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```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
package org.apache.pulsar.broker.namespace;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static java.lang.String.format;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isNotBlank;
import static org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClientException.FailedFeatureCheck.SupportsGetPartitionedMetadataWithoutAutoCreation;
import static org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.NamespaceName.SYSTEM_NAMESPACE;
import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
import io.opentelemetry.api.common.AttributeKey;
import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
import io.opentelemetry.api.metrics.DoubleHistogram;
import io.prometheus.client.Counter;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.ListUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableBoolean;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.PulsarServerException;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.PulsarService;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.ServiceConfiguration;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.loadbalance.LeaderBroker;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.loadbalance.LeaderElectionService;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.loadbalance.LoadManager;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.loadbalance.ResourceUnit;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.loadbalance.extensions.ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.loadbalance.extensions.manager.RedirectManager;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.lookup.LookupResult;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.resources.NamespaceResources;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.service.BrokerServiceException.ServiceUnitNotReadyException;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.service.Topic;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.service.nonpersistent.NonPersistentTopic;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.stats.prometheus.metrics.Summary;
import org.apache.pulsar.broker.web.PulsarWebResource;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.admin.PulsarAdmin;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.admin.PulsarAdminException;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.ClientBuilder;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClient;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClientException;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.SizeUnit;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.impl.ClientBuilderImpl;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.impl.PulsarClientImpl;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.impl.conf.ClientConfigurationData;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.internal.PropertiesUtils;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.api.proto.CommandGetTopicsOfNamespace.Mode;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.lookup.GetTopicsResult;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.lookup.data.LookupData;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.BundleSplitOption;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.FlowOrQpsEquallyDivideBundleSplitOption;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.NamespaceBundle;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.NamespaceBundleFactory;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.NamespaceBundles;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.NamespaceName;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.ServiceUnitId;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.TopicDomain;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.TopicName;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.NamespaceIsolationPolicy;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.data.BrokerAssignment;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.data.ClusterDataImpl;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.data.LocalPolicies;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.data.NamespaceOwnershipStatus;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.data.Policies;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.data.stats.TopicStatsImpl;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.policies.impl.NamespaceIsolationPolicies;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.stats.MetricsUtil;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.topics.TopicList;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.util.FutureUtil;
import org.apache.pulsar.common.util.collections.ConcurrentOpenHashMap;
import org.apache.pulsar.metadata.api.MetadataCache;
import org.apache.pulsar.metadata.api.MetadataStoreException;
import org.apache.pulsar.opentelemetry.annotations.PulsarDeprecatedMetric;
import org.apache.pulsar.policies.data.loadbalancer.AdvertisedListener;
import org.apache.pulsar.policies.data.loadbalancer.LocalBrokerData;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* The <code>NamespaceService</code> provides resource ownership lookup as well as resource ownership claiming services
* for the <code>PulsarService</code>.
* <p/>
* The <code>PulsarService</code> relies on this service for resource ownership operations.
* <p/>
* The focus of this phase is to bring up the system and be able to iterate and improve the services effectively.
* <p/>
*
* @see org.apache.pulsar.broker.PulsarService
*/
@Slf4j
public class NamespaceService implements AutoCloseable {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NamespaceService.class);
private final ServiceConfiguration config;
private final AtomicReference<LoadManager> loadManager;
private final PulsarService pulsar;
private final OwnershipCache ownershipCache;
private final MetadataCache<LocalBrokerData> localBrokerDataCache;
private final NamespaceBundleFactory bundleFactory;
private final String host;
public static final int BUNDLE_SPLIT_RETRY_LIMIT = 7;
public static final String SLA_NAMESPACE_PROPERTY = "sla-monitor";
public static final Pattern HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("pulsar/[^/]+/([^:]+:\\d+)");
public static final Pattern HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN_V2 = Pattern.compile("pulsar/([^:]+:\\d+)");
public static final Pattern SLA_NAMESPACE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(SLA_NAMESPACE_PROPERTY + "/[^/]+/([^:]+:\\d+)");
public static final String HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_FMT = "pulsar/%s/%s";
public static final String HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_FMT_V2 = "pulsar/%s";
public static final String SLA_NAMESPACE_FMT = SLA_NAMESPACE_PROPERTY + "/%s/%s";
private final ConcurrentOpenHashMap<ClusterDataImpl, PulsarClientImpl> namespaceClients;
private final List<NamespaceBundleOwnershipListener> bundleOwnershipListeners;
private final List<NamespaceBundleSplitListener> bundleSplitListeners;
private final RedirectManager redirectManager;
public static final String LOOKUP_REQUEST_DURATION_METRIC_NAME = "pulsar.broker.request.topic.lookup.duration";
private static final AttributeKey<String> PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE =
AttributeKey.stringKey("pulsar.lookup.response");
public static final Attributes PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_BROKER_ATTRIBUTES = Attributes.builder()
.put(PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE, "broker")
.build();
public static final Attributes PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_REDIRECT_ATTRIBUTES = Attributes.builder()
.put(PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE, "redirect")
.build();
public static final Attributes PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_FAILURE_ATTRIBUTES = Attributes.builder()
.put(PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_ATTRIBUTE, "failure")
.build();
@PulsarDeprecatedMetric(newMetricName = LOOKUP_REQUEST_DURATION_METRIC_NAME)
private static final Counter lookupRedirects = Counter.build("pulsar_broker_lookup_redirects", "-").register();
@PulsarDeprecatedMetric(newMetricName = LOOKUP_REQUEST_DURATION_METRIC_NAME)
private static final Counter lookupFailures = Counter.build("pulsar_broker_lookup_failures", "-").register();
@PulsarDeprecatedMetric(newMetricName = LOOKUP_REQUEST_DURATION_METRIC_NAME)
private static final Counter lookupAnswers = Counter.build("pulsar_broker_lookup_answers", "-").register();
@PulsarDeprecatedMetric(newMetricName = LOOKUP_REQUEST_DURATION_METRIC_NAME)
private static final Summary lookupLatency = Summary.build("pulsar_broker_lookup", "-")
.quantile(0.50)
.quantile(0.99)
.quantile(0.999)
.quantile(1.0)
.register();
private final DoubleHistogram lookupLatencyHistogram;
private ConcurrentHashMap<String, CompletableFuture<List<String>>> inProgressQueryUserTopics =
new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public NamespaceService(PulsarService pulsar) {
this.pulsar = pulsar;
this.host = pulsar.getAdvertisedAddress();
this.config = pulsar.getConfiguration();
this.loadManager = pulsar.getLoadManager();
this.bundleFactory = new NamespaceBundleFactory(pulsar, Hashing.crc32());
this.ownershipCache = new OwnershipCache(pulsar, this);
this.namespaceClients =
ConcurrentOpenHashMap.<ClusterDataImpl, PulsarClientImpl>newBuilder().build();
this.bundleOwnershipListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
this.bundleSplitListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
this.localBrokerDataCache = pulsar.getLocalMetadataStore().getMetadataCache(LocalBrokerData.class);
this.redirectManager = new RedirectManager(pulsar);
this.lookupLatencyHistogram = pulsar.getOpenTelemetry().getMeter()
.histogramBuilder(LOOKUP_REQUEST_DURATION_METRIC_NAME)
.setDescription("The duration of topic lookup requests (either binary or HTTP)")
.setUnit("s")
.build();
}
public void initialize() {
if (!getOwnershipCache().refreshSelfOwnerInfo()) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to refresh self owner info.");
}
}
public CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>> getBrokerServiceUrlAsync(TopicName topic, LookupOptions options) {
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>> future = getBundleAsync(topic)
.thenCompose(bundle -> {
// Do redirection if the cluster is in rollback or deploying.
return findRedirectLookupResultAsync(bundle).thenCompose(optResult -> {
if (optResult.isPresent()) {
LOG.info("[{}] Redirect lookup request to {} for topic {}",
pulsar.getBrokerId(), optResult.get(), topic);
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(optResult);
}
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return loadManager.get().findBrokerServiceUrl(Optional.of(topic), bundle, options);
} else {
// TODO: Add unit tests cover it.
return findBrokerServiceUrl(bundle, options);
}
});
});
future.whenComplete((lookupResult, throwable) -> {
var latencyNs = System.nanoTime() - startTime;
lookupLatency.observe(latencyNs, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
Attributes attributes;
if (throwable == null) {
if (lookupResult.isPresent()) {
if (lookupResult.get().isRedirect()) {
lookupRedirects.inc();
attributes = PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_REDIRECT_ATTRIBUTES;
} else {
lookupAnswers.inc();
attributes = PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_BROKER_ATTRIBUTES;
}
} else {
// No lookup result, default to reporting as failure.
attributes = PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_FAILURE_ATTRIBUTES;
}
} else {
lookupFailures.inc();
attributes = PULSAR_LOOKUP_RESPONSE_FAILURE_ATTRIBUTES;
}
lookupLatencyHistogram.record(MetricsUtil.convertToSeconds(latencyNs, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS), attributes);
});
return future;
}
private CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>> findRedirectLookupResultAsync(ServiceUnitId bundle) {
if (isSLAOrHeartbeatNamespace(bundle.getNamespaceObject().toString())) {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(Optional.empty());
}
return redirectManager.findRedirectLookupResultAsync();
}
public CompletableFuture<NamespaceBundle> getBundleAsync(TopicName topic) {
return bundleFactory.getBundlesAsync(topic.getNamespaceObject())
.thenApply(bundles -> bundles.findBundle(topic));
}
public Optional<NamespaceBundle> getBundleIfPresent(TopicName topicName) {
Optional<NamespaceBundles> bundles = bundleFactory.getBundlesIfPresent(topicName.getNamespaceObject());
return bundles.map(b -> b.findBundle(topicName));
}
public NamespaceBundle getBundle(TopicName topicName) {
return bundleFactory.getBundles(topicName.getNamespaceObject()).findBundle(topicName);
}
public int getBundleCount(NamespaceName namespace) throws Exception {
return bundleFactory.getBundles(namespace).size();
}
private NamespaceBundle getFullBundle(NamespaceName fqnn) throws Exception {
return bundleFactory.getFullBundle(fqnn);
}
private CompletableFuture<NamespaceBundle> getFullBundleAsync(NamespaceName fqnn) {
return bundleFactory.getFullBundleAsync(fqnn);
}
/**
* Return the URL of the broker who's owning a particular service unit in asynchronous way.
* <p>
* If the service unit is not owned, return a CompletableFuture with empty optional.
*/
public CompletableFuture<Optional<URL>> getWebServiceUrlAsync(ServiceUnitId suName, LookupOptions options) {
if (suName instanceof TopicName name) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Getting web service URL of topic: {} - options: {}", name, options);
}
return getBundleAsync(name)
.thenCompose(namespaceBundle ->
internalGetWebServiceUrl(name, namespaceBundle, options));
}
if (suName instanceof NamespaceName namespaceName) {
return getFullBundleAsync(namespaceName)
.thenCompose(namespaceBundle ->
internalGetWebServiceUrl(null, namespaceBundle, options));
}
if (suName instanceof NamespaceBundle namespaceBundle) {
return internalGetWebServiceUrl(null, namespaceBundle, options);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unrecognized class of NamespaceBundle: " + suName.getClass().getName());
}
/**
* Return the URL of the broker who's owning a particular service unit.
* <p>
* If the service unit is not owned, return an empty optional
*/
public Optional<URL> getWebServiceUrl(ServiceUnitId suName, LookupOptions options) throws Exception {
return getWebServiceUrlAsync(suName, options)
.get(pulsar.getConfiguration().getMetadataStoreOperationTimeoutSeconds(), SECONDS);
}
private CompletableFuture<Optional<URL>> internalGetWebServiceUrl(@Nullable ServiceUnitId topic,
NamespaceBundle bundle,
LookupOptions options) {
return findRedirectLookupResultAsync(bundle).thenCompose(optResult -> {
if (optResult.isPresent()) {
LOG.info("[{}] Redirect lookup request to {} for topic {}",
pulsar.getBrokerId(), optResult.get(), topic);
try {
LookupData lookupData = optResult.get().getLookupData();
final String redirectUrl = options.isRequestHttps()
? lookupData.getHttpUrlTls() : lookupData.getHttpUrl();
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(Optional.of(new URL(redirectUrl)));
} catch (Exception e) {
// just log the exception, nothing else to do
LOG.warn("internalGetWebServiceUrl [{}]", e.getMessage(), e);
}
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(Optional.empty());
}
CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>> future =
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)
? loadManager.get().findBrokerServiceUrl(Optional.ofNullable(topic), bundle, options) :
findBrokerServiceUrl(bundle, options);
return future.thenApply(lookupResult -> {
if (lookupResult.isPresent()) {
try {
LookupData lookupData = lookupResult.get().getLookupData();
final String redirectUrl = options.isRequestHttps()
? lookupData.getHttpUrlTls() : lookupData.getHttpUrl();
return Optional.of(new URL(redirectUrl));
} catch (Exception e) {
// just log the exception, nothing else to do
LOG.warn("internalGetWebServiceUrl [{}]", e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
return Optional.empty();
});
});
}
/**
* Register all the bootstrap name spaces including the heartbeat namespace.
*
* @throws PulsarServerException if an unexpected error occurs
*/
public void registerBootstrapNamespaces() throws PulsarServerException {
String brokerId = pulsar.getBrokerId();
// ensure that we own the heartbeat namespace
if (registerNamespace(getHeartbeatNamespace(brokerId, config), true)) {
LOG.info("added heartbeat namespace name in local cache: ns={}",
getHeartbeatNamespace(brokerId, config));
}
// ensure that we own the heartbeat namespace
if (registerNamespace(getHeartbeatNamespaceV2(brokerId, config), true)) {
LOG.info("added heartbeat namespace name in local cache: ns={}",
getHeartbeatNamespaceV2(brokerId, config));
}
// we may not need strict ownership checking for bootstrap names for now
for (String namespace : config.getBootstrapNamespaces()) {
if (registerNamespace(NamespaceName.get(namespace), false)) {
LOG.info("added bootstrap namespace name in local cache: ns={}", namespace);
}
}
}
/**
* Tries to register a namespace to this instance.
*
* @param nsname namespace name
* @param ensureOwned sets the behavior when the namespace is already owned by another broker.
* If this flag is set to true, then the method will throw an exception.
* If this flag is set to false, then the method will return false.
* @return true if the namespace was successfully registered, false otherwise
* @throws PulsarServerException if an error occurs when registering the namespace
*/
public boolean registerNamespace(NamespaceName nsname, boolean ensureOwned) throws PulsarServerException {
try {
// all pre-registered namespace is assumed to have bundles disabled
NamespaceBundle nsFullBundle = bundleFactory.getFullBundle(nsname);
// v2 namespace will always use full bundle object
final NamespaceEphemeralData otherData;
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl loadManager = ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(this.loadManager.get());
otherData = loadManager.tryAcquiringOwnership(nsFullBundle).get();
} else {
otherData = ownershipCache.tryAcquiringOwnership(nsFullBundle).get();
}
if (StringUtils.equals(pulsar.getBrokerServiceUrl(), otherData.getNativeUrl())
|| StringUtils.equals(pulsar.getBrokerServiceUrlTls(), otherData.getNativeUrlTls())) {
if (nsFullBundle != null) {
// preload heartbeat namespace
pulsar.loadNamespaceTopics(nsFullBundle);
}
return true;
}
String msg = String.format("namespace already owned by other broker : ns=%s expected=%s actual=%s",
nsname,
StringUtils.defaultString(pulsar.getBrokerServiceUrl(), pulsar.getBrokerServiceUrlTls()),
StringUtils.defaultString(otherData.getNativeUrl(), otherData.getNativeUrlTls()));
// ignore if not be owned for now
if (!ensureOwned) {
LOG.info(msg);
return false;
}
// should not happen
throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw new PulsarServerException(e);
}
}
private final ConcurrentOpenHashMap<NamespaceBundle, CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>>>
findingBundlesAuthoritative =
ConcurrentOpenHashMap.<NamespaceBundle,
CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>>>newBuilder()
.build();
private final ConcurrentOpenHashMap<NamespaceBundle, CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>>>
findingBundlesNotAuthoritative =
ConcurrentOpenHashMap.<NamespaceBundle,
CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>>>newBuilder()
.build();
/**
* Main internal method to lookup and setup ownership of service unit to a broker.
*
* @param bundle the namespace bundle
* @param options the lookup options
* @return the lookup result
*/
private CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>> findBrokerServiceUrl(
NamespaceBundle bundle, LookupOptions options) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("findBrokerServiceUrl: {} - options: {}", bundle, options);
}
ConcurrentOpenHashMap<NamespaceBundle, CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>>> targetMap;
if (options.isAuthoritative()) {
targetMap = findingBundlesAuthoritative;
} else {
targetMap = findingBundlesNotAuthoritative;
}
return targetMap.computeIfAbsent(bundle, (k) -> {
CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
// First check if we or someone else already owns the bundle
ownershipCache.getOwnerAsync(bundle).thenAccept(nsData -> {
if (nsData.isEmpty()) {
// No one owns this bundle
if (options.isReadOnly()) {
// Do not attempt to acquire ownership
future.complete(Optional.empty());
} else {
// Now, no one owns the namespace yet. Hence, we will try to dynamically assign it
pulsar.getExecutor().execute(() -> searchForCandidateBroker(bundle, future, options));
}
} else if (nsData.get().isDisabled()) {
future.completeExceptionally(
new IllegalStateException(String.format("Namespace bundle %s is being unloaded", bundle)));
} else {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Namespace bundle {} already owned by {} ", bundle, nsData);
}
// find the target
if (options.hasAdvertisedListenerName()) {
AdvertisedListener listener =
nsData.get().getAdvertisedListeners().get(options.getAdvertisedListenerName());
if (listener == null) {
future.completeExceptionally(
new PulsarServerException("the broker do not have "
+ options.getAdvertisedListenerName() + " listener"));
} else {
URI url = listener.getBrokerServiceUrl();
URI urlTls = listener.getBrokerServiceUrlTls();
future.complete(Optional.of(new LookupResult(nsData.get(),
url == null ? null : url.toString(),
urlTls == null ? null : urlTls.toString())));
}
} else {
future.complete(Optional.of(new LookupResult(nsData.get())));
}
}
}).exceptionally(exception -> {
LOG.warn("Failed to check owner for bundle {}: {}", bundle, exception.getMessage(), exception);
future.completeExceptionally(exception);
return null;
});
future.whenComplete((r, t) -> pulsar.getExecutor().execute(
() -> targetMap.remove(bundle)
));
return future;
});
}
/**
* Check if this is Heartbeat or SLAMonitor namespace and return the broker id.
*
* @param serviceUnit the service unit
* @param isBrokerActive the function to check if the broker is active
* @return the broker id
*/
public CompletableFuture<String> getHeartbeatOrSLAMonitorBrokerId(
ServiceUnitId serviceUnit, Function<String, CompletableFuture<Boolean>> isBrokerActive) {
String candidateBroker = NamespaceService.checkHeartbeatNamespace(serviceUnit);
if (candidateBroker != null) {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(candidateBroker);
}
candidateBroker = NamespaceService.checkHeartbeatNamespaceV2(serviceUnit);
if (candidateBroker != null) {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(candidateBroker);
}
candidateBroker = NamespaceService.getSLAMonitorBrokerName(serviceUnit);
if (candidateBroker != null) {
// Check if the broker is available
final String finalCandidateBroker = candidateBroker;
return isBrokerActive.apply(candidateBroker).thenApply(isActive -> {
if (isActive) {
return finalCandidateBroker;
} else {
return null;
}
});
}
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
}
private void searchForCandidateBroker(NamespaceBundle bundle,
CompletableFuture<Optional<LookupResult>> lookupFuture,
LookupOptions options) {
String candidateBroker;
LeaderElectionService les = pulsar.getLeaderElectionService();
if (les == null) {
LOG.warn("The leader election has not yet been completed! NamespaceBundle[{}]", bundle);
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(
new IllegalStateException("The leader election has not yet been completed!"));
return;
}
boolean authoritativeRedirect = les.isLeader();
try {
// check if this is Heartbeat or SLAMonitor namespace
candidateBroker = getHeartbeatOrSLAMonitorBrokerId(bundle, cb ->
CompletableFuture.completedFuture(isBrokerActive(cb)))
.get(config.getMetadataStoreOperationTimeoutSeconds(), SECONDS);
if (candidateBroker == null) {
Optional<LeaderBroker> currentLeader = pulsar.getLeaderElectionService().getCurrentLeader();
if (options.isAuthoritative()) {
// leader broker already assigned the current broker as owner
candidateBroker = pulsar.getBrokerId();
} else {
LoadManager loadManager = this.loadManager.get();
boolean makeLoadManagerDecisionOnThisBroker = !loadManager.isCentralized() || les.isLeader();
if (!makeLoadManagerDecisionOnThisBroker) {
// If leader is not active, fallback to pick the least loaded from current broker loadmanager
boolean leaderBrokerActive = currentLeader.isPresent()
&& isBrokerActive(currentLeader.get().getBrokerId());
if (!leaderBrokerActive) {
makeLoadManagerDecisionOnThisBroker = true;
if (currentLeader.isEmpty()) {
LOG.warn(
"The information about the current leader broker wasn't available. "
+ "Handling load manager decisions in a decentralized way. "
+ "NamespaceBundle[{}]",
bundle);
} else {
LOG.warn(
"The current leader broker {} isn't active. "
+ "Handling load manager decisions in a decentralized way. "
+ "NamespaceBundle[{}]",
currentLeader.get(), bundle);
}
}
}
if (makeLoadManagerDecisionOnThisBroker) {
Optional<String> availableBroker = getLeastLoadedFromLoadManager(bundle);
if (availableBroker.isEmpty()) {
LOG.warn("Load manager didn't return any available broker. "
+ "Returning empty result to lookup. NamespaceBundle[{}]",
bundle);
lookupFuture.complete(Optional.empty());
return;
}
candidateBroker = availableBroker.get();
authoritativeRedirect = true;
} else {
// forward to leader broker to make assignment
candidateBroker = currentLeader.get().getBrokerId();
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Error when searching for candidate broker to acquire {}: {}", bundle, e.getMessage(), e);
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
return;
}
try {
Objects.requireNonNull(candidateBroker);
if (candidateBroker.equals(pulsar.getBrokerId())) {
// Load manager decided that the local broker should try to become the owner
ownershipCache.tryAcquiringOwnership(bundle).thenAccept(ownerInfo -> {
if (ownerInfo.isDisabled()) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Namespace bundle {} is currently being unloaded", bundle);
}
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(new IllegalStateException(
String.format("Namespace bundle %s is currently being unloaded", bundle)));
} else {
// Found owner for the namespace bundle
if (options.isLoadTopicsInBundle()) {
// Schedule the task to preload topics
pulsar.loadNamespaceTopics(bundle);
}
// find the target
if (options.hasAdvertisedListenerName()) {
AdvertisedListener listener =
ownerInfo.getAdvertisedListeners().get(options.getAdvertisedListenerName());
if (listener == null) {
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(
new PulsarServerException("the broker do not have "
+ options.getAdvertisedListenerName() + " listener"));
} else {
URI url = listener.getBrokerServiceUrl();
URI urlTls = listener.getBrokerServiceUrlTls();
lookupFuture.complete(Optional.of(
new LookupResult(ownerInfo,
url == null ? null : url.toString(),
urlTls == null ? null : urlTls.toString())));
}
} else {
lookupFuture.complete(Optional.of(new LookupResult(ownerInfo)));
}
}
}).exceptionally(exception -> {
LOG.warn("Failed to acquire ownership for namespace bundle {}: {}", bundle, exception);
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(new PulsarServerException(
"Failed to acquire ownership for namespace bundle " + bundle, exception));
return null;
});
} else {
// Load managed decider some other broker should try to acquire ownership
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Redirecting to broker {} to acquire ownership of bundle {}", candidateBroker, bundle);
}
// Now setting the redirect url
createLookupResult(candidateBroker, authoritativeRedirect, options.getAdvertisedListenerName())
.thenAccept(lookupResult -> lookupFuture.complete(Optional.of(lookupResult)))
.exceptionally(ex -> {
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(ex);
return null;
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Error in trying to acquire namespace bundle ownership for {}: {}", bundle, e.getMessage(), e);
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
}
}
public CompletableFuture<LookupResult> createLookupResult(String candidateBroker, boolean authoritativeRedirect,
final String advertisedListenerName) {
CompletableFuture<LookupResult> lookupFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
try {
checkArgument(StringUtils.isNotBlank(candidateBroker), "Lookup broker can't be null %s", candidateBroker);
String path = LoadManager.LOADBALANCE_BROKERS_ROOT + "/" + candidateBroker;
localBrokerDataCache.get(path).thenAccept(reportData -> {
if (reportData.isPresent()) {
LocalBrokerData lookupData = reportData.get();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(advertisedListenerName)) {
AdvertisedListener listener = lookupData.getAdvertisedListeners().get(advertisedListenerName);
if (listener == null) {
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(
new PulsarServerException(
"the broker do not have " + advertisedListenerName + " listener"));
} else {
URI url = listener.getBrokerServiceUrl();
URI urlTls = listener.getBrokerServiceUrlTls();
lookupFuture.complete(new LookupResult(lookupData.getWebServiceUrl(),
lookupData.getWebServiceUrlTls(), url == null ? null : url.toString(),
urlTls == null ? null : urlTls.toString(), authoritativeRedirect));
}
} else {
lookupFuture.complete(new LookupResult(lookupData.getWebServiceUrl(),
lookupData.getWebServiceUrlTls(), lookupData.getPulsarServiceUrl(),
lookupData.getPulsarServiceUrlTls(), authoritativeRedirect));
}
} else {
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(new MetadataStoreException.NotFoundException(path));
}
}).exceptionally(ex -> {
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(ex);
return null;
});
} catch (Exception e) {
lookupFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
}
return lookupFuture;
}
public boolean isBrokerActive(String candidateBroker) {
Set<String> availableBrokers = getAvailableBrokers();
if (availableBrokers.contains(candidateBroker)) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Broker {} is available for.", candidateBroker);
}
return true;
} else {
LOG.warn("Broker {} couldn't be found in available brokers {}",
candidateBroker, String.join(",", availableBrokers));
return false;
}
}
private Set<String> getAvailableBrokers() {
try {
return loadManager.get().getAvailableBrokers();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* Helper function to encapsulate the logic to invoke between old and new load manager.
*
* @param serviceUnit the service unit
* @return the least loaded broker addresses
* @throws Exception if an error occurs
*/
private Optional<String> getLeastLoadedFromLoadManager(ServiceUnitId serviceUnit) throws Exception {
Optional<ResourceUnit> leastLoadedBroker = loadManager.get().getLeastLoaded(serviceUnit);
if (leastLoadedBroker.isEmpty()) {
LOG.warn("No broker is available for {}", serviceUnit);
return Optional.empty();
}
String lookupAddress = leastLoadedBroker.get().getResourceId();
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("{} : redirecting to the least loaded broker, lookup address={}",
pulsar.getBrokerId(),
lookupAddress);
}
return Optional.of(lookupAddress);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> unloadNamespaceBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
return unloadNamespaceBundle(bundle, Optional.empty());
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> unloadNamespaceBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle, Optional<String> destinationBroker) {
// unload namespace bundle
return unloadNamespaceBundle(bundle, destinationBroker,
config.getNamespaceBundleUnloadingTimeoutMs(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> unloadNamespaceBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle,
Optional<String> destinationBroker,
long timeout,
TimeUnit timeoutUnit) {
return unloadNamespaceBundle(bundle, destinationBroker, timeout, timeoutUnit, true);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> unloadNamespaceBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle,
long timeout,
TimeUnit timeoutUnit) {
return unloadNamespaceBundle(bundle, Optional.empty(), timeout, timeoutUnit, true);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> unloadNamespaceBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle,
long timeout,
TimeUnit timeoutUnit,
boolean closeWithoutWaitingClientDisconnect) {
return unloadNamespaceBundle(bundle, Optional.empty(), timeout,
timeoutUnit, closeWithoutWaitingClientDisconnect);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> unloadNamespaceBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle,
Optional<String> destinationBroker,
long timeout,
TimeUnit timeoutUnit,
boolean closeWithoutWaitingClientDisconnect) {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get())
.unloadNamespaceBundleAsync(bundle, destinationBroker, false, timeout, timeoutUnit);
}
// unload namespace bundle
OwnedBundle ob = ownershipCache.getOwnedBundle(bundle);
if (ob == null) {
return FutureUtil.failedFuture(new IllegalStateException("Bundle " + bundle + " is not currently owned"));
} else {
return ob.handleUnloadRequest(pulsar, timeout, timeoutUnit, closeWithoutWaitingClientDisconnect);
}
}
public CompletableFuture<Boolean> isNamespaceBundleOwned(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl extensibleLoadManager = ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get());
return extensibleLoadManager.getOwnershipAsync(Optional.empty(), bundle)
.thenApply(Optional::isPresent);
}
return pulsar.getLocalMetadataStore().exists(ServiceUnitUtils.path(bundle));
}
public CompletableFuture<Map<String, NamespaceOwnershipStatus>> getOwnedNameSpacesStatusAsync() {
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getNamespaceResources().getIsolationPolicies()
.getIsolationDataPoliciesAsync(pulsar.getConfiguration().getClusterName())
.thenApply(nsIsolationPoliciesOpt -> nsIsolationPoliciesOpt.orElseGet(NamespaceIsolationPolicies::new))
.thenCompose(namespaceIsolationPolicies -> {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl extensibleLoadManager =
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get());
return extensibleLoadManager.getOwnedServiceUnitsAsync()
.thenApply(OwnedServiceUnits -> OwnedServiceUnits.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(NamespaceBundle::toString,
bundle -> getNamespaceOwnershipStatus(true,
namespaceIsolationPolicies.getPolicyByNamespace(
bundle.getNamespaceObject())))));
}
Collection<CompletableFuture<OwnedBundle>> futures =
ownershipCache.getOwnedBundlesAsync().values();
return FutureUtil.waitForAll(futures)
.thenApply(__ -> futures.stream()
.map(CompletableFuture::join)
.collect(Collectors.toMap(bundle -> bundle.getNamespaceBundle().toString(),
bundle -> getNamespaceOwnershipStatus(bundle.isActive(),
namespaceIsolationPolicies.getPolicyByNamespace(
bundle.getNamespaceBundle().getNamespaceObject()))
))
);
});
}
private NamespaceOwnershipStatus getNamespaceOwnershipStatus(boolean isActive,
NamespaceIsolationPolicy nsIsolationPolicy) {
NamespaceOwnershipStatus nsOwnedStatus = new NamespaceOwnershipStatus(BrokerAssignment.shared, false,
isActive);
if (nsIsolationPolicy == null) {
// no matching policy found, this namespace must be an uncontrolled one and using shared broker
return nsOwnedStatus;
}
// found corresponding policy, set the status to controlled
nsOwnedStatus.is_controlled = true;
if (nsIsolationPolicy.isPrimaryBroker(pulsar.getAdvertisedAddress())) {
nsOwnedStatus.broker_assignment = BrokerAssignment.primary;
} else if (nsIsolationPolicy.isSecondaryBroker(pulsar.getAdvertisedAddress())) {
nsOwnedStatus.broker_assignment = BrokerAssignment.secondary;
}
return nsOwnedStatus;
}
public boolean isNamespaceBundleDisabled(NamespaceBundle bundle) throws Exception {
try {
// Does ZooKeeper say that the namespace is disabled?
CompletableFuture<Optional<NamespaceEphemeralData>> nsDataFuture = ownershipCache.getOwnerAsync(bundle);
if (nsDataFuture != null) {
Optional<NamespaceEphemeralData> nsData = nsDataFuture.getNow(null);
if (nsData != null && nsData.isPresent()) {
return nsData.get().isDisabled();
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
// if namespace is not owned, it is not considered disabled
return false;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Exception in getting ownership info for service unit {}: {}", bundle, e.getMessage(), e);
}
return false;
}
/**
* 1. split the given bundle into two bundles 2. assign ownership of both the bundles to current broker 3. update
* policies with newly created bundles into LocalZK 4. disable original bundle and refresh the cache.
* <p>
* It will call splitAndOwnBundleOnceAndRetry to do the real retry work, which will retry "retryTimes".
*
* @param bundle the bundle to split
* @param unload whether to unload the new split bundles
* @param splitAlgorithm the algorithm to split the bundle
* @param boundaries the boundaries to split the bundle
* @return a future that will complete when the bundle is split and owned
*/
public CompletableFuture<Void> splitAndOwnBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle, boolean unload,
NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm splitAlgorithm,
List<Long> boundaries) {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get())
.splitNamespaceBundleAsync(bundle, splitAlgorithm, boundaries);
}
final CompletableFuture<Void> unloadFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(BUNDLE_SPLIT_RETRY_LIMIT);
splitAndOwnBundleOnceAndRetry(bundle, unload, counter, unloadFuture, splitAlgorithm, boundaries);
return unloadFuture;
}
void splitAndOwnBundleOnceAndRetry(NamespaceBundle bundle,
boolean unload,
AtomicInteger counter,
CompletableFuture<Void> completionFuture,
NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm splitAlgorithm,
List<Long> boundaries) {
BundleSplitOption bundleSplitOption = getBundleSplitOption(bundle, boundaries, config);
splitAlgorithm.getSplitBoundary(bundleSplitOption).whenComplete((splitBoundaries, ex) -> {
CompletableFuture<List<NamespaceBundle>> updateFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
if (ex == null) {
if (splitBoundaries == null || splitBoundaries.size() == 0) {
LOG.info("[{}] No valid boundary found in {} to split bundle {}",
bundle.getNamespaceObject().toString(), boundaries, bundle.getBundleRange());
completionFuture.complete(null);
return;
}
try {
bundleFactory.splitBundles(bundle, splitBoundaries.size() + 1, splitBoundaries)
.thenAccept(splitBundles -> {
// Split and updateNamespaceBundles. Update may fail because of concurrent write to
// Zookeeper.
if (splitBundles == null) {
String msg = format("bundle %s not found under namespace", bundle.toString());
LOG.warn(msg);
updateFuture.completeExceptionally(new ServiceUnitNotReadyException(msg));
return;
}
Objects.requireNonNull(splitBundles.getLeft());
Objects.requireNonNull(splitBundles.getRight());
checkArgument(splitBundles.getRight().size() == splitBoundaries.size() + 1,
"bundle has to be split in " + (splitBoundaries.size() + 1) + " bundles");
NamespaceName nsname = bundle.getNamespaceObject();
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("[{}] splitAndOwnBundleOnce: {}, counter: {}, bundles: {}",
nsname.toString(), bundle.getBundleRange(), counter.get(),
splitBundles.getRight());
}
try {
// take ownership of newly split bundles
for (NamespaceBundle sBundle : splitBundles.getRight()) {
Objects.requireNonNull(ownershipCache.tryAcquiringOwnership(sBundle));
}
updateNamespaceBundles(nsname, splitBundles.getLeft()).thenCompose(__ ->
updateNamespaceBundlesForPolicies(nsname, splitBundles.getLeft()))
.thenRun(() -> {
bundleFactory.invalidateBundleCache(bundle.getNamespaceObject());
updateFuture.complete(splitBundles.getRight());
}).exceptionally(ex1 -> {
String msg = format("failed to update namespace policies [%s], "
+ "NamespaceBundle: %s due to %s",
nsname.toString(), bundle.getBundleRange(), ex1.getMessage());
LOG.warn(msg);
updateFuture.completeExceptionally(
new ServiceUnitNotReadyException(msg, ex1.getCause()));
return null;
});
} catch (Exception e) {
String msg = format(
"failed to acquire ownership of split bundle for namespace [%s], %s",
nsname.toString(), e.getMessage());
LOG.warn(msg, e);
updateFuture.completeExceptionally(new ServiceUnitNotReadyException(msg, e));
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
updateFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
}
} else {
updateFuture.completeExceptionally(ex);
}
// If success updateNamespaceBundles, then do invalidateBundleCache and unload.
// Else retry splitAndOwnBundleOnceAndRetry.
updateFuture.whenCompleteAsync((r, t)-> {
if (t != null) {
// retry several times on BadVersion
if ((t.getCause() instanceof MetadataStoreException.BadVersionException)
&& (counter.decrementAndGet() >= 0)) {
pulsar.getExecutor().schedule(() -> pulsar.getOrderedExecutor()
.execute(() -> splitAndOwnBundleOnceAndRetry(
bundle, unload, counter, completionFuture, splitAlgorithm, boundaries)),
100, MILLISECONDS);
} else if (t instanceof IllegalArgumentException) {
completionFuture.completeExceptionally(t);
} else {
// Retry enough, or meet other exception
String msg2 = format(" %s not success update nsBundles, counter %d, reason %s",
bundle.toString(), counter.get(), t.getMessage());
LOG.warn(msg2);
completionFuture.completeExceptionally(new ServiceUnitNotReadyException(msg2));
}
return;
}
// success updateNamespaceBundles
// disable old bundle in memory
getOwnershipCache().updateBundleState(bundle, false)
.thenRun(() -> {
// update bundled_topic cache for load-report-generation
pulsar.getBrokerService().refreshTopicToStatsMaps(bundle);
loadManager.get().setLoadReportForceUpdateFlag();
// release old bundle from ownership cache
pulsar.getNamespaceService().getOwnershipCache().removeOwnership(bundle);
completionFuture.complete(null);
if (unload) {
// Unload new split bundles, in background. This will not
// affect the split operation which is already safely completed
r.forEach(this::unloadNamespaceBundle);
}
onNamespaceBundleSplit(bundle);
})
.exceptionally(e -> {
String msg1 = format(
"failed to disable bundle %s under namespace [%s] with error %s",
bundle.getNamespaceObject().toString(), bundle, ex.getMessage());
LOG.warn(msg1, e);
completionFuture.completeExceptionally(new ServiceUnitNotReadyException(msg1));
return null;
});
}, pulsar.getOrderedExecutor());
});
}
/**
* Get the split boundary's.
*
* @param bundle The bundle to split.
* @param boundaries The specified positions,
* use for {@link org.apache.pulsar.common.naming.SpecifiedPositionsBundleSplitAlgorithm}.
* @return A pair, left is target namespace bundle, right is split bundles.
*/
public CompletableFuture<Pair<NamespaceBundles, List<NamespaceBundle>>> getSplitBoundary(
NamespaceBundle bundle, NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm nsBundleSplitAlgorithm, List<Long> boundaries) {
CompletableFuture<List<Long>> splitBoundary = getSplitBoundary(bundle, boundaries, nsBundleSplitAlgorithm);
return splitBoundary.thenCompose(splitBoundaries -> {
if (splitBoundaries == null || splitBoundaries.size() == 0) {
LOG.info("[{}] No valid boundary found in {} to split bundle {}",
bundle.getNamespaceObject().toString(), boundaries, bundle.getBundleRange());
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
}
return pulsar.getNamespaceService().getNamespaceBundleFactory()
.splitBundles(bundle, splitBoundaries.size() + 1, splitBoundaries);
});
}
public CompletableFuture<List<Long>> getSplitBoundary(
NamespaceBundle bundle, List<Long> boundaries, NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm nsBundleSplitAlgorithm) {
BundleSplitOption bundleSplitOption = getBundleSplitOption(bundle, boundaries, config);
return nsBundleSplitAlgorithm.getSplitBoundary(bundleSplitOption);
}
private BundleSplitOption getBundleSplitOption(NamespaceBundle bundle,
List<Long> boundaries,
ServiceConfiguration config) {
BundleSplitOption bundleSplitOption;
if (config.getDefaultNamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm()
.equals(NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm.FLOW_OR_QPS_EQUALLY_DIVIDE)) {
Map<String, TopicStatsImpl> topicStatsMap = pulsar.getBrokerService().getTopicStats(bundle);
bundleSplitOption = new FlowOrQpsEquallyDivideBundleSplitOption(this, bundle, boundaries,
topicStatsMap,
config.getLoadBalancerNamespaceBundleMaxMsgRate(),
config.getLoadBalancerNamespaceBundleMaxBandwidthMbytes(),
config.getFlowOrQpsDifferenceThresholdPercentage());
} else {
bundleSplitOption = new BundleSplitOption(this, bundle, boundaries);
}
return bundleSplitOption;
}
public NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm getNamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithmByName(String algorithmName) {
NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm algorithm = NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm.of(algorithmName);
if (algorithm == null) {
algorithm = NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm.of(pulsar.getConfig().getDefaultNamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm());
}
if (algorithm == null) {
algorithm = NamespaceBundleSplitAlgorithm.RANGE_EQUALLY_DIVIDE_ALGO;
}
return algorithm;
}
/**
* Update new bundle-range to admin/policies/namespace.
* Update may fail because of concurrent write to Zookeeper.
*
* @param nsname the namespace name
* @param nsBundles the new namespace bundles
*/
public CompletableFuture<Void> updateNamespaceBundlesForPolicies(NamespaceName nsname,
NamespaceBundles nsBundles) {
Objects.requireNonNull(nsname);
Objects.requireNonNull(nsBundles);
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getNamespaceResources().getPoliciesAsync(nsname).thenCompose(policies -> {
if (policies.isPresent()) {
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getNamespaceResources().setPoliciesAsync(nsname, oldPolicies -> {
oldPolicies.bundles = nsBundles.getBundlesData();
return oldPolicies;
});
} else {
LOG.error("Policies of namespace {} is not exist!", nsname);
Policies newPolicies = new Policies();
newPolicies.bundles = nsBundles.getBundlesData();
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getNamespaceResources().createPoliciesAsync(nsname, newPolicies);
}
});
}
/**
* Update new bundle-range to LocalZk (create a new node if not present).
* Update may fail because of concurrent write to Zookeeper.
*
* @param nsname the namespace name
* @param nsBundles the new namespace bundles
*/
public CompletableFuture<Void> updateNamespaceBundles(NamespaceName nsname, NamespaceBundles nsBundles) {
Objects.requireNonNull(nsname);
Objects.requireNonNull(nsBundles);
LocalPolicies localPolicies = nsBundles.toLocalPolicies();
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getLocalPolicies()
.setLocalPoliciesWithVersion(nsname, localPolicies, nsBundles.getVersion());
}
public OwnershipCache getOwnershipCache() {
return ownershipCache;
}
public Set<NamespaceBundle> getOwnedServiceUnits() {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl extensibleLoadManager = ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get());
try {
return extensibleLoadManager.getOwnedServiceUnitsAsync()
.get(config.getMetadataStoreOperationTimeoutSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return ownershipCache.getOwnedBundles().values().stream().map(OwnedBundle::getNamespaceBundle)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
public boolean isServiceUnitOwned(ServiceUnitId suName) throws Exception {
return isServiceUnitOwnedAsync(suName).get(config.getMetadataStoreOperationTimeoutSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
public CompletableFuture<Boolean> isServiceUnitOwnedAsync(ServiceUnitId suName) {
if (suName instanceof TopicName) {
return isTopicOwnedAsync((TopicName) suName);
}
if (suName instanceof NamespaceName) {
return isNamespaceOwnedAsync((NamespaceName) suName);
}
if (suName instanceof NamespaceBundle) {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return loadManager.get().checkOwnershipAsync(Optional.empty(), suName);
}
// TODO: Add unit tests cover it.
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(
ownershipCache.isNamespaceBundleOwned((NamespaceBundle) suName));
}
return FutureUtil.failedFuture(
new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid class of NamespaceBundle: " + suName.getClass().getName()));
}
/**
* @deprecated This method is only used in test now.
*/
@Deprecated
public boolean isServiceUnitActive(TopicName topicName) {
try {
return isServiceUnitActiveAsync(topicName).get(pulsar.getConfig()
.getMetadataStoreOperationTimeoutSeconds(), SECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException | TimeoutException e) {
LOG.warn("Unable to find OwnedBundle for topic in time - [{}]", topicName, e);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public CompletableFuture<Boolean> isServiceUnitActiveAsync(TopicName topicName) {
// TODO: Add unit tests cover it.
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return getBundleAsync(topicName)
.thenCompose(bundle -> loadManager.get().checkOwnershipAsync(Optional.of(topicName), bundle));
}
return getBundleAsync(topicName).thenCompose(bundle -> {
Optional<CompletableFuture<OwnedBundle>> optionalFuture = ownershipCache.getOwnedBundleAsync(bundle);
if (optionalFuture.isEmpty()) {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(false);
}
return optionalFuture.get().thenApply(ob -> ob != null && ob.isActive());
});
}
private CompletableFuture<Boolean> isNamespaceOwnedAsync(NamespaceName fqnn) {
// TODO: Add unit tests cover it.
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return getFullBundleAsync(fqnn)
.thenCompose(bundle -> loadManager.get().checkOwnershipAsync(Optional.empty(), bundle));
}
return getFullBundleAsync(fqnn)
.thenApply(bundle -> ownershipCache.getOwnedBundle(bundle) != null);
}
private CompletableFuture<Boolean> isTopicOwnedAsync(TopicName topic) {
// TODO: Add unit tests cover it.
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return getBundleAsync(topic)
.thenCompose(bundle -> loadManager.get().checkOwnershipAsync(Optional.of(topic), bundle));
}
return getBundleAsync(topic).thenApply(ownershipCache::isNamespaceBundleOwned);
}
public CompletableFuture<Boolean> checkTopicOwnership(TopicName topicName) {
// TODO: Add unit tests cover it.
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
return getBundleAsync(topicName)
.thenCompose(bundle -> loadManager.get().checkOwnershipAsync(Optional.of(topicName), bundle));
}
return getBundleAsync(topicName)
.thenCompose(ownershipCache::checkOwnershipAsync);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> removeOwnedServiceUnitAsync(NamespaceBundle nsBundle) {
CompletableFuture<Void> future;
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl extensibleLoadManager = ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get());
future = extensibleLoadManager.unloadNamespaceBundleAsync(
nsBundle, Optional.empty(), true,
pulsar.getConfig().getNamespaceBundleUnloadingTimeoutMs(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
} else {
future = ownershipCache.removeOwnership(nsBundle);
}
return future.thenRun(() -> bundleFactory.invalidateBundleCache(nsBundle.getNamespaceObject()));
}
public void onNamespaceBundleOwned(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
for (NamespaceBundleOwnershipListener bundleOwnedListener : bundleOwnershipListeners) {
notifyNamespaceBundleOwnershipListener(bundle, bundleOwnedListener);
}
}
public void onNamespaceBundleUnload(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
for (NamespaceBundleOwnershipListener bundleOwnedListener : bundleOwnershipListeners) {
try {
if (bundleOwnedListener.test(bundle)) {
bundleOwnedListener.unLoad(bundle);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
LOG.error("Call bundle {} ownership listener error", bundle, t);
}
}
}
public void onNamespaceBundleSplit(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
for (NamespaceBundleSplitListener bundleSplitListener : bundleSplitListeners) {
try {
if (bundleSplitListener.test(bundle)) {
bundleSplitListener.onSplit(bundle);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
LOG.error("Call bundle {} split listener {} error", bundle, bundleSplitListener, t);
}
}
}
public void addNamespaceBundleOwnershipListener(NamespaceBundleOwnershipListener... listeners) {
Objects.requireNonNull(listeners);
for (NamespaceBundleOwnershipListener listener : listeners) {
if (listener != null) {
bundleOwnershipListeners.add(listener);
}
}
pulsar.runWhenReadyForIncomingRequests(() -> {
try {
getOwnedServiceUnits().forEach(bundle -> notifyNamespaceBundleOwnershipListener(bundle, listeners));
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error("Failed to notify namespace bundle ownership listener", e);
}
});
}
public void addNamespaceBundleSplitListener(NamespaceBundleSplitListener... listeners) {
Objects.requireNonNull(listeners);
for (NamespaceBundleSplitListener listener : listeners) {
if (listener != null) {
bundleSplitListeners.add(listener);
}
}
}
private void notifyNamespaceBundleOwnershipListener(NamespaceBundle bundle,
NamespaceBundleOwnershipListener... listeners) {
if (listeners != null) {
for (NamespaceBundleOwnershipListener listener : listeners) {
try {
if (listener.test(bundle)) {
listener.onLoad(bundle);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
LOG.error("Call bundle {} ownership listener error", bundle, t);
}
}
}
}
public NamespaceBundleFactory getNamespaceBundleFactory() {
return bundleFactory;
}
public ServiceUnitId getServiceUnitId(TopicName topicName) throws Exception {
return getBundle(topicName);
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getFullListOfTopics(NamespaceName namespaceName) {
return getListOfPersistentTopics(namespaceName)
.thenCombine(getListOfNonPersistentTopics(namespaceName),
ListUtils::union);
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getFullListOfPartitionedTopic(NamespaceName namespaceName) {
NamespaceResources.PartitionedTopicResources partitionedTopicResources =
pulsar.getPulsarResources().getNamespaceResources().getPartitionedTopicResources();
return partitionedTopicResources.listPartitionedTopicsAsync(namespaceName, TopicDomain.persistent)
.thenCombine(partitionedTopicResources
.listPartitionedTopicsAsync(namespaceName, TopicDomain.non_persistent),
ListUtils::union);
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getOwnedTopicListForNamespaceBundle(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
return getFullListOfTopics(bundle.getNamespaceObject()).thenCompose(topics ->
CompletableFuture.completedFuture(
topics.stream()
.filter(topic -> bundle.includes(TopicName.get(topic)))
.collect(Collectors.toList())))
.thenCombine(getAllPartitions(bundle.getNamespaceObject()).thenCompose(topics ->
CompletableFuture.completedFuture(
topics.stream().filter(topic -> bundle.includes(TopicName.get(topic)))
.collect(Collectors.toList()))), (left, right) -> {
for (String topic : right) {
if (!left.contains(topic)) {
left.add(topic);
}
}
return left;
});
}
/***
* Check topic exists( partitioned or non-partitioned ).
*/
public CompletableFuture<TopicExistsInfo> checkTopicExists(TopicName topic) {
return pulsar.getBrokerService()
.fetchPartitionedTopicMetadataAsync(TopicName.get(topic.toString()))
.thenCompose(metadata -> {
if (metadata.partitions > 0) {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(
TopicExistsInfo.newPartitionedTopicExists(metadata.partitions));
}
return checkNonPartitionedTopicExists(topic)
.thenApply(b -> b ? TopicExistsInfo.newNonPartitionedTopicExists()
: TopicExistsInfo.newTopicNotExists());
});
}
/***
* Check non-partitioned topic exists.
*/
public CompletableFuture<Boolean> checkNonPartitionedTopicExists(TopicName topic) {
if (topic.isPersistent()) {
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getTopicResources().persistentTopicExists(topic);
} else {
return checkNonPersistentNonPartitionedTopicExists(topic.toString());
}
}
/**
* Regarding non-persistent topic, we do not know whether it exists or not. Redirect the request to the ownership
* broker of this topic. HTTP API has implemented the mechanism that redirect to ownership broker, so just call
* HTTP API here.
*/
public CompletableFuture<Boolean> checkNonPersistentNonPartitionedTopicExists(String topic) {
TopicName topicName = TopicName.get(topic);
// "non-partitioned & non-persistent" topics only exist on the owner broker.
return checkTopicOwnership(TopicName.get(topic)).thenCompose(isOwned -> {
// The current broker is the owner.
if (isOwned) {
CompletableFuture<Optional<Topic>> nonPersistentTopicFuture = pulsar.getBrokerService()
.getTopic(topic, false);
if (nonPersistentTopicFuture != null) {
return nonPersistentTopicFuture.thenApply(Optional::isPresent);
} else {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(false);
}
}
// Forward to the owner broker.
PulsarClientImpl pulsarClient;
try {
pulsarClient = (PulsarClientImpl) pulsar.getClient();
} catch (Exception ex) {
// This error will never occur.
log.error("{} Failed to get partition metadata due to create internal admin client fails", topic, ex);
return FutureUtil.failedFuture(ex);
}
LookupOptions lookupOptions = LookupOptions.builder().readOnly(false).authoritative(true).build();
return getBrokerServiceUrlAsync(TopicName.get(topic), lookupOptions)
.thenCompose(lookupResult -> {
if (!lookupResult.isPresent()) {
log.error("{} Failed to get partition metadata due can not find the owner broker", topic);
return FutureUtil.failedFuture(new ServiceUnitNotReadyException(
"No broker was available to own " + topicName));
}
LookupData lookupData = lookupResult.get().getLookupData();
String brokerUrl;
if (pulsar.getConfiguration().isBrokerClientTlsEnabled()
&& StringUtils.isNotEmpty(lookupData.getBrokerUrlTls())) {
brokerUrl = lookupData.getBrokerUrlTls();
} else {
brokerUrl = lookupData.getBrokerUrl();
}
return pulsarClient.getLookup(brokerUrl)
.getPartitionedTopicMetadata(topicName, false)
.thenApply(metadata -> true)
.exceptionallyCompose(ex -> {
Throwable actEx = FutureUtil.unwrapCompletionException(ex);
if (actEx instanceof PulsarClientException.NotFoundException
|| actEx instanceof PulsarClientException.TopicDoesNotExistException
|| actEx instanceof PulsarAdminException.NotFoundException) {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(false);
} else if (actEx instanceof PulsarClientException.FeatureNotSupportedException fe){
if (fe.getFailedFeatureCheck() == SupportsGetPartitionedMetadataWithoutAutoCreation) {
// Since the feature PIP-344 isn't supported, restore the behavior to previous
// behavior before path_to_url changes.
log.info("{} Checking the existence of a non-persistent non-partitioned topic "
+ "was performed using the behavior prior to PIP-344 changes, "
+ "because the broker does not support the PIP-344 feature "
+ "'supports_get_partitioned_metadata_without_auto_creation'.",
topic);
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(false);
} else {
log.error("{} Failed to get partition metadata", topic, ex);
return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(ex);
}
} else {
log.error("{} Failed to get partition metadata", topic, ex);
return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(ex);
}
});
});
});
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getListOfTopics(NamespaceName namespaceName, Mode mode) {
switch (mode) {
case ALL:
return getFullListOfTopics(namespaceName);
case NON_PERSISTENT:
return getListOfNonPersistentTopics(namespaceName);
case PERSISTENT:
default:
return getListOfPersistentTopics(namespaceName);
}
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getListOfUserTopics(NamespaceName namespaceName, Mode mode) {
String key = String.format("%s://%s", mode, namespaceName);
final MutableBoolean initializedByCurrentThread = new MutableBoolean();
CompletableFuture<List<String>> queryRes = inProgressQueryUserTopics.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> {
initializedByCurrentThread.setTrue();
return getListOfTopics(namespaceName, mode).thenApplyAsync(list -> {
return TopicList.filterSystemTopic(list);
}, pulsar.getExecutor());
});
if (initializedByCurrentThread.getValue()) {
queryRes.whenComplete((ignore, ex) -> {
inProgressQueryUserTopics.remove(key, queryRes);
});
}
return queryRes;
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getAllPartitions(NamespaceName namespaceName) {
return getPartitions(namespaceName, TopicDomain.persistent)
.thenCombine(getPartitions(namespaceName, TopicDomain.non_persistent),
ListUtils::union);
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getPartitions(NamespaceName namespaceName, TopicDomain topicDomain) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Getting children from partitioned-topics now: {} - {}", namespaceName, topicDomain);
}
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getNamespaceResources().getPartitionedTopicResources()
.listPartitionedTopicsAsync(namespaceName, topicDomain)
.thenCompose(topics -> {
CompletableFuture<List<String>> result = new CompletableFuture<>();
List<String> resultPartitions = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(topics)) {
List<CompletableFuture<List<String>>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
for (String topic : topics) {
CompletableFuture<List<String>> future = getPartitionsForTopic(TopicName.get(topic));
futures.add(future);
future.thenAccept(resultPartitions::addAll);
}
FutureUtil.waitForAll(futures).whenComplete((v, ex) -> {
if (ex != null) {
result.completeExceptionally(ex);
} else {
result.complete(resultPartitions);
}
});
} else {
result.complete(resultPartitions);
}
return result;
});
}
private CompletableFuture<List<String>> getPartitionsForTopic(TopicName topicName) {
return pulsar.getBrokerService().fetchPartitionedTopicMetadataAsync(topicName).thenCompose(meta -> {
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < meta.partitions; i++) {
result.add(topicName.getPartition(i).toString());
}
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(result);
});
}
/***
* List persistent topics names under a namespace, the topic name contains the partition suffix.
*/
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getListOfPersistentTopics(NamespaceName namespaceName) {
return pulsar.getPulsarResources().getTopicResources().listPersistentTopicsAsync(namespaceName);
}
public CompletableFuture<List<String>> getListOfNonPersistentTopics(NamespaceName namespaceName) {
return PulsarWebResource.checkLocalOrGetPeerReplicationCluster(pulsar, namespaceName, true)
.thenCompose(peerClusterData -> {
// if peer-cluster-data is present it means namespace is owned by that peer-cluster and request
// should redirect to the peer-cluster
if (peerClusterData != null) {
return getNonPersistentTopicsFromPeerCluster(peerClusterData, namespaceName);
} else {
// Non-persistent topics don't have managed ledgers. So we have to retrieve them from local
// cache.
List<String> topics = new ArrayList<>();
synchronized (pulsar.getBrokerService().getMultiLayerTopicMap()) {
if (pulsar.getBrokerService().getMultiLayerTopicMap()
.containsKey(namespaceName.toString())) {
pulsar.getBrokerService().getMultiLayerTopicMap().get(namespaceName.toString())
.forEach((__, bundle) -> bundle.forEach((topicName, topic) -> {
if (topic instanceof NonPersistentTopic
&& ((NonPersistentTopic) topic).isActive()) {
topics.add(topicName);
}
}));
}
}
topics.sort(null);
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(topics);
}
});
}
private CompletableFuture<List<String>> getNonPersistentTopicsFromPeerCluster(ClusterDataImpl peerClusterData,
NamespaceName namespace) {
PulsarClientImpl client = getNamespaceClient(peerClusterData);
return client.getLookup().getTopicsUnderNamespace(namespace, Mode.NON_PERSISTENT, null, null)
.thenApply(GetTopicsResult::getTopics);
}
public PulsarClientImpl getNamespaceClient(ClusterDataImpl cluster) {
PulsarClientImpl client = namespaceClients.get(cluster);
if (client != null) {
return client;
}
return namespaceClients.computeIfAbsent(cluster, key -> {
try {
ClientBuilder clientBuilder = PulsarClient.builder()
.memoryLimit(0, SizeUnit.BYTES)
.enableTcpNoDelay(false)
.statsInterval(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Apply all arbitrary configuration. This must be called before setting any fields annotated as
// @Secret on the ClientConfigurationData object because of the way they are serialized.
// See path_to_url for more information.
clientBuilder.loadConf(PropertiesUtils.filterAndMapProperties(config.getProperties(), "brokerClient_"));
// Disabled auto release useless connection.
clientBuilder.connectionMaxIdleSeconds(-1);
if (pulsar.getConfiguration().isAuthenticationEnabled()) {
clientBuilder.authentication(pulsar.getConfiguration().getBrokerClientAuthenticationPlugin(),
pulsar.getConfiguration().getBrokerClientAuthenticationParameters());
}
if (pulsar.getConfiguration().isTlsEnabled()) {
clientBuilder
.serviceUrl(isNotBlank(cluster.getBrokerServiceUrlTls())
? cluster.getBrokerServiceUrlTls() : cluster.getServiceUrlTls())
.enableTls(true)
.tlsTrustCertsFilePath(pulsar.getConfiguration().getBrokerClientTrustCertsFilePath())
.allowTlsInsecureConnection(pulsar.getConfiguration().isTlsAllowInsecureConnection())
.enableTlsHostnameVerification(pulsar.getConfiguration().isTlsHostnameVerificationEnabled())
.sslFactoryPlugin(pulsar.getConfiguration().getBrokerClientSslFactoryPlugin())
.sslFactoryPluginParams(pulsar.getConfiguration().getBrokerClientSslFactoryPluginParams());
} else {
clientBuilder.serviceUrl(isNotBlank(cluster.getBrokerServiceUrl())
? cluster.getBrokerServiceUrl() : cluster.getServiceUrl());
}
// Share all the IO threads across broker and client connections
ClientConfigurationData conf = ((ClientBuilderImpl) clientBuilder).getClientConfigurationData();
return pulsar.createClientImpl(conf);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
});
}
public CompletableFuture<Optional<NamespaceEphemeralData>> getOwnerAsync(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl extensibleLoadManager = ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get());
return extensibleLoadManager.getOwnershipWithLookupDataAsync(bundle)
.thenCompose(lookupData -> lookupData
.map(brokerLookupData ->
CompletableFuture.completedFuture(Optional.of(brokerLookupData.toNamespaceEphemeralData())))
.orElseGet(() -> CompletableFuture.completedFuture(Optional.empty())));
}
return ownershipCache.getOwnerAsync(bundle);
}
public boolean checkOwnershipPresent(NamespaceBundle bundle) throws Exception {
return checkOwnershipPresentAsync(bundle).get(pulsar.getConfiguration()
.getMetadataStoreOperationTimeoutSeconds(), SECONDS);
}
public CompletableFuture<Boolean> checkOwnershipPresentAsync(NamespaceBundle bundle) {
if (ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.isLoadManagerExtensionEnabled(pulsar)) {
ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl extensibleLoadManager = ExtensibleLoadManagerImpl.get(loadManager.get());
return extensibleLoadManager.getOwnershipAsync(Optional.empty(), bundle)
.thenApply(Optional::isPresent);
}
return getOwnerAsync(bundle).thenApply(Optional::isPresent);
}
public void unloadSLANamespace() throws Exception {
NamespaceName namespaceName = getSLAMonitorNamespace(pulsar.getBrokerId(), config);
LOG.info("Checking owner for SLA namespace {}", namespaceName);
NamespaceBundle nsFullBundle = getFullBundle(namespaceName);
if (!checkOwnershipPresent(nsFullBundle)) {
// No one owns the namespace so no point trying to unload it
// Next lookup will assign the bundle to this broker.
return;
}
LOG.info("Trying to unload SLA namespace {}", namespaceName);
PulsarAdmin adminClient = pulsar.getAdminClient();
adminClient.namespaces().unload(namespaceName.toString());
LOG.info("Namespace {} unloaded successfully", namespaceName);
}
public static NamespaceName getHeartbeatNamespace(String lookupBroker, ServiceConfiguration config) {
return NamespaceName.get(String.format(HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_FMT, config.getClusterName(), lookupBroker));
}
public static NamespaceName getHeartbeatNamespaceV2(String lookupBroker, ServiceConfiguration config) {
return NamespaceName.get(String.format(HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_FMT_V2, lookupBroker));
}
public static NamespaceName getSLAMonitorNamespace(String lookupBroker, ServiceConfiguration config) {
return NamespaceName.get(String.format(SLA_NAMESPACE_FMT, config.getClusterName(), lookupBroker));
}
public static String checkHeartbeatNamespace(ServiceUnitId ns) {
Matcher m = HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(ns.getNamespaceObject().toString());
if (m.matches()) {
LOG.debug("Heartbeat namespace matched the lookup namespace {}", ns.getNamespaceObject().toString());
return m.group(1);
} else {
return null;
}
}
public static String checkHeartbeatNamespaceV2(ServiceUnitId ns) {
Matcher m = HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN_V2.matcher(ns.getNamespaceObject().toString());
if (m.matches()) {
LOG.debug("Heartbeat namespace v2 matched the lookup namespace {}", ns.getNamespaceObject().toString());
return m.group(1);
} else {
return null;
}
}
public static String getSLAMonitorBrokerName(ServiceUnitId ns) {
Matcher m = SLA_NAMESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(ns.getNamespaceObject().toString());
if (m.matches()) {
return m.group(1);
} else {
return null;
}
}
public static boolean isSystemServiceNamespace(String namespace) {
return SYSTEM_NAMESPACE.toString().equals(namespace)
|| SLA_NAMESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(namespace).matches()
|| HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(namespace).matches()
|| HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN_V2.matcher(namespace).matches();
}
/**
* used for filtering bundles in special namespace.
* @param namespace the namespace name
* @return True if namespace is HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE or SLA_NAMESPACE
*/
public static boolean isSLAOrHeartbeatNamespace(String namespace) {
return SLA_NAMESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(namespace).matches()
|| HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(namespace).matches()
|| HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN_V2.matcher(namespace).matches();
}
public static boolean isHeartbeatNamespace(ServiceUnitId ns) {
String namespace = ns.getNamespaceObject().toString();
return HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(namespace).matches()
|| HEARTBEAT_NAMESPACE_PATTERN_V2.matcher(namespace).matches();
}
public boolean registerSLANamespace() throws PulsarServerException {
String brokerId = pulsar.getBrokerId();
boolean isNameSpaceRegistered = registerNamespace(getSLAMonitorNamespace(brokerId, config), false);
if (isNameSpaceRegistered) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Added SLA Monitoring namespace name in local cache: ns={}",
getSLAMonitorNamespace(brokerId, config));
}
} else if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("SLA Monitoring not owned by the broker: ns={}",
getSLAMonitorNamespace(brokerId, config));
}
return isNameSpaceRegistered;
}
@Override
public void close() {
namespaceClients.forEach((cluster, client) -> {
try {
client.shutdown();
} catch (PulsarClientException e) {
LOG.warn("Error shutting down namespace client for cluster {}", cluster, e);
}
});
}
}
``` |
Jeremy Michael "Jay" Jopling (born June 1963) is an English art dealer and gallerist. He is the founder of White Cube.
Early life
Jay Jopling is the son of Michael Jopling, Baron Jopling, a Conservative politician who served for some time as Minister for Agriculture in the Conservative Government led by Margaret Thatcher. Jopling was brought up in Yorkshire and educated at Eton and the University of Edinburgh, where he studied English literature and history of art, and his first job was selling fire extinguishers door-to-door.
Career
As a university student, Jopling visited Manhattan, where he forged links with post-war American artists, encouraging them to donate works for the charity auction "New Art: New World." In the late 1980s, he formed a friendship with the artist Damien Hirst. After completing his M.A. in 1984, he moved to London and began working with artists of his generation.
In May 1993, he opened the original White Cube on the first floor of 44 Duke Street, St James, in West End. Its exhibition policy was to provide a one-off showcase for both British and international artists. White Cube exhibited some of the leading contemporary artists, including Lucian Freud, Gilbert & George, Antony Gormley, Sarah Morris, Mona Hatoum, Marc Quinn, Damien Hirst, Gary Hume, Runa Islam, Jake & Dinos Chapman, Tracey Emin, Harland Miller, Sam Taylor-Wood, Gavin Turk and Cerith Wyn Evans.
In 2000, Jopling opened the larger White Cube Hoxton Square in London's East End, occupying a converted 1920s light industrial building. The gallery space closed in December 2012. White Cube Mason's Yard, situated off Duke Street, St James's—home of the original White Cube—opened in 2006. White Cube Bermondsey opened in October 2012 and is the largest of the gallery's three sites. White Cube Hong Kong, located in the heart of Hong Kong's central district, opened in March 2012. White Cube São Paulo opened in December 2012 and closed in 2015.
Jopling's most recent venture was a three-year programme of exhibitions in Brazil.
He was named one of GQ's 50 best dressed British men in 2015.
Paddle8
Jopling invested heavily in an online auction platform called Paddle8. Paddle8 merged with competitor online auction house Auctionata in early 2016. By February 2017, Auctionata declared insolvency and Paddle8 became an independent company once again.
Personal life
Jopling was married to artist Sam Taylor-Wood, together they have two daughters, Angelica (born June 1997) and Jessie Phoenix (born November 2005). In September 2008, the couple announced that they were separating amicably after 11 years of marriage.
He subsequently married Hikari Yokoyama, who works for Paddle8. In 2019, their daughter, Djuna Mei Jopling, was born.
References
External links
White Cube website
1963 births
Living people
Art dealers from London
English art dealers
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
People from Thirsk
Sons of life peers |
William MacGillivray FRSE (25 January 1796 – 4 September 1852) was a Scottish naturalist and ornithologist.
Life and work
MacGillivray was born in Old Aberdeen and brought up on Harris. He returned to Aberdeen where he studied Medicine at King's College, graduating MA in 1815. In Old Aberdeen he lived at 107 High Street.
He then became an assistant Dissector in the Anatomy classes. In 1823 he became assistant to Robert Jameson, the Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh. He was curator of the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1831, resigning in 1841 to become Regius Professor of Natural History at Marischal College, Aberdeen.
MacGillivray was a friend of American bird expert John James Audubon, and wrote a large part of Audubon's Ornithological Biographies from 1830 to 1839. Audubon named MacGillivray's warbler for him.
He died at 67 Crown Street in Aberdeen on 5 September 1852 but is buried in New Calton Cemetery in Edinburgh.
The grave faces east onto the eastern path.
Family
In 1820 he married Marion Askill from Harris. The couple had 10 children, two of whom died in infancy.
Two of MacGillivray's sons achieved recognition as naturalists. His eldest son, John MacGillivray (1822–1867), published an account of the voyage round the world of HMS Rattlesnake, to which he was the onboard naturalist. Another son, Paul, published an Aberdeen Flora in 1853, and donated 214 of his father's paintings to the Natural History Museum.
Legacy
A detailed version of MacGillivray's life, written by a namesake, was published 49 years after the ornithologist's death.
MacGillivray correctly distinguished between the hooded crow and carrion crow, but they were considered only to be subspecies for the next one and a half centuries until, in 2002, on DNA evidence, the hooded crow was awarded species status.
Works
MacGillivray's works include:
Lives of Eminent Zoologists from Aristotle to Linnaeus (1830)
A Systematic Arrangement of British Plants (1830)
The Travels and Researches of Alexander von Humboldt. (1832)
A History of British Quadrupeds (1838)
A Manual of Botany, Comprising Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology (1840)
A History of the Molluscous Animals of Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardine (1843)
A Manual of British Ornithology (1840–1842)
A History of British Birds, indigenous and migratory, in five volumes (1837–1852)
Natural History of Deeside and Braemar (1855), published posthumously
A Hebridean Naturalist's Journal 1817-1818 (1996), published posthumously
A Walk to London (1998), published posthumously
MacGillivray illustrated Henry Witham's 1833 The Internal Structure of Fossil Vegetables found in the Carboniferous and Oolitic deposits of Great Britain, and edited The Conchologist's Text-Book through several editions.
See also
Thomas Bewick
William Yarrell
References
External links
Biography at Natural History Museum
MacGillivray art collection at Natural History Museum
C. Michael Hogan (2009). Hooded Crow: Corvus cornix, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed, N. Stromberg
William MacGillivray (1901). A memorial tribute to William MacGillivray, ornithologist, Edinburgh
De Avibus Historiae: MacGillivray by Alberto Masi
1796 births
1852 deaths
People from Aberdeen
Scottish artists
Scottish ornithologists
Scottish biologists
Scottish naturalists
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Scottish zoologists
Burials at the New Calton Burial Ground
Scottish curators |
```html
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>MIPS assembly options - Using as</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Using as">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.11">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="up" href="MIPS_002dDependent.html#MIPS_002dDependent" title="MIPS-Dependent">
<link rel="prev" href="MIPS-ISA.html#MIPS-ISA" title="MIPS ISA">
<link rel="next" href="MIPS-autoextend.html#MIPS-autoextend" title="MIPS autoextend">
<link href="path_to_url" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
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pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="node">
<p>
<a name="MIPS-assembly-options"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="MIPS-autoextend.html#MIPS-autoextend">MIPS autoextend</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="MIPS-ISA.html#MIPS-ISA">MIPS ISA</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="MIPS_002dDependent.html#MIPS_002dDependent">MIPS-Dependent</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">9.27.6 Directives to control code generation</h4>
<p><a name="index-MIPS-directives-to-override-command-line-options-1502"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002emodule_007d-1503"></a>The <code>.module</code> directive allows command line options to be set directly
from assembly. The format of the directive matches the <code>.set</code>
directive but only those options which are relevant to a whole module are
supported. The effect of a <code>.module</code> directive is the same as the
corresponding command line option. Where <code>.set</code> directives support
returning to a default then the <code>.module</code> directives do not as they
define the defaults.
<p>These module-level directives must appear first in assembly.
<p>Traditional MIPS assemblers do not support this directive.
<p><a name=your_sha256_hash1504"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002eset-insn32_007d-1505"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002eset-noinsn32_007d-1506"></a>The directive <code>.set insn32</code> makes the assembler only use 32-bit
instruction encodings when generating code for the microMIPS processor.
This directive inhibits the use of any 16-bit instructions from that
point on in the assembly. The <code>.set noinsn32</code> directive allows
16-bit instructions to be accepted.
<p>Traditional MIPS assemblers do not support this directive.
</body></html>
``` |
```smalltalk
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
* on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
*/
using Amazon.Lambda.Core;
using System;
using Amazon.Lambda.RuntimeSupport.Helpers;
namespace Amazon.Lambda.RuntimeSupport
{
internal class LambdaContext : ILambdaContext
{
internal static readonly DateTime UnixEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
private LambdaEnvironment _lambdaEnvironment;
private RuntimeApiHeaders _runtimeApiHeaders;
private IDateTimeHelper _dateTimeHelper;
private long _deadlineMs;
private int _memoryLimitInMB;
private Lazy<CognitoIdentity> _cognitoIdentityLazy;
private Lazy<CognitoClientContext> _cognitoClientContextLazy;
private IConsoleLoggerWriter _consoleLogger;
public LambdaContext(RuntimeApiHeaders runtimeApiHeaders, LambdaEnvironment lambdaEnvironment, IConsoleLoggerWriter consoleLogger)
: this(runtimeApiHeaders, lambdaEnvironment, new DateTimeHelper(), consoleLogger)
{
}
public LambdaContext(RuntimeApiHeaders runtimeApiHeaders, LambdaEnvironment lambdaEnvironment, IDateTimeHelper dateTimeHelper, IConsoleLoggerWriter consoleLogger)
{
_lambdaEnvironment = lambdaEnvironment;
_runtimeApiHeaders = runtimeApiHeaders;
_dateTimeHelper = dateTimeHelper;
_consoleLogger = consoleLogger;
int.TryParse(_lambdaEnvironment.FunctionMemorySize, out _memoryLimitInMB);
long.TryParse(_runtimeApiHeaders.DeadlineMs, out _deadlineMs);
_cognitoIdentityLazy = new Lazy<CognitoIdentity>(() => CognitoIdentity.FromJson(runtimeApiHeaders.CognitoIdentityJson));
_cognitoClientContextLazy = new Lazy<CognitoClientContext>(() => CognitoClientContext.FromJson(runtimeApiHeaders.ClientContextJson));
// set environment variable so that if the function uses the XRay client it will work correctly
_lambdaEnvironment.SetXAmznTraceId(_runtimeApiHeaders.TraceId);
}
// TODO If/When Amazon.Lambda.Core is major versioned, add this to ILambdaContext.
// Until then function code can access it via the _X_AMZN_TRACE_ID environment variable set by LambdaBootstrap.
public string TraceId => _runtimeApiHeaders.TraceId;
public string AwsRequestId => _runtimeApiHeaders.AwsRequestId;
public IClientContext ClientContext => _cognitoClientContextLazy.Value;
public string FunctionName => _lambdaEnvironment.FunctionName;
public string FunctionVersion => _lambdaEnvironment.FunctionVersion;
public ICognitoIdentity Identity => _cognitoIdentityLazy.Value;
public string InvokedFunctionArn => _runtimeApiHeaders.InvokedFunctionArn;
public ILambdaLogger Logger => new LambdaConsoleLogger(_consoleLogger);
public string LogGroupName => _lambdaEnvironment.LogGroupName;
public string LogStreamName => _lambdaEnvironment.LogStreamName;
public int MemoryLimitInMB => _memoryLimitInMB;
public TimeSpan RemainingTime => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_deadlineMs - (_dateTimeHelper.UtcNow - UnixEpoch).TotalMilliseconds);
}
}
``` |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_INTERPRETER_BYTECODE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR_H_
#define V8_INTERPRETER_BYTECODE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR_H_
#include "src/base/optional.h"
#include "src/common/globals.h"
#include "src/handles/handles.h"
#include "src/interpreter/bytecode-register.h"
#include "src/interpreter/bytecodes.h"
#include "src/objects/objects.h"
#include "src/objects/smi.h"
#include "src/runtime/runtime.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
class BytecodeArray;
namespace interpreter {
class BytecodeArrayAccessor;
struct V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE JumpTableTargetOffset {
int case_value;
int target_offset;
};
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE JumpTableTargetOffsets final {
public:
// Minimal iterator implementation for use in ranged-for.
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE iterator final {
public:
iterator(int case_value, int table_offset, int table_end,
const BytecodeArrayAccessor* accessor);
JumpTableTargetOffset operator*();
iterator& operator++();
bool operator!=(const iterator& other);
private:
void UpdateAndAdvanceToValid();
const BytecodeArrayAccessor* accessor_;
Smi current_;
int index_;
int table_offset_;
int table_end_;
};
JumpTableTargetOffsets(const BytecodeArrayAccessor* accessor, int table_start,
int table_size, int case_value_base);
iterator begin() const;
iterator end() const;
int size() const;
private:
const BytecodeArrayAccessor* accessor_;
int table_start_;
int table_size_;
int case_value_base_;
};
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE AbstractBytecodeArray {
public:
virtual int length() const = 0;
virtual int parameter_count() const = 0;
virtual uint8_t get(int index) const = 0;
virtual void set(int index, uint8_t value) = 0;
virtual Address GetFirstBytecodeAddress() const = 0;
virtual Handle<Object> GetConstantAtIndex(int index,
Isolate* isolate) const = 0;
virtual bool IsConstantAtIndexSmi(int index) const = 0;
virtual Smi GetConstantAtIndexAsSmi(int index) const = 0;
virtual ~AbstractBytecodeArray() = default;
};
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE BytecodeArrayAccessor {
public:
BytecodeArrayAccessor(std::unique_ptr<AbstractBytecodeArray> bytecode_array,
int initial_offset);
BytecodeArrayAccessor(Handle<BytecodeArray> bytecode_array,
int initial_offset);
void SetOffset(int offset);
void ApplyDebugBreak();
Bytecode current_bytecode() const;
int current_bytecode_size() const;
int current_offset() const { return bytecode_offset_; }
OperandScale current_operand_scale() const { return operand_scale_; }
int current_prefix_offset() const { return prefix_offset_; }
AbstractBytecodeArray* bytecode_array() const {
return bytecode_array_.get();
}
uint32_t GetFlagOperand(int operand_index) const;
uint32_t GetUnsignedImmediateOperand(int operand_index) const;
int32_t GetImmediateOperand(int operand_index) const;
uint32_t GetIndexOperand(int operand_index) const;
FeedbackSlot GetSlotOperand(int operand_index) const;
uint32_t GetRegisterCountOperand(int operand_index) const;
Register GetRegisterOperand(int operand_index) const;
int GetRegisterOperandRange(int operand_index) const;
Runtime::FunctionId GetRuntimeIdOperand(int operand_index) const;
Runtime::FunctionId GetIntrinsicIdOperand(int operand_index) const;
uint32_t GetNativeContextIndexOperand(int operand_index) const;
Handle<Object> GetConstantAtIndex(int offset, Isolate* isolate) const;
bool IsConstantAtIndexSmi(int offset) const;
Smi GetConstantAtIndexAsSmi(int offset) const;
Handle<Object> GetConstantForIndexOperand(int operand_index,
Isolate* isolate) const;
// Returns the absolute offset of the branch target at the current bytecode.
// It is an error to call this method if the bytecode is not for a jump or
// conditional jump.
int GetJumpTargetOffset() const;
// Returns an iterator over the absolute offsets of the targets of the current
// switch bytecode's jump table. It is an error to call this method if the
// bytecode is not a switch.
JumpTableTargetOffsets GetJumpTableTargetOffsets() const;
// Returns the absolute offset of the bytecode at the given relative offset
// from the current bytecode.
int GetAbsoluteOffset(int relative_offset) const;
bool OffsetWithinBytecode(int offset) const;
std::ostream& PrintTo(std::ostream& os) const;
private:
bool OffsetInBounds() const;
uint32_t GetUnsignedOperand(int operand_index,
OperandType operand_type) const;
int32_t GetSignedOperand(int operand_index, OperandType operand_type) const;
void UpdateOperandScale();
std::unique_ptr<AbstractBytecodeArray> bytecode_array_;
int bytecode_offset_;
OperandScale operand_scale_;
int prefix_offset_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BytecodeArrayAccessor);
};
} // namespace interpreter
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
#endif // V8_INTERPRETER_BYTECODE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR_H_
``` |
snRNA-seq, also known as single nucleus RNA sequencing, single nuclei RNA sequencing or sNuc-seq, is an RNA sequencing method for profiling gene expression in cells which are difficult to isolate, such as those from tissues that are archived or which are hard to be dissociated. It is an alternative to single cell RNA seq (scRNA-seq), as it analyzes nuclei instead of intact cells.
snRNA-seq minimizes the occurrence of spurious gene expression, as the localization of fully mature ribosomes to the cytoplasm means that any mRNAs of transcription factors that are expressed after the dissociation process cannot be translated, and thus their downstream targets cannot be transcribed. Additionally, snRNA-seq technology enables the discovery of new cell types which would otherwise be difficult to isolate.
Methods and technology
The basic snRNA-seq method requires 4 main steps: tissue processing, nuclei isolation, cell sorting, and sequencing. In order to isolate and sequence RNA inside the nucleus, snRNA-seq involves using a quick and mild nuclear dissociation protocol. This protocol allows for minimization of technical issues that can affect studies, especially those concerned with immediate early gene (IEG) behavior.
The resulting dissociated cells are suspended and the suspension gently lysed, allowing the cell nuclei to be separated from their cytoplasmic lysates using centrifugation. These separated nuclei/cells are sorted using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) into individual wells, and amplified using microfluidics machinery. Sequencing occurs as normal and the data can be analyzed as appropriate for its use.
This basic snRNA-seq methodology is capable of profiling RNA from tissues that are preserved or cannot be dissociated, but it does not have high throughput capability due to its reliance on nuclei sorting by FACS. This technique cannot be scaled easily to profiling large numbers of nuclei or samples. Massively parallel scRNA-seq methods exist and can be readily scaled but their requirement of a single cell suspension as input is not ideal and eliminates some of the flexibility that is available with the snRNA-seq method in regards to the types of tissues and cells that can be examined. In response, the DroNc-Seq method of massively parallel snRNA-seq with droplet technology was developed by researchers from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. In this technique, nuclei that have been isolated from their fixed or frozen tissue are encapsulated in droplets with uniquely barcoded beads that are coated with oligonucleotides containing a 30-terminal deoxythymine (dT) stretch. This coating captures the polyadenylated mRNA content produced when the nuclei are lysed inside the droplets. The captured mRNA is reverse transcribed into cDNA after emulsion breakage. Sequencing this cDNA produces the transcriptomes of all the single nuclei being looked at and these can be used for many purposes, including identification of unique cell types.
The sequencing tools and equipment used in scRNA-seq can be used with modifications for snRNA-seq experiments. Illumina outlines a workflow for the basic snRNA-seq method which can be performed with existing equipment. DroNc-Seq can be accomplished with microfluidic platforms which are meant for the Drop-seq scRNA-seq method. However, Dolomite Bio has adapted one of their instruments, the automated Nadia platform for scRNA-seq, to be used natively for DroNc-Seq as well. This instrument could simplify the generation of single nuclei sequencing libraries, as it is being used for its intended purpose.
In regard to data analysis after sequencing, a computational pipeline known as dropSeqPipe was developed by the McCarroll Lab at Harvard. Although the pipeline was originally developed for use with Drop-seq scRNA-seq data, it can be used with DroNc-Seq data as it also utilizes droplet technology.
Difference between snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq
snRNA-seq uses isolated nuclei instead of the entire cells to profile gene expression. That is to say, scRNA-seq measures both cytoplasmic and nuclear transcripts, while snRNA-seq mainly measures nuclear transcripts (though some transcripts might be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and partially preserved in nuclear preps). This allows for snRNA-seq to process only the nucleus and not the entire cell. For this reason, compared to scRNA-seq, snRNA-Seq is more appropriate to profile gene expression in cells that are difficult to isolate (e.g. adipocytes, neurons), as well as preserved tissues.
Additionally, the nuclei required for snRNA-seq can be obtained quickly and easily from fresh, lightly fixed, or frozen tissues, whereas isolating single cells for single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) involves extended incubations and processing. This gives researchers the ability to obtain transcriptomes which are not as perturbed during isolation.
Application
In neuroscience, neurons have an interconnected nature which makes it extremely hard to isolate intact single neurons. As snRNA-seq has emerged as an alternative method of assessing a cell's transcriptome through the isolation of single nuclei, it has been possible to conduct single-neuron studies from postmortem human brain tissue. snRNA-seq has also enabled the first single neuron analysis of immediate early gene expression (IEGs) associated with memory formation in the mouse hippocampus. In 2019, Dmitry et al used the method on cortical tissue from ASD patients to identify ASD-associated transcriptomic changes in specific cell types, which is the first cell-type-specific transcriptome assessment in brains affected by ASD.
Outside of neuroscience, snRNA-seq has also been used in other research areas. In 2019, Haojia et al compared both scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq in a genomic study around the kidney. They found snRNA-seq accomplishes an equivalent gene detection rate to that of scRNA-seq in adult kidney with several significant advantages (including compatibility with frozen samples, reduced dissociation bias and so on ). In 2019, Joshi et al used snRNA-seq in a human lung biology study in which they found snRNA-seq allowed unbiased identification of cell types from frozen healthy and fibrotic lung tissues. Adult mammalian heart tissue can be extremely hard to dissociate without damaging cells, which does not allow for easy sequencing of the tissue. However, in 2020, German scientists presented the first report of sequencing an adult mammalian heart by using snRNA-seq and were able to provide practical cell‐type distributions within the heart
Pros and cons of snRNA-seq
Pros
In scRNA-seq, the dissociation process may impair some sensitive cells and some cells in certain tissues (e.g. collagenous matrix) can be extremely hard to dissociate. Such issues can be prevented in snRNA-seq as we only need to isolate a single nucleus instead of an entire single cell.
Unlike scRNA-seq, snRNA-seq has quick and mild nuclei dissociation protocols that would forestall technical issues emerging from heating, protease digestion.
snRNA-seq works very well for preserved/frozen tissues.
Cons
Sequencing RNA in the cytoplasm (gene isoforms, RNA in mitochondria and chloroplast etc.) is not possible, as snRNA-seq mostly measures nuclear transcripts.
References
RNA sequencing
Molecular biology techniques |
Horrible Geography is a series of children's non-fiction books written by Anita Ganeri, illustrated by Mike Phillips, and published in the UK by Scholastic. It is a spin-off from the Horrible Histories series, and is designed to get children interested in geography.
Reception
The Royal Meteorological Society's Metlink teaching resource reviewed Stormy Weather, calling it "engaging, accurate and interesting", and praising its conversational style and illustrations. A review in the journal Nature praised the series (along with Horrible Science) for its "sense of fun" alongside the educational content, but noted that the facts provided are occasionally misleading. Books for Keeps gave a generally positive review of Odious Oceans and Violent Volcanoes, commenting that "Ganeri’s geographical ventures represent a definite step forward for this respected writer".
Awards and sales
As of August 2011, the series has sold almost 2 million copies and been translated into more than 20 languages.
Horrible Geography: Odious Oceans, Violent Volcanoes and Stormy Weather won the Geographical Association Silver Award in 1999. In 2008, the Geographical Association also gave Horrible Geography of the World a Highly Commended Award for its contribution to school geography. The Horrible Geography Handbook: Planet in Peril won the 2009 Blue Peter Book Award for Best Book with Facts.
In 2010, Anita Ganeri was presented with the Royal Scottish Geographical Society's Joy Tivy Education Medal for "exemplary, outstanding and inspirational teaching, educational policy or work in formal and informal educational arenas".
Titles in the series
Main series and specials
Odious Oceans (1999)
Stormy Weather (1999)
Violent Volcanoes (1999)
Desperate Deserts (2000)
Earth-Shattering Earthquakes (2000)
Raging Rivers (2000)
Bloomin' Rainforests (2001)
Freaky Peaks (2001)
Perishing Poles (2002)
Intrepid Explorers (2003)
Wild Islands (2004)
Monster Lakes (2005)
Cracking Coasts (2006)
Horrible Geography of the World (2007) - name changed in later editions to Wicked World Tour
Handbooks
Wicked Weather (2008)
Wild Animals (2008)
Planet in Peril (2009)
Vile Volcanoes (2010)
Perilous Poles (2010)
Local editions
Incontenibile Italia (2007)
References
External links
Horrible Histories Official Website
Anita Ganeri, Mike Phillips collaborations at WorldCat
Book series introduced in 1999
Children's non-fiction books
Series of children's books
Horrible Histories
Scholastic Corporation books
Series of non-fiction books
British children's books |
The Bennett Collection is an art collection established and maintained by art collectors and philanthropists, Steven Alan Bennett and Dr. Elaine Melotti Schmidt of San Antonio, Texas. They are also the founders of the Bennett Prize for Women Figurative Realists, which awards $50,000 biennially to a woman figurative realist painter following a juried competition followed by a traveling exhibition of the works of the 10 finalists for the Prize.
History
Bennett and Schmidt established the collection in 2009. At that time, the couple began collecting art with a special emphasis on paintings of women by women artists. In the intervening years, the couple has acquired a collection of paintings of women by women. These works span the period from the early 1600s to the present and include works by deceased artists as well as those by important women painters working today. Both Bennett and Schmidt have stated that among their primary goals in starting the collection was to address what they viewed as systemic discrimination against women artists by ‘big art’ and to promote figurative realism, a genre they believe has fallen out of favor because of the bias of curators and museum directors in favor of abstraction and avant-garde art.
The Collection
The collection contains both contemporary and historic paintings exclusively by women artists of women subjects and sitters. The collection is also limited in that it includes only ‘figurative realist’ artworks, which the couple defines as work “in which the realistically depicted human figure is central to and a principal focus of the work.”
Initially started as a collection of works by living women painters, The Bennett Collection comprises over 200 works by women artists. As stated by Bennett, “[the collection] is a place that shows what is possible for contemporary figurative realists and provides an example of what women painters are capable of. Eventually, we would hope that both communities, figurative realists and women painters get a boost from what we are doing.” Shortly after beginning their collecting activities, Bennett and Schmidt, who are married, decided to add work by historic women painters to those of the contemporary artists already in the collection. In making this decision, the couple felt that the addition of historical women artists would boost the collectability of the work of living women artists.
The Bennett Collection includes several historic works including pieces by Mary Cassatt, Artemisia Gentileschi, Elaine de Kooning, Sarah Miriam Peale, Agnes Martin, and Suzanne Valadon. Among the living artists represented in the collection are major works by Julie Bell, Margaret Bowland, Andrea Kowch, Alyssa Monks, Zoey Frank, Xenia Hausner, SuSu, Katie O’Hagan, Harmonia Rosales, and Kathrin Longhurst, among numerous others.
References
External links
Private art collections
Art collections |
Lebeckia is a genus of plants in the family Fabaceae native to the fynbos (Cape Floristic Kingdom) of South Africa. Several members of Lebeckia were recently transferred to other genera (Calobota and Wiborgiella). Members of Lebeckia are known to produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including ammodendrine, lebeckianine, and lupanine. The genus was named by Carl Thunberg for his student Heinrich Julius Lebeck.
Species
Lebeckia comprises the following species:
Lebeckia ambigua E.Mey.
Lebeckia brevicarpa M.M.le Roux & B.-E.van Wyk
Lebeckia brevipes M.M.le Roux & B.-E.van Wyk
Lebeckia contaminata (L.) Thunb.
Lebeckia gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh.
Lebeckia grandiflora Benth.
Lebeckia longipes Bolus
Lebeckia marginata E. Mey.
Lebeckia meyeriana Eckl. and Zeyh.
Lebeckia pauciflora Eckl. & Zeyh.
Lebeckia plukenetiana E.Mey.
Lebeckia schlechteriana Schinz (unplaced)
Lebeckia sepiaria (L.) Thunb.
Lebeckia uniflora B.-E.van Wyk & M.M.le Roux
Lebeckia wrightii (Harv.) Bolus
Lebeckia zeyheri M.M.le Roux & B.-E.van Wyk
References
Crotalarieae
Fabaceae genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Endemic flora of the Cape Provinces
Taxa named by Carl Peter Thunberg |
Huanghou Township () is a township in Nanzhao County, Henan, China. , it administers Hongyang () Residential Neighborhood and the following fourteen villages:
Huanghou Village
Tianqiao Village ()
Guozhuang Village ()
Hongqi Village ()
Niangniangmiao Village ()
Beizhaodian Village ()
Suwan Village ()
Liangshuiquan Village ()
Panping Village ()
Xinzhuang Village ()
Wang Village ()
Fenshuiling Village ()
Zhuzhuang Village ()
Kangzhuang Village ()
References
Township-level divisions of Henan
Nanzhao County |
Fortesa Hoti (born 6 December 1988 in Polac village Skenderaj, Kosovo) is an Albanian-Swedish actress. She is best known for her role as Roxana Nilsson in the Swedish Television SVT’s drama series Andra Avenyn (2007). She was one of the winners of SVT’s broadcast competition for the teenagers' roles. She skipped the last year of school to take up the role, but hopes to go back to education later on. She was nominated as best female actor both for 2007 and 2008 by the newspaper Aftonbladet.
She arrived in Sweden with her family in 1992 and now lives in Gothenburg. In June 2009 Fortesa began the filming of the movie Orion which was released in 2010.
Biography
Hoti was born in Kosovo in 1988, which she was forced to leave due to the war. She came to Sweden when she was just three years old. She rose to fame thanks to her role as Roxana Nilsson in the TV series Andra Avenyn. She used emotional recall of her traumatic experiences, including the flight from Kosovo with her family, when acting as Roxana. In 2010 she acted as Anna in the movie Orion.
Filmography
2007 – Andra Avenyn
2007 - Ciao Bella as an extra
2010 - Orion as Anna
Sources
References
1988 births
Living people
Kosovan emigrants to Sweden
People from Skenderaj
Swedish television actresses
Swedish soap opera actresses
Swedish people of Albanian descent |
Lawrence Black, FRHistS, is an academic historian specialising in the political culture of twentieth-century Britain. Since 2012, he has been Professor of Modern British History at the University of York.
Career
Black graduated from the University of Exeter in 1993 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in history, before completing a Master of Arts degree in comparative social and labour history at University of Warwick the following year. He was a doctoral student at London Guildhall University from 1995 to 1999, when it awarded him a PhD for his thesis "The political culture of the left in 'affluent' Britain, 1951–1964". From 1996 to 2000, Black temporarily lectured at Kingston, Middlesex and Westminster universities, and at King's College London; he then spent two years as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Bristol, before spending a year at Westminster College as Fulbright-Robertson Professor of British History. After another year at Bristol as a lecturer, Black was appointed a lecturer at Durham University in 2004; promotions followed to a senior lectureship in 2008 and a readership in 2011. In 2012, he moved to the University of York to be Professor of Modern British History. In 2004, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
Black's research focuses on the political culture of later twentieth-century Britain, including the relationships between political parties, social movements and wider sociocultural change in the post-war decades. This has also encompassed studies of post-materialist politics in wider British politics, incorporating youth, consumer and media politics.
Publications
(Editor) Consensus or Coercion?: The State, the People and Social Cohesion in Postwar Britain (New Clarion Press, 2001).
The Political Culture of the Left in Affluent Britain, 1951–64: Old Labour, New Britain? (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
(Co-editor with Hugh Pemberton) An Affluent Society?: Britain's Post-War "Golden Age" Revisited (Ashgate, 2004).
(Co-editor with Nicole Robertson) Taking Stock: Consumerism and the Co-operative Movement in Modern British History (Manchester University Press, 2009).
(Co-editor with Hugh Pemberton and Pat Thane) Reassessing 1970s Britain (Manchester University Press, 2013).
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Alumni of the University of Warwick
Alumni of London Guildhall University
Academics of the University of Bristol
Academics of Durham University
Academics of the University of York
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society |
The sack of Vieste was led by Dragut and took place on the 15th of July in 1554. This sack resulted in the capture of the fortress, a massacre and the enslavement of thousands.
On July 15 in the year of 1554 Dragut landed in Vieste with 60 or 70 galleys. Upon his arrival the inhabitants of Vieste took shelter between a cathedral and castle which they had barricaded. The Italians negotiated a surrender and delivered gold and silver hoping it would be enough to save Vieste.
They opened the doors on the 24th of July and the Turks entered and began sacking the town. The archpriest of Vieste and his family were taken captive and ransomed.
5,000 to 7,000 inhabitants were enslaved and Dragut ordered the beheading of everyone he was unable to carry off in slavery resulting in 5,000 beheaded. One source claims the entire population of Vieste was beheaded and this event has been described as a massacre. Another raid occurred in Naples the same year where Algerians took 7,000 slaves.
See also
Sack of Lipari
References
Vieste
Kingdom of Naples
Ottoman Empire
Battles involving the Ottoman Empire |
```css
Change the style of the decoration with `text-decoration-style`
Using the `font-variant` property to transform text to small caps
Load custom fonts on a web page using `@font-face`
Comma-separated lists
`letter-spacing` property
``` |
Martin Kevin Walsh (born January 21, 1952) is an American guitarist, songwriter, arranger, composer and record producer. In 1979 Walsh had the opportunity to play on his first Billboard charting song, "Love Pains", by Yvonne Elliman. During his career as a session musician in the 1980s, Walsh participated as a guitarist on hits "I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool" by Barbara Mandrell, "9 to 5" by Dolly Parton, "She Works Hard for the Money" by Donna Summer and "Heartlight" by Neil Diamond. Among Walsh's credits on albums of artists such as John Denver, Eddie Kendricks, Seals and Crofts, Julio Iglesias, Kenny Rogers and John Fogerty, he was also a touring musician with Supertramp., and took part in recording the albums Brother Where You Bound in 1985 and Free as a Bird in 1987. Walsh perform in three LeAnn Rimes' albums in the late 1990s, Sittin' on Top of the World (1998), LeAnn Rimes (1999) and I Need You (2001)
Aside from his session work, Walsh has written music for Air Supply, Gary Wright, Agnetha Fältskog of ABBA, and a number of television series including Roundhouse. Walsh was also seen on Eddie Money's music video for "Shakin'" as the rhythm guitarist in 1982.
Currently, Walsh is an assistant professor at the Berklee College of Music in the ensemble and music production departments in Boston, Massachusetts.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male musicians
American male guitarists
American male songwriters
American music arrangers
American rock guitarists
American session musicians
Record producers from California
Berklee College of Music faculty |
This article is the list of streaming television films from Disney Branded Television, National Geographic and divisions of The Walt Disney Studios including 20th Century Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios and Lucasfilm which premiered on Disney+, an over-the-top subscription video on-demand service owned by the Disney Entertainment division of The Walt Disney Company since its launch in the United States on November 12, 2019.
Original films
Feature films
Documentaries
Specials
These films are one-time events or supplementary content related to original or Walt Disney Pictures films.
Shorts
These are programs that have a runtime of less than 20 minutes.
Livestreams
Non-English language
Feature films
Documentaries
Specials and shorts
Regional original films
These films are originals because Disney+ commissioned or acquired them and had their premiere on the service, but they are only available in specific Disney+ territories.
Exclusive films
These films premiered on the service without the Disney+ Original label. Availability may vary across regions.
Feature films
Documentaries
Shorts
Livestreams
Premier Access
Disney+ Premier Access is a premium release strategy for the global on-demand Internet streaming media provider, owned and operated by Disney. The Premier Access option was created to ensure people could still access major new releases in areas with closed movie theaters, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The first film released with Premier Access was the 2020 live-action release Mulan. The films are released to Disney+ in most markets on the same day as their theatrical release (with the exception of Mulan, which was only initially released through Premier Access), and can be accessed for a one-time payment of US$29.99 (or an approximately equivalent payment in local currency). Unlike other premium video-on-demand releases, which typically expire within 48 hours of first viewing, Premier Access films can be rewatched as many times as desired, provided the customer remains subscribed to Disney+. However, these films are eventually made available on Disney+ without the need for an additional payment, typically 60–90 days after release.
Jungle Cruise was the final film released in 2021 as part of the strategy, as Disney committed to giving the rest of their 2021 (and later, 2022) theatrical releases a minimum 45 day exclusivity window in theaters before becoming available through other outlets (like Disney+, Hulu, HBO Max, and/or transactional VOD, depending on the label the film was released under), with the exception of Encanto and Strange World, which were given a 30 day exclusivity window in theaters so Disney could make the films available on Disney+ in time for the holiday season.
Premier Access is not available in France. Mulan was instead made exclusively available in France via Disney+, at no additional charge, on December 4, 2020, the same date as it became available to the remaining Disney+ subscribers globally. The other Premier Access films received regular theatrical releases in France, but will not be available to stream on Disney+ in that country until at least 36 months after release, due to local regulations. Despite these regulations being revised to shorten the window in January 2022, Disney opposed them, stating that they were "not consumer friendly", and subsequently announced in June 2022 that Strange World would not receive a theatrical release in France and go straight to Disney+ in the region (following a theatrical release in other regions), with Disney also announcing that the status of their future theatrical releases in France would be determined on a case-by-case basis.
Upcoming films
Feature films
Documentaries
Specials
Shorts
See also
List of Star (Disney+) original programming#Original films
List of Disney+ Hotstar original films#Disney+ Originals
Notes
References
External links
Disney+
Lists of films by studio
Lists of films released by Disney |
Mount Tom is a village in the city of Easthampton, Massachusetts, in the United States. It is located in a narrow strip of land between Mount Tom (the mountain) to the south, the Connecticut River to the east, and The Oxbow, an old channel of the Connecticut River, to the north. Interstate 91, U.S. Route 5, and Pan Am Railways' tracks all pass through the village's vicinity as they follow the Connecticut River.
References
Villages in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts
Massachusetts populated places on the Connecticut River
Villages in Massachusetts |
The Sou'wester 51 CC is an American sailboat that was designed by McCurdy & Rhodes as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1986.
The Sou'wester 51 CC is a center cockpit development of the Sou'wester 51.
Production
The design was built by Hinckley Yachts in the United States, starting in 1986, but it is now out of production.
Design
The Sou'wester 51 CC is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig; a raked stem; a raised counter, angled transom, a rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel with a retractable centerboard. A fin keel and a shoal draft Sheel keel were both factory options. The boat displaces and carries of lead ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the centerboard extended and with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water. It is fitted with a inboard engine for docking and maneuvering.
The design has sleeping accommodation for eight people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, an "U"-shaped settee with a drop-down table and a straight settee in the main cabin and two aft cabins with a double berth on the starboard side and a single berth on the port side. The galley is located on the starboard side just aft of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a three-burner stove, an ice box and a double sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the port side. There are two heads, one just aft of the bow cabin on the port side and one on the port side in the aft cabin. Both have showers.
The design has a hull speed of .
See also
List of sailing boat types
References
Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by McCurdy & Rhodes
Sailboat types built by Hinckley Yachts |
```xml
var arr1 = [1, 3, 2];
arr1.reverse();
console.log(arr1);
var arr2 = ["def", "abc", "aba", "ced", "meh"];
console.log(arr2.reverse());
var arr3 = ["abc", "def"];
console.log(arr3.reverse());
``` |
Waki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościelec, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Kościelec, west of Koło, and east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Waki |
```asciidoc
xref::overview/apoc.redis/apoc.redis.push.adoc[apoc.redis.push icon:book[]] +
`apoc.redis.push(uri, key, values, \{config}) | Execute the 'LPUSH key field values' command, or the 'RPUSH' if config right=true (default)`
label:procedure[]
label:apoc-full[]
``` |
```c++
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// Original code copyright 2014 Foxit Software Inc. path_to_url
#include "fxjs/cjs_color.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include "core/fxge/cfx_color.h"
#include "fxjs/cjs_event_context.h"
#include "fxjs/cjs_eventhandler.h"
#include "fxjs/cjs_object.h"
#include "fxjs/cjs_runtime.h"
#include "fxjs/js_define.h"
const JSPropertySpec CJS_Color::PropertySpecs[] = {
{"black", get_black_static, set_black_static},
{"blue", get_blue_static, set_blue_static},
{"cyan", get_cyan_static, set_cyan_static},
{"dkGray", get_dark_gray_static, set_dark_gray_static},
{"gray", get_gray_static, set_gray_static},
{"green", get_green_static, set_green_static},
{"ltGray", get_light_gray_static, set_light_gray_static},
{"magenta", get_magenta_static, set_magenta_static},
{"red", get_red_static, set_red_static},
{"transparent", get_transparent_static, set_transparent_static},
{"white", get_white_static, set_white_static},
{"yellow", get_yellow_static, set_yellow_static}};
const JSMethodSpec CJS_Color::MethodSpecs[] = {{"convert", convert_static},
{"equal", equal_static}};
int CJS_Color::ObjDefnID = -1;
const char CJS_Color::kName[] = "color";
// static
int CJS_Color::GetObjDefnID() {
return ObjDefnID;
}
// static
void CJS_Color::DefineJSObjects(CFXJS_Engine* pEngine) {
ObjDefnID = pEngine->DefineObj(CJS_Color::kName, FXJSOBJTYPE_STATIC,
JSConstructor<CJS_Color>, JSDestructor);
DefineProps(pEngine, ObjDefnID, PropertySpecs);
DefineMethods(pEngine, ObjDefnID, MethodSpecs);
}
// static
v8::Local<v8::Array> CJS_Color::ConvertPWLColorToArray(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
const CFX_Color& color) {
v8::Local<v8::Array> array;
switch (color.nColorType) {
case CFX_Color::kTransparent:
array = pRuntime->NewArray();
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 0, pRuntime->NewString("T"));
break;
case CFX_Color::kGray:
array = pRuntime->NewArray();
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 0, pRuntime->NewString("G"));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 1, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor1));
break;
case CFX_Color::kRGB:
array = pRuntime->NewArray();
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 0, pRuntime->NewString("RGB"));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 1, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor1));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 2, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor2));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 3, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor3));
break;
case CFX_Color::kCMYK:
array = pRuntime->NewArray();
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 0, pRuntime->NewString("CMYK"));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 1, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor1));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 2, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor2));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 3, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor3));
pRuntime->PutArrayElement(array, 4, pRuntime->NewNumber(color.fColor4));
break;
}
return array;
}
// static
CFX_Color CJS_Color::ConvertArrayToPWLColor(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Array> array) {
int nArrayLen = pRuntime->GetArrayLength(array);
if (nArrayLen < 1)
return CFX_Color();
WideString sSpace =
pRuntime->ToWideString(pRuntime->GetArrayElement(array, 0));
if (sSpace.EqualsASCII("T"))
return CFX_Color(CFX_Color::kTransparent);
float d1 = 0;
if (nArrayLen > 1) {
d1 = static_cast<float>(
pRuntime->ToDouble(pRuntime->GetArrayElement(array, 1)));
}
if (sSpace.EqualsASCII("G"))
return CFX_Color(CFX_Color::kGray, d1);
float d2 = 0;
float d3 = 0;
if (nArrayLen > 2) {
d2 = static_cast<float>(
pRuntime->ToDouble(pRuntime->GetArrayElement(array, 2)));
}
if (nArrayLen > 3) {
d3 = static_cast<float>(
pRuntime->ToDouble(pRuntime->GetArrayElement(array, 3)));
}
if (sSpace.EqualsASCII("RGB"))
return CFX_Color(CFX_Color::kRGB, d1, d2, d3);
float d4 = 0;
if (nArrayLen > 4) {
d4 = static_cast<float>(
pRuntime->ToDouble(pRuntime->GetArrayElement(array, 4)));
}
if (sSpace.EqualsASCII("CMYK"))
return CFX_Color(CFX_Color::kCMYK, d1, d2, d3, d4);
return CFX_Color();
}
CJS_Color::CJS_Color(v8::Local<v8::Object> pObject, CJS_Runtime* pRuntime)
: CJS_Object(pObject, pRuntime),
m_crTransparent(CFX_Color::kTransparent),
m_crBlack(CFX_Color::kGray, 0),
m_crWhite(CFX_Color::kGray, 1),
m_crRed(CFX_Color::kRGB, 1, 0, 0),
m_crGreen(CFX_Color::kRGB, 0, 1, 0),
m_crBlue(CFX_Color::kRGB, 0, 0, 1),
m_crCyan(CFX_Color::kCMYK, 1, 0, 0, 0),
m_crMagenta(CFX_Color::kCMYK, 0, 1, 0, 0),
m_crYellow(CFX_Color::kCMYK, 0, 0, 1, 0),
m_crDKGray(CFX_Color::kGray, 0.25),
m_crGray(CFX_Color::kGray, 0.5),
m_crLTGray(CFX_Color::kGray, 0.75) {}
CJS_Color::~CJS_Color() = default;
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_transparent(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crTransparent);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_transparent(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crTransparent);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_black(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crBlack);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_black(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crBlack);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_white(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crWhite);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_white(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crWhite);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_red(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crRed);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_red(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crRed);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_green(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crGreen);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_green(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crGreen);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_blue(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crBlue);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_blue(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crBlue);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_cyan(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crCyan);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_cyan(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crCyan);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_magenta(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crMagenta);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_magenta(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crMagenta);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_yellow(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crYellow);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_yellow(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crYellow);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_dark_gray(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crDKGray);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_dark_gray(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crDKGray);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_gray(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crGray);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_gray(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crGray);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::get_light_gray(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime) {
return GetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, &m_crLTGray);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::set_light_gray(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp) {
return SetPropertyHelper(pRuntime, vp, &m_crLTGray);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::GetPropertyHelper(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime, CFX_Color* var) {
v8::Local<v8::Value> array = ConvertPWLColorToArray(pRuntime, *var);
if (array.IsEmpty())
return CJS_Result::Success(pRuntime->NewArray());
return CJS_Result::Success(array);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::SetPropertyHelper(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
v8::Local<v8::Value> vp,
CFX_Color* var) {
if (vp.IsEmpty())
return CJS_Result::Failure(JSMessage::kParamError);
if (!vp->IsArray())
return CJS_Result::Failure(JSMessage::kTypeError);
*var = ConvertArrayToPWLColor(pRuntime, pRuntime->ToArray(vp));
return CJS_Result::Success();
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::convert(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params) {
if (params.size() < 2)
return CJS_Result::Failure(JSMessage::kParamError);
if (params[0].IsEmpty() || !params[0]->IsArray())
return CJS_Result::Failure(JSMessage::kTypeError);
WideString sDestSpace = pRuntime->ToWideString(params[1]);
int nColorType = CFX_Color::kTransparent;
if (sDestSpace.EqualsASCII("T"))
nColorType = CFX_Color::kTransparent;
else if (sDestSpace.EqualsASCII("G"))
nColorType = CFX_Color::kGray;
else if (sDestSpace.EqualsASCII("RGB"))
nColorType = CFX_Color::kRGB;
else if (sDestSpace.EqualsASCII("CMYK"))
nColorType = CFX_Color::kCMYK;
CFX_Color color =
ConvertArrayToPWLColor(pRuntime, pRuntime->ToArray(params[0]));
v8::Local<v8::Value> array =
ConvertPWLColorToArray(pRuntime, color.ConvertColorType(nColorType));
if (array.IsEmpty())
return CJS_Result::Success(pRuntime->NewArray());
return CJS_Result::Success(array);
}
CJS_Result CJS_Color::equal(CJS_Runtime* pRuntime,
const std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Value>>& params) {
if (params.size() < 2)
return CJS_Result::Failure(JSMessage::kParamError);
if (params[0].IsEmpty() || !params[0]->IsArray() || params[1].IsEmpty() ||
!params[1]->IsArray()) {
return CJS_Result::Failure(JSMessage::kTypeError);
}
CFX_Color color1 =
ConvertArrayToPWLColor(pRuntime, pRuntime->ToArray(params[0]));
CFX_Color color2 =
ConvertArrayToPWLColor(pRuntime, pRuntime->ToArray(params[1]));
// Relies on higher values having more components.
int32_t best = std::max(color1.nColorType, color2.nColorType);
return CJS_Result::Success(pRuntime->NewBoolean(
color1.ConvertColorType(best) == color2.ConvertColorType(best)));
}
``` |
is a Japanese-Canadian anime television series produced by TMS Entertainment, Dentsu Inc., and Nelvana Limited under the direction of Mitsuo Hashimoto. The story centers on the lives of creatures called Bakugan and the "battle brawlers" who possess them. The Bakugan franchise itself is a joint venture between Sega Toys and Spin Master.
Although originally broadcast by TV Tokyo in Japan, follow-up seasons (New Vestroia and Gundalian Invaders) premiered in Canada and the US before Japan. The fourth and final season, Mechtanium Surge, was never broadcast in Japan and instead aired in North American markets. However, a Japan-exclusive manga series, Baku Tech! Bakugan, ran from August 15, 2010, to January 15, 2014. This received an anime adaptation aired on TV Tokyo from April 7, 2012, to March 30, 2013, followed by a second season called Baku Tech! Bakugan Gachi which ran from April 6, 2013, to December 28, 2013.
In 2015, Spin Master revealed plans to relaunch Bakugan. The relaunch was later announced on November 30, 2017, to occur in the first quarter of 2019, with the series title announced as Bakugan: Battle Planet. The new series premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States on December 23, 2018, while Canada's Teletoon premiered the series on December 31, 2018.
On June 16, 2023, a trailer for another reboot of Bakugan was released on YouTube. The reboot was released on Netflix on September 1, 2023 and will air on Disney XD on September 23, 2023. The first two episodes were previewed on Roblox on August 4, 2023.
Plot
Season 1
Dan Kuso's life changes one day when strange cards fall out of the sky and he grabs one, which he and his friend Shun use to invent a game they call "Bakugan." With other friends, they formed a group called the "Bakugan Battle Brawlers." They are then accidentally dragged into fighting for the fate of Vestroia (the home dimension of the Bakugans).
Vestroia loses its natural balance and merges with the Earth and many other worlds. A rogue Bakugan called "Naga" has been tempted to capture the power of the Infinity and Silent Cores, which together formed the Perfect Core that balanced Vestroia, but Naga has absorbed too much negative energy and thus has been trapped within the Silent Core, destabilizing Vestroia. Naga now seeks the mighty Infinity Core so that he can complete the all-powerful Perfect Core and have absolute control over the Earth and Vestroia.
Season 2: New Vestroia
Three years have passed by since the Brawlers defeated Naga and bid farewell to the Bakugan. Drago sacrificed his physical body to become the new Perfect Core, uniting the Bakugan's fractured homeworld and forming New Vestroia. However, aliens arrive on New Vestroia, and begin colonizing the Bakugan's home, unaware that the Bakugan are intelligent beings. The Bakugan are returned to their primitive ball forms. Upon the defeat of Tigrerra, the last of the Fighting Bakugan of the Battle Brawlers, Drago is freed from his role as the Core of Vestroia and seeks the help of Dan once again to help save his world.
However, he chooses to leave behind the rest of the Battle Brawlers (minus Alice and Shun, who are elsewhere), out of concern for their safety. Despite this, Marucho trails closely behind, leaving Runo and Julie behind. Upon arriving at New Vestroia, Dan and Marucho encounter three Vestals: Mira, Ace and Baron, members of the Bakugan Brawlers Resistance. Along the way, the brawlers reunite with Shun, who also joins the Resistance.
While battling against the evil Vexos, Vestal's top brawlers, who also serve the Vestal royal family, the Resistance manage to destroy each of the three Dimension Controllers that keep the Bakugan in their ball form, liberating New Vestroia. The Brawlers return to Earth, with the rest of the resistance returning back home to Vestal. They reassemble six months later when they learn that King Zenoheld of Vestal attacked the Six Ancient Warriors in an attempt to steal their Attribute Energies. The Six Ancient Warriors engaged in a 6-on-1 battle with Zenoheld, but were unable to defeat Zenoheld's Mechanical Bakugan, Farbros.
In desperation, the Ancient Warriors give the Resistance Bakugan their attribute energies to protect them from Zenoheld, who reveals the Bakugan Termination System, a machine built to wipe out all Bakugan, but requires the Attribute Energies now held by the Resistance's Bakugan to power it. These energies result in the six Bakugan evolving. After losing half the energies, the Brawlers decided to attack instead, engaging in a temporary alliance with Spectra Phantom, the former leader of the Vexos, along with his sidekick Gus Grav. However, the remaining energies are taken as the result of a trap field, and the Brawlers rush to New Vestroia to evacuate all the Bakugan. Drago, however, refuses to give up, and manages to destroy the BT System by absorbing all 6 Attribute Energies and evolves again into Helix Dragonoid.
Things quiet down briefly, until Spectra resurfaces again to battle Dan; upon losing, he concedes that Drago is the strongest Bakugan and joins the Brawlers, returning to his original self, Keith Fermin. Keith reveals that Zenoheld is working on a powerful weapon called the Alternative System and helps construct Battle Gear for Drago. Meanwhile, the Vexos begin crumbling from within as both Volt and Lync revolt, feeling that Zenoheld has crossed the line, but they are quickly disposed of by Prince Hydron. In the final battle, the Brawlers, Spectra, and Gus, manage to destroy the Alternative System, ending Zenoheld once and for all. With the Alternative crisis over, Dan, Shun, and Marucho bid farewell to the Resistance and returned to Earth. Weeks after, the trio were greeted by Ren Krawler, a Darkus Brawler from Gundalia.
Season 3: Gundalian Invaders
After defeating Zenoheld, the Brawlers return to Earth and with the help of a newcomer Ren, who helps restore Bakugan Interspace. However, Ren is not all that he seems to be and reveals that he is a Gundalian in need of help, claiming that his planet Gundalia, is under attack by Neathia. Shun is not convinced and discovers, that Ren is lying once Princess Fabia showed and proved Ren's story wrong, revealing that Neathia is in attack by Gundalians instead, under the command of Barodius, their tyrannical emperor who wants to harness the power of Sacred Orb, the source of all Bakugan DNA. The Brawlers agree to help Fabia and head to Neathia to help fight off the Gundalians. Meanwhile, Ren begins showing signs of distrust for Barodius and eventually defects to rejoin the Brawlers. Unfortunately, Jake is captured by Kazarina (Gundalia's leading Bakugan scientist) and brainwashed, so the Brawlers head to Gundalia to rescue him along with Ren's imprisoned teammates (who were imprisoned for failure), joined by Nurzak (a former advisor to Barodius, who turned against him when he saw he would lead Gundalia to ruin) and Mason Brown (a teammate who had escaped imprisonment, and who had also sided with Neathia). Once they do, the Twelve Orders mount a final attack on Neathia. The Brawlers rush back in time to defend the planet while Dan and Barodius engage in their final battle. Ren and Mason's teammates Jesse Glenn, Lena Isis and Zenet Surrow are freed from their brainwashed state after Kazarina's demise at the hands of Gill. Linehalt uses his Forbidden Powers to restore the war-torn Neathia, while Barodius and Dharak are destroyed by an overload of vast energy and power from the Sacred Orb (which they tried to take anyway, despite Dan and Drago defeating them), which grants Drago new strength and abilities, allows him to evolve into Titanium Dragonoid and granting him the status of rule over all Bakugan.
Season 4: Mechtanium Surge
Part 1
The Brawlers' reign as number one in Bakugan Interspace is ended by two new powerful teams: Team Anubias and Team Sellon. To make matters worse, Dan and Drago continuously suffer from visions sent to them by Mag Mel and Razenoid. These cause them to lose fans rapidly when Drago loses control in battle several times, threatening the lives of all the citizens in Interspace. Shun and Marucho find themselves unable to help as Dan is keeping everything to himself. When Dan loses control once again and nearly kills Anubias in battle, all of Dan's fans abandon him and he leaves for New Vestroia to train. Shun, meanwhile, takes the reins of leader of the Battle Brawlers and charges himself with the task of returning the Brawlers to their former glory. He becomes more and more uncaring and brushes off all opinions but his own while Marucho and Shun try to help him be a better leader. Paige and Rafe show up to learn from them, but find them in disarray. Meanwhile, Dan and Drago fix their problem and prepare to come back. Eventually, Dan controls Drago's powers as Marucho and Shun reunite and join up with Paige and Rafe. When the Chaos Bakugan start destroying Interspace, Spectra, who has recently changed his attribute from Pyrus to Darkus, appears out of nowhere to help the Brawlers out and destroys many of the Chaos Bakugan. Afterwards, Dan returns, but is out of sync and accidentally defeats his fellow brawlers with Zenthon. He tells them later about Mag Mel (Spectra left beforehand, disappointed in Dan having changed). Shun walks out and dismisses Taylean's words. Dan later has a vision (which is true) about Gundalia being attacked by Mag Mel (who is now free). Dan arrives and tells them about Gundalia, which Paige confirms unexpectedly. The Brawlers dismiss Dan and don't let him go, but Dan says somewhat angrily that he's not asking; he's telling them that he is an original brawler and isn't gonna be cut from this fight. They let him come along and save Ren's home world.
Then they face Mag Mel and discover Interspace being destroyed, so they go back to Earth to save it but they are trapped and must figure a way to save the gate, the key, the battlers and Interspace. Just then, Anubias and Sellon reveal themselves as artificial life forms created by Mag Mel to assure his resurrection and succeeded in taking Dan's Key. In a new battle, Dan finds out that Mag Mel is actually Barodius, who survived his last encounter on Neathia after being transported to the dark reversed dimension created by Code Eve. He later plans to destroy Earth, Gundalia, Neathia, Vestal and New Vestroia by sending every civilization to the dark reversed dimension. Dan and Drago have a final brawl against Mag Mel and Razenoid with Drago evolving one more time into the legendary Fusion Dragonoid. They manage to win, but before "disappearing", Mag Mel says that his final demise will cause another disaster to befall on Dan and Drago.
Part 2
A few months later, Bakugan City is shown to have a peaceful start as humans have now communed with the Bakugan from New Vestroia. Not all is well when 4 Mechtogan led by Coredegon, who have broken free from their Bakugan, start terrorizing the place. Not only that, but some new enemy called Wiseman has appeared with ancient Bakugan called the Nonets. At the beginning, The Brawlers get confused because Wiseman somehow had the appearance of Gunz Lazar, the new Haos Brawler who disappeared after the four Mechtogan attacked Bakugan City. But it was later revealed that Wiseman was actually Coredegon in disguise while the real Gunz was put in a coma so his negative energy was absorbed. After Coredegon alongside his pals (in his combined form as a Mechtogan Destroyer) sent the Brawlers to the Doom Dimension, he completely destroyed the Earth and New Vestroia. With Gunz back to his normal state, Dan and the others travel through time in order to stop Mechtavius Destroyer from killing every human and Bakugan. In the final battle, Dragonoid Destroyer, who is Drago's last Mechtogan, acquires an infinite power that comes from the bond between Bakugan and humans all over the world, which gave them a chance to defeat the Nonet Mechtogan and send them back between dimensions. Dan's friends throw him a party, but soon discover Dan is missing. Shun sees Dan and Drago sailing off using a boat borrowed from Kato. Dan says that another adventure is waiting for him and Drago, and that he had enough time in the spotlight, such that he wants to let other Brawlers rise to his rank.
Other media
Anime series
Bakugan Battle Brawlers
The first episode of the anime television series (produced by TMS Entertainment, Dentsu Inc., and Japan Vistec under the direction of Mitsuo Hashimoto), made its debut in Japan on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2007, and was rebroadcast six days later on BS Japan. Nelvana Limited produced the English-language version and premiered the series on the Canadian network Teletoon in July 2007 and then on Cartoon Network on February 24, 2008. An alternative English dub produced by Odex with all the character names kept in Japanese premiered on Cartoon Network Singapore. The series currently reruns on Kabillion.
New Vestroia
In March 2009, TMS and Nelvana Entertainment companies announced that a follow-up series, , consisting of 26 episodes was in production. The series began airing on April 12, 2009, on Teletoon in Canada, followed by Cartoon Network in the U.S on May 9, 2009. Due to the ratings in Canada, New Vestroia was extended with an additional 26 episode order.
The Cartoon Network website aired a special called Maxus Unleashed, and marks a synopsis about the first 26 episodes.
New Vestroia was broadcast in Japan on TV Tokyo from March 2, 2010, at 7:00PM. The opening song, titled "Cho! Saikyo! Warriors", is once again performed by Psychic Lover. The first ending was "Bang! Bang! Bakugan!" by Yoshifumi Ushima, while the second ending was "Communication Breakdown" by Crush Tears.
Gundalian Invaders
Publicly announced through Bakugan.com, the official My.Bakugan.com community, and other media, Spin Master announced a third series, titled . It premiered in Canada on May 23, 2010, and aired in the United States on May 29, 2010. The Japanese version premiered on April 3, 2011, and ended on January 22, 2012, before being replaced by the Japanese dub of Zoobles! in its initial timeslot. The new series ties into the online game Bakugan Dimensions through the use of special heat-reveal DNA codes on the new series of Gundalian Invaders Bakugan.
The first opening song "Ready Go!" is done by Sissy, while the second opening, "Mega・Meta", is done by Yu Kobayashi, who is Dan's voice actor. The first ending song, "Love the Music", is done by Lisp, while the second, "Tan-Kyu-Shin", is done by KREVA, and the third is "Love Go! Courage Go!", which was performed by TAKUYA.
Mechtanium Surge
In September 2010, Nelvana Entertainment announced a fourth and final season to the Bakugan series titled , which launched on February 13, 2011, in Canada and in United States on March 5, 2011. It was originally set for 26 episodes but was later extended to 46. While Mechtanium Surge was produced for North American audiences and was never aired in Japan, a localized version aired in Taiwan and Hong Kong, using a modified version of the New Vestroia credit animations and songs.
Baku Tech! Bakugan
In September 2010, Japanese children's anthology magazine CoroCoro Comic began serializing a Bakugan manga by Shingo Maki titled . The series starred a new cast of characters not related to the anime series. As of August 2011, three volumes have been collected. The anime adaptation of Baku Tech! Bakugan was animated by Shogakukan Music & Digital Entertainment and began aired on TV Tokyo from April 7, 2012, to March 30, 2013, as a segment on the show Oha Coro. It was followed by a sequel called Baku Tech! Bakugan Gachi which aired from April 6, 2013, to December 28, 2013.
Baku Tech! Bakugan Gachi
It is the sequel to Baku Tech! Bakugan which aired from April 6, 2013, to December 28, 2013, on TV Tokyo.
Bakugan: Battle Planet
In late 2018, a reboot of the brand was launched in North America.
Games
Strategic game
A strategic game called Bakugan was developed by Sega Toys and Spin Master and released in conjunction with the anime series, albeit beginning a year before the anime even started (2006). The game uses spherical, spring-loaded miniature figures, representing the Bakugan, which pop open when rolled onto special metal Gate cards. The objective of the game is to capture three Gate cards.
Reception
Bakugan marbles have been one of the top rated toys for children, winning awards and selling thousands of marbles a year. The original series 1 and 2 (B1 Bakugan) were smaller, and all Bakugan after series 3 called Bakupearl (B2 Bakugan) are larger and the current size.
According to IGN, it was one of the leading kids games for the Nintendo DS in 2009. The Toy Industry Association gave Bakugan Battle Brawlers the 2009 Property of the Year award, recognizing the property that has had the greatest success spreading its brand throughout the industry that year.
Card game
The card game is played with a deck of 56 cards, consisting of 5 each of ranks 1–10, plus six additional cards which have special abilities in addition to a rank. There is no suit distinction. Although it's conceptually a trick-taking game, the player who wins the trick only saves one card on his score pile, discarding the rest; this allows for special cases where there is no single winner. At the beginning of each hand, each player rolls one die to determine the target number of captures. At the end of the hand, that player accumulates a penalty score equal to the difference between the target number and the actual number captured. The game lasts until some player has scored ten points, and the lowest score is the winner.
Merchandising and product promotions
Toys and electronics
In August 2009, Digital Blue announced a line of Bakugan branded electronics for the 20–55 (as confirmed in an interview of popular toys marketed at kids) age group. Products include branded digital cameras, alarm clocks and other electronics. The line was released in retail in Spring 2009.
The franchise generated significant revenue from merchandising and toy sales. By 2009, Bakugan had generated in toy sales. In 2010, licensed merchandise sold worldwide. By 2010, the franchise had generated a total of in merchandise sales.
Video games
On June 6, 2010, Spin Master announced on Bakugan.com that they were working on the online game 'Bakugan Dimensions' which would be released online for all Operating Systems that supported Adobe Flash. It was released for open Beta on June 2, 2010, but the beta was shut down on June 30, 2011, because the season for Gundalian Invaders had finished.
The DS, Wii, PlayStation 2 and 3, and Xbox 360 also developed a Bakugan game that follows the story of a player's original character with an attribute of its choice. It acts as an alternate plot to the series.
Other
In 2009, Frito-Lay introduced a set of 26 Bakugan tazos in packages of Cheetos in India. The promotion, which ran from June 10 to August 10, 2009, included a contest in which consumers could win other Bakugan prizes.
Similar products
At least since 2016, Spin Master sued Alpha (over Screechers Wild!), Lingdong (over Eonster Hunter) and both Choirock and Mattel (over Turning Mecard), alleging that the rival toys in question breached the Canadian company's patents related to Bakugan toys. Later, Spin Master and Alpha reached a settlement, in which Alpha would stop selling Screechers Wild! toys in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom after January 31, 2019. Spin Master lost a case over Turning Mecard in Mainland China against Choirock in March 2019, but the lawsuits filed against Mattel in Canada, the United States and Mexico are still ongoing as of January 2019.
Notes
References
External links
Official website
Nelvana's Bakugan website
Bakugan
2007 anime television series debuts
2009 anime television series debuts
2010 anime television series debuts
2011 anime television series debuts
Japanese children's animated action television series
Japanese children's animated adventure television series
Japanese children's animated comic science fiction television series
Japanese children's animated science fantasy television series
Canadian children's animated action television series
Canadian children's animated adventure television series
Canadian children's animated comic science fiction television series
Canadian children's animated science fantasy television series
Adventure anime and manga
Superhero teams
Card games in anime and manga
Fantasy anime and manga
Fictional sextets
Television series by Nelvana
TVB
TV Tokyo original programming
Toonami
Animated television series about children
Anime and manga about parallel universes
Anime television series based on video games
Television series about parallel universes
TMS Entertainment
Teletoon original programming
Television shows based on toys |
```smalltalk
namespace Amazon.Lambda.SimpleEmailEvents.Actions
{
public interface IReceiptAction
{
string Type { get; set; }
}
}
``` |
Marcus Alan Crocker is an English former professional footballer.
Career
He started as a youth player at Plymouth Argyle and progressed to the first team where he made his first senior start in the 1992–93 season. He made a total of 10 league appearances for Plymouth, and his last senior game for them was on 26 December 1994 against Swansea City. He joined Bath City on a month's loan in January 1995, scoring in his first three games for the club. He was released by Plymouth at the end of the 1994–95 season and joined Dorchester Town, later playing for St Blazey and Plymouth Parkway.
In April 2000 Crocker was playing for Tavistock.
By October 2001 he had rejoined Plymouth Parkway, from where he joined Newquay in December 2006.
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Plymouth, Devon
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Bath City F.C. players
Dorchester Town F.C. players
St Blazey A.F.C. players
Plymouth Parkway F.C. players
Tavistock A.F.C. players
Newquay A.F.C. players
English Football League players |
Ondřej Vrzal (born 1 March 1987) is a Czech former football player who played in the Czech First League for clubs including Dukla Prague, Viktoria Plzeň and Jablonec.
Career
Vrzal started playing football with FSC Libuš as a boy, later moving to the youth team of Slavia Prague. He joined FC Viktoria Plzeň in 2007, taking part in 10 league games during his time with the club. While at Plzeň Vrzal suffered a cruciate ligament injury. He joined Dukla Prague, then of the second league, on loan in February 2010. After the club finished the 2009–10 season in sixth position, Vrzal was re-signed to Dukla on a year-long loan. Vrzal finally made his move to Dukla permanent in June 2012, signing a two-year contract. During the winter break of the 2013–14 season, Vrzal joined FK Baumit Jablonec on loan. After making three league appearances for Jablonec, Vrzal was one of a number of players released by the club at the end of the season. Vrzal joined Bohemians 1905 on loan in the winter break of the 2016–17 season.
Career statistics
References
External links
Guardian Football
Czech men's footballers
1987 births
Living people
Czech First League players
SK Slavia Prague players
FC Viktoria Plzeň players
FK Dukla Prague players
FK Jablonec players
Bohemians 1905 players
Men's association football defenders |
Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,212. Its county seat is Ellsworth.
Pierce County is part of the Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Native American were the first to live in what became Pierce County, as evidenced in the burial mounds near Diamond Bluff. Evidence indicates that this area has been inhabited for 10,000 to 12,000 years. In 1840, St. Croix County covered a large portion of northwest Wisconsin Territory. In 1853, the Wisconsin State Legislature split St. Croix County into Pierce, Polk, and Saint Croix counties. Pierce County was named for Franklin Pierce, the fourteenth president of the United States.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (3.1%) is water.
Adjacent counties
St. Croix County – north
Dunn County – northeast
Pepin County – southeast
Goodhue County, Minnesota – south
Dakota County, Minnesota – southwest
Washington County, Minnesota – west
National protected area
Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway (part)
Demographics
2020 census
As of the census of 2020, the population was 42,212. The population density was . There were 16,780 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 92.3% White, 1.0% Black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.5% Native American, 1.1% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 36,804 people, 13,015 households, and 9,032 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 13,493 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 98.01% White, 0.25% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. 0.82% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 41.0% were of German, 16.2% Norwegian, 7.1% Swedish and 7.1% Irish ancestry.
There were 13,015 households, out of which 35.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 7.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.60% were non-families. 21.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 17.00% from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 20.80% from 45 to 64, and 9.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 97.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.20 males.
In 2017, there were 386 births, giving a general fertility rate of 43.7 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the lowest rate out of all 72 Wisconsin counties.
Communities
Cities
Prescott
River Falls (partly in St. Croix County)
Villages
Bay City
Ellsworth (county seat)
Elmwood
Maiden Rock
Plum City
Spring Valley (partly in St. Croix County)
Towns
Clifton
Diamond Bluff
El Paso
Ellsworth
Gilman
Hartland
Isabelle
Maiden Rock
Martell
Oak Grove
River Falls
Rock Elm
Salem
Spring Lake
Trenton
Trimbelle
Union
Census-designated places
Diamond Bluff
Hager City
Unincorporated communities
Beldenville
El Paso
Esdaile
Exile
Hatchville (partial)
Lawton
Lund
Martell
Moeville
Morton Corner
Nerike
North Red Wing
Oakridge
Olivet
Ono
Ottman Corners
Pucketville
Rock Elm
Salem
Smith Landing
Snows Corner
Trenton
Trimbelle
Viking (partial)
Warrentown
Waverly
Ghost town/neighborhood
Brasington
Transportation
Railroads
BNSF
Buses
List of intercity bus stops in Wisconsin
Politics
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pierce County, Wisconsin
The First Review of Pierce County
References
Further reading
, UWRF ARC F 587 .P6 H5
, UWRF ARC F 587 .P6 P5 vol. 1.
External links
Pierce County government website
Pierce County map from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation
Minneapolis–Saint Paul
Wisconsin counties on the Mississippi River
1853 establishments in Wisconsin
Populated places established in 1853 |
The Hewes Street station is a local station on the BMT Jamaica Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Hewes Street and Broadway in Brooklyn, it is served by the J train at all times except weekdays in the peak direction and the M train at all times except late nights. The Z train skips this station when it operates.
History
The Union Elevated Railroad, leased to the Brooklyn Elevated Railroad, opened an elevated line above Broadway from Gates Avenue northwest to Driggs Avenue in Williamsburg on June 25, 1888, with a station at Hewes Street.
Station layout
This elevated station, built four stories above street level, has two side platforms and three tracks. The center track is used by the J and Z trains in the peak direction weekday midday and rush hours. Each platform has beige windscreens, green canopies, and red roofs that run from end to end.
The artwork here is called El in 16 Notes by Mara Held. It features sixteen panels of art glass, each containing random geometric shapes and is based on shapes found in dress patterns.
Exits
The station has exits on both the west (railroad north) end and the east (railroad south) end of its platforms.
On the west end, each platform has a single staircase leading to an elevated station house beneath the tracks. It has a turnstile bank and token booth. Outside of fare control, two staircases lead to the western corners of Broadway and Hooper Street. Each staircase landing has an exit-only turnstile to allow passengers to exit without having to go through the station house.
On the east end, each platform has a single staircase leading to a turnstile bank. Outside of fare control, a single staircase from each side leads to the eastern corners of Broadway and Hewes Street. The station house has been removed. These exits were closed in the 1980s due to high crime and served as emergency exits until 2018. They were reopened on November 16, 2018 to accommodate L train riders who would be displaced during the 14th Street Tunnel shutdown in 2019–2020. As part of the tunnel shutdown plans, these exits would also contain a temporary MetroCard transfer to the nearby Broadway station on the , during weekends and late nights. The transfer was honored through the end of May 2020, even though L train tunnel work was completed on April 26.
Gallery
References
External links
Station Reporter — J Train
Station Reporter — M Train
The Subway Nut — Hewes Street Pictures
MTA's Arts For Transit — Hewes Street (BMT Jamaica Line)
Hooper Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
Hewes Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
Platforms from Google Maps Street View
BMT Jamaica Line stations
1888 establishments in New York (state)
New York City Subway stations in Brooklyn
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1888
Williamsburg, Brooklyn |
Nana on a Dolphin is a public artwork by French sculptor Niki de Saint Phalle. Nana on a Dolphin is part of the National Museum of Women in the Arts New York Avenue Sculpture Project and has also been on display at the home of Nicole Salinger in Provence, France.
Description
In the style of de Saint Phalle's work, Nana on a Dolphin depicts one of her signature Nanas standing on the back of a brilliantly colored dolphin. The dolphin is covered in bright colored mosaic tiles with a slight grin to its lip line. Just in front of the dolphin's top fin stands Nana, balanced on her left foot with her right foot kicked behind her. Her faceless head and body are orange and she wears a silver bathing suit with de Saint Phalle's signature heart on the proper left breast and black tile on the proper right. In her right hand she holds a red ball and her left hand is thrown behind her back. The statue stands on a steel pole which is bolted into a concrete block.
New York Avenue Sculpture Project
Nana on a Dolphin is one of the many sculptures being installed for the Project by the National Museum of Women in the Arts. By 2015 a selection of sculptures will be installed along New York Avenue from 13th Street to 9th Street, in the heart of Mount Vernon Square. The museums efforts are in part to bring "character" to an area where "there is a lot of good stuff going on," due to revitalization programs in the neighborhood. de Saint Phalle's works, four in total, are the first in a series of installations. The museums installation of de Saint Phalle's iconic pop art works are meant to be contrasting to the traditional sculpture that graces the streets and squares of Washington.
These works will remain up for one year, before being returned to the artists foundation.
Installation
The artwork was installed mid-April 2010, being delivered to its placement location by way of a flat-bed semi-truck in crates. Each piece was removed and placed by way of a crane.
Dedication
Nana on a Dolphin, along with the other de Saint Phalle sculptures in the project, were dedicated at 1:30 p.m. on April 28, 2010., with an evening reception within the museum. Jill Biden, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Jack Evans, National Museum of Women in the Arts founder Wilhelmina Holladay and de Saint Phalle's granddaughter Bloum Cardenas, along with members of the D.C. BID, District of Columbia Department of Transportation, D.C. Office of the Planning, among others, attended the ribbon cutting.
Conservation
The entire selection of de Saint Phalle's works are removed during the winter for conservation purposes, only to reappear in the Spring.
Reception
Washington Post art critic Blake Gopnik stated that the pieces are "less weighty than what we hope to find inside our museums." Glopnik believed the pieces were nothing like the Picasso or van Gogh works that are often expected. "They are probably best enjoyed at a nice downtown clip of 15 or 20 mph."
Gopnik also touches on the idea of the works being from a woman-based museum: "Wouldn't you imagine that when a women's museum makes its most public statement yet, it would avoid any hint of decor or fluff?" Describing de Saint Phalle's works as "scary and aggressive" versus what others often describe as jubilant and goofy. Overall, he describes the works as plop art.
See also
Les Trois Grâces, another sculpture in the project.
List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 2
References
External links
Niki Charitable Art Foundation, de Saint Phalle's foundation
1999 sculptures
Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.
Fiberglass sculptures in Washington, D.C.
Sculptures of dolphins
Animal sculptures in Washington, D.C. |
Joly is an impact crater on Mars, located at 74.7°S latitude and 42.7°W longitude in the Mare Australe quadrangle. It measures in diameter and was named after Irish physicist John Joly (1857–1933). The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).
Spiders
During the winter, much frost accumulates. It freezes out directly onto the surface of the permanent polar cap, which is made of water ice covered with layers of dust and sand. The deposit begins as a layer of dusty frost. Over the winter, it recrystallizes and becomes denser. The dust and sand particles caught in the frost slowly sink. By the time temperatures rise in the spring, the frost layer has become a slab of semi-transparent ice about thick, lying on a substrate of dark sand and dust. This dark material absorbs light and causes the ice to sublimate (turn directly into a gas) Eventually much gas accumulates and becomes pressurized. When it finds a weak spot, the gas escapes and blows out the dust. Speeds can reach . Dark channels can sometimes be seen; they are called "spiders." The surface appears covered with dark spots when this process is occurring.
Many ideas have been advanced to explain these features. These features can be seen in some of the pictures below.
See also
Climate of Mars
Geology of Mars
Geyser (Mars)
Impact crater
Impact event
List of craters on Mars
Ore resources on Mars
Planetary nomenclature
References
Mare Australe quadrangle
Impact craters on Mars |
Lake Puyallup developed along the south edge of the Puget Sound Glacier. The glacier was in retreat northward after having reached its most southerly point. Drainage off the north face of Mount Rainier and the melting ice of the glacier was trapped in the valley of the Puyallup River. As the glacier moved north, the lake grew until it reached its largest capacity with the glacier at the glacial front across the Puyallup valley just south of Commencement Bay at Tacoma and northern bend of the White River at Auburn. When the ice retreated further north, it was reduced in depth and volume and takes on the name of Lake Tacoma.
The Ohop Channel
Lake Puyallup initial drain was south through the Ohop channel. The Ohop served as the drain for the Carbon and Puyallup rivers to the Nisqually. The divide between the future north-flowing rivers and the Nisqually was Lake Kapowsin at above sea level. From Lake Kapowsin, the valley of Ohop Creek, through Ohop Lake to the Nisqually.
The pass between the Puyallup River and Lake Kapowsin is wide and deep. At Eatonville, it is deep and perhaps wide. Between the pass and Eatonville, the valley descends about to the mile (0.6 km). Beyond Eatonville the grade is about to the mile (0.6 km).
The west side of the Puyallup trough stands about above sea level south of Orting to a north. West of this was the low land draining towards Lake Russell, thus blocking this westward drain. This remained the outflow until the glacier retreated further north, opening a new lower channel at Clover Creek.
See also
Glacial Lake Russell
References
Skokomish
Skokomish
Pierce County, Washington
King County, Washington
Thurston County, Washington
Geography of Washington (state)
Puyallup |
The 21st Mechanized Brigade () is a brigade of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed on January 21st, 2023.
History
As of February 2023, the brigade is in the stage of formation. The brigade has been involved in the 2023 Ukrainian Counteroffensive.
Structure
As of 2023 the brigade's structure is as follows:
21st Mechanized Brigade,
Brigade's Headquarters
1st Mechanized Battalion
2nd Mechanized Battalion
3rd Mechanized Battalion
19th Separate Rifle Battalion
Tank Battalion
Artillery Group
Anti-Aircraft Defense Battalion
Reconnaissance Company
Engineer Battalion
Logistic Battalion
Maintenance Battalion
Signal Company
Radar Company
Medical Company
Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence Company
References
Military units and formations of Ukraine in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Military units and formations established in 2023
Mechanized brigades of Ukraine |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<color name="red_600_red_300">@color/red_300</color>
<color name="components_interactive">@color/red_400</color>
</resources>
``` |
The Bountiful Utah Temple is the 47th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
The Bountiful Temple is the eighth temple constructed in the state of Utah.
History
The history of the temple site began back in 1897, when John Haven Barlow Sr. purchased of land from the United States government. Because of lack of water and the steep terrain, little could be done with the land. In 1947 some of the land was cleared and four hundred apricot trees were planted. In the spring of 1983, flash flooding caused a great deal of damage in Bountiful, resulting in the decision to build a dam across the canyon to limit the flow of water during heavy rainstorms. The city requested the use of the soil from the future temple site, so construction crews removed over two hundred thousand cubic yards of soil, leaving the area an ideal spot on which the Latter-day Saint temple would later be built.
After considering numerous sites for the temple, the final decision was made on April 3, 1988, by church's First Presidency. Four years later, on May 2, 1992, the groundbreaking took place and on January 8, 1995, church president Howard W. Hunter dedicated the Bountiful Utah Temple. Two hundred thousand Latter-day Saints attended the dedicatory sessions, more than had ever previously attended a temple dedication.
On May 22, 2016, lightning struck the top of the Bountiful Utah temple. The strike damaged the angel Moroni statue atop the temple, causing it to lose part of its head and back. The statue, made of fiberglass and covered in gold leaf, was replaced two weeks after it was hit.
The Bountiful Utah Temple has a total of , four ordinance rooms, and eight sealing rooms.
In 2020, the Bountiful Utah Temple was temporarily closed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
Presidents
Notable presidents of the Bountiful Utah Temple include James O. Mason (2000–03) and Robert H. Garff (2012–15). The current president is Melvyn K. Reeves (2021-)
Gallery
See also
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah
James O. Mason, former temple president
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
References
External links
Bountiful Utah Temple Official site
Bountiful Utah Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
20th-century Latter Day Saint temples in the United States
Buildings and structures in Bountiful, Utah
Temples (LDS Church) completed in 1994
Temples (LDS Church) in Utah
1995 establishments in Utah |
```java
package utilities;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class SubprocessUttility {
private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(SubprocessUttility.class.getName());
/**
* Execute a command in the runtime environment
* @param command The command to execute
* @param cwd directory in which the command should be executed. Set null or empty string to execute in the current directory
* @return stdout and stderr of the command
* @throws ExecutionException if there is any exception encountered.
*/
public static String[] execute(String command, String cwd) throws ExecutionException {
final File dir;
if (cwd != null && !cwd.isEmpty()) {
dir = new File(cwd);
} else {
dir = null;
}
return execute(command, new ExceptableFunction<Void, Process, IOException>() {
@Override
public Process apply(Void d) throws IOException {
return Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command, null, dir);
}
});
}
/**
* Execute a command in the runtime environment
* @param command The command to execute
* @param cwd directory in which the command should be executed. Set null or empty string to execute in the current directory
* @return stdout and stderr of the command
* @throws ExecutionException if there is any exception encountered.
*/
public static String[] execute(String[] command, String cwd) throws ExecutionException {
final File dir;
if (cwd != null && !cwd.isEmpty()) {
dir = new File(cwd);
} else {
dir = null;
}
return execute(String.join(" ", Arrays.asList(command)), new ExceptableFunction<Void, Process, IOException>() {
@Override
public Process apply(Void d) throws IOException {
return Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command, null, dir);
}
});
}
private static String[] execute(String command, ExceptableFunction<Void, Process, IOException> processSupplier) throws ExecutionException {
// 0 for stdout, 1 for stderr.
final boolean[] fail = new boolean[2];
try {
StringBuffer stdout = new StringBuffer();
StringBuffer stderr = new StringBuffer();
// Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command, null, dir);
Process process = processSupplier.apply(null);
BufferedReader bufferStdout = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
BufferedReader bufferStderr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
readFromStream(bufferStdout, stdout);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Exception encountered reading stdout of command $" + command, e);
fail[0] = true;
}
}
};
t1.start();
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
readFromStream(bufferStderr, stderr);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Exception encountered reading stderr of command $" + command, e);
fail[1] = true;
}
}
};
t2.start();
t1.join();
t2.join();
process.waitFor();
if (fail[0] || fail[1]) {
LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Exception encountered when executing command $" + command);
throw new ExecutionException();
}
return new String[] {stdout.toString(), stderr.toString()};
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Exception encountered while running command " + command, e);
throw new ExecutionException();
}
}
private static void readFromStream(BufferedReader reader, StringBuffer output) throws IOException {
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
String trimmed = line.trim();
if (trimmed.length() == 0) {
continue;
}
output.append(trimmed);
output.append("\n");
}
}
/**
* Execute a command in the runtime environment
* @param command The command to execute
* @param cwd directory in which the command should be executed. Set null to execute in the current directory
* @return stdout of the command, or empty string if there is any exception encountered.
*/
public static String execute(String command, File cwd) throws ExecutionException {
String path = null;
if (cwd != null) {
path = cwd.getPath();
}
return execute(command, path)[0];
}
/**
* Execute a command in the runtime environment
* @param command The command to execute
* @return stdout of the command, or empty string if there is any exception encountered.
*/
public static String execute(String command) throws ExecutionException {
return execute(command, "")[0];
}
public static class ExecutionException extends Exception {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6688739122137565700L;
private ExecutionException() {}
}
private SubprocessUttility() {}
}
``` |
Lisa Maxwell may refer to:
Lisa Maxwell (actress) (born 1963), English actress and television presenter
Lisa Maxwell (singer, songwriter), Australian singer and songwriter |
David Eastwood (30 March 1848 – 17 May 1903) was an English first-class cricketer, who played twenty nine matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1870 and 1877.
Born in Lascelles Hall, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England, Eastwood was a right slow round arm bowler who took twenty catches and scored 807 first-class runs, with a top score of 68, at an average of 13.22. His bowling netted 36 wickets at an average of 19.83, with best figures of 6 for 69. His first-class career lasted from 1870 to 1879.
Eastwood died in May 1903, in Sheepridge, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, aged 55.
References
1848 births
1903 deaths
Yorkshire cricketers
Cricketers from Huddersfield
English cricketers
Players cricketers
North v South cricketers
United North of England Eleven cricketers
London United Eleven cricketers
English cricketers of 1864 to 1889 |
The following highways are numbered 868:
United States |
Saanane Island National Park is a Tanzanian national park in Mwanza. The park is located on an island in Lake Victoria and can be reached by boat from the TANAPA offices on Capri Point in Mwanza town. It is named after the local farmer and fisherman Mzee Saanane Chavandi.
History
The park, at the time known as "Saa Nane Island Game Sanctuary", was accidentally bombed during the air campaign of the Uganda–Tanzania War of 1978–1979. On 29 March 1979, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi ordered one of his Tupolev Tu-22 bombers to attack Mwanza, hoping to thereby intimidate the Tanzanian government into calling off its invasion of Uganda. The Tu-22 completely missed the city, however, and its five anti-personnel rockets instead hit the game sanctuary, slightly injuring one worker and killing several animals. According to journalists Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey, six antelopes as well as many birds were killed. In contrast, intelligence analyst Kenneth M. Pollack stated that "a large number of antelope" was killed.
Fauna
The island is home to various species of mammals, including the velvet monkey, wild cat, zebra and rock hyrax, amongst others. It is the only place in Tanzania where De-brazza's monkeys are found. Over 40 species of bird have also been recorded here.
See also
Rubondo Island National Park
References
Works cited
National parks of Tanzania
2013 establishments in Tanzania
Geography of Mwanza Region
Protected areas established in 2013
Tourist attractions in the Mwanza Region |
The president of Portugal, officially the president of the Portuguese Republic (, ), is the head of state and highest office of Portugal.
The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, and their relation with the prime minister and cabinets have over time differed with the various Portuguese constitutions. Currently, in the Third Republic, a semi-presidential system, the President holds no direct executive power, unlike his counterparts in the United States and France. However, he is more than a merely ceremonial figure as is typically the case with parliamentary systems: one of his most significant responsibilities is the promulgation of all laws enacted by the Assembly of the Republic (parliament) or the Government (an act without which such laws have no legal validity), with an alternative option to veto them (although this veto can be overcome in the case of laws approved by Parliament) or send them to the Constitutional Court for appreciation of whether they violate the Constitution. This and other abilities imply that the president of Portugal does not fit clearly into either of the three traditional powers – legislative, executive and judicial –, acting instead as a sort of "moderating power" among the traditional three.
The current President of Portugal is Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who took office on 9 March 2016.
Role
The Portuguese Third Republic is a semi-presidential system. Unlike most European presidents, who are largely ceremonial figures, the Portuguese president is invested with more extensive powers. Although the prime minister and parliament oversee and direct much of Portugal's actual governmental affairs, the president wields significant influence and authority, especially in the fields of national security and foreign policy (but still less than "strong" semi-presidential systems, such as France or Romania). The president is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces, holds the nation's most senior office, and outranks all other politicians.
The president's greatest power is his ability to appoint the prime minister. However, since the Assembly of the Republic has the sole power to dismiss the prime minister's government, the prime minister named by the president must have the confidence of a majority of representatives in the assembly, otherwise the prime minister may face a motion of no confidence. The president has the discretionary power to dissolve parliament when he sees fit (colloquially known as the "atomic bomb" in Portugal), and President Jorge Sampaio made use of this prerogative in late 2004 to remove the controversial government of Pedro Santana Lopes, despite the absolute majority of deputies supporting the government. In 2003, President Sampaio also intervened to limit the Portuguese participation in the Iraq War – as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces he forbade the deployment of the Portuguese Army in a war that he personally disagreed with, clashing with the then–prime minister José Manuel Barroso. Because of this, the Government eventually deployed 128 members of the National Republican Guard (GNR) to Iraq from 2003 to 2005, this being possible because the GNR, despite being a military force, was not part of the Armed Forces.
Prior to the Carnation Revolution, the powers of the presidency varied widely; some presidents were virtual dictators (such as Pais, and Carmona in his early years), while others were little more than figureheads (such as Carmona in his later years, Craveiro Lopes, and Américo Tomás. During the Estado Novo, the president was nominally vested with near-dictatorial powers, but in practice supreme power was held by António de Oliveira Salazar, the President of the Council of Ministers).
Powers
The constitution grants the following powers to the president:
The President of the Republic exercises the functions of Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and Grand Master of the Three Orders, and appoints and dismisses, on a proposal from the Government, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces and the heads of General Staff of the three branches of the Armed Forces.
The President of the Republic can dissolve the Assembly of the Republic, which implies the need to call new legislative elections and, after these have been held, the resignation of the Government.
The President of the Republic appoints the Prime Minister taking into account the electoral results and appoints the remaining members of the Government on the proposal of the Prime Minister. The President can, on the other hand, dismiss the Government when this becomes necessary to ensure the regular functioning of democratic institutions.
The governing bodies of the autonomous regions may be dissolved by the President of the Republic, for carrying out serious acts contrary to the Constitution.
The President of the Republic declares the state of siege and emergency, after hearing the Government and under authorization from the Assembly of the Republic.
Upon a proposal from the Government and with authorization from the Assembly of the Republic, the President of the Republic may declare war in the event of effective or imminent aggression and make peace.
The President of the Republic promulgates or signs and, consequently, can veto the promulgation or signature of laws, decree-laws, regulatory decrees and other Government decrees.
In the domain of his competences in international relations, the President of the Republic ratifies international treaties.
The President of the Republic decides on the convening of the referendum whose holding is proposed by the Assembly of the Republic.
The President of the Republic may request the Constitutional Court to pre-empt the constitutionality of norms contained in international conventions or decrees that have been sent to him for promulgation as an organic law, law or decree-law.
The President of the Republic appoints and exonerates, in some cases on a proposal from the Government, holders of important State bodies such as the Representatives of the Republic for the autonomous regions, the President of the Court of Auditors and the Attorney General of the Republic, five members of the Council of State and two members of the Superior Council of the Judiciary.
The President of the Republic appoints the ambassadors and extraordinary envoys, on a proposal from the Government, and accredits the foreign diplomatic representatives.
The President of the Republic, after hearing the Government, pardons and commutes sentences.
Election
Under the Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976, in the wake of the 1974 Carnation Revolution, the president is elected to a five-year term. He may be reelected any number of times, but not more than twice in a row. The official residence of the Portuguese president is the Belém Palace in Lisbon.
The president is elected in a two-round system: if no candidate reaches 50% of the votes during the first round, the two candidates with the most votes face each other in a second round held two weeks later. However, the second round has only been needed once, during the 1986 presidential election. To date, all of the elected presidents since the Carnation Revolution have served for two consecutive terms, and presidents consistently rank as the most popular political figure in the country. During his time in office, however, the popularity of former president Aníbal Cavaco Silva plummeted, making him the second-least popular political figure in the country, just above the then-prime minister, and the first Portuguese president after 1974 to have a negative popularity.
Under article 132 of the Constitution, if the president dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, the president of the Assembly assumes the office with restricted powers until a new president can be inaugurated following fresh elections.
2021 presidential election
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Candidates
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" rowspan="2"|Supporting parties
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan="2"|First round
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;"|Votes
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;"|%
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
|align=left|Social Democratic Party, People's Party
|align="right" |2,531,692
|align="right" |60.66
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" |
|align=left|Ana Gomes
|align=left|People–Animals–Nature, LIVRE
|align="right" |540,823
|align="right" |12.96
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=#202056 align="center" |
|align=left|André Ventura
|align=left|CHEGA
|align="right" |497,746
|align="right" |11.93
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=red align="center" |
|align=left|João Ferreira
|align=left|Portuguese Communist Party, Ecologist Party "The Greens"
|align="right" |179,764
|align="right" |4.31
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor= align="center" |
|align=left|Marisa Matias
|align=left|Left Bloc, Socialist Alternative Movement
|align="right" |165,127
|align="right" |3.96
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=#00ADEF align="center" |
|align=left|Tiago Mayan Gonçalves
|align=left|Liberal Initiative
|align="right" |134,991
|align="right" |3.23
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=LightSeaGreen align="center" |
|align=left|Vitorino Silva
|align=left|React, Include, Recycle
|align="right" |123,031
|align="right" |2.95
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,173,174
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|-
|align=right colspan="3"|Blank ballots
|width="65" align="right" |47,164
|width="40" align="right" |1.11
|-
|align=right colspan="3" |Invalid ballots
|width="65" align="right"|38,018
|width="40" align="right"|0.89
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,258,356
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|colspan=3|Registered voters/turnout
||10,847,434||39.26
|-
|colspan=5 align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
|}
Graphical timeline (since 1910)
State visits
See also
Politics of Portugal
Notes
References
External links
1910 establishments in Portugal |
The Langenstein family is an extinct Swiss noble family that came from Langenstein Castle in Melchnau in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. Only two generations of the family are known. In 1194 the family helped found the Cistercian St. Urban's Abbey. The family became extinct in the early 13th century, though much of their land was inherited by the Grünenbergs.
History
The House of Langenstein had their family seat on the Grünenberg Castle hill above the village of Melchnau. Archeological digs on the site have found evidence of a 10th or 11th century wooden castle, below later stone castles. This wooden castle was the first High Medieval fortification on the hill. The name of the family likely came from the long stony crest of the hill and may have originally been langer Stein or long stone in English.
The family owned land in the Rot (a tributary of the Murg river) and Langete river valleys. The family may have settled in the valley to begin colonizing the empty forest between the County of Burgundy in the west and the Alamannia territories in the east.
The first time the Langenstein family appears, is in an unconfirmed record from 1148, when they supposedly founded an Augustinian Canons Regular.
First generation
The first recorded generation of the Langenstein family consisted of five siblings; Ulrich the knight, the two clergymen Lütold and Werner I. and two sisters Willebirk (Willbirgis) and Adelheid. Ulrich was mentioned in 1191 as the owner of a church in Rot, now in the hamlet of Chlyrot in Untersteckholz. His brothers were both clergymen at that church, Werner I was the head of the canons and Lütold was the priest. Ulrich's wife was Mechtild, the widow of Baron Werner II of Signau, who died in 1178.
Willebirk (mentioned 1197) was married to the Baron and Knight Arnold of Kapfenberg (who was mentioned in 1200). Her sister, Adelheid (mentioned 1197-1239) had Baron Burkhard of Balm (mentioned by 1201) for a husband.
Between 1191-1194 the three Langenstein brothers founded a Cistercian monastery. Diethelm of Krenkingen, Bishop of Constance, confirmed the donation and that it was accepted by the General Chapter of the Order at Citeaux in 1194. The mother monastery, Lützel Abbey, sent twelve monks under the Abbot Konrad to establish an Abbey on the Langenstein lands. However, the first location in the Rot valley proved inadequate and in 1195, the monks moved about down the valley to establish St. Urban's Abbey.
Second generation
Baron Ulrich died in 1212. He left several children, including a daughter, Anna (1197–1224) and two sons, Werner II (mentioned before 1212-1214) and Heinrich (first mentioned before 1212 and died after 1234). The existence of another son named Cuno is uncertain.
Ulrich's daughter Anna is probably the wife of the knight Ulrich I (mentioned from before 1218 to before 1224) from the highly respected family of Grünenberg. The majority of the Langenstein descendants had already founded their own families, such as the Balm family, a generation before. Therefore, Anna became the primary heiress to the Langenstein lands. With her marriage to Ulrich of Grünenberg, she brought the Langenstein lands into the Grünenberg family. Anna died seven days after the death of her husband, but not before her and her sons made a large donation to the Abbey of St. Urban.
During the second half of the 13th century, another member of the Langenstein family, Iddah of Langenstein and her husband Heinz of Luternau were involved in a bloody struggle for supremacy in the market town of Langenthal. The bloody conflict, which devastated the Abbey of St. Urban, had the descendants of Iddah and Heinz fighting against the main branch of Langenstein descendants, Heinrich II and Markwart I of Grünenberg.
Coat of arms
There are several different versions of the insignia of the Barons of Langenstein. One appears only in the 14th century and features a pacing red lion on a transversely divided blue-white field.
In the Zurich Wappenrolle it is completely different; Argent, an eagle gules charged on its tail with a crown azure.
Reichenau ministeriales
The Barons of Langenstein are not to be confused with the Ministerialis (unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) family of Langenstein, who were in the service of Reichenau Abbey. This family consisted of Arnold I of Langenstein (mentioned 1271 and 1272) and his sons Hugo the Younger (mentioned before 1271 and after 1298), Berthold, Arnold and Frederick II. In 1271, they granted the island of Mainau, which they were holding as a fief for the Abbey, to the Teutonic Order. In 1272, the Order established a Commandry and allowed Hugo and another of his brothers to live there. Hugo was a Middle High German poet and he wrote an extensive poem about the life and martyrdom of Martina of Rome. This family took their name from Langenstein Castle in Hegau in southern Germany.
References
Literature
With maps, charts and photos.
External links
Private Website about the Lords of Grünenberg and their ancestors
History of Bern
Swiss noble families
Swiss nobility
Roman Catholic families |
```c
// Code generated by gioui.org/cpu/cmd/compile DO NOT EDIT.
//go:build linux && (arm64 || arm || amd64)
// +build linux
// +build arm64 arm amd64
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include "abi.h"
#include "runtime.h"
#include "binning_abi.h"
const struct program_info binning_program_info = {
.has_cbarriers = 1,
.min_memory_size = 100000,
.desc_set_size = sizeof(struct binning_descriptor_set_layout),
.workgroup_size_x = 128,
.workgroup_size_y = 1,
.workgroup_size_z = 1,
.begin = binning_coroutine_begin,
.await = binning_coroutine_await,
.destroy = binning_coroutine_destroy,
};
``` |
Hitchcock Independent School District is a public school district based in Hitchcock, Texas, United States. In addition to Hitchcock, the district serves parts of La Marque (including Delaney Cove) Tiki Island and the Saltgrass Crossing Subdivision.
In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Hitchcock ISD 2015- 2016 accountability Rating according to the Texas Education Agency is IMPROVEMENT REQUIRED.
Hitchcock ISD received a warning for LOW ACCOUNTABILITY marks in 2011 and 2013.
Schools
Hitchcock High School (Grades 9-12)
Crosby Middle School (Grades 6-8)
Stewart Elementary School (Grades 3-5)
Hitchcock Primary (Grades PK-2)
References
External links
School districts in Galveston County, Texas |
John J. Ricks (September 26, 1867 – August 31, 1920) was a professional baseball player who played third base in the Major Leagues for the 1891 and 1894 St. Louis Browns.
External links
1867 births
1920 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from St. Louis
St. Louis Browns (AA) players
St. Louis Browns (NL) players
19th-century baseball players |
```java
/*
* Use of this source code is governed by the GPL v3 license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
package de.neemann.digital;
/**
* Helper to create a list of strings.
* Takes care of adding a separator at the right places in between the items.
*/
public class StringList {
private final StringBuilder builder;
private boolean first;
private String sep;
/**
* Create a new instance
*/
public StringList() {
this(new StringBuilder());
}
/**
* Creates a new instance
*
* @param builder the StringBuilder to use
*/
public StringList(StringBuilder builder) {
this.builder = builder;
this.first = true;
this.sep = " ";
}
/**
* Sets the separator.
* The default value is a blank.
*
* @param sep the separator
* @return this for chained calls
*/
public StringList separator(String sep) {
this.sep = sep;
return this;
}
/**
* Adds a item to the list.
* Adds a separator if needed.
*
* @param item the item to add.
* @return this for chained calls
*/
public StringList add(String item) {
if (first)
first = false;
else
builder.append(sep);
builder.append(item);
return this;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return builder.toString();
}
}
``` |
```javascript
The difference between null, undefined and NaN
Detect an error type
`console.*` in JavaScript
Inaccuracy of binary floating-point format
Round numbers to `N` decimals
``` |
"Do What You Gotta Do" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album Friday Night in America. The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album Sevens. The song reached number 13 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.
Background
The song was issued over two years after the album's release by Capitol Records. This was due to a parcel of tepid reviews and soft sales for Garth Brooks side project, Chris Gaines.
Critical reception
Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a "high-energy, uptempo, and buoyed by tasty fiddle and crisp, clean production." She also says that the "positive message and infectious melody should make it a quick radio favorite." On Brooks' performance she says that it is "personality-packed" and "full of conviction and passion."
Chart performance
"Do What You Gotta Do" debuted at number 61 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000.
References
2000 singles
New Grass Revival songs
Garth Brooks songs
Song recordings produced by Allen Reynolds
Capitol Records Nashville singles
1989 songs |
Maccabi Jerusalem Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל מכבי ירושלים) was an Israeli football club based at Jerusalem. The club was disbanded in 1963, reformed in 1970, and was withdrawn again in 2005.
History
The club was founded in 1911, the second football club to be formed in Israel. At first, all of the team's matches were friendly matches against local teams, foreign-based visiting teams or visiting army units' teams. After the establishment of the British Mandate of Palestine, the club joined local cup and league competitions, such as the Jerusalem Cup and the Municipal Jerusalem Cup.
The club was disbanded briefly during 1924 or 1925, and was reformed when two local clubs, HaGibor and HaZvi merged to form a team called Hasmonean Jerusalem, and later took the name Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem.
During the 1920s the club participated in several nationwide competitions, including the Maccabi club competition of Magen Shimshon, in which the club finished as runners-up in 1926 and 1927 and the unofficial, pre-EIFA Palestine Cup. In 1928 the club took part in the first EIFA Palestine Cup, and made its way to the final, where it lost 0–2 to Hapoel Allenby Tel Aviv. However, the club appealed to the F.A., claiming that a Hapoel player, Moshe Meir wasn't registered. The appeal was accepted and the teams shared the cup.
The club advanced to the final of the next Palestine Cup competition, but lost 0–4 to Maccabi Tel Aviv. The club was also listed as the winner of the EIFA league in 1928. However, as no such league was held, this entry seems to be erroneous.
During the early 1930s, the club competed in the Palestine Cup and in the Palestine League, finishing fourth in 1931–32 and runners-up in 1933–34. The club had to pull out of the league as travelling conditions in Palestine got worse during the 1936–39 Arab revolt. In 1937, the club changed its name to Maccabi Bar Kokhva Jerusalem and won the 1940 Jerusalem Municipal league and finished runners-up in the 1941–42 Jerusalem League.
After the establishment of the state of Israel, the club, now reverting to the name Maccabi Jerusalem competed in the 1949-50 Liga Meuhedet, and was placed the following season in Liga Bet, then the second tier, which, after the creation of Liga Leumit before the 1954–55 season, and by the end of that season the team was relegated to Liga Bet, the third tier, followed by another immediate relegation, to Liga Gimel. During this time the team also played in the Israel State Cup, its best performance was in 1954–55, when the team made it to the last sixteen.
The club was disbanded at the end of the 1962–63 season, but was reformed at the beginning of the 1970–71 season and played in Liga Dalet, then the fifth and lowest tier of Israeli football. The club reached Liga Bet in 1973–74, where it played until the end of the 1975–76 season, when the club was docked six points for not showing up for their match against Hapoel Gedera and relegated to Liga Gimel. By the mid-1990s, the reformed club merged with Maccabi Ma'ale Adumim and became known as Maccabi Jerusalem/Ma'ale Adumim. They started a period of success, after they were promoted to Liga Bet and at the end of the 1999–2000 season, finished runners-up in Liga Bet South B division and were promoted to Liga Alef (then the fourth tier) as the best Liga Bet South runners-up, following the withdrawals of Maccabi Lazarus Holon and Maccabi Jaffa from Liga Alef at the end of that season. The merged club played two seasons in Liga Alef South until they finished bottom in the 2001–02 season and relegated back to Liga Bet. Maccabi Jerusalem/Ma'ale Adumim folded at the end of the 2004–05 season while playing in Liga Bet and the club players were released at 2 June 2005.
Honours
Palestine League
Runners-up 1933–34
Palestine Cup
Joint-Winners 1928 Palestine Cup
Runners-up 1929 Palestine Cup
References
100 Years of Football 1906–2006, Elisha Shohat (Israel), 2006
Association football clubs established in 1911
Association football clubs disestablished in 1963
Association football clubs disestablished in 2005
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
1911 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1963 disestablishments in Israel
2005 disestablishments in Israel |
Cedarview is a ghost town in eastern Duchesne County, Utah, United States,
Description
The former community is located just off (west) of Utah State Route 121, about midway between Roosevelt and Neola. There is a cemetery in the former community, that operated until 1936; many babies who died of pneumonia are buried there. A few locals from nearby towns are preserving the cemetery from natural threats like erosion.
History
Cedarview was founded in 1912 when travelers needed a rest stop during a snowstorm. The town was short-lived and never got a post office.
See also
List of ghost towns in Utah
References
External links
Ghost towns in Utah
Ghost towns in Duchesne County, Utah
Populated places established in 1912 |
The , or JAMSTEC (海洋機構), is a Japanese national research institute for marine-earth science and technology. It was founded as Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (海洋科学技術センター) in October 1971, and became an Independent Administrative Institution administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in April 2004.
Projects
International projects
The Array for Real Time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO)
The Climate Variability and Predictability Programme (CLIVAR)
Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS)
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)
The International Margins Program (InterMARGINS)
An initiative for international cooperation in ridge-crest studies (InterRidge)
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP)
North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
Organization
JAMSTEC is organized into three sections: Research, Development and Promotion, and Management.
Research
Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC)
Ocean Climate Change Research Program
Tropical Climate Variability Research Program
Northern Hemisphere Cryosphere Program
Environmental Biogeochemical Cycle Research Program
Global Change Projection Research Program
Climate Variation Predictability and Applicability Research Program
Advanced Atmosphere-Ocean-Land Modeling Program
Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE)
Plate Dynamics Research Program
Solid Earth Dynamics Research Program
Deep Earth Dynamics Research Program
Geochemical Evolution Research Program
Institute of Biogeosciences (Biogeos)
Marine Biodiversity Research Program
Extremobiosphere Research Program
Earth and Life History Research Program
Leading Project
Earthquake and Tsunami Research Project for Disaster Prevention
Global Warming Research Project for IPCC – AR5
Submarine Resources Research Project
Laboratory System
Laboratory for Earth Systems Science
Precambrian Ecosystem Laboratory Unit
Space and Earth System Modeling Research Lab. Unit
Application Laboratory
Climate Variations Research Laboratory Unit
Mutsu Institute for Oceanography (MIO)
Research Group
Research Promotion Group
General Affairs Division, MIO
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research (KOCHI)
Research Group
Science Services Group
General Affairs Division, KOCHI
Research Support Department
Research Support Division I
Research Support Division II
Development and promotion
Marine Technology and Engineering Center (MARITEC)
Planning and Coordination Group
Marine Technology Development Department
Research Fleet Department
Research Vessel Construction Department
Earth Simulator Center (ESC)
Information Systems Department
Advanced Simulation and Technology Development Program
Simulation Application Research and Development Program
Data Research Center for Marine-Earth Sciences (DrC)
Data Management and Engineering Department (DMED)
Global Oceanographic Data Center (GODAC)
Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX)
Planning and Coordination Department, CDEX
Operations Department
Technology Development Group
Science Promotion Group
HSE Group
Advanced Research and Technology Promotion Department
Research Advancement Division
International Affairs Division
Public Relations Division
Library Division
Observing System Research and Technological Development Laboratory
Southern Ocean Buoy Laboratory Unit
Autonomous Profiling Shuttle Development Laboratory Unit
Management
Planning Department
Planning Division
Technology Planning Office
Press Office
Administration Department
Administration Division
Personnel Division
Facility Management Division
Employee Support Division
YES General Affairs Division
Tokyo Office
Legal Affairs Office
Finance and Contracts Department
Finance and Accounting Division
Accounting Division
Contracts Division I
Contracts Division II
Safety and Environment Management Office
Audit Office
Equipment
JAMSTEC currently owns the following vessels and vehicles for marine research:
Research Vessels: Natsushima, Kaiyo, Hakuho Maru, Tansei Maru
Support Vessel: Yokosuka
Manned Research Deep Submergence Vehicles: DSV Shinkai 2000 and Shinkai 6500
Oceanographic Research Vessel : RV Mirai
Research Vessel: Kaimei
Deep Sea Drilling Vessel: Chikyū
Deep Sea Cruising Autonomous Underwater Vehicle: Urashima
Remotely Operated Vehicles: Hyper-Dolphin, Kaikō 7000II, and REMUS 6000
Deep Ocean Floor Survey System: Deep Tow
Facilities
JAMSTEC is headquartered in Yokosuka and based in five other locations:
Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (YES) in Yokohama.
Mutsu Institute for Oceanography (MIO) in Mutsu, Aomori.
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research (KOCHI) in Kōchi.
Global Oceanographic Data Center (GODAC) in Nago, Okinawa.
Tokyo Office.
See also
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)
Taiwan Ocean Research Institute
References
External links
T-Limit Expedition
Research institutes in Japan
Earth sciences organizations
Oceanographic organizations
Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan
Scientific organizations based in Japan
Yokosuka, Kanagawa
Scientific organizations established in 1971
1971 establishments in Japan |
Late Pt. Vinayakbuva Utturkar (1914–1989) was a Hindustani classical music vocal performer. He was an 'A' grade artist of All India Radio (AIR), Dharwar and had also performed at AIR Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Pune.
Personal life
He was born in Miraj to Pt. Vishnu Keshav Utturkar (Joshi) and Laxmi Vishnu Utturkar (Joshi) in 1914. He was the only brother to his five sisters. He completed his education up to inter-science there. He then focused on Indian classical music as a career path. With a culture of music at home and an inherently excellent quality voice, he was well-received by critics and the public alike. He then moved to Belgaum and started teaching at Vanita Vidyalaya as a music instructor and teacher. He was married to Bageshri Utturkar (1924–2015). He died in September 1989 and was survived by his four sons, Ravindra, Vikas, Arun and Uday.
His maternal uncle was the freedom fighter Vasudev Balwant Gogate, also known as Hotson-Gogate for his attempted attack on the then-governor of Mumbai (Bombay), John Ernest Buttery Hotson, during India's struggle for freedom from the British. (See notes).
Training
His initial training in Indian classical vocal music was under his father, Pt. Vishnu Keshav Utturkar (Joshi). He took his advanced training under Pt. Mirashi Buwa, who himself was trained under Pt. Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar of Gwalior gharana.
His father, Pt. Vishnu Keshav Utturkar (Joshi), was a disciple of Neelkanthbuva, who in turn was a disciple of Pt. Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar.
Awards
He belonged to the Gwalior gharana (Pt. Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar tradition). Among many of the awards conferred upon him for his excellence in vocal music, Utturkar was the recipient of the Academy award of Karnataka State Sangeet Nrutya Academy for the year 1979, awarded on 30 March 1980 at the hands of then-governor of Karnataka, Govind Narain.
He had also performed in the Mysore Dasara festival.
Throughout his musical career, Utturkar was accompanied by many renowned musicians such as Ustad Ahmed Jan Thirakwa, R. K. Bijapure and many others, at public performances and at All India Radio.
Pupils
One of Utturkar's pupils is a well-known Indian classical musician and violinist, Pt. Ratnakar Gokhale.
References
External links
http://allaboutbelgaum.com/lifestyle/stars-of-belgaum/pandit-r-k-bijapure-maha-meru-of-samvadini-harmonium/
Notes
Bulletin of International News (Royal Institute of International Affairs), vol. 8 (1931-1932), p. 86.
Y.D. Phadke, Senapati Bapat: Portrait of a Revolutionary (Bombay: Senapati Bapat Centenary Celebration Samiti, 1981), p. 48.
Gwalior gharana
1989 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
20th-century Indian male classical singers |
Valor is an American military drama television series created by Kyle Jarrow. The show was produced by CBS Television Studios and Warner Bros. Television, with Anna Fricke and Kyle Jarrow serving as showrunners. The series premiered on The CW on October 9, 2017, as part of the 2017–18 U.S. television season. In November 2017, The CW announced that it would not be ordering any additional episodes of the show beyond the 13 episodes already produced. On May 8, 2018, The CW cancelled Valor after one season.
Cast and characters
Main
Christina Ochoa as Chief Warrant Officer 3 Nora Madani, CPT Leland Gallo's co-pilot and one of the first females to ever serve in the Special Operations community. Before joining the 186th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, CWO3 Madani served with the 101st Airborne Division in Afghanistan. In the pilot, she was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross with "V" device for valor. Subsequent to her injuries suffered in a helicopter crash, she has become addicted to prescription painkillers. CWO3 Madani enlisted in the Army 10 years ago at the age of 18; three years prior to the series, she was a Chief Warrant Officer 2 in training at the United States Army Air Assault School. In "Costs of War" both Madani and Gallo are discharged from the Army after coming clean about the cover-up they participated in for the events in the pilot and are almost immediately hired by Thea to fly for the CIA.
Matt Barr as Captain Leland Gallo, Pilot-in-Command with the fictional 186th Special Operations Aviation Regiment "Shadow Raiders" (based on the real life 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)). In the pilot, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross with "V" device for valor. In "Costs of War" both Gallo and Madani are discharged from the Army after coming clean about the cover-up they participated in for the events in the pilot and are almost immediately hired by Thea to fly for the CIA.
Charlie Barnett as First Lieutenant Ian Porter, an intelligence officer with the 186th Special Operations Aviation Regiment and the boyfriend of CWO3 Nora Madani. The two of them transferred from the 101st Airborne Division together. Three years prior to the series, he was a second lieutenant assigned to the Air Assault School. 1LT Porter is a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point.
W. Trè Davis as Staff Sergeant Jimmy Kam, CPT Gallo's and CWO3 Madani's crew chief who was taken as a prisoner of war in the pilot. He is rescued in "Oscar Mike" by the Shadow Raiders and returns home in "Costs of War" with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Corbin Reid as Jess Kam, the wife of SSG Jimmy Kam and close friend of CWO3 Nora Madani.
Nigel Thatch as Colonel Robert Haskins, a 23-year veteran of the United States Army who is serving as the Commanding Officer of the 186th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. In the pilot, it is mentioned that he earned the Silver Star in Fallujah.
Melissa Roxburgh as Thea, a member of the Central Intelligence Agency. In her personal life, Thea has had short-term relationships with both SSG Zoe Cho and CPT Leland Gallo. After she and the 186th Special Operations Aviation Regiment discover and expose her boss, Director Tucker Magnus, as a rogue agent in "Costs of War", she is given his post as Director of the CIA Special Activities Division.
Recurring and guest
Zeeko Zaki as Staff Sergeant Matt Darzi
Valarie Pettiford as Congresswoman Simone Porter, the Chairwoman of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and widowed mother of 1LT Ian Porter. She is the point person for Washington in the Shadow Raiders' search for prisoners of war Sergeants Kam and Hendrix. She is later revealed as "Snake Eyes", the leader of the plot to sell uranium to Ukrainian terrorists.
Bryan Craig as Staff Sergeant Adam Coogan, a Delta Force operator and longtime rival of CPT Gallo; the two of them started their careers together before going their separate ways (Gallo became an officer and helicopter pilot, Coogan joined Delta Force). It was later revealed the two feuded over a woman which created animosity between the two.
Mac Brandt as Sergeant Shane Dylan Hendrix, a member of Delta Force and fellow prisoner of war alongside Staff Sergeant Jimmy Kam. Sergeant Hendrix is killed trying to escape imprisonment.
Chelle Ramos as Staff Sergeant Zoe Cho, one of the first females to ever serve in the Special Operations community. After SSG Kam is taken as a prisoner of war, SSG Cho becomes CPT Gallo's and CWO3 Madani's crew chief. In "About-Face", SSG Cho is sexually assaulted by a Delta Force operator, but manages to fight him off; the operator was immediately transferred off the base and Cho opted to file charges against him.
Episodes
Production
Development
The CW officially ordered Valor to series on May 10, 2017. The series was planned to air weekly on Netflix in the UK and Ireland beginning November 1, however it never arrived.
Casting
On February 17, 2017, Matt Barr was cast in the lead role as Captain Leland Gallo, a commanding officer and described as "an aging hipster meets flyboy", followed a month later by the casting of Christina Ochoa as his co-pilot Officer Nora Madani, "an intense and driven junior Army pilot who is a member of the Shadow Raiders special ops unit".
Filming
Filming for the series took place in Atlanta.
Reception
Ratings
Critical response
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 24% approval rating with an average rating of 4.69/10 based on 17 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Valors attempt to highlight an often overlooked segment of the armed services is undercut by a badly judged blend of military action and melodrama." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 39 out of 100 based on 10 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
References
External links
2010s American drama television series
2017 American television series debuts
2018 American television series endings
The CW original programming
English-language television shows
American military television series
Television series by CBS Studios
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Television shows filmed in Atlanta |
Alan Anderson Brash (5 June 1913 – 24 August 2002) was a leading minister of the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand, and of the worldwide ecumenical movement. He was the son of notable Presbyterian lay leader Thomas Brash, and the father of National party opposition leader and Governor of the Reserve Bank, Don Brash.
Early years
Alan Anderson Brash was born in Wellington on 5 June 1913, the fourth child of Thomas Cuddie Brash and Margaret Henrietta Brash (née Allan). His father Thomas was a leading figure in New Zealand's dairy industry and one of only four lay Moderators of the General Assembly in the history of the Presbyterian Church of New Zealand.
Education
Brash was raised in Miramar in Wellington, and raised in the Presbyterian Church under the teaching of Rev. James Gibb and Dr. John Allan. Brash underwent primary and secondary education in Wellington, before completing a MA in philosophy at the University of Otago. He then went to New College, Edinburgh, to study theology. While in the UK he represented the Presbyterian Church of New Zealand at the 1937 Faith and Order Conference in Edinburgh and the Life and Work conference in Oxford. Also in attendance was his future wife, Eljean Hill. These conferences became the springboard for the worldwide ecumenical movement and the platform for the World Council of Churches, and as a result Brash became a strong supporter of both.
Parish ministry and family
Brash returned to New Zealand in 1938, and was appointed minister of St. Andrews parish in Wanganui. While in Wanganui he married Eljean Hill, and they had two children; Donald and Lynette. They also adopted an orphan boy from Edinburgh when the orphanage was closed by the war, and for a year they housed a refugee from Europe.
Ecumenism
Brash's pacifist convictions made his ministerial duties difficult during the war years following his appointment. However his vision and leadership skills were quickly recognised, and in 1947 he was appointed General Secretary of the National Council of Churches in NZ, a position he held until 1964. From 1952 to 1956 he carried out these duties alongside a position in parish ministry at St Giles, Christchurch. However his zeal for the ecumenical movement led to his being appointed one of three professional staff members of the East Asian Christian Conference (now the Christian Conference of Asia) in 1957, and in 1964 he and his wife Eljean moved to Singapore to work full-time with the EACC. In this role he visited every country in Asia, apart from China, and did much to raise the profile of Asia within the church in New Zealand, and within the country generally, and for this he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1962 New Year Honours.
In 1968, he moved to London where he was appointed Director of Christian Aid for the British Council of Churches. Then in 1970 he moved to Geneva to work as head of the World Council of Churches Division on Inter-Church Aid, Refugee, and World Service. In 1974 he was appointed Deputy General Secretary of the World Council of Churches. In 1978 Brash retired from the World Council of Churches, and he and Eljean returned to New Zealand where Alan was elected to be Moderator of the General Assembly for a year.
Later years
Through the 1980s Brash worked half time at the Auckland branch office of the National Council of Churches, continued to preach regularly, and was actively involved in the Mairangi Bay parish. In the early 1980s Brash was prominent in protests against Waitangi Day celebrations, which he felt ignored the many breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi. Eljean died in 1991, and Alan moved to Christchurch to live next door to his daughter Lynette.
Death and legacy
Alan Brash died on 24 August 2002. The Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa summed up the life of The Very Rev Alan Anderson Brash as follows: A concern for justice for all people; a conviction that the Church should never forget that it is called to serve the poor of the world; an unwavering commitment to pacifism and the search for peace; and a life-long commitment to ecumenism and the unity of the Church were the hallmarks of Alan Brash's life. He saw these as challenges that should confront all who confess to follow Jesus Christ and he was absolute and fearless in his resolve to walk in that way.
References
1913 births
2002 deaths
New Zealand activists
New Zealand Presbyterians
University of Otago alumni
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
New Zealand Presbyterian ministers
New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Religious leaders from Wellington City
20th-century New Zealand Presbyterian ministers |
Events from the year 1723 in art.
Events
Following Sir Godfrey Kneller's death, the Irish-born Charles Jervas succeeds him as Principal Portrait Painter to King George I of Great Britain.
Scottish-born painter William Aikman settles in London as a portraitist under the patronage of John Campbell, Duke of Argyll.
Sculptor Mario Diamanti begins work on the monumental façade of St. Sebastian, Palazzolo Acreide, Sicily.
Paintings
William Aikman – Portrait of Lady Anne Cochrane
Canaletto – Architectural Capriccio (his first known signed and dated work)
Thomas Gibson – Portrait of George Vertue
François Lemoyne - Perseus and Andromeda
Jean Ranc – The Family of Philip V
Christian Friedrich Zincke – Catherine Edwin (miniature)
Births
February 3 – Catherine Read, Scottish portrait-painter (died 1778)
April 12 – Franz Anton Bustelli, Swiss-born Bavarian porcelain modeller (died 1763)
May 6 – Ike no Taiga, Japanese painter and calligrapher (died 1776)
July 2 - Václav Bernard Ambrosi, Czech miniature painter (died 1806)
July 16 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter, specializing in portraits (died 1792)
October 17 – Pierre-Antoine Baudouin, French miniature painter and engraver (died 1769)
October 23 - Pierre-François Basan, French engraver (died 1797)
November 14 – Johann Ludwig Aberli, Swiss landscape painter and etcher (died 1786)
date unknown
Giorgio Anselmi, Italian painter (died 1797)
Johann Karl Auerbach, Austrian painter (died 1786)
William Baillie, Irish engraver (died 1792)
Maria Carowsky, Swedish artist (died 1793)
Giovanni Battista Chiappe, Italian painter (died 1765)
Gavin Hamilton, Scottish neoclassical history painter (died 1798)
Giacomo Leonardis, Italian engraver and etcher (died 1794)
Domenico Quaglio the Elder, Italian painter (died 1760)
Antonio González Velázquez, Spanish late-Baroque painter (died 1793)
Deaths
February 11 - Heinrich Meyring, German sculptor (born 1628)
March – Lancelot Volders, Flemish painter (buried in Brussels on 23 March; born 1636)
October 19 – Sir Godfrey Kneller, English court painter (born 1646)
December 6 – Amalia Pachelbel, German painter and engraver (born 1688)
date unknown
Giacinto Garofalini, Italian painter (born 1661)
Maria Cattarina Locatelli, Italian painter from Bologna (born unknown)
Angelo Massarotti, Italian painter active in his native Cremona (born 1653)
References
Years of the 18th century in art
1720s in art |
The Hotel Casino Carrasco is a historic five star hotel and casino in Montevideo, Uruguay. It currently operates as the Hotel Sofitel Montevideo Casino Carrasco and Spa.
History
The idea for the building began with the formation of a corporation called "Balneario Carrasco", created by Alfredo Arocena with the aim of building a hotel in the then seaside resort of Carrasco. This company was in charge of summoning the landscaper Carlos Thays, to design and convert the entire area into a wonderful garden neighborhood, and then begin the construction of the Hotel Carrasco, named in honor of the first owner of the lands, Sebastián Carrasco.
The construction of the hotel began in 1912, under the leadership and projection of the architects Gastón Mallet and the Swiss Jacques Dunant.
The outbreak of the World War I forced the suspension of construction works for nine years. Later, the Municipality of Montevideo bought the land and the monumental unfinished building, to continue the works and finally inaugurate them, on January 29, 1921. It soon became a landmark of luxury for tourists visiting the city, and many lodged many famous personalities, such as Albert Einstein (1925) and Federico García Lorca (1934).
In 1975 it was declared a National Historical Heritage. In 1997 it closed its doors. Renovation work began in 2009 by the company Carrasco Nobile Sociedad Anónima, and culminated in 2013. Currently the hotel is managed by Sofitel. It formally reopened its doors on March 7, 2013. According to El País, the opening of this building brings with it a whole revolution in the neighbourhood of Carrasco, with many real estate and business investments. In addition, Rostand Street and the adjoining square became one of the most popular pedestrian zones in the city.
Overview
Located on the Rambla of Montevideo, the hotel stands as the center of the urban plan designed for the barrio Carrasco, in the first decades of the 20th century, by the French landscape architects Charles Thays and Edouard André.
Its architectural style is eclectic-historicist with a predominance of neoclassical and baroque and inspired by European palace hotels. It currently has 116 rooms (including 22 Suites), Thays Lounge Bar, 1921 Restaurant, spa and various spaces for events. In the basement there is a casino.
References
External links
Sofitel Montevideo Casino Carrasco and Spa
Hotel Carrasco - project
Casino Carrasco
Sofitel
Hotels in Montevideo
Hotels established in 1921
Hotel Carrasco
Hotel buildings completed in 1921
Hotel Carrasco
Casinos in Uruguay
Casino hotels |
```prolog
# The syslogd binds UDP socket on ::1.
# The client writes a message into a ::1 UDP socket.
# The syslogd writes it into a file and through a pipe.
# The syslogd passes it via UDP to the loghost.
# The server receives the message on its UDP socket.
# Find the message in client, file, pipe, syslogd, server log.
# Check that the file log contains the localhost name.
# Check that fstat contains a bound UDP socket.
use strict;
use warnings;
use Socket;
our %args = (
client => {
connect => { domain => AF_INET6, addr => "::1", port => 514 },
},
syslogd => {
options => ["-U", "[::1]"],
fstat => {
qr/^root .* internet/ => 0,
qr/ internet6 dgram udp \[::1\]:514$/ => 1,
},
},
file => {
loggrep => qr/ localhost /. get_testgrep(),
},
);
1;
``` |
The Rising of the Shield Hero is a Japanese light novel series written by Aneko Yusagi. Originally published as a web novel, the series has since been published by Media Factory with an expanded story-line featuring illustrations by Seira Minami. As of June 25, 2019, twenty-two volumes have been published. The novel series was adapted into a manga series by Aiya Kyū and published by Media Factory, with twenty-three volumes released as of June 22, 2023. Both the novel and manga series were licensed by One Peace Books and were published in North America starting with the first volume on September 15, 2015. One Peace Books licensed the spin-off novel The Reprise of the Spear Hero.
Light novel
The Rising of the Shield Hero
Limited Edition The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 1 Light Novel
Originally released as 4 separate volumes with the Japanese Special Editions of the Season 1 anime.
The Reprise of the Spear Hero
Manga
The Rising of the Shield Hero
Chapters not yet in tankōbon format
The Reprise of the Spear Hero
Tate no Yūsha no to aru Ichi Nichi
Tate no Yūsha no Oshinagaki
References
External links
Rising of the Shield Hero, The
Rising of the Shield Hero, The |
Crassula may refer to:
Crassula, a succulent plants genus in the family Crassulaceae
Crassula (bivalve), a bivalve genus in the family Mactridae |
Aap Ki Khatir () may refer to:
Aap Ki Khatir (1977 film), an Indian Hindi-language romance film by Sudhendu Roy, starring Vinod Khanna and Rekha
Aap Ki Khatir (1980 film), see Pakistani films of 1980
Aap Ki Khatir (2006 film), an Indian Hindi-language romance film by Dharmesh Darshan, starring Akshaye Khanna and Priyanka Chopra Jonas |
Wycliffe Ochomo (born 2 August 1990) is a Kenyan international footballer who plays for Bandari, as a striker.
Career
Ochomo has played club football for Gor Mahia, Congo United, Ulinzi Stars, Admiral, Police, Muhoroni Youth, Kakamega Homeboyz and Bandari.
He made his international debut for Kenya in 2016.
References
1990 births
Living people
Kenyan men's footballers
Kenya men's international footballers
Gor Mahia F.C. players
F.C. West Ham United players
Ulinzi Stars F.C. players
Admiral F.C. players
Muhoroni Youth F.C. players
Kakamega Homeboyz F.C. players
Bandari F.C. (Kenya) players
Kenyan Premier League players
Men's association football forwards |
```xml
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { MenuItem, MessageService } from 'primeng/api';
import { Code } from '@domain/code';
@Component({
selector: 'linear-doc',
template: `
<app-docsectiontext>
<p>SpeedDial items are defined with the <i>model</i> property based on MenuModel API. Default orientation of the items is linear and <i>direction</i> property is used to define the position of the items related to the button.</p>
</app-docsectiontext>
<div class="card">
<div style="height: 500px; position: relative;" class="speeddial-linear-demo">
<p-toast />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="up" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="down" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="left" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="right" />
</div>
</div>
<app-code [code]="code" selector="speed-dial-linear-demo"></app-code>
`,
providers: [MessageService]
})
export class LinearDoc implements OnInit {
items: MenuItem[] | undefined;
constructor(private messageService: MessageService) {}
ngOnInit() {
this.items = [
{
icon: 'pi pi-pencil',
command: () => {
this.messageService.add({ severity: 'info', summary: 'Add', detail: 'Data Added' });
}
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-refresh',
command: () => {
this.messageService.add({ severity: 'success', summary: 'Update', detail: 'Data Updated' });
}
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-trash',
command: () => {
this.messageService.add({ severity: 'error', summary: 'Delete', detail: 'Data Deleted' });
}
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-upload',
routerLink: ['/fileupload']
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-external-link',
target: '_blank',
url: 'path_to_url
}
];
}
code: Code = {
basic: `<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="up" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="down" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="left" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="right" />`,
html: `<div class="card">
<div style="height: 500px; position: relative;" class="speeddial-linear-demo">
<p-toast />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="up" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="down" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="left" />
<p-speedDial [model]="items" direction="right" />
</div>
</div>`,
typescript: `import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { MenuItem, MessageService } from 'primeng/api';
import { SpeedDialModule } from 'primeng/speeddial';
import { ToastModule } from 'primeng/toast';
@Component({
selector: 'speed-dial-linear-demo',
templateUrl: './speed-dial-linear-demo.html',
styles: [
\`:host ::ng-deep {
.speeddial-linear-demo {
.p-speeddial-direction-up {
left: calc(50% - 2rem);
bottom: 0;
}
.p-speeddial-direction-down {
left: calc(50% - 2rem);
top: 0;
}
.p-speeddial-direction-left {
right: 0;
top: calc(50% - 2rem);
}
.p-speeddial-direction-right {
left: 0;
top: calc(50% - 2rem);
}
}
}\`
],
standalone: true,
imports: [SpeedDialModule, ToastModule],
providers: [MessageService]
})
export class SpeedDialLinearDemo implements OnInit {
items: MenuItem[] | undefined;
constructor(private messageService: MessageService) {}
ngOnInit() {
this.items = [
{
icon: 'pi pi-pencil',
command: () => {
this.messageService.add({ severity: 'info', summary: 'Add', detail: 'Data Added' });
}
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-refresh',
command: () => {
this.messageService.add({ severity: 'success', summary: 'Update', detail: 'Data Updated' });
}
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-trash',
command: () => {
this.messageService.add({ severity: 'error', summary: 'Delete', detail: 'Data Deleted' });
}
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-upload',
routerLink: ['/fileupload']
},
{
icon: 'pi pi-external-link',
target:'_blank',
url: 'path_to_url
}
];
}
}`,
scss: `:host ::ng-deep {
.speeddial-linear-demo {
.p-speeddial-direction-up {
left: calc(50% - 2rem);
bottom: 0;
}
.p-speeddial-direction-down {
left: calc(50% - 2rem);
top: 0;
}
.p-speeddial-direction-left {
right: 0;
top: calc(50% - 2rem);
}
.p-speeddial-direction-right {
left: 0;
top: calc(50% - 2rem);
}
}
}`
};
}
``` |
Harry Hunkele is an American Film and Television Director, Producer and Editor. He is a ten-time Emmy Award winning television director and producer and is the director of the feature documentary Back Door Channels: The Price of Peace (Channel Productions, 2011).
Biography
Hunkele was born in rural Vermont, and came to New York City in the early 1980s. After spending many years in and around television and commercial production, in 2003, he joined the upstart network NYC Media, the brainchild of the administration of billionaire-turned-Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Soon after signing on, then network Head of Production Seth Unger asked Hunkele to produce a documentary series entitled Blueprint NYC, which highlighted local architectural and historical aspects of New York City iconography. At the same time, Hunkele was playing double-duty, also showrunning $9.99 a popular reality show that airs in New York on local station WNBC.
In 2005, Hunkele was given a new assignment by then General Manager Arick Wierson - Secrets of New York. Hunkele helped turn the show into one of the all-time most nominated and winning documentary series in New York City history. Starring Kelly Choi, the series aired nationally on PBS and has been widely recognized for its novel and innovative approach to the television documentary format. With digital graphics and animations, stylized 3D recreations, heavy metal and electronica original and canned use of songs and musical scores, writing, and a compelling subject matter, the show has widely become the signature production of NYC Media.
The program traditionally dominated the New York Emmy Awards across several categories. In Season Three, the show went from a half-hour format to one-hour specials.
References
External links
Secrets of New York Website
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American film directors
American television directors
Emmy Award winners |
```smalltalk
namespace Npgsql.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL.Metadata;
/// <summary>
/// Defines strategies to use when generating values for database columns.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// See <see href="path_to_url">Model building conventions</see>.
/// </remarks>
public enum NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy
{
/// <summary>
/// No Npgsql-specific strategy.
/// </summary>
None,
/// <summary>
/// <para>
/// A sequence-based hi-lo pattern where blocks of IDs are allocated from the server and
/// used client-side for generating keys.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// This is an advanced pattern--only use this strategy if you are certain it is what you need.
/// </para>
/// </summary>
SequenceHiLo,
/// <summary>
/// <para>
/// Selects the serial column strategy, which is a regular column backed by an auto-created index.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// If you are creating a new project on PostgreSQL 10 or above, consider using <see cref="IdentityByDefaultColumn" /> instead.
/// </para>
/// </summary>
SerialColumn,
/// <summary>
/// <para>Selects the always-identity column strategy (a value cannot be provided).</para>
/// <para>Available only starting PostgreSQL 10.</para>
/// </summary>
IdentityAlwaysColumn,
/// <summary>
/// <para>Selects the by-default-identity column strategy (a value can be provided to override the identity mechanism).</para>
/// <para>Available only starting PostgreSQL 10.</para>
/// </summary>
IdentityByDefaultColumn,
/// <summary>
/// A pattern that uses a database sequence to generate values for the column.
/// </summary>
Sequence
}
/// <summary>
/// Extension methods over <see cref="NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy" />.
/// </summary>
public static class NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategyExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Whether the given strategy is either <see cref="NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityByDefaultColumn" /> or
/// <see cref="NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityAlwaysColumn" />.
/// </summary>
public static bool IsIdentity(this NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy strategy)
=> strategy is NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityByDefaultColumn or NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityAlwaysColumn;
/// <summary>
/// Whether the given strategy is either <see cref="NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityByDefaultColumn" /> or
/// <see cref="NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityAlwaysColumn" />.
/// </summary>
public static bool IsIdentity(this NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy? strategy)
=> strategy is NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityByDefaultColumn or NpgsqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityAlwaysColumn;
}
``` |
Lucian of Samosata ( 125 – after 180) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed superstition, religious practices, and belief in the paranormal. Although his native language was probably Syriac, all of his extant works are written entirely in ancient Greek (mostly in the Attic Greek dialect popular during the Second Sophistic period).
Everything that is known about Lucian's life comes from his own writings, which are often difficult to interpret because of his extensive use of sarcasm. According to his oration The Dream, he was the son of a lower middle class family from the city of Samosata along the banks of the Euphrates in the remote Roman province of Syria. As a young man, he was apprenticed to his uncle to become a sculptor, but, after a failed attempt at sculpting, he ran away to pursue an education in Ionia. He may have become a travelling lecturer and visited universities throughout the Roman Empire. After acquiring fame and wealth through his teaching, Lucian finally settled down in Athens for a decade, during which he wrote most of his extant works. In his fifties, he may have been appointed as a highly paid government official in Egypt, after which point he disappears from the historical record.
Lucian's works were wildly popular in antiquity, and more than eighty writings attributed to him have survived to the present day, a considerably higher quantity than for most other classical writers. His most famous work is A True Story, a tongue-in-cheek satire against authors who tell incredible tales, which is regarded by some as the earliest known work of science fiction. Lucian invented the genre of comic dialogue, a parody of the traditional Socratic dialogue. His dialogue Lover of Lies makes fun of people who believe in the supernatural and contains the oldest known version of "The Sorcerer's Apprentice". Lucian wrote numerous satires making fun of traditional stories about the gods including The Dialogues of the Gods, Icaromenippus, Zeus Rants, Zeus Catechized, and The Parliament of the Gods. His Dialogues of the Dead focuses on the Cynic philosophers Diogenes and Menippus. Philosophies for Sale and The Carousal, or The Lapiths make fun of various philosophical schools, and The Fisherman or the Dead Come to Life is a defense of this mockery.
Lucian often ridiculed public figures, such as the Cynic philosopher Peregrinus Proteus in his letter The Passing of Peregrinus and the fraudulent oracle Alexander of Abonoteichus in his treatise Alexander the False Prophet. Lucian's treatise On the Syrian Goddess satirizes cultural distinctions between Greeks and Syrians and is the main source of information about the cult of Atargatis.
Lucian had an enormous, wide-ranging impact on Western literature. Works inspired by his writings include Thomas More's Utopia, the works of François Rabelais, William Shakespeare's Timon of Athens and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.
Life
Biographical sources
Lucian is not mentioned in any contemporary texts or inscriptions written by others and he is not included in Philostratus's Lives of the Sophists. As a result of this, everything that is known about Lucian comes exclusively from his own writings. A variety of characters with names very similar to Lucian, including "Lukinos", "Lukianos", "Lucius", and "The Syrian" appear throughout Lucian's writings. These have been frequently interpreted by scholars and biographers as "masks", "alter-egos", or "mouthpieces" of the author. Daniel S. Richter criticizes the frequent tendency to interpret such "Lucian-like figures" as self-inserts by the author and argues that they are, in fact, merely fictional characters Lucian uses to "think with" when satirizing conventional distinctions between Greeks and Syrians. He suggests that they are primarily a literary trope used by Lucian to deflect accusations that he as the Syrian author "has somehow outraged the purity of Greek idiom or genre" through his invention of the comic dialogue. British classicist Donald Russell states, "A good deal of what Lucian says about himself is no more to be trusted than the voyage to the moon that he recounts so persuasively in the first person in True Stories" and warns that "it is foolish to treat [the information he gives about himself in his writings] as autobiography."
Background and upbringing
Lucian was born in the town of Samosata on the banks of the Euphrates on the far eastern outskirts of the Roman Empire. Samosata had been the capital of the kingdom of Commagene until 72 AD when it was annexed by Vespasian and became part of the Roman province of Syria. The population of the town was mostly Syrian and Lucian's native tongue was probably Syriac, a form of Middle Aramaic.
During the time when Lucian lived, traditional Greco-Roman religion was in decline and its role in society had become largely ceremonial. As a substitute for traditional religion, many people in the Hellenistic world joined mystery cults, such as the Mysteries of Isis, Mithraism, the cult of Cybele, and the Eleusinian Mysteries. Superstition had always been common throughout ancient society, but it was especially prevalent during the second century. Most educated people of Lucian's time adhered to one of the various Hellenistic philosophies, of which the major ones were Stoicism, Platonism, Peripateticism, Pyrrhonism, and Epicureanism. Every major town had its own 'university' and these 'universities' often employed professional travelling lecturers, who were frequently paid high sums of money to lecture about various philosophical teachings. The most prestigious center of learning was the city of Athens in Greece, which had a long intellectual history.
According to Lucian's oration The Dream, which classical scholar Lionel Casson states he probably delivered as an address upon returning to Samosata at the age of thirty-five or forty after establishing his reputation as a great orator, Lucian's parents were lower middle class and his uncles owned a local statue-making shop. Lucian's parents could not afford to give him a higher education, so, after he completed his elementary schooling, Lucian's uncle took him on as an apprentice and began teaching him how to sculpt. Lucian, however, soon proved to be poor at sculpting and ruined the statue he had been working on. His uncle beat him, causing him to run off. Lucian fell asleep and experienced a dream in which he was being fought over by the personifications of Statuary and Culture. He decided to listen to Culture and thus sought out an education.
Although The Dream has long been treated by scholars as a truthful autobiography of Lucian, its historical accuracy is questionable at best. Classicist Simon Swain calls it "a fine but rather apocryphal version of Lucian's education" and Karin Schlapbach calls it "ironical". Richter argues that it is not autobiographical at all, but rather a (), or playful literary work, and a "complicated meditation on a young man's acquisition of " [i.e. education]. Russell dismisses The Dream as entirely fictional, noting, "We recall that Socrates too started as sculptor, and Ovid's vision of Elegy and Tragedy (Amores 3.1) is all too similar to Lucian's."
Education and career
In Lucian's Double Indictment, the personification of Rhetoric delivers a speech in which she describes the unnamed defendant, who is described as a "Syrian" author of transgressive dialogues, at the time she found him, as a young man wandering in Ionia in Anatolia "with no idea what he ought to do with himself". She describes "the Syrian" at this stage in his career as "still speaking in a barbarous manner and all but wearing a caftan [] in the Assyrian fashion". Rhetoric states that she "took him in hand and ... gave him ".
Scholars have long interpreted the "Syrian" in this work as Lucian himself and taken this speech to mean that Lucian ran away to Ionia, where he pursued his education. Richter, however, argues that the "Syrian" is not Lucian himself, but rather a literary device Lucian uses to subvert literary and ethnic norms.
Ionia was the center of rhetorical learning at the time. The most prestigious universities of rhetoric were in Ephesus and Smyrna, but it is unlikely that Lucian could have afforded to pay the tuition at either of these schools. It is not known how Lucian obtained his education, but somehow he managed to acquire an extensive knowledge of rhetoric as well as classical literature and philosophy.
Lucian mentions in his dialogue The Fisherman that he had initially attempted to apply his knowledge of rhetoric and become a lawyer, but that he had become disillusioned by the deceitfulness of the trade and resolved to become a philosopher instead. Lucian travelled across the Empire, lecturing throughout Greece, Italy, and Gaul. In Gaul, Lucian may have held a position as a highly paid government professor.
In around 160, Lucian returned to Ionia as a wealthy celebrity. He visited Samosata and stayed in the east for several years. He is recorded as having been in Antioch in either 162 or 163. In around 165, he bought a house in Athens and invited his parents to come live with him in the city. Lucian must have married at some point during his travels because in one of his writings, he mentions having a son at this point.
Lucian lived in Athens for around a decade, during which time he gave up lecturing and instead devoted his attention to writing. It was during this decade that Lucian composed nearly all his most famous works. Lucian wrote exclusively in Greek, mainly in the Attic Greek popular during the Second Sophistic, but On the Syrian Goddess, which is attributed to Lucian, is written in a highly successful imitation of Herodotus' Ionic Greek, leading some scholars to believe that Lucian may not be the real author.
For unknown reasons, Lucian stopped writing around 175 and began travelling and lecturing again. During the reign of Emperor Commodus (180–192), the aging Lucian may have been appointed to a lucrative government position in Egypt. After this point, he disappears from the historical record entirely, and nothing is known about his death.
Views
Lucian's philosophical views are difficult to categorize due to his persistent use of irony and sarcasm. In The Fisherman, Lucian describes himself as a champion of philosophy and throughout his other writings he characterizes philosophy as a morally constructive discipline, but he is critical of pseudo-philosophers, whom he portrays as greedy, bad-tempered, sexually immoral hypocrites. Lucian was not known to be a member of any of the major philosophical schools. In his Philosophies for Sale, he makes fun of members of every school. Lucian was critical of Stoicism and Platonism, because he regarded them as encouraging superstition. His Nigrinus superficially appears to be a "eulogy of Platonism", but may, in fact, be satirical, or merely an excuse to ridicule Roman society.
Nonetheless, at other times, Lucian writes approvingly of individual philosophies. According to Turner, although Lucian makes fun of Skeptic philosophers, he displays a temperamental inclination towards that philosophy. Edwyn Bevan identifies Lucian as a Skeptic, and in his Hermotimus, Lucian rejects all philosophical systems as contradictory and concludes that life is too short to determine which of them comes nearest to the truth, so the best solution is to rely on common sense, which was what the Pyrrhonian Skeptics advocated. The maxim that "Eyes are better witnesses than ears" is echoed repeatedly throughout several of Lucian's dialogues.
Lucian was skeptical of oracles, though he was by no means the only person of his time to voice such skepticism. Lucian rejected belief in the paranormal, regarding it as superstition. In his dialogue The Lover of Lies, he probably voices some of his own opinions through his character Tychiades, perhaps including the declaration by Tychiades that he does not believe in daemones, phantoms, or ghosts because he has never seen such things. Tychiades, however, still professes belief in the gods' existence:
According to Everett Ferguson, Lucian was strongly influenced by the Cynics. The Dream or the Cock, Timon the Misanthrope, Charon or Inspectors, and The Downward Journey or the Tyrant all display Cynic themes. Lucian was particularly indebted to Menippus, a Cynic philosopher and satirist of the third century BC. Lucian wrote an admiring biography of the philosopher Demonax, who was a philosophical eclectic, but whose ideology most closely resembled Cynicism. Demonax's main divergence from the Cynics was that he did not disapprove of ordinary life. Paul Turner observes that Lucian's Cynicus reads as a straightforward defense of Cynicism, but also remarks that Lucian savagely ridicules the Cynic philosopher Peregrinus in his Passing of Peregrinus.
Lucian also greatly admired Epicurus, whom he describes in Alexander the False Prophet as "truly holy and prophetic". Later, in the same dialogue, he praises a book written by Epicurus:
What blessings that book creates for its readers and what peace, tranquillity, and freedom it engenders in them, liberating them as it does from terrors and apparitions and portents, from vain hopes and extravagant cravings, developing in them intelligence and truth, and truly purifying their understanding, not with torches and squills [i. e. sea onions] and that sort of foolery, but with straight thinking, truthfulness and frankness.
Lucian had a generally negative opinion of Herodotus and his historiography, which he viewed as faulty.
Works
Over eighty works attributed to Lucian have survived. These works belong to a diverse variety of styles and genres, and include comic dialogues, rhetorical essays, and prose fiction. Lucian's writings were targeted towards a highly educated, upper-class Greek audience and make almost constant allusions to Greek cultural history, leading the classical scholar R. Bracht Branham to label Lucian's highly sophisticated style "the comedy of tradition". By the time Lucian's writings were rediscovered during the Renaissance, most of the works of literature referenced in them had been lost or forgotten, making it difficult for readers of later periods to understand his works.
A True Story
Lucian was one of the earliest novelists in Western civilization. In A True Story (), a fictional narrative work written in prose, he parodies some of the fantastic tales told by Homer in the Odyssey and also the not-so-fantastic tales from the historian Thucydides. He anticipated modern science fiction themes including voyages to the moon and Venus, extraterrestrial life, interplanetary warfare, and artificial life, nearly two millennia before Jules Verne and H. G. Wells. The novel is often regarded as the earliest known work of science fiction.
The novel begins with an explanation that the story is not at all "true" and that everything in it is, in fact, a complete and utter lie. The narrative begins with Lucian and his fellow travelers journeying out past the Pillars of Heracles. Blown off course by a storm, they come to an island with a river of wine filled with fish and bears, a marker indicating that Heracles and Dionysus have traveled to this point, and trees that look like women. Shortly after leaving the island, they are caught up by a whirlwind and taken to the Moon, where they find themselves embroiled in a full-scale war between the king of the Moon and the king of the Sun over colonization of the Morning Star. Both armies include bizarre hybrid lifeforms. The armies of the Sun win the war by clouding over the Moon and blocking out the Sun's light. Both parties then come to a peace agreement. Lucian then describes life on the Moon and how it is different from life on Earth.
After returning to Earth, the adventurers are swallowed by a 200-mile-long whale, in whose belly they discover a variety of fish people, whom they wage war against and triumph over. They kill the whale by starting a bonfire and escape by propping its mouth open. Next, they encounter a sea of milk, an island of cheese, and the Island of the Blessed. There, Lucian meets the heroes of the Trojan War, other mythical men and animals, as well as Homer and Pythagoras. They find sinners being punished, the worst of them being the ones who had written books with lies and fantasies, including Herodotus and Ctesias. After leaving the Island of the Blessed, they deliver a letter to Calypso given to them by Odysseus explaining that he wishes he had stayed with her so he could have lived eternally. They then discover a chasm in the Ocean, but eventually sail around it, discover a far-off continent and decide to explore it. The book ends abruptly with Lucian stating that their future adventures will be described in the upcoming sequels, a promise which a disappointed scholiast described as "the biggest lie of all".
Satirical dialogues
In his Double Indictment, Lucian declares that his proudest literary achievement is the invention of the "satirical dialogue", which was modeled on the earlier Platonic dialogue, but was comedic in tone rather than philosophical. The prolaliai to his Dialogues of the Courtesans suggests that Lucian acted out his dialogues himself as part of a comedic routine. Lucian's Dialogues of the Dead () is a satirical work centering around the Cynic philosophers Diogenes and his pupil Menippus, who lived modestly while they were alive and are now living comfortably in the abysmal conditions of the Underworld, while those who had lived lives of luxury are in torment when faced by the same conditions. The dialogue draws on earlier literary precursors, including the nekyia in Book XI of Homer's Odyssey, but also adds new elements not found in them. Homer's nekyia describes transgressors against the gods being punished for their sins, but Lucian embellished this idea by having cruel and greedy persons also be punished.
In his dialogue The Lover of Lies (), Lucian satirizes belief in the supernatural and paranormal through a framing story in which the main narrator, a skeptic named Tychiades, goes to visit an elderly friend named Eukrates. At Eukrates's house, he encounters a large group of guests who have recently gathered together due to Eukrates suddenly falling ill. The other guests offer Eukrates a variety of folk remedies to help him recover. When Tychiades objects that such remedies do not work, the others all laugh at him and try to persuade him to believe in the supernatural by telling him stories, which grow increasingly ridiculous as the conversation progresses. One of the last stories they tell is "The Sorcerer's Apprentice", which the German playwright Goethe later adapted into a famous ballad.
Lucian frequently made fun of philosophers and no school was spared from his mockery. In the dialogue Philosophies for Sale, Lucian creates an imaginary slave market in which Zeus puts famous philosophers up for sale, including Pythagoras, Diogenes, Heraclitus, Socrates, Chrysippus, and Pyrrho, each of whom attempts to persuade the customers to buy his philosophy. In The Banquet, or Lapiths, Lucian points out the hypocrisies of representatives from all the major philosophical schools. In The Fisherman, or the Dead Come to Life, Lucian defends his other dialogues by comparing the venerable philosophers of ancient times with their unworthy contemporary followers. Lucian was often particularly critical of people who pretended to be philosophers when they really were not and his dialogue The Runaways portrays an imposter Cynic as the antithesis of true philosophy. His Symposium is a parody of Plato's Symposium in which, instead of discussing the nature of love, the philosophers get drunk, tell smutty tales, argue relentlessly over whose school is the best, and eventually break out into a full-scale brawl. In Icaromenippus, the Cynic philosopher Menippus fashions a set of wings for himself in imitation of the mythical Icarus and flies to Heaven, where he receives a guided tour from Zeus himself. The dialogue ends with Zeus announcing his decision to destroy all philosophers, since all they do is bicker, though he agrees to grant them a temporary reprieve until spring. Nektyomanteia is a dialogue written in parallel to Icaromenippus in which, rather than flying to Heaven, Menippus descends to the underworld to consult the prophet Tiresias.
Lucian wrote numerous dialogues making fun of traditional Greek stories about the gods. His Dialogues of the Gods () consists of numerous short vignettes parodying a variety of the scenes from Greek mythology. The dialogues portray the gods as comically weak and prone to all the foibles of human emotion. Zeus in particular is shown to be a "feckless ruler" and a serial adulterer. Lucian also wrote several other works in a similar vein, including Zeus Catechized, Zeus Rants, and The Parliament of the Gods. Throughout all his dialogues, Lucian displays a particular fascination with Hermes, the messenger of the gods, who frequently appears as a major character in the role of an intermediary who travels between worlds. The Dialogues of the Courtesans is a collection of short dialogues involving various courtesans. This collection is unique as one of the only surviving works of Greek literature to mention female homosexuality. It is also unusual for mixing Lucian's characters from other dialogues with stock characters from New Comedy; over half of the men mentioned in Dialogues of the Courtesans are also mentioned in Lucian's other dialogues, but almost all of the courtesans themselves are characters borrowed from the plays of Menander and other comedic playwrights.
Treatises and letters
Lucian's treatise Alexander the False Prophet describes the rise of Alexander of Abonoteichus, a charlatan who claimed to be the prophet of the serpent-god Glycon. Though the account is satirical in tone, it seems to be a largely accurate report of the Glycon cult and many of Lucian's statements about the cult have been confirmed through archaeological evidence, including coins, statues, and inscriptions. Lucian describes his own meeting with Alexander in which he posed as a friendly philosopher, but, when Alexander invited him to kiss his hand, Lucian bit it instead. Lucian reports that, aside from himself, the only others who dared challenge Alexander's reputation as a true prophet were the Epicureans (whom he lauds as heroes) and the Christians.
Lucian's treatise On the Syrian Goddess is a detailed description of the cult of the Syrian goddess Atargatis at Hierapolis (now Manbij). It is written in a faux-Ionic Greek and imitates the ethnographic methodology of the Greek historian Herodotus, which Lucian elsewhere derides as faulty. For generations, many scholars doubted the authenticity of On the Syrian Goddess because it seemed too genuinely reverent to have really been written by Lucian. More recently, scholars have come to recognize the book as satirical and have restored its Lucianic authorship.
In the treatise, Lucian satirizes the arbitrary cultural distinctions between "Greeks" and "Assyrians" by emphasizing the manner in which Syrians have adopted Greek customs and thereby effectively become "Greeks" themselves. The anonymous narrator of the treatise initially seems to be a Greek Sophist, but, as the treatise progresses, he reveals himself to actually be a native Syrian. Scholars dispute whether the treatise is an accurate description of Syrian cultural practices because very little is known about Hierapolis other than what is recorded in On the Syrian Goddess itself. Coins minted in the late fourth century BC, municipal decrees from Seleucid rulers, and a late Hellenistic relief carving have confirmed Lucian's statement that the city's original name was Manbog and that the city was closely associated with the cults of Atargatis and Hadad. A Jewish rabbi later listed the temple at Hierapolis as one of the five most important pagan temples in the Near East.
Macrobii ("Long-Livers") is an essay about famous philosophers who lived for many years. It describes how long each of them lived, and gives an account of each of their deaths. In his treatises Teacher of Rhetoric and On Salaried Posts, Lucian criticizes the teachings of master rhetoricians. His treatise On Dancing is a major source of information about Greco-Roman dance. In it, he describes dance as an act of mimesis ("imitation") and rationalizes the myth of Proteus as being nothing more than an account of a highly skilled Egyptian dancer. He also wrote about visual arts in Portraits and On Behalf of Portraits. Lucian's biography of the philosopher Demonax eulogizes him as a great philosopher and portrays him as a hero of parrhesia ("boldness of speech"). In his treatise, How to Write History, Lucian criticizes the historical methodology used by writers such as Herodotus and Ctesias, who wrote vivid and self-indulgent descriptions of events they had never actually seen. Instead, Lucian argues that the historian never embellish his stories and should place his commitment to accuracy above his desire to entertain his audience. He also argues the historian should remain absolutely impartial and tell the events as they really happened, even if they are likely to cause disapproval. Lucian names Thucydides as a specific example of a historian who models these virtues.
In his satirical letter Passing of Peregrinus (), Lucian describes the death of the controversial Cynic philosopher Peregrinus Proteus, who had publicly immolated himself on a pyre at the Olympic Games of AD 165. The letter is historically significant because it preserves one of the earliest pagan evaluations of Christianity. In the letter, one of Lucian's characters delivers a speech ridiculing Christians for their perceived credulity and ignorance, but he also affords them some level of respect on account of their morality.
In the letter Against the Ignorant Book Collector, Lucian ridicules the common practice whereby Near Easterners collect massive libraries of Greek texts for the sake of appearing "cultured", but without actually reading any of them.
Pseudo-Lucian
Some of the writings attributed to Lucian, such as the Amores and the Ass, are usually not considered genuine works of Lucian and are normally cited under the name of "Pseudo-Lucian". The Ass () is probably a summarized version of a story by Lucian, and contains largely the same basic plot elements as The Golden Ass (or Metamorphoses) of Apuleius, but with fewer inset tales and a different ending. Amores is usually dated to the third or fourth centuries based on stylistic grounds.
Legacy
Byzantine
Lucian is mentioned only sporadically between his death and the ninth century, even among pagan authors. The first author to mention him is Lactantius. He is made a character in the sixth-century letters of Aristaenetus. In the same century, portions of his On Slander were translated into Syriac as part of a monastic compendium. He was reassessed positively in the ninth century by the first generation of Byzantine humanists, such as Leo the Mathematician, Basil of Adada and Photios. In his Bibliotheca, Photios notes that Lucian "ridicules pagan things in almost all his texts", is never serious and never reveals his own opinion.
In the tenth century, Lucian was known in some circles as an anti-Christian writer, as seen in the works of Arethas of Caesarea and the Suda encyclopedia. The authors of the Suda concludes that Lucian's soul is burning in Hell for his negative remarks about Christians in the Passing of Peregrinus. In general, however, the Byzantine reception of Lucian was positive. He was perhaps the only ancient author openly hostile to Christianity to be received positively by the Byzantines. He was regarded as not merely a pagan, but an atheist. Even so, "Lucian the atheist gave way to Lucian the master of style." From the eleventh century, he was a part of the school curriculum.
There was a "Lucianic revival" in the twelfth century. The preeminent Lucianic author of this period, who imitated Lucian's style in his own works, was Theodore Prodromos. In the Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture of twelfth-century Sicily, Lucian influenced the Greek authors Philagathus of Cerami and Eugenius of Palermo.
Renaissance and Reformation
In the West, Lucian's writings were mostly forgotten during the Middle Ages. When they were rediscovered in the West around 1400, they immediately became popular with the Renaissance humanists. By 1400, there were just as many Latin translations of the works of Lucian as there were for the writings of Plato and Plutarch. By ridiculing plutocracy as absurd, Lucian helped facilitate one of Renaissance humanism's most basic themes. His Dialogues of the Dead were especially popular and were widely used for moral instruction. As a result of this popularity, Lucian's writings had a profound influence on writers from the Renaissance and the Early Modern period.
Many early modern European writers adopted Lucian's lighthearted tone, his technique of relating a fantastic voyage through a familiar dialogue, and his trick of constructing proper names with deliberately humorous etymological meanings. During the Protestant Reformation, Lucian provided literary precedent for writers making fun of Catholic clergy. Desiderius Erasmus's Encomium Moriae (1509) displays Lucianic influences. Perhaps the most notable example of Lucian's impact in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was on the French writer François Rabelais, particularly in his set of five novels, Gargantua and Pantagruel, which was first published in 1532. Rabelais also is thought to be responsible for a primary introduction of Lucian to the French Renaissance and beyond through his translations of Lucian's works.
Lucian's True Story inspired both Sir Thomas More's Utopia (1516) and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726). Sandro Botticelli's paintings The Calumny of Apelles and Pallas and the Centaur are both based on descriptions of paintings found in Lucian's works. Lucian's prose narrative Timon the Misanthrope was the inspiration for William Shakespeare's tragedy Timon of Athens and the scene from Hamlet with the gravediggers echoes several scenes from Dialogues of the Dead. Christopher Marlowe's famous verse "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships/And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?" is a paraphrase of a quote from Lucian. Francis Bacon called Lucian a "contemplative atheist".
Early modern period
Henry Fielding, the author of The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749), owned a complete set of Lucian's writings in nine volumes. He deliberately imitated Lucian in his Journey from This World and into the Next and, in The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great (1743), he describes Lucian as "almost... like the true father of humour" and lists him alongside Miguel de Cervantes and Jonathan Swift as a true master of satire. In The Convent Garden Journal, Fielding directly states in regard to Lucian that he had modeled his style "upon that very author". Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, François Fénelon, Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, and Voltaire all wrote adaptations of Lucian's Dialogues of the Dead. According to Turner, Voltaire's Candide (1759) displays the characteristically Lucianic theme of "refuting philosophical theory by reality". Voltaire also wrote The Conversation between Lucian, Erasmus and Rabelais in the Elysian Fields, a dialogue in which he treats Lucian as "one of his masters in the strategy of intellectual revolution".
Denis Diderot drew inspiration from the writings of Lucian in his Socrates Gone Mad; or, the Dialogues of Diogenes of Sinope (1770) and his Conversations in Elysium (1780). Lucian appears as one of two speakers in Diderot's dialogue Peregrinus Proteus (1791), which was based on The Passing of Peregrinus. Lucian's True Story inspired Cyrano de Bergerac, whose writings later served as inspiration for Jules Verne. The German satirist Christoph Martin Wieland was the first person to translate the complete works of Lucian into German and he spent his entire career adapting the ideas behind Lucian's writings for a contemporary German audience. David Hume admired Lucian as a "very moral writer" and quoted him with reverence when discussing ethics or religion. Hume read Lucian's Kataplous or Downward Journey when he was on his deathbed. Herman Melville references Lucian in Chapter 5 of The Confidence-Man, Book 26 of Pierre, and Chapter 13 of Israel Potter.
Modern period
Thomas Carlyle's epithet "Phallus-Worship", which he used to describe the contemporary literature of French writers such as Honoré de Balzac and George Sand, was inspired by his reading of Lucian. Kataplous, or Downward Journey also served as the source for Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of the Übermensch or Overman. Nietzsche declaration of a "new and super-human way of laughing – at the expense of everything serious!" echoes the exact wording of Tiresias's final advice to the eponymous hero of Lucian's dialogue Menippus: "Laugh a great deal and take nothing seriously." Professional philosophical writers since then have generally ignored Lucian, but Turner comments that "perhaps his spirit is still alive in those who, like Bertrand Russell, are prepared to flavor philosophy with wit."
Many 19th century and early 20th century classicists viewed Lucian's works negatively. The German classicist Eduard Norden admitted that he had, as a foolish youth, wasted time reading the works of Lucian, but, as an adult, had come to realize that Lucian was nothing more than an "Oriental without depth or character... who has no soul and degrades the most soulful language". Rudolf Helm, one of the leading scholars on Lucian in the early twentieth century, labelled Lucian as a "thoughtless Syrian" who "possesses none of the soul of a tragedian" and compared him to the poet Heinrich Heine, who was known as the "mockingbird in the German poetry forest". In his 1906 publication Lukian und Menipp ("Lucian and Menippus"), Helm argued that Lucian's claims of generic originality, especially his claim of having invented the comic dialogue, were actually lies intended to cover up his almost complete dependence on Menippus, whom he argued was the true inventor of the genre.
Lucian's Syrian identity received renewed attention in the early twenty-first century as Lucian became seen as what Richter calls "a sort of Second Sophistic answer to early twenty-first-century questions about cultural and ethnic hybridity". Richter states that Postcolonial critics have come to embrace Lucian as "an early imperial paradigm of the 'ethno-cultural hybrid.'"
Editions
; volume II; volume III; volume IV.
; volume II.
Lucian's True History, with illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley, William Strang, and J. B. Clark, privately printed in an edition of 251 copies, 1894.
; volume II; volume III; volume IV.
Lucian with an English translation (Loeb Classical Library), in 8 volumes: vols. 1–5 ed. Austin Morris Harmon (1913, 1915, 1921, 1925, 1936); vol. 6 ed. K. Kilburn (1959); vol. 7–8 ed. Matthew Donald Macleod (1961, 1967).
Neil Hopkinson (ed.), Lucian: A Selection. Cambridge Greek and Latin Texts (Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Lucian of Samosata Project – Library/Texts, Articles, Timeline, Maps, and Themes
A.M. Harmon, Introduction to Lucian of Samosata
Dickinson College Commentaries: True Histories
Alexander the False Prophet – the successful travelling prophet of Asclepius and his oracular serpent god
Works of Lucian of Samostata at sacred-texts.com
The Syrian Goddess, at sacred-texts.com
Macrobii and Lucius (The Ass), at attalus.org
Contents – Harvard University Press
P. P. Fuentes González, art. Lucien de Samosate, DPhA IV, 2005, 131–160.
Works of Lucian at the Perseus Digital Library Project
125 births
2nd-century deaths
People of Roman Syria
Atticists (rhetoricians)
Ionic Greek writers
Ancient Greek novelists
Greek speculative fiction writers
Ancient Greek satirists
2nd-century Romans
2nd-century writers
2nd-century novelists
Glycon cult |
The mixed team compound competition at the 2015 World Archery Championships took place from 26 July to 1 August in Copenhagen, Denmark.
42 countries entered at least one archer each into the men's and women's competitions, thus becoming eligible for the mixed team competition. The combined totals of the highest placed archers for each gender from each country in the qualification round were added together, and the 16 teams with the highest combined scores competed in the elimination rounds.
Schedule
All times are local (UTC+01:00).
Qualification round
Pre-tournament world rankings ('WR') are taken from the 18 July 2015 World Archery Rankings.
Qualified for eliminations
Elimination rounds
References
2015 World Archery Championships |
Amine bin Saeed bin Mahmoud bin Hussein Takieddine (Arabic: أمين سعيد محمد حسين تقي الدين), 7 November 1884 – 31 May 1937) was a Lebanese writer, poet, lawyer, and political journalist who engaged in Lebanese journalism and politics but failed to break though due to the dissonance between his character and the conception of politics in people's minds. Born in Baakleen in the Chouf District, Takieddine finished his studies in Beirut then travelled to Egypt and published Az-Zouhour magazine along with Anton Gemayel. He worked as a lawyer in Beirut up until his death from a cardiac arrest. He is famous for his published works in the fields of literature and law.
Early life
Amine Takieddine was born on 7 November 1884, in the Lebanese village of Baakleen in the Chouf District, to a Druze family of Arabic descent. His father, Said Takieddine, served as the President of the Alumni Association at the American University of Beirut. His family was deeply rooted in different fields of literature, knowledge, and politics.
After Takieddine completed his first year of schooling in the village school, his father enrolled him at the age of seven in the Dawdye school, which was the first school built for the Druze in Aabey. He studied Arabic there for two years and had the privilege to be taught by the linguistic author Ali Nasser Al-Dine, who had a great impact on developing Takieddine's literary talent.
In 1896, Takieddine moved to Sagesse High School in Beirut and finished his secondary school at the age of 15. At the Sagesse High school, the late Wadih Akel became his classmate, and Takieddine received his education from the Arabic grammar scholar Sheikh Abdullah Boustani. There, in Beirut, he unraveled the magnificence of the Arabic and French literature.
Upon finishing his secondary school, Takieddine started studying English at the Syrian Protestant College, which is now known as the American University of Beirut. He studied there for two years; thus, his knowledge grew richer and his yearning for freedom and independence grew deeper.
He travelled to Istanbul, the beating heart and the tactical brain of the Ottoman State, which was troubled by the Arab Renaissance movement; then he landed in Egypt, where he studied law and sat for his exams in Paris. Between 1910 and 1912, he assisted the late Anton Gemayel in publishing Az-Zouhour magazine, a platform for prominent contemporary poets and writers, where he promoted honest patriotism and guided the youth to follow the right path.
Before the outbreak of World War I, in 1913, Takieddine returned to his homeland. Soon after he settled in his village, the military authorities summoned him; he was sentenced to death in absentia. Takieddine was secretly advised to hide away, as the commander of "Beiteddine" gendarmerie was on his way, flanked by soldiers, to bring him. Takieddine took off to a ranch owned by his parents in Baakleen's outskirts. There, he was keen on writing articles, constructing rhyming poetry, and translating a novel entitled "The Story of a Poor Young Man" from French to Arabic. He died with only 10 pages left for translation, so Khalil Takieddine, his nephew from his late brother, embarked on translating the remaining pages.
It is believed that Amine Takieddine was sentenced to death and that he evaded the Turkish authorities for so long until Lebanon was finally freed from the Turks' oppression. Amine Takieddine later related his full story, i.e., how he eluded the Turks' grasp, in an interview for a Lebanese magazine.
Marriage and children
In 1912, he returned from Egypt to Lebanon to marry Nabiha Abd al-Malik, the daughter of Sheikh Amin Abd al-Malik, who was the son of his uncle. His return was not the first since 1903; he returned for the first time in 1909, when he got to know his relatives after a long absence, and among those he knew was Nabiha. Sheikh Abd al-Malik was very fanatic and clinging to traditions and wanted his daughter to remain in Lebanon with her future husband, while Amine wanted to move with her to Cairo, where he worked. Thus, Amine returned to Egypt alone and began to secretly correspond with his fiancée through both his younger brother Fouad and Zafer Khalil Al-Mashaalani, who was a friend of Nabiha.
Death and memorial
He died of cardiac arrest on 31 May 1937, in Beirut. A full funeral was held for him in Baakleen, and his name was given to one of Beirut's streets in Tal al-Khayat.
On 10 January 1968, a memorial festival was held for him in the UNESCO Hall in Beirut, in which a group of poets and writers spoke about the 30th anniversary of his death.
Career
After completing his studies in the Sagesse School, in 1905 he travelled to Egypt, where he stayed for 5 years, working initially as a journalist for Al Dhaher daily newspaper, owned by the lawyer Mohamad Abou Shadi. He later joined the Khedivial Law School and graduated with a BA degree from Dijon University in France, where he used to travel to attend classes at the end of each year.
His friend Anton Gemayel asked for his assistance in publishing Az-Zouhour magazine, so he did, and they became partners since the fourth issue of the magazine in June 1911. It was a highly esteemed monthly literary magazine, which was published intermittently. It ran up until December 1913, spearheading the Arab Renaissance movement at the time.
After the war ended and the French mandate was imposed on the country, the French authorities assigned him to supervise subsidies, and he was later appointed as member in the court that was established to look into the property sale/purchase transactions that took place during the war. He spent two years in that position.
Takieddine then moved to Beirut and worked in journalism. He started writing for Al Bayrak newspaper then for Al Barq newspaper. After that, he started his own law firm in 1919, alongside his friend Gabriel Nassar. His office in Beirut was turned into a "poetry club" for meeting up with poets and writers such as his friends Bechara El Khoury, Moussa Nammour, Michel Zakour, Wadih Akel, Elias Fayad, Adib Mazhar, and Elias Abou Chabke. Rumors claim that Abou Chabke used to visit Takieddine in his office to read his poetry to him and that Chabke was always met with attention and motivation; the same motivation that contributed in shaping and growing Takieddine's talents.
He co-founded the "Lebanese Youth Association" in 1920. He also joined the "Arab Literature Association" and co-founded the "Literature Association," which was called for by Bechara El Khoury, alongside numerous scholars and writers with the aim of bringing together writers in Lebanon and the Arab world. The idea of this "Literature Association" originated from his friend Bechara El Khoury and aimed at bringing together authors of Lebanon and of the Arab world in one place. He co-founded the "Sagesse School Alumni Association," where he served as a vice-president. He was also a member of the Druze Community Council.
In 1921, he was the Secretary General of the Beirut Bar Association. On 26 October 1923, he was re-elected for another term. In 1925, the governor nominated him to be among a community that supervised the finance of Aabey's schools.
Takieddine ran for the parliamentary elections in the years 1925, 1927 and 1931, but was not elected. He also contributed to the establishment of several local political parties and was involved in some of them for a while, including the "Democratic Union Party," of which he served as a member, and the "Lebanese Front Party" alongside Youssef Al Sawda, Elias El Khoury and Elias Baaklini, where the party's objective was to call for the independence of Lebanon.
When it became clear to him that politics was not his strong suit, he turned his back on it until he died on 31 May 1937. He was a member of the "Lebanese Scientific Society" which was established by a Presidential Decree issued by Charles Debbas on 31 February 1928. It only convened twice throughout its lifetime.
Personality
Takieddine was liked by everyone. He was humorous, well-dressed, eloquent, high-minded, kind and dissociated from royalty and persons of power. He never put his pen at the service of any such persons. Instead, he was close to people; he never sought for compliment, flatter, lie to or fawn over anyone.
He was an honest Lebanese whose poetry and literature reflected his strong patriotic sentiments. He loved Lebanon so he extolled its beauty, its undisturbed sky and clear water. He was known for his loyalty to his compatriots and friends. When he died, he did not leave behind a single enemy.
Amine's pleadings in court were marked by his oratorical prowess, so much so that the President of the Criminal Court, Sheikh Mohamad Al Jisr, once told him:
"Your oratorical skills make me fear for the justice system. With your arguments, you can make the wrong look right". It is said that one day, a person resorted to Sheikh Amine to resolve a dispute before Mohamad Al Jisr, so Amine wrote to the latter the following lines:
"My brother Sheikh Mohamad, we both have an obligation towards the carrier of my letter. He saw in me a ray of hope and in you a solution to his case. I delivered on hope. You deliver on solution. Greetings."
Among the critical cases that he handled in court was the case of murdering the Lebanese Director of Interior, Assad Khurshid. His literary legacy consisted of numerous books, including "Ethics of the Law Practice" and "Bloody Secrets" by Jean de Castaing.
Literature and poetry
Takieddine was a writer of articles, prose and rhyming poetry. He had a solid relationship with Walieddine Yakan, underpinned by their similar moral values and ethics. Their poetry was alike: same harmony, same flair, same melancholic tone, same sorrowful blank verse, and same rhythmic eloquence and sentimentality as depicted by Elias Abou Chabke. Spirited and authentic, his poems were fluent and lustrous like a shining creek.
He was known for his book "Ethics of the Law Practice" (Arabic: Adab Almohamah أدب المحاماة) and his translation of "The Bloody Secrets" for Jules de Castine (Arabic: Alasrar Aldamya الأسرار الدامية ) from French to Arabic.
Egypt inspired and shaped the poetry of Sheikh Amine as he was directly exposed to both Egyptian and Lebanese writers staying in the Nile Valley. Among writers and poets he knew were Ahmad Chawki, Hafez Ibrahim, Waliyeddine Yakan, Ismail Sabri, Mahmoud Sami Al Baroudi, Daoud Barakat, Khalil Moutran, Salim Sarkis, Jurji Zaydan, Chibli Mallat, Chibli Chemayel, Imam Mohamad Al Abd, and other icons of poetry and literature. Not only that, but he fraternized with them as pen fellows.
His poetry was collected by his son, Wasim. It was later lost during the bloody events of Beirut and recollected recently by Najeeb Al-Baini. It was well-articulated, with carefully-chosen, elegant and truthful wording, reflecting his clemency, serenity, affability, and grandeur. His literature also includes his translation of the novel "The Story of a Poor Young Man" from French to Arabic.
Bibliography
مصادر الدراسات الأدبية/ يوسف اسعد داغر
ديوان امين تقي الدين/ جمعه وحققه وقدم له سامي مكارم
References/Notes and references
Lebanese journalists
1884 births
1937 deaths |
Mitsuko is a feminine Japanese given name.
Possible writings
The name Mitsuko is generally written with the kanji characters 光 and 子 which, when translated into English can mean "light, child" or "shining, child". However Mitsuko can have different meanings depending on which kanji characters are used to write the name. Some possible variations of the name Mitsuko are:
光子, "light, child"
充子, "provide, child"
満子, "satisfy/full, child"
睦子, "harmonious/intimate/friendly, child"
三子, "third child"
密子, "carefulness/secrecy, child"
蜜子, "honey/nectar/molasses, child"
People with the name
Mitsuko Baisho (倍賞 美津子 Baishō Mitsuko), a Japanese actress
Mitsuko Coudenhove (クーデンホーフ 光子 Kūdenhōfu Mitsuko), the mother of Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
, Japanese concubine
Mitsuko Horie (堀江 美都子 Horie Mitsuko, born 1957), a Japanese singer and voice actress
, Japanese ice hockey player
Mitsuko Mito (水戸光子 Mito Mitsuko, 1919–1981), a Japanese actress
Mitsuko Mori (森 光子 Mori Mitsuko, 1920–2012), a Japanese actress
, Japanese sailor
Mitsuko Shiga (四賀 光子 Shiga Mitsuko, 1885–1976), a Japanese tanka poet
, Japanese high jumper
Mitsuko Uchida (内田 光子 Uchida Mitsuko, born 1948), Japanese naturalized-British classical pianist
Mitsuko Yoshikawa (吉川 満子 Yoshikawa Mitsuko, 1901–1991), a Japanese actress
Fictional characters
Mitsuko Komyoji, a central character in the Android Kikaider manga and anime series
Mitsuko Souma, a central character in the Battle Royale novel, film, and manga
Mitsuko the Boar, a character from the Bloody Roar video game series
Mitsouko Yorisaka, a character in Claude Farrère's novel La Bataille, and the namesake of Guerlain's perfume "Mitsouko"
Mitsuko Krieger, a character in Archer (2009 TV series), the holographic anime-style "wife" of Algernop Krieger.
Mitsuko Hama, a character from the manga Sazae-san
References
See also
Mitzi
Japanese feminine given names
Feminine given names |
The 1978 New Hampshire gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1978.
Incumbent Republican Governor Meldrim Thomson Jr., who defeated former governor Wesley Powell for the Republican nomination, ran for a fourth term in office, but was defeated by State Representative Hugh Gallen.
Election results
References
See also
New Hampshire
1978
Gubernatorial |
Timothy A. Krieger is an American Republican politician who represented the 57th district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 2009 to 2015.
Personal life
Krieger grew up in Connellsville, attending Connellsville Area Senior High School. He then attended Liberty University, graduating with a degree in mathematics in 1984. Krieger then entered the United States Navy before attending law school at the University of Pittsburgh, from which he graduated in 1992. He was in private practice, most recently in Greensburg, Pennsylvania until he was elected to the PA House of Reps for the 57th district in 2008. Later, he was elected to be a Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas judge.
Political career
Kreiger was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in November 2008, defeating John W. Boyle and winning the previously Democratic seat with 52% of the vote. He served on the Game & Fisheries, Intergovernmental Affairs, Judiciary and State Government committees.
References
External links
Pennsylvania House of Representatives page
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Living people
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Hirske coal mine () is a large coal mine located in the south-east of Ukraine in Hirske, Luhansk Oblast. Hirske represents one of the largest coal reserves in Ukraine having estimated reserves of 46.5 million tonnes. The annual coal production is around 320,000 tonnes.
In 1980, 66 miners and two rescue workers died in an accident at the Hirske mine.
See also
Coal in Ukraine
List of mines in Ukraine
References
Coal mines in Ukraine
Economy of Luhansk Oblast
Coal mines in the Soviet Union |
```python
import contextvars
import time
from contextvars import ContextVar
ContextVar("cv", default=[]) # bad
ContextVar("cv", default=list()) # bad
ContextVar("cv", default=set()) # bad
ContextVar("cv", default=time.time()) # bad (B008-like)
contextvars.ContextVar("cv", default=[]) # bad
# good
ContextVar("cv", default=())
contextvars.ContextVar("cv", default=())
ContextVar("cv", default=tuple())
# see tests/b006_b008.py for more comprehensive tests
``` |
```c
f(double x){double y;y=x/0.5;if(y<0.1)y=1.0;}
``` |
```objective-c
/*
*
*/
#ifndef _MEC_PWM_H
#define _MEC_PWM_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define MCHP_PWM_INST_SPACING 0x10u
#define MCHP_PWM_INST_SPACING_P2 4u
/* PWM Count On register */
#define MCHP_PWM_COUNT_ON_REG_OFS 0u
#define MCHP_PWM_COUNT_ON_MASK 0xffffu
/* PWM Count Off register */
#define MCHP_PWM_COUNT_OFF_REG_OFS 4u
#define MCHP_PWM_COUNT_OFF_MASK 0xffffu
/* PWM Configuration Register */
#define MCHP_PWM_CONFIG_REG_OFS 8u
#define MCHP_PWM_CONFIG_MASK 0x7fu
/*
* Enable and start PWM. Clearing this bit resets internal counters.
* COUNT_ON and COUNT_OFF registers are not affected by enable bit.
*/
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_ENABLE_POS 0
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_ENABLE BIT(MCHP_PWM_CFG_ENABLE_POS)
/* Clock select */
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_SEL_POS 1u
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_SEL_48M 0u
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_SEL_100K BIT(MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_SEL_POS)
/*
* ON state polarity.
* Default ON state is High.
*/
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_ON_POL_POS 2u
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_ON_POL_HI 0u
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_ON_POL_LO BIT(MCHP_PWM_CFG_ON_POL_POS)
/*
* Clock pre-divider
* Clock divider value = pre-divider + 1
*/
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_PRE_DIV_POS 3u
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_PRE_DIV_MASK0 0x0fU
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_PRE_DIV_MASK \
SHLU32(0x0fu, MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_PRE_DIV_POS)
#define MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_PRE_DIV(n) \
SHLU32((n) & MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_PRE_DIV_MASK0, \
MCHP_PWM_CFG_CLK_PRE_DIV_POS)
/* PWM input frequencies selected in configuration register. */
#define MCHP_PWM_INPUT_FREQ_HI 48000000u
#define MCHP_PWM_INPUT_FREQ_LO 100000u
/*
* PWM Frequency =
* (1 / (pre_div + 1)) * PWM_INPUT_FREQ / ((COUNT_ON+1) + (COUNT_OFF+1))
*
* PWM Duty Cycle =
* (COUNT_ON+1) / ((COUNT_ON+1) + (COUNT_OFF + 1))
*/
/** @brief PWM controller */
struct pwm_regs {
volatile uint32_t COUNT_ON;
volatile uint32_t COUNT_OFF;
volatile uint32_t CONFIG;
};
#endif /* #ifndef _MEC_PWM_H */
``` |
"Faithless Heart" is a 1988 single by Christian music singer Amy Grant. It was released as the sixth and final single from Grant's very successful Lead Me On album. Unlike some of Grant's previous singles, this song made a sales and airplay impact on Christian radio but not on pop or "mainstream" radio.
"Faithless Heart" is a downtempo song that caused eyebrows to raise when it was released in the late 1980s. The music adopts a haunting sound with Hammond organ music, whispering, and ominous background vocals. The very personal lyrics detail Grant's doubts about her marriage with then-husband Gary Chapman. In the song, she discusses her temptation to walk out on her husband but her defiant choice to resist temptation and "choose the man that waits for me with a heart that's true". Such messages of doubt had been a central theme of Grant's music up to the point and since, but the lyrics that some perceived as hinting at divorce or adultery made some in the Christian community uneasy. Nevertheless, the song was successful on Christian radio.
The song has received widespread critical praise and is today often heralded as a brave masterpiece. In a 2002 Lifetime documentary on Grant's career, the artist's managers singled out "Faithless Heart" as a classic song that made them very proud of Grant's career, despite the controversy they faced when the song released to radio.
Background
The first two singles from Lead Me On cracked the mainstream pop charts in addition to topping the U.S. Christian charts. The album's four remaining singles, however, charted only on Christian radio. The release of "Faithless Heart" came at a time when Grant was at what seemed to be the height of her career, having recently become one of the first Contemporary Christian music artists to achieve success on pop radio (though she would later achieve far greater success in the 1990s). It also came at a time when Grant and her husband at the time, Gary Chapman, were facing ongoing marital problems. Chapman had battled drug addiction in the 1980s but it was "Faithless Heart" that first clued the public into the problems that Grant faced at home. Grant and Chapman divorced ten years later.
The Lead Me On album is widely considered one of the greatest and most successful Christian albums ever recorded and was named the greatest of all time by CCM Magazine.
Chart Success
"Faithless Heart" peaked at #12 on the Christian music charts in the United States. Though still a Top 15 hit, the single had the weakest chart performance of any single from Lead Me On. That may be partly due to the song's position as the sixth Lead Me On single. Chart success often declines for singles released toward the end of an album's radio promotion. The controversial lyrics, however, may also account for the lower chart performance. The song did not crack the pop or mainstream charts.
20th Anniversary Edition
In 2007, Grant had left Word Records and A&M Records, the two labels which had overseen the original release of Lead Me On. That year, her new record label, EMI Records, reissued a new digitally remastered edition of Lead Me On. In 2008, EMI again reissued the album, this time as a double-disc 20th Anniversary Edition. The second disc of that re-release featured a new recording of "Faithless Heart" by Amy Grant with Michael W. Smith on the electric piano. Grant described the new recording as "a songwriter's version", with the music stripped down to further emphasize the lyrics. The disc also featured a new introduction track with Grant and Smith discussing how to arrange the song. In promoting the re-release, Grant performed the new acoustic version during various media appearances.
Charts
Faithless Heart
Faithless Heart
Songs written by Amy Grant
Songs written by Michael W. Smith
1988 songs
Word Records singles
A&M Records singles
EMI Records singles
Song recordings produced by Brown Bannister |
Pascolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of asthma. A Phase II clinical trial in patients with symptomatic glucocorticoid naive asthma has been conducted in 2001/2002.
References
Monoclonal antibodies
Experimental drugs |
Venable Ice Shelf is an ice shelf, 40 miles (60 km) long and 15 miles (24 km) wide, between Fletcher and Allison Peninsulas, Ellsworth Land. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Cdm. J. D. Venable, U.S. Navy, Ships Operations Officer, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, 1967 and 1968.
Further reading
Zhang, X. , Thompson, A. , Flexas, M. and Bornemann, H. (2014), Evidence of ice shelf melt in the Bellingshausen Sea from seal-borne observations, 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 23 February 2014 - 28 February 2014
External links
Venable Ice Shelf on USGS website
Venable Ice Shelf on AADC website
Venable Ice Shelf on SCAR website
References
Ice shelves of Antarctica
Bodies of ice of Ellsworth Land |
```java
Uses of the `final` keyword
Connecting to FTP using Java
Use strings in a `switch` statement
Inheriting a constructor from a superclass
Calling one constructor from another
``` |
New American Leaders is a nonprofit organization that recruits people of immigrant heritage to run for elected office in the United States.
Programs
Through "Ready to Win", New American Leaders recruits first- and second-generation Americans to run for public office, and provides training to help get them elected including topics such as fundraising, navigating campaigns, and leveraging their identities to connect with broad voter bases. The training includes discussions of American values, identity, and xenophobia. The goal of electing officials with immigrant heritage is to elevate the discussion of immigration in the United States, and for elected officials to reflect the reality that one in four U.S. citizens is an immigrant or a child of immigrants.
According to the organization's 2019 study of the American Community Survey, naturalized citizens make up hundreds of thousands of eligible voters in so-called swing states and could prove influential in presidential elections.
History
New American Leaders was founded in 2010 by Sayu Bhojwani.
From 2011 to 2015, 33 alumni of its trainings ran for elected office, of whom ten won their races, and others took positions in public service.
In 2016, the organization led its first all-female training in New York.
In 2018, nearly 50 alumni ran for public office across the country, of whom 18 won their races in state assemblies, city councils and school boards. Catalina Cruz credits the training as having helped her raise nearly $200,000 in her successful primary bid for New York State Assembly representing Jackson Heights, Queens in 2018, becoming the first DREAMer elected to that legislative body.
As of April 2019, the organization had trained more than 600 candidates in eight states, not only focusing on political races where the racial composition is favorable to a particular minority.
In September 2019, the organization launched "Boss Ladies" trainings for young women to serve as staff on political campaigns.
In January 2020, New American Leaders received a three-year grant of $1.5 million from the Ascend Fund to recruit and train women candidates.
Notable alumni
Isela Blanc
Stephanie Chang
Catalina Cruz
Carlos Menchaca
References
External links
Non-profit organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 2010
2010 establishments in the United States |
```javascript
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
define(["jquery", "data/Parts", "part/Part", "part.scss", "data/Notes",
"Tone/core/Transport", "part/SnapScroll", "part/TimelineIndicator"],
function ($, PartsData, Part, partStyle, Notes, Transport, SnapScroll,
TimelineIndicator) {
var partsContainer = $("<div>", {
"id" : "Parts"
}).appendTo("body");
//reset the chord when the parts container changes size
$(window).on("resize", function(){
Parts.setChord(currentNotes);
});
/**
* THE PARTS
*/
var parts = [];
var currentPart = 0;
//setup
for (var i = 0; i < PartsData.parts.length; i++){
var part = new Part(partsContainer, PartsData.parts[i]);
part.enabled = false;
parts.push(part);
}
// the current notes
var currentNotes = [];
/**
* The return object
*/
var Parts = {
setChord : function(notes){
currentNotes = notes;
parts.forEach(function(part){
part.setChord(notes);
});
},
initChord : function(){
parts.forEach(function(part){
part.initChord();
});
},
setPart : function(currentIndex, nextIndex){
var lastPart = parts[currentIndex];
lastPart.enable(false);
//setup the new part
currentPart = nextIndex;
parts[nextIndex].enable(true);
}
};
//initially just set it to C
Parts.setChord(Notes.major.C);
//and enable the first part
parts[currentPart].enable(true);
//and make the parts scrollable
SnapScroll(partsContainer, Parts.setPart);
//swap out the icons
partsContainer.find(".slick-prev").addClass("icon-svg_left_arrow");
partsContainer.find(".slick-next").addClass("icon-svg_right_arrow");
//set the loop position of the transport
Transport.loop = true;
Transport.loopEnd = PartsData.loopDuration;
//the timelint indicator
TimelineIndicator(partsContainer);
return Parts;
});
``` |
Chinese Romanian or Romanian Chinese may refer to
People's Republic of China–Romania relations
Chinese of Romania
Romanians in China
People with dual citizenship of China and Romania |
Robert John Colville (born 1965) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
Biography
Colville grew up on the North Side of Pittsburgh and was the middle of three children of Robert E. and Judy Joyce Colville. Colville received a Bachelor of Arts from Pennsylvania State University in 1989 and his Juris Doctor from Duquesne University School of Law in 1992. He began his legal career by serving as a law clerk from 1992 to 1994 to the Honorable Ralph J. Cappy, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. He worked as an associate at the law firm of Pietragallo Bosick & Gordon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1994 to 1999. From 2000 to 2019, Colville served as a judge on the Court of Common Pleas for Allegheny County, where he presided over civil matters. From 2012 to 2019, he served as a judge on the Pennsylvania Court of Judicial Discipline.
Federal judicial service
Expired nomination to district court under Obama
On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Colville to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Judge Gary L. Lancaster, who died on April 24, 2013. He received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 9, 2015. His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress.
Renomination to district court under Trump
On March 1, 2019, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Colville to serve as a United States district judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania as part of a bipartisan package of nominees. On March 5, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Colville to the seat vacated by Judge Arthur J. Schwab, who assumed senior status on January 1, 2018. On May 9, 2019, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 15–7 vote. A cloture motion on the nomination was presented to the Senate on December 16, 2019, but it was withdrawn on December 18, 2019. On December 19, 2019, his nomination was confirmed by a 66–27 vote. He received his judicial commission on December 31, 2019.
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
Duquesne University School of Law alumni
Judges of the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas
Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
Lawyers from Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania state court judges
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Politicians from Pittsburgh
United States district court judges appointed by Donald Trump |
Villiersfaux () is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Loir-et-Cher department
References
Communes of Loir-et-Cher |
Notre-Dame de la Garde (literally: Our Lady of the Guard), known to local citizens as la Bonne Mère (French for 'the Good Mother'), is a Catholic basilica in Marseille, France, and the city's best-known symbol. The site of a popular Assumption Day pilgrimage, it is the most visited site in Marseille. It was built on the foundations of an ancient fort at the highest natural point in Marseille, a limestone outcropping on the south side of the Old Port of Marseille.
Construction of the basilica began in 1853 and lasted for over forty years. It was originally an enlargement of a medieval chapel but was transformed into a new structure at the request of Father Bernard, the chaplain. The plans were made and developed by the architect Henri-Jacques Espérandieu. It was consecrated while still unfinished on 5 June 1864. The basilica consists of a lower church or crypt in the Romanesque style, carved from the rock, and an upper church of Neo-Byzantine style decorated with mosaics. A square bell tower topped by a belfry supports a monumental statue of the Madonna and Child, made of copper gilded with gold leaf.
An extensive restoration from 2001 to 2008 included work on mosaics damaged by candle smoke, green limestone from Gonfolina which had been corroded by pollution, and stonework that had been hit by bullets during the Liberation of France. The restoration of the mosaics was entrusted to Marseille artist Michel Patrizio, whose workmen were trained in Friuli, north of Venice, Italy. The tiles were supplied by the workshop in Venice which had made the originals.
History
The rocky outcrop upon which the basilica would be built is an Urgonian limestone peak dating from the Barremian and rising to a height of 162 metres. Due to its height and proximity to the coast, the hill became an important stronghold and lookout point, as well as a landmark for sailing. In 1302 Charles II of Anjou ordered one of his ministers to set beacons along the Mediterranean coast of Provence. One of these beacon sites was the hill of Notre-Dame de la Garde.
First chapel
In 1214 maître (master) Pierre, a priest of Marseille, was inspired to build a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary on the hill known as La Garde, which belonged to the abbey of Saint-Victor. The abbot granted him permission to plant vines, cultivate a garden and build a chapel. The chapel, completed four years later, appears in a June 18, 1218 papal bull by Pope Honorius III listing the possessions of the abbey. After maître Pierre died in 1256, Notre-Dame de la Garde became a priory. The prior of the sanctuary was also one of four claustral priors of Saint-Victor.
From the time the chapel was founded, surviving wills show bequests in its favour. Also, sailors who survived shipwrecks gave thanks and deposited ex-votos at Notre-Dame of the Sea in the church of Notre-Dame-du-Mont. Towards the end of the 16th century they began going to Notre-Dame de la Garde instead.
The first chapel was replaced at the beginning of the 15th century by a larger building with a richly equipped chapel dedicated to Saint Gabriel.
Fort and place of worship from the 16th to 18th centuries
Charles II d'Anjou mentioned a guardpost in the 15th century, but the present basilica was built on the foundations of a 16th-century fort erected by Francis I of France to resist the 1536 siege of Marseille by the Emperor Charles V during the Italian War of 1536–38.
Visit of Francis I
On January 3, 1516 Louise of Savoy, the mother of Francis I of France, and his wife, Queen Claude of France, daughter of Louis XII, went to the south of France to meet the young king, right after from his victory at Marignan. On January 7, 1516, they visited the sanctuary. On January 22, 1516, Francis accompanied them to the chapel as well.
The king noted during his visit that Marseille was poorly defended. The need to reinforce its defenses became even more obvious in 1524 after the Constable of Bourbon and emperor Charles V lay siege to the city and almost took it. François I built two forts: one on the island of If, which became the famous Chateau d'If, the other at the top of La Garde, which included the chapel. This is the only known example of a military fort sharing space with a sanctuary open to the public.
The Chateau d'If was finished in 1531, while Notre-Dame de la Garde was not completed until 1536, when it was used to help repel the troops of Charles Quint. It was built using stone from Cap Couronne, as well as materials from buildings outside the ramparts of the demolished city to keep them from providing shelter to enemy troops. Among these was the monastery of the Mineurs brothers where Louis of Toulouse was buried near the and Cours Saint-Louis.
The fort was a triangle with two sides of approximately 75 metres and a third of 35 metres. This rather modest fort remains visible on a spur west of the basilica, which was restored in 1993 to its original state when a 1930 watch tower was removed.
Above the door can be seen a very damaged escutcheon of François I, the arms of France, three fleurs-de-lys with a salamander below. Nearby, to the right, is a rounded stone weathered by time which once represented the lamb of John the Apostle with its banner.
Wars of religion
In 1585 , chief of the Catholic League of Provence, sought to seize Marseille and combine forces with , the second consul of Marseille, and Claude Boniface, captain of the Blanquerie neighborhood. On the night of April 9, 1585, Dariès occupied La Garde, from which his guns could fire on the city. But the attack on Marseille failed, leading to the execution of Dariès and his accomplice, Boniface.
In 1591 Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy, tried to seize the Abbey of Saint Victor, a stronghouse near the port. He charged Pierre Bon, baron de Méolhon, governor of Notre-Dame de la Garde, with seizing the abbey. On November 16, 1591, Méolhon did so but it was quickly retaken by , first consul of Marseille. in 1594. He sent two priests, Trabuc and Cabot, to celebrate mass in the chapel. Trabuc wore armour under his cassock and after the ceremony killed the captain of the fort. Charles de Casaulx took possession of it and named his son Fabio its governor. After the assassination of Charles de Casaulx on February 17, 1596, by , Fabio was driven out of the fort by his own soldiers.
Last royal visit
While in Marseille on November 9, 1622, Louis XIII rode in spite of the rain to Notre-Dame de la Garde. He was received by the governor of the fort, Antoine de Boyer, lord of Bandol. When the latter died on June 29, 1642, Georges de Scudéry, mainly known as a novelist, was named governor, but he did not take up his post until December 1644.
He was accompanied there by his sister, Madeleine de Scudéry, a woman of letters who gave in her letters many descriptions of the area as well as of various festivals and ceremonies. "Last Friday... you could see the citadel covered from head to foot with ten or more flags, the bells of our tower swinging, and an admirable procession returning to the castle. The statue of Notre-Dame de la Garde holding in her left arm the naked child and in her right hand, a bouquet of flowers, was carried by eight shoeless penitents veiled like ghosts."
Georges de Scudéry scorned the fort and preferred to live at , the aristocratic quarter of the time. The stewardship of the fort was entrusted to a mere sergeant, named Nicolas.<ref name=adolphe319>Adolphe Crémieux, ..Marseille et la royauté pendant la minorité de Louis XIV (1643–1660), Librairie Hachette, Paris 1917, 2 volumes, p.319</ref>
In the 1650 Caze affair, the governor of Provence, the Count of Alais, opposed the Parliament of Provence in the Fronde and wanted to put down the revolt in Marseilles. Since La Garde was a desirable strategic position, he bribed Nicolas and on August 1, 1650, installed there one of his men, David Caze. He hoped to support an attack by galleys from Toulon, a city faithful to him. The consuls of Marseille reacted to this threat by forcing David Caze to leave the fort.
18th century
In 1701, the Dukes of Burgundy and of Berry, grandsons of Louis XIV, visited the sanctuary. Sébastien Vauban, who succeeded Louis Nicolas de Clerville, the builder of , studied ways to improve Marseilles' defences. On April 11, 1701, he presented an imposing proposal for a vast enclosure connecting Fort Saint Nicolas to Notre-Dame de la Garde and continuing to the plaine Saint-Michel, currently Place Jean-Jaurès, and the quay d'. This project was not followed through.
During the Great Plague of Marseille, which killed 100,000 people in Marseille in 1720, the bishop Henri de Belsunce went three times on foot to the chapel at the Notre-Dame de la Garde on September 28 December 8, 1720; and August 13, 1721, to bless the inhabitants of the city.
Revolutionary period
Closing of the chapel
On April 30, 1790, the fort was invaded by anti-clerical revolutionaries who crossed the drawbridge on the pretext of attending mass in the chapel, a ruse previously adopted by the ligueurs in 1594. On June 7, 1792, Trinity Sunday, the day's traditionally large procession was disturbed by demonstrations. During the statue's return to the sanctuary, the Virgin was wrapped in a scarf in the revolutionary tricolour and a Phrygian cap, icon of the French Revolution, was placed on the head of the baby Jesus.
On November 23, 1793, the church buildings were closed down and worship ceased. On March 13, 1794, the statue of the Virgin, made in 1661 from silver, was melted down at the mint of Marseille, located at 22 Rue du Tapis-Vert at the former convent of Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy.
A prison for princes
In April 1793, the King's cousin Louis Phillipe, Duke of Orléans was imprisoned in Notre-Dame de la Garde for several weeks, along with two of his sons, the Duke of Montpensier and the Count of Beaujolais, his sister Louise, Duchess of Bourbon, and the Prince of Conti. Despite the lack of amenities in the old apartments of the governor, the prisoners enjoyed the panorama. Each day the Duchess of Bourbon attended mass then went to the fort's terrace and often remained as much as two hours in contemplation. The princess Louise, who painted well, left behind a pencil drawing of Marseille as seen from the Virgin of Notre-Dame de la Garde. The prisoners were then transferred to Fort Saint-Jean.
A providential man: Escaramagne
The last of the objects from the sanctuary were auctioned off on April 10, 1795. The chapel was nationalized and rented to Joseph Escaramagne. A former ship's captain who lived in what is now the current place du Colonel-Edon, Escaramagne had a deep devotion to the Virgin. After worship resumed in some parishes, he wrote in September 1800 to the Minister of War, Lazare Carnot, asking to reopen the sanctuary. But prefect Charles-François Delacroix voiced opposition when the minister consulted him. The chapel finally re-opened for worship on April 4, 1807.
Escaramagne bought at auction an 18th-century statue of the Virgin and child from a monastery of the Picpus Fathers that had been demolished during the Revolution. He offered the statue to the La Garde church. The scepter that the virgin had held was replaced by a bouquet of flowers, hence the statue became known as the "Virgin of the bouquet". To make way for a new silver statue created in 1837, this statue was given to the , then returned in 1979 to the sanctuary. The statue of the Virgin of the bouquet is currently displayed on the altar in the crypt.
Renaissance of the sanctuary
On the day the chapel of Notre-Dame de la Garde was reopened for worship, a procession started from Marseille Cathedral, bringing to the sanctuary the statue that Escaramagne had bought. The traditional procession of the Fête-Dieu (Corpus Christi Day) resumed in 1814. Julie Pellizzone mentions this event in her diary: "On Sunday June 12, 1814, Fête-Dieu, the gunners of the city guard went in the morning with barefoot penitents to get Our Lady of the Guard and to bring her into town, according to the ancient custom. She was greeted by several cannon blasts. Mass was said, then she was brought here, carried by penitents with their hoods covering their faces, a procession such as had not taken place since the Revolution.
Chapel expansions
During this period the fort itself went almost unused while the number of people visiting the chapel increased significantly. This increase was so great that the 150 square meter chapel was extended in 1833 with the addition of a second nave, which increased its area to approximately 250 square meters. The bishop of Marseilles, , consecrated this chapel in 1834.
Distinguished visitors
After escaping a shipwreck while returning from Naples, the Duchess of Berry climbed to the chapel on June 14, 1816, and left a silver statuette as an ex voto – although the statue was melted down a few years later.
Marie Therese of France, daughter of Louis XVI and Duchess of d'Angoulême, climbed to Notre-Dame de la Garde on May 15, 1823, which was a day of strong mistral winds. Despite the wind, the duchess remained on the terrace, struck by the beauty of the view.
In 1838 the Virgin of the Guard had another distinguished visitor: François-René de Chateaubriand.
Pope Francis visited the Notre-Dame de la Garde basilica on September 22, 2023.
Black Madonna and Child
Thanks to various offerings, notably a gift of 3000 francs that the Duchess of Orleans made while travelling through Marseille in May 1823, a new statue of the Virgin was commissioned to replace the one melted down during the French Revolution. In 1829, Marseilles goldsmith Jean-Baptiste Chanuel, an artisan with a workshop in the , began work on this statue based on a model by the sculptor Jean-Pierre Cortot. This very delicate work of hammered gold was finished five years later, in 1834. On July 2, 1837, blessed the statue on the , which was then brought to the top of the hill. It replaced the Virgin of the Bouquet, which was given to the . The Virgin of the Bouquet was later returned to the crypt in 1979. The two statues, the Virgin of the Bouquet and the silver Virgin, thus pre-date the basilica where they are displayed.
New church bell
The rebuilding of the bell tower in 1843 was accompanied by the purchase of not just a new bell but a bourdon commissioned from the Lyons foundery of Gédéon Morel thanks to a special collection among the faithful. It was cast on February 11, 1845 and arrived in Marseille on September 19, 1845. It was placed in Jean-Jaurès square and blessed on Sunday October 5, 1845, by Eugène de Mazenod and baptized "Marie Joséphine". The bell's godfather was , then , and the godmother of the wife of shipping magnate (born Canaple). Their names are engraved on the bell. On October 7, the bell which weighed , was placed on a harnessed carriage of sixteen horses. It descended by Thiers Street, Leon Gambetta Alley, the Rue du Tapis-Vert, the , Canebière, the , and the . Ten horses were added there to the convoy, bringing their number to twenty-six. On October 8, 1845, the ascent of the bell up the hill began with the help of capstans and continued until Friday October 10, when the bell arrived at the summit. The bell was set up on Wednesday October 15. It rang out its first notes on December 8, the day of Immaculate Conception.
On this occasion the poet Joseph Autran composed a poem:
"Sing, vast bell! sing, blessed bell
Spread, spread afloat your powerful harmony;
Pour over the sea, the fields, the mounts;
And especially from this hour when your hymn begins
Ring out into the skies a song of immense joy
For the city that we love!"
Like the statues of the Virgin displayed in the interior of the basilica, the bell came before the construction of the current building.
Construction of the current basilica
Negotiations with the army
On June 22, 1850, Father Jean-Antoine Bernard, who took responsibility for the chapel, asked the Ministry of War to authorise an expansion of the existing building. This request was denied on October 22, 1850, the day he resigned, by Minister of War Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul, for being too vague. He agreed to the expansion in theory but invited a more precise proposal. On April 8, 1851, a more precise request was submitted, calling for the construction of a new and larger church, essentially doubling the area of the existing building. This design would mean that there would no longer be room for military buildings inside the fort. Thanks to the support of General Adolphe Niel, the fortifications committee advocated the proposal on January 7, 1852. Authorization to build a new chapel was given by the Minister of War on February 5, 1852.
Project set-up
On November 1, 1852, Monseigneur Eugene de Mazenod requested offerings from the members of the parish. Studies were requested from various architects. The administration council of the chapel met with Mazenod almost two months later, on December 30. The proposal presented by Leon Vaudoyer, who worked at the Marseille Cathedral, was the only one of Romano-Byzantine style; the others were Neo-Gothic. Each project received five votes, but the vicar's tie-breaking vote went to Vaudoyer, whose project was commissioned. The plans were in fact drawn up by Henri-Jacques Espérandieu, his former pupil who was only twenty-three years old.
On June 23, 1853, Espérandieu was named as architect and developed the project. While he was Protestant, it does not seem that his religion was a major cause of the difficulties he encountered with the committee in charge of the work. The committee decided, without consulting him, not to open up labour for competitive bidding, but to award it directly to Pierre Bérenger (on August 9, 1853), contractor and architect of the Saint-Michel church. He himself had proposed one of the Neo-Gothic plans and was a close relative of Monseigneur Mazenod. The commission also imposed their choice of artists, such as sculptor Joseph-Marius Ramus and the painter Karl Müller of Düsseldorf, without concern for whether their works would fit within the structure. Karl Müller's commission was later rejected, which allowed the architect to direct mosaics as the decor.
Construction
The first stone was laid by the bishop of Marseille, Monseigneur de Mazenod, on September 11, 1853. Work began but financial problems quickly developed because the foundations had to be laid in very hard rock. In 1855, the government authorized a lottery, but this produced less revenue than anticipated. The financial shortfall grew larger when the sanctuary commission decided to enlarge the crypt to run not only under the choir, but to extend under the entire higher vault. In spite of a loan secured by the personal assets of the bishop, building stopped from 1859 to 1861, the year of Mazenod's death. The new bishop, , arrived at the end of August in 1861, and resumed work. The generosity of citizens of all religions and all social positions allowed completion of the work, from the Emperor Napoleon III and the Empress Eugénie, who visited Notre Dame de la Garde on September 9, 1860, to the poorest of Marseillais. The sanctuary was dedicated on Saturday June 4, 1864, by the Cardinal of Villecourt, a member of the Roman curia, in the presence of forty-three other bishops. In 1866, mosaic flooring was laid in the upper church and the square bell tower was finished; the bell was installed in October of the same year.
In 1867, a cylindrical pedestal or belfry was built on the square bell tower to receive the monumental statue of the virgin. The statue was financed by the town of Marseille. Sketches for the statue made by three Parisian artists, Eugène-Louis Lequesne, Aimé Millet and Charles Gumery were examined by a jury of Espérandieu the architect, , mayor of Marseilles, and Philippe-Auguste Jeanron, director of the School of Fine Arts, , sculptor and professor of sculpture and Luce, president of the Civil Court and administrator of the sanctuary. The committee selected the proposal of Lequesne.
For reasons of cost and weight, copper was chosen as the medium for the statue. A very new method for the time was adopted to realize of the statue: galvanoplasty, a type of electroplating, or "the art of moulding without the help of fire" was chosen over hammered copper. A scientific report of November 19, 1866, said that electrotype copper allowed an "irreproachable reproduction" and a solidity that left nothing to be desired. Only Eugène Viollet-le-Duc thought that the galvanoplasty technique would not long resist the atmospheric pollution in Marseilles.
Espérandieu had the statue made in four sections because of the difficulty of getting it up the hill and to the top of the bell tower. He inserted into the center of the sculpture an iron arrow, the core of a spiral staircase to the Virgin's head, to be used for maintenance and sight-seeing. This metal structure, used to support the statue, made it possible to assemble the whole by connecting it to the body of the tower. The execution of the statue, entrusted to the workshops of , was finished in August 1869.
The first elements were assembled on May 17, 1870, and the statue was dedicated on September 24, 1870, but without fanfare, since defeat by the Prussian army dampened all spirits. The statue was gilded, which required gold, and regilding in 1897, 1936, 1963 and 1989.
In March 1871 Gaston Crémieux formed the revolutionary Commune of Marseille. Helped by followers of Giuseppe Garibaldi, the rebels seized the Prefecture of the Rhone delta and took the prefect captive. On March 26, 1871, General retreated to Aubagne, but undertook to retake the city beginning on April 3. The rebels who took refuge in the prefecture took fire from the batteries installed in and in Notre-Dame de la Garde. They capitulated on April 4 and said that the Virgin had changed her name and should from then on be called "Notre-Dame of bombardment"
Following the death of Espérandieu on September 11, 1874, Henri Révoil was charged with finishing the interior of the basilica, in particular the mosaics. The construction of the major crypt and installation of the mosaics in the choir was carried out in 1882. Unfortunately a fire on June 5, 1884, destroyed the altar and the mosaic in the choir; moreover the statue of the Virgin was damaged. The statue and the mosaics were restored and the altar was rebuilt according to the drawings of Révoil. On April 26, 1886, cardinal Charles Lavigerie consecrated the new crypt. In 1886, walnut stalls were built in the choir; the last mosaics in the side vaults were finished between 1887 and 1892. In 1897, the two bronze doors of the upper church and the mosaic above them were installed and the statue of the Virgin was regilded for the first time. Final completion of the basilica thus took place more than forty years after the first stone was laid.
Funicular
In 1892 a funicular was built to reduce the effort of scaling the hill; it became known as the ascenseur or elevator. The base was at the lower end of . The upper station led directly onto a footpath to the terrace beneath the basilica, leaving only a short climb to the level of the crypt at . Construction took two years.
The funicular consisted of two cabins each weighing 13 tons when empty, circulating on parallel cogged tracks. The movement was powered by a "hydraulic balance" system: each cabin, in addition to its two floors capable of holding fifty passengers total, was equipped with a 12 cubic meter tank of water. The cabins were linked by a cable; the tank of the descending cabin was filled with water and that of the ascending cabin emptied. This ballasting started the system moving. The vertical distance between the two stations was .
The water collected at the foot of the apparatus at the end of each trip was brought back to the top with a 25-horsepower pump—true horsepower, because the pump was powered by steam. Travel time was two minutes, but filling the upper tank took more than ten minutes, forcing waits between departures, in spite of often considerable crowds. The last adventure after the ascent was crossing the 100-meter footbridge up the steep slope. Built by Gustave Eiffel, the footbridge was only wide and very exposed to the mistral winds.
On August 15, 1892, the number of visitors exceeded , but the advent of the automobile killed the funicular. On September 11, 1967, at 18:30, the funicular was shut down as unprofitable. It was demolished after having transported 20 million passengers over 75 years.
Liberation of France
On August 24, 1944, General Joseph de Monsabert ordered General Aimé Sudre to take Notre-Dame de la Garde, which was covered in German Army blockhouses. But his orders stipulated "no air raid, no large-scale use of artillery. This legendary rock will have to be attacked by infantrymen supported by armoured tanks". The primary attack was entrusted to Lieutenant Pichavant, who commanded the 1st company of the On August 25, 1944, at 6 am, troops began moving towards the hill, very slowly, because sniping from German riflemen impeded their advance.
One French soldier, Pierre Chaix-Bryan, was familiar with the neighborhood, and knew that at No. 26 Cherchel street, (now ) a hallway ran through the building to a staircase unknown to the Germans. A commemorative plaque marks this spot today. The Algerian riflemen used this staircase and arrived under the command of Roger Audibert at the Cherchel plateau. Other soldiers took the staircases up the Notre-Dame slope from the boulevard of the same name. The attackers on the northern face came under fire from the blockhouses then were also attacked from the rear by the guns of . The support of the tanks was essential.
In the early afternoon the tanks of the 2nd regiment of cuirassiers of the 1 D.B also attacked from Boulevard Gazzino, now , and from the church slope. The tank Jeanne d' Arc was hit full force and stopped at the place du Colonel Edon, its three occupants killed. The tank can still be seen today. A second tank, the Jourdan, hit a mine but was protected by a rocky overhang, and so could continue shooting. This had a decisive effect not known until later: the German non-commissioned specialist in charge of the flame throwers was killed by the Jourdan's fire. Because of this a young, inexperienced German soldier prematurely ignited the flame throwers, which allowed the French to spot the site of the guns.
Around 3:30pm a section of the 1st company of the 7th Algerian riflemen under Roger Audibert, joined by Ripoll, took the hill by storm. They were greeted by Monseigneur Borel, who had taken refuge in the crypt. The French flag was hoisted atop the bell tower, although the position was still shelled from the Angelus and from Fort Saint Nicolas, until they too were retaken. In the evening the German officer who had commanded the German troops at Notre-Dame de la Garde returned. He was wounded and died two days later. The liberation of Marseille took place on the morning of August 28, 1944.
Architecture
The exterior of the building features layered stonework in contrasting colours: white Calissane limestone alternates with green sandstone from Golfolina near Florence. Marble and pictorial mosaics in various colours decorate the upper church. A double staircase leads to a drawbridge, granting access to the crypt and, via another set of stairs, to the church's main entrance.
Crypt
The entrance hall under the bell tower features marble statues of Bishop Eugène de Mazenod and Pope Pius IX, both carved by Joseph-Marius Ramus. Staircases on both sides of the entrance lead to the church above.
The Romanesque crypt is composed of a nave with low barrel vaults, bordered by six side chapels corresponding exactly to those of the upper church. Unlike the upper church, the crypt is dim and somber. The side chapels contain plaques with the names of various donors. The side altars are devoted to saints Philomena, Andrew, Rose, Henry, Louis and Benedict Labre.
The main altar was built of Golfolina stone with columns of Spanish marble. Behind the altar is a statue of the Madonna holding a bouquet, the Vierge au Bouquet. Joseph-Elie Escaramagne obtained this statue for the original chapel in 1804. At first the Madonna held a sceptre, but due to the sceptre's poor condition, it was replaced by flowers. Two staircases flanking the main altar lead to the sacristy buildings and the choir above, but they are off-limits to the public.
Bell tower
At a height of , the square bell tower above the entrance porch has two identical storeys of five blind arches, of which the central arch has a window and a small balcony. This is surmounted by a belfry, with each face composed of a three-light window divided by red granite mullions, behind which are abat-sons. The belfry is covered by a square terrace, which is enclosed by a stone balustrade bearing the arms of the city on each side and an angel with a trumpet at each corner. These four statues were carved by Eugène-Louis Lequesne.
From the square terrace a cylindrical bell tower rises to a height of . It is made of sixteen red granite columns, supporting a tall statue of the Virgin Mary. A staircase within the bell tower leads to the terrace and to the statue, but is off-limits to the general public.
At the base of the tower, bronze doors by Henri Révoil grant access to the church. The central door panels bear the monogram of the Virgin placed within a circle of pearls resembling the rosary. The tympanum above the main entrance is decorated with a mosaic of the Assumption of the Virgin, patterned after a painting by .
Upper church
The nave's interior is 32.7 m long and 14 m wide. Each side chapel measures 3.8 m by 5.4 m. The interior is decorated with of mosaics as well as alternating red and white marble columns and pilasters. Espérandieu wanted a subtle red that would harmonise with the mosaics and not clash too much with the whiteness of the Carrara marble. Jules Cantini, the marble worker, discovered such a red marble with yellow and white veins in the commune of La Celle near Brignoles, Var. For parts higher up, plaster—i.e. reconstituted marble—was used.
The mosaics were created between 1886 and 1892 by the Mora company from Nimes. The tesserae came from Venice and were manufactured by craftsmen at the height of their art. Each panel comprises nearly ten thousand tesserae per square metre, which means that the basilica contains approximately 12 million small squares of 1 to . The floors are covered with approximately of Roman mosaics with geometric patterns.
Nave
The aisles of the nave are divided into three equal parts, each with a central window that illuminates a side chapel. The external pilasters and arches are composed of alternating green and white stones and voussoirs. Basement windows at ground level allow some daylight into the crypt's underground chapels. Since the nave is higher than the side chapels, a clerestory with two-light windows illuminates the domes of the nave, although these windows are not visible form the terrace.
The nave is topped by three cupolas decorated on the inside with similar mosaics: on a field of flowers, doves form a circle around a central floret. The colours of the flowers differ for each cupola: white for the southeastern one, blue for the middle and red for the northwestern cupola. Medallions on the pendentives depict scenes from the Old Testament:
The mosaics of the northwestern cupola depict a grapevine, a thorned lily, an olive branch with silver leaves and a date palm.
Transept
The transept is oriented east to west and lit by two paired windows, each with a rose window above. Above the crossing of the transept is an octagonal tholobate supporting a dome of nine meters in diameter, composed of thirty-two ribs and crowned by a cross. Each outward face of the octagon contains a window flanked by two red granite columns and topped by a triangular pediment. The semicircular apse is adorned with five blind arches on the outside, each flanked by two red granite columns. The sacristy buildings that were added later hide part of the apse.
The inside of the dome is decorated with a mosaic of four angels on a field of gold. The angels hold up a wreath of roses which they offer to the Virgin Mary, represented by her monogram in the middle of the composition. The pendentives at the base of the dome contain representations of the Four Evangelists: Mark symbolized by a lion, Luke by a bull, John by an eagle and Matthew by a man.
The tympanum above the apse depicts the Annunciation of Mary: the archangel Gabriel on the right announces the birth of Jesus to Mary on the left.
Choir
The white marble altar was designed by Henri Révoil and constructed by Jules Cantini between 1882 and 1886. The base of the altar is formed by five gilded bronze arches resting on colonettes of lapis lazuli. The silver-gilt tabernacle is framed by two columns and two mosaics of doves drinking from a chalice.
Behind the altar, a red marble column topped by a gilded capital supports a statue of Mary, made of hammered silver by the goldsmith Chanuel of Marseille.
The mosaic of the apse's semi-dome depicts a ship in its central medallion. The ship's sail features the monogram of Mary, while a star in the sky shows an intertwined A and M, which stands for Ave Maria. This medallion is surrounded by rinceaux and thirty two birds, including peacocks, parrots, hoopoes, bluethroats, herons, and goldfinches.
The band beneath the semi-dome is decorated with nine medallions, which represent several titles of Mary from the Litany of Loreto: Foederis Arca, Speculum Iustitiae, Sedes Sapientiae, Turris Davidica, Rosa Mystica, Turris Eburnea, Domus Aurea, Vas Spirituale, Ianua Coeli.
Side chapels
The aisles on either side of the nave house a total of six side chapels. Henri Révoil designed and Jules Cantini constructed the altars; Cantini also created the statue of Peter and made it a gift to the sanctuary. Each altar tomb features the coat of arms of its respective saint. The ceiling of each chapel is decorated with a mosaic, depicting the name and arms of the financer on one side and a symbol of the saint on the other.
Long and meticulous restoration: 2001–2008
By 2001 the interior facades had severely aged. Also, the cathedral's mosaics had been badly restored after the war. After four years of preparatory studies, a major restoration project was launched in 2001 under the direction of the architect Xavier David. The work lasted until 2008, financed by local government agencies and by donations from private individuals and businesses.
External restoration
Although the majority of the stones used proved very resistant over time, this did not hold true for the green stone, a beautiful hard stone which degrades very quickly when exposed to industrial and domestic pollution, especially coal smoke, and was found to be corroded to a depth of 3 to 5 cm. As the original quarry near Florence had been closed for a long time, a new source was sought. A quarry in a vineyard close to Chianti supplied 150 cubic metres of Golfolina. The defective stone was replaced by stone treated to resist pollution. Moreover, rusting metal reinforcements had split some of the stone. Two sets of reinforcements posed a serious problem: those that girdle the top of the bell tower to reinforce against the swinging of the bell, and those around the upper part of the bell tower that supports the monumental statue. Some of the reinforcements were treated with cathodic protection, and others replaced with stainless steel.
Interior restoration
Interior work was even more important. Some water-damaged stuccos in higher areas had to be redone. Mosaic panels damaged by bullets or shells had earlier been repaired with a poor and rushed technique: missing tiles had been replaced by plaster covered with paint. Moreover, all the mosaics were blackened by candle smoke. Mosaics which threatened to fall apart needed to be consolidated with resin injections. The most damaged part was in the central cupola of the nave, where all the gold mosaics needed to be replaced.
The restoration of the mosaics was entrusted to Marseille artist Michel Patrizio, whose workmen were trained in traditional mosaic skills at the school of Spilimbergo in Friuli, north of Venice. The mosaic tiles were supplied by the Orsoni Venezia 1888 workshop in Venice which had made the originals.
In the arts
Writers
Many writers have described the famous basilica, for example:
Valery Larbaud: "She who governs the roads of the sea, Who shines above the waves and the sun, The giantess standing behind the blue hours, high gold inhabitant of a long white country, Christian Pallas of the Gauls.
Paul Arene: "Here the true good mother, the only one, who rules in a gold coat stiff with pearls and rubies, under the dome of Notre-Dame de la Garde, a cupola of hard lapis lazuli encrusted with diamonds for stars, condescended to be angry with me.
Chateaubriand: "I hastened to go up to Notre-Dame de la Garde, to admire the sea bordered with the ruins the laughing coasts of all the famous countries of Antiquity.
Marie Mauron: "It is she whom one sees from the sea, first and last on her summit of light hemmed of blue, dominating its Greek Provence which knows or does not know any more that it is it, but the remainder. Who would miss, believer or not, climbing up to the Good mother?
Michel Mohrt: "And there high on the mountain, the good Virgin, the good mother, looked out this crowd, presided over the traffic in the false identity cards, at the open-air black market behind the Stock Exchange, with all the attacks, all the denunciations, all the rapes, the Good mother of the Garde who takes care on the sailors who are ashore, – as for those who are at sea, let them sort themselves out! "
André Suarès: "Notre Dame of the Guard is a mast: it oscillates on its skittle. It will take its flight, the basilica, with the virgin who serves as its crest. Thus the basilica perched on the hill of the guard, and the gilded copper statue which they hoisted on the basilica. There, once more, this style which wants to be Roman and Byzantine, without ever succeeding in being a style: neither the force of the Roman, nor the science of the Byzantine."
Painters of the Basilica
Many painters have depicted Marseille's port with Notre-Dame's basilica in the background. Paul Signac, who helped to develop pointillism, produced a painting in 1905 that is now shown in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Albert Marquet produced three works. The first was a drawing executed in ink in 1916, shown at Musee National d'Art Moderne in Paris. The second is an oil on canvas painted in 1916 entitled "The horse at Marseille". This painting, now at the Museum of Fine Arts in Bordeaux, shows a horse on the port quay with the hill of Notre-Dame de la Garde in the background. The third, shown at the Annonciade museum at Saint-Tropez, is called "The Port of Marseille in fog"; the basilica emerges from a misty landscape where the purification of form indicates distance.This painting shows this painter did not always represent the port of Marseilles from the front, moving his easel to the riverbank side, sometimes close to the town hall, to represent the hill of Notre-Dame de la Garde.
Charles Camoin painted two canvases in 1904 featuring Notre-Dame de la Garde: "The Old Port with Barrels", at the Gelsenkirchen museum, and "The Old Port and Notre-Dame de la Garde" shown at the Fine Art museum of Le Havre. This museum also possesses a painting by Raoul Dufy done in 1908, entitled "The Port of Marseille". In 1920, made a pastel drawing "Notre-Dame de la Garde Seen from the Town Hall"; this work is in the Petit Palais museum in Geneva. Louis-Mathieu Verdilhan, about 1920 "The Canal from Fort St. John"; the silhouette of Notre-Dame de la Garde is at the rear of the painting with a boat in the foreground. This painting is at the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris.
M.C. Escher produced a wood engraving of the city, entitled Marseille, in 1936.
Bonne Mère
The people of Marseille regard the Notre-Dame basilica as the guardian and protectoress of the city, hence its nickname Bonne Mère ("Good Mother"), which is also a nickname of Mary, mother of Jesus.
Ex-votos
A Mediterranean-style religiosity is expressed here with numerous votive candles and ex-votos offered to the Virgin to thank her for spiritual or temporal favours and to proclaim and recall the grace received.
One of the oldest documents about this practice is a deed of August 11, 1425, in which a certain Jean Aymar paid five guilders for wax images offered in gratitude to the Virgin. During his travels in the south of France at the beginning of the 19th century, Aubin-Louis Millin de Grandmaison was struck by the number of ex-voto at Notre-Dame de la Garde: "The path that leads to the oratory is stiff and difficult. The chapel is small and narrow, but decorated everywhere with tributes from pious mariners: on the ceiling small vessels are suspended with their rigs and have their name registered on the stern; they represent those that the mother of Christ has saved from cruel shipwreck or from the fury of pirates and corsairs". The ceiling of the upper church still features many scale models of recently restored boats and planes.
The walls of the side vaults of the two sanctuaries, the crypt and upper church, are covered with a first level of marble slabs. The upper walls of these side vaults are occupied by painted ex-votos hung in several rows above; the most recent are on the walls of the terraces of the basilica. Most of these ex-votos date only from the second half of the 19th century; earlier ones disappeared during the Revolution. Most depict shipwrecks and storms, but there are also very different scenes: fire, car and railway accidents, bedridden patients, and political and social events. The events of May 68 were the inspiration for one drawing; an Olympique de Marseille flag recalls that the players of the club mounted a pilgrimage to the basilica after a victory.
Symbol of Marseille
Visible from the motorways of Marseille and from the train station, the gare Saint-Charles, Notre Dame de la Garde is the city's most well-known symbol. It is the most-visited site in Marseille, and receives hundreds of visitors every day, a number of pilgrims remarkable for a site that with no association with a saint, vision or miracle, nor for that matter with a famous person. For Cardinal Etchegaray, former bishop of Marseille, the Virgin of the Garde "does not merely form part of the landscape like the Chateau d'If or the Old Port, it is the living heart of Marseille, its central artery more than the Canebière. It is not the exclusive property of Catholics; it belongs to the human family that teems in Marseille." Notre-Dame de la Garde remains the heart of the diocese of Marseille, even more so than the cathedral. It was here that Bishop Jean Delay on August 30, 1944, hoped that deep reforms would bring to the poorest more humane and more just living and working conditions. It was also here that Etchegaray compared, in May 1978, the ravages of unemployment to those of the plague of Marseille of 1720.
A museum opened on the site on June 18, 2013, retracing the building's eight-century history. It was officially inaugurated July 11, 2013, with civil and military authorities participating. As with prior renovations, a fundraising appeal received generous support from the public, in addition to gifts from public agencies.
The logo of the popular French soap opera Plus belle la vie, set in Marseille, depicts Notre-Dame de la Garde.
The Marseille-based company Compagnie Maritime d'Expertises used a model of the church for a maritime test launch in 2017 where the symbol was sent to near-space in 20 km altitude.
Tourism
Notre-Dame de la Garde receives around a million and half visitors each year, many just for the view. Pilgrims come for various reasons, some writing them down in a guestbook. One in particular sums up these reasons: "I came here first for the peace and comfort one finds at the feet of the Blessed Virgin, then for the feast for the eyes that the basilica offers, for the panorama, the pure air and the space, for the feeling of freedom."
Gallery
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Arnaud Ramière de Fortanier, Illustration du vieux Marseille, ed. Aubanel, Avignon, 1978,
Félix Reynaud, Ex-voto de Notre-Dame de la Garde. La vie quotidienne. édition La Thune, Marseille, 2000,
Félix Reynaud, Ex-voto marins de Notre-Dame de la Garde''. édition La Thune, Marseille, 1996,
External links
Official website
Notre-Dame de la Garde – Marseille Tourism
Bells of Notre-Dame de la Garde
6th arrondissement of Marseille
Roman Catholic churches in Marseille
Byzantine Revival architecture in France
Basilica churches in France
Tourist attractions in Marseille
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France
Church buildings with domes
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1864
Pilgrimage churches |
```yaml
# UTF-8
# YAML #
# name
name:
# other_names ...
# YAML
# other_names: {"":"", "":"", "":"Tom"}
#
other_names:
# sex M/F /
sex: M
# birth 4 N/A
birth: 1900
# death 4 N/A
death: 1970
# desc YAML
# desc
desc: |
# links YAML list
#
#
links:
``` |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTORS_H_
#define V8_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTORS_H_
#include <memory>
#include "src/globals.h"
#include "src/isolate.h"
#include "src/machine-type.h"
#include "src/register-arch.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
#define INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LIST(V) \
V(Abort) \
V(Allocate) \
V(AllocateHeapNumber) \
V(ApiCallback) \
V(ApiGetter) \
V(ArgumentsAdaptor) \
V(ArrayConstructor) \
V(ArrayNArgumentsConstructor) \
V(ArrayNoArgumentConstructor) \
V(ArraySingleArgumentConstructor) \
V(AsyncFunctionStackParameter) \
V(BigIntToI64) \
V(I64ToBigInt) \
V(BinaryOp) \
V(CallForwardVarargs) \
V(CallFunctionTemplate) \
V(CallTrampoline) \
V(CallVarargs) \
V(CallWithArrayLike) \
V(CallWithSpread) \
V(CEntry1ArgvOnStack) \
V(CloneObjectWithVector) \
V(Compare) \
V(ConstructForwardVarargs) \
V(ConstructStub) \
V(ConstructVarargs) \
V(ConstructWithArrayLike) \
V(ConstructWithSpread) \
V(ContextOnly) \
V(CppBuiltinAdaptor) \
V(EphemeronKeyBarrier) \
V(FastNewFunctionContext) \
V(FastNewObject) \
V(FrameDropperTrampoline) \
V(GetProperty) \
V(GrowArrayElements) \
V(InterpreterCEntry1) \
V(InterpreterCEntry2) \
V(InterpreterDispatch) \
V(InterpreterPushArgsThenCall) \
V(InterpreterPushArgsThenConstruct) \
V(JSTrampoline) \
V(Load) \
V(LoadGlobal) \
V(LoadGlobalWithVector) \
V(LoadWithVector) \
V(NewArgumentsElements) \
V(NoContext) \
V(RecordWrite) \
V(ResumeGenerator) \
V(RunMicrotasksEntry) \
V(RunMicrotasks) \
V(Store) \
V(StoreGlobal) \
V(StoreGlobalWithVector) \
V(StoreTransition) \
V(StoreWithVector) \
V(StringAt) \
V(StringSubstring) \
V(TypeConversion) \
V(TypeConversionStackParameter) \
V(Typeof) \
V(Void) \
V(WasmAtomicNotify) \
V(WasmI32AtomicWait) \
V(WasmI64AtomicWait) \
V(WasmMemoryGrow) \
V(WasmTableGet) \
V(WasmTableSet) \
V(WasmThrow) \
BUILTIN_LIST_TFS(V)
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE CallInterfaceDescriptorData {
public:
enum Flag {
kNoFlags = 0u,
kNoContext = 1u << 0,
// This indicates that the code uses a special frame that does not scan the
// stack arguments, e.g. EntryFrame. And this allows the code to use
// untagged stack arguments.
kNoStackScan = 1u << 1,
};
typedef base::Flags<Flag> Flags;
CallInterfaceDescriptorData() = default;
// A copy of the passed in registers and param_representations is made
// and owned by the CallInterfaceDescriptorData.
void InitializePlatformSpecific(int register_parameter_count,
const Register* registers);
// if machine_types is null, then an array of size
// (return_count + parameter_count) will be created with
// MachineType::AnyTagged() for each member.
//
// if machine_types is not null, then it should be of the size
// (return_count + parameter_count). Those members of the parameter array will
// be initialized from {machine_types}, and the rest initialized to
// MachineType::AnyTagged().
void InitializePlatformIndependent(Flags flags, int return_count,
int parameter_count,
const MachineType* machine_types,
int machine_types_length);
void Reset();
bool IsInitialized() const {
return IsInitializedPlatformSpecific() &&
IsInitializedPlatformIndependent();
}
Flags flags() const { return flags_; }
int return_count() const { return return_count_; }
int param_count() const { return param_count_; }
int register_param_count() const { return register_param_count_; }
Register register_param(int index) const { return register_params_[index]; }
Register* register_params() const { return register_params_; }
MachineType return_type(int index) const {
DCHECK_LT(index, return_count_);
return machine_types_[index];
}
MachineType param_type(int index) const {
DCHECK_LT(index, param_count_);
return machine_types_[return_count_ + index];
}
void RestrictAllocatableRegisters(const Register* registers, int num) {
DCHECK_EQ(allocatable_registers_, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
allocatable_registers_ |= registers[i].bit();
}
DCHECK_GT(NumRegs(allocatable_registers_), 0);
}
RegList allocatable_registers() const { return allocatable_registers_; }
private:
bool IsInitializedPlatformSpecific() const {
const bool initialized =
(register_param_count_ == 0 && register_params_ == nullptr) ||
(register_param_count_ > 0 && register_params_ != nullptr);
// Platform-specific initialization happens before platform-independent.
return initialized;
}
bool IsInitializedPlatformIndependent() const {
const bool initialized =
return_count_ >= 0 && param_count_ >= 0 && machine_types_ != nullptr;
// Platform-specific initialization happens before platform-independent.
return initialized;
}
#ifdef DEBUG
bool AllStackParametersAreTagged() const;
#endif // DEBUG
int register_param_count_ = -1;
int return_count_ = -1;
int param_count_ = -1;
Flags flags_ = kNoFlags;
// Specifying the set of registers that could be used by the register
// allocator. Currently, it's only used by RecordWrite code stub.
RegList allocatable_registers_ = 0;
// |registers_params_| defines registers that are used for parameter passing.
// |machine_types_| defines machine types for resulting values and incomping
// parameters.
// Both arrays are allocated dynamically by the InterfaceDescriptor and
// freed on destruction. This is because static arrays cause creation of
// runtime static initializers which we don't want.
Register* register_params_ = nullptr;
MachineType* machine_types_ = nullptr;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CallInterfaceDescriptorData);
};
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE CallDescriptors : public AllStatic {
public:
enum Key {
#define DEF_ENUM(name, ...) name,
INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LIST(DEF_ENUM)
#undef DEF_ENUM
NUMBER_OF_DESCRIPTORS
};
static void InitializeOncePerProcess();
static void TearDown();
static CallInterfaceDescriptorData* call_descriptor_data(
CallDescriptors::Key key) {
return &call_descriptor_data_[key];
}
static Key GetKey(const CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) {
ptrdiff_t index = data - call_descriptor_data_;
DCHECK_LE(0, index);
DCHECK_LT(index, CallDescriptors::NUMBER_OF_DESCRIPTORS);
return static_cast<CallDescriptors::Key>(index);
}
private:
static CallInterfaceDescriptorData
call_descriptor_data_[NUMBER_OF_DESCRIPTORS];
};
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
typedef CallInterfaceDescriptorData::Flags Flags;
CallInterfaceDescriptor() : data_(nullptr) {}
virtual ~CallInterfaceDescriptor() = default;
explicit CallInterfaceDescriptor(CallDescriptors::Key key)
: data_(CallDescriptors::call_descriptor_data(key)) {}
Flags flags() const { return data()->flags(); }
bool HasContextParameter() const {
return (flags() & CallInterfaceDescriptorData::kNoContext) == 0;
}
int GetReturnCount() const { return data()->return_count(); }
MachineType GetReturnType(int index) const {
DCHECK_LT(index, data()->return_count());
return data()->return_type(index);
}
int GetParameterCount() const { return data()->param_count(); }
int GetRegisterParameterCount() const {
return data()->register_param_count();
}
int GetStackParameterCount() const {
return data()->param_count() - data()->register_param_count();
}
Register GetRegisterParameter(int index) const {
return data()->register_param(index);
}
MachineType GetParameterType(int index) const {
DCHECK_LT(index, data()->param_count());
return data()->param_type(index);
}
RegList allocatable_registers() const {
return data()->allocatable_registers();
}
static const Register ContextRegister();
const char* DebugName() const;
protected:
const CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data() const { return data_; }
virtual void InitializePlatformSpecific(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) {
UNREACHABLE();
}
virtual void InitializePlatformIndependent(
CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) {
// Default descriptor configuration: one result, all parameters are passed
// in registers and all parameters have MachineType::AnyTagged() type.
data->InitializePlatformIndependent(CallInterfaceDescriptorData::kNoFlags,
1, data->register_param_count(),
nullptr, 0);
}
// Initializes |data| using the platform dependent default set of registers.
// It is intended to be used for TurboFan stubs when particular set of
// registers does not matter.
static void DefaultInitializePlatformSpecific(
CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data, int register_parameter_count);
// Initializes |data| using the platform dependent default set of registers
// for JavaScript-compatible calling convention.
// It is intended to be used for TurboFan stubs being called with JavaScript
// linkage + additional parameters on registers and stack.
static void JSDefaultInitializePlatformSpecific(
CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data, int non_js_register_parameter_count);
// Checks if float parameters are not assigned invalid registers.
bool CheckFloatingPointParameters(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) {
for (int i = 0; i < data->register_param_count(); i++) {
if (IsFloatingPoint(data->param_type(i).representation())) {
if (!IsValidFloatParameterRegister(data->register_param(i))) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
bool IsValidFloatParameterRegister(Register reg);
private:
// {CallDescriptors} is allowed to call the private {Initialize} method.
friend class CallDescriptors;
const CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data_;
void Initialize(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) {
// The passed pointer should be a modifiable pointer to our own data.
DCHECK_EQ(data, data_);
DCHECK(!data->IsInitialized());
InitializePlatformSpecific(data);
InitializePlatformIndependent(data);
DCHECK(data->IsInitialized());
DCHECK(CheckFloatingPointParameters(data));
}
};
#define DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR_WITH_BASE(name, base) \
public: \
explicit name() : base(key()) {} \
static inline CallDescriptors::Key key();
#if defined(V8_TARGET_ARCH_IA32)
// To support all possible cases, we must limit the number of register args for
// TFS builtins on ia32 to 3. Out of the 6 allocatable registers, esi is taken
// as the context register and ebx is the root register. One register must
// remain available to store the jump/call target. Thus 3 registers remain for
// arguments. The reason this applies to TFS builtins specifically is because
// this becomes relevant for builtins used as targets of Torque function
// pointers (which must have a register available to store the target).
// TODO(jgruber): Ideally we should just decrement kMaxBuiltinRegisterParams but
// that comes with its own set of complications. It's possible, but requires
// refactoring the calling convention of other existing stubs.
constexpr int kMaxBuiltinRegisterParams = 4;
constexpr int kMaxTFSBuiltinRegisterParams = 3;
#else
constexpr int kMaxBuiltinRegisterParams = 5;
constexpr int kMaxTFSBuiltinRegisterParams = kMaxBuiltinRegisterParams;
#endif
STATIC_ASSERT(kMaxTFSBuiltinRegisterParams <= kMaxBuiltinRegisterParams);
#define DECLARE_DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR(name, base) \
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR_WITH_BASE(name, base) \
protected: \
static const int kRegisterParams = \
kParameterCount > kMaxTFSBuiltinRegisterParams \
? kMaxTFSBuiltinRegisterParams \
: kParameterCount; \
static const int kStackParams = kParameterCount - kRegisterParams; \
void InitializePlatformSpecific(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) \
override { \
DefaultInitializePlatformSpecific(data, kRegisterParams); \
} \
void InitializePlatformIndependent(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) \
override { \
data->InitializePlatformIndependent(Flags(kDescriptorFlags), kReturnCount, \
kParameterCount, nullptr, 0); \
} \
name(CallDescriptors::Key key) : base(key) {} \
\
public:
#define DECLARE_JS_COMPATIBLE_DESCRIPTOR(name, base, \
non_js_reg_parameters_count) \
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR_WITH_BASE(name, base) \
protected: \
void InitializePlatformSpecific(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) \
override { \
JSDefaultInitializePlatformSpecific(data, non_js_reg_parameters_count); \
} \
name(CallDescriptors::Key key) : base(key) {} \
\
public:
#define DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS(return_count, ...) \
static constexpr int kDescriptorFlags = \
CallInterfaceDescriptorData::kNoFlags; \
static constexpr int kReturnCount = return_count; \
enum ParameterIndices { \
__dummy = -1, /* to be able to pass zero arguments */ \
##__VA_ARGS__, \
\
kParameterCount, \
kContext = kParameterCount /* implicit parameter */ \
};
#define DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(return_count, ...) \
static constexpr int kDescriptorFlags = \
CallInterfaceDescriptorData::kNoContext; \
static constexpr int kReturnCount = return_count; \
enum ParameterIndices { \
__dummy = -1, /* to be able to pass zero arguments */ \
##__VA_ARGS__, \
\
kParameterCount \
};
// This is valid only for builtins that use EntryFrame, which does not scan
// stack arguments on GC.
#define DEFINE_PARAMETERS_ENTRY(...) \
static constexpr int kDescriptorFlags = \
CallInterfaceDescriptorData::kNoContext | \
CallInterfaceDescriptorData::kNoStackScan; \
static constexpr int kReturnCount = 1; \
enum ParameterIndices { \
__dummy = -1, /* to be able to pass zero arguments */ \
##__VA_ARGS__, \
\
kParameterCount \
};
#define DEFINE_PARAMETERS(...) DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS(1, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(...) \
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(1, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(...) \
void InitializePlatformIndependent(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) \
override { \
MachineType machine_types[] = {__VA_ARGS__}; \
static_assert( \
kReturnCount + kParameterCount == arraysize(machine_types), \
"Parameter names definition is not consistent with parameter types"); \
data->InitializePlatformIndependent(Flags(kDescriptorFlags), kReturnCount, \
kParameterCount, machine_types, \
arraysize(machine_types)); \
}
#define DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(...) \
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged() /* result */, \
##__VA_ARGS__)
#define DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(...) \
static constexpr int kDescriptorFlags = \
CallInterfaceDescriptorData::kNoFlags; \
static constexpr int kReturnCount = 1; \
enum ParameterIndices { \
kTarget, \
kNewTarget, \
kActualArgumentsCount, \
##__VA_ARGS__, \
\
kParameterCount, \
kContext = kParameterCount /* implicit parameter */ \
};
#define DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(...) \
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), /* kTarget */ \
MachineType::AnyTagged(), /* kNewTarget */ \
MachineType::Int32(), /* kActualArgumentsCount */ \
##__VA_ARGS__)
#define DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(name, base) \
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR_WITH_BASE(name, base) \
protected: \
void InitializePlatformSpecific(CallInterfaceDescriptorData* data) override; \
name(CallDescriptors::Key key) : base(key) {} \
\
public:
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE VoidDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS()
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES()
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(VoidDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
// Dummy descriptor used to mark builtins that don't yet have their proper
// descriptor associated.
typedef VoidDescriptor DummyDescriptor;
// Dummy descriptor that marks builtins with C calling convention.
typedef VoidDescriptor CCallDescriptor;
class AllocateDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kRequestedSize)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::TaggedPointer(), // result 1
MachineType::IntPtr()) // kRequestedSize
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(AllocateDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
// This descriptor defines the JavaScript calling convention that can be used
// by stubs: target, new.target, argc (not including the receiver) and context
// are passed in registers while receiver and the rest of the JS arguments are
// passed on the stack.
class JSTrampolineDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS()
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES()
DECLARE_JS_COMPATIBLE_DESCRIPTOR(JSTrampolineDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor, 0)
};
class ContextOnlyDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS()
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES()
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ContextOnlyDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class NoContextDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT()
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES()
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(NoContextDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
// LoadDescriptor is used by all stubs that implement Load/KeyedLoad ICs.
class LoadDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kReceiver, kName, kSlot)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kReceiver
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::TaggedSigned()) // kSlot
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(LoadDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register ReceiverRegister();
static const Register NameRegister();
static const Register SlotRegister();
};
class LoadGlobalDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kName, kSlot)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::TaggedSigned()) // kSlot
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(LoadGlobalDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register NameRegister() {
return LoadDescriptor::NameRegister();
}
static const Register SlotRegister() {
return LoadDescriptor::SlotRegister();
}
};
class StoreDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kReceiver, kName, kValue, kSlot)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kReceiver
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kValue
MachineType::TaggedSigned()) // kSlot
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(StoreDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register ReceiverRegister();
static const Register NameRegister();
static const Register ValueRegister();
static const Register SlotRegister();
#if V8_TARGET_ARCH_IA32
static const bool kPassLastArgsOnStack = true;
#else
static const bool kPassLastArgsOnStack = false;
#endif
// Pass value and slot through the stack.
static const int kStackArgumentsCount = kPassLastArgsOnStack ? 2 : 0;
};
class StoreTransitionDescriptor : public StoreDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kReceiver, kName, kMap, kValue, kSlot, kVector)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kReceiver
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kMap
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kValue
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kSlot
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kVector
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(StoreTransitionDescriptor, StoreDescriptor)
static const Register MapRegister();
static const Register SlotRegister();
static const Register VectorRegister();
// Pass value, slot and vector through the stack.
static const int kStackArgumentsCount = kPassLastArgsOnStack ? 3 : 0;
};
class StoreWithVectorDescriptor : public StoreDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kReceiver, kName, kValue, kSlot, kVector)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kReceiver
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kValue
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kSlot
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kVector
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(StoreWithVectorDescriptor, StoreDescriptor)
static const Register VectorRegister();
// Pass value, slot and vector through the stack.
static const int kStackArgumentsCount = kPassLastArgsOnStack ? 3 : 0;
};
class StoreGlobalDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kName, kValue, kSlot)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kValue
MachineType::TaggedSigned()) // kSlot
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(StoreGlobalDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const bool kPassLastArgsOnStack =
StoreDescriptor::kPassLastArgsOnStack;
// Pass value and slot through the stack.
static const int kStackArgumentsCount = kPassLastArgsOnStack ? 2 : 0;
static const Register NameRegister() {
return StoreDescriptor::NameRegister();
}
static const Register ValueRegister() {
return StoreDescriptor::ValueRegister();
}
static const Register SlotRegister() {
return StoreDescriptor::SlotRegister();
}
};
class StoreGlobalWithVectorDescriptor : public StoreGlobalDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kName, kValue, kSlot, kVector)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kValue
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kSlot
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kVector
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(StoreGlobalWithVectorDescriptor, StoreGlobalDescriptor)
static const Register VectorRegister() {
return StoreWithVectorDescriptor::VectorRegister();
}
// Pass value, slot and vector through the stack.
static const int kStackArgumentsCount = kPassLastArgsOnStack ? 3 : 0;
};
class LoadWithVectorDescriptor : public LoadDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kReceiver, kName, kSlot, kVector)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kReceiver
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kSlot
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kVector
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(LoadWithVectorDescriptor, LoadDescriptor)
static const Register VectorRegister();
#if V8_TARGET_ARCH_IA32
static const bool kPassLastArgsOnStack = true;
#else
static const bool kPassLastArgsOnStack = false;
#endif
// Pass vector through the stack.
static const int kStackArgumentsCount = kPassLastArgsOnStack ? 1 : 0;
};
class LoadGlobalWithVectorDescriptor : public LoadGlobalDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kName, kSlot, kVector)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kName
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kSlot
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kVector
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(LoadGlobalWithVectorDescriptor, LoadGlobalDescriptor)
#if V8_TARGET_ARCH_IA32
// On ia32, LoadWithVectorDescriptor passes vector on the stack and thus we
// need to choose a new register here.
static const Register VectorRegister() { return edx; }
#else
static const Register VectorRegister() {
return LoadWithVectorDescriptor::VectorRegister();
}
#endif
};
class FastNewFunctionContextDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kScopeInfo, kSlots)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kScopeInfo
MachineType::Int32()) // kSlots
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(FastNewFunctionContextDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register ScopeInfoRegister();
static const Register SlotsRegister();
};
class FastNewObjectDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kTarget, kNewTarget)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kTarget
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kNewTarget
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(FastNewObjectDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register TargetRegister();
static const Register NewTargetRegister();
};
class RecordWriteDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kObject, kSlot, kRememberedSet, kFPMode)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::TaggedPointer(), // kObject
MachineType::Pointer(), // kSlot
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kRememberedSet
MachineType::TaggedSigned()) // kFPMode
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(RecordWriteDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class EphemeronKeyBarrierDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kObject, kSlotAddress, kFPMode)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::TaggedPointer(), // kObject
MachineType::Pointer(), // kSlotAddress
MachineType::TaggedSigned()) // kFPMode
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(EphemeronKeyBarrierDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class TypeConversionDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kArgument)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(TypeConversionDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register ArgumentRegister();
};
class TypeConversionStackParameterDescriptor final
: public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kArgument)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(TypeConversionStackParameterDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class AsyncFunctionStackParameterDescriptor final
: public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kPromise, kResult)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::TaggedPointer(), MachineType::AnyTagged())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(AsyncFunctionStackParameterDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class GetPropertyDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kObject, kKey)
DECLARE_DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR(GetPropertyDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class TypeofDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kObject)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(TypeofDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CallTrampolineDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kFunction, kActualArgumentsCount)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kFunction
MachineType::Int32()) // kActualArgumentsCount
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CallTrampolineDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CallVarargsDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kTarget, kActualArgumentsCount, kArgumentsLength,
kArgumentsList)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kTarget
MachineType::Int32(), // kActualArgumentsCount
MachineType::Int32(), // kArgumentsLength
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kArgumentsList
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CallVarargsDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CallForwardVarargsDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kTarget, kActualArgumentsCount, kStartIndex)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kTarget
MachineType::Int32(), // kActualArgumentsCount
MachineType::Int32()) // kStartIndex
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CallForwardVarargsDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CallFunctionTemplateDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kFunctionTemplateInfo, kArgumentsCount)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kFunctionTemplateInfo
MachineType::IntPtr()) // kArgumentsCount
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CallFunctionTemplateDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CallWithSpreadDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kTarget, kArgumentsCount, kSpread)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kTarget
MachineType::Int32(), // kArgumentsCount
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kSpread
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CallWithSpreadDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CallWithArrayLikeDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kTarget, kArgumentsList)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kTarget
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kArgumentsList
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CallWithArrayLikeDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ConstructVarargsDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(kArgumentsLength, kArgumentsList)
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int32(), // kArgumentsLength
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kArgumentsList
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ConstructVarargsDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ConstructForwardVarargsDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(kStartIndex)
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int32())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ConstructForwardVarargsDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ConstructWithSpreadDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(kSpread)
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ConstructWithSpreadDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ConstructWithArrayLikeDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kTarget, kNewTarget, kArgumentsList)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kTarget
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kNewTarget
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kArgumentsList
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ConstructWithArrayLikeDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
// TODO(ishell): consider merging this with ArrayConstructorDescriptor
class ConstructStubDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
// TODO(jgruber): Remove the unused allocation site parameter.
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(kAllocationSite)
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged())
// TODO(ishell): Use DECLARE_JS_COMPATIBLE_DESCRIPTOR if registers match
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ConstructStubDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class AbortDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kMessageOrMessageId)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(AbortDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class AllocateHeapNumberDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT()
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES()
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(AllocateHeapNumberDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ArrayConstructorDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(kAllocationSite)
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged())
DECLARE_JS_COMPATIBLE_DESCRIPTOR(ArrayConstructorDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor, 1)
};
class ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
// This descriptor declares only register arguments while respective number
// of JS arguments stay on the expression stack.
// The ArrayNArgumentsConstructor builtin does not access stack arguments
// directly it just forwards them to the runtime function.
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kFunction, kAllocationSite, kActualArgumentsCount)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kFunction,
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kAllocationSite
MachineType::Int32()) // kActualArgumentsCount
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ArrayNoArgumentConstructorDescriptor
: public ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor {
public:
// This descriptor declares same register arguments as the parent
// ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor and it declares indices for
// JS arguments passed on the expression stack.
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kFunction, kAllocationSite, kActualArgumentsCount,
kFunctionParameter)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kFunction
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kAllocationSite
MachineType::Int32(), // kActualArgumentsCount
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kFunctionParameter
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ArrayNoArgumentConstructorDescriptor,
ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor)
};
class ArraySingleArgumentConstructorDescriptor
: public ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor {
public:
// This descriptor declares same register arguments as the parent
// ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor and it declares indices for
// JS arguments passed on the expression stack.
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kFunction, kAllocationSite, kActualArgumentsCount,
kFunctionParameter, kArraySizeSmiParameter)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kFunction
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kAllocationSite
MachineType::Int32(), // kActualArgumentsCount
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kFunctionParameter
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kArraySizeSmiParameter
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ArraySingleArgumentConstructorDescriptor,
ArrayNArgumentsConstructorDescriptor)
};
class CompareDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kLeft, kRight)
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CompareDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class BinaryOpDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kLeft, kRight)
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(BinaryOpDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
// This desciptor is shared among String.p.charAt/charCodeAt/codePointAt
// as they all have the same interface.
class StringAtDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kReceiver, kPosition)
// TODO(turbofan): Return untagged value here.
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // result 1
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kReceiver
MachineType::IntPtr()) // kPosition
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(StringAtDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class StringSubstringDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kString, kFrom, kTo)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kString
MachineType::IntPtr(), // kFrom
MachineType::IntPtr()) // kTo
// TODO(turbofan): Allow builtins to return untagged values.
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(StringSubstringDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ArgumentsAdaptorDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(kExpectedArgumentsCount)
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int32())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ArgumentsAdaptorDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CppBuiltinAdaptorDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS(kCFunction)
DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Pointer())
DECLARE_JS_COMPATIBLE_DESCRIPTOR(CppBuiltinAdaptorDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor, 1)
};
class CEntry1ArgvOnStackDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kArity, // register argument
kCFunction, // register argument
kPadding, // stack argument 1 (just padding)
kArgcSmi, // stack argument 2
kTargetCopy, // stack argument 3
kNewTargetCopy) // stack argument 4
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int32(), // kArity
MachineType::Pointer(), // kCFunction
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kPadding
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kArgcSmi
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kTargetCopy
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kNewTargetCopy
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CEntry1ArgvOnStackDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ApiCallbackDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kApiFunctionAddress, kActualArgumentsCount, kCallData,
kHolder)
// receiver is implicit stack argument 1
// argv are implicit stack arguments [2, 2 + kArgc[
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Pointer(), // kApiFunctionAddress
MachineType::IntPtr(), // kActualArgumentsCount
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kCallData
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kHolder
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ApiCallbackDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ApiGetterDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kReceiver, kHolder, kCallback)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kReceiver
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kHolder
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kCallback
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ApiGetterDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register ReceiverRegister();
static const Register HolderRegister();
static const Register CallbackRegister();
};
// TODO(turbofan): We should probably rename this to GrowFastElementsDescriptor.
class GrowArrayElementsDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kObject, kKey)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kObject
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kKey
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(GrowArrayElementsDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static const Register ObjectRegister();
static const Register KeyRegister();
};
class NewArgumentsElementsDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kFrame, kLength, kMappedCount)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Pointer(), // kFrame
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kLength
MachineType::TaggedSigned()) // kMappedCount
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(NewArgumentsElementsDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE InterpreterDispatchDescriptor
: public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kAccumulator, kBytecodeOffset, kBytecodeArray,
kDispatchTable)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kAccumulator
MachineType::IntPtr(), // kBytecodeOffset
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kBytecodeArray
MachineType::IntPtr()) // kDispatchTable
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(InterpreterDispatchDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class InterpreterPushArgsThenCallDescriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kNumberOfArguments, kFirstArgument, kFunction)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int32(), // kNumberOfArguments
MachineType::Pointer(), // kFirstArgument
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kFunction
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(InterpreterPushArgsThenCallDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class InterpreterPushArgsThenConstructDescriptor
: public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kNumberOfArguments, kFirstArgument, kConstructor,
kNewTarget, kFeedbackElement)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int32(), // kNumberOfArguments
MachineType::Pointer(), // kFirstArgument
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kConstructor
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kNewTarget
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kFeedbackElement
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(InterpreterPushArgsThenConstructDescriptor,
CallInterfaceDescriptor)
#if V8_TARGET_ARCH_IA32
static const bool kPassLastArgsOnStack = true;
#else
static const bool kPassLastArgsOnStack = false;
#endif
// Pass constructor, new target and feedback element through the stack.
static const int kStackArgumentsCount = kPassLastArgsOnStack ? 3 : 0;
};
class InterpreterCEntry1Descriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS(1, kNumberOfArguments, kFirstArgument,
kFunctionEntry)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // result 1
MachineType::Int32(), // kNumberOfArguments
MachineType::Pointer(), // kFirstArgument
MachineType::Pointer()) // kFunctionEntry
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(InterpreterCEntry1Descriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class InterpreterCEntry2Descriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS(2, kNumberOfArguments, kFirstArgument,
kFunctionEntry)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // result 1
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // result 2
MachineType::Int32(), // kNumberOfArguments
MachineType::Pointer(), // kFirstArgument
MachineType::Pointer()) // kFunctionEntry
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(InterpreterCEntry2Descriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class ResumeGeneratorDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kValue, kGenerator)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kValue
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kGenerator
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(ResumeGeneratorDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class FrameDropperTrampolineDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kRestartFp)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Pointer())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(FrameDropperTrampolineDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class RunMicrotasksEntryDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_ENTRY(kRootRegisterValue, kMicrotaskQueue)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Pointer(), // kRootRegisterValue
MachineType::Pointer()) // kMicrotaskQueue
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(RunMicrotasksEntryDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class RunMicrotasksDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kMicrotaskQueue)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Pointer())
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(RunMicrotasksDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
static Register MicrotaskQueueRegister();
};
class WasmMemoryGrowDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kNumPages)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int32(), // result 1
MachineType::Int32()) // kNumPages
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(WasmMemoryGrowDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class WasmTableGetDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kTableIndex, kEntryIndex)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // result 1
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kTableIndex
MachineType::Int32()) // kEntryIndex
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(WasmTableGetDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class WasmTableSetDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kTableIndex, kEntryIndex, kValue)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kTableIndex
MachineType::Int32(), // kEntryIndex
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kValue
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(WasmTableSetDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class WasmThrowDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kException)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::AnyTagged(), // result 1
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kException
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(WasmThrowDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class I64ToBigIntDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kArgument)
DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int64()) // kArgument
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(I64ToBigIntDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class BigIntToI64Descriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kArgument)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Int64(), // result 1
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kArgument
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(BigIntToI64Descriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class WasmAtomicNotifyDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kAddress, kCount)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Uint32(), // result 1
MachineType::Uint32(), // kAddress
MachineType::Uint32()) // kCount
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(WasmAtomicNotifyDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class WasmI32AtomicWaitDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kAddress, kExpectedValue, kTimeout)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::Uint32(), // result 1
MachineType::Uint32(), // kAddress
MachineType::Int32(), // kExpectedValue
MachineType::Float64()) // kTimeout
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(WasmI32AtomicWaitDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class WasmI64AtomicWaitDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT(kAddress, kExpectedValueHigh, kExpectedValueLow,
kTimeout)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(
MachineType::Uint32(), // result 1
MachineType::Uint32(), // kAddress
MachineType::Uint32(), // kExpectedValueHigh
MachineType::Uint32(), // kExpectedValueLow
MachineType::Float64()) // kTimeout
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(WasmI64AtomicWaitDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
class CloneObjectWithVectorDescriptor final : public CallInterfaceDescriptor {
public:
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(kSource, kFlags, kSlot, kVector)
DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES(MachineType::TaggedPointer(), // result 1
MachineType::AnyTagged(), // kSource
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kFlags
MachineType::TaggedSigned(), // kSlot
MachineType::AnyTagged()) // kVector
DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR(CloneObjectWithVectorDescriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor)
};
#define DEFINE_TFS_BUILTIN_DESCRIPTOR(Name, ...) \
class Name##Descriptor : public CallInterfaceDescriptor { \
public: \
DEFINE_PARAMETERS(__VA_ARGS__) \
DECLARE_DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR(Name##Descriptor, CallInterfaceDescriptor) \
};
BUILTIN_LIST_TFS(DEFINE_TFS_BUILTIN_DESCRIPTOR)
#undef DEFINE_TFS_BUILTIN_DESCRIPTOR
#undef DECLARE_DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR
#undef DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR_WITH_BASE
#undef DECLARE_DESCRIPTOR
#undef DECLARE_JS_COMPATIBLE_DESCRIPTOR
#undef DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS
#undef DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT
#undef DEFINE_PARAMETERS
#undef DEFINE_PARAMETERS_NO_CONTEXT
#undef DEFINE_RESULT_AND_PARAMETER_TYPES
#undef DEFINE_PARAMETER_TYPES
#undef DEFINE_JS_PARAMETERS
#undef DEFINE_JS_PARAMETER_TYPES
// We define the association between CallDescriptors::Key and the specialized
// descriptor here to reduce boilerplate and mistakes.
#define DEF_KEY(name, ...) \
CallDescriptors::Key name##Descriptor::key() { return CallDescriptors::name; }
INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LIST(DEF_KEY)
#undef DEF_KEY
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
#endif // V8_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTORS_H_
``` |
KB (Kailash Bahl) DAV Senior Secondary Public School is a co-educational secondary school in Chandigarh (Sector 7), India. It is a private school affiliated to India's Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and a member school of the DAV Society, India's largest non-governmental educational body. In Classes 11 and 12, the school offers courses in Science (both medical and Non-medical) and Commerce. English is a compulsory core subject for all students.
The school was started in 1994 with four classrooms and 70 students. As of 2008, it had 60 classrooms and an enrollment of 2000 students. Its facilities include a science block and computer lab, an 8000 book library, and an indoor speed skating rink.
Students and teachers are affiliated to one of four 'houses' – Jasmine, Lotus, Rose and Tulip. House activities include an annual performance involving both students and their teachers at the school's Guru Pratibha Day celebrations.
The school's founder is Madhu Bahl.
See also
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of institutions of higher education in Punjab, India
References
External links
Official website
Official website of the DAV Society
Educational institutions established in 1994
High schools and secondary schools in Chandigarh
Schools affiliated with the Arya Samaj
1994 establishments in Chandigarh |
The Pre New are an English electronic band formed in 2010 in London, England. The group is notable for including former members of both World of Twist and Earl Brutus.
History
The Pre New was initially formed to pay tribute to Nick Sanderson of Earl Brutus and Tony Ogden of World of Twist by headlining the Queens Head Stage at Glastonbury Festival 2010. The Pre New then formed as a unit in their own right and in 2012 released their debut album Music for People Who Hate Themselves. Later that year, the band performed at Shoreditch's The 1-2-3-4 Festival while their track "I, Rockstar" was included in the festival's accompanying compilation of tracks by underground and "inspirational international" artists.
In 2013, the group released a remix album titled Music for Homeowners - which featured mixes by Mogwai, Public Service Broadcasting, Saint Etienne and other special guests - whilst they toured the UK. During the making of this album, the band held a remix contest for the track "Cathedral City Comedown" which was won by Netherman, a songwriter from Ohio, USA.
In May 2015, the band released their second studio album The Male Eunuch on CD, vinyl, download and as a downloadable PowerPoint file. A limited edition box set was also made available containing all four formats along with a signed art print and "unique Pre New memorabilia". The group promoted the album by playing a handful of shows around the UK (including a few supporting The Fall and Saint Etienne) and appearing on Marc Riley's show for BBC6 Music where they performed three tracks from the album.
The Male Eunuch received widespread critical acclaim from the music press with The Guardian making it their 'Album of the Week'. Following the album's release, a video for the track "Janet vs John" (taken from the PowerPoint version of the album) was released via YouTube.
Musical style
Perhaps due to the presence of Stuart Boreman, Gordon King and Jamie Fry, the group's sound bares some similarities to Earl Brutus however, contributions from the group's more recent members (namely Stuart Wheldon Vinny Gibson and Laurence Bray) ensure that The Pre New have a sound that remains contemporary. The group's music references glam rock, acid house, EBM, synthpop, punk rock and nu-disco as well as visual artists including Jeff Koons (from whom the band gets its name) and Jeremy Deller.
Discography
Studio albums
Music for People Who Hate Themselves (2012)
Music for Homeowners (2013)
The Male Eunuch (2015)
References
English electronic music groups
Musical groups from London
2010 establishments in England
Musical groups established in 2010 |
Painting Churches is a play written by Tina Howe, first produced Off-Broadway in 1983. It was a finalist for the 1982 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The play concerns the relationship between an artist daughter and her aging parents.
Background
The play grew from Howe's particular and enduring experience of art. Howe said: "Now... I'm enthralled with the French Impressionists." One theme of the play is an artist's coming of age. Howe: "How does a child get his parents to accept him not as a child, but as an artist?... There is an odyssey every child has to face in order to find his legs in his own household... The play is also about the departure of a vanishing breed..."
Plot
In a townhouse in the Beacon Hill area of Boston, an elderly couple, Fanny (in her 60s) and Gardner (in his 70s) Church, are packing. They are moving to a beach home on Cape Cod. Gardner is a poet and Fanny is from a "fine old family." Their daughter Margaret (Mags), an artist who lives in New York, has arrived to help them pack and paint their portrait. Over the course of several days, Mags sees her role in the parent-child relationship changing. Gardner is having memory problems and has become frail, and in his frustration, recites the poetry of William Butler Yeats and Robert Frost, among others. Mags finishes the portrait of her parents, in the style of Renoir. Her parents are able to see her talent, and enjoy being in a "Renoir" party as they dance a waltz.
Production history
Painting Churches, produced by Second Stage Theatre, premiered Off-Broadway on February 8, 1983 (previewing from January 25, 1983) at the South Street Theatre, closing on February 27, after 30 performances. The play transferred to the Lamb's Theatre where it ran from November 22, 1983 through May 20, 1984, playing 206 performances.
The production was directed by Carole Rothman, set design by Heidi Landesman, costumes by Linda Fisher, and lighting by Frances Aronson. The show featured Donald Moffat as Gardner Church (at South Street Theatre) and George Martin in the same role (at Lamb's Theatre), Frances Conroy as Margaret Church (at South Street Theatre) and then Elizabeth McGovern (in the same role) (at Lamb's Theatre), and Marian Seldes as Fanny Church (in both productions).
The play was revived Off-Broadway by the Keen Company at Clurman Theatre in 2012, starring Kathleen Chalfant (Fanny), John Cunningham (Gardner) and Kate Turnbull (Mags).
The play was filmed for the public television series American Playhouse and broadcast in 1986. The cast featured Sada Thompson, Donald Moffat, and Roxanne Hart. It was remade for television in 1993 by Turner Entertainment as The Portrait, starring Gregory Peck, Lauren Bacall, and Cecilia Peck.
In regional theatre, the play was presented at the Hartman Theatre, Stamford, Connecticut in June 1986, starring Kim Hunter, George Hamlin and Lizbeth Mackay.
Critical response
Frank Rich wrote in his review of the 1983 original production in The New York Times: " 'Painting Churches,' which opens the Second Stage's season at its temporary new home on Theater Row, is in the dreamiest impressionistic spirit. It remakes reality with delicate, well-chosen brush strokes, finding beauty and truth in the abstract dance of light on a familiar landscape... It's a high compliment to Miss Howe... that the old bones of her material rarely peek through her writing's high, lacy gloss."
The Variety reviewer wrote of the 2012 revival: "Howe has written poignant solo moments for each of her fondly observed characters... 'Painting Churches' is still a stunner, a group portrait painted in a soft, impressionistic style. But the shimmering lights of this visual poem have been dimmed in this too-too production — too solid, too specific, too literal, too loud, and too bright."
The reviewer for the Los Angeles Times wrote of the television film that there were "knockout performances by Sada Thompson and Donald Moffat". He praised the production: "Then there is the captivating rhythm established by writer Tina Howe and director Jack O'Brien, who skillfully wend their way in and out of various moods without signaling where they're going next."
Alvin Klein, reviewing the 1986 Hartman Theatre production for The New York Times wrote: "As the curtain falls...Fanny and Gardner Church, an elderly couple, begin a life-affirming waltz... the playwright's lyric and literate words and genuine feeling have peered through a pedestian production."
Awards and nominations
Obie Award 1983
Performance - Donald Moffat (winner)
Design - Heidi Landesman (winner)
Outer Critics Circle Award 1984
Best Off-Broadway Play (winner)
Best Actress - Marian Seldes (winner)
John Glassner Award - Tina Howe (winner)
1984 Pulitzer Prize for Drama (finalist)
References
Google books, "Painting Churches", Published by Samuel French, Inc., 1984
External links
Lortel Archives, Internet Off-Broadway Database listing, "Painting Churches", McGinn-Cazale Theatre
Lortel Archives, Internet Off-Broadway Database listing, "Painting Churches", Lamb's Theatre
Internet Movie Database listing for telefilm, 1986
1983 plays
Plays by Tina Howe
Off-Broadway plays
Boston in fiction
Plays set in Massachusetts |
The Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania (WCST) is an independent, membership and non-profit making organization founded in 1988 in Tanzania. Its main objective is to assist the government in conserving flora, fauna and the environment within Tanzania.
See also
Uluguru bushshrike
External links
WCST Official Website
Nature conservation in Tanzania
Wildlife conservation organizations
Animal welfare organisations based in Tanzania
Bird conservation organizations
Environmental organizations established in 1988
1988 establishments in Tanzania |
Friedrich of Germany or Frederick of Germany may refer to:
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (1122–1190), or Frederick I Barbarossa, king of Germany
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, (1194–1250), king of Jerusalem and Sicily
Frederick the Fair (1289–1330), or Frederick I of Austria and Frederick III of Germany
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (1415–1493), king of Germany
Frederick III, German Emperor, (1831–1888), German emperor, king of Prussia |
```kotlin
package ktx.artemis
import com.artemis.Component
import com.artemis.EntityTransmuter
import com.artemis.EntityTransmuterFactory
/**
* Adds a [Component] to an [EntityTransmuterFactory].
*
* @receiver the [EntityTransmuterFactory] for creating an [EntityTransmuter].
* @param T the component to add when transmuting an entity.
* @return the [EntityTransmuterFactory].
*/
inline fun <reified T : Component> EntityTransmuterFactory.add(): EntityTransmuterFactory = add(T::class.java)
/**
* Removes a [Component] from an [EntityTransmuterFactory].
*
* @receiver the [EntityTransmuterFactory] for creating an [EntityTransmuter].
* @param T the component to remove when transmuting an entity.
* @return the [EntityTransmuterFactory].
*/
inline fun <reified T : Component> EntityTransmuterFactory.remove(): EntityTransmuterFactory = remove(T::class.java)
``` |
The House of Sixty Fathers is a 1956 children's novel by Meindert DeJong. Illustrations were provided by Maurice Sendak. The novel was based on the author's own experiences as a military flier in China during the second world war.
The book won the Josette Frank Award (then named the Children's Book Award of the Child Study Association) in 1956. It was also named a Newbery Honor Book, won the Hans Christian Andersen Award, and was named an ALA Notable Children's Book — all in 1957.
Plot summary
The story is set during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Japan has invaded China, and the Japanese attack the village where young Tien Pao and his family live. The family flees upriver in an abandoned sampan to the town of Hengyang. While the boy's parents go to a nearby American airfield to seek work with his younger sister, Tien Pao spends the day taking care of the sampan as well as three ducklings and the family pig, named Glory of the Republic. During a rainstorm, while Tien Pao is asleep, the sampan breaks loose from its moorings. Tien Pao is swept down the river. After a night in the raging waters, the storm abates, and Tien Pao finds himself floating in the area where his village used to be. He releases the ducklings in the river and heads for higher ground with his pig. He must travel over high mountains and through dangerous Japanese occupied territory to reach Hengyang.
As he journeys home, Tien Pao begins to starve and suffer from exhaustion. He witnesses terrifying scenes of violence. Once, he sees a plane strafe a Japanese military convoy, only to be shot down over the forest. Sitting on a big rock, Tien Pao watches the entire skirmish. He later comes upon the injured American pilot (whom he had met before during his stay at Hengyang river) and helps the man return to his unit. The American pilot is a member of the Flying Tigers, and the sixty men in the unit become the "sixty fathers" who care for Tien Pao. Tien Pao exhibits a strong will to continue to try to find his parents, an incredibly difficult task; with the help of the American pilot he finds an airfield similar to the one his parents once worked on. The pilot only wishes to show Tien Pao an airfield but Tien Pao finds his mother and is at last reunited with his family.
Awards
The novel won the annual Child Study Association of America's Children's Book Award for novels that realistically portray contemporary issues. It was also a Newbery Honor winner for 1957. Meindert DeJong was awarded the Hans Christian Andersen Award for his literary works, including The House of Sixty Fathers, in 1960.
References
1956 American novels
1956 children's books
American children's novels
Newbery Honor-winning works
Novels set in China
Novels set during World War II
Novels by Meindert DeJong
Books illustrated by Maurice Sendak
Harper & Brothers books
Children's books set in China
Children's books set during World War II |
Pseudophilautus singu is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae, endemic to southwestern Sri Lanka. It is known from the
Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya, Kitulgala, and Kottawa Forest Reserves and from the Sinharaja World Heritage Site. The specific name singu is Sinhalese for "horn" and refers to the horn-like tubercles on the upper eyelids of this frog. Common name Sri Lanka short-horned shrub frog has been coined for it.
Description
Four adult males in the type series measure in snout–vent length; females were not reported. The upper eyelid has a prominent tubercle. The snout is obtusely pointed in dorsal view and rounded laterally. The tympanum is distinct and oval; the supra-tympanic fold is distinct. The finger tips have discs with circum-marginal grooves; there is no webbing nor dermal fringes. The toes are webbed and bear discs with circum-marginal grooves. There are scattered tubercles in the head, back, and the flanks; skin on the throat, chest, belly, and ventral sides of thighs is granular. The head and body are dorsally and laterally brown. The inter-orbital area is dark brown, and there is a W-like marking on the middle of the dorsum. The tympanic region is blackish brown. The upper half of the tympanum is dark brown and its lower half is pale yellowish light brown. The lower flanks are yellow with brown pigment. The limbs have three dark-brown crossbars. The lower parts are dark brown with pale yellow patches.
Habitat and conservation
Pseudophilautus singu occurs in lowland and mid-elevation rainforests at above sea level. Males have been found perched in vegetation some above the ground. The eggs are laid in a depression in the soil; the eggs are later covered by the female. Development is direct, without free-living tadpole stage.
Pseudophilautus singu has a patchy distribution but is common where it is found, except in Kanneliya where only a few specimens were found. It is considered to be a forest-dependent species. Forest reserves are at risk from encroachment by tea growers, and the associated use of biocides and fertilizers represent an additional threat to this species.
References
singu
Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
Frogs of Sri Lanka
Taxa named by Rohan Pethiyagoda
Amphibians described in 2009 |
The spoilage of meat occurs, if the meat is untreated, in a matter of hours or days and results in the meat becoming unappetizing, poisonous, or infectious. Spoilage is caused by the practically unavoidable infection and subsequent decomposition of meat by bacteria and fungi, which are borne by the animal itself, by the people handling the meat, and by their implements. Meat can be kept edible for a much longer time – though not indefinitely – if proper hygiene is observed during production and processing, and if appropriate food safety, food preservation and food storage procedures are applied.
Infection
The organisms spoiling meat may infect the animal either while still alive ("endogenous disease") or may contaminate the meat after its slaughter ("exogenous
disease"). There are numerous diseases that humans may contract from endogenously infected meat, such as anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, trichinosis or taeniasis.
Infected meat, however, should be eliminated through systematic meat inspection in production, and consequently, consumers will more often encounter meat exogenously spoiled by bacteria or fungi after the death of the animal. One source of infectious organisms is bacteraemia, the presence of bacteria in the blood of slaughtered animals. The large intestine of animals contains some 3.3×1013 viable bacteria, which may infect the flesh after death if the carcass is improperly dressed. Contamination can also occur at the slaughterhouse through the use of improperly cleaned slaughter or dressing implements, such as powered knives, on which bacteria persist. A captive bolt pistol's bolt alone may carry about 400,000 bacteria per square centimeter. After slaughter, care must be taken not to infect the meat through contact with any of the various sources of infection in the abattoir, notably the hides and soil adhering to them, water used for washing and cleaning, the dressing implements and the slaughterhouse personnel.
Bacterial genera commonly infecting meat while it is being processed, cut, packaged, transported, sold and handled include Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.,
E. coli, B. proteus, S. epidermidis and Staph. aureus, Cl. welchii, B. cereus and faecal streptococci. These bacteria are all commonly carried by humans; infectious bacteria from the soil include Cl. botulinum. Among the molds commonly infecting meat are Penicillium, Mucor, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Sporotrichium and Thamnidium.
As these microorganisms colonize a piece of meat, they begin to break it down, leaving behind toxins that can cause enteritis or food poisoning, potentially lethal in the rare case of botulism. The microorganisms do not survive a thorough cooking of the meat, but several of their toxins and microbial spores do. The microbes may also infect the person eating the meat, although against this the microflora of the human gut is normally an effective barrier.
Testing
The presence of infectious agents can be detected with a number of tests during the production and processing of meat, but testing by itself is not sufficient to ensure adequate food safety. The industry-standard Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system provides for a comprehensive quality management framework as a part of which such tests can be conducted. Testing methods applied include phage and serological typing, direct epifluorescence filter techniques (DEFT) and plasmid profiling.
Symptoms
Microbial spoilage
Depending on oxygen availability, meat spoilage by micro-organisms can manifest itself as follows:
Notes
References
Food preservation
Food storage |
Scandalous may refer to:
Scandal, scandalous being the adjectival form for scandal
Songs
"Scandalous" (Mis-Teeq song), a 2003 song by Mis-Teeq
"Scandalous!", a Prince song which was the love theme to the 1989 film Batman
"Scandalous", a song by Gryffin from the album Alive, 2022
"Scandalous", a song by The Click from the album Game Related
Albums
Scandalous (album), a 1983 music album by British group Imagination
Scandalous: The All Star Compilation, a 2002 compilation album
Others
Scandalous (film), a 1984 comedy film starring Robert Hays
Scandalous: The Life and Trials of Aimee Semple McPherson, a 2012 Broadway musical about Aimee Semple McPherson
Scandalous (novel), 2010 novel by Martel Maxwell
See also
Scandal (disambiguation)
Ms Scandalous (born 1985), British female rap/pop musician
Scandal'us, Australian band, a Popstars winner |
```objective-c
// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler. DO NOT EDIT!
// source: caffe2/proto/prof_dag.proto
#ifndef PROTOBUF_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto__INCLUDED
#define PROTOBUF_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto__INCLUDED
#include <string>
#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3005000
#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
#error your headers.
#endif
#if 3005000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
#endif
#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h> // IWYU pragma: export
#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h> // IWYU pragma: export
#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
namespace protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto {
// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
struct CAFFE2_API TableStruct {
static const ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseTableField entries[];
static const ::google::protobuf::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[];
static const ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseTable schema[4];
static const ::google::protobuf::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
static const ::google::protobuf::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
static const ::google::protobuf::uint32 offsets[];
};
void CAFFE2_API AddDescriptors();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsTwoNumberStatsProtoImpl();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsTwoNumberStatsProto();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsBlobProfileImpl();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsBlobProfile();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsProfDAGProtoImpl();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsProfDAGProto();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsProfDAGProtosImpl();
void CAFFE2_API InitDefaultsProfDAGProtos();
inline void CAFFE2_API InitDefaults() {
InitDefaultsTwoNumberStatsProto();
InitDefaultsBlobProfile();
InitDefaultsProfDAGProto();
InitDefaultsProfDAGProtos();
}
} // namespace protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto
namespace caffe2 { const ::std::string& GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
class BlobProfile;
class BlobProfileDefaultTypeInternal;
CAFFE2_API extern BlobProfileDefaultTypeInternal _BlobProfile_default_instance_;
class ProfDAGProto;
class ProfDAGProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
CAFFE2_API extern ProfDAGProtoDefaultTypeInternal _ProfDAGProto_default_instance_;
class ProfDAGProtos;
class ProfDAGProtosDefaultTypeInternal;
CAFFE2_API extern ProfDAGProtosDefaultTypeInternal _ProfDAGProtos_default_instance_;
class TwoNumberStatsProto;
class TwoNumberStatsProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
CAFFE2_API extern TwoNumberStatsProtoDefaultTypeInternal _TwoNumberStatsProto_default_instance_;
} // namespace caffe2
namespace caffe2 {
// ===================================================================
class CAFFE2_API TwoNumberStatsProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto) */ {
public:
TwoNumberStatsProto();
virtual ~TwoNumberStatsProto();
TwoNumberStatsProto(const TwoNumberStatsProto& from);
inline TwoNumberStatsProto& operator=(const TwoNumberStatsProto& from) {
CopyFrom(from);
return *this;
}
#if LANG_CXX11
TwoNumberStatsProto(TwoNumberStatsProto&& from) noexcept
: TwoNumberStatsProto() {
*this = ::std::move(from);
}
inline TwoNumberStatsProto& operator=(TwoNumberStatsProto&& from) noexcept {
if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
} else {
CopyFrom(from);
}
return *this;
}
#endif
inline const ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
}
static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
static const TwoNumberStatsProto& default_instance();
static void InitAsDefaultInstance(); // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
static inline const TwoNumberStatsProto* internal_default_instance() {
return reinterpret_cast<const TwoNumberStatsProto*>(
&_TwoNumberStatsProto_default_instance_);
}
static int const kIndexInFileMessages =
0;
void Swap(TwoNumberStatsProto* other);
friend void swap(TwoNumberStatsProto& a, TwoNumberStatsProto& b) {
a.Swap(&b);
}
// implements Message ----------------------------------------------
inline TwoNumberStatsProto* New() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return New(NULL); }
TwoNumberStatsProto* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const TwoNumberStatsProto& from);
void MergeFrom(const TwoNumberStatsProto& from);
void Clear() PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool IsInitialized() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
size_t ByteSizeLong() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
::google::protobuf::uint8* InternalSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
bool deterministic, ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
int GetCachedSize() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return _cached_size_; }
private:
void SharedCtor();
void SharedDtor();
void SetCachedSize(int size) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void InternalSwap(TwoNumberStatsProto* other);
private:
inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
return NULL;
}
inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
return NULL;
}
public:
::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
// nested types ----------------------------------------------------
// accessors -------------------------------------------------------
// optional float mean = 1;
bool has_mean() const;
void clear_mean();
static const int kMeanFieldNumber = 1;
float mean() const;
void set_mean(float value);
// optional float stddev = 2;
bool has_stddev() const;
void clear_stddev();
static const int kStddevFieldNumber = 2;
float stddev() const;
void set_stddev(float value);
// optional int64 count = 3;
bool has_count() const;
void clear_count();
static const int kCountFieldNumber = 3;
::google::protobuf::int64 count() const;
void set_count(::google::protobuf::int64 value);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto)
private:
void set_has_mean();
void clear_has_mean();
void set_has_stddev();
void clear_has_stddev();
void set_has_count();
void clear_has_count();
::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
mutable int _cached_size_;
float mean_;
float stddev_;
::google::protobuf::int64 count_;
friend struct ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::TableStruct;
friend void ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::InitDefaultsTwoNumberStatsProtoImpl();
};
// your_sha256_hash---
class CAFFE2_API BlobProfile : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:caffe2.BlobProfile) */ {
public:
BlobProfile();
virtual ~BlobProfile();
BlobProfile(const BlobProfile& from);
inline BlobProfile& operator=(const BlobProfile& from) {
CopyFrom(from);
return *this;
}
#if LANG_CXX11
BlobProfile(BlobProfile&& from) noexcept
: BlobProfile() {
*this = ::std::move(from);
}
inline BlobProfile& operator=(BlobProfile&& from) noexcept {
if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
} else {
CopyFrom(from);
}
return *this;
}
#endif
inline const ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
}
static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
static const BlobProfile& default_instance();
static void InitAsDefaultInstance(); // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
static inline const BlobProfile* internal_default_instance() {
return reinterpret_cast<const BlobProfile*>(
&_BlobProfile_default_instance_);
}
static int const kIndexInFileMessages =
1;
void Swap(BlobProfile* other);
friend void swap(BlobProfile& a, BlobProfile& b) {
a.Swap(&b);
}
// implements Message ----------------------------------------------
inline BlobProfile* New() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return New(NULL); }
BlobProfile* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const BlobProfile& from);
void MergeFrom(const BlobProfile& from);
void Clear() PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool IsInitialized() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
size_t ByteSizeLong() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
::google::protobuf::uint8* InternalSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
bool deterministic, ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
int GetCachedSize() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return _cached_size_; }
private:
void SharedCtor();
void SharedDtor();
void SetCachedSize(int size) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void InternalSwap(BlobProfile* other);
private:
inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
return NULL;
}
inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
return NULL;
}
public:
::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
// nested types ----------------------------------------------------
// accessors -------------------------------------------------------
// optional string name = 1;
bool has_name() const;
void clear_name();
static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
const ::std::string& name() const;
void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
#if LANG_CXX11
void set_name(::std::string&& value);
#endif
void set_name(const char* value);
void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
::std::string* mutable_name();
::std::string* release_name();
void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
// optional .caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto bytes_used = 3;
bool has_bytes_used() const;
void clear_bytes_used();
static const int kBytesUsedFieldNumber = 3;
const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto& bytes_used() const;
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* release_bytes_used();
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* mutable_bytes_used();
void set_allocated_bytes_used(::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* bytes_used);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:caffe2.BlobProfile)
private:
void set_has_name();
void clear_has_name();
void set_has_bytes_used();
void clear_has_bytes_used();
::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
mutable int _cached_size_;
::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* bytes_used_;
friend struct ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::TableStruct;
friend void ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::InitDefaultsBlobProfileImpl();
};
// your_sha256_hash---
class CAFFE2_API ProfDAGProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:caffe2.ProfDAGProto) */ {
public:
ProfDAGProto();
virtual ~ProfDAGProto();
ProfDAGProto(const ProfDAGProto& from);
inline ProfDAGProto& operator=(const ProfDAGProto& from) {
CopyFrom(from);
return *this;
}
#if LANG_CXX11
ProfDAGProto(ProfDAGProto&& from) noexcept
: ProfDAGProto() {
*this = ::std::move(from);
}
inline ProfDAGProto& operator=(ProfDAGProto&& from) noexcept {
if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
} else {
CopyFrom(from);
}
return *this;
}
#endif
inline const ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
}
static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
static const ProfDAGProto& default_instance();
static void InitAsDefaultInstance(); // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
static inline const ProfDAGProto* internal_default_instance() {
return reinterpret_cast<const ProfDAGProto*>(
&_ProfDAGProto_default_instance_);
}
static int const kIndexInFileMessages =
2;
void Swap(ProfDAGProto* other);
friend void swap(ProfDAGProto& a, ProfDAGProto& b) {
a.Swap(&b);
}
// implements Message ----------------------------------------------
inline ProfDAGProto* New() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return New(NULL); }
ProfDAGProto* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const ProfDAGProto& from);
void MergeFrom(const ProfDAGProto& from);
void Clear() PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool IsInitialized() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
size_t ByteSizeLong() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
::google::protobuf::uint8* InternalSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
bool deterministic, ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
int GetCachedSize() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return _cached_size_; }
private:
void SharedCtor();
void SharedDtor();
void SetCachedSize(int size) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void InternalSwap(ProfDAGProto* other);
private:
inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
return NULL;
}
inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
return NULL;
}
public:
::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
// nested types ----------------------------------------------------
// accessors -------------------------------------------------------
// repeated .caffe2.BlobProfile output_profile = 5;
int output_profile_size() const;
void clear_output_profile();
static const int kOutputProfileFieldNumber = 5;
const ::caffe2::BlobProfile& output_profile(int index) const;
::caffe2::BlobProfile* mutable_output_profile(int index);
::caffe2::BlobProfile* add_output_profile();
::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::BlobProfile >*
mutable_output_profile();
const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::BlobProfile >&
output_profile() const;
// required string name = 1;
bool has_name() const;
void clear_name();
static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
const ::std::string& name() const;
void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
#if LANG_CXX11
void set_name(::std::string&& value);
#endif
void set_name(const char* value);
void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
::std::string* mutable_name();
::std::string* release_name();
void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
// optional .caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto execution_time = 4;
bool has_execution_time() const;
void clear_execution_time();
static const int kExecutionTimeFieldNumber = 4;
const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto& execution_time() const;
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* release_execution_time();
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* mutable_execution_time();
void set_allocated_execution_time(::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* execution_time);
// required float mean = 2;
bool has_mean() const;
void clear_mean();
static const int kMeanFieldNumber = 2;
float mean() const;
void set_mean(float value);
// required float stddev = 3;
bool has_stddev() const;
void clear_stddev();
static const int kStddevFieldNumber = 3;
float stddev() const;
void set_stddev(float value);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:caffe2.ProfDAGProto)
private:
void set_has_name();
void clear_has_name();
void set_has_mean();
void clear_has_mean();
void set_has_stddev();
void clear_has_stddev();
void set_has_execution_time();
void clear_has_execution_time();
// helper for ByteSizeLong()
size_t RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;
::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
mutable int _cached_size_;
::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::BlobProfile > output_profile_;
::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* execution_time_;
float mean_;
float stddev_;
friend struct ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::TableStruct;
friend void ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::InitDefaultsProfDAGProtoImpl();
};
// your_sha256_hash---
class CAFFE2_API ProfDAGProtos : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos) */ {
public:
ProfDAGProtos();
virtual ~ProfDAGProtos();
ProfDAGProtos(const ProfDAGProtos& from);
inline ProfDAGProtos& operator=(const ProfDAGProtos& from) {
CopyFrom(from);
return *this;
}
#if LANG_CXX11
ProfDAGProtos(ProfDAGProtos&& from) noexcept
: ProfDAGProtos() {
*this = ::std::move(from);
}
inline ProfDAGProtos& operator=(ProfDAGProtos&& from) noexcept {
if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
} else {
CopyFrom(from);
}
return *this;
}
#endif
inline const ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
}
static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
static const ProfDAGProtos& default_instance();
static void InitAsDefaultInstance(); // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
static inline const ProfDAGProtos* internal_default_instance() {
return reinterpret_cast<const ProfDAGProtos*>(
&_ProfDAGProtos_default_instance_);
}
static int const kIndexInFileMessages =
3;
void Swap(ProfDAGProtos* other);
friend void swap(ProfDAGProtos& a, ProfDAGProtos& b) {
a.Swap(&b);
}
// implements Message ----------------------------------------------
inline ProfDAGProtos* New() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return New(NULL); }
ProfDAGProtos* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void CopyFrom(const ProfDAGProtos& from);
void MergeFrom(const ProfDAGProtos& from);
void Clear() PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool IsInitialized() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
size_t ByteSizeLong() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
::google::protobuf::uint8* InternalSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
bool deterministic, ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
int GetCachedSize() const PROTOBUF_FINAL { return _cached_size_; }
private:
void SharedCtor();
void SharedDtor();
void SetCachedSize(int size) const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
void InternalSwap(ProfDAGProtos* other);
private:
inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
return NULL;
}
inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
return NULL;
}
public:
::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const PROTOBUF_FINAL;
// nested types ----------------------------------------------------
// accessors -------------------------------------------------------
// repeated .caffe2.ProfDAGProto stats = 1;
int stats_size() const;
void clear_stats();
static const int kStatsFieldNumber = 1;
const ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto& stats(int index) const;
::caffe2::ProfDAGProto* mutable_stats(int index);
::caffe2::ProfDAGProto* add_stats();
::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto >*
mutable_stats();
const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto >&
stats() const;
// optional string net_name = 2;
bool has_net_name() const;
void clear_net_name();
static const int kNetNameFieldNumber = 2;
const ::std::string& net_name() const;
void set_net_name(const ::std::string& value);
#if LANG_CXX11
void set_net_name(::std::string&& value);
#endif
void set_net_name(const char* value);
void set_net_name(const char* value, size_t size);
::std::string* mutable_net_name();
::std::string* release_net_name();
void set_allocated_net_name(::std::string* net_name);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos)
private:
void set_has_net_name();
void clear_has_net_name();
::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
mutable int _cached_size_;
::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto > stats_;
::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr net_name_;
friend struct ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::TableStruct;
friend void ::protobuf_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto::InitDefaultsProfDAGProtosImpl();
};
// ===================================================================
// ===================================================================
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
#endif // __GNUC__
// TwoNumberStatsProto
// optional float mean = 1;
inline bool TwoNumberStatsProto::has_mean() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::set_has_mean() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::clear_has_mean() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::clear_mean() {
mean_ = 0;
clear_has_mean();
}
inline float TwoNumberStatsProto::mean() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto.mean)
return mean_;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::set_mean(float value) {
set_has_mean();
mean_ = value;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto.mean)
}
// optional float stddev = 2;
inline bool TwoNumberStatsProto::has_stddev() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::set_has_stddev() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::clear_has_stddev() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::clear_stddev() {
stddev_ = 0;
clear_has_stddev();
}
inline float TwoNumberStatsProto::stddev() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto.stddev)
return stddev_;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::set_stddev(float value) {
set_has_stddev();
stddev_ = value;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto.stddev)
}
// optional int64 count = 3;
inline bool TwoNumberStatsProto::has_count() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::set_has_count() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::clear_has_count() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::clear_count() {
count_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
clear_has_count();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::int64 TwoNumberStatsProto::count() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto.count)
return count_;
}
inline void TwoNumberStatsProto::set_count(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
set_has_count();
count_ = value;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto.count)
}
// your_sha256_hash---
// BlobProfile
// optional string name = 1;
inline bool BlobProfile::has_name() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
}
inline void BlobProfile::set_has_name() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
}
inline void BlobProfile::clear_has_name() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
}
inline void BlobProfile::clear_name() {
name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
clear_has_name();
}
inline const ::std::string& BlobProfile::name() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
return name_.GetNoArena();
}
inline void BlobProfile::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
}
#if LANG_CXX11
inline void BlobProfile::set_name(::std::string&& value) {
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(
&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
}
#endif
inline void BlobProfile::set_name(const char* value) {
GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != NULL);
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
}
inline void BlobProfile::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
}
inline ::std::string* BlobProfile::mutable_name() {
set_has_name();
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
return name_.MutableNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
}
inline ::std::string* BlobProfile::release_name() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
clear_has_name();
return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
}
inline void BlobProfile::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
if (name != NULL) {
set_has_name();
} else {
clear_has_name();
}
name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:caffe2.BlobProfile.name)
}
// optional .caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto bytes_used = 3;
inline bool BlobProfile::has_bytes_used() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
}
inline void BlobProfile::set_has_bytes_used() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
}
inline void BlobProfile::clear_has_bytes_used() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
}
inline void BlobProfile::clear_bytes_used() {
if (bytes_used_ != NULL) bytes_used_->Clear();
clear_has_bytes_used();
}
inline const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto& BlobProfile::bytes_used() const {
const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* p = bytes_used_;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.BlobProfile.bytes_used)
return p != NULL ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto*>(
&::caffe2::_TwoNumberStatsProto_default_instance_);
}
inline ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* BlobProfile::release_bytes_used() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:caffe2.BlobProfile.bytes_used)
clear_has_bytes_used();
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* temp = bytes_used_;
bytes_used_ = NULL;
return temp;
}
inline ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* BlobProfile::mutable_bytes_used() {
set_has_bytes_used();
if (bytes_used_ == NULL) {
bytes_used_ = new ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto;
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:caffe2.BlobProfile.bytes_used)
return bytes_used_;
}
inline void BlobProfile::set_allocated_bytes_used(::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* bytes_used) {
::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
if (message_arena == NULL) {
delete bytes_used_;
}
if (bytes_used) {
::google::protobuf::Arena* submessage_arena = NULL;
if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
bytes_used = ::google::protobuf::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
message_arena, bytes_used, submessage_arena);
}
set_has_bytes_used();
} else {
clear_has_bytes_used();
}
bytes_used_ = bytes_used;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:caffe2.BlobProfile.bytes_used)
}
// your_sha256_hash---
// ProfDAGProto
// required string name = 1;
inline bool ProfDAGProto::has_name() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_has_name() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_has_name() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_name() {
name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
clear_has_name();
}
inline const ::std::string& ProfDAGProto::name() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
return name_.GetNoArena();
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
}
#if LANG_CXX11
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_name(::std::string&& value) {
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(
&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
}
#endif
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_name(const char* value) {
GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != NULL);
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
set_has_name();
name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
}
inline ::std::string* ProfDAGProto::mutable_name() {
set_has_name();
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
return name_.MutableNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
}
inline ::std::string* ProfDAGProto::release_name() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
clear_has_name();
return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
if (name != NULL) {
set_has_name();
} else {
clear_has_name();
}
name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.name)
}
// required float mean = 2;
inline bool ProfDAGProto::has_mean() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_has_mean() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_has_mean() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_mean() {
mean_ = 0;
clear_has_mean();
}
inline float ProfDAGProto::mean() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.mean)
return mean_;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_mean(float value) {
set_has_mean();
mean_ = value;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.mean)
}
// required float stddev = 3;
inline bool ProfDAGProto::has_stddev() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_has_stddev() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_has_stddev() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_stddev() {
stddev_ = 0;
clear_has_stddev();
}
inline float ProfDAGProto::stddev() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.stddev)
return stddev_;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_stddev(float value) {
set_has_stddev();
stddev_ = value;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.stddev)
}
// optional .caffe2.TwoNumberStatsProto execution_time = 4;
inline bool ProfDAGProto::has_execution_time() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_has_execution_time() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_has_execution_time() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_execution_time() {
if (execution_time_ != NULL) execution_time_->Clear();
clear_has_execution_time();
}
inline const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto& ProfDAGProto::execution_time() const {
const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* p = execution_time_;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.execution_time)
return p != NULL ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto*>(
&::caffe2::_TwoNumberStatsProto_default_instance_);
}
inline ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* ProfDAGProto::release_execution_time() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.execution_time)
clear_has_execution_time();
::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* temp = execution_time_;
execution_time_ = NULL;
return temp;
}
inline ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* ProfDAGProto::mutable_execution_time() {
set_has_execution_time();
if (execution_time_ == NULL) {
execution_time_ = new ::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto;
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.execution_time)
return execution_time_;
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::set_allocated_execution_time(::caffe2::TwoNumberStatsProto* execution_time) {
::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
if (message_arena == NULL) {
delete execution_time_;
}
if (execution_time) {
::google::protobuf::Arena* submessage_arena = NULL;
if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
execution_time = ::google::protobuf::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
message_arena, execution_time, submessage_arena);
}
set_has_execution_time();
} else {
clear_has_execution_time();
}
execution_time_ = execution_time;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.execution_time)
}
// repeated .caffe2.BlobProfile output_profile = 5;
inline int ProfDAGProto::output_profile_size() const {
return output_profile_.size();
}
inline void ProfDAGProto::clear_output_profile() {
output_profile_.Clear();
}
inline const ::caffe2::BlobProfile& ProfDAGProto::output_profile(int index) const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.output_profile)
return output_profile_.Get(index);
}
inline ::caffe2::BlobProfile* ProfDAGProto::mutable_output_profile(int index) {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.output_profile)
return output_profile_.Mutable(index);
}
inline ::caffe2::BlobProfile* ProfDAGProto::add_output_profile() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.output_profile)
return output_profile_.Add();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::BlobProfile >*
ProfDAGProto::mutable_output_profile() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.output_profile)
return &output_profile_;
}
inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::BlobProfile >&
ProfDAGProto::output_profile() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:caffe2.ProfDAGProto.output_profile)
return output_profile_;
}
// your_sha256_hash---
// ProfDAGProtos
// repeated .caffe2.ProfDAGProto stats = 1;
inline int ProfDAGProtos::stats_size() const {
return stats_.size();
}
inline void ProfDAGProtos::clear_stats() {
stats_.Clear();
}
inline const ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto& ProfDAGProtos::stats(int index) const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.stats)
return stats_.Get(index);
}
inline ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto* ProfDAGProtos::mutable_stats(int index) {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.stats)
return stats_.Mutable(index);
}
inline ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto* ProfDAGProtos::add_stats() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.stats)
return stats_.Add();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto >*
ProfDAGProtos::mutable_stats() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.stats)
return &stats_;
}
inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::caffe2::ProfDAGProto >&
ProfDAGProtos::stats() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.stats)
return stats_;
}
// optional string net_name = 2;
inline bool ProfDAGProtos::has_net_name() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
}
inline void ProfDAGProtos::set_has_net_name() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProtos::clear_has_net_name() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
}
inline void ProfDAGProtos::clear_net_name() {
net_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
clear_has_net_name();
}
inline const ::std::string& ProfDAGProtos::net_name() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
return net_name_.GetNoArena();
}
inline void ProfDAGProtos::set_net_name(const ::std::string& value) {
set_has_net_name();
net_name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
}
#if LANG_CXX11
inline void ProfDAGProtos::set_net_name(::std::string&& value) {
set_has_net_name();
net_name_.SetNoArena(
&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
}
#endif
inline void ProfDAGProtos::set_net_name(const char* value) {
GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != NULL);
set_has_net_name();
net_name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
}
inline void ProfDAGProtos::set_net_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
set_has_net_name();
net_name_.SetNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
}
inline ::std::string* ProfDAGProtos::mutable_net_name() {
set_has_net_name();
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
return net_name_.MutableNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
}
inline ::std::string* ProfDAGProtos::release_net_name() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
clear_has_net_name();
return net_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
}
inline void ProfDAGProtos::set_allocated_net_name(::std::string* net_name) {
if (net_name != NULL) {
set_has_net_name();
} else {
clear_has_net_name();
}
net_name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), net_name);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:caffe2.ProfDAGProtos.net_name)
}
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif // __GNUC__
// your_sha256_hash---
// your_sha256_hash---
// your_sha256_hash---
// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
} // namespace caffe2
// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
#endif // PROTOBUF_caffe2_2fproto_2fprof_5fdag_2eproto__INCLUDED
``` |
```yaml
steps:
- name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker"
args:
[
"build",
"-t",
"${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_train:$COMMIT_SHA",
"-t",
"${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_train:latest",
"${_CODE_PATH}/train",
"-f",
"${_CODE_PATH}/train/Dockerfile",
]
id: "MnistBuildFirstImage"
- name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker"
args:
[
"push",
"${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_train:$COMMIT_SHA",
]
id: "MnistPushFirstImage"
waitFor: ["MnistBuildFirstImage"]
- name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker"
args:
[
"build",
"-t",
"${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_tensorboard:$COMMIT_SHA",
"-t",
"${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_tensorboard:latest",
"${_CODE_PATH}/tensorboard",
"-f",
"${_CODE_PATH}/tensorboard/Dockerfile",
]
id: "MnistBuildSecondImage"
- name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker"
args:
[
"push",
"${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_tensorboard:$COMMIT_SHA",
]
id: "MnistPushSecondImage"
waitFor: ["MnistBuildSecondImage"]
- name: "python:3.7-slim"
entrypoint: "/bin/sh"
args: [
"-c",
"cd ${_CODE_PATH};
pip3 install cffi==1.12.3 --upgrade;
pip3 install kfp==0.1.37;
sed -i 's|image: train_image_location|image: ${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_train:$COMMIT_SHA|g' ./train/component.yaml;
sed -i 's|image: tensorboard_image_location|image: ${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_tensorboard:$COMMIT_SHA|g' ./tensorboard/component.yaml;
sed -i 's|ui_metadata_path|${_UI_METADATA_PATH}|g' ./tensorboard/component.yaml;
python pipeline.py --gcr_address ${_GCR_PATH};
cp pipeline.py.zip /workspace/pipeline.zip",
]
id: "MnistPackagePipeline"
- name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/gsutil"
args:
[
"cp",
"/workspace/pipeline.zip",
"${_GS_BUCKET}/$COMMIT_SHA/pipeline.zip"
]
id: "MnistUploadPipeline"
waitFor: ["MnistPackagePipeline"]
- name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/kubectl"
entrypoint: "/bin/sh"
args: [
"-c",
"cd ${_CODE_PATH};
apt-get update;
apt-get install -y python3-pip;
apt-get install -y libssl-dev libffi-dev;
/builder/kubectl.bash;
pip3 install kfp==0.1.37;
pip3 install kubernetes;
python3 create_pipeline_version_and_run.py
--bucket_name ${_GS_BUCKET}
--commit_sha $COMMIT_SHA
--pipeline_id ${_PIPELINE_ID}
--output_path ${_UI_METADATA_PATH}"
]
env:
- "CLOUDSDK_COMPUTE_ZONE=[Your cluster zone, for example: us-central1-a]"
- "CLOUDSDK_CONTAINER_CLUSTER=[Your cluster name, for example: my-cluster]"
id: "MnistCreatePipelineVersionAndRun"
images:
- "${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_train:latest"
- "${_GCR_PATH}/mnist_tensorboard:latest"
substitutions:
_CODE_PATH: /workspace/samples/contrib/versioned-pipeline-ci-samples/mnist-ci-sample
_NAMESPACE: kubeflow
_GCR_PATH: [Your cloud registry path. For example, gcr.io/my-project-id]
_GS_BUCKET: [Name of your cloud storage bucket. For example, gs://my-project-bucket]
_PIPELINE_ID: [Your kubeflow pipeline id to create a version on. Get it from Kubeflow Pipeline UI.
For example, f6f8558a-6eec-4ef4-b343-a650473ee613]
_UI_METADATA_PATH: [Path to the file which specifies where your metadata is located. For example, /mlpipeline-ui-metadata.json ]
``` |
Sarah Garland Boyd Jones (née Sarah Garland Boyd; 1866May 11, 1905) was an American physician from the U.S. state of Virginia. She was the first woman to receive a certificate from the Virginia State Medical Examining Board and co-founded a hospital in Richmond, Virginia with her husband, Miles Berkley Jones.
Early life and education
Sarah Garland Boyd was born in Albemarle County, Virginia. She was the daughter of Ellen Boyd and George W. Boyd, a leading African American contractor and builder in Richmond, Virginia, remembered for the Maggie L. Walker house. She was educated in the public schools of Richmond, and after graduating in 1883 from Richmond Colored Normal School with Maggie L. Walker, she taught in Richmond schools for five years.
Career
In 1888, Boyd married fellow teacher Miles Berkley Jones, who later became G.W.A. Secretary of the True Reformers. From 1890 to 1893, Jones attended Howard University Medical College, sessions 23 to 25, and graduated as a medical doctor in 1893. She passed the Virginia State Medical Examining Board, receiving over 90 percent on the examination in surgery. Jones was the first woman to receive a certificate from the board. Thereafter, she practiced medicine in Richmond. With her husband, who also became a physician, she opened Richmond Hospital, which was also known as the Women's Central Hospital.
Death
Jones died May 11, 1905. Her sister, who also became a physician, married her brother-in-law, the widower, Miles Berkley Jones, The Sarah G. Jones Memorial Hospital, Medical College and Training School for Nurses was named in her honor in 1922.
References
External links
Attribution
Bibliography
1866 births
1905 deaths
People from Albemarle County, Virginia
20th-century African-American physicians
20th-century American physicians
Physicians from Virginia
Howard University alumni
People from Richmond, Virginia
19th-century American women physicians
19th-century American physicians
20th-century African-American women
African-American women physicians |
Wayne McPherson is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played for South Sydney, Eastern Suburbs and Illawarra in the NSWRL competition
Playing career
McPherson made his first grade debut for South Sydney in round 5 of the 1980 NSWRFL season against Newtown at Redfern Oval. McPherson was contracted with South Sydney in 1981 and 1982 but only played for the reserve grade team. In 1983, he transferred to the clubs arch-rivals Eastern Suburbs. McPherson played three games for Easts including their fifth place playoff loss to St. George.
In 1984, McPherson joined Illawarra and spent the majority of his playing time there in the fullback role. McPherson's three seasons at Illawarra were not particularly successful as the club finished with back to back Wooden Spoon's in 1985 and 1986.
References
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Illawarra Steelers players
Sydney Roosters players
Australian rugby league players
Rugby league fullbacks
1961 births
Living people
Rugby league players from Sydney |
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