and many other languages, used most frequently in rhetoric, casual speech, non-standard varieties, and headlinese, the writing style used in newspaper headlines. Sometimes, these omissions cause unintended syntactic ambiguity.
In English
Standard English exhibits a few limited forms of the zero copula. One is found in comparative correlatives like "the bigger, the better" and "the more the merrier". However, no known natural language lacks this structure, and it is not clear how a comparative is joined with its correlate in this kind of copula. Zero copula also appears in casual questions and statements like "you from out of town?" and "enough already!" where the verb (and more) may be omitted due to syncope. It can also be found, in a slightly different and more regular form, in the headlines of English newspapers, where short words and articles are generally omitted to conserve space. For example, a headline would more likely say "Parliament at a standstill" than "Parliament is at a standstill". Because headlines are generally simple, in "A is B" statements, an explicit copula is rarely necessary.
Zero copulae are very common in sports announcing: "Johnson already with two hits today." "Unitas with a lot of time."
The zero copula is far more common in some varieties of Caribbean creoles and African American Vernacular English, where phrases like "where you at?", and "who she?" can occur. As in Russian and Arabic, the copula can only be omitted in the present tense; the copula can only be omitted in African American Vernacular English where it can be contracted in Standard American English.
In other languages
Omission frequently depends on the tense and use of the copula.
Assamese
In Assamese zero copula is usually used in the present tense with a prepositional phrase or the adverb 'here' or 'there'. For example, in the sentence, (, "We are here"), the copula () is omitted.
Russian
In Russian the copula () is normally omitted in the present tense, but not in the past and "future tenses":
Present (omitted):
(, "She at home"), literally "She is now at home, in the house"
Past (used):
(, "She was at home")
The third person plural (, "are") is still used in some standard phrases, but since it is a homonym of the noun "essence", most native speakers do not notice it to be a verb:
(, "they are one and the same").
The verb () is the infinitive of "to be". The third person singular, (), means "is" (and it is a homophone of the infinitive "to eat"). As a copula, it can be inflected into the past (, ), "future" (, ), and conditional (, ) forms. A present tense (, ) exists; however, it is almost never used as a copula, but rather omitted altogether or replaced by the verb (, "to be in essence"). Thus one can say:
(, "she was a beautiful woman")—predicate noun in instrumental case.
(, "she is a beautiful woman")—predicate noun in the nominative case.
(, "she is a beautiful woman")—predicate noun also in instrumental.
But not usually:
(, "she is a beautiful woman"), which would be very formal and would suggest something more than a copula, something more existential than the normal English use of "is". As a result, this construction is quite rare.
But in some cases the verb in the present tense (form ) is employed: (Be who you are).
The present tense of the copula in Russian was in common use well into the 19th century (as attested in the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky) but is now used only for archaic effect (analogous to "thou art" in English).
Turkic languages
There is a contrast between the regular verb "to be" () and the copulative/auxiliary verb "to be" () in Turkish.
The auxiliary verb shows its existence only through suffixes to predicates that can be nouns, adjectives or arguably conjugated verb stems, arguably being the only irregular verb in Turkish. In the third person, zero copula is the rule, as in Hungarian or Russian. For example:
{| border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"
| align=left | || align=right | || align=left |
|-
|
| "[The] sea [is] blue." || (the auxiliary verb is implied only);
|-
|
| "I am blue." || (the auxiliary verb appears in .)
|}
The essential copula is possible in the third person singular:
{| border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"
| align=left | || align=right | || align=left |
|-
|
| "[The] sea is (always, characteristically) blue."
|}
In Tatar, expresses doubt rather than a characteristic. The origin of is the verb , with a similar meaning to the Latin .
In the modern Tatar language copula is a disappearing grammatical phenomenon and is only rarely used with the first and second person (while the third person copula has fallen completely out of use). In the past there was a full paradigm for all persons:
{| border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="1"
| align=left | || align=right | || align=left |
|-
|
| Singular || Plural
|-
| I person
| -мын/-мен || -быз/-без
|-
| II person
| -сың/-сең || -сыз/-сез
|-
| III person
| -дыр/-дер (-тыр/тер) || -дыр/-дер (-тыр/тер)
|}
For example: (, "I'm a teacher"), (, "You're a teacher"), (, "He/She's a teacher"). While the copulas for the first and second person are historically derived from personal pronouns, the third person copula comes from the verb (, "stand, live, exist"). For negation the copula affix is attached to the negative particle (): (, "I'm not a writer"). The copula is only used with nouns. Sometimes the noun can be in the locative case: (, "You are at home").
Japanese
In Japanese, the copula is not used with predicative adjectives, such as . It is sometimes omitted with predicative nouns and adjectival nouns in non-past tense, such as , but is necessary for marking past tense or negation, as in . It is also sometimes omitted in wh-questions, such as .
Māori
In Māori, the zero copula can be used in predicative expressions and with continuous verbs (many of which take a copulative verb in many Indo-European languages) — , literally "a big the house", "the house (is) big"; , literally "at (past locative particle) the table the book", "the book (was) on the table"; , literally "from England (s)he", "(s)he (is) from England"; , literally "at the (act of) eating I", "I (am) eating"
Arabic
In Arabic, a Semitic language, the use of the zero copula again depends on the context. In the present tense affirmative, when the subject is definite and the predicate is indefinite, the subject is simply juxtaposed with its predicate. When both the subject and the predicate are definite, a pronoun (agreeing with the subject) may be inserted between the two. For example:
(), "Muhammad is an engineer" (lit. "Muhammad an-engineer")
(), "Muhammad is the engineer' (lit. "Muhammad he the-engineer")
The extra pronoun is highly recommended in order for one not to confuse the predicate for a qualifying adjective:
(), "Muhammad the engineer'
(This is just a noun phrase with no copula. See al- for more on the use of definite and indefinite nouns in Arabic and how it affects the copula.)
In the past tense, however, or in the present tense negative, the verbs and are used, which take the accusative case:
(), "Muhammad was an engineer' ( = "(he) was") (literally "be it Muhammad an-engineer")
(), "Muhammad is not an engineer' (lit. "Muhammad is not an-engineer")
When the copula is expressed with a verb, no pronoun need be inserted, regardless of the definiteness of the predicate:
(), "Muhammad is not the engineer' (lit. "Muhammad is not of the-engineer")
Hebrew, another Semitic language, uses zero copula in a very similar way.
Ganda
The Ganda verb "to be", , is used in only two cases: when the predicate is a prepositional phrase and when the subject is a pronoun and the predicate is an adjective:
, "She is beautiful' (, "(he/she) is")
, "Kintu is in the car" (literally "Kintu he-is in-car")
Otherwise, the zero copula is used:
, "The girl is beautiful" (literally "the-girl beautiful")
Here the word , "beautiful" is missing its initial vowel pre-prefix . If included, it would make the adjective qualify the noun attributively:
, "The beautiful girl' or "a beautiful girl".
American Sign Language
American Sign Language does not have a copula. For example, "my hair is wet" is signed my hair wet, and "my name is Pete" may be signed [MY NAME]topic P-E-T-E.
Irish
The copula is used in Irish but may be omitted in the present tense. For example, ("He is a big man") can be expressed as simply . The common phrase (meaning "anyhow", lit. "Whatever story it [is]") also omits the copula.
Welsh
The fact that Welsh often requires the use of a predicative particle to denote non-definite predicates means that the copula can be omitted in certain phrases. For example, the phrase ("Since he is/was/etc. a short man...") literally translates as "And he [particle] a short man...". The zero copula is especially common in Welsh poetry of the style.
Amerindian languages
Nahuatl, as well as some other Amerindian languages, has no copula. Instead of using a copula, it is possible to conjugate nouns or adjectives like verbs.
Grammarians and other comparative linguists, however, do not consider this to constitute a zero copula but rather an affixal copula. Affixal copulae are not unique to Amerindian languages but can be found, for instance, in Korean and in the Eskimo languages.
Many indigenous languages of South America do, however, have true zero copulae in which no overt free or bound morpheme is present when one noun is equated with another. In fact, zero-copula is likely to occur in third-person contexts in Southern Quechua (notice wasiqa hatunmi 'the house is big' vs. wasiqa hatunmi kan 'the house is big', where kan, the Quechua copula, is not really needed, as suggested by the first sentence).
Yaghan, from Tierra del Fuego, used, in its heyday back in the mid-19th century, zero copula as one option, when introducing new participants in discourse, but had a slew of posture-based copular verbs for all other contexts. So I could say, kvnji-u:a Jon (lit. 'this man IS John'(zero copula). kvnji 'this', u:a 'man' (v here is schwa, and colon marks tenseness of the vowel preceding it), but once John has been introduced I might say, Jon lvpatvx-wvshta:gu:a mu:ta 'John is a woodworker', lvpatvx 'wood' (x voiceless velar fricative), wvshta:gu: 'work' u:a 'man', mu:ta irregular present tense form of mu:tu: 'to be (sitting) (or occupied doing)'
Chinese
Modern Standard Chinese, as well as many other Chinese dialects, uses a copula, such as the Mandarin word shì (是), before nouns in predications, like in Wŏ shì Zhōngguó rén (我是中国人 / I am Chinese), but not usually before verbs or adjectives. For example, saying Wǒ shì kāixīn (我是开心 / I am happy) is a grammatically incorrect sentence, but saying Wǒ kāixīn (我开心 / I happy), is correct. Adverbs can be added to the adjective, like in Wǒ hĕn kāixīn (我很开心 / I very happy). A copula may be used for adjectives, however, if the particle de (的) is added after the adjective, like in Wǒ shì kāixīn de (我是开心的).
Vietnamese
Somewhat similar to Chinese, the Vietnamese language requires the copula before nouns in predications but does not use a copula before verbs or adjectives, thus (I am a student) but (I [am] smart). The topic marker may appear before an adjective to emphasize the subject, for example (As for me, I am smart). Many prepositions in Vietnamese originated as verbs and continue to function as verbs in sentences that would use a copula in English. For example, in (I am at home), the word may be analyzed as either "to be at" or simply "at".
See also
Turkish copula
Zero copula in Hungarian
Double copula or copula duplication; used in some styles of English
Pro-drop languages, in which a subject pronoun is commonly omitted or implied
References
Literature
Wolfram, Walter (1969) A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics p. 165-179
Nonstandard English grammar
Verb types
Zero (linguistics)
br:Verb-stagañ mann
he:אוגד#העדר אוגד |
Amyoplasia is a condition characterized by a generalized lack in the newborn of muscular development and growth, with contracture and deformity that affect at least two joints. It is the most common form of arthrogryposis.
It is characterized by the four limbs being involved, and by the replacement of skeletal muscle by dense fibrous and adipose tissue. Studies involving amyoplasia have revealed similar findings of the muscle tissue due to various causes including that seen in sacral agenesis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. So amyoplasia may also include an intermediate common pathway, rather than the primary cause of the contractors.
Signs and symptoms
Amyoplasia results when a fetus is unable to move sufficiently in the womb. Mothers of children with the disorder often report that their baby was abnormally still during the pregnancy. The lack of movement in utero (also known as fetal akinesia) allows extra connective tissue to form around the joints and, therefore, the joints become fixed. This extra connective tissue replaces muscle tissue, leading to weakness and giving a wasting appearance to the muscles. Additionally, due to the lack of fetal movement, the tendons that connect the muscles to bone are not able to stretch to their normal length and this contributes to the lack of joint mobility as well.
Causes
There is no single factor that is consistently found in the prenatal history of individuals affected with amyoplasia and, in some cases, there is no known cause of the disorder.
Amyoplasia is a sporadic condition that occurs due to lack of fetal movement in the womb. There is no specific gene that is known to cause the disorder. It is thought to be multifactorial, meaning that numerous genes and environmental factors play a role in its development. The recurrence risk is minimal for siblings or children of affected individuals. There have been no reports of recurrent cases of amyoplasia in a family.
The fetal akinesia in amyoplasia is thought to be caused by various maternal and fetal abnormalities. In some cases, the mother's uterus does not allow for adequate fetal movement because of a lack of amniotic fluid, known as oligohydramnios, or an abnormal shape to the uterus, called a bicornuate uterus.
There may also be a myogenic cause to the fetal akinesia, meaning that fetal muscles do not develop properly due to a muscle disease (for example, a congenital muscular dystrophy). Similarly, connective tissue tendon and skeletal defects may contribute to the fetal akinesia and be the primary cause of amyoplasia. Additionally, malformations may occur in the central nervous system and/or spinal cord that can lead to a lack of fetal movement in utero. This neurogenic cause is often accompanied by a wide range of other conditions. Other causes of fetal akinesia may include a maternal fever during pregnancy or a virus.
Diagnosis
It is the most common form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), where multiple joint contractures are present at birth. Arthrogryposis is derived from the Greek word meaning "with crooking of joints." It occurs in about one out of every 3,000 live births. There are more than 150 types of AMC. Amyoplasia accounts for 40% of AMC cases.
Characteristic appearance
Children with amyoplasia often suffer from internally rotated shoulders, extended elbows, ulnar flexed wrists. The type of displacement of the hips and knees is more variable, and they often have club feet.
About 10% of children with amyoplasia have evidence of vascular compromise including Intestinal atresia, abdominal wall defects, and gastroschisis.
Treatment
Surgery may be necessary to address the congenital deformities frequently occurring in conjunction with arthrogryposis. Surgery on feet, knees, hips, elbows and wrists may also be useful if more range of motion is needed after therapy has achieved maximum results. In some cases, tendon transfers can improve function. Congenital deformities of the feet, hips and spine may require surgical correction at or about one year of age.
Prognosis
Overall prognosis for children with amyoplasia is good. Intensive therapies throughout developing years include physical therapy, occupational therapy and multiple orthopedic procedures. Most children require therapy for years, but almost 2/3 are eventually able to walk, with or without braces, and attend school.
References
Arthrogryposis
Congenital disorders |
Aguas Calientes ("hot waters" in Spanish) is the name of a river in Carabobo state.
Source
The source is associated with the hot springs of Las Trincheras near Valencia.
Visit of Humboldt
The springs were visited in 1800 by Alexander von Humboldt, who measured the temperature. He then followed the river down to the Caribbean coast.
Humboldt published a scientific description of the springs on his return to Europe.
He concluded that they obtained their heat from very deep groundwater circulation.
Railway
The Puerto Cabello and Valencia railway was built in the 1880s following the course of the valley for a considerable part of its route.
It closed in the 1950s, but a new railway is under construction.
Mouth
The river flows into the Caribbean west of Puerto Cabello.
References
Rivers of Carabobo State |
```makefile
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := NativeImageProcessor
LOCAL_LDFLAGS := -Wl,--build-id
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
Android.mk \
Application.mk \
NativeImageProcessor.cpp \
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += src/debug/jni
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += src/main/jni
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
``` |
Vladimir Yakovlevich Stoyunin (, 28 December 1826 — 16 November 1888) was a Saint-Petersburg-born Russian pedagogue, educational theorist, essayist and publicist.
An influential thinker, considered to be heir to Konstantin Ushinsky's legacy, Stoyunin was a pioneering figure in the development of women's education in Russia. His most cherished project was that of a new type of secondary school (in the form of a 7-form Real Gymnasium), free from corporal punishment, social privileges or restrictions, aimed at tutoring the students in the spirit of new, progressive ideas that were coming to Russia from Europe, while warning against mechanically copying Western educational schemes.
Contributing regularly to Biblioteka Dlya Chteniya, Istorichesky Vestnik, Syn Otechestva, Vestnik Evropy and Russkiy Mir (which he edited in 1859–1860) Stoyunin authored numerous reviews and literary essays, mostly on the history of Russian literature, in particular on the works and lives of Antiokh Kantemir, Alexander Sumarokov, Alexander Shishkov and Alexander Pushkin.
Stoyunin read Russian history, language and literature at (and was also a vice-president of) the private Stoyunina Gymnasium, which his wife Maria Nikolayevna had founded.
References
Literature
Boris Glinsky / Глинский Б. Б. Владимир Яковлевич Стоюнин // Исторический вестник, 1889. — Т. 35. — No. 2. — С. 413–444.
Языков Д. Д. Учено-литературные труды В. Я. Стоюнина // Исторический вестник, 1889. — Т. 35. — No. 2. — С. 445–450.
Витберг Ф. А. В. Я. Стоюнин, как педагог и человек: речь Ф. А. Витберга. — СПб., 1899. — 20 с.
Russian male essayists
Russian educational theorists
Writers from Saint Petersburg
1826 births
1888 deaths |
Samthar State was a princely state in India during the British Raj. The state was administered as part of the Bundelkhand Agency of Central India. The state was ruled by Khatana Clan of Gurjars and was entitled to a 13 gun salute. Its capital, known then as Samshergarh, is located in a level plain in the Bundelkhand region crossed by the Pahuj and the Betwa Rivers.
History
The Samthar state of the Khatana dynasty dates back to the 18th century. Established in 1735 by Ranjit Singh l also known as Indrajit in India during the British Raj, Samthar was one of the chiefdoms under the ruler of Datia State, Indrajit. Naune Shah Gurjar, a prominent figure in the region, was among the chiefs who pledged their allegiance to Indrajit, and his son, Madan Singh, was awarded the title Rajdhar and the governorship of Samthar fort by Indrajit.
Madan Singh's son, Devi Singh, was later given a Jagir of five villages, a testament to their loyalty and service to the Datia State. However, it was Devi Singh’s son, Ranjit Singh, who truly left a mark in the annals of Indian history. In 1760, during the troubled times of the Maratha invasion, Ranjit Singh proclaimed his state's independence and was acknowledged as a Raja by the Marathas. In 1817 Samthar was recognized as a state by the British
.They received a sanad of adoption in 1862. In 1884 the state had to cede some territories for the construction of the Betwa Canal. This was a significant milestone in the history of Samthar state, as it marked the beginning of a new era of growth and development.
Over time, Samthar state continued to thrive, and it was recognized as a state by the British. This recognition not only solidified their status but also provided them with the necessary resources and support needed to further develop their state. The Samthar state stands as a proud testament to the resilience and perseverance of its people, who have fought tirelessly to preserve their rich cultural heritage. Their story is a reminder of the importance of unity and determination in the face of adversity, and their legacy will continue to inspire generations to come.
Rulers
The list of rulers of Samthar state is following as:
Raja Ranjit Singh (1735-1745)
Raja Madan Singh (1745-1780)
Raja Vishnu Singh (1780-1805)
Raja Devi Singh (1805-1815)
Maharaja Ranjit Singh ll (1815-1827)
Maharaja Ranjit Singh lll (1827-1850)
Maharaja Hinduput Singh (1850-1865)
Maharaja Chhatar Singh Deo (1865−1896)
Maharaja Bir Singh Judeo (1896−1935)
Maharaja Radha Charan Singh (1935−1950)
Eldest son of the last Maharaja of Samthar State Maharaja Radha Charan Singh, Ranjeet Singh Judeo was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly for 7 times from Garautha Assembly constituency, He had also served as the Home Minister of Uttar Pradesh. He was also the Maternal Uncle of Raghuraj Pratap Singh aka Raja Bhaiyya of Bhadri (estate).
See also
Jhansi District
References
Princely states of Bundelkhand
Jhansi district
Gurjar
Princely states of Uttar Pradesh
Gun salute princely states
Princely states of India |
Henry Czerny ( ; born February 8, 1959) is a Canadian stage, film, and television actor. He is known for his roles in the films The Boys of St. Vincent, Mission: Impossible, Clear and Present Danger, The Ice Storm, The Exorcism of Emily Rose, Fido, Remember, Ready or Not and Scream VI and has appeared in numerous television programs in both guest and starring roles, including a regular role as Conrad Grayson on the ABC primetime soap opera Revenge.
Czerny has received the Theatre World Award and two Gemini Awards, and was nominated for the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Other Half.
Early life and education
Czerny was born on 8 February 1959 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the youngest of three children to Polish Canadian parents. The word "czerny" means "black" in several Slavic languages. His father worked as a welder, and his mother worked in a bakery.
Czerny attended York University in Toronto.
Acting career
Czerny received formal training at the National Theatre School in Montreal. After graduating in 1982, he went on to perform onstage across Canada, from Ottawa's National Arts Centre to Edmonton's Citadel Theatre and the Stratford Festival.
By the late 1980s, he had established himself as a seasoned veteran of Canadian theatre—a long way from Lucky Larry, his first role. Czerny got his start acting in musicals at Humberside Collegiate Institute in Toronto, under the direction of Janet Keele. Czerny played the role of the husband of the title character in Choices of the Heart: The Margaret Sanger Story.
In 1996, Czerny played the role of Eugene Kittridge in Mission: Impossible, whose role is reprised in the 2023 film Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One.
He had prominent roles in The Boys of St. Vincent, Clear and Present Danger, The Ice Storm and The Michelle Apartments. In the 2006 comedy The Pink Panther, he played the main antagonist "Yuri the Trainer who Trains".
He appeared as Lieutenant Brooks in "Jackpot", a 2005 episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. In Conversations with God, about the true story of Neale Donald Walsch, Czerny plays Walsch. In 2007, he appeared in the Showtime series The Tudors, playing the Duke of Norfolk. He appeared in the Canadian television show Flashpoint in 2008 and the American science fiction drama Falling Skies in 2011. Czerny co-starred with Sigourney Weaver in the 2009 Lifetime movie Prayers for Bobby.
In 2011, Czerny was cast opposite Madeleine Stowe, as the powerful patriarch Conrad Grayson, a series regular role, in ABC soap-type series Revenge. His character was stabbed at the end of season 3 and in the first episode of the fourth season it was revealed he had died. He later returned to the series in unseen flashback sequences in one season 4 episode. In 2016, Czerny was cast in the ABC thriller series Quantico for the recurring role of CIA director Matthew Keyes.
Czerny is widely regarded as a character actor, often playing villainous, authoritative, or bureaucratic characters.
Personal life
Czerny is married to Claudine Cassidy and they have a son. Before his marriage, he dated American actress Dana Delany.
Besides acting, his interests include photography, travel, crafting and carpentry.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian people of Polish descent
Canadian Screen Award winning actors
Male actors from Toronto
Theatre World Award winners |
```cmake
# MACRO_ENSURE_OUT_OF_SOURCE_BUILD(<errorMessage>)
macro( MACRO_ENSURE_OUT_OF_SOURCE_BUILD _errorMessage )
string( COMPARE EQUAL "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" _insource )
if( _insource )
message( SEND_ERROR "${_errorMessage}" )
message( FATAL_ERROR
"In-source builds are not allowed.
CMake would overwrite the makefiles distributed with Compiler-RT.
Please create a directory and run cmake from there, passing the path
to this source directory as the last argument.
This process created the file `CMakeCache.txt' and the directory `CMakeFiles'.
Please delete them."
)
endif( _insource )
endmacro( MACRO_ENSURE_OUT_OF_SOURCE_BUILD )
``` |
Gabriel Babatunde Ogunmola is a Nigerian Professor of Chemistry and Chancellor of Lead City University, Ibadan.
Education and career
Professor Ogunmola obtained a bachelor and doctorate in chemistry from the University of Ibadan in 1965 and 1968 respectively.
In July 1968, he joined the department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan as a postdoctoral research fellow and in 1969, he left the UI to join the University of Pennsylvania as a postdoctoral research fellow at Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics.
In 1970, he returned to the University of Ibadan as an academic staff in the department of chemistry, where he became a full professor in 1980 and in 1983, he was appointed, Dean, Faculty of Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, the then Ogun State University.
In 1981, he was elected as fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science and in January 2003, he was elected president of the Nigerian Academy of Science to succeeded Professor Alexander Animalu.
In 2005, he retired from the University of Ibadan and in 2004, prior to his retirement, he was appointed as member, Honorary Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology to the President of Nigeria.
References
Living people
University of Ibadan alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ibadan
Fellows of the Nigerian Academy of Science
Academic staff of Lead City University
Nigerian expatriate academics in the United States
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Academic staff of Olabisi Onabanjo University
Nigerian chemists
People from Oyo State
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The first release of Microsoft Exchange Server was version 4.0 in April 1996, when it was sold as an upgrade to Microsoft Mail 3.5. Before that, Microsoft Mail v2.0 (written by Microsoft) was replaced in 1991 by "Microsoft Mail for PC Networks v2.1", based on Network Courier from its acquisition of Consumers Software. Exchange Server was an entirely new X.400-based client–server mail system with a single database store that also supported X.500 directory services. During its development, Microsoft migrated their own internal email from a XENIX-based system to Exchange Server from April 1993, with all 32,000 Microsoft mailboxes on Exchange by late 1996. The directory used by Exchange Server eventually became Microsoft's Active Directory service, an LDAP-compliant directory service. Active Directory was integrated into Windows 2000 as the foundation of Windows Server domains.
Versions
Version history
Exchange Server 4.0
The first release of Exchange outside of Microsoft was Exchange Server 4.0 in April 1996, with five service packs being released over the next two years.
Exchange Server 5.0
Initial release: May 23, 1997.
Introduced the new Exchange Administrator console, as well as opening up "integrated" access to SMTP-based networks for the first time. Unlike Microsoft Mail (which required a standalone SMTP relay), Exchange Server 5.0 could, with the help of an add-in called the Internet Mail Connector, communicate directly with servers using SMTP. Version 5.0 also introduced a new Web-based e-mail interface called Exchange Web Access, which was rebranded as Outlook Web Access in a later service pack. Along with Exchange Server version 5.0, Microsoft released version 8.01 of Microsoft Outlook, version 5.0 of the Microsoft Exchange Client and version 7.5 of Microsoft Schedule+ to support the new features in the new version of Exchange Server.
Exchange Server 5.0 introduced a number of other new features including a new version of Outlook Web Access with calendar support, support for IMAP4 and LDAP v3 clients and the Deleted Item Recovery feature.
Exchange Server 5.5
Initial release: Nov. 5, 1997, released to manufacturing.
The last version of Exchange Server to have a separate directory, SMTP and NNTP services. There was no new version of Exchange Client and Schedule+ for version 5.5, instead version 8.03 of Microsoft Outlook was released to support the new features of Exchange Server 5.5.
It was sold in two editions: Standard and Enterprise. They differ in database store size, mail transport connectors, and clustering capabilities.
Standard Edition Had the same 16 GB database size limitation as earlier versions of Exchange Server. It included the Site Connector, MS Mail Connector, Internet Mail Service (previously "Internet Mail Connector"), and Internet News Service (previously "Internet News Connector"), as well as software to interoperate with cc:Mail, Lotus Notes and Novell GroupWise.
Enterprise Edition Had an increased limit of 16 TB (although Microsoft's best practices documentation recommends that the message store not exceed 100 GB). Adds an X.400 connector, and interoperability software with SNADS and PROFS. Introduced two node clustering capability.
Exchange 2000 Server
Codenamed "Platinum", this version overcame many of the limitations of its predecessors. For example, it raised the maximum sizes of databases and increased the number of servers in a cluster from two to four. However, many customers were deterred from upgrading by the requirement for a full Microsoft Active Directory infrastructure to be in place, as unlike Exchange Server 5.5, Exchange 2000 Server had no built-in Directory Service, and had a dependency upon Active Directory. The migration process from Exchange Server 5.5 necessitated having the two systems online at the same time, with user-to-mailbox mapping and a temporary translation process between the two directories. Exchange 2000 Server also added support for instant messaging, but that capability was later spun off to Microsoft Office Live Communications Server.
Exchange Server 2003
Codenamed "Titanium", this version can be run on Windows 2000 Server (with Service Pack 4) and 32-bit Windows Server 2003, although some new features only work with the latter. Like Windows Server 2003, Exchange Server 2003 has many compatibility modes to allow users to slowly migrate to the new system. This is useful in large companies with distributed Exchange Server environments who cannot afford the downtime and expense that comes with a complete migration.
It made the migration from pre-2000 versions of Exchange significantly easier (although still involved the same basic steps), and many users of Exchange Server 5.5 waited for the release of Exchange Server 2003 to upgrade. The upgrade process also required upgrading a company's servers to Windows 2000. Some customers opted to stay on a combination of Exchange Server 5.5 and Windows NT 4.0, both of which are no longer supported by Microsoft.
One of the new features in Exchange Server 2003 is enhanced disaster recovery, which allows administrators to bring the server online more quickly. This is done by allowing the server to send and receive mail while the message stores are being recovered from backup. Some features previously available in the Microsoft Mobile Information Server 2001/2002 products have been added to the core Exchange Server product, like Outlook Mobile Access and server-side Exchange ActiveSync, while the Mobile Information Server product itself has been dropped. Also new is the ability to drop inbound e-mail before being fully processed, thus preventing delays in the message routing system. There are also improved message and mailbox management tools, which allow administrators to execute common chores more quickly. Others, such as Instant Messaging and Exchange Conferencing Server have been extracted completely in order to form separate products. Microsoft now appears to be positioning a combination of Microsoft Office, Microsoft Office Live Communications Server, Live Meeting, and SharePoint as its collaboration software of choice. Exchange Server is now to be simply e-mail and calendaring.
Exchange Server 2003 added several basic filtering methods to Exchange Server. They are not sophisticated enough to eliminate spam, but they can protect against DoS and mailbox flooding attacks. Exchange Server 2000 supported the ability to block a sender's address, or e-mail domain by adding '*@domain.com', which is still supported in Exchange Server 2003.
New features
Added filtering methods in Exchange Server 2003 are:
Connection filtering: Messages are blocked from DNS RBL lists or from manually specified IP addresses/ranges
Recipient filtering: Messages blocked when sent to manually specified recipients on the server (for intranet-only addresses) or to any recipients not on the server (stopping spammers from guessing addresses)
Sender ID filtering: Sender ID, a form of Sender Policy Framework (SPF)
Intelligent Message Filter: Initially a free Microsoft add-on, later, part of service pack 2, that uses heuristic message analysis to block messages or direct them to the "Junk E-Mail" folder in Microsoft Outlook clients.
It is included with both Windows Small Business Server 2003 Standard and Premium editions.
Editions
Standard Edition:
Supports up to two storage groups (with one of the storage groups, called the recovery storage group, being reserved for database recovery operations) and a maximum of two databases per storage group.
Each database is limited to a maximum size of 16 GB.
Beginning with the release of Service Pack 2, a maximum database size of 75 GB, but only supports 16 GB by default; larger sized databases have to be updated-in with a registry change.
Enterprise Edition allows a 16 TB maximum database size, and supports up to four storage groups with 5 databases per storage group for a total of 20 databases per server.
Exchange 2003 mainstream support ended on April 14, 2009. Extended support ended on April 8, 2014.
Exchange Server 2007
Released to business customers as part of Microsoft's roll-out wave of new products. It includes new clustering options, x64 support for greater scalability, voice mail integration, better search and support for Web services, better filtering options, and a new Outlook Web Access interface. Exchange 2007 also dropped support for Exchange 5.5 migrations, routing groups, admin groups, Outlook Mobile Access, X.400, and some API interfaces, amongst other features.
Exchange Server 2007 (v8, code name E12, or with SP1 v8.1) runs only on x64 versions of Windows Server. This requirement applies to supported production environments only; a 32-bit trial version is available for download and testing. Hence, companies currently running Exchange Server on 32-bit hardware will be required to replace or migrate hardware if they wish to upgrade to the new version. Companies that are currently running Exchange Server on 64-bit capable hardware are still required to migrate from their existing Exchange 2000/2003 servers to a new 2007 server since in-place upgrades are not supported in 2007.
The first beta of Exchange Server 2007 (then named "Exchange 12" or E12) was released in December 2005 to a very limited number of beta testers. A wider beta was made available via TechNet Plus and MSDN subscriptions in March 2006 according to the Microsoft Exchange team blog. On April 25, 2006, Microsoft announced that the next version of Exchange Server would be called "Exchange Server 2007".
Exchange Server 2007 is an integrated part of the Innovative Communications Alliance products.
New features
Protection: Anti-spam, antivirus, compliance, clustering with data replication, improved security and encryption
Improved Information Worker Access: Improved calendaring, unified messaging, improved mobility, improved web access
Improved IT Experience: 64-bit performance and scalability, command-line shell and simplified GUI, improved deployment, role separation, simplified routing
Exchange Management Shell: a new command-line shell and scripting language for system administration (based on Windows PowerShell). Shell users can perform every task that can be performed in the Exchange Server graphical user interface plus additional tasks, and can program often-used or complex tasks into scripts that can be saved, shared, and re-used. The Exchange Management Shell has over 375 unique commands to manage features of Microsoft Exchange Server 2007.
"Unified Messaging": Lets users receive voice mail, e-mail, and faxes in their mailboxes, and lets them access their mailboxes from cell phones and other wireless devices. Voice commands can be given to control and listen to e-mail over the phone (and also send some basic messages, like "I'll be late")
Increased database maximum size limit: Database size is now limited to 16TB per database
Increased maximum storage groups and mail databases per server: 5 each for Standard Edition (from one each in Exchange Server 2003 Standard), and to 50 each for Enterprise Edition (from 4 groups and 20 databases in Exchange Server 2003 Enterprise).
Configure Outlook Anywhere: Formerly known as RPC over HTTP provides external access to Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 for users. This also provides external URLs for Exchange services such as the Availability service and offline address book.
Room and equipment mailboxes: Finally resources can be properly created and managed, and users in Outlook can easily book them.
Editions
Standard edition Can have 5 databases in up to 5 storage groups. Supports LCR (Local Continuous Replication) and SCR (Standby Continuous Replication).
Enterprise edition This is extended to 50 databases in up to 50 storage groups. Supports LCR (Local Continuous Replication), SCR (Standby Continuous Replication), SCC (Single Copy Clustering), and CCR (Clustered Continuous Replication).
Exchange Server 2010
Exchange Server 2010 was released to manufacturing in May 2009, and reached general availability on November 9, 2009. The version jumped from v8.x in Exchange 2007 to v14.x in Exchange 2010 to emphasise the synergy of Exchange Server with the Office suite.
New featuresDAG (Database Availability Groups): SCC, CCR, LCR and site resiliency functionality SCR have been replaced by DAG. It provides database-level high availability (as opposed to server level) and supports a number of copies of each database (number based on Exchange Edition) and flexible configuration (databases copies may be added/ removed at will without requiring major server reconfiguration).Client Access Server (CAS): High availability for the Client Access Server role is provided by using Client Access Server (CAS) arrays. A CAS array can contain multiple Client Access Servers in an Active Directory site and provide a single name endpoint for client connections. CAS arrays cannot span multiple Active Directory sites.Mailbox Server Role may be combined with the Client Access Server: In Exchange Server 2007, a clustered mailbox server could not be combined with any other roles. In Exchange Server 2010, the Mailbox Server Role may be combined with the Client Access Server and/or Hub Transport roles, regardless of whether or not the mailbox server participates in a Database Availability Group. However, since Database Availability Groups use Windows Failover Clustering, and Microsoft does not support the combination of Windows Failover Clustering and Windows Network Load Balancing on the same server, a multi-role deployment will require the use of a 3rd party load balancer to provide load balancing and fault tolerance for the Client Access Server role.RPC Client Access: With the introduction of the RPC Client Access service, all Outlook clients access their mailbox database through the Client Access Server role. This abstraction layer allows for improved load balancing and redundancy and minimal client impact in the event of a database level *-over ("switchover" or "failover") event.Cost savings in required hardware: Exchange Server 2010 provides cost savings in required hardware. Storage performance requirements (measured in IOPS: Input/output operations per second) have been reduced by approximately 70% over Exchange Server 2007, and by approximately 90% over Exchange Server 2003. According to a case study, Microsoft IT was able to reduce hardware costs by 75% during the migration from Exchange Server 2007 to Exchange Server 2010.Personal Archive: Exchange Server 2010 extends the large mailbox support introduced in Exchange Server 2007, and also introduces a Personal Archive feature to allow messages to be retained longer without the need for a third-party archival system. The Personal Archive is implemented as a secondary mailbox for archive-enabled users, and in Exchange Server 2010 Service Pack 1, the Personal Archive may be located on a different database than the primary mailbox, which may reside on a different disk if desired. Backup can be performed via multiple solutions like Handy Backup or Acronis.Recoverable Items: The compliance and legal search features have been enhanced. What was formerly known as the "Dumpster" in previous versions of Exchange (a special storage area for messages that have been deleted from the Deleted Items folder or "permanently deleted" from a regular folder, such as the Inbox) has been evolved into the Recoverable Items folder in Exchange Server 2010. If configured appropriately, the Recoverable Items folder allows for a "tamper proof" storage area (users cannot circumvent the Recoverable Items folder to bypass legal discovery), which also provides a revision history of any modified items.Administration delegation: Can now be performed at a granular level due to Exchange Server 2010's implementation of Role Based Access Control (RBAC). Users and administrators can be given extremely fine-grained abilities for functions provided both within the Exchange Management Console or Exchange Management Shell and in Outlook Web App. For example, a compliance officer may be given the ability to perform cross mailbox discovery searches within Outlook Web App; a help desk technician may be granted the ability to set an Out Of Office message for other employees within the company, or a branch administrator in a remote office may be granted the permission to perform specific Exchange Management Shell commands that pertain only to the Exchange server in their branch office.Outlook Web App includes improvements: Including, for example, the ability for users to track their sent messages and printable calendar views and the "Premium" experience is now available across multiple browsers (including Safari and Firefox).Distribution groups can now be "moderated": Meaning that distribution groups can now be configured to allow users to join at will or only with a group moderator's permission, and individual messages sent to distribution groups can now be approved or denied by a moderator."Shadow Redundancy": Exchange Server 2010 introduces a transport concept called "Shadow Redundancy" that protects e-mail messages while they are in transit. If a Hub Transport server or an Edge Transport server fails after it has received a message for processing, but before it was able to deliver it to the next "hop" server, the server sending the message to the transport server is now able to detect the failure and redeliver the message to a different Hub Transport or Edge Transport server for processing.
Editions
Several high-availability options have been consolidated into just one option for Exchange Server 2010 (Mailbox Resiliency), which is now offered in both the Standard and Enterprise editions. The capabilities of Local Continuous Replication, Standby Continuous Replication, and Cluster Continuous Replication are now unified into the Exchange 2010 Mailbox Resiliency capability. These capabilities enable a simplified approach to high availability and disaster recovery. The Standard Edition supports up to 5 databases with each database being limited to a maximum size of 16 TB. While the Enterprise Edition supports up to 100 databases with no size limit.
Storage group is discontinued in Exchange 2010 and onward.
In January 2011, Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 won InfoWorld's 2011 Technology of the Year Award for Best Mail Server.
Exchange Server 2013
Microsoft reached the RTM milestone for Exchange Server 2013 (v15.0) on October 11, 2012. A trial version of this product is available from Microsoft website.
Exchange 2013 represented a major change to the servicing model: instead of large Service Packs and small Update Rollup packages, a new Cumulative Update methodology is used with CU packages being released on a quarterly schedule and any security updates for that CU released on Patch Tuesday (or out of band as necessary). Microsoft support only the current and "n-1" Cumulative Update release of Exchange Server 2013 and later during mainstream support, and only the current CU once the transition to extended support completes. Despite this, Cumulative Update 4 was rebranded as Service Pack 1 due to significant additional functionality. The 23rd and final Cumulative Update for Exchange 2013 was released on June 18, 2019.
New features
New features include:Offline support in OWA: Emails and actions are automatically synced the next time connectivity is restored.Client connectivity: CAS role is the point of connectivity for all clients in Exchange 2013.Public folders: In 2013, public folders are now part of mailbox databases and high availability is achieved using DAG.Site Mailboxes: Brings Exchange emails and SharePoint documents together.Outlook Web App: Offers three different UI layouts optimized for desktop, tablet, and mobile phone browsers.Ability to customize: Outlook and OWA by integrating apps from the Office marketplace. (Yes, this is a reference to the Agaves add-ins that Microsoft and partners will be making available via the new Office Store.) The new "Napa" tools and/or HTML5 are Microsoft's preferred ways for developers to build these.Exchange Administrative Center (EAC): Replacement of the Exchange Management Console by a Web-based Exchange Administrative Center (EAC).Support for up to 8 TB disks: And multiple databases per disk via Data Availability Group (DAG) management.Built in basic anti-malware protection: Ability for administrators to configure and manage settings from inside EAC. (Note: this feature can be turned off, replaced or "paired with premium services such as Exchange Online Protection for layered protection.").New Data Loss Prevention (DLP): Capabilities for identifying and protecting "sensitive data." DLP policies are based on regulatory standards, including PII and PCI. Also: new policy tips in Outlook 2013 can be set to inform users about potential policy violations.In-Place eDiscovery: Can be run across Exchange, SharePoint, and Lync (now Skype for Business) from a single interface.Combine Roles: A reduction in the number of available roles to two: a Client Access Server and a Mailbox Server role.FAST Search: Now integrated into Exchange 2013 managed store to provide a more consistent (across Microsoft servers) indexing and searching experience.Inclusion of a "Managed Store": The name of the rewritten information store processes, which are now written in C#.Replication: Public folders are now stored in mailbox databases and can take advantage of Database Availability Groups for replication and high availability.Data loss prevention: Capabilities that can be integrated into Transport Rules.MAPI over HTTPS: New protocol designed from the ground up to replace Outlook Anywhere. This functionality requires that all Exchange 2013 Servers are running at least Service Pack 1; it is disabled by default in organizations where Exchange Server 2013 has been installed and must be manually enabled once the prerequisites are met.
Removed featuresMAPI over RPC: All client connectivity to Exchange 2013 and later uses HTTPS, requiring special consideration for coexistence with Exchange 2010/2007.
Exchange Server 2016
On October 1, 2015, Microsoft announced the general availability (GA) of Exchange Server 2016 (v15.1).
New featuresCombine Roles: A reduction in the number of available roles to two: Mailbox Server and Edge Transport Outlook on the web (formerly Outlook Web App): UI changesOffice 365 hybrid: The Hybrid Configuration Wizard (HCW) that was included with Exchange 2013 is moving to become a cloud-based application. When one chooses to configure a hybrid deployment in Exchange 2016, you'll be prompted to download and install the wizard as a small app.Messaging policy and compliance: New DLP and Archiving/Retention/eDiscovery features.
For more detail on new features, see the following Microsoft TechNet article: What's new in Exchange 2016
Exchange Server 2019
Exchange Server 2019 (v15.2) was released in October 2018. Unlike other Office Server 2019 products such as SharePoint and Skype for Business, Exchange Server 2019 can only be deployed on Windows Server 2019. One of the key features of the new release is that Exchange Server can be deployed onto Windows Server Core for the first time, additionally Microsoft has retired the Unified Messaging feature of Exchange, meaning that Skype for Business on-premises customers will have to use alternative solutions for voicemail, such as Azure cloud voicemail. Unified Messaging continues to exist in Exchange Online requiring an Exchange Plan 2 license.
A pre-release was released on 25th July.
New FeaturesSecurity: support for installing Exchange Server 2019 onto Windows Server CorePerformance: supports running Exchange Server with up to 48 processor cores and 256 GB of RAM
Removed featuresUnified Messaging'''
For more detail on new features, see the following Microsoft blog article: Exchange Server 2019 Public Preview
References
Groupware
Exchange
Exchange Server
Exchange Server
1996 software |
Alegría Bendayán de Bendelac (April 19, 1928 – April 5, 2020) was a Venezuelan philologist, professor, writer and Jewish poet. During her career she was dedicated to studying sephardic culture, especially the Judeo-Spanish language of northern Morocco. She was professor of French at the University of Pennsylvania and published several works about sephardic traditions.
Biography
Alegría Bendayán de Bendelac is the fourth of five siblings, daughter of Moroccan immigrants from Tétouan who arrived at Villa de Cura, Aragua state. Her parents were Abraham Bendayan and Rachel Cohen of Bendayan. Soon their parents settled in Caracas. She married Rafael Bendelac on June 24, 1953. The couple had two daughters, Mercedes and Lisa.
In 1963 she emigrated to New York, where she worked as a French teacher in various schools. Subsequently, she graduated in French at Columbia University and then obtained a PhD in French Literature at the same university. After graduating, she began teaching at Fordham University and later joined Penn State University. Among her works are dictionaries and historical investigations of Sephardic language and traditions, she was also dedicated to writing poetry.
She died of natural causes at the age of 91 in Kew Gardens, NY.
Works
Diccionario del Judeoespañol de Los Sefardíes del Norte de Marruecos (1995)
Voces Jaquetiescas (1990)
Los Nuestros. Sejiná, Letuarios, Jaquetía y Fraja. Un retrato de los sefardíes del Norte de Marruecos a través de sus recuerdos y su lengua (1860-1984) (1987)
Structures du rêve et de la realité dans Sylvie (1975)
Typical Sephardic weddings in Tangier, Morocco (c.1930-c.1950) (1986)
Tourmaline II (1973)
Mosaique: Une enfance juive a Tanger (1930-1945) (1992)
References
Venezuelan women scientists
Venezuelan women writers
Writers from Caracas
Venezuelan philologists
Women philologists
Venezuelan Sephardi Jews
1928 births
Venezuelan people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
2020 deaths
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Columbia University alumni
Fordham University faculty
Venezuelan expatriates in the United States
Venezuelan women educators
Sephardi Jewish culture
Linguists of Judaeo-Spanish |
Cicadettinae is a subfamily of cicadas in the family Cicadidae. About 230 genera and 1,200 described species are placed in the Cicadettinae.
Tribes
These 14 tribes belong to the subfamily Cicadettinae:
Aragualnini Sanborn, 2018
Carinetini Distant, 1905
Chlorocystini Distant, 1905
Cicadatrini Distant, 1905
Cicadettini Buckton, 1890
Hemidictyini Distant, 1905
Katoini Moulds & Marshall, 2018
Lamotialnini Boulard, 1976
Nelcyndanini Moulds & Marshall, 2018
Pagiphorini Moulds & Marshall, 2018
Parnisini Distant, 1905
Pictilini Moulds & Hill, 2018
Prasiini Matsumura, 1917
Taphurini Distant, 1905
See also
List of Cicadettinae genera
References
Further reading
External links
Articles created by Qbugbot
Cicadidae |
The Devil Commands is a 1941 American horror film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Boris Karloff. The working title of the film was The Devil Said No. In it, a man obsessed with contacting his dead wife falls in with a sinister phony medium. The Devil Commands is one of the many films from the 1930s and 1940s in which Karloff was cast as a mad scientist with a good heart. It was one of the last in line of the low-budget horror films that were produced before Universal Studios' The Wolf Man. The story was adapted from the novel The Edge of Running Water by William Sloane.
Plot
Dr. Julian Blair is engaged in unconventional research on human brain waves when his wife Helen (Shirley Warde) is tragically killed in an auto accident. The grief-stricken scientist becomes obsessed with redirecting his work into making contact with the dead and is not deterred by dire warnings from his daughter Anne (Amanda Duff), his research assistant Richard (Richard Fiske), or his colleagues that he is delving into forbidden areas of knowledge. He moves his laboratory to an isolated New England mansion where he continues to try to reach out to his dead wife. He is aided in his experiments by his mentally-challenged servant Karl (Ralph Penney) and abetted by the obsessive Mrs. Walters (Anne Revere), a phony medium, who believes in his work and seems to exert a sinister influence over him. When their overly curious housekeeper discovers the truth about their experiments, her death brings the local sheriff in to investigate the strange goings on.
Cast
Boris Karloff as Dr. Julian Blair
Richard Fiske as Dr. Richard Sayles
Amanda Duff as Anne Blair
Anne Revere as Mrs. Walters
Ralph Penney as Karl
Dorothy Adams as Mrs. Marcy
Walter Baldwin as Seth Marcy
Kenneth MacDonald as Sheriff Ed Willis
Shirley Warde as Helen Blair
Reception
From retrospective reviews, Tony Rayns reviewed the film in Sight & Sound as part of the Karloff at Columbia Blu-ray set. Rayns compared the films to The Black Room, The Man They Could Not Hang, The Man With Nine Lives, Before I Hang, and The Boogie Man Will Get You noting that stand out of the set was The Devil Commands. with "Karloff denouncing fake spiritualists and seeking a scientific way to contact his beloved late wife."
See also
Boris Karloff filmography
Notes
References
External links
1941 films
1941 horror films
American science fiction horror films
1940s science fiction horror films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Edward Dmytryk
Columbia Pictures films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films |
```go
// this source code is governed by the included BSD license.
// +build windows
package libkb
import (
"errors"
"net"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/keybase/client/go/logger"
mspipe "github.com/keybase/go-winio"
)
func NewSocket(g *GlobalContext) (ret Socket, err error) {
var s string
s, err = g.Env.GetSocketBindFile()
if err != nil {
return
}
if len(s) == 0 {
err = errors.New("Empty SocketFile, can't make pipe")
return
}
s = `\\.\pipe\kbservice` + strings.TrimPrefix(s, filepath.VolumeName(s))
log := g.Log
if log == nil {
log = logger.NewNull()
}
// ownership tests fail when server is in same proces, as in tests
return SocketInfo{
log: log,
bindFile: s,
dialFiles: []string{s},
testOwner: g.Env.Test == nil,
}, nil
}
func NewSocketWithFiles(
log logger.Logger, bindFile string, _ []string) Socket {
s := `\\.\pipe\kbservice` +
strings.TrimPrefix(bindFile, filepath.VolumeName(bindFile))
return SocketInfo{
log: log,
bindFile: s,
dialFiles: []string{s},
}
}
func (s SocketInfo) BindToSocket() (ret net.Listener, err error) {
s.log.Info("Binding to pipe:%s", s.bindFile)
return mspipe.ListenPipe(s.bindFile, nil)
}
func (s SocketInfo) DialSocket() (ret net.Conn, err error) {
timeout := time.Duration(1) * time.Second
pipe, err := mspipe.DialPipe(s.dialFiles[0], &timeout)
if err != nil {
// Be sure to return a nil interface, and not a nil npipe.PipeConn
// See path_to_url for when this
// bit us.
return nil, err
}
// This can't happen right now, but in the future it might, so protect against ourselves
// so we don't get vexing (*foo)(nil)/interface{}(nil) bugs.
if pipe == nil {
return nil, errors.New("bad npipe result; nil npipe.PipeConn but no error")
}
// Test ownership
if s.testOwner {
owner, err := IsPipeowner(s.log, s.dialFiles[0])
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if !owner.IsOwner {
return nil, errors.New("failed to verify pipe ownership")
}
}
// Success case
return pipe, err
}
func IsSocketClosedError(e error) bool {
return e == mspipe.ErrPipeListenerClosed
}
``` |
```go
package awsfetch
import (
"context"
"strings"
)
func getBoolFromContext(ctx context.Context, key string) bool {
v, ok := ctx.Value(key).(bool)
return v && ok
}
func getUserFiltersFromContext(ctx context.Context) map[string]string {
out := make(map[string]string)
arr, ok := ctx.Value("filters").([]string)
if ok {
for _, keyval := range arr {
if splits := strings.SplitN(keyval, "=", 2); len(splits) == 2 {
out[strings.ToLower(splits[0])] = splits[1]
}
}
}
return out
}
func sliceOfSlice(in []string, maxLength int) (res [][]string) {
if maxLength <= 0 {
return
}
if len(in) == 0 {
return
}
for i := 0; i < len(in); i += maxLength {
if i+maxLength < len(in) {
res = append(res, in[i:i+maxLength])
} else {
res = append(res, in[i:])
}
}
return
}
func appendIfNotInSlice(slice []string, s string) []string {
var found bool
for _, e := range slice {
if e == s {
found = true
}
}
if !found {
return append(slice, s)
}
return slice
}
func arnToName(arn string) string {
splits := strings.Split(arn, "/")
if len(splits) > 1 {
return splits[len(splits)-1]
}
return arn
}
func pluralizeIfNeeded(str string, n uint) string {
if n > 1 {
return str + "s"
}
return str
}
``` |
Alexander Rusakov (born December 31, 1980) is a Russian trampoline gymnast who made his Olympic debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics, finishing in fifth place in the men's individual competition. He also competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Russian male trampolinists
Olympic gymnasts for Russia
Gymnasts at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 2009 World Games
Medalists at the Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships
21st-century Russian people |
Alphonse Lavallée (1791–1873) is the founder of the École Centrale Paris, a French Grande École.
He was born in Savigné-l'Évêque (Sarthe region, France). After studying law in Paris, Lavallée became the director of various companies such as the Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans. He also became a businessman in the region of Nantes, working for ten years with his brother-in-law who was a shipowner of the merchant vessel Bourgault Ducoudray. After moving to Paris in 1827 where he moved with his wife and his one-year-old daughter, Amazilli, Lavallée became a shareholder of the Le Globe, a liberal opposition newspaper with Saint-Simonian roots.
Two years later, Lavallée decides to create a new school of engineering for the emerging industrial sector in France, at a time where all the leading institutions were essentially training engineers for public administration. He founded in 1829 the prominent École centrale des arts et manufactures in Paris, also known as the École Centrale Paris, with the help of three scientists: the chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas, the physicist Jean Claude Eugène Péclet and the mathematician Théodore Olivier. Lavallée provided most of the funds with his private capital to establish the school and became its first president (directeur). The first location of the school was the Hôtel de Juigné building in the Marais district, which has now become the Musée Picasso.
His son, Pierre Alphonse Martin Lavallée (1836–1884), created an arboretum in the park of the Château de Segrez in Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières (Essonne), which was one of the biggest in Europe at the time.
He died in Paris on May 15, 1873 at the age of 75 and is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.
References
External links
Château de Segrez
Alphonse Lavallée at the Père Lachaise Cemetery
1791 births
1873 deaths
19th-century French people
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery |
```go
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
package policy
import "github.com/m3db/m3/src/x/pool"
// PoliciesPool provides a pool for variable-sized policy slices.
type PoliciesPool interface {
// Init initializes the pool.
Init()
// Get provides a policy slice from the pool.
Get(capacity int) []Policy
// Put returns a policy slice to the pool.
Put(value []Policy)
}
type policiesPool struct {
pool pool.BucketizedObjectPool
}
// NewPoliciesPool creates a new policies pool.
func NewPoliciesPool(sizes []pool.Bucket, opts pool.ObjectPoolOptions) PoliciesPool {
return &policiesPool{pool: pool.NewBucketizedObjectPool(sizes, opts)}
}
func (p *policiesPool) Init() {
p.pool.Init(func(capacity int) interface{} {
return make([]Policy, 0, capacity)
})
}
func (p *policiesPool) Get(capacity int) []Policy {
return p.pool.Get(capacity).([]Policy)
}
func (p *policiesPool) Put(value []Policy) {
value = value[:0]
p.pool.Put(value, cap(value))
}
``` |
```javascript
Drawing with HTML5 `Canvas` API
Allow an element to go fullscreen
Permission API
Navigation Timing API
Drag and Drop API
``` |
```ruby
describe :proc_compose, shared: true do
it "raises TypeError if passed not callable object" do
lhs = @object.call
not_callable = Object.new
-> {
lhs.send(@method, not_callable)
}.should raise_error(TypeError, "callable object is expected")
end
it "does not try to coerce argument with #to_proc" do
lhs = @object.call
succ = Object.new
def succ.to_proc(s); s.succ; end
-> {
lhs.send(@method, succ)
}.should raise_error(TypeError, "callable object is expected")
end
end
``` |
is a Japanese professional shogi player, ranked 8-dan.
Nakata's nickname is コーヤン Kōyan, after the on'yomi reading of his first name.
Theoretical contributions
The Kōyan variation (コーヤン流 Kōyan-ryū) of Third File Rook is named after him. In particular, his development of the so-called "Isao Nakata XP" is a very popular Third File Rook quick attack countermeasure against Static Rook Anaguma.
Promotion history
Nakata's promotion history is as follows:
6-kyū: 1980
1-dan: 1983
4-dan : April 30, 1986
5-dan: March 6, 1990
6-dan: August 7, 1998
7-dan: October 11, 2005
8-dan: January 21, 2019
Awards and honors
Nakata received the Japan Shogi Association's "25 Years Service Award" in 2011 in recognition of being an active professional for twenty-five years.
References
External links
ShogiHub: Professional Player Info · Nakata, Isao
Lectures on the Latest Strategies: Chapter 8: Koyan Style
1967 births
Japanese shogi players
Living people
Sportspeople from Fukuoka (city)
Professional shogi players from Fukuoka Prefecture |
Urmar Assembly constituency is one of the 117 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Punjab state in India.
It is part of Hoshiarpur district.
Members of the Legislative Assembly
Election results
2022
2017
See also
List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly
Hoshiarpur district
References
External links
Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India
Hoshiarpur district |
Morgan Point is a cape in Chambers County, Texas.
References
Geography of Chambers County, Texas |
Olufemi Temitope Ogunsanwo (born 28 October 1977), known as Femi Oguns, is a prominent British agent and former actor who founded Identity School of Acting and Identity Agency Group.
Background
Femi Oguns obtained a joint honours degree in Race and Culture and Performing Arts at university, after previously attending drama school. It was here he drew on personal experience and longed to create a drama school which would give actors of all ethnicities the platform to express themselves to their fullest, and so founded Identity School of Acting in October 2003.
Oguns' achievements have led to a series of high-profile commendations; in 2010 he was named as a UK Film Council Breakthrough Brit in the fields of Acting and Writing. In 2014, Oguns was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his services to the acting industry, and in 2017 he was the first agent in the UK to be awarded with a special jury prize by the British Independent Film Award (BIFA) for his contribution to the British film industry. He has also been named on Powerful Media's Powerlist of the top 100 most influential figures of African/Caribbean descent, having made the top 100 in both the 2020 and 2021 editions.
Early career
As an actor, Oguns has featured in a number of award-winning dramas in both television and film. His credits include: Strange (BBC), Take my Heart Dogma (Channel 4), the BAFTA nominated Prime Suspect (ITV), feature film La Chinoise for FilmFour, feature film Last Chance Harvey opposite Dustin Hoffman, and Ron Howard's The Good Lie with Reese Witherspoon.
Oguns has also carved out a successful career in the field of writing, where his debut play Torn received the MSVA Award for Best Stage Production 2008. Torn included Wil Johnson, Kéllé Bryan, Antonia Okonma, Richard Hollis, Michelle Asante, and Brooke Kinsella. The success of Torn caught the attention of the Royal National Theatre, and the Royal Court Theatre where Oguns developed his second play, Sponge.
Identity School and Agency
Identity School of Acting was founded by Oguns and provides acting training, specializing in minority actors and has demonstrated some success. Founded in 2006, Identity Agency Group (IAG) is an acting agency.
In 2011 IAG US division was formed, merging with some of the top agencies and management companies in the United States, representing clients both in the UK and North America. IAG Los Angeles is now working in partnership with the likes of WME, UTA, Gersh, and ICM to name but a few.
Some of IAG's clients include:
John Boyega
Malachi Kirby (Bafta Breakthrough Brit)
Letitia Wright (BAFTA Breakthrough Brit)
Melanie Liburd
Charlie Covell (BAFTA Breakthrough Brit)
Cecilia Noble(Laurence Olivier Award nominated)
Alexis Rodney
References
External links
Identity Drama School
English dramatists and playwrights
Living people
English people of Nigerian descent
English people of Yoruba descent
English theatre managers and producers
English male television actors
English male stage actors
English talent agents
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Yoruba dramatists and playwrights
English male dramatists and playwrights
1977 births |
Banks Township is one of twenty townships in Fayette County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 326.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Banks Township covers an area of 36.53 square miles (94.61 square kilometers).
The east edge of the city of Sumner extends into this township but is a separate entity.
Adjacent townships
Bethel Township (north)
Windsor Township (northeast)
Center Township (east)
Harlan Township (southeast)
Fremont Township (south)
Dayton Township, Bremer County (southwest)
Sumner No. 2 Township, Bremer County (west)
Sumner Township, Bremer County (west)
Sumner Township (west)
Fredericksburg Township, Chickasaw County (northwest)
Cemeteries
The township contains Union Evangelical Cemetery.
Major highways
Iowa Highway 93
School districts
North Fayette Valley Community School District
Sumner-Fredericksburg Community School District
West Central Community School District
Political districts
Iowa's 1st congressional district
State House District 18
State Senate District 9
References
United States Census Bureau 2008 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
United States Board on Geographic Names (GNIS)
United States National Atlas
External links
US-Counties.com
City-Data.com
Townships in Fayette County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa |
The Pakhra () is a river in Moscow Oblast and the city of Moscow, Russia, a right tributary of the Moskva. It is 135 km in length. The area of its basin is 2580 km². The Pakhra River freezes up in November–December and stays under the ice until the late March–April. Main tributaries: Mocha and Desna. Gorki Leninskiye and Podolsk stand on the Pakhra River.
References
Rivers of Moscow Oblast |
Gmina Nagłowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Nagłowice, which lies approximately west of Jędrzejów and south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 5,290.
Villages
Gmina Nagłowice contains the villages and settlements of Brynica Mokra, Caców, Chycza-Brzóstki, Cierno-Żabieniec, Deszno, Jaronowice, Kuźnice, Nagłowice, Rakoszyn, Rejowiec, Ślęcin, Trzciniec, Warzyn Drugi, Warzyn Pierwszy, Zagórze and Zdanowice.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Nagłowice is bordered by the gminas of Jędrzejów, Moskorzew, Oksa, Radków, Sędziszów and Słupia.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Naglowice
Jędrzejów County |
The Telephone is a 1956 Australian television play. It was a filmed version of the opera The Telephone by Menotti. It was the first of many operas broadcast by the ABC. It went for 25 minutes and only featured two people, played by Marie Tysoe and Kevin Mills.
Premise
Ben attempts to marry Lucy but she keeps gossiping on the telephone. Ben decides to propose to her on the phone.
Cast
Kevin Mills as Ben
Marie Tysoe as Lucy
Background
Tysoe and Mills had performed the opera together many times in 1953 and 1954, on stage and on radio.
Marie Tysoe later recalled making the film:
It was done live to air from the radio studio at Kings Cross. The OB Van was parked at Kellett Street, and I remember all the cables going through the windows down to the van. The Sydney Symphony Orchestra was there. We had a marvellous producer, George Trevare, and it all went without a hitch. I actually sang this opera before for a group of singers called the Sydney Opera Group. The ABC – that is Tony Hughes or Werner Baer - probably knew about that, and I got the call. It was an ideal opera to start off on television, as it only had 2 performers and was a relatively simple set and not many props. During rehearsal I remember the producer asking me what I was going to wear. The conductor and one of the stage managers took me to a boutique shop at Kings Cross, and they bought an elegant dress for me to wear on the production.
See also
List of live television plays broadcast on Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1950s)
External links
References
Australian television plays
Australian television plays based on operas
Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming
English-language television shows
Australian live television shows
Black-and-white Australian television shows
1956 television plays
Telephony in popular culture |
Jacob Snider (January 1, 1811 – October 25, 1866) was an American wine merchant and inventor. He co-invented and patented a method of converting existing muzzle-loading rifles into breech-loading rifles, notably the Snider-Enfield.
Originally from Montgomery, Georgia, Snider later moved to Philadelphia, but died in poverty in Kilburn, London, England while attempting to recover promised compensation from the British government.
He was survived by his wife Angelina and several sons, and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.
Snider worked for the Pennsylvania Institute for the Blind, and in 1833, he produced the first raised print book in the United States. His method, which involved carving the letters into a sheet of copper by hand, was soon abandoned.
References
American mechanical engineers
Firearm designers
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
1811 births
1866 deaths
People from Chatham County, Georgia |
Lionel Sionne Baker (born 6 September 1984) is a West Indian former cricketer who has played first-class cricket for the Leeward Islands. He is the first person from Montserrat to have represented the West Indies at Test cricket.
Personal life
Although he was born in Montserrat, Lionel Baker spent several years living in London and attended school there.
Domestic career
Baker made his debut for the Leeward Islands in the 2004/05 season.
In 2007 Baker, played for an English Village club side called Marston Green Cricket Club and broke their long standing batting record, scoring 207 against Aston Unity on 27 August. Baker scored 819 runs, and took 27 wickets in this season. Baker, took a shine to the local Chinese takeaway, and regularly ate shrimps for his post match snack.
In the 2008 English season, Baker represented Walmley in the Birmingham and District Premier League. After impressing in the nets in 2008, Baker signed a two-year contract with Leicestershire County Cricket Club to represent them from 2009. He has a British passport which would have allowed him to play without counting as an overseas or Kolpak player. However, a month later the deal fell through once Baker was selected for the West Indies team as he was no longer eligible to play as a Kolpak player.
Baker has represented Montserrat in the Stanford 20/20 since the 2006 season and was selected in the Stanford Superstars squad in 2008 to play against England, but did not play for them.
International career
Baker represented the West Indies at U19 level, he finished his Youth One Day International career with 17 wickets from 8 matches at an average of 18.47 with best bowling figures of 6/39. The figures of 6/39 earned Baker a man-of-the-match award and were taken against Sri Lanka U19s.
On 1 November 2008, the ODI squad to tour Pakistan was announced, with Baker as one of the members. On the same day, it was announced that he was one of four players – along with Brendan Nash, Leon Johnson, and Kemar Roach – without a Test cap to be named in the 15-man squad selected to tour New Zealand for a Test series. He became the first player from Montserrat to represent the West Indies senior side at international level when he made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Pakistan on 12 November 2008. His first wicket in international cricket was that of Salman Butt, bowled. He did not bat and after coming on to bowl first change, finished the match with bowling figures of 9–0–47–3, also claiming the scalps of Younis Khan and Shahid Afridi as the West Indies narrowly lost by four wickets.
Baker made his Test debut on 11 December, playing against New Zealand.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Montserratian cricketers
Leeward Islands cricketers
West Indies Test cricketers
West Indies One Day International cricketers
West Indies Twenty20 International cricketers
West Indies B cricketers |
Tiia-Maria Talvitie (born 3 April 1994) is a Finnish biathlete.
References
1994 births
Living people
Finnish female biathletes
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The First State Bank of Hazel, located on Main St. west of its junction with Highway 22 in Hazel, South Dakota, was built in 1901. It has also been known as Farmers State Bank of Hazel. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
It is a brick one-story flat-roof commercial style building.
It was deemed notable "for its contribution to commerce and economic development in Hazel, South Dakota" and for its architecture, as "a representative example of an early 20th century commercial building." It is in fact the only surviving architecturally intact historic commercial building in Hazel.
References
Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota
Neoclassical architecture in South Dakota
Early Commercial architecture in the United States
Buildings and structures completed in 1901
Hamlin County, South Dakota |
İğdeli is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Horasan, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 192 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Horasan District |
```ruby
require_relative "empty_directory"
class Bundler::Thor
module Actions
# Copies recursively the files from source directory to root directory.
# If any of the files finishes with .tt, it's considered to be a template
# and is placed in the destination without the extension .tt. If any
# empty directory is found, it's copied and all .empty_directory files are
# ignored. If any file name is wrapped within % signs, the text within
# the % signs will be executed as a method and replaced with the returned
# value. Let's suppose a doc directory with the following files:
#
# doc/
# components/.empty_directory
# README
# rdoc.rb.tt
# %app_name%.rb
#
# When invoked as:
#
# directory "doc"
#
# It will create a doc directory in the destination with the following
# files (assuming that the `app_name` method returns the value "blog"):
#
# doc/
# components/
# README
# rdoc.rb
# blog.rb
#
# <b>Encoded path note:</b> Since Bundler::Thor internals use Object#respond_to? to check if it can
# expand %something%, this `something` should be a public method in the class calling
# #directory. If a method is private, Bundler::Thor stack raises PrivateMethodEncodedError.
#
# ==== Parameters
# source<String>:: the relative path to the source root.
# destination<String>:: the relative path to the destination root.
# config<Hash>:: give :verbose => false to not log the status.
# If :recursive => false, does not look for paths recursively.
# If :mode => :preserve, preserve the file mode from the source.
# If :exclude_pattern => /regexp/, prevents copying files that match that regexp.
#
# ==== Examples
#
# directory "doc"
# directory "doc", "docs", :recursive => false
#
def directory(source, *args, &block)
config = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
destination = args.first || source
action Directory.new(self, source, destination || source, config, &block)
end
class Directory < EmptyDirectory #:nodoc:
attr_reader :source
def initialize(base, source, destination = nil, config = {}, &block)
@source = File.expand_path(Dir[Util.escape_globs(base.find_in_source_paths(source.to_s))].first)
@block = block
super(base, destination, {:recursive => true}.merge(config))
end
def invoke!
base.empty_directory given_destination, config
execute!
end
def revoke!
execute!
end
protected
def execute!
lookup = Util.escape_globs(source)
lookup = config[:recursive] ? File.join(lookup, "**") : lookup
lookup = file_level_lookup(lookup)
files(lookup).sort.each do |file_source|
next if File.directory?(file_source)
next if config[:exclude_pattern] && file_source.match(config[:exclude_pattern])
file_destination = File.join(given_destination, file_source.gsub(source, "."))
file_destination.gsub!("/./", "/")
case file_source
when /\.empty_directory$/
dirname = File.dirname(file_destination).gsub(%r{/\.$}, "")
next if dirname == given_destination
base.empty_directory(dirname, config)
when /#{TEMPLATE_EXTNAME}$/
base.template(file_source, file_destination[0..-4], config, &@block)
else
base.copy_file(file_source, file_destination, config, &@block)
end
end
end
def file_level_lookup(previous_lookup)
File.join(previous_lookup, "*")
end
def files(lookup)
Dir.glob(lookup, File::FNM_DOTMATCH)
end
end
end
end
``` |
Trip The Light Fantastic is the solo debut album from Ladybug Mecca, a member from hip-hop group Digable Planets. The album was released June 2005 on the indie label Nu Paradigm and features production by jazz musician Brian Jackson, who had also toured with Digable Planets. The album consists of a variety of genres, including samba, hip-hop, jazz, and rock. Ladybug Mecca raps and sings on the album.
Track listing
Dark Matter
Don't Disturb the Peace
Children Say
Ladybug Come Outside
Show the World
Mr. Mayor
Dogg Starr
Leaving It All Behind
Sexual Alchemy
Centre of Nowhere
Please Don't
Last Train (featuring Martin Luther)
Sweet & Polite
Suicidethol (Killufast Capsules) 100/mg
You Never Get Over It
Remember When?
Oh Poor You
Step Up Wise
If I Need to Move On (Sometimes) [bonus track]
References
2005 albums
Ladybug Mecca albums |
Cushing Island, or Cushing's Island, is a privately owned island in Casco Bay in the U.S. state of Maine. Part of the city of Portland, roughly 45 families live there seasonally.
History
In 1623-24 English explorer Christopher Levett built a blockhouse on the island, part of granted him by the English King. Levett left behind a group of settlers to carry on after he returned to England. But the naval captain and adventurer never returned, and the fate of the men is unknown. After Levett's occupation the island was known as Andrews Island. Levett's early settlement earned him the sobriquet "the pioneer colonist in Casco Bay" from eminent Maine historian James Phinney Baxter.
After a host of owners, in September 1734, Nathaniel Jones conveyed the island to Joshua Bangs. The island was then known as 'Bangs Island'. The name 'Bangs Island' will be found on maps from the period. In the late 1750s Ezekiel Cushing obtained the island from Bangs. In 1760, Bangs regained the island. The island was later conveyed to Jedediah Preble, Joshua Bangs' son-in-law after Bangs' death. Simeon Skillings, a relation of Preble's later lived on the island and purchased small parts of the land. Lemuel Cushing, a fourth cousin of Ezekiel Cushing purchased most of the island in 1859. Cushing then consolidated the holdings of the Preble's and the Skilling's, becoming the sole owner of the island. Born in Quebec, Canada, to Massachusetts emigrants, Lemuel Cushing planned to turn the island into a summer resort and built the Ottawa House hotel. Lemuel's son Francis Cushing formed the Cushing's Island Company in 1883 and hired Frederick Law Olmsted the same year to develop the island as a planned 'summer colony'. Olmsted designed the landscape of the island, along with architect John Calvin Stevens.
The first Ottawa House was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1888. The second Ottawa House burned down in 1917 and was not rebuilt.
The United States Army began acquiring land on the island in the 1890s to build Fort Levett, named for explorer Christopher Levett, the English explorer and first settler of what is now Portland, which eventually grew to 200 acres (0.8 km²). (The island was initially known as Levett's Island, after the first English settler of Maine. Levett has been described by the eminent Maine historian James Phinney Baxter as "the first owner of the soil of Portland.") It was last used during World War II for coastal defense. That land was purchased by island residents in 1970. The island is now privately owned.
The island has a US Coast Guard Cutter that bears its name, USCGC Cushing (WPB-1321), previously stationed in Mobile, AL and currently homeported in Atlantic Beach, North Carolina.
Notable places
The island is inhabited seasonally. A caretaker lives on the island year round. Some of the private homes can be rented. Little Beach faces Portland Harbor. Big Beach is located on the southern end of the island. Whitehead is a sheer rock cliff on the northern end of the island across from Peaks Island.
Ferry service is provided by the St Croix, which departs from Long Wharf in Portland and lands at the summer dock, also known as Civilian Dock. Access to the island is for private/owners use only. Water taxi service is available from Portland. Many of the islanders also own boats, with berthing spaces at Civilian and Government docks.
Much of the island is a nature preserve owned by the Cushings Island Conservation and protected from development. This area is largely forested with well-maintained walking trails and abandoned military fortifications from when it was the US Army’s Fort Levitt.
See also
List of islands of Maine
References
Islands of Portland, Maine
Frederick Law Olmsted works
Islands of Casco Bay
1623 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Private islands of Maine |
Ekaterina Dzehalevich and Lesia Tsurenko were the defending champions, but both chose not to participate.
Ekaterina Ivanova and Andreja Klepač won the title when Vitalia Diatchenko and Alexandra Panova withdrew from the final.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
Main draw
Qualifying draw
2011 ITF Women's Circuit
2011,Doubles
2011 in Russian tennis |
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural psychology, developed by Geert Hofstede. It shows the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis.
Hofstede developed his original model as a result of using factor analysis to examine the results of a worldwide survey of employee values by IBM between 1967 and 1973. It has been refined since. The original theory proposed four dimensions along which cultural values could be analyzed: individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance (strength of social hierarchy) and masculinity-femininity (task-orientation versus person-orientation). The Hofstede Cultural Dimensions factor analysis is based on extensive cultural preferences research conducted by Gert Jan Hofstede and his research teams. Hofstede based his research on national cultural preferences rather than individual cultural preferences. Professor Hofstede included six key aspects of national culture country comparison scales, including: the power distance index (PDI), individualism vs. collectivism (IDV), masculinity versus femininity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), long term orientation versus short term normative orientation (LTO), and indulgence versus restraint (IVR). The PDI describes the degree to which authority is accepted and followed. The IDV measures the extent to which people look out for each other as a team or look out for themselves as an individual. MAS represents specific values that a society values. The UAI describes to what extent nations avoid the unknown. LTO expresses how societies either prioritize traditions or seek for the modern in their dealings with the present and the future. The IVR index is a comparison between a country's willingness to wait for long-term benefits by holding off on instant gratification, or preferences to no restraints on enjoying life at the present.
Independent research in Hong Kong led Hofstede to add a fifth dimension, long-term orientation, to cover aspects of values not discussed in the original paradigm. In 2010, Hofstede added a sixth dimension, indulgence versus self-restraint. Hofstede's work established a major research tradition in cross-cultural psychology and has also been drawn upon by researchers and consultants in many fields relating to international business and communication. The theory has been widely used in several fields as a paradigm for research, particularly in cross-cultural psychology, international management, and cross-cultural communication. It continues to be a major resource in cross-cultural fields.
History
In 1965 Hofstede founded the personnel research department of IBM Europe (which he managed until 1971). Between 1967 and 1973, he executed a large survey study regarding national values differences across the worldwide subsidiaries of this multinational corporation: he compared the answers of 117,000 IBM matched employees samples on the same attitude survey in different countries. He first focused his research on the 40 largest countries, and then extended it to 50 countries and 3 regions, "at that time probably the largest matched-sample cross-national database available anywhere." The theory was one of the first quantifiable theories that could be used to explain observed differences between cultures.
This initial analysis identified systematic differences in national cultures on four primary dimensions: power distance (PDI), individualism (IDV), uncertainty avoidance (UAI) and masculinity (MAS), which are described below. As Hofstede explains on his academic website, these dimensions regard "four anthropological problem areas that different national societies handle differently: ways of coping with inequality, ways of coping with uncertainty, the relationship of the individual with her or his primary group, and the emotional implications of having been born as a girl or as a boy". In 1984 he published Culture's Consequences, a book which combines the statistical analysis from the survey research with his personal experiences.
In order to confirm the early results from the IBM study and to extend them to a variety of populations, six subsequent cross-national studies were successfully conducted between 1990 and 2002. Covering between 14 and 28 countries each, the samples included commercial airline pilots, students, civil service managers, 'up-market' consumers and 'elites'. The combined research established value scores on the four dimensions for a total of 76 countries and regions.
In 1991 Michael Harris Bond and colleagues conducted a study among students in 23 countries, using a survey instrument developed with Chinese employees and managers. The results from this study led Hofstede to add a new fifth dimension to his model: long-term orientation (LTO), initially called Confucian dynamism. In 2010, the scores for this dimension were extended to 93 countries thanks to the research of Michael Minkov, who used data from the recent World Values Survey. Further research has refined some of the original dimensions, and introduced the difference between country-level and individual-level data in analysis.
Finally, Minkov's World Values Survey data analysis of 93 representative samples of national populations also led Geert Hofstede to identify a sixth last dimension: indulgence versus restraint.
Dimensions of national cultures
Power distance index (PDI): The power distance index is defined as "the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally". A higher degree of the Index indicates that hierarchy is clearly established and executed in society, without doubt or reason. A lower degree of the Index signifies that people question authority and attempt to distribute power.
Individualism vs. collectivism (IDV): This index explores the "degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups". Individualistic societies have loose ties that often only relate an individual to his/her immediate family. They emphasize the "I" versus the "we". Its counterpart, collectivism, describes a society in which tightly integrated relationships tie extended families and others into in-groups. These in-groups are laced with undoubted loyalty and support each other when a conflict arises with another in-group.
Uncertainty avoidance (UAI): The uncertainty avoidance index is defined as "a society's tolerance for ambiguity", in which people embrace or avert an event of something unexpected, unknown, or away from the status quo. Societies that score a high degree in this index opt for stiff codes of behavior, guidelines, laws, and generally rely on absolute truth, or the belief that one lone truth dictates everything and that people know what it is. A lower degree in this index shows more acceptance of differing thoughts or ideas. Society tends to impose fewer regulations, ambiguity is more accustomed to, and the environment is more free-flowing.
Masculinity vs. femininity (MAS): In this dimension, masculinity is defined as "a preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and material rewards for success." Its counterpart represents "a preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life." Women in the respective societies tend to display different values. In feminine societies, they share modest and caring views equally with men. In more masculine societies, women are somewhat assertive and competitive, but notably less than men. In other words, they still recognize a gap between male and female values. This dimension is frequently viewed as taboo in highly masculine societies.
Long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation (LTO): This dimension associates the connection of the past with the current and future actions/challenges. A lower degree of this index (short-term) indicates that traditions are honored and kept, while steadfastness is valued. Societies with a high degree in this index (long-term) view adaptation and circumstantial, pragmatic problem-solving as a necessity. A poor country that is short-term oriented usually has little to no economic development, while long-term oriented countries continue to develop to a level of prosperity.
Indulgence vs. restraint (IND): This dimension refers to the degree of freedom that societal norms give to citizens in fulfilling their human desires. Indulgence is defined as "a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun". Its counterpart is defined as "a society that controls gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms".
Differences between cultures on the values dimensions
Putting together national scores (from 1 for the lowest to 100 for the highest), Hofstede's six-dimensions model allows international comparison between cultures, also called comparative research:
Power distance index shows very high scores for Latin American and Asian countries, African areas and the Arab world. On the other hand, Germanic countries, including Anglophone countries, have a lower power distance (only 11 for Austria and 18 for Denmark).
For example, the United States has a 40 on the cultural scale of Hofstede's analysis. Compared to Guatemala where the power distance is very high (95) and Israel where it is very low (13), the United States is in the middle.
Germany scores a high UAI (65) and Belgium even more (94) compared to Sweden (29) or Denmark (23) despite their geographic proximity. However, few countries have very low UAI.
Masculinity is extremely low in Nordic countries: Norway scores 8 and Sweden only 5. In contrast, Masculinity is very high in Japan (95), and in European countries like Hungary, Austria and Switzerland influenced by German culture. In the Anglo world, masculinity scores are relatively high with 66 for the United Kingdom for example. Latin American countries present contrasting scores: for example Venezuela has a 73-point score whereas Chile's is only 28.
High long-term orientation scores are typically found in East Asia, with South Korea having the highest possible score of 100, Taiwan 93 and Japan 88. They are moderate in Eastern and Western Europe, and low in the Anglo countries, Africa and in Latin America. However, there is less data about this dimension.
Individualism (IDV) is high in the US (91), Australia (90), and Great Britain (89). Contrarily Hong Kong and Serbia (25), Malaysia (26), and Portugal (27) are considered to be collectivists.
There is even less data about the sixth dimension. Indulgence scores are highest in Latin America, parts of Africa, the Anglo world and Nordic Europe; restraint is mostly found in East Asia and Eastern Europe.
Correlations of values with other country differences
Researchers have grouped some countries together by comparing countries' value scores with other country difference such as geographical proximity, shared language, related historical background, similar religious beliefs and practices, common philosophical influences, and identical political systems; in other words, everything which is implied by the definition of a nation's culture. For example, low power distance is associated with consultative political practices and income equity, whereas high power distance is correlated with unequal income distribution, as well as bribery and corruption in domestic politics. Individualism is positively correlated with social mobility, national wealth, or the quality of government. As a country becomes richer, its culture becomes more individualistic.
Another example of correlation was drawn by the Sigma Two Group in 2003, who presented a correlation between countries' cultural dimensions and their predominant religion. "Predominant" is here defined as over 50% of the country's population identifying as a member of that religion, based on the World Factbook 2002. On average, predominantly Catholic countries show very high uncertainty avoidance, relatively high power distance, moderate masculinity and relatively low individualism, whereas predominantly atheist countries have low uncertainty avoidance, very high power distance, moderate masculinity, and very low individualism. Coelho (2011) found inverse correlations between rates of specific kinds of innovation in manufacturing companies and the percentage of large companies per country as well as the employment of a specific kind of manufacturing strategy.
The quantification of cultural dimensions enables people to make cross-regional comparisons and form an image of the differences between not just countries but entire regions. For example, the cultural model of the Mediterranean countries is dominated by high levels of acceptance of inequalities, with uncertainty aversion influencing their choices. With regard to individualism, Mediterranean countries tend to be characterized by moderate levels of individualistic behavior. The same applies to masculinity. Future orientation places Mediterranean countries in a middle ranking, and they show a preference for indulgence values.
Power distance index is positively correlated with the ratio of companies with process innovation only over the companies with any of the three types of innovation considered in the country (determinant of correlation: 28%). Hence in countries with higher power distance, innovative manufacturing companies are somewhat more bound to resort to process innovations. Power distance index occurs more often in technological societies with a representative government and a good basic education system, whereas high PDI is associated with economic inequality.
Applications of the model
Importance of cultural-difference awareness
Instead of the convergence phenomena experts expected with information technology proliferation (the "global village culture"), cultural differences are still significant today and diversity has tended to increase. So, in order to be able to have respectful cross-cultural relations, we have to be aware of these cultural differences.
With this model, Geert Hofstede shed light on these differences. The tool can be used to give a general overview and an approximate understanding of other cultures, what to expect from them and how to behave towards groups from other countries.
Practical applications of theory
Geert Hofstede is perhaps the best known sociologist of culture and anthropologist in the context of applications for understanding international business. Many articles and research papers refer to his publications, with over 26,000 citations to his 2001 book Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations (which is an updated version of his first publication). The five dimensions model is widely used in many domains of human social life, and particularly in the field of business. Practical applications were developed almost immediately.
International communication
In business it is commonly agreed that communication is one of the primary concerns. So, for professionals who work internationally; people who interact daily with other people from different countries within their company or with other companies abroad; Hofstede's model gives insights into other cultures. In fact, cross-cultural communication requires being aware of cultural differences because what may be considered perfectly acceptable and natural in one country, can be confusing or even offensive in another. All the levels in communication are affected by cultural dimensions: verbals (words and language itself), non-verbals (body language, gestures) and etiquette do's and don'ts (clothing, gift-giving, dining, customs and protocol). This is also valid for written communication, as explained in William Wardrobe's essay Beyond Hofstede: Cultural applications for communication with Latin American Businesses.
International negotiation
In international negotiations, communication style, expectation, issue ranking and goals will change according to the negotiators' countries of origin. If applied properly, an understanding of cultural dimensions should increase success in negotiations and reduce frustration and conflicts. For example, in a negotiation between Chinese and Canadians, the Canadian negotiators may want to reach an agreement and sign a contract, whereas the Chinese negotiators may want to spend more time for non-business activities, small-talk and hospitality with preferences for protocol and form in order to first establish the relationship.
"When negotiating in Western countries, the objective is to work toward a target of mutual understanding and agreement and 'shake-hands' when that agreement is reached – a cultural signal of the end of negotiations and the start of 'working together'.
In Middle Eastern countries much negotiation takes place leading into the 'agreement', signified by shaking hands. However, the deal is not complete in the Middle Eastern culture. In fact, it is a cultural sign that 'serious' negotiations are just beginning."
International management
These considerations are also true in international management and cross-cultural leadership. Decisions taken have to be based on the country's customs and values.
When working in international companies, managers may provide training to their employees to make them sensitive to cultural differences, develop nuanced business practices, with protocols across countries. Hofstede's dimensions offer guidelines for defining culturally acceptable approaches to corporate organizations.
As a part of the public domain, Geert Hofstede's work is used by numerous consultancies worldwide.
International marketing
The six-dimension model is very useful in international marketing because it defines national values not only in business context but in general. Marieke de Mooij has studied the application of Hofstede's findings in the field of global branding, advertising strategy and consumer behavior. As companies try to adapt their products and services to local habits and preferences they have to understand the specificity of their market.
For example, if you want to market cars in a country where the uncertainty avoidance is high, you should emphasize their safety, whereas in other countries you may base your advertisement on the social image they give you.
Cell phone marketing is another interesting example of the application of Hofstede's model for cultural differences: if you want to advertise cell phones in China, you may show a collective experience whereas in the United States you may show how an individual uses it to save time and money.
The variety of application of Hofstede's abstract theory is so wide that it has even been translated in the field of web designing in which you have to adapt to national preferences according to cultures' values.
Limitations of Hofstede's model
Even though Hofstede's model is generally accepted as the most comprehensive framework of national cultures' values by those studying business culture, its validity and its limitations have been extensively criticized.
The most cited critique is McSweeney. Hofstede replied to that critique and McSweeney responded. Also Ailon deconstructed Hofstede's book Culture's Consequences by mirroring it against its own assumptions and logic. Ailon finds inconsistencies at the level of both theory and methodology and cautions against an uncritical reading of Hofstede's cultural dimensions. Hofstede replied to that critique and Ailon responded.
Questionable choice of national level
Aside from Hofstede's six cultural dimensions, there are other factors on which culture can be analyzed. There are other levels for assessing culture besides the level of the nation-state. These levels are overlooked often because of the nature of the construction of these levels. There is sampling discrepancy that disqualifies the survey from being authoritative on organizations, or societies, or nations as the interviews involved sales and engineering personnel with few, if any, women and undoubtedly fewer social minorities participating (Moussetes, 2007). Even if country indices were used to control for wealth, latitude, population size, density and growth; privileged males working as engineers or sales personnel in one of the elite organizations of the world, pioneering one of the first multinational projects in history, cannot be claimed to represent their nations.
Individual level: cultural dimensions versus individual personalities
Hofstede acknowledges that the cultural dimensions he identified, as culture and values, are social constructions, which are the ideas in the world developed by people, and can differ between the different groups and change as time goes by(Burr & Dick, 2017). They are tools meant to be used in practical applications. Generalizations about one country’s culture are helpful, but they have to be regarded just as guidelines, and they do not necessarily apply to everyone. They are group-level dimensions which describe national averages which apply to the population in its entirety. For example, a Japanese person can be very comfortable in changing situations whereas on average, Japanese people have high uncertainty avoidance. There are still exceptions to the rule. Hofstede's theory can be contrasted with its equivalence at individual level: the trait theory about human personality.
Variations on the typologies of collectivism and individualism have been proposed (Triandis, 1995; Gouveia and Ros, 2000). Self-expression and individualism usually increase with economic growth (Inglehart, 1997) independent of any culture, and can help small populations faced with outside competition for resources. (Some examples do exist of collectivist cultures that experienced rapid economic growth yet held on to their collectivist culture, such as the citizens of United Arab Emirates "United Arab Emirates Hofstede Insights". Retrieved 8 June 2020. and other GCC nations). Entitled individuals in positions of power embrace autonomy even if they live in a "collective" culture. Therefore, they might not really inform us at all about any particular organizational dynamic, nor do they inform about the organizational and individual variations within similar socio-economic circumstances. Individual aggregate needs careful separation from nation aggregate (Smith et al., 2008). Whereas individuals are the basic subject of psychological analysis (Smith, 2004), the socialization of individuals and their interaction with society is a matter to be studied at the level of families, peers, neighborhoods, schools, cities, and nations each with its own statistical imprint of culture (Smith, 2004). S. Schwartz controlled his theory “Schwartz theory of basic values,” which indicates that ten personal values are influenced by individual’s inner motivation(Schwartz, 2022), with GNP and a social index, leading to his proposal of differentiated individual and nation indices of itemized values (Schwartz, 1992; 1994) for cross-cultural comparison. The assumed "isomorphism of constructs" has been central to deciding how to use and understand culture in the managerial sciences (Van de Vijver et al. 2008; Fischer, 2009). As no individual can create his/her discourse and sense-making process in isolation to the rest of society, individuals are poor candidates for cultural sense-making. Postmodern criticism rejects the possibility of any self-determining individual because the unitary, personal self is an illusion of contemporary society evidenced by the necessary reproductions and simulations in language and behavior that individuals engage in to sustain membership in any society (Baudrillard, 1983; Alvesson & Deetz, 2006).
Organizational level
Within and across countries, individuals are also parts of organizations such as companies. Hofstede acknowledges that "the […] dimensions of national cultures are not relevant for comparing organizations within the same country". In contrast with national cultures embedded in values, organizational cultures are embedded in practices.
From 1985 to 1987, Hofstede's institute IRIC (Institute for Research on Intercultural Cooperation) has conducted a separate research project in order to study organizational culture. Including 20 organizational units in two countries (Denmark and the Netherlands), six different dimensions of practices, or communities of practice have been identified:
Process-Oriented vs. Results-Oriented
Employee-Oriented vs. Job-Oriented
Parochial vs. Professional
Open System vs. Closed System
Loose Control vs. Tight Control
Pragmatic vs. Normative
Managing international organizations involves understanding both national and organizational cultures. Communities of practice across borders are significant for multinationals in order to hold the company together.
Occupational level
Within the occupational level, there is a certain degree of values and convictions that people hold with respect to the national and organizational cultures they are part of. The culture of management as an occupation has components from national and organizational cultures. This is an important distinction from the organizational level.
Gender level
When describing culture, gender differences are largely not taken into consideration. However, there are certain factors that are useful to analyze in the discussion of cross-cultural communication. According to Hofstede's model, men's culture differs greatly from women's culture within each society. Although men and women can often perform the same duties from a technical standpoint, there are often situations to which each gender has a different response. In situations where one gender responds in an alternative manner to their prescribed roles, the other sex may not even accept their deviant gender role. The level of reactions experienced by people exposed to foreign cultures can be compared similarly to the reactions of gender behaviors of the opposite sex. The degree of gender differentiation in a country depends primarily on the culture within that nation and its history.
Hofstede's masculine-feminine dichotomy divides organizations into those exhibiting either compassion, solidarity, collectivism and universalism, or competition, autonomy, merit, results and responsibility. The bipolar model follows typical distinctions made between liberal or socialist political philosophy for Hofstede. Although liberal economies value assertiveness, autonomy, materialism, aggression, money, competition and rationalism, welfare socialism seeks protection and provision for the weak, greater involvement with the environment, an emphasis on nature and well-being, and a strong respect for quality of life and collective responsibilities. According to Gilligan, this dimension is eurocentric and sexist. During the period of Hofstede's study, 'masculine' societies (USA, Japan, Germany) happened to be the most successful economically, while the successful 'feminine' societies (Scandinavia, Costa Rica, France, Thailand) had smaller populations, less economic scale, and/or strong collective or welfare philosophies.
See also
Cross-cultural communication
Cultural relativism
GLOBE study on Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness
Intercultural communication
National character studies
Trompenaars's model of national culture differences
Uncertainty reduction theory
References
Further reading
, Read it
Alvesson, M. & Deetz, S. (2006). Critical Theory and Postmodernism Approaches to Organizational Studies. In S. Clegg, C. Hardy, T. Lawrence, W. Nord (Eds.). The Sage Handbook of Organization Studies (2nd ed). London: Sage, 255–283.
Coelho, D. A. (2011). A study on the relation between manufacturing strategy, company size, country culture and product and process innovation in Europe. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 7(2), 152–165.
Fischer, R. (2009). Where is Culture in Cross-Cultural Research?: An Outline of a Multilevel Research Process for Measuring Culture as a Shared Meaning System. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9: 25–48.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Inglehart, Ronald (1997). Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, Ronald & Miguel Basanez, Jaime Diez-Medrano, Loek Halman and Ruud Luijkx (2004) (eds.) Human Beliefs and Values: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook based on the 1999–2002 values surveys. Mexico, Siglo Beintiuno editors.
Moussetes, A. (2007). The absence of women's voices in Hofstede's Cultural Consequences: A postcolonial reading. Women in Management Review, 22, 443–445.
Schwartz, S.H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M.Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic Press, 25, 1–65.
Schwartz S.H. (1994). Beyond Individualism and Collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S., Choi, C. & Yoon, G. (Eds.), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method and application. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, 85–119.
Schwartz, S.H. (2007). Value Orientations: Measurement, Antecedents and Consequences across Nations. In J. Jowell, C. Roberts, R. Fitzgerald, G. Eva (Eds.), Measuring Attitudes Cross-Nationally: Lessons from the European Social Survey. London: Sage.
Smith, P.B. (2004). Nations, Cultures and Individuals : New Perspectives on Old Dilemmas. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 6–12.
Smith, P. (2008). Indigenous Aspects of Management. In P. Smith, Peterson, M., Thomas, D. (Eds.), The Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management Research. Sage, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, 319–332.
Smith, P., Peterson, M., Thomas, D. (Eds.). (2008). The Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management Research. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder CO: Westview Press.
Van de Vijver, F.J.R., van Hemert, D.A., Poortinga, Y.H. (Eds.). (2008). Individuals and Cultures in Multilevel Analysis. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
External links
Geert Hofstede's academic website
The Hofstede Centre
Cross-cultural psychology
Organizational culture |
Corozal () is a town and municipality in the Sucre Department, northern Colombia.
Notable people
José Serpa (born 1979) professional cyclist
References
Gobernacion de Sucre - Corozal
Corozal official website
Sucre |
Soisalo () is an area in central Finland, south of Kuopio. It is commonly regarded as the largest island of Finland. While it is an area of land surrounded by water (the lakes Kallavesi, Unnukka, Suvasvesi and Kermajärvi), as the lakes are narrow in places they are more like rivers, there is an argument that it is not a true island.
References
Lake islands of Finland |
Deh Musa (, also Romanized as Deh Mūsá, Deh Moosa, and Deh Mūsī; also known as Temūsa and Tīmūsi) is a village in Khezel-e Sharqi Rural District, Khezel District, Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 874, in 183 families.
References
Populated places in Nahavand County |
Wiśniowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdnica, within Świdnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
It lies approximately north-east of Świdnica, and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Villages in Świdnica County |
Samuele Rossi (born 22 January 2001) is a Seychellois swimmer. In 2019, he represented Seychelles at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea and he finished in 91st place in the heats in the men's 50 metre freestyle event. In the men's 50 metre backstroke he finished in 69th place in the heats.
In 2018, he represented Seychelles at the 2018 Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia. He competed in the men's 50 metre breaststroke, men's 100 metre breaststroke and men's 200 metre breaststroke events. He also competed in the men's 200 metre individual medley.
He represented Seychelles at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. He competed in three men's breaststroke events: 50 metre, 100 metre and 200 metre as well as the men's 50 metre freestyle. In each event he did not advance to compete in the final.
References
Living people
2001 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Seychellois male swimmers
Male backstroke swimmers
Male breaststroke swimmers
Seychellois male freestyle swimmers
Commonwealth Games competitors for Seychelles
Swimmers at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Swimmers at the 2019 African Games
African Games competitors for Seychelles |
Brittany LeBorgne is a Mohawk actress from Canada. She is most noted for her role as Zoe in the television series Mohawk Girls, for which she received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actress in a Comedy Series at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016.
Originally from Kahnawake, Quebec, she studied journalism at Concordia University and has been a journalist for the community newspaper The Eastern Door. She is currently based in Montreal.
In addition to Mohawk Girls, LeBorgne has also appeared in the films Rustic Oracle, Beans, The Inhuman (L'Inhumain) and This Place, and has had guest roles in the television series The Bold Type and Street Legal.
References
External links
21st-century Canadian actresses
Actresses from Quebec
Canadian film actresses
Canadian Mohawk people
Canadian television actresses
Concordia University alumni
First Nations actresses
Living people
Mohawks of Kahnawá:ke
People from Montérégie
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Agios Chariton ( "Saint Chariton"; "Ergenekon", previously ) is a small village in Cyprus. It is located north of Marathovounos, on the south side of the Kyrenia mountain range. Agios Chariton is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. As of 2011, it had a population of 96. It has historically been a Turkish Cypriot village.
References
Communities in Famagusta District
Populated places in Gazimağusa District |
```go
package migrations
import (
"strings"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/model/account"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/model/app"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/model/bitwarden"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/model/bitwarden/settings"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/model/instance"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/model/job"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/pkg/config/config"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/pkg/consts"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/pkg/couchdb"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/pkg/crypto"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/pkg/logger"
"github.com/cozy/cozy-stack/pkg/metadata"
multierror "github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
)
type vaultReference struct {
ID string `json:"_id"`
Type string `json:"_type"`
Protocol string `json:"_protocol"`
}
func isAdditionalField(fieldName string) bool {
return !(fieldName == "login" ||
fieldName == "password" ||
fieldName == "advancedFields")
}
// Builds a cipher from an io.cozy.account
//
// A raw JSONDoc is used to be able to access auth.fields
func buildCipher(orgKey []byte, manifest *app.KonnManifest, account couchdb.JSONDoc, url string, log *logger.Entry) (*bitwarden.Cipher, error) {
log.Infof("Building ciphers...")
auth, _ := account.M["auth"].(map[string]interface{})
username, _ := auth["login"].(string)
password, _ := auth["password"].(string)
email, _ := auth["email"].(string)
// Special case if the email field is used instead of login
if username == "" && email != "" {
username = email
}
key := orgKey[:32]
hmac := orgKey[32:]
ivURL := crypto.GenerateRandomBytes(16)
encURL, err := crypto.EncryptWithAES256HMAC(key, hmac, []byte(url), ivURL)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
u := bitwarden.LoginURI{URI: encURL, Match: nil}
uris := []bitwarden.LoginURI{u}
ivName := crypto.GenerateRandomBytes(16)
encName, err := crypto.EncryptWithAES256HMAC(key, hmac, []byte(manifest.Name()), ivName)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ivUsername := crypto.GenerateRandomBytes(16)
encUsername, err := crypto.EncryptWithAES256HMAC(key, hmac, []byte(username), ivUsername)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ivPassword := crypto.GenerateRandomBytes(16)
encPassword, err := crypto.EncryptWithAES256HMAC(key, hmac, []byte(password), ivPassword)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
login := &bitwarden.LoginData{
Username: encUsername,
Password: encPassword,
URIs: uris,
}
md := metadata.New()
md.DocTypeVersion = bitwarden.DocTypeVersion
bitwardenFields := make([]bitwarden.Field, 0)
for name, rawValue := range auth {
value, ok := rawValue.(string)
if !ok {
continue
}
if !isAdditionalField(name) {
continue
}
ivName := crypto.GenerateRandomBytes(16)
encName, err := crypto.EncryptWithAES256HMAC(key, hmac, []byte(name), ivName)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ivValue := crypto.GenerateRandomBytes(16)
encValue, err := crypto.EncryptWithAES256HMAC(key, hmac, []byte(value), ivValue)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
field := bitwarden.Field{
Name: encName,
Value: encValue,
Type: bitwarden.FieldTypeText,
}
bitwardenFields = append(bitwardenFields, field)
}
c := bitwarden.Cipher{
Type: bitwarden.LoginType,
Name: encName,
Login: login,
SharedWithCozy: true,
Metadata: md,
Fields: bitwardenFields,
}
return &c, nil
}
func getCipherLinkFromManifest(manifest *app.KonnManifest) (string, error) {
link, ok := manifest.VendorLink().(string)
if !ok {
return "", nil
}
link = strings.Trim(link, "'")
return link, nil
}
func updateSettings(inst *instance.Instance, attempt int, log *logger.Entry) error {
log.Infof("Updating bitwarden settings after migration...")
// Reload the setting in case the revision changed
setting, err := settings.Get(inst)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// This flag is checked at the extension pre-login to run the migration or not
setting.ExtensionInstalled = true
err = settings.UpdateRevisionDate(inst, setting)
if err != nil {
if couchdb.IsConflictError(err) && attempt < 2 {
return updateSettings(inst, attempt+1, log)
}
}
return nil
}
func addCipherRelationshipToAccount(acc couchdb.JSONDoc, cipher *bitwarden.Cipher) {
vRef := vaultReference{
ID: cipher.ID(),
Type: consts.BitwardenCiphers,
Protocol: consts.BitwardenProtocol,
}
relationships, ok := acc.M["relationships"].(map[string]interface{})
if !ok {
relationships = make(map[string]interface{})
}
rel := map[string]vaultReference{"data": vRef}
relationships[consts.BitwardenCipherRelationship] = rel
acc.M["relationships"] = relationships
}
// Migrates all the encrypted accounts to Bitwarden ciphers.
// It decrypts each account, reencrypt the fields with the organization key,
// and save it in the ciphers database.
func migrateAccountsToOrganization(domain string) error {
inst, err := instance.Get(domain)
if err != nil {
return err
}
mu := config.Lock().ReadWrite(inst, "migrate-accounts")
if err := mu.Lock(); err != nil {
return err
}
defer mu.Unlock()
log := inst.Logger().WithNamespace("migration")
setting, err := settings.Get(inst)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if setting.ExtensionInstalled {
// The migration has already been run
return nil
}
// Get org key
if err := setting.EnsureCozyOrganization(inst); err != nil {
return err
}
orgKey, err := setting.OrganizationKey()
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Iterate over all triggers to get the konnectors with the associated account
jobsSystem := job.System()
triggers, err := jobsSystem.GetAllTriggers(inst)
if err != nil {
return err
}
var msg struct {
Account string `json:"account"`
Slug string `json:"konnector"`
}
var errm error
for _, t := range triggers {
if t.Infos().WorkerType != "konnector" {
continue
}
err := t.Infos().Message.Unmarshal(&msg)
if err != nil || msg.Account == "" || msg.Slug == "" {
continue
}
manifest, err := app.GetKonnectorBySlug(inst, msg.Slug)
if err != nil {
log.Warnf("Could not get manifest for %s", msg.Slug)
continue
}
link, err := getCipherLinkFromManifest(manifest)
if err != nil {
errm = multierror.Append(errm, err)
continue
}
if link == "" {
log.Warnf("No vendor_link in manifest for %s", msg.Slug)
continue
}
var accJSON couchdb.JSONDoc
if err := couchdb.GetDoc(inst, consts.Accounts, msg.Account, &accJSON); err != nil {
errm = multierror.Append(errm, err)
continue
}
accJSON.Type = consts.Accounts
account.Decrypt(accJSON)
cipher, err := buildCipher(orgKey, manifest, accJSON, link, log)
if err != nil {
errm = multierror.Append(errm, err)
continue
}
if err := couchdb.CreateDoc(inst, cipher); err != nil {
errm = multierror.Append(errm, err)
continue
}
addCipherRelationshipToAccount(accJSON, cipher)
account.Encrypt(accJSON)
log.Infof("Updating doc %s", accJSON)
if err := couchdb.UpdateDoc(inst, &accJSON); err != nil {
errm = multierror.Append(errm, err)
continue
}
}
err = updateSettings(inst, 0, log)
if err != nil {
errm = multierror.Append(errm, err)
}
return errm
}
``` |
Hofesh Shechter (born 3 May 1975) is an Israeli choreographer, dancer and composer based in London. He is best known for being the founder and artistic director of the Hofesh Shechter Company.
Shechter was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Choreography in 2016 for his work on Bartlett Sher's revival of Fiddler on the Roof. Since 2016, he has been named as one of The Stage's 100 most influential people in theatre.
Early life
Hofesh Shechter was born in Jerusalem, Israel, in 1975. At 6, Shechter began to study piano, later developing an interest in folk dance aged 12. At 15, he successfully auditioned for the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance as a pianist, but switched to dance upon his arrival, taking formal classes in ballet and modern dance.
Whilst still training as a dancer, Shechter was conscripted into the Israel Defence Forces on his eighteenth birthday. He later described this experience as "like an electrical short circuit in my brain".
Midway through the compulsory three years of his training, he moved to Tel Aviv when he was accepted as a junior into the Batsheva Dance Company. To complete his army duty, Shechter was given an evening clerical job, and would train with Batsheva by day.
Shechter graduated to the main company, where he danced in works by Ohad Naharin and Wim Vandekeybus, amongst others, whilst also studying percussion. After three years, Shechter left the company in order to play drums in a rock group, The Human Beings, and study music in Paris. In 2002, he moved to London to perform with the Jasmin Vardimon Company, creating Fragments in 2003 on an interim with the company. Shechter also composed the music for the production.
Shechter was then commissioned by The Place Prize in 2004 to create Cult, winning the Audience Choice Award. Further works include Uprising in 2006, In Your Rooms, which he expanded in 2007 to work for the three venues The Place, the Southbank Centre and Sadler's Wells, and The Art of Not Looking Back in 2009, for an all-female cast. In 2008 he choreographed the dance sequence that opened the second series of Skins. He formed the Hofesh Shechter Dance Company in 2008.
Major works
Fragments (2003)
Cult (2004)
Uprising (2006)
In your rooms (2007)
The Art of Not Looking Back (2009)
Political Mother (2010)
Survivor (2012), commissioned by The Barbican, co-staged by Antony Gormley
Sun (2013)
Political Mother: The Choreographer's Cut (2014)
Untouchable (2015), commissioned by The Royal Ballet
Orphee et Eurydice (2015), Royal Opera House Production
Barbarians (2015)
Clowns (2016), for Nederlands Dans Theater
Fiddler on the Roof (2016), Broadway revival
Grand Finale (2017)
Show (2018)
Political Mother Unplugged (2020)
Double Murder (2021)
Personal life
Shechter has lived in the UK since 2002.
Awards
In 2018, Shechter was awarded an honorary OBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours.
References
1975 births
People from Jerusalem
Honorary Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Israeli male ballet dancers
Israeli choreographers
Living people |
The Lake of the Ozarks Community Bridge is a continuous truss bridge in Lake Ozark, Missouri. Opened on May 2, 1998, the bridge connects the east and west sides of the Lake of the Ozarks area. The bridge is over long and . Construction on the bridge began in 1996 and the bridge cost over $43 million. To pay for the cost of the bridge, the bridge is a toll bridge with varying rates depending on the time of year.
History
The Lake of the Ozarks Community Bridge Corporation was founded in 1992 to begin development of the bridge. A feasibility study began and was completed in August 1993 showing that the bridge could be a successful project. Construction began in 1996 through Jacobs Engineering Group, and construction was finished on May 1, 1998. An opening ceremony was held that day, and the bridge opened to traffic the next day.
In 2011, a new highway leading directly from the bridge to Missouri Route 5, along with further improvements to the bridge itself, was proposed. A financing proposal was submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture for $41 million, but was rejected. As a result, tolls were increased by 50 cents year-round to $3 in-season and $2 out-of-season.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, bridge tolls were suspended in March 2020, but later resumed in May 2020. The suspension of tolls was the only major length of time in which the bridge was free to use.
Tolls
Construction of the bridge has been funded primarily by bridge tolls, mandated for all crossing vehicles. Tolls vary based on the time of year, costing less out-of-season (November through April) than in-season (May through October). Tolls on the bridge are not collected through an auto-collection system, and toll booths have been used throughout the bridge's existence. A report found that implementing an auto-collection system would not be cost-effective.
In 2018, revenues from the bridge totaled $3,822,2213, with an expected increase of 4% in 2019. Approximately $450,000 of the revenue is used to pay bridge and toll booth employees.
As of 2018, remaining costs on the bridge are $17,400,000. The board overseeing the bridge expects that the bridge could be fully paid off by 2026.
References
Lake of the Ozarks
Buildings and structures in Camden County, Missouri
Road bridges in Missouri
Continuous truss bridges in the United States
Bridges completed in 1998 |
The Mollweide projection is an equal-area, pseudocylindrical map projection generally used for maps of the world or celestial sphere. It is also known as the Babinet projection, homalographic projection, homolographic projection, and elliptical projection. The projection trades accuracy of angle and shape for accuracy of proportions in area, and as such is used where that property is needed, such as maps depicting global distributions.
The projection was first published by mathematician and astronomer Karl (or Carl) Brandan Mollweide (1774–1825) of Leipzig in 1805. It was reinvented and popularized in 1857 by Jacques Babinet, who gave it the name homalographic projection. The variation homolographic arose from frequent nineteenth-century usage in star atlases.
Properties
The Mollweide is a pseudocylindrical projection in which the equator is represented as a straight horizontal line perpendicular to a central meridian that is one-half the equator's length. The other parallels compress near the poles, while the other meridians are equally spaced at the equator. The meridians at 90 degrees east and west form a perfect circle, and the whole earth is depicted in a proportional 2:1 ellipse. The proportion of the area of the ellipse between any given parallel and the equator is the same as the proportion of the area on the globe between that parallel and the equator, but at the expense of shape distortion, which is significant at the perimeter of the ellipse, although not as severe as in the sinusoidal projection.
Shape distortion may be diminished by using an interrupted version. A sinusoidal interrupted Mollweide projection discards the central meridian in favor of alternating half-meridians which terminate at right angles to the equator. This has the effect of dividing the globe into lobes. In contrast, a parallel interrupted Mollweide projection uses multiple disjoint central meridians, giving the effect of multiple ellipses joined at the equator. More rarely, the projection can be drawn obliquely to shift the areas of distortion to the oceans, allowing the continents to remain truer to form.
The Mollweide, or its properties, has inspired the creation of several other projections, including the Goode's homolosine, van der Grinten and the Boggs eumorphic.
Mathematical formulation
The projection transforms from latitude and longitude to map coordinates x and y via the following equations:
where θ is an auxiliary angle defined by
and λ is the longitude, λ is the central meridian, φ is the latitude, and R is the radius of the globe to be projected. The map has area 4R, conforming to the surface area of the generating globe. The x-coordinate has a range of [−2R, 2R], and the y-coordinate has a range of [−R, R].
Equation (1) may be solved with rapid convergence (but slow near the poles) using Newton–Raphson iteration:
If φ = ±, then also θ = ±. In that case the iteration should be bypassed; otherwise, division by zero may result.
There exists a closed-form inverse transformation:
where θ can be found by the relation
The inverse transformations allow one to find the latitude and longitude corresponding to the map coordinates x and y.
See also
List of map projections
Aitoff projection
Hammer projection
Tobler hyperelliptical projection family
Notes
References
External links
An interactive Java applet to study deformations (area, distance and angle) of the Mollweide Map Projection
Mollweide Projection at Mathworld
Map projections
Equal-area projections |
Thermalia is a thematic centre dedicated to the hot spring culture and is found in Caldes de Montbui (Catalonia).
The Thermalia Museum is located in a building dating back to Medieval times and until the 1970s it served as a hospital and thermal bath site. It is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.
In 1994 the thematic centre was opened to the public and houses the exhibition "Efervescència Balneària" (Spa Effervescence), which explains the social and commercial relations that took place around the hot springs. There is also a permanent exhibition dedicated to the sculptor Manolo Martínez Hugué.
References
External links
Official site
Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network
Buildings and structures in Vallès Oriental
Hot springs
History museums in Catalonia |
Brårud is a village in the municipality of Nes, Akershus, Norway. Its population (2005) is 452.
References
Villages in Akershus
Nes, Akershus |
Acontiinae is a subfamily of bird dropping moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 50 genera and 430 described species in Acontiinae, found worldwide in temperate and tropical climates.
Genera
These 52 genera belong to the subfamily Acontiinae:
Tribe Acontiini Guenée, 1841
Acontia Ochsenheimer, 1816
Eusceptis Hübner, 1823
Phyllophila Guenée, 1852
Ponometia Herrich-Schäffer, 1868
Pseudalypia H.Edwards, 1874
Spragueia Grote, 1875
Tarache Hübner, 1823
Tribe Armadini
Armada Staudinger, 1884
Asplenia Hampson, 1916
Tribe Chamaecleini
Aleptinoides Barnes & McDunnough, 1912
Austrazenia Warren, 1913
Chalcoecia Hampson, 1908
Chamaeclea Grote, 1883
Heminocloa Barnes & Benjamin, 1924
Hemioslaria Barnes & Benjamin, 1924
Megalodes Guenee, 1852
Thurberiphaga Dyar, 1920
Trogotorna Hampson, 1910
Not placed in a tribe
Acrobyla Rebel, 1903
Alypophanes Turner, 1908
Apaustis Hübner, 1823
Barastrotia Warren, 1913
Bostrodes Hampson, 1910
Chamyris Guenée, 1852
Chara Staudinger, 1892
Cingalesa Hampson, 1884
Drasteriodes Hampson, 1926
Drobeta Walker, 1858
Duhemia Rungs, 1943
Ectrogatha Hampson, 1910
Emmelia
Heterorta Warren, 1913
Lambana Walker, 1866
Metacausta Hampson, 1910
Metopoceras Guenee, 1850
Mimoruza Hampson, 1895
Outaya Chrétien, 1911
Oxytrita Warren, 1913
Parerastria Warren, 1914
Perynea Hampson, 1910
Pseudacidalia Hampson, 1894
Pyraloides Rebel, 1948
Rabila Walker, 1865
Rhodotarache Warren, 1914
Shiraia
Stemmaphora Staudinger, 1888
Stenocryptis Warren, 1913
Stenorache Hampson, 1910
Tephrochares Zerny, 1933
Trissernis Meyrick, 1902
Trogoblemma Hampson, 1910
References
Further reading
External links
Noctuidae |
Vincent Fondeviole (born 17 February 1965 in Saint-Sever) is a French slalom canoeist who competed in the 1990s. He won two silver medals in the K1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships, earning them in 1993 and 1997.
Fondeviole also finished 14th in the K1 event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
World Cup individual podiums
References
Sports-reference.com profile
1965 births
Canoeists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
French male canoeists
Living people
Olympic canoeists for France
Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships |
```html
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some"></a><a class="link" href="async_write_some.html" title="windows::stream_handle::async_write_some">windows::stream_handle::async_write_some</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="boost_asio.indexterm.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some"></a>
Start
an asynchronous write.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">template<
typename <a class="link" href="../ConstBufferSequence.html" title="Constant buffer sequence requirements">ConstBufferSequence</a>,
typename <a class="link" href="../WriteHandler.html" title="Write handler requirements">WriteHandler</a>>
<a class="link" href="../asynchronous_operations/automatic_deduction_of_initiating_function_return_type.html" title="Automatic deduction of initiating function return type"><span class="emphasis"><em>DEDUCED</em></span></a> async_write_some(
const ConstBufferSequence & buffers,
WriteHandler && handler);
</pre>
<p>
This function is used to asynchronously write data to the stream handle.
The function call always returns immediately.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.h0"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.parameters"></a></span><a class="link" href="async_write_some.html#boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.parameters">Parameters</a>
</h6>
<div class="variablelist">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">buffers</span></dt>
<dd><p>
One or more data buffers to be written to the handle. Although the
buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the underlying
memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that
they remain valid until the handler is called.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">handler</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The handler to be called when the write operation completes. Copies
will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
the handler must be:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">void handler(
const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes written.
);
</pre>
<p>
Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately
or not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function.
Invocation of the handler will be performed in a manner equivalent
to using <code class="computeroutput">boost::asio::io_context::post()</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.h1"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.remarks"></a></span><a class="link" href="async_write_some.html#boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.remarks">Remarks</a>
</h6>
<p>
The write operation may not transmit all of the data to the peer. Consider
using the <a class="link" href="../async_write.html" title="async_write"><code class="computeroutput">async_write</code></a>
function if you need to ensure that all data is written before the asynchronous
operation completes.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.h2"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.example"></a></span><a class="link" href="async_write_some.html#boost_asio.reference.windows__stream_handle.async_write_some.example">Example</a>
</h6>
<p>
To write a single data buffer use the <a class="link" href="../buffer.html" title="buffer"><code class="computeroutput">buffer</code></a>
function as follows:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">handle.async_write_some(boost::asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
</pre>
<p>
See the <a class="link" href="../buffer.html" title="buffer"><code class="computeroutput">buffer</code></a>
documentation for information on writing multiple buffers in one go, and
how to use it with arrays, boost::array or std::vector.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="path_to_url" target="_top">path_to_url
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
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</html>
``` |
```css
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
html {
background-color: #8a8;
}
a {
color: blue;
}
h1 {
font-size: 50px;
margin: 8px 3px;
text-align: center;
}
.tweet {
margin: 5px;
border: 2px solid black;
background-color: #bbb;
}
.tweet a {
font-size: 20px;
}
.tweet p {
font-size: 18px;
margin: 10px 5px;
}
.tweet .submit-time {
color: #eee;
font-size: 12px;
margin: 3px;
}
``` |
is a Japanese football manager and former player. He is the currently the first-team coach for J2 League club Montedio Yamagata.
Playing career
Sato was born in Muroran on September 27, 1974. After graduating from Kokushikan University, he joined J1 League club Yokohama Flügels in 1997. He played many matches as center back and the club won the champions 1998 Emperor's Cup. However the club was disbanded end of 1998 season due to financial strain, he moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga in 1999. Although he played many matches, the club was relegated to J2 League from 2001. In 2001, the club won the champions and was returned to J1 in a year. However his opportunity to play decreased in 2002 and he moved to Consadole Sapporo in July. Although he played as starting member in all matches in 2002 season, the club was relegated to J2 from 2003. From 2004, he played many matches and retired end of 2005 season.
Club statistics
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Kokushikan University alumni
Association football people from Hokkaido
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama Flügels players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
J2 League managers
Montedio Yamagata managers
Men's association football defenders
People from Muroran, Hokkaido |
Jelenie (formerly ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Człopa, west of Wałcz, and east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
The village has a population of 64.
References
Jelenie |
Provost marshal is a title given to a person in charge of a group of Military Police (MP). The title originated with an older term for MPs, provosts, from the Old French prévost (Modern French prévôt). While a provost marshal is now usually a senior commissioned officer, they may be a person of any rank who commands any number of MPs; historically, the title was sometimes applied to civilian officials, especially under conditions of martial law, or when a military force had day-to-day responsibility for some or all aspects of civilian law enforcement (such as some British colonies). A provost marshal may also oversee security services, imprisonment, fire/emergency services and ambulances.
British Armed Forces
In the British Armed Forces, the provost marshal is the head of the military police of each service, with the senior military police officers at lower levels being titled deputy or assistant provost marshals. In many cases the provost marshal is in charge of discipline. Provost Marshal is the oldest extant appointment in the British Army. It dates back to early Tudor times but the office was probably in existence in the 12th century. By the end of the 17th Century each regiment had its own provost marshal under the Provost Marshal General. Currently, the provost marshal (army) is also the commander of the 1st Military Police Brigade.
Canadian Armed Forces
The Canadian Forces Provost Marshal (CFPM) is the branch advisor for the Canadian Forces Military Police Branch, and also the Commander of the Canadian Forces Military Police Group (CF MP Gp). The CFPM is headquartered in Ottawa and has five sections, each under the command of a Deputy Provost Marshal (DPM): DPM Police, DPM Resource Management, DPM Individual Training and Education, DPM Security, and DPM Professional Standards.
The CF MP Gp is composed of the Canadian Forces National Investigation Service (CFNIS), Military Police Security Services (MPSS), Canadian Forces Service Prison and Detention Barracks (CFSPDB), and Canadian Forces Military Police Academy (CFMPA).
German Armed Forces
The chief of the German Military Police (Feldjäger) is called General der Feldjägertruppe (equivalent to provost marshal general). The German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) do not have a specific title for military police officers so in most tactical units and especially in multinational deployments, they will use the English term provost marshal.
New Zealand Defence Force
The provost marshal of the Joint Military Police Unit holds a senior commissioned rank. Currently a colonel holds the provost marshal position for the NZDF.
The provost marshal is responsible for all three military police units from the Navy, Army and Air Force.
United States Armed Forces
In the United States Army and United States Marine Corps (USMC), the senior-most military law enforcement officer is the Provost Marshal General (PMG) (Army) or provost marshal (USMC). The US Army PMG is a post that was reinstated in 2003, having been abolished 29 years earlier. The PMG is a general in charge of the United States Army Military Police Corps, U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID) and United States Army Corrections Command (ACC) policy and procedures from the Office of the Provost Marshal General (OPMG) at The Pentagon.
The senior MP officer at the theater, corps, division, and brigade level and for each garrison is known as a provost marshal. In many US Army garrisons, a provost marshal is at times also responsible for the provision of fire and physical security as well as law enforcement services and thus is also referred to as the Director of Emergency Services (DES).
Other uses
The British far-right group Britain First also use the rank, presumably as head of their paramilitary wing 'Britain First Defence Force', with provision for two "provosts marshal" in their official group constitution.
In popular culture
In the 1988 film The Presidio, Sean Connery portrayed Lt. Colonel Alan Caldwell, the base provost marshal.
See also
Provost (civil)
Provost Sergeant
References
External links
Canadian Forces Provost Marshal website
Military provost ranks |
Lumpp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Georges Lumpp (1874–1934), French rower and Olympian
Ray Lumpp (1923–2015), American basketball player |
Bezeréd is a village in Zala County in the south-western region of Hungary.
Etymology
The name comes from a Slavic personal name Bezradъ (bez: without, radъ: to be happy/happiness). 1236 casterenses de Bezered, 1359 the settlement Bezered.
References
External links
Official site
Megmenthető-e még a Bezerédj-Békássy kastély? (in Hungarian)
Populated places in Zala County |
```c++
#ifndef BOOST_ARCHIVE_BASIC_TEXT_IPRIMITIVE_HPP
#define BOOST_ARCHIVE_BASIC_TEXT_IPRIMITIVE_HPP
// MS compatible compilers support #pragma once
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
# pragma once
#endif
/////////1/////////2/////////3/////////4/////////5/////////6/////////7/////////8
// basic_text_iprimitive.hpp
// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
// path_to_url
// See path_to_url for updates, documentation, and revision history.
// archives stored as text - note these are templated on the basic
// stream templates to accommodate wide (and other?) kind of characters
//
// Note the fact that on libraries without wide characters, ostream is
// not a specialization of basic_ostream which in fact is not defined
// in such cases. So we can't use basic_ostream<IStream::char_type> but rather
// use two template parameters
#include <locale>
#include <cstddef> // size_t
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#if defined(BOOST_NO_STDC_NAMESPACE)
namespace std{
using ::size_t;
#if ! defined(BOOST_DINKUMWARE_STDLIB) && ! defined(__SGI_STL_PORT)
using ::locale;
#endif
} // namespace std
#endif
#include <boost/io/ios_state.hpp>
#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_DINKUMWARE_STDLIB, == 1)
#include <boost/archive/dinkumware.hpp>
#endif
#include <boost/serialization/throw_exception.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/codecvt_null.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/archive_exception.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/basic_streambuf_locale_saver.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/detail/abi_prefix.hpp> // must be the last header
namespace boost {
namespace archive {
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// class basic_text_iarchive - load serialized objects from a input text stream
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning( push )
#pragma warning( disable : 4244 4267 )
#endif
template<class IStream>
class BOOST_SYMBOL_VISIBLE basic_text_iprimitive {
protected:
IStream &is;
io::ios_flags_saver flags_saver;
io::ios_precision_saver precision_saver;
#ifndef BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
// note order! - if you change this, libstd++ will fail!
// a) create new locale with new codecvt facet
// b) save current locale
// c) change locale to new one
// d) use stream buffer
// e) change locale back to original
// f) destroy new codecvt facet
boost::archive::codecvt_null<typename IStream::char_type> codecvt_null_facet;
std::locale archive_locale;
basic_istream_locale_saver<
typename IStream::char_type,
typename IStream::traits_type
> locale_saver;
#endif
template<class T>
void load(T & t)
{
if(is >> t)
return;
boost::serialization::throw_exception(
archive_exception(archive_exception::input_stream_error)
);
}
void load(char & t)
{
short int i;
load(i);
t = i;
}
void load(signed char & t)
{
short int i;
load(i);
t = i;
}
void load(unsigned char & t)
{
unsigned short int i;
load(i);
t = i;
}
#ifndef BOOST_NO_INTRINSIC_WCHAR_T
void load(wchar_t & t)
{
BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(wchar_t) <= sizeof(int));
int i;
load(i);
t = i;
}
#endif
BOOST_ARCHIVE_OR_WARCHIVE_DECL
basic_text_iprimitive(IStream &is, bool no_codecvt);
BOOST_ARCHIVE_OR_WARCHIVE_DECL
~basic_text_iprimitive();
public:
BOOST_ARCHIVE_OR_WARCHIVE_DECL void
load_binary(void *address, std::size_t count);
};
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning( pop )
#endif
} // namespace archive
} // namespace boost
#include <boost/archive/detail/abi_suffix.hpp> // pop pragmas
#endif // BOOST_ARCHIVE_BASIC_TEXT_IPRIMITIVE_HPP
``` |
The Orinoco sword-nosed bat (Lonchorhina orinocensis) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
References
Lonchorhina
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals of Venezuela
Mammals described in 1971
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
QubeTV was a politically conservative alternative to YouTube. The site was founded by former Ronald Reagan aides Charlie Gerow and Jeff Lord as a response to what is perceived to be a liberal bias on the part of YouTube. Cited among other claims of the liberal bias of YouTube is the censorship of a video by conservative personality Michelle Malkin about US immigration which was taken down by YouTube administrators. The Malkin video now has a prominent position on the frontpage of QubeTV and is described as "Banned by YouTube". The site has been compared to Conservapedia, a Christian conservative alternative to Wikipedia.
Comedian Lewis Black has discussed QubeTV during one of his appearances on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. In particular, he has pointed out that a large number of the videos on the website are in fact links to YouTube, stating that "the conservative alternative to YouTube is YouTube."
See also
Conservapedia
Censorship by YouTube
References
External links
QubeTV
Video hosting |
```scss
.#{$prefix}dashboard-column {
padding: 0 0 $ext-dashboard-column-padding 0;
}
.#{$prefix}dashboard-panel {
margin-top: $ext-dashboard-column-padding;
}
.#{$prefix}dashboard-column-first {
padding-left: $ext-dashboard-column-padding;
clear : left;
}
.#{$prefix}dashboard-column-last {
padding-right: $ext-dashboard-column-padding;
}
.#{$prefix}dashboard .#{$prefix}panel-dd-spacer {
border: 2px dashed #99bbe8;
background: #f6f6f6;
border-radius: 4px;
-moz-border-radius: 4px;
margin-top: $ext-dashboard-column-padding;
}
// Prevent the panel drag operations from causing overflow as that breaks the layout
// and we don't want to perform layouts during the drag.
.#{$prefix}dashboard-dd-over {
overflow: hidden !important;
}
``` |
```toml
[tool.poetry]
name = "httpobs"
version = "0.9.3"
description = "HTTP Observatory: a set of tests and tools to scan your website for basic web hygeine."
license = "MPL-2.0"
authors = ["April King <april@mozilla.com>"]
maintainers = ["Leo McArdle <leo@mozilla.com>"]
[tool.poetry.scripts]
httpobs-local-scan = 'httpobs.scripts.scan:main'
httpobs-server = "httpobs.website.main:run"
httpobs-regen-hsts-preload = "httpobs.scanner.utils:retrieve_store_hsts_preload_list"
[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.11"
beautifulsoup4 = "^4.12.2"
flake8 = "^6.1.0"
pep8 = "^1.7.1"
psycopg2 = "^2.9.9"
publicsuffixlist = "^0.10.0.20231002"
requests = "^2.31.0"
Flask = "^3.0.0"
uWSGI = "^2.0.22"
pre-commit = "^3.6.0"
black = "^23.12.1"
isort = "^5.13.2"
[tool.poetry.group.test.dependencies]
coverage = "^7.4.0"
pynose = "^1.4.8"
urllib3 = "^2.1.0"
[build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
[tool.black]
target-version = ["py311"]
required-version = "23"
line-length = 120
skip-string-normalization = true
[tool.isort]
profile = "black"
skip_gitignore = true
line_length = 120
``` |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
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<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="generator" content="rustdoc">
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<meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang, nan">
<title>edn::parse::nan - Rust</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../normalize.css">
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id="mainThemeStyle">
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<script src="../../storage.js"></script>
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<body class="rustdoc fn">
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
<div class="warning">
This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky
things.
</div>
<![endif]-->
<nav class="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-menu">☰</div>
<div class="sidebar-elems"><p class='location'><a href='../index.html'>edn</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>parse</a></p><script>window.sidebarCurrent = {name: 'nan', ty: 'fn', relpath: ''};</script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script></div>
</nav>
<div class="theme-picker">
<button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!">
<img src="../../brush.svg" width="18" alt="Pick another theme!">
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<input class="search-input" name="search"
autocomplete="off"
placeholder="Click or press S to search, ? for more options"
type="search">
</div>
</form>
</nav>
<section id='main' class="content"><h1 class='fqn'><span class='in-band'>Function <a href='../index.html'>edn</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>parse</a>::<wbr><a class="fn" href=''>nan</a></span><span class='out-of-band'><span id='render-detail'>
<a id="toggle-all-docs" href="javascript:void(0)" title="collapse all docs">
[<span class='inner'>−</span>]
</a>
</span><a class='srclink' href='../../src/edn/Users/emilytoop/Development/mentat/target/release/build/edn-4b460cc3bba30275/out/edn.rs.html#367' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></h1><pre class='rust fn'>pub fn nan<'input>(__input: &'input <a class="primitive" href="path_to_url">str</a>) -> <a class="type" href="../../edn/parse/type.ParseResult.html" title="type edn::parse::ParseResult">ParseResult</a><<a class="enum" href="../../edn/types/enum.SpannedValue.html" title="enum edn::types::SpannedValue">SpannedValue</a>></pre></section>
<section id='search' class="content hidden"></section>
<section class="footer"></section>
<aside id="help" class="hidden">
<div>
<h1 class="hidden">Help</h1>
<div class="shortcuts">
<h2>Keyboard Shortcuts</h2>
<dl>
<dt><kbd>?</kbd></dt>
<dd>Show this help dialog</dd>
<dt><kbd>S</kbd></dt>
<dd>Focus the search field</dd>
<dt><kbd></kbd></dt>
<dd>Move up in search results</dd>
<dt><kbd></kbd></dt>
<dd>Move down in search results</dd>
<dt><kbd></kbd></dt>
<dd>Switch tab</dd>
<dt><kbd>⏎</kbd></dt>
<dd>Go to active search result</dd>
<dt><kbd>+</kbd></dt>
<dd>Expand all sections</dd>
<dt><kbd>-</kbd></dt>
<dd>Collapse all sections</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="infos">
<h2>Search Tricks</h2>
<p>
Prefix searches with a type followed by a colon (e.g.
<code>fn:</code>) to restrict the search to a given type.
</p>
<p>
Accepted types are: <code>fn</code>, <code>mod</code>,
<code>struct</code>, <code>enum</code>,
<code>trait</code>, <code>type</code>, <code>macro</code>,
and <code>const</code>.
</p>
<p>
Search functions by type signature (e.g.
<code>vec -> usize</code> or <code>* -> vec</code>)
</p>
</div>
</div>
</aside>
<script>
window.rootPath = "../../";
window.currentCrate = "edn";
</script>
<script src="../../main.js"></script>
<script defer src="../../search-index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
``` |
Emanuele Maurizii (born 2 February 2001) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a left back for club Pro Sesto.
Club career
Born in Sant'Omero, Maurizii was formed in Ascoli youth sector. In 2020, he was promoted to the first team.
For the 2020–21 he was loaned to Serie C club Matelica. He played 12 league matches.
On 27 July 2021, he joined Ancona-Matelica on loan.
On 25 July 2022, Maurizii signed with Pro Sesto.
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Teramo
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Serie C players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
SS Matelica Calcio 1921 players
US Ancona players
Pro Sesto 1913 players |
Robert O. Pihl (born February 2, 1939) is an American psychology researcher, professor and clinician. Since 1966, he has worked at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He is also a fellow of the American Psychological Association and Canadian Psychological Association, as well as a member of many other academic organizations.
Pihl has made major contributions to the fields of clinical and health psychology in his more than 250 publications on various topics such as alcohol aggression, substance abuse, and pharmacology. In 2009, he received the Canadian Psychological Association's Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Lifetime Contributions to Canadian Psychology.
Education
Pihl earned his master's degree and his PhD at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. At the time, he worked in a neurological hospital and became interested in impulse control. He received his PhD in 1966 under the supervision of Joel Greenspoon, a clinical psychologist and leading researcher in behavioral analysis. Pihl completed his clinical internship from 1964 to 1966 at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona.
Professional life
Research and publications
Pihl's research includes over 250 publications, on which he has collaborated with over 200 co-authors from around the world. According to Google Scholar, his work has been cited over 16,000 times. He is also on the board of reviewing editors for Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. Pihl's research addresses psychopharmacology, alcohol, aggression, substance abuse, behavior modification, the cognitive consequences of addiction, and several risk factors for disorders.
Some of Pihl's early research projects involved the hair analysis of children with learning disabilities. He found that children with learning disabilities had higher levels of lead and cadmium in their hair compared to children without these disabilities. These findings influenced the US Congress to mandate that lead be removed from paint in the 1970s. Pihl later conducted similar analyzes in which he also found greater levels of lead and cadmium in the hair of violent criminals, compared to the normal population.
Pihl has extensively studied the link between alcohol and aggression, namely that alcohol consumption increases aggression. He has also studied other predictors of aggression, such as pain sensitivity, levels of cognitive functioning, and one's social environment. His investigations of the link between tryptophan depletion and aggression suggest an association between disturbances of the brain's serotonin system and one's aggression. Pihl linked this research to alcohol intoxication, finding that intoxicated subjects with lower tryptophan (and thus lower serotonin) levels in the brain were more aggressive than those with higher serotonin levels.
Pihl has also researched motivational, physiological and cognitive factors that predict substance abuse. Pihl looked at people's varying reactions to substance consumption, and how this affects their behavior when intoxicated. He investigated the risk factors for abuse of different substances, and in 2000 Pihl collaborated in developing The Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, a scale for classifying substance abusers on the basis of personality and motivational risk factors for substance abuse, such as hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation-seeking.
Some of his most notable research publications include:
Experimental analysis of the placebo effect (Pihl & Altman, 1971)
The problem of drug abuse: Has Canada found some answers? (Milstein, Pihl, & Smart, 1974)
Effects of alcohol and behavior contingencies on human aggression (Zeichner, & Pihl, 1979)
Measurement of Psychological and Heart Rate Reactivity to Stress in the Real World (Dobkin & Pihl, 1992)
Cognitive deficits and autonomic reactivity in boys at high risk for alcoholism (Harden & Pihl, 1995)
The effect of altered tryptophan levels and alcohol on aggression in normal human males (Pihl, Young, Harden, Plotnick, Chamberlain, & Ervin, 1995)
Hair element content in learning disabled children (Pihl & Parkes, 1977)
Motivational model of substance abuse risk (Conrod, Pihl, Stewart, Coté, & Dongier, 1997)
Clinical work
Pihl previously directed the department of psychology at the Lakeshore General Hospital in Montreal. He was also a co-director of the Alcohol Studies Group at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute in Montreal. He was a consultant for the psychology department at Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital, and for the Montreal's Centre Pour Enfants avec Problèmes d'Apprentissage. Pihl is on the advisory committee of the McGill-Montreal Children's Hospital Learning Center.
Committees and organizations
Pihl is a member of several psychological committees and organizations, including: the International Society for Research on Aggression, the US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the Neuropharmacology Subcommittee of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Violence and Traumatic Stress Committee, the Working Group on Alcohol-Related Violence, the Review Committee for Alcohol and Drug Abuse for Health and Welfare Canada, the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, and the International Society for Research on Aggression. He is a fellow in the Canadian Psychological Association, the American Psychological Association's Psychopharmacology, Addiction, Clinical Psychology, and Learning Disability Divisions, the Behavioral Science Foundation, and others. For Health and Welfare Canada, Pihl is a member of the Scientific Review Committee for Behavioral Research and the Non-medical Use of Drugs, and he is also an advisor for a group on Parent Drug Education.
Honors and awards
Pihl has received several honors and awards throughout his career. These include: the Lehmann Award from the Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology (1994), the Canadian Psychological Association's Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Lifetime Contributions to Canadian Psychology (2009), the National Patient Safety Award from the Drug Safety Institute (2013), the David Thomson Award for Excellence in Graduate Teaching and Supervision from McGill University (2014).
References
External links
1939 births
Living people
People from Milwaukee
Arizona State University alumni
Lawrence University alumni
Academic staff of McGill University |
```haskell
-- !!! tcfail044: duplicated type variable in instance decls
--
module ShouldFail where
instance (Eq a) => Eq (a->a)
instance Show (a->b)
instance (Num a) => Num (a->a) where
f + g = \x -> f x + g x
negate f = \x -> - (f x)
f * g = \x -> f x * g x
fromInteger n = \x -> fromInteger n
ss :: Float -> Float
cc :: Float -> Float
tt :: Float -> Float
ss = sin * sin
cc = cos * cos
tt = ss + cc
--main = putStr ((show (tt 0.4))++ " "++(show (tt 1.652)))
``` |
Small is an English and Scottish surname, and it derives from the Old Norse Smålig meaning someone who is narrow or thin. Notable people with the surname include:
A. Francis Small (1946–2021), New Zealand engineer and scouting leader
Albion Woodbury Small (1854–1926), founded the first Department of Sociology in the United States at the University of Chicago
Ambrose Small (1863 vanished 1919), Canadian theatre magnate
Anthony Small (born 1981), British ex-boxing champion and Islamic political activist also known as Abdul Haq
Archie Small (1889–1955), English footballer with Southampton
Bertrice Small (1937–2015), American writer of historical and erotic romance novels
Brendon Small (born 1975), American actor, composer, and musician
Bruce Small (1895–1980), Australian businessman and politician
Charles A. Small, Director of The Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Antisemitism
Charlotte Small (1785–1857), Métis wife of explorer David Thompson
Chris Small (born 1973), Scottish professional snooker player
Drink Small (born 1933), American blues guitarist, pianist, singer, and songwriter
Edward Small (1891–1977), American film producer
Elisha Small (died 1842), American sailor
Ernest Gregor Small (1888–1944), American admiral
Ethan Small (born 1997), American baseball player
Frank Small, Jr. (1896–1973), represented the fifth district of the state of Maryland in the United States House of Representatives
Fred Small (American football) (1963–2003), American football player
Fred Small (singer-songwriter) (born 1952), American singer-songwriter
Gladstone Small (born 1961), England cricketer
Heather Small (born 1965), British soul singer
Henry Small (footballer) (1881–1946), English footballer with Southampton and Manchester United
Henry Small (singer) (born 1948), Canadian singer
Jack Small (1765–1836), English cricketer
Jack Small (footballer) (1889–1946), English footballer with Sunderland and Southampton
James Edward Small (1798–1869), lawyer, judge and political figure in Canada
James Small (inventor) (1730–1793), Scottish inventor
James Small (rugby player) (1969–2019), South African rugby union footballer
John Kunkel Small (1869–1938), American botanist
John Small (British Army officer) (1726–1796), military officer from Scotland who later settled in Nova Scotia and was Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
John Small (cricketer) (1737–1826), English cricketer
John Small (Canadian politician, born 1746) (1746–1841), political figure in Upper Canada
Joe Small (cricketer) (1892–1958), West Indian cricketer
Len Small (1862–1936), Republican governor of Illinois
Marty Small Sr. (born 1974), American politician
Mews Small (born 1942), American actress
Michael Small (1939–2003), American film score composer
Millie Small (1947–2020), Jamaican singer born Millicent Dolly May Small
Milton Small, (born 1964), West Indian cricketer
Pauline Small (1924–2005), American Crow Indian leader
Phil Small (born 1954), Australian bassist
Richard H. Small (born 1935), American scientist, responsible for creating the algorithms for calculating loudspeaker cabinets together with Albert Neville Thiele (Thiele/Small parameter)
Sami Jo Small (born 1976), Canadian ice hockey goaltender
Sharon Small (born 1967), Scottish actress
Sherrod Small, American comedian
Taylor Small, American politician
Viro Small (1854-?), catch wrestler and boxer of African descent
Willard Stanton Small (1870–1943), American experimental psychologist
Wade Small (born 1984), footballer
William Small (1734–1775), Scottish physician, professor and member of the Lunar Society
William Small (Scottish politician) (1909–1978), Scottish Labour politician, MP for Glasgow constituencies from 1959 to 1978
Wilson Small (1810–1886), New York politician, businessman and civil servant
Fictional characters
Diogenes Small, in the Inspector Morse series of books
Leon Small, from the BBC soap opera EastEnders
See also
Smalls (surname)
Smallman
English-language surnames |
Ta Ra Rum Pum is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language sports drama film directed by Siddharth Anand and written by Habib Faisal. It stars Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukerji, Angelina Idnani, Ali Haji and Javed Jaffrey in lead roles. In the film, newly-successful professional racer Rajveer "RV" Singh (Khan) faces success and tribulations within the U.S. stock car racing scene, supported by his pianist-wife Radhika "Shona" Bannerjee (Mukerji).
Ta Ra Rum Pum draws inspiration from the films Days of Thunder (1990), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby and The Pursuit of Happyness (both 2006), and marks Khan and Mukerji's second collaboration, after Hum Tum (2004), which was co-written by Anand. The film marks the second collaboration between Anand and Khan, after Salaam Namaste (2005). Principal photography began in May 2006 and lasted until that June, with the filming locations including the Milwaukee Mile, the Rockingham Speedway, and on set in Mumbai.
Ta Ra Rum Pum theatrically released in India by Yash Raj Films on April 27, 2007. The film emerged as a moderate commercial success, grossing worldwide, thus becoming the tenth highest grossing Hindi film of 2007. It received mixed reviews from critics upon release, with praise for its setting, and Khan and Mukherji's performances, but criticism for its screenplay, length and pacing.
Plot
Rajveer "RV" Singh, a happy-go-lucky race track pit crew member and aspiring racer, lands a professional stock car racing contract with the Speeding Saddles, a struggling racing team, after illegally speeding a New York City taxi owned by the team manager and his eventual agent, Harry.
RV soon becomes a successful racer, and later marries Radhika "Shona" Shekar Rai Bannerjee, a pianist and music major at Columbia University, despite the disapproval of Radhika's father, businessman Shubho Shekhar, due to the pair's lack of academic degrees and conventional employment. After the wedding, Shona leaves her career to care for their two children, Priya "Princess" Singh and Rajveer "Champ" Singh Jr., as RV and Speeding Saddles become the sport's most acclaimed.
Eight years later, during a race, rival racer Rusty Finkelstein crashes into RV's car, severely injuring and hospitalizing him. RV returns to the sport a year later but finishes last in each race owing to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from his accident. Exasperated, the team owner Billy Bhatia fires RV and replaces him with Rusty.
After the couple fails to get alternative employment (including a failed attempt by RV to create a breakaway team with Harry), their house is foreclosed, and most of their possessions, including Shona's wedding ring, are auctioned off to pay creditors. With only about $2,000 left to their name, the family moves into a one-bedroom apartment on the outskirts of the city.
Determined to keep their children at their private school, Shona and RV take several odd jobs; RV attempts to abandon the family dog, Bruno, to ease the burden on them. Bruno is returned by Harry, who offers RV his taxi license; he rejects it due to Harry's continued employment with the Speeding Saddles but eventually accepts it. Shona later gets a job as an events pianist and runs into Shubho, who offers the family assistance, but she rejects it after he insults RV. Princess overhears RV and Shona fighting and learns of their financial trouble. She tells Champ and the pair decide to secretly save their lunch money to help their parents. This results in Champ eating waste food from the garbage.
RV gets a passenger who asks for a speedy airport arrival; using it as a chance to test his racing skills, RV initially does well but falters after suffering flashbacks of his accident. In a last-ditch attempt to pay their school fees (and throw a birthday party for Champ), RV lies to his friends and fellow cab drivers saying Princess has pneumonia, prompting them to pool a fund for her medical expenses.
Shona finds out that RV lied to his friends about Princess having pneumonia and gets enraged at RV. However, Champ suddenly falls unconscious and begins bleeding from his mouth. The family rushes him to the hospital and then RV and Shona learn the truth that Princess and Champ have been saving their lunch money to help the financial issue, where they find out Champ has a piece of glass in his stomach, and surgery to remove it would cost $65,000. After Billy rebuffs his plea for help, Harry offers RV the chance to make their team and get back into the racing world. RV accepts the offer and his cab driver friends form the pit crew and accept RV's apology for lying to them about Princess having pneumonia. RV encounters Rusty in the race and tempts to come last, but remembering his promise to Shona and his son's condition, he motivates himself to keep going. on the last lap just as Rusty tries to shove RV again, this time RV shoves Rusty in the same way Rusty did to RV and causes Rusty to barrel-roll down the back stretch and die in a fiery wreck. RV wins the race.
RV returns to racing full-time, Shona becomes a professional pianist, and the family (including a now healthy Champ) moves back to their original home but sometimes go back to their old place to see their friends. RV then gifts Shona her wedding ring.
Cast
Saif Ali Khan as Rajveer "RV" Singh, a stock car racer, Radhika's husband, and Princess and Champ's father
Rani Mukerji as Radhika "Shona" Bannerjee, RV's wife and Princess and Champ's mother
Angelina Idnani as Priya "Princess" Singh, RV and Shona's daughter and Champ's elder sister
Ali Haji as Ranveer "Champ" Singh Jr., RV and Shona's son and Princess's younger brother
Javed Jaffrey as Harry, RV's best friend, and later manager
Victor Banerjee as Shubho Shekhar Rai Banerjee, Radhika's father
Shruti Seth as Sasha, Radhika's best friend
Bharat Dabholkar as Billy Bhatia
Sujoy Ghosh as Chatto
Ronobir Leheri as Pindi
Ravi Khote as Pandya
Dolly Bindra as Mrs. Pandya
Ken Thompson as Rusty Finkelstein
Nisha Mathur as the birthday party mom
Production
Production began in May 4, 2006 and lasted till June 26, 2006. The working title was "Ta Ra Rum Pum Pum". The film was shot almost entirely in the US, with a few scenes shot at YRF Studios in Mumbai. Portions were filmed in Rockingham, North Carolina at the Rockingham Speedway and at West Allis, Wisconsin at The Milwaukee Mile. Ali Haji had to go through 3 auditions and Angelina Idnani was called in for her fourth audition before they were finalised. The plot is combined with that of Tom Cruise's Days of Thunder (1990) and Will Ferrell's Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006) — the protagonist meets with an accident while racing and then makes a comeback destroying his nemesis race driver – and Will Smith's The Pursuit of Happyness (2006), where a father and son have to move out of their house, due to the loss of a job.
The cars used in racing scenes were provided by Andy Hillenburg, who purchased Rockingham Speedway months after its release and provided the stunt drivers, as many ARCA Re/Max Series drivers participated in the filming (ARCA Re/Max Series stickers can be found on the cars in the movie; Hillenberg trained stunt drivers, along with letting some film stars take turns driving). Some cars that can be seen in Ta Ra Rum Pum display high resemblance to cars specifically created for Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (except featuring modified sponsorship decals) as Hillenburg provided cars for that film as well.
The title song of Ta Ra Rum Pum is a 4-minute animated endeavour with all the main characters of the film and 4 other animated characters. This song was performed by Walt Disney Studios as part of their 3-film deal with Yash Raj Films.
Ta Ra Rum Pum was released on 27 April 2007.
Music
The music of Ta Ra Rum Pum was composed by the duo Vishal–Shekhar and Javed Akhtar penned the lyrics. The soundtrack of the film contains 7 songs. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 10,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's fifteenth highest-selling.
Telugu soundtrack
Response
Box office
Ta Ra Rum Pum opened to an average response in cinemas, where collections were reported to be as low as 50%. However, the film saw a good opening of 90%-95% in the big cities such as Mumbai and Delhi, catering to the kids and family audiences; the smaller cinemas received an average response of 50%–70%. Though the film opened to an average response, the next two days saw a huge jump in collections. The collections dropped on Monday by about 55%–70%. In its first week, the film collected an impressive Rs. 43.7 million in Mumbai, and did well at the multiplexes but moderately at the single screens. The overall gross for the first week in India stands at Rs. 114,392,260. The release of Spider-Man 3 caused a drop in collections, but the film has continued to do well in Mumbai and Delhi. Ta Ra Rum Pum became the 10th highest-grossing film of 2007 so far, with box office figures of Rs. 362.0 million.
The three main markets overseas – the UK, USA and Australia – saw a similar opening. Ta Ra Rum Pum collected during the weekend and debuted at #9 on the UK film chart which was a good opening. In the United States, the film collected $425,102 which was a fair opening. In Australia, it collected $90,000. Though the weekend figures were good, the collections were below expectations for a Yash Raj film. The film was given an above-average status in the United States and was a hit in the United Kingdom.
In its sixth week, the film had collected Rs. 377.0 million and was declared a hit in India. Overseas, the film has collected $2,000,000 in the United Kingdom.
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 50% based on 8 critics reviews.
Taran Adarsh of Indiafm.com gave Ta Ra Rum Pum a rating of 3.5 out of 5. He praised the performances of Khan and Mukerji, saying "Khan is extremely likable. He conveys the varied emotions with complete understanding. Mukerji enacts the role of the mother proficiently".
It is inspired by Days of Thunder (1990) and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), though film critic Rajeev Masand pointed out that "the plot has been borrowed generously from films such as Life Is Beautiful (1997), In America (2002) and Cinderella Man (2005)."
Awards
Sabsey Favourite Kaun Awards
Won – Sabsey Favourite Heroine – Rani Mukerji
See also
List of films set in New York City
References
External links
Official movie page
2007 films
Films scored by Vishal–Shekhar
2000s Hindi-language films
Indian auto racing films
Indian films set in New York City
Yash Raj Films films
Films directed by Siddharth Anand
Indian sports drama films
Indian films with live action and animation
Films shot in New York City
2000s sports drama films
2007 drama films |
```forth
*> \brief \b DGGHD3
*
* =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
*
* Online html documentation available at
* path_to_url
*
*> \htmlonly
*> Download DGGHD3 + dependencies
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TGZ]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [ZIP]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TXT]</a>
*> \endhtmlonly
*
* Definition:
* ===========
*
* SUBROUTINE DGGHD3( COMPQ, COMPZ, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, B, LDB, Q,
* LDQ, Z, LDZ, WORK, LWORK, INFO )
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
* CHARACTER COMPQ, COMPZ
* INTEGER IHI, ILO, INFO, LDA, LDB, LDQ, LDZ, N, LWORK
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
* DOUBLE PRECISION A( LDA, * ), B( LDB, * ), Q( LDQ, * ),
* $ Z( LDZ, * ), WORK( * )
* ..
*
*
*> \par Purpose:
* =============
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> DGGHD3 reduces a pair of real matrices (A,B) to generalized upper
*> Hessenberg form using orthogonal transformations, where A is a
*> general matrix and B is upper triangular. The form of the
*> generalized eigenvalue problem is
*> A*x = lambda*B*x,
*> and B is typically made upper triangular by computing its QR
*> factorization and moving the orthogonal matrix Q to the left side
*> of the equation.
*>
*> This subroutine simultaneously reduces A to a Hessenberg matrix H:
*> Q**T*A*Z = H
*> and transforms B to another upper triangular matrix T:
*> Q**T*B*Z = T
*> in order to reduce the problem to its standard form
*> H*y = lambda*T*y
*> where y = Z**T*x.
*>
*> The orthogonal matrices Q and Z are determined as products of Givens
*> rotations. They may either be formed explicitly, or they may be
*> postmultiplied into input matrices Q1 and Z1, so that
*>
*> Q1 * A * Z1**T = (Q1*Q) * H * (Z1*Z)**T
*>
*> Q1 * B * Z1**T = (Q1*Q) * T * (Z1*Z)**T
*>
*> If Q1 is the orthogonal matrix from the QR factorization of B in the
*> original equation A*x = lambda*B*x, then DGGHD3 reduces the original
*> problem to generalized Hessenberg form.
*>
*> This is a blocked variant of DGGHRD, using matrix-matrix
*> multiplications for parts of the computation to enhance performance.
*> \endverbatim
*
* Arguments:
* ==========
*
*> \param[in] COMPQ
*> \verbatim
*> COMPQ is CHARACTER*1
*> = 'N': do not compute Q;
*> = 'I': Q is initialized to the unit matrix, and the
*> orthogonal matrix Q is returned;
*> = 'V': Q must contain an orthogonal matrix Q1 on entry,
*> and the product Q1*Q is returned.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] COMPZ
*> \verbatim
*> COMPZ is CHARACTER*1
*> = 'N': do not compute Z;
*> = 'I': Z is initialized to the unit matrix, and the
*> orthogonal matrix Z is returned;
*> = 'V': Z must contain an orthogonal matrix Z1 on entry,
*> and the product Z1*Z is returned.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] N
*> \verbatim
*> N is INTEGER
*> The order of the matrices A and B. N >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] ILO
*> \verbatim
*> ILO is INTEGER
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] IHI
*> \verbatim
*> IHI is INTEGER
*>
*> ILO and IHI mark the rows and columns of A which are to be
*> reduced. It is assumed that A is already upper triangular
*> in rows and columns 1:ILO-1 and IHI+1:N. ILO and IHI are
*> normally set by a previous call to DGGBAL; otherwise they
*> should be set to 1 and N respectively.
*> 1 <= ILO <= IHI <= N, if N > 0; ILO=1 and IHI=0, if N=0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] A
*> \verbatim
*> A is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDA, N)
*> On entry, the N-by-N general matrix to be reduced.
*> On exit, the upper triangle and the first subdiagonal of A
*> are overwritten with the upper Hessenberg matrix H, and the
*> rest is set to zero.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDA
*> \verbatim
*> LDA is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] B
*> \verbatim
*> B is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB, N)
*> On entry, the N-by-N upper triangular matrix B.
*> On exit, the upper triangular matrix T = Q**T B Z. The
*> elements below the diagonal are set to zero.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDB
*> \verbatim
*> LDB is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] Q
*> \verbatim
*> Q is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDQ, N)
*> On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the orthogonal matrix Q1,
*> typically from the QR factorization of B.
*> On exit, if COMPQ='I', the orthogonal matrix Q, and if
*> COMPQ = 'V', the product Q1*Q.
*> Not referenced if COMPQ='N'.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDQ
*> \verbatim
*> LDQ is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the array Q.
*> LDQ >= N if COMPQ='V' or 'I'; LDQ >= 1 otherwise.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] Z
*> \verbatim
*> Z is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDZ, N)
*> On entry, if COMPZ = 'V', the orthogonal matrix Z1.
*> On exit, if COMPZ='I', the orthogonal matrix Z, and if
*> COMPZ = 'V', the product Z1*Z.
*> Not referenced if COMPZ='N'.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDZ
*> \verbatim
*> LDZ is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the array Z.
*> LDZ >= N if COMPZ='V' or 'I'; LDZ >= 1 otherwise.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] WORK
*> \verbatim
*> WORK is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
*> On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LWORK
*> \verbatim
*> LWORK is INTEGER
*> The length of the array WORK. LWORK >= 1.
*> For optimum performance LWORK >= 6*N*NB, where NB is the
*> optimal blocksize.
*>
*> If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
*> only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
*> this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
*> message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] INFO
*> \verbatim
*> INFO is INTEGER
*> = 0: successful exit.
*> < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
*> \endverbatim
*
* Authors:
* ========
*
*> \author Univ. of Tennessee
*> \author Univ. of California Berkeley
*> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver
*> \author NAG Ltd.
*
*> \ingroup gghd3
*
*> \par Further Details:
* =====================
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> This routine reduces A to Hessenberg form and maintains B in triangular form
*> using a blocked variant of Moler and Stewart's original algorithm,
*> as described by Kagstrom, Kressner, Quintana-Orti, and Quintana-Orti
*> (BIT 2008).
*> \endverbatim
*>
* =====================================================================
SUBROUTINE DGGHD3( COMPQ, COMPZ, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, B, LDB,
$ Q,
$ LDQ, Z, LDZ, WORK, LWORK, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK computational routine --
* -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
* -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*
IMPLICIT NONE
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
CHARACTER COMPQ, COMPZ
INTEGER IHI, ILO, INFO, LDA, LDB, LDQ, LDZ, N, LWORK
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
DOUBLE PRECISION A( LDA, * ), B( LDB, * ), Q( LDQ, * ),
$ Z( LDZ, * ), WORK( * )
* ..
*
* =====================================================================
*
* .. Parameters ..
DOUBLE PRECISION ZERO, ONE
PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0D+0, ONE = 1.0D+0 )
* ..
* .. Local Scalars ..
LOGICAL BLK22, INITQ, INITZ, LQUERY, WANTQ, WANTZ
CHARACTER*1 COMPQ2, COMPZ2
INTEGER COLA, I, IERR, J, J0, JCOL, JJ, JROW, K,
$ KACC22, LEN, LWKOPT, N2NB, NB, NBLST, NBMIN,
$ NH, NNB, NX, PPW, PPWO, PW, TOP, TOPQ
DOUBLE PRECISION C, C1, C2, S, S1, S2, TEMP, TEMP1, TEMP2, TEMP3
* ..
* .. External Functions ..
LOGICAL LSAME
INTEGER ILAENV
EXTERNAL ILAENV, LSAME
* ..
* .. External Subroutines ..
EXTERNAL DGGHRD, DLARTG, DLASET, DORM22, DROT,
$ DGEMM,
$ DGEMV, DTRMV, DLACPY, XERBLA
* ..
* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
INTRINSIC DBLE, MAX
* ..
* .. Executable Statements ..
*
* Decode and test the input parameters.
*
INFO = 0
NB = ILAENV( 1, 'DGGHD3', ' ', N, ILO, IHI, -1 )
NH = IHI - ILO + 1
IF( NH.LE.1 ) THEN
LWKOPT = 1
ELSE
LWKOPT = 6*N*NB
END IF
WORK( 1 ) = DBLE( LWKOPT )
INITQ = LSAME( COMPQ, 'I' )
WANTQ = INITQ .OR. LSAME( COMPQ, 'V' )
INITZ = LSAME( COMPZ, 'I' )
WANTZ = INITZ .OR. LSAME( COMPZ, 'V' )
LQUERY = ( LWORK.EQ.-1 )
*
IF( .NOT.LSAME( COMPQ, 'N' ) .AND. .NOT.WANTQ ) THEN
INFO = -1
ELSE IF( .NOT.LSAME( COMPZ, 'N' ) .AND. .NOT.WANTZ ) THEN
INFO = -2
ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -3
ELSE IF( ILO.LT.1 ) THEN
INFO = -4
ELSE IF( IHI.GT.N .OR. IHI.LT.ILO-1 ) THEN
INFO = -5
ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -7
ELSE IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -9
ELSE IF( ( WANTQ .AND. LDQ.LT.N ) .OR. LDQ.LT.1 ) THEN
INFO = -11
ELSE IF( ( WANTZ .AND. LDZ.LT.N ) .OR. LDZ.LT.1 ) THEN
INFO = -13
ELSE IF( LWORK.LT.1 .AND. .NOT.LQUERY ) THEN
INFO = -15
END IF
IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
CALL XERBLA( 'DGGHD3', -INFO )
RETURN
ELSE IF( LQUERY ) THEN
RETURN
END IF
*
* Initialize Q and Z if desired.
*
IF( INITQ )
$ CALL DLASET( 'All', N, N, ZERO, ONE, Q, LDQ )
IF( INITZ )
$ CALL DLASET( 'All', N, N, ZERO, ONE, Z, LDZ )
*
* Zero out lower triangle of B.
*
IF( N.GT.1 )
$ CALL DLASET( 'Lower', N-1, N-1, ZERO, ZERO, B(2, 1), LDB )
*
* Quick return if possible
*
IF( NH.LE.1 ) THEN
WORK( 1 ) = ONE
RETURN
END IF
*
* Determine the blocksize.
*
NBMIN = ILAENV( 2, 'DGGHD3', ' ', N, ILO, IHI, -1 )
IF( NB.GT.1 .AND. NB.LT.NH ) THEN
*
* Determine when to use unblocked instead of blocked code.
*
NX = MAX( NB, ILAENV( 3, 'DGGHD3', ' ', N, ILO, IHI, -1 ) )
IF( NX.LT.NH ) THEN
*
* Determine if workspace is large enough for blocked code.
*
IF( LWORK.LT.LWKOPT ) THEN
*
* Not enough workspace to use optimal NB: determine the
* minimum value of NB, and reduce NB or force use of
* unblocked code.
*
NBMIN = MAX( 2, ILAENV( 2, 'DGGHD3', ' ', N, ILO, IHI,
$ -1 ) )
IF( LWORK.GE.6*N*NBMIN ) THEN
NB = LWORK / ( 6*N )
ELSE
NB = 1
END IF
END IF
END IF
END IF
*
IF( NB.LT.NBMIN .OR. NB.GE.NH ) THEN
*
* Use unblocked code below
*
JCOL = ILO
*
ELSE
*
* Use blocked code
*
KACC22 = ILAENV( 16, 'DGGHD3', ' ', N, ILO, IHI, -1 )
BLK22 = KACC22.EQ.2
DO JCOL = ILO, IHI-2, NB
NNB = MIN( NB, IHI-JCOL-1 )
*
* Initialize small orthogonal factors that will hold the
* accumulated Givens rotations in workspace.
* N2NB denotes the number of 2*NNB-by-2*NNB factors
* NBLST denotes the (possibly smaller) order of the last
* factor.
*
N2NB = ( IHI-JCOL-1 ) / NNB - 1
NBLST = IHI - JCOL - N2NB*NNB
CALL DLASET( 'All', NBLST, NBLST, ZERO, ONE, WORK,
$ NBLST )
PW = NBLST * NBLST + 1
DO I = 1, N2NB
CALL DLASET( 'All', 2*NNB, 2*NNB, ZERO, ONE,
$ WORK( PW ), 2*NNB )
PW = PW + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
*
* Reduce columns JCOL:JCOL+NNB-1 of A to Hessenberg form.
*
DO J = JCOL, JCOL+NNB-1
*
* Reduce Jth column of A. Store cosines and sines in Jth
* column of A and B, respectively.
*
DO I = IHI, J+2, -1
TEMP = A( I-1, J )
CALL DLARTG( TEMP, A( I, J ), C, S, A( I-1, J ) )
A( I, J ) = C
B( I, J ) = S
END DO
*
* Accumulate Givens rotations into workspace array.
*
PPW = ( NBLST + 1 )*( NBLST - 2 ) - J + JCOL + 1
LEN = 2 + J - JCOL
JROW = J + N2NB*NNB + 2
DO I = IHI, JROW, -1
C = A( I, J )
S = B( I, J )
DO JJ = PPW, PPW+LEN-1
TEMP = WORK( JJ + NBLST )
WORK( JJ + NBLST ) = C*TEMP - S*WORK( JJ )
WORK( JJ ) = S*TEMP + C*WORK( JJ )
END DO
LEN = LEN + 1
PPW = PPW - NBLST - 1
END DO
*
PPWO = NBLST*NBLST + ( NNB+J-JCOL-1 )*2*NNB + NNB
J0 = JROW - NNB
DO JROW = J0, J+2, -NNB
PPW = PPWO
LEN = 2 + J - JCOL
DO I = JROW+NNB-1, JROW, -1
C = A( I, J )
S = B( I, J )
DO JJ = PPW, PPW+LEN-1
TEMP = WORK( JJ + 2*NNB )
WORK( JJ + 2*NNB ) = C*TEMP - S*WORK( JJ )
WORK( JJ ) = S*TEMP + C*WORK( JJ )
END DO
LEN = LEN + 1
PPW = PPW - 2*NNB - 1
END DO
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
*
* TOP denotes the number of top rows in A and B that will
* not be updated during the next steps.
*
IF( JCOL.LE.2 ) THEN
TOP = 0
ELSE
TOP = JCOL
END IF
*
* Propagate transformations through B and replace stored
* left sines/cosines by right sines/cosines.
*
DO JJ = N, J+1, -1
*
* Update JJth column of B.
*
DO I = MIN( JJ+1, IHI ), J+2, -1
C = A( I, J )
S = B( I, J )
TEMP = B( I, JJ )
B( I, JJ ) = C*TEMP - S*B( I-1, JJ )
B( I-1, JJ ) = S*TEMP + C*B( I-1, JJ )
END DO
*
* Annihilate B( JJ+1, JJ ).
*
IF( JJ.LT.IHI ) THEN
TEMP = B( JJ+1, JJ+1 )
CALL DLARTG( TEMP, B( JJ+1, JJ ), C, S,
$ B( JJ+1, JJ+1 ) )
B( JJ+1, JJ ) = ZERO
CALL DROT( JJ-TOP, B( TOP+1, JJ+1 ), 1,
$ B( TOP+1, JJ ), 1, C, S )
A( JJ+1, J ) = C
B( JJ+1, J ) = -S
END IF
END DO
*
* Update A by transformations from right.
* Explicit loop unrolling provides better performance
* compared to DLASR.
* CALL DLASR( 'Right', 'Variable', 'Backward', IHI-TOP,
* $ IHI-J, A( J+2, J ), B( J+2, J ),
* $ A( TOP+1, J+1 ), LDA )
*
JJ = MOD( IHI-J-1, 3 )
DO I = IHI-J-3, JJ+1, -3
C = A( J+1+I, J )
S = -B( J+1+I, J )
C1 = A( J+2+I, J )
S1 = -B( J+2+I, J )
C2 = A( J+3+I, J )
S2 = -B( J+3+I, J )
*
DO K = TOP+1, IHI
TEMP = A( K, J+I )
TEMP1 = A( K, J+I+1 )
TEMP2 = A( K, J+I+2 )
TEMP3 = A( K, J+I+3 )
A( K, J+I+3 ) = C2*TEMP3 + S2*TEMP2
TEMP2 = -S2*TEMP3 + C2*TEMP2
A( K, J+I+2 ) = C1*TEMP2 + S1*TEMP1
TEMP1 = -S1*TEMP2 + C1*TEMP1
A( K, J+I+1 ) = C*TEMP1 + S*TEMP
A( K, J+I ) = -S*TEMP1 + C*TEMP
END DO
END DO
*
IF( JJ.GT.0 ) THEN
DO I = JJ, 1, -1
CALL DROT( IHI-TOP, A( TOP+1, J+I+1 ), 1,
$ A( TOP+1, J+I ), 1, A( J+1+I, J ),
$ -B( J+1+I, J ) )
END DO
END IF
*
* Update (J+1)th column of A by transformations from left.
*
IF ( J .LT. JCOL + NNB - 1 ) THEN
LEN = 1 + J - JCOL
*
* Multiply with the trailing accumulated orthogonal
* matrix, which takes the form
*
* [ U11 U12 ]
* U = [ ],
* [ U21 U22 ]
*
* where U21 is a LEN-by-LEN matrix and U12 is lower
* triangular.
*
JROW = IHI - NBLST + 1
CALL DGEMV( 'Transpose', NBLST, LEN, ONE, WORK,
$ NBLST, A( JROW, J+1 ), 1, ZERO,
$ WORK( PW ), 1 )
PPW = PW + LEN
DO I = JROW, JROW+NBLST-LEN-1
WORK( PPW ) = A( I, J+1 )
PPW = PPW + 1
END DO
CALL DTRMV( 'Lower', 'Transpose', 'Non-unit',
$ NBLST-LEN, WORK( LEN*NBLST + 1 ), NBLST,
$ WORK( PW+LEN ), 1 )
CALL DGEMV( 'Transpose', LEN, NBLST-LEN, ONE,
$ WORK( (LEN+1)*NBLST - LEN + 1 ), NBLST,
$ A( JROW+NBLST-LEN, J+1 ), 1, ONE,
$ WORK( PW+LEN ), 1 )
PPW = PW
DO I = JROW, JROW+NBLST-1
A( I, J+1 ) = WORK( PPW )
PPW = PPW + 1
END DO
*
* Multiply with the other accumulated orthogonal
* matrices, which take the form
*
* [ U11 U12 0 ]
* [ ]
* U = [ U21 U22 0 ],
* [ ]
* [ 0 0 I ]
*
* where I denotes the (NNB-LEN)-by-(NNB-LEN) identity
* matrix, U21 is a LEN-by-LEN upper triangular matrix
* and U12 is an NNB-by-NNB lower triangular matrix.
*
PPWO = 1 + NBLST*NBLST
J0 = JROW - NNB
DO JROW = J0, JCOL+1, -NNB
PPW = PW + LEN
DO I = JROW, JROW+NNB-1
WORK( PPW ) = A( I, J+1 )
PPW = PPW + 1
END DO
PPW = PW
DO I = JROW+NNB, JROW+NNB+LEN-1
WORK( PPW ) = A( I, J+1 )
PPW = PPW + 1
END DO
CALL DTRMV( 'Upper', 'Transpose', 'Non-unit',
$ LEN,
$ WORK( PPWO + NNB ), 2*NNB, WORK( PW ),
$ 1 )
CALL DTRMV( 'Lower', 'Transpose', 'Non-unit',
$ NNB,
$ WORK( PPWO + 2*LEN*NNB ),
$ 2*NNB, WORK( PW + LEN ), 1 )
CALL DGEMV( 'Transpose', NNB, LEN, ONE,
$ WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB, A( JROW, J+1 ), 1,
$ ONE, WORK( PW ), 1 )
CALL DGEMV( 'Transpose', LEN, NNB, ONE,
$ WORK( PPWO + 2*LEN*NNB + NNB ), 2*NNB,
$ A( JROW+NNB, J+1 ), 1, ONE,
$ WORK( PW+LEN ), 1 )
PPW = PW
DO I = JROW, JROW+LEN+NNB-1
A( I, J+1 ) = WORK( PPW )
PPW = PPW + 1
END DO
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
END IF
END DO
*
* Apply accumulated orthogonal matrices to A.
*
COLA = N - JCOL - NNB + 1
J = IHI - NBLST + 1
CALL DGEMM( 'Transpose', 'No Transpose', NBLST,
$ COLA, NBLST, ONE, WORK, NBLST,
$ A( J, JCOL+NNB ), LDA, ZERO, WORK( PW ),
$ NBLST )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', NBLST, COLA, WORK( PW ), NBLST,
$ A( J, JCOL+NNB ), LDA )
PPWO = NBLST*NBLST + 1
J0 = J - NNB
DO J = J0, JCOL+1, -NNB
IF ( BLK22 ) THEN
*
* Exploit the structure of
*
* [ U11 U12 ]
* U = [ ]
* [ U21 U22 ],
*
* where all blocks are NNB-by-NNB, U21 is upper
* triangular and U12 is lower triangular.
*
CALL DORM22( 'Left', 'Transpose', 2*NNB, COLA, NNB,
$ NNB, WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB,
$ A( J, JCOL+NNB ), LDA, WORK( PW ),
$ LWORK-PW+1, IERR )
ELSE
*
* Ignore the structure of U.
*
CALL DGEMM( 'Transpose', 'No Transpose', 2*NNB,
$ COLA, 2*NNB, ONE, WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB,
$ A( J, JCOL+NNB ), LDA, ZERO, WORK( PW ),
$ 2*NNB )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', 2*NNB, COLA, WORK( PW ), 2*NNB,
$ A( J, JCOL+NNB ), LDA )
END IF
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
*
* Apply accumulated orthogonal matrices to Q.
*
IF( WANTQ ) THEN
J = IHI - NBLST + 1
IF ( INITQ ) THEN
TOPQ = MAX( 2, J - JCOL + 1 )
NH = IHI - TOPQ + 1
ELSE
TOPQ = 1
NH = N
END IF
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', NH,
$ NBLST, NBLST, ONE, Q( TOPQ, J ), LDQ,
$ WORK, NBLST, ZERO, WORK( PW ), NH )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', NH, NBLST, WORK( PW ), NH,
$ Q( TOPQ, J ), LDQ )
PPWO = NBLST*NBLST + 1
J0 = J - NNB
DO J = J0, JCOL+1, -NNB
IF ( INITQ ) THEN
TOPQ = MAX( 2, J - JCOL + 1 )
NH = IHI - TOPQ + 1
END IF
IF ( BLK22 ) THEN
*
* Exploit the structure of U.
*
CALL DORM22( 'Right', 'No Transpose', NH, 2*NNB,
$ NNB, NNB, WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB,
$ Q( TOPQ, J ), LDQ, WORK( PW ),
$ LWORK-PW+1, IERR )
ELSE
*
* Ignore the structure of U.
*
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', NH,
$ 2*NNB, 2*NNB, ONE, Q( TOPQ, J ), LDQ,
$ WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB, ZERO, WORK( PW ),
$ NH )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', NH, 2*NNB, WORK( PW ), NH,
$ Q( TOPQ, J ), LDQ )
END IF
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
END IF
*
* Accumulate right Givens rotations if required.
*
IF ( WANTZ .OR. TOP.GT.0 ) THEN
*
* Initialize small orthogonal factors that will hold the
* accumulated Givens rotations in workspace.
*
CALL DLASET( 'All', NBLST, NBLST, ZERO, ONE, WORK,
$ NBLST )
PW = NBLST * NBLST + 1
DO I = 1, N2NB
CALL DLASET( 'All', 2*NNB, 2*NNB, ZERO, ONE,
$ WORK( PW ), 2*NNB )
PW = PW + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
*
* Accumulate Givens rotations into workspace array.
*
DO J = JCOL, JCOL+NNB-1
PPW = ( NBLST + 1 )*( NBLST - 2 ) - J + JCOL + 1
LEN = 2 + J - JCOL
JROW = J + N2NB*NNB + 2
DO I = IHI, JROW, -1
C = A( I, J )
A( I, J ) = ZERO
S = B( I, J )
B( I, J ) = ZERO
DO JJ = PPW, PPW+LEN-1
TEMP = WORK( JJ + NBLST )
WORK( JJ + NBLST ) = C*TEMP - S*WORK( JJ )
WORK( JJ ) = S*TEMP + C*WORK( JJ )
END DO
LEN = LEN + 1
PPW = PPW - NBLST - 1
END DO
*
PPWO = NBLST*NBLST + ( NNB+J-JCOL-1 )*2*NNB + NNB
J0 = JROW - NNB
DO JROW = J0, J+2, -NNB
PPW = PPWO
LEN = 2 + J - JCOL
DO I = JROW+NNB-1, JROW, -1
C = A( I, J )
A( I, J ) = ZERO
S = B( I, J )
B( I, J ) = ZERO
DO JJ = PPW, PPW+LEN-1
TEMP = WORK( JJ + 2*NNB )
WORK( JJ + 2*NNB ) = C*TEMP - S*WORK( JJ )
WORK( JJ ) = S*TEMP + C*WORK( JJ )
END DO
LEN = LEN + 1
PPW = PPW - 2*NNB - 1
END DO
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
END DO
ELSE
*
CALL DLASET( 'Lower', IHI - JCOL - 1, NNB, ZERO, ZERO,
$ A( JCOL + 2, JCOL ), LDA )
CALL DLASET( 'Lower', IHI - JCOL - 1, NNB, ZERO, ZERO,
$ B( JCOL + 2, JCOL ), LDB )
END IF
*
* Apply accumulated orthogonal matrices to A and B.
*
IF ( TOP.GT.0 ) THEN
J = IHI - NBLST + 1
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', TOP,
$ NBLST, NBLST, ONE, A( 1, J ), LDA,
$ WORK, NBLST, ZERO, WORK( PW ), TOP )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', TOP, NBLST, WORK( PW ), TOP,
$ A( 1, J ), LDA )
PPWO = NBLST*NBLST + 1
J0 = J - NNB
DO J = J0, JCOL+1, -NNB
IF ( BLK22 ) THEN
*
* Exploit the structure of U.
*
CALL DORM22( 'Right', 'No Transpose', TOP,
$ 2*NNB,
$ NNB, NNB, WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB,
$ A( 1, J ), LDA, WORK( PW ),
$ LWORK-PW+1, IERR )
ELSE
*
* Ignore the structure of U.
*
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', TOP,
$ 2*NNB, 2*NNB, ONE, A( 1, J ), LDA,
$ WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB, ZERO,
$ WORK( PW ), TOP )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', TOP, 2*NNB, WORK( PW ), TOP,
$ A( 1, J ), LDA )
END IF
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
*
J = IHI - NBLST + 1
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', TOP,
$ NBLST, NBLST, ONE, B( 1, J ), LDB,
$ WORK, NBLST, ZERO, WORK( PW ), TOP )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', TOP, NBLST, WORK( PW ), TOP,
$ B( 1, J ), LDB )
PPWO = NBLST*NBLST + 1
J0 = J - NNB
DO J = J0, JCOL+1, -NNB
IF ( BLK22 ) THEN
*
* Exploit the structure of U.
*
CALL DORM22( 'Right', 'No Transpose', TOP,
$ 2*NNB,
$ NNB, NNB, WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB,
$ B( 1, J ), LDB, WORK( PW ),
$ LWORK-PW+1, IERR )
ELSE
*
* Ignore the structure of U.
*
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', TOP,
$ 2*NNB, 2*NNB, ONE, B( 1, J ), LDB,
$ WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB, ZERO,
$ WORK( PW ), TOP )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', TOP, 2*NNB, WORK( PW ), TOP,
$ B( 1, J ), LDB )
END IF
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
END IF
*
* Apply accumulated orthogonal matrices to Z.
*
IF( WANTZ ) THEN
J = IHI - NBLST + 1
IF ( INITQ ) THEN
TOPQ = MAX( 2, J - JCOL + 1 )
NH = IHI - TOPQ + 1
ELSE
TOPQ = 1
NH = N
END IF
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', NH,
$ NBLST, NBLST, ONE, Z( TOPQ, J ), LDZ,
$ WORK, NBLST, ZERO, WORK( PW ), NH )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', NH, NBLST, WORK( PW ), NH,
$ Z( TOPQ, J ), LDZ )
PPWO = NBLST*NBLST + 1
J0 = J - NNB
DO J = J0, JCOL+1, -NNB
IF ( INITQ ) THEN
TOPQ = MAX( 2, J - JCOL + 1 )
NH = IHI - TOPQ + 1
END IF
IF ( BLK22 ) THEN
*
* Exploit the structure of U.
*
CALL DORM22( 'Right', 'No Transpose', NH, 2*NNB,
$ NNB, NNB, WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB,
$ Z( TOPQ, J ), LDZ, WORK( PW ),
$ LWORK-PW+1, IERR )
ELSE
*
* Ignore the structure of U.
*
CALL DGEMM( 'No Transpose', 'No Transpose', NH,
$ 2*NNB, 2*NNB, ONE, Z( TOPQ, J ), LDZ,
$ WORK( PPWO ), 2*NNB, ZERO, WORK( PW ),
$ NH )
CALL DLACPY( 'All', NH, 2*NNB, WORK( PW ), NH,
$ Z( TOPQ, J ), LDZ )
END IF
PPWO = PPWO + 4*NNB*NNB
END DO
END IF
END DO
END IF
*
* Use unblocked code to reduce the rest of the matrix
* Avoid re-initialization of modified Q and Z.
*
COMPQ2 = COMPQ
COMPZ2 = COMPZ
IF ( JCOL.NE.ILO ) THEN
IF ( WANTQ )
$ COMPQ2 = 'V'
IF ( WANTZ )
$ COMPZ2 = 'V'
END IF
*
IF ( JCOL.LT.IHI )
$ CALL DGGHRD( COMPQ2, COMPZ2, N, JCOL, IHI, A, LDA, B, LDB,
$ Q,
$ LDQ, Z, LDZ, IERR )
*
WORK( 1 ) = DBLE( LWKOPT )
*
RETURN
*
* End of DGGHD3
*
END
``` |
The 1932 West Coast Army football team was an American football team that represented the West Coast Army during the 1932 college football season.
Schedule
References
West Coast Army |
Ken Bacon may refer to:
Kenneth Bacon (1944–2009), American journalist
Ken Bacon (politician) (born 1944), Australian politician |
Vertebrate Paleontology is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Alfred Sherwood Romer, published by the University of Chicago Press. It went through three editions (1933, 1945, 1966) and for many years constituted a very authoritative work and the definitive coverage of the subject. A condensed version centering on comparative anatomy, coauthored by T. S. Parson came in 1977, remaining in print until 1985. The 1988 book Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution by Robert L. Carroll is largely based on Romer's book.
The book provides a very detailed and comprehensive technical account of every main group of living and fossil vertebrates, though the mammal-like reptiles are covered in particular, these being Romer's main interest. At the rear of the book is a classification list which includes every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range.
References
Paleontology books
1933 non-fiction books
1933 in paleontology |
Laine Peters [pronounced: LAY-nee] (born March 24, 1970 in Arborfield, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian curler, from Calgary. Peters has played in 11 Tournament of Hearts and six World Championships. Peters grew up in Carrot River, Saskatchewan.
Career
Nova Scotia
At the 1999 Scott Tournament of Hearts, Peters was the alternate with Nova Scotia (skipped by Colleen Jones). The team won the event, and represented Canada at the 1999 Ford World Women's Curling Championship, where they finished fifth. Peters would not play in any games in either event.
Peters won her first Nova Scotia Tournament of Hearts in 2000, playing lead with Team Kay Zinck. The team would represent Nova Scotia at the 2000 Scott Tournament of Hearts. After posting a 7-4 round robin record, the team lost in a tiebreaker to Team British Columbia, skipped by Kelley Law.
Peters was the alternate with Team Nova Scotia again (skipped by Jones) at the 2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts, which the team won. They would go on to win a gold medal at the 2001 Ford World Women's Curling Championship. Again, Peters would not play in any games with the team. Peters would continue to be the alternate with the team at the 2002 and 2003 Scott Tournament of Hearts, winning both events. The team would finish in fourth place at the 2002 Ford World Women's Curling Championship and won a silver medal at the 2003 Ford World Women's Curling Championship. Peters would play in two games at the 2003 Hearts.
Peters won her second Nova Scotia provincial title in 2004, playing second with Team Heather Smith-Dacey. The team represented Nova Scotia at the 2004 Scott Tournament of Hearts, finishing the round robin with a 6-5 record, missing the playoffs.
Peters won a third Nova Scotia title in 2008, playing second with Team Mary-Anne Arsenault. The team represented Nova Scotia at the 2008 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, and again finished the round robin with a 6-5 record, missing the playoffs.
In addition to her women's success, Peters won the Canadian Mixed Curling Championship in 2002 playing lead with a team skipped by Mark Dacey.
Alberta
Peters moved to Calgary in 2009 and joined Team Heather Nedohin in 2010 as her lead. Peters won her first Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts in 2012. The team would represent Alberta at the 2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. There, Peters and teammate Beth Iskiw became the first time teammates had played together for two different provinces (the pair represented Nova Scotia at the 2004 Hearts). Finishing the round robin with a 7-4 record, the team won all three of their playoff games en route to the championship. The team represented Canada at the 2012 Ford World Women's Curling Championship. At the Worlds, they finished the round robin with a 7-4 record, tied with the United States (skipped by Allison Pottinger). They beat the Americans, but would lose to South Korea (skipped by Kim Ji-sun) in the 3 vs. 4 page playoff game, sending Canada to the bronze medal game. The bronze medal game would be a re-match against the Koreans, with Canada prevailing.
The Nedohin rink would represent Team Canada at the 2013 Scotties Tournament of Hearts by virtue of winning the championship the year prior. The team finished the round robin with a 7-4 record, sending the team to the playoffs. There, the team beat British Columbia (skipped by Kelly Scott) in the 3 vs. 4 game, but lost in the semifinal against Manitoba (skipped by Jennifer Jones). That sent the team to a bronze medal rematch against B.C., which they would lose.
Nedohin retired from competitive curling in 2015, and the team replaced her with Chelsea Carey as the team's skip. The team won another Alberta Scotties in 2016, and would represent Alberta at the 2016 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. There, the team finished the round robin in first place with a 9-2 record. They would go on to win both of their playoff games, defeating Team Canada (skipped by Jennifer Jones) in the 1 vs. 2 game and Northern Ontario (skipped by Krista McCarville) in the final en route to the championship. The team represented Canada at the 2016 Ford World Women's Curling Championship, where they finished the round robin with an 8-3 record. In the playoffs, they would lose to Russia (skipped by Anna Sidorova) twice, settling for a fourth-place finish.
Team Carey would represent Team Canada at the 2017 Scotties Tournament of Hearts as defending champions. They finished the event with a 9-2 record, sending the team to the playoffs. There, they would lose to Northern Ontario's Krista McCarville in the 3 vs. 4 game, before beating them in the bronze medal game. Team Carey played in the 2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, and after going undefeated in the round robin, they would lose to Team Rachel Homan in the final. The team played in the Wild Card game at the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, but lost to Team Kerri Einarson, failing to qualify for the main event. The team disbanded following the season.
For the 2018-19 season, Peters joined a new team of Laura Walker, Cathy Overton-Clapham and Lori Olson-Johns. They played in four of seven Slams. At provincials, they were knocked out of the C Event 9-2 by Jodi Marthaller. After just one season, the team disbanded.
Peters joined the Cheryl Bernard senior women's rink for the 2021–22 curling season. The team won the 2021 Alberta Senior Women's Championship, and represented the province at the 2021 Canadian Senior Curling Championships, where they finished in fourth place.
Coaching
Peters coached the Tabitha Peterson rink from the United States from 2019 to 2022, and was the team's coach at the 2022 Winter Olympics. She and Natalie Nicholson were named USA Curling Coach of the Year in 2020. She was an assistant coach with the Calgary Dinos curling team for the 2022–23 season.
Honours
Peters has been inducted into the Nova Scotia Sports Hall of Fame and recently CurlSask created an award in her name to honour junior campers best demonstrating teamwork, sportsmanship, community involvement, and leadership skills.
Personal life
Peters is employed as an executive assistant to the President of the Canadian Olympic Committee.
Teams
References
External links
Curlers from Nova Scotia
Living people
1970 births
Canadian women curlers
World curling champions
Canadian women's curling champions
Canadian mixed curling champions
Curlers from Calgary
Continental Cup of Curling participants
Canada Cup (curling) participants
Canadian curling coaches |
John Carver Meadows Frost (1915 in Walton-on-Thames, England – 9 October 1979 in Auckland, New Zealand) was a British aircraft designer. His primary contributions centred on pioneering supersonic British experimental aircraft and as the chief designer who shepherded Canada's first jet fighter project, the Avro Canada CF-100, to completion. He was also the major force behind the Avro Canada VTOL aircraft projects, particularly as the unheralded creator of the Avro Canada flying saucer projects.
Early life
Frost's introduction to aviation had begun when he was a teenager. At school in the early 1930s his Latin teacher A. Maitland Emmet had taken him up in a Bristol Fighter. John Frost had been born in Walton-on-Thames near London in 1915 and had shown an early interest in the sciences at St Edward's School, Oxford, where he graduated with honours in mathematics, chemistry and physics.
Aviation career
First designs
Frost began his aeronautical career in the 1930s as an apprentice for Airspeed Limited before he moved on to the Miles, Westland, Blackburn and Slingsby companies. In 1937, Frost had designed the fuselage of the new Westland Whirlwind fighter. At Blackburn, he had been involved with the design and construction of their pre-war wind tunnel. While working for Slingsby Sailplanes from 1939 to 1942, he met his future wife, Joan, who had worked in the Slingsby Design Office as a technical artist. Frost designed the Slingsby Hengist, a troop-carrying glider to be used for the Normandy landings. It was not a success and only a few were built but it included an ingenious innovation: the use of a rubber bag undercarriage.
de Havilland
Frost's work began to be noticed when he joined the de Havilland Aircraft Company (UK), builders of the famed Mosquito bomber and fighter. After joining the de Havilland firm in 1942, Frost had become one of the senior members of the design team working on the Hornet fighter, based on the Mosquito, for which he designed a unique flap design. Later, as one of the team of designers on the D.H.100 Vampire, he was responsible for the design of the original flaps, dive brakes and ailerons for this fighter. The Vampire was the second British jet fighter designed in the Second World War, but other than its powerplant and plywood construction patterned on the Mosquito, the diminutive fighter was mainly conventional in design.
de Havilland DH.108 Swallow
Frost had then become heavily involved in one of the most important new developments at the time: swept wings and a tailless configuration on a supersonic jet fighter. Designer and company founder, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland, had already begun the D.H.106 Comet development process and was considering that radical configuration for their first jet airliner. As Project Engineer on the D.H.108, with only a team of 8–10 draughtsmen and engineers, Frost created a remarkable aircraft by marrying the front fuselage of the de Havilland Vampire to a swept wing and short stubby vertical tail to make the first British swept wing jet, soon to be unofficially known as the "Swallow." The elegant and sleek experimental D.H.108 was also to serve as a test "mule" to investigate stability and control problems for the new Comet airliner.
The D.H.108 first flew on 15 May 1946, a mere eight months after Frost had a go-ahead on the project. Company test pilot and son of the builder, Geoffrey de Havilland Jr., flew the first of three aircraft and found it extremely fast – fast enough to try for a world speed record. On 12 April 1948, a D.H.108 did set a world's speed record at 973.65 km/h (605 mph) and later on became the first jet aircraft to exceed the speed of sound. The first D.H.108, TG-283, was alleged to have suddenly jumped from Mach .98 to Mach 1.05 while being test-flown by John Derry on 9 September 1948. On 27 September 1946, while practising for an upcoming run at a new speed record, Geoffrey de Havilland Jr. died when his D.H.108 broke up in the air at or near the speed of sound.
Avro Canada
Frost was persuaded to move to Canada in 1947, shortly after the completion of the design of the Swallow, where he joined A.V. Roe Canada (Avro Canada). To him, this was an ideal opportunity – there was a promising project to work on and a chance to get away from the depressing conditions of postwar Britain. At the time, his wife, Joan, was living in the north of England while Frost worked at Hatfield, near London. Accommodations for many young couples were similarly strained. During his tenure at de Havilland, Frost began to put forward a number of unique ideas for a tip jet-driven rotor helicopter – a concept also known as a gyrodyne. He continued his research privately and with a group of friends, including fellow engineer, T. Desmond Earl, built a scale model to test his theories. Shortly after his departure to Canada, Earl joined Frost in his new venture, and remained his "right-hand man" for the rest of the Canadian period.
XC-100 / CF-100 jet fighter
On 14 June 1947, Frost arrived at Avro Canada's Malton, Ontario facility with his wife to take over as Project Designer of the new XC-100 jet fighter interceptor. After 18 months of development, the fighter had entered the mock-up stage. Frost decided to alter the aircraft design which immediately brought him into conflict with Avro Canada Chief Aerodynamacist Jim Chamberlin. Basically "cleaning up" the fuselage, Frost set out to change the design subtly. Even though he wanted to use a swept-wing configuration, the prototype (by now called the CF-100 Canuck) proceeded to prototype stage in the same basic configuration of straight-winged, twin-engined form. (The swept-wing CF-103 proposed by Frost in December 1950 was a transonic follow-up to the CF-100). Although the CF-100 prototype was now a much more sleek shape, Frost still considered the design awkward. "It was a clumsy thing. All brute force," he remarked.
While Frost was in England to confer with members of the Hawker Siddeley Group, Chamberlin made another alteration by moving the engines back and "notching" the wing spar to accommodate the change. The weakened spar was a flexible structure where the stress was heavy leading to potentially dangerous situations with the CF-100.
Gloster's Chief Test pilot Bill Waterton flew with Frost in the second seat; to the test pilot, this was a revelation: "(Frost was)...very much the keen English public schoolboy type. Here was another delightful contrast to England, where I was never able to find a designer with spare time enough to fly in his own creation." Frost considered it important to get a feel for the aircraft and its systems. He even tested the CF-100's ejection seat by becoming a test subject himself. Early flights revealed the great potential of the aircraft but also showed the flaw in the spar was dangerous. With the crash of the second CF-100 prototype and early production CF-100s delivered to the RCAF without the final modifications to the spar, Frost was blamed for the delays and removed as CF-100 Project Designer in early 1952.
Special Projects Group
Frost made a proposal that Avro start an experimental project based on vertical takeoff and landing concepts. "It was not a case of Frost indulging in a personal whim. The idea of a saucer-like flying machine had revolutionary implications then and still does. A conventional aircraft is very inefficient, aerodynamically. Like a bumble bee, there's no way it should fly. It only does so because of the wing which gives it lift and the engine's power to overcome the drag of the fuselage, the load, the tailplane, the stabilizers, fins and the engines."
Shortly after its formation in 1952, Frost's Special Projects Group started a paper study on a "pancake" engine, a jet turbine that had its main components arranged in a circular design. From the outset, the Special Projects Group had a cloak-and-dagger feel to it. Housed in a Second World War-era structure, across from the company headquarters, the group had all the accoutrements of a top-secret operation, including security guards, locked doors and special pass cards. Within the confines of this technical fortress, Frost surrounded himself with a collection of like-minded dreamers and maverick engineers. There he encouraged close cooperation and, while ostensibly the boss, he was collegial and very much one of the boys.
Project Y
Research undertaken by Frost on the "Coandă effect" confirmed that the concept of ground cushion could be the basis for a vehicle he had envisioned that could have both vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities and could still operate as a high-performance aircraft. As Frost developed further studies, his ideas on revolutionary vertical takeoff systems led to the patent of "Aircraft Propulsion and Control".
In 1952, "Project Y", a "spade-shaped" fighter powered by Frost's revolutionary pancake engine proceeded to mock-up stage. By 1953, with the company having little more than a wooden mock-up, paper drawings and promises to show for a $4-million (Cdn) outlay, a more critical eye was cast on the project. Not surprisingly, the plug got pulled when government funding from the Defence Research Board dried up.
The American connection: Project Y-2 / Weapons Systems 606A / VZ-9-AV Avrocar
Frost's later ideas revolved around a disk or saucer shape – a "flying saucer" and resulted in a number of patents in Great Britain, the United States and Canada on the unique concepts of propulsion, control and stabilisation systems that were incorporated. Frost continued to lobby for the project now called the "Y-2" and achieved a remarkable breakthrough by demonstrating the project to the United States Air Force. With funding from the Americans, Frost was able to proceed with his research. From 1955 to 1959, the design team concentrated on the new VTOL supersonic studies known as Weapon Systems 606A which Avro Canada continued to support through an associated private venture program, the PV-704 which resulted in the construction of an engine test rig in 1957.
The PV-704 supersonic test model, powered by six Armstrong-Siddeley Viper jet engines driving a central rotor, was built and housed inside a small, brick testing rig. The test model was abandoned in favour of a simpler flying model led to the only design that materialised from the Avro Special Project Group, a "proof-of-concept" vehicle, the VZ-9-AV "Avrocar". Two Avrocar prototypes were constructed and completed a series of wind tunnel tests at NASA Ames in California and a 75-hour flying program at the Malton home of Avro Canada. The results of the testing revealed a stability problem and degraded performance due to turbo-rotor tolerances. Before modifications could be achieved, funding ran out with the final flight test program completed in March 1961.
As the result of his work in vertical takeoff systems, John Frost was invited to become a fellow of the Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute after he presented the W. Rupert Turnbull seventh lecture on 25 May 1961. The citation noted that Frost had discovered and patented the air cushion effect that had been evident in his work on flying saucers and that U.S. Patent #3124323 "Aircraft Propulsion and Control" was one of a series of US, Canadian and British patents to become known as the "Frost patents."
New Zealand
With the end of the Avrocar project, he left A. V. Roe Canada early in 1962. In the wake of the cancellation of its premier fighter program, the CF-105 Avro Arrow by the Canadian government, Avro Canada was unable to survive, being broken up on 30 April 1962. Like many of the former employees of A.V. Roe Canada, John Frost began a new career when he left the company. He left Canada for New Zealand in 1964 where he again became part of the aviation industry; first joining the airworthiness section of the Civil Aviation Authority where he headed the certification of the Waitomo PL-11 Airtruck, the first commercial aircraft developed in New Zealand. During this period, Frost also designed the Murray Air, an agricultural biplane.
Later in 1965, Frost became a technical services engineer for Air New Zealand, serving in that position for 13 years until his retirement in April 1978. His time at Air New Zealand was very fulfilling. He was responsible for all technical activities at the airline's engineering headquarters at Mangere, New Zealand. All "Air New Zealand aircraft are showcases for the Frost ingenuity." (Daily News New Zealand, April 1978). The unique swivelling bassinets attached to the airliner's hat racks are his design along with locks that hold down pallets in the cargo hold, air-conditioning systems for the cargo bay, rest seats for air crew, toilet tap washers and gallery plugs. His most impressive design was a gigantic hydraulically operated tail dock system.
After retirement, he continued to explore many areas. He became involved in an aviation project – designing and constructing, with the assistance of university students at Auckland, a human-powered aircraft. He would not see his EMME 1 fly.
Death
Frost died from a heart attack in Auckland, New Zealand on 9 October 1979 at the age of 63.
Legacy
His last creation did fly, albeit towed behind a car, and the EMME 1 is now under restoration for display at the Museum of Transport & Technology, Auckland.
See also
Alexander Lippisch
References
Notes
Bibliography
Avrocar: Saucer Secrets from the Past. Winnipeg: MidCanada Entertainment, 2002.
Campagna, Palmiro. "The Avrocar: Canada's Flying Saucer." Arrow Recovery Canada website (incorrectly identified as the "Avro Car (sic)").
Campagna, Palmiro.The UFO Files: The Canadian Connection Exposed. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 1998. .
"Retiring Designer Leaves Stamp in Aviation World." The Daily News, New Plymouth, New Zealand, 22 May 1979.
Rose, Bill and Tony Buttler. Flying Saucer Aircraft (Secret Projects). Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 2006. .
Waterton, Bill. The Quick and the Dead. London: Frederick Mueller, 1958.
Whitcomb, Randall. Avro Aircraft & Cold War Aviation. St. Catharine's, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Ltd., 2002. .
Williams, A.R. "Avro built a saucer-plane that actually flew." Winnipeg Tribune, TribFocus, 18 December 1976.
Yeager, Chuck et al. The Quest for Mach One: A First-Person Account of Breaking the Sound Barrier. New York: Penguin Studio, 1997. .
Zuk, Bill. Avrocar: Canada's Flying Saucer... Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 2001. .
Zuk, William. "John Frost: Engineer." avrocar.com, 2003.
1915 births
1979 deaths
Aircraft designers
People educated at St Edward's School, Oxford |
Fuzzbucket is a 1986 American made-for-television adventure film written and directed by Mick Garris starring Chris Hebert as a young Michael Gerber and Phil Fondacaro as his invisible friend, Fuzzbucket. The film also stars Joe Regalbuto as Michael's dad, Wendy Phillips as his mother, Robyn Lively as his older sister, and John Vernon as the Principal. It was produced by The Samuel Goldwyn Company in association with Walt Disney Television.
Plot
Michael Gerber is an awkward young boy who is about to start junior high and has no real friends. His family life is in turmoil, as his father and mother are constantly fighting. His only companion is an imaginary friend he calls Fuzzbucket. In the first act of the film, both the viewer and every character except Michael is left to make the assumption that Fuzzbucket is an imaginary friend. When Michael cooks up a strange, green concoction for his friend to drink, Fuzzbucket turns visible again. Astonished to see Fuzzbucket for the first time, young Michael becomes overjoyed. His newly visible friend exuberantly leaps around Michael's treehouse in celebration. The two friends share a heartfelt moment in his treehouse when Fuzzbucket traces their hands with crayons, a ceremony that makes them blood brothers. At Fuzzbucket's urgent request for "Toons! Toons!" Michael switches on his television and the two sit together watching classic cartoons, and they soon drift off to sleep. Hours later, Fuzzbucket awakens and insists on knowing the time. He urgently cries to Michael, "How many clocks? How many clocks!?" Fearing that if he doesn't make it back home in time he will turn invisible again, only this time it will be forever. Fuzzbucket leaps out of the treehouse and escapes into the woods. Michael, afraid of losing his one and only friend, takes off after him.
Fuzzbucket repeatedly tries to distance himself from Michael while trying to get back to an underground lair full of other rat-like creatures similar to Fuzzbucket. At one point, Fuzzbucket is found in a dumpster with a rat eating his tail. Michael picks up a can and throws it at the rat, knocking it off of his friend's tail. Fuzzbucket thanks Michael for "saving his life," taking his hand, kissing it, and making a strange slurping sound. He runs off and Michael gives chase. Michael tracks the creature into the woods and falls into his lair. He arrives in a chamber where Fuzzbucket creatures scatter in fright. The actual Fuzzbucket shows up and tells Michael that since he helped him, Fuzzbucket will help him also. Michael is found by a search party underneath a tree shortly after. They all return home, where his mother and father find gifts in their room left behind by Fuzzbucket. The father opens up a novelty sized Hershey's Kiss, while the mother opens up a music box. They set their gifts aside and share an intimate moment, when the camera pans to show Fuzzbucket sneaking away from the house.
Characters
Fuzzbucket is a hairy creature that lives in the swamps of Dead Man's Marsh with many other fuzzbuckets. The character is called "Fuzzbucket" by Michael, but also is a fuzzbucket. It is not explained whether all fuzzbuckets have different names.
Michael Gerber is a 12-year-old boy and main character of the film. He is dealing with his first day of junior high and fitting in. Everyone in the film finds him odd or weird due to the fact they always think he is talking to himself, when he is in fact talking to Fuzzbucket.
Home media
Disney released a DVD-on-Demand version of this film as part of their "Disney Generations Collection" line of DVDs on July 5, 2011. The film was included in the at-launch library of Disney+.
References
External links
Fuzzbucket DVD
1986 television films
1986 films
American television films
Disney Channel original films
Films directed by Mick Garris
American adventure films
1990s adventure films
1980s American films
1990s American films |
Noah Zuhdi (born February 27, 1983) is a former college basketball player, former professional boxer and World Boxing Union (WBU) Lightweight Champion, and current American entrepreneur based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He is the grandson of famed, renowned heart surgeon Nazih Zuhdi and son of attorney Nabil "Bill" Zuhdi.
Early life
Zuhdi was the only child born to Janet Denker and Nabil "Bill" Zuhdi on February 27, 1983, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Zuhdi's athleticism quickly pronounced itself as he played for Heritage Hall High School and became a standout point guard for the team. By his senior year of high school, Zuhdi's strong performances on the court would earn him a nomination to McDonald’s High School All American basketball team in 2001. After graduation, Zuhdi would progress to collegiate basketball, first with Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas, and then with St. Gregory's University in Shawnee, Oklahoma. It was at St. Gregory's University where he would go on to be named an NAIA Academic All American.
With his basketball eligibility winding down in college, Zuhdi focused on two other outlets to build and display his various skills: law and boxing. After graduating from St. Gregory's University, Zuhdi was accepted into and entered Oklahoma University's School of Law . While simultaneously training for boxing and studying, Zuhdi found success in both fields as he graduated from the School of Law in 2009 and became a champion in boxing.
Professional boxing career
Zuhdi forewent amateur bouts and started his professional boxing career on November 18, 2007. He would win his pro debut against Rafael Torres via TKO in Round 1. Under the guidance of Sean O'Grady and Buck Smith, Zuhdi's early years were so successful that he won The Daily Oklahoman's Prospect of the Year award. His rise up the ranks of boxing was cemented with a first round knockout of fellow undefeated fighter, George Colbert, in a bout for the Oklahoma State Lightweight Championship on November 24, 2008, in a highly contentious atmosphere at Remington Park in Oklahoma City. Before the bout with Colbert, Zuhdi observed, "It was the best atmosphere yet. You had my fans and his fans going back and forth." Zuhdi would win the Oklahoma State Lightweight Championship with the victory.
Following his championship victory, Zuhdi won his next four fights, amassing a 9-0 record at the time. All of those wins would come by knockout. He would lose to Reymundo Hernandez in his 10th professional fight before bouncing back with five straight victories and joining with veteran trainer Dickie Wood. He proceeded to get his 15th victory over Richard Flores by unanimous decision, setting himself up for a WBU Lightweight Championship bout with German Jurado.
WBU Lightweight Championship reign (2012-2014)
On September 20, 2012, at the Cox Convention Center in Oklahoma City, Zuhdi fought a spirited battle against Jurado for 12 rounds, ultimately earning a unanimous decision and winning the WBU Lightweight Championship. While it was an action-packed fight, Zuhdi never trailed in the bout, established dominance by the end of the seventh round, and won on the judges' scorecards by margins of 117-111, 116-112, and 116-112. Zuhdi said afterward, "You want to be in fights that people will remember forever. No matter what else happens, this is why I got into boxing[...]I wanted this fight. I wanted to fight the best. You want to go toe-to-toe. This is why I sacrificed what I sacrificed.”
Zuhdi's first defense of his lightweight championship came against Gyula Vajda, a dangerous national champion from Hungary, on August 24, 2013. Taking place in front of a sold-out crowd at the Lucky Star Casino in Concho, Oklahoma, the hard-hitting affair was brief but explosive. Significant shots were landed by both fighters in the first round with Zuhdi scoring a knockdown over Vajda. In the second round, Zuhdi knocked Vajda down again with a devastating barrage started by an overhand right, this second knockdown putting Vajda down for good. In a post-fight interview, Zuhdi stated, "I knew I had to do something quick in the second because I could see his demeanor change after the first knockdown. It was a great win. I give my opponent a lot of credit–he hit hard, he stayed in there, and he fought to get up (after getting knocked down). I’m happy with the result, but I’m looking forward to what’s next.”
The second defense of Zuhdi's championship occurred at the OKC Downtown Airpark in Oklahoma City on June 6, 2014. He would face off with Eduardo Pereira Dos Reis, a crafty fighter with only one loss on his record at the time of the fight. While previous fights had shown Zuhdi gutting out a fight and using his power to secure victories, this fight relied on strategy and patience. With each passing round, Zuhdi would fare significantly better, leading to combinations, infighting, and eventually injuring Reis's ribs until he did not answer the bell and come out for the fifth round. After the bout, Zuhdi said, "I started out slow at first, but I was studying him. I felt I was significantly stronger and could break him down as the fight progressed[...] I was thrilled at the end, knowing that his will had been broken. I'm now 3-0 in title fights. I'm proving that I'm continually progressing against a level of competition that is increasingly higher.”
Zuhdi would not lose his WBU Lightweight Championship in the ring and would walk away quietly from boxing to pursue various business ventures. His gloves from his first championship bout were collected and recorded by the Oklahoma History Center. His career accomplishments were featured in Bob Burke's Uniquely Oklahoma history book. His professional boxing record stands at 18-1, 1 NC (14 KOs).
Entrepreneurship
In addition to attaining and owning various real estate holdings, Zuhdi joined Charles Dowlearn in 2017 as co-owners and founders of Oklahoma Foundation Solutions, LLC, a foundation repair company based in Oklahoma City. To the present day, the growing company has earned multiple service awards from Angi (formerly Angie's List) and Home Advisor.
Professional boxing record
Noah Zuhdi's 20-bout professional boxing record to date:
References
External links
Official website
American boxers
1983 births
Living people |
Si Chiang Mai (, ) is a district (amphoe) in the western part of Nong Khai province, northeastern Thailand. It may also be spelled Sri Chiang Mai.
History
Si Chiang Mai district was established by King Setthathirath of Lan Xang Kingdom. It was named after Chiang Mai, the hometown of his grandmother, the former queen of Chiang Mai (his mother was the princess from Lan Na). It was created as a district of Nong Khai Province on 4 August 1958, when it was split off from Tha Bo district.
Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the southeast clockwise): Tha Bo, Pho Tak, and Sangkhom of Nong Khai Province. To the north across the Mekong river is the Lao province Vientiane Prefecture. A basalt plateau is flanked by the Mekong River to the north.
Administration
Central administration
Si Chiang Mai is divided into four sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 43 administrative villages (mubans).
Missing number is a tambon which now forms Pho Tak District.
Local administration
There are two sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambons) in the district:
Si Chiang Mai (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Phan Phrao.
Nong Pla Pak (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Nong Pla Pak.
There are three sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
Phan Phrao (Thai: ) consisting of parts of sub-district Phan Phrao.
Ban Mo (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Ban Mo.
Phra Phutthabat (Thai: ) consisting of sub-district Phra Phutthabat.
References
External links
amphoe.com on Si Chiang Mai
Si Chiang Mai |
Mark Erickson may refer to:
Mark Erickson, member of the band Fog (band)
Mark H. Erickson, president of Wittenberg University, 2005–2012 |
Camille Maurane (November 29, 1911 – January 21, 2010), born Camille Moreau, was a French baryton-martin singer. His father was a music teacher and he started singing as a child in the Maîtrise Saint-Evode in Rouen. The sudden death of his mother and family upheaval meant a break of twelve years in regular singing.
He studied at the Paris Conservatoire in the class of Claire Croiza from 1936 to 1939. He began his professional career as a singer in 1940 at the Opéra-Comique in Paris. After his debut as the Moine musicien in Le Jongleur de Notre-Dame on 14 January 1940, he went to create the following roles at the Opéra-Comique:
the captain (Nèle Dooryn, 1940)
Doria (Ginevra, 1942)
a man, a peasant (Mon Oncle Benjamin, 1942)
a young man (Le Oui des Jeunes Filles, 1949).
Un Soldat (Dolorès, 1952)
He also sang in The Barber of Seville, La Basoche, Carmen, Lakmé, Louise, Madame Bovary, Madame Butterfly, Werther, Pelléas et Mélisande and oratorios like La Chanson du mal-aimé. He was occasionally billed under the name Moreau.
His voice was typical of the baryton-martin range (between baritone and tenor). He is famous for his interpretation of Debussy's Pelléas, for which he took part in three complete recordings of Pelléas et Mélisande. He is also regarded as one of the best interpreters of French mélodies, of which he left many recordings, since reissued on CD, and of Fauré's Requiem. His repertoire extended back to music of Rameau through to Arthur Honegger, Léo Ferré and other contemporaries.
A dedicated teacher, he taught at the Paris Conservatory until 1981.
References
External links
Camille Maurane, baryton français (Wikipedia France, with discography)
1911 births
2010 deaths
Musicians from Rouen
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
20th-century French male singers
French operatic baritones |
```python
import itertools
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Set, Tuple
from torch.distributed._tensor._op_schema import OpStrategy, PlacementStrategy
from torch.distributed._tensor.placement_types import (
DTensorSpec,
Partial,
Placement,
Replicate,
Shard,
)
from torch.distributed.device_mesh import DeviceMesh
@dataclass
class EinsumDims:
contracting_dims: List[str]
batch_dims: List[str]
lhs_out_only_dims: List[str]
rhs_out_only_dims: List[str]
@classmethod
def parse_equation(cls, equation: str) -> Tuple[List[str], str]:
# parse einop equation and extract arg specs
"""
Parse the einsum equation str to input dim chars and output dim char
"""
inputs, outputs = equation.split("->")
input_dims, output_dims = inputs.split(","), outputs.split(",")
# NOTE: only support at most two inputs, and single output
# extend to support more inputs if needed in future
assert len(input_dims) <= 2, "Only support at most two inputs"
assert len(output_dims) == 1, "Only support single output"
output_dim = output_dims[0]
return input_dims, output_dim
@classmethod
def parse_dims(cls, input_dims: List[str], output_dim: str) -> "EinsumDims":
"""
Parse the dims and extract the contracting, batch, and free dimensions
for the left and right hand sides.
"""
dim_char_set: Set[str] = set()
for input_dim in input_dims:
dim_char_set.update(input_dim)
# get a determinisitc order of all dim chars
all_dim_chars = sorted(dim_char_set)
# parse input and output dimensions
lhs_out_only_dims, rhs_out_only_dims = [], []
batch_dims, contracting_dims = [], []
for dim_char in all_dim_chars:
if dim_char not in output_dim:
contracting_dims.append(dim_char)
else:
is_batch_dim = True
for input_dim in input_dims:
is_batch_dim = is_batch_dim and dim_char in input_dim
if is_batch_dim:
batch_dims.append(dim_char)
else:
assert (
len(input_dims) == 2
), "free dimension only supported for two inputs!"
lhs, rhs = input_dims
if dim_char in lhs:
lhs_out_only_dims.append(dim_char)
elif dim_char in rhs:
rhs_out_only_dims.append(dim_char)
else:
raise RuntimeError("Invalid dimension character")
return cls(
contracting_dims=contracting_dims,
batch_dims=batch_dims,
lhs_out_only_dims=lhs_out_only_dims,
rhs_out_only_dims=rhs_out_only_dims,
)
def gen_einsum_strategies(
equation: str,
mesh: DeviceMesh,
*,
linearity: bool = False,
) -> OpStrategy:
"""
Generate a strategy list for the ops that follow einsum style notation.
"""
# parse einop equation and extract dims
input_dims, output_dim = EinsumDims.parse_equation(equation)
edims = EinsumDims.parse_dims(input_dims, output_dim)
all_mesh_dim_strategies = []
# generate strategies for each mesh dim
for mesh_dim in range(mesh.ndim):
mesh_dim_strategies = []
# placement list stores placements of [output, input1, input2, ...]
# first we always have replicate all for inputs and output
placement_list: List[Placement] = [Replicate()] * (len(input_dims) + 1)
mesh_dim_strategies.append(placement_list)
if mesh.size(mesh_dim) <= 1:
# only replicate strategy for mesh dim with size 1
# TODO: see if this is valid for the submesh case
continue
# split batch dim
for batch_dim in edims.batch_dims:
output_batch_dim = output_dim.index(batch_dim)
placement_list = [Shard(output_batch_dim)]
for input_dim in input_dims:
input_batch_dim = input_dim.index(batch_dim)
placement_list.append(Shard(input_batch_dim))
mesh_dim_strategies.append(placement_list)
# split contracting dim
for contracting_dim in edims.contracting_dims:
placement_list = [Partial()]
for input_dim in input_dims:
input_contracting_dim = input_dim.index(contracting_dim)
placement_list.append(Shard(input_contracting_dim))
mesh_dim_strategies.append(placement_list)
# split lhs free dim
for lhs_dim in edims.lhs_out_only_dims:
lhs_free_dim = output_dim.index(lhs_dim)
# this means split the lhs input and output
# i.e. S(0), R -> S(0)
lhs_placement_list: List[Placement] = [
Shard(lhs_free_dim),
Shard(lhs_free_dim),
Replicate(),
]
mesh_dim_strategies.append(lhs_placement_list)
# split rhs free dim
for rhs_dim in edims.rhs_out_only_dims:
rhs_free_dim = output_dim.index(rhs_dim)
rhs_placement_list: List[Placement] = [
Shard(rhs_free_dim),
Replicate(),
Shard(rhs_free_dim),
]
mesh_dim_strategies.append(rhs_placement_list)
# linearity strategy
if linearity:
linearity_placement_list: List[Placement] = [Partial()]
for input_dim in input_dims:
linearity_placement_list.append(Partial())
mesh_dim_strategies.append(linearity_placement_list)
all_mesh_dim_strategies.append(mesh_dim_strategies)
# generate strategies for entire mesh
strategy_combs = itertools.product(*all_mesh_dim_strategies)
# TODO: filter out invalid strategies, at this point we generate
# all possible strategies without considering the whether the tensor
# dim could be sharded or not, we would need to filter out invalid
# strategies base on the actual tensor shape
# (i.e. for Shard, tensor dim size must > mesh size)
all_strategies = []
for strategy_comb in strategy_combs:
spec_list = []
for specs in zip(*strategy_comb):
spec_list.append(DTensorSpec(mesh, tuple(specs)))
strat = PlacementStrategy(output_specs=spec_list[0], input_specs=spec_list[1:])
all_strategies.append(strat)
return OpStrategy(all_strategies)
``` |
E-CL is a Chilean utility company based in Santiago and formerly known as Empresa Electrica Del Norte Grande or Edelnor. The company, which changed its name in 2010, was founded in 1981 with contributions from the Empresa Nacional de Electricidad SA (Endesa) and the Corporacion de Fomento de la Produccion (CORFO).
The company's activities comprise the production, transportation and distribution of electric energy and natural gas; the purchase, sale and transportation of liquid, solid and gaseous fuels; as well as the provision of engineering consulting services. The company's products and services are principally oriented towards the mining companies and other industries operating in the north of Chile.
The company is a subsidiary of French company Engie and its main competitors are Colbún, AES Andes and Chilectra.
See also
Chapiquiña power plant
References
Energy companies established in 1981
Electric power companies of Chile
1981 establishments in Chile
Companies listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange |
Philip O'Donoghue (1896–1987) was an Irish jurist who served on the European Commission of Human Rights (1965–1971) and European Court of Human Rights (1971–1980). He also was a member of the Irish Commission on the Status of Women in 1970.
References
Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
20th-century Irish judges
1896 births
1987 deaths
Members of the European Commission of Human Rights
Irish judges of international courts and tribunals |
FC Gorki is a Belarusian football club based in Gorki, Mogilev Oblast.
History
FC Gorki played in the Belarusian Second League for three seasons (from 2004 till 2006). Before and after this period, they have been playing in the Mogilev Oblast league.
The club won the Mogilev Oblast league three times (2012, 2013, 2015) and qualified several times for the early stages of the Belarusian Cup in recent seasons.
Current squad
As of October 2022
References
External links
Profile at footballfacts.ru
Football clubs in Belarus
Mogilev Region
Association football clubs established in 2003
2003 establishments in Belarus |
The Best American Poetry 2001, a volume in The Best American Poetry series, was edited by David Lehman and by guest editor Robert Hass.
Background
In his introduction, Hass wrote, "There are roughly three traditions in American poetry at this point: a metrical tradition that can be very nervy and that is also basically classical in impulse; a strong central tradition of free verse made out of both romanticism and modernism, split between the impulses of an inward and psychological writing and an outward and realist one, at its best fusing the two; and an experimental tradition that is usually more passionate about form than content, perception than emotion, restless with the conventions of the art, skeptical about the political underpinnings of current practice, and intent on inventing a new one, or at least undermining what seems repressive in the current formed style. [...] At the moment there are poets doing good, bad, and indifferent work in all these ranges."
Speaking of the selection process for his editorship, Hass observed that he received "boxes...[of] xeroxes and notations of the indefatigable David Lehman....I had marked for rereading a couple of hundred poems [myself] and I had David's sometimes overlapping lists..." .
Maureen McLane, in a book review in The Chicago Tribune, said of Hass' description that "it's hard to imagine a more judicious account of major tendencies."
"While many charming, witty poems have made it into this anthology, there are plenty of others that would seem to evade not only the perils of being charming but indeed the strictures of being a poem, conventionally understood," McLane wrote. She found the selections by Joshua Clover Thomas Sayers Ellis, Cal Bedient, Robert Bly, Michael Burkard and Claudia Rankine confusing (but not necessarily bad poems for that reason), and praised the work by Brenda Hillman, Louise Glück, Alan Feldman, Bernard Welt, Joshua Clover, Thomas Sayers Ellis, Fanny Howe, Michael Palmer, Lydia Davis, Rachel Rose, David Kirby, Jewelle Gomez, Noelle Kocot and Grace Paley.
Hass also included newly published work by the late Elizabeth Bishop and James Schuyler. Schuyler's poem was discovered by David Lehman in May 1994 in John Ashbery's archive at Harvard's Houghton Library and appeared six years later in "The New Yorker". One of the poems Hass chose for the volume was by his wife, Brenda Hillman.
Poets and poems included
See also
2001 in poetry
Notes
External links
Web page for contents of the book, with links to each publication where the poems originally appeared
"The Best I Can Do This Year: Lehman's "Best American Poetry 2001" by Joan Houlihan
Best American Poetry 2001, The
Best American Poetry 2001, The
Poetry
American poetry anthologies |
International Aging Research Portfolio (IARP) is a non-profit, open-access knowledge management system incorporating grants, publications, conferences in natural and social & behavioral sciences. In addition to the advanced search and visual trend analysis tools the system includes a directory of research projects classified into categories related to aging research. The system uses automatic classification algorithms with elements of machine learning to assign research projects to the relevant categories. The directory is curated by many expert category editors and science advisory board members. The chair of the science advisory board is Dr. Charles Cantor.
Background
Aging research is a multidisciplinary field spanning many areas of natural and social and behavioral sciences and the research data is widely dispersed. Popular resources like PubMed and Google Scholar provide access to historic as well as most recent scientific abstracts and full text publications. However, few resources exist that incorporate international databases of the scientific publications, scientific grant abstracts and clinical trials databases.
Grant abstracts are usually published by the funding organizations and precede publications in peer-reviewed literature. Some of the experiments described in grant abstracts fail or do not result in peer-reviewed publications. To prevent redundancy and promote scientific cooperation it is important to browse through all available grant information worldwide to see if there are similar projects being funded.
The IARP database integrates information on research grants, peer-reviewed publications, and issued patent applications from multiple sources. Additionally, the database uses flexible project classification mechanisms and tools for analyzing project associations and trends. This system enables scientists to search the centralized project database, to classify and categorize aging projects, and to analyze the funding aspects across multiple research disciplines. The IARP is designed to provide improved allocation and prioritization of scarce research funding, to reduce project overlap and improve scientific collaboration thereby accelerating scientific and medical progress in a rapidly growing area of research.
The IARP system aggregates grant data from many sources including the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), European Commission (EC), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, US National Science Foundation, Australian National Health and Medical Health Council and publication abstract data through a license of MEDLINE database. The database is searchable and the results can be presented as charts and graphs for trends analysis. One of the main features of the IARP system is automatic and manual classification of the research projects into a structured directory. The IARP science advisory board and volunteer expert category editors classify the projects from the database into relevant categories. These manually classified projects become training sets for the automatic classification algorithms with elements of machine learning.
The IARP system is highly modular and portable and may be used as a platform for developing other knowledge management systems for aging research.
Content
The International Aging Research Portfolio (IARP) includes historic grant data from the National Institutes of Health(NIH), European Commission(EC), NSF, Canadian and Australian research councils and many other sources. It also contains MEDLINE article abstracts under a license from the National Library of Medicine.
The IARP volunteer development team works directly with the publication offices and regularly updates the database either automatically or by parsing the data mailed on physical medium.
Characteristics
Simple searches
Simple searches on IARP can be carried out by entering key aspects of a subject into search window.
IARP translates this initial search formulation and automatically adds field names, Boolean operators, and enhancing the search formulation significantly, in particular by routinely combining (using the OR operator) text words.
'Programmed Theory Aging'
is translated as
("Programmed" OR "Theory" OR "Aging")
Advanced searches
Advanced Project Search allows users to limit their search criteria, ranging from the date of creation and research and funding mechanism to specific projects. In addition to the description, each research project contains specific information about the funding organization, recipient organization and the Principal Investigator(s). Moreover, it links the current project with other similar projects and financial mechanisms.
To use the advanced search features effectively, the user must poses some knowledge of the research area and use relevant and specific keywords and limits. The form allows users to specify multiple values for accurate data retrieval.
[Keywords]. Users can use Boolean operators and Mask for finding information in project description and title fields.
Search query examples:
'nerv*'
'stem AND cell NOT embryonic'
'accumulation amyloid alzheimers'
[Research Areas]. Users can limit their searches by selecting desired research areas from the category tree.
[Theories Of Aging]. Users can select multiple values from a list of Theories Of Aging.
In addition, users can limit their search by:
Fiscal Years, Project Number, Principal Investigators, Project Start and End dates, Recipient and Funding Organizations, Funding type.
Trends and Tools
Trends Analysis Chart & Tools is a collection of tools for visualizing the project data as diagrams, charts and comparative tables. The interface allows users to create two-dimensional charts comparing research funding by year, institution, university, principal investigator, region and category.
Summary statistics
Representing a comprehensive analysis of data stored in the system (useful for understanding the content of the database by total number of projects). Displays the current state of the database is stored on publications and projects in detail : total, classified, classified manually, classified as aging, unclassified. Displays the top 50 active, completed projects by total funding, the top countries, US states, investigators, funding bodies and recipient organizations, also by total funding.
Other Tools
The system also incorporates tools like the Grant Matchmaker, Who is Who and Funding Organizations and Biotechnology Events and Webcasts that are currently in various stages of development. The intent of these tools is to provide the research community with the ability to identify organizations funding similar research projects, identify possible collaborators and find conference relevant to their research interests.
Data Classification
Automatic Project Classification
Automatic project classification is used to identify projects related to aging research within the large data sets and to classify projects into relevant semantic groups. The system utilizes two classification algorithms with elements of machine learning: Support Vector Machine SVM and Recurrent-Neural-Network-Based Boolean Factor Analysis (BFA).
Since 2014 the SVM algorithm was modified to facilitate for multilabel classification of incompletely-labelled data sets where few labels assigned by the IARP experts are present. This allowed for improved classification accuracy.
Manual Project Classification
As current automatic classification algorithms are limited and require each category to have relatively large training sets, the system relies heavily on manual classification by expert category editors. The SAB and Category Editor administrative interface enables SAB members, institute directors and laboratory heads to curate the top-level categories and delegate the management of lower-level categories to graduate students.
Linking Related Grants and Publications
IARP has the ability to automatically identify related and similar projects in database using an algorithm analysis of project abstracts, patents, and publications. This type of advanced project analysis will potentially aid in circumventing project overlap and redundant funding of similar programs while also highlighting knowledge gaps for potential funding.
Other Resources Using IARP Database
The FundingTrends project allows for a simple keyword search of millions of biomedical projects supported by major research funding organizations worldwide. It then draws the amount of funding for each year for the projects containing the keywords.
The Aging.CC project allows for a simple keyword search of millions of biomedical projects supported by major research funding organizations worldwide.
Reviews
The International Aging Research Portfolio was reviewed by the editorial of the Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (GEN) and received a three star rating.
See also
List of academic databases and search engines
Community Research & Development Information Service
Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects
Australian Research Council
National Research Council (Canada)
References
External links
The International Aging Research Portfolio Website
European Commission CORDIS Press Release
IARP Video Tutorials
IARP Professional Discussion Forum
Aging.CC
FundingTrends
1
Online databases
Biological databases
Medical search engines
Ageing |
Diana Adamyan (born 2000) is an Armenian violinist who won the first prize in the Senior Division of the Menuhin International Competition in 2018. In 2020, she also won the Khachaturian Violin Competition which was held online due the COVID-19 pandemic.
Laureate of the CIS International Award «Commonwealth of Debuts» in 2018.
She won the Menuhin Competition playing a violin made by Urs Mächler in 1990, nowadays she has a Gagliano made in 1760, given from Henri Moerel Foundation.
References
External links
Diana Adamyan - Armenian National Music
2000 births
Living people
Armenian classical violinists
Women classical violinists
Armenian women violinists
21st-century classical violinists
21st-century Armenian women musicians |
Graves Art Gallery is an art gallery in Sheffield, England. The gallery is located above the Central Library in Sheffield city centre. It houses permanent displays from the city’s historic and contemporary collection of British and European art along with a programme of temporary exhibitions.
The collection encapsulates the story of the development of art. The main trends and movements are traced through works by many artists, from J. M. W. Turner, Alfred Sisley and Sir Stanley Spencer, to Helen Chadwick, Marc Quinn and Bridget Riley. The gallery is managed by Museums Sheffield.
History
The Graves Art Gallery was built with the support of businessman John George Graves, who made his fortune out of one of the country’s earliest mail order businesses. Graves also gifted his art collection of almost 700 paintings, much of which can still be seen today. Other benefactors include John Newton Mappin, of Mappin and Webb.
The Central Library and Graves Gallery (on its 3rd floor) was opened in July 1934 dedicated to ‘the service of knowledge and art’. It was a state of the art facility fitted with ‘heating…by invisible panel system’, ‘artificial ventilation’, ‘synchronised electric clocks’ and five lifts.
The gallery's first director was John Rothenstein, who became director of the Tate Gallery. The painter, George Hamilton Constantine followed from 1938 until the 1950s. Rothenstein and Constantine were key figures in broadening the 20th-century British collection that Graves had begun. The search for individual pieces of outstanding significance and quality characterised their vision, with works by Walter Sickert, Harold Gilman, Gwen John, C. R. W. Nevinson, Jacob Epstein, Stanley Spencer, William Roberts, Paul Nash, Christopher Wood, David Bomberg, L. S. Lowry, John Minton, Henry Moore, Keith Vaughan, Prunella Clough and Frank Auerbach purchased for the city.
During the late 1980s acquisitions all but ceased due to financial constraints. Museums Sheffield revived acquisitions in 1999 with the support of the Contemporary Art Society, the Heritage Lottery Fund, the National Art Collections Fund and private benefactors. In recent years renewed enthusiasm for and commitment to contemporary art has enabled the purchase of significant contemporary art works such as Marc Quinn’s Kiss and Sam Taylor-Wood’s Self-Portrait Suspended VII with support from J.G. Graves Charitable Trust, the Art Fund and the V&A Purchase Grant Fund.
In 2009 the gallery was refurbished and re-hung based around key themes. Significant recent temporary exhibitions include The Blk Art Group and Andy Warhol: Late Self-Portraits.
Exhibitions
2012
11 April – 1 December 2012
Andy Warhol-Late Self-Portraits
2011
27 August 2011 – 24 March 2012
The Blk Art Group
31 March – 13 August 2011
The Triumph of Maximillian
2010
21 July 2010 – 19 March 2011
Paul Nash and Fay Godwin
17 April – 3 July 2010
'Writers of Influence: Shakespeare to J. K. Rowling' from the National Portrait Gallery Collection
2009
19 December 2009 – 27 March 2010
'Robert Mapplethorpe' – as part of ARTIST ROOMS on Tour with The Art Fund
21 November 2009 – 20 March 2010
'Comedians: 1940 to Now' – Photographs from the National Portrait Gallery Collection
16 September – 5 December 2009
'A Picture of Us?'
4 April – 7 November 2009
'Hogarth: Industry and Idleness'
4 April – 7 November 2009
'Graves Gallery 75th Anniversary'
20 May – 29 August 2009
'Moore, Hepworth, Nicholson: A Nest of Gentle Artists'
18 February – 2 May 2009
'A Picture of You?'
10 January – 21 March 2009
'Family Album'
2008
10 November 2008 – 14 March 2009
'Tate Visual Dialogues'
12 April 2008 – 31 January 2009
'The Grice Ivories'
6 March – 31 May 2008
'The Diary Room: Characters from the 17th Century'
19 January – 29 March 2008
'Hidden Narratives'
2007
21 September 2007 – 6 January 2008
'Where Are We?: Questions of Landscape'
7 July 2007 – 18 October 2008
'Breaking with Tradition'
16 June – 8 September 2007
'Pre-Raphaelite Drawings'
31 March – 16 June 2007
'We the Moderns'
10 March – 3 June 2007
'Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: an Extraordinary 18th Century Woman'
2006
1 December 2006 – 10 March 2007
'Angus McBean'
24 November 2006 – 25 February 2007
'Richard Long'
References
External links
Official Website
Art museums and galleries in Sheffield
Buildings and structures in Sheffield
Contemporary art galleries in the United Kingdom
Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust
Museums in Sheffield
Tourist attractions in Sheffield
Art museums established in 1934
1934 establishments in England |
```java
package com.mxgraph.online;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
//This servlet is an interface between draw.io and CloudConverter.
//For EMF files, it detect its size and resize the huge images such that max dimension is MAX_DIM
public class ConverterServlet extends HttpServlet
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5084595244442555865L;
private static final Logger log = Logger
.getLogger(HttpServlet.class.getName());
private static final int MAX_DIM = 5000;
private static final int MAX_FILE_SIZE = 50 * 1024 * 1024; // 50 MB
private static final double EMF_10thMM2PXL = 26.458;
private static final String API_KEY_FILE_PATH = "/WEB-INF/cloud_convert_api_key"; // Not migrated to new pattern, since will not be used on diagrams.net
private static final String CONVERT_SERVICE_URL = "path_to_url";
private static final String CRLF = "\r\n";
private static final String TWO_HYPHENS = "--";
private static final String BOUNDARY = "----WebKitFormBoundary6XTanBMjO0kFwa3p"; //FIXME The boundary should not occur inside the file, it is very unlikely but still a possibility
private static String API_KEY = null;
private void readApiKey()
{
if (API_KEY == null)
{
try
{
API_KEY = Utils
.readInputStream(getServletContext()
.getResourceAsStream(API_KEY_FILE_PATH))
.replaceAll("\n", "");
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("Invalid API key file/path");
}
}
}
//Little-endian
private int fromByteArray(byte[] bytes, int start)
{
return ((bytes[start + 3] & 0xFF) << 24) |
((bytes[start + 2] & 0xFF) << 16) |
((bytes[start + 1] & 0xFF) << 8 ) |
((bytes[start] & 0xFF) << 0 );
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
{
readApiKey();
String inputformat = null, outputformat = null, fileName = null;
InputStream fileContent = null;
try
{
List<FileItem> items = new ServletFileUpload(new DiskFileItemFactory()).parseRequest(request);
for (FileItem item : items)
{
if (item.isFormField())
{
String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
if ("inputformat".equals(fieldName))
{
inputformat = item.getString();
}
else if ("outputformat".equals(fieldName))
{
outputformat = item.getString();
}
}
else
{
//We expect only one file
Path file = Paths.get(item.getName());
fileName = file.getFileName().toString();
fileContent = item.getInputStream();
}
}
}
catch (FileUploadException e)
{
throw new ServletException("Cannot parse multipart request.", e);
}
if (inputformat == null || outputformat == null || fileContent == null)
{
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST);
}
else
{
HttpURLConnection con = null;
try
{
URL obj = new URL(CONVERT_SERVICE_URL);
con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
con.setUseCaches(false);
con.setDoOutput(true);
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
con.setRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);
DataOutputStream postRequest = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
byte[] data = new byte[10240]; //10 KB buffer
int bytesRead = fileContent.read(data);
int w = 0, h = 0, dpi = 96;
if (inputformat.equals("emf") && bytesRead >= 40)
{
//Read Frame from EMF header (the rectangular inclusive-inclusive dimensions, in .01 millimeter units,
// of a rectangle that surrounds the image stored in the metafile.)
int x0 = fromByteArray(data, 24);
int y0 = fromByteArray(data, 28);
int x1 = fromByteArray(data, 32);
int y1 = fromByteArray(data, 36);
//Approximate dimensions of the image
w = (int) ((x1 - x0) / EMF_10thMM2PXL);
h = (int) ((y1 - y0) / EMF_10thMM2PXL);
}
if (w > MAX_DIM || h > MAX_DIM)
{
dpi = (int) (dpi * Math.min(MAX_DIM / (double) w, MAX_DIM / (double) h));
if (dpi == 0)
{
dpi = 1;
}
}
addParameter("apikey", API_KEY, postRequest);
addParameter("inputformat", inputformat, postRequest);
addParameter("outputformat", outputformat, postRequest);
addParameter("input", "upload", postRequest);
addParameter("wait", "true", postRequest);
addParameter("download", "true", postRequest);
if (dpi != 96)
{
addParameter("converteroptions[density]", Integer.toString(dpi), postRequest);
}
addParameterHeader("file", fileName, postRequest);
int total = 0;
while(bytesRead != -1)
{
postRequest.write(data, 0, bytesRead);
bytesRead = fileContent.read(data);
total += bytesRead;
if (total > Utils.MAX_SIZE)
{
postRequest.close();
throw new Exception("File size exceeds the maximum allowed size of " + MAX_FILE_SIZE + " bytes.");
}
}
postRequest.writeBytes(CRLF + TWO_HYPHENS + BOUNDARY + TWO_HYPHENS + CRLF);
postRequest.flush();
postRequest.close();
InputStream in = con.getInputStream();
response.setStatus(con.getResponseCode());
String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
if ("png".equals(outputformat))
{
contentType = "image/png";
}
else if ("jpg".equals(outputformat))
{
contentType = "image/jpeg";
}
response.setHeader("Content-Type", contentType);
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
bytesRead = in.read(data);
try
{
URI uri = new URI(request.getHeader("referer"));
String domain = uri.getHost();
log.log(Level.CONFIG, "EMF-CONVERT, domain: " + domain + " ,Filename: " +
fileName != null ? fileName : "" + ", size: " + bytesRead);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
while(bytesRead != -1)
{
out.write(data, 0, bytesRead);
bytesRead = in.read(data);
}
in.close();
out.flush();
out.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
if (con != null)
{
try
{
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(con.getErrorStream()));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null)
{
System.err.println(inputLine);
}
in.close();
}
catch (Exception e2)
{
// Ignore
}
}
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
}
private void addParameter(String name, String val, DataOutputStream postRequest) throws IOException {
addParameterHeader(name, null, postRequest);
postRequest.writeBytes(val);
postRequest.writeBytes(CRLF);
}
private void addParameterHeader(String name, String fileName, DataOutputStream postRequest) throws IOException {
postRequest.writeBytes(TWO_HYPHENS + BOUNDARY + CRLF);
postRequest.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"" +
(fileName != null? "; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"" + CRLF + "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" : "") + CRLF);
postRequest.writeBytes(CRLF);
}
}
``` |
```javascript
const { render } = require('@govuk-frontend/helpers/nunjucks')
const { getExamples } = require('@govuk-frontend/lib/components')
describe('Pagination', () => {
let examples
beforeAll(async () => {
examples = await getExamples('pagination')
})
describe('default examples', () => {
it('renders the correct URLs for each link', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples.default)
const $previous = $('.govuk-pagination__prev .govuk-pagination__link')
const $next = $('.govuk-pagination__next .govuk-pagination__link')
const $firstNumber = $(
'.govuk-pagination__item:first-child .govuk-pagination__link'
)
const $secondNumber = $(
'.govuk-pagination__item:nth-child(2) .govuk-pagination__link'
)
const $thirdNumber = $(
'.govuk-pagination__item:last-child .govuk-pagination__link'
)
expect($previous.attr('href')).toBe('/previous')
expect($next.attr('href')).toBe('/next')
expect($firstNumber.attr('href')).toBe('/page/1')
expect($secondNumber.attr('href')).toBe('/page/2')
expect($thirdNumber.attr('href')).toBe('/page/3')
})
it('renders the correct number within each pagination item', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples.default)
const $firstNumber = $('.govuk-pagination__item:first-child')
const $secondNumber = $('.govuk-pagination__item:nth-child(2)')
const $thirdNumber = $('.govuk-pagination__item:last-child')
expect($firstNumber.text().trim()).toBe('1')
expect($secondNumber.text().trim()).toBe('2')
expect($thirdNumber.text().trim()).toBe('3')
})
// The current item is marked up with a visually hidden span and an aria-hidden span side by side
// Instead of the aria-label solution used for the links in the pagination because of issues caused
// by aria-label on non-interactive elements like li's
it('marks up the current item correctly', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples.default)
const $currentNumber = $('.govuk-pagination__item--current')
const $currentNumberLink = $currentNumber.find('.govuk-pagination__link')
expect($currentNumberLink.attr('aria-current')).toBe('page')
})
it('marks up pagination items as ellipses when specified', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples['with many pages'])
const $firstEllipsis = $(
'.govuk-pagination__item:nth-child(2).govuk-pagination__item--ellipses'
)
expect($firstEllipsis).toBeTruthy()
// Test for the unicode character of ⋯
expect($firstEllipsis.text().trim()).toBe('\u22ef')
})
})
describe('with custom text, labels and landmarks', () => {
it('renders a custom navigation landmark', () => {
const $ = render(
'pagination',
examples['with custom navigation landmark']
)
const $nav = $('.govuk-pagination')
expect($nav.attr('aria-label')).toBe('search')
})
it('renders custom pagination item and prev/next link text', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples['with custom link and item text'])
const $previous = $('.govuk-pagination__prev')
const $next = $('.govuk-pagination__next')
const $firstNumber = $('.govuk-pagination__item:first-child')
const $secondNumber = $('.govuk-pagination__item:nth-child(2)')
const $thirdNumber = $('.govuk-pagination__item:last-child')
expect($previous.text().trim()).toBe('Previous page')
expect($next.text().trim()).toBe('Next page')
expect($firstNumber.text().trim()).toBe('one')
expect($secondNumber.text().trim()).toBe('two')
expect($thirdNumber.text().trim()).toBe('three')
})
it('renders custom accessible labels for pagination items', () => {
const $ = render(
'pagination',
examples['with custom accessible labels on item links']
)
const $firstNumber = $(
'.govuk-pagination__item:first-child .govuk-pagination__link'
)
const $secondNumber = $(
'.govuk-pagination__item:nth-child(2) .govuk-pagination__link'
)
const $thirdNumber = $(
'.govuk-pagination__item:last-child .govuk-pagination__link'
)
expect($firstNumber.attr('aria-label')).toBe('1st page')
expect($secondNumber.attr('aria-label')).toBe(
'2nd page (you are currently on this page)'
)
expect($thirdNumber.attr('aria-label')).toBe('3rd page')
})
})
describe('previous and next links', () => {
it('applies the correct rel attribute to each link so that they communicate to search engines the intent of the links', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples.default)
const $previous = $('.govuk-pagination__prev .govuk-pagination__link')
const $next = $('.govuk-pagination__next .govuk-pagination__link')
expect($previous.attr('rel')).toBe('prev')
expect($next.attr('rel')).toBe('next')
})
it('sets aria-hidden="true" to each link so that they are ignored by assistive technology', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples.default)
const $previousSvg = $('.govuk-pagination__icon--prev')
const $nextSvg = $('.govuk-pagination__icon--next')
expect($previousSvg.attr('aria-hidden')).toBe('true')
expect($nextSvg.attr('aria-hidden')).toBe('true')
})
it('sets focusable="false" so that IE does not treat it as an interactive element', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples.default)
const $previousSvg = $('.govuk-pagination__icon--prev')
const $nextSvg = $('.govuk-pagination__icon--next')
expect($previousSvg.attr('focusable')).toBe('false')
expect($nextSvg.attr('focusable')).toBe('false')
})
})
describe('prev/next only view', () => {
it('changes the display to prev/next only if no items are provided', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples['with prev and next only'])
const $blockNav = $('.govuk-pagination--block')
const $previous = $('.govuk-pagination__prev')
const $next = $('.govuk-pagination__next')
expect($blockNav).toBeTruthy()
expect($previous).toBeTruthy()
expect($next).toBeTruthy()
})
it('applies labels when provided', () => {
const $ = render(
'pagination',
examples['with prev and next only and labels']
)
const $prevLabel = $(
'.govuk-pagination__prev .govuk-pagination__link-label'
)
const $nextLabel = $(
'.govuk-pagination__next .govuk-pagination__link-label'
)
expect($prevLabel.text()).toBe('Paying VAT and duty')
expect($nextLabel.text()).toBe('Registering an imported vehicle')
})
// This is for when pagination is in block mode but there isn't a label
// We apply a decoration class and add a hover state to the main link text instead
// of the label so that there's a clear underline hover state on the link
it('adds the decoration class to the link title if no label is present', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples['with prev and next only'])
const $decoratedPreviousLinkTitle = $(
'.govuk-pagination__prev .govuk-pagination__link-title--decorated'
)
const $decoratedNextLinkTitle = $(
'.govuk-pagination__next .govuk-pagination__link-title--decorated'
)
expect($decoratedPreviousLinkTitle).toBeTruthy()
expect($decoratedNextLinkTitle).toBeTruthy()
})
})
describe('custom classes and attributes', () => {
it('renders with custom additional classes', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples['with custom classes'])
expect($('.govuk-pagination').hasClass('my-custom-class')).toBeTruthy()
})
it('renders with custom attributes', () => {
const $ = render('pagination', examples['with custom attributes'])
const $nav = $('.govuk-pagination')
expect($nav.attr('data-attribute-1')).toBe('value-1')
expect($nav.attr('data-attribute-2')).toBe('value-2')
})
})
})
``` |
Manuel "Manny" Buising (May 4, 1951 - May 18, 2020) was a multi-award winning playwright, fictionist and komiks writer. He studied at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila and graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Science in Education, Major in Filipino in 1972.
He was the official screenplay writer of Fernando Poe Jr. from 1990 until the actor died in 2005. In the same year, his work, "Niños Inocentes," which exposes how minors are used by pedophiles through cybersex or sex videos, often with the knowledge and consent of their own parents, won the teleplay category in Carlos Palanca Awards. He is no stranger to the Palanca awards, in fact, he was won numerous first place awards in various fields ranging from dramatic plays to short stories and even television plays. His previous accomplishments include first place in the 1988 for his short play "Tumbampreso" and another for his play "Kung Bakit may Nuno sa Punso" in the same year. In 1990, he won first prize for both his plays; "Patay-Bata" and "Lista sa Tubig". His other first prize winner is "P’wera Usog" during the 1989 awards. In all of his great works, he considered "Kung Bakit May Nuno sa Punso," which tackled the presence of American military bases in the country, his best work yet.
He also worked in the government specifically as a writer in the Department of Local and Government Community Development. He was also staff director of the National Secretariat of the Bagong Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran.
Some of his works have appeared in Liwayway and Pilipino Reporter.
See also
Lualhati Bautista
Edgardo M. Reyes
Paz Márquez-Benítez
References
1951 births
2020 deaths
Filipino writers
Palanca Award recipients
Writers from Manila
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila alumni
Tagalog-language writers
Filipino comics artists |
Héctor Acosta may refer to:
Héctor Acosta (cyclist) (1933–1973), Argentine Olympic cyclist
Héctor Acosta (footballer, born 1991), Mexican footballer
Héctor Acosta (footballer, born 2000), Venezuelan footballer
Héctor Acosta (singer) (born 1967), Dominican musician |
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