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Elsa Emilia Rantalainen (1901–1988) was a Finnish actress. She was most active as an actress between 1933 and 1951. From 1931 until 1941 she was married to Wäinö Aaltonen. In 1954, she was awarded the Pro Finlandia award. She was a member of and performer at the Raittiusyhdistys Koitto.
Works
1943, Katariina ja Munkkiniemen kreivi
1943, Tuomari Martta
References
External links
1901 births
1988 deaths
Actresses from Tampere
People from Häme Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
20th-century Finnish actresses
Recipients of the Order of the Lion of Finland |
Nadine Schön (born Nadine Müller, 5 June 1983 in Lebach, Saarland) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the German Parliament since 2009, representing the constituency of St. Wendel.
Political career
Career in state politics
Between 2004 and 2009, Schön served as a member of the Landtag of the Saarland, where she was the CDU parliamentary group's spokesperson on research and higher education.
Member of the German Parliament, 2009–present
Schön became a member of the German Bundestag in the 2009 federal elections. Between 2009 and 2013, she served on the Committee on Economic Affairs and Technology and the Committee on Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. In this capacity, she was her parliamentary group's rapporteur on gender equality and the validation of foreign studies and degrees.
In the negotiations to form a Grand Coalition of Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD) following the 2013 German elections, Schön was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on digital policy, led by Dorothee Bär and Brigitte Zypries. In 2014, she was appointed deputy chairperson of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in charge of digital policy as well as family affairs, senior citizens, women and youth.
Following the 2017 elections, Schön succeeded Peter Altmaier as chair of the Bundestag group of CDU parliamentarians from Saarland. In the negotiations to form another coalition government under Merkel, she was again part of the working group on digital policy, this time led by Bär, Helge Braun and Lars Klingbeil.
Together with Roland Heintze, Daniel Günther, Andreas Jung, David McAllister, Antje Tillmann and Oliver Wittke, Schön co-chaired the CDU’s 2018 national convention in Hamburg.
After having initially failed to get re-elected in the 2021 German federal election, Schön retained her seat after Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer resigned from the Bundestag two weeks after the election. Ahead of the Christian Democrats’ leadership election in 2022, Schön publicly endorsed Helge Braun to succeed Armin Laschet as the party’s chair and joined his campaign team.
Schön supported Markus Söder as the Christian Democrats' joint candidate to succeed Chancellor Angela Merkel in the 2021 national elections.
Other activities
Regulatory agencies
Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (BNetzA), Member of the Advisory Board
Non-profit organizations
Energy and Climate Policy and Innovation Council (EPICO), Member of the Advisory Board (since 2021)
German Foundation for Active Citizenship and Volunteering (DSEE), Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2020)
German Association for Public and Private Welfare, Member of the Central Committee (since 2017)
German Foundation for World Population (DSW), Member of the Parliamentary Advisory Board (–2021)
Stefan Morsch Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees
Europäische Akademie für Frauen in Politik und Wirtschaft Berlin, Member of the Board of Trustees
Political positions
In June 2017, Schön voted against her parliamentary group's majority and in favor of Germany's introduction of same-sex marriage.
In April 2020, Schön co-signed – alongside around 50 other members of her parliamentary group – a letter to President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen which called on the European Union to take in children who were living in migrant camps across Greece.
References
External links
Official website
1983 births
Living people
People from Lebach
Members of the Landtag of Saarland
Heidelberg University alumni
Members of the Bundestag for Saarland
Female members of the Bundestag
21st-century German women politicians
Members of the Bundestag 2021–2025
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017
Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013
Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
Ricardo Agustín Chopitea Trujillo (born 10 February 1999) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a defender for River Plate in the Uruguayan Primera División.
References
External links
Profile at Sofa Score
1999 births
Living people
C.A. Cerro players
Club Atlético River Plate (Montevideo) players
Uruguayan Segunda División players
Uruguayan men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
People from Mercedes, Uruguay
Footballers from Soriano Department |
The Men's 2017 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in the Palace of Sports "Lokomotiv", Kharkiv, Ukraine from 16 to 24 June 2017. It is the 42nd edition of this biennial competition organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, the EUBC.
Schedule
Participating nations
Medal winners
The medal winners are:
Medal table
References
External links
Results
European Amateur Boxing Championships
European Amateur Boxing Championships
European Amateur Boxing Championships
Boxing
International boxing competitions hosted by Ukraine
Sport in Kharkiv |
Batman/Spawn: War Devil is a 1994 one-shot comic book published by DC Comics and written by Doug Moench, Alan Grant, and Chuck Dixon. This is one of two such crossovers between the two characters published that year (the other one being Image Comics' Spawn/Batman). A third meeting between the two characters and a sequel to Spawn/Batman, which was going to be titled Spawn/Batman: Inner Demons and would have pitted Batman and Spawn against the Joker and Clown, was announced but never published. The book, along with Spawn/Batman, was reprinted as Batman/Spawn: The Classic Collection on November 15, 2022.
Plot
The saga of Virginia Dare and the Roanoke Colony is retold. Matches Malone is looking for clues on a missing man named Virgil Dare. Batman follows Dare to Gotham Tower, a building project led by Simon Vesper, a man murdered by Spawn. Batman finds Dare and learns that he is working to fulfill Vesper's plans. Vesper reappears the day before opening ceremonies. Vesper attacks and kills Dare making a pentagram with his blood and spelling out "Croatoan" above it. Batman and Spawn briefly fight, with Batman coming out on top. Batman and Spawn begin working together to solve the mystery. Gotham Tower lights up brightly and a pentagram of burning buildings starts while the rest of Gotham goes dark. Gotham's dead rise. Batman confronts Vesper at his building's opening ceremonies. Vesper is actually "the demon Croatoan", working for Satan to collect souls for the devil's army. Spawn battles Croatoan but is overpowered. Batman helps Spawn just in time and Spawn defeats Croatoan. The dead return to their graves and the doorway to Hell is closed. Inspired by Batman's actions, Spawn chooses to use his powers for the greater good.
References
1994 comics debuts
Batman titles
Comics by Alan Grant (writer)
Comics by Doug Moench
Elseworlds titles
Spawn (comics)
Intercompany crossovers
Team-up comics
Image Comics one-shots
DC Comics one-shots |
Peter Alan Oborne (; born 11 July 1957) is a British journalist and broadcaster. He is the former chief political commentator of The Daily Telegraph, from which he resigned in early 2015. He is author of The Rise of Political Lying, The Triumph of the Political Class, and The Assault on Truth: Boris Johnson, Donald Trump and the Emergence of a New Moral Barbarism, and along with Frances Weaver of the pamphlet Guilty Men. He has also authored a number of books about cricket. He writes a political column for Middle East Eye and a diary column for the Byline Times.
He sat as a commissioner for the Citizens Commission on Islam, Participation and Public Life. He won the Press Awards Columnist of the Year in 2012 and again in 2016.
Biography
Early life and career
Oborne was educated at Sherborne School and read history at Christ's College, Cambridge, graduating with a BA degree in 1978. After abandoning work on a doctorate, he joined NM Rothschild's corporate finance division in 1981, and stayed there for three years.
He began working for Robert Maxwell's now closed Financial Weekly magazine in 1985, being taken on by the editor Mihir Bose. In between two spells on the Evening Standard, the second being more extended, he joined The Daily Telegraph in 1987 for what turned out to be five months. During his second period on the Standard, he was sent to Westminster in 1992 as a junior political journalist by Paul Dacre, then the Standards editor. After moving to the Express titles in 1996, where he was taken on by Sue Douglas as a political commentator, he accepted voluntary redundancy in April 2001 at a time when the titles' new proprietor, Richard Desmond, was attempting to reduce losses.
Oborne is the author of a highly critical biography of Tony Blair's former spin doctor Alastair Campbell, published in 1999, and a biography of the cricketer Basil D'Oliveira (whose selection for England to tour South Africa in 1968 caused that country's apartheid regime to cancel the tour). Oborne is also a vocal critic of the late Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe, and author of a pamphlet published by the Centre for Policy Studies about the situation in Zimbabwe, A moral duty to act there.
From 2003 to 2006
As a television journalist, Oborne made three polemical documentaries with filmmaker Paul Yule: "Mugabe's Secret Famine" (2003), "Afghanistan – Here's One We Invaded Earlier" (2004), and "Not Cricket – The Basil D'Oliveira Conspiracy" (2004). When the paperback of Oborne's book on the D'Oliveira affair, Basil D'Oliveira, Cricket and Conspiracy: The Untold Story was published in 2005, Owen Slot wrote in a review in The Times, that Oborne "sets it up beautifully: one gentle, conservative Cape Town coloured man versus apartheid at its most rabid, the odds stacked heavily against the former". Robin Marlar in The Sunday Times thought "the positives in this book have it by a mile, the good guys are praised, and the others revealed". The book was written with D'Oliveira's involvement and won the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award in 2004.
In an edition of the Channel 4 Dispatches programme in November 2004, "The Dirty Race for the White House", broadcast just before the re-election of George W. Bush, Oborne asserted: "This US presidential election is about using the darkest tools of political persuasion — fear, lies and black propaganda — in order to target an amazingly small but utterly decisive group of largely ignorant voters". The historian Andrew Roberts wrote in The Times that such claims by Oborne as the country's voters being "ignorant beyond belief" was a "staggeringly snobbish, anti-American generalisation" and that "it can hardly be blamed on the candidates that they engage the electorate in the vernacular in which they are best likely to be understood".
In April 2005, Oborne presented the Channel 4 programme in the Election Unspun series, Why Politicians Can't Tell the Truth, that examined how major political parties in Britain allegedly pursue an agenda designed to appeal only to a narrow band of floating voters expected to play a decisive role in the UK general elections of 2005. In a Dispatches broadcast in November 2005, "Iraq — The Reckoning", he commented that the 2003 invasion was "the greatest foreign policy disaster since Munich. And our Government has reacted in precisely the same way: by going into denial. Denial about the role our troops are really playing in Iraq. Denial about the true nature of the emerging Iraqi state. Above all, we're in denial about the fact that the invasion of Iraq, as conceived by President Bush and Tony Blair, has failed."
From 2006 to 2009
In April 2006, it was announced that Oborne was taking up a new position at the Daily Mail as a political columnist, while retaining his connection with The Spectator as a contributing editor. He had been The Spectators political editor since 2001, and was replaced in that role by Fraser Nelson of The Scotsman.
Oborne's book The Triumph of the Political Class was published in 2007. Simon Jenkins, in a review for The Sunday Times, summarised Oborne's thesis "in his latest diatribe against Britain's ingénue ruling class" as "Out have gone mandarins, independent advisers, political parties and ministers with experience of life. In has come a tight network of loyalist apparatchiks, quango-crats, lobbyists and City consultants" in the era of New Labour. Jenkins observed: "Amid all this sound and fury, it is sometimes hard to discern Oborne's real complaint from his aloof moralism. Much of what he attacks predates Blair". Oborne wrote some years later: "Blair falls into the tradition of [Robert] Walpole and [David] Lloyd George", who greatly enriched themselves in office, although Blair's "exploitation of the office of prime minister came after he left Downing Street".
In July 2008, Oborne presented another Dispatches programme made for Channel 4 called It Shouldn't Happen to a Muslim. In this film and the accompanying leaflet Muslims Under Siege co-written with television journalist James Jones, it was argued that the demonisation of Muslims has become widespread in British media and politics. The pamphlet was serialised in The Independent. In an October 2006 Guardian interview with James Silver, Oborne was against the "litany of condemnation" of Muslim women who wear the veil from government ministers and considered it an "anti-Islamic crusade". In his opinion, New Labour had "given up on the Muslim vote after the Iraq war, so it's now bashing Muslims to get back the white working-class vote and the veil row is a very carefully orchestrated political strategy".
Oborne was on the Orwell Prize's Journalism shortlist for 2009.
From 2009 to 2015
Israel, the EU, and other issues
In collaboration with James Jones, Oborne wrote the pamphlet "The Pro-Israel Lobby in Britain", which outlined the influence enjoyed by pro-Israeli media and political lobbyists in the United Kingdom. The article asserted that while the lobbying efforts of groups such as Conservative Friends of Israel (CFI), Labour Friends of Israel, and the Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre (BICOM) are within the law, their funding is often untraceable, their operations are not transparent, and media seldom declare the influence of junkets arranged by these pro-Israeli entities on the tenor of their writing. Oborne and Jones conclude that changes are needed "because politics in a democracy should never take place behind closed doors. It should be out in the open and there for all to see." On the same issue. Oborne wrote and presented an edition of Dispatches titled "Inside Britain's Israel Lobby", featuring interviews with people mentioned in the pamphlet and commenting on the BBC's refusal to broadcast the 2009 DEC Gaza appeal. In December 2012, he argued that the Conservatives' unwillingness to criticise the Israeli government threatens the prospect of a permanent peace in the region.
In collaboration with Conservative Member of Parliament Jesse Norman, Oborne produced the pamphlet Churchill's Legacy – the Conservative case for the Human Rights Act in the summer of 2009. Published by Liberty, the pamphlet attempted to show how "the Act is not a charter for socialism but contains the most basic rights from 900 years of British history".
In September 2011, Oborne and Frances Weaver co-authored the pamphlet "Guilty Men" for the Centre for Policy Studies written, according to Denis MacShane in The Guardian, with Oborne's "characteristic rococo exuberance". According to Oborne and Weaver in a covering article "the pro-Europeans find themselves in the same situation as appeasers in 1940, or communists after the fall of the Berlin Wall". The report sought to identify the politicians, institutions and commentators who the authors felt had tried to take Britain into the European Single Currency. The Financial Times, which "has been wrong on every single major economic judgment over the past quarter century", in the covering article is accused of a "vendetta" against Euro-sceptics. In the report, the FT, BBC and CBI are accused of being "villains" and considered the "propaganda arm for the pro-single currency movement". MacShane wrote that the authors' made false claims in the report against the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) and he dismisses the idea that the British media "have been suborned into aiding and abetting a pro-Europe line" because the press is dominated by a right-wing euro-sceptic agenda.
Following the pamphlet's publication, Oborne made frank comments on the BBC programme Newsnight on 28 September 2011. In the debate about the Greek debt crisis and its effects on the eurozone, he referred to the European Commission spokesman Amadeu Altafaj Tardio as "that idiot in Brussels" which, after he used the phrase for a third time, resulted in Tardio walking out of the studio. (Tardio, spokesman for European Union economic and monetary affairs commissioner Olli Rehn, was speaking from a studio in Brussels.) Oborne was mocked by Newsnight presenter Jeremy Paxman for "gratuituous rudeness" after Paxman had himself asked for a response from, "Mr Idiot in Brussels".
On 10 May 2012, on the BBC's Question Time programme, Oborne commented following the jailing of a Rochdale sex trafficking gang, who had been convicted of rape, sexual activity with children and conspiracy to engage in sexual activity with children having raped, physically assaulted and sexually groomed girls as young as 12. Oborne said the victims had "accepted the advances" of their attackers and added: "What does it tell us about what's happened to our society that we have 12 year old girls, 13 year old girls, who are happy to give up their affection and their beauty to men in exchange for a packet of crisps?" Some, such as Vicky Allan of The Herald, have claimed that this type of rhetoric amounts to victim blaming, saying that: "there is a prevalent conviction that young girls are somehow asking for whatever they get as soon as they begin to behave in a sexual manner, or choose to involve themselves with men".
Oborne has been critical of the state of Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations as he considers that Saudi Arabia has too much influence over British politicians' decisions due to the value of arms they buy from British-headquartered companies like BAE Systems. In October 2014, his Daily Telegraph column criticised the British government for launching an investigation into the Muslim Brotherhood, apparently on the say-so of the Saudi Arabian government and the Arab lobby. On the Arab lobby, he said: "Unlike the Pro-Israel lobby (with which it is, nevertheless, very closely allied) there are few obvious institutional structures or pressure points. The British Arab lobby is inchoate. It is powerfully represented at the heart of the British military and intelligence establishments, while its connections with the oil and defence industries remain profound. Relations with the British monarchy run very deep." He also called on the British government to end its support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.
A Dangerous Delusion: Why the Iranian Nuclear Threat is a Myth
Written with David Morrison, Oborne's book A Dangerous Delusion: Why the Iranian Nuclear Threat is a Myth (2013) sought to dispel what the authors see as a common misconception of a malign intent behind Iran's nuclear power programme, and objects to the current sanctions against Iran and argues against any military intervention. The Times leader writer Oliver Kamm disagreed with the authors' notion that Ayatollah Khomeini was "one of the greatest theologians of all time" whose "teaching contained insights which went far deeper than anything the rationalists and materialists of the United States could imagine" suggesting those insights fall somewhat short of the proposals of Thomas Jefferson in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. On a podcast involving the authors, Douglas Murray asserted that Morrison, with the acquiescence of Oborne, made disingenuous claims about President Ahmadinejad's history of Holocaust denial.
Oborne, responding to his critics in an article for The Spectators 'Coffee House' blog, complained of the "scale and (in some cases) virulence that I have never encountered before" of his and Morrison's opponents. He rejected Kamm and Murray's claims about his co-author, who "fully accepts" the veracity of claims against Ahmadinejad. Oborne wrote that "not one of our critics have even tried to deal with the central, factual points of our short book: that Iran isn’t in possession of nuclear weapons and isn’t building them". Michael Axworthy thought that "For the most part, Oborne and Morrison are right and their arguments are strong". A review by Con Coughlin for The Jewish Chronicle speculated that Oborne's "unhappy descent into the world of international fantasy" owed much to his association with Morrison, and accused "the authors" of "alarming ignorance about the rudimentary principles that underpin the current Iranian regime" and reports from intelligence sources and the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Resignation from The Daily Telegraph
Oborne had re-joined The Daily Telegraph in May 2010 from the Mail to write for the newspaper from the following September.
On 17 February 2015, Oborne resigned from The Daily Telegraph. In a letter posted to the online news website, openDemocracy, Oborne criticised his former employer for the allegedly unscrupulous relationship between their editorial and commercial arms. Specifically, Oborne outlined how the paper would suppress negative stories and drop investigations into the HSBC bank, a major source of their advertising revenue, which, in his opinion, compromised their journalistic integrity calling it a "form of fraud on its readers". He also alleged that The Telegraphs coverage of stories relating to British supermarket chain Tesco, shipping company Cunard and the pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong had been influenced by commercial considerations. He added, "There are other very troubling cases, many of them set out in Private Eye, which has been a major source of information for Telegraph journalists wanting to understand what is happening on their paper".
The Telegraph group responded to Oborne's claims in a statement: "We aim to provide all our commercial partners with a range of advertising solutions, but the distinction between advertising and our award-winning editorial operation has always been fundamental to our business. We utterly refute [sic] any allegation to the contrary."
Michael White wrote of Oborne at the time: "What makes him unusual, however, not just among journalists, is his powerful sense of right and wrong".
Career from 2015
In July 2015, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a report by Oborne in which he and producer Anna Meisel investigated the closure a year earlier of HSBC bank accounts belonging to British Muslim institutions and individuals. He had originally begun his investigation whilst working for The Daily Telegraph, but the newspaper had refused to publish the resultant article, which had been critical of the bank's decision, triggering his decision to resign.
On 30 June 2015, it was announced that Oborne would rejoin the Daily Mail with a weekly political column starting in the autumn and write a weekly column in Middle East Eye.
During the nomination process for the 2016 United States presidential election, Oborne said that, while Hillary Clinton "for me is a warmonger" as "[t]here's never been a war she hasn't supported", the eventual US President Donald Trump "in terms of his foreign policy is actually quite sensible. He doesn't want to get involved." In his opinion, the Russian government under Vladimir Putin and several other governments in the world have "been converted into a form of pillage by a ruling family, individual or ruling elite".
Though previously a "strong Brexiter", Oborne wrote an article for the UK-based political website openDemocracy on 7 April 2019, and suggested that the Brexit decision needs to be rethought: "So I argue, as a Brexiteer, that we need to take a long deep breath. We need to swallow our pride, and think again. Maybe it means rethinking the Brexit decision altogether."
In October 2019, Oborne wrote an article about how journalists and the media are being used by Downing Street to get their false news out, saying: "It's chilling. From the Mail, The Times to the BBC and ITN, everyone is peddling Downing Street's lies and smears. They're turning their readers into dupes." The article was rejected by The Daily Mail, The Spectator, and Channel 4's Dispatches, and Oborne published it on openDemocracy. Oborne said: "This article marked the end of my thirty-year-long career as a writer and broadcaster in the mainstream British press and media. I had been a regular presenter on Radio 4's The Week in Westminster for more than two decades. It ceased to use me, without explanation. I parted company on reasonably friendly terms with the Daily Mail after our disagreement." In an interview with Channel 4 News, he said that the journalists being used by the UK government include BBC News's Laura Kuenssberg and ITV Newss Robert Peston.
In 2021, Oborne's book The Assault on Truth: Boris Johnson, Donald Trump and the Emergence of a New Moral Barbarism was published by Simon & Schuster. The book examines the measures taken by Boris Johnson and his ministers in order to win the 2019 United Kingdom general election and force through Brexit. Reviewing the book for The Guardian, William Davies wrote that "Oborne is clinical and merciless in his account of Johnson's mendacity, building up his case item by item, footnote by footnote."
Personal life
Oborne describes himself as a "regular Anglican churchgoer", and his wife, Martine, is vicar at St Michael's Sutton Court in Chiswick, west London. The couple have five children. Martine Oborne is also a writer and illustrator. He is a friend of Craig Murray, whom he described as "one of the greatest truth-tellers of our time".
Awards and honours
2004 William Hill Sports Book of the Year, Basil D’Oliveira
2005 British Sports Book Awards (Best Biography), Basil D’Oliveira
2012 Society of Editors Press Awards Columnist of the Year (Broadsheet)
2015 Wisden Book of the Year, Wounded Tiger: A History of Cricket in Pakistan
2016 Society of Editors Press Awards Columnist of the Year (POP)
Works
Books and pamphlets
paperback reprint: Time Warner, 2005.
The Pro-Israel Lobby in Britain (Co-written with James Jones) Channel 4 Dispatches & Open Democracy, 2009
The Children that Britain Betrayed. (Co-written with Lynn Ferguson) Channel 4 Dispatches,
Guilty Men. (Co-written with Frances Weaver) Centre for Policy Studies, 2011
Radio and television documentaries
Mugabe's Secret Famine (Channel 4, May 2003, produced by Paul Yule, Juniper TV)
Afghanistan: Here's One We Invaded Earlier (Channel 4, May 2003, produced by Paul Yule, Juniper TV)
Not Cricket: The Basil D'Oliveira Conspiracy (Channel 4, June 2004, produced by Paul Yule, Berwick Universal Pictures)
The Dirty Race for the White House (Channel 4, November 2004, produced by Ed Braman, Juniper TV)
We’re All Criminals Now (Channel 4, January 2005, produced by Zoe Hassid, Mentorn in association with Raw TV)
Election Unspun: Why Politicians Can't Tell the Truth (Channel 4, April 2005, produced by Richard Sanders, Juniper TV)
Dispatches: Gordon Brown – Fit for Office? (Channel 4, May 2007, directed by Simon Berthon)
Dispatches: Iraq – the Betrayal (Channel 4, March 2008, produced by Marc Perkins, October Films)
Dispatches: It Shouldn't Happen to a Muslim (Channel 4, July 2008, produced by Chris Boulding, Quicksilver Media)
Dispatches: Iraq – the Legacy (Channel 4, December 2008, Richard Sanders, October Films)
Afghanistan: Waiting for the Taliban (Channel 4, May 2009, produced by Alex Nott, Quicksilver Media)
Philippines: Holy Warriors (Channel 4, October 2009, produced by George Waldrum, Quicksilver Media)
Dispatches: Iraq – the Reckoning (Channel 4, July 2009, directed by James Brabazon, Juniper TV)
Dispatches: The Children Britain Betrayed (Channel 4, July 2009, produced by Lynn Ferguson, First Frame TV)
Dispatches: Inside Britain's Israel Lobby (Channel 4, November 2009, Produced by Ed Harriman, Hardcash Productions)
Conserving What? (Radio 4, October 2009, produced by Sheila Cook)
Nigeria's Killing Fields (Channel 4, April 2010, produced by Andy Wells, Quicksilver Media)
Tabloids, Tories and Telephone Hacking (Channel 4, October 2010, produced by Sally Brindle and Jenny Evans, Blakeway Productions)
Pakistan: After the Floods (Channel 4, November 2010, directed by Simon Phillips, Quicksilver Media)
Pakistan: Defenders of Karachi (Channel 4, April 2011, directed by Edward Watts, Quicksilver Media)
Dispatches: The Wonderful World of Tony Blair (Channel 4, September 2011, directed by James Brabazon, Blast!)
Libya: My Week with Gunmen (Channel 4, June 2012, directed by Richard Cookson, Quicksilver Media)
Dispatches: Murdoch, Cameron & the £8 Billion Deal (Channel 4, June 2012, Blakeway Productions)
HSBC, Muslims and Me (BBC Radio 4, July 2015, produced by Anna Meisel)
Peter Oborne's Chilcot Report (BBC Radio 4, October 2015, produced by Hannah Barnes)
Al Qaeda in Syria (BBC Radio 4, December 2015, produced by Joe Kent)
All Out In Pakistan (BBC World, May 2017, directed by Paul Yule, Berwick Universal Pictures)
Oborne and Heller on Cricket (Chiswick Calendar, 2020-ongoing, podcast)
See also
Politico-media complex (PMC)
Notes
References
External links
Oborne & Heller on Cricket podcast
Shepherd, R. "Another Vast Jewish Conspiracy", Wall Street Journal, November 2009
1957 births
Living people
People from Poole
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
British male journalists
English Anglicans
English people of Scottish descent
Conservatism in the United Kingdom
People educated at Sherborne School
Cricket historians and writers |
The United Church of Bacon is an atheist / skeptic philosophical church whose main goals are social progress and raising money for other charities, founded in 2010, by John Whiteside and friends. The church offers all kinds of traditional religious services, including weddings, baptisms, and funerals. Its founder chose a strange name for the church, and its belief in bacon, as a social critique that all churches have strange beliefs, seen from the outside. The church opposes special privileges to religions because religious people are somehow superior to for having strange beliefs. The church promotes separation of church and state, science education and critical thinking, and an end to discrimination against atheists. The official symbol of the organization is two pieces of bacon praying with the sun in the background.
Founding
The Church of Bacon was founded during a meeting at Penn Jillette's house in 2010, to fight discrimination against atheists. The official launch was at The Amaz!ng Meeting, in 2012. They believe in practical atheism and do not believe in the existence of gods. They chose a funny bacon name with an argument that bacon is demonstrably real whereas god is imperceptible by the eye. The Church's mission statement is "Hail Bacon, full of grease, the Lard is with thee.”
Tenets
The chief criterion for joining is that members must love the smell of bacon, which can be turkey bacon or vegetarian bacon. Officiants are known as friars.
The main code are the 8 bacon commandments (previously 9):
Be Skeptical
Respect Boundaries
Normalize Atheists & Religion
Have Fun
Be Good
Be Generous
Praise Bacon
Advocate for fair church taxation
The 9th commandment was originally "Pay Taxes", but was later changed.
Activism
The United Church of Bacon is a philosophical parody church that fights against atheist discrimination, for separation of church and state, and for marriage equality. It has supported or organized several causes.
In 2015 UCB was denied notary services by Wells Fargo, which gained international attention. Wells Fargo denied discrimination. The founder of the church later recorded seven out of eleven Wells Fargo branches denying simple notarisations. Wells Fargo quietly changed their notary policy in 2016, and since then UCB has not had a problem with Wells Fargo.
The United Church of Bacon (UCB) currently has over 3700 clergy. Application for clergy is free, and if approved UCB clergy cannot charge for their services. Instead, clergy are encouraged to ask whomever is provided services to donate to either the charity of their choice or from a list on their website. UCB has no affiliation with the charities recommended.
Billboards
UCB has posted billboards in Las Vegas, Nevada in order to spread awareness of both itself and various atheist and skeptic messages. These billboards have created discussion on various social media platforms about the church and its message.
June 2015
This billboard featured a quote by Thomas Paine to fight discrimination against atheists. The quote states, “Infidelity is saying you believe something when you don't.”
April 2015
One of the first billboards was put up in April 2015. The billboard featured the UCB logo and featured the phrase "bacon is our god because bacon is real". The billboard was displayed in 4 different locations around Las Vegas, Nevada. The timing of this billboard coincided with the UCB protest of Wells Fargo over religious discrimination.
December 2015
The United Church of Bacon posted a holiday billboard in December 2015 which stated "Merry Christmas and Happy Hanukkah from 13,000+ Atheists & Skeptics at United Church of Bacon".
February 2014
The first billboard run by the United Church of Bacon was part of a rotating digital billboard along the 215 freeway in Las Vegas, NV. It displayed 2 quotes in 8 second rotating displays.
June 2022
The United Church of Bacon posted 2 billboards saying "Bacon is our God" in Birmingham, AL.
References
External links
Religious parodies and satires
Bacon
Organizations established in 2010
2010 establishments in Nevada |
Holy Cross Church, Kurla is a Roman Catholic Church in Kurla, a suburb of Mumbai, India. It was built during the Portuguese era by the Jesuits in 1588 and rebuilt in 1848. It is one of the oldest churches in Mumbai. The church belongs to the Archdiocese of Bombay.
History
St. Francis Xavier had written the King of Portugal, requesting land near the village of Kurla on Salcette Island to build a church and residence. On 22 February 1570, King Sebastian of Portugal wrote from Evora confirming the donation of the Villages of Bandra and Kurla, as well as Saki and Mohili in favour of the Jesuits of St. Paul's College of Goa. This was because Goa was the headquarters of the Jesuits of Asia and St. Francis Xavier was the first Provincial Superior of India and the Far East. On 1 November 1572 this donation was re-affirmed by the Royal Court of Lisbon. The Jesuits came to Kurla and Bandra in 1573 and the first small Chapel was built in the same year. References were made in 1580 to "the Church built by the Jesuits of Bandra in 1580". By 1586, two Priests and two Brothers, residing at Bandra, cared for the parishioners of Kurla, spelt by the Portuguese of the time as "Curulem" or "Corlem". The Jesuits used to come on Sundays and Feast days of obligation to celebrate Mass, teach Catechism and help Catholics.
The Church was initially called "Iglesia de San Salvador" (Church of Our Holy Saviour). The name was then changed to 'Invencao de Santa Cruz', Church of the finding of the Holy Cross which was soon shortened to "Church of the Holy Cross", presumably due to special devotions to the Cross of Christ as mentioned in the Annual Letters to Rome of Jesuits of India, found in the Monumenta Historica Societatis lesu and the Documenta Indica.
During 1669 to 1739, The British ruled the Seven Islands of Bombay while Salsette Island was still in Portuguese hands. The Jesuit Church and the houses of Kurla were frequently threatened by bombardment from the Sion Hillock Fort, situated on the northern end of Bombay. Whenever the British had any grievances against the Portuguese, Kurla and Bandra, which lay immediately across the Mahim creek, suffered from these bombing reprisals. In 1739, the Church fell into the hands of the Marathas, and the Jesuits had to return. The Diocesan clergy then took over the administration of the parish.
The most drastic changes to the parish started taking place in the middle of the 20th century due to the continued influx of Catholics into the city and its Suburbs. The Catholic population increased appreciably which led to the carving of six new parishes from the original parish of Kurla. Our Lady of Fatima Church, kirol in 1953, St. Joseph, near Kurla Railway Station in 1968, St. Jude, Jeri Meri in 1972, St. Anthony, Saki Naka in 1975, Holy Family, Pestomsagar in 1982 and Infant Jesus, Ghatkopar in 1983 were established as independent parishes. At the turn of the century, the need for more accommodation in the church was felt and an extension and renovation of the Church structure was undertaken. Ivan Cardinal Dias released and inaugurated this project on 5 May 2004.
Parish Fiesta
The Church celebrates its feast on the 3rd day of May every year. Since 2015 the local community of Bombay East Indians from the Kurla Christian Village organise a festival known as Holy Cross Parish Fiesta every year to celebrate the church feast There are float parades, East Indian singing competitions, East Indian Band, fancily dressed people, horsecarts taking part in the celebration. Villagers from Gorai, Manori, Kanjur, Malad, Sion, Kalina, Vakola, Vile Parle, Sahar and Marol also join in the celebration. On 5 May 2019, Fr. Milton Gonsalves released a book named Holy Cross Kurla which described the history of Kurla.
References
External links
Official Parish Web Site
Roman Catholic churches in Mumbai
Churches completed in 1588
1588 in India
1848 in India
Rebuilt churches in India
16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in India |
Population: 1975 is the second album by the queercore band the Butchies, released in 1999.
Critical reception
The Chicago Tribune called the songs "sonic tapestries woven from nimble bass, alternately lithe/dense guitar and intricate drums."
Track listing
"Insult to Injury"
"It's Over"
"More Rock More Talk"
"Movies Movies"
"Population 1975
"Eleanor
"Ms Doolittle
"Love in the Hour"
"Intro"
"Baby DNA"
"Gertrude + Stein"
References
1999 albums
The Butchies albums |
The year 1914 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
Sinope, the outermost known moon of Jupiter, is discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory.
A 76 cm refracting telescope is built at Allegheny Observatory in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the fifth largest refractor in the world.
Robert Goddard begins building rockets.
Walter Sydney Adams determines an incredibly high density for Sirius B.
Biology and medicine
March 27 – Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.
August 1 – Swiss National Park (Parc Naziunal Svizzer) established in the Engadin region of Switzerland.
September 1 – Martha, the last known passenger pigeon, dies, in the Cincinnati Zoo.
November 6 – Jacques Loeb publishes a paper on artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchins.
November 26 – Karl von Frisch publishes his first significant paper on honey bee behavior, "Der Farbensinn und Formensinn der Biene".
Julian Huxley publishes The Courtship Habits of the Great Crested Grebe, a key text in ethology.
John Joly develops a method of extracting radium and applying it in radiotherapy.
Edward Calvin Kendall isolates thyroxine.
Morris Simmonds first reports hypopituitarism.
Oxymorphone, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine, is first developed in Germany.
Chemistry
T. W. Richards finds variations between the atomic weight of lead from different mineral sources, attributable to variations in isotopic composition due to different radioactive origins.
Mathematics
In analysis of the Riemann hypothesis
G. H. Hardy shows there are infinitely many zeros on the critical line. Harald Bohr and Edmund Landau show that for any positive ε, all but an infinitely small proportion of zeros lie within a distance ε of the critical line; and R. J. Backlund introduces a better method of checking the zeros.
J. E. Littlewood shows that the prime number theorem underestimates the cumulative total of primes.
Mineralogy
Pascoite is first described.
Physics
April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
October 1 – Edgar Buckingham introduces use of the symbol "i" for the dimensionless variables (or parameters) in what becomes known as the Buckingham π theorem, significant to dimensional analysis.
Ernest Rutherford suggests that the positively charged atomic nucleus contains protons.
Technology
February 3 – Willis Carrier patents an air conditioner in the United States.
September 5 – British Royal Navy scout cruiser is sunk by German submarine U-21 in the Firth of Forth (Scotland), the first ship ever to be sunk by a locomotive torpedo fired from a submarine.
November 3 – Polly Jacob patents a backless bra in the United States.
Kodak introduce the Autographic system.
Other events
October 23 – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany.
Awards
Nobel Prize
Physics – Max von Laue
Chemistry – Theodore William Richards
Medicine – Robert Bárány
Births
February 5 – Alan Hodgkin (died 1998), English physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1963).
February 22 – Renato Dulbecco (died 2012), Italian-born virologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1975).
March 5 – He Zehui (died 2011), Chinese nuclear physicist.
March 8 – Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (died 1987), Russian astrophysicist.
March 25 – Norman Borlaug (died 2009), American agronomist, humanitarian and Nobel laureate.
April 7 – Heinz Billing, German physicist and computer scientist (died 2017)
May 19 – Max Perutz (died 2002), Austrian-born biologist.
June 3 – Ignacio Ponseti (died 2009), Menorcan-born pediatric orthopedist.
June 4 – Alec Skempton (died 2001), English pioneer of soil science and engineering historian.
July 15 – Gavin Maxwell (died 1969), Scottish naturalist.
July 24 – Frances Oldham Kelsey (died 2015), Canadian pharmacologist.
August 13 – Grace Bates (died 1996), American mathematician.
September 5 – Nicanor Parra (died 2018), Chilean poet and physicist.
October 2 – Jack Parsons (died 1952), American rocket engineer and occultist.
October 6 – Thor Heyerdahl (died 2002), Norwegian ethnographer and explorer, leader of the Kon-Tiki expedition.
October 14 – Raymond Davis, Jr. (died 2006), American chemist and physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (2002)
October 21 – Martin Gardner (died 2010), American writer on recreational mathematics.
October 28
Jonas Salk (died 1995), American medical researcher.
Richard Laurence Millington Synge (died 1994), English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
December 15 – Anatole Abragam, French physicist (died 2011)
December 20 – Mary Helen Wright Greuter (died 1997), American historian of astronomy.
December 21 – Frank Fenner (died 2010), Australian virologist and microbiologist.
December 31 – Mary Logan Reddick (died 1966), African American neuroembryologist.
Deaths
January 24 – Sir David Gill (born 1843), Scottish astronomer.
March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli (born 1850), Italian volcanologist.
March 30 – John Henry Poynting (born 1852), English physicist, discovered the Poynting–Robertson effect and developed the Poynting vector.
April 16 – George William Hill (born 1838), American astronomer.
April 26 – Eduard Suess (born 1831), German geologist and ecologist.
May 15 – Ida Freund (born 1863), Austrian-born British chemist and educator.
May 27 – Joseph Swan (born 1828), English physicist.
September 13 – Robert Hope-Jones (born 1859), English-born inventor of the theatre organ (suicide).
November 5 – August Weismann (born 1834), German evolutionary biologist.
November 10 – Lydia Shackleton (born 1828), Irish botanical artist.
November 28 – Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (born 1824), German physicist.
December 24 – John Muir (born 1838), Scottish American geologist and ecologist, founder of the Sierra Club.
December 29 – Johannes Ludwig Janson (born 1849), German veterinary scientist.
References
20th century in science
1910s in science |
The 2012 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships was the fifth edition of the international indoor athletics event between Asian nations. It took place at the Vocational and Technical College Athletics Hall in Hangzhou, China, between 18 and 19 February. A total of 26 nations sent athletes to compete at the championships, which featured 25 track and field events.
China topped the medal table with 14 golds. Iran was second with three golds while Bahrain finished third with three golds.
The competition featured two Asian indoor records. Mutaz Essa Barshim broke the men's high jump record with a clearance of 2.37 m, bettering Zhu Jianhua's 26-year-ol standard. Li Ling beat the women's Asian indoor record in the pole vault with a mark of 4.50 m.
Results
Men
Women
Medal table
Participating nations
A total of 26 nations were represented by athletes competing at the 2012 championships
(6)
(63)
(7)
(7)
(14)
(3)
(13)
(1)
(10)
(15)
(8)
(7)
(2)
(6)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
References
Results Book. Asian Athletics Association (2012) - archived. Retrieved on 2014-02-17.
External links
Asian Athletics Association
Indoor 2012
Asian Indoor Championships
Asian Indoor Championships
Indoor Championships
Sport in Hangzhou
International athletics competitions hosted by China |
```xml
/**
*/
import * as babel from '@babel/core';
import preset from '..';
const ENABLED_CALLER = {
name: 'metro',
isDev: false,
isServer: false,
projectRoot: '/',
};
function getCaller(props: Record<string, string | boolean>): babel.TransformCaller {
return props as unknown as babel.TransformCaller;
}
const DEF_OPTIONS = {
// Ensure this is absolute to prevent the filename from being converted to absolute and breaking CI tests.
filename: '/unknown',
babelrc: false,
presets: [[preset, {}]],
sourceMaps: true,
configFile: false,
compact: false,
comments: true,
retainLines: false,
caller: getCaller({ ...ENABLED_CALLER, platform: 'ios' }),
};
const originalEnv = process.env;
beforeEach(() => {
process.env = { ...originalEnv, FORCE_COLOR: '0' };
});
afterAll(() => {
process.env = { ...originalEnv };
});
function getOpts(caller: Record<string, string | boolean>) {
return {
...DEF_OPTIONS,
caller: getCaller({ ...ENABLED_CALLER, ...caller }),
};
}
describe('forbidden React server APIs', () => {
function runServerPass(src: string, options = {}) {
return babel.transform(
src,
getOpts({
isReactServer: true,
platform: 'ios',
...options,
})
);
}
it(`does not assert importing client-side APIs in client components (react server mode)`, () => {
// This test covers the order of server registry running before the assertion to remove the import.
expect(runServerPass(`"use client"; import { useState } from 'react';`)?.code).toMatch(
'react-server-dom-webpack'
);
});
it(`does not assert importing client-side React functions in server components`, () => {
runServerPass(`import { useState } from 'react';`);
runServerPass(`import { useRef, useContext } from 'react';`);
runServerPass(`import React, { useRef } from 'react';`);
runServerPass(`import { useRandom } from 'react';`);
});
it(`asserts importing client-side React APIs in server components`, () => {
expect(() => runServerPass(`import React, { PureComponent } from 'react';`)).toThrowError();
expect(() => runServerPass(`import { PureComponent } from 'react';`)).toThrowError();
expect(() => runServerPass(`import { Component } from 'react';`)).toThrowError();
});
// Support importing but not using. This allows for shared components to import React APIs and only have assertions on usage.
it(`does not assert importing client-side react-dom APIs in server components`, () => {
runServerPass(`import { findDOMNode } from 'react-dom';`);
runServerPass(`import { useRandom } from 'react-dom';`);
});
it(`does not assert importing client-side react-dom APIs in server components if they are in node modules`, () => {
expect(
babel.transform(`import { findDOMNode } from 'react-dom';`, {
...DEF_OPTIONS,
filename: '/bacon/node_modules/@bacons/breakfast.js',
caller: getCaller({
...ENABLED_CALLER,
supportsStaticESM: true,
isReactServer: true,
platform: 'ios',
}),
})?.code
).toBe(`import { findDOMNode } from 'react-dom';`);
});
it(`asserts client-side React API usage in server components`, () => {
expect(() =>
runServerPass(`
import * as React from 'react';
export default function App() {
const [state, setState] = React.useState(0);
return <div>{state}</div>;
}
`)
).toThrow(/cannot be used in a React server component/);
});
it(`asserts if client-side React APIs are used in server components from a named import`, () => {
expect(() =>
runServerPass(`
import { useState } from 'react';
export default function App() {
const [index, setIndex] = useState(0)
return <div>{index}</div>;
}
`)
).toThrow(/cannot be used in a React server component/);
});
it(`does not asserts client-side code without React API usage in server components (named import)`, () => {
expect(() =>
runServerPass(`
import { useState } from 'react';
export default function App() {
const [index, setIndex] = foo()
return <div>{index}</div>;
}
function foo() {}
`)
).not.toThrow();
});
it(`asserts client-side React API usage in server components (default import)`, () => {
expect(() =>
runServerPass(`
import React from 'react';
export default function App() {
const ref = React.useRef(null);
return <div>{ref}</div>;
}
`)
).toThrow(/cannot be used in a React server component/);
});
it(`asserts client-side React class component usage in server components`, () => {
expect(() =>
runServerPass(`
import React from 'react';
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
return <div />;
}
}
`)
).toThrow(/Class components cannot be/);
});
it(`allows client-side React API usage in client components`, () => {
runServerPass(`
"use client"
import React from 'react';
export default function App() {
const ref = React.useRef(null);
return <div>{ref}</div>;
}
`);
runServerPass(`
"use client"
import * as React from 'react';
export default function App() {
const ref = React.useRef(null);
return <div>{ref}</div>;
}
`);
});
it(`allows client-side React class component usage in client components`, () => {
runServerPass(`
"use client"
import React from 'react';
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
return <div />;
}
}
`);
});
});
``` |
```objective-c
/*############################################################################
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
############################################################################*/
/*!
* \file
* \brief Verifier C++ wrapper interface.
*/
#ifndef EPID_COMMON_TESTHELPER_VERIFIER_WRAPPER_TESTHELPER_H_
#define EPID_COMMON_TESTHELPER_VERIFIER_WRAPPER_TESTHELPER_H_
extern "C" {
#include "epid/verifier/api.h"
}
/// C++ Wrapper to manage memory for VerifierCtx via RAII
class VerifierCtxObj {
public:
/// Create a VerifierCtx
explicit VerifierCtxObj(GroupPubKey const& pub_key);
/// Create a VerifierCtx given precomputation blob
VerifierCtxObj(GroupPubKey const& pub_key, VerifierPrecomp const& precomp);
// This class instances are not meant to be copied.
// Explicitly delete copy constructor and assignment operator.
VerifierCtxObj(const VerifierCtxObj&) = delete;
VerifierCtxObj& operator=(const VerifierCtxObj&) = delete;
/// Destroy the VerifierCtx
~VerifierCtxObj();
/// get a pointer to the stored VerifierCtx
VerifierCtx* ctx() const;
/// cast operator to get the pointer to the stored VerifierCtx
operator VerifierCtx*() const;
/// const cast operator to get the pointer to the stored VerifierCtx
operator const VerifierCtx*() const;
private:
/// The stored VerifierCtx
VerifierCtx* ctx_;
};
#endif // EPID_COMMON_TESTHELPER_VERIFIER_WRAPPER_TESTHELPER_H_
``` |
```php
<?php
namespace Elementor;
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
exit; // Exit if accessed directly.
}
/**
* Elementor CSS Filter control.
*
* A base control for applying css filters. Displays sliders to define the
* values of different CSS filters including blur, brightens, contrast,
* saturation and hue.
*
* @since 2.1.0
*/
class Group_Control_Css_Filter extends Group_Control_Base {
/**
* Prepare fields.
*
* Process css_filter control fields before adding them to `add_control()`.
*
* @since 2.1.0
* @access protected
*
* @param array $fields CSS filter control fields.
*
* @return array Processed fields.
*/
protected static $fields;
/**
* Get CSS filter control type.
*
* Retrieve the control type, in this case `css-filter`.
*
* @since 2.1.0
* @access public
* @static
*
* @return string Control type.
*/
public static function get_type() {
return 'css-filter';
}
/**
* Init fields.
*
* Initialize CSS filter control fields.
*
* @since 2.1.0
* @access protected
*
* @return array Control fields.
*/
protected function init_fields() {
$controls = [];
$controls['blur'] = [
'label' => esc_html_x( 'Blur', 'Filter Control', 'elementor' ),
'type' => Controls_Manager::SLIDER,
'required' => 'true',
'range' => [
'px' => [
'min' => 0,
'max' => 10,
'step' => 0.1,
],
],
'default' => [
'size' => 0,
],
'selectors' => [
'{{SELECTOR}}' => 'filter: brightness( {{brightness.SIZE}}% ) contrast( {{contrast.SIZE}}% ) saturate( {{saturate.SIZE}}% ) blur( {{blur.SIZE}}px ) hue-rotate( {{hue.SIZE}}deg )',
],
];
$controls['brightness'] = [
'label' => esc_html_x( 'Brightness', 'Filter Control', 'elementor' ),
'type' => Controls_Manager::SLIDER,
'render_type' => 'ui',
'required' => 'true',
'default' => [
'size' => 100,
],
'range' => [
'px' => [
'min' => 0,
'max' => 200,
],
],
];
$controls['contrast'] = [
'label' => esc_html_x( 'Contrast', 'Filter Control', 'elementor' ),
'type' => Controls_Manager::SLIDER,
'render_type' => 'ui',
'required' => 'true',
'default' => [
'size' => 100,
],
'range' => [
'px' => [
'min' => 0,
'max' => 200,
],
],
];
$controls['saturate'] = [
'label' => esc_html_x( 'Saturation', 'Filter Control', 'elementor' ),
'type' => Controls_Manager::SLIDER,
'render_type' => 'ui',
'required' => 'true',
'default' => [
'size' => 100,
],
'range' => [
'px' => [
'min' => 0,
'max' => 200,
],
],
];
$controls['hue'] = [
'label' => esc_html_x( 'Hue', 'Filter Control', 'elementor' ),
'type' => Controls_Manager::SLIDER,
'render_type' => 'ui',
'required' => 'true',
'default' => [
'size' => 0,
],
'range' => [
'px' => [
'min' => 0,
'max' => 360,
],
],
];
return $controls;
}
/**
* Get default options.
*
* Retrieve the default options of the CSS filter control. Used to return the
* default options while initializing the CSS filter control.
*
* @since 2.1.0
* @access protected
*
* @return array Default CSS filter control options.
*/
protected function get_default_options() {
return [
'popover' => [
'starter_name' => 'css_filter',
'starter_title' => esc_html__( 'CSS Filters', 'elementor' ),
'settings' => [
'render_type' => 'ui',
],
],
];
}
}
``` |
Crystal skulls are human skull hardstone carvings made of clear or milky white quartz (also called "rock crystal"), claimed to be pre-Columbian Mesoamerican artifacts by their alleged finders; however, these claims have been refuted for all of the specimens made available for scientific studies. The results of these studies demonstrated that those examined were manufactured in the mid-19th century or later, almost certainly in Europe, during a time when interest in ancient culture abounded. The skulls appear to have been crafted in Germany, quite likely at workshops in the town of Idar-Oberstein, which was renowned for crafting objects made from imported Brazilian quartz in the late 19th century.
Despite some claims presented in an assortment of popularizing literature, legends of crystal skulls with mystical powers do not figure in genuine Mesoamerican or other Native American mythologies and spiritual accounts. The skulls are often claimed to exhibit paranormal phenomena by some members of the New Age movement, and have often been portrayed as such in fiction. Crystal skulls have been a popular subject appearing in numerous science fiction television series, novels, films, and video games.
Collections
Trade in fake pre-Columbian artifacts developed during the late 19th century to the extent that in 1886, Smithsonian archaeologist William Henry Holmes wrote an article called "The Trade in Spurious Mexican Antiquities" for Science. Although museums had acquired skulls earlier, it was Eugène Boban, an antiquities dealer who opened his shop in Paris in 1870, who is most associated with 19th-century museum collections of crystal skulls. Most of Boban's collection, including three crystal skulls, was sold to the ethnographer Alphonse Pinart, who donated the collection to the Trocadéro Museum, which later became the Musée de l'Homme.
Research
Many crystal skulls are claimed to be pre-Columbian, usually attributed to the Aztec or Maya civilizations. Mesoamerican art has numerous representations of skulls, but none of the skulls in museum collections come from documented excavations. Research carried out on several crystal skulls at the British Museum in 1967, 1996 and 2004 shows that the indented lines marking the teeth (for these skulls had no separate jawbone, unlike the Mitchell-Hedges skull) were carved using jeweler's equipment (rotary tools) developed in the 19th century, making a pre-Columbian origin untenable.
The type of crystal was determined by examination of chlorite inclusions. It is only found in Madagascar and Brazil, and thus unobtainable or unknown within pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. The study concluded that the skulls were crafted in the 19th century in Germany, quite likely at workshops in the town of Idar-Oberstein, which was renowned for crafting objects made from imported Brazilian quartz in the late 19th century.
It has been established that the crystal skulls in the British Museum and Paris's Musée de l'Homme were originally sold by the French antiquities dealer Eugène Boban, who was operating in Mexico City between 1860 and 1880. The British Museum crystal skull transited through New York's Tiffany & Co., while the Musée de l'Homme's crystal skull was donated by Alphonse Pinart, an ethnographer who had bought it from Boban.
In 1992 the Smithsonian Institution investigated a crystal skull provided by an anonymous source; the source claimed to have purchased it in Mexico City in 1960, and that it was of Aztec origin. The investigation concluded that this skull also was made recently. According to the Smithsonian, Boban acquired his crystal skulls from sources in Germany, aligning with conclusions made by the British Museum.
The Journal of Archaeological Science published a detailed study by the British Museum and the Smithsonian in May 2008. Using electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, a team of British and American researchers found that the British Museum skull was worked with a harsh abrasive substance such as corundum or diamond, and shaped using a rotary disc tool made from some suitable metal. The Smithsonian specimen had been worked with a different abrasive, namely silicon carbide (carborundum), a silicon-carbon compound which is a synthetic substance manufactured using modern industrial techniques. Since the synthesis of carborundum dates only to the 1890s and its wider availability to the 20th century, the researchers concluded "[t]he suggestion is that it was made in the 1950s or later".
Individual skulls
British Museum skull
The crystal skull of the British Museum first appeared in 1881, in the shop of the Paris antiquarian, Eugène Boban. Its origin was not stated in his catalogue of the time. He is said to have tried to sell it to Mexico's national museum as an Aztec artifact, but was unsuccessful. Boban later moved his business to New York City, where the skull was sold to George H. Sisson. It was exhibited at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in New York City in 1887 by George F. Kunz. It was sold at auction, and bought by Tiffany and Co., who later sold it at cost to the British Museum in 1897.
This skull is very similar to the Mitchell-Hedges skull, although it is less detailed and does not have a movable lower jaw.
The British Museum catalogues the skull's provenance as "probably European, 19th century AD" and describes it as "not an authentic pre-Columbian artefact".
It has been established that this skull was made with modern tools, and that it is not authentic.
Mitchell-Hedges skull
Perhaps the most famous and enigmatic skull was allegedly discovered in 1924 by Anna Mitchell-Hedges, adopted daughter of British adventurer and popular author F. A. Mitchell-Hedges. It is the subject of a video documentary made in 1990, Crystal Skull of Lubaantun. It was examined and described by Smithsonian researchers as "very nearly a replica of the British Museum skullalmost exactly the same shape, but with more detailed modeling of the eyes and the teeth".
Mitchell-Hedges claimed that she found the skull buried under a collapsed altar inside a temple in Lubaantun, in British Honduras, now Belize. As far as can be ascertained, F.A. Mitchell-Hedges himself made no mention of the alleged discovery in any of his writings on Lubaantun. Others present at the time of the excavation recorded neither the skull's discovery nor Anna's presence at the dig. Recent evidence has come to light showing that F.A. Mitchell-Hedges purchased the skull at a Sotheby's auction in London on October 15, 1943, from London art dealer Sydney Burney. In December 1943, F. A. Mitchell-Hedges disclosed his purchase of the skull in a letter to his brother, stating plainly that he acquired it from Burney.
The skull is made from a block of clear quartz about the size of a small human cranium, measuring some high, long and wide. The lower jaw is detached. In the early 1970s it came under the temporary care of freelance art restorer Frank Dorland, who claimed upon inspecting it that it had been "carved" with total disregard to the natural crystal axis, and without the use of metal tools. Dorland reported being unable to find any tell-tale scratch marks, except for traces of mechanical grinding on the teeth, and he speculated that it was first chiseled into rough form, probably using diamonds, and the finer shaping, grinding and polishing was achieved through the use of sand over a period of 150 to 300 years. He said it could be up to 12,000 years old. Although various claims have been made over the years regarding the skull's physical properties, such as an allegedly constant temperature of 70 °F (21 °C), Dorland reported that there was no difference in properties between it and other natural quartz crystals.
While in Dorland's care the skull came to the attention of writer Richard Garvin, at the time working at an advertising agency where he supervised Hewlett-Packard's advertising account. Garvin made arrangements for the skull to be examined at Hewlett-Packard's crystal laboratories in Santa Clara, California, where it was subjected to several tests. The labs determined only that it was not a composite as Dorland had supposed, but that it was fashioned from a single crystal of quartz. The laboratory test also established that the lower jaw had been fashioned from the same left-handed growing crystal as the rest of the skull. No investigation was made by Hewlett-Packard as to its method of manufacture or dating.
As well as the traces of mechanical grinding on the teeth noted by Dorland, Mayanist archaeologist Norman Hammond reported that the holes (presumed to be intended for support pegs) showed signs of being made by drilling with metal. Anna Mitchell-Hedges refused subsequent requests to submit the skull for further scientific testing.
The earliest published reference to the skull is the July 1936 issue of the British anthropological journal Man, where it is described as being in the possession of Sydney Burney, a London art dealer who was said to have owned it since 1933, and from whom evidence suggests F.A. Mitchell-Hedges purchased it.
F. A. Mitchell-Hedges mentioned the skull only briefly in the first edition of his autobiography, Danger My Ally (1954), without specifying where or by whom it was found. He merely claimed that "it is at least 3,600 years old and according to legend it was used by the High Priest of the Maya when he was performing esoteric rites. It is said that when he willed death with the help of the skull, death invariably followed". All subsequent editions of Danger My Ally omitted mention of the skull entirely.
In a 1970 letter Anna also stated that she was "told by the few remaining Maya that the skull was used by the high priest to will death". For this reason, the artifact is sometimes referred to as "The Skull of Doom". Anna Mitchell-Hedges toured with the skull from 1967 exhibiting it on a pay-per-view basis. Somewhere between 1988 and 1990 she toured with the skull. She continued to grant interviews about the artifact until her death.
In her last eight years, Anna Mitchell-Hedges lived in Chesterton, Indiana, with Bill Homann, whom she married in 2002. She died on April 11, 2007. Since that time the Mitchell-Hedges Skull has been owned by Homann. He continues to believe in its mystical properties.
In November 2007, Homann took the skull to the office of anthropologist Jane MacLaren Walsh, in the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History for examination. Walsh carried out a detailed examination of the skull using ultraviolet light, a high-powered light microscope, and computerized tomography. Homann took the skull to the museum again in 2008 so it could be filmed for a Smithsonian Networks documentary, Legend of the Crystal Skull, and on this occasion, Walsh was able to take two sets of silicone molds of surface tool marks for scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The SEM micrographs revealed evidence that the crystal had been worked with a high speed, hard metal rotary tool coated with a hard abrasive, such as diamond. Walsh's extensive research on artifacts from Mexico and Central America showed that pre-contact artisans carved stone by abrading the surface with stone or wooden tools, and in later pre-Columbian times, copper tools, in combination with a variety of abrasive sands or pulverized stone. These examinations led Walsh to the conclusion that the skull was probably carved in the 1930s, and was most likely based on the British Museum skull which had been exhibited fairly continuously from 1898.
In the National Geographic Channel documentary, "The Truth Behind the Crystal Skulls", forensic artist Gloria Nusse performed a forensic facial reconstruction over a replica of the skull. According to Nusse, the resulting face had female and European characteristics. As it was hypothesized that the Crystal Skull was a replica of an actual human skull, the conclusion was that it could not have been created by ancient Americans.
Paris skull
The largest of the three skulls sold by Eugène Boban to Alphonse Pinart (sometimes called the Paris Skull), about high, has a hole drilled vertically through its center. It is part of a collection held at the Musée du Quai Branly, and was subjected to scientific tests carried out in 2007–08 by France's national Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (Centre for Research and Restoration of the Museums in France, or C2RMF). After a series of analyses carried out over three months, C2RMF engineers concluded that it was "certainly not pre-Columbian, it shows traces of polishing and abrasion by modern tools". Particle accelerator tests also revealed occluded traces of water that were dated to the 19th century, and the Quai Branly released a statement that the tests "seem to indicate that it was made late in the 19th century".
In 2009 the C2RMF researchers published results of further investigations to establish when the Paris skull had been carved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated the use of lapidary machine tools in its carving. The results of a new dating technique known as quartz hydration dating (QHD) demonstrated that the Paris skull had been carved later than a reference quartz specimen artifact, known to have been cut in 1740. The researchers conclude that the SEM and QHD results combined with the skull's known provenance indicate it was carved in the 18th or 19th century.
Smithsonian Skull
The "Smithsonian Skull", Catalogue No. A562841-0 in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, was mailed to the Smithsonian Institution anonymously in 1992, and was claimed to be an Aztec object by its donor and was purportedly from the collection of Porfirio Diaz. It is the largest of the skulls, weighing and is high. It was carved using carborundum, a modern abrasive. It has been displayed as a modern fake at the National Museum of Natural History.
Paranormal claims and spiritual associations
Some individuals believe in the paranormal claim that crystal skulls can produce a variety of miracles. Anna Mitchell-Hedges claimed that the skull she allegedly discovered could cause visions and cure cancer, that she once used its magical properties to kill a man, and that in another instance, she saw in it a premonition of the John F. Kennedy assassination.
In the 1931 play The Satin Slipper by Paul Claudel, King Philip II of Spain uses "a death's head made from a single piece of rock crystal", lit by "a ray of the setting sun", to see the defeat of the Spanish Armada in its attack on the Kingdom of England.
Claims of the healing and supernatural powers of crystal skulls have had no support in the scientific community, which has found no evidence of any unusual phenomena associated with the skulls nor any reason for further investigation, other than the confirmation of their provenance and method of manufacture.
Another novel and historically unfounded speculation ties in the legend of the crystal skulls with the completion of the previous Maya calendar b'ak'tun-cycle on December 21, 2012, claiming the re-uniting of the thirteen mystical skulls will forestall a catastrophe allegedly predicted or implied by the ending of this calendar (see 2012 phenomenon). An airing of this claim appeared (among an assortment of others made) in The Mystery of the Crystal Skulls, a 2008 program produced for the Sci Fi Channel in May and shown on Discovery Channel Canada in June. Interviewees included Richard Hoagland, who attempted to link the skulls and the Maya to life on Mars, and David Hatcher Childress, proponent of lost Atlantean civilizations and anti-gravity claims.
Crystal skulls are also referred to by author Drunvalo Melchizedek in his book Serpent of Light. He writes that he came across indigenous Mayan descendants in possession of crystal skulls at ceremonies at temples in the Yucatán, which he writes contained souls of ancient Mayans who had entered the skulls to await the time when their ancient knowledge would once again be required.
The alleged associations and origins of crystal skull mythology in Native American spiritual lore, as advanced by neoshamanic writers such as Jamie Sams, are similarly discounted. Instead, as Philip Jenkins notes, crystal skull mythology may be traced back to the "baroque legends" initially spread by F.A. Mitchell-Hedges, and then afterwards taken up:
By the 1970s, the crystal skulls [had] entered New Age mythology as potent relics of ancient Atlantis, and they even acquired a canonical number: there were exactly thirteen skulls.
None of this would have anything to do with North American Indian matters, if the skulls had not attracted the attention of some of the most active New Age writers.
See also
Crystal skulls in popular culture
Notes
References
External links
At the British Museum:
1881 archaeological discoveries
1881 sculptures
19th-century hoaxes
Anonymous works
Archaeological forgeries
Collection of the Smithsonian Institution
Birkenfeld (district)
Collection of the British Museum
Culture of Rhineland-Palatinate
German sculpture
Hardstone carving
Pseudoarchaeology
Quartz
Skulls in art |
The Torch River is a short river in the Northern Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. At in length, the river connects Torch Lake to Lake Skegemog, and is a crucial link in the Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed. The river is divided along its entire length between Antrim and Kalkaska counties. The northern source of the river is home to a DNR Access Site.
See also
Elk Lake
References
Northern Michigan
Rivers of Michigan
Rivers of Antrim County, Michigan
Rivers of Kalkaska County, Michigan
Geography of Antrim County, Michigan
Geography of Kalkaska County, Michigan
Tributaries of Lake Michigan |
Mimico Creek is a stream that flows through Brampton, Mississauga and Toronto in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. It is long, is in the Great Lakes Basin, and is a tributary of Lake Ontario.
The creek's name is derived from the community of Mimico, which is from the Ojibwe word omiimiikaa meaning "abundant with wild pigeons" (c.f. 19th century Mississaugas omiimii, "pigeon"). Previous names included River Mimicoke and Mimicoke Creek.
Course
The watershed of lies between the Humber River to the east and Etobicoke Creek to the west.
The creek begins in Brampton, and flows through the community of Malton (now part of Mississauga);
it continues southeast, past Toronto Pearson International Airport; and through a shallow valley surrounded by the urban neighbourhoods of Islington and Mimico. The creek is often encased in a concrete spillway to contain the fast flowing water that occurs during rainstorms. Mimico Creek crosses Bloor Street near the Islington Subway Station, and empties into Lake Ontario about west of the mouth of the Humber River.
Originally the creek had dozens of small tributary streams, the largest of which was Bonar Creek, that joined Mimico Creek near its mouth. Most of the tributaries were less than one kilometre long.
Recreation
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Humber Bay Park was constructed at the mouth of Mimico Creek. The park consists of two headlands, built using landfill from local construction projects that flank the mouth. As a result, Mimico Creek is sometimes mistaken for the Humber River.
Mimico Creek Bridge
In 1994 Mimico Creek Bridge opened to allow pedestrians to access both east and west sections of the park. It is designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava.
See also
List of rivers of Ontario
References
Rivers of Toronto
Tributaries of Lake Ontario |
Pustula is the genus name of:
Pustula (brachiopod), an extinct genus of brachiopods.
Pustula (protist), a genus of Oomycetes. |
Efstratios Grivas (born March 30, 1966) is a Greek chess player who holds the titles of Grandmaster, FIDE Senior Trainer, International Arbiter, and FIDE International Organizer.
Early years
He was born in Egio, Achaia and grew up in Athens, in the neighbourhood of Kallithea, as his family moved to the Greek capital in 1970. His registration at the Kallithea Chess Club in 1979 was his first contact with chess. Two years later he won the Greek Cadet Championship, under the guidance of FM Panagiotis Drepaniotis (1979–1981).
He wrote the book "The Grivas Sicilian".
Chess career
A relatively late starter, Grivas was taught how to play at a chess club when he was 13 years old. He was later trained by IM Dr. Nikolai Minev (1981–1982), FM Michalis Kaloskambis (1984–1986), GM Efim Geller (1987–1988) and IM Nikolai Andrianov (1990–1996). He took part in a FIDE training camp in Moscow in 1984.
Grivas has played in Greece for the following clubs: Kallithea Chess Club (1979–1994), OAA “Iraklion” (1995–1998), Kavala Chess Club (1999), AO “Kydon” Khania (2000–2005) and A.E.K. (2006-).
From 1982 until 1999 he represented Greece 186 times (12 in the National Junior Team and 174 in the National Men's Team), having participated in eight Olympiads (1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998), three European Team Chess Championships (1989, 1992, 1997), and twelve Balkaniads (1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994).
His greatest success was winning the Silver Individual Medal (on 3rd board) at the 33rd Chess Olympiad in 1998. Other important successes were the Gold Individual Medal (on the 3rd board) at the European Team Championship in 1989, 4th place at the World Junior Chess Championship in 1985, 1st place at the 1987 Munich international tournament (320 participants), 11th individual place (on the 4th board) at the 32nd Chess Olympiad in 1996, qualification of his club (OAA “Iraklion”) to Europe's best 16 clubs in 1997 (European Club Cup)
He scored the following at international tournaments: 3rd in Paris 1982, 1st in Cap d'Agde 1983, 2nd in Karditsa 1984, 3rd in Bucharest 1984, 2nd in Strasbourg 1985, 2nd in Munich 1986, 3rd in Xanthi 1991, 2nd in Gausdal 1993, 3rd in Reykjavík 1994, 2nd in Limassol 1997, 1st in Hellexpo-Sportexpo 2001.
His handles on the Internet Chess Club are "E-Grivas" and "Gref".
Author
From 1982 on he successfully worked as a journalist in newspapers and magazines (in Greek and in English). Between January 1992 and September 1999 he was editor-in-chief and main contributor of the monthly magazine of the Greek Chess Federation, Greek Chess.
In 2010 he was awarded the Boleslavsky Medal (best author) for 2009.
Administrator and organizer
He was a founding member of the Association of Top Greek Chessplayers (1995) and has since been a member of its Policy Board (Executive Secretary 1996-1997 and Vice-President since 1998). From 1996 until 1999 he held the position of Greek Chess Federation Technical Advisor. Finally, he served as a member of FIDE's Players’ Council (1998–2002). He holds the titles of FIDE International Organizer (was a co-organizer of the 1999 European Youth Chess Championships in Litochoro Pierias with more than 1000 participants) and FIDE International Arbiter, titles that are awarded according to specific requirements and are not honorary.
Trainer
His work in this field includes more than 12000 hours of training in many clubs, especially with younger players. From 1986 to 1991 he was the Federal Trainer of the National Juniors Team. During the period 1989–1990 he was the Trainer of the DEI Macedonia-Thrace Chess Academy, while during 1996–1998 and 2002–2004 he held the same position in Pnevmatiki Stegi Peristeriou Chess Club and finally during 2002–2005 he worked with Koropi Sports & Chess Club as well. In 2001–2002 he worked as a professor at the Institute of Professional Education in Peristeri and as External Contributor with O.E.E.K. (Sports Department - Chess Trainer Faculty) while from 2001–2004 he also offered his chess services to the Military Officers’ Academy.
In 2004 Grivas was awarded the title of FIDE Senior Trainer.
Notable games
Efstratios Grivas vs Nigel Short, Ol. 1986, Queen's Gambit Declined: Tartakower Defense (D58), 1-0
Efstratios Grivas vs Vladimir Tukmakov, Kavala op 1991, Queen's Indian Defense: Classical Variation (E17), 1-0
Efstratios Grivas vs Zhaoqin Peng, Corus (Group C) 2008, Zukertort Opening: Queen Pawn Defense (A06), 1-0
Efstratios Grivas vs Arik Braun, Corus (Group C) 2008, Slav Defense: Breyer Variation (D11), 1-0
Books
A Complete Guide to the Grivas Sicilian (2005, Gambit Publications; )
Beating the Fianchetto Defences (2006, Gambit; )
Chess College 1: Strategy (2006, Gambit; )
Chess College 2: Pawn Play (2006, Gambit; )
Chess College 3: Technique (2006, Gambit; )
Modern Chess Planning (2007, Gambit; )
Practical Endgame Play - mastering the basics (2008, Everyman Chess; )
Openings
Ispaniki Partida (in Greek, 1987, Kaissa Chess Center)
A Complete Guide to the Grivas Sicilian (2005, Gambit; )
Beating the Fianchetto Defences (2006, Gambit; )
SOS - Secrets of Opening Surprises 13 (2011, Interchess BV (New In Chess; )
Grivas Opening Laboratory - Volume 1 (2019, Chess Evolution Kft; )
Grivas Opening Laboratory - Volume 2 (2020, Chess Evolution; )
Grivas Opening Laboratory - Volume 3 (2020, Chess Evolution; )
Grivas Opening Laboratory - Volume 4 (2020, Chess Evolution; )
Grivas Opening Laboratory - Volume 5 (2020, Chess Evolution; )
Grivas Opening Laboratory - Volume 6 (2021, Chess Evolution; )
Grivas Opening Laboratory - Volume 7 (2021, Chess Evolution; )
The Modernized Grivas Sicilian (2022, Thinkers Publishing; )
The Grivas Anti-Sicilian Bible (2022, Thinkers; )
References
External links
Exclusive Video Interview
Efstratios Grivas at 365Chess.com
Official Website
Interview
1966 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Chess coaches
Greek chess players
Greek non-fiction writers
Chess writers
Chess officials
Chess arbiters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Sportspeople from Athens
20th-century Greek people |
Laguna Mirim or Gaiba Mirim is a lake in Germán Busch Province, Bolivia and Mato Grosso, Brazil, being on the southern end of Bolivia's border with Brazil. Its surface area is 15.8 km2.
The nearest major city is Bolivia's Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Lakes of Brazil
Bolivia–Brazil border
International lakes of South America
Landforms of Mato Grosso
Lakes of Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia) |
Kirsten Blair (born 29 July 1984) is a South African former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm medium. She appeared in two One Day Internationals for South Africa in 2007, both against Pakistan. She played domestic cricket for Easterns and Gauteng, as well as appearing in one tour match for Northerns.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Boksburg
Cricketers from Gauteng
South African women cricketers
South Africa women One Day International cricketers
Easterns women cricketers
Northerns women cricketers
Central Gauteng women cricketers |
```less
/*
* Skin: Red
* ---------
*/
@import "../../bootstrap/mixins.less";
@import "../../bootstrap/variables.less";
@import "../variables.less";
@import "../mixins.less";
@skin-color: @red;
.skin-red {
//Navbar
.main-header {
.navbar {
.navbar-variant(@skin-color; #fff);
.sidebar-toggle {
color: #fff;
&:hover {
background-color: darken(@skin-color, 5%);
}
}
@media (max-width: @screen-header-collapse) {
.dropdown-menu {
li {
&.divider {
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}
a {
color: #fff;
&:hover {
background: darken(@skin-color, 5%);
}
}
}
}
}
}
//Logo
.logo {
.logo-variant(darken(@skin-color, 5%));
}
li.user-header {
background-color: @skin-color;
}
}
//Content Header
.content-header {
background: transparent;
}
//Create the sidebar skin
.skin-dark-sidebar(@skin-color);
// Navbar Search Form
.navbar-search-form {
.tt-menu {
h3 {
background: lighten(@skin-color, 25%);
}
.tt-suggestion:hover {
background-color: @skin-color
}
.tt-suggestion.tt-cursor {
background-color: @skin-color
}
}
}
// Message User Widget Header
#msg-userinfo {
.widget-user {
.widget-user-header {
background-color: darken(@skin-color, 5%);
color: #FFF;
}
}
}
}
``` |
```xml
export const INTEGRATION_NAME = 'googlecalendar'
``` |
Feudal aid is the legal term for one of the financial duties required of a feudal tenant or vassal to his lord. Variations on the feudal aid were collected in England, France, Germany and Italy during the Middle Ages, although the exact circumstances varied.
Origin
The term originated in the late 11th century, and it first appears in northern France, in the County of Anjou. It was a payment made by the tenant or vassal to the lord on certain occasions, usually the knighting of the lord's eldest son and the marriage of his eldest daughter. Occasionally it was collected when the lord needed to pay a ransom after being captured. Sometimes a fourth occasion was added to the customary list: when the lord went on Crusade. Other times when aids might be demanded were when the lord himself was being taxed by his own superiors. At those times, the lord might try to pass the demand on to his own vassals.
The growth of the custom sprang from the traditional obligation of the vassal to render aid and counsel to his lord. At first, this was physical aid in the form of military service and attendance at the lord's court, but gradually it came to include financial aid to the lord as well. As it became obligatory to give monetary gifts to the lord, it also became limited by custom to set occasions.
In France
The first recorded royal feudal aid levied in France was that of 1137. This was assessed by King Louis VI in order to pay for the marriage of his heir, the future Louis VII, to Eleanor of Aquitaine. Another aid was levied in 1147 by Louis VII to pay for his crusade. The kings of France continued to collect aids for crusading under Philip II and Louis IX. Under Philip IV, the payment of aids was extended to under vassals as well as towns.
In England
The custom of collecting aids arose in northern France, and was brought to England following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. There, the three customary occasions for the collection of aid came to be the knighting of the eldest son, the marriage of the eldest daughter and when the lord needed to be ransomed. Custom also limited the amount that could be collected at each occasion. The English kings after the Conquest exploited their rights to aids extensively, although Henry I promised in his coronation charter to respect custom in the amounts and times he collected them. Records from the Pipe Rolls, however, show that Henry continued to exact more than custom allowed. Under Henry II, the royal government needed ever greater sums of money to operate, so it continued the practice of extorting the aids whenever possible for as much as possible. The 1168 aid for the marriage of Henry II's daughter was not only assessed on the nobles, but collected from the towns and from the royal lands also.
In England, Magna Carta limited the occasions on which a lord might impose an aid. Chapter XII of Magna Carta dealt with aids, limiting the ones that the king could collect to the three customary ones unless the barons agreed to the imposition of non-customary ones. Chapter XV then regulated the aids that the barons themselves could impose on their vassals, and stipulated that the king could not grant a license allowing a baron to impose a non-customary aid on his vassals.
Many examples of English Feudal Aids were published in Inquisitions and Assessments Relating to Feudal Aids, with Other Analogous Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, A.D. 1284-1431, 6 vols. (1899–1920). These volumes are arranged by traditional counties and includes some examples that were not strictly aids
In Germany and Italy
Although gifts from vassals to lords happened in the German empire, they do not appear to have become compulsory nor have been institutionalized into formalized occasions when they were required. However, aids for the customary occasions were sometimes collected from German towns in the 12th and 13th centuries, as they are mentioned in town charters.
In Italy, the custom of feudal aids appears to have been introduced by the Normans when they conquered Sicily and southern Italy. Evidence for feudal aids in the northern part of Italy is late, and the custom may have been introduced from France or Sicily.
Similar payments
Aids were distinct from the feudal incidents, which were collected when the vassal died. It was also distinct from the tallage, which was a tax imposed on the towns and the royal lands. Under Henry III, some voluntary taxes came to be called aids, but should not be confused with the feudal aids owed by vassals, which continued to be collected. Bishops sometimes imposed aids, for similar occasions such as making a pilgrimage to Rome or aid the construction of cathedrals and churches.
Problems
The historian Susan Reynolds notes that the evidence for feudal aids only dates from the 11th century, rendering the view that it arose earlier in a requirement of a vassal to give aid to his lord somewhat suspect. She also notes that although the classic view of the aid was that it was raised from holders of fiefs, in reality it was collected from peasants more often than from nobles. The earliest notations of feudal aids being collected do not imply a lord-vassal relationship, which makes some traditional aspects of their early history suspect.
See also
History of the English fiscal system
Citations
References
Economic history of England
Feudal duties
Feudalism
Medieval economics
Medieval English law |
```c++
//your_sha256_hash-----------//
//
// See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for more information.
//your_sha256_hash-----------//
#ifndef BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION_HPP
#define BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION_HPP
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/assert.hpp>
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <boost/function_types/parameter_types.hpp>
#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/for_each.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/size.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/transform.hpp>
#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/add_pointer.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/cl.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/config.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/type_traits/type_name.hpp>
namespace boost {
namespace compute {
namespace detail {
template<class ResultType, class ArgTuple>
class invoked_function
{
public:
typedef ResultType result_type;
BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
size_t, arity = boost::tuples::length<ArgTuple>::value
);
invoked_function(const std::string &name,
const std::string &source)
: m_name(name),
m_source(source)
{
}
invoked_function(const std::string &name,
const std::string &source,
const std::map<std::string, std::string> &definitions)
: m_name(name),
m_source(source),
m_definitions(definitions)
{
}
invoked_function(const std::string &name,
const std::string &source,
const ArgTuple &args)
: m_name(name),
m_source(source),
m_args(args)
{
}
invoked_function(const std::string &name,
const std::string &source,
const std::map<std::string, std::string> &definitions,
const ArgTuple &args)
: m_name(name),
m_source(source),
m_definitions(definitions),
m_args(args)
{
}
std::string name() const
{
return m_name;
}
std::string source() const
{
return m_source;
}
const std::map<std::string, std::string>& definitions() const
{
return m_definitions;
}
const ArgTuple& args() const
{
return m_args;
}
private:
std::string m_name;
std::string m_source;
std::map<std::string, std::string> m_definitions;
ArgTuple m_args;
};
} // end detail namespace
/// \class function
/// \brief A function object.
template<class Signature>
class function
{
public:
/// \internal_
typedef typename
boost::function_traits<Signature>::result_type result_type;
/// \internal_
BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
size_t, arity = boost::function_traits<Signature>::arity
);
/// \internal_
typedef Signature signature;
/// Creates a new function object with \p name.
function(const std::string &name)
: m_name(name)
{
}
/// Destroys the function object.
~function()
{
}
/// \internal_
std::string name() const
{
return m_name;
}
/// \internal_
void set_source(const std::string &source)
{
m_source = source;
}
/// \internal_
std::string source() const
{
return m_source;
}
/// \internal_
void define(std::string name, std::string value = std::string())
{
m_definitions[name] = value;
}
bool operator==(const function<Signature>& other) const
{
return
(m_name == other.m_name)
&& (m_definitions == other.m_definitions)
&& (m_source == other.m_source);
}
bool operator!=(const function<Signature>& other) const
{
return !(*this == other);
}
/// \internal_
detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<> >
operator()() const
{
BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(
arity == 0,
"Non-nullary function invoked with zero arguments"
);
return detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<> >(
m_name, m_source, m_definitions
);
}
/// \internal_
template<class Arg1>
detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<Arg1> >
operator()(const Arg1 &arg1) const
{
BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(
arity == 1,
"Non-unary function invoked one argument"
);
return detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<Arg1> >(
m_name, m_source, m_definitions, boost::make_tuple(arg1)
);
}
/// \internal_
template<class Arg1, class Arg2>
detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<Arg1, Arg2> >
operator()(const Arg1 &arg1, const Arg2 &arg2) const
{
BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(
arity == 2,
"Non-binary function invoked with two arguments"
);
return detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<Arg1, Arg2> >(
m_name, m_source, m_definitions, boost::make_tuple(arg1, arg2)
);
}
/// \internal_
template<class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3>
detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<Arg1, Arg2, Arg3> >
operator()(const Arg1 &arg1, const Arg2 &arg2, const Arg3 &arg3) const
{
BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(
arity == 3,
"Non-ternary function invoked with three arguments"
);
return detail::invoked_function<result_type, boost::tuple<Arg1, Arg2, Arg3> >(
m_name, m_source, m_definitions, boost::make_tuple(arg1, arg2, arg3)
);
}
private:
std::string m_name;
std::string m_source;
std::map<std::string, std::string> m_definitions;
};
/// Creates a function object given its \p name and \p source.
///
/// \param name The function name.
/// \param source The function source code.
///
/// \see BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION()
template<class Signature>
inline function<Signature>
make_function_from_source(const std::string &name, const std::string &source)
{
function<Signature> f(name);
f.set_source(source);
return f;
}
namespace detail {
// given a string containing the arguments declaration for a function
// like: "(int a, const float b)", returns a vector containing the name
// of each argument (e.g. ["a", "b"]).
inline std::vector<std::string> parse_argument_names(const char *arguments)
{
BOOST_ASSERT_MSG(
arguments[0] == '(' && arguments[std::strlen(arguments)-1] == ')',
"Arguments should start and end with parentheses"
);
std::vector<std::string> args;
size_t last_space = 0;
size_t skip_comma = 0;
for(size_t i = 1; i < std::strlen(arguments) - 2; i++){
const char c = arguments[i];
if(c == ' '){
last_space = i;
}
else if(c == ',' && !skip_comma){
std::string name(
arguments + last_space + 1, i - last_space - 1
);
args.push_back(name);
}
else if(c == '<'){
skip_comma++;
}
else if(c == '>'){
skip_comma--;
}
}
std::string last_argument(
arguments + last_space + 1, std::strlen(arguments) - last_space - 2
);
args.push_back(last_argument);
return args;
}
struct signature_argument_inserter
{
signature_argument_inserter(std::stringstream &s_, const char *arguments, size_t last)
: s(s_)
{
n = 0;
m_last = last;
m_argument_names = parse_argument_names(arguments);
BOOST_ASSERT_MSG(
m_argument_names.size() == last,
"Wrong number of arguments"
);
}
template<class T>
void operator()(const T*)
{
s << type_name<T>() << " " << m_argument_names[n];
if(n+1 < m_last){
s << ", ";
}
n++;
}
size_t n;
size_t m_last;
std::stringstream &s;
std::vector<std::string> m_argument_names;
};
template<class Signature>
inline std::string make_function_declaration(const char *name, const char *arguments)
{
typedef typename
boost::function_traits<Signature>::result_type result_type;
typedef typename
boost::function_types::parameter_types<Signature>::type parameter_types;
typedef typename
mpl::size<parameter_types>::type arity_type;
std::stringstream s;
s << "inline " << type_name<result_type>() << " " << name;
s << "(";
if(arity_type::value > 0){
signature_argument_inserter i(s, arguments, arity_type::value);
mpl::for_each<
typename mpl::transform<parameter_types, boost::add_pointer<mpl::_1>
>::type>(i);
}
s << ")";
return s.str();
}
struct argument_list_inserter
{
argument_list_inserter(std::stringstream &s_, const char first, size_t last)
: s(s_)
{
n = 0;
m_last = last;
m_name = first;
}
template<class T>
void operator()(const T*)
{
s << type_name<T>() << " " << m_name++;
if(n+1 < m_last){
s << ", ";
}
n++;
}
size_t n;
size_t m_last;
char m_name;
std::stringstream &s;
};
template<class Signature>
inline std::string generate_argument_list(const char first = 'a')
{
typedef typename
boost::function_types::parameter_types<Signature>::type parameter_types;
typedef typename
mpl::size<parameter_types>::type arity_type;
std::stringstream s;
s << '(';
if(arity_type::value > 0){
argument_list_inserter i(s, first, arity_type::value);
mpl::for_each<
typename mpl::transform<parameter_types, boost::add_pointer<mpl::_1>
>::type>(i);
}
s << ')';
return s.str();
}
// used by the BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION() macro to create a function
// with the given signature, name, arguments, and source.
template<class Signature>
inline function<Signature>
make_function_impl(const char *name, const char *arguments, const char *source)
{
std::stringstream s;
s << make_function_declaration<Signature>(name, arguments);
s << source;
return make_function_from_source<Signature>(name, s.str());
}
} // end detail namespace
} // end compute namespace
} // end boost namespace
/// Creates a function object with \p name and \p source.
///
/// \param return_type The return type for the function.
/// \param name The name of the function.
/// \param arguments A list of arguments for the function.
/// \param source The OpenCL C source code for the function.
///
/// The function declaration and signature are automatically created using
/// the \p return_type, \p name, and \p arguments macro parameters.
///
/// The source code for the function is interpreted as OpenCL C99 source code
/// which is stringified and passed to the OpenCL compiler when the function
/// is invoked.
///
/// For example, to create a function which squares a number:
/// \code
/// BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION(float, square, (float x),
/// {
/// return x * x;
/// });
/// \endcode
///
/// And to create a function which sums two numbers:
/// \code
/// BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION(int, sum_two, (int x, int y),
/// {
/// return x + y;
/// });
/// \endcode
///
/// \see BOOST_COMPUTE_CLOSURE()
#ifdef BOOST_COMPUTE_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
#define BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION(return_type, name, arguments, source)
#else
#define BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION(return_type, name, arguments, ...) \
::boost::compute::function<return_type arguments> name = \
::boost::compute::detail::make_function_impl<return_type arguments>( \
#name, #arguments, #__VA_ARGS__ \
)
#endif
#endif // BOOST_COMPUTE_FUNCTION_HPP
``` |
```kotlin
package com.mattermost.rnshare.helpers
import android.content.Context
import android.net.Uri
import android.provider.DocumentsContract
import android.provider.OpenableColumns
import android.text.TextUtils
import android.util.Log
import java.io.File
import java.io.FileInputStream
import java.io.FileOutputStream
import java.io.IOException
object RealPathUtil {
const val CACHE_DIR_NAME: String = "mmShare"
init {
deleteTempFiles(File(CACHE_DIR_NAME))
}
fun getRealPathFromURI(context:Context, uri:Uri?): String? {
if (uri == null) {
return null
}
// DocumentProvider
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
val docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri)
val split = docId.split((":").toRegex()).dropLastWhile { it.isEmpty() }.toTypedArray()
val type = split[0]
if ("primary".equals(type, ignoreCase = true)) {
return context.getExternalFilesDir(split[1])?.absolutePath
}
} else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
// DownloadsProvider
val id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri)
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(id)) {
if (id.startsWith("raw:")) {
return id.replaceFirst(("raw:").toRegex(), "")
}
try {
return getPathFromSavingTempFile(context, uri)
} catch (e:NumberFormatException) {
Log.e("ReactNative", "DownloadsProvider unexpected uri $uri")
return null
}
}
}
else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
// MediaProvider
return getPathFromSavingTempFile(context, uri)
}
}
if ("content".equals(uri.scheme, ignoreCase = true)) {
// MediaStore (and general)
if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri)) {
return uri.lastPathSegment
}
// Try save to tmp file, and return tmp file path
return getPathFromSavingTempFile(context, uri)
}
else if ("file".equals(uri.scheme, ignoreCase = true)) {
return uri.path
}
return null
}
private fun getPathFromSavingTempFile(context:Context, uri:Uri): String? {
val tmpFile:File
var fileName: String? = null
// Try and get the filename from the Uri
try
{
val returnCursor = context.contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null)
val nameIndex = returnCursor?.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME)
returnCursor?.moveToFirst()
fileName = sanitizeFilename(nameIndex?.let { returnCursor.getString(it) })
returnCursor?.close()
} catch (e:Exception) {
// just continue to get the filename with the last segment of the path
}
try
{
if (fileName == null) {
fileName = sanitizeFilename(uri.lastPathSegment.toString().trim())
}
val cacheDir = File(context.cacheDir, CACHE_DIR_NAME)
if (!cacheDir.exists()) {
cacheDir.mkdirs()
}
tmpFile = File(cacheDir, fileName!!)
tmpFile.createNewFile()
val pfd = context.contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(uri, "r")
val src = FileInputStream(pfd?.fileDescriptor).channel
val dst = FileOutputStream(tmpFile).channel
dst.transferFrom(src, 0, src.size())
src.close()
dst.close()
pfd?.close()
}
catch (ex:IOException) {
return null
}
return tmpFile.absolutePath
}
private fun sanitizeFilename(filename: String?): String? {
if (filename == null) {
return null
}
val f = File(filename)
return f.name
}
private fun isExternalStorageDocument(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents" == uri.authority
}
private fun isDownloadsDocument(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents" == uri.authority
}
private fun isMediaDocument(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents" == uri.authority
}
private fun isGooglePhotosUri(uri:Uri):Boolean {
return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content" == uri.authority
}
fun getExtension(uri: String?): String? {
if (uri == null) {
return null
}
val dot = uri.lastIndexOf(".")
return if (dot >= 0)
{
uri.substring(dot)
} else {
// No extension.
""
}
}
fun getMimeTypeFromUri(context: Context, uri: Uri): String? {
try {
val cR = context.contentResolver
return cR.getType(uri)
} catch (e: java.lang.Exception) {
return "application/octet-stream"
}
}
fun deleteTempFiles(dir: File) {
try
{
if (dir.isDirectory) {
deleteRecursive(dir)
}
}
catch (e:Exception) {
// do nothing
}
}
private fun deleteRecursive(fileOrDirectory:File) {
if (fileOrDirectory.isDirectory) {
val files = fileOrDirectory.listFiles()
if (files?.size!! > 0) {
for (child in files) {
deleteRecursive(child)
}
}
fileOrDirectory.delete()
}
}
}
``` |
```java
package com.ctrip.xpipe.concurrent;
import com.ctrip.xpipe.api.monitor.EventMonitor;
/**
* @author wenchao.meng
* <p>
* Jan 30, 2018
*/
public class LongTimeAlertTask extends AbstractExceptionLogTask {
private Runnable task;
private long alertMilli;
public LongTimeAlertTask(Runnable task, long alertMilli){
this.task = task;
this.alertMilli = alertMilli;
}
@Override
protected void doRun() throws Exception {
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
task.run();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
long duration = end - begin;
if( duration >= alertMilli){
getLogger().warn("[doRun]{} ms, {}", duration, task);
EventMonitor.DEFAULT.logAlertEvent(String.format("%d ms, %s", duration, task));
}
}
}
``` |
Leighanne Robe (born 26 December 1993) is an English professional football defender who plays for Saudi Premier League club Al-Ittihad.
Club career
Robe joined a boys' football team as a seven-year-old, represented Cambridge City girls, and progressed to playing for Arsenal's youth system. A versatile defender, she joined Watford of the FA WSL 2 in August 2014.
Millwall Lionesses signed Robe for the 2016 FA WSL 2 season. She played in every match and was given a contract extension for the FA WSL Spring Series. She made 42 league appearances, scoring twice for the Lionesses. In June 2018 Robe transferred to Liverpool, whose manager Neil Redfearn said: "Leighanne is a quality, tough-tackling defender who is also a real leader." On the 30th of January 2022, Robe scored her first goals for Liverpool on her 81st appearance by scoring a hat-trick in a FA Cup tie against Lincoln City FC.
She was released by Liverpool at the end of the 2022-23 WSL season.
Al-Ittihad
On 6 October 2023, Robe signed for Saudi Premier League club Al-Ittihad.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Liverpool F.C. Women
FA Women's Championship: 2021–2022:
References
External links
Profile at the Liverpool F.C. website
1993 births
Women's association football defenders
Women's Super League players
English women's footballers
Millwall Lionesses L.F.C. players
Arsenal W.F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. Women players
Watford F.C. Women players
Living people
Footballers from Cambridge |
Belmont is a suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, and is located east of Perth's central business district (CBD) on the southern bank of the Swan River. Its local government area is the City of Belmont.
The suburb, part of a land grant assigned to Captain Francis Henry Byrne in 1831, was believed to have been named Belmont after Byrne's estate in England. The land was purchased by Shepherd Smith of Sydney in 1882, who subdivided it in 1897–1898.
The local government body based in Belmont was originally known as the Belmont Park Road Board.
The suburb was known as "Belmont Park" until being renamed in 1968.
Today, the suburb is mixed-use in character. The western part of the suburb is primarily industrial and commercial, while the east and north are more residential, with various motels and other accommodation along Great Eastern Highway, which forms the suburb's north-western boundary. It contains two public schools—Belmont Primary School, and Belmont City College (formerly Belmont Senior High School)—as well as Centenary Park, Signal Hill Bushland, the Belgravia Residential Estate and a section on the south bank of the Swan River.
Belmont possesses a sister city partnership with Adachi, Tokyo in Japan, which has been in place since October 1984.
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Belmont |
2010 Continental Championships may refer to:
African Championships
Athletics: 2010 African Championships in Athletics
Football (soccer): 2010 Africa Cup of Nations
Football (soccer): 2010 CAF Champions League
Football (soccer): 2010 CAF Confederation Cup
Asian Championships
Football (soccer): AFC Champions League 2010
Multisport: 2010 Asian Games
Multisport: 2010 Asian Beach Games
European Championships
Aquatics: 2010 European Aquatics Championships
Athletics: 2010 European Athletics Championships
Darts: 2010 European Championship Darts
Figure Skating: 2010 European Figure Skating Championships
Fistball: 2010 European Men's Fistball Championship
Football (soccer): 2009–10 UEFA Champions League
Football (soccer): 2009–10 UEFA Europa League
Football (soccer): 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship
Football (soccer): UEFA Women's Champions League 2009–10
Handball: 2010 European Men's Handball Championship
Handball: 2010 European Women's Handball Championship
Pitch and Putt: 2010 Pitch and putt European Championship
Rhythmic Gymnastics: 2010 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
Taekwondo: 2010 European Taekwondo Championships
Volleyball: Men's CEV Champions League 2009-10
Volleyball: Women's CEV Champions League 2009-10
Water Polo: 2010 Men's European Water Polo Championship
Water Polo: 2010 Women's European Water Polo Championship
Weightlifting: 2010 European Weightlifting Championships
Oceanian Championships
Football (soccer): OFC Champions League 2009-10
Swimming: 2010 Oceania Swimming Championships
Pan American Championships / North American Championships
Football (soccer): CONCACAF Champions League 2009-10
Football (soccer): 2010 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup
Judo: 2010 Pan American Judo Championships
South American Championships
Football (soccer): 2010 Copa Libertadores
Multisport: 2010 South American Games
See also
Continental championship (disambiguation)
2010 World Championships (disambiguation)
2010 World Junior Championships (disambiguation)
2010 World Cup (disambiguation) |
Curlett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
William and Alexander Curlett, American architects, father and son
T. Spicer Curlett (1847–1914), American politician |
Spencer Drever (born 2003) is a Canadian actor who is known for appearing, while he was a teenager, as Gordo Nygaard, Lester Nygaard's nephew in Fargo for which he was awarded a Joey Award. He was a recurring cast member on CBC's Strange Empire and also appeared in Olympus on SyFy. Drever lived in Cloverdale, BC while Fargo was in production
Filmography
References
External links
21st-century Canadian male actors
Canadian male child actors
2003 births
Male actors from British Columbia
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian male television actors
People from Surrey, British Columbia
Canadian male film actors
Living people |
The Fazaouro Formation is a fluvial-lacustrine sedimentary fill in the northeast of the Province of Lugo, at the site of the prehistoric depositional ranges of a supposed sedimentary glaciation. The area consists of a valley and ridge topography, with a series of small mounts at roughly ninety degrees to each other. The Fazaouro Formation develops through the extinct and extant current basins that fill the valley of Valadouro & Foz.
References
Geologic formations of Spain
Coal formations
Coal in Spain
Geography of Galicia (Spain) |
```perl6
#########################################################################
# OpenKore - Packet Receiveing
# This module contains functions for Receiveing packets to the server.
#
# This software is open source, licensed under the GNU General Public
# Basically, this means that you're allowed to modify and distribute
# this software. However, if you distribute modified versions, you MUST
# also distribute the source code.
# See path_to_url for the full license.
########################################################################
# Korea (kRO) #bysctnightcore
# The majority of private servers use eAthena, this is a clone of kRO
package Network::Receive::kRO::RagexeRE_2018_01_03a;
use strict;
use base qw(Network::Receive::kRO::RagexeRE_2017_12_27a);
sub new {
my ($class) = @_;
return $class->SUPER::new(@_);
}
1;
``` |
North Coast is an album by the Cleveland based Michael Stanley Band which was released in 1981. It reached No. 79 on the Billboard charts and included the hit Falling in Love Again which reached No. 64 on the Billboard hot singles list. It was the second album for the group on EMI America. The album's title refers to Cleveland, Ohio's "North Coast", which is the city's lakefront district. Stanley also used the term to portray Cleveland as its own "coast," separate from the East Coast and West Coast of the U.S.
Album origin
Following the success of Heartland, the band gathered at the Suma Recording studios in Cleveland, Ohio to record another collection of "solid rock" tunes, as Stanley put it. The album was produced by Eddie Kramer, who worked with the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, KISS, and the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and was mixed at the Electric Lady Studios in Greenwich Village, New York City. Reviewers and Stanley himself claimed the album best approximated how the band sounds when it is performing in concert.
The songs
The album opens with In the Heartland, Stanley's ode to the life of a typical midwestern American. This was also a nod to the band's previous album, Heartland. This was followed by keyboardist Kevin Raleigh's When Your Heart Says It's Right, Stanley/Pelander's Somewhere in the Night, and Stanley's Heaven and Hell, all of which became standards at the band's performances for sold out crowds in the midwest states. One of the most ambitious tracks on the record was the New Wave-sounding Chemistry. The sole hit was "Falling in Love Again" written by Michael Stanley and keyboardist Bob Pelander. It reached No. 64 on the Billboard charts. The B-side was "Does It Hurt". The album concludes with another blue-collar rock anthem, "Let's Hear It."
Weekly charts
Track listing
Personnel
Michael Stanley – guitar, vocals
Gary Markasky – lead guitar
Kevin Raleigh – keyboards, vocals
Michael Gismondi – bass guitar
Tommy Dobeck – drums
Bob Pelander – keyboards, vocals
Rick Bell – saxophone
References
Michael Stanley Band albums
1981 albums
Albums produced by Eddie Kramer
EMI America Records albums |
Brooke Apshkrum (; born September 9, 1999, in Calgary, Alberta) is a Canadians luger.
Career
2015–2016 season
Apshkrum won the gold medal in the girls' singles event at the second Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway.
2017–2018 season
In December 2017, Apshkrum was named to Canada's Olympic team for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Canadian female lugers
Youth Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic lugers for Canada
Lugers at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Lugers from Calgary |
West Havre is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hill County, Montana, United States. The population was 316 at the 2010 census, up from 284 in 2000.
Geography
West Havre is located in eastern Hill County at (48.537996, -109.733872). It is bordered to the east by the city of Havre, and to the west by unincorporated Herron. U.S. Route 2 forms the northern edge of the West Havre CDP, leading east into Havre and west to Shelby. U.S. Route 87 has its northern terminus at US 2 at the northwest corner of West Havre, and leads southwest to Great Falls.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the West Havre CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 284 people, 100 households, and 79 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 103 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.25% White, 1.41% Native American, 1.41% Asian, and 4.93% from two or more races.
There were 100 households, out of which 44.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.0% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.7% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $56,375, and the median income for a family was $57,125. Males had a median income of $48,000 versus $19,519 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,823. None of the families and 2.0% of the population were living below the poverty line.
References
Census-designated places in Hill County, Montana
Census-designated places in Montana |
"It Hurts So Good" is a song written by Phillip Mitchell, and first recorded in 1971 by Katie Love and the Four Shades of Black on the Muscle Shoals Sound label. That version was not a hit, and the song was later recorded more successfully by Millie Jackson, whose 1973 recording was featured in the blaxploitation action film Cleopatra Jones. Hit versions were also recorded by Susan Cadogan and Jimmy Somerville, both titled as "Hurt So Good".
Covers
Millie Jackson version
Millie Jackson's recording charted at #24 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #3 on what was then called R&B Singles. It was used as the title track of her second album, It Hurts So Good.
Charts
Susan Cadogan version
Susan Cadogan released a reggae cover version of the song later that year retitled as "Hurt So Good", which featured bassist Boris Gardiner and the Zap Pow horns. It was released to little effect in Jamaica on Lee Perry's new 'Perries' record label, but was released in the UK by Dennis Harris's DIP International label. Magnet Records picked up the single and it went on to reach the top 5 of the UK Singles Chart, with Cadogan flying to London to promote the single, including a television appearance on Top of the Pops.
Charts
Jimmy Somerville version
Former Bronski Beat lead singer Jimmy Somerville covered the song in 1995, titled on single as "Hurt So Good", while "Hurts So Good" on the respective album. It charted at #15 on the UK Singles Chart.
Charts
Other versions
Luminites, contestants on the seventh series of Britain's Got Talent.
References
1971 songs
1973 singles
1995 singles
Millie Jackson songs
Jimmy Somerville songs
London Records singles
Song recordings produced by Richard Stannard (songwriter)
American reggae songs |
Fort Lupin, also known as Fort de la Charente, is an artillery battery in Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente, in the department of Charente-Maritime, France. It was built in the 1680s to a design by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, and it is now in good condition.
History
Fort Lupin was built on the southern bank of the Charente, and commanded the approach to Rochefort and its arsenal along with Fort Lapointe on the opposite bank of the river.
The first proposal to build a fortification in the area was made in 1672 by the engineer La Favolliere, and it was eventually built between 1683 and 1686. The fort's initial design was made by François Ferry, but the plans were extensively modified by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who reduced its size due to a lack of funds.
The fort consists of a semi-circular gun battery ringed by a parapet with twenty-two embrasures. A tour-réduit and two blockhouses are located at the gorge. The fort is further protected by a ditch, a covertway and a glacis.
Fort Lupin was never attacked, and it never fired its guns in anger. It was decommissioned in the late 19th century, and was subsequently abandoned and vandalized.
The fort was classified as a monument historique on 26 June 1950, and was sold to a private owner in 1964. The owners have restored the fort, and today it is in good condition. It is not open to the public on a regular basis.
Gallery
References
Vauban fortifications in France
Buildings and structures in Charente-Maritime
Monuments historiques of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Buildings and structures completed in 1686
Military installations closed in the 19th century
Artillery batteries
1686 establishments in France |
Jacques de Boutier de la Cardonnie (Villeneuve-sur-Lot, 5 September 1727 — Jérémie, November 1791) was a French Navy officer. He notably served during the War of American Independence.
Biography
La Cardonnie joined the Navy as a volunteer in 1744, and became a Garde-Marine in 1746. He served on Alcyon in the Caribbean and in Canada, and was promoted to Ensign on 17 May 1751.
In 1753, he was accepted as a member of the Académie de Marine. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 17 April 1757, and to Captain in February 1772.
In 1767, La Cardonnie was captain of Bergère. He surveyed the coast of Saint-Domingue. In 1769, he sailed Bergère to Havana, Rochefort, Bordeaux and Saint-Domingue.
La Cardonnie captained the 74-gun Diadème at the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778. She was nominally in the rear-guard of the French fleet, but since the Orvilliers' line was in reverse order, her position at the lead ship of the Third Division of the Blue Squadron made her the first ship of the battle line. After the battle, he was subject of an inquiry for his failure to engage the British. He wrote a memorandum in his defence, but was relieved of command.
In 1779, La Cardonnie had a duel in Paris with his former first officer, Schantz. Schantz was exiled to Sweden as punishment.
In 1780, La Cardonnie captained the 74-gun Actif and cruised off Cadiz and Saint-Vincent. He captured the British Hercule, Wright, master, off Saint-Vincent. La Cardonnie proposed to use Actif for commerce raiding in addition to her usual duties of convoy escort.
Sources and references
Notes
Citations
References
External links
French Navy officers
French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
1727 births
1791 deaths |
Emily Byrd Starr is a fictional character created by Lucy Maud Montgomery and featured in the series of novels including Emily of New Moon, Emily Climbs, and Emily's Quest.
The series takes Emily from age ten to twenty-eight. She starts out a small, dark-haired child with a vivid imagination and passion for writing, and the series closes on her as an adult woman and professional writer. She goes through many difficult times in this period, and deals with near-death experiences, the deaths of those around her, love affairs, psychic experiences, and her quest for fame.
Throughout the three novels of this series, Emily grows up an orphan under the care of her strict, old-fashioned relatives, the Murrays. Emily loves the farm (called New Moon), adores Aunt Laura and "Cousin James "Jimmy" Murray (Emily's mother's first cousin), but has a difficult relationship with her autocratic, yet not unsympathetic, Aunt Elizabeth.
Emily enjoys the stimulating friendship of Dean Priest, a distant relative and former schoolmate of her father, and they are briefly engaged during the final volume of the series. Emily finally marries her childhood sweetheart, Teddy Kent, and her best friend Ilse Burnley is married to another of their friends, Perry Miller, who was also New Moon's hired chore boy in the first volume.
Throughout the series, Emily ponders what it means to be a writer and a woman and has 'very decided ideas of what she was going to make of herself'. Living up to her place as a Murray and a woman of New Moon, she often acts to protect her pride and reputation rather than her happiness.
Series
Background
Emily is the daughter of Douglas Starr, a poor journalist, and Juliet Murray, a woman from an elitist family who would not approve of Juliet's engagement to Douglas and who rejected her when the young couple eloped. Juliet died when Emily was four, and Emily's beloved father dies of consumption at the beginning of the first novel, when Emily is ten. Emily is then taken in by her mother's half-sisters, members of a prominent family in (fictional) Blair Water.
Emily Starr is described as slender, tall, and pale, with black hair and grayish-purple ('smoke-purple') eyes.
Emily of New Moon
Emily is introduced as a ten-year-old living with her ailing and penniless father. Her mother died several years earlier, after a brief illness. When her father dies, Emily is taken in by her mother's family, and she moves to New Moon, her mother's family's ancestral home, in nearby Blair Water. Emily immediately falls in love with New Moon and soon comes to love her guardians, Aunt Elizabeth, Aunt Laura, and Cousin Jimmy (although she always has a difficult relationship with the old-fashioned and unyielding Elizabeth). Other relatives mentioned in the series are Aunt Ruth Dutton, Uncle Wallace Murray and his wife Aunt Eva, Uncle Oliver Murray and Aunt Addie, and two of their children, Jen and Andrew.
Emily, due to her difficult past and her sudden removal to New Moon, experiences something of a culture shock. She eventually makes friends at school (though one of them, Rhoda Stuart, betrays her by revealing that Rhoda is only interested in Emily's social position). At school, Emily meets Ilse Burnley, a neighbour, distant relative, and unconventional tomboy, and they are fast friends throughout the series. She also meets Perry Miller, the hired chore boy at New Moon, and Frederick Kent, known as Teddy, who lives nearby.
Emily Climbs
Emily Climbs picks up exactly where Emily of New Moon left off.
Emily is finally given permission to go to Shrewsbury High School to further her education (and, in her own mind, her dream of becoming an author). Her friends Ilse, Perry, and Teddy attend the high school with her. Each of the central foursome has dreams toward which he or she is working: Emily, to be a famous writer, Ilse, an elocutionist, Teddy, an artist, and Perry, a business man and/or politician.
Emily makes new friends and enemies, endures various scandals, and experiences many triumphs (including having her first 'pieces' of writing published). While studying at the high school, she boards with her aunt, Ruth Dutton. Aunt Ruth is a conservative, seemingly intolerant guardian, who constantly suspects Emily of being secretive and who never gives Emily the benefit of the doubt; however, she does come through in Emily's hour of greatest need.
An expatriate Islander, Miss Royal, offers to take Emily to New York and help her with her literary career, but Emily chooses to remain in (rural) Prince Edward Island and work from her beloved New Moon. The novel closes on the central foursome graduating and making plans for their futures: Emily is to go home to New Moon and settle down to her writing career, Ilse and Teddy are going to Montreal, to study elocution and art respectively, and Perry has a job as a law clerk for a big firm in Charlottetown where he expects to be (and ultimately becomes) successful.
Emily's Quest
In Emily's Quest, Emily is finally considered "grown up" by her Murray relatives. She writes constantly, and sends her stories and poetry to magazines where many of them are published. (Later in the book, Emily has a novel published, to significant acclaim.)
Emily spends much of her time trying to gain Dean Priest's blessing on her writing; she values his opinion above all others, as he is intelligent, witty, and well-travelled. However, Dean (long in love with Emily) is jealous of her dedication to her 'art', and tells Emily that her stories are 'pretty, childish scribbles'. When he tells Emily that her first (unpublished) novel, 'A Seller of Dreams' is weak and subpar, she burns it. Afterward, in a haze of grief and hysteria, Emily trips and tumbles down the stairs at New Moon. Although the fall itself is not very serious, Emily's foot is pierced by a pair of scissors left on the landing. She nearly dies of blood poisoning, only escaping amputation through Aunt Elizabeth's insistence that Emily not be maimed.
Touched by Dean's devotion and affection after her accident, and thinking that Teddy Kent does not care for her any more, Emily agrees to marry Dean, much to the shock and displeasure of both their families (Dean, though wealthy and cultured, is old enough to be her father, and is disabled). However, after a second sight experience that seems to tell her that she 'belongs' to Teddy, Emily realises that she does not love Dean in the way he loves her, and breaks off the engagement.
Post-breakup, Emily begins to write again, after a long hiatus. She writes a serialised story (that becomes a new novel) in order to entertain the injured and temporarily-bedridden Aunt Elizabeth. Thanks to Cousin Jimmy, several months later the novel is published, and Emily's artistic dreams are realised. However, pride in her accomplishments does not protect her from the pain and shock of Ilse Burnley's engagement to Teddy Kent. Still too proud to admit that she has feelings for Teddy, Emily, as bridesmaid, helps Ilse with the preparations until the morning of the wedding, when Ilse hears that Perry is on his deathbed after a car accident. Ilse jilts Teddy moments before their scheduled wedding and goes to Perry, who is very much alive (contrary to rumour). Ilse and Perry admit their feelings for each other, and, later, are married quietly.
After many years of misunderstandings, Emily and Teddy finally find each other and become betrothed at the close of this, the final volume of the series.
Adaptions
Television
Emily of New Moon was a 1998 Canadian television series, adapted from the series, that starred Canadian actress Martha MacIsaac as Emily Byrd Starr.
Anime
In April 2007, the novels were adapted into a 26-episode animated television series in Japan called Kaze no Shoujo Emily. The series was produced by NHK and Tokyo Movie Shinsha. In the series, Emily is voiced by Japanese voice actress Tomoko Kawakami.
References
See also
Anne Shirley
Characters in children's literature
Fictional characters from Prince Edward Island |
Behavioural ethics is a new field of social scientific research that seeks to understand how people actually behave when confronted with ethical dilemmas. It refers to behaviour that is judged according to generally accepted norms of behaviour.
Behavioural ethics lead to the development of ethical models such as the so-called "bystander intervention", which describes ethical behavior as far harder to display because of what we learn from social institutions such as family, school, and religion. Here, intervening in an ethically challenging situation means that an individual must go through several steps and that failure to complete all means a failure to behave ethically.
Behavioural ethics in different fields
Behavioural ethics and education
In ethics teaching and research, ethics is arguably the "next big thing" because its investigation agenda has generated many knowledge on why and how people choose and act when being confronted with ethical subject, which was unknown previously. Based on the extant body of ethics course books and course plans from fields such as medicine, teaching, accounting, and journalism, "moral reasoning" - along with associated skills - is often an established objective. Behavioural ethics, however, is distinguished from the concept of moral reasoning because ethical behaviour is primarily driven by a diverse set of intuitive processes over which individuals have little conscious control. Behavioural ethics calls for a model of ethics in education that focuses not on directly modelling good ethical reasoning but on the way people think clearly and impartially about ethical problems.
Behavioural Ethics and Rational Actor Model
Philosophical views about morality has been supported traditionally by theoretical reasoning and introspection, with at best passing reference to actual human behaviour. Models of human morality advanced by behavioural ethics based on the fact that morality is a new and still developing quality of the evolutionary dynamic that leads to our species.
Behavioural Ethics Meets Behavioural Law and Economics
Clarifying the difference between behavioural law and economics(BLE) and behavioural ethics(BE) is of importance. Compared to BLE, BE has reduced its ability of influencing broad legal academic circles. In addition, unlike BLE, BE was advanced as piece of the management literature, which is less related to legal scholarship than BLE is, and thus less likely to have impact on it.
Behavioural Ethics and Justice
Behavioural ethics researchers have found the relationship between employees' justice perceptions and also, ethical and unethical behaviour. In the 1990s, organizational justice became one of the most studied organizational themes. The term organizational justice is created by Greenberg(1987) to involve employee's perception of organizational events, policies, and practices as being fair or not fair. Classic work on distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice has been built. This research has focused on theoretical advance and empirical testing about the formation of justice judgements as well as the result of these justice evaluation. Justice and injustice perception have been related to an extensive variety of employee attitudes and behaviours consisted of trust, satisfaction, turnover and plenty of opposite formal negative behaviours such as theft and unethical behaviours which are more common.
Research
There are experiments that can be linked to behavioural ethics. The Trolley problem and the Prisoner's dilemma both place individuals in decision-making situations that carry ethical questions. In each, an individual is asked to make a decision that affects another person. In the prisoner's dilemma, the principles of Reciprocity (social psychology) and Cooperation come into play, but not all who participate behave in the same manner. In the Trolley problem an individual has to choose which group of people to save. Both of these experiments shed light on how people behave when confronted with ethical dilemmas.
The impact of behavioural ethics
If firms are able to utilize the principles of behavioural psychology to alter consumer's behaviour and thus increase sales and governments can change people's behaviour and hence promote policy target using those same principles, then individuals and their employers can apply related principles of behavioural ethics to promote ethical behaviour in the company and in society.
Example of Unethical behaviour in Business
According to an article in the Chron.com, examples of unethical behaviour in business an environment can include:
Deliberate Deception
Violation of Conscience
Failure to Honour Commitments
Unlawful Conduct
Disregard of Company Policy
These behaviours are mostly based on different rights that we all have in society and therefore have in work environments as well. Usually each company have its own set of policy but there are some common ones as well.
Examples of Ethical Behaviour in Business Meetings
At most business conference, employees are required to report on the progress of their missions. It can lead to an ethical dilemma because they may report their performance better than it is due to external pressure.
Unethical behaviour
Unethical behaviour is an action that falls outside of what is thought morally appropriate for a person, a job or a company. Individuals can act unethically, as can businesses, professionals and politicians.
Research results have further shown "that people low in moral character are likely to eventually dominate cheating-enabling environments, where they then cheat extensively".
Unethical behaviour in business
Ethics can be defined as going beyond what is legal and doing right things, even no one is paying attention to. So unethical behaviour in business is about actions that don't obey the acceptable criterion of business operations, failing to do right things in each condition.
References
Descriptive ethics
Human behavior |
Francis Ignatius Malone (born September 1, 1950) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been serving as bishop for the Diocese of Shreveport in Louisiana since 2019.
Biography
Early life and priesthood
Francis Malone was born on September 1, 1950, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On May 21, 1977, Malone was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Andrew Joseph McDonald for the Diocese of Little Rock. His first assignment after being ordained was as parochial vicar of St. Michael Parish in West Memphis, Arkansas. He was later assigned to parishes in Crawfordville, Sheridan, Louisiana and Little Rock, all in Arkansas. He also served on the faculty of Mt. St Mary's Academy and served as both chancellor and vicar general for the diocese.
Bishop of Shreveport
Pope Francis appointed Malone to become the third bishop for the Diocese of Shreveport on November 19, 2019. On January 28, 2020, Malone was consecrated as a bishop at the Shreveport Convention Center in Shreveport, Louisiana. Archbishop Gregory M. Aymond served as the principal consecrator. Bishop Anthony B. Taylor of Little Rock and Bishop Michael G. Duca served as co-consecrators.
As Bishop of Shreveport, Malone has supported the cause of sainthood for the "Shreveport Martyrs," five missionary priests from France who volunteered to serve the suffering population in Shreveport during the 1873 Yellow Fever Epidemic, which killed over 25% of the local population and all five of the missionary priests.
See also
Catholic Church hierarchy
Catholic Church in the United States
Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
List of Catholic bishops of the United States
Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops
References
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport Official Site
1950 births
Living people
Clergy from Philadelphia
Roman Catholic Diocese of Little Rock
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Bishops appointed by Pope Francis |
The Tortoise & the Hare is a 2013 wordless picture book of Aesop's classic fable and is illustrated by Jerry Pinkney. It is about a tortoise and a hare that compete in a foot race with the tortoise surprisingly winning.
Reception
School Library Journal, in a review of The Tortoise & the Hare, wrote "Pinkney has created yet another stunning interpretation of a classic tale in this virtually wordless picture book. .. Pinkney takes care to show Tortoise overcoming challenges and Hare demonstrating good sportsmanship and healthy competition."
Publishers Weekly, Booklist, and Kirkus Reviews all gave starred reviews.
The Horn Book Magazine wrote "Pinkney brilliantly illustrates another well-known Aesop fable." and concluded "The richly detailed illustrations are lively and humorous, but what makes this retelling particularly ingenious is Pinkney's use of the oft-quoted moral in a cumulative progression both to recount the action and provide dramatic tension: "Slow / slow and / slow and steady / slow and steady wins / slow and steady wins the / slow and steady wins the race!""
The Tortoise & the Hare has also been reviewed by
The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, and Children's Book and Media Review.
References
2013 children's books
American picture books
Works based on Aesop's Fables
Children's books about rabbits and hares
Children's books about turtles
Picture books by Jerry Pinkney
The Tortoise and the Hare |
```c
/* parens.c -- Implementation of matching parentheses feature. */
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or
(at your option) any later version.
The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not
have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation,
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */
#define READLINE_LIBRARY
#include "rlconf.h"
#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
# include <config.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#if defined (FD_SET) && !defined (HAVE_SELECT)
# define HAVE_SELECT
#endif
#if defined (HAVE_SELECT)
# include <sys/time.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SELECT */
#if defined (HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H)
# include <sys/select.h>
#endif
#if defined (HAVE_STRING_H)
# include <string.h>
#else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */
# include <strings.h>
#endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */
#if !defined (strchr) && !defined (__STDC__)
extern char *strchr (), *strrchr ();
#endif /* !strchr && !__STDC__ */
#include "readline.h"
#include "rlprivate.h"
static int find_matching_open PARAMS((char *, int, int));
/* Non-zero means try to blink the matching open parenthesis when the
close parenthesis is inserted. */
#if defined (HAVE_SELECT)
int rl_blink_matching_paren = 1;
#else /* !HAVE_SELECT */
int rl_blink_matching_paren = 0;
#endif /* !HAVE_SELECT */
static int _paren_blink_usec = 500000;
/* Change emacs_standard_keymap to have bindings for paren matching when
ON_OR_OFF is 1, change them back to self_insert when ON_OR_OFF == 0. */
void
_rl_enable_paren_matching (on_or_off)
int on_or_off;
{
if (on_or_off)
{ /* ([{ */
rl_bind_key_in_map (')', rl_insert_close, emacs_standard_keymap);
rl_bind_key_in_map (']', rl_insert_close, emacs_standard_keymap);
rl_bind_key_in_map ('}', rl_insert_close, emacs_standard_keymap);
}
else
{ /* ([{ */
rl_bind_key_in_map (')', rl_insert, emacs_standard_keymap);
rl_bind_key_in_map (']', rl_insert, emacs_standard_keymap);
rl_bind_key_in_map ('}', rl_insert, emacs_standard_keymap);
}
}
int
rl_set_paren_blink_timeout (u)
int u;
{
int o;
o = _paren_blink_usec;
if (u > 0)
_paren_blink_usec = u;
return (o);
}
int
rl_insert_close (count, invoking_key)
int count, invoking_key;
{
if (rl_explicit_arg || !rl_blink_matching_paren)
_rl_insert_char (count, invoking_key);
else
{
#if defined (HAVE_SELECT)
int orig_point, match_point, ready;
struct timeval timer;
fd_set readfds;
_rl_insert_char (1, invoking_key);
(*rl_redisplay_function) ();
match_point =
find_matching_open (rl_line_buffer, rl_point - 2, invoking_key);
/* Emacs might message or ring the bell here, but I don't. */
if (match_point < 0)
return -1;
FD_ZERO (&readfds);
FD_SET (fileno (rl_instream), &readfds);
timer.tv_sec = 0;
timer.tv_usec = _paren_blink_usec;
orig_point = rl_point;
rl_point = match_point;
(*rl_redisplay_function) ();
ready = select (1, &readfds, (fd_set *)NULL, (fd_set *)NULL, &timer);
rl_point = orig_point;
#else /* !HAVE_SELECT */
_rl_insert_char (count, invoking_key);
#endif /* !HAVE_SELECT */
}
return 0;
}
static int
find_matching_open (string, from, closer)
char *string;
int from, closer;
{
register int i;
int opener, level, delimiter;
switch (closer)
{
case ']': opener = '['; break;
case '}': opener = '{'; break;
case ')': opener = '('; break;
default:
return (-1);
}
level = 1; /* The closer passed in counts as 1. */
delimiter = 0; /* Delimited state unknown. */
for (i = from; i > -1; i--)
{
if (delimiter && (string[i] == delimiter))
delimiter = 0;
else if (rl_basic_quote_characters && strchr (rl_basic_quote_characters, string[i]))
delimiter = string[i];
else if (!delimiter && (string[i] == closer))
level++;
else if (!delimiter && (string[i] == opener))
level--;
if (!level)
break;
}
return (i);
}
``` |
Wemindji () is a Cree village municipality in the territory of Eeyou Istchee in northern Quebec; it has a distinct legal status and classification from other kinds of village municipalities in Quebec: Naskapi village municipalities, northern villages (Inuit communities), and ordinary villages.
As with all other Cree village municipalities in Quebec, there is a counterpart Cree reserved land of the same name located nearby: Wemindji.
Despite the title of "village municipality" and the formalities that go along with it (for instance, having a mayor), Statistics Canada lists it (and all other Cree village municipalities in Quebec) as having no resident population or residential infrastructure (dwellings); it is the Cree reserved lands that are listed as having population and residential dwellings in the 2011 census, the 2006 census, and earlier censuses.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Wemindji had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, no change from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
Cree village municipalities in Quebec
Populated places established in 1978
1978 establishments in Quebec |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
* OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
* ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
* OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* Authors: AMD
*
*/
#ifndef __DML32_DISPLAY_MODE_VBA_H__
#define __DML32_DISPLAY_MODE_VBA_H__
#include "../display_mode_enums.h"
// To enable a lot of debug msg
//#define __DML_VBA_DEBUG__
// For DML-C changes that hasn't been propagated to VBA yet
//#define __DML_VBA_ALLOW_DELTA__
// Move these to ip parameters/constant
// At which vstartup the DML start to try if the mode can be supported
#define __DML_VBA_MIN_VSTARTUP__ 9
// Delay in DCFCLK from ARB to DET (1st num is ARB to SDPIF, 2nd number is SDPIF to DET)
#define __DML_ARB_TO_RET_DELAY__ 7 + 95
// fudge factor for min dcfclk calclation
#define __DML_MIN_DCFCLK_FACTOR__ 1.15
// Prefetch schedule max vratio
#define __DML_MAX_VRATIO_PRE__ 7.9
#define __DML_MAX_BW_RATIO_PRE__ 4.0
#define __DML_VBA_MAX_DST_Y_PRE__ 63.75
#define BPP_INVALID 0
#define BPP_BLENDED_PIPE 0xffffffff
#define MEM_STROBE_FREQ_MHZ 1600
#define DCFCLK_FREQ_EXTRA_PREFETCH_REQ_MHZ 300
#define MEM_STROBE_MAX_DELIVERY_TIME_US 60.0
struct display_mode_lib;
void dml32_ModeSupportAndSystemConfigurationFull(struct display_mode_lib *mode_lib);
void dml32_recalculate(struct display_mode_lib *mode_lib);
#endif
``` |
```javascript
export default {
testRegex: 'tests/.*?(test)\\.js$',
};
``` |
Yport () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department of France’s Normandy region. The residents are known as Yportais or Yportaises.
Location
Yport is located on the D104 road, about north of Le Havre, on the coast of the English Channel.
Population
History
The site was probably occupied during the neolithic period, and later the Pays de Caux was inhabited by the Calates. During the Roman time, a road connecting Fécamp to Étretat passed through the locality at Pitron Fund from where a junction towards the village existed. The current D940 follows the route of this Roman road. The Roman presence was discovered following various archaeological excavations but nothing proves that it was permanently inhabited. It may have been only a fishing site. Starting from the early Middle Ages the village was attached to Criquebeuf-en-Caux, where the church, the cemetery and the school were located, several kilometres away from Yport. Only in the 19th century did the commune of Yport come into existence, primarily because of the construction of the church. Officially, the commune of Yport was created on January 1, 1843, and its first mayor was Jean-Baptiste Feuilloley. The 19th century marked the beginning of the rise of sea-fishing. Many people were attracted to the area by the work and the population reached 1800. The sea front evolved considerably during this period. As a working port, the sea front had fishing-smacks, skiffs, caïques and other vessels moored up to the bollards.
During the 19th century, sea-bathing came into fashion, and Yport did not escape from it. In 1849 and 1884, the village was hit by cholera epidemics.
Later, in the 1960s, fishing disappeared, like everywhere on the Côte d'Albâtre. The pace of life in the fishing village changed only very little. Yport is nowadays primarily a tourist town, with the casino, the beach and many quality restaurants. A large car-park has now replaced most of the fishing boats at the sea-front.
Heraldry
Tourism
Cliffs
Pebble beach
St. Martin's church: building started in 1838, it was finished only in 1876 after many modifications.
Casino
Yport is the place where Guy de Maupassant set his novel Une Vie
Festivals
Torch-light parade on July 13.
Festival of the sea and painting on August 15 (mass, blessing, holy procession). An exhibition of paintings, painters and sculptors in the streets and on the beach, auction sale at 5pm of the art created during the course of the day.
See also
Communes of the Seine-Maritime department
References
External links
Tourisme à Yport
Statistical data, INSEE
Communes of Seine-Maritime
Seaside resorts in France |
The 1987 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as a member of the Colonial League during the 1987 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In its second year under head coach Mark Duffner, the team compiled an 11–0 record (4–0 against conference opponents) and won the Colonial League championship. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Schedule
References
Holy Cross
Holy Cross Crusaders football seasons
Patriot League football champion seasons
College football undefeated seasons
Holy Cross Crusaders football |
Kandiss Taylor is an American politician who is the GOP Chair of Georgia's 1st congressional district. She was a candidate in the 2022 Georgia Republican gubernatorial primary.
Education
Taylor received a bachelor's degree in early childhood education and master's and specialist degrees in school counseling from Georgia Southern University. She also has a PhD in school counseling and supervision from Regent University.
Career
Prior to running for office, Taylor worked as a teacher and educator in Baxley, Georgia.
In January 2021, Taylor announced she would be running as a candidate in the 2022 Georgia gubernatorial election. Her campaign slogan of "Jesus Guns Babies" received widespread mockery. Taylor came third in the primary, receiving just 3.4% of the vote. She refused to concede her loss, alleging that the election was "rigged".
In April 2023, Taylor was elected as the Republican Chair of Georgia's 1st district.
Views
During her 2022 gubernatorial campaign, Taylor promoted conspiracy theories about state Republican leaders being secret communists and Democrats being Satanic pedophiles. She also called the Georgia Guidestones "Satanic" and made their removal part of her campaign platform; the monument was later bombed. Following the bombing, Taylor said she believed God had destroyed the monument.
In May 2023, Taylor promoted the Flat Earth conspiracy theory on her Jesus, Guns, & Babies podcast, claiming that globes are part of a conspiracy to "brainwash" people into believing the Earth is a globe. Taylor's remarks were later parodied by comedian Blaire Erskine.
In October 2023, Taylor accused Taylor Swift of including "satanic nods" on her show and "celebrating witchcraft." Following the death of Matthew Perry, Taylor suggested that being vaccinated against COVID-19 was the cause.
Personal life
Kandiss is married to Ryan Taylor, an educator. They have three children. In July 2022, Taylor said her family was the victim of a swatting call.
References
Living people
Georgia (U.S. state) Republicans
American conspiracy theorists
American women |
```c
/* SPIFFS filesystem example.
This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this
software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "esp_err.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "esp_cpu.h"
#include "esp_vfs_semihost.h"
static const char *TAG = "example";
#define STRINGIFY(s) STRINGIFY2(s)
#define STRINGIFY2(s) #s
static uint8_t s_buf[512];
void app_main(void)
{
// Register host FS at '/host'. On the host file will be written/read in the current semihosting dir of OpenOCD
esp_err_t ret = esp_vfs_semihost_register("/host");
if (ret != ESP_OK) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to register semihost driver (%s)!", esp_err_to_name(ret));
return;
}
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Switch to semihosted stdout");
FILE *fout = freopen("/host/esp32_stdout.txt", "w", stdout);
if (fout == NULL) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to reopen stdout (%d)!", errno);
return;
}
// Increase file buffer to perform data transfers using larger chunks.
// Every read/write triggers breakpoint, so transferring of small chunks is quite inefficient.
setvbuf(fout, (char *)s_buf, _IOFBF, sizeof(s_buf));
// this will be printed to the file on host
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Switched to semihosted stdout");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
// printf is also redirected and sends data to the file on host
printf("Semihosted stdout write %d\n", i);
}
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Switch to UART stdout");
fflush(fout); // ensure that all data are sent to the host file
// ftell can also be used, get file size before closing it in `freopen`
int count = ftell(fout);
stdout = freopen("/dev/console", "w", fout);
if (stdout == NULL) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to reopen semihosted stdout (%d)!", errno);
return;
}
// all remaining messages will be printed to UART
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Switched back to UART stdout");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Wrote %d bytes", count);
printf("====================== HOST DATA START =========================\n");
// open() can also be used to access files on the host
int fd = open("/host/host_file.txt", O_RDONLY, 0);
if (fd == -1) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to open file (%d)!", errno);
return;
}
ssize_t read_bytes;
count = 0;
do {
read_bytes = read(fd, s_buf, sizeof(s_buf));
if(read_bytes == -1) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read file (%d)!", errno);
} else if(read_bytes > 0) {
fwrite(s_buf, 1, read_bytes, stdout);
count += read_bytes;
}
} while(read_bytes > 0);
printf("====================== HOST DATA END =========================\n");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Read %d bytes", count);
if (close(fd) == -1) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to close file (%d)!", errno);
}
ret = esp_vfs_semihost_unregister("/host");
if (ret != ESP_OK) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to unregister semihost driver (%s)!", esp_err_to_name(ret));
}
}
``` |
Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It contains 86 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury, and the surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses, farm buildings, and shops. Haworth has associations with the Brontë family who lived in Haworth Parsonage, which is listed at Grade I. The other listed buildings include churches, chapels and associated structures, textile mills, bridges, public houses, a milepost, a former school, a railway station, a war memorial and a memorial building, and three telephone kiosks.
Key
Buildings
References
Citations
Sources
Lists of listed buildings in West Yorkshire |
Micrurus spixii, the Amazon coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae.
The snake is found in Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Brazil.
References
spixii
Reptiles described in 1824
Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler
Reptiles of Ecuador
Reptiles of Venezuela
Reptiles of Colombia
Reptiles of Bolivia
Reptiles of Brazil |
William Hogan may refer to:
William Hogan (author) (born 1937), American novelist
William Hogan (Canadian politician) (born 1937), member of the Newfoundland House of Assembly
William Hogan (footballer) (born 1871), English footballer
William Hogan (New York politician) (1792–1874), United States Representative from New York
William Hogan (priest), excommunicated Roman Catholic priest and author
Bill Hogan III (ice hockey), American ice hockey player
See also
Bill Hogan, member of the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly |
Thomas James Robson (January 15, 1946 – April 20, 2021) was an American Major League Baseball player, coach and author. He played first baseman and designated hitter for two seasons for the Texas Rangers. He is author of The Hitting Edge.
Personal life
Robson was born January 15, 1946, in Rochester, New York. He attended Camelback High School in Phoenix, Arizona. He attended Phoenix College, a community college, and later Utah State University in Logan. He was drafted by the New York Mets in the 50th round of the 1967 amateur draft.
His nephew is Major League third baseman Mike Moustakas.
On April 20, 2021, Robson died of natural causes, aged 75.
Professional baseball career
He played for the Texas Rangers for six games during the 1974 season and 17 games during the 1975 season. After batting .320 with 13 home runs with the Spokane Indians, he was acquired by the New York Yankees from the Rangers organization at the Winter Meetings on December 9, 1975. He ended his playing career in Nippon Professional Baseball with the Nankai Hawks in . After retiring, he became a coach in the Rangers' organization. He spent seven years on the coaching staff of Rangers' manager Bobby Valentine, followed Valentine back to Japan to coach with the Chiba Lotte Marines and then followed him again to New York join his staff as the hitting instructor and, later, bench coach for the Mets. He served as the Cincinnati Reds' hitting coach for the first four months of the campaign under Bob Boone. In , he returned to Japan and reunited with Valentine to coach for the Chiba Lotte Marines.
References
External links
1946 births
2021 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Asheville Tourists managers
Cincinnati Reds coaches
Diablos Rojos del México players
Durham Bulls players
Jacksonville Suns players
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball hitting coaches
Mankato Mets players
Memphis Blues players
Nankai Hawks players
New York Mets coaches
New York Mets scouts
Nippon Professional Baseball infielders
Pacific Coast League MVP award winners
Pittsfield Rangers players
Spokane Indians players
Baseball players from Rochester, New York
Texas Rangers coaches
Texas Rangers players
Trois-Rivières Aigles players
Utah State Aggies baseball players
Visalia Mets players
West Palm Beach Expos players |
1967 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A may stand for:
1967 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (Taça Brasil)
1967 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa) |
Dolichocephala guttata is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is found in the Palearctic.
References
External links
Images representing Dolichocephala guttata at BOLD
Empididae
Insects described in 1833
Asilomorph flies of Europe |
Jerry King is a cartoonist. He has received the National Cartoonists Society Magazine Gag Cartoon Award for 2001 and was nominated for their Gag Cartoon Award and Magazine Gag Cartoon Award for 2002.
Jerry King draws cartoons for Playboy Magazine and many other publications and websites worldwide.
External links
Online portfolio
Living people
Playboy cartoonists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Kaeng Kuet (, , "Kuet rapids") is a place that has many water activities and is located in Chiang Mai a northern province in Thailand. Kaeng Kuet is very popular place for foreigners who come for water rafting. The location of Kaeng Kuet is surrounded by nature. The place is frequented by a steady stream of people. Mostly in the hot season activities there are a lot of people who come for relaxing and swimming whereas in the rainy season, the water is quite suitable for rafting. Kuet River is located at Ban Sop Kai in Mae Taeng district at Chiang Mai. Kaeng Kuet also has other activities to support tourists and visitors such as elephant rides, elephant trekking, and cycling.
Activities
A highlight of Kaeng Kuet is the rubber boat activities. The rubber boat is ideal for rafting and adventure. There are various levels to difficulty for rafting starting from second level to fifth level and that is the best level for rafting with rubber boat. Kaeng Kuet has a lot of rocks and winding currents and surrounded by forests and nature. In addition, Kaeng Kuet has an elephant ride activity. The visitors can ride an elephant and try to wash the elephant at Kaeng Kued Elephant Camp.
References
Dooasia. (2015) Attractions in Chiang Mai: Kaeng Kued Elephant Camp. Retrieved from https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g293917-c127870/Chiang-%20Mai:Thailand:Elephant.Camps.Chiang.Mai.html
Geography of Chiang Mai province
Tourist attractions in Chiang Mai province |
The Spanish Water Dog () breed is used in Spain as a general purpose sheepdog and guard. It is also used sometimes as a gundog, and is skilled at retrieval from water.
Description
Appearance
The SWD is a medium size, athletic, robust dog that is slightly longer than tall. Approximately half are born with natural bobbed (short) tails. Long tailed dogs are usually docked in the US, but undocked tails are not a fault in conformation showing if the dog was bred in a non-docking country.
The head should be strong and carried with elegance. The skull is flat and the top is parallel with the top of the muzzle. The nose, eye-rims and paw pads are the same colour as the darkest part of the coat or darker. The eyes are expressive and set fairly wide apart. They should be hazel, chestnut or dark brown in colour, depending on the coat colour. The ears are set at medium height on the skull, and are triangular.
Coat and colour
It has a distinctive curly coat which is woolly in texture and may form cords when long. The coat should not be clipped or groomed for aesthetic purposes. Instead, it should look entirely natural, as though it is not groomed at all. It should never be trimmed, but sheared down at least once a year. SWD puppies are always born with curly hair.
The SWD can be seen in a variety of colours. It may be solid black, beige, brown, or white; bicolour where the second colour is white; or particolour . Tri-coloured dogs are strictly prohibited by the currently held (worldwide) standards for the breed as are black and tan or brown and tan colour combinations.
Size
The Spanish Water Dog is a medium-sized dog. The approximate measurements are:
Males
Height (at the withers):
Weight:
Females
Height (at the withers):
Weight:
Temperament
The SWD is diligent, loyal, affectionate, and intelligent. They have very strong natural herding and guarding instincts, leading them to become the "self-appointed" guardians of their homes. SWDs thrive on work and play. Their athleticism and extremely hard working nature leads them to excel at any number of tasks. They can be wary with strangers, and early and continuing socialization with a variety of people and other animals is essential for a well-adjusted, social dog. Good socialization at an early age greatly helps them cohabit with small children.
Health
The breed's life expectancy is thought to be about 14 years. Recent health testing has uncovered the following issues:
Hip dysplasia
Progressive retinal atrophy (prcd-PRA)
Hypothyroidism
Hypoadrenocorticism (also known as Addison's disease)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Allergies
Cataracts
Congenital hypothyroidism with goitre (CHG)
Distichia
Cherry eye
Neuroaxonal dystrophy
History
Originally there were three separated populations of SWD in Spain with somewhat different phenotypes and sizes. One of these populations was found in Northern Spain, in Asturias and Cantabria; these dogs were usually smaller and of lighter colour, becoming a new breed on 22 March 2011, the Cantabrian Water Dog. The other group could be found in the marshes of western Andalusia; this type of dogs had coats made of long and thin cords. And finally the largest group came from the southern Andalusian sierras; this type of dogs were the largest and strongest since they were mainly used for herding.
See also
Dogs portal
List of dog breeds
References
External links
FCI breeds
Water dogs
Gundogs
Herding dogs
Dog breeds originating in Andalusia
Rare dog breeds |
Cameron Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
Cameron Township, Audubon County, Iowa
Cameron Township, Murray County, Minnesota
Cameron Township, Hall County, Nebraska
See also
East Cameron Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
West Cameron Township, Pennsylvania |
London Day by Day was the first newsreel produced by British filmmaker Will Barker in 1906. The newsreel was a short, Silent film documentary film compilation regularly released in a public presentation place and contained filmed news.
References
Newsreels |
```java
package com.netflix.metacat.connector.druid.converter;
import com.netflix.metacat.common.QualifiedName;
import com.netflix.metacat.common.server.connectors.ConnectorInfoConverter;
import com.netflix.metacat.common.server.connectors.model.FieldInfo;
import com.netflix.metacat.common.server.connectors.model.PartitionInfo;
import com.netflix.metacat.common.server.connectors.model.StorageInfo;
import com.netflix.metacat.common.server.connectors.model.TableInfo;
import com.netflix.metacat.common.type.BaseType;
import com.netflix.metacat.connector.druid.DruidConfigConstants;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Druid Info Converter.
*
* @author zhenl
* @since 1.2.0
*/
public class DruidConnectorInfoConverter implements ConnectorInfoConverter<Database, Database, Segment> {
private final String catalogName;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param catalogName catalog Name
*/
public DruidConnectorInfoConverter(final String catalogName) {
this.catalogName = catalogName;
}
/**
* Convert from data source to partitionInfo.
*
* @param segment segment object
* @return partition info object
*/
public PartitionInfo getPartitionInfoFromSegment(final Segment segment) {
final Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
metadata.put(DruidConfigConstants.LOADSPEC_KEY, segment.getLoadSpec().getKeys().toString());
metadata.put(DruidConfigConstants.LOADSPEC_BUCKET, segment.getLoadSpec().getBucket());
metadata.put(DruidConfigConstants.LOADSPEC_TYPE, segment.getLoadSpec().getType());
metadata.put(DruidConfigConstants.DIMENSIONS, segment.getDimensions());
metadata.put(DruidConfigConstants.METRICS, segment.getMetric());
final StorageInfo storageInfo = StorageInfo.builder().uri(segment.getLoadSpec().getUri()).build();
return PartitionInfo.builder().metadata(metadata).serde(storageInfo).build();
}
/**
* Convert from data source to partitionInfo.
*
* @param dataSource dataSource object
* @return table info object
*/
public TableInfo getTableInfoFromDatasource(final DataSource dataSource) {
final List<Segment> segmentList = dataSource.getSegmentList();
final Segment latestSegment = segmentList.get(segmentList.size() - 1);
final List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new ArrayList<>();
for (String dim : latestSegment.getDimensions().split(",")) {
fieldInfos.add(FieldInfo.builder()
.comment(DruidConfigConstants.DIMENSIONS)
.name(dim)
.type(BaseType.STRING)
.build());
}
for (String dim : latestSegment.getMetric().split(",")) {
fieldInfos.add(FieldInfo.builder()
.comment(DruidConfigConstants.METRICS)
.name(dim)
.type(BaseType.DOUBLE)
.build());
}
return TableInfo.builder().fields(fieldInfos)
.name(QualifiedName.ofTable(catalogName, DruidConfigConstants.DRUID_DB, dataSource.getName()))
.build();
}
}
``` |
```shell
#!/bin/bash
set -e
# Use the dirname directly, without changing directories
if [[ $BASH_SOURCE = */* ]]; then
DOCKER_DIR=${BASH_SOURCE%/*}/
else
DOCKER_DIR=./
fi
echo "Docker dir is $DOCKER_DIR"
NETWORK=${1:-testnet}
case $NETWORK in
standalone)
DOCKER_FLAGS="-f ${DOCKER_DIR}docker-compose.yml -f ${DOCKER_DIR}docker-compose.standalone.yml"
echo "running on standalone network"
;;
pubnet)
DOCKER_FLAGS="-f ${DOCKER_DIR}docker-compose.yml -f ${DOCKER_DIR}docker-compose.pubnet.yml"
echo "running on public network"
;;
testnet)
DOCKER_FLAGS="-f ${DOCKER_DIR}docker-compose.yml"
echo "running on test network"
;;
*)
echo "$1 is not a supported option "
exit 1
;;
esac
docker-compose $DOCKER_FLAGS up --build -d
``` |
The 2007 United Kingdom Budget, officially known as Budget 2007: Building Britain's long-term future: Prosperity and fairness for families, was formally delivered by Gordon Brown in the House of Commons on 21 March 2007. It would turn out to be Brown's last Budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer, becoming Prime Minister on 27 June 2007.
The main changes were that basic rate of income tax would fall from 22% to 20% from April 2008 and that the lower starter rate of 10% would be removed. Vehicle Excise Duty on the highest-polluting vehicles would go up to £300 and to £400 from April 2008, with the least-polluting vehicles to have their duty reduced to £35. The savings limit for Individual savings account contributions would be increased to £7,200 from April 2008. The Inheritance Tax threshold would rise from £285,000 to £350,000 in 2010.
Planned resource budgets 2007–08
Details
Taxes
Spending
References
External links
Complete Budget 2007 Report
Speech delivered 21 March 2007
United Kingdom budgets
Budget
United Kingdom budget
Gordon Brown
March 2007 events in the United Kingdom |
The 2022 Supercopa de Chile (known as the Supercopa Easy 2022 for sponsorship purposes) was the tenth edition of the Supercopa de Chile, championship organised by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP). The match was played by the 2021 Chilean Primera División champions Universidad Católica and the 2021 Copa Chile champions Colo-Colo on 23 January 2022 at Estadio Ester Roa in Concepción.
Colo-Colo defeated Universidad Católica by a 2–0 score to win their third Supercopa title.
Teams
The two teams that contested the Supercopa were Universidad Católica, who qualified as 2021 Primera División champions and Colo-Colo, who qualified for the match as 2021 Copa Chile champions, defeating Everton in the final by a 2–0 score.
Details
References
S
S
S |
```html
<!--
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="author" content="Paul Lewis" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<title>UI Element: [Element name]</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="element.css">
</head>
<body>
<header class="header">
<h1 class="header__title">[Element name]</h1>
</header>
<main class="main">
</main>
<script src="element.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
``` |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.dubbo.spring.starter.env;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.env.MapPropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.env.MutablePropertySources;
import org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import static org.apache.dubbo.spring.starter.util.DubboUtils.*;
/**
* The lowest precedence {@link EnvironmentPostProcessor} processes
* {@link SpringApplication#setDefaultProperties(Properties) Spring Boot default properties} for Dubbo
* as late as possible before {@link ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh() application context refresh}.
*/
public class DubboDefaultPropertiesEnvironmentPostProcessor implements EnvironmentPostProcessor, Ordered {
/**
* The name of default {@link PropertySource} defined in SpringApplication#configurePropertySources method.
*/
public static final String PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME = "defaultProperties";
/**
* The property name of "spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding".
* Please refer to: path_to_url#bean-overriding
*/
public static final String ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY = "spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding";
@Override
public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplication application) {
MutablePropertySources propertySources = environment.getPropertySources();
Map<String, Object> defaultProperties = createDefaultProperties(environment);
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(defaultProperties)) {
addOrReplace(propertySources, defaultProperties);
}
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
private Map<String, Object> createDefaultProperties(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
Map<String, Object> defaultProperties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
setDubboApplicationNameProperty(environment, defaultProperties);
setDubboConfigMultipleProperty(defaultProperties);
setDubboApplicationQosEnableProperty(defaultProperties);
setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(defaultProperties);
return defaultProperties;
}
private void setDubboApplicationNameProperty(Environment environment, Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
String springApplicationName = environment.getProperty(SPRING_APPLICATION_NAME_PROPERTY);
if (StringUtils.hasLength(springApplicationName)
&& !environment.containsProperty(DUBBO_APPLICATION_NAME_PROPERTY)) {
defaultProperties.put(DUBBO_APPLICATION_NAME_PROPERTY, springApplicationName);
}
}
private void setDubboConfigMultipleProperty(Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
defaultProperties.put(DUBBO_CONFIG_MULTIPLE_PROPERTY, Boolean.TRUE.toString());
}
private void setDubboApplicationQosEnableProperty(Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
defaultProperties.put(DUBBO_APPLICATION_QOS_ENABLE_PROPERTY, Boolean.FALSE.toString());
}
/**
* Set {@link #ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY "spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding"} to be
* <code>true</code> as default.
*
* @param defaultProperties the default {@link Properties properties}
* @see #ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY
* @since 2.7.1
*/
private void setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(Map<String, Object> defaultProperties) {
defaultProperties.put(ALLOW_BEAN_DEFINITION_OVERRIDING_PROPERTY, Boolean.TRUE.toString());
}
/**
* Copy from BusEnvironmentPostProcessor#addOrReplace(MutablePropertySources, Map)
*
* @param propertySources {@link MutablePropertySources}
* @param map Default Dubbo Properties
*/
private void addOrReplace(MutablePropertySources propertySources,
Map<String, Object> map) {
MapPropertySource target = null;
if (propertySources.contains(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME)) {
PropertySource<?> source = propertySources.get(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME);
if (source instanceof MapPropertySource) {
target = (MapPropertySource) source;
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
if (!target.containsProperty(key)) {
target.getSource().put(key, map.get(key));
}
}
}
}
if (target == null) {
target = new MapPropertySource(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, map);
}
if (!propertySources.contains(PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME)) {
propertySources.addLast(target);
}
}
}
``` |
Zygopetalum pedicellatum, commonly known as the Mosen's zygopetalum, is a species of orchid native to southeastern Brazil.
References
External links
pedicellatum
Endemic orchids of Brazil |
The Angel Peak Scenic Area is a BLM recreation area located about 15 miles south of Bloomfield in San Juan County, New Mexico. The recreation area, more than 10,000 acres of rugged terrain, features Angel Peak (elevation 6,988 feet), colorful badlands and deep canyons.
Geology
Angel Peak and the higher terrain are made up of the Eocene San Jose Formation (sandstone), and the badlands are made up of the underlying Paleocene Nacimiento Formation: shale, mudstone, and fine sandstone.
Facilities
Three picnic areas and a campground are located along the canyon rim overlooking Angel Peak and the Kutz Canyon badlands. Angel Peak Campground has nine sites available for tent camping, and features a short nature trail.
Access to the area is via graded county road 7175, from US 550.
See also
Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness
Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wilderness Study Area
San Juan Basin
References
External links
Angel Peak photo gallery from BLM
Angel Peak Scenic Area at Americansouthwest.net
Bureau of Land Management areas in New Mexico
Cenozoic New Mexico
Protected areas of San Juan County, New Mexico
Colorado Plateau |
```c++
#include "filestorhandlerimpl.h"
#include "filestormetrics.h"
#include "mergestatus.h"
#include <vespa/storageapi/message/bucketsplitting.h>
#include <vespa/storageapi/message/persistence.h>
#include <vespa/storage/bucketdb/storbucketdb.h>
#include <vespa/storage/common/statusmessages.h>
#include <vespa/storage/common/messagebucket.h>
#include <vespa/storage/persistence/asynchandler.h>
#include <vespa/storage/persistence/messages.h>
#include <vespa/storageapi/message/stat.h>
#include <vespa/vespalib/stllike/hash_map.hpp>
#include <vespa/vespalib/stllike/hash_set.hpp>
#include <vespa/vespalib/util/exceptions.h>
#include <vespa/vespalib/util/string_escape.h>
#include <vespa/log/log.h>
LOG_SETUP(".persistence.filestor.handler.impl");
using document::BucketSpace;
using vespalib::xml_attribute_escaped;
using vespalib::xml_content_escaped;
namespace storage {
namespace {
uint32_t per_stripe_merge_limit(uint32_t num_threads, uint32_t num_stripes) noexcept {
// Rationale: to avoid starving client ops we want to ensure that not all persistence
// threads in any given stripe can be blocked by processing merges all at the same time.
// We therefore allocate half of the per-stripe threads to non-merge operations.
// Note that if the _total_ number of threads is small and odd (e.g. 3 or 5), it's still
// possible to have a stripe where all threads are busy processing merges because there
// is only 1 thread in the stripe in total.
return std::max(1u, (num_threads / num_stripes) / 2);
}
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::FileStorHandlerImpl(MessageSender& sender, FileStorMetrics& metrics,
ServiceLayerComponentRegister& compReg)
: FileStorHandlerImpl(1, 1, sender, metrics, compReg, vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::DynamicThrottleParams())
{
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::FileStorHandlerImpl(uint32_t numThreads, uint32_t numStripes, MessageSender& sender,
FileStorMetrics& metrics,
ServiceLayerComponentRegister& compReg,
const vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::DynamicThrottleParams& dyn_throttle_params)
: _component(compReg, "filestorhandlerimpl"),
_state(FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE),
_metrics(&metrics),
_dynamic_operation_throttler(vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::make_dynamic_throttler(dyn_throttle_params)),
_unlimited_operation_throttler(vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::make_unlimited_throttler()),
_active_throttler(_unlimited_operation_throttler.get()), // Will be set by FileStorManager
_stripes(),
_messageSender(sender),
_bucketIdFactory(_component.getBucketIdFactory()),
_max_active_merges_per_stripe(per_stripe_merge_limit(numThreads, numStripes)),
_paused(false),
_throttle_apply_bucket_diff_ops(false),
_last_active_operations_stats(),
_max_feed_op_batch_size(1)
{
assert(numStripes > 0);
_stripes.reserve(numStripes);
for (size_t i(0); i < numStripes; i++) {
_stripes.emplace_back(*this, sender);
}
uint32_t j(0);
for (Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.setMetrics(_metrics->stripes[j++].get());
}
// Add update hook, so we will get callbacks each 5 seconds to update metrics.
_component.registerMetricUpdateHook(*this, 5s);
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::~FileStorHandlerImpl()
{
waitUntilNoLocks();
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::addMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket, std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus> status)
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
if (_mergeStates.find(bucket) != _mergeStates.end()) {
LOG(warning, "A merge status already existed for %s. Overwriting it.", bucket.toString().c_str());
}
_mergeStates[bucket] = status;
}
std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus>
FileStorHandlerImpl::editMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket)
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus> status = _mergeStates[bucket];
if ( ! status ) {
throw vespalib::IllegalStateException("No merge state exist for " + bucket.toString(), VESPA_STRLOC);
}
return status;
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::isMerging(const document::Bucket& bucket) const
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
return (_mergeStates.find(bucket) != _mergeStates.end());
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::clearMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket)
{
clearMergeStatus(bucket, nullptr);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::clearMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket, const api::ReturnCode& code)
{
clearMergeStatus(bucket, &code);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::clearMergeStatus(const document::Bucket& bucket, const api::ReturnCode* code)
{
std::lock_guard mlock(_mergeStatesLock);
auto it = _mergeStates.find(bucket);
if (it == _mergeStates.end()) {
if (code != nullptr) {
LOG(debug, "Merge state not present at the time of clear. "
"Could not fail merge of bucket %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
} else {
LOG(debug, "No merge state to clear for bucket %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str());
}
return;
}
if (code != nullptr) {
std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus> statusPtr(it->second);
assert(statusPtr.get());
MergeStatus& status(*statusPtr);
if (status.reply.get()) {
status.reply->setResult(*code);
LOG(debug, "Aborting merge. Replying merge of %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
_messageSender.sendReply(status.reply);
}
if (status.pendingGetDiff.get()) {
status.pendingGetDiff->setResult(*code);
LOG(debug, "Aborting merge. Replying getdiff of %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
_messageSender.sendReply(status.pendingGetDiff);
}
if (status.pendingApplyDiff.get()) {
status.pendingApplyDiff->setResult(*code);
LOG(debug, "Aborting merge. Replying applydiff of %s with code %s.",
bucket.toString().c_str(), code->toString().c_str());
_messageSender.sendReply(status.pendingApplyDiff);
}
}
_mergeStates.erase(bucket);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::flush(bool killPendingMerges)
{
LOG(debug, "Wait until queues and bucket locks released.");
flush();
LOG(debug, "All queues and bucket locks released.");
if (killPendingMerges) {
std::map<document::Bucket, std::shared_ptr<MergeStatus>> my_merge_states;
{
std::lock_guard mergeGuard(_mergeStatesLock);
std::swap(_mergeStates, my_merge_states);
}
api::ReturnCode code(api::ReturnCode::ABORTED, "Storage node is shutting down");
for (auto & entry : my_merge_states) {
MergeStatus& s(*entry.second);
if (s.pendingGetDiff) {
s.pendingGetDiff->setResult(code);
_messageSender.sendReply(s.pendingGetDiff);
}
if (s.pendingApplyDiff) {
s.pendingApplyDiff->setResult(code);
_messageSender.sendReply(s.pendingApplyDiff);
}
if (s.reply) {
s.reply->setResult(code);
_messageSender.sendReply(s.reply);
}
}
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::setDiskState(DiskState state)
{
// Mark disk closed
setState(state);
if (state != FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
flush();
}
}
FileStorHandler::DiskState
FileStorHandlerImpl::getDiskState() const
{
return getState();
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::close()
{
if (getDiskState() == FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
LOG(debug, "AVAILABLE -> CLOSED");
setDiskState(FileStorHandler::CLOSED);
}
LOG(debug, "Closing");
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.broadcast();
}
LOG(debug, "Closed");
}
uint32_t
FileStorHandlerImpl::getQueueSize() const
{
size_t sum(0);
for (const auto & stripe : _stripes) {
sum += stripe.get_cached_queue_size();
}
return sum;
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::schedule(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage>& msg)
{
if (getState() == FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
document::Bucket bucket = getStorageMessageBucket(*msg);
return stripe(bucket).schedule(MessageEntry(msg, bucket, _component.getClock().getMonotonicTime()));
}
return false;
}
FileStorHandler::ScheduleAsyncResult
FileStorHandlerImpl::schedule_and_get_next_async_message(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage>& msg)
{
if (getState() == FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE) {
document::Bucket bucket = getStorageMessageBucket(*msg);
return ScheduleAsyncResult(stripe(bucket).schedule_and_get_next_async_message(MessageEntry(msg, bucket, _component.getClock().getMonotonicTime())));
}
return {};
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::reconfigure_dynamic_throttler(const vespalib::SharedOperationThrottler::DynamicThrottleParams& params)
{
_dynamic_operation_throttler->reconfigure_dynamic_throttling(params);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::use_dynamic_operation_throttling(bool use_dynamic) noexcept
{
// Use release semantics instead of relaxed to ensure transitive visibility even in
// non-persistence threads that try to invoke the throttler (i.e. RPC threads).
_active_throttler.store(use_dynamic ? _dynamic_operation_throttler.get()
: _unlimited_operation_throttler.get(),
std::memory_order_release);
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::messageMayBeAborted(const api::StorageMessage& msg)
{
if (msg.getType().isReply()) {
return false;
}
// Create/DeleteBucket have already updated the bucket database before
// being scheduled and must be allowed through to avoid getting out of
// sync between the service layer and the provider.
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::SPLITBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::JOINBUCKETS_ID:
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVELOCATION_ID:
case api::MessageType::SETBUCKETSTATE_ID:
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::abortQueuedOperations(const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd)
{
// Do queue clearing and active operation waiting in two passes
// to allow disk threads to drain running operations in parallel.
api::ReturnCode abortedCode(api::ReturnCode::ABORTED,
"Sending distributor no longer owns bucket operation was bound to, "
"or storage node went down");
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>> aborted;
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.abort(aborted, cmd);
}
for (auto & msgReply : aborted) {
msgReply->setResult(abortedCode);
_messageSender.sendReply(msgReply);
}
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.waitInactive(cmd);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::update_active_operations_metrics()
{
auto& metrics = _metrics->active_operations;
auto stats = get_active_operations_stats(true);
auto& last_stats = _last_active_operations_stats;
auto delta_stats = stats;
if (last_stats.has_value()) {
delta_stats -= last_stats.value();
}
last_stats = stats;
uint32_t size_samples = delta_stats.get_size_samples();
if (size_samples != 0) {
double min_size = delta_stats.get_min_size().value_or(0);
double max_size = delta_stats.get_max_size().value_or(0);
double avg_size = ((double) delta_stats.get_total_size()) / size_samples;
metrics.size.addValueBatch(avg_size, size_samples, min_size, max_size);
}
uint32_t latency_samples = delta_stats.get_latency_samples();
if (latency_samples != 0) {
double min_latency = delta_stats.get_min_latency().value_or(0.0);
double max_latency = delta_stats.get_max_latency().value_or(0.0);
double avg_latency = delta_stats.get_total_latency() / latency_samples;
metrics.latency.addValueBatch(avg_latency, latency_samples, min_latency, max_latency);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::updateMetrics(const MetricLockGuard &)
{
std::lock_guard lockGuard(_mergeStatesLock);
_metrics->pendingMerges.addValue(_mergeStates.size());
_metrics->queueSize.addValue(getQueueSize());
_metrics->throttle_window_size.addValue(operation_throttler().current_window_size());
_metrics->throttle_waiting_threads.addValue(operation_throttler().waiting_threads());
_metrics->throttle_active_tokens.addValue(operation_throttler().current_active_token_count());
for (const auto & stripe : _metrics->stripes) {
const auto & m = stripe->averageQueueWaitingTime;
_metrics->averageQueueWaitingTime.addTotalValueWithCount(m.getTotal(), m.getCount());
}
update_active_operations_metrics();
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::tryHandlePause() const
{
if (isPaused()) {
// Wait a single time to see if filestor gets unpaused.
if (!isClosed()) {
std::unique_lock g(_pauseMonitor);
_pauseCond.wait_for(g, 100ms);
}
return !isPaused();
}
return true;
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::messageTimedOutInQueue(const api::StorageMessage& msg, vespalib::duration waitTime)
{
if (msg.getType().isReply()) {
return false; // Replies must always be processed and cannot time out.
}
return (waitTime >= static_cast<const api::StorageCommand&>(msg).getTimeout());
}
std::unique_ptr<api::StorageReply>
FileStorHandlerImpl::makeQueueTimeoutReply(api::StorageMessage& msg)
{
assert(!msg.getType().isReply());
std::unique_ptr<api::StorageReply> msgReply = static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(msg).makeReply();
msgReply->setResult(api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::TIMEOUT, "Message waited too long in storage queue"));
return msgReply;
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::getNextMessage(uint32_t stripeId, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
if (!tryHandlePause()) {
return {}; // Still paused, return to allow tick.
}
return _stripes[stripeId].getNextMessage(deadline);
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessageBatch
FileStorHandlerImpl::next_message_batch(uint32_t stripe_id, vespalib::steady_time now, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
if (!tryHandlePause()) {
return {};
}
return _stripes[stripe_id].next_message_batch(now, deadline);
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::LockedMessageBatch::release_as_single_msg() noexcept
{
assert(lock && messages.size() == 1);
return {std::move(lock), std::move(messages[0].first), std::move(messages[0].second)};
}
std::shared_ptr<FileStorHandler::BucketLockInterface>
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::lock(const document::Bucket &bucket, api::LockingRequirements lockReq) {
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (isLocked(guard, bucket, lockReq)) {
LOG(spam, "Contending for filestor lock for %s with %s access",
bucket.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), api::to_string(lockReq));
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
return std::make_shared<BucketLock>(guard, *this, bucket, 255, api::MessageType::INTERNAL_ID, 0, lockReq);
}
namespace {
struct MultiLockGuard {
using monitor_guard = FileStorHandlerImpl::monitor_guard;
std::map<uint16_t, std::mutex*> monitors;
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<monitor_guard>> guards;
MultiLockGuard();
MultiLockGuard(const MultiLockGuard &) = delete;
MultiLockGuard & operator=(const MultiLockGuard &) = delete;
~MultiLockGuard();
void addLock(std::mutex & lock, uint16_t stripe_index) {
monitors[stripe_index] = & lock;
}
void lock() {
for (auto & entry : monitors) {
guards.push_back(std::make_shared<monitor_guard>(*entry.second));
}
}
};
MultiLockGuard::MultiLockGuard() = default;
MultiLockGuard::~MultiLockGuard() = default;
document::DocumentId
getDocId(const api::StorageMessage& msg) {
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::GET_ID:
return static_cast<const api::GetCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
return static_cast<const api::PutCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::UpdateCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::RemoveCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId();
break;
default:
LOG_ABORT("should not be reached");
}
}
uint32_t
findCommonBits(document::BucketId a, document::BucketId b) {
if (a.getUsedBits() > b.getUsedBits()) {
a.setUsedBits(b.getUsedBits());
} else {
b.setUsedBits(a.getUsedBits());
}
for (uint32_t i=a.getUsedBits() - 1; i>0; --i) {
if (a == b) return i + 1;
a.setUsedBits(i);
b.setUsedBits(i);
}
return (a == b ? 1 : 0);
}
}
int
FileStorHandlerImpl::calculateTargetBasedOnDocId(const api::StorageMessage& msg, std::vector<RemapInfo*>& targets)
{
document::DocumentId id(getDocId(msg));
document::Bucket bucket(msg.getBucket().getBucketSpace(), _bucketIdFactory.getBucketId(id));
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < targets.size(); i++) {
if (targets[i]->bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0 &&
targets[i]->bucket.getBucketSpace() == bucket.getBucketSpace() &&
targets[i]->bucket.getBucketId().contains(bucket.getBucketId())) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
namespace {
const char *
splitOrJoin(FileStorHandlerImpl::Operation op) {
return (op == FileStorHandlerImpl::Operation::SPLIT) ? "Bucket was just split" : "Bucket was just joined";
}
}
document::Bucket
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapMessage(api::StorageMessage& msg, const document::Bucket& source, Operation op,
std::vector<RemapInfo*>& targets, api::ReturnCode& returnCode)
{
document::Bucket newBucket = source;
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::GET_ID:
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
// Move to correct queue
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op == SPLIT) {
int idx = calculateTargetBasedOnDocId(msg, targets);
if (idx > -1) {
cmd.remapBucketId(targets[idx]->bucket.getBucketId());
targets[idx]->foundInQueue = true;
newBucket = targets[idx]->bucket;
} else {
document::DocumentId did(getDocId(msg));
document::BucketId bucket = _bucketIdFactory.getBucketId(did);
uint32_t commonBits(findCommonBits(targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId(), bucket));
if (commonBits < source.getBucketId().getUsedBits()) {
std::ostringstream ost;
ost << bucket << " belongs in neither "
<< targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId() << " nor " << targets[1]->bucket.getBucketId()
<< ". Cannot remap it after split. It "
<< "did not belong in the original "
<< "bucket " << source.getBucketId();
LOG(error, "Error remapping %s after split %s",
cmd.getType().toString().c_str(), ost.str().c_str());
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::REJECTED, ost.str());
} else {
std::ostringstream ost;
assert(targets.size() == 2);
ost << "Bucket " << source.getBucketId() << " was split and "
<< "neither bucket " << targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId() << " nor "
<< targets[1]->bucket.getBucketId() << " fit for this operation. "
<< "Failing operation so distributor can create "
<< "bucket on correct node.";
LOG(debug, "%s", ost.str().c_str());
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, ost.str());
}
}
} else {
LOG(debug, "Remapping %s operation to bucket %s",
cmd.toString().c_str(), targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId().toString().c_str());
cmd.remapBucketId(targets[0]->bucket.getBucketId());
newBucket = targets[0]->bucket;
}
} else {
LOG(debug, "Did not remap %s with bucket %s from bucket %s",
cmd.toString().c_str(), cmd.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), source.toString().c_str());
LOG_ABORT("should not be reached");
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
// Move to correct queue including filestor thread state
// if op == MOVE. If op != MOVE, fail with bucket not found
// and clear filestor thread state
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
std::ostringstream ost;
ost << "Bucket " << (op == SPLIT ? "split" : "joined")
<< ". Cannot remap merge, so aborting it";
api::ReturnCode code(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, ost.str());
clearMergeStatus(cmd.getBucket(), &code);
}
}
// Follow onto next to move queue or fail
}
[[fallthrough]];
case api::MessageType::SPLITBUCKET_ID:
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op is JOIN
// Ok if op is SPLIT, as we have already done as requested.
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op == MOVE) {
} else if (op == SPLIT) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, "Bucket split while operation enqueued");
} else {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, "Bucket was just joined");
}
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::STAT_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVELOCATION_ID:
case api::MessageType::SETBUCKETSTATE_ID:
{
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op != MOVE
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, splitOrJoin(op));
}
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::CREATEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::JOINBUCKETS_ID:
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE. Otherwise ignore.
{
api::BucketCommand& cmd(static_cast<api::BucketCommand&>(msg));
if (cmd.getBucket() == source) {
if (op == MOVE) {
}
}
break;
}
case api::MessageType::INTERNAL_ID:
{
const api::InternalCommand& icmd(static_cast<const api::InternalCommand&>(msg));
document::Bucket bucket;
switch(icmd.getType()) {
case RequestStatusPage::ID:
// Ignore
break;
case CreateIteratorCommand::ID:
bucket = static_cast<CreateIteratorCommand&>(msg).getBucket();
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op != MOVE
if (bucket == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, splitOrJoin(op));
}
}
break;
case GetIterCommand::ID:
bucket = static_cast<GetIterCommand&>(msg).getBucket();
// Move to correct queue if op == MOVE
// Fail with bucket not found if op != MOVE
if (bucket == source) {
if (op != MOVE) {
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::BUCKET_DELETED, splitOrJoin(op));
}
}
break;
case RecheckBucketInfoCommand::ID:
{
LOG(debug, "While remapping load for bucket %s for reason %u, "
"we abort read bucket info request for this bucket.",
source.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), op);
break;
}
case RunTaskCommand::ID:
LOG(debug, "While remapping load for bucket %s for reason %u, "
"we fail the RunTaskCommand.",
source.getBucketId().toString().c_str(), op);
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::INTERNAL_FAILURE,
"Will not run task that should be remapped.");
break;
default:
// Fail and log error
{
LOG(error, "Attempted (and failed) to remap %s which should not be processed at this time",
msg.toString(true).c_str());
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::INTERNAL_FAILURE,
"No such message should be processed at this time.");
break;
}
}
break;
}
default:
{
returnCode = api::ReturnCode(api::ReturnCode::INTERNAL_FAILURE, "Unknown message type in persistence layer");
LOG(error, "Unknown message type in persistence layer: %s", msg.toString().c_str());
}
} // End of switch
return newBucket;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueueNoLock(const RemapInfo& source, std::vector<RemapInfo*>& targets, Operation op)
{
BucketIdx& idx(stripe(source.bucket).exposeBucketIdx());
auto range(idx.equal_range(source.bucket));
std::vector<MessageEntry> entriesFound;
// Find all the messages for the given bucket.
for (BucketIdx::iterator i = range.first; i != range.second; ++i) {
assert(i->_bucket == source.bucket);
entriesFound.push_back(std::move(*i));
}
// Remove them
idx.erase(range.first, range.second);
// Reinsert all that can be remapped.
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entriesFound.size(); ++i) {
// If set to something other than source.diskIndex, move this message
// to that queue.
MessageEntry& entry = entriesFound[i];
// If not OK, reply to this message with the following message
api::ReturnCode returnCode(api::ReturnCode::OK);
api::StorageMessage& msg(*entry._command);
assert(entry._bucket == source.bucket);
document::Bucket bucket = remapMessage(msg, source.bucket, op, targets, returnCode);
if (returnCode.getResult() != api::ReturnCode::OK) {
// Fail message if errorcode set
if (!msg.getType().isReply()) {
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply> rep = static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(msg).makeReply();
LOG(spam, "Sending reply %s because remapping failed: %s",
msg.toString().c_str(), returnCode.toString().c_str());
rep->setResult(returnCode);
_messageSender.sendReply(rep);
}
} else {
entry._bucket = bucket;
// Move to correct disk queue if needed
assert(bucket == source.bucket || std::find_if(targets.begin(), targets.end(), [bucket](auto* e){
return e->bucket == bucket;
}) != targets.end());
stripe(bucket).exposeQueue().emplace_back(std::move(entry));
}
}
stripe(source.bucket).unsafe_update_cached_queue_size();
for (const auto *target: targets) {
stripe(target->bucket).unsafe_update_cached_queue_size();
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueueAfterJoin(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target)
{
remapQueue(source, target, FileStorHandlerImpl::JOIN);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueueAfterSplit(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target1, RemapInfo& target2)
{
remapQueue(source, target1, target2, FileStorHandlerImpl::SPLIT);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueue(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target, Operation op)
{
// Use a helper class to lock to solve issue that some buckets might be
// the same bucket. Will fix order if we accept wrong order later.
MultiLockGuard guard;
guard.addLock(stripe(source.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(source.bucket));
if (target.bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
guard.addLock(stripe(target.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(target.bucket));
}
std::vector<RemapInfo*> targets;
targets.push_back(&target);
guard.lock();
remapQueueNoLock(source, targets, op);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::remapQueue(const RemapInfo& source, RemapInfo& target1, RemapInfo& target2, Operation op)
{
// Use a helper class to lock to solve issue that some buckets might be
// the same bucket. Will fix order if we accept wrong order later.
MultiLockGuard guard;
guard.addLock(stripe(source.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(source.bucket));
if (target1.bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
guard.addLock(stripe(target1.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(target1.bucket));
}
if (target2.bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
guard.addLock(stripe(target2.bucket).exposeLock(), stripe_index(target2.bucket));
}
guard.lock();
std::vector<RemapInfo*> targets;
targets.push_back(&target1);
targets.push_back(&target2);
remapQueueNoLock(source, targets, op);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::failOperations(const document::Bucket &bucket, const api::ReturnCode& err)
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
BucketIdx& idx(bmi::get<2>(*_queue));
std::pair<BucketIdx::iterator, BucketIdx::iterator> range(idx.equal_range(bucket));
for (auto iter = range.first; iter != range.second;) {
// We want to post delete bucket to list before calling this
// function in order to release bucket database lock. Thus we
// cannot delete the delete bucket operation itself
if (iter->_command->getType() != api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET) {
if (!iter->_command->getType().isReply()) {
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply> msgReply = static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(*iter->_command).makeReply();
msgReply->setResult(err);
_messageSender.sendReply(msgReply);
}
iter = idx.erase(iter);
} else {
++iter;
}
}
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::sendCommand(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageCommand>& msg)
{
_messageSender.sendCommand(msg);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::sendReply(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>& msg)
{
_messageSender.sendReply(msg);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::sendReplyDirectly(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>& msg)
{
_messageSender.sendReplyDirectly(msg);
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::MessageEntry(const std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage>& cmd,
const document::Bucket& bucket,
vespalib::steady_time scheduled_at_time)
: _command(cmd),
_timer(scheduled_at_time),
_bucket(bucket),
_priority(cmd->getPriority())
{ }
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::MessageEntry(const MessageEntry& entry) noexcept
: _command(entry._command),
_timer(entry._timer),
_bucket(entry._bucket),
_priority(entry._priority)
{ }
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::MessageEntry(MessageEntry && entry) noexcept
: _command(std::move(entry._command)),
_timer(entry._timer),
_bucket(entry._bucket),
_priority(entry._priority)
{ }
FileStorHandlerImpl::MessageEntry::~MessageEntry() = default;
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::~Stripe() = default;
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::Stripe(Stripe &&) noexcept = default;
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::flush()
{
for (auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.flush();
}
}
uint64_t
FileStorHandlerImpl::dispersed_bucket_bits(const document::Bucket& bucket) noexcept {
return vespalib::xxhash::xxh3_64(bucket.getBucketId().getId());
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::Stripe(const FileStorHandlerImpl & owner, MessageSender & messageSender)
: _owner(owner),
_messageSender(messageSender),
_metrics(nullptr),
_lock(std::make_unique<std::mutex>()),
_cond(std::make_unique<std::condition_variable>()),
_queue(std::make_unique<PriorityQueue>()),
_cached_queue_size(_queue->size()),
_lockedBuckets(),
_active_merges(0),
_active_operations_stats()
{}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::operation_type_should_be_throttled(api::MessageType::Id type_id) const noexcept
{
// Note: SetBucketState is intentionally _not_ included in this set, even though it's
// dispatched async. The rationale behind this is that SetBucketState is very cheap
// to execute, usually comes in large waves (up to #buckets count) and processing all
// requests should complete as quickly as possible. We also don't want such waves to
// artificially boost the dynamic throttle window size due to a sudden throughput spike.
//
// Merge-related operations are transitively throttled by using the operation throttler
// directly for all async ops within the MergeHandler.
switch (type_id) {
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
case api::MessageType::REMOVELOCATION_ID:
case api::MessageType::CREATEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET_ID:
return true;
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
return _owner.throttle_apply_bucket_diff_ops();
default:
return false;
}
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::next_message_impl(monitor_guard& guard, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
ThrottleToken throttle_token;
// Try to grab a message+lock, immediately retrying once after a wait
// if none can be found and then exiting if the same is the case on the
// second attempt. This is key to allowing the run loop to register
// ticks at regular intervals while not busy-waiting.
for (int attempt = 0; (attempt < 2) && !_owner.isPaused(); ++attempt) {
PriorityIdx& idx(bmi::get<1>(*_queue));
PriorityIdx::iterator iter(idx.begin()), end(idx.end());
bool was_throttled = false;
while ((iter != end) && operationIsInhibited(guard, iter->_bucket, *iter->_command)) {
iter++;
}
if (iter != end) {
const bool should_throttle_op = operation_type_should_be_throttled(iter->_command->getType().getId());
if (!should_throttle_op && throttle_token.valid()) {
throttle_token.reset(); // Let someone else play with it.
} else if (should_throttle_op && !throttle_token.valid()) {
// Important: _non-blocking_ attempt at getting a throttle token.
throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().try_acquire_one();
if (!throttle_token.valid()) {
was_throttled = true;
_metrics->throttled_persistence_thread_polls.inc();
}
}
if (!should_throttle_op || throttle_token.valid()) {
return getMessage(guard, idx, iter, std::move(throttle_token));
}
}
if (attempt == 0) {
// Depending on whether we were blocked due to no usable ops in queue or throttling,
// wait for either the queue or throttler to (hopefully) have some fresh stuff for us.
if (!was_throttled) {
_cond->wait_until(guard, deadline);
} else {
// Have to release lock before doing a blocking throttle token fetch, since it
// prevents RPC threads from pushing onto the queue.
guard.unlock();
throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().blocking_acquire_one(deadline);
guard.lock();
if (!throttle_token.valid()) {
_metrics->timeouts_waiting_for_throttle_token.inc();
return {}; // Already exhausted our timeout window.
}
}
}
}
return {}; // No message fetched.
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::getNextMessage(vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
return next_message_impl(guard, deadline);
}
namespace {
constexpr bool is_batchable_feed_op(api::MessageType::Id id) noexcept {
return (id == api::MessageType::PUT_ID ||
id == api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID ||
id == api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID);
}
// Precondition: msg must be a feed operation request (put, remove, update)
document::GlobalId gid_from_feed_op(const api::StorageMessage& msg) {
switch (msg.getType().getId()) {
case api::MessageType::PUT_ID:
return static_cast<const api::PutCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId().getGlobalId();
case api::MessageType::REMOVE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::RemoveCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId().getGlobalId();
case api::MessageType::UPDATE_ID:
return static_cast<const api::UpdateCommand&>(msg).getDocumentId().getGlobalId();
default: abort();
}
}
} // anon ns
FileStorHandler::LockedMessageBatch
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::next_message_batch(vespalib::steady_time now, vespalib::steady_time deadline)
{
const auto max_batch_size = _owner.max_feed_op_batch_size();
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
auto initial_locked = next_message_impl(guard, deadline);
if (!initial_locked.lock || !is_batchable_feed_op(initial_locked.msg->getType().getId()) || (max_batch_size == 1)) {
return LockedMessageBatch(std::move(initial_locked));
}
LockedMessageBatch batch(std::move(initial_locked));
fill_feed_op_batch(guard, batch, max_batch_size, now);
return batch;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::fill_feed_op_batch(monitor_guard& guard, LockedMessageBatch& batch,
uint32_t max_batch_size, vespalib::steady_time now)
{
assert(batch.size() == 1);
assert(guard.owns_lock());
BucketIdx& idx = bmi::get<2>(*_queue);
auto bucket_msgs = idx.equal_range(batch.lock->getBucket());
// Process in FIFO order (_not_ priority order) until we hit the end, a non-batchable operation
// (implicit pipeline stall since bucket set might change) or can't get another throttle token.
// We also stall the pipeline if we get a concurrent modification to the same document (not expected,
// as the distributors should prevent this, but _technically_ it is possible).
const auto expected_max_size = std::min(ssize_t(max_batch_size), std::distance(bucket_msgs.first, bucket_msgs.second) + 1);
vespalib::hash_set<document::GlobalId, document::GlobalId::hash> gids_in_batch(expected_max_size);
gids_in_batch.insert(gid_from_feed_op(*batch.messages[0].first));
for (auto it = bucket_msgs.first; (it != bucket_msgs.second) && (batch.messages.size() < max_batch_size);) {
if (!is_batchable_feed_op(it->_command->getType().getId())) {
break;
}
auto [existing_iter, inserted] = gids_in_batch.insert(gid_from_feed_op(*it->_command));
if (!inserted) {
break; // Already present in batch
}
if (messageTimedOutInQueue(*it->_command, now - it->_timer.start_time())) {
// We just ignore timed out ops here; actually generating a timeout reply will be done by
// next_message_impl() during a subsequent invocation. This avoids having to deal with any
// potential issues caused by sending a reply up while holding the queue lock, since we
// can't release it here.
++it;
continue;
}
auto throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().try_acquire_one();
if (!throttle_token.valid()) {
break;
}
// Note: iterator is const; can't std::move(it->_command)
batch.messages.emplace_back(it->_command, std::move(throttle_token));
it = idx.erase(it);
}
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::get_next_async_message(monitor_guard& guard)
{
if (_owner.isPaused()) {
return {};
}
PriorityIdx& idx(bmi::get<1>(*_queue));
PriorityIdx::iterator iter(idx.begin()), end(idx.end());
while ((iter != end) && operationIsInhibited(guard, iter->_bucket, *iter->_command)) {
++iter;
}
if ((iter != end) && AsyncHandler::is_async_unconditional_message(*(iter->_command))) {
// This is executed in the context of an RPC thread, so only do a _non-blocking_
// poll of the throttle policy.
auto throttle_token = _owner.operation_throttler().try_acquire_one();
if (throttle_token.valid()) {
return getMessage(guard, idx, iter, std::move(throttle_token));
} else {
_metrics->throttled_rpc_direct_dispatches.inc();
}
}
return {};
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::getMessage(monitor_guard & guard, PriorityIdx & idx, PriorityIdx::iterator iter,
ThrottleToken throttle_token)
{
std::chrono::milliseconds waitTime(uint64_t(iter->_timer.stop(
_owner._component.getClock().getMonotonicTime(),
_metrics->averageQueueWaitingTime)));
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageMessage> msg = iter->_command; // iter is const; can't std::move()
document::Bucket bucket(iter->_bucket);
idx.erase(iter); // iter not used after this point.
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
if (!messageTimedOutInQueue(*msg, waitTime)) {
auto locker = std::make_unique<BucketLock>(guard, *this, bucket, msg->getPriority(),
msg->getType().getId(), msg->getMsgId(),
msg->lockingRequirements());
return {std::move(locker), std::move(msg), std::move(throttle_token)};
} else {
std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply> msgReply(makeQueueTimeoutReply(*msg));
_cond->notify_all();
guard.unlock();
_messageSender.sendReply(msgReply);
return {};
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::waitUntilNoLocks() const
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (!_lockedBuckets.empty()) {
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::waitInactive(const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd) const {
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (hasActive(guard, cmd)) {
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::hasActive(monitor_guard &, const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd) const {
for (auto& lockedBucket : _lockedBuckets) {
if (cmd.shouldAbort(lockedBucket.first)) {
LOG(spam, "Disk had active operation for aborted bucket %s, waiting for it to complete...",
lockedBucket.first.toString().c_str());
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::abort(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<api::StorageReply>> & aborted,
const AbortBucketOperationsCommand& cmd)
{
std::lock_guard lockGuard(*_lock);
for (auto it(_queue->begin()); it != _queue->end();) {
api::StorageMessage& msg(*it->_command);
if (messageMayBeAborted(msg) && cmd.shouldAbort(it->_bucket)) {
aborted.emplace_back(static_cast<api::StorageCommand&>(msg).makeReply());
it = _queue->erase(it);
} else {
++it;
}
}
update_cached_queue_size(lockGuard);
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::schedule(MessageEntry messageEntry)
{
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
_queue->emplace_back(std::move(messageEntry));
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
}
_cond->notify_one();
return true;
}
FileStorHandler::LockedMessage
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::schedule_and_get_next_async_message(MessageEntry entry)
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
_queue->emplace_back(std::move(entry));
update_cached_queue_size(guard);
auto lockedMessage = get_next_async_message(guard);
if ( ! lockedMessage.msg) {
_cond->notify_one();
}
return lockedMessage;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::flush()
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
while (!(_queue->empty() && _lockedBuckets.empty())) {
LOG(debug, "Still %ld in queue and %ld locked buckets", _queue->size(), _lockedBuckets.size());
_cond->wait_for(guard, 100ms);
}
}
namespace {
bool
message_type_is_merge_related(api::MessageType::Id msg_type_id) noexcept {
switch (msg_type_id) {
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_ID:
case api::MessageType::MERGEBUCKET_REPLY_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::GETBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_ID:
case api::MessageType::APPLYBUCKETDIFF_REPLY_ID:
// DeleteBucket is usually (but not necessarily) executed in the context of a higher-level
// merge operation, but we include it here since we want to enforce that not all threads
// in a stripe can dispatch a bucket delete at the same time. This also provides a strict
// upper bound on the number of in-flight bucket deletes in the persistence core.
case api::MessageType::DELETEBUCKET_ID:
return true;
default: return false;
}
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::release(const document::Bucket & bucket,
api::LockingRequirements reqOfReleasedLock,
api::StorageMessage::Id lockMsgId,
bool was_active_merge)
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
auto iter = _lockedBuckets.find(bucket);
assert(iter != _lockedBuckets.end());
auto& entry = iter->second;
Clock::time_point start_time;
bool wasExclusive = (reqOfReleasedLock == api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive);
if (wasExclusive) {
assert(entry._exclusiveLock);
assert(entry._exclusiveLock->msgId == lockMsgId);
if (was_active_merge) {
assert(_active_merges > 0);
--_active_merges;
}
start_time = entry._exclusiveLock.value().timestamp;
entry._exclusiveLock.reset();
} else {
assert(!entry._exclusiveLock);
auto shared_iter = entry._sharedLocks.find(lockMsgId);
assert(shared_iter != entry._sharedLocks.end());
start_time = shared_iter->second.timestamp;
entry._sharedLocks.erase(shared_iter);
}
Clock::time_point now_ts = Clock::now();
double latency = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(now_ts - start_time).count();
_active_operations_stats.guard().stats().operation_done(latency);
if (!entry._exclusiveLock && entry._sharedLocks.empty()) {
_lockedBuckets.erase(iter); // No more locks held
}
bool emptySharedLocks = entry._sharedLocks.empty();
if (wasExclusive) {
_cond->notify_all();
} else if (emptySharedLocks) {
_cond->notify_one();
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::decrease_active_sync_merges_counter() noexcept
{
std::unique_lock guard(*_lock);
assert(_active_merges > 0);
const bool may_have_blocked_merge = (_active_merges == _owner._max_active_merges_per_stripe);
--_active_merges;
if (may_have_blocked_merge) {
_cond->notify_all();
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::lock(const monitor_guard &, const document::Bucket & bucket,
api::LockingRequirements lockReq, bool count_as_active_merge,
const LockEntry & lockEntry) {
auto& entry = _lockedBuckets[bucket];
assert(!entry._exclusiveLock);
if (lockReq == api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive) {
assert(entry._sharedLocks.empty());
if (count_as_active_merge) {
++_active_merges;
}
entry._exclusiveLock = lockEntry;
} else {
// TODO use a hash set with a custom comparator/hasher instead...?
auto inserted = entry._sharedLocks.insert(std::make_pair(lockEntry.msgId, lockEntry));
(void) inserted;
assert(inserted.second);
}
_active_operations_stats.guard().stats().operation_started();
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::isLocked(const monitor_guard &, const document::Bucket& bucket,
api::LockingRequirements lockReq) const noexcept
{
if (bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() == 0) {
return false;
}
auto iter = _lockedBuckets.find(bucket);
if (iter == _lockedBuckets.end()) {
return false;
}
if (iter->second._exclusiveLock) {
return true;
}
// Shared locks can be taken alongside other shared locks, but exclusive locks
// require that no shared locks are currently present.
return ((lockReq == api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive)
&& !iter->second._sharedLocks.empty());
}
bool
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::operationIsInhibited(const monitor_guard & guard, const document::Bucket& bucket,
const api::StorageMessage& msg) const noexcept
{
if (message_type_is_merge_related(msg.getType().getId())
&& (_active_merges >= _owner._max_active_merges_per_stripe))
{
return true;
}
return isLocked(guard, bucket, msg.lockingRequirements());
}
ActiveOperationsStats
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::get_active_operations_stats(bool reset_min_max) const
{
auto guard = _active_operations_stats.guard();
auto result = guard.stats();
if (reset_min_max) {
guard.stats().reset_min_max();
}
return result;
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::BucketLock::BucketLock(const monitor_guard& guard, Stripe& stripe,
const document::Bucket& bucket, uint8_t priority,
api::MessageType::Id msgType, api::StorageMessage::Id msgId,
api::LockingRequirements lockReq)
: _stripe(stripe),
_bucket(bucket),
_uniqueMsgId(msgId),
_lockReq(lockReq),
_counts_towards_merge_limit(false)
{
if (_bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
_counts_towards_merge_limit = message_type_is_merge_related(msgType);
_stripe.lock(guard, _bucket, lockReq, _counts_towards_merge_limit, Stripe::LockEntry(priority, msgType, msgId));
LOG(spam, "Locked bucket %s for message %" PRIu64 " with priority %u in mode %s",
bucket.toString().c_str(), msgId, priority, api::to_string(lockReq));
}
}
FileStorHandlerImpl::BucketLock::~BucketLock() {
if (_bucket.getBucketId().getRawId() != 0) {
_stripe.release(_bucket, _lockReq, _uniqueMsgId, _counts_towards_merge_limit);
LOG(spam, "Unlocked bucket %s for message %" PRIu64 " in mode %s",
_bucket.toString().c_str(), _uniqueMsgId, api::to_string(_lockReq));
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::BucketLock::signal_operation_sync_phase_done() noexcept
{
// Not atomic, only destructor can read/write this other than this function, and since
// a strong ref must already be held to this object by the caller, we cannot race with it.
if (_counts_towards_merge_limit){
LOG(spam, "Synchronous phase for bucket %s is done; reducing active count proactively",
_bucket.toString().c_str());
_stripe.decrease_active_sync_merges_counter();
_counts_towards_merge_limit = false;
}
}
std::string
FileStorHandlerImpl::dumpQueue() const
{
std::ostringstream os;
for (const Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.dumpQueue(os);
}
return os.str();
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::dumpQueueHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
for (const Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.dumpQueueHtml(os);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::dumpActiveHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
for (const Stripe & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.dumpActiveHtml(os);
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::dumpQueueHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
const PriorityIdx& idx = bmi::get<1>(*_queue);
for (const auto & entry : idx) {
os << "<li>" << xml_content_escaped(entry._command->toString()) << " (priority: "
<< static_cast<int>(entry._command->getPriority()) << ")</li>\n";
}
}
namespace {
void
dump_lock_entry(const document::BucketId& bucketId, const FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::LockEntry& entry,
api::LockingRequirements lock_mode, FileStorHandlerImpl::Clock::time_point now_ts, std::ostream& os) {
os << api::MessageType::get(entry.msgType).getName() << ":" << entry.msgId << " ("
<< bucketId << ", " << api::to_string(lock_mode)
<< " lock) Running for " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(now_ts - entry.timestamp).count() << " secs<br/>\n";
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::dumpActiveHtml(std::ostream & os) const
{
Clock::time_point now = Clock::now();
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
for (const auto & e : _lockedBuckets) {
if (e.second._exclusiveLock) {
dump_lock_entry(e.first.getBucketId(), *e.second._exclusiveLock,
api::LockingRequirements::Exclusive, now, os);
}
for (const auto& shared : e.second._sharedLocks) {
dump_lock_entry(e.first.getBucketId(), shared.second,
api::LockingRequirements::Shared, now, os);
}
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::Stripe::dumpQueue(std::ostream & os) const
{
std::lock_guard guard(*_lock);
const PriorityIdx& idx = bmi::get<1>(*_queue);
for (const auto & entry : idx) {
os << entry._bucket.getBucketId() << ": "
<< xml_content_escaped(entry._command->toString())
<< " (priority: " << static_cast<int>(entry._command->getPriority()) << ")\n";
}
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::getStatus(std::ostream& out, const framework::HttpUrlPath& path) const
{
bool verbose = path.hasAttribute("verbose");
out << "<h1>Filestor handler</h1>\n";
out << "<h2>Disk " << "</h2>\n";
out << "Queue size: " << getQueueSize() << "<br>\n";
out << "Disk state: ";
switch (getState()) {
case FileStorHandler::AVAILABLE: out << "AVAILABLE"; break;
case FileStorHandler::CLOSED: out << "CLOSED"; break;
}
out << "<h4>Active operations</h4>\n";
dumpActiveHtml(out);
if (verbose) {
out << "<h4>Input queue</h4>\n";
out << "<ul>\n";
dumpQueueHtml(out);
out << "</ul>\n";
}
std::lock_guard mergeGuard(_mergeStatesLock);
out << "<p>Active merge operations: " << _mergeStates.size() << "</p>\n";
if (verbose) {
out << "<h4>Active merges</h4>\n";
if (_mergeStates.empty()) {
out << "None\n";
}
for (auto & entry : _mergeStates) {
out << "<b>" << entry.first.toString() << "</b><br>\n";
}
}
}
ActiveOperationsStats
FileStorHandlerImpl::get_active_operations_stats(bool reset_min_max) const
{
ActiveOperationsStats result;
for (const auto & stripe : _stripes) {
auto stats = stripe.get_active_operations_stats(reset_min_max);
result.merge(stats);
}
return result;
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::waitUntilNoLocks()
{
for (const auto & stripe : _stripes) {
stripe.waitUntilNoLocks();
}
}
ResumeGuard
FileStorHandlerImpl::pause()
{
_paused.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
waitUntilNoLocks();
return ResumeGuard(*this);
}
void
FileStorHandlerImpl::resume()
{
std::unique_lock guard(_pauseMonitor);
_paused.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
_pauseCond.notify_all();
}
} // storage
``` |
In mathematics, constructive analysis is mathematical analysis done according to some principles of constructive mathematics.
Introduction
The name of the subject contrasts with classical analysis, which in this context means analysis done according to the more common principles of classical mathematics. However, there are various schools of thought and many different formalizations of constructive analysis. Whether classical or constructive in some fashion, any such framework of analysis axiomatizes the real number line by some means, a collection extending the rationals and with an apartness relation definable from an asymmetric order structure. Center stage takes a positivity predicate, here denoted , which governs an equality-to-zero . The members of the collection are generally just called the real numbers. While this term is thus overloaded in the subject, all the frameworks share a broad common core of results that are also theorems of classical analysis.
Constructive frameworks for its formulation are extensions of Heyting arithmetic by types including , constructive second-order arithmetic, or strong enough topos-, type- or constructive set theories such as , a constructive counter-part of . Of course, a direct axiomatization may be studied as well.
Logical preliminaries
The base logic of constructive analysis is intuitionistic logic, which means that the principle of excluded middle is not automatically assumed for every proposition. If a proposition is provable, this exactly means that the non-existence claim being provable would be absurd, and so the latter cannot also be provable in a consistent theory. The double-negated existence claim is a logically negative statement and implied by, but generally not equivalent to the existence claim itself. Much of the intricacies of constructive analysis can be framed in terms of the weakness of propositions of the logically negative form , which is generally weaker than . In turn, also an implication can generally be not reversed.
While a constructive theory proves fewer theorems than its classical counter-part in its classical presentation, it may exhibit attractive meta-logical properties. For example, if a theory exhibits the disjunction property, then if it proves a disjunction then also or . Already in classical arithmetic, this is violated for the most basic propositions about sequences of numbers - as demonstrated next.
Undecidable predicates
Consider a decidable predicate on the naturals, which in the constructive vernacular means is provable, and let be the characteristic function defined to equal exactly where is true.
A common strategy of formalization of real numbers is in terms of sequences or rationals, . For motivation, consider the sequence , which is monotone with values non-strictly growing between the bounds and .
For the sake of demonstration, defining an extensional equality to the zero sequence , it follows that . Note that the symbol "" is used in several contexts here.
In the following, as is usual, assume the theories at hand are consistent. For any theory capturing arithmetic, there are many undecided and even provenly independent such statements . Two -examples are the Goldbach conjecture and the Rosser sentence of a theory. Consider any theory with quantifiers ranging over primitive recursive, rational-valued sequences. Already minimal logic proves the non-contradiction claim for any proposition, and that the negation of excluded middle for any given proposition would be absurd. This also means there is no consistent anti-classical theory rejecting the excluded middle disjunction for any given proposition. Indeed, it holds that
This theorem is logically equivalent to the non-existence claim of a sequence for which the excluded middle disjunction about equality-to-zero would be disprovable. No sequence with that disjunction being rejected can be exhibited.
Now Gödel's theorems mean that there is an explicit sequence such that for any fixed precision proves the zero-sequence to be a good approximation to , but it can also meta-logically be established that as well as . Here this proposition again amounts to the proposition of universally quantified form.
If the theory is formulated over a logic accepting then, without reference to the axioms of the particular theory and hand, trivially also
even if these disjunction claims then do not carry any information. In the absence of further axioms breaking the meta-logical properties, constructive entailment instead generally reflects provability. Taboo statements that ought not be decidable (if the aim is to respect the provability interpretation of constructive claims) can be design for definitions of a custom equivalence "" in formalizations below as well. For implications of disjunctions of yet not proven or disproven propositions, one speaks of weak Brouwerian counterexamples.
Order vs. disjunctions
The theory of the real closed field may be axiomatized such that all the non-logical axioms are in accordance with constructive principles. This concerns a commutative ring with postulates for a positivity predicate , with a positive unit and non-positive zero, i.e., and . In any such ring, one may define , which constitutes a strict total order in its constructive formulation (also called linear order or, to be explicit about the context, a pseudo-order). As is usual, is defined as .
This first-order theory is relevant as the structures discussed below are model thereof. However, this section thus does not concern aspects akin to topology and relevant arithmetic substructures are not definable therein.
As explained, various predicates will fail to be decidable in a constructive formulation, such as these formed from order-theoretical relations. This includes "", which will be rendered equivalent to a negation. Crucial disjunctions are now discussed explicitly.
Trichotomy
In intuitonistic logic, the disjunctive syllogism in the form generally really only goes in the -direction. In a pseudo-order, one has
and indeed at most one of the three can hold at once. But the stronger, logically positive law of trichotomy disjunction does not hold in general, i.e. it is not provable that for all reals,
See analytical . Other disjunctions are however implied based on other positivity results, e.g. . Likewise, the asymmetric order in the theory ought to fulfill the weak linearity property for all , related to locatedness of the reals.
The theory shall validate further axioms concerning the relation between the positivity predicate and the algebraic operations including multiplicative inversion, as well as the intermediate value theorem for polynomial.
In this theory, between any two separated numbers, other numbers exist.
Apartness
In the context of analysis, the auxiliary logically positive predicate
may be independently defined and constitutes an apartness relation. With it, the substitute of the principles above give tightness
Thus, apartness can also function as a definition of "", rendering it a negation. All negations are stable in intuitionistic logic, and therefore
The elusive trichotomy disjunction itself then reads
Importantly, a proof of the disjunction carries positive information, in both senses of the word. Via it also follows that . In words: A demonstration that a number is somehow apart from zero is also a demonstration that this number is non-zero. But constructively it does not follow that the doubly negative statement would imply . Consequently, many classically equivalent statements bifurcate into distinct statement. For example, for a fixed polynomial and fixed , the statement that the 'th coefficient of is apart from zero is stronger than the mere statement that it is non-zero. A demonstration of former explicates how and zero are related, with respect to the ordering predicate on the reals, while a demonstration of the latter shows how negation of such conditions would imply to a contradiction. In turn, there is then also a strong and a looser notion of, e.g., being a third-order polynomial.
So the excluded middle for is apriori stronger than that for . However, see the discussion of possible further axiomatic principles regarding the strength of "" below.
Non-strict partial order
Lastly, the relation may be defined by or proven equivalent to the logically negative statement , and then is defined as . Decidability of positivity may thus be expressed as , which as noted will not be provable in general. But neither will the totality disjunction , see also analytical .
By a valid De Morgan's law, the conjunction of such statements is also rendered a negation of apartness, and so
The disjunction implies , but the other direction is also not provable in general. In a constructive real closed field, the relation "" is a negation and is not equivalent to the disjunction in general.
Variations
Demanding good order properties as above but strong completeness properties at the same time implies . Notably, the MacNeille completion has better completeness properties as a collection, but a more intricate theory of its order-relation and, in turn, worse locatedness properties. While less commonly employed, also this construction simplifies to the classical real numbers when assuming .
Formalization
Rational sequences
A common approach is to identify the real numbers with non-volatile sequences in . The constant sequences correspond to rational numbers. Algebraic operations such as addition and multiplication can be defined component-wise, together with a systematic reindexing for speedup. The definition in terms of sequences furthermore enables the definition of a strict order "" fulfilling the desired axioms. Other relations discussed above may then be defined in terms of it. In particular, any number apart from , i.e. , eventually has an index beyond which all its elements are invertible.
Various implications between the relations, as well as between sequences with various properties, may then be proven.
Moduli
As the maximum on a finite set of rationals is decidable, an absolute value map on the reals may be defined and Cauchy convergence and limits of sequences of reals can be defined as usual.
A modulus of convergence is often employed in the constructive study of Cauchy sequences of reals, meaning the association of any to an appropriate index (beyond which the sequences are closer than ) is required in the form of an explicit function . Such a modulus may be considered for a sequence of reals, but it may also be considered for all the reals themselves, in which case one is really dealing with a sequence of pairs.
Bounds and suprema
Given such a model then enables the definition of more set theoretic notions. For any subset of reals, one may speak of an upper bound , negatively characterized using . One may speak of least upper bounds with respect to "". A supremum is an upper bound given through a sequence of reals, positively characterized using "". If a subset with an upper bound is well-behaved with respect to "" (discussed below), it has a supremum.
Bishop's formalization
One formalization of constructive analysis, modeling the order properties described above, proves theorems for sequences of rationals fulfilling the regularity condition . An alternative is using the tighter instead of , and in the latter case non-zero indices ought to be used. No two of the rational entries in a regular sequences are more than apart and so one may compute natural numbers exceeding any real. For the regular sequences, one defines the logically positive loose positivity property as , where the relation on the right hand side is in terms of rational numbers. Formally, a positive real in this language is a regular sequence together with a natural witnessing positivity. Further, , which is logically equivalent to the negation . This is provably transitive and in turn an equivalence relation. Via this predicate, the regular sequences in the band are deemed equivalent to the zero sequence. Such definitions are of course compatible with classical investigations and variations thereof were well studied also before. One has as . Also, may be defined from a numerical non-negativity property, as for all , but then shown to be equivalent of the logical negation of the former.
Variations
The above definition of uses a common bound . Other formalizations directly take as definition that for any fixed bound , the numbers and must eventually be forever at least as close.
Exponentially falling bounds are also used, also say in a real number condition , and likewise for the equality of two such reals. And also the sequences of rationals may be required to carry a modulus of convergence. Positivity properties may defined as being eventually forever apart by some rational.
Function choice in or stronger principles aid such frameworks.
Coding
It is worth noting that sequences in can be coded rather compactly, as they each may be mapped to a unique subclass of . A sequence rationals may be encoded as set of quadruples . In turn, this can be encoded as unique naturals using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. There are more economic pairing functions as well. For example, the sequence , or , may be used to compute Euler's number and with the above coding it maps to the subclass of . While this example, an explicit sequence of sums, is a total recursive function to begin with, the encoding also means these objects are in scope of the quantifiers in second-order arithmetic.
Set theory
Cauchy reals
In some frameworks of analysis, the name real numbers is given to such well-behaved sequences or rationals, and relations such as are called the equality or real numbers. Note, however, that there are properties which can distinguish between two -related reals.
In contrast, in a set theory that models the naturals and validates the existence of even classically uncountable function spaces (and certainly say or even ) the numbers equivalent with respect to "" in may be collected into a set and then this is called the Cauchy real numbers. In that language, regular rational sequences are degraded to a mere representative of a Cauchy real. Equality of those reals is then given by the equality of sets, which is governed by the set theoretical axiom of extensionality. An upshot is that the set theory will prove properties for the reals, i.e. for this class of sets, expressed using the logical equality. Constructive reals in the presence of appropriate choice axioms will be Cauchy-complete but not automatically order-complete.
Dedekind reals
In this context it may also be possible to model a theory or real numbers in terms of Dedekind cuts. At least when assuming or dependent choice, these structures are isomorphic.
Uncountability
Recall that the preorder on cardinals "" in set theory is the primary notion defined as injection existence. As a result, the constructive theory of cardinal order can diverge substantially from the classical one. Here, sets like or some models of the reals can be taken to be subcountable.
That said, Cantors diagonal construction proving uncountability of powersets like and plain function spaces like is intuitionistically valid. Assuming or alternatively the countable choice axiom, models of are always uncountable also over a constructive framework. One variant of the diagonal construction relevant for the present context may be formulated as follows, proven using countable choice and for reals as sequences of rationals:
For any two pair of reals and any sequence of reals , there exists a real with and .
Formulations of the reals aided by explicit moduli permit separate treatments.
According to Kanamori, "a historical misrepresentation has been perpetuated that associates diagonalization with non-constructivity" and a constructive component of the diagonal argument already appeared in Cantor's work.
Category and type theory
All these considerations may also be undertaken in a topos or appropriate dependent type theory.
Principles
For practical mathematics, the axiom of dependent choice is adopted in various schools.
Markov's principle is adopted in the Russian school of recursive mathematics. This principle strengthens the impact of proven negation of strict equality. A so-called analytical form of it grants or . Weaker forms may be formulated.
The Brouwerian school reasons in terms of spreads and adopts the classically valid bar induction.
Anti-classical schools
Through the optional adoption of further consistent axioms, the negation of decidability may be provable. For example, equality-to-zero is rejected to be decidable when adopting Brouwerian continuity principles or Church's thesis in recursive mathematics. The weak continuity principle as well as even refute . The existence of a Specker sequence is proven from . Such phenomena also occur in realizability topoi. Notably, there are two anti-classical schools as incompatible with one-another. This article discusses principles compatible with the classical theory and choice is made explicit.
Theorems
Many classical theorems can only be proven in a formulation that is logically equivalent, over classical logic. Generally speaking, theorem formulation in constructive analysis mirrors the classical theory closest in separable spaces. Some theorems can only be formulated in terms of approximations.
The intermediate value theorem
For a simple example, consider the intermediate value theorem (IVT).
In classical analysis, IVT implies that, given any continuous function f from a closed interval [a,b] to the real line R, if f(a) is negative while f(b) is positive, then there exists a real number c in the interval such that f(c) is exactly zero.
In constructive analysis, this does not hold, because the constructive interpretation of existential quantification ("there exists") requires one to be able to construct the real number c (in the sense that it can be approximated to any desired precision by a rational number).
But if f hovers near zero during a stretch along its domain, then this cannot necessarily be done.
However, constructive analysis provides several alternative formulations of IVT, all of which are equivalent to the usual form in classical analysis, but not in constructive analysis.
For example, under the same conditions on f as in the classical theorem, given any natural number n (no matter how large), there exists (that is, we can construct) a real number cn in the interval such that the absolute value of f(cn) is less than 1/n.
That is, we can get as close to zero as we like, even if we can't construct a c that gives us exactly zero.
Alternatively, we can keep the same conclusion as in the classical IVT—a single c such that f(c) is exactly zero—while strengthening the conditions on f.
We require that f be locally non-zero, meaning that given any point x in the interval [a,b] and any natural number m, there exists (we can construct) a real number y in the interval such that |y - x| < 1/m and |f(y)| > 0.
In this case, the desired number c can be constructed.
This is a complicated condition, but there are several other conditions that imply it and that are commonly met; for example, every analytic function is locally non-zero (assuming that it already satisfies f(a) < 0 and f(b) > 0).
For another way to view this example, notice that according to classical logic, if the locally non-zero condition fails, then it must fail at some specific point x; and then f(x) will equal 0, so that IVT is valid automatically.
Thus in classical analysis, which uses classical logic, in order to prove the full IVT, it is sufficient to prove the constructive version. From this perspective, the full IVT fails in constructive analysis simply because constructive analysis does not accept classical logic. Conversely, one may argue that the true meaning of IVT, even in classical mathematics, is the constructive version involving the locally non-zero condition, with the full IVT following by "pure logic" afterwards.
Some logicians, while accepting that classical mathematics is correct, still believe that the constructive approach gives a better insight into the true meaning of theorems, in much this way.
The least-upper-bound principle and compact sets
Another difference between classical and constructive analysis is that constructive analysis does not prove the least-upper-bound principle, i.e. that any subset of the real line R would have a least upper bound (or supremum), possibly infinite.
However, as with the intermediate value theorem, an alternative version survives; in constructive analysis, any located subset of the real line has a supremum.
(Here a subset S of R is located if, whenever x < y are real numbers, either there exists an element s of S such that x < s, or y is an upper bound of S.)
Again, this is classically equivalent to the full least upper bound principle, since every set is located in classical mathematics.
And again, while the definition of located set is complicated, nevertheless it is satisfied by many commonly studied sets, including all intervals and all compact sets.
Closely related to this, in constructive mathematics, fewer characterisations of compact spaces are constructively valid—or from another point of view, there are several different concepts that are classically equivalent but not constructively equivalent.
Indeed, if the interval [a,b] were sequentially compact in constructive analysis, then the classical IVT would follow from the first constructive version in the example; one could find c as a cluster point of the infinite sequence (cn)n∈N.
See also
Computable analysis
Constructive nonstandard analysis
Heyting field
Indecomposability (constructive mathematics)
Pseudo-order
References
Further reading
Intuitionism |
```xml
// See LICENSE.txt for license information.
import DatabaseManager from '@database/manager';
import {getServerCredentials} from '@init/credentials';
import PerformanceMetricsManager from '@managers/performance_metrics_manager';
import WebsocketManager from '@managers/websocket_manager';
type AfterLoginArgs = {
serverUrl: string;
}
export async function loginEntry({serverUrl}: AfterLoginArgs): Promise<{error?: unknown}> {
const operator = DatabaseManager.serverDatabases[serverUrl]?.operator;
if (!operator) {
return {error: `${serverUrl} database not found`};
}
// There are cases where the target may be reset and a performance metric
// be added after login. This would be done with a wrong value, so we make
// sure we don't do this by skipping the load metric here.
PerformanceMetricsManager.skipLoadMetric();
try {
if (clData.error) {
return {error: clData.error};
}
const credentials = await getServerCredentials(serverUrl);
if (credentials?.token) {
WebsocketManager.createClient(serverUrl, credentials.token);
await WebsocketManager.initializeClient(serverUrl);
}
return {};
} catch (error) {
return {error};
}
}
``` |
The Elder Scrolls Online, abbreviated ESO, is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by ZeniMax Online Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. It was released for Windows and macOS in April 2014. It is a part of the Elder Scrolls series.
The game is set in the continent of Tamriel and features a storyline indirectly connected with the other games in the Elder Scrolls franchise. It had been in development for seven years before its release in 2014, with a mandatory monthly subscription model. It initially received mixed reviews.
Reception improved significantly with the March 2015 re-release and rebranding as The Elder Scrolls Online: Tamriel Unlimited, transitioning to a buy-to-play model with microtransactions and an optional subscription. It was released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles in June 2015, and for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S in June 2021. More than 15 million copies were sold by 2020, having around 2.5 million monthly active players in 2017.
Gameplay
Gameplay is mostly non-linear, with a mixture of quests, random events, and free-roaming exploration of the world. It does not provide a mode for single-player offline play, although the developers stated that there would be "plenty of content" for online solo play.
The player chooses between ten different races:
Humans: Nords, Redguards, Bretons, and (with separate purchase) Imperials
Elvish races: Dunmer (Dark Elves), Altmer (High Elves), Bosmer (Wood Elves), and Orsimer (Orcs)
Bestial races: Khajiit and Argonians
Players choose one of seven classes when creating a character: Dragonknight, Sorcerer, Nightblade, Templar, Warden, Necromancer, or Arcanist. Each class gives the player various different attacks, spells, and passive effects. The game has other character choices beyond those of race and class, such as the player character also being able to become either a vampire or a werewolf, each of which grants its own skill tree. There are seven different crafting skill lines: Alchemy, Blacksmithing, Clothier, Enchanting, Woodworking, Provisioning, and Jewelry Crafting.
Setting
The game is set on the continent of Tamriel during the Second Era, but not all places in Tamriel are playable. The events of the game occur a millennium before those of The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and around 800 years before The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind and The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion. Its structure is broadly similar to Skyrim, with two separate conflicts progressing at the same time, one with the fate of the world in the balance, and one where the prize is supreme power on Tamriel. In The Elder Scrolls Online, the first struggle is against the Daedric Prince Molag Bal, who is attempting to meld the plane of Mundus with his realm of Coldharbour, and the second is to capture the vacant imperial throne, contested by three alliances of the mortal races. The player character has been sacrificed to Molag Bal, and Molag Bal has stolen their soul, the recovery of which is the primary game objective.
Many parts of the continent of Tamriel are available in the game, with most zones accessible regardless of faction or player level. Some zones are accessible only from DLC which can be either purchased from the Crown Store, or is available for free as part of the ESO Plus subscription service. Players have the opportunity to join any of the three factions warring over the Ruby Throne of the Emperor of Tamriel: the First Aldmeri Dominion (represented by an eagle) led by Queen Ayrenn, composed of the Altmer (High Elf), Bosmer (Wood Elf), and Khajiit races; the Daggerfall Covenant (represented by a lion) led by High King Emeric, composed of the Bretons, Redguard, and Orsimer (Orcs); and the Ebonheart Pact (represented by a dragon) led by Jorunn Skald-King, composed of the Nord, Dunmer (Dark Elf), and Argonian races. Players may also unlock the Imperial race by purchasing the Digital Imperial Edition Upgrade in the Crown Store, which may be a part of any of the three factions. The other major ruling faction of Tamriel is the Empire, led by Empress Regent Clivia Tharn, which has fallen into instability and disrepair and serves as a non-joinable faction. Pre-ordered copies of the game included the "Explorers' Pack" which allowed all races to be played in each of the factions, and this feature is also available in the Crown Store.
The game begins in the Wailing Prison in Coldharbour, where the player character's soulless husk (known as a soul shriven) has been enslaved. This opening continues another Elder Scrolls tradition of beginning the game with the player as a prisoner. After escaping, the base of operations becomes the Harborage, a cave found at each of the starting cities where the Prophet opens portals to the locations of the main questline. Once the Amulet of Kings is retrieved, the headquarters shift to the Hollow City, a location in central Coldharbour blessed by Meridia. Civilians saved from Coldharbour's prisons arrive in the Hollow City, and it is from there that attacks are orchestrated on Molag Bal's controlled areas.
Development
The Elder Scrolls Online had been in development for seven years before its release in 2014. It is the first project for ZeniMax Online Studios, which was formed in 2007. Matt Firor, studio lead at ZeniMax Online, is the director of The Elder Scrolls Online. ZeniMax Online licensed the HeroEngine in November 2007. It was used as a whiteboard for the game in early development while the production engine was in development. The game was funded by Providence Equity Partners and reinvested profits from the success of The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion.
Rumors of a massively multiplayer The Elder Scrolls game had been circulating for years, first prompted by a domain registration by ZeniMax Media in November 2007 for ElderScrollsOnline.com. Information about the game and its imminent May 2012 announcement was leaked in March 2012, to online publication Tom's Guide by an anonymous industry source. According to the leak, the game was scheduled to be shown at E3 2012 in June and QuakeCon 2012 in August. On November 8, 2012, Bethesda released a video on YouTube called "An Introduction to The Elder Scrolls Online", in which the game's developers talk about the game's content and development. Several actors were announced to voice the characters of The Elder Scrolls Online, including John Cleese, Bill Nighy, Kate Beckinsale, Lynda Carter, Alfred Molina, Michael Gambon, Jennifer Hale, Malcolm McDowell, and Peter Stormare. Beta sign-ups for The Elder Scrolls Online began on January 21, 2013, and continued for seven rounds until February 26.
In June 2013, Sony announced that The Elder Scrolls Online would be available on PlayStation 4 at its E3 press conference. Bethesda later clarified availability on Xbox One. Crossplatform play was on Windows and Mac, and not Xbox One and PlayStation 4. In August 2013, at Gamescom, it was announced that The Elder Scrolls Online would have a monthly subscription fee upon release for all platforms. Subscriptions could be purchased in 30-, 90-, and 180-day increments. It was announced in January 2014 that the game would not require a PlayStation Plus subscription to play online, and the Xbox One version would require an Xbox Live Gold subscription in addition to a The Elder Scrolls Online monthly subscription. On May 8, 2014, Bethesda spoke about development of the console editions, announcing that the release date for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions of the game would be delayed until the end of 2014, though it was revealed in December 2014 that the game's console debut was once again delayed into early 2015. ZeniMax Online Studios announced that players who purchased The Elder Scrolls Online before the end of June 2014 would have the opportunity to transfer their characters from Windows or Mac OS to either console platform and receive a free 30-day subscription.
Releases
Original release
The Elder Scrolls Online was announced on May 3, 2012, on the Game Informer website and in that same month's issue of the magazine. It was released on April 4, 2014, for Windows and Mac. Home console releases for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One were released on June 9, 2015. The game was later ported over to Stadia on June 16, 2020.
Shortly after launch, some players reportedly were unable to activate the 30-day complimentary game time without a subscription and—in "a strange state of affairs" and "most likely a mistake"—after a full month had been paid for. A serious item duplication exploit was discovered that allowed players to gain huge fortunes, which was patched shortly after release. ZeniMax later announced that they had permanently banned thousands of accounts because of the exploit.
Tamriel Unlimited
A subscription is no longer needed to play the game since March 17, 2015. Aside from the initial game price, an optional subscription called "ESO Plus" grants access to all current and future downloadable content (DLC) and a monthly allotment of 1650 Crowns, one of the in-game currencies, requiring subscription which also grants perks of 10% faster progress than a free player.
Gold Edition
On July 6, 2016, ZeniMax announced Elder Scrolls Online: Gold Edition for September 9, 2016. It includes the base game, a certain vanity item, and the four major DLCs: Imperial City, Orsinium, Thieves Guild, and Dark Brotherhood. ZeniMax released the "Guilds and Glory" DLC pack for users who already own the base game.
Expansions and updates
Chapters
The Elder Scrolls Online has received multiple major expansions in the form of Chapters since the game was released in April 2014. Seven total Chapters have since been released, with the latest Chapter, Necrom, having been released in June 2023.
Morrowind
On January 31, 2017, the first downloadable expansion, or Chapter, for The Elder Scrolls Online, entitled Morrowind, was announced by ZeniMax. The expansion is set in Vvardenfell, the setting originally playable in The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind. Unlike previous DLC, initially Morrowind was sold separately and with crown points. It includes a new class, a new trial, and a new player vs. player mode called "Battlegrounds". It was released on June 6, 2017. However, Morrowind was introduced to the Crown Store by Bethesda during the 2018 June/July sale and is now included with the base game.
Summerset
On March 21, 2018, the second downloadable expansion for The Elder Scrolls Online, entitled Summerset, was announced. The expansion is based around Summerset Isle, a setting that has not been playable since The Elder Scrolls: Arena. Summerset introduces a new zone, a new story line, jewelry crafting, and a new skill line based on the Psijic Order. A new trial, Cloudrest, was also launched. The expansion was released on May 21, 2018 for Windows and macOS and June 5, 2018 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.
Elsweyr
On January 15, 2019, the third downloadable expansion pack for The Elder Scrolls Online, entitled Elsweyr, was announced. The expansion takes place in Elsweyr, a setting that has not been playable since The Elder Scrolls: Arena. It introduced a necromancer class and a new storyline involving dragons. A new trial, Sunspire, was launched. The expansion pack was released on June 4, 2019 for all platforms.
Greymoor
On January 16, 2020, the fourth downloadable expansion pack for The Elder Scrolls Online, entitled Greymoor, was announced. The expansion takes place in Skyrim. A new zone, Western Skyrim, was introduced along with a new system called Antiquities, a storyline involving vampires, and a new 12-Person Trial called Kyne's Aegis was also launched. The expansion was released on May 26, 2020 for Windows and macOS, and on June 10, 2020 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.
Blackwood
On January 26, 2021, the fifth downloadable expansion pack for The Elder Scrolls Online, entitled Blackwood, was announced. The expansion is based in an area encompassing both Cyrodiil and Black Marsh. The story surrounds the Daedric Prince Mehrunes Dagon's nefarious plans for Tamriel. The expansion introduced a new zone to explore, Blackwood, along with a new Companions system and Trial; Rockgrove. The expansion was released on June 1, 2021 for PC and June 8, 2021 for consoles.
High Isle
On January 27, 2022, the sixth downloadable expansion pack for The Elder Scrolls Online, entitled High Isle, was announced. High Isle is based around the Systres archipelago, located in the seas to the west of Tamriel, and is a new region that has not previously appeared in The Elder Scrolls. The expansion's story centers around an attempt by the three warring alliances to negotiate an end to the conflict in secret while being plotted against by a group known as the Ascendant Order. The expansion introduced two new playable zones to explore, the eponymous High Isle and another island called Amenos, as well as a new card-based minigame called Tales of Tribute, a new Trial called Dreadsail Reef, and two new companions. The expansion was released on June 6, 2022 for PC and Mac, and on June 21, 2022 for consoles.
Necrom
On January 25, 2023, the seventh downloadable expansion pack for The Elder Scrolls Online, entitled Necrom, was announced. It was released on June 5, 2023 on Windows and macOS, with it being scheduled for release on June 20, 2023 for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, and Xbox One.
Other downloadable content
PvPvE content
The Imperial City
On June 14, 2015, at the Bethesda showcase at E3, downloadable content (DLC) was announced for the Imperial City, the Capital of Cyrodiil. It was released for Windows and OS X on August 31, 2015, for the Xbox One on September 15, and for the PlayStation 4 on September 16. It introduced a new currency known as Tel Var Stones, a vast sewer system running throughout the city that adds a unique close-quarter PvP experience, and added the game's largest dungeon at that time, The Imperial City Prison. The city itself is overrun by the forces of Daedric Prince Molag Bal, with every district and the central White-Gold Tower being merged into his realm.
Zone Update
Orsinium
At the E3 showcase, the new zone of Wrothgar was announced in a DLC called Orsinium, the capital of the Orsimer, better known as Orcs. The DLC was released in November 2015, and introduces a solo challenge known as the Maelstrom Arena. The questline involves assisting the Orcish King Kurog with rebuilding the city of Orsinium.
Thieves Guild
The Thieves Guild DLC was revealed by ZeniMax in a livestream to be set in a new area, Abah's Landing in Hammerfell, featuring an all new quest line and new game mechanics. The DLC was released in March 2016.
Dark Brotherhood
The 2015 E3 trailer ended with a note with a black hand on it that states, "We Know", a reference to a Dark Brotherhood guild in previous The Elder Scrolls games. The Dark Brotherhood DLC takes place on the Gold Coast of Cyrodiil, and introduces new story content and gameplay mechanics. It was released on May 31, 2016, for Windows, and on June 14, 2016, for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It was made available on the Public Test Server on April 25, 2016. In addition to the Dark Brotherhood questline, the release of the expansion saw the removal of the Veteran Progression System, a new system of poison crafting, and quality of life changes for The Elder Scrolls Online Plus subscribers, including "craft bags", which allow subscribers to store crafting materials without taking up space in their inventory.
Clockwork City
Announced along with Horns of the Reach on June 12, 2017, Clockwork City was eventually released on October 23 for Windows and Mac and November 11 for Xbox One and PlayStation 4. This DLC takes players to a new zone, a realm of brass and artificial life forms. The Clockwork City is the domain of Sotha Sil.
Murkmire
Murkmire was released in late October, 2018, and concerns a previously unexplored region of Black Marsh, where the story is about a dead clan of Argonians.
Dragonhold
Dragonhold brings the year-long Season of the Dragon storyline to a conclusion with content including the Southern Elsweyr zone and new quests. It was released on Windows and Mac on October 21, 2019.
Markarth
Markarth was released on November 2, 2020 for Windows, Mac, and Stadia and November 10, 2020 for Xbox One and PS4. It brings the year-long Dark Heart of Skyrim story line to an end with the introduction of The Reach zone, has a new solo arena, and has a new item collection system.
The Deadlands
The Deadlands, released on November 1, 2021, concluded the Gates of Oblivion storyline with the introduction of the Deadlands zone.
Firesong
Firesong was released on November 1, 2022. The setting of the game is in Galen and moves forward into new areas through the Systres.
Dungeon updates
Shadows of the Hist
Director Matt Firor said that the last DLC for 2016 would be Argonian-themed. Further information was later released, including the title Shadows of the Hist. The DLC includes two new dungeons: the Cradle of Shadows and Ruins of Mazzatun, and was released in August 2016.
Horns of the Reach
Horns of the Reach was announced on June 12, 2017. The DLC includes two new dungeons, Bloodroot Forge and Falkreath Hold, and was released on August 14, 2017 on Windows and Mac, and on consoles on August 25.
Dragon Bones
Dragon Bones is a dungeon pack and includes two new dungeons - "Fang Lair" and "Scalecaller Peak". Both include cabals of necromancers, an undead dragon raised by their leader, and an awakened Dragon Priest intending to release a deadly plague. The pack was released for Windows on February 12, 2018, and on consoles on February 27.
Wolfhunter
Wolfhunter is a dungeon pack announced on June 10, 2018 and released on August 13 for Windows and Mac and released on August 28 for Xbox One and PlayStation 4. It includes two dungeons, "Moon Hunter Keep" and "March of Sacrifices", both centered around werewolves.
Wrathstone
Wrathstone is about getting two parts of a mysterious tablet. It was announced on January 15, 2019 and was released on Windows and Mac on February 25, 2019 and for PS4 and Xbox One on March 12, 2019.
Scalebreaker
Scalebreaker is a dungeon pack and includes two new dungeons: "Moongrave Fane" and "Lair of Maarselok". Was released on Windows on August 12, 2019.
Harrowstorm
Harrowstorm was released on February 24, 2020 for Windows and Mac and March 10, 2020 for Xbox One and PS4. It includes two dungeons, "Icereach" and "Unhallowed Grave", which introduce the story line of the Dark Heart of Skyrim.
Stonethorn
Stonethorn was released on August 24, 2020 for Windows, Mac, and Stadia and September 1, 2020 for Xbox One and PS4. It includes two dungeons, "Castle Thorn" and "Stone Garden", which continue the Dark Heart of Skyrim storyline.
Flames of Ambition
Flames of Ambition was released on March 8, 2021 for Windows, Mac, and Stadia and March 16, 2021 for Xbox One and PS4. It includes two dungeons, "Black Drake Villa" and "The Cauldron" which begins The Gates of Oblivion story line, which is planned to be continued in the Blackwood chapter.
Waking Flame
Waking Flame is a dungeon DLC released on August 23, 2021, which will continue the Gates of Oblivion storyline following the Blackwood Chapter.
Ascending Tide
Ascending Tide is a dungeon pack DLC containing two new group dungeons, "Coral Aerie" and "Shipwright's Regret". It is the first part of the Legacy of the Bretons year-long adventure. Was released on March 14, 2022 on Windows/Mac.
Lost Depths
Lost Depths is a dungeon pack DLC containing two new group dungeons, "Earthen Root Enclave" and "Graven Deep". Was released on August 22, 2022 on PC and September 6, 2022 on consoles.
Scribes of Fate
Scribes of Fate is a dungeon based DLC containing two new group dungeons, "Scrivener's Hall" and "Bal Sunnar". It is the first part of the Shadow Over Morrowind story arc, was released on March 13, 2023
Content updates
One Tamriel
In June 2016, a new content update, titled One Tamriel, was announced. The update changed the core gameplay to allow players to play quests, explore areas, and group up with others without previously implemented restrictions. The update was released in October 2016.
Homestead
In October 2016, Firor announced that player housing would be coming to the game in 2017. It was released on February 6, 2017, as part of update 13. There are over 40 different types of houses available; homes are styled after the game's ten playable races, and they come in furnished or unfurnished versions, which can be bought using in-game gold or with real money using crowns.
Champion system redesign
In March 2021, a major change called Update 29 was released. It significantly altered the late game advancement system called Champion Points. It expanded the cap from 810 to 3,600 Champion Points. Numerous changes were made to equipment and skills.
Reception
Original release
The Elder Scrolls Online initially received mixed reviews; the game has a weighted aggregate rating of 71/100 on Metacritic based on 64 reviews. PC Gamer gave it a score of 68/100, writing that it is "an MMORPG of moderate scope with a few good ideas" but cautioning that "'okay' isn't good enough when you're facing down this much of a premium."
ZeniMax addressed many of the game's early criticisms and released major updates. In January 2015, they announced that the game would no longer be using a subscription model, becoming effective March 17, 2015. ZeniMax also announced that it would be coming to PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on June 9, 2015, and that it would be rebranded as The Elder Scrolls Online: Tamriel Unlimited.
Summerset won the award for "Outstanding Video Game" at the 30th GLAAD Media Awards. The game was nominated for the "Still Playing" award at the 2019 Golden Joystick Awards, and Elsweyr was nominated for the "Best Game Expansion" award.
Tamriel Unlimited
Tamriel Unlimited received mostly positive reviews. The PlayStation 4 version has a weighted aggregate rating of 74/100 on Metacritic based on 30 reviews, the Windows version has 80/100 based on 4 reviews, and the Xbox One version received 77/100 based on 11 reviews. Eurogamers Dan Whitehead reviewed the game, saying that "For fans eager for a new fix all these years on from Skyrim, that may well be enough. The ability to share the adventure, somewhat clumsily, with friends is both a selling point and a pitfall, but those who concentrate their efforts on the Alliance War will find the experience worthwhile."
Sales and user base
The Elder Scrolls Online was the top-selling game in the United Kingdom for the week of April 5, 2014, for individual formats, and number two across all formats. When the game was released on consoles, the game once again became the top-selling game in the United Kingdom for the week of June 15, 2015, across all formats, becoming the year's second best-selling game at retail. The game was ranked the best-selling downloadable PlayStation 4 game of June 2015 in the United States and Europe. In the United States, it was the second and sixth best-selling game of June and July 2015, respectively.
In February 2017, it was announced that the game had surpassed over 8.5 million in retail sales having around one million monthly active players. In June 2017, it was announced the game had more than 10 million players since release, and around 2.5 million monthly active players. In June 2019, it was announced that the game reached 13.5 million players lifetime. As of January 2020, more than 15 million copies had been sold. Pete Hines called The Elder Scrolls Online the most successful Bethesda game from 2017 to 2021.
Accolades
The Elder Scrolls Online was nominated for Evolving Game at the 19th British Academy Games Awards in 2023.
Notes
References
External links
2014 video games
Active massively multiplayer online games
Bethesda Softworks games
Fantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Lua (programming language)-scripted video games
MacOS games
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Open-world video games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 4 Pro enhanced games
PlayStation 5 games
Stadia games
Online, The Elder Scrolls
Video games about dragons
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Jeremy Soule
Video games using Havok
Windows games
Xbox Cloud Gaming games
Xbox One games
Xbox Series X and Series S games |
The list of shipwrecks in January 1875 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during January 1875.
1 January
2 January
3 January
4 January
5 January
6 January
7 January
8 January
9 January
10 January
11 January
12 January
13 January
14 January
15 January
16 January
17 January
18 January
19 January
20 January
21 January
22 January
23 January
24 January
25 January
26 January
27 January
28 January
29 January
30 January
31 January
Unknown date
References
1875-01
Maritime incidents in January 1875 |
Maree Rose Teesson , FAAHMS, FASSA, is an Australian expert on mental health. She is the Director of The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use and NHMRC Principal Research Fellow at the University of Sydney. She is also professorial fellow at the Black Dog Institute, UNSW.
She is an elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAAHMS), and an elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (FASSA).
Education and career
Teesson holds a BSc (Psychology)(Hons) and PhD (Psychiatry) from the University of New South Wales. Her 1995 PhD Thesis was "An evaluation of mental health service delivery in an inner city area".
She is the author of more than 280 publications, and her work has been cited more than 9,000 times.
In 2018, Teesson launched an innovative eHealth program at the University of New South Wales to target the six main lifestyle risk factors among teenagers, including binge eating and unhealthy eating, to help prevent chronic disease.
Awards and recognition
In recognition of her achievements in education, research and mentoring, Teesson received the 2013 UNSW Faculty of Medicine Dean's Award for Outstanding Achievement.
Teesson went on to win the 2014 University of Technology, Sydney Eureka Prize for Outstanding Mentor of Young Researchers for her achievements in fostering and developing her teams, as well as reaching out to more than 20,000 Australian high-school students with online programs that focus on preventing alcohol and drug related harm.
In 2014, she was named by the Australian Financial Review as one of the "100 Women of Influence" in the Innovation category. In 2015 she was presented with the Society for Mental Health Research Oration Award for her rise to prominence within the Australian and New Zealand psychiatric research community.
On Australia Day 2018, she was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia for eminent service to medicine, particularly to the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders, as a researcher and author, to innovative mental health policy development, to education, and as a role model for young researchers.
Selected publications
Addictions, co-authored with Louisa Degenhardt and Wayne Hall, Hove, 2002, ; 2nd ed. Hove, East Sussex New York Psychology Press, 2012,
Comorbid Mental Disorders and Substance Use Disorders : Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment, co-edited with Heather Proudfoot, Dept. of Health and Ageing, 2003,
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences
Companions of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
Australian women psychologists
Australian women scientists
University of New South Wales alumni |
John C. "Johnny" Williams (born October 31, 1936) is an American saxophonist who known for his work in the jazz, blues and soul genres. During his career, Williams maintained a longtime association with the Count Basie Orchestra.
Early life
Williams was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina. He began playing piano as a child and started playing saxophone at age twelve. He acquired a bachelor's degree in music education at South Carolina State College and then enrolled in a graduate program in music at Indiana University, but because the school did not have a saxophone performance concentration, he left after three semesters.
Career
After leaving college, Williams relocated to Los Angeles and soon enlisted in the United States Army. He also studied at the United States Armed Forces School of Music. In the late-1960s, he did extensive work as a session musician in the horn sections of soul and blues groups, including Ike and Tina Turner and many Motown Records artists (The Four Tops, Marvin Gaye, Gladys Knight and the Pips, The Temptations, Stevie Wonder, Gerald Wilson, Louis Bellson, and The Frank Capp/Nat Pierce Juggernaut (Big Band). John also appears on several movie soundtracks with Quincy Jones including Cactus Flower. From 1970 to 1975 he was the baritone saxophonist in The Count Basie Orchestra, taking over for Cecil Payne, and then joined the group again in 1980 after the death of Charlie Fowlkes . Williams remained with The Count Basie Orchestra until his retirement in May 2013, continuing with the group after Basie died and leadership passed on to Thad Jones, Frank Foster, Grover Mitchell, Bill Hughes, and Dennis Mackrel, and Scotty Barnhart as of September 2013.
John resides in South Carolina and continues to be a mentor to members of the Count Basie Orchestra and other musicians who seek his advice and experiences counsel.
References
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Musicians from South Carolina
1936 births
1998 deaths
20th-century American saxophonists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians |
Dakamavand-e Olya (, also Romanized as Dakāmavand-e ‘Olyā; also known as Dakāmavand) is a village in Yusefvand Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 778, in 158 families.
References
Populated places in Selseleh County |
```objective-c
/**
* All rights reserved.
*
* This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
* of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
*/
#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
#import "FBIntegrationTestCase.h"
#import "FBApplication.h"
#import "XCUIDevice+FBHelpers.h"
@interface XCUIDeviceHelperTests : FBIntegrationTestCase
@end
@implementation XCUIDeviceHelperTests
- (void)setUp
{
[super setUp];
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
[self launchApplication];
});
}
- (void)testScreenshot
{
NSError *error = nil;
NSData *screenshotData = [[XCUIDevice sharedDevice] fb_screenshotWithError:&error];
XCTAssertNotNil([UIImage imageWithData:screenshotData]);
XCTAssertNil(error);
}
- (void)testWifiAddress
{
NSString *adderss = [XCUIDevice sharedDevice].fb_wifiIPAddress;
if (!adderss) {
return;
}
NSRange range = [adderss rangeOfString:@"^([0-9]{1,3})\\.([0-9]{1,3})\\.([0-9]{1,3})\\.([0-9]{1,3})" options:NSRegularExpressionSearch];
XCTAssertTrue(range.location != NSNotFound);
}
- (void)testGoToHomeScreen
{
NSError *error;
XCTAssertTrue([[XCUIDevice sharedDevice] fb_goToHomescreenWithError:&error]);
XCTAssertNil(error);
XCTAssertTrue([FBApplication fb_activeApplication].icons[@"Safari"].exists);
}
@end
``` |
Matthew Hoyt (October 13, 1975 – August 14, 2021) was an American music video and film director, voice actor, writer, and musician best known for music videos of the bands Pinback, The Blackheart Procession, Goblin Cock and co-owning the San Diego restaurant and bar Starlite.
Life and career
Hoyt went to Valhalla High School. He graduated from San Francisco State University with an English degree before earning a Master's degree in film from San Diego State University. Hoyt began directing music videos and short films after college. His work as an independent director led to work in advertising as a voice actor. As a musician, Matt played guitar and sang for the San Diego band Papillon. He was also the lead singer of Turkey Mallet featuring guitarist Dustin Boyer. Hoyt booked and promoted live music for the all-ages concert venue The Soul Kitchen in El Cajon, California from 1994 to 1996. He co-owned the San Diego restaurant and bar Starlite with Tim Mays and Steve Poltz and developed Talk Talk, an all green green-screen absurdist television show with Jason Sherry that was taped in front of a live studio audience.
Voice acting
Hoyt's voice acting career began unexpectedly, when he pretended to be a Japanese game show host to accompany sound design his friends had composed for a national advertising campaign. Subsequently, his voice-over work has appeared in several television spots, radio commercials and video games. His client list included Sony PlayStation, Toshiba, Wahoo's Fish Taco, Honey Baked Ham, as well as others.
Comedy and performance
Hoyt appeared as fictional British naturalist Alister Cranberry with the band Mr. Tube and the Flying Objects as an opening act for Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks in Solana Beach, CA in the summer of 2005. He recited fictional anecdotes from the life of Alister and sang along with the band. He was subsequently pelted with wet napkins from angry audience members. Hoyt remained in character and politely thanked the angry mob in typical British fashion.
He also portrayed the fictional radio talk-show host Devon Williams. The Devon Williams Show featured Hoyt interviewing various historical and non-historical figures in an improvisational format. As Devon, Hoyt frequently cut his guests short with music and commercials.
Film and video
Hoyt developed the episodic comedy Antarctic...huh?. An early draft screened at the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego as part of the Here Not There series. In 2004, Hoyt collaborated with the band The Blackheart Procession to direct The Tropics of Love, a 70-minute visual accompaniment DVD for the band's full-length record Amore del Tropico.
Death
Hoyt died in San Diego on August 14, 2021, at the age of 45. It was announced that October 13, 2021 would be The Matt Hoyt Day.
References
External links
Official site
1975 births
2021 deaths
American directors
Musicians from San Diego
San Francisco State University alumni
San Diego State University alumni
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singers
Writers from San Diego
American music video directors
Male actors from San Diego
American male voice actors
Filmmakers from California
American restaurateurs |
```java
package com.cleveroad.audiovisualization;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* Bubble implementation.
*/
class GLBubble extends GLShape {
/**
* Duration of bubble movement.
*/
private static final long BUBBLE_ANIMATION_DURATION = 1000;
private static final float BUBBLE_D_ANGLE = (float) (2 * Math.PI / BUBBLE_ANIMATION_DURATION);
/**
* Number of points for drawing circle.
*/
private static final int POINTS_PER_CIRCLE = 40;
private static final float TOP_Y = 1f;
private final FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private final ShortBuffer shortBuffer;
private final Random random;
private float fromY;
private float size;
private float speed;
private float virtualSpeed;
private float centerY = -1;
private float startX;
private float angle;
public GLBubble(float[] color, float startX, float fromY, float toY, float size, Random random) {
super(color);
this.random = random;
update(startX, fromY, toY, size);
float[] vertices = new float[(POINTS_PER_CIRCLE + 1) * COORDS_PER_VERTEX];
short[] indices = new short[POINTS_PER_CIRCLE * COORDS_PER_VERTEX];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < indices.length / COORDS_PER_VERTEX - 1; i++) {
indices[COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i] = 0;
indices[COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i + 1] = (short) (i + 1);
indices[COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i + 2] = (short) (i + 2);
}
// connect first and last elements
indices[COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i] = 0;
indices[COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i + 1] = (short) (i + 1);
indices[COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i + 2] = (short) 1;
ByteBuffer verticesByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * SIZE_OF_FLOAT);
verticesByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = verticesByteBuffer.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(vertices);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
ByteBuffer indicesByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length * SIZE_OF_SHORT);
indicesByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
shortBuffer = indicesByteBuffer.asShortBuffer();
shortBuffer.put(indices);
shortBuffer.position(0);
angle = (float) (random.nextFloat() * 2 * Math.PI);
}
/**
* Update position of bubble.
* @param dt time elapsed from last calculations
* @param ratioY aspect ratio for Y coordinates
*/
public void update(long dt, float ratioY) {
double step = 2 * Math.PI / POINTS_PER_CIRCLE;
angle += dt * BUBBLE_D_ANGLE;
float fromX = startX + (float) (0.05f * Math.sin(angle));
float toX = fromX + size;
float fromY = this.fromY + dt * speed;
float toY = fromY + size;
centerY += dt * virtualSpeed;
getColor()[3] = (TOP_Y - centerY / TOP_Y);
vertexBuffer.put(0, Utils.normalizeGl(0, fromX, toX));
vertexBuffer.put(1, Utils.normalizeGl(centerY * ratioY, fromY, toY));
for (int i=1; i<=POINTS_PER_CIRCLE; i++) {
vertexBuffer.put(COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i, Utils.normalizeGl((float) Math.sin(-Math.PI + step * i), fromX, toX));
vertexBuffer.put(COORDS_PER_VERTEX * i + 1, Utils.normalizeGl((float) Math.cos(-Math.PI + step * i) * ratioY, fromY, toY));
}
this.fromY = fromY;
}
/**
* Draw bubble.
*/
public void draw() {
GLES20.glUseProgram(getProgram());
int positionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(getProgram(), VERTEX_POSITION);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(positionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, COORDS_PER_VERTEX * SIZE_OF_FLOAT, vertexBuffer);
int colorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(getProgram(), VERTEX_COLOR);
GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_BLEND);
GLES20.glBlendFunc(GLES20.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GLES20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
GLES20.glUniform4fv(colorHandle, 1, getColor(), 0);
GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, shortBuffer.capacity(), GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, shortBuffer);
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
GLES20.glDisable(GLES20.GL_BLEND);
}
/**
* Check if bubble is moved out of specified area.
* @return true if bubble is outside of specified area, false otherwise
*/
public boolean isOffScreen() {
return centerY > TOP_Y;
}
/**
* Update bubble's area of movement.
* @param startX start X position
* @param fromY start Y position
* @param toY end Y position
* @param size size of bubble
*/
public void update(float startX, float fromY, float toY, float size) {
this.fromY = fromY;
this.size = size;
this.startX = startX;
this.centerY = -1;
float coef = 0.4f + random.nextFloat() * 0.8f; // randomize speed of movement
this.speed = (toY - fromY) / BUBBLE_ANIMATION_DURATION * coef;
this.virtualSpeed = 2f / BUBBLE_ANIMATION_DURATION * coef;
getColor()[3] = 1f;
}
}
``` |
Jayne Appel-Marinelli (born May 14, 1988) is a retired center who last played for the San Antonio Stars of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) in 2016. She played collegiate basketball at Stanford University.
High school career
Born in Berkeley, California, Jayne has two older brothers, Mike and Tommy, and one younger brother, Nate. Jayne's father, Joseph Appel, played basketball at Saint Mary's College of California.
Appel was a four-time letter winner in basketball at Carondelet High School in Concord, California. She was also a three-year letter winner in water polo.
As a senior, Appel was a McDonald's All-American as a senior and named MVP of the All-American game. She was named Gatorade State Player of the Year in basketball, rated as the 3rd best in the high school class of 2006 by hsgirlshoop.scout.com and named a WBCA All-American. She played for the U18 women's national team at the FIBA Americas.
She was offered scholarships by Connecticut, Tennessee, Duke, USC, UCLA, and Stanford, eventually accepting Stanford's offer.
College career
As a freshman at Stanford Appel averaged 13.2 ppg and 7.5 rpg off the bench. She was named the 2007 Pac-10 conference freshman of the year. As a sophomore, she averaged 15.0 ppg and 8.8 rpg. She scored 16 points and pulled down 5 boards in the 2008 national championship against Tennessee, which Stanford lost 64–48. Appel was named first team All-Pac-10 after the season.
Appel scored a career high 46 points against Iowa State on March 30, 2009, which is the third-highest mark in NCAA tournament history.
Appel became the leading rebounder in Pac-10 history on February 27, 2010, surpassing Lisa Leslie's record of 1,214 career rebounds.
Appel suffered a sprained ankle and a stress fracture in her right foot during Stanford's first-round game of the 2010 NCAA tournament on March 20. She continued to play, keeping the extent of her injury secret until the day of the WNBA draft. Stanford advanced to the Final Four, ultimately losing to Connecticut to finish the season 36–2.
USA basketball
Appel played for the USA 2006 U18 team in Colorado. The team won all four games, earning the gold medal and qualifying for the U19 World Championship.
Appel played for the USA team in the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The team won all five games, earning the gold medal for the event.
Appel was invited to the USA Basketball Women's National Team training camp in the fall of 2009, one of only three college players to be invited. The team selected to play for the 2010 FIBA World Championship and the 2012 Olympics is usually chosen from these participants.
Appel was selected to be a member of the National team representing the US at the World Championships held in September and October 2010. The team was coached by Geno Auriemma. Because many team members were still playing in the WNBA until just prior to the event, the team had only one day of practice with the entire team before leaving for Ostrava and Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. Even with limited practice, the team won its first games against Greece by 26 points. The team continued to dominate with victory margins exceeding 20 points in the first five games. Several players shared scoring honors, with Swin Cash, Angel McCoughtry, Maya Moore, Diana Taurasi, Lindsay Whalen, and Sylvia Fowles all ending as high scorer in the first few games. The sixth game was against undefeated Australia — the USA jumped out to a 24-point lead and the USA prevailed 83–75. The USA won its next two games by over 30 points, then faced the host team, the Czech Republic, in the championship game. The USA team had only a five-point lead at halftime, which was cut to three points, but the Czechs never got closer. Team USA went on to win the championship and gold medal. Appel averaged 1.8 points per game.
Appell was one of 21 finalists for the U.S. Women's Olympic Basketball Team Roster. The 20 professional women's basketball players, plus one collegiate player (Brittney Griner), were selected by the USA Basketball Women's National Team Player Selection Committee to compete for the final roster which will represent the US at the 2012 Olympics in London.
WNBA career
Appel was chosen by the San Antonio Silver Stars in the first round of the 2010 WNBA draft.
Career statistics
College
Source
References
1988 births
Living people
All-American college women's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in China
American women's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Basketball players from Berkeley, California
Centers (basketball)
Henan Phoenix players
Liaoning Flying Eagles players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' basketball)
San Antonio Silver Stars draft picks
San Antonio Stars players
Stanford Cardinal women's basketball players
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
United States women's national basketball team players |
```go
package references
import "jvmgo/ch11/instructions/base"
import "jvmgo/ch11/rtda"
import "jvmgo/ch11/rtda/heap"
// Invoke interface method
type INVOKE_INTERFACE struct {
index uint
// count uint8
// zero uint8
}
func (self *INVOKE_INTERFACE) FetchOperands(reader *base.BytecodeReader) {
self.index = uint(reader.ReadUint16())
reader.ReadUint8() // count
reader.ReadUint8() // must be 0
}
func (self *INVOKE_INTERFACE) Execute(frame *rtda.Frame) {
cp := frame.Method().Class().ConstantPool()
methodRef := cp.GetConstant(self.index).(*heap.InterfaceMethodRef)
resolvedMethod := methodRef.ResolvedInterfaceMethod()
if resolvedMethod.IsStatic() || resolvedMethod.IsPrivate() {
panic("java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError")
}
ref := frame.OperandStack().GetRefFromTop(resolvedMethod.ArgSlotCount() - 1)
if ref == nil {
panic("java.lang.NullPointerException") // todo
}
if !ref.Class().IsImplements(methodRef.ResolvedClass()) {
panic("java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError")
}
methodToBeInvoked := heap.LookupMethodInClass(ref.Class(),
methodRef.Name(), methodRef.Descriptor())
if methodToBeInvoked == nil || methodToBeInvoked.IsAbstract() {
panic("java.lang.AbstractMethodError")
}
if !methodToBeInvoked.IsPublic() {
panic("java.lang.IllegalAccessError")
}
base.InvokeMethod(frame, methodToBeInvoked)
}
``` |
```php
<?php
/*
* This file is part of the Kimai time-tracking app.
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
* file that was distributed with this source code.
*/
namespace App\Configuration;
final class LdapConfiguration
{
public function __construct(private SystemConfiguration $configuration)
{
}
public function isActivated(): bool
{
return $this->configuration->isLdapActive();
}
public function getRoleParameters(): array
{
return $this->configuration->findArray('ldap.role');
}
public function getUserParameters(): array
{
return $this->configuration->findArray('ldap.user');
}
public function getConnectionParameters(): array
{
return $this->configuration->findArray('ldap.connection');
}
}
``` |
The Queensland Citizen Bushmen, also known as the 3rd Queensland Mounted Infantry, was a mounted infantry regiment raised in Queensland for service during the Second Boer War. Formed as part of the third Queensland contingent with an original strength of 316 men, it departed for South Africa on 2 March 1900 aboard the Duke of Portland. Under the command of Major Walter Tunbridge, it initially served in Rhodesia, and later in west Transvaal, where it took part in the Relief of Mafeking, and actions at Koster River and Elands River. It then served in northern Transvaal, including actions at Rhenoster Kop and Wolwekuil, and the advance on Pietersburg. Fatal casualties included three men killed or died of wounds, and five dead from disease. The unit returned to Australia in June 1901 on the Morayshire.
Notes
References
Further reading
Military units and formations established in 1900
Military units and formations disestablished in 1901
Military units and formations of the Second Boer War
Organisations based in Queensland |
The Muswellbrook Chronicle and Upper Hunter advertiser is a newspaper published in Muswellbrook, New South Wales, Australia since 1872. It has also been published as Muswellbrook chronicle, Muswellbrook & Denman, Upper Hunter regional show, and Hunter unlimited.
History
The Muswellbrook Chronicle can trace its origin back to 1868 when it was called The Muswellbrook Monitor, this was then followed by the Courier, published from 1872 to 1876 and continued by the Upper Hunter Standard from 1876 to 1888. This subsequently gave way to the Muswellbrook Chronicle, which was established in August 1888 by Pierce Healy.
Digitisation
The paper has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia.
See also
List of newspapers in Australia
List of newspapers in New South Wales
References
External links
Newspapers published in New South Wales
Newspapers on Trove |
Giles Weather Station (also referred to as Giles Meteorological Station or Giles) is located in Western Australia near the Northern Territory border, about west-south-west of Alice Springs and west of Uluru. It is the only staffed weather station within an area of about and is situated mid-continent and near the core of the subtropical jetstream. This means it plays an important role as a weather and climate observatory for the country, particularly eastern and southeastern Australia, and particularly for rainfall predictions. The station is on the Great Central Road and the nearest township is the Warakurna Aboriginal settlement (population 180), North. Giles is within the Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku and is in the foothills of the Rawlinson Ranges.
A staff of three operates the remote station on four-monthly tours.
Giles Airport, a airstrip services the station and the Warakurna community.
Tourists are invited to watch the daily release of the weather balloon at 8:45am Australian Central Time. Additionally there is a museum that visitors can browse, a remnant of the Blue Streak Rocket and Len Beadell's grader on display.
History
Giles is named after English explorer Ernest Giles, the first European to travel through the area in 1874.
Surveyor and roadbuilder Len Beadell, who worked for the Weapons Research Establishment (now known as the Defence Science and Technology Group), selected the site for a meteorological station in December 1955. It was needed to forecast weather conditions suitable for nuclear weapons testing at Emu Field and Maralinga. The location was strongly opposed by Walter MacDougall since it lay on tribal land. Beadell surveyed and built Giles Airport, and chose the name Giles during construction of the Gunbarrel Highway which links Carnegie Station and Giles. Beadell's grader, which is estimated to have travelled over in the course of making the roads, was retired in 1963 and is preserved on display at Giles.
Later, the weather station provided support for rocket testing programs at Woomera, as Giles was close to the centre-line of fire from the launch site. Wreckage from the first Blue Streak missile, launched from Woomera on 5 June 1964, is on display at the station.
Docker River, north-east and just across the state border in the Northern Territory, was established by the government as an aboriginal settlement for local people in the 1960s. Overcrowding there and at Warburton created a need for a new community which became Warakurna in the mid-1970s.
In 1972 control of the station was transferred from the Department of Defence to the Bureau of Meteorology.
A Landline story in 2018 stated that Giles would soon become the last mainland regional weather station to be permanently staffed, with all the others being automated.
Climate
Giles is in an area that has a desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is highly variable; recorded annual values have ranged from in 1961 to in 2001. The periodic southward movement of the monsoon trough and ex-tropical cyclones cause heavy rain events in the wetter months from November to March. Dry spells often occur, particularly in winter; the longest period without rain was 156 days from 18 April to 20 September 1961.
References
External links
Gazetteer of Australia
Giles: Australia's most remote weather station
Meteorological stations
Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku
Bureau of Meteorology |
A leak is a way (usually an opening) for fluid to escape a container or fluid-containing system, such as a tank or a ship's hull, through which the contents of the container can escape or outside matter can enter the container. Leaks are usually unintended and therefore undesired. The word leak usually refers to a gradual loss; a sudden loss is usually called a spill.
The matter leaking in or out can be gas, liquid, a highly viscous paste, or even a solid such as a powdered or granular solid or other solid particles.
Sometimes the word "leak" is used in a figurative sense. For example, in a news leak secret information becomes public.
According to ASTM D7053-17, water leakage is the passage of (liquid) water through a material or system designed to prevent passage of water.
Types and possible causes
Types of leak openings include a puncture, gash, rust or other corrosion hole, very tiny pinhole leak (possibly in imperfect welds), crack or microcrack, or inadequate sealing between components or parts joined together. When there is a puncture, the size and shape of the leak can often be seen, but in many other cases, the size and shape of the leak opening may not be so obvious. In many cases, the location of a leak can be determined by seeing material drip out at a certain place, although the leak opening itself is not obvious. In some cases, it may be known or suspected there is a leak, but even the location of the leak is not known. Since leak openings are often so irregular, leaks are sometimes sized by the leakage rate, as in volume of fluid leaked per time, rather than the size of the opening.
Common types of leaks for many people include leaks in vehicle tires, causing air to leak out resulting in flat tires, and leaks in containers, spilling the contents. Leaks can occur or develop in many different kinds of household, building, vehicle, marine, aircraft, or industrial fluid systems, whether the fluid is a gas or liquid. Leaks in vehicle hydraulic systems such as brake or power steering lines could cause outleakage of brake or power steering fluid resulting in failure of the brakes, power steering, or other hydraulic system. Also possible are leaks of engine coolant - particularly in the radiator and at the water pump seal, transmission fluid, motor oil, and refrigerant in the air conditioning system. Some of these vehicle fluids have different colors to help identify the type of leaking fluid. A zinc-carbon battery is an example of an easy-leaking system; the electrolytes inside the cell sometimes leak out of the cell casing and cause damage to an electronic appliance.
Water leaks occur when there is damage to the water supply system or wastewater system on a property that causes a drip or flow to release. Gas leaks, e.g. in natural gas lines allow flammable and potentially explosive gas to leak out, resulting in a hazardous situation. Leaks of refrigerant may occur in refrigerators or air conditioning systems, large and small. Some industrial plants, especially chemical and power plants, have numerous fluid systems containing many types of liquid or gas chemicals, sometimes at high temperature and/or pressure. An example of a possible industrial location of a leak between two fluid systems includes a leak between the shell and tube sides in a heat exchanger, potentially contaminating either or both fluid systems with the other fluid. A system holding a full or partial vacuum may have a leak causing inleakage of air from the outside. Hazmat procedures and/or teams may become involved when leakage or spillage of hazardous materials occurs. Leaks while transporting hazardous materials could result in danger; for example, when accidents occur. However, even leakage of steam can be dangerous because of the high temperature and energy of the steam.
Leakage of air or other gas out of hot air balloons, dirigibles, or cabins of airplanes could present dangerous situations. A leak could even be inside a body, such as a hole in the septum between heart ventricles causing an exchange of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, or a fistula between bodily cavities such as between vagina and rectum.
There can be numerous causes of leaks. Leaks can occur from the outset even during construction or initial manufacture/assembly of fluid systems. Pipes, tubing, valves, fittings, or other components may be improperly joined or welded together. Components with threads may be improperly screwed together. Leaks can be caused by damage; for example, punctures or fracture. Often leaks are the result of deterioration of materials from wear or aging, such as rusting or other corrosion or decomposition of elastomers or similar polymer materials used as gaskets or other seals. For example, wearing out of faucet washers causes water to leak at the faucets. Cracks may result from either outright damage, or wearing out by stress such as fatigue failure or corrosion such as stress corrosion cracking. Wearing out of a surface between a disk and its seat in a valve could cause a leak between ports (valve inlets or outlets). Wearing out of packing around a turning valve stem or rotating centrifugal pump shaft could develop into fluid outleakage into the environment. For some frequently operating centrifugal pumps, such leakage is so expected that provisions are made for carrying away the leakage. Similarly, wearing out of seals or packing around piston-driven pumps could also develop into outleakage to the environment.
The pressure difference between both sides of the leak can affect the movement of material through the leak. Fluids will commonly move from the higher pressure side to the lower pressure side. The larger the pressure difference, the more leakage there will typically be. The fluid pressures on both sides include the hydrostatic pressure, which is pressure due to the weight from the height of fluid level above the leak. When the pressures are about equal, there can be an exchange of fluids between both sides, or little to no net movement of fluid across the leak.
Testing
Containers, vessels, enclosures, or other fluid system are sometimes tested for leaks - to see if there is any leakage and to find where the leaks are so corrective action can be taken. There are several methods for leak testing, depending on the situation. Sometimes leakage of fluid may make a sound which can be detected. Tires, engine radiators, and maybe some other smaller vessels may be tested by pressurizing them with air and submerging them in water to see where air bubbles come out to indicate a leak. If submerging in water is not possible, then pressurization with air followed by covering the area to be tested with a soap solution is done to see if soap bubbles form, which indicate a leak. Other types of testing for gas leaks may involve testing for the outleaking gases with sensors which can detect that gas, for example - special sensing instruments for detecting natural gas. U.S. federal safety law now requires natural gas companies to conduct testing for gas leaks upstream of their customer's gas meters. Where liquids are used, special color dyes may be added to help see the leakage. Other detectable substances in one of the liquids may be tested, such as saline to find a leak in a sea water system, or detectable substances may even be deliberately added to test for leakage.
Newly constructed, fabricated, or repaired systems or other vessels are sometimes tested to verify satisfactory production or repair. Plumbers often test for leaks after working on a water or other fluid system. A vessel or system is sometimes pressure tested by filling with air and the pressure monitored to see if it drops, indicating a leak.
A very commonly used test after new construction or repair is a hydrostatic test, sometimes called a pressure test. In a hydrostatic test, a system is pressurized with water to look for a drop in pressure or to see where it leaks out. Helium testing may be done to detect for any very small leakage such as when testing certain diaphragm or bellows valves, made for high purity and utra high purity service, requiring low leak rate capability. Helium and hydrogen have very small molecules which can go through very small leaks.
Leak testing is part of the non-destructive test NDT portfolio that can be applied to a part to verify its conformity; depending on material, pressure, leak tightness specifications, different methods can be applied. International standards has been defined to assist in these choices. For example, BS EN 1779:1999; it applies to assessment of leak tightness by indication or measurement of gas leakage, but excludes hydrostatic, ultrasonic or electromagnetic methods.
Other standards also apply:
BS EN 13184:2001 Non-destructive testing. Leak testing. Pressure change process
BS EN 13185:2001 Non-destructive testing. Leak testing. Tracer gas method
BS EN 13192:2002 Non-destructive testing. Leak testing. Calibration of reference leaks for gases
In shell and tube heat exchangers, Eddy current testing is sometimes done in the tubes to find locations on tubes where there may be leaks or damage which may eventually develop into a leak.
Corrective action
In complex plants with multiple fluid systems, many interconnecting units holding fluids have isolation valves between them. If there is a leak in a unit, its isolation valves can be shut to "isolate" the unit from the rest of the plant.
Leaks are often repaired by plugging the leaking holes or using a patch to cover them. Leaking tires are often fixed this way. Leaking gaskets, seals, washers, or packing can be replaced. Use of welding, soldering, sealing, or gluing may be other ways to fix leaks. Sometimes, the most practical solution is to replace the leaking unit. Leaking water heaters are often replaced by home or building owners.
If there is a leak in one of the tubes of a shell and tube heat exchanger, that tube can be plugged at both ends with specially sized plugs to isolate the leak. This is done in the plenum(s) at the points where the tube ends connect to the tubesheet(s). Sometimes a damaged but not yet leaking tube is pre-emptively plugged to prevent future leakage. The heat transfer capacity of that tube is lost, but there are usually plenty of other tubes to pick up the heat transfer load.
See also
Explosion
Fugitive emissions
Non-revenue water
Seal (mechanical)
References
Plumbing |
Mais Barkhudarov () is an Azerbaijani officer, lieutenant general of Armed Forces of Azerbaijan, who was a participant of 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes and 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. He is the current commander of the 2nd Army Corps of Azerbaijan.
Biography
Mais Barkhudarov was born in Qubadli, Azerbaijan SSR. Since childhood he was fond of wrestling. He was taught by wrestler Aliyar Aliyev, who later participated in the first Karabakh war and became a National Hero of Azerbaijan (posthumously). Events unfolding in those years in Karabakh led Barkhudarov in the Jamshid Nakhchivanski Military Lyceum.
Head of the lyceum General Valeh Barshadly (former minister of defense of Azerbaijan) influenced Barkhudarov in the years of study there. In 1993, together with a group of students Barkhudarov decided to voluntarily go to the front. Upon learning about this, Barshadly summoned the students, dissuaded them from this step, and persuaded to continue their education.
In 1998, senior lieutenant Barkhudarov was awarded the Order of "Azerbaijani flag". President Heydar Aliyev personally presented him this award. In 2012, for a special service in the preservation of the independence and territorial integrity of Azerbaijan and for the distinction in the line of duty and the tasks assigned to the military unit, Barkhudarov was awarded with the medal "For Homeland".
On the night from 1 to 2 April 2016, Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes took place along the line of contact in Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding territories to the south. On 5 April, a mutual ceasefire agreement was reached. During the clashes, Colonel Barkhudarov participated in the capture of the height Lalatapa. Since the beginning of the fighting, he personally got into the tank and rushed into the fight in the first line of attack. According to eyewitnesses, the corps commander's gesture inspired the soldiers, forcing the fight with extreme activity. According to an Azerbaijani news portal, Mais Barkhudarov destroyed numerous Armenians’ forces however officer had limited forces.
On 19 April 2016, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed orders on awarding honorary titles, orders and medals to a group of Azerbaijani military servicemen who "have distinguished exceptional bravery and heroism while preventing the Armenian military provocations on the contact line of troops and repelling the enemy's attacks on civilians from April 2 to 5". Mais Barkhudarov has been awarded with the rank of major general by President Aliyev because of his personally participation in the military operation of capture of Lalatapa. Barkhudarov is the first officer who was awarded with this rank by President for heroism during the last 20 years.
Barkhudarov is currently a unit commander. On 4 October, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan, and President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev congratulated him, as well as the Commander of the Special Forces, then Major General Hikmat Mirzayev, and the personnel led by them on the liberation of the city of Jabrayil and nine villages of Jabrayil District during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh war. On 9 December, President Aliyev signed a decree to award Barkhudarov with the Karabakh Order.
References
People from Qubadli
Living people
1976 births
Azerbaijani generals
Azerbaijani military personnel
2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
Azerbaijani Land Forces personnel of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war |
```c++
#include <Common/typeid_cast.h>
#include <Common/assert_cast.h>
#include <Columns/FilterDescription.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnsNumber.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnNullable.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnConst.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnSparse.h>
#include <Core/ColumnWithTypeAndName.h>
namespace DB
{
namespace ErrorCodes
{
extern const int ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER;
}
ConstantFilterDescription::ConstantFilterDescription(const IColumn & column)
{
if (column.onlyNull())
{
always_false = true;
return;
}
if (isColumnConst(column))
{
const ColumnConst & column_const = assert_cast<const ColumnConst &>(column);
ColumnPtr column_nested = column_const.getDataColumnPtr()->convertToFullColumnIfLowCardinality();
if (!typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(column_nested.get()))
{
const ColumnNullable * column_nested_nullable = checkAndGetColumn<ColumnNullable>(&*column_nested);
if (!column_nested_nullable || !typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(&column_nested_nullable->getNestedColumn()))
{
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for constant filter. Must be UInt8 or Nullable(UInt8).",
column_nested->getName());
}
}
if (column_const.getValue<UInt64>())
always_true = true;
else
always_false = true;
return;
}
}
FilterDescription::FilterDescription(const IColumn & column_)
{
if (column_.isSparse())
data_holder = recursiveRemoveSparse(column_.getPtr());
if (column_.lowCardinality())
data_holder = column_.convertToFullColumnIfLowCardinality();
const auto & column = data_holder ? *data_holder : column_;
if (const ColumnUInt8 * concrete_column = typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(&column))
{
data = &concrete_column->getData();
return;
}
if (const auto * nullable_column = checkAndGetColumn<ColumnNullable>(&column))
{
ColumnPtr nested_column = nullable_column->getNestedColumnPtr();
MutableColumnPtr mutable_holder = IColumn::mutate(std::move(nested_column));
ColumnUInt8 * concrete_column = typeid_cast<ColumnUInt8 *>(mutable_holder.get());
if (!concrete_column)
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for filter. Must be UInt8 or Nullable(UInt8).", column.getName());
const NullMap & null_map = nullable_column->getNullMapData();
IColumn::Filter & res = concrete_column->getData();
const auto size = res.size();
assert(size == null_map.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
{
auto has_val = static_cast<UInt8>(!!res[i]);
auto not_null = static_cast<UInt8>(!null_map[i]);
/// Instead of the logical AND operator(&&), the bitwise one(&) is utilized for the auto vectorization.
res[i] = has_val & not_null;
}
data = &res;
data_holder = std::move(mutable_holder);
return;
}
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for filter. Must be UInt8 or Nullable(UInt8) or Const variants of them.",
column.getName());
}
SparseFilterDescription::SparseFilterDescription(const IColumn & column)
{
const auto * column_sparse = typeid_cast<const ColumnSparse *>(&column);
if (!column_sparse || !typeid_cast<const ColumnUInt8 *>(&column_sparse->getValuesColumn()))
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_COLUMN_FOR_FILTER,
"Illegal type {} of column for sparse filter. Must be Sparse(UInt8)", column.getName());
filter_indices = &assert_cast<const ColumnUInt64 &>(column_sparse->getOffsetsColumn());
}
}
``` |
```xml
/*
* LiskHQ/lisk-commander
*
* See the LICENSE file at the top-level directory of this distribution
* for licensing information.
*
* Unless otherwise agreed in a custom licensing agreement with the Lisk Foundation,
* no part of this software, including this file, may be copied, modified,
* propagated, or distributed except according to the terms contained in the
* LICENSE file.
*
* Removal or modification of this copyright notice is prohibited.
*
*/
import BaseBootstrapCommand from '../../../src/base_bootstrap_command';
import ModuleCommand from '../../../src/commands/generate/module';
import { getConfig } from '../../helpers/config';
import { Awaited } from '../../types';
describe('generate:module command', () => {
let stdout: string[];
let stderr: string[];
let config: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getConfig>>;
beforeEach(async () => {
stdout = [];
stderr = [];
config = await getConfig();
jest.spyOn(process.stdout, 'write').mockImplementation(val => stdout.push(val as string) > -1);
jest.spyOn(process.stderr, 'write').mockImplementation(val => stderr.push(val as string) > -1);
});
describe('generate:module', () => {
it('should throw an error when all arg is not provided', async () => {
await expect(ModuleCommand.run([], config)).rejects.toThrow('Missing 1 required arg');
});
});
describe('generate:module should check app directory', () => {
it('should throw error if cwd is not a lisk app directory', async () => {
jest.spyOn<any, any>(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype, '_isLiskAppDir').mockReturnValue(false);
jest.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/my/dir');
await expect(ModuleCommand.run(['nft'], config)).rejects.toThrow(
'You can run this command only in lisk app directory. Run "lisk init --help" command for more details.',
);
expect(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype['_isLiskAppDir']).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/my/dir');
});
it('should not throw error if cwd is a lisk app directory', async () => {
jest.spyOn<any, any>(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype, '_isLiskAppDir').mockReturnValue(true);
jest
.spyOn<any, any>(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype, '_runBootstrapCommand')
.mockResolvedValue(null as never);
jest.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/my/dir');
await expect(ModuleCommand.run(['nft'], config)).resolves.toBeNull();
expect(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype['_isLiskAppDir']).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/my/dir');
expect(BaseBootstrapCommand.prototype['_runBootstrapCommand']).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
'lisk:generate:module',
{ moduleName: 'nft' },
);
});
});
});
``` |
Montagne-Saint-Émilion is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) for wine in the Bordeaux wine region of France, where it is situated in the Libourne subregion on the right bank of the Dordogne. It was granted AOC status on 14 November 1936, and the AOC designation granted to the wines which have been harvested on the land of the Montagne commune or in its hamlets, Parsac and Saint-Georges. of vine planted areas have belonged to the appellation in 2005, with a production of 74,130 hl.
Montagne-Saint-Émilion only produces red wine, and nearly all of the grape varieties from Bordeaux can be and are used, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Côt, etc., although it is Merlot that is used most often.
The vineyard of Montagne can be found northeast of Saint-Émilion, on the right bank of the Barbonne. It forms part of the "satellites" of the Saint-Émilion vineyard along with the vineyards of Lussac-Saint-Émilion, Saint-Georges-Saint-Émilion and Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion.
The base yield is fixed at 45 hl/hectare with a limit of 20%. Before the chaptalization and concentration process, the must (the residue of grapes, after the juice has been extracted) must contain a minimum of 187g/L of natural sugar. After fermentation, the wine must have a minimum alcohol level of 11% vol.
Grape varieties
Traditionally, the wines of Montagne-Saint-Émilion are a collection of different grape varieties. The three main varieties being Merlot, Cabernet Franc (or Bouchet) and Cabernet Sauvignon:
Merlot - the most dominant grape variety, accounting for 75% of the planted area. It is a variety that ripens early, and needs cool and humid conditions, as well as soil rich in clay. It ripens well and gives wine its colour, a good alcoholic richness, a full bodied texture and is smooth and round on the palate.
Cabernet Franc - an important element of the Libourne plantations and represents nearly 20% of the vineyards of Saint-Emilion. Of medium precocity, it is grown mostly in chalky or quite warm soils. It gives the wine an aromatic flavour, lightly spiced, with a coolness and tannic structure, giving the wine an aged flavour.
Cabernet Sauvignon - representing around 5% of the plantations, it is a grape that is particularly adapted to warm and dry soil (gravel, sand, clay or chalky soil). It gives wine a gently spiced flavour, complex with a tannic richness, and favourable to its long and harmonious preservation.
The AOC regulations for Montagne-Saint-Émilion also allows the use of two other grape varieties: Malbec (or Côt) and Carmenère. Only the Malbec grape is still used.
References
Bordeaux AOCs |
Shabab Kiranwi (born Nazir Ahmed; 1925 5 November 1982) was a Pakistani film director, producer, and occasional screenwriter, lyricist and a novelist. He debuted in the Pakistani film industry as a producer and lyricist with Jalwa (1955) while he made his directorial debut with Surayya (1961).
He directed more than fifty films out of seventy-five he produced. His films as a producer includes Surayya (1961) and Shama-e-Mohabbat (1977) among others. Most of his films revolve around social issues, social inequality concerning poor and rich besides creating comedy films. He made his first color motion picture film in 1969 with Tumhi ho Mehboob Meray. Bemisaal is one of his films he worked as a scriptwriter.
Early life
He was born as Nazir Ahmed in 1926 in Muzaffarnagar, British India. He was originally a journalist who started his journalism career with film magazine titled Picture.
He was born as Nazir Ahmed, however when he memorized al-Quran during his primary schooling, he became known as Hafiz Nazir Ahmed. At 15, he started writing poems and chose pseudonym "Shabab". He was a resident of Kairana and thus he became known as Shabab Kiranwi.
He and his family migrated to Pakistan following the partition of the Indian subcontinent and he settled in Lahore. He spent his initial time in poetry and took poetry classes from Tajvar Najibabadi.
Career
Kiranwi started his career as a producer in 1955 with Jalwa. He made more than seventy-five Urdu films throughout his career. Some of his films became the recipient of Nigar Awards. His other films include Mehtab, which became one of the superhit films at the box office, leading him to establish his own film production company Shabab Studio. The production house was established at Thokar Niaz Beg, Lahore. It produced socio-romantic films until Kiranwi stopped working in films. It is now housing a film academy at the premises established by Syed Noor. Studio's first films was Insaniyat which also became a prominent film of his production company. It was a debut film of Tariq Aziz and Ali Ejaz. He later made Aina (1966), Sangdil (1968), Insan Aur Aadmi, Insaaf Aur Kanoon, Daman Aur Chingari (1973), Mera Naam Hai Mohabbat, Saheli, Naukar, Shamah, Aaina Aur Soorat (1974), and Shama-E-Mohabbat (1977) under his company's banner.
Most of his film music is composed by the music director M. Ashraf. 80% of Ashraf's songs became superhit. Kiranwi is accused of producing replica films based on Indian films than producing original works. Film Insaniyat (1967 film) is also said to be a replica of the Indian film Dil Ek Mandir (1963 film).
As a lyricist, his two poems such as Mooj Shabaab and Bazar Sada were published before his death. He was a student of Pakistani poet Ehsan Danish. As a novelist, he wrote more than twenty-four novels, including Phool Ke Saye, Ek Aurat Hazar Marhaley, and Dard-e-Dil Aur Khalish among others.
As lyricist
Discography
"Tu Jahan Kahin Bhi Jaye, Mera Pyar Yaad Rakhna" from Insan Aur Aadmi
"Kya Mila Zalim Tujhe" from Mein Bhi Insan Huun
"Yeh Wada Kiya Tha Mohabbat Karein Gay" from Daman Aur Chingari (1973 film)
"Aankhen Ghazal Hai Aapki" from Saheli (1978 film)
"Allah Teri Shaan" from Saheli
"Ek Dard Sa Dil Me Uthta Hai" from Jalwa.
Introduced new talent
Shab Kiranvi is credited with introducing actors Babra Sharif, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Ali Ejaz and Anjuman into the Pakistani film industry.
Awards
Won a Special Nigar Award for 30 years of excellence in Pakistani film industry in 1981.
Death
Shabab Kiranvi died on 5 November 1982 at Lahore, Pakistan. Among his survivors were two sons Zafar Shabab and Nazar Shabab.
References
Further reading
External links
1925 births
1982 deaths
Muhajir people
Film directors from Lahore
Urdu-language film directors
Pakistani film producers
20th-century Pakistani male writers
Urdu-language lyricists
Nigar Award winners
People from Muzaffarnagar |
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Blanche-Église (, literally White Church; ) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Moselle department
Parc naturel régional de Lorraine
References
External links
Communes of Moselle (department) |
Kevin Fennell (born March 13, 1959) is an American musician from Dayton, Ohio best known as the original drummer for the indie rock band Guided by Voices.
Career
Fennell joined the original trio composition of the group, He performed with the band between 1983 and 1996, and since the reunion of the "Classic Lineup" in 2010. He appeared to perform at the band's "final" Dayton, OH performance in 2004. He did not, however, appear at their final concert overall in Chicago in December 2004. Fennell has also performed drums on Tobin Sprout's first two solo albums.
Fennell rejoined the revived band in 2010 for a reunion tour and later album releases Let's Go Eat the Factory and Class Clown Spots a UFO. In October 2013 Fennell reported having resigned from the band. The band's frontman Robert Pollard reported having fired Fennell. Both agreed the split happened following a disagreement related to Fennell's attempt to sell the drum kit used to record Bee Thousand and other albums for $55,000.
References
American rock drummers
Guided by Voices members
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
1959 births
Musicians from Dayton, Ohio |
The 1953 Danish parliamentary election can refer to one of three Danish parliamentary elections held in 1953:
1953 Danish general election, the first general election held under the new constitution
1953 Danish Folketing election, held on 21 April 1953 alongside the Landsting election
1953 Danish Landsting election, the last election held for the Landstinget |
Phantom center refers to the psycho-acoustic phenomenon of a sound source appearing to emanate from a point between two speakers in a stereo configuration. When the same sound arrives at both ears at the same time with the same intensity, it appears to originate from a point in the center of the two speakers.
A difference in intensity (volume) will cause the sound to appear to come from the louder side. Similarly, if a sound arrives at one ear before the other (no later than approximately 30 ms, see Precedence effect), it will appear to originate from that side.
The ear–brain system evolved to use these cues to determine the location of sounds, an important evolutionary advantage.
Frequency variations can also affect perceived directivity of sound. Therefore the tightness of the stereo field (and hence phantom center image) is highly dependent on the frequency response of the speakers producing it being matched as closely as possible.
These psycho-acoustic properties can be used to artificially place sounds within a stereo field as is done in stereo mixing, most frequently with the use of panning. In surround sound, vocals are often mapped to a dedicated center channel, eliminating the need to create a phantom center using the left and right channels.
See also
Pan law
Stereo imaging
References
Stereophonic sound |
Bustan (, also Romanized as Būstān) is a village in Kiskan Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 12 families.
References
Populated places in Baft County |
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