text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
```javascript
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import { c } from 'ttag';
import FormModal from './FormModal';
/**
* @deprecated Please use ModalTwo instead
*/
const PreviewPDFModal = ({ url, title = c('Title').t`Preview`, filename, ...rest }) => {
return (
<FormModal title={title} close={c('Action').t`Close`} hasSubmit={false} {...rest}>
<object data={url} className="w-full" type="application/pdf" height={500} title={filename}>
<embed src={url} type="application/pdf" />
</object>
</FormModal>
);
};
PreviewPDFModal.propTypes = {
onClose: PropTypes.func,
url: PropTypes.string,
title: PropTypes.string,
filename: PropTypes.string,
};
export default PreviewPDFModal;
``` |
Anguish is a 2015 American horror film written and directed by Sonny Mallhi. It marks his directorial debut. The film had its world premiere on July 21, 2015 at the Fantasia International Film Festival and stars Ryan Simpkins as a young woman whose mental issues may be a result of the paranormal.
Plot
A teenage girl named Lucy (Amberley Gridley) and her mother Sarah (Karina Logue) are driving when Lucy asks her mother if she can go on a camping trip. When Sarah tells Lucy no, Lucy angrily gets out of the car only to be hit by an oncoming car.
Tess (Ryan Simpkins), a teenage girl that has suffered for years from what appears to be mental instability, has moved into a new house with her mother Jessica (Annika Marks), hoping to have a new start. As Tess and her mother are settling in, Tess skateboards by the road where Lucy was hit-while observing the cross that has Lucy's picture on it, an unseen force pushes Tess down in the dirt and won't let her leave. Eventually Tess is able to get up and walk home but is now beginning to see phenomena that Tess attributes to her hallucinations. Tess eventually comes upon Sarah's bookstore and says something to Sarah that only Lucy would know, which leaves Sarah suspicious. Eventually, Tess is forced to confront her hallucinations and looks into a mirror and witnesses her eye color changing from blue to brown repeatedly. After having what seems like a mental breakdown, Tess eventually collapses by the front door just as Jessica returns from work. Tess is taken to the hospital where she is put on constant supervision, medication and therapy. A priest from Jessica's local church comes by to see Tess and suggests that possession may be involved.
Tess is discharged and returns to her bedroom to see that Jessica boarded up Tess' bedroom window for Tess' protection. After still exhibiting paranormal phenomena and refusing to eat, Jessica is driving Tess into town when Tess suddenly lunges from the car and runs off into a neighborhood and eventually reaches Sarah and Lucy's house. Tess embraces Sarah while Jessica, who had followed Tess, looks on in confusion and fear. While 'Tess' explores Lucy's bedroom, Sarah explains to Jessica that Tess may have a gift where she can channel spirits and let them take possession of her own body so they can say goodbye to their loved ones and move on. Sarah believes that Lucy has taken possession of Tess and that by talking to Lucy through Tess' body, she can convince Lucy to move on. At first, Lucy says she does not want to leave and that Tess does not want to return because she is tired of the doctors and constant medicine but Sarah tells Lucy that moving on is the right thing to do and Lucy eventually agrees. Lucy leaves Tess' body, but another spirit has apparently entered Tess' body and lunges from the bed and tries to run away only to have Sarah and Jessica lock Tess in the basement. Jessica goes down to find Tess, promising that she'll do better as a parent, only to have 'Tess' run up and fight with her. After a struggle, Jessica is looking at Tess in fear when Lucy reenters Tess' body and wants to see her mother.
Lucy asks for one more night with her mother and Jessica agrees. After the night is over, Sarah tells Lucy that it's time to move on and Lucy exits Tess' body, finding herself in a type of spirit world surrounded by other spirits. Lucy wanders until she finds Tess who reveals that she wants to go back and hugs Lucy. Suddenly, an invisible force attacks Lucy and a bright light appears to signify that Lucy has moved on. Tess returns to her body and life seems to go back to normal, her mother not sure if Tess has improved or not. Later, in the coffee shop, Tess is asked her name but doesn't reply. Back at home, Tess is playing and singing a song (the same one Lucy made up while swinging) on her guitar; she looks up and her eye color changes from blue to brown.
Cast
Ryan Simpkins as Tess
Annika Marks as Jessica
Karina Logue as Sarah
Cliff Chamberlain as Robert
Amberley Gridley as Lucy
Ryan O'Nan as Father Meyers
Paulina Olszynski as Morgan
Anthony Corrado as Peter
Reception
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 62% of 13 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 5.5/10. Michael Gingold of Fangoria called it "the creepiest and most resonant American independent horror film since It Follows". Much of the film's praise centered on its acting, particularly that of Simpkins, and its predominantly-female cast, which Film School Rejects considered "especially satisfying". Twitch Film also praised Anguish, stating that it was "a thrilling debut from Sonny Mallhi" and that the "results are quietly horrifying and heartbreaking." Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Although elegantly shot, powerfully acted and possessing a forbiddingly ominous atmosphere, Anguish is too exploitative for the artsy crowd and too subtle for genre fans." Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian rated it 2/5 stars and wrote, "Sonny Mallhi’s non-scary thriller offers neither supernatural chills nor real-world psychological insights."
References
External links
2015 films
2015 horror films
American supernatural horror films
American ghost films
2015 directorial debut films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films |
The chief minister of Andhra Pradesh is the chief executive of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.
Since 1956, Andhra Pradesh has had 17 chief ministers, A majority of them belonged to the Indian National Congress party. The longest-serving chief minister, N. Chandrababu Naidu from Telugu Desam Party held the office for over thirteen years in multiple tenure. N. Chandrababu Naidu is also the first chief minister of Andhra Pradesh after the state bifurcation in 2014. The Indian National Congress's Kasu Brahmananda Reddy has the second-longest tenure and the Telugu Desam Party's founder N. T. Rama Rao, the second actor to become the chief minister in India has the third-longest tenure, while N. Bhaskara Rao from same party has the shortest tenure (only 31 days). One chief minister, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy of the Indian National Congress party, later became the president of India. while another, P. V. Narasimha Rao of the same party, later became the prime minister of India. There have been three instances of president's rule in Andhra Pradesh, most recently in 2014.
The current incumbent is Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy of the Yuvajana Shramika Rythu Congress Party since 30 May 2019. The incumbent chief minister is charged with 31 criminal cases including criminal conspiracy, cheating, dishonesty, inducing delivery of property, accepting bribes, criminal breach of trust, forgery, criminal misconduct by public servant, and corruption.
List of chief ministers
Chief ministers of Andhra State
Andhra State consisted of Uttarandhra, Kostha Andhra and Rayalaseema regions. This state was carved out of Madras State in 1953.
Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh
On 1 November 1956, Hyderabad State ceased to exist; its Gulbarga and Aurangabad divisions were merged into Mysore State and Bombay State respectively. Its remaining Telugu-speaking portion, Telangana, was merged with Andhra State to form the new state of Andhra Pradesh. The state was bifurcated into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states on 2 June 2014 by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. After state re-organisation, the number of sabha seats come down from 294 to 175.
Notes
See also
History of Andhra Pradesh
Elections in Andhra Pradesh
List of governors of Andhra Pradesh
List of chief ministers of Telangana
List of current Indian chief ministers
List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh
References
External links
Official Website of the Office of the Chief Minister
Andhra Pradesh
Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh
People from Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh-related lists
Lists of people from Andhra Pradesh |
Senator Gill may refer to:
Charles R. Gill (1830–1883), Wisconsin State Senate
John Gill Jr. (1850–1918), Maryland State Senate
Nia Gill (born 1948), New Jersey State Senate |
Ponca venosa is a species of cricket in the family Gryllidae.
References
Crickets
Insects described in 1928 |
Veeravalli Seshadri Varadarajan (18 May 1937 – 25 April 2019) was an Indian mathematician at the University of California, Los Angeles, who worked in many areas of mathematics, including probability, Lie groups and their representations, quantum mechanics, differential equations, and supersymmetry.
Biography
Varadarajan's father, Seshadri, was an Inspector of Schools in the Department of Education. He was transferred to Madras where the medium of instruction was generally English. After Varadarajan completed his high school studies, he joined Intermediate for two years at Loyola College, Madras where he was taught mathematics by K.A. Adivarahan, a very strict disciplinarian who made a strong impression on him. Varadarajan received his undergraduate degree in 1957 from Presidency College, Madras and his doctorate in 1960 from the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta, under the supervision of C. R. Rao. He was one of the "famous four" at the Indian Statistical Institute during 1956-1963 (the others being
R. Ranga Rao, K. R. Parthasarathy, and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan). In 1960, after his doctorate, Varadarajan went to Princeton University as a post-doctoral fellow and in the Fall of 1960 he went to the University of Washington, Seattle where he spent the academic year, followed by a year at the Courant Institute at NYU, after which he returned to the Indian Statistical Institute in 1962. He joined the Department of Mathematics at UCLA in 1965. Varadarajan was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study during the periods September 1968 until December 1968 and January 1976 until June 1976. In March 2019, it was announced by UCLA that Varadarajan and his wife had donated $1 million to the Department of Mathematics at UCLA to establish the Ramanujan Visiting Professorship.
Contributions
Varadarajan's early work, including his doctoral thesis, was in the area of probability theory. He then moved into representation theory where he has done some of his best known work. He has also done work in mathematical physics, in particular quantum theory and p-adic themes in physics. In the 1980s, he wrote a series of papers with Donald Babbitt on the theory of differential equations with irregular singularities. His latest work has been in supersymmetry.
He introduced Kostant–Parthasarathy–Ranga Rao–Varadarajan determinants along with Bertram Kostant, K. R. Parthasarathy and R. Ranga Rao in 1967, the Trombi–Varadarajan theorem in 1972 and the Enright–Varadarajan modules in 1975.
Recognition
He was awarded the Onsager Medal in 1998 for his work. He was recognized along with 23 Indian and Indian American members "who have made outstanding contributions to the creation, exposition advancement, communication, and utilization of mathematics" by the Fellows of the American Mathematical Society program on 1 November 2012.
Bibliography
Varadarajan, Veeravalli S (1984). Geometry of quantum theory, Springer-Verlag. 1st Edition 1968.
;
;
Varadarajan, Veeravalli S. (2004). Supersymmetry for mathematicians: an introduction. Vol. 11. American Mathematical Society.
Selected publications
Parthasarathy, K., Rao, R., & Varadarajan, V. (1967). Representations of Complex Semi-Simple Lie Groups and Lie Algebras. Annals of Mathematics, 85(3), second series, 383–429. doi:10.2307/1970351
.
Enright, T., & Varadarajan, V. (1975). On an Infinitesimal Characterization of the Discrete Series. Annals of Mathematics, 102(1), second series, 1–15. doi:10.2307/1970970
See also
Born rule
References
External links
Home page of Veeravalli S. Varadarajan
In Memoriam: Veeravalli Seshadri Varadarajan
V S Varadarajan at the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta (K. R. Parthasarathy)
1937 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Indian mathematicians
Probability theorists
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Indian Statistical Institute alumni
21st-century Indian mathematicians
Presidency College, Chennai alumni
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society |
Kulachi Hansraj Model School, India, was established in 1972 by the late Shri Darbari Lal. It is a Dayanand Anglo Vedic (D.A.V.) school which educates students from kindergarten to senior secondary school grades.
The school began in the 1970s with 60 students and four teachers in two classrooms. The school's motto is "to strive, to seek, to find and not to yield". It is an ISO 9001:2000 certified school.
Kulachi Hansraj Model School has three wings across Ashok Vihar. The main and high school branch is in phase III, while the primary school and the nursery branch is in phase I.
The school had 7,500 students on its roll in 2005, 300 teachers and a non-teaching staff of 150 in four campuses, under the guidance of Chairman Late Padamshree G. P. Chopra and Mrs. Sneh Verma.
Infrastructure
School has partially automated and ample stocked libraries.
It has a playground in one of its branches (senior wing - ashok vihar IV).
General training is given in sports like hockey, table tennis, cricket, basketball, volleyball, handball, chess, skating.
School has rainwater harvesting system.
Wind powered exhaust fans.
Adequate fleet of CNG buses.
Security cameras all around the premises.
Cafeteria/canteen.
Huge auditorium to accommodate 1000+ people.
Different extra-curricular activities.
Vermi compost pit.
Yagya shala for peaceful environment.
Well adequately equipped physics lab, chemistry lab, biology lab, biotechnology lab, engineering graphics lab.
Technology equipped classrooms.
External links
Official website
DAV College Managing Committee website
DAV Education Board official website
Kulachi Hansraj Model School official website
Schools in Delhi
Educational institutions established in 1972
Schools affiliated with the Arya Samaj
1972 establishments in India |
The Symphony No. 5 of Roger Sessions was commissioned in 1960 and completed in 1964. It was commissioned by Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the first movement only was premiered by them in February 1964, the rest not being completed until that December.
It is in three connected movements, with a pause after the first.
It is scored for three flutes, three oboes, four clarinets, three bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, one tuba, timpani, percussion, piano, harp and strings.
Andrea Olmstead describes all of Sessions's symphonies as "serious" and "funereal", with No. 5 being one of four with "quiet reflective endings."
Discography
Roger Sessions: Symphony No. 4, Symphony No. 5, Rhapsody for Orchestra. Columbus Symphony Orchestra, Christian Badea, cond. Recorded April 6, 1986, at the Ohio Theatre, Columbus Ohio. LP recording, 1 disc: digital, stereo, 12 in. New World NW 345-1; CD recording, 1 disc: digital, stereo, 4¾ in. New World NW 345-2. New York: Recorded Anthology of American Music, 1987.
References
Further reading
Imbrie, Andrew (1972). "The Symphonies of Roger Sessions". Tempo (new series), no. 103 (December): 24–32.
Symphonies by Roger Sessions
1964 compositions
Music commissioned by the Philadelphia Orchestra |
Ostrozub (Serbian Cyrillic: Острозуб) is a mountain in southern Serbia, near the town of Crna Trava. It forms a continuous range with Čemernik mountain. Its highest peak Ostrozupska čuka has an elevation of 1,546 meters above sea level.
The eponymous village ()
on the mountain is depopulated. According to the 2002 census, it had a population of 1.
Gallery
References
External links
Photo story from Ostrozub
Populated places in Jablanica District
Mountains of Serbia
Crna Trava
Rhodope mountain range |
The Baháʼí Faith in the Democratic Republic of the Congo begins after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The first Baháʼí to settle in the country came in 1953 from Uganda. The first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly of the country was elected in 1957. By 1963 there were 143 local assemblies in Congo. Even though the religion was temporarily banned, and the country torn by wars, the religion grew so that in 2003 there were some 541 assemblies. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying mostly on the World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated some 290,900 Baháʼís in 2005.
Early Phase
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of the Divine Plan
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote a series of letters, or tablets, to the followers of the religion in the United States in 1916-1917; these letters were compiled together in the book Tablets of the Divine Plan. The eighth and twelfth of the tablets mentioned Africa and were written on April 19, 1916 and February 15, 1917, respectively. Publication however was delayed in the United States until 1919—after the end of the First World War and the Spanish flu. The tablets were translated and presented by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab on April 4, 1919, and published in Star of the West magazine on December 12, 1919. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mentions Baháʼís traveling "...especially from America to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, and travel through Japan and China. Likewise, from Germany teachers and believers may travel to the continents of America, Africa, Japan and China; in brief, they may travel through all the continents and islands of the globe" and " ...the anthem of the oneness of the world of humanity may confer a new life upon all the children of men, and the tabernacle of universal peace be pitched on the apex of America; thus Europe and Africa may become vivified with the breaths of the Holy Spirit, this world may become another world, the body politic may attain to a new exhilaration...."
Shoghi Effendi, head of the religion after the death of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, and his wife, Rúhíyyih Khanum may have been the first Baháʼís to visit Congo when they drove across the eastern part of the country in 1940.
Establishment of the community
In 1953 Shoghi Effendi planned an international teaching plan termed the Ten Year Crusade. This was during a period of wide scale growth in the religion across Sub-Saharan Africa near the end of the period of Colonisation of Africa. Before 1953, colonial authorities of what was then the Belgian Congo did not permit the promotion of religion by Baháʼí pioneers however Ali Nakhjavani and his wife, Violette, driving across Africa from the growing Baháʼí community in Uganda, were able to take a Ugandan Baháʼí Samson Mungongo to the city of Kamina where he settled and began to teach the religion while suffering hostility, suspiciousness and superstition. The first converts were Louis Selemani, Remy Kalonji, and Valerien Mukendi - they, with a dozen pioneers from Europe, North America and other parts of Africa, and Congolese who had become Baháʼís in Rwanda and Burundi who moved back to their home provinces - all these formed the basis of the quickly growing community.
In April 1956 the Baháʼí Faith was present in small numbers across countries of middle Africa. To administer these communities a regional National Spiritual Assembly was elected in Central and East Africa to cover them. The first Local Spiritual Assembly was elected in 1957.
Growth and opposition
The Eastern Belgian Congo, as part of the experience across central Africa west to east and to the south began to have qualities of mass conversion. In the areas under the jurisdiction of the regional National Assembly of South and West Africa, south of Congo, there was a gain of over sixty percent in the total number of adherents of the Faith just in 1959, and rates like this continued for a few more years. Pygmies in Congo were among the converts in 1961, one of whom was a delegate to the election of the regional assembly in 1962. Circa 1961 Baháʼí sources indicate about 1000 members. By the spring of 1962 there was widespread knowledge of many more Baháʼís and about November 1962 the National Spiritual Assembly of Central and West Africa was claiming over 14,000 people had converted to the religion. By the end of 1963 local assemblies were in 143 localities. The majority of growth happened in the province of Kivu Major growth was announced as early as 1962. Later some also occurred in the province of Shaba in the 1970s when the community grew from about 5 individuals to enough to support 25 local assemblies in 1973.
Following the death of Shoghi Effendi, the elected Universal House of Justice was head of the religion and began to re-organized the Baháʼí communities of Africa by splitting off national communities to form their own National Assemblies from 1967 though the 1990s. From January to March 1970 Hand of the Cause Rúhíyyih Khanum crossed Africa from east to west visiting many of these country's communities including the Congo, meeting with individuals and institutions both Baháʼí and civic. The first National Spiritual Assembly of Zaire (current name of the country) formed in 1970 during this trip. Rúhíyyih Khanum's second visit was in January 1972 and traveled almost 3,000 miles through central and southern Zaire by river boat and automobile.
Kivu
Members of the Baháʼí Faith first entered the Province of Kivu about November 1959 from Uganda where the religion had grown quickly. Whole villages turned out to listen to presentations on the religion and growth continued through the 1960s. After visiting Zaire a couple times in the 1970s a third visit by Rúhíyyih Khanum in late 1972 focused on the province of Kivu where the majority of Baháʼís of Zaire were to be found - some 600 assemblies being elected across some 30,000 Baháʼís in 1972 (compared to about 3000 Baháʼís in the rest of the Congo at the same time.) In fact most of these Baháʼís in Kivu were in the southern half of the province, or modern day South Kivu. In the Kivu region in a five-year period in the 1970s there were 9 women's conferences under the authority of assemblies or committees of assemblies, institutes were developed to train over 100 teachers for Baháʼí schools that were sanctioned by the government educational bureau.
Restricted and freedom
However, as part of a sweep across several Sub-Saharan countries, the Baháʼí Faith was banned in the 1970s in several countries: Burundi, 1974; Mali 1976; Uganda 1977; Congo, 1978; Niger, 1978.
"This was principally the result of a campaign by a number of Arab countries. Since these countries were also by this time providers of development aid, this overt attack on the Baha'is was supported by covert moves such as linking the aid money to a particular country to the action that it took against the Baha'is. This was partially successful and a number of countries did ban the Baha'is for a time. However, the Baha'is were able to demonstrate to these governments that they were not agents of Zionism nor anti-Islamic and succeeded in having the ban reversed in all of these countries except Niger." See also Allegations of Baháʼí involvement with other powers
While the national organization of the Baháʼís was disbanded local and regional administration continued. In 1982 the Baháʼí Administrative Committee for Central South Zaire in Lubumbashi published a work commemorating Bahíyyih Khánum. Baháʼí pioneers continued to arrive. In 1983 a local TV program in Kivu featured a presentation on the religion was followed up by a showing of the filmThe Green Light Expedition about Rúhíyyih Khanum's trip up the Amazon River. After some years of service and growth the Baháʼí community was able to re-elect its National Assembly in 1987.
Since its inception the religion has had involvement in socio-economic development beginning by giving greater freedom to women, promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern, and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics. The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released. Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the Baháʼí teachings, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. World-wide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socio-economic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1482. In Zaire in 1983 a tutorial school in Bangwade, Upper Zaire was founded. A survey of projects in 1985 found: agriculture project and literacy center, Kawayongo under its local assembly, educational centers emphasizing functional literacy training for children and adults, augmented by health education and instruction on improving agricultural productivity, a program providing training in nutrition and preventive medicine in NE Zaire, a literacy training program in Goma, a project among the Pygmies to improve literacy and numeracy, health care and agriculture, a teacher training center in northeastern Zaire for French speaking Baháʼí teachers for children's classes, pre-schools and tutorial schools, a training program for the Baha'is to increase agricultural productivity and a project where three senior students from the University of Zaire trained in rural development would spend four months assessing community needs and teaching modern methods of animal keeping, the use of improved seeds, fish culture, and disease prevention methods. In 1986 the provincial governor visited a school project among the Baháʼí Pygmies. By 1987 the Baháʼís organized the Regional Committee for Social and Economic Development under the national assembly for the region of Kivu (using the acronym CREDESE). One hundred and two learning centers were reported in October 1987 operating under CREDESE. There were 2,500 participants across Kivu. Women and girls comprised 73 percent of the students, and 27 percent were not members of the Baháʼí Faith. CREDESE was based on work from a Baháʼí Kenyan and Tanzanian project. In 1989 Baháʼís engaged in a study reviewing the effect of the religion in the prospects of fighting the growth of AIDS in Kinshasa.
Modern community
Having survived legal proscription, and periods of war, the Second Congo War prevented the national institution from meeting from 1998 to 2003. The Baháʼís have continued to develop internal and external projects. The Congo Baha'i Youth Choir sang at a devotional program at the base of the Terraces on Mount Carmel. It later evolved into the Celebration! Congo Choir which performed at The Kennedy Center in 2005. In 2000 some Baháʼís studied the relationship between the Baháʼí teachings and conservation efforts in the Congo. In 2012 the Universal House of Justice announced plans to build two national Baháʼí Houses of Worship aside from the continental ones. One of these was for the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Demographics
World Christian Encyclopedia estimated in 2000 there were 224,000 Baháʼís in the Congo. Association of Religion Data Archives estimated in 2001 that there were 0.4%, or about 250,000 Baháʼís. In 2003 there were some 541 assemblies. For many years the community was mostly male - but more recently about one third of Baháʼís are women. By 2005 the Association of Religion Data Archives revised their estimated to some 290,899 Baháʼís.
See also
Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
History of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Further reading
References
External links
Democratic Republic of the Congo Baháʼí National Community
Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Congo
Congo |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\ContainerAnalysis;
class DeploymentNote extends \Google\Collection
{
protected $collection_key = 'resourceUri';
/**
* @var string[]
*/
public $resourceUri;
/**
* @param string[]
*/
public function setResourceUri($resourceUri)
{
$this->resourceUri = $resourceUri;
}
/**
* @return string[]
*/
public function getResourceUri()
{
return $this->resourceUri;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(DeploymentNote::class, 'Google_Service_ContainerAnalysis_DeploymentNote');
``` |
CineAlta cameras are a series of professional digital movie cameras produced by Sony that replicate many of the same features of 35mm film motion picture cameras.
Concept
CineAlta is a brand name used by Sony to describe various products involved in content creation, production and exhibition process within digital cinema workflow. Now Sony's products branded as CineAlta include camera, camcorder, recorder, cinema server, and projector. "CineAlta" is a portmanteau of Cine, from cinematography, and Alta, an Italian word for "high".
Logo
The first CineAlta logo was designed by Hiroki Oka, Chief Art Director of Sony CreativeWorks Corporation, based at the Sony Atsugi Technology Center. The twinned ribbons represent the marriage of film and videotape, arranged in a way to deliberately evoke the infinity symbol, to symbolize the infinite possibilities. The CineAlta logo was updated by Tetsuro Sano and applied for the first time to the F65.
Format
CineAlta cameras record onto HDCAM tapes, XDCAM Professional Discs, SRMemory, or SxS flash memory cards. They have the ability to shoot at various frame rates including 24fps and a resolution of up to 8K. The camera can be used with a Miranda DVC 802 converter. This allows the camera to output SDI, DV, and multiple HD outputs.
History and use in motion pictures
In June 1999, George Lucas announced that Episode II of the Star Wars Prequel Trilogy would be the first major motion picture to be shot 100% digitally. Sony and Panavision had teamed up to develop the High Definition 24p camera that Lucas would use to accomplish this, and thus the first CineAlta camera was born: the Sony HDW-F900 (also called the Panavision HD-900F after being "panavised"). However, the science-fiction film Vidocq was actually the first released feature that was shot entirely with digital cinematography. Lucas held a private screening of Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones for the Atsugi Technology Center staff, and inserted a credit to specifically thank the Sony engineers at Atsugi for the use of the HDW-F900.
For Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith the more advanced Sony HDC-F950 was used, with higher resolution and better color reproduction than its predecessor. The film was cropped to a 2.40:1 aspect ratio from its native 16:9 frame. As a result, only 818 of the 1080 vertical pixels were actually used. An anamorphic adapter lens is available from Canon to allow shooting in 2.39:1 without losing any pixels. Manuel Huerga's Salvador is the first movie shot with this adapter.
2002's Russian Ark was recorded in uncompressed high definition video using a Sony HDW-F900. The information was recorded uncompressed onto a hard disk which could hold 100 minutes, thus allowing the entire film to be shot in a single 86 minute take. This was very complicated, as in 2002 there wasn't widely available technology for high capacity hard disk recording, and even less for doing this portably, on battery power, indoors and out from to . Four attempts were made to complete the shot, which had to be completed in one day due to the Hermitage Museum being closed for the shoot. The first three had to be interrupted due to technical faults, but the fourth attempt was completed successfully. Extra material on the DVD release includes a documentary on the technology used.
Other notable movies that were shot with CineAlta cameras include:
All About Lily Chou-Chou (2001, shot August 2000)
Session 9 (released 2001, shot September – October 2000)
Once Upon a Time in Mexico (released 2003, shot May 2001)
Burning Annie (released 2007, shot February 2002)
Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams (2002)
Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (2003)
Dogville (2003)
Scacco pazzo (2003)
Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004)
The World (2004)
Zebraman (2004)
Sin City (2005)
Caché (film) (2005)
Crank (2006)
U2 3D (2008)
Cloverfield (2008)
Rachel Getting Married (2008)
Yesterday Was a Lie (2008)
Tetro (2009)
Public Enemies (2009)
Avatar (2009)
Tron: Legacy (2010)
Real Steel (2011)
Just Go with It (2011)
Shark Night 3D (2011)
The Darkest Hour (2011)
Sanctum (2011)
The Sunset Limited (2011)
Mirror Mirror (2012)
Oblivion (2013)
After Earth (2013)
White House Down (2013)
The Smurfs 2 (2013)
Evil Dead (2013)
Winter Sleep (2014)
Lucy (2014)
6 Underground (2019)
21 Bridges (2019)
Downton Abbey (2019)
Harriet (2019)
Two of Us (2019)
Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (2020)
The Life Ahead (2020)
Unhinged (2020)
Quo Vadis, Aida? (2020)
Bad Boys for Life (2020)
Tesla (2020)
The Glorias (2020)
I Care a Lot (2020)
Parallel Mothers (2021)
Coda (2021)
Black Widow (2021)
Annette (2021)
Reminiscence (2021)
The Mauritanian (2021)
Cherry (2021)
Wrath of Man (2021)
Tom & Jerry (2021)
Voyagers (2021)
Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway (2021)
Cherry (2021)
Kate (2021)
Top Gun: Maverick (2022)
Hustle (2022)
Spiderhead (2022)
The Man From Toronto (2022)
The Gray Man (2022)
Do Revenge (2022)
Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022)
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022)
Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)
Roald Dahl's Matilda The Musical (2022)
Creed III (2023)
Tetris (2023)
Ghosted (2023)
Beau is Afraid (2023)
The Pope's Exorcist (2023)
Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part One (2023)
Strays (2023)
Gran Turismo: Based on a True Story'' (2023)
List of CineAlta cameras
All cameras are made by Sony except where noted:
BURANO (2023)
VENICE 2 (2021)
VENICE (2017)
F55/F5 (2014)
NEX-FS700 (2011)
F65 (2011)
PMW-F3 (2010)
SRW-9000PL (2010)
PMW-500 (2010)
PDW-F800/700 (2008-2009)
F35/F23 (2008)
PMW-EX3 (2008)
PMW-EX1/EX1R (2006, EX1R in 2009)
HDW-F900R (2006)
PDW-F350/F330 (2006)
HDC-F950 (2003)
HDW-F900 (2000)
Notes
See also
Sony camcorders
Digital cinematography
Panavision HD-900F
PMW-EX1
AXIOM (camera)
References
External links
Official CineAlta page
Sony Professional
Sony's first global news release of F35
Sony US's announcement with information of CineAlta 4K
Digital movie cameras
Sony camcorders
Japanese inventions
1999 introductions
Audiovisual introductions in 1999
pl:Sony Cinealta |
The Rugby Europe Sevens are a series of rugby sevens tournaments held by Rugby Europe. It was formerly known as the FIRA-AER Sevens until 2013, and the Sevens Grand Prix Series until 2021. Only one annual tournament existed prior to 2011, when Rugby Europe created a series of tournaments, following the model of the World Rugby Sevens Series. The main division is known as the Rugby Europe Championship Series, formerly known the Grand Prix, followed by the Trophy Series, Conference 1, and Conference 2. The competitions use a promotion/relegation system.
Format
In the Championship Series, twelve teams play in at least two tournaments each summer throughout Europe. Each tournament spans two to three days — the first day is a pool phase, the second day is a pool and knockout phase, and the third day a knockout phase. During the pool phase, the teams are divided into three pools of four teams each. After the pool phase, the top eight teams (two first of each pool, plus two best-performing third place teams) advance to the Cup tournament; the other four teams play for the Challenge Trophy.
At the end of each tournament, teams are awarded points based on their performance. At the end of the series, the team with the most points is declared the champion. The team with the fewest points is relegated from the Championship Series to the Trophy competition, whereas the champion of the Trophy competition is promoted to next season's Championship Series.
History
2002–2010
A number of qualifying tournaments lead up to a finals tournament, which functions as the European championship and, in 2008, also as the qualifying stage for the Sevens World Cup.
Portugal won the first European Championship held in Heidelberg in 2002. Portugal would go onto win eight out of the first ten tournaments. In 2003, Heidelberg again held the tournament. In 2004 Palma de Mallorca was the host. From 2005 to 2007, Moscow hosted the tournament. Hanover held the tournament for the first time in 2008 and did so again in 2009. In 2010, the tournament returned to Moscow.
2011–present
In 2011, the format of the competition changed. The twelve best teams now meet over the course of several tournaments, following the model of the IRB Sevens World Series. The name also changed from the European Championship to the Sevens Grand Prix Series. The first edition of this competition was held in 2011 and won by Portugal. In 2021 the competition changed its name from the Sevens Grand Prix to the Rugby Europe Sevens Championship Series.
Tournaments
Championship Series
Team Records
Updated to 2023
Trophy
Conference
Conference 1
Conference 2
Partners
Société Générale, Eurosport 2 (official broadcaster), Berugbe
References
External links
European Grand Prix Series at Rugby7.com
Rugby sevens competitions in Europe
Rugby Europe tournaments
2002 establishments in Europe
Recurring sporting events established in 2002 |
Marlene Schmotz (born 6 March 1994) is a German World Cup alpine ski racer, specializing in Super-G.
She competed at the World Championships 2019.
World Championship results
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
German female alpine skiers
21st-century German women |
The 2019–20 season was Swansea City's 100th season in the English football league system, and their second season back in the Championship since 2010–11 following relegation from the Premier League in the 2017–18 season. Along with competing in the Championship, the club competed in the FA Cup and EFL Cup losing in the third round of each respectively.
The season covered the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020 but was extraordinarily extended to 30 July 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Club
First-team staff
First-team squad
(on loan from Chelsea)
(on loan from Basel)
(on loan from Liverpool)
(on loan from Watford)
(on loan from Newcastle United)
(on loan from Chelsea)
Transfers
Transfers in
Transfers out
Loans in
Loans out
New contracts
Pre-season
The Swans announced pre-season fixtures against Mansfield Town, Crawley Town, Yeovil Town, Exeter City, Bristol Rovers and Atalanta.
Competitions
Overview
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Competition
!colspan=8|Record
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| Championship
|-
| FA Cup
|-
| EFL Cup
|-
! Total
Championship
League table
Results summary
Results by matchday
Matches
On Thursday, 20 June 2019, the EFL Championship fixtures were revealed.
Championship play-offs
FA Cup
The second round draw was made live on BBC Two from Etihad Stadium, Micah Richards and Tony Adams conducted the draw.
EFL Cup
The first round draw was made on 20 June. The second round draw was made on 13 August 2019 following the conclusion of all but one first-round matches. The third round draw was confirmed on 28 August 2019, live on Sky Sports.
Statistics
Appearances, goals, and cards
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Out On Loan
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Left During Season
|-
Disciplinary record
References
Swansea City
Swansea City A.F.C. seasons
Welsh football clubs 2019–20 season |
Benno von Archimboldi is a fictional character in the novel 2666 (2004) by Roberto Bolaño.
Archimboldi is the pen name of German author Hans Reiter (born in 1920 and still alive in 2001, a 'great attractor' (one among many) the dense plotting of 2666 is drawn toward. He is introduced in the first part of the novel, "The Part About the Critics", as a mysterious and elusive figure: while he is highly regarded as a novelist, nothing is known about his biography, appearance, or true identity. After learning that Archimboldi has recently been sighted in Mexico, three literary critics, Jean-Claude Pelletier, Manuel Espinoza, and Liz Norton, travel to Santa Teresa (a fictional counterpart to real-life Ciudad Juárez) in pursuit of his trail. While they are unsuccessful, they learn that his real name is Hans Reiter. Few details are given about Archimboldi's appearance in this part of the novel, but it is revealed that he is very tall and has blue eyes.
From then on, Archimboldi effectively disappears from 2666 until he resurfaces in the last part of the novel ("The Part About Archimboldi"), which tells the künstlerroman-like story of his childhood in Germany, his experiences fighting in World War II, his relationship with his wife, Ingeborg, and his development as a writer. The novel concludes as he leaves for Mexico, at the behest of his sister, in order to assist his imprisoned nephew, Klaus Haas.
Biography
The fictional Archimboldi was born in Prussia in 1920 as Hans Reiter. His father was a one-legged soldier who fought in World War I, and his mother was "one-eyed" (blind in one eye). He was preoccupied with seaweed and diving as a child. For a long time, the only book he read and carried was Animals and Plants of the European Coastal Region. He considered the birth of his younger sister, Lotte, when he was ten, to be the "best thing that had ever happened to him."
After leaving school at 13, Reiter eventually went to work as a servant in the country house of the Baron von Zumpe, where his mother was also employed. There he befriended Hugo Halder, the baron's nephew, who introduced him to the wider world of literature through the works of Wolfram von Eschenbach. At the house, Reiter also encountered for the first time the baron's daughter, the future Baroness von Zumpe (later known as Mrs. Bubis). After the baron closed the house, Reiter left to work in Berlin.
Although he never joined the Nazi party, Reiter was nonetheless drafted into the German army in 1939. He spent most of the war fighting on the Eastern Front. He was eventually captured and placed in an Allied POW camp, where he murdered a German official named Sammer, who was responsible for the shooting deaths of multiple Jews.
Reiter's literary career, for which he was to become famous, began in Cologne, Germany, where he settled after the war. To avoid being connected with Sammer's murder he adopted the pseudonym "Benno von Archimboldi", modeled after Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. This painter came to Reiter's attention through his reading the notebooks of a Ukrainian man in whose house he had wintered during the German offensive into Russia.
Archimboldi's long-time publisher was Jacob Bubis, who was nearly alone in recognizing Archimboldi's talent. After Bubis died, the reins of his publishing house were turned over to his wife, Mrs. Bubis (the former Baroness von Zumpe), with whom Archimboldi had a lifelong, occasionally amorous, friendship.
Works
In 2666, the following works are listed in chronological order of their publication:
Lüdicke
The Endless Rose (attributed to "a frenchman named J. M. G. Arcimboldi" in an earlier novel by Bolaño, The Savage Detectives (1998))
The Leather Mask (part of a trilogy with D'Arsonval and The Garden)
Rivers of Europe
Bifurcaria Bifurcata (a book about seaweed)
Inheritance
Saint Thomas
The Blind Woman
The Black Sea (a play)
Lethaea (described as an erotic novel)
The Lottery Man
The Father
The Return
The following works were presumably written after The Return, but in uncertain order:
D'Arsonval
The Garden
Mitzi's Treasure
Railroad Perfection
The Berlin Underworld (a collection of mostly war stories)
Bitzius (a novel about the Swiss novelist Jeremias Gotthelf)
The King of the Forest
The Head (his latest novel as of the present in "The Part About the Critics")
References
Fictional writers |
```c++
// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
// See path_to_url for more information.
// MACRO: BOOST_NO_CXX11_TRAILING_RESULT_TYPES
// TITLE: C++11 trailing function result types syntax.
// DESCRIPTION: The compiler does not support the new C++11 function result types specification syntax.
namespace boost_no_cxx11_trailing_result_types {
template< typename T >
auto foo(T const& t) -> T
{
return t;
}
int test()
{
return foo(0);
}
}
``` |
Toussaint Louverture International Airport (, ) is an international airport in Tabarre, a commune of Port-au-Prince in Haiti. The airport is currently the busiest in Haiti and is an operating hub for Sunrise Airways.
It is informally called "the Maïs-Gâté airport", named after the area in the Cul-de-Sac Plain where the airport was built.
History
During the United States occupation of Haiti the United States Marine Corps stationed Marine Observation units using HS-1 and HS-2 aircraft in what later became Bowen Field (c. 1919).
In 1942, the USMC was sent to Haiti to build a facility to service Douglas O-38 aircraft used by Haiti Air Corps to observe Nazi German activity in the region.
The USMC built Bowen Field (also known as Chancerelles Airport), a small civilian and military airport located near Chancerelles area near the Baie de Port-au-Prince. Bowen Field was used by Haiti Air Corps for mail (1943) and passenger (1944) services, then succeeded by the Compagnie haïtienne de transports aériens beginning in 1961. In the 1950s and the 1960s, it served as an airbase for the US military in Haiti. The current airport located further northeast of Bowen Field was developed with grant money from the US government and mostly money collected from Haitian people (taxes, lottery, etc.), opened as François Duvalier International Airport in 1965, after the Haitian president at the time, François "Papa Doc" Duvalier. The old Bowen field was decommissioned after 1994 and is now hosts Internally Displaced Persons Camp and Centre Sportif. The runway is now part of Avenue Haile Selassie.
Duvalier's son and successor, Jean-Claude Duvalier, resigned in 1986. The airport was renamed Port-au-Prince International Airport. Haitian President Jean Bertrand Aristide renamed the airport again as Toussaint Louverture International Airport in 2003 to honor Toussaint Louverture, the leader of the Haitian Revolution.
The airport was badly damaged by the 2010 Haiti earthquake. On 25 November 2012, Haitian President Michel Joseph Martelly opened the newly repaired arrivals terminal.
On 7 July 2021, following the assassination of Haitian President Jovenel Moïse, the airport was closed and flights were sent back to their origins.
Facilities
The main building of the airport works as the International Terminal. It is a two-story concrete and glass structure. Lounges and a few retail stores are on the second floor of the main building. Check-in counters, gates and immigration facilities are on the lower floor. The Guy Malary Terminal (named after former Haitian Justice Minister Guy Malary) is used for domestic flights. There are further buildings used for general aviation and cargo flights. The airport has three jet bridges, but most passengers walk onto aircraft from mobile stairs. The ramp area can handle 12 planes.
The airport was to be re-designed completely by 2015. The re-making of the airport was to add 14 gates to the terminal and also will make the main passenger terminal bigger. As of 15 June 2016, a taxiway is under construction to increase traffic capacity, as taxiing aircraft currently must use the active runway to taxi to their takeoff position. Work is being performed by China National Automation Control System Corporation which has multiple large construction contracts with the Haitian government.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter services at the airport:
Cargo
Statistics
Access
The airport can be accessed by car (with parking space next to the terminal building) or by National Bus Route 1.
Accidents and incidents
8 September 1974: A Transportes Aéreos de Integración (TAISA) Curtiss C-46 Commando impacted a mountain near Port-au-Prince because of engine failure. All four occupants were killed.
3 March 1980: A Learjet (N211MB) operating on a corporate charter flight on behalf of 'Merchant Bank' crashed in the hills on arrival at airport. One passenger and two crew members died.
12 July 1980: A Douglas C-47 crashed on approach, killing all three people on board. The aircraft was being used illegally to transport marijuana.
15 September 1980, a JMG Inc. Douglas DC-6 ditched into the ocean because of three engines being shut down because of running out of oil. All four occupants died.
7 December 1995: An Air St. Martin Beechcraft 1900D aircraft (F-OHRK) hit a mountain at an altitude of , away from airport. Two crew members and 18 passengers (which were illegal immigrants to Guadeloupe) were killed.
12 February 1996: A Haiti Express GAF Nomad aircraft (N224E) crashed shortly after taking off. Two crew members and 8 passengers died.
31 August 2007: A Caribintair Cessna Grand Caravan (HH-CAR) crashed shortly after takeoff away from the airport. There were no fatal injuries.
11 September 2007: Only eleven days after the previous accident another plane crash of a Caribintair Cessna Grand Caravan (HH-CAW) occurred near the airport, this time upon landing short of the runway.
26 May 2013: A Brazilian Air Force KC-137 transport aircraft veered off the runway after an engine fire during takeoff, crashing into the grass next to the runway. The plane was carrying 121 Brazilian soldiers deployed to the UN stabilization force in Haiti (MINUSTAH) but no injuries were reported. Small aircraft were allowed to resume flying on Monday, but large aircraft that could not pass the KC-137 (mostly to/from the USA) were suspended for days.
See also
Jacmel Airport, another airport used for 2010 earthquake relief flights in Haiti
Operation Unified Response, US military relief effort for the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti
List of airports in Haiti
List of the busiest airports in the Caribbean
References
External links
Official website
Airports in Haiti
Buildings and structures in Port-au-Prince
2010 Haiti earthquake relief
Airports established in 1965
1965 establishments in Haiti |
Glaucopsyche piasus, the arrowhead blue, is a western North American butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is a locally common butterfly that favors prairie, open woodland, and woodland edges and trails.
Larvae feed on lupine (Lupinus) and milkvetch (Astragalus) species.
References
External links
Arrowhead Blue, Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility
piasus
Butterflies described in 1852
Butterflies of North America |
```python
'''
TRIBONACCI WORDS
It is a series of words where each word is formed by concatenation
of last three words.
where :
T(1) = 1
T(2) = 12
T(3) = 1213
T(n) = T(n-1) + T(n-2) + T(n-3)
'''
def tribonacci(n):
if n == 1:
return "1"
if n == 2:
return "12"
if n == 3:
return "1213"
return tribonacci(n - 1) + tribonacci(n - 2) + tribonacci(n - 3)
n = int(input("Enter N: "))
print("The tribonacci word at position", n, "is:", tribonacci(n))
'''
INPUT : n = 5
OUTPUT: The tribonacci word at position 5 is: 1213121121312
'''
``` |
The Fourth Estate () is an oil painting by Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo, originally titled The Path of Workers and made between 1898 and 1901. It depicts a moment during a labor strike when workers' representatives calmly and confidently stride out of a crowd to negotiate for the workers' rights. Its name refers to the working class as standing alongside the three traditional estates that divided power between the nobility, clergy, and commoners.
Pellizza made three separate large-scale preliminary versions of the work to experiment with his divisionist representations of color. After his death, The Fourth Estate became a popular Italian socialist image and was reproduced extensively despite its initial shunning by formal art circles. Over time, its acclaim grew until it became recognized as one of the most important Italian paintings of the turn of the 20th century. The painting is now at the Galleria d'Arte Moderna in Milan.
History
1891–1895: Ambasciatori della Fame
Following the Italian Risorgimento, the peasant and bourgeois classes of the new country had an uncertain relationship. Some bourgeois intellectuals bemoaned the lowering of Italian culture, while artists—particularly the divisionists—brought social themes into their artwork. Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo tried to unite the techniques of divisionism with the influence of the farmers' mutual aid society he had joined in his hometown of Volpedo and the socialist writings of the Second International.
Pellizza began to work on a study for Ambasciatori della Fame (Ambassadors of Hunger) in 1891, after participating in a workers' protest in Turin. The scene made such an impression on him that he noted it in his diary:
The first sketch was completed in April 1891. The subject was a workers' revolt in Piazza Malaspina in Volpedo, with three subjects placed at the front of the protest. The scene is viewed from above, and the figures are distributed on orthogonal lines. This core composition remained in successive versions of the work, each of which presents the three figures in front of a mass of people in the background and a dark backdrop. The shadow stretching out to the ambassador's feet is likely the palazzo on Piazza Malaspina, where the workers are going to make their demands.
Pellizza made numerous other intermediary works between the first drawing of Ambasciatori della Fame and Fiumana. He also made Piazza Malaspina a Volpedo in 1891, which represents the topography of Volpedo as a preparatory background for the subsequent versions. He made two other versions of Ambasciatori della Fame, one dated 1892 and the other 1895. The 1892 sketch is similar to the first. However, Pellizza added a group of women to the 1892 drawing, who are juxtaposed with the male workers.
The last draft before La Fiumana is the 1895 version of Ambasciatori, created after three quiet years on brown paper as a charcoal and gesso drawing. Pelliza wrote of it:
In the passage above, the artist underlined his wish to follow a general theory: not only to represent the citizens of Volpedo, but also an entire part of society that has "suffered greatly" and that intends to claim its rights through a struggle "serene, calm, and reasoned."
1895–1898: La Fiumana
Pellizza, before painting The Fourth Estate, decided in August 1895 to create a preliminary study in oil. This version, titled La Fiumana ("The River of Humanity"), represented a break from the previous drafts of Ambasciatori della Fame. Compared to them, there are many more people in the crowd and the painting is physically much larger.
Pellizza also used a different range of color in La Fiumana than in earlier versions. This time, he played with "contrasts of yellow and red, with the dominant ones in the earthy, sulfuric figures and the tones of blue to green in the background, where the sky is of a more intense, stronger azure blue and the green of plants is reflected on the ground." The result is a much darker palette, compared to the light tones in Ambasciatori.
The shadow in the front of the earlier versions is no longer present, and the crowd is placed further forward and emphasized with a lower viewpoint. Likewise, the architectural elements have been reduced or removed. The pleading figure at right has been replaced by woman holding a baby in her arms; she stands slightly behind the other two workers and represents the inclusion of women as deserving of workers' rights.
Thanks to the various drawings, preparatory studies, and photographs of the models in pose, Pellizza was able to draft the definitive version of Fiumana in July 1895. The variants multiplied: the countryside underwent changes, while the line of figures in the back was made thinner or set further back, permitting the insertion of more figures. Pellizza's goal was to restore the vitality of a people that were no longer "a natural death, but a living, palpable mass, full of humble hopes or dark menace."
Pellizza tried to give Fiumana a universal scope, exemplified in a poem he wrote on the margin of the canvas:
1898–1901: Il Quarto Stato
Dissatisfied with the technical artistic effect of Fiumana but also in light of the brutal Bava Beccaris massacre in Milan, Pellizza decided in 1898 to make the work for a third time on "the greatest manifesto that the Italian proletariat could boast between the 19th and 20th century." His objectives were to render the crowd more tumultuous and impetuous, forming "a wedge towards the observer", and to perfect the chromatic values.
For these reasons, he made a smaller work, Il Cammino dei Lavoratori ("The Path of the Workers"), in 1898. In this preparatory drawing, he gave greater relief to the gestures of the workers, enriching their realism. For example, the woman worker in the front now gestures with her left hand, whereas in Fiumana she held her baby in both arms. The figures in the background express uncertainty or seem to be talking amongst themselves. The first row of workers are delineated with greater plasticity, "while embedding, like a river, the final part of the array, under a sky articulated with serene spaces and turbulent clouds."
This dynamism was also translated in work's palette, which returned to a cold range of colors that included rosy ochres, arranged with small brushstrokes of little lines and points. This is the post-Impressionist technique of divisionism, which tried to take a more scientific approach to color and became a national Italian art style.
The technical picture is explained by Pellizza in a letter of May 18, 1898, sent to his friend Mucchi:
With Il Camino dei Lavoratori, Pellizza's social aim for the picture changed, as he adopted Italian socialist proletarian culture. The depiction was no longer of a "human river," but of "men of labor" who struggled for universal rights as part of the class struggle. Also, unlike in previous versions, the figures of Il Cammino dei Lavoratori are individuated and identifiable. The workers' step toward the observer is not violent; it is slow, with a calmness that gives a sense of invincibility. This sense of inevitability matches Pellizza's belief in the gradual transformation of Italy into a socialist society.
The drafting of Il Cammino dei Lavoratori took three years. Pellizza was able to finish painting in 1901, and when the work was complete he decided to give it a new title—Il Quarto Stato—to refer to the Fourth Estate, the working class. This decision is attributed to Pellizza's discussion with a friend, Arzano, about their reading of Storia della rivoluzione francese by Jean Jaurès, which stated the third estate comprised both the bourgeois and the proletariat.
Description and style
Considered a symbol of the 20th century, artistically and socially, The Fourth Estate depicts a workers' strike. The divisionist style is used to depict the strikers walking casually towards the light, with their shadows behind them. The painting represents the full development of this theme from Pellizza's preparatory studies. The composition of the painting is balanced in its shapes and vibrant in its light, giving force to the mass movement it depicts.
The painting's laborers march in a piazza, presumably Piazza Malaspina in Volpedo. The procession's advance is not violent, but slow and sure, to suggest their inevitable victory. It was Pellizza's intention to give life to "a mass of people, of laborers of the earth who, intelligent, strong, robust, and united, advance like a river that floods each obstacle in its way to reassume a place of equilibrium." While Pellizza first wished only to draw a street demonstration, as had been represented in other works of the time (such as La Piazza Caricamento a Genova by Nomellini and The Orator of the Strike by Longoni), in later versions his intent changed to celebrating the imposition of the working classes, the "Fourth Estate," on the bourgeoisie class.
In the foreground of the image, there are three definite subjects: two men and a woman with a baby in her arms. The woman, whom Pellizza modeled on his wife Teresa, has bare feet and invites the demonstrators to follow her with an eloquent gesture. The folds of her dress show forward movement. To her right is probably the main protagonist of the scene: a "man of 35, fiery and intelligent, a laborer" (as Pelliza described him). He has one hand in his pants pocket and the other carries a jacket thrown over his shoulder; he proceeds with ease and strength. To his right is another man who advances mute and pensive, with a jacket falling over his left shoulder.
The other protestors take up around a fifth of the painting's frontal plane. They all display natural gestures: some carry babies in their arms, others use their hands to block the sun from their eyes, and some simply look straight ahead. Their figures are spread out horizontally, following a paratactic composition. On the one hand, this compositional solution recalls classical friezes. On the other, it evokes the realistic scene of a street demonstration. As described by art critic Maresa Sottile, through this combination, Pellizza "harmoniously joined the values of ancient classical civility to the modern consciousness of one's own civil rights." Pellizza married the demonstration to images reminiscent of Renaissance artworks, which directly inspired him through the expressiveness of figures in masterpieces like The School of Athens by Raphael and The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci.
The painting is in the divisionist style, which was popular in early 20th century Italy. The style, similar to the earlier pointillism, uses the juxtaposition of individual points of color to create new chromatic experiences, rather than mixing paints before they reach the canvas. It was believed that this led to the most natural depiction of light possible, through the scientific application of color. Art critic de Puppo also believes that the use of unmixed colors to generate the entire painting's palette has affinity with its theme of "organized masses of people."
Models
Many characters depicted in the painting are modeled after friends of the artist, socialist activists, and natives of Volpedo. The woman in the forefront holding a baby is based on Teresa Bidone, the artist's wife:
: Giovanni Zarri, called Gioanon, born on December 3, 1854, in Volpedo to Angiola Regiza. He began his carpentry business at a young age. He married Luigina Belloni, with whom he had eight children, and they moved to via Ferzina 13 in Volpedo, where he lived until his death on October 30, 1910. This figure was also partly modeled on Giovanni Gatti, the pharmacist in Volpedo, whom Pellizza enjoyed discussing socialism with.
: Teresa Bidone, daughter of Antonio and Tranquilla Mandirola, born in Volpedo in 1875. In 1892, she married Pellizza, and they had three children: Maria, Nerina, and Pietro. She died in 1907, immediately after giving birth to their third child.
: Giacomo Bidone, later known as Giacomo Maria Clemente Silvestro, born in Volpedo on October 16, 1884. He remained there, working as a carpenter and remaining a widower after the death of his wife Lucotti, until 1891, when he moved to Viguzzolo. From there, he emigrated to America, following the footsteps of his uncle.
: Luigi Dolcini, born in Volpedo on February 23, 1881 to Siro Emanuele Zaccaria and Giuseppina Giani.
, : Giuseppe Tedesi, born July 18, 1883 in Volpedo. Creator of a historic family of tableware, he lived in the town of Brignano-Frascata together with his wife Rosalia Giani. He died in 1968.
: Lorenzo Roveretti, son of Giovanni and Bidone Teresa di Filippo, born in Volpedo on January 17, 1874.
: Costantino Gatti, born in Volpedo on the October 1, 1849 to Carlo and Rosa Torlasco. A known local basketmaker, he married Guiditta Bernini in 1878. He lived with her until his death on December 9, 1925.
: Maria Albina Bidone, younger sister of Teresa Bidone and born in Volpedo in 1879. She died of consumption in 1907. Her husband Giovanni Ferrari (), overwhelmed by sadness, committed suicide in 1932.
Name
For Pellizza, "Fourth Estate" referred to the exploited working class. Before the French Revolution, French society was divided into three estates or orders: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). Although the Third Estate was by far the largest, it was also heterogeneous and included everyone from urban professionals and businessmen to farmers and laborers. The French Revolution marked the ascent of the bourgeoisie as the ruling class within the third estate. Social and industrial transformations accelerated the perception of the working class as a distinct social class—a "fourth estate" producing the wealth of the modern economy but deprived of political representation.
Reception and legacy
Pellizza always intended The Fourth Estate to be publicly displayed. It was first unveiled to the public at the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna, held in Turin in 1902. The work received no recognition (the jury, which included Pellizza's sculptor friend Leonardo Bistolfi, awarded Davide Calandra and his Monument to the Prince Amedeo), and it was not bought by a museum. Although The Fourth Estate was passed over by art critics, it was applauded by other painters and labor organizers. The poet wrote that "it is something that will remain and not fear time, because time will aid it."
In 1903, the painting was reproduced in the Milanese journal Leggetemi! Almanacco per la pace as an artistic frame for an article by Edmondo De Amicis. It was reproduced on May 1, 1903, in the journal Unione and on May 1, 1904, in the periodical L'Avanguardia socialist. It was used in 1905 as a symbol of the working class in , a daily magazine of the Italian Socialist Party. In 1906, the Vogherese journal L'Uomo che ride made a postcard of the painting on the direction of Ernesto Majocchi, a good friend of Pellizza, with the "most grateful" consent of the artist. While the painting still did not garner much acclaim from art critics, it became more and more well known through its numerous reproductions and prints in socialist newspapers.
Meanwhile, with the wide diffusion of the work, Pellizza tried several times in vain to exhibit The Fourth Estate. Exhibition committees routinely refused to exhibit the painting during those early years due to its subject matter. Pellizza would only see it exhibited once, in 1907 at the Society for the Promotion of Arts in Rome, before his death by suicide in June of that year.
After Pellizza's death, The Fourth Estate remained the property of his family, out of public view. In 1920, it was displayed in a retrospective show dedicated to Pellizza at the in Milan, thanks to the growth of leftist culture during the Biennio Rosso. It was a decisive show for the physical future of the work; the painting impressed Guido Marangoni, a socialist councilor of Milan and art critic. With the municipal counselor Fausto Costa, Marangoni managed to purchase it in 1920 through public subscription for 50,000 lire. After its acquisition, the painting entered the collection of Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Milan and was displayed in the ballroom of Sforza Castle.
During the Italian fascist regime in the 1930s, the painting was rolled up and stored in the basement of the castle. After the war, it was reinstated for public view in 1954 and was displayed initially in the Palazzo Marino. Its utopian representation of social progress was popular during the ongoing political struggle between the Christian Democrat party and the Italian socialist and communist parties during the 1950s. The acclaim of art critic , who declared in 1960 that the painting was "the greatest monument that the workers' movement has ever been able to boast in Italy," also kept The Fourth Estate in the public eye.
With the development of mass media, The Fourth Estate was popularized outside of artistic and literary circles, appearing even in film. Pelizza's compositional choices became a touchstone for leftist Italian artists in the 1940s and '50s: Giuseppe De Santis used the image of workers walking forward in a line for his neorealist 1947 film, Tragic Hunt, and Renato Guttuso used The Fourth Estate to compose his (now destroyed) 1953 oil painting Occupazione di terre in Sicilia. From that point on, the painting became a feature of numerous exhibitions and research projects, notably including monographs by Aurora Scotti and Gabriella Pelissero. Bernardo Bertolucci's epic historical film of 1976, 1900, displayed the opening credits over a slow zoom of The Fourth Estate.
After undergoing a restoration by Giovanni Rossi in 1976, The Fourth Estate remained at the Palazzo Marino until 1980, when it moved to the Galleria d'Arte Moderna in Milan. It was displayed in a gallery room entirely devoted to divisionism. It remained there until December 2010, when it was moved to its current location, Milan's Museo del Novecento. (The earlier Fiumana version is held in the Pinacoteca di Brera, also in Milan.)
The Museo del Novecento considers the painting one of its most valuable masterpieces, and the architect Italo Rota was commissioned to design a room to house the display of the painting. The display, however, was criticized for its awkward and constrained space. The museum had decided to make the work viewable to the public, without a ticket, but not to display the work in the museum's main lobby, leading to Institutional Critique of the museum.
Still, The Fourth Estate itself is held up as an exemplar of Italian social realism at the turn of the 20th century. Modern critics have also noted its contradiction between socialist symbolism and Catholic nostalgia.
See also
Social realism and socialist realism
Socialism in Italy
Scapigliatura
References
Bibliography
External links
1901 paintings
Italian paintings
Paintings in the Museo del Novecento
Modern paintings |
Gallinara or Isola d'Albenga is a small private island that lies in the Ligurian Sea off the coast of Albenga in the Province of Savona, Liguria, northern Italy. It is known for its unique shape, resembling a turtle.
Etymology
the name comes from “galline” (Italian for wild hens) as they used to populate the island
History
On the island, then called Gallinara, Martin, destined to become Saint Martin of Tours, decided in his youth to seek shelter and live the solitary life of a hermit, before he joined Hilary of Poitiers in Gaul. The wreck of a Roman ship has been found in the waters of its coast. It was owned by the church until 1842. During World War II the island was occupied by German soldiers. In 2020 the island was planned to be bought by Ukrainian businessman Olexandr Boguslayev for 25 million euros, with criticism by politicians and locals, as the island is considered a heritage site by many. although the island reverted to being public.
Nature conservation
The island is now protected as the Riserva Naturale Regionale Isola Gallinara, a shelter for the herring gull, with one of the largest colonies of this bird in the Mediterranean, and for rare plant species and stretches of intact shallow sea floor.
It is also included in a SIC (Site of Community Importance) called Isola Gallinara (code IT1324908 ).
See also
List of islands of Italy
References
Islands of Liguria
Ligurian Sea
Natura 2000 in Italy
Private islands of Italy |
```smalltalk
"
This package contains the code related to the tests of Jobs.
See the comment of Jobs package for more informations.
"
Class {
#name : 'ManifestJobsTests',
#superclass : 'PackageManifest',
#category : 'Jobs-Tests-Manifest',
#package : 'Jobs-Tests',
#tag : 'Manifest'
}
``` |
Qinar (), also known as Qiz, may refer to:
Qinar-e Olya
Qinar-e Sofla |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
var namedtypedtuple = require( './../lib' );
// FUNCTIONS //
/**
* Creates a benchmark function.
*
* @private
* @param {PositiveInteger} len - tuple length
* @returns {Function} benchmark function
*/
function createBenchmark( len ) {
var fields;
var Point;
var p;
var i;
fields = [];
for ( i = 0; i < len+1; i++ ) {
fields.push( '_'+i.toString() );
}
Point = namedtypedtuple( fields );
p = new Point();
return benchmark;
/**
* Benchmark function.
*
* @private
* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
*/
function benchmark( b ) {
var out;
var i;
b.tic();
for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
out = p.lastFieldOf( (3.14*i)+1.0 );
if ( typeof out !== 'undefined' ) {
b.fail( 'should return undefined' );
}
}
b.toc();
if ( typeof out !== 'undefined' ) {
b.fail( 'should return undefined' );
}
b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
b.end();
}
}
// MAIN //
/**
* Main execution sequence.
*
* @private
*/
function main() {
var len;
var min;
var max;
var f;
var i;
min = 1; // 10^min
max = 6; // 10^max
for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
len = pow( 10, i );
f = createBenchmark( len );
bench( pkg+':lastFieldOf:len='+len, f );
}
}
main();
``` |
Thomas E. Anderson (born August 28, 1961) is an American computer scientist noted for his research on distributed computing, networking and operating systems.
Biography
Anderson received a B.A. in Philosophy from Harvard University in 1983. He received a M.S. in computer science from University of Washington in 1989 and a Ph.D in computer science from University of Washington in 1991.
He then joined the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley as an assistant professor in 1991. While there he was promoted to associate professor in 1996. In 1997, he moved to the University of Washington as an associate professor. In 2001, he was promoted to professor, and in 2009 to the Robert E. Dinning Professor in Computer Science. He currently holds the Warren Francis and Wilma Kolm Bradley Endowed Chair.
Awards
His notable awards include:
ACM SIGOPS Mark Weiser Award in 2005
ACM Fellow in 2005
IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award, 2013
USENIX Lifetime Achievement Award, 2014
National Academy of Engineering, 2016, for "contributions to the design of resilient and efficient distributed computer systems."
Works
References
External links
University of Washington web page: Thomas E. Anderson, Department of Computer Science
American computer scientists
University of Washington faculty
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
ACM
Living people
Harvard College alumni
University of Washington alumni
1961 births
People from Orlando, Florida
Scientists from Florida
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering |
```go
package get_test
import (
"fmt"
. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
"github.com/werf/werf/v2/test/pkg/utils"
)
var _ = Describe("helm get-something", func() {
envName := "test"
BeforeEach(func() {
SuiteData.CommitProjectWorktree(SuiteData.ProjectName, utils.FixturePath("base"), "initial commit")
SuiteData.Stubs.SetEnv("WERF_ENV", envName)
})
It("should receive release name (default scheme)", func() {
output := utils.SucceedCommandOutputString(
SuiteData.GetProjectWorktree(SuiteData.ProjectName),
SuiteData.WerfBinPath,
"helm", "get-release",
)
(output).Should(ContainSubstring(utils.ProjectName() + "-" + envName))
})
It("should receive namespace name (default scheme)", func() {
output := utils.SucceedCommandOutputString(
SuiteData.GetProjectWorktree(SuiteData.ProjectName),
SuiteData.WerfBinPath,
"helm", "get-namespace",
)
(output).Should(ContainSubstring(utils.ProjectName() + "-" + envName))
})
It("should receive namespace name (default scheme)", func() {
output := utils.SucceedCommandOutputString(
SuiteData.GetProjectWorktree(SuiteData.ProjectName),
SuiteData.WerfBinPath,
"helm", "get-namespace",
)
(output).Should(ContainSubstring(utils.ProjectName() + "-" + envName))
})
It("should receive autogenerated values", func() {
output := utils.SucceedCommandOutputString(
SuiteData.GetProjectWorktree(SuiteData.ProjectName),
SuiteData.WerfBinPath,
"helm", "get-autogenerated-values", "--stub-tags",
)
for _, substrFormat := range []string{
"env: %[2]s",
"namespace: %[1]s-%[2]s",
"name: %[1]s",
} {
(output).Should(ContainSubstring(fmt.Sprintf(substrFormat, utils.ProjectName(), envName)))
}
})
})
``` |
Riegele is a traditional German brewery located in Augsburg, Swabia, Bavaria.
The Brauhaus Riegele was created in 1884, when Sebastian Riegele Sr. acquired the brewery "Zum Goldenen Ross", which originated in 1386.
In 1911, a new building was built outside the city as well as the construction of the "Riegelehaus" on the Königsplatz.
At the end of the 1980s, the Brauhaus acquired the name rights for the lactic acid-based lemonade "Chabeso".
In 2015 Sierra Nevada Brewing Company partnered with Riegele on Oktoberfest.
See also
Josef Priller
List of oldest companies
References
External links
Homepage in German
Facebook page
14th-century establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Breweries in Germany
Beer brands of Germany
Companies established in the 14th century |
Valley is a low area between hills.
Valley may also refer to:
Places
Canada
Valley, Nova Scotia
Germany
Valley, Bavaria
United States
Valley, Alabama
Valley, Nebraska
Valley, New Jersey
Valley, Ohio
Valley, Providence, Rhode Island, a neighborhood
Valley, Washington
Valley, West Virginia
Valley, Wisconsin
Valley Creek (Pennsylvania), a tributary of the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania
Valley Mountains, of Utah
Wales
Valley, Anglesey
People
Alvin Valley, American fashion designer
Dylan Valley, South African film producer
F. Wayne Valley (1914–1986), American businessman, original part-owner and managing partner of the Oakland Raiders
Mark Valley (born 1964), American actor
Paul Michael Valley (born 1966), American actor
Arts, entertainment, and media
Valley (band), a Canadian indie pop band
Valley (video game), a first-person adventure game
The Big Valley, an American Western television series (1965–1969)
Valley Records, a record label
Brands and enterprises
Valley-Dynamo LLC
Valley Co., an American manufacturer of pool tables; now a subsidiary of Valley-Dynamo LLC
Other uses
Valley girl, a socio-economic classification
Valleyspeak or Valspeak, an American sociolect primarily associated with Valley girls
Valley railway station, Wales
See also
Vallay
The Valley (disambiguation)
Valley Center (disambiguation)
Valley City (disambiguation)
Valley County (disambiguation)
Valley Township (disambiguation)
Valley View (disambiguation) |
Thonne-les-Près () is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Meuse department
References
Thonnelespres |
The following lists events that happened during 2004 in Spain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Juan Carlos I
Prime Minister: José María Aznar (until April 16), José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (starting April 21)
Events
March 11 - Ten bombs explode on four trains in Madrid, leaving 191 dead and over 1000 injured.
March 12 - Millions of people pack rainswept streets across Spain in protest against the recent Madrid bombings.
March 14 - A general election is held in Spain.
March 14 - Spanish police receives a videotape where a man identifying himself as an al-Qaeda spokesman says the organisation claims responsibility for the attack, according to an announcement from the country's interior minister. The authenticity of the video has not been verified. The al-Qaeda claim overshadows voting in the general election.
March 15 - Newly elected Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero announces his government's opposition to the invasion and continued occupation of Iraq and his intention to withdraw Spanish troops from Iraq by June 30, unless they are part of a U.N. force.
March 16 - Spanish police identify six Moroccans suspected to have carried out the Madrid attacks. Five of the suspects are still at large but one is in custody.
March 29 - Spain is reported to be considering doubling her number of troops stationed in Afghanistan.
April 2 - The Spanish government discloses that a powerful bomb has been discovered on the high-speed AVE railway line between Madrid and Seville.
April 3 - At least three persons suspected in involvement in the March 11, 2004 Madrid bombings blow themselves up in an apartment building in the Madrid suburb Leganés as police officers try to arrest them. Besides the suspects, one police officer is killed and 11 injured.
April 4 - Serhane ben Abdelmajid Farkhet (alias "The Tunisian") is suspected of dying in the April 3 Madrid explosion (along with three other suspects). Spanish Interior Minister Angel Acebes announces that the ringleader of the March 11, 2004 Madrid bombings is dead. 200 detonators and 22 pounds of dynamite were found "in the apartment where the four terrorists blew themselves up as police closed in", Acebes said.
April 17 - Socialist Party leader José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is sworn in as Spain's prime minister.
Fundación José María Castañé is founded.
See also
2004 in Spanish television
List of Spanish films of 2004
References
Years of the 21st century in Spain
Spain
2000s in Spain
Spain |
```go
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
// versions:
// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1
// - protoc (unknown)
// source: cosmos/protocolpool/v1/query.proto
package protocolpoolv1
import (
context "context"
grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
codes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
status "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)
// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
// is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
// Requires gRPC-Go v1.64.0 or later.
const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
const (
Query_CommunityPool_FullMethodName = "/cosmos.protocolpool.v1.Query/CommunityPool"
Query_UnclaimedBudget_FullMethodName = "/cosmos.protocolpool.v1.Query/UnclaimedBudget"
)
// QueryClient is the client API for Query service.
//
// For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to path_to_url#ClientConn.NewStream.
//
// Query defines the gRPC querier service for community pool module.
type QueryClient interface {
// CommunityPool queries the community pool coins.
CommunityPool(ctx context.Context, in *QueryCommunityPoolRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*QueryCommunityPoolResponse, error)
// UnclaimedBudget queries the remaining budget left to be claimed and it gives overall budget allocation view.
UnclaimedBudget(ctx context.Context, in *QueryUnclaimedBudgetRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*QueryUnclaimedBudgetResponse, error)
}
type queryClient struct {
cc grpc.ClientConnInterface
}
func NewQueryClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) QueryClient {
return &queryClient{cc}
}
func (c *queryClient) CommunityPool(ctx context.Context, in *QueryCommunityPoolRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*QueryCommunityPoolResponse, error) {
cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
out := new(QueryCommunityPoolResponse)
err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Query_CommunityPool_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return out, nil
}
func (c *queryClient) UnclaimedBudget(ctx context.Context, in *QueryUnclaimedBudgetRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*QueryUnclaimedBudgetResponse, error) {
cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
out := new(QueryUnclaimedBudgetResponse)
err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Query_UnclaimedBudget_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return out, nil
}
// QueryServer is the server API for Query service.
// All implementations must embed UnimplementedQueryServer
// for forward compatibility.
//
// Query defines the gRPC querier service for community pool module.
type QueryServer interface {
// CommunityPool queries the community pool coins.
CommunityPool(context.Context, *QueryCommunityPoolRequest) (*QueryCommunityPoolResponse, error)
// UnclaimedBudget queries the remaining budget left to be claimed and it gives overall budget allocation view.
UnclaimedBudget(context.Context, *QueryUnclaimedBudgetRequest) (*QueryUnclaimedBudgetResponse, error)
mustEmbedUnimplementedQueryServer()
}
// UnimplementedQueryServer must be embedded to have
// forward compatible implementations.
//
// NOTE: this should be embedded by value instead of pointer to avoid a nil
// pointer dereference when methods are called.
type UnimplementedQueryServer struct{}
func (UnimplementedQueryServer) CommunityPool(context.Context, *QueryCommunityPoolRequest) (*QueryCommunityPoolResponse, error) {
return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CommunityPool not implemented")
}
func (UnimplementedQueryServer) UnclaimedBudget(context.Context, *QueryUnclaimedBudgetRequest) (*QueryUnclaimedBudgetResponse, error) {
return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method UnclaimedBudget not implemented")
}
func (UnimplementedQueryServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedQueryServer() {}
func (UnimplementedQueryServer) testEmbeddedByValue() {}
// UnsafeQueryServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
// Use of this interface is not recommended, as added methods to QueryServer will
// result in compilation errors.
type UnsafeQueryServer interface {
mustEmbedUnimplementedQueryServer()
}
func RegisterQueryServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv QueryServer) {
// If the following call pancis, it indicates UnimplementedQueryServer was
// embedded by pointer and is nil. This will cause panics if an
// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
if t, ok := srv.(interface{ testEmbeddedByValue() }); ok {
t.testEmbeddedByValue()
}
s.RegisterService(&Query_ServiceDesc, srv)
}
func _Query_CommunityPool_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
in := new(QueryCommunityPoolRequest)
if err := dec(in); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if interceptor == nil {
return srv.(QueryServer).CommunityPool(ctx, in)
}
info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
Server: srv,
FullMethod: Query_CommunityPool_FullMethodName,
}
handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
return srv.(QueryServer).CommunityPool(ctx, req.(*QueryCommunityPoolRequest))
}
return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
}
func _Query_UnclaimedBudget_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
in := new(QueryUnclaimedBudgetRequest)
if err := dec(in); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if interceptor == nil {
return srv.(QueryServer).UnclaimedBudget(ctx, in)
}
info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
Server: srv,
FullMethod: Query_UnclaimedBudget_FullMethodName,
}
handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
return srv.(QueryServer).UnclaimedBudget(ctx, req.(*QueryUnclaimedBudgetRequest))
}
return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
}
// Query_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for Query service.
// It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
// and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
var Query_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
ServiceName: "cosmos.protocolpool.v1.Query",
HandlerType: (*QueryServer)(nil),
Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
{
MethodName: "CommunityPool",
Handler: _Query_CommunityPool_Handler,
},
{
MethodName: "UnclaimedBudget",
Handler: _Query_UnclaimedBudget_Handler,
},
},
Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{},
Metadata: "cosmos/protocolpool/v1/query.proto",
}
``` |
Little Flower Convent Higher Secondary School in Irinjalakuda, in the Kerala state of India, was established by the sisters of the Congregation of Mother of Carmel (C.M.C). in 1923. It is the oldest and largest educational institution in Irinjalakuda. It is the largest congregation of sisters founded by Blessed Chavara Kuriyakose Elias. It is a government aided English and Malayalam-medium school. The school started with lower primary and high school. Later in 2003, higher secondary section was also added to it. It began as a Malayalam-medium school and an English-medium was added later on. The school is primarily for girls and boys are allowed until fourth grade. The school is going to open a new branch in Bathinda, Punjab. The construction work has been started and soon it will be benefited for the students of bathinda.
Notable alumni
Innocent, MP and Malayalam cinema actor
Principals
Sr. Florence CMC (a.k.a. Sr. Lilly Paul. P) 2010–present
Sr. Ann Maria (a.k.a. Sr. Kochumariam K.A) 2006 - 2010
Sr. Deepthi (a.k.a. Sr. Anna.K.K) 2004 - 2006
Sr. Merceena (a.k.a. Sr. Achama A.L) 2001 - 2004
Sr. Josrita (a.k.a. Sr. Reethamma T.K.) 1995 - 2001
Sr. Mercy 1984 - 1995
Sr. Mary Justin 1978 - 1984
Sr. Clarissa 1971 - 1978
Sr. Abraham 1969 - 1971
Sr. Domittila 1965 - 1969
Sr. Celin 1935 - 1965
References
Catholic secondary schools in India
Christian schools in Kerala
Primary schools in Kerala
High schools and secondary schools in Kerala
Schools in Thrissur district
Educational institutions established in 1923
1923 establishments in India |
Pterodoras rivasi is a species of thorny catfish found in the Orinoco River basin of Colombia and Venezuela. This species grows to a length of SL.
References
Doradidae
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Fish of Venezuela
Fish described in 1950 |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package main
import (
"io"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"k8s.io/kops/cmd/kops/util"
)
func NewCmdValidate(f *util.Factory, out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "validate",
Short: validateClusterShort,
}
// create subcommands
cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdValidateCluster(f, out))
return cmd
}
``` |
Kristina Schmid (born 1972) is a Swedish photographer from Stockholm.
Schmid visited the Medborgarskolan art school in Stockholm from 1993 to 1994, and afterwards the Pernbys målarskola until 1996, also in Stockholm. From 1996 to 2001, she studied at the Valand School of Fine Arts in Göteborg, and participated courses at Munich's Academy of Fine Arts in Germany.
Exhibitions
1997:
"Unga Tecknare", Nationalmuseum, Stockholm (group exhibition)
"Tecknade Pärlor", Galleri Rotor, Gothenburg (group exhibition)
1998: "Galerie Bar", Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (group exhibition)
1999: "Begär", Fyrstads' project, Dårstugan, Vänersborg (group exhibition)
2001: graduates' exhibition, Valand School of Fine Arts, Gothenburg (group exhibition)
2003:
Studio 44, Stockholm (solo exhibition)
Liljevalchs vårsalong, Stockholm (group exhibition)
2004: Liljevalchs vårsalong, Stockholm (group exhibition)
2005: "and being confused is an exercise", Galleri 54 (Grupp 54), Gothenburg (solo exhibition)
2006: art forum, Norrköping (solo exhibition; co: Jenny Granlund)
2008: Liljevalchs vårsalong, Stockholm (group exhibition)
2010: Galleri 1, Gothenburg (solo exhibition).
References
External links
artist's website
Interview, Alexandra Hedberg
Swedish photographers
Swedish women photographers
Artists from Stockholm
1972 births
Living people
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni |
Elif Köroğlu is a Turkish female football referee and long-distance runner.
Elif Köroğlu began her official career in the amateur league match in March 2015. She served in the role of referee in various age categories of the amateur league between 2016 and 2017. In July 2017, she was promoted to the position of professional referee. She serves as a referee in the women's and men's professional leagues.
She started her athletics by running in the 4K meters branch. When she was only 14 years old, she ran 55.02 seconds and became the third in Turkey. She then continued in the 400 meters branch. In 2013 she started running 5K, 10K, 15K, 25K, 21K and 42K. She has different championships in these branches as well.
References
External links
Living people
Turkish football referees
Turkish women referees and umpires
Women association football referees
Turkish female long-distance runners
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```python
"""Tools for helping with ANSI color codes."""
import re
import sys
import warnings
import builtins
from xonsh.platform import HAS_PYGMENTS
from xonsh.lazyasd import LazyDict, lazyobject
from xonsh.color_tools import (
RE_BACKGROUND,
BASE_XONSH_COLORS,
make_palette,
find_closest_color,
rgb2short,
rgb_to_256,
short_to_ints,
)
from xonsh.tools import FORMATTER
def ansi_partial_color_format(template, style="default", cmap=None, hide=False):
"""Formats a template string but only with respect to the colors.
Another template string is returned, with the color values filled in.
Parameters
----------
template : str
The template string, potentially with color names.
style : str, optional
Style name to look up color map from.
cmap : dict, optional
A color map to use, this will prevent the color map from being
looked up via the style name.
hide : bool, optional
Whether to wrap the color codes in the \\001 and \\002 escape
codes, so that the color codes are not counted against line
length.
Returns
-------
A template string with the color values filled in.
"""
try:
return _ansi_partial_color_format_main(
template, style=style, cmap=cmap, hide=hide
)
except Exception:
return template
def _ansi_partial_color_format_main(template, style="default", cmap=None, hide=False):
if cmap is not None:
pass
elif style in ANSI_STYLES:
cmap = ANSI_STYLES[style]
else:
try: # dynamically loading the style
cmap = ansi_style_by_name(style)
except Exception:
msg = "Could not find color style {0!r}, using default."
print(msg.format(style), file=sys.stderr)
builtins.__xonsh__.env["XONSH_COLOR_STYLE"] = "default"
cmap = ANSI_STYLES["default"]
esc = ("\001" if hide else "") + "\033["
m = "m" + ("\002" if hide else "")
bopen = "{"
bclose = "}"
colon = ":"
expl = "!"
toks = []
for literal, field, spec, conv in FORMATTER.parse(template):
toks.append(literal)
if field is None:
pass
elif field in cmap:
toks.extend([esc, cmap[field], m])
elif "#" in field:
field = field.lower()
pre, _, post = field.partition("#")
f_or_b = "38" if RE_BACKGROUND.search(pre) is None else "48"
rgb, _, post = post.partition("_")
c256, _ = rgb_to_256(rgb)
color = f_or_b + ";5;" + c256
mods = pre + "_" + post
if "underline" in mods:
color = "4;" + color
if "bold" in mods:
color = "1;" + color
toks.extend([esc, color, m])
elif field is not None:
toks.append(bopen)
toks.append(field)
if conv is not None and len(conv) > 0:
toks.append(expl)
toks.append(conv)
if spec is not None and len(spec) > 0:
toks.append(colon)
toks.append(spec)
toks.append(bclose)
return "".join(toks)
def ansi_color_style_names():
"""Returns an iterable of all ANSI color style names."""
return ANSI_STYLES.keys()
def ansi_color_style(style="default"):
"""Returns the current color map."""
if style in ANSI_STYLES:
cmap = ANSI_STYLES[style]
else:
msg = "Could not find color style {0!r}, using default.".format(style)
warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning)
cmap = ANSI_STYLES["default"]
return cmap
def ansi_reverse_style(style="default", return_style=False):
"""Reverses an ANSI color style mapping so that escape codes map to
colors. Style may either be string or mapping. May also return
the style it looked up.
"""
style = ansi_style_by_name(style) if isinstance(style, str) else style
reversed_style = {v: k for k, v in style.items()}
# add keys to make this more useful
updates = {
"1": "BOLD_",
"2": "FAINT_",
"4": "UNDERLINE_",
"5": "SLOWBLINK_",
"1;4": "BOLD_UNDERLINE_",
"4;1": "BOLD_UNDERLINE_",
"38": "SET_FOREGROUND_",
"48": "SET_BACKGROUND_",
"38;2": "SET_FOREGROUND_3INTS_",
"48;2": "SET_BACKGROUND_3INTS_",
"38;5": "SET_FOREGROUND_SHORT_",
"48;5": "SET_BACKGROUND_SHORT_",
}
for ec, name in reversed_style.items():
no_left_zero = ec.lstrip("0")
if no_left_zero.startswith(";"):
updates[no_left_zero[1:]] = name
elif no_left_zero != ec:
updates[no_left_zero] = name
reversed_style.update(updates)
# return results
if return_style:
return style, reversed_style
else:
return reversed_style
@lazyobject
def ANSI_ESCAPE_CODE_RE():
return re.compile(r"\001?(\033\[)?([0-9;]+)m?\002?")
@lazyobject
def ANSI_REVERSE_COLOR_NAME_TRANSLATIONS():
base = {
"SET_FOREGROUND_FAINT_": "SET_FOREGROUND_3INTS_",
"SET_BACKGROUND_FAINT_": "SET_BACKGROUND_3INTS_",
"SET_FOREGROUND_SLOWBLINK_": "SET_FOREGROUND_SHORT_",
"SET_BACKGROUND_SLOWBLINK_": "SET_BACKGROUND_SHORT_",
}
data = {"UNDERLINE_BOLD_": "BOLD_UNDERLINE_"}
data.update(base)
data.update({"BOLD_" + k: "BOLD_" + v for k, v in base.items()})
data.update({"UNDERLINE_" + k: "UNDERLINE_" + v for k, v in base.items()})
data.update({"BOLD_UNDERLINE_" + k: "BOLD_UNDERLINE_" + v for k, v in base.items()})
data.update({"UNDERLINE_BOLD_" + k: "BOLD_UNDERLINE_" + v for k, v in base.items()})
return data
@lazyobject
def ANSI_COLOR_NAME_SET_3INTS_RE():
return re.compile(r"(\w+_)?SET_(FORE|BACK)GROUND_3INTS_(\d+)_(\d+)_(\d+)")
@lazyobject
def ANSI_COLOR_NAME_SET_SHORT_RE():
return re.compile(r"(\w+_)?SET_(FORE|BACK)GROUND_SHORT_(\d+)")
def _color_name_from_ints(ints, background=False, prefix=None):
name = find_closest_color(ints, BASE_XONSH_COLORS)
if background:
name = "BACKGROUND_" + name
name = name if prefix is None else prefix + name
return name
_ANSI_COLOR_ESCAPE_CODE_TO_NAME_CACHE = {}
def ansi_color_escape_code_to_name(escape_code, style, reversed_style=None):
"""Converts an ASNI color code escape sequence to a tuple of color names
in the provided style ('default' should almost be the style). For example,
'0' becomes ('NO_COLOR',) and '32;41' becomes ('GREEN', 'BACKGROUND_RED').
The style keyword may either be a string, in which the style is looked up,
or an actual style dict. You can also provide a reversed style mapping,
too, which is just the keys/values of the style dict swapped. If reversed
style is not provided, it is computed.
"""
key = (escape_code, style)
if key in _ANSI_COLOR_ESCAPE_CODE_TO_NAME_CACHE:
return _ANSI_COLOR_ESCAPE_CODE_TO_NAME_CACHE[key]
if reversed_style is None:
style, reversed_style = ansi_reverse_style(style, return_style=True)
# strip some actual escape codes, if needed.
ec = ANSI_ESCAPE_CODE_RE.match(escape_code).group(2)
names = []
n_ints = 0
seen_set_foreback = False
for e in ec.split(";"):
no_left_zero = e.lstrip("0") if len(e) > 1 else e
if seen_set_foreback and n_ints > 0:
names.append(e)
n_ints -= 1
if n_ints == 0:
seen_set_foreback = False
continue
else:
names.append(reversed_style.get(no_left_zero, no_left_zero))
# set the flags for next time
if "38" == e or "48" == e:
seen_set_foreback = True
elif "2" == e:
n_ints = 3
elif "5" == e:
n_ints = 1
# normalize names
n = ""
norm_names = []
colors = set(reversed_style.values())
for name in names:
if name == "NO_COLOR":
# skip most '0' entries
continue
n = n + name if n else name
n = ANSI_REVERSE_COLOR_NAME_TRANSLATIONS.get(n, n)
if n.endswith("_"):
continue
elif ANSI_COLOR_NAME_SET_SHORT_RE.match(n) is not None:
pre, fore_back, short = ANSI_COLOR_NAME_SET_SHORT_RE.match(n).groups()
n = _color_name_from_ints(
short_to_ints(short), background=(fore_back == "BACK"), prefix=pre
)
elif ANSI_COLOR_NAME_SET_3INTS_RE.match(n) is not None:
pre, fore_back, r, g, b = ANSI_COLOR_NAME_SET_3INTS_RE.match(n).groups()
n = _color_name_from_ints(
(int(r), int(g), int(b)), background=(fore_back == "BACK"), prefix=pre
)
elif "GROUND_3INTS_" in n:
# have 1 or 2, but not 3 ints
n += "_"
continue
# error check
if n not in colors:
msg = (
"Could not translate ANSI color code {escape_code!r} "
"into a known color in the palette. Specifically, the {n!r} "
"portion of {name!r} in {names!r} seems to missing."
)
raise ValueError(
msg.format(escape_code=escape_code, names=names, name=name, n=n)
)
norm_names.append(n)
n = ""
# return
if len(norm_names) == 0:
return ("NO_COLOR",)
else:
return tuple(norm_names)
def _ansi_expand_style(cmap):
"""Expands a style in order to more quickly make color map changes."""
for key, val in list(cmap.items()):
if key == "NO_COLOR":
continue
elif len(val) == 0:
cmap["BOLD_" + key] = "1"
cmap["UNDERLINE_" + key] = "4"
cmap["BOLD_UNDERLINE_" + key] = "1;4"
cmap["BACKGROUND_" + key] = val
else:
cmap["BOLD_" + key] = "1;" + val
cmap["UNDERLINE_" + key] = "4;" + val
cmap["BOLD_UNDERLINE_" + key] = "1;4;" + val
cmap["BACKGROUND_" + key] = val.replace("38", "48", 1)
def _bw_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "0;30",
"BLUE": "0;37",
"CYAN": "0;37",
"GREEN": "0;37",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "0;90",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "0;97",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "0;97",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "0;97",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "0;97",
"INTENSE_RED": "0;97",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "0;97",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "0;97",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "0;37",
"RED": "0;37",
"WHITE": "0;37",
"YELLOW": "0;37",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _default_style():
style = {
# Reset
"NO_COLOR": "0", # Text Reset
# Regular Colors
"BLACK": "0;30", # BLACK
"RED": "0;31", # RED
"GREEN": "0;32", # GREEN
"YELLOW": "0;33", # YELLOW
"BLUE": "0;34", # BLUE
"PURPLE": "0;35", # PURPLE
"CYAN": "0;36", # CYAN
"WHITE": "0;37", # WHITE
# Bold
"BOLD_BLACK": "1;30", # BLACK
"BOLD_RED": "1;31", # RED
"BOLD_GREEN": "1;32", # GREEN
"BOLD_YELLOW": "1;33", # YELLOW
"BOLD_BLUE": "1;34", # BLUE
"BOLD_PURPLE": "1;35", # PURPLE
"BOLD_CYAN": "1;36", # CYAN
"BOLD_WHITE": "1;37", # WHITE
# Underline
"UNDERLINE_BLACK": "4;30", # BLACK
"UNDERLINE_RED": "4;31", # RED
"UNDERLINE_GREEN": "4;32", # GREEN
"UNDERLINE_YELLOW": "4;33", # YELLOW
"UNDERLINE_BLUE": "4;34", # BLUE
"UNDERLINE_PURPLE": "4;35", # PURPLE
"UNDERLINE_CYAN": "4;36", # CYAN
"UNDERLINE_WHITE": "4;37", # WHITE
# Bold, Underline
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_BLACK": "1;4;30", # BLACK
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_RED": "1;4;31", # RED
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_GREEN": "1;4;32", # GREEN
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_YELLOW": "1;4;33", # YELLOW
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_BLUE": "1;4;34", # BLUE
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_PURPLE": "1;4;35", # PURPLE
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_CYAN": "1;4;36", # CYAN
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_WHITE": "1;4;37", # WHITE
# Background
"BACKGROUND_BLACK": "40", # BLACK
"BACKGROUND_RED": "41", # RED
"BACKGROUND_GREEN": "42", # GREEN
"BACKGROUND_YELLOW": "43", # YELLOW
"BACKGROUND_BLUE": "44", # BLUE
"BACKGROUND_PURPLE": "45", # PURPLE
"BACKGROUND_CYAN": "46", # CYAN
"BACKGROUND_WHITE": "47", # WHITE
# High Intensity
"INTENSE_BLACK": "0;90", # BLACK
"INTENSE_RED": "0;91", # RED
"INTENSE_GREEN": "0;92", # GREEN
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "0;93", # YELLOW
"INTENSE_BLUE": "0;94", # BLUE
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "0;95", # PURPLE
"INTENSE_CYAN": "0;96", # CYAN
"INTENSE_WHITE": "0;97", # WHITE
# Bold High Intensity
"BOLD_INTENSE_BLACK": "1;90", # BLACK
"BOLD_INTENSE_RED": "1;91", # RED
"BOLD_INTENSE_GREEN": "1;92", # GREEN
"BOLD_INTENSE_YELLOW": "1;93", # YELLOW
"BOLD_INTENSE_BLUE": "1;94", # BLUE
"BOLD_INTENSE_PURPLE": "1;95", # PURPLE
"BOLD_INTENSE_CYAN": "1;96", # CYAN
"BOLD_INTENSE_WHITE": "1;97", # WHITE
# Underline High Intensity
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_BLACK": "4;90", # BLACK
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_RED": "4;91", # RED
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_GREEN": "4;92", # GREEN
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_YELLOW": "4;93", # YELLOW
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_BLUE": "4;94", # BLUE
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_PURPLE": "4;95", # PURPLE
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_CYAN": "4;96", # CYAN
"UNDERLINE_INTENSE_WHITE": "4;97", # WHITE
# Bold Underline High Intensity
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_BLACK": "1;4;90", # BLACK
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_RED": "1;4;91", # RED
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_GREEN": "1;4;92", # GREEN
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_YELLOW": "1;4;93", # YELLOW
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_BLUE": "1;4;94", # BLUE
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_PURPLE": "1;4;95", # PURPLE
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_CYAN": "1;4;96", # CYAN
"BOLD_UNDERLINE_INTENSE_WHITE": "1;4;97", # WHITE
# High Intensity backgrounds
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_BLACK": "0;100", # BLACK
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_RED": "0;101", # RED
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_GREEN": "0;102", # GREEN
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_YELLOW": "0;103", # YELLOW
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_BLUE": "0;104", # BLUE
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_PURPLE": "0;105", # PURPLE
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_CYAN": "0;106", # CYAN
"BACKGROUND_INTENSE_WHITE": "0;107", # WHITE
}
return style
def _monokai_style():
style = {
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;63",
"CYAN": "38;5;81",
"GREEN": "38;5;40",
"PURPLE": "38;5;89",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;188",
"YELLOW": "38;5;184",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;20",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;44",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;148",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;141",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;197",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;186",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
####################################
# Auto-generated below this line #
####################################
def _algol_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;59",
"BLUE": "38;5;59",
"CYAN": "38;5;59",
"GREEN": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;09",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;102",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;59",
"RED": "38;5;09",
"WHITE": "38;5;102",
"YELLOW": "38;5;09",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _algol_nu_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;59",
"BLUE": "38;5;59",
"CYAN": "38;5;59",
"GREEN": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;09",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;102",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;59",
"RED": "38;5;09",
"WHITE": "38;5;102",
"YELLOW": "38;5;09",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _autumn_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;18",
"BLUE": "38;5;19",
"CYAN": "38;5;37",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;33",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;33",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;64",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;217",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;130",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;145",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;217",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;130",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _borland_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;30",
"GREEN": "38;5;28",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;21",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;194",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;09",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;224",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;188",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;124",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _colorful_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;20",
"CYAN": "38;5;31",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;61",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;145",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;217",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;166",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;217",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;130",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _emacs_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;28",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;26",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;26",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;145",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;129",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;167",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;145",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;145",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;130",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _friendly_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;22",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;31",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;74",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;74",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;71",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;134",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;167",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;145",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;166",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _fruity_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;32",
"CYAN": "38;5;32",
"GREEN": "38;5;28",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;33",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;33",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;198",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;202",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;187",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;198",
"RED": "38;5;09",
"WHITE": "38;5;187",
"YELLOW": "38;5;202",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _igor_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;34",
"BLUE": "38;5;21",
"CYAN": "38;5;30",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;30",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;21",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;30",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;163",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;166",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;163",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;166",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;163",
"RED": "38;5;166",
"WHITE": "38;5;163",
"YELLOW": "38;5;166",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _lovelace_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;59",
"BLUE": "38;5;25",
"CYAN": "38;5;29",
"GREEN": "38;5;65",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;25",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;29",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;133",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;131",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;136",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;133",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;102",
"YELLOW": "38;5;130",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _manni_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;30",
"GREEN": "38;5;40",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;105",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;45",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;113",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;165",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;202",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;224",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;221",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;165",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;166",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _murphy_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;31",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;63",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;86",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;86",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;213",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;209",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;222",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;166",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _native_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;52",
"BLUE": "38;5;67",
"CYAN": "38;5;31",
"GREEN": "38;5;64",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;68",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;87",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;70",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;160",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;214",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;59",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;124",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _paraiso_dark_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;95",
"BLUE": "38;5;97",
"CYAN": "38;5;39",
"GREEN": "38;5;72",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;95",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;97",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;79",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;72",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;203",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;220",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;97",
"RED": "38;5;203",
"WHITE": "38;5;79",
"YELLOW": "38;5;214",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _paraiso_light_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;16",
"CYAN": "38;5;39",
"GREEN": "38;5;72",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;16",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;97",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;79",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;72",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;97",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;203",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;79",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;220",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;97",
"RED": "38;5;16",
"WHITE": "38;5;102",
"YELLOW": "38;5;214",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _pastie_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;20",
"CYAN": "38;5;25",
"GREEN": "38;5;28",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;61",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;194",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;172",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;188",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;125",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;130",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _perldoc_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;18",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;31",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;134",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;145",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;28",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;134",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;167",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;188",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;166",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _rrt_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;09",
"BLUE": "38;5;117",
"CYAN": "38;5;117",
"GREEN": "38;5;46",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;117",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;117",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;122",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;46",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;213",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;09",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;222",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;213",
"RED": "38;5;09",
"WHITE": "38;5;117",
"YELLOW": "38;5;09",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _tango_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;20",
"CYAN": "38;5;61",
"GREEN": "38;5;34",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;24",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;62",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;64",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;09",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;15",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;178",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;15",
"YELLOW": "38;5;94",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _trac_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;30",
"GREEN": "38;5;100",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;59",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;60",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;194",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;102",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;137",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;224",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;188",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;90",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;145",
"YELLOW": "38;5;100",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _vim_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;18",
"BLUE": "38;5;18",
"CYAN": "38;5;44",
"GREEN": "38;5;40",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;60",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;68",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;44",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;40",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;164",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;09",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;188",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;184",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;164",
"RED": "38;5;160",
"WHITE": "38;5;188",
"YELLOW": "38;5;160",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _vs_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;28",
"BLUE": "38;5;21",
"CYAN": "38;5;31",
"GREEN": "38;5;28",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;31",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;31",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;31",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;31",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;31",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;09",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;31",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;31",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;124",
"RED": "38;5;124",
"WHITE": "38;5;31",
"YELLOW": "38;5;124",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
def _xcode_style():
style = {
"BLACK": "38;5;16",
"BLUE": "38;5;20",
"CYAN": "38;5;60",
"GREEN": "38;5;28",
"INTENSE_BLACK": "38;5;60",
"INTENSE_BLUE": "38;5;20",
"INTENSE_CYAN": "38;5;60",
"INTENSE_GREEN": "38;5;60",
"INTENSE_PURPLE": "38;5;126",
"INTENSE_RED": "38;5;160",
"INTENSE_WHITE": "38;5;60",
"INTENSE_YELLOW": "38;5;94",
"NO_COLOR": "0",
"PURPLE": "38;5;126",
"RED": "38;5;160",
"WHITE": "38;5;60",
"YELLOW": "38;5;94",
}
_ansi_expand_style(style)
return style
ANSI_STYLES = LazyDict(
{
"algol": _algol_style,
"algol_nu": _algol_nu_style,
"autumn": _autumn_style,
"borland": _borland_style,
"bw": _bw_style,
"colorful": _colorful_style,
"default": _default_style,
"emacs": _emacs_style,
"friendly": _friendly_style,
"fruity": _fruity_style,
"igor": _igor_style,
"lovelace": _lovelace_style,
"manni": _manni_style,
"monokai": _monokai_style,
"murphy": _murphy_style,
"native": _native_style,
"paraiso-dark": _paraiso_dark_style,
"paraiso-light": _paraiso_light_style,
"pastie": _pastie_style,
"perldoc": _perldoc_style,
"rrt": _rrt_style,
"tango": _tango_style,
"trac": _trac_style,
"vim": _vim_style,
"vs": _vs_style,
"xcode": _xcode_style,
},
globals(),
"ANSI_STYLES",
)
del (
_algol_style,
_algol_nu_style,
_autumn_style,
_borland_style,
_bw_style,
_colorful_style,
_default_style,
_emacs_style,
_friendly_style,
_fruity_style,
_igor_style,
_lovelace_style,
_manni_style,
_monokai_style,
_murphy_style,
_native_style,
_paraiso_dark_style,
_paraiso_light_style,
_pastie_style,
_perldoc_style,
_rrt_style,
_tango_style,
_trac_style,
_vim_style,
_vs_style,
_xcode_style,
)
#
# Dynamically generated styles
#
def make_ansi_style(palette):
"""Makes an ANSI color style from a color palette"""
style = {"NO_COLOR": "0"}
for name, t in BASE_XONSH_COLORS.items():
closest = find_closest_color(t, palette)
if len(closest) == 3:
closest = "".join([a * 2 for a in closest])
short = rgb2short(closest)[0]
style[name] = "38;5;" + short
style["BOLD_" + name] = "1;38;5;" + short
style["UNDERLINE_" + name] = "4;38;5;" + short
style["BOLD_UNDERLINE_" + name] = "1;4;38;5;" + short
style["BACKGROUND_" + name] = "48;5;" + short
return style
def ansi_style_by_name(name):
"""Gets or makes an ANSI color style by name. If the styles does not
exist, it will look for a style using the pygments name.
"""
if name in ANSI_STYLES:
return ANSI_STYLES[name]
elif not HAS_PYGMENTS:
raise KeyError("could not find style {0!r}".format(name))
from xonsh.pygments_cache import get_style_by_name
pstyle = get_style_by_name(name)
palette = make_palette(pstyle.styles.values())
astyle = make_ansi_style(palette)
ANSI_STYLES[name] = astyle
return astyle
``` |
Palfuria spirembolus is a spider species of the family Zodariidae.
Etymology
The epithet is a compound of Latin spira (spiral) and embolus, referring to the long large embolus.
Distribution
P. spirembolus is only known from Namibia near 18°E, and between 24°-28°S.
References
Szüts, T. & Jocqué, R. (2001). A revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Palfuria (Araneae, Zodariidae). Journal of Arachnology 29(2):205–219. PDF
Endemic fauna of Namibia
Zodariidae
Spiders of Africa
Spiders described in 2001 |
Zemmouri is a town and commune in the Bordj Menaïel District of Boumerdès Province, Algeria. As of 2008, the population of the municipality is 26,408.
Villages
The villages of the commune of Zemmouri are:
History
The coastal site of Zemmouri El-Bahri was a Phoenician and later Roman settlement named Rusubbicari. In the medieval period, it became a small port named Marsā al-Dajāj (literally "chicken port"). Archeological research there has uncovered medieval structures and pottery, as well as Roman coins.
By the 19th century the main village, slightly further inland, was known as Zemmouri (usually spelled Zamouri or Zemouri at the time). In 1872 the French government established a colonial settlement there using land confiscated from the Isser el-Ouidan tribe and from private individuals in the wake of the Mokrani Revolt; in 1886 it was renamed Courbet, after Admiral Amédée Courbet. Following Algeria's independence in 1962, the name Zemmouri was restored.
French conquest
Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1837)
First Battle of the Issers (1837)
Algerian Revolution
Salafist terrorism
2008 Zemmouri bombing (9 August 2008)
Geology
The disastrous 2003 Boumerdès earthquake led to the discovery of a thrust fault; it was subsequently named after the town. The fault has since been incorporated into seismic hazard maps, which will serve as an important guideline for public safety.
Nature
To the northwest of the town, the Sahel Forest and the coastal dunes on which it grows are dominated by Aleppo pine and other Mediterranean maquis flora, and constitute a tourist attraction.
Notable people
Abdelhafid Benchabla, boxer
Ali Rial, footballer
References
Communes of Boumerdès Province
Phoenician colonies in Algeria |
In Classical times Pieria was the southern area of the Amanus Mountains, a part of the province of Roman Syria. Cities included Seleucia Pieria and Pinara. Today it is part of Turkey.
Strabo XVI 2,4 and Nonnus (Dionysiaca 2:94-112) include descriptions of the Pieria and the Pierides. In Nonnos the Pierides from the grove at Daphne are threatened by the lumberjack of Kalypso. Nonnius gave a very different story about them as compared to Homer, Odyssey 5, 50.
The Pieria at the mouth of the river Orontes are the homelands of the daughters of Antioche, also called Antiope, as the Scholion on Euripides Phoinissai 5 and the Scholion on Sophokles Trachiniae 266 shows. In the same way are the arguments of Tzetzes, Chiliades 7, 19.
References |
Ramesh Chandra Mishra is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Badlapur constituency in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
Early life and education
Mishra was born 10 July 1980 in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh to his father Shri Durga Prasad Mishra. In 1999 he married Sanju Mishra, they have two sons. He earned High School degree in 1995 from UP Board Allahabad.
Political career
Ramesh Chandra Mishra contested Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election as Bhartiya Janata Party candidate and defeated his close contestant Lalji Yadav from Bahujan Samaj Party by a margin of 2,372 votes.
Posts held
See also
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
References
Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022
People from Jaunpur district
1980 births
Living people
Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh |
Annika Smethurst is an Australian journalist. She is the state political editor for The Age newspaper in Melbourne.
Early life and education
Smethurst graduated from Girton Grammar School in Bendigo, Victoria in 2005. She studied journalism and international studies at Monash University, beginning her degree in 2007 and completing her honours thesis in journalism in 2010. She spent a semester of her degree at Bishop's University in Quebec, Canada.
Career
After graduating in 2010, Smethurst began a traineeship with News Corp Australia.
In 2012, while a reporter at the Bendigo Weekly, Smethurst played an important role covering the Jill Meagher missing person case and homicide investigation. Smethurst lived close to Meagher's house at the time and said that covering the story was difficult for her.
In June 2012, Smethurst joined the Herald Sun reporting team. In 2013, Smethurst and her colleagues, James Campbell, Matt Johnston, Michelle Ainsworth and Mitchell Toy, were nominated for a Walkley Award for their investigation into the back-room dealings of the office of the then Victorian premier Ted Baillieu, which exposed secret conversations between the premier's chief of staff and Tristan Weston, an adviser to the deputy premier Peter Ryan.
Smethurst joined the Herald Suns Canberra team in 2015. In December 2015, she won the 2015 Walkley Award for All Media Scoop of the Year for her investigation of the "Choppergate" expenses scandal involving Bronwyn Bishop's inappropriate use of parliamentary travel entitlements. She also won two Melbourne Press Club Quill Awards for her work on Choppergate.
In 2017, Smethurst won her second Walkley Award, also in the Scoop of the Year category, for her story about taxpayer-funded trips to the Gold Coast made by Sussan Ley MP, to buy a flat. Ley was forced to resign as Health Minister as a result of the scandal.
In 2020, her book, On Secrets, was published by Hachette.
Espionage exclusive and AFP raid
On 4 June 2019, the Australian Federal Police raided Smethurst's home over a story she published in 2018. She had been reporting on "alleged plans to allow greater surveillance of Australian citizens", with agents searching her computer, phone, and home. At the time of the raid, she was the political editor of Sydney's The Sunday Telegraph. In her original report in April 2018, she "revealed top secret emails between Department of Home Affairs Secretary Mike Pezzullo and Department of Defence Secretary Greg Moriarty, discussing a plan to allow the cyber spy agency to snoop on Australian citizens". A "tepid" response to the raid, which included going through her cookbooks and underwear, from the prime minister resulted in criticism from the press and organisations such as the Australian Lawyers Alliance. News Corp called it a "dangerous act of intimidation". The AFP confirmed the raid was not only to uncover her source, but to potentially look into Smethurst and News Corp as targets for a criminal charge.
On 15 April 2020, the High Court of Australia ruled that the search warrant used in the raid was invalid.
On 27 May 2020 the AFP announced that Smethurst would not be charged over her stories that "...relied on classified intelligence documents".
References
1980s births
Australian women journalists
Girton Grammar School alumni
Living people
Monash University alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Walkley Award winners |
KIKD (106.7 FM, "Kick 106.7") is an FM radio station based in Carroll, Iowa. The station plays Country music. KIKD is part of Carroll Broadcasting, along with KKRL and KCIM.
History
KIKD-FM signed on the air on St. Patrick's Day, 1996, under the ownership of the Betty Baudler Horras of Ames Broadcasting Company, owner of KCCQ-FM, and KASI-AM as well as a company that produces vinyl signs. On February 4, 1999, a bid was made for KIKD-FM from Carroll Broadcasting Company, owners of KKRL-FM and KCIM-AM. Later, KIKD's studios were moved from the corner of Highway 30 and Clark Street in Carroll to 1119 East Plaza Drive in Carroll. At the time of the bid, KIKD-FM and KCIM-AM were both country music stations. Later KCIM was forced to change its format. Neal Trobak, the Program Director at the time of the buyout, said, "I assume we will go to an easy-listening format of some kind, compatible with the age of the people that listen to us". KIKD was originally an automated Hot Country station under the direction of Bob Foster. In 1999, the station began using local hosts during the daytime hours 6 a.m.-10a.m. In 2000, KIKD extended their local hosts to 6 a.m.-6 p.m., then once again in 2008 from 5 a.m.-7 p.m.
On-air staff and programming
KIKD's current morning announcer is Kristin Campisi. Other current announcers (as of July 2012) include Renie Osterlund, and Tiffini Young. The station airs shows dedicated to country music and is currently an affiliate of Westwood One.
References
Heman B (1999) Carroll Broadcasting Co. announces bid for KIKD Daily Times Herald 02/04/1999 pp 1.
Jones Radio Network, Jones Radio.com, accessed February 19, 2006
FCC Documentation, FCC.gov, accessed February 19, 2006
FCC Documentation, FCC.gov, accessed February 19, 2006
External links
Kick 106.7 Website
Carroll Broadcasting
Country radio stations in the United States
IKD |
Amanda Rochelle Penix (born September 15, 1978) is a model from Oklahoma who was crowned Miss Oklahoma Teen USA 1997 and Miss Oklahoma USA 2000. Penix was also a finalist in Miss Teen USA 1997 and received an honorable mention in Miss USA 2000.
Personal life
Hailing from Oklahoma, United States, Penix attended Bethel High School in Shawnee, Oklahoma until 1996. Four years later, Penix graduated from Oklahoma Baptist University with a degree in early childhood education. In 2000, Penix worked for Randy's Signs, her parents' company. Penix is heavily involved in charity work, and actively speaks to teens about abstaining from sex until marriage.
Awards
Earned an academic and art scholarship from Oklahoma Baptist University
Graduated from high school in three years, earning the title of Salutatorian
Riddle Scholarship
Who's Who Among American High School Students
References
External links
Miss Oklahoma USA and Miss Oklahoma Teen USA
1978 births
Living people
People from Shawnee, Oklahoma
1997 beauty pageant contestants
20th-century Miss Teen USA delegates
Miss USA 2000 delegates
American beauty pageant winners
20th-century American people |
The Blue Racer is a series of 17 theatrical cartoons produced from 1972 to 1974 created by Friz Freleng and David H. DePatie. The character's first cartoon, Snake in the Gracias, was released theatrically on January 24, 1971.
Production
The cartoons are directed by Art Davis, Gerry Chiniquy, Sid Marcus, Robert McKimson, David Deneen, Bob Balser, Cullen Houghtaling and produced by David H. DePatie and Friz Freleng. The majority of the cartoons were animated at the DePatie-Freleng studio, except for two done overseas: Aches and Snakes at Australia's Filmgraphics studio, and Little Boa Peep at Spain's Pegbar Productions.
Plot
A fast-moving blue snake named the Blue Racer (voiced by Larry D. Mann) tries unsuccessfully to catch a stereotypically-Japanese beetle (voiced by Tom Holland), who is a black belt in karate. Both characters spun off from Tijuana Toads in "Hop and Chop" (the Japanese beetle) and "Snake in the Gracias" (the Blue Racer). The goofy crane from Tijuana Toads (Crazylegs Crane, who also repeatedly failed to collar the Racer and the Toads himself) also later appeared in the series as well. 17 cartoons were produced.
Production
Bob Holt voiced both the Blue Racer and the Japanese Beetle in the 1972 short Support Your Local Serpent.
The Japanese Beetle's last appearance was in the 1972 short Blue Racer Blues.
Filmography
All cartoons were written by John W. Dunn.
Other appearances
The Blue Racer (or a snake looking just like him) appeared in the 1978 Pink Panther cartoon "Pinktails for Two" where he mistook the Panther's pink tail for a lady snake. In this film, the Blue Racer did not speak or move with super-speed.
Home video
All 17 shorts were available on DVD and Blu-ray on May 30, 2017 from Kino Lorber (through their deal with MGM Home Entertainment). Extras included were audio commentaries and two featurettes.
References
External links
Big Cartoon Database
The Blue Racer at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018.
Film series introduced in 1972
Animated film series
DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
Animated films about snakes
The Pink Panther Show |
The Emerald Mound and Village Site (Emerald Site) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located northwest of the junction of Emerald Mound Grange and Midgley Neiss Roads in St. Clair County, Illinois. The site includes five mounds, two of which have been destroyed by modern activity, and the remains of a village. Middle Mississippian peoples inhabited the village, which was a satellite village of Cahokia. The largest of the mounds is a two-tiered structure that stands high; its square base is across, while its upper tier is across. At the time of its discovery, the mound was the second-largest known in Illinois after Monks Mound at Cahokia.
The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 26, 1971.
References
External links
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in St. Clair County, Illinois
Middle Mississippian culture
Mounds in Illinois |
Tonya Pinkins is an American actress and filmmaker. Her award-winning debut feature film RED PILL was an official selection at the 2021 Pan African Film Festival, won the Best Black Lives Matter Feature and Best First Feature at The Mykonos International Film Festival, Best First Feature at the Luléa Film Festival, and is nominated for awards in numerous festivals around the globe. Her web-series The RED PILLING of AMERICA can be heard on her podcast "You Can't Say That!" at BPN.fm/ycst
She is known for her portrayal of Livia Frye on the soap opera All My Children and for her roles on Broadway. She has been nominated for three Tony Awards (winning one), and has won Obie, Lortel, Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, AUDLECO, Garland, L.A. Drama Critics Circle, Clarence Derwent, and NAACP Theater Awards. She has been nominated for the Olivier, Helen Hayes, Noel, Joseph Jefferson, NAACP Image, Soap Opera Digest, and Ovation Awards. She won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Jelly's Last Jam.
Early life and education
Pinkins was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her father was a police officer and insurance salesman, and her mother is a former postal worker. She has two brothers, Eric and Thomas Swoope, and a sister Tamera Swoope.
Pinkins was interested in the arts from a young age. At Whitney Young Magnet High School, she participated in the theater program and also studied acting at the Goodman Theatre Young People's Program. She attended Carnegie Mellon University's BFA Musical Theatre program, but was cast in Merrily We Roll Along and decided to pursue her career, instead.
Pinkins later returned to college, earning an undergraduate degree in creative writing from Columbia College Chicago in 1996, followed by a year at California Western School of Law in San Diego.
Career
Pinkins won a Tony Award for her performance as Sweet Anita in Jelly's Last Jam. She was nominated for her roles in Play On! and in Caroline, or Change, where she played the title role. Her additional Broadway credits include Merrily We Roll Along, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, The Wild Party, House of Flowers, Radio Golf, A Time To Kill, and Holler If Ya Hear Me.
Pinkins has performed in several off-Broadway productions, including the comic role of Mopsa, the Shepherdess, in The Winter's Tale produced by the Riverside Shakespeare Company at The Shakespeare Center in 1983.
In 2011, Pinkins starred in the world premiere of Kirsten Greenidge's Milk Like Sugar at La Jolla Playhouse, and received a 2012 Craig Noel nomination for Best featured Actress in a Play. She reprised her role in the Playwrights Horizons in the Peter Jay Sharp Theater, and garnered a 2012 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play.
In 2012, Pinkins starred in Katori Hall's play Hurt Village, the gritty drama about life and change in a Memphis housing project made its world-premiere at Off-Broadway's Signature Theatre Company as part of the theatre's inaugural season.
In 2014, she appeared in New Federal Theatre's revival of Ed Bullins' The Fabulous Miss Marie opposite Roscoe Orman; in the Broadway production of Holler If Ya Hear Me; and the world premiere of Branden Jacobs-Jenkins' War at Yale Repertory. She also made guest appearances on such television shows as Army Wives, 24, Law & Order, The Cosby Show, Cold Case, Criminal Minds, and The Guardian among others.
During the mid-1980s Pinkins created the character of "Heather Dalton" on the CBS soap As the World Turns. In 1991, she was cast as Livia Frye in All My Children. Pinkins left All My Children in 1995 but returned to her role in 2003. She was later put on contract with the show from March 2004 until June 2006, when she was downgraded to recurring status.
She played Amala Motobo on 24. Pinkins played Ethel Peabody on the television show Gotham. In 2016, she played Mimi Corcoran on the Hulu science fiction limited series 11.22.63, based on the Stephen King book of the same name, and starring James Franco and Sarah Gadon. On March 16, 2017, she portrayed Sandra in the ABC television series Scandal.
Pinkins has appeared in several films in supporting roles, including Newlyweeds, Home, Fading Gigolo opposite Woody Allen, Enchanted, Premium, Romance & Cigarettes, Noah's Arc: Jumping The Broom and Above the Rim among others.
Pinkins has performed in several cabaret shows including Bring On The Men with Brad Simmons, Tonya Pinkins UnPlugged at The National Black Theater Festival and Hurricane Ethel.
Pinkins wrote, directed, and starred as Cassandra in Red Pill, to be released in 2020.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Official website
American soap opera actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Living people
African-American actresses
Tony Award winners
Actresses from Chicago
Whitney M. Young Magnet High School alumni
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American film actresses
Columbia College Chicago alumni
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The 2003 NASCAR Busch Series began February 15 and ended November 15. Brian Vickers of Hendrick Motorsports won the championship.
2003 teams and drivers
Full schedule
Limited schedule
Notes
Schedule
Races
Koolerz 300
The Koolerz 300 was held on February 15 at Daytona International Speedway. Joe Nemechek won the pole but was suffering from the flu, so Jeff Green started the car from the rear of the field.
Top ten results
8–Dale Earnhardt Jr.
17–Matt Kenseth
21–Kevin Harvick
4–Mike Wallace
1–Jamie McMurray
92–Todd Bodine
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
38–Kasey Kahne
43–Johnny Sauter
27–Chase Montgomery
Failed to qualify: Mark Day (#81), Jay Sauter (#75), C. W. Smith (#67), Joe Buford (#84), Brad Teague (#52), Larry Hollenbeck (#82), Ron Barfield (#91)
Rockingham 200
The Rockingham 200 was scheduled for February 22, but rain pushed it back to February 24 at North Carolina Speedway. David Green won the pole.
Top ten results
1–Jamie McMurray
37–David Green
92–Todd Bodine
7–Randy LaJoie
57–Jason Keller
20–Mike Bliss
26–Kevin Grubb
5–Brian Vickers
43–Johnny Sauter
21–Kevin Harvick
Failed to qualify: Justin Ashburn (#61), Michael Dokken (#72), Jeff Fultz (#86)
Sam's Town 300
The Sam's Town 300 was held on March 1 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Stanton Barrett won the pole.
Top ten results
87–Joe Nemechek
21–Kevin Harvick
20–Mike Bliss
8–Steve Park
57–Jason Keller
37–David Green
99–Michael Waltrip
60–Stanton Barrett
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
23–Scott Wimmer
Failed to qualify: Steadman Marlin (#30), Wayne Jacks (#52), Morgan Shepherd (#0), Mike McLaughlin (#01), Troy Cline (#00), Scott Lynch (#08)
darlingtonraceway.com 200
The darlingtonraceway.com 200 was scheduled for March 15 but instead held on March 17 at Darlington Raceway due to rain. Stanton Barrett won the pole as the field was set by 2002 Busch Series owner points due to said rain.
Top ten results
92–Todd Bodine
1–Jamie McMurray
10–Scott Riggs
59–Stacy Compton
21–Johnny Sauter
27–Hank Parker Jr.
5–Brian Vickers
38–Kasey Kahne
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
57–Jason Keller
Failed to qualify: none
Final Busch Series win for Todd Bodine
The end of the race was wild as Jamie McMurray slipped past Todd Bodine for the top spot on the last turn of the last lap, the two banged fenders and McMurray was spun as Bodine took the checkers. The day before, the closest finish in NASCAR Winston Cup Series history happened.
Channellock 250
The Channellock 250 was held on March 22 at Bristol Motor Speedway. David Green won the pole.
Top ten results
21–Kevin Harvick
33–Tony Raines
57–Jason Keller
37–David Green
20–Mike Bliss
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
48–Shane Hmiel
7–Randy LaJoie
92–Todd Bodine
43–Johnny Sauter
Failed to qualify: none
O'Reilly 300
The O'Reilly 300 was held on March 29 at Texas Motor Speedway. Jason Keller won the pole.
Top ten results
87–Joe Nemechek
10–Scott Riggs
48–Shane Hmiel
19–Chad Blount
82–Jimmy Spencer
17–Matt Kenseth
23–Scott Wimmer
38–Kasey Kahne
10–Coy Gibbs
Failed to qualify: Troy Cline (#00), Robby Benton (#85)
Chad Blount received a 25–point penalty for illegal modifications to his car's rear hubs found after the race.
Aaron's 312 (Talladega)
The Aaron's 312 was held on April 5 at Talladega Superspeedway. Joe Nemechek won the pole.
Top ten results
8–Dale Earnhardt Jr.
87–Joe Nemechek
48–Shane Hmiel
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
20–Mike Bliss
1–Jamie McMurray
99–Michael Waltrip
4–Mike Wallace
18–Coy Gibbs
22–Tina Gordon
Failed to qualify: Bobby Gerhart (#55), Kevin Ray (#95), Gus Wasson (#84)
This race was Lyndon Amick's last career start.
Pepsi 300
The Pepsi 300 was held on April 12 at Nashville Superspeedway. Randy LaJoie won the pole.
Top ten results
37–David Green
21–Johnny Sauter
46–Ashton Lewis
20–Mike Bliss
87–David Reutimann
60–Stanton Barrett
1–David Stremme
19–Chad Blount
5–Brian Vickers
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
Failed to qualify: John Hayden (#85), Jeff Streeter (#83), Gus Wasson (#96), Joe Buford (#8), Dion Ciccarelli (#04), Norm Benning (#84) Note: Mike McLaughlin qualified the No. 92 for Todd Bodine.
1–800–Pitshop.com 300
The 1–800–Pitshop.com 300 was held on April 26 at California Speedway. Kevin Harvick won the pole.
Top ten results
17–Matt Kenseth
99–Michael Waltrip
21–Kevin Harvick
38–Kasey Kahne
92–Todd Bodine
1–Jamie McMurray
57–Jason Keller
48–Shane Hmiel
37–David Green
Failed to qualify: Jason Hedlesky (#91), Brad Teague (#52), Greg Pursley (#84)
Hardee's 250
The Hardee's 250 was held on May 2 at Richmond International Raceway. Michael Waltrip won the pole.
Top ten results
21–Kevin Harvick
10–Scott Riggs
33–Tony Raines
99–Michael Waltrip
23–Scott Wimmer
43–Johnny Sauter
59–Stacy Compton
48–Shane Hmiel
37–David Green
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
Failed to qualify: Brad Baker (#28), Kenny Hendrick (#91), Justin Ashburn (#61), Dion Ciccarelli (#84), Randy MacDonald (#72), Jason Rudd (#01)
Charter Pipeline 250
The Charter Pipeline 250 was held on May 10 at Gateway International Raceway. Ashton Lewis won the pole.
Top ten results
10–Scott Riggs
37–David Green
57–Jason Keller
5–Brian Vickers
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
59–Stacy Compton
21–Johnny Sauter
23–Scott Wimmer
60–Stanton Barrett
99–Kenny Wallace
Failed to qualify: Joe Buford (#94) - Withdrew
Goulds Pumps/ITT Industries 200
The Goulds Pumps/ITT Industries 200 was held on May 18 at Nazareth Speedway. Randy LaJoie won the pole.
Top ten results
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
5–Brian Vickers
20–Mike Bliss
37–David Green
92–Todd Bodine
1–David Stremme
7–Randy LaJoie
59–Stacy Compton
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
21–Johnny Sauter
Failed to qualify: Brian Conz (#70) Note: Mike McLaughlin qualified the No. 92 for Todd Bodine and Tim Fedewa qualified the No. 4 for Mike Wallace.
Carquest Auto Parts 300
The Carquest Auto Parts 300 was held on May 24 at Lowe's Motor Speedway. Kevin Harvick won the pole.
Top ten results
17–Matt Kenseth
87–Kyle Busch
10–Scott Riggs
92–Todd Bodine
20–Mike Bliss
38–Kasey Kahne
8–Hank Parker Jr.
46–Ashton Lewis
21–Kevin Harvick
99–Michael Waltrip
Failed to qualify: Morgan Shepherd (#0), Lance Norick (#90), Casey Atwood (#82), Brad Baker(#39), Kenny Hendrick (#91), Jason Schuler (#73) Note: Joe Nemechek qualified the No. 88 for Jeff Fuller.
Kyle Busch made his first Busch series start, and surprised many by finishing 2nd to race winner Matt Kenseth.
MBNA Armed Forces Family 200
The MBNA Armed Forces Family 200 was held on May 31 at Dover International Speedway. Joe Nemechek won the pole.
Top ten results
87–Joe Nemechek
10–Scott Riggs
37–David Green
17–Matt Kenseth
5–Brian Vickers
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
92–Todd Bodine
38–Kasey Kahne
20–Mike Bliss
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
Failed to qualify: Gus Wasson (#96), Brian Weber (#84)
Trace Adkins Chrome 300
The Trace Adkins Chrome 300 was held on June 7 at Nashville Superspeedway. Johnny Sauter won the pole.
Top ten results
10–Scott Riggs
37–David Green
1–David Stremme
7–Randy LaJoie
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
46–Ashton Lewis
60–Stanton Barrett
23–Scott Wimmer
75–Jay Sauter
5–Brian Vickers
Failed to qualify: Brian Weber (#84) Note: Dan Pardus qualified the No. 39 for Jamie Mosley and David Reutimann qualified the No. 87 for Jeff Fuller.
This was Scott Riggs’ final Busch Series win.
Meijer 300 presented by Oreo Happy
The Meijer 300 presented by Oreo Happy was held on June 14 at Kentucky Speedway. Stacy Compton won the pole.
Top ten results
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
57–Jason Keller
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
59–Stacy Compton
5–Brian Vickers
46–Ashton Lewis
27–David Green
14–Casey Atwood
1–David Stremme
Failed to qualify: Jason Rudd (#01), Rick Markle (#68), Jamie Mosley (#39), Justin Ashburn (#61), Mike Potter (#52), John Hayden (#85), Stan Boyd (#72)
GNC Live Well 250
The GNC Live Well 250 was held on June 29 at The Milwaukee Mile. Johnny Sauter won the pole.
Top ten results
57–Jason Keller
5–Brian Vickers
1–David Stremme
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
87–David Reutimann
37–David Green
10–Scott Riggs
92–Todd Bodine
59–Stacy Compton
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
This was Jason Keller's last career NASCAR victory.
Failed to qualify: Brad Teague (#52) - Withdrew, Brad Mueller (#67) - Withdrew, Morgan Shepherd (#70) - Withdrew, Kenny Hendrick (#97) - Withdrew
Winn-Dixie 250
The Winn-Dixie 250 was held on July 4 at Daytona International Speedway. Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the pole.
Top ten results
8–Dale Earnhardt Jr.
99–Michael Waltrip
1–Jamie McMurray
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
21–Johnny Sauter
10–Scott Riggs
5–Brian Vickers
92–Todd Bodine
34–Mike McLaughlin
48–Shane Hmiel
Failed to qualify: Jason Schuler (#73), Dan Pardus (#39), Jason Hedlesky (#91), Jimmy Kitchens (#70), Joe Aramendia (#79)
In addition to winning the pole, Earnhardt Jr would lead all 100 laps to win his third superspeedway race of the season.
Earnhardt Jr’s win marked a season sweep for DEI in the Busch Series restrictor plate races as well as DEI’s 5th straight restrictor plate win across NASCAR as a whole.
Tropicana Twister 300
The Tropicana Twister 300 was held on July 12 at Chicagoland Speedway. Casey Mears won the pole.
Top ten results
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
17–Matt Kenseth
5–Brian Vickers
19–Casey Mears
99–Michael Waltrip
57–Jason Keller
10–Scott Riggs
33–Tony Raines
1–Jamie McMurray
20–Mike Bliss
Failed to qualify: none Note: Joe Nemechek qualified the No. 7 for Todd Bodine and Greg Biffle qualified the No. 88 for Joe Nemechek.
New England 200
The New England 200 was held on July 19 at New Hampshire International Speedway. Kevin Harvick won the pole.
Top ten results
37–David Green
21–Kevin Harvick
17–Matt Kenseth
5–Brian Vickers
23–Scott Wimmer
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
57–Jason Keller
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
38–Kasey Kahne
59–Stacy Compton
Failed to qualify: none
TrimSpa Dream Body 250
The TrimSpa Dream Body 250 was held on July 26 at Pikes Peak International Raceway. Bobby Hamilton Jr. won the pole.
Top ten results
23–Scott Wimmer
57–Jason Keller
10–Scott Riggs
21–Johnny Sauter
27–Joey Clanton
59–Stacy Compton
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
26–Kevin Grubb
46–Ashton Lewis
38–Kasey Kahne
Failed to qualify: Drew White (#28)
Kroger 200
The Kroger 200 was held on August 2 at Indianapolis Raceway Park. Shane Hmiel won the pole.
Top ten results
5–Brian Vickers
57–Jason Keller
59–Stacy Compton
48–Shane Hmiel
10–Scott Riggs
37–David Green
7–Mike Skinner
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
55–Paul Menard
20–Mike Bliss
Failed to qualify: Norm Benning (#84), Brett Oakley (#07), Bill Hoff (#93)
Cabela's 250
The Cabela's 250 was held on August 16 at Michigan International Speedway. Kasey Kahne won the pole. The race was shortened to 110 laps due to rain.
Top ten results
21–Kevin Harvick
38–Kasey Kahne
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
37–David Green
10–Scott Riggs
87–David Reutimann
19–Casey Mears
99–Michael Waltrip
48–Shane Hmiel
31–Dave Blaney
Failed to qualify: Mike Potter (#52), Justin Ashburn (#61), Rick Markle (#68), Larry Hollenbeck (#62) Note: Stan Boyd qualified the No. 22 but he was replaced in the race by Justin Ashburn who DNQed his No. 61.
Food City 250
The Food City 250 was held on August 22 at Bristol Motor Speedway. Jason Keller won the pole.
Top ten results
99–Michael Waltrip
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
6–Ted Musgrave
48–Shane Hmiel
21–Kevin Harvick
81–Martin Truex Jr.
5–Brian Vickers
33–Tony Raines
10–Scott Riggs
46–Ashton Lewis
Failed to qualify: Caleb Holman (#78), Justin Ashburn (#60), John Hayden (#85), Jason White (#70), Dion Ciccarelli (#84), Butch Jarvis (#53), Brett Oakley (#07), Norm Benning (#8), Daniel Johnson (#94) Note: Stanton Barrett qualified the No. 91 for Jimmy Kitchens.
Winn-Dixie 200 presented by PepsiCo
The Winn-Dixie 200 presented by PepsiCo was held on August 30 at Darlington Raceway. Kevin Harvick won the pole.
Top ten results
5–Brian Vickers
87–Kyle Busch
99–Michael Waltrip
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
21–Kevin Harvick
38–Kasey Kahne
57–Jason Keller
59–Stacy Compton
19–Casey Mears
14–Casey Atwood
Failed to qualify: Kenny Hendrick (#94), Jimmy Kitchens (#97), Dan Pardus (#91), Caleb Holman (#78)
Funai 250
The Funai 250 was held on September 5 at Richmond International Raceway. Kevin Harvick won the pole.
Top ten results
43–Johnny Sauter
21–Kevin Harvick
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
5–Brian Vickers
37–David Green
17–Matt Kenseth
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
33–Tony Raines
31–Dave Blaney
48–Shane Hmiel
Failed to qualify: Dion Ciccarelli (#84), Jimmy Kitchens (#97), Paul Menard (#55), Kenny Hendrick (#94), Franklin Butler III (#13), Morgan Shepherd (#89), Hermie Sadler (#02), Jimmy Henderson (#63)
Stacker 200 presented by YJ Stinger
The Stacker 200 presented by YJ Stinger was held on September 20 at Dover International Speedway. Kevin Harvick won the pole.
Top ten results
5–Brian Vickers
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
10–Scott Riggs
38–Kasey Kahne
20–Mike Bliss
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
46–Ashton Lewis
57–Jason Keller
21–Kevin Harvick
4–Mike Wallace
Failed to qualify: Kenny Hendrick (#94), Jeff Streeter (#83), Martin Truex Jr. (#81), Jason Rudd (#01), Morgan Shepherd (#89), Jimmy Henderson (#63), Jimmy Kitchens (#41)
Mr. Goodcents 300
The Mr. Goodcents 300 was held on October 4 at Kansas Speedway. Michael Waltrip won the pole.
Top ten results
37–David Green
21–Kevin Harvick
7–Greg Biffle
57–Jason Keller
8–Hank Parker Jr.
46–Ashton Lewis
23–Scott Wimmer
59–Stacy Compton
87–Joe Nemechek
1–Jamie McMurray
Failed to qualify: Morgan Shepherd (#9), Ron Young (#71), Jeff Streeter (#83), John Hayden (#85), Jamie Mosley (#39), Stanton Barrett (#91), Justin Ashburn (#61)
This race was the last win for Pontiac in the Busch Series, and in any of the top two divisions of NASCAR altogether.
Little Trees 300
The Little Trees 300 was held on October 11 after rain postponed it from October 10 at Lowe's Motor Speedway. Kevin Harvick won the pole.
Top ten results
7–Greg Biffle
99–Michael Waltrip
20–Mike Bliss
5–Brian Vickers
1–Jamie McMurray
37–David Green
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
38–Kasey Kahne
21–Kevin Harvick
57–Jason Keller
Failed to qualify: Shane Hall (#15), Jeff Streeter (#22), Wayne Anderson (#35), Justin Ashburn (#61), Mike Harmon (#44), Jamie Mosley (#39), Gus Wassson (#70)< Brad Teague (#52) Note: Matt Kenseth qualified the No. 17 for Jeff Burton.
Sam's Town 250
The Sam's Town 250 was held on October 18 at Memphis Motorsports Park. David Reutimann won the pole filling for Greg Biffle.
Top ten results
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
57–Jason Keller
21–Johnny Sauter
2–Ron Hornaday Jr.
5–Brian Vickers
23–Scott Wimmer
14–Casey Atwood
20–Mike Bliss
1–David Stremme
46–Ashton Lewis
Failed to qualify: John Hayden (#85), Justin Ashburn (#61), Brent Moore (#96), Jason Hedlesky (#72), Butch Jarvis (#53), Dana White (#39), Dude Teate (#70). Note: David Reutimann qualified the No. 7 for Greg Biffle and won the pole.
Aaron's 312 (Atlanta)
The Aaron's 312 was held on October 25 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Greg Biffle won the pole.
Top ten results
7–Greg Biffle
17–Matt Kenseth
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
99–Michael Waltrip
8–Hank Parker Jr.
10–Scott Riggs
38–Kasey Kahne
37–David Green
21–Kevin Harvick
31–Dave Blaney
Failed to qualify: John Hayden (#85), Jimmy Henderson (#63), Wayne Anderson (#35), Justin Ashburn (#61), Dwayne Leik (#81), Jeff Fuller (#91), Jeremy Clements (#51)
Bashas' Supermarkets 200
The Bashas' Supermarkets 200 was held on November 1 at Phoenix International Raceway. Kevin Harvick won the pole. The race was shortened to 181 laps due to rain.
Top ten results
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
21–Kevin Harvick
5–Brian Vickers
87–Joe Nemechek
10–Scott Riggs
23–Scott Wimmer
14–Casey Atwood
43–Johnny Sauter
7–Greg Biffle
Failed to qualify: Stan Boyd (#51), Blake Mallory (#39), Josh Richeson (#67), Jeff Fuller (#97), Randy MacDonald (#72), John Hayden (#85), Freddy Tame (#73), Jeff Streeter (#83), Clint Vahsholtz (#90)
This would be Hamilton’s 5th and final Busch Series win as well as his fourth of the season.
Hamilton's victory, along with point leader David Green's 17th place finish, tightened up the championship fight. With 2 races to go, 6 drivers were still in contention for the Busch Series crown, while 7th place Scott Wimmer was 502 out of the lead, and therefore mathematically ineligible.
Target House 200
The Target House 200 was held on November 8 at North Carolina Speedway. Brian Vickers won the pole.
Top ten results
1–Jamie McMurray
8–Martin Truex Jr.
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
79–Jeremy Mayfield
30–David Stremme
5–Brian Vickers
87–Kyle Busch
23–Scott Wimmer
43-Johnny Sauter
37–David Green
Failed to qualify: Josh Richeson (#67), Morgan Shepherd (#89), Rich Bickle (#94), Brad Teague (#52), Jason Schuler (#73), Justin Ashburn (#61), Caleb Holman (#78), Dion Ciccarelli (#84), Norm Benning (#81), Jerry Reary (#22), Justin Hobgood (#80)
The championship battle took on a new complexion going into Miami. After polesitter Brian Vickers led the opening 6 laps, none of the title contenders were a serious threat for the win, though all but Keller and Hornaday ran in the Top 10 in the first half of the race. Point leader Scott Riggs dropped from the Top 10 due to a loose condition, exacerbated by a long green flag run. Though he gained several spots in the pit cycle by coming in early, he slid into the wall on Lap 166 and ended his day in the garage in 38th. Hamilton rebounded with another Top 5, with Vickers and Green in the Top 10, Keller on the lead lap in 13th, and Hornaday, who never cracked the Top 10 all day, a lap down in 17th. All this left 20 year old Brian Vickers with a 22 point lead over 1994 champion David Green, with Riggs dropping from the lead to 5th, and 6th place Hamilton still in reasonable contention at 89 points out of the lead. Disregarding what any of his title challengers might do, Vickers would secure the championship if he could finish 3rd or better at Homestead.
Ford 300
The Ford 300 was held on November 15 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Greg Biffle won the pole.
Top ten results
38–Kasey Kahne
8–Martin Truex Jr.
25–Bobby Hamilton Jr.
00–Jason Leffler
46–Ashton Lewis
21–Kevin Harvick
20–Mike Bliss
19–Casey Mears
37–David Green
99–Michael Waltrip
This was Kahne's first Busch series victory.
Failed to qualify: Morgan Shepherd (#9), Jason Schuler (#73), Clint Vahsholtz (#39), Justin Ashburn (#61), Mike Harmon (#44), Stan Boyd (#51), Joe Aramendia (#79), Brad Baker (#28)
Scott Riggs' championship hopes ended on the first lap, when he crashed in Turn 3 with teammate Jon Wood and the FitzBradshaw Racing duo of Casey Atwood and Tim Fedewa. Riggs' crew would repair the car, but he would only complete 28 laps before ending his day in 41st. Despite the disappointing end to 2003, he would look ahead to 2004 and the start of his Nextel Cup Series career with MBV Motorsports.
Two-time series runner-up Jason Keller was never a factor, and he finished a lap down in 24th. Ron Hornaday Jr finished 15th, leader Brian Vickers 11th, David Green 9th, and Bobby Hamilton Jr 3rd after leading 41 laps.
With Green only gaining 8 points on leader Vickers, the 20 year old from Thomasville, North Carolina won the Busch Series championship by 14 points. He was also the youngest series champion in history, breaking the record set by the late Rob Moroso, who was 21 when he overcame Tommy Houston for the 1989 NASCAR Busch Series title. Vickers, like Riggs, would be a candidate for 2004 Nextel Cup rookie of the year, graduating with Hendrick Motorsports. 18 year old Kyle Busch would take his place in the #5 Busch car for 2004.
Full Drivers' Championship
(key) Bold – Pole position awarded by time. Italics – Pole position set by owner's points. * – Most laps led. ** - All laps led.
Rookie of the Year
Despite not completing a full schedule and running for two different teams, David Stremme was named the 2003 Busch Series Rookie of the Year, posting three top-five finishes. Runner-up Coy Gibbs ran the full schedule and finished 14th in points, but did not accumulate enough rookie points to overtake Stremme. He would retire from racing at the end of the year. Third-place finisher Joey Clanton shared the #27 Brewco Motorsports ride with fellow rookie Chase Montgomery, while Chad Blount finished fourth running part-time with Braun and Carroll Racing. Regan Smith, Damon Lusk, and Chris Bingham were released from their rides during the season.
See also
2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
2003 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
References
External links
Busch Series Standings and Statistics for 2003
NASCAR Xfinity Series seasons |
The Cleveland Open is an annual chess tournament held in Cleveland, Ohio. The tournament was not held from 2004 until 2008, when it was resurrected.
List of Winners
References
Recurring sporting events established in 1992
1992 establishments in Ohio
Sports competitions in Cleveland |
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<a name="div"></a>
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<h3 class="section">2.12 <code>div</code>—divide two integers</h3>
<p><a name="index-div-19"></a><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> #include <stdlib.h>
div_t div(int <var>n</var>, int <var>d</var>);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Divide
<var>n</var>/<var>d</var>,
returning quotient and remainder as two integers in a structure <code>div_t</code>.
<pre class="sp">
</pre>
<strong>Returns</strong><br>
The result is represented with the structure
<pre class="smallexample"> typedef struct
{
int quot;
int rem;
} div_t;
</pre>
<p>where the <code>quot</code> field represents the quotient, and <code>rem</code> the
remainder. For nonzero <var>d</var>, if `<var>r</var><code> = div(</code><var>n</var><code>,</code><var>d</var><code>);</code>' then
<var>n</var> equals `<var>r</var><code>.rem + </code><var>d</var><code>*</code><var>r</var><code>.quot</code>'.
<p>To divide <code>long</code> rather than <code>int</code> values, use the similar
function <code>ldiv</code>.
<pre class="sp">
</pre>
<strong>Portability</strong><br>
<code>div</code> is ANSI.
<p>No supporting OS subroutines are required.
<pre class="sp">
</pre>
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``` |
Douglas Blackburn (6 August 1857, Southwark – 28 March 1929, Tonbridge) was an English journalist and novelist, who worked in the Transvaal and Natal between 1892 and 1908. He has been called "the great chronicler of the last days of the Boer republic."
Telepathy experiments
During 1882-1883, Blackburn with George Albert Smith took part in a series of experiments that were claimed to be genuine evidence for telepathy by members of the Society for Psychical Research. Blackburn later made a public confession of fraud, stating that the results had been obtained by use of a code.
Blackburn's Confessions of a Telepathist: Thirty-Year Hoax Exposed appeared in The Daily News and the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 1911. It was re-printed in A Skeptics Handbook of Parapsychology, 1985.
Works
Novels
Prinsloo of Prinsloosdorp: A Tale of Transvaal Officialdom, 1899
A Burgher Quixote, 1903
Richard Hartley, Prospector, 1904
I Came and Saw, 1908
Leaven: a black and white story, 1908; London : Forgotten Books, 2018,
Love Muti, Everett's, 1915
Non-fiction
Thought-Reading, or, Modern Mysteries Explained: Being Chapters on Thought-Reading, Occultism, Mesmerism, &c., Forming a Key to the Psychological Puzzles of the Day, 1884
(with W. C. Caddell) The Detection of Forgery: A Practical Handbook For the Use of Bankers, Solicitors, Magistrates' Clerks, and All Handling Suspected Documents, 1909
Confessions of a Telepathist, 1911
(with W. C. Caddell) Secret Service in South Africa, 1911
The Martyr Nurse: The Death and Achievement of Edith Cavell, 1915
References
Further reading
External links
1857 births
1929 deaths
20th-century English novelists
English fraudsters
English male journalists
English male novelists
British parapsychologists
South African journalists
South African male novelists
Telepaths
20th-century English male writers |
The Audi Fashion Festival Singapore (or Singapore Fashion Week) is a series of annual fashion trade events held in Singapore since 1988.
It was known as Fashion Connection between 1988 and 2000, Singapore Fashion Week between 2001 and 2008, and Audi Fashion Festival Singapore after gaining titular sponsorship from Audi in 2009. The event was again rebranded as Singapore Fashion Week in 2015 despite still being known as the 'Audi Fashion Festival Singapore'.
The event is not to be confused with the Singapore Fashion Festival, which also ran between 2001 and 2008, but was supported by the Singapore Tourism Board (STB). The Singapore Fashion Festival eventually became the Asia Fashion Exchange (AFX) in 2010, and hosts the Audi Fashion Festival Singapore as part of its flagship event.
The last event is expected to be in 2017 as current event chairman Tjin Lee is setting her sights on expanding regionally.
2009 - 2014
Audi Fashion Festival (AFF) was a fashion festival that took place in May every year from 2009 to 2014. Incepted in 2009, it replaced the Singapore Fashion Week, and welcomed consumers to conventionally by-invite only shows for media and trade. It was held at Tent@Orchard in the heart of the Orchard Road fashion belt from 2009 to 2012, and 2014. In 2013, AFF moved to Marina Promenade.
Organized by Mercury Marketing & Communications, AFF was the first privately funded consumer fashion event, with Audi as the titular sponsor. It was a high-profile platform for both international and Asian emerging and established designers. During its run, the festival showcased collections by a host of top international designers and labels such as Prabal Gurung, Oscar de la Renta, Christian Lacroix, Vivienne Westwood, Gareth Pugh, Marc by Marc Jacobs, Missoni, Ungaro, Erdem, DSquared, Roberto Cavalli, Mugler, Zac Posen, Roland Mouret, Carolina Herrera, Tsumori Chisato, Peter Pilotto and Hussein Chalayan. On top of international designers, Singaporean designers showcased at AFF. The number of local labels doubled from 2013 to 2014, with four local labels – Hansel, Ong Shunmugam, Exhibit, and Saturday – showcasing at Audi Fashion Festival 2014.
2009 Audi Fashion Festival
The 2009 fashion festival took place at the TENT@ORCHARD from 6 May to 10 May 2009. Singapore's fashion elite gathered for the nation's biggest scale fashion event at the newly minted Audi Fashion Festival – marking the first ever privately owned fashion festival. Organized by Mercury Marketing and Communications, the festival welcomed fashion's biggest and hottest names including Christian Lacroix, Gareth Pugh, Vivienne Westwood, Jacquetta Wheeler, Ashley Isham, RAOUL, Marc by Marc Jacobs, Mango, and Singapore's creative crop from BlackMarket, Nicholas by Nic Wong and Hansel by Jo Soh.
‘Driving Innovation and Inspiration' was the theme for the inaugural Audi Fashion Festival 2009 and the festival certainly lived up to that note with a spectacular string of shows that inspired, dazzled and rocked the region. There were many firsts; first haute couture collection to be showcased on such a grand scale on Orchard Road, Gareth Pugh first catwalk presentation of his Fall 2009 women's and men's collection, and Ashley Isham's debut of ethereal yet elegant bridal gowns.
The five show-filled days of Audi Fashion Festival drew a strong 7000 guests, with a sell-out six ticketed shows. Audi Fashion Festival 2009 wrapped up as the most glamorous and dazzling event of the fashion and social calendar with Vivienne Westwood's Anglomania Autumn/Winter 09-10 collection. Dame Vivienne Westwood was also awarded Audi Lifetime Achievement Award, with Commercial Director Giuseppe Aragoni in town to accept on her behalf.
2015 - present
In 2015, the event was rebranded as Singapore Fashion Week (SGFW) although it is still referred to as the Audi Fashion Festival Singapore.
The event is organized by Mercury Marketing & Communications. An excerpt of the website states "casting a spotlight on Asian talent, SGFW is a showcase of world-class collections by top and emerging designers and labels and is the only fashion week in the world that feature established and emerging regional and homegrown designers and labels alongside the world’s most iconic international designers."
Singapore Fashion Week 2015
The fashion event claimed the iconic name Singapore Fashion Week and returned with a revamped format. Building on eight successful editions as a consumer-centric fashion festival, SGFW broadened its scope to include thought-leadership initiatives and industry development. One initiative was the SGFW Fashion Talk Series – a series of thought-leadership and industry talks organized in partnership with LASALLE College of the Arts.
In 2015, SGFW introduced strategic global alliances. SGFW partnered with the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA), which saw CFDA members Diane von Furstenberg and Thakoon Panichgul showcasing their latest collections as part of the tie up. SGFW's partnership with UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) saw British designer and UK’S "GREAT" campaign ambassador Victoria Beckham presenting her Autumn/Winter 2015 collection at SGFW 2015.
To support homegrown talent, SGFW introduced Fashion Futures, a new talent development programme to internationalize Singapore designers. Singaporean designers Priscilla Shunmugam of Ong Shunmugam, Sabrina Goh of ELOHIM, and Chelsea Schott-Blackhall of Dzojchen presented as part of the pilot edition of Fashion Futures.
Singapore Fashion Week 2016
The Singapore Fashion Week returns in 2016 with a new date, location and initiatives. The 2016 edition took place in October instead of May, from 26 to 30 October, in order to align with international Fashion Weeks. The new date allows designers to showcase Spring/Summer collections that are more suited to the region's tropical climate instead of Fall/Winter collections that were previously showcased when the festival was held in May. Further, a six-month calendar of fashion and industry-related activities made accessible to the public would culminate in the Singapore Fashion Week held in October.
SGFW 2016 was held at National Gallery Singapore, housed in two national monuments in the heart of the Civic District – the former Supreme Court and City Hall. At the new location, SGFW would feature a curved runway with more than 350 front row seats, instead of conventional theatre-style seating, for a novel guest experience.
The 2016 edition will include Digital Fashion Week (DFW) after its acquisition by SGFW, which would welcome a larger digital presence for SGFW. DFW is a designer showcase formerly targeted at young designers with an emphasis on online and social media. It has supported more than 50 local designers through fashion events and runway shows held annually in Singapore and Bangkok. Viewers can enjoy 360° virtual reality and live streaming of SGFW content via the Digital Fashion Week’s online portal.
In addition to SGFW Gallery, SGFW introduced Singapore Fashion Week Access – an industry-support platform that aims to support the Singapore fashion industry by providing designers and businesses opportunities to exhibit their collections through smaller scale, flexible-format fashion presentations.
SGFW turns the spotlight on Asian talents with the participation of top names in fashion such as Chinese couturier Guo Pei, Indian-American fashion designer Naeem Khan, and London-based designer Han Chong who is behind contemporary womenswear label Self-Portrait. For the first time ever, a Singaporean designer – Max Tan of MAX.TAN – will open the fashion week at SGFW Access.
Singapore Fashion Week 2017
The last Singapore Fashion Week took place on 26 to 28 Oct 2017.
References
External links
Singapore Fashion Online Website
Article on Singapore Fashion Week
Asia Fashion Exchange
Audi Fashion Festival
Blueprint
Star Creation
Festivals in Singapore
Fashion events in Singapore
Annual events in Singapore
Recurring events established in 2001
2001 establishments in Singapore
Fashion festivals |
Sebastian Hofmeister (1476, Schaffhausen, Switzerland – June 26, 1533, Zofingen), known in writing as Oeconomus or Oikonomos, was a Swiss monk and religious Reformer who was prominent in early debates of the Reformation.
Hofmeister joined the Franciscan order in Schaffhausen before studying for several years in Paris. There he studied Hebrew and the classical languages and received a doctorate in theology in 1519. By 1520, he was sent to Zürich as a lecturer and later in the same year to Constance. It was in Zurich where he first met the Swiss Reformer Huldrych Zwingli, who influenced him a great deal. Hofmeister would begin preaching the Reformation at Lucerne, resulting in his expulsion from that town. He returned to Schaffhausen and became a central Reformer in the town, only to be thrown out in 1525. Although his time in Schaffhausen was brief, it is perhaps for this period that he is best known. He would find safety in Zürich where he established himself with the early Reformation debates there. This included the first disputation in Zürich on January 29, 1523, and the second from October 26 to 28, 1523, which he initially presided over. In Zürich, he would begin to preach by 1526, and by 1528 he left for Bern where he would teach Hebrew and participate in the Bern Disputation. He was involved in several anabaptist proceedings of the day. He continued to preach at several locations, including St. Gallen and Basel. Hoffmeister actually had a correspondence with Martin Luther, and wrote several works, including an autobiography.
Notes
1476 births
1533 deaths
People from Schaffhausen
Swiss Calvinist and Reformed theologians
16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Swiss Protestant Reformers |
Whendee Silver is an American ecosystem ecologist and biogeochemist.
Early life and education
Silver grew up in Southern California. She earned her MS in Forest Science from Yale School of Forestry in 1987 and in 1992, received her PhD from Yale University.
Career and research
Silver is a professor of ecosystem ecology at University of California, Berkeley. With a focus on ecosystem ecology and biogeochemistry, her research is often aimed at better understanding the soil system to mitigate the effects of climate change. A significant portion of her work has focused on tropical ecosystems, their soils, plants, and how nutrients and carbon cycle through them.
Silver is the lead scientist at the Marin Carbon Project, which she helped found in 2008. The Marin Carbon Project uses science to improve land management, to think about the whole system and thus consider and value ecosystem services such as soil's C sequestration ability, and make farm and ranch management more centered around carbon sequestration. Through this project she is working with ranchers, using compost for carbon sequestration on ranch land in California, greatly improving the soil's ability to sequester carbon.
Awards and honors
Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow, 2009.
Google Science Communication Fellow, 2011.
Innovation Award from the American Carbon Registry, 2015.
UC Berkeley Faculty Climate Action Champion, 2015-2016.
Fellow of the Ecological Society of America, 2016.
ESPM Distinguished Faculty Lecturer, 2017
Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2021
Publications
Silver's research on the biogeochemistry of tropical plants has been published in multiple academic journals. Silver's research was featured in the book Physiological Ecology of Tropical Plants by Ulrich Lüttge. Silver has over 145 publications as of 2018.
Selected publications
Mayer, A., Z. Hausfather, A. D. Jones, and W. L. Silver. 2018. The Potential of Agricultural Land Management to Contribute to Lower Global Surface Temperatures. Sciences Advances. In Press.
O’Connell, C., L. Ruan, and W.L. Silver. 2018. Drought drives rapid shifts in tropical rainforest soil biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions. Nature Communications DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03352-3.
Yang, W.H., R. Ryals, D.F. Cusack, and W.L. Silver. 2017. Cross-biome assessment of gross soil nitrogen cycling in California ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry107:144-155.
McNicol, G., C.S. Sturtevant, S.H. Knox, I. Dronova, D.D. Baldocchi, and W. L.Silver. 2017. Effects of seasonality, transport-pathway, and spatial structure on restored wetland greenhouse gas fluxes. Global Change Biology DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13580.
Ryals, R., V. T. Eviner, C. Stein, K. N. Suding, and W. L. Silver. 2016. Managing for multiple ecosystem services: are there tradeoffs between carbon sequestration, plant production and plant diversity in grasslands amended with compost? Ecosphere doi: 10.1002/ecs2.1270.
Hall, S. J., J. Treffkorn, and W. L. Silver. 2014. Breaking the enzymatic latch: Impacts of reducing conditions on hydrolytic enzyme activity in tropical forest soils. Ecology95: 2964-2973.
Liptzin, D. and W. L. Silver. 2015. Spatial patterns in oxygen and redox sensitive biogeochemistry in tropical forest soils. Ecosphere6: 1-14.
Silver, W. L., S. J. Hall, and G. González. 2014. Differential effects of canopy trimming and litter deposition on litterfall and nutrient dynamics in a wet subtropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management332: 47-55.
References
American ecologists
Women ecologists
Biosequestration
University of California, Berkeley College of Natural Resources faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies alumni |
The Hours of Catherine of Cleves (Morgan Library and Museum, now divided in two parts, M. 917 and M. 945, the latter sometimes called the Guennol Hours or, less commonly, the Arenberg Hours) is an ornately illuminated manuscript in the Gothic art style, produced in about 1440 by the anonymous Dutch artist known as the Master of Catherine of Cleves. It is one of the most lavishly illuminated manuscripts to survive from the 15th century and has been described as one of the masterpieces of Northern European illumination. This book of hours contains the usual offices, prayers and litanies in Latin, along with supplemental texts, decorated with 157 colorful and gilded illuminations. Today, both parts of the manuscript that forms this book are housed at the Morgan Library and Museum in New York City.
History
Origin
The Hours of Catherine of Cleves (The Hours) was commissioned for Catherine, Duchess of Guelders and Countess of Zutphen, upon the occasion of her marriage to Arnold, Duke of Guelders, on 26 January 1430. Dr. John Plummer, Curator of Medieval Manuscripts at the Morgan Library, suggested that this Horae was commissioned for the wedding in 1430, but it required time to complete. The Hours was produced in Utrecht and not completed until after 1434, probably around 1440. The earlier date is based on the picture of a coin, minted in 1434 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, shown in the border of M. 917, p. 240; Plummer, Plate 117.
Patrons
The Hours was commissioned for Catherine of Cleves by either her father or her husband. Since the 11th century, the town of Cleves had been the home of the venerable and wealthy Counts of Cleves. The Counts were elevated to a ducal house in 1417, the year Catherine was born. The Cleves family seat is the Schwanenburg, the Swan Castle, with its massive square tower, the Schwanenturm, the Tower of the Knights of the Swan, which is immortalized in Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin.
The first two full page miniatures celebrate her illustrious lineage. The first page shows Catherine of Cleves kneeling before the Virgin and the Christ Child, who take a personal interest in her salvation. Catherine is identified by her arms, in the center bottom, shown with those of her husband, Duke Arnold of Guelders. The borders of both pages are decorated with an heraldic display of the Arms of her eight great-great-grandfathers:
Count Diderik of Cleves,
Count Engelbert of Mark,
Duke Ludwig of Bavaria,
Duke Ludwig of Liegnitz,
King Jean the Good of France,
Duke Lodewijk of Flanders,
Duke Wilhelm of Jülich, and
Duke Otto of Ravensberg.
Catherine of Cleves is shown kneeling before The Virgin and the Christ Child, M. 945, folio 1 verso; Plummer, Plate 1. She is shown giving alms in Piety, the sixth gift of the Holy Spirit, M. 917, p. 65; Plummer, Plate 57. Catherine is also shown kneeling, with the Virgin, before Christ, in The Crucifixion, M. 917, p. 160; Plummer, Plate 96. Her husband, Arnold, Duke of Guelders, may be the lord shown kneeling before Christ in Fear of the Lord, the seventh gift of the Holy Spirit, M. 917, p. 58; Plummer, Plate 58. In the reconstructed book, his portrait follows that of Catherine's in Piety. And, some of his coinage is shown in the border of M. 917, p. 240; Plummer, Plate 117.
Artist
The Master of Catherine of Cleves was the anonymous illuminator, who is named after this masterpiece of Netherlandish illumination. The Cleves Master might have been a member of the van Aken family of painters. A study of the miniatures indicates that the Cleves Master designed and painted over 157 miniatures, as well as the principal border decorations, with minimal assistance from two workshop assistants.
The Hours have several anomalies. Hell was usually not depicted in Books of Hours, though normal in the Last Judgements in churches, because the sight was thought unwelcome to the often female patrons. The Master's Mouth of Hell at the beginning of the Office of the Dead actually shows three animal mouths: an uppermost stone-like portal, framed by souls boiling in pots, screams in agony; a lower mouth grimaces, its lips drawn apart by demons; and within that lower mouth, a fire-red creature opens its own jaws. The surrounding tableau of demons tormenting the souls of the dead was painted nearly 50 yrs before Hieronymus Bosch painted his. Marginal genre scenes clearly relate to the religious scenes in the main miniatures above. Details of the book, such as traps and nets in borders, relate very closely to details in the Merode Altarpiece by Robert Campin (or a follower), and suggest strongly that the master knew works by Campin. Stories flow through successive pictures: a woman watches a man die, weeps, then goes on a pilgrimage; souls within Hell dine upon the Host, and are rescued by an angel. There is little repetition, and the miniatures form a harmonious whole.
Antithesis and unusual iconography conveys irony and humor. Saint James the Less was known for his abstinence, so the border depicts men drinking wine. Saint Gregory, the great Church administrator, is shown with a border of gold and silver coins. Saint Peter is painted with the key of the Church, standing above a triskelion (a reference to the Trinity) of fresh fish as the fisher of men. Saint Lawrence is shown with the grill of his martyrdom, and the alms purse attribute as the patron of the poor. His border shows fresh fish ready for grilling, and the big fish eating the little fish, representing the rich devouring the poor, a common literary and pictorial theme of the 15th and 16th centuries. These fantastic trompe-l'œil borders were to influence the work of the Master of Mary of Burgundy 30 years later.
The Cleves Master was a superb realist who showed scenes of 15th-century Utrecht, especially in the small bas-de-page pictures. The Holy Family at dinner shows Saint Joseph wearing clogs and spooning gruel, while reclining in a barrel chair in front of a lively fire. The Virgin is seated on the other side of the fire, suckling Jesus in her neat, orderly kitchen.
By reconstructing The Hours from the two principal manuscripts, one can see the Master grow as an artist over the several years it took to illuminate The Hours. The early miniatures and iconography are comparable to the contemporary panel paintings of Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck, and share many close similarities. The later miniatures are painted with the imagination, originality, and vibrant colors that characterize Early Netherlandish painting and the later developments of that tradition. This originality of technique and awareness of everyday life prompted Delaissé to call the Cleves Master "the ancestor of the 17th century Dutch school of painting."
Modern period
After disappearing from view for some 400 years, the Hours of Catherine of Cleves surfaced in 1856. Jacques Joseph Techener, a Parisian book dealer, offered The Hours for sale at 15,000 francs. At some time before 1896, Prince Charles d’Arenberg purchased The Hours (M 945); or rather, he bought half of The Hours.
In 1963, Frederick Adams was offered another Cleves Master Horae (M 917) by an unnamed European owner. A comparison of this discovered book with the Guennol Hours (M 945) revealed that not only were they by the same artist, and from the same workshop, but both Horae were incomplete and complemented each other. This observation suggested that they were once a single volume, which had been deliberately disassembled into two separate liturgical books. Scholars believe that sometime in the 1850s, The Hours was separated into two volumes, and several leaves were removed. Microscopic examination revealed that some of the rubrics had been deliberately erased, so the leaves could be reassembled without a tell-tale break in the text. The two volumes have been recovered; but, the 9-12 missing leaves are presumed lost.
In 1970, the Guennol Hours (M.945) was purchased by the Pierpont Morgan Library through the Belle da Costa Greene Foundation, with additional assistance of various Library Fellows. By studying the text, the iconography, and the physical makeup of the two volumes, Dr John Plummer, Morgan Library Curator of Medieval Manuscripts, reconstructed the original sequence of the original, single volume of the Hours of Catherine of Cleves.
In connection with a 2010 exhibition entitled “Demons and Devotion: The Hours of Catherine of Cleves,” the Morgan Library disbound the two volumes to display 93 of the illuminations in their original order. After the show which ends on May 2, 2010, the library will rebind the book with the leaves in their proper order.
Provenance
Catherine, Duchess of Guelders, for whom it was made, 1440–1445 (single volume)
Ermengard of Lochhorst, who allegedly received it from Catherine
Disappeared for 400 years
Jacques Techener, Parisian Book dealer, 1856 (divided into 2 volumes: M 945, M 917; and missing leaves)
M 917
Baron Maurice de Rothschild, 1936 (M 917)
Frederick Adams, Bookseller, discovers another Cleves Master Horae, 1963 (M 917)
Morgan Library and Museum, purchased 1963 (M 917)
M945
Prince Charles d’Arenberg, purchased before 1896 (M 945)
Duchess Julie d’Arenberg (M 945)
Duke Engelbert d’Arenberg (M 945)
Duke Engelbert-Marie d’Arenberg exhibited as the Arenberg Hours in Düsseldorf, 1904 (M 945)
Hans P. Kraus, Bookseller, 1958 (M 945)
Alistair Bradley Martin (Guennol Collection), 1958 (M 945)
Exhibited at the Rijksmuseum as the Guennol Hours, 1958 (M 945)
Hans P. Kraus, Art Dealer, 1970 (M 945)
Morgan Library and Museum, purchased 1970 (M 945)
Description
The book is a Gothic manuscript and book of hours, illuminated by the Master of Catherine of Cleves, and at least two assistants, in Utrecht c. 1440. The book is now bound in two volumes:
M 945 = Vellum, 193 leaves, 7½ × 5⅛ inches (192 × 130 mm), with 63 miniatures, bound in 19th-century red velvet.
M 917 = Vellum, 328 leaves, 7½ × 5⅛ inches (192 × 130 mm), with 94 miniatures, in a 19th-century binding, with spine marked Heures de Catherine de Cleves / Martyrologie. There are an estimated 9 to 12 leaves missing, based on the series of saints in the Suffrages. Saint Quirinus, Saint Margaret and two other saints are missing; at least five to eight other leaves are missing, too. The text is Latin in a Gothic script with black and red ink, by a single scribe; there are catchwords and rubricator's notes in other hands.
Contents
Books of hours were extremely popular in the late medieval times, and by the date of these hours the most common vehicle for lavish illumination. The books were intended for regular use, by lay people, who wished to structure their devotional life. Observing the canonical hours centered upon the recitation, or singing, of a number of psalms, which are accompanied by prayers, specified by the eight hours of the liturgical day.
The core text of a Book of Hours is the Little Office of the Virgin, illustrated by scenes from the Life of the Virgin. This series of hourly prayers were prayed to the Mother of God, who co-mediates and sanctifies the prayers to God. The Penitential Psalms were recited to help one resist temptation of committing any of the Seven Deadly Sins. The prayers in the Office of the Dead were prayed to shorten the time a loved one spent in Purgatory. Supplementary texts were added to celebrate any personal patron, family saint, special circumstances, or a fortuitous event. This standard pattern of daily prayer provided the framework for the artists' efforts.
This book contains:
A Calendar of feast days,
The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary,
The Hours of the Cross,
The Hours of Eternal Wisdom,
The Office for the Dead,
The Seven Penitential Psalms,
Various Litanies and Prayers,
A series of seven Offices for each day, with an accompanying Mass; and
The Suffrages, a Memorial of the Saints.
Decoration
These volumes come from a period when luxury books of hours for the wealthy were produced for their artistic and decorative effect. The artist chose an unusually wide variety of subject matter for his border illuminations. He decorated his borders with beautiful trompe-l'œil depictions of nature: mussels, fruit, birds, fish, and more. The Master also depicts man-made beauty, such as jewelry, tiles, coins, and furniture. These border decorations would greatly influence the Master of Mary of Burgundy. The Cleves Master was familiar with the details of humble tasks such as milking a cow, selling wine, and baking bread. In spite of the humble occupations depicted in the miniatures and borders, the luxurious details of wealth and elegance dominate the miniatures, to emphasize that this book was made for an aristocratic client. Ingenious theological links between the subjects of the main images and the objects in the borders have been suggested by some scholars, though many of these are not generally accepted.
The Cleves Master's originality is in the trompe-l'œil effects, and in the still life borders. For example, a border of pretzels and wafers encircles Saint Bartholomew, mussels enclose Saint Ambrose, and a rosary frames the Adoration of the Magi. Meiss observed that these pages are constructed so that the reader views the border through a magnifying glass and the miniature through a telescope. The Hours uses framing as a means to encourage viewers to think of themselves as participants with God in creating sacred time. The human figure appears flexible and articulate. The Master handles distance by graduated scale and diminishing clarity. The artist's increasing skill in depicting these realistic features can be traced from the start to the finish of this book.
As a whole, the Cleves Master's decorations concentrate on the great themes of late medieval theology and piety: the Trinity, Christ, the Cross, the Virgin, the Saints, death, salvation, and eternal life. The standard pattern of these devotional prayers provided the framework for the Cleves Master's efforts. The challenge to the artists of his day was to apply their utmost skill in devising sumptuous pictures, which were fresh and delightful, but fully compliant with religious conventions and the expectations of their noble clients.
Reproductions
In 1964, the Morgan Library produced an 83-page catalogue, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, for the Cleves Hours exhibit held at the Library. Both the cloth and paperback editions contained 30 black and white plates, plus 2 color plates, accompanied with commentaries by Dr. John Plummer, Curator of Mediaeval Manuscripts at the Pierpont Morgan Library. Frederick B. Adams, Jr, wrote the foreword, which incorporated comments by Harry Bober, L. M. J. Delaissé, Millard Meiss, and Erwin Panofsky.
In 1966, the publisher, George Braziller, produced a full color, partial facsimile. All 157 of the miniatures were reproduced in color with gold. Three text pages of prayers were reproduced in color. The 160 facsimile pages were accompanied with notes and commentaries by Dr. John Plummer. This book was issued as a 359-page leather, or leatherette, hardback volume in a slipcase.
A cloth hardback edition was issued in 1975. And, in 1980, the publisher, George Braziller, produced a paperback facsimile of this book.
In 2002, George Braziller published a third edition as a 360-page hardback. All 157 of the miniatures and three text pages were reproduced in color with gold. Dr. Plummer includes a new foreword, along with the 1966 edition Introduction and commentaries, accompanying each facsimile page.
In conjunction with a 2010 exhibition of the manuscript, the Morgan Library prepared a complete digital facsimile of the miniatures and any facing text pages.
Use
The Hours of the Virgin are those for use of the Augustinian canons of the Windesheim chapter. The Office of the Dead is also that for Windesheim use, which is the same as for Utrecht.
The Hours of Catherine of Cleves is still relevant today as a devotional text. Karlfried Froehlich, Princeton Theological Seminary, makes a statement about the modern usage of books of hours:
In their imaginative use of traditional iconography the artists put us in touch with a wealth of theological tradition that had developed over centuries and had marked with its symbols the meditative road into the depth dimension. Behind the pictures in these volumes we meet not only the theology of an individual Christian but also a theology expressive of the collective witness of many generations who drew their strength from the contemplation of the realities to which their symbols pointed. There is nothing that could prevent a miniature from the Hours of Catherine of Cleves from becoming an effective help of Christian meditation today.
See also
Canonical hours
List of illuminated manuscripts
History of miniature (illuminated manuscript)
References
Notes
Further reading'''
Calkins, Robert G. "Distribution of labor: the illuminators of the Hours of Catherine of Cleves and their Workshop." In Transactions of the American Philosophical Society; new ser., v. 69, pt. 5. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1979.
Calkins, Robert G. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.
De Hamel, Christopher. A History of Illuminated Manuscripts. New York: Phaidon Press, 1997.
Merton, Thomas. A Book of Hours''. Notre Dame, Indiana: Sorin Books, 2007.
External links
Hypertext Book of Hours; full texts and translation
Morgan Library online version
Last Judgement image
A Note on the Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, Peter Woodruff, USC
Utrecht Calendar
Utrecht Daily Prayer
Catherine of Cleves
1440s books
Arts in the court of Philip the Good
Collection of the Morgan Library & Museum
15th-century Latin books
Manuscripts in Latin |
Provincial Reconstruction Team Zabul was a civil-military unit tasked to assist the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan deliver government and security in the southern province of Zabul.
Along with the military component, the PRT also includes civilians from the Dept. of State, USAID and Dept. of Agriculture.
The team had approximately 100 personnel. The commander for PRT Zabul was an Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, but shared mission planning with the Dept. of State senior official in the province. The team was composed of half Army Soldiers and half Air Force Airmen. Soldiers served as the security force (responsible for providing outside the wire security for the team during convoys and ground movements), civil affairs teams and other staff positions like Director of Operations and Logistics Officer. Airmen on the team served in multiple capacities including command post, engineering, intelligence, public affairs/information operations, services, vehicle maintenance, logistics, personnel, perimeter security advisors and personal security detail.
A typical day would include a convoy movement or air movement to a construction site to assess progress. During the same day, a movement to a government office or with Afghan officials to outlying villages occurred to advise and build government capacity.
Each team would go through 2.5 months of training at Camp Atterbury, Indiana to prepare for the deployment. During the training, members of the team learned small and large movement operations, medical training, advising training, and other skills needed to operate outside the wire in Afghanistan.
Location
The Zabul PRT was headquartered in the province's capital, Qalat, Zabul, next to the Provincial Governor's offices. The compound was approximately 5 acres and had a helipad. The compound was turned over to Afghan forces when the PRT was closed.
Unit Mission
Conduct civil-military operations in Zabul Province to extend the reach and legitimacy of the Government of Afghanistan by:
Promoting good governance and justice
Facilitating reconstruction, development and economic growth by developing projects on the leading edge of the Afghan National Development Strategy
Supporting and enabling an effective Afghan security apparatus
Coordinating Consequence Management Operations with the Government of Afghanistan, Afghan National Security Forces and the International Security Assistance Force.
See also
Afghanistan
International Security Assistance Force
NATO
Provincial Reconstruction Team
Qalat, Zabul
References
External links
PRT Zabul Facebook Page
ISAF
Zabul Province
Zabul |
In theoretical physics, Nordström's theory of gravitation was a predecessor of general relativity. Strictly speaking, there were actually two distinct theories proposed by the Finnish theoretical physicist Gunnar Nordström, in 1912 and 1913 respectively. The first was quickly dismissed, but the second became the first known example of a metric theory of gravitation, in which the effects of gravitation are treated entirely in terms of the geometry of a curved spacetime.
Neither of Nordström's theories are in agreement with observation and experiment. Nonetheless, the first remains of interest insofar as it led to the second. The second remains of interest both as an important milestone on the road to the current theory of gravitation, general relativity, and as a simple example of a self-consistent relativistic theory of gravitation. As an example, this theory is particularly useful in the context of pedagogical discussions of how to derive and test the predictions of a metric theory of gravitation.
Development of the theories
Nordström's theories arose at a time when several leading physicists, including Nordström in Helsinki, Max Abraham in Milan, Gustav Mie in Greifswald, Germany, and Albert Einstein in Prague, were all trying to create competing relativistic theories of gravitation.
All of these researchers began by trying to suitably modify the existing theory, the field theory version of Newton's theory of gravitation. In this theory, the field equation is the Poisson equation , where is the gravitational potential and is the density of matter, augmented by an equation of motion for a test particle in an ambient gravitational field, which we can derive from
Newton's force law and which states that the acceleration of the test particle is given by the gradient of the potential
This theory is not relativistic because the equation of motion refers to coordinate time rather than proper time, and because, should the matter in some isolated object suddenly be redistributed by an explosion, the field equation requires that the potential everywhere in "space" must be "updated" instantaneously, which violates the principle that any "news" which has a physical effect (in this case, an effect on test particle motion far from the source of the field) cannot be transmitted faster than the speed of light. Einstein's former calculus professor, Hermann Minkowski had sketched a vector theory of gravitation as early as 1908, but in 1912, Abraham pointed out that no such theory would admit stable planetary orbits. This was one reason why Nordström turned to scalar theories of gravitation (while Einstein explored tensor theories).
Nordström's first attempt to propose a suitable relativistic scalar field equation of gravitation was the simplest and most natural choice imaginable: simply replace the Laplacian in the Newtonian field equation with the D'Alembertian or wave operator, which gives . This has the result of changing the vacuum field equation from the Laplace equation to the wave equation, which means that any "news" concerning redistribution of matter in one location is transmitted at the speed of light to other locations. Correspondingly, the simplest guess for a suitable equation of motion for test particles might seem to be where the dot signifies differentiation with respect to proper time, subscripts following the comma denote partial differentiation with respect to the indexed coordinate, and where is the velocity four-vector of the test particle. This force law had earlier been proposed by Abraham, but it does not preserve the norm of the four-velocity as is required by the definition of proper time, so Nordström instead proposed .
However, this theory is unacceptable for a variety of reasons. Two objections are theoretical. First, this theory is not derivable from a Lagrangian, unlike the Newtonian field theory (or most metric theories of gravitation). Second, the proposed field equation is linear. But by analogy with electromagnetism, we should expect the gravitational field to carry energy, and on the basis of Einstein's work on relativity theory, we should expect this energy to be equivalent to mass and therefore, to gravitate. This implies that the field equation should be nonlinear. Another objection is more practical: this theory disagrees drastically with observation.
Einstein and von Laue proposed that the problem might lie with the field equation, which, they suggested, should have the linear form , where F is some yet unknown function of , and where Tmatter is the trace of the stress–energy tensor describing the density, momentum, and stress of any matter present.
In response to these criticisms, Nordström proposed his second theory in 1913. From the proportionality of inertial and gravitational mass, he deduced that the field equation should be , which is nonlinear. Nordström now took the equation of motion to be
or .
Einstein took the first opportunity to proclaim his approval of the new theory. In a keynote address to the annual meeting of the Society of German Scientists and Physicians, given in Vienna on September 23, 1913, Einstein surveyed the state of the art, declaring that only his own work with Marcel Grossmann and the second theory of Nordström were worthy of consideration. (Mie, who was in the audience, rose to protest, but Einstein explained his criteria and Mie was forced to admit that his own theory did not meet them.) Einstein considered the special case when the only matter present is a cloud of dust (that is, a perfect fluid in which the pressure is assumed to be negligible). He argued that the contribution of this matter to the stress–energy tensor should be:
He then derived an expression for the stress–energy tensor of the gravitational field in Nordström's second theory,
which he proposed should hold in general, and showed that the sum of the contributions to the stress–energy tensor from the gravitational field energy and from matter would be conserved, as should be the case. Furthermore, he showed, the field equation of Nordström's second theory follows from the Lagrangian
Since Nordström's equation of motion for test particles in an ambient gravitational field also follows from a Lagrangian, this shows that Nordström's second theory can be derived from an action principle and also shows that it obeys other properties we must demand from a self-consistent field theory.
Meanwhile, a gifted Dutch student, Adriaan Fokker had written a Ph.D. thesis under Hendrik Lorentz in which he derived what is now called the Fokker–Planck equation. Lorentz, delighted by his former student's success, arranged for Fokker to pursue post-doctoral study with Einstein in Prague. The result was a historic paper which appeared in 1914, in which Einstein and Fokker observed that the Lagrangian for Nordström's equation of motion for test particles, , is the geodesic Lagrangian for a curved Lorentzian manifold with metric tensor . If we adopt Cartesian coordinates with line element with corresponding wave operator on the flat background, or Minkowski spacetime, so that the line element of the curved spacetime is , then the Ricci scalar of this curved spacetime is just
Therefore, Nordström's field equation becomes simply
where on the right hand side, we have taken the trace of the stress–energy tensor (with contributions from matter plus any non-gravitational fields) using the metric tensor . This is a historic result, because here for the first time we have a field equation in which on the left hand side stands a purely geometrical quantity (the Ricci scalar is the trace of the Ricci tensor, which is itself a kind of trace of the fourth rank Riemann curvature tensor), and on the right hand stands a purely physical quantity, the trace of the stress–energy tensor. Einstein gleefully pointed out that this equation now takes the form which he had earlier proposed with von Laue, and gives a concrete example of a class of theories which he had studied with Grossmann.
Some time later, Hermann Weyl introduced the Weyl curvature tensor , which measures the deviation of a Lorentzian manifold from being conformally flat, i.e. with metric tensor having the form of the product of some scalar function with the metric tensor of flat spacetime. This is exactly the special form of the metric proposed in Nordström's second theory, so the entire content of this theory can be summarized in the following two equations:
Features of Nordström's theory
Einstein was attracted to Nordström's second theory by its simplicity. The vacuum field equations in Nordström's theory are simply
We can immediately write down the general vacuum solution in Nordström's theory:
where and is the line element for flat spacetime in any convenient coordinate chart (such as cylindrical, polar spherical, or double null coordinates), and where is the ordinary wave operator on flat spacetime (expressed in cylindrical, polar spherical, or double null coordinates, respectively). But the general solution of the ordinary three-dimensional wave equation is well known, and can be given rather explicit form. Specifically, for certain charts such as cylindrical or polar spherical charts on flat spacetime (which induce corresponding charts on our curved Lorentzian manifold), we can write the general solution in terms of a power series, and we can write the general solution of certain Cauchy problems in the manner familiar from the Lienard-Wiechert potentials in electromagnetism.
In any solution to Nordström's field equations (vacuum or otherwise), if we consider as controlling a conformal perturbation from flat spacetime, then to first order in we have
Thus, in the weak field approximation, we can identify with the Newtonian gravitational potential, and we can regard it as controlling a small conformal perturbation from a flat spacetime background.
In any metric theory of gravitation, all gravitational effects arise from the curvature of the metric. In a spacetime model in Nordström's theory (but not in general relativity), this depends only on the trace of the stress–energy tensor. But the field energy of an electromagnetic field contributes a term to the stress–energy tensor which is traceless, so in Nordström's theory, electromagnetic field energy does not gravitate! Indeed, since every solution to the field equations of this theory is a spacetime which is among other things conformally equivalent to flat spacetime, null geodesics must agree with the null geodesics of the flat background, so this theory can exhibit no light bending.
Incidentally, the fact that the trace of the stress–energy tensor for an electrovacuum solution (a solution in which there is no matter present, nor any non-gravitational fields except for an electromagnetic field) vanishes shows that in the general electrovacuum solution in Nordström's theory, the metric tensor has the same form as in a vacuum solution, so we need only write down and solve the curved spacetime Maxwell field equations. But these are conformally invariant, so we can also write down the general electrovacuum solution, say in terms of a power series.
In any Lorentzian manifold (with appropriate tensor fields describing any matter and physical fields) which stands as a solution to Nordström's field equations, the conformal part of the Riemann tensor (i.e. the Weyl tensor) always vanishes. The Ricci scalar also vanishes identically in any vacuum region (or even, any region free of matter but containing an electromagnetic field). Are there any further restrictions on the Riemann tensor in Nordström's theory?
To find out, note that an important identity from the theory of manifolds, the Ricci decomposition, splits the Riemann tensor into three pieces, which are each fourth-rank tensors, built out of, respectively, the Ricci scalar, the trace-free Ricci tensor
and the Weyl tensor. It immediately follows that Nordström's theory leaves the trace-free Ricci tensor entirely unconstrained by algebraic relations (other than the symmetric property, which this second rank tensor always enjoys). But taking account of the twice-contracted and detracted Bianchi identity, a differential identity which holds for the Riemann tensor in any (semi)-Riemannian manifold, we see that in Nordström's theory, as a consequence of the field equations, we have the first-order covariant differential equation
which constrains the semi-traceless part of the Riemann tensor (the one built out of the trace-free Ricci tensor).
Thus, according to Nordström's theory, in a vacuum region only the semi-traceless part of the Riemann tensor can be nonvanishing. Then our covariant differential constraint on shows how variations in the trace of the stress–energy tensor in our spacetime model can generate a nonzero trace-free Ricci tensor, and thus nonzero semi-traceless curvature, which can propagate into a vacuum region. This is critically important, because otherwise gravitation would not, according to this theory, be a long-range force capable of propagating through a vacuum.
In general relativity, something somewhat analogous happens, but there it is the Ricci tensor which vanishes in any vacuum region (but not in a region which is matter-free but contains an electromagnetic field), and it is the Weyl curvature which is generated (via another first order covariant differential equation) by variations in the stress–energy tensor and which then propagates into vacuum regions, rendering gravitation a long-range force capable of propagating through a vacuum.
We can tabulate the most basic differences between Nordström's theory and general relativity, as follows:
Another feature of Nordström's theory is that it can be written as the theory of a certain scalar field in Minkowski spacetime, and in this form enjoys the expected conservation law for nongravitational mass-energy together with gravitational field energy, but suffers from a not very memorable force law. In the curved spacetime formulation the motion of test particles is described (the world line of a free test particle is a timelike geodesic, and by an obvious limit, the world line of a laser pulse is a null geodesic), but we lose the conservation law. So which interpretation is correct? In other words, which metric is the one which according to Nordström can be measured locally by physical experiments? The answer is: the curved spacetime is the physically observable one in this theory (as in all metric theories of gravitation); the flat background is a mere mathematical fiction which is however of inestimable value for such purposes as writing down the general vacuum solution, or studying the weak field limit.
At this point, we could show that in the limit of slowly moving test particles and slowly evolving weak gravitational fields, Nordström's theory of gravitation reduces to the Newtonian theory of gravitation. Rather than showing this in detail, we will proceed to a detailed study of the two most important solutions in this theory:
the spherically symmetric static asymptotically flat vacuum solutions
the general vacuum gravitational plane wave solution in this theory.
We will use the first to obtain the predictions of Nordström's theory for the four classic solar system tests of relativistic gravitation theories (in the ambient field of an isolated spherically symmetric object), and we will use the second to compare gravitational radiation in Nordström's theory and in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
The static spherically symmetric asymptotically flat vacuum solution
The static vacuum solutions in Nordström's theory are the Lorentzian manifolds with metrics of the form
where we can take the flat spacetime Laplace operator on the right. To first order in , the metric becomes
where is the metric of Minkowski spacetime (the flat background).
The metric
Adopting polar spherical coordinates, and using the known spherically symmetric asymptotically vanishing solutions of the Laplace equation, we can write the desired exact solution as
where we justify our choice of integration constants by the fact that this is the unique choice giving the correct Newtonian limit. This gives the solution in terms of coordinates which directly exhibit the fact that this spacetime is conformally equivalent to Minkowski spacetime, but the radial coordinate in this chart does not readily admit a direct geometric interpretation. Therefore, we adopt instead Schwarzschild coordinates, using the transformation , which brings the metric into the form
Here, r now has the simple geometric interpretation that the surface area of the coordinate sphere is just .
Just as happens in the corresponding static spherically symmetric asymptotically flat solution of general relativity, this solution admits a four-dimensional Lie group of isometries, or equivalently, a four-dimensional (real) Lie algebra of Killing vector fields. These are readily determined to be
(translation in time)
(rotation about an axis through the origin)
These are exactly the same vector fields which arise in the Schwarzschild coordinate chart for the Schwarzschild vacuum solution of general relativity, and they simply express the fact that this spacetime is static and spherically symmetric.
Geodesics
The geodesic equations are readily obtained from the geodesic Lagrangian. As always, these are second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
If we set we find that test particle motion confined to the equatorial plane is possible, and in this case first integrals (first order ordinary differential equations) are readily obtained. First, we have
where to first order in m we have the same result as for the Schwarzschild vacuum. This also shows that Nordström's theory agrees with the result of the Pound–Rebka experiment. Second, we have
which is the same result as for the Schwarzschild vacuum. This expresses conservation of orbital angular momentum of test particles moving in the equatorial plane, and shows that the period of a nearly circular orbit (as observed by a distant observer) will be same as for the Schwarzschild vacuum. Third, with for timelike, null, spacelike geodesics, we find
where
is a kind of effective potential. In the timelike case, we see from this that there exist stable circular orbits at , which agrees perfectly with Newtonian theory (if we ignore the fact that now the angular but not the radial distance interpretation of r agrees with flat space notions). In contrast, in the Schwarzschild vacuum we have to first order in m the expression . In a sense, the extra term here results from the nonlinearity of the vacuum Einstein field equation.
Static observers
It makes sense to ask how much force is required to hold a test particle with a given mass over the massive object which we assume is the source of this static spherically symmetric gravitational field. To find out, we need only adopt the simple frame field
Then, the acceleration of the world line of our test particle is simply
Thus, the particle must maintain radially outward to maintain its position, with a magnitude given by the familiar Newtonian expression (but again we must bear in mind that the radial coordinate here cannot quite be identified with a flat space radial coordinate). Put in other words, this is the "gravitational acceleration" measured by a static observer who uses a rocket engine to maintain his position. In contrast, to second order in m, in the Schwarzschild vacuum the magnitude of the radially outward acceleration of a static observer is m r−2 + m^2 r−3; here too, the second term expresses the fact that Einstein gravity is slightly stronger "at corresponding points" than Nordström gravity.
The tidal tensor measured by a static observer is
where we take . The first term agrees with the corresponding solution in the Newtonian theory of gravitation and the one in general relativity. The second term shows that the tidal forces are a bit stronger in Nordström gravity than in Einstein gravity.
Extra-Newtonian precession of periastria
In our discussion of the geodesic equations, we showed that in the equatorial coordinate plane we have
where for a timelike geodesic. Differentiating with respect to proper time s, we obtain
Dividing both sides by gives
We found earlier that the minimum of V occurs at where . Evaluating the derivative, using our earlier results, and setting , we find
which is (to first order) the equation of simple harmonic motion.
In other words, nearly circular orbits will exhibit a radial oscillation. However, unlike what happens in Newtonian gravitation, the period of this oscillation will not quite match the orbital period. This will result in slow precession of the periastria (points of closest approach) of our nearly circular orbit, or more vividly, in a slow rotation of the long axis of a quasi-Keplerian nearly elliptical orbit. Specifically,
(where we used and removed the subscript from ), whereas
The discrepancy is
so the periastrion lag per orbit is
and to first order in m, the long axis of the nearly elliptical orbit rotates with the rate
This can be compared with the corresponding expression for the Schwarzschild vacuum solution in general relativity, which is (to first order in m)
Thus, in Nordström's theory, if the nearly elliptical orbit is transversed counterclockwise, the long axis slowly rotates clockwise, whereas in general relativity, it rotates counterclockwise six times faster. In the first case we may speak of a periastrion lag and in the second case, a periastrion advance. In either theory, with more work, we can derive more general expressions, but we shall be satisfied here with treating the special case of nearly circular orbits.
For example, according to Nordström's theory, the perihelia of Mercury should lag at a rate of about 7 seconds of arc per century, whereas according to general relativity, the perihelia should advance at a rate of about 43 seconds of arc per century.
Light delay
Null geodesics in the equatorial plane of our solution satisfy
Consider two events on a null geodesic, before and after its point of closest approach to the origin.
Let these distances be with . We wish to eliminate , so put (the equation of a straight line in polar coordinates) and differentiate to obtain
Thus
Plugging this into the line element and solving for dt, we obtain
Thus the coordinate time from the first event to the event of closest approach is
and likewise
Here the elapsed coordinate time expected from Newtonian theory is of course
so the relativistic time delay, according to Nordström's theory, is
To first order in the small ratios this is just .
The corresponding result in general relativity is
which depends logarithmically on the small ratios . For example, in the classic experiment in which, at a time when, as viewed from Earth, Venus is just about to pass behind the Sun, a radar signal emitted from Earth which grazes the limb of the Sun, bounces off Venus, and returns to Earth (once again grazing the limb of the Sun), the relativistic time delay is about 20 microseconds according to Nordström's theory and about 240 microseconds according to general relativity.
Summary of results
We can summarize the results we found above in the following table, in which the given expressions represent appropriate approximations:
The last four lines in this table list the so-called four classic solar system tests of relativistic theories of gravitation. Of the three theories appearing in the table, only general relativity is in agreement with the results of experiments and observations in the solar system. Nordström's theory gives the correct result only for the Pound–Rebka experiment; not surprisingly, Newton's theory flunks all four relativistic tests.
Vacuum gravitational plane wave
In the double null chart for Minkowski spacetime,
a simple solution of the wave equation
is , where f is an arbitrary smooth function. This represents a plane wave traveling in the z direction. Therefore, Nordström's theory admits the exact vacuum solution
which we can interpret in terms of the propagation of a gravitational plane wave.
This Lorentzian manifold admits a six-dimensional Lie group of isometries, or equivalently, a six-dimensional Lie algebra of Killing vector fields:
(a null translation, "opposing" the wave vector field )
(spatial translation orthogonal to the wavefronts)
(rotation about axis parallel to direction of propagation)
For example, the Killing vector field integrates to give the one parameter family of isometries
Just as in special relativity (and general relativity), it is always possible to change coordinates, without disturbing the form of the solution, so that the wave propagates in any direction transverse to .
Note that our isometry group is transitive on the hypersurfaces .
In contrast, the generic gravitational plane wave in general relativity has only a five-dimensional Lie group of isometries. (In both theories, special plane waves may have extra symmetries.) We'll say a bit more about why this is so in a moment.
Adopting the frame field
we find that the corresponding family of test particles are inertial (freely falling), since the acceleration vector vanishes
Notice that if f vanishes, this family becomes a family of mutually stationary test particles in flat (Minkowski) spacetime. With respect to the timelike geodesic congruence of world lines obtained by integrating the timelike unit vector field , the expansion tensor
shows that our test particles are expanding or contracting isotropically and transversely to the direction of propagation. This is exactly what we would expect for a transverse spin-0 wave; the behavior of analogous families of test particles which encounter a gravitational plane wave in general relativity is quite different, because these are spin-2 waves. This is due to the fact that Nordström's theory of gravitation is a scalar theory, whereas Einstein's theory of gravitation (general relativity) is a tensor theory. On the other hand, gravitational waves in both theories are transverse waves. Electromagnetic plane waves are of course also transverse. The tidal tensor
further exhibits the spin-0 character of the gravitational plane wave in Nordström's theory. (The tidal tensor and expansion tensor are three-dimensional tensors which "live" in the hyperplane elements orthogonal to , which in this case happens to be irrotational, so we can regard these tensors as defined on orthogonal hyperslices.)
The exact solution we are discussing here, which we interpret as a propagating gravitational plane wave, gives some basic insight into the propagation of gravitational radiation in Nordström's theory, but it does not yield any insight into the generation of gravitational radiation in this theory. At this point, it would be natural to discuss the analog for Nordström's theory of gravitation of the standard linearized gravitational wave theory in general relativity, but we shall not pursue this.
See also
Classical theories of gravitation
Congruence (general relativity)
Gunnar Nordström
Obsolete physical theories
General Theory of Relativity
References
Ravndal, Finn (2004). Scalar Gravitation and Extra Dimensions
See problem 13.2.
Theories of gravity
Obsolete theories in physics |
Sir William Grierson, 2nd Baronet (c. 1677 – 1760), of Rockhall, Lag, Dumfries, was a Scottish Jacobite and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1709 to 1711. He was captured and imprisoned in the 1715 Jabobite rebellion.
Biography
Grierson was the eldest son of Sir Robert Grierson, 1st Baronet and his wife Lady Henrietta Douglas.
Grierson was a Scottish Commissioner of Supply in 1704. He stood unsuccessfully for Dumfriesshire as Queensberry's nominee at the 1708 British general election, but was returned as Member of Parliament for Dumfriesshire at a by-election on 7 April 1709. At the 1710 British general election he was asked to stand down in favour of Hon. James Murray, but refused, and managed to regain the seat against Murray. However, he lost it on petition on 22 February 1711.
Grierson accompanied Lord Kenmure in the Jacobite rising of 1715 on the expedition which ended in defeat at Preston. He was captured and imprisoned in Newgate prison and indicted for treason in May 1716. He was released from prison on 18 July 1717, but was then apprehended by the officers of St Andrew's, Holborn to give security, for 'getting a wench with child, while in prison’. By contract dated 1 September 1720, he married Anne Musgrave, daughter of Sir Richard Musgrave, 2nd Baronet and Dorothy James, at Aspartria, Cumberland, England. He was pardoned for his involvement in the rebellion in 1725. In 1733 he succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father.
Grierson died without issue in 1760 and was buried at Dunscore Parish Kirkyard. He was succeeded by his younger brother's son, Sir Robert Grierson, 3rd Baronet, of Lag, who was born in about 1700 and died childless in 1764.
References
1677 births
1760 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
People of the Jacobite rising of 1715
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
British MPs 1708–1710
British MPs 1710–1713
Scottish Jacobites
Tory members of the Parliament of Great Britain |
There are 45 streams named Willow Creek in the U.S. state of Montana.
Willow Creek (Beaverhead County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Beaverhead County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Big Horn County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Big Horn County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Big Horn County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Big Horn County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Big Horn County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Blaine County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Blaine County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Carbon County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Carter County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Cascade County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Chouteau County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Deer Lodge County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Fergus County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Flathead County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Gallatin County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Glacier County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Glacier County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Judith Basin County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Lewis and Clark County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Lewis and Clark County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Lewis and Clark County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Lewis and Clark County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Lewis and Clark County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Lewis and Clark County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Lewis and Clark County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Liberty County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Madison County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Madison County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Meagher County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Meagher County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Musselshell County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Park County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Powder River County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Powder River County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Powell County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Ravalli County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Sanders County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Sheridan County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Teton County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Treasure County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Valley County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Valley County, Montana), , el.
Willow Creek (Wheatland County, Montana), , el.
See also
List of rivers of Montana
Montana Stream Access Law
Notes
Rivers of Montana |
Omar Hamid Ali (born February 10, 1971) is an American historian of the African diaspora who specializes in the history of independent black political movements in the United States, Islam in the Indian Ocean world, and black resistance to slavery in Latin America.
Life
Ali is of East Indian and Peruvian background. He is Professor of Comparative African Diaspora History and Dean of Lloyd International Honors College at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. He is on the faculty of the African American and African Diaspora Studies Program, History Department, and International & Global Studies at UNCG. He was a Fulbright professor of history and anthropology at Universidad Nacional de Colombia, a visiting professor in the Program for African American and Diaspora Studies at Vanderbilt University, and a Library Scholar at the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University. A graduate of the London School of Economics and Political Science, he studied anthropology at the School of Oriental and African Studies and conducted fieldwork in West Africa with anthropologist Maxwell Owusu before receiving his Ph.D. in history from Columbia University in 2003 under the direction of Eric Foner.
Ali is the author of four books, including Malik Ambar: Power and Slavery Across the Indian Ocean World (Oxford University Press, 2016) and In the Lion's Mouth: Black Populism in the New South (University Press of Mississippi, 2010), and wrote the narrative for The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean World exhibit for the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in collaboration with curator Sylviane Diouf. Selected as the 2016 Carnegie Foundation North Carolina Professor of the Year, he serves as a Road Scholar for the North Carolina Humanities Council and History and Geography Deputy Inspector for the French Ministry of Education; he has also served on the History Academic Advisory Committee of the College Board and the Teaching Prize Committee for the World History Association. He is member of the board of directors of the All Stars Project, IndependentVoting.org, and the Cone Health Foundation. He has appeared on CNN, NPR, Al Jazeera, Telemundo, C-SPAN, and PBS, among other networks.
Selected bibliography
Malik Ambar: Power and Slavery Across the Indian Ocean (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016)
Islam in the Indian Ocean World: A Brief History with Documents (Boston, MA: Bedford St. Martin's Press, 2016)
"Afro-Peru: A Legacy of Black Labor and Culture," Revista: Harvard Review of Latin America, Vol. XIII, No. 4 (Fall 2014)
"Benkos Biohó: African Maroon Leadership in New Grenada", in Atlantic Biographies: Individuals and Peoples in the Atlantic World, M. Meuwese and J. Fortin, eds (Boston, MA: Brill, 2013)
"The African Diaspora in Latin America: Afro-Peru and San Martin de Porres," New African Review, Vol. 2, Issue 4 (Summer 2013)
"The Mu'azzin's Song: Islam and the African Diaspora of the Indian Ocean," North Carolina Conversations, Vol. 6, Issue 1 (Winter-Spring, 2012)
"Re-Conceptualizing Black Populism" in Southern Populism Revisited: New Interpretations and New Departures, James M. Beeby eds. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2012)
"Black Populism: Agrarian Politics from the Colored Alliance to the People's Party" in Beyond Forty Acres and a Mule: African American Farmers Since Reconstruction, Debra A. Reid and Evan P. Bennett, eds. (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012)
"Fulani's Tools and Results," Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender and the Black International, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 2012)
"The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean World," Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (The New York Public Library, 2011)
In the Lion's Mouth: Black Populism in the New South, 1886-1900 (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2010), foreword by Robin D. G. Kelley
"Islam, Trade, and Empire", in Africa and the Wider World, by Hakeem Tijani, Raphael Njoku, et al., eds. (Boston, MA: Pearson, 2010)
"Lenora Branch Fulani: Challenging the Rules of the Game", in African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House, B. Glasrud, et al., eds. (New York: Routledge, 2010)
"Islam and the African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean World", in Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed (2009)
In the Balance of Power: Independent Black Politics and Third Party Movements in the United States (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2008), foreword by Eric Foner
"Standing Guard at the Door of Liberty: Black Populism in South Carolina, 1886-1897," South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 107, No. 3 (July 2006)
"Independent Black Politics", editor, Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society Vol. 7, No. 2 (Spring 2005).
References
External links
The University of North Carolina, Greensboro, faculty website
Carnegie Foundation announcement of NC Professor of the Year
North Carolina Humanities Council
Campus Weekly
1971 births
Living people
American historians
Historians of the United States
Black studies scholars
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Alumni of the London School of Economics
American people of Indian descent
American people of Peruvian descent
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers |
```go
package storagesvc
import (
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
"github.com/fission/fission/pkg/utils/metrics"
)
var (
functionLabels = []string{}
totalArchives = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
prometheus.GaugeOpts{
Name: "fission_archives",
Help: "Number of archives stored",
},
functionLabels,
)
totalMemoryUsage = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
prometheus.GaugeOpts{
Name: "fission_archive_memory_bytes",
Help: "Amount of memory consumed by archives",
},
functionLabels,
)
)
func init() {
registry := metrics.Registry
registry.MustRegister(totalArchives)
registry.MustRegister(totalMemoryUsage)
}
``` |
Piedmont University is an unaccredited non-profit Christian institution in Los Angeles. It emphasizes preparation for the evangelical ministry, along with education in traditional Asian medicine. It offers the degree programs of Bachelor of Arts in Theology (B.A. Th.), Master of Arts in Missiology (M.A. Miss.), Master of Arts in Church Music (M.A.C.M), Master of Science in Oriental Medicine (M.S.O.M), and Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.).
History
In 2000, Piedmont University was started as a religious school.
In 2011, Piedmont University started a school of business and management, primarily using distant education, offering a Master's of Business Management (MBA) with concentration of studies in both traditional business subjects but also that of Church Management. Also the University plans to open a program in American Business Culture and English in a traditional classroom format.
The school is not accredited, but its programs were listed in the State of California's Bureau for Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education. The president is J. William Stinde, Ph.D. and the chancellor and CEO is Rev. Dr. Sooueng Gan, Th.D., D.D.
See also
List of unaccredited institutions of higher learning
Higher education accreditation
References
External links
University web site
Education in Los Angeles
Educational institutions established in 2000
Unaccredited Christian universities and colleges in the United States
Unaccredited institutions of higher learning in California
2000 establishments in California |
Harold Griffin may refer to:
Harold Griffin (American football), American football player
Harold Griffin, winner of the Rhodes Scholarship
Harold Griffin, actor in The Luck of the Irish
See also
Harry Griffin (disambiguation)
Harold Griffen, American football player |
Elihu Lyman Phillips (February 16, 1800January 10, 1884) was an American businessman, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing Fond du Lac County during the 1860 and 1861 sessions, and earlier represented Onondaga County, New York, in the New York State Assembly during the 1846 session. His name was often abbreviated as
Biography
New York career
Elihu Phillips was born in Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, in February 1800. He was raised and educated in that area, and at age 16 went to work in a store of owned by Amos P. Granger in Syracuse, New York. After a few years, he returned to Manlius and worked in his brother's store for several years until he was ready to begin his own mercantile business.
He also became active in local politics as a member of the Whig Party. In 1836, he was designated a commissioner for the establishment of the Syracuse and Utica Railroad. In 1837, he was elected sheriff of Onondaga County. Finally, he was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1845, to serve in the 1846 session. While living in New York, he was also involved in the state militia and held the rank of colonel.
Through the 1840s, Phillips was active in contracting. He was contracted to build a 60 mile stretch of railroad in western New York. In the year after his election to the New York Assembly, he was appointed canal appraiser and served two years in that role. Afterward he took another railroad contract, building a stretch of the Ohio and Mississippi Railway in Ohio.
Wisconsin career
In 1852, he and his brother moved west to Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, and settled on farms in the town of Empire. Phillips tended to his farms for about 15 years, then moved his main residence into the city of Fond du Lac, and left his farms in the hands of tenants for the rest of his life.
He quickly became involved in politics with the Republican Party, after it was created in 1854, and was elected president of the County Republican convention in 1855. In 1859, he was nearly nominated for Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin at the Republican state convention. He led in the first two rounds of balloting, falling 8 votes short of a majority in both votes. In the third round, Butler Noble overtook Phillips and secured the nomination. Phillips subsequently received the Republican nomination for Wisconsin Senate in the 20th Senate district, which then comprised just his home county of He defeated Democrat D. E. Hoskins in the general election and went on to serve in the 1860 and 1861 legislative sessions.
He did not run for re-election in 1861, and was subsequently appointed provost marshal of the Fond du Lac district under the Enrollment Act, in the midst of the American Civil War. Among Wisconsin districts, Phillips had an outstanding record at enrolling volunteers and conscripts for the Union Army.
In the later part of the decade, Phillips secured a charter for the Fond du Lac Savings Bank and served two years as president of the bank.
He died at his home in Fond du Lac on January 10, 1884. He was in poor health and withdrawn from society for several years before his death.
Personal life and family
Phillips worked closely with his brother, Lyman, for much of his life.
Elihu Phillips was married twice. He married Harriet Tousley in 1825, but she died just six months later. In 1828, he married Eleanor Jones, who died in 1838. With his second wife, he had three children, but none survived him: two died in childhood and the third at age 22.
His closest remaining relative at his death was his niece, Susan, a daughter of Lyman Phillips, who was then the wife of Edward Colman. Susan and her husband escorted his body back to Syracuse, New York, for burial.
References
1800 births
1884 deaths
People from Manlius, New York
Politicians from Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
New York (state) sheriffs
Members of the New York State Assembly
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
19th-century American politicians
Wisconsin pioneers |
Trampa de Amor (English: Love Trap) is the original first album by the bachata music group Aventura, when they use to call themselves Los Tinellers (Los Teenagers). It was named after the song with the same name. It was released under Elca Productions & Rincón Musical. Seven of the ten tracks are the original versions of some of the group's songs. One of the songs, "Por Tu Orgullo (Because Of Your Pride)", was added to God's Project. The other six were added to Generation Next. These seven songs were added to these two albums with each of them being more modern remakes. The other 3 tracks were never put in other albums nor ever had a re-make.
Background
The group met Elvin Polanco during the 1995 Bronx Dominican parade. Polanco was the coordinator of that parade at the time so Anthony and Lenny approached him to ask if he could give them a chance to perform on stage for the parade. Polanco was so impressed with their performance that he decided to become their manager to help the group in their pursuit of a music career. Polanco spend a few month trying to find an investor. He met Carlos Dalmasi, who was the leader of Dominican merengue group Los Paymasi. He help out trying to find an investor, but was also unsuccessful. This led to Polanco to use $5,000 dollars out of his saving, which he was originally going to use to buy his mother property, to invest in at least record two to three songs. This would also lead to Dalmasi and Polanco to created their own independent record label called Elca Productions. The name came from the first two letters of their the first names, Elvin and Carlos.
With the money to start making the first three songs, Polanco worked with Dominican bachata musician Nelson Herrera, who was working with Polanco at the time, as he asked him to help him create songs for the group. Later on, Polanco and Dalmasi made more money from other artist they were working with and along with Herrera made seven other songs, thus competing the creation of the album. Polanco said in an interview that he had spent a total of $11,000 to $12,000 dollars. The album was titled Trampa de Amor, because Polanco thought it was the a beautiful name. The band wanted the album to be called Cuando Volveras, which later on became their debut single, to be the title, but Polanco thought his choice was better and the group at the end agreed.
Album cover
The album cover only featured Romeo and Lenny. This is because Henry and Mikey were late to the photo session due to getting stuck in train traffic. Elvin Polanco, who was in charge of the group at the time, mentioned this in an interview. He also mentioned that since the photo session was too expensive for them at the time, they did not have more money to pay the photographer for an extra hour. So he decided to only have the two members that were there. The other members agreed with the decision to release the production with only Romeo and Lenny on the cover because they were on the rush to release the album and the fact that they could not afford another photo session. Henry and Mikey were members of the group regardless of the album cover situation.
Track listing
References
External links
Aventura official site
Album Page From Buena Musica
1995 debut albums
Aventura (band) albums |
Stephen L. Vargo is an American academic in the field of marketing, currently serving as a professor at the University of Oklahoma.
Background
Vargo has an MS degree in social psychology and a PhD in Marketing. He has previously worked or taught at the University of Maryland, the University of California Riverside, the University of Cambridge, the University of Auckland, Karlstad University, and the University of Hawai'i.
Career
Research
Vargo’s primary areas of research are marketing theory and thought, service dominant logic (marketing), and consumers’ evaluative reference scales. He has had articles published in the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, the Journal of Service Research, the Journal of Retailing, the Journal of Macromarketing, and other major marketing journals and books, including, The Service Dominant Logic of Marketing: Dialog, Debate, and Directions, and The Sage Handbook on Service-Dominant Logic, which he co-edited and Service-Dominant Logic: Premises, Perspectives, Possibilities, which he coauthored..
Editorial positions
Vargo currently serves on the editorial review boards of the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Service Research, the Australasian Marketing Journal, and the Journal of Service Management and Service Science. He has also served as co-editor of a special issue of the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, as well as editor of special issues in other leading journals such as European Journal of Marketing and Marketing Theory and MIS Quarterly.
Publications
Vargo, Stephen L. and Lusch, Robert F. (2004) ‘Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing’, Journal of Marketing 68 (January): 1 – 17.
Vargo, Stephen L. and Lusch, Robert F. (2008) “Service-Dominant Logic: Continuing the Evolution,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 36, 1-10.
Vargo, Stephen L. and Lusch, Robert F. (2011) “It's all B2B…and beyond: Toward a systems perspective of the market,” Industrial Marketing Management 40, 181-187.
Vargo, Stephen L. and Robert F. Lusch (2016), “Institutions and Axioms: An Extension and Update Of Service-Dominant Logic,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 5-23 (DOI: 10.1007/s11747-015-0456-3)
Vargo, Stephen L. and Robert F. Lusch (2019), Sage Handbook of Service-Dominant Logic, London: Sage.
External links
Oklahoma University bio
CV
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Stephen Vargo
Service-Dominant Logic Website
Selected Publications on Service-Dominant Logic
Living people
University of Hawaiʻi faculty
1945 births
American business theorists
Marketing people
Marketing theorists
American marketing people |
```python
import os
import unittest
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from email.utils import formataddr
from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings, tag
from anymail.exceptions import AnymailAPIError
from anymail.message import AnymailMessage
from .utils import AnymailTestMixin, sample_image_path
ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_API_KEY = os.getenv("ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_API_KEY")
ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_TEMPLATE_ID = os.getenv("ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_TEMPLATE_ID")
ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_DOMAIN = os.getenv("ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_DOMAIN")
@tag("sendgrid", "live")
@unittest.skipUnless(
ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_API_KEY and ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_DOMAIN,
"Set ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_API_KEY and ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_DOMAIN "
"environment variables to run SendGrid integration tests",
)
@override_settings(
ANYMAIL_SENDGRID_API_KEY=ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_API_KEY,
ANYMAIL_SENDGRID_SEND_DEFAULTS={
"esp_extra": {
"mail_settings": {"sandbox_mode": {"enable": True}},
}
},
EMAIL_BACKEND="anymail.backends.sendgrid.EmailBackend",
)
class SendGridBackendIntegrationTests(AnymailTestMixin, SimpleTestCase):
"""
SendGrid v3 API integration tests
These tests run against the **live** SendGrid API, using the
environment variable `ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_API_KEY` as the API key
If those variables are not set, these tests won't run.
The SEND_DEFAULTS above force SendGrid's v3 sandbox mode, which avoids sending mail.
(Sandbox sends also don't show in the activity feed, so disable that for live
debugging.)
The tests also use SendGrid's "sink domain" @sink.sendgrid.net for recipient
addresses.
path_to_url
"""
def setUp(self):
super().setUp()
self.from_email = "from@%s" % ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_DOMAIN
self.message = AnymailMessage(
"Anymail SendGrid integration test",
"Text content",
self.from_email,
["to@sink.sendgrid.net"],
)
self.message.attach_alternative("<p>HTML content</p>", "text/html")
def test_simple_send(self):
# Example of getting the SendGrid send status and message id from the message
sent_count = self.message.send()
self.assertEqual(sent_count, 1)
anymail_status = self.message.anymail_status
sent_status = anymail_status.recipients["to@sink.sendgrid.net"].status
message_id = anymail_status.recipients["to@sink.sendgrid.net"].message_id
self.assertEqual(sent_status, "queued") # SendGrid always queues
self.assertUUIDIsValid(message_id) # Anymail generates a UUID tracking id
# set of all recipient statuses:
self.assertEqual(anymail_status.status, {sent_status})
self.assertEqual(anymail_status.message_id, message_id)
def test_all_options(self):
send_at = datetime.now().replace(microsecond=0) + timedelta(minutes=2)
message = AnymailMessage(
subject="Anymail all-options integration test",
body="This is the text body",
from_email=formataddr(("Test From, with comma", self.from_email)),
to=["to1@sink.sendgrid.net", '"Recipient 2, OK?" <to2@sink.sendgrid.net>'],
cc=["cc1@sink.sendgrid.net", "Copy 2 <cc2@sink.sendgrid.net>"],
bcc=["bcc1@sink.sendgrid.net", "Blind Copy 2 <bcc2@sink.sendgrid.net>"],
reply_to=['"Reply, with comma" <reply@example.com>', "reply2@example.com"],
headers={"X-Anymail-Test": "value", "X-Anymail-Count": 3},
metadata={"meta1": "simple string", "meta2": 2},
send_at=send_at,
tags=["tag 1", "tag 2"],
track_clicks=True,
track_opens=True,
# this breaks activity feed if you don't have an asm group:
# esp_extra={'asm': {'group_id': 1}},
)
message.attach("attachment1.txt", "Here is some\ntext for you", "text/plain")
message.attach("attachment2.csv", "ID,Name\n1,Amy Lina", "text/csv")
cid = message.attach_inline_image_file(sample_image_path())
message.attach_alternative(
"<p><b>HTML:</b> with <a href='path_to_url"
"and image: <img src='cid:%s'></div>" % cid,
"text/html",
)
message.send()
# SendGrid always queues:
self.assertEqual(message.anymail_status.status, {"queued"})
def test_merge_data(self):
message = AnymailMessage(
subject="Anymail merge_data test: %field%",
body="This body includes merge data: %field%",
from_email=formataddr(("Test From", self.from_email)),
to=["to1@sink.sendgrid.net", "Recipient 2 <to2@sink.sendgrid.net>"],
reply_to=['"Merge data in reply name: %field%" <reply@example.com>'],
merge_data={
"to1@sink.sendgrid.net": {"field": "one"},
"to2@sink.sendgrid.net": {"field": "two"},
},
esp_extra={
"merge_field_format": "%{}%",
},
metadata={"meta1": "simple string", "meta2": 2},
merge_metadata={
"to1@sink.sendgrid.net": {"meta3": "recipient 1"},
"to2@sink.sendgrid.net": {"meta3": "recipient 2"},
},
headers={
"List-Unsubscribe-Post": "List-Unsubscribe=One-Click",
"List-Unsubscribe": "<mailto:unsubscribe@example.com>",
},
merge_headers={
"to1@sink.sendgrid.net": {
"List-Unsubscribe": "<path_to_url",
},
"to2@sink.sendgrid.net": {
"List-Unsubscribe": "<path_to_url",
},
},
)
message.send()
recipient_status = message.anymail_status.recipients
self.assertEqual(recipient_status["to1@sink.sendgrid.net"].status, "queued")
self.assertEqual(recipient_status["to2@sink.sendgrid.net"].status, "queued")
@unittest.skipUnless(
ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_TEMPLATE_ID,
"Set the ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_TEMPLATE_ID environment variable "
"to a template in your SendGrid account to test stored templates",
)
def test_stored_template(self):
message = AnymailMessage(
from_email=formataddr(("Test From", self.from_email)),
to=["to@sink.sendgrid.net"],
# Anymail's live test template has
# merge fields "name", "order_no", and "dept"...
template_id=ANYMAIL_TEST_SENDGRID_TEMPLATE_ID,
merge_data={
"to@sink.sendgrid.net": {
"name": "Test Recipient",
"order_no": "12345",
},
},
merge_global_data={"dept": "Fulfillment"},
)
message.send()
self.assertEqual(message.anymail_status.status, {"queued"})
@override_settings(ANYMAIL_SENDGRID_API_KEY="Hey, that's not an API key!")
def test_invalid_api_key(self):
with self.assertRaises(AnymailAPIError) as cm:
self.message.send()
err = cm.exception
self.assertEqual(err.status_code, 401)
# Make sure the exception message includes SendGrid's response:
self.assertIn("authorization grant is invalid", str(err))
``` |
```javascript
/**
* Simple service to return configuration for generic list. This service contains only
* getter methods that all list views uses in Boilerplate frontend application.
*
* So generally you change these getter methods and changes are affected to all list
* views on application.
*
* @todo text translations
*/
(function () {
'use strict';
angular.module('frontend.core.services')
.factory('ListConfig', [
'_', 'DialogService', '$log', 'AuthService','MessageService',
function factory(_, DialogService, $log, AuthService, MessageService) {
/**
* List title item configuration.
*/
let titleItems = {
service: [
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'host',
column: 'host',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'extras.tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
route: [
{
title: 'name / id',
column: 'id',
width: 100,
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'hosts',
column: 'hosts',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'service',
column: 'service',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'paths',
column: 'paths',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
api: [
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'upstream url',
column: 'upstream_url',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
consumerApi: [
{
title: 'name',
width: 200,
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
consumerACLs: [
{
title: 'group',
column: 'group',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
consumerService: [
{
title: 'name',
width: 200,
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'host',
column: 'host',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
consumerRoute: [
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'hosts',
column: 'hosts',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'service',
column: 'service',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'paths',
column: 'paths',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
target: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'target',
column: 'target',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'weight',
column: 'weight'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
upstream: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'slots',
column: 'slots'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
upstreamAlert: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'Upstream',
column: 'upstream_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Connection',
column: 'connection'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
kongnode: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'type',
column: 'type',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'kong admin url',
column: 'kong_admin_url',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'kong version',
column: 'kong_version'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
},
],
consumerWithCreds: [
{
title: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'username',
column: 'username',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'custom_id',
column: 'custom_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Matching Credentials',
column: 'plugins',
searchable: true,
sortable: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: '',
hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('consumers', 'delete'),
column: false,
width: 1
},
],
consumer: [
{
title: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'username',
column: 'username',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'custom_id',
column: 'custom_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: '',
hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('consumers', 'delete'),
column: false,
width: 1
},
],
user: [
//{
// title: '#',
// width : 1
//},
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'username',
column: 'username',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'first name',
column: 'firstName',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'last name',
column: 'lastName',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: 'updated',
column: 'updatedAt',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: '',
hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('users', 'delete'),
column: '',
width: 1
},
],
snapshot: [
//{
// title: 'id',
// column: 'id',
// searchable: true,
// sortable: true,
// inSearch: true,
// inTitle: true
//},
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'node',
column: 'kong_node_name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created at',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
snapshotschedule: [
{
title: 'connection',
column: 'connection',
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Schedule',
column: 'cron',
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created at',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
plugin: [
{
title: 'Name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'scope',
column: 'scope',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'apply to',
column: 'item_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true,
},
{
title: 'Consumer',
column: 'consumer_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Created',
column: 'created_at',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: false,
sortable: false,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
}
],
certificate: [
{
title: 'id',
column: 'id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags ',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'snis',
column: 'snis',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Created',
column: 'created_at',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: false,
sortable: false,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
}
],
userlogin: [
{
title: 'IP-address',
column: 'ip',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Browser',
column: 'browser',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Operating System',
column: 'os',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Username',
column: false,
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: false,
sortable: false,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Login time',
column: 'createdAt',
class: 'col-xs-4',
searchable: false,
sortable: true,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
}
],
"cluster.nodes": [
{
title: 'Status',
column: 'status',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Address',
column: 'address',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
hc: [
{
title: '',
column: 'active',
sortable: true
},
{
title: 'api',
column: 'api.name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'hc endpoint',
column: 'health_check_endpoint',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'notification endpoint',
column: 'notification_endpoint',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Created',
column: 'created_at',
class: 'col-xs-2',
sortable: false
}
],
};
let defaultLimit = 1000;
return {
defaultLimit: defaultLimit,
getConfig: function getConfig(property, model) {
return {
itemCount: 0,
items: [],
itemsFetchSize: defaultLimit,
itemsPerPage: 25,
titleItems: this.getTitleItems(property),
itemsPerPageOptions: [10, 25, 50, 100],
currentPage: 1,
sort: {
column: 'created_at',
direction: true,
},
filters: {
searchWord: '',
columns: this.getTitleItems(property)
},
where: {},
loading: true,
loaded: false,
handleErrors: function (err) {
model.scope.errors = {}
if (err.data && err.data.body) {
Object.keys(err.data.body).forEach(function (key) {
model.scope.errors[key] = err.data.body[key]
})
}
},
changeSort: function changeSort(item) {
var sort = model.scope.sort;
if (sort.column === item.column) {
sort.direction = !sort.direction;
} else {
sort.column = item.column;
sort.direction = true;
}
},
deleteItem: function deleteItem($index, item) {
DialogService.confirm(
"Confirm", "Really want to delete the selected item?",
['No don\'t', 'Yes! delete it'],
function accept() {
model.delete(item.id || item.name)
.then(function (res) {
var context = model.scope.items.data || model.scope.items;
context.splice(context.indexOf(item), 1);
}, function (err) {
$log.error("ListConfigService : Model delete failed => ", err)
MessageService.error('Something went wrong! ' + _.get(err,'data.body.message',""))
});
}, function decline() {
});
}
};
},
/**
* Getter method for lists title items. These are defined in the 'titleItems'
* variable.
*
* @param {String} model Name of the model
*
* @returns {Array}
*/
getTitleItems: function getTitleItems(model) {
return _.isUndefined(titleItems[model]) ? [] : titleItems[model];
}
};
}
])
;
}());
``` |
Andrew Lambdin Moore (born 26 March, 1957) is an American photographer and filmmaker known for large format color photographs of Detroit, Cuba, Russia, the American High Plains, and New York's Times Square theaters. Moore's photographs employ the formal vocabularies of architectural and landscape photography and the narrative approaches of documentary photography and journalism to detail remnants of societies in transition. His photographic essays have been published in monographs, anthologies, and magazines including The New York Times Magazine, Time, The New Yorker, National Geographic, Harper's Magazine, The New York Review of Books, Fortune, Wired, and Art in America. Moore's video work has been featured on PBS and MTV; his feature-length documentary about the artist Ray Johnson, How to Draw a Bunny, won the Special Jury Prize at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival. Moore teaches in the MFA Photography, Video and Related Media program at the School of Visual Arts in New York.
Early life
Andrew Lambdin Moore, born March 26, 1957, grew up in Old Greenwich, Connecticut. His father Sydney Hart Moore, was a commercial architect, and his mother Patricia Lambdin Moore, was an editor at the New York Graphic Society, a fine art publisher. Moore's parents supported his early interest in photography; his father built him an attic darkroom and his mother introduced him to the works of Peter Beard, whose book, Eyelids of the Morning, a study of Nile crocodiles on Lake Rudolf, was being published by NYGS. Beard learned of Moore's interest in photography and signed two prints to him from this series. Moore is related to the Victorian era artists George Cochran Lambdin, known for his paintings of flowers, and Alfred A. Hart, an official photographer for the Central Pacific Railroad, who documented the construction of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad.
In 1975, Moore enrolled at Princeton University, where he worked on an independent major in photography under the guidance and mentorship of the historian Peter Bunnell and the photographer Emmet Gowin, who at the time, was completing his first monograph. During that time, Moore also had the benefit of working with visiting artists including Frederick Sommer, Jim Dow, and Joel Meyerowitz. Moore graduated summa cum laude in 1979.
Early career
After a brief stint working with commercial photographers in New York City, Moore moved to New Orleans, where he continued a body of work first started for his senior thesis. Over the next two years, he focused on the city's disappearing commercial district, where he found subjects such as a coffin workshop, a broom factory, and a raw furrier–places employing artisans and out-dated machinery. The New Orleans Downtown Development District awarded Moore a grant which enabled him to produce a portfolio of one-hundred 8x10 color contact prints, which were placed in the city's archives.
In 1981, Moore returned to New York City, where he began a three-year project documenting the rapid changes to the urban landscape, specifically at the South Street Seaport and Fulton Fish Market in lower Manhattan. At the start of his project, demolition for the present marketplace and shopping pier was just getting under way. Moore returned many times over the following months, often photographing at night to portray the architecture and ambiance of the surrounding neighborhood amidst massive, rapid transformation. For this work, Moore and two other photographers, Barbara Mensch and Jeff Perkell, were awarded grants from the JM Kaplan Foundation, and the New York State Council on the Arts, which enabled the completed project, "South Street Survey" to be shown at the Municipal Art Society in 1985.
During this time, Moore was also working on a series of photographs of grain elevators in Buffalo, New York with the assistance of a NYSCA individual grant. In Buffalo, Moore met a group of artists working with appropriated imagery, which inspired him to begin using mechanical and chemical processes to incorporate multiple negatives, paintings, drawings, and xeroxes into complex montage images outside of strict documentary practice. This method of recombination, in the era before Photoshop, created images of "convulsive beauty" and were the subject of Moore's first solo exhibition in New York at Lieberman and Saul Gallery in 1986, following his first solo show at Real Art Ways in Hartford, CT in 1985.
Moore continued this method of montaging imagery for the next 7 years, expanding his practice into experimental short films. During this time, Moore collaborated on short films with others including the artists Lee Breuer and David Byrne. His film "Nosferatu" 1989 was nationally broadcast on MTV and PBS's New Television series.
Mid-career
42nd Street
In 1995, Moore returned to his roots in documentary practice as the texture of New York's 42nd Street was rapidly changing. With all of the theaters between 7th and 8th avenues scheduled to be razed or refurbished, Moore sought permission to photograph the torn seats and faded fire curtains which told the stories of those spaces. In 1997, Moore showed these photographs at Yancey Richardson Gallery in New York. Despite his change of style, the work was well received; in a review for The New Yorker, Andrew Long noted, "The straight forward treatment is a departure for the photographer, who characteristically produces multi-image evocations of New York City. Nothing is lost however— his earlier poetic constructs now give way to broader arenas for the imagination to roam."
Cuba
Moore first traveled to Cuba in 1998 to photograph Havana's decaying theaters. The project soon expanded in scope to document the larger effects of Cuba's permanent Revolution, which were particularly apparent during the economic depression known as the "Período especial." Moore's large-scale color photographs of Havana reveal an elegant but crumbling metropolis of muted pastel interiors, courtyards, and scenes of daily life. Moore returned to photograph Cuba's architecture and environment over the next 14 years, in the process publishing two monographs Inside Havana (Chronicle Books, 2002) and Cuba (Damiani, 2012). Moore has said his work intends to show, "how contemporary history, and specifically cultures in transition, are expressed through architecture." The photographer Julius Shulman wrote of Inside Havana, "Exhibited throughout Moore's work is a genuine flavor of ‘presence'. He does not attempt to gloss over questionable conditions, nor does he try to contort reality. With tremendous sensitivity, Moore creates art statements of the architecture he shows us. His images are painterly and poetic." Moore's photographs from Cuba appeared as a cover story in the September 23, 2012 issue of The New York Times Magazine.
Russia
While working in Cuba, Moore became interested in the island nation's long relationship with Russia. This led him to photograph the architectural environments where Russian history and politics collide in unexpected ways. Between 2000 and 2004 Moore made 8 trips around Russia from St. Petersburg to the remotest parts of the country. The New Yorker wrote of the work, "in taking Russia–its contradictions and gorgeous ruins–at face value, he captures a country's diversity and history." For example, Moore photographed a "czarist church [that] was turned into a soap factory during the Soviet period, and now has been restored into a kind of youth center." Moore remarked, "For me these kinds of subjects present a cross section through time: they address Russia's complex past, as well as the larger compacting and collapsing processes of contemporary history." In 2004, Moore published the monograph Russia Beyond Utopia (Chronicle Books, 2004).
How to Draw a Bunny
From 1995 to 2001, Moore produced and photographed the film How to Draw a Bunny: A Ray Johnson Portrait, a collage-style feature-length documentary about the Detroit-born pop and performance artist Ray Johnson. Moore worked with the director and editor John Walter to delve into the mysterious life and death of Johnson, an artist whose "world was made up of amazing coincidences, serendipities and karmic gags," according to Michael Kimmelman of The New York Times. After Johnson's suicide, Moore and Walter conducted interviews with artists including Christo, Chuck Close, Roy Lichtenstein, Judith Malina, and James Rosenquist. In addition, they gathered photographs, works of art, and home movies, which were edited into a fast-paced narrative exploring the artist's life. The filmmakers "couldn't have chosen a more elusive subject for a movie; their success in evoking Johnson, and in documenting his world, is a triumph of sympathy over psychology, memory over historicism," wrote Stuart Klawans for The Nation. The film premiered at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Special Jury Prize. The film also won the Grand Prix du Public 2002 at the Rencontres Internationales de Cinema in Paris and was nominated for a 2003 Independent Spirit Award and listed in New York Magazine'''s "Top Ten of 2004."
Detroit
In 2008 and 2009, Moore traveled to Detroit to portray in photographs "the idea that in an urban setting you could also have a landscape happening, the forces of nature intersecting with American urbanism, the process of decline also intersecting with the revival of nature." In 2010, Moore released Detroit Disassembled (Damiani, 2010), with an introduction by Detroit-native and Poet Laureate Philip Levine, to coincide with an exhibition at the Akron Art Museum. He was originally invited to document the city by two young French photographers, Yves Marchand and Romain Meffre, who had been photographing Detroit's abandoned spaces since 2005. While Moore's Detroit series follows the themes of transformation and decaying space explored in previous bodies of work, his focus on the motor city generated controversy in the pages of The New Republic and the journal Guernica. The photographs were decried as "ruin porn," which Mike Rubin defined in The New York Times as "urban decay as empty cliché, smacking of voyeurism and exploitation." Curator Sarah Kennel writes in The Memory of Time, an exhibition catalog from the National Gallery of Art, that, "in Moore's photographs, ruination serves more explicitly as an allegory of modernity's failure." Other critics argue that whether or not Moore's Detroit photographs fit the category of "ruin porn" is a matter of academic debate. Joseph Stanhope Cialdella argues in the journal Environmental History that Moore's work instead conveys the "aesthetic of a postindustrial sublime" which "gives nature the authority to transform the image of Detroit into a novel, yet disturbing landscape that blurs the lines between wilderness and the city." Dora Apel writes in Beautiful Terrible Ruins that Moore's "pictures of Detroit tend to emphasize the relationship of nature and culture, with nature in the ascendancy." Apel ultimately argues that the "ruin porn" images and debate fail to focus on the political and economic policies that are the root causes of the ruins.
Dirt Meridian
From 2005 to 2014, Moore photographed the people and landscape of "great American Desert," which roughly includes the area west of the 100th meridian to the Rocky Mountains, from Texas north to Canada. The area is one of the most sparsely populated regions in the country, "where the daily reality is often defined by drought and hardship." To make many of the photographs, Moore collaborated with Doug Dean, the pilot of a single-engine aircraft, to create bird's-eye perspectives revealing the vastness of the land. Rather than flying high above the plains, Moore chose perspectives that have "the sense of being within the landscape rather than above it." For an essay accompanying Moore's photographs in The New York Times Magazine, Inara Verzemnieks wrote, "From above, the land is like one endless, unpunctuated idea — sand, tumbleweed, turkey, bunch stem, buffalo, meadow, cow, rick of hay, creek, sunflower, sand — and only rarely did a house or a windmill or a barn suddenly appear to suspend the sense of limitlessness." On the ground, Moore photographed the people who inhabit this unforgiving landscape and the evidence of their efforts, from active homesteads to abandoned schoolhouses. These photographs are published in Moore's newest monograph: Dirt Meridian (Damiani, 2015).
Teaching
Since 2004, Moore has taught a graduate seminar in the MFA Photography, Video, and Related Media program at the School of Visual Arts in New York City. He lectured on photography at Princeton University from 2001 to 2010.
Personal life
Moore lives in New York City with his wife, two daughters, and son.
Publications
Inside Havana. San Francisco: Chronicle, 2002. .
Governors Island: Photographs By Lisa Kereszi & Andrew Moore. New York: Public Art Fund, 2004. .
Russia Beyond Utopia. San Francisco: Chronicle, 2005. .
Cuba. Bologna, Italy: Damiani, 2012. .
Detroit Disassembled. Bologna, Italy: Damiani, 2010. .
Making History. Terre Haute, IN: Indiana State University, 2011.
Dirt Meridian. Bologna, Italy: Damiani, 2015. .
Blue Alabama. Bologna, Italy: Damiani, 2019. .
Films
Nosferatu (1991) – short film, scored by Eliot Sokolov; selected for MTV's Artbreaks series, and WGBH-TV's New Television Chiaroscuro (1994)
La Dolce Vito: A Profile of the artist Vito Acconci (1995) – City Arts, Thirteen-WNET; about Vito Acconci
Edison, The Wizard of Electricity (1995) – director of photography; directed by John Walter for American Experience series
Director of Photography for Supermarket (1995) – directed by David Byrne
Flight Sequence for Peter and Wendy (1996) – a Mabou Mines Production, directed by Lee Breuer
How to Draw a Bunny'' (1996) – producer/director of photography
Awards
1981 National Endowment for the Humanities, Youth Grant
1982 Finalist, Prix de Jeunes Photographes, Arles, France
1983 NYSCA, Sponsored Project
1984 NYSCA, Exhibition Grant
1985 The Kaplan Fund
1995 Black Maria Festival, Director's Citation Award
1996 Cissy Patterson Foundation Grant
1997 Judith Rothschild Foundation Grant
2002 Sundance Film Festival, Special Jury Prize
2011 Michigan Notable Books Selection
2014 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship
References
External links
Photographers from Connecticut
American contemporary artists
1957 births
20th-century American artists
Living people
People from Old Greenwich, Connecticut |
Project Wonderful was an advertising service created by programmer and webcomic author Ryan North in late 2006. Headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, the service supported up thousands of webcomics and blogs with auctioned online advertisements, until it was shut down in 2018.
Concept and development
In early 2006, Ryan North was talking with a friend about how they severely disliked existing online advertisement services such as Google ads and AdSense, because advertisements on those platforms are priced based on user clicks or displays, and "the Internet isn't really designed to keep track of who clicked where, when, and who viewed what page when." Project Wonderful launched 8 months later.
Rather than paying for clicks, Project Wonderful allowed websites to auction advertisement space. Advertisers were able to bid on a particular ad block on a particular website and, as long as their bid was the highest, they got to decide what is shown on it. Being invite-only, Project Wonderful initially only had a few dozen advertisers participating in the "perpetual auction" of ad space, though this number grew rapidly.
Project Wonderful was built on open source software, coupled with MySQL databases and an Apache front-end. The service was designed specifically for cartoonists, but in turn worked well for any independent website. Implementing new features into Project Wonderful took up most of North's time in the years following its initial release, together with his webcomic Dinosaur Comics.
Usage
Many webcomics, including Awkward Zombie, Loading Artist, Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal, Questionable Content, Qwantz, MS Paint Adventures, Sinfest, and A Softer World used Project Wonderful as an advertising service. The service was used on platforms such as ComicSpace and Graphic Smash immediately after launch. Shaenon Garrity worked on implementing Project Wonderful on the subscription service Modern Tales in 2007. At its peak, Project Wonderful had around 10,000 publishers, of which over 5,000 were webcomics, and about 10 times that many advertisers.
Shutdown
On June 11, 2018, Project Wonderful announced that it would be shutting down on August 1, 2018. North noted the rise of large social media platforms such as Facebook keeping readers within their systems as a cause for the diminishing of the blogosphere. As fewer users visit dozens or hundreds of different websites a day, supporting independent websites with advertisements became more difficult.
References
External links
Project Wonderful, archived on the Wayback Machine
Comicad Network, Project Wonderful claimed successor for "Comics, Art & Games" niche
Advertising agencies of Canada
Online advertising services and affiliate networks
Internet properties established in 2006
Internet properties disestablished in 2018 |
Aeroeste S.A. is a Bolivian charter airline based in El Trompillo Airport. The airline began operations in 1994 and is headquartered in Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Accidents and incidents
On January 8, 2013, a Let L-410 Turbolet (registered CP-2382) received significant damage from a belly landing. There were no injuries reported.
See Also
List of airlines of Bolivia
References
Airlines of Bolivia |
The 2014 Swiss Junior Curling Championships, Switzerland's national Junior curling championships, were held from January 24 to February 2 at the Curlingzentrum Region Basel in Bern, Switzerland.
The winners represented Switzerland at the 2014 World Junior Curling Championships.
8 teams each took part in the men's and women's events.
In the men's final, Yannick Schwaller and his team of Reto Keller, Patrick Witschonke and Michael Probst defeated Team Langenthal-Bern Terratex (Simon Biedermann) 9–6. It's the first title for the team Yannick Schwaller.
In the women's final, Corina Mani and her team of Briar Hürlimann, Rahel Thoma and Tamara Michel defeated Wetzikon-Dübendorf (Elena Stern) 10-9. It's the first title for the team Corina Mani.
Men
Teams
Round-robin standings
Final round-robin standings
teams to Playoffs
Playoffs
Standings
Women
Teams
Round-robin standings
Final round-robin standings
teams to Playoffs
Playoffs
Standings
References
External links
Women's final on Youtube
See also
2014 Swiss Men's Curling Championship
2014 Swiss Women's Curling Championship
2014 Swiss Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
2014 Swiss Wheelchair Curling Championship
Swiss Junior Curling Championships
2014 in curling
Sports competitions in Bern
2014 in Swiss sport
January 2014 sports events in Europe
February 2014 sports events in Europe |
Samur may refer to:
People
Samur Gunj (1380s-c.1455), a daughter of Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan and his senior wife Kobeguntai
Places
Qaleh Samur, a village in Gavork-e Sardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Samur, Azerbaijan, a village and municipality in the Qusar Rayon of Azerbaijan
Samur (river), a river in Azerbaijan and Russia
Samur, Vezirköprü, a village in the Vezirköprü district of Samsun Province, Turkey
Samur–Absheron channel, an irrigation channel in Azerbaijan
Samur-Yalama National Park, a national park of Azerbaijan
Other
Samur languages
FNSS Samur, Turkish amphibious armoured vehicle-launched bridge
SAMUR, an emergency medical service in Spain |
```c++
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
#pragma once
#include <gandiva-glib/gandiva-glib.h>
#include <gandiva-glib/expression.hpp>
#include <gandiva-glib/filter.hpp>
#include <gandiva-glib/node.hpp>
#include <gandiva-glib/projector.hpp>
#include <gandiva-glib/selection-vector.hpp>
``` |
```java
package com.yahoo.document.json.readers;
import com.yahoo.document.PositionDataType;
import com.yahoo.document.datatypes.FieldValue;
import com.yahoo.document.json.TokenBuffer;
import static com.yahoo.document.json.readers.JsonParserHelpers.*;
/**
* @author arnej
*/
public class GeoPositionReader {
static void fillGeoPosition(TokenBuffer buffer, FieldValue positionFieldValue) {
Double latitude = null;
Double longitude = null;
expectObjectStart(buffer.current());
int initNesting = buffer.nesting();
for (buffer.next(); buffer.nesting() >= initNesting; buffer.next()) {
String curName = buffer.currentName();
if ("lat".equals(curName) || "latitude".equals(curName)) {
latitude = readDouble(buffer) * 1.0e6;
} else if ("lng".equals(curName) || "longitude".equals(curName)) {
longitude = readDouble(buffer) * 1.0e6;
} else if ("x".equals(curName)) {
longitude = readDouble(buffer);
} else if ("y".equals(curName)) {
latitude = readDouble(buffer);
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected attribute "+curName+" in geo position field");
}
}
expectObjectEnd(buffer.current());
if (latitude == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing 'lat' attribute in geo position field");
}
if (longitude == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing 'lng' attribute in geo position field");
}
int y = (int) Math.round(latitude);
int x = (int) Math.round(longitude);
var geopos = PositionDataType.valueOf(x, y);
positionFieldValue.assign(geopos);
}
private static double readDouble(TokenBuffer buffer) {
try {
return Double.parseDouble(buffer.currentText());
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected a number but got '" + buffer.currentText());
}
}
}
``` |
For Your Entertainment may refer to:
For Your Entertainment (album), a 2009 album by Adam Lambert
"For Your Entertainment" (song), the title track
f.y.e. (For Your Entertainment), a chain of entertainment media retail stores operated by Trans World Entertainment
"For Your Entertainment", a song by The Charlatans (UK) from Simpatico
"For Your Entertainment", a song by Unwound from Repetition |
The Mark of Cain (also seen as the initialism, TMOC) are an alternative metal band from Adelaide, South Australia. Their style has been likened to that of Helmet and Rollins Band, yet this band pre-dates both groups and was influenced by the early work of Joy Division, Big Black and United States hardcore groups. The Mark of Cain were formed in mid-1984 by brothers, John (guitar) and Kim Scott (bass guitar), with Rod Archer on vocals and Gavin Atkinson playing drums. Before long, Archer had left the group and John Scott took on the lead vocal role and the group has remained a trio ever since. The Scotts have been the core of the band which has featured 15 different drummers. Since January 2001, former Helmet member John Stanier has been their drummer; he is also concurrently with Tomahawk and Battles. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described the group's sound as "Gloomy, monotonous vocals and bleak slabs of metallic guitar did battle over a lurching rhythm section to arrive at a harsh sound." Rod Archer died on 26 February 2016. 2019 marks the 30th Anniversary of the release of the Battlesick album. A major national tour is planned to celebrate the occasion. Eli Green again tours with the band fulfilling the drumming duties.
History
1984–1989: Formation and Battlesick
The Mark of Cain were formed as a punk rock group in Adelaide in mid-1984 by Rod Archer on lead vocals; Gavin Atchison on drums (ex-Spiral Collapse); John Scott on lead guitar (ex-Spiral Collapse) and his younger brother Kim Scott on bass guitar. Their name references the Hermann Hesse's novel, Demian (1919), which in turn recalls the Genesis story regarding the mark of Cain. John had read Demian, which featured " a loner who thought his dark feelings were there for anyone to see as he walked down the street – the Mark of Cain." Atchison and John's earlier group, Spiral Collapse, broke up as John was concentrating on his university course, he also wanted a "new, harder sound" and disliked that band's lead singer. John assisted Kim to develop his bass guitar skill and met Archer at one of Spiral Collapse's last gigs.
Ian McFarlane, an Australian musicologist, described "the band's penchant for militaristic imagery and lyric themes (to say nothing of the members' close-cropped, marine-styled looks) only added to the sense of desperation and solitude displayed in the band's music." By the end of 1985 Archer had left and John Scott added lead vocals to his guitar work. They replaced Archison with a succession of drummers: David Graham, Roger Crisp, John Rickert, Neil Guive and then Campbell Robinson by late 1988. During 1987 they supported an Adelaide gig by United States group, Big Black, during their Australian tour.
The band's first release was a single, "The Lords of Summer", issued on Sydney label, Phantom Records, in September 1988. It was co-produced by the group with Anthony Bannister and was recorded at Adelaide's Soundtrack Australia studios in January of that year. They covered two tracks by former Phantom groups, "Journey by Sledge" (the Visitors) and "Seein' Double" (Shy Impostors) for a gig give-away album, Assorted Desecrations and Magnificent Mutations, in October, by various artists, to celebrate the label's tenth anniversary. Phantom's owners "had heard something different in the group than what they wanted to deliver, and their progress was periodically interrupted as they kept changing drummers."
The band signed with local label, Dominator Records, which issued their debut album, Battlesick in August 1989. It was co-produced by Stuart Sheldon and the group, which was recorded at Artec Studios, Adelaide in February and March of that year. Patrick Emery of i-94 Bar felt Battlesick was "dominated by the band's Joy Division streak. On 'You Are Alone' John Scott intones in his best Ian Curtis manner while Kim Scott's bass pounds with the relentless precision of artillery session captured on loop." Ox Fanzines Joachim Hiller opined that it "combined gloomy early eighties sounds with brachial, bass-heavy Noiserock."
1990–1995: The Unclaimed Prize and Ill at Ease
Their second album, The Unclaimed Prize, was released in March 1991. It was recorded at Artec Sound Vision Productions during January to May 1990. Emery described how it "opens with the pummelling beat of "Fire in Her Heart", complete with John Scott's semi-demented ranting. It's a style the band built on – and arguably perfected – on its Ill at Ease album released in 1995 ... The lyrics suggest a love song of sorts, yet this is no sappy Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young 'Judy Blue Eyes' folkie-lust. It's as if the warmth and tenderness of the opposite sex merely serves to break down the narrator’s sense of self and internal emotional structure."
Emery opined that the group's "style has been interpreted as misogynist, arrogant, aloof and even just too bloody loud, but its potency has never been questioned, nor the Scott brothers' commitment to duty. If ever there was a musical metaphor for human endurance, its TMOC. This music doesn't date, especially not in the current security-constructed climate." McFarlane felt the album "offered up more sonic blasts of rough-hewn guitar riffs and booming drums." In 1995 the Dominator label issued both albums, Battlesick and The Unclaimed Prize, as a 2× CD set. The Scott brothers, each took sabbaticals from the band during 1990 (John) and 1991 (Kim) to undertake a "work-related project", including travelling to Chicago. In mid-1992 the group reconvened.
Steve Albini (of Big Black) produced their next release, a six-track extended play, Incoming, released in June 1993. Albini had met the Scott brothers back in 1987 when Mark of Cain had supported his group's tour. The EP was the recording debut for Robinson's replacement, Aaron Hewson (ex-Order of Decay, Grunter), who had joined on drums, after the release of their second album, The Unclaimed Prize. The tracks were recorded at Artec Studios and Soundtrack, Adelaide and Chicago Recording Studios, from 1988 to 1991. Early in 1994 the group performed on the Big Day Out tour and followed, in February, with a non-album single, "Tell Me", on the Insipid Vinyl label. McFarlane felt "the band's influences had broadened to include Sonic Youth, Godflesh and Helmet." Dominator released their next EP, The Killer Within, in July 1995. The group had supported a run of international visiting groups, Rollins Band, Fugazi, Helmet, Albini's Shellac, Butthole Surfers, Killdozer, All, Pavement and Primus.
Albini's involvement with the Mark of Cain led to Henry Rollins (of Rollins Band) financing and producing the band's breakthrough album, Ill at Ease (November 1995). It was recorded at Nesci Studios, Adelaide, in July–August of that year. Ill at Ease became the band's first released to chart inside the ARIA top 100, peaking at number 73. It gained wide radio support for the group with national youth broadcaster, Triple J, providing their singles, "First Time" and "LMA" with substantial airplay. Tharunkas reviewer, opined that "LMA" is "One of the weaker songs on an album that's as heavy and intense as a death in the family. Verging very close to a ballad, 'LMA' displays all the trademark MOC stop/start syncopation at a much reduced tempo, showing that beneath the hard and tough engineering bloke exteriors they have sentimental sides." A national tour followed, after which Hewson left and Campbell Robinson returned.
1996–2007 This Is This
In December 1996 the Mark of Cain released, Rock and Roll, a compilation album of remixes of the group's earlier material. McFarlane described the work as comprising "off-kilter remixes" of "band favourites." The group contributed two songs to the soundtrack of the Australian feature film, Idiot Box (1996): "Hindsight" and a cover version of "Degenerate Boy" (originally by early Australian punk band X). The latter track was issued as a single and listed at No. 78 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 1997.
Robinson was replaced by Stuart Baguley on drums in late 1998. Baguley was replaced in turn by John Stanier (ex-Helmet, also member of Tomahawk and Battles) in early 2000. He provided the drumming on the Mark of Cain's next album, This Is This, which was co-produced by Andy Gill of Gang of Four, one of the Mark of Cain's early influences, and Phil McKellar (Grinspoon, Regurgitator, The Cruel Sea). It was released by BMG in mid-2001 with the announcement that Stanier was the band's permanent drummer.
Australian rock music journalist, Ed Nimmervoll, declared it as his Album of the Week for 30 June 2001, explaining "With each album they reach deeper into that well of human darkness, trying to finish what they started... [this] album finds the Scott brothers linking arms with [Stanier]. It's an album that nails home its message, song after song, line after line. 'I never wanted this'. 'One time was too many'. 'I sleep better when I'm alone'. The thoughts of the outsider, which have fascinated literature forever and are at the core of rock and roll. When we lose that, rock and roll will be just entertainment." Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project opined that "[it] sees a more refined anger that is shown in particular by the drumming prowess of new drummer [Stanier], which adds to the intense vocals of John Scott... the sound on this album is clear and crisp, bringing down the line all the bile and angry bits to be expected of the band with many a reeling, robust audio left hook that blasts the listener through the speakers." This is This peaked at number 26 on the ARIA Charts.
2008–present: Songs of the Third and Fifth
The Mark of Cain, with Stanier aboard, commenced recording a new album, Songs of the Third and Fifth at Broadcast Studios (Adelaide, Australia) in February 2008, with engineer Evan James. Mixing commenced in December 2010 in Melbourne with Forrester Savell. In December 2011 its lead single, "Barkhammer", was issued and played on Triple J. A second single, "Heart of Stone", was released in September 2012 and finally the long-awaited album, Songs of the Third and Fifth, appeared on 2 December of that year, through Fuse/Feel Presents, earning favourable reviews. i-94 Bars the Barman described how "TMOC occupies the space where hardcore, punk and metal collide and makes unique with a lyrical heaviness that makes listening to Black Sabbath a Sunday walk in the park."
In March 2013 the band toured Australia with Eli Green on drums, sitting in for Stanier who was unable to tour due to his commitments with US band, Tomahawk. They completed further tours in 2014 and 2015, with Green on drums. Rod Archer, their original vocalist until 1985, died of cancer on 26 February 2016. In June 2015 the group had performed a benefit concert for Archer who was then undergoing chemotherapy.
In July 2019, the band announced a national tour to play Battlesick in its entirety, for its 30th anniversary. A similar tour for 2020 marking the 25th anniversary of Ill At Ease was postponed. In 2022, The Mark of Cain was admitted into the South Australian Music Hall of Fame.
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Extended plays
Singles
Awards and nominations
AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector.
|-
| AIR Awards of 2013
|Songs of the Third and Fifth
| Best Independent Hard Rock or Punk Album
|
|-
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.
!
|-
| 2001 || This is This || Best Rock Album|| ||
|-
Fowler's Live Music Awards
The Fowler's Live Music Awards took place from 2012 to 2014 to "recognise success and achievement over the past 12 months [and] celebrate the great diversity of original live music" in South Australia. Since 2015 they're known as the South Australian Music Awards.
|-
| 2013
| The Mark of Cain
| Best Punk Artist
|
|-
South Australian Music Hall Of Fame
The Mark of Cain has been inducted into the SA Music Hall of Fame, joining The Angels, Cold Chisel and Masters Apprentices as legends of the local music scene.
|-
| 2022
| The Mark of Cain
| Hall Of Fame Inductee
|
|-
References
General
Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality.
Specific
External links
Australian alternative metal musical groups
Musical groups from Adelaide
Musical groups established in 1984
Australian musical trios |
Us Conductors is a debut novel by Canadian writer Sean Michaels. Published in 2014 by Random House in Canada and Tin House in the United States, the novel is a fictionalized account of the relationship between Léon Theremin (also known as Lev Termen), the inventor of the theremin, and Clara Rockmore, the musician regarded as the instrument's first virtuoso player.
The novel was the winner of the 2014 Scotiabank Giller Prize and the 2014 Paragraphe Hugh MacLennan Prize for Fiction at the Quebec Writers' Federation Awards. It was also a shortlisted nominee for the 2015 Amazon.ca First Novel Award, the Canadian Authors Association Award for Fiction, the Community of Literary Magazines and Presses Firecracker Award for Fiction, and the 2016 International Dublin Literary Award.
Plot
The novel is a fictional story telling by Russian scientist Lev Sergeyvich Termen of his own life. While he narrates the account of his life, he is captive inside the boat Stary Bolshevik and locked up inside a cabin taking him to his homeland Russia from New York. He reminisces over the years when he was young and lived in Russia. The fellow intelligent students with him who had interest in science and mathematics would keep him motivated. He developed curiosity in vacuum tubes and over the years he went on to conceptualize and invent the wonderful magic-like musical instrument Theremin in the early 1900s. Theremin becomes popular both in Russia and the United States bringing him wide spread publicity. He moves to United States and lives a life of a public figure. His stay in States is funded by Russian government in return of which he has to work as a secret agent for them. He remains a socially active person on the scenes of New York and Manhattan in 1920s and 30s where new musical life is born. His state of mind is in dilemma between the freedom and attractive life of America as against to his love and devotion to Russia. He falls in love with the musician and young violinist Clara Rockmore.
When Termen reaches Russia, he find it a completely changed country from the one that he had in his memories. He is deported to a jail in Siberia. He faces the harsh Gulag system during Stalin's rule. After a term in work camp of Siberia he is shifted to a secret laboratory where he keeps missing his love and is employed to develop an eavesdropping device to use against America as well as Stalin.
Development and publishing
Us Conductors is Michaels' debut novel, a fictionalized account of the relationship between Léon Theremin and Clara Rockmore. He is better known for his MP3 blog Said the Gramophone, founded in 2003. In 2009, Time Magazine ranked the blog as one of the twenty-five best blogs in the world. He has published various articles on music in a variety of publications and in 2015 was music columnist for The Globe and Mail. The novel was edited by Anne Collins and Meg Storey. It was published by Random House of Canada in Canada on April 8, 2014, and later by Tin House in the United States on June 10, 2014. Notable people like composer George Jacob Gershwin, scientist Albert Einstein, pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff, musician Glenn Miller, and politician Lavrentiy Beria find mention in the novel.
Reception
Upon publication, the novel received mixed to favourable reviews. Kirkus Reviews appreciated Michaels for showing "exceptional poise and command in his debut novel" and mentioned that "both the voice and the stories it tells transcend the dusty contrivances of much historical fiction, resulting in a novel that feels both fresh and timeless." For Orlando Bird of The Telegraph, the novel has "extraordinary stories" which are "worth retelling" but "the results are mixed ... [and] can make for unsatisfying reading", as "the fiction has a hard time adding much fascination to the bare facts".
Lucy Sussex of The Sydney Morning Herald mentions that "[the novel] is problematic in places, but then so is its subject" and adds that "Us Conductors is one of those books that improves as it goes on." Brendan Canning, a founding member of the band Broken Social Scene, appreciates Michaels for "delving into Termen's one true obsession, Clara, reflecting his never-ending inner dialogue with her that continues for days, months, years." and calls it as "a novel of epic proportions". Matthew Adams writing for The National compares the novel with Vladimir Nabokov's 1947 novel Bend Sinister and calls it "a debut that is charming, amusing, often deeply affecting".
Awards
Michaels won the Scotiabank Giller Prize for this debut novel. The prize included a cash remuneration of $100,000. The jury for the award were Canadian author Shauna Singh Baldwin, British novelist Justin Cartwright, and American writer Francine Prose. Michaels was nominated for the award along with David Bezmozgis (The Betrayers), Frances Itani (Tell), Heather O'Neill (The Girl Who Was Saturday Night), Miriam Toews (All My Puny Sorrows), and Padma Viswanathan (The Ever After of Ashwin Rao). The citation for the award reads that "he succeeds at one of the hardest things a writer can do: he makes music seem to sing from the pages of a novel." In his acceptance speech for the award, Michaels said that as a new author, the award is an "unimaginable gift".
The novel also won 2014 Paragraphe Hugh MacLennan Prize for Fiction at the Quebec Writers' Federation Awards. The novel was nominated for the 2015 Amazon.ca First Novel Award, the Canadian Authors Association Award for Fiction, the Council of Literary Magazines and Presses Firecracker Award for Fiction, and the 2016 International Dublin Literary Award.
References
2014 Canadian novels
Canadian historical novels
Scotiabank Giller Prize-winning works
2014 debut novels
Random House books
Tin House books |
The Argel (in its upper course also: Rădvanu) is a right tributary of the river Moldovița in Romania. It flows into the Moldovița in the village Argel. Its length is , and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Suceava County |
Volksdorf is a rapid transit station on the Hamburg U-Bahn line U1. Volksdorf is the last station on the U1's main line, and branch-off station for the U1's Ohlstedt and Großhansdorf branches. The station is located in the Hamburg suburb of Volksdorf, Germany. Volksdorf is part of the Hamburg borough of Wandsbek.
History
At the time the station was opened in 1918, Volksdorf was an exclave of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Back then, Volksdorf station was part of the Walddörferbahn. In February 1925 the station was electrified and integrated into the Hochbahn (U-Bahn) system.
Layout
The elevated station is located on the western side of Claus-Ferck-Straße; the station's main entrance is located at the junction of Claus-Ferck-Straße and Farmsenser Landstraße. The station hall above the entrance consists of one island platform, one side platform and three rail tracks. The concrete beam station hall was built in 1920. Volksdorf station was renovated in 1957 and again between 1997 and 2001. Since 2001 the station is handicap-accessible.
Service
Trains
Volksdorf is served by Hamburg U-Bahn line U1; departures into the inner-city are every 10 minutes, during rush hour every 5 minutes; departures to both Ohlstedt and Großhansdorf are exactly half as frequent. The travel time to Hamburg Hauptbahnhof is about 29 minutes.
Gallery
See also
List of Hamburg U-Bahn stations
References
External links
Line and route network plans by hvv.de
100 Jahre Hochbahn by hochbahn.de
Hamburg U-Bahn stations in Hamburg
Buildings and structures in Wandsbek
U1 (Hamburg U-Bahn) stations
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1918 |
Heuser's membrane (or the exocoelomic membrane) is a short lived combination of hypoblast cells and extracellular matrix.
At day 9-10 of embryonic development, cells from the hypoblast begin to migrate to the embryonic pole, forming a layer of cells just beneath the cytotrophoblast, called Heuser's membrane. It surrounds the exocoelomic cavity (primary yolk sac), i.e. it lines the inner surface of the cytotrophoblast. At this point, the exocoelomic cavity replaces the blastocyst cavity.
At days 11 to 12, there is further delineation of the trophoblastic cells giving rise to a layer of loosely arranged cells that inserts between Heuser's membrane and both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast.
The Heuser's membrane cells (hypoblast cells) that migrated along the inner cytotrophoblast lining of the blastocoel, secrete an extracellular matrix along the way. Cells of the hypoblast migrate along the outer edges of this reticulum and form the extraembryonic mesoderm (splanchic & somatic); this disrupts the extraembryonic reticulum. Soon pockets form in the reticulum, which ultimately coalesce to form the chorionic cavity (extraembryonic coelom).
References
Embryology |
Eucalyptus torquata, commonly known as coral gum or Coolgardie gum, is an endemic tree of Western Australia. The species is cultivated for use in gardens and as a street tree.
Description
A tree, small and stout in form, with beautiful flowers. It reaches between in height in its native habitat which has a spreading habit. It produces clusters of orange barrel-shaped buds with horned caps, which are followed by prolific red or pink flowers between August and December. The bark is rough and is persistent on the trunk and branches. The bark is fibrous-flaky box type grey-black, grey or black colour bark with whitish patches. The leaves are greyish green in colour, the blade has a lanceolate shape and is in length and wide. The leaves are basally tapered, the petioles are quadrangular or narrowly flattened or channelled. The conflorescences have a diameter that are with flowers that are normally coral-pink in colour but white, cream and red flowered plants are known. They are simple and axillary with three to seven flowered umbellasters with terete peduncles. The buds have a rostrate or urceolate shape and are not pruinose, the calyx calyptrate sheds early. The fruits that form later have a cylindrical shape with a depressed disc and enclosed valves.
Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann George Luehmann in 1897 in Victorian Naturalist. The type specimen was collected by W.A. Macpherson from near Coolgardie.
The species name torquata is taken from the latin word torquatus meaning having a twisted ring or collar. This refers to the corrugated structure found at the base of the buds and fruit.
Amongst the common names of the species is the use of Christmas tree, given for flowers that appear in December, and Goldfields red flowering gum for the region's mining operations.
Distribution
It is found on hillsides around Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie, and south to about Widgiemooltha in the Goldfields region of Western Australia where it grows in stony loam or clay and red sandy soils.
Uses
Coral gum is commonly cultivated for small gardens and for use as an ornamental or as a street tree, especially in arid areas. Flowering often occurs in 2 years from seed. It can be grown in large containers in well-drained soils.
See also
List of Eucalyptus species
Lemon-flowered Mallee (Eucalyptus woodwardii and Torwood hybrids)
References
Eucalypts of Western Australia
Trees of Australia
Trees of Mediterranean climate
torquata
Myrtales of Australia
Plants described in 1897 |
Trio 99 → 00 is an album by Pat Metheny recorded with Larry Grenadier on bass and Bill Stewart on drums and released in 2000. (The album title is often listed as "Trio 99 > 00" or "Trio 99>00".)
This trio came together as Metheny finished a two-year stretch of recording and touring around the world with his regular group. For his "vacation" period, Metheny decided to find a few like-minded younger players and continue once again to expand on his unique vision of what a guitar-led, improvisationally-driven, three-piece ensemble could suggest within this modern culture of music.
During recording, the trio "spent just a couple of days together in the studio, just for a few hours a day, just playing", according to Metheny. They did not even listen back to anything until a few weeks later.
Metheny won the 2000 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo for "(Go) Get It."
Track listing
Personnel
Pat Metheny – electric and acoustic guitars
Larry Grenadier – double bass
Bill Stewart – drums
Awards
Grammy Awards
References
Source - Album cover and liner notes.
2000 albums
Pat Metheny albums
Warner Records albums |
Stockholm is a town in Grant County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 102 at the 2020 census.
Stockholm was laid out in 1896, and named after the capital city of Sweden, the native land of a large share of the first settlers.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 108 people, 48 households, and 27 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 55 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 91.7% White, 2.8% Native American, 0.9% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.
There were 48 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.89.
The median age in the town was 41.5 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.8% were from 45 to 64; and 19.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 59.3% male and 40.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 105 people, 48 households, and 28 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 57 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.10% White, 0.95% Native American, and 0.95% from two or more races.
There were 48 households, out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 2.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 29.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.1% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 26.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $39,375, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $22,143 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,174. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.
References
Towns in Grant County, South Dakota
Towns in South Dakota |
Alex Cowie (born 11 May 1947) is a British former international squash and tennis player. She competed under her maiden name Alex Soady until 1969.
Initially a tennis player, Cowie made several appearances at Wimbledon in the 1960s and 1970s.
Cowie featured at the World Squash Championships in 1985 and 1987. She was later the coach of Cassie Jackman and served as team manager of the national team.
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
British female tennis players
English female tennis players
English female squash players |
Mississippi Gorge Regional Park is a regional park along the east and west bluffs of the Mississippi River in the cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The two-city park area is between Mississippi river miles 848 and 852, from just south of Northern Pacific Bridge Number 9 to just north of Minnehaha Regional Park, and lies within the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. The park area protects scenic and natural areas of the Mississippi River gorge, the only true gorge along the entire length of the river.
In Minneapolis, Mississippi Gorge Regional Park is managed by the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. In Saint Paul, the park area's official name is the Mississippi River Gorge Regional Park, and is managed by the Park and Recreation Department. The park (acreage for Minneapolis parkland only) provides access to the river and is popular for its hiking and biking paths on the bluffs. Among local residents, the gorge is known and appreciated for its semi-wild character in the middle of an urban metropolitan area. The two-city park areas had a combined 2.7 million visits in 2017.
History
The Mississippi River gorge was formed over thousands of years by the retreating River Warren Falls that are known today as Saint Anthony. Softer sandstone gave way and slowly collapsed the harder limestone and shale layers in to the valley. The river valley in Minneapolis and Saint Paul is the only gorge along the entire length of the Mississippi River with bluffs rising as high as . The river through the gorge was a series of rapids until the early 1900s when it was reconfigured for commercial navigation with installment of locks and dams.
A corridor of the Mississippi through the Twin Cities was designed by Minnesota Governor Wendell Anderson in 1972 as a critical natural resource area. In 1998, the United States Congress created the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area for the same corridor, bringing federal support and designation to the gorge area.
The land area between the two bluffs is managed as public park land by the cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, an independent park district, manages the park area in Minneapolis, which is officially named Mississippi Gorge Regional Park and includes the 132 acres of land area flanking both the east and west banks of the Mississippi River, from just south of Bridge Number 9 to the north edge of Minnehaha Regional Park. In Saint Paul, the park area is officially named Mississippi River Gorge Regional Park, and is managed by the city's Park and Recreation Department. In recent years, communities and park agencies have formed partnerships to improve the ecologic health of the gorge. In the late 1990s, the National Park Service, Minneapolis park board, and Longfellow community council restored an oak savanna near East 36th Street, which allowed park visitors to experience what the gorge area looked like before European-American settlement.
Park areas
The regional parks in Minneapolis and Saint Paul contain several distinct historic sites and parks along the gorge.
Minneapolis
Bluff Street Park - There is an upper and lower portion of the park in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood and a trail that connects downtown Minneapolis with Bridge Number 9 and the University of Minnesota.
Bohemian Flats - The location of the historic Little Bohemia shanty town has picnic areas and river cruise boats.
East River Flats Park - Located just below the University of Minnesota on the east bank of the Mississippi below the bluffs, it is the training site of the women's rowing team and contains grassy areas, picnic tables, and trails.
East River Parkway - The pedestrian and bike trail that runs along the east bluff of the Mississippi from Washington Avenue to Emerald Street.
Franklin Terrace Dog Park - The , fenced area off Franklin Terrace in the Seward neighborhood for off-leash dogs is adjacent to Riverside Park.
Riverside Park - The park on the bluff features structures constructed by the Works Progress Administration, a playground, and a wading pool.
West River Parkway - The pedestrian and bike trail that runs along the west bluff of the Mississippi from Plymouth Avenue to Godfrey Parkway.
Saint Paul
Meeker Island Lock and Dam - Located at the river bottom below the bluffs, the historic dam site features hiking trails and an off leash dog park.
Visitors
The two-park gorge area is among the ten most visited sites annually in Minnesota. In 2017, Mississippi Gorge Regional Park in Minneapolis had 1,189,000 total visits, and Saint Paul's Mississippi Gorge Regional Park had 1,545,300 total visits.
Recreation
Mississippi Gorge Regional Park is popular for hiking, birdwatching, and photography. The abundance of sugar maples along the bluffs lend to a variety of colors with the changing fall leaves. The gorge provides habitat for at least 150 species of migratory birds and a growing population of bald eagles.
Along both sides of the gorge, the East River and West River parkways of the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway feature miles of paved, shared-used paths for walking and cycling that connect to a regional trail system. Adjoining natural surface paths from the parkways provide pedestrian access to the river for sightseeing and fishing. In winter, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing are allowed on park trails. Mountain biking is prohibited on all natural surface trails in the gorge due to threats of erosion and potential damage to native plants.
On the river's west bank in Minneapolis, hikers and trail runners can traverse the regional park via Winchell Trail, rustic path from Franklin Avenue to East 44th Street. The mostly natural-surface hiking trail provides access to the floodplain forest, sandy beaches, and an oak savanna restoration project. Several limestone staircases constructed by the Works Progress Administration descend from the West River Parkway to the gorge floor.
The river and gorge can also be explored via watercraft. The gorge is a segment of Mississippi River State Water Trail that passes through it. Chartered river cruise boats depart seasonally from Bohemian Flats. The Minneapolis Rowing Club boathouse is below the Lake Street-Marshall Bridge for serious athletes and amateurs to paddle on the river. Canoes and kayaks can be launched as several locations in the gorge with routes from Hidden Falls and the rowing club boathouse most recommended. The locks and dams on opposite ends of the gorge have closed permanently to commercial and recreation traffic to block invasive carp species.
See also
Geography of Minneapolis
History of Minneapolis
History of Saint Paul, Minnesota
Lake Street (Minneapolis)
Trails in Minneapolis
Upper Mississippi River
References
External links
Metropolitan Council: Parks and Trails Map and List
Minneapolis–Saint Paul
Mississippi Gorge
Mississippi National River and Recreation Area
Parks in Minneapolis
Parks in Minnesota
Parks in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Protected areas of Ramsey County, Minnesota
Protected areas of Hennepin County, Minnesota |
Cannabis in British Columbia (BC) relates to a number of legislative, legal, and cultural events surrounding the use and cultivation of cannabis in the Canadian province of British Columbia. As with the rest of Canada, cannabis became legalized on 17 October 2018, following the enactment of the Cannabis Act, or Bill C-45. Prior to that, though the drug was illegal in Canada (with exceptions for medical use), its recreational use was often tolerated and was more commonplace in the province of BC as compared to most of the rest of the country. The province's inexpensive hydroelectric power and abundance of water and sunshine—in addition to the many hills and forests (which aided stealth outdoor growing during prohibition)—made it an ideal cannabis growing area. The British Columbia cannabis industry is worth an estimated CA$2 billion annually and produces 36.6 percent of all Canadian cannabis. The province is also the home of the cannabis activist and businessman Marc Emery.
Usage
A 2004 study by the University of Victoria and Simon Fraser University found that 53 percent of BC residents had tried cannabis at least once.
As of 2004, in Vancouver, there were several cannabis coffee shops where cannabis was smoked openly (but not sold) and personal use throughout the city was tolerated by local police.
As of 2012, British Columbia had the second highest cannabis usage per capita in Canada. In 2012, the province had the second highest percentage of males and the third highest percentage of females in the country who indicated they have used cannabis in their lifetime, with 54.6% and 38%, respectively. That same year, the province had the second highest percentage of residents using cannabis at 14.5%. In 2013, 14.2% of residents reported that they consumed cannabis in the past twelve months, the second highest in the country. In 2017, Statistics Canada reported that the province had the second highest per capita usage in the country of 24.60 grams per person.
Cultivation
The early history of cannabis production was centered in hippie communities in the Gulf Islands and Kootenays, in climate conditions perfect for outdoor growing. However, it is believed that much of the cannabis currently sold for export originates from hydroponic grow operations in the Lower Mainland, with significant amounts added by outdoor growers throughout the province. According to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, the majority of these grow operations are run by gangs such as the Hells Angels, and the Red Scorpions.
In 2008, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police inspector estimated the number of grow-ops in residential houses in the province to be 20,000.
A large amount of the province's cannabis crop is smuggled across the national border to the United States, up to 95 percent according to some US officials, as "B.C. Bud"'s value more than doubles in the US. experts estimate that the province exports CA$4–8 billion in cannabis annually, among British Columbia's largest exports with softwood lumber. Some Americans believe that the provincial government is, as Canadian Geographic reported that year, "quietly tolerant" of the cannabis industry because of its importance to the economy.
The lower mainland is home of the first purpose built industrial greenhouse called SunLab. Developed by Licensed Producer Tantalus Labs, the facility was designed to cultivate sustainably grown cannabis using captured rainwater and 90% less electricity than traditional indoor cultivation methods.
Public views
Opinion polling in British Columbia has shown that the province had greater support for cannabis legalization than any other Canadian province. A 2012 Angus Reid Public Opinion poll found that 61 percent of British Columbians supported the legalization of Cannabis, compared to 53 percent in the rest of Canada.
Cannabis legalized for recreational use
Cannabis in Canada has been legal for medicinal purposes since 2001 under conditions outlined in the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations, later superseded by the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations, issued by Health Canada and seed, grain, and fibre production was permitted under licence by Health Canada.
The federal Cannabis Act, legalizing cannabis for recreational use, came into effect on 17 October 2018. Each province and territory set its own laws for various aspects, such as the legal age, whether householders can grow cannabis and the method of retail sales. The latter aspect varies as to ownership of retail outlets (by the provincial government or private enterprise) but all provinces and territories include an option for on-line sales.
After public consultation, British Columbia released a provincial regulatory framework for the sale and use of cannabis for recreational use. The framework proposed the minimum age to possess, purchase and consume cannabis would be 19 years old, which is the same age to buy alcohol. There would be a government-run wholesale distribution model, although private and publicly run retail stores would operate. Cannabis consumption would be allowed in any public area where vaping and smoking is permitted, however, if the area is frequented by children, cannabis would be banned. Drug impaired driving will continue to be illegal.
In early October 2018, BC released its final set of rules and plans, replacing the July 2018 Interim Licensing Regulation. The new release provides specifics as to the licensing of stores and marketers, background checks, and enforcement methods and penalties for non-compliance by companies which have a licence. The regulations include a maximum household possession limit of 1,000 grams but only 30 grams in public, no smoking or vaping in indoor public places (except in designated rooms), provincial parks, near schools, in vehicles, on boats, near bus stops, and within six meters of any doorway, window or air intake. (There are fewer restrictions as to where cannabis for medical use may be consumed.) Cannabis products that are allowed to be sold include oils, such as capsules tinctures and topical products
cannabis plants or cannabis seeds, cannabis products marketed for pets and soap or bath products containing cannabis. Initially, there was only one cannabis store in B.C. (Kamloops) operated by the government, but over than 100 private retailers had applied for licences. Stores will require municipal consent prior to approval.
See also
BC Cannabis Stores
Brian Taylor (British Columbia politician)
References
Further reading
External links
Cannabis Health Journal Online Medicinal Marijuana magazine based in British Columbia.
Cannabis Culture Magazine Online cannabis magazine based in British Columbia
British Columbia Marijuana Party
British Columbia law
British Columbia |
The Migration and Refugee Assistance Act was passed in 1962 to deal with unexpected and urgent needs of refugees, displaced persons, conflict victims, and other persons at risk around the globe.
The Act was brought into force during the Clinton administration in 2001 to deal with the crises in the Balkans and Nepal.
The Act was cited by President Barack Obama in 2009 to authorize money up to $20.3 million related to needs of Palestinian refugees and conflict victims in Gaza.
External links
MEMORANDUM: Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
1962 in American law |
Andrew John Churchill (born 27 November 1970) is an English cricketer. Churchill is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm medium pace. He was born in Hornchurch in Greater London
Churchill represented the Essex Cricket Board in List A cricket. His debut List A match came against Ireland in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. From 1999 to 2001, he represented the Board in 4 List A matches, the last of which came against Suffolk in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 19 runs at a batting average of 4.75, with a high score of 10. In the field he took a single catch. With the ball he took 5 wickets at a bowling average of 29.00, with best figures of 2/32.
He currently plays club cricket for Gidea Park and Romford Cricket Club in the Essex Premier League.
References
External links
Andrew Churchill at Cricinfo
Andrew Churchill at CricketArchive
1970 births
Living people
People from Hornchurch
Sportspeople from the London Borough of Havering
English cricketers
Essex Cricket Board cricketers
Cricketers from Greater London |
Ljubomir Marić (; 18 January 1878 – 11 August 1960) was a Serbian military officer and a Yugoslav army general, who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army from 12 May 1935 to 8 March 1936, and as the Minister of the Army and Navy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 8 March 1936 to 25 August 1938. He was also a professor at the Military Academy.
Gallery
References
Literature
1878 births
1960 deaths
People from the Principality of Serbia
People from Zlatibor District
Serbian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Serbian military personnel of World War I
Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
Recipients of the Order of St. Sava
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery |
Phi 1.618 (Bulgarian: ф 1.618) is a 2021 Bulgarian-Canadian dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Theodore Ushev (in his directorial debut) and written by Vladislav Todorov. Starring Nikolay Stanoev, Deyan Donkov & Martina Apostolova. It is based on the novel The Spinning Top by Vladislav Todorov. The film was named on the shortlist for Bulgarian's entry for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards, but it was not selected. It was considered again when Mother was disqualified, however, it was not selected.
Synopsis
In a dystopian future, asexual, immortal men are created. The female sex to reproduce has therefore become redundant. As a poison spreads across the Earth, the loveless men set out to colonize the galaxy. On the spaceship they take the barely alive body of a woman with them, as a reminder of the past. While the calligrapher Krypton is busy creating a copy of the entire legacy of the Immortals, he comes across the irascible woman Gargara.
Cast
The actors participating in this film are:
Deyan Donkov as Krypton
Martina Apostolova as Gargara
Irmena Chichikova as Fia
Nikolay Stanoev as Urungel
Release
The film had its premiere in Bulgaria on October 8, 2022, at the Cinelibri International Book&Movie Festival and had its international premiere on October 13, 2022, at Festival du Nouveau Cinéma, in Canada.
The film stirred controversy by being winning an Award at the Moscow International Film Festival during the Russo-Ukrainian War. During his acceptance speech, the director, Theodore Ushev, made antiwar statements. The acceptance speech was not aired during the official broadcast of the ceremony in Russia, however Ushev shared the speech on Facebook. The director refused the award, giving it to Nikita Mikhalkov, artistic director of the Festival.
Awards
References
External links
2022 films
2022 science fiction films
2022 adventure films
Bulgarian science fiction films
Bulgarian adventure films
Canadian science fiction adventure films
2020s dystopian films
2020s Bulgarian-language films
Films set in Bulgaria
Films shot in Bulgaria
2022 directorial debut films
Films about immortality |
General classification
Final general classification
References
Résultats sur siteducyclisme.net
Résultats sur cyclebase.nl
External links
Tour of Flanders
1922 in road cycling
1922 in Belgian sport
March 1922 sports events |
```objective-c
/*
*
*/
#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "soc/efuse_periph.h"
#include "hal/assert.h"
#include "rom/efuse.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
// Always inline these functions even no gcc optimization is applied.
/******************* eFuse fields *************************/
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_flash_crypt_cnt(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_repeat_data1.spi_boot_crypt_cnt;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_wdt_delay_sel(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_repeat_data1.wdt_delay_sel;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_flash_type(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_repeat_data3.flash_type;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_mac0(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_0.mac_0;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_mac1(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_1.mac_1;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline bool efuse_ll_get_secure_boot_v2_en(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_repeat_data2.secure_boot_en;
}
// use efuse_hal_get_major_chip_version() to get major chip version
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_chip_wafer_version_major(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_5.wafer_version_major;
}
// use efuse_hal_get_minor_chip_version() to get minor chip version
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_chip_wafer_version_minor(void)
{
return (EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_5.wafer_version_minor_hi << 3) + EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_3.wafer_version_minor_lo;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline bool efuse_ll_get_disable_wafer_version_major(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_repeat_data4.disable_wafer_version_major;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_blk_version_major(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_sys_part1_data4.blk_version_major;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_blk_version_minor(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_3.blk_version_minor;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline bool efuse_ll_get_disable_blk_version_major(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_repeat_data4.disable_blk_version_major;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_chip_ver_pkg(void)
{
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_3.pkg_version;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_ocode(void)
{
// EFUSE_BLK2, 141, 8, ADC OCode
return EFUSE.rd_sys_part1_data4.ocode;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_k_rtc_ldo(void)
{
// EFUSE_BLK1, 141, 7, BLOCK1 K_RTC_LDO
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_4.k_rtc_ldo;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_k_dig_ldo(void)
{
// EFUSE_BLK1, 148, 7, BLOCK1 K_DIG_LDO
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_4.k_dig_ldo;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_v_rtc_dbias20(void)
{
// EFUSE_BLK1, 155, 8, BLOCK1 voltage of rtc dbias20
return (EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_5.v_rtc_dbias20_1 << 5) + EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_4.v_rtc_dbias20;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_v_dig_dbias20(void)
{
// EFUSE_BLK1, 163, 8, BLOCK1 voltage of digital dbias20
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_5.v_dig_dbias20;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t efuse_ll_get_dig_dbias_hvt(void)
{
// EFUSE_BLK1, 171, 5, BLOCK1 digital dbias when hvt
return EFUSE.rd_mac_spi_sys_5.dig_dbias_hvt;
}
/******************* eFuse control functions *************************/
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline bool efuse_ll_get_read_cmd(void)
{
return EFUSE.cmd.read_cmd;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline bool efuse_ll_get_pgm_cmd(void)
{
return EFUSE.cmd.pgm_cmd;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_read_cmd(void)
{
EFUSE.cmd.read_cmd = 1;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_pgm_cmd(uint32_t block)
{
HAL_ASSERT(block < ETS_EFUSE_BLOCK_MAX);
EFUSE.cmd.val = ((block << EFUSE_BLK_NUM_S) & EFUSE_BLK_NUM_M) | EFUSE_PGM_CMD;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_conf_read_op_code(void)
{
EFUSE.conf.op_code = EFUSE_READ_OP_CODE;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_conf_write_op_code(void)
{
EFUSE.conf.op_code = EFUSE_WRITE_OP_CODE;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_dac_num(uint8_t val)
{
EFUSE.dac_conf.dac_num = val;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_dac_clk_div(uint8_t val)
{
EFUSE.dac_conf.dac_clk_div = val;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_pwr_on_num(uint16_t val)
{
EFUSE.wr_tim_conf1.pwr_on_num = val;
}
__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void efuse_ll_set_pwr_off_num(uint16_t value)
{
EFUSE.wr_tim_conf2.pwr_off_num = value;
}
/******************* eFuse control functions *************************/
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
``` |
Wheaton Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,138.
Geography
Wheaton Township covers an area of and contains one incorporated settlement, Wheaton.
The streams of Joyce Creek, Pogue Creek and Woodward Creek run through this township.
References
USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
External links
US-Counties.com
City-Data.com
Townships in Barry County, Missouri
Townships in Missouri |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
* OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
* ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
* OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* Authors: AMD
*
*/
#ifndef __DAL_IRQ_SERVICE_DCN201_H__
#define __DAL_IRQ_SERVICE_DCN201_H__
#include "../irq_service.h"
struct irq_service *dal_irq_service_dcn201_create(
struct irq_service_init_data *init_data);
#endif
``` |
Chanika is an administrative ward in Handeni Town Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania.
The ward covers an area of , and has an average elevation of . According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 10,994.
References
Wards of Tanga Region |
```php
<?php
/*
*
* File ini bagian dari:
*
* OpenSID
*
* Sistem informasi desa sumber terbuka untuk memajukan desa
*
* Aplikasi dan source code ini dirilis berdasarkan lisensi GPL V3
*
* Hak Cipta 2009 - 2015 Combine Resource Institution (path_to_url
* Hak Cipta 2016 - 2024 Perkumpulan Desa Digital Terbuka (path_to_url
*
* Dengan ini diberikan izin, secara gratis, kepada siapa pun yang mendapatkan salinan
* dari perangkat lunak ini dan file dokumentasi terkait ("Aplikasi Ini"), untuk diperlakukan
* tanpa batasan, termasuk hak untuk menggunakan, menyalin, mengubah dan/atau mendistribusikan,
* asal tunduk pada syarat berikut:
*
* Pemberitahuan hak cipta di atas dan pemberitahuan izin ini harus disertakan dalam
* setiap salinan atau bagian penting Aplikasi Ini. Barang siapa yang menghapus atau menghilangkan
* pemberitahuan ini melanggar ketentuan lisensi Aplikasi Ini.
*
* PERANGKAT LUNAK INI DISEDIAKAN "SEBAGAIMANA ADANYA", TANPA JAMINAN APA PUN, BAIK TERSURAT MAUPUN
* TERSIRAT. PENULIS ATAU PEMEGANG HAK CIPTA SAMA SEKALI TIDAK BERTANGGUNG JAWAB ATAS KLAIM, KERUSAKAN ATAU
* KEWAJIBAN APAPUN ATAS PENGGUNAAN ATAU LAINNYA TERKAIT APLIKASI INI.
*
* @package OpenSID
* @author Tim Pengembang OpenDesa
* @copyright Hak Cipta 2009 - 2015 Combine Resource Institution (path_to_url
* @copyright Hak Cipta 2016 - 2024 Perkumpulan Desa Digital Terbuka (path_to_url
* @license path_to_url GPL V3
* @link path_to_url
*
*/
namespace App\Observers;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
defined('BASEPATH') || exit('No direct script access allowed');
class AuthorObserver
{
public function creating(Model $model): void
{
$model->created_by = auth()->id;
$model->updated_by = auth()->id;
}
public function updating(Model $model): void
{
$model->updated_by = auth()->id;
}
}
``` |
Kittery is a town in York County, Maine, United States, and the oldest incorporated town in Maine. Home to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on Seavey's Island, Kittery includes Badger's Island, the seaside district of Kittery Point, and part of the Isles of Shoals. The southernmost town in the state, it is a tourist destination known for its many outlet stores.
Kittery is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The town's population was 10,070 at the 2020 census.
History
English settlement around the natural harbor of the Piscataqua River estuary began about 1623. By 1632 the community was protected by Fort William and Mary on today's New Hampshire side of the river; in 1689 defensive works that later became Fort McClary in Kittery Point were added on today's Maine side to the north.
Kittery was incorporated in 1647, staking a claim as the "oldest incorporated town in Maine." It was named after the birthplace of a founder, Alexander Shapleigh, from his manor of Kittery Court at Kingswear in Devon, England. Shapleigh arrived in 1635 aboard the ship Benediction, which he co-owned with another prominent settler, Captain Francis Champernowne, a cousin of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, lord proprietor of Maine. Together with the Pepperrell family, they established fisheries offshore at the Isles of Shoals, where fish were caught, salted, and exported to Europe. Other pioneers were hunters, trappers, and workers of the region's abundant timber. The settlement at the mouth of the Piscataqua River was protected by Fort McClary.
Thomas Spencer, Esquire, immigrant from Gloucestershire, England, is also a notable settler of Kittery with his wife Patience Chadbourne. Their story is included in The Maine Spencers: a history and genealogy, with mention of many associated families.'
Kittery originally extended from the Atlantic Ocean inland up the Salmon Falls River, including the present-day towns of Eliot, South Berwick, Berwick, and North Berwick. Located opposite Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the town developed into a center for trade and shipbuilding. In 1652, after the death of Gorges, Maine became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Francis Small was a pioneer resident of Kittery, and operated a trading post near the confluence of the Ossipee River and Saco River. Here major Indian trails converged—the Sokokis Trail (now Route 5), the Ossipee Trail (now Route 25), and the Pequawket Trail (now Route 113). The site supported the lucrative fur trade with Indians, but had the risks of living isolated in the wilderness. Small became the largest property owner in the history of Maine, and was known as "the great landowner".Sullivan, Gov. James, The History of the District of Maine, I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews, Publishers, Boston, MA, 1795.
In 1663, John Josselyn wrote: "Towns there are, are not many in this province. Kittery, situated not far from Passacataway (Portsmouth), is the most populous."
In late 1694 or early 1695 the enslaved woman Rachel of Kittery, Maine was murdered by her enslaver, Nathaniel Keen in Kittery. During the colonial era in Kittery Parish, which included present-day Kittery, Eliot, Berwick and South Berwick, as many as 500 enslaved people were brought to Kittery Parish and striped of their identities The Maine Historical Society calls Sir William Pepperrell (1696 – 1759) of Kittery "Maine's most prolific and infamous slave owner."
In 1705, during Queen Anne's War, tribes of the Wabanaki Confederacy raided the town, killing six residents and taking five prisoners.
During the Revolution, the first vessels of the U.S. Navy were constructed on Badger's Island, including the USS Ranger (1777) commanded by John Paul Jones. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, the nation's first federal navy yard, was established in 1800 on Fernald's Island. It connects to the mainland by two bridges. During the Civil War, the facility rebuilt the USS Constitution, and built the Civil War USS Kearsarge. Seavey's Island was annexed and became site of the now defunct Portsmouth Naval Prison.
In 1905, The Treaty of Portsmouth, which formally ended the Russo-Japanese War, was signed at the shipyard.
From 1946 and 1977, when racial discrimination in public accommodations was common, Clayton and Hazel Sinclair operated the Rock Rest summer guest house in Kittery Point providing lodging to Black vacation travelers. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Rock Rest was featured in the 2020 documentary Driving While Black, that aired on PBS.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are covered by water. Situated beside the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic Ocean, Kittery is drained by Spruce Creek, Spinney Creek, Chauncey Creek, and the Piscataqua River.
The town is crossed by Interstate 95, U.S. Route 1, Maine State Route 101, Maine State Route 103, and Maine State Route 236.
DemographicsSee also Kittery (CDP), Maine and Kittery Point, Maine for village demographics2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,490 people, 4,302 households, and 2,488 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 4,942 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.1% White, 0.01% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.
There were 4,302 households, of which 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.77.
The median age in the town was 43.2 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,543 people, 4,078 households, and 2,528 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 4,375 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.98% White, 1.78% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population.
There were 4,078 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $52,200, and the median income for a family was $53,343. Males had a median income of $37,096 versus $29,850 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,153. About 5.7% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The Kittery economy is driven by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. In 2021, 438 shipyard workers lived in Kittery and were paid a combined $37,784,774. The shipyard's total economic impact on the whole region in 2022 was $1,457,952,317 and in 2021 was $1,322,611,898. In 2022, 7,251 people were employed at the shipyard.
The Kittery Outlets is an outdoor shopping area located on Route 1 next to Interstate 95 with over 100 retailers, including national brands and local shops.
Kittery Foreside is a popular, walkable neighborhood adjacent to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard that has many commercial businesses, including boutique shops, restaurants, and cafes. It also features historic homes, large shade trees, and a number of arts and culture organizations.
The Weathervane Restaurant chain was founded in Kittery in 1969. In 2023, the Portland Press Herald reported that Kittery has the highest per capita number of vegan and vegetarian restaurants and food businesses in Maine.
Climate change
In Kittery, coastal property, shoreland infrastructure, and the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard are all vulnerable to rising seas caused by the changing climate. Most vulnerable are low-lying roads, the bridges to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, other bridges, businesses, a church, a fire station, and the working waterfront. To respond to these threats, the town formed a Climate Change Adaptation Committee.
Arts and culture
The Kittery Art Association was formed in 1958. It manages the KAA Gallery at 2 Walker Street in Kittery Foreside, as a cultural center and exhibition gallery. The Kittery Art Association purchased the gallery building in 2022 from the town library, where the property was known as the Taylor Building, for $558,700. The Kittery Art Association used to be located at 8 Coleman Avenue in Kittery Point.
The Rice Public Library was built in 1889 at 8 Wentworth Street. The library reopened in 2022 after a $6.1 million renovation.
The nonprofit The Dance Hall is located in the former Grange Hall in Kittery Foreside. It hosts performances and classes in dance and music.
Sites of interest
Kittery has some fine early architecture, including the Sir William Pepperrell House, built in 1733, and the Lady Pepperrell House, built in 1760. The John Bray House, built in 1662, is believed to be the oldest surviving house in Maine. Located at the John Paul Jones Memorial Park on U.S. 1 is the Maine Sailors' and Soldiers' Memorial by Bashka Paeff. Further northeast up the road, the town has developed factory outlet shopping, very popular with tourists. Kittery Point is home to Seapoint Beach and Fort Foster Park, originally a harbor defense.
Bray House
Fort Foster Park
Fort McClary State Historic Site
John Paul Jones Memorial Park
Lady Pepperell House
Rock Rest
William Pepperell House
Parks and recreation
Kittery includes many parks, beaches, and recreational spaces. The largest is Fort Foster, a former federal military installation from the 19th century until the 1950s.
Other parks include
John Paul Jones Memorial Park
Fort McClary State Historic Site
Inspiration Park
Rogers Park Conservation Area
Kittery Memorial Field
Seapoint Beach
Education
Kittery is home to Robert William Traip Academy (9–12), a formerly private, preparatory school which became public and town-run in 1967. Kittery is also home to Horace Mitchell Primary School (K–3) and Shapleigh School (4–8).
Media
The movie Thinner (1996), based on the 1984 Stephen King novel, was filmed in Kittery.
Notable people
Jess Abbott, guitarist of the band Now, Now
William Badger, master shipbuilder
Devin Beliveau, state representative
John Haley Bellamy, woodcarver, folk artist
George Berry, captain, shipbuilder
Dennis C. Blair, admiral
Scott Brown, ambassador, senator from Massachusetts (2010–2013)
Tunis Craven, naval officer
Shem Drowne, metalworker, creator of Boston's Grasshopper Weathervane
Elisha T. Gardner, Wisconsin politician, lawyer
William Dean Howells, writer, magazine editor
Sandi Jackson, Chicago city alderman
Kenneth F. Lemont, state legislator
Jeremiah O'Brien, naval officer
John O'Hurley, television actor and game show host
Joseph T. Palastra Jr., U.S. Army General
Sir William Pepperrell, merchant, soldier
Arthur Shawcross, serial killer
Hunt Slonem, artist
Francis Small, trader and landowner
Celia Thaxter, poet
John Treworgie, last proprietary governor of Newfoundland
Donald Valle (1908–1977), American businessman and owner of the eponymously named Valle's Steak House
Walter Wheeler, state representative
William Whipple, signer of the Declaration of Independence
Rachel of Kittery, Maine, an enslaved women who was murdered by her enslaver
In popular culture
The Saturday morning cartoon DinoSquad'' is based in Kittery/Kittery Point.
See also
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Maine
Portsmouth Naval Prison
References
Further reading
Stackpole, Everett S. Old Kittery and its Families. Published 1903. Full image at books.google
History of Whaleback Light
Seacoast Forts of Portsmouth Harbor from American Forts Network
External links
Town of Kittery official website
Populated places established in 1623
Towns in York County, Maine
Portland metropolitan area, Maine
1623 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Populated coastal places in Maine
Towns in Maine |
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