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This is a list of Representatives elected to the House of Representatives at the 2009 general election, held on 30 August 2009, for the Forty-Fifth election period of the House of Representatives beginning with the 172nd session of the National Diet of Japan. Composition Changes since the opening session (as of September 12, 2012) Note: This list includes not only the net result, but all gains and losses by parliamentary group except for very short transitional periods as an independent. Example: Kaoru Yosano who was a Liberal Democrat in the opening session and is an independent as of April 2012 shows up eight times: he (1.) left the LDP, (2.) co-founded the SPJ, (3.) left the SPJ, (4.) became an independent, (5.) stopped being an independent, (6.) joined the DPJ group, (7.) left the DPJ group and (8.) became an independent. Democratic Party – Independent Club (election result by party: DPJ 308, NPN 1, NPD 1; strength in the opening session of the 172nd Diet: 312) left: Yokomichi (elected Speaker), Ishikawa, Y. Tanaka, Kawakami (resigned), C. Kobayashi (resigned), Hide. Gotō (resigned), Masazumi Nakajima, M. Suzuki (election invalid), Y. Ishida (resigned), Y. Satō, Matsuki, Yokokume, Yosano, Masaki Nakajima, Chūgo, Ishida, M. Kobayashi, Miwa, Y. Saitō, Toyoda, Uchiyama, K. Watanabe, Yoshihiko Watanabe, Asano, Hirayama, T. Kiuchi, T. Taira, Takamura, I. Ozawa, Aihara, Aoki, Azuma, A. Ishii, Y. Ishihara, K. Ōtani, Ōyama, Ōta, Okajima, E. Okamoto, Kasahara, Ken. Kaneko, Kawashima, Take. Kimura, Kikuchi, Kyōno, Kumagai, Kuroda, Ya. Komiyama, T. Koga, Zukeran, Sugekawa, K. Suzuki, K. Takamatsu, D. Tamaki, Nakanowatari, Hagihara, K. Hata, Hidaka, K. Fukushima, Maki, T. Matsuzaki, Miyake, F. Murakami, K. Yamaoka, Yokoyama, G. Katō, Nakatsugawa, K. Kobayashi, T. Koizumi joined: Nakaya (proportional replacement), Tsujimoto, Asano (PR replacement), Yosano, Miura (PR replacement) Liberal Democratic Party – Assembly of Independents (election result: LDP 119; strength in opening session: 119) left: S. Etō (elected Vice-Speaker), K. Hatoyama, Yosano, H. Sonoda, Machimura (resigned), Ōmura, Matsunami joined: Nakamura, Imazu (PR replacement), Machimura (by-election), Mochizuki (PR replacement), Niwa (by-election), M. Kiuchi, R. Koizumi People's Life first – Kizuna (Founded as Kokumin no Seikatsu ga Daiichi – Mushozoku no Ayumi, "People's Life First – Path of Independents", until merger with Kizuna group) founding members: I. Ozawa, Aihara, Aoki, Azuma, A. Ishii, Y. Ishihara, K. Ōtani, Ōyama, Ōta, Okajima, E. Okamoto, Kasahara, Ken. Kaneko, Kawashima, Take. Kimura, Kikuchi, Kyōno, Kumagai, Kuroda, Ya. Komiyama, T. Koga, Zukeran, Sugekawa, K. Suzuki, K. Takamatsu, D. Tamaki, Nakanowatari, Hagihara, K. Hata, Hidaka, K. Fukushima, Maki, T. Matsuzaki, Miyake, F. Murakami, K. Yamaoka, Yokoyama joined: G. Katō Kizuna Party (joint parliamentary group since July 2012) founding members: Uchiyama, Chūgo, Ishida, M. Kobayashi, Miwa, Y. Saitō, Toyoda, K. Watanabe, Yoshihiko Watanabe Kōmeitō (election result: Kōmeitō 21; strength in opening session: 21) left: Kanzaki (resigned) joined: Tōyama (PR replacement) Japanese Communist Party (election result: JCP 9; strength in opening session: 9) no changes Social Democratic Party – Citizen's Alliance (election result: SDP 7; strength in opening session: 7) left: Tsujimoto Your Party (election result: YP 5; strength in opening session: 5) no changes Tax Cuts Japan – Peace founding members: T. Koizumi, K. Kobayashi, Y. Satō, T. Taira Reform Group of Independents founding members: T. Kiuchi, Masaki Nakajima, Yokokume joined: Nakatsugawa People's New Party – Group of Independents (election result: PNP 3; strength in opening session: 3; joint "People's New Party – New Party Nippon" group from 2010 to 2012) joined: Y. Tanaka, Masazumi Nakajima, Hirayama left: Y. Tanaka, Kamei, Matsushita (died) New Party Daichi – True Democrats founding members: Asano, Matsuki, Ishikawa Sunrise Party of Japan founding members: Hiranuma, H. Sonoda, Yosano left: Yosano Kokueki to Kokumin no Seikatsu o mamoru Kai ("Hiranuma group"; strength in opening session: 3) left: Hiranuma remaining at time of merger into LDP group: M. Kiuchi, R. Koizumi Independents (election result: I 6; strength in opening session: 1) became independents: Yokomichi (Speaker), S. Etō (Vice-Speaker), Ishikawa, K. Hatoyama, Tsujimoto, Masazumi Nakajima, Ōmura, Yosano, Doi, Y. Satō, Matsuki, Yokokume, Yosano, Masaki Nakajima, Kamei, Y. Tanaka, Hirayama, T. Kiuchi, T. Taira, Takamura, Matsunami stopped being independents: Nakamura, Tsujimoto, Yosano, Ōmura (resigned), Masazumi Nakajima, Matsuki, Ishikawa, Hirayama, Takamura (resigned), T. Kiuchi, Masaki Nakajima, Yokokume, Y. Satō, T. Taira List of representatives elected in the general election As of 16 September 2009 (opening session of the 172nd (special) Diet after election of House of Representatives Speaker, Vice-Speaker and Prime Minister) Note: Affiliation among Representatives elected may change at any given time. The Government Democratic Party (311 members) Jun Azumi Yukihiko Akutsu Yoshinobu Achiha Shino Aihara Ai Aoki Hirotaka Akamatsu Shozo Azuma Shinsuke Amiya Satoshi Arai Fumihiko Igarashi Masae Ido Motohisa Ikeda Koichiro Ichimura Akira Ishii Toshiro Ishii Tomohiro Ishikawa Eiko Ishige Takashi Ishizeki Katsuyuki Ishida Mitsuji Ishida Yoshihiro Ishida Masao Ishizu Yozaburo Ishihara Hisatsugu Ishimori Keiki Ishiyama Kenta Izumi Kayoko Isogai Koichiro Ichimura Masaaki Itokawa Shuji Inatomi Tetsuo Inami Masato Imai Akira Uchiyama Akashi Uchikoshi Yukio Ubukata Takako Ebata Yukio Edano Junya Ogawa Ichiro Ozawa Sakihito Ozawa Masatoshi Onoduka Mai Ohara Rintaro Ogata Hiroko Oizumi Hiroshi Ogushi Atsushi Oshima Kei Otani Nobumori Otani Kensuke Onishi Takanori Onishi Akihiro Ohata Masahiro Oyama Kazumi Ota Seiji Osaka Kazumasa Okajima Katsuya Okada Yasuhiro Okada Eiko Okamoto Mitsunori Okamoto Ken Okuda Soichiro Okuno Tenzo Okumura Koichi Kato Gaku Kato Michihiko Kano Banri Kaieda Masaaki Kakinuma Tamiko Kasahara Yasuhiro Kajiwara Koichiro Katsumata Tadashi Kanamori Kenichi Kaneko Yosuke Kamiyama Hiroshi Kawauchi Hiroshi Kawaguchi (independent) Hiroshi Kawaguchi Takahiro Kawagoe Tomotaro Kawashima Tatsuo Kawabata Hidesaburo Kawamura (independent) Mitsue Kawakami Naoto Kan (Prime Minister) Takatane Kiuchi Taketsuka Kimura Shuji Kira Takashi Kii Toru Kikawada Makiko Kikuta Chouemon Kikuchi Shuhei Kishimoto Keiro Kitagami Kimiko Kyouno Hitomi Kudo Mari Kushibuchi Daizo Kusuda Tetsuo Kutsukake Sadatoshi Kumagai Atsushi Kumada Takahiro Kuroiwa Yu Kuroda Isao Kuwabara Koichiro Gemba Toshiaki Koizumi Tadamasa Kodaira Koki Kobayashi Chiyomi Kobayashi Masae Kobayashi Yasuko Komiyama Yoko Komiyama Hisaaki Komuro Nobuhiro Koyama Issei Koga Takaaki Koga Hidetomo Goto Hitoshi Goto Yuichi Goto Kazuko Koori Kazuya Kondo Shoichi Kondo Yosuke Kondo Takahiro Sasaki Yuko Sato Takeshi Saiki Susumu Saito Tsuyoshi Saito Yasunori Saito Takehiro Sakaguchi Naoto Sakaguchi Ryuzo Sasaki Takeshi Shina Takashi Shinohara Masanao Shibahashi Mitsu Shimojo Koriki Jojima Yoichi Shiraishi Hideo Jinpu Nobuhio Suto Chobin Zukeran Yoshinori Suematsu Kazumi Sugimoto Hiroshi Sugekawa Katsumasa Suzuki Muneo Suzuki (New Party Daichi) Yoshito Sengoku Yasuhiro Sonoda Seiki Soramoto Kaname Tajima Issei Tajima Masayo Tanabu Keishu Tanaka Makiko Tanaka Mieko Tanaka Yasuo Tanaka (New Party Nippon) Kenji Tamura Tomoyuki Taira Takashi Takai Miho Takai Yoshiaki Takaki Mamoru Takano Shoichi Takahashi Hideyuki Takahashi Kazuo Takamatsu Tsutomu Takamura Satoshi Takayama Makoto Taki Mitsuaki Takeda Koichi Takemasa Hidenori Tachibana Tomoko Tamaki Yuichiro Tamaki Denny Tamaki Kimiyoshi Tamaki Shinji Tarutoko Atsushi Chugo Shougo Tsugawa Kyoichi Tsushima Keisuke Tsumura Megumu Tsuji Nobutaka Tsutsui Yoshio Tezuka Manabu Terata Ryuichi Doi Seiichiro Dokyu Yoshitada Tomioka Juntaro Toyoda Hiroshi Nakai Osamu Nakagawa Masaharu Nakagawa Masaki Nakajima Masazumi Nakajima Hirosato Nakatsugawa Ikko Nakatsuka Yasuhiro Nakane Kansei Nakano Joe Nakano Noriko Nakanowatari Mieko Nakabayashi Yoshikatsu Nakayama Hiroko Nakano Takako Nagae Takashi Nagao Akihisa Nagashima Kazuyoshi Nagashima Akira Nagatsuma Takashi Nagayasu Hirobumi Niki Chinami Nishimura Minoru Nogi Kuniyoshi Noda Yoshihiko Noda Tsutomu Hata Hitoshi Hagihara Kiyohito Hashimoto Hiroaki Hashimoto Ben Hashimoto Koji Hata Yoshio Hachiro Akihiro Hatsushika Yukio Hatoyama Hiroki Hanasaki Hiroshi Hamamoto Kumiko Hayakawa Kazuhiro Haraguchi Yutaka Banno Toshikazu Higuchi Takeshi Hidaka Hideo Hiraoka Hirofumi Hirano Tairou Hirayama Kenichiro Fukushima Nobuyuki Fukushima Akio Fukuda Eriko Fukuda Hirohisa Fujii Kazue Fujita Daisuke Fujita Norihiko Fujita Osamu Fujimura Motohisa Furukawa Shinichiro Furumoto Ritsuo Hosokawa Goshi Hosono Hiranao Honda Sumio Mabuchi Seiji Maehara Yoshio Maki Seishu Makino Hirotaka Matsuoka Kenko Matsuki Kimiaki Matsuzaki Tetsuhisa Matsuzaki Yorihisa Matsuno Jin Matsubara Isao Matsumiya Daisuke Matsumoto Takeaki Matsumoto Ryu Matsumoto Taizo Mikatsuki Mitsuo Mitani Kazuya Mimura Yukiko Miyake Nobuaki Miwa Wakio Mitsui Tomohiko Mizuno Inao Minayoshi Takeshi Miyazaki Daisuke Miyajima Koichi Mukoyama Muneaki Murai Fumiyoshi Murakami Hirotami Murakoshi Hideko Muroi Kentaro Motomura Yoiciro Morioka Kazuyoshi Morimoto Tetsuo Morimoto Hiroyuki Moriyama Kouji Yazaki Hajime Yatagawa Kazumi Yanagita Shiori Yamao Kenji Yamaoka Tatsumaru Yamaoka Kazuyuki Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi Maya Yamazaki Makoto Yamazaki Masahiko Yamada Ryoji Yamada Kazunori Yamanoi Ikuo Yamahana Gosei Yamamoto Shunji Yuhara Michiyoshi Yunoki Katuhito Yokokume Katsuhiko Yokomitsu Hokuto Yokoyama Masashige Yoshikawa Izumi Yoshida Osamu Yoshida Koichi Yoshida Tsunehiko Yoshida Hirofumi Ryu Miki Wajima Takashi Wada Yasuhiko Wakai Seizō Wakaizumi Eiichiro Washio Koichiro Watanabe Shu Watanabe Yoshihiko Watanabe Kozo Watanabe People's New Party (4 Members) Shizuka Kamei Tadahiro Matsushita Mikio Shimoji Yasuo Tanaka The Opposition Liberal Democratic Party (118 members) Ichiro Aisawa Ryosei Akazawa Kenya Akiba Tarō Asō Shinzo Abe Toshiko Abe Akira Amari Masatoshi Ishida Shigeru Ishiba Nobuteru Ishihara Yoshitaka Ito Tomomi Inada Shinji Inoue Bummei Ibuki Masahiro Imamura Takeshi Iwaya Akinori Eto Taku Eto Toshiaki Endo Tadamori Oshima Yoshinori Ohno Hideaki Omura Yasuhiro Ozato Itsunori Onodera Yuko Obuchi Hiroshi Kajiyama Katsunobu Kato Koichi Kato Kazuyoshi Kaneko Yasushi Kaneko Katsutoshi Kaneda Ichiro Kamoshita Katsuyuki Kawai Jiro Kawasaki Takeo Kawamura Fumio Kishida Shigeo Kitamura Seigo Kitamura Tarō Kimura Yuriko Koike Shinjiro Koizumi Taro Kono Masahiko Komura Makoto Koga Masazumi Gotoda Mitsue Kondo Ken Saito Tetsushi Sakamoto Genichiro Sata Tatsuo Sato (politician) Yasuhisa Shiozaki Ryu Shionoya Masahiko Shibayama Hakubun Shimomura Yoshitaka Shindo Yoshihide Suga Isshu Sugawara Hiroyuki Sonoda Masaaki Taira Sanae Takaichi Tsuyoshi Takagi Wataru Takeshita Ryota Takeda Tsutomu Takebe Naokazu Takemoto Keiichiro Tachibana Kazunori Tanaka Yasufumi Tanahashi Koichi Tani Sadakazu Tanigaki Yaichi Tanigawa Takashi Tanihata Ryotaro Tanose Norihisa Tamura Takeshi Tokuda Keiko Nagaoka Hidenao Nakagawa Tadayoshi Nagashima Jinen Nagase Gen Nakatani Toshihiro Nikai Akira Nishino Yasutoshi Nishimura Fukushiro Nukaga Seiko Noda Takeshi Noda Hiroshi Hase Kunio Hatoyama Yasukazu Hamada Motoo Hayashi Takuya Hirai Katsuei Hirasawa Teru Fukui Yasuo Fukuda Yoshihisa Furukawa Keiji Furuya Hiroyuki Hosoda Kosuke Hori Nobutaka Machimura Kenta Matsunami Hirokazu Matsuno Jun Matsumoto Norio Mitsuya Mitsuhiro Miyakoshi Seiichiro Murakami Yoshitaka Murata Toshimitsu Motegi Eisuke Mori Yoshiro Mori Hiroshi Moriyama Takuji Yanagimoto Shunichi Yamaguchi Koichi Yamamoto Kozo Yamamoto Taku Yamamoto Yuji Yamamoto Kaoru Yosano Masayoshi Yoshino Komeito Party (21 Members) Masao Akamatsu Yoshihisa Inoue Yasuko Ikenobo Keiichi Ishii Noritoshi Ishida Hisashi Inatsu Yoshio Urushibara Yasuyuki Eda Otohiko Endo Yoshinori Ooguchi Takenori Kanzaki Shigeki Sato Tetsuo Saito Chikara Sakaguchi Michiyo Takagi Yosuke Takagi Yuzuru Takeuchi Shigeyuki Tomita Hiroyoshi Nishi Junji Higashi Noriko Furuya Japan Communist Party (9 Members) Seiken Akamine Akira Kasai Keiji Kokuta Kensho Sasaki Kazuo Shii Tetsuya Shiokawa Chizuko Takahashi Takeshi Miyamoto Hidekatsu Yoshii Social Democratic Party / Citizen's Alliance (7 Members) Tomoko Abe Yasumasa Shigeo Kiyomi Tsujimoto Kantoku Teruya Takatoshi Nakashima Ryoichi Hattori Hideo Yoshiizumi Your Party (5 Members) Keiichiro Asao Kenji Eda Mito Kakizawa Koichi Yamauchi Yoshimi Watanabe Group for upholding national interest and citizens' livelihoods (3 Members) Minoru Kiuchi Ryuji Koizumi Takeo Hiranuma Independents (3 Members) Takahiro Yokomichi, President (gichō) or Speaker (previously DPJ) Seishiro Eto, Vice President (fuku-gichō) or vice-speaker (previously LDP) Kishiro Nakamura List of representatives elected in the general election as proportional replacements Kiyohiko Tōyama (2010 Kyūshū PR block replacement for Takenori Kanzaki from the Kōmeitō list) Daisuke Nakaya (2010 Kyūshū block replacement for Hidetomo Gotō from the DPJ list) Takahiro Asano (2010 Hokkaidō PR block replacement for Muneo Suzuki from the New Party Daichi list) Hiroshi Imazu (2010 Hokkaidō block replacement for Nobutaka Machimura from the LDP list) Yoshio Mochizuki (2011 Tōkai PR block replacement for Hideaki Ōmura from the LDP list) Noboru Miura (2012 Chūgoku PR block replacement for Tsutomu Takamura from the DPJ list) List of representatives elected in by-elections Nobutaka Machimura (October 2010, Hokkaidō 5, vacated by Chiyomi Kobayashi) Hideki Niwa (April 2011, Aichi 6, vacated by Yoshihiro Ishida) References See also Results of the Japanese general election, 2009 (lists Representatives elected by constituency) Politics of Japan Japan politics-related lists 21st-century Japanese politicians
San Tadeo River () is a river in the Isthmus of Ofqui, Aysén Region, Chile. San Tadeo River flows in a SSW direction into the Gulf of San Esteban. It drains much of the swampy Isthmus of Ofqui and the meltwater from San Quintín Glacier's proglacial lake. The river has historically been used as an importante lane to cross the isthmus. Indigenous Chono nomads, Jesuit missionaries and Spanish explorers all used the river to cross the isthmus in colonial times. References Rivers of Aysén Region Taitao Peninsula Rivers of Chile
Robert Park, Jr (born 5 January 1952) is a Scottish former footballer. Though he was a promising young midfielder playing for Sunderland at age 17, his short career was subsequently plagued with serious injuries. Playing career Park began his footballing career with Sunderland in 1962. Park was a promising midfielder, reaching the first team squad at the young age of 17. However, Park's career was repeatedly punctuated with serious injuries. His career lasted a brief seven years, during which time he suffered from broken leg injuries three times. During his playing career, Park scored a crucial penalty against Tyne and Wear rivals Newcastle United in front of a 51,950 crowd in the 1969–70 season, in which the game concluded in a 1–1 draw result. Park was planning to play his debut international cap for Scotland before he broke his leg for the second time. Later career Park retired from football and first opened a discount household goods store. For a brief period in later life Park was a journalist writing freelance sporting articles for local newspapers in Hexham. Park wrote about certain football teams, such as Carlisle United and Sunderland. He also wrote about golf, one of his personal interests. Personal life Park's father Robert Park, Sr was also a footballer and played as a goalkeeper for Queen of the South F.C. & Hull City A.F.C. References External links Sunderland Website - official SAFC Pictures- unofficial fansite 1952 births Living people Scottish men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Sunderland A.F.C. players
The Zigong dialect () is a branch of Southwestern Mandarin, spoken mainly in Zigong, Fushun, Weiyuan, east Rongxian and some parts of Yibin, Neijiang, Longchang and other neighboring areas of Sichuan. At least four Chinese dialects are spoken in Zigong City: the Zigong dialect, the Rongxian dialect, Hakka and the Minjiang dialect. A majority of people in Zigong speak the Zigong dialect. However, most people in Rongxian, a county of Zigong City, speak the Rongxian dialect, whose pronunciation is quite different from that of the Zigong dialect. Besides, owing to a great number of Hakka immigrants in history, a small number of Hakka people in certain towns also remain to speak Hakka. Also, the Minjiang dialect is spoken in a few remote towns or villages bordering Luzhou, Leshan and Yibin. History The Zigong dialect differs from other branches of Sichuanese Mandarin. The modern Zigong dialect was formed rather recently in a great wave of immigration after the Qing Dynasty. Immigrants played a crucial role in the formation of the new Zigong dialect. Zigong has long been known as the "Salt Capital" for its brine extraction techniques and the attendant salt-related culture. In ancient China, salt was regarded as the energy for body and valued even more highly than gold. Therefore, salt trading was always the most profitable business and salt merchants were the wealthiest people. Hence many merchants, mainly from Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Guangdong, flooded into Zigong, bringing their Chinese varieties with them. Phonology There are four phonemic tones in the Zigong dialect: dark level tone, light level tone, rising tone, and departing tone. The four tones all have different pitches vis a vis Mandarin. The ancient checked tone of Chinese has been redistributed entirely into the departing tone. There are 24 initials in the Zigong dialect. The Zigong dialect can clearly differentiate retroflex consonants and alveolo-palatal consonants, while most dialects of Sichuanese Mandarin can not. There are 38 finals in the Zigong dialect. Differences in colloquial and literary pronunciations Words with different meanings These words have meanings in the Zigong dialect entirely different from those in Mandarin. References
```objective-c function rfcn_build() % rfcn_build() % -------------------------------------------------------- % R-FCN implementation % Modified from MATLAB Faster R-CNN (path_to_url % -------------------------------------------------------- % Compile nms_mex if ~exist('nms_mex', 'file') fprintf('Compiling nms_mex\n'); mex -O -outdir bin ... CXXFLAGS="\$CXXFLAGS -std=c++11" ... -largeArrayDims ... functions/nms/nms_mex.cpp ... -output nms_mex; end if ~exist('nms_gpu_mex', 'file') fprintf('Compiling nms_gpu_mex\n'); addpath(fullfile(pwd, 'functions', 'nms')); nvmex('functions/nms/nms_gpu_mex.cu', 'bin'); delete('nms_gpu_mex.o'); end ```
Old Romney is a village and civil parish in the Folkestone and Hythe district of Kent, England. The village, as its name suggests, is the original site of the settlement, and is situated two miles (3.2 km) inland from New Romney. It lies on what was once an island in the former estuary of the River Rother. It was noted in Roman times as Vetus Rumellenum. By the time of the Domesday Book in the 11th century, New Romney had been established. Parish history Old Romney is a village and civil parish located in the Folkestone and Hythe district of Kent. Old Romney St. Clement is a parish dating back to ancient times and, as the name hints out, commenced the primitive settlement of Romney Marsh. It was, thus, the initial port of Romney which over time, stretched out along the Rother toward the sea with either half being labelled "Old" and "New" Romney. As the port let go the importance of the village of Old Romney dwindled and not long after that, only St. Clement and the settlement were left untouched by the 1600s. The location of the village and civil parish is on an island in the River Rother. St Clement's Church St Clement's Church in Old Romney, Romney Marsh, is a Church of England parish church and one of the oldest churches in Kent. It was originally constructed in the 12th century although there is some evidence of an original structure on the site dating back to the 8th century. The church with the Georgian minstrels' gallery and box pews retaining their rose pink colour was featured in the 1962 film The Scarecrow of Romney Marsh. Disney and the Rank Film Organisation repainted them in for the filming. Notable people Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough who owned Agney Court in this parish. Derek Jarman, film-maker and AIDS activist, who is buried in the churchyard of St Clement's church References Leaflet - "The Mediaeval churches of Romney Marsh", available at St. Clements External links Photos of Old Romney and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk Romney Deanery, St. Clements web page Civil parishes in Kent Villages in Kent
Nicholas Tasunungurwa Goche (born 1 August 1946) is a Zimbabwean politician. He is the former Minister of Transport. Previously he was Minister of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare. Diplomacy/foreign affairs In the 1980s and early 1990s Goche advocated positive relations with foreign countries and he met with many foreign leaders throughout 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1994. In January 1995, Goche said in an interview with the ZBC that François Mitterrand "was not an honest man" and "never kept his word." By contrast he said that "John Major never asked anything that was unreasonable and he was always happy to oblige when we asked him for things." He described Bill Clinton as "not trustworthy." Going further he added that "John Major is the only trustworthy western leader." He also described John Major as "sensible and fair-minded" and as "a true friend of Zimbabwe." He said that on United Nations Security Council Resolution 943 "it was thoroughly implied to me personally, I was very much led to believe, that France would abstain. Major's guys, I knew how they would vote, they explained to me their reasons, they were very courteous, wholesome men, I got where they were coming from, they were going to vote yes, they and I respectfully disagreed about the situation, okay, fair enough. But at least they were square with me. They were going to vote yes, okay. But Mitterand's people basically told me, not explicitly, which I see in hindsight was on purpose, but they basically told me they were going to do one thing and then they did another." Adding later, "It was pretty shady." Nathan Shamuyarira was officially the Minister of Foreign Affairs but was considered to constantly be in extreme dereliction of duty, and delegated virtually all of his actual duties to Nicholas Goche and Stan Mudenge. In the early 1990s Zimbabwe's economy suffered due to a region-wide drought, causing Zimbabwe's GDP to fall from $8.784 billion (USD) in 1990 to $6.891 billion (USD) in 1994. Seeking to remedy this, Goche and Mudenge sought economic relief from wealthier western countries in 1994 and 1995. The four countries approached were the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. According to Goche and Mudenge the United States, Germany and France said they would not contribute in any way. Goche remarked in an interview with the ZBC "The Americans would have nothing to do with us as of 1993, the Germans were indifferent and distant, they acted like we were bothering them. The French were downright snotty about it. They (the French) were the only ones who were actually just disrespectul towards us as individuals. The only help we got was from the British. They were real friends about it. Every time Major told me he would do something he did it." In conjunction with Stan Mudenge and Nicholas Goche, the United Kingdom administration of John Major channeled large amounts of foreign direct investment into Zimbabwe to help revive Zimbabwe's economy. The investment was targeted to specific areas of the economy. As a result of this the size of the Zimbabwe's GDP grew from $6.891 billion in late 1994 to $8.53 billion (USD) by early 1997. 1995 Parliamentary Election In 1995 Goche ran for Parliament to be the MP for Shamva. His opponent was Godfrey Mumbamarwo of the ZANU-PF Ndonga faction. Goche won the election 27,330 to 1,461 (94.9% of the vote for Goche, 5.1% of the vote for Mumbamarwo.) Minister of Transport Minister of Transport and Infrastructure Development. He served during the tenure of Robert Mugabe who replaced him in 2014 with Prisca Mupfumira after he was accused of trying to kill the President as part of a coup. Biography Secretary-general, Rhodesian Explosive and Chemical Workers Union, 1968–70; Assistant personnel officer, payroll employees and welfare, Zimbabwe Phosphate Industries Ltd, 1970–74; Personnel officer, ZIMPHOS, 1974–77; Exile, 1977–80; Senior administrative officer, Zimbabwean Embassy, Washington, 1980–83; Under-Secretary, Eastern Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1984; Ambassador, Romania and Bulgaria, 1984–87; Ambassador, People's Republic of China, 1987–90; Deputy Secretary, Political and Economic Affairs, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1990–91; Assistant, Embassy in New York, 1991–92; Deputy Secretary for Production, ZANU-PF Mashonaland Central, 1994; Deputy Minister, Foreign Affairs, 1995–00; Minister of State, National Security, 2000–05; Minister of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare, 2005–09; Minister of Transport, 2008 to 2013. Goche was one of the negotiating team behind the unity government and helped maintain Mugabe in power while, as a former head of the Central Intelligence Organisation, he served as Minister of State for National Security. Since 2003, he is placed on European Union and United States sanctions lists. Goche was the ZANU-PF candidate for the House of Assembly seat from Shamva North constituency in the March 2008 parliamentary election. He won by an overwhelming margin, receiving 10,385 votes against two MDC opponents, Chimombe Godfree and Matibiri Anderson, who respectively received 1,354 and 1,173 votes. Along with Goche, Chinamasa was one of the negotiators sent by ZANU-PF to the talks between political parties that began in Pretoria on 10 July 2008, following the disputed re-election of President Robert Mugabe. When the ZANU-PF–MDC national unity government was sworn in on 13 February 2009, Goche was moved to the position of Minister of Transport. As a result of a dispute between Nelson Chamisa, the Minister of Information and Communication Technology, and Webster Shamu, the Minister of Information and Publicity, regarding which ministry should deal with telecommunications, The Herald reported on 10 April 2009, that President Mugabe had assigned responsibility for telecommunications to Goche's ministry. References 1946 births Living people Members of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe Government ministers of Zimbabwe Zimbabwean trade unionists Foreign ministers of Zimbabwe Ambassadors of Zimbabwe to China Ambassadors of Zimbabwe to Romania Ambassadors of Zimbabwe to Bulgaria Zimbabwean exiles Transport ministers ZANU–PF politicians 20th-century Zimbabwean politicians 21st-century Zimbabwean politicians
Visitors to Jamaica must obtain a visa from one of the Jamaican diplomatic missions, or in certain cases from one of the United Kingdom diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the 116 countries designated as visa-exempt countries or countries whose citizens may obtain a visa on arrival. Most Commonwealth Citizens can visit Jamaica for up to 180 days visa-free. Visa policy map Visa exemption Visa free Citizens of the following 106 countries and territories can visit Jamaica without a visa for tourism or business purposes (unless otherwise noted): T - Visa free for tourism only. 1 - For holders of vaccination certificate for Measles, Polio and Rubella only. Holders of diplomatic or official/service/special passports issued to nationals of Cuba do not require a visa for Jamaica. Visa on arrival Citizens of the following 24(+1) countries and territories can visit Jamaica by obtaining a visa on arrival for US$100: In addition, visitors from with an "Affadivit of Identity" can obtain a visa on arrival. A visa waiver agreement was signed with the on 23 September 2019 and is yet to be ratified. It envisages a visa exemption for holders of diplomatic and official passports and a visa on arrival for ordinary passport holders. Unconditional Landing Stamp Visa is not required for holders of passports or other travel documents of any country endorsed with an "Unconditional Landing" stamp issued by Jamaican authorities. Visa waiver Under certain conditions some visa requiring nationals are exempt for tourist visits up to 30 days unless otherwise stated. Nationals of any country with a residence permit issued by Canada or a U.S. Green Card are exempt for visits up to 6 months. Nationals of that are holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United States, United Kingdom or Schengen member states. Nationals of , and , that are holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United States, United Kingdom or Schengen member states and who hold a proof that they are immunized against measles, rubella and polio. Nationals of , , , and that are holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United States or United Kingdom and who hold a proof that they are immunized against measles, rubella and polio. Nationals of that are holders of a valid visa issued by Canada or the United States. Nationals of , , , and that are holders of a valid visa issued by Canada or United States and who hold a proof that they are immunized against measles, rubella and polio. Nationals of and that are holders of a valid visa issued by the United States and who hold a proof that they are immunized against measles, rubella and polio. Future changes – Visa free agreement has been signed but yet to be ratified. Visitor statistics Most visitors arriving to Jamaica were from the following countries of nationality: See also Visa requirements for Jamaican citizens References Jamaica Foreign relations of Jamaica
Rzeplin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pruchnik, within Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately west of Pruchnik, south-west of Jarosław, and east of the regional capital Rzeszów. References Rzeplin
Kakuti () is a village in the Ozurgeti Municipality of Guria in western Georgia. References Populated places in Ozurgeti Municipality
Lorne Allan Kopelchuk (b. August 4, 1938) is a farmer and former political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Canora from 1986 to 1991 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative. He was born in Canora, Saskatchewan, the son of Steven Kopelchuk and Susan Procyshen, and studied commerce at the University of Saskatchewan. He farmed and worked as an office worker before entering politics. In 1961, he married Doris Samuels. Kopelchuk served in the Saskatchewan cabinet as Minister of Parks and Renewable Resources and as Minister of Northern Affairs. He was defeated by Darrel Cunningham when he ran for reelection to the assembly in 1991. As part of an investigation into fraudulent use of communications allowances by Progressive Conservative members of the Saskatchewan legislature, Kopelchuk was charged with using a false expense claim to pay $1,568 for an electronic public address system. This expense could have legitimately been claimed against his constituency office allowance. In addition, the actual cost of the system was $1,005; the balance went to John Scraba, communications director for the Saskatchewan Progressive Conservative party. The PA system and podium were donated to the Town of Canora prior to the charges. The judge acquitted him, deciding that there was no evidence that Kopelchuk was aware of the misleading invoice. As of , Kopelchuk remains in Canora with his wife of 60 years. They have 4 daughters, 12 grandchildren, and 2 great-grandchildren. References 1938 births Living people Canadian people of Ukrainian descent People from Canora, Saskatchewan Members of the Executive Council of Saskatchewan Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan MLAs
Taborian Hospital in Mound Bayou, Mississippi opened in 1942 to great fanfare by the International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor. Everyone on the staff, including doctors and nurses, were black. The facilities included two major operating rooms, an x-ray machine, incubators, electrocardiograph, blood bank, and laboratory. Operating costs came almost entirely from membership dues and other voluntary contributions. The first chief surgeon of the hospital was T. R. M. Howard, who later became an important civil rights leader in Mississippi and mentor to both Medgar Evers and Fannie Lou Hamer, who was often a patient at the hospital. After years of financial pressure, the hospital lost its fraternal status in 1967 when the federal government took it over and put it under the authority of the Office of Economic Opportunity. The hospital, renamed as the Mound Bayou Community Hospital, finally closed in 1983. During the 1990s, the Knights and Daughters of Tabor began a continuing campaign to renovate the original hospital building which has been empty for many years. In 2011, work began to restore the hospital and create a regional medical center. When completed, half of the building will serve as an urgent care facility, which will utilize telemedicine in collaboration with the University of Mississippi Medical Center. During construction, effort will be placed on maintaining the historic integrity of the building. Notes References Beito, David T. (2000). From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State: Fraternal Societies and Social Services, 1890–1967. University of North Carolina Press. Hospital buildings completed in 1942 Mississippi Landmarks Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor National Register of Historic Places in Bolivar County, Mississippi Voluntary hospitals Historically black hospitals in the United States African-American history of Mississippi Hospitals established in 1942 Mound Bayou, Mississippi
Douillet () is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France. See also Communes of the Sarthe department References Communes of Sarthe
```c /* * / #include <zephyr/kernel.h> #define EXTRA_THREAD_STACKSIZE 2048 struct k_thread extra_thread; K_THREAD_STACK_DEFINE(extra_stack, EXTRA_THREAD_STACKSIZE); static void thread_entry(void p1, void p2, void p3) { /* This thread does not have a name so thread analyzer will display * the memory address of the thread struct, which is needed for * the twister console harness to match (even if CONFIG_THREAD_NAME=y). */ while (true) { k_sleep(K_SECONDS(300)); } } int main(void) { k_thread_create(&extra_thread, extra_stack, EXTRA_THREAD_STACKSIZE, thread_entry, NULL, NULL, NULL, K_PRIO_PREEMPT(0), IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_USERSPACE) ? K_USER : 0, K_MSEC(0)); return 0; } ```
The Point Robinson Light is an operational aid to navigation and historic lighthouse on Puget Sound, located at Point Robinson, the easternmost point of Maury Island, King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. History Development of a navigational aid at Point Robinson began in 1884, when the Lighthouse Service purchased 24 acres there for $1,000. Construction of a fog signal station began that year with the facility seeing dedication on July 1, 1885. The original boiler and 12-inch steam whistle came from Oregon's Point Adams Light. A one-and-a-half-story keeper's house was built nearby. A second keeper's quarters was constructed in 1907. The point's first light arrived in 1887, when a lens lantern, shining persistent red, was attached to a post. In 1894, the post was replaced by an open wooden tower which held the light at . The current lighthouse was built in 1915, a twin of the Alki Point Lighthouse. With its tower and fifth-order Fresnel lens, the light could be seen . The flashing pattern is on for three seconds, off for one second, on for another three seconds, and off for five seconds. The light was automated in 1978, using the original fifth-order Fresnel lens. In 2008, the Coast Guard replaced the original Fresnel light with a replaceable plastic beacon mounted outside the lantern room. The original Fresnel lens remains in the lantern room where it can be viewed by visitors. A 100-foot radar tower was built at the point as part of the Puget Sound Vessel Traffic Control System at a cost of US$4 million in 1989. GPS facilities were added in the 1990s. Last uniformed keeper The last Coast Guardsman stationed at Robinson Point Light Station was Jerry Bolstad in 1989. He and his family occupied one of the lighthouse keeper's houses. In addition to the station's general maintenance, the last keeper restored the original Daboll three-trumpet fog signal, air compressor, and diesel engines as part of a historical display and conducted tours. One of the vintage Daboll trumpets was attached to a bottle of compressed air so visitors could experience its powerful sound. Park In the early 1990s, local residents learned of plans to lease land for commercial purposes on Point Robinson. With the whiff of a potential seafood-processing plant in the air, the organization Keepers of Point Robinson was created and, coupled with the Vashon-Maury Island Park and Recreation District, negotiated a 15-year lease on the property with the Coast Guard. The site is now a shoreline park and historical and marine conservancy managed by Vashon Park District. The park district owns the upland part of the park, with the remainder on long-term lease from the Coast Guard. Keepers of Point Robinson work with the park district to maintain the site and offer the two keepers' dwellings as weekly rentals. References External links Point Robinson Vashon Park District Buildings and structures completed in 1885 Lighthouses completed in 1894 Lighthouses completed in 1915 Lighthouses in Washington (state) Transportation buildings and structures in King County, Washington National Register of Historic Places in King County, Washington Colonial Revival architecture in Washington (state) Neoclassical architecture in Washington (state) Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
```shell Let's play the blame game Specify a commit by its ancestry Specify a range of commits using double dot syntax Useful stashing options Sharing data by bundling ```
```swift // OverlayViewController.swift // OverlayContainer // // Created by Gatan Zanella on 12/11/2018. // import UIKit /// A `OverlayContainerViewController` is a container view controller that manages one or more /// child view controllers in an overlay interface. /// /// It defines an area where a view controller, called the overlay view controller, /// can be dragged up and down, hiding or revealing the content underneath it. /// /// OverlayContainer uses the last view controller of its viewControllers as the overlay view controller. /// It stacks the other view controllers on top of each other, if any, and adds them underneath the overlay view controller. open class OverlayContainerViewController: UIViewController { /// `OverlayStyle` defines how the overlay view controller will be constrained in the container. public enum OverlayStyle { /// The overlay view controller will not be height-constrained. It will grow and shrink /// as the user drags it up and down. case flexibleHeight /// The overlay view controller will be constrained with a height equal to the highest notch. /// It will be fully visible only when the user has drag it up to this notch. case rigid /// The overlay view controller will be constrained with a height greater or equal to the highest notch. /// Its height will be expanded if the overlay goes beyond the highest notch. case expandableHeight } /// The delegate of the container. weak open var delegate: OverlayContainerViewControllerDelegate? { set { configuration.delegate = newValue configuration.invalidateOverlayMetrics() setNeedsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate() } get { return configuration.delegate } } /// The view controllers displayed. open var viewControllers: [UIViewController] = [] { didSet { guard isViewLoaded else { return } oldValue.forEach { removeChild($0) } loadOverlayViews() setNeedsStatusBarAppearanceUpdate() } } /// The overlay view controller open var topViewController: UIViewController? { return viewControllers.last } open override var childForStatusBarStyle: UIViewController? { return topViewController } /// The scroll view managing the overlay translation. weak open var drivingScrollView: UIScrollView? { didSet { guard drivingScrollView !== oldValue else { return } guard isViewLoaded else { return } loadTranslationDrivers() } } /// The height of the area where the overlay view controller can be dragged up and down. /// It will only be valid once the container view is laid out or in the delegate callbacks. open var availableSpace: CGFloat { return view.frame.height } /// The style of the container. public let style: OverlayStyle private lazy var overlayPanGesture: OverlayTranslationGestureRecognizer = self.makePanGesture() private lazy var overlayContainerView = OverlayContainerView() private lazy var overlayTranslationView = OverlayTranslationView() private lazy var overlayTranslationContainerView = OverlayTranslationContainerView() private lazy var groundView = GroundView() private var overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint? private var translationHeightConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint? private lazy var configuration = makeConfiguration() private var needsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate = true private var previousSize: CGSize = .zero private var translationController: HeightConstraintOverlayTranslationController? private var translationDrivers: [OverlayTranslationDriver] = [] // (gz) 2020-08-11 Uses to determine whether we can safely call `presentationController` or not. // See issue #72 private var isPresentedInsideAnOverlayContainerPresentationController = false // MARK: - Life Cycle /// Creates an instance with the specified `style`. /// /// - parameter style: The style used by the container. The default value is `expandableHeight`. /// /// - returns: The new `OverlayContainerViewController` instance. public init(style: OverlayStyle = .expandableHeight) { self.style = style super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil) } public required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) { self.style = .flexibleHeight super.init(coder: aDecoder) } // MARK: - UIViewController open override func loadView() { view = PassThroughView() view.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight] loadContainerViews() loadOverlayViews() } open override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() setUpPanGesture() } open override func viewWillLayoutSubviews() { // (gz) 2019-06-10 According to the documentation, the default implementation of // `viewWillLayoutSubviews` does nothing. // Nethertheless in its `Changing Constraints` Guide, Apple recommends to call it. defer { super.viewWillLayoutSubviews() } let hasNewHeight = previousSize.height != view.bounds.size.height let hasPendingTranslation = translationController?.hasPendingTranslation() == true guard needsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate \|\| hasNewHeight else { return } needsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate = false previousSize = view.bounds.size if hasNewHeight { configuration.invalidateOverlayMetrics() } if hasNewHeight && !hasPendingTranslation { translationController?.scheduleOverlayTranslation( .toLastReachedNotchIndex, velocity: .zero, animated: false ) } configuration.requestOverlayMetricsIfNeeded() performDeferredTranslations() } // MARK: - Internal func overlayContainerPresentationTransitionWillBegin() { isPresentedInsideAnOverlayContainerPresentationController = true } func overlayContainerDismissalTransitionDidEnd() { isPresentedInsideAnOverlayContainerPresentationController = false } // MARK: - Public /// Moves the overlay view controller to the specified notch. /// /// - parameter index: The index of the target notch. /// - parameter animated: Defines either the transition should be animated or not. /// - parameter completion: The block to execute after the translation finishes. /// This block has no return value and takes no parameters. You may specify nil for this parameter. /// open func moveOverlay(toNotchAt index: Int, animated: Bool, completion: (() -> Void)? = nil) { loadViewIfNeeded() translationController?.scheduleOverlayTranslation( .toIndex(index), velocity: .zero, animated: animated, completion: completion ) setNeedsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate() } /// Invalidates the current container notches. /// /// This method does not reload the notch heights immediately. The changes are scheduled to the next layout pass. /// By default, the overlay container will use its target notch policy to determine where to go /// and animates the translation. /// Use `moveOverlay(toNotchAt:animated:completion:)` to override this behavior. /// open func invalidateNotchHeights() { guard isViewLoaded else { return } configuration.invalidateOverlayMetrics() translationController?.scheduleOverlayTranslation( .basedOnTargetPolicy, velocity: .zero, animated: true ) setNeedsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate() } // MARK: - Private private func loadContainerViews() { view.addSubview(groundView) groundView.pinToSuperview() view.addSubview(overlayTranslationContainerView) overlayTranslationContainerView.pinToSuperview() overlayTranslationContainerView.addSubview(overlayTranslationView) overlayTranslationView.addSubview(overlayContainerView) overlayTranslationView.pinToSuperview(edges: [.bottom, .left, .right]) overlayContainerView.pinToSuperview(edges: [.left, .top, .right]) translationHeightConstraint = overlayTranslationView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 0) switch style { case .flexibleHeight: overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint = overlayContainerView.bottomAnchor.constraint( equalTo: overlayTranslationView.bottomAnchor ) case .rigid: overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint = overlayContainerView.heightAnchor.constraint( equalToConstant: 0 ) case .expandableHeight: overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint = overlayContainerView.heightAnchor.constraint( equalToConstant: 0 ) overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint?.priority = .defaultHigh let bottomConstraint = overlayContainerView.bottomAnchor.constraint( greaterThanOrEqualTo: overlayTranslationView.bottomAnchor ) bottomConstraint.isActive = true } loadTranslationController() } private func loadTranslationController() { guard let translationHeightConstraint = translationHeightConstraint else { return } translationController = HeightConstraintOverlayTranslationController( translationHeightConstraint: translationHeightConstraint, configuration: configuration ) translationController?.delegate = self translationController?.scheduleOverlayTranslation( .toIndex(0), velocity: .zero, animated: false ) } private func loadOverlayViews() { guard !viewControllers.isEmpty else { return } groundView.isHidden = viewControllers.count == 1 var truncatedViewControllers = viewControllers truncatedViewControllers.popLast().flatMap { addChild($0, in: overlayContainerView) } truncatedViewControllers.forEach { addChild($0, in: groundView) } loadTranslationDrivers() } private func loadTranslationDrivers() { guard let translationController = translationController, let overlayController = topViewController else { return } translationDrivers.forEach { $0.clean() } translationDrivers.removeAll() var drivers: [OverlayTranslationDriver] = [] let panGestureDriver = PanGestureOverlayTranslationDriver( translationController: translationController, panGestureRecognizer: overlayPanGesture ) drivers.append(panGestureDriver) let scrollView = drivingScrollView ?? configuration.scrollView(drivingOverlay: overlayController) if let scrollView = scrollView { overlayPanGesture.drivingScrollView = scrollView let driver = ScrollViewOverlayTranslationDriver( translationController: translationController, scrollView: scrollView ) drivers.append(driver) } translationDrivers = drivers } private func setNeedsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate() { needsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate = true viewIfLoaded?.setNeedsLayout() } private func updateOverlayContainerConstraints() { switch style { case .flexibleHeight: overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint?.constant = 0 case .rigid, .expandableHeight: overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint?.constant = configuration.maximumNotchHeight } translationHeightConstraint?.isActive = true overlayContainerViewStyleConstraint?.isActive = true } private func performDeferredTranslations() { translationController?.performDeferredTranslations() } private func setUpPanGesture() { view.addGestureRecognizer(overlayPanGesture) } private func makeConfiguration() -> OverlayContainerConfigurationImplementation { return OverlayContainerConfigurationImplementation( overlayContainerViewController: self ) } private func makePanGesture() -> OverlayTranslationGestureRecognizer { return OverlayTranslationGestureRecognizer() } } extension OverlayContainerViewController: HeightConstraintOverlayTranslationControllerDelegate { private var overlayPresentationController: OverlayContainerPresentationController? { guard isPresentedInsideAnOverlayContainerPresentationController else { return nil } return oc_findPresentationController(OverlayContainerPresentationController.self) } // MARK: - HeightOverlayTranslationControllerDelegate func translationController(_ translationController: OverlayTranslationController, didMoveOverlayToNotchAt index: Int) { guard let controller = topViewController else { return } delegate?.overlayContainerViewController(self, didMoveOverlay: controller, toNotchAt: index) overlayPresentationController?.overlayContainerViewController( self, didMoveOverlay: controller, toNotchAt: index ) } func translationController(_ translationController: OverlayTranslationController, willMoveOverlayToNotchAt index: Int) { guard let controller = topViewController else { return } delegate?.overlayContainerViewController(self, willMoveOverlay: controller, toNotchAt: index) overlayPresentationController?.overlayContainerViewController( self, willMoveOverlay: controller, toNotchAt: index ) } func translationControllerWillStartDraggingOverlay(_ translationController: OverlayTranslationController) { guard let controller = topViewController else { return } delegate?.overlayContainerViewController( self, willStartDraggingOverlay: controller ) overlayPresentationController?.overlayContainerViewController( self, willStartDraggingOverlay: controller ) } func translationController(_ translationController: OverlayTranslationController, willEndDraggingAtVelocity velocity: CGPoint) { guard let controller = topViewController else { return } delegate?.overlayContainerViewController( self, willEndDraggingOverlay: controller, atVelocity: velocity ) overlayPresentationController?.overlayContainerViewController( self, willEndDraggingOverlay: controller, atVelocity: velocity ) } func translationController(_ translationController: OverlayTranslationController, willTranslateOverlayWith transitionCoordinator: OverlayContainerTransitionCoordinator) { guard let controller = topViewController else { return } if transitionCoordinator.isAnimated { overlayTranslationContainerView.layoutIfNeeded() } transitionCoordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: { [weak self] context in self?.updateOverlayContainerConstraints() self?.overlayTranslationContainerView.layoutIfNeeded() }, completion: nil) delegate?.overlayContainerViewController( self, willTranslateOverlay: controller, transitionCoordinator: transitionCoordinator ) overlayPresentationController?.overlayContainerViewController( self, willTranslateOverlay: controller, transitionCoordinator: transitionCoordinator ) } func translationControllerDidScheduleTranslations(_ translationController: OverlayTranslationController) { setNeedsOverlayContainerHeightUpdate() } func overlayViewController(for translationController: OverlayTranslationController) -> UIViewController? { return topViewController } } ```
Olszanka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Wyszków and north-east of Warsaw. References Villages in Wyszków County
This is the discography of Geffen Records and its sister label DGC Records. 1980s 1980 Donna Summer - The Wanderer John Lennon/Yoko Ono - Double Fantasy 1981 Elton John - The Fox Quarterflash - Quarterflash Yoko Ono - Season of Glass Donna Summer - I'm a Rainbow (This album was recorded for Geffen Records in 1981, but shelved and not released until 1996 on Mercury/Casablanca Records) 1982 Sammy Hagar - Standing Hampton Original Cast - Dreamgirls Asia - Asia John Hiatt - All of a Sudden Greg Copeland - Revenge Will Come Peter Gabriel - Security Elton John - Jump Up! Adrian Gurvitz - Classic Preview - Preview Original Cast - Cats (Original London Cast) Neil Young - Trans Joni Mitchell - Wild Things Run Fast Original Cast - The Little Shop of Horrors Sammy Hagar - Three Lock Box Ric Ocasek - Beatitude John Lennon - The John Lennon Collection Donna Summer - Donna Summer 1983 Original Cast - Cats (Selections From The Original Broadway Cast) Original Cast - Cats (Original Broadway Cast) Mac McAnally - Nothing but the Truth Peter Gabriel - Peter Gabriel (reissue) Berlin - Pleasure Victim Planet P Project - Planet P Project Oxo - Oxo The Plimsouls - Everywhere at Once Madness - Madness Wang Chung - Points on the Curve Debra Hurd - Debra Hurd Elton John - Too Low for Zero Joan Rivers - What Becomes a Semi-Legend Most? Asia - Alpha Jr. Tucker - Jr. Tucker Quarterflash - Take Another Picture Peter Gabriel - Peter Gabriel Plays Live Neil Young - Everybody's Rockin' Jennifer Holliday - Feel My Soul Monte Video - Monte Video Was (Not Was) - Born to Laugh at Tornadoes John Hiatt - Riding with the King Irene Cara - What a Feelin' Preview - Preview 1984 Whitesnake - Slide It In Madness - Keep Moving Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve - Through the Fire Berlin - Love Life Don Henley - Building the Perfect Beast XTC - Mummer Australian Crawl - Semantics Siouxsie and the Banshees - Hyæna Elton John - Breaking Hearts XTC - White Music (reissue) XTC - Go 2 (reissue) XTC - Drums and Wires (reissue) XTC - Black Sea (reissue) XTC - English Settlement (reissue) XTC - Waxworks: Some Singles 1977-1982 (reissue) The Sylvers - Bizarre Donna Summer - Cats Without Claws Black 'N Blue - Black 'N Blue Eric Carmen - Eric Carmen Sammy Hagar - VOA Original Soundtrack - Gremlins EP A Drop in the Gray - Certain Sculptures Siouxsie and the Banshees - The Scream (reissue) Siouxsie and the Banshees - Join Hands (reissue) Siouxsie and the Banshees - Kaleidoscope (reissue) Siouxsie and the Banshees - A Kiss in the Dreamhouse (reissue) Siouxsie and the Banshees - Juju (reissue) Siouxsie and the Banshees - Once Upon a Time: The Singles (reissue) Siouxsie and the Banshees - Nocturne (reissue) Tom Robinson - Hope and Glory XTC - The Big Express 1985 John Hiatt - Warming Up to the Ice Age Shooting Star - Silent Scream Vitamin Z - Rites of Passage Van Zant - Van Zant Lone Justice - Lone Justice The Style Council - Internationalists Original Soundtrack - The Cotton Club Original Soundtrack - Vision Quest Lloyd Cole and the Commotions - Rattlesnakes Original Broadway Recording - Whoopi Goldberg Adam Bomb - Fatal Attraction Illusion - Illusion Neil Young - Old Ways Peter Gabriel - Music from the Film "Birdy" Mummy Calls - Mummy Calls Asia - Astra Jennifer Holliday - Say You Love Me (album) Joni Mitchell - Dog Eat Dog (album) Black N' Blue - Without Love Gary Myrick - Stand for Love Elton John - Ice on Fire Quarterflash - Back into Blue Madness - Mad Not Mad Original Soundtrack - Silverado Wang Chung - To Live and Die in L.A. (Soundtrack) Kitarō - Astral Voyage (reissue) Kitarō - Full Moon Story (reissue) Kitarō - Millennia (reissue) Kitarō - India (reissue) Kitarō - Silver Cloud (reissue) Kitarō - Asia (reissue) 1986 Peter Gabriel - So Jimmy Barnes - Jimmy Barnes Tommy Keene - Songs from the Film Aerosmith - Done with Mirrors Siouxsie and the Banshees - Tinderbox Lloyd Cole & the Commotions - Easy Pieces Kitarō - Toward the West Ish - On this Corner Pat Metheny/Ornette Coleman - Song X Lyle Mays - Lyle Mays Ric Ocasek - This Side of Paradise Models - Out of Mind, Out of Sight Esquire - Esquire The Style Council - Home and Abroad Bill Cosby - Those of You With or Without Children, You'll Understand Peter Case - Peter Case Neil Young - Landing on Water Dazz Band - Wild & Free Black N' Blue - Nasty Nasty Kitarō - Tenku Elton John - Leather Jackets Wang Chung - Mosaic It Bites - The Big Lad in the Windmill XTC - Skylarking Gene Loves Jezebel - Discover Chameleons UK - Strange Times Tesla - Mechanical Resonance Berlin - Count Three & Pray Lone Justice - Shelter Debbie Harry - Rockbird Ray Parker Jr. - After Dark Original Soundtrack - Little Shop of Horrors Sammy Hagar - Looking Back Tommy Keene - Run Now Jesse's Gang - Center of Attraction Slayer - Reign in Blood 1987 Tom Scott - The Lonesome Sound Victoria Williams - Happy Come Home Vaneese Thomas - Vaneese Thomas Y&T - Contagious Ezo - EZO Sammy Hagar - I Never Said Goodbye Little America - Little America Pat Metheny Group - Still Life (Talking) Jimmy Barnes - Freight Train Heart John Wetton & Phil Manzanera - Wetton/Manzanera Siouxsie and the Banshees - Through the Looking Glass Whitesnake - Whitesnake Guns N' Roses - Appetite for Destruction Fuzzbox - We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It Jennifer Holliday - Get Close to My Love Original Cast - Les Misérables John White - Night People Elton John - Elton John's Greatest Hits Vol. III: 1979-1987 Neil Young & Crazy Horse - Life Nitzer Ebb - That Total Age Geoffrey Downes & the New Dance Orchestra - The Light Program Robbie Robertson - Robbie Robertson Original Soundtrack - Innerspace Aerosmith - Permanent Vacation Kitarō - The Light of the Spirit Cher - Cher Gene Loves Jezebel - Promise Whitesnake - Come an' Get It (reissue) Whitesnake - Live...In the Heart of the City (reissue) Dukes of Stratosphear - Chips from the Chocolate Fireball Gene Loves Jezebel - The House of the Dolls Donna Summer- All Systems Go 1988 Joni Mitchell - Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm Whitesnake - Saints & Sinners (reissue) Whitesnake - Snakebite (reissue) Whitesnake - Trouble (reissue) Whitesnake - Lovehunter (reissue) Various Artists - Scream: The Compilation Danny Wilde - Any Man's Hunger Black 'N Blue - In Heat 3 - To the Power of Three The Sun & The Moon - Sun & The Moon Original Cast - Follies Virginia Astley - Hope in a Darkened Heart Vitamin Z - Sharp Stone Rain Berlin - The Best of Berlin, 1979-1988 Jimmy Page - Outrider It Bites - Once Around the World John Kilzer - Memory in the Making Mac McAnally - Finish Lines Edie Brickell & the New Bohemians - Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars Rock City Angels - Young Man's Blues Steve Forbert - Streets of This Town Kylie Minogue - Kylie Guns N' Roses - G N' R Lies The 7A3 - Coolin' in Cali The Toll - The Price of Progression Original Soundtrack - Beetlejuice Slayer - South of Heaven Lyle Mays - Street Dreams Siouxsie and the Banshees - Peepshow Peter Gabriel - Passion: Music for The Last Temptation of Christ Kitarō - Ten Years Danzig - Danzig 7A3 - Coolin' in Cali Guns N' Roses - Appetite for Destruction (clean) 1989 Masters of Reality - Masters of Reality Blue Murder - Blue Murder Nitzer Ebb - Belief Andrew Dice Clay - Dice Wolfsbane - Live Fast, Die Fast Stan Ridgway - Mosquitos Don Henley - The End of the Innocence XTC - Oranges and Lemons Christopher Williams - Adventures in Paradise Tommy Keene - Based on Happy Times Wang Chung - The Warmer Side of Cool Nikki - Nikki Tesla - The Great Radio Controversy Junkyard - Junkyard Michael Thompson Band - Michael Thompson Band Little America - Fairgrounds David Peaston - Introducing David Peaston Maria McKee - Maria McKee EZO - Fire Fire Fuzzbox - Big Bang! Chris Rea - The Best of Chris Rea: New Light Through Old Windows Enya - Watermark Various Artists - Greenpeace: Rainbow Warriors Peter Case - The Man with the Blue Post-Modern Fragmented Neo-Traditionalist Guitar Cher - Heart of Stone Pat Metheny Group - Letter from Home Rickie Lee Jones - Flying Cowboys John Hiatt - Y'all Caught? The Ones That Got Away 1979-1985 Tommy Bolin - The Ultimate: The Best of Tommy Bolin Whitesnake - Slip of the Tongue Was (Not Was) - Born to Laugh at Tornadoes Aerosmith - Pump 1990s 1990 Conway Twitty - Crazy in Love(Music Video Only) Kitarō - Kojiki Lori Carson - Shelter Olivia Newton-John - Warm and Tender Gene Loves Jezebel - Kiss of Life It Bites - Eat Me in St. Louis Hanoi Rocks - Bangkok Shocks, Saigon Shakes, Hanoi Rocks Hanoi Rocks - Oriental Beat Hanoi Rocks - Self Destruction Blues Hanoi Rocks - Back to Mystery City Hanoi Rocks - All Those Wasted Years: Live at the Marquee Trouble - Trouble Salty Dog - Every Dog Has Its Day Original Cast - Miss Saigon Kylie Minogue - Enjoy Yourself Shadowland - Shadowland The Creatures - Boomerang Chris Rea - The Road to Hell The Sundays - Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic Black Crowes - Shake Your Money Maker Don Dokken - Up From The Ashes Thunder - Backstreet Symphony Lock Up - Something Bitchin' This Way Comes Death Angel - Act III Danzig - Danzig II: Lucifuge Gutterboy - Gutterboy Y&T - Ten Nitzer Ebb - Showtime Warrior Soul - Last Decade Dead Century Shadowland - Beauty of Escaping Andrew Dice Clay - The Day the Laughter Died Little Caesar - Little Caesar Tesla - Five Man Acoustical Jam Nelson - After the Rain John Doe - Meet John Doe Willi Jones - Willi Jones Silk Tymes Leather - It Ain't Where Ya From...It's Where Ya At Pat Metheny, Dave Holland, Roy Haynes - Question and Answer Original Soundtrack - Days of Thunder Brothers Figaro - Gypsy Beat Notorious - Notorious Sonic Youth - Goo Asia - Then & Now 1991 Cher - Love Hurts Apollo Smile - Apollo Smile Joni Mitchell - Night Ride Home Robbie Robertson - Storyville Edie Brickell & New Bohemians - Ghost of a Dog The Posies - Dear 23 Northside - Chicken Rhythms Slayer - Seasons in the Abyss The Simpsons - The Simpsons Sing the Blues Original Soundtrack - Mermaids I, Napoleon - I, Napoleon The Throbs - The Language of Thieves and Vagabonds Tyketto - Don't Come Easy Junkyard - Sixes, Sevens & Nines Copyright - © John Kilzer - Busman's Holiday Kitarō - Live in America Bill Cosby - Oh, Baby! Galactic Cowboys - Galactic Cowboys Tesla - Psychotic Supper Warrior Soul - Drugs, God and the New Republic Michael W. Smith - Go West Young Man Peter Gabriel - Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats Guns N' Roses - Use Your Illusion I Guns N' Roses - Use Your Illusion II Nirvana - Nevermind Neil Young - Lucky Thirteen Yasmin - Yasmin 1992 Arc Angels - Arc Angels Peter Gabriel - Us Nirvana - Incesticide Thunder - Laughing on Judgement Day Little Caesar - Influence Izzy Stradlin and the Ju Ju Hounds Warrior Soul - Salutations from the Ghetto Nation Jackyl - Jackyl Roxy Blue - Want Some? Cher - Greatest Hits: 1965–1992 (non-US release) 1993 Blue Murder - Nothin' But Trouble Coverdale/Page - Coverdale•Page Galactic Cowboys - Space In Your Face Counting Crows - August and Everything After St. Johnny - Speed Is Dreaming Nirvana - In Utero Eleanor McEvoy - Eleanor McEvoy (album) Guns N' Roses - "The Spaghetti Incident?" Duff McKagan - Believe in Me Pariah - To Mock a Killingbird Warrior Soul - Chill Pill Phantom Blue - Built to Perform Aerosmith - Get a Grip Noa - Noa Various Artists - The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience 1994 Weezer - Weezer Aerosmith - Big Ones Pride & Glory - Pride & Glory Tesla - Bust a Nut Whitesnake - Whitesnake's Greatest Hits Jackyl - Push Comes to Shove Sammy Hagar - Unboxed Peter Gabriel - Secret World Live Slash's Snakepit - It's Five O'Clock Somewhere Eagles - Hell Freezes Over Nirvana - Unplugged in New York Hole - Live Through This 1995 Lisa Loeb & Nine Stories - Tails Don Henley - Actual Miles: Henley's Greatest Hits Tesla - Times Makin' Changes - The Best of Tesla GZA - Liquid Swords 1996 Beck - Odelay Counting Crows - Recovering the Satellites Nirvana - From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah Manowar - Louder Than Hell Weezer - Pinkerton 1997 10,000 Maniacs - Love Among the Ruins Wang Chung - Everybody Wang Chung Tonight: Wang Chung's Greatest Hits Bloodhound Gang - One Fierce Beer Coaster Lisa Loeb - Firecracker Southern Culture on the Skids - Plastic Seat Sweat Quarterflash - Harden My Heart: The Best of Quarterflash 60ft. Dolls - The Big 3 Snot - Get Some Whiskeytown - Strangers Almanac 1998 Beck - Mutations Aerosmith - A Little South of Sanity Counting Crows - Across a Wire: Live in New York City Izzy Stradlin - 117" Killah Priest - Heavy Mental Jackyl - Choice Cuts Whiskeytown - Faithless Street (reissue) Pitchshifter - www.pitchshifter.com Pure Sugar - Pure Sugar Hole - Celebrity Skin Rob Zombie - Hellbilly Deluxe Phantom Planet - Phantom Planet Is Missing 1999 Counting Crows - This Desert Life Izzy Stradlin - Ride On 2000's 2000 Lifehouse - No Name Face Guns N' Roses - Live Era '87-'93 Cold - 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage 2001 Weezer - Weezer 2002 Lifehouse - Stanley Climbfall Weezer - Maladroit Trust Company - The Lonely Position of Neutral Counting Crows - Hard Candy Peter Gabriel - Up Beck - Sea Change Cinder - Soul Creation [Single] Nirvana - Nirvana The Bathroom Wall - Jimmy Fallon 2003 Blink-182 - Blink-182 Lo-Pro - Lo-Pro 2004 The Cure - The Cure (I AM/Geffen) Ashlee Simpson - Autobiography Rise Against - Siren Song of the Counter Culture Papa Roach - Getting Away with Murder 2005 Lifehouse - Lifehouse The Starting Line - Based on a True Story Weezer - Make Believe Common - Be (GOOD/Geffen) Shaggy - Clothes Drop Ashlee Simpson - I Am Me Blink-182 - Greatest Hits Mary J. Blige - The Breakthrough 2006 Angels & Airwaves - We Don't Need to Whisper (Suretone/Geffen) Rise Against - The Sufferer & the Witness Papa Roach - The Paramour Sessions The Game - Doctor's Advocate Snoop Dogg - Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Nelly Furtado - Loose (Mosley/Geffen) 2007 Lifehouse - Who We Are Common - Finding Forever (GOOD/Geffen) Angels & Airwaves - I-Empire (Suretone/Geffen) Mary J. Blige - Growing Pains (Geffen) Keyshia Cole - Just Like You (Interscope/Geffen/Confidential) 2008 The Cure - 4:13 Dream (I AM/Geffen) Kardinal Offishall - Not 4 Sale (KonLive/Black Jays/Geffen) Snoop Dogg - Ego Trippin' (Doggystyle/Geffen) Solange Knowles - Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (Music World/Geffen) The Game - LAX (Black Wall Street/Geffen) Guns N' Roses - Chinese Democracy (Geffen) Ashlee Simpson - Bittersweet World (Geffen) Common - Universal Mind Control (GOOD/Geffen) Tesla - Forever More (Geffen) Keyshia Cole - A Different Me (Geffen) Shirley Bassey - The Performance (Geffen) 2009 Orianthi - Believe (Geffen) Weezer - Raditude (DGC/Interscope/Geffen) 2010s 2010 Keyshia Cole - Calling All Hearts (Geffen) Lifehouse - Smoke & Mirrors (Geffen) The Like - Release Me (Geffen) 2011 Greyson Chance - Hold On 'til the Night (eleveneleven/Maverick/Geffen/Streamline) The Game - The R.E.D. Album (Black Wall Street/DGC) Robin Thicke - Love After War (Star Trak/Geffen) 2012 Keyshia Cole - Woman to Woman (Geffen/Interscope) Lifehouse - Almería (Geffen) The Game - Jesus Piece (Black Wall Street/DGC) 2018 Yungblud - 21st Century Liability (Locomotion/Geffen/Interscope) Jacob Collier - Djesse Vol. 1 (Hajanga/Geffen/Decca) 2019 DJ Snake - Carte Blanche (Geffen) Gryffin - Gravity (Darkroom/Geffen) Jacob Collier - Djesse Vol. 2 (Hajanga/Geffen/Decca) 2020s 2020 Lil Durk - Just Cause Y'all Waited 2 (Only the Family/Alamo/Geffen) Smokepurpp - Florida Jit (Alamo/Geffen) Hotboii - Double O Baby (Geffen/Interscope/Rebel/Hitmaker/22) Lil Durk - The Voice (Only the Family/Alamo/Geffen) 2021 Smokepurpp - PSYCHO (Legally Insane) EP (Alamo/Geffen) Olivia Rodrigo - Sour (Geffen) SpotemGottem - Most Wanted (Rebel/Geffen) Lil Huddy - Teenage Heartbreak (Immersive/Sandlot/Geffen) Hotboii - Life Of A Hotboii (Rebel/Hitmaker/22/Geffen) Ann Marie - Hate Love (Geffen) SpotemGottem - Back From The Dead (Rebel/Geffen) 2022 Yeat - 2 Alive (Geffen/Field Trip/Twizzy Rich) 2023 Olivia Rodrigo - Guts (Geffen) Unreleased albums Large Professor - The LP Shirley Bassey - The Performance (Geffen) References Discographies of American record labels
WSB may refer to: Broadcasting WSB (AM), a radio station (750 AM) licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, United States WSB-FM, a radio station (98.5 FM) licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, United States WSB-TV, a television station (channel 32, virtual 2) licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, United States WSB-TV tower WSBB-FM, a radio simulcast of WSB (AM) (95.5 FM) licensed to Doraville, Georgia, United States People William Seward Burroughs I, inventor of a calculating machine William S. Burroughs, popular writer from the Beat Generation and son of the above William S. Burroughs Jr., son of the above Sports and games World Series Baseball (disambiguation), a video game series published by Sega World Series of Boxing World SuperBike, another name for the Superbike World Championship Other uses r/wallstreetbets, an investing subreddit on Reddit Weak Stability Boundary, a low energy transfer that allows spacecraft to change orbits using very little fuel World Scout Bureau, a division of the World Organization of the Scout Movement World Security Bureau, a fictional intelligence agency on the long-running soap opera General Hospital WSB Universities, group of private universities in Poland WSB University in Dąbrowa Górnicza in Poland Wynental- und Suhrentalbahn, a former narrow gauge railway company in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland
AeroSvit Airlines private stock company (), operating as AeroSvit — Ukrainian Airlines / АероСвіт, was a Ukrainian private airline. Its head office was on the grounds of the Boryspil International Airport in Boryspil. Aerosvit Ukrainian Airlines was a member of IATA and an IATA IOSA certified carrier. Its main base was the Boryspil Airport. The airline was established in March 1994 and started operations in April the same year with international flights from Kyiv in co-operation with Air Ukraine. , Aerosvit was the largest carrier in Ukraine. Bankruptcy procedures began in January 2013, and in February 2013, AeroSvit ceased operations. History Early years The airline was established on 25 March 1994, and started operations in that year with flights from Kyiv to Athens, Larnaca, Tel Aviv, Odesa and Thessaloniki in co-operation with Air Ukraine. In the same year, the carrier started dry-leasing some Boeing 737-200s in connection with the addition of Moscow into the route network. In 1995, new scheduled flights from Kyiv to Almaty, Ashgabad, and Riga were launched, laying the foundations for it to become a transit airline. In 1996, Yekaterinburg, Kharkiv, Lviv, and Simferopol were added to the airline's network. Also in 1996, the airline became a member of the International Air Transport Association (IATA). By 1997, Aerosvit Airlines became a member of IATA Clearing House and purchased its first Boeing 737-200 aircraft. By 1999, Aerosvit had acquired a third Boeing 737-200 aircraft and scheduled flights to Budapest, Sofia and Istanbul were launched. Post-millennium expansion and reorganisation In 2000, two more Boeing 737-300 aircraft joined Aerosvit Airlines' fleet. Scheduled flights to Prague and Warsaw were launched, and Aerosvit Airlines carried more passengers than any other Ukrainian airline (over the calendar year). In 2002, a further three Boeing 737-500 aircraft joined the fleet, as also did the first Boeing 767-300ER — a 350-seater machine that previously belonged to SAS — on a long-term lease from Boeing Capital, aimed at starting operations to Bangkok. The airliner became the first Western-built wide-body one to be operated by a Ukrainian carrier. Also in 2002, Aerosvit took over the long-haul services previously operated by Air Ukraine. The Kyiv–New York–Kyiv route was launched in 2003 with a twice weekly service. Later that year, flights to Toronto and Delhi began. In this year, the airline also carried its second millionth passenger. Soon after JAR-145 certification for performing in house maintenance works in accordance with the European Joint Aviation Authorities' requirements was received. With the onset of 2004, Aerosvit increased the number of weekly flights it operated to Bangkok to three and an additional Boeing 737-300 was added to the fleet. Route expansion continued as before, and over the course of the year the number of Aerosvit-operated domestic flights across Ukraine expanded to eleven destinations. However, expansion did not just take place on the domestic market, as Aerosvit introduced new routes from its base in Kyiv, to Beijing, Baku, Chisinau, Cairo, and St. Petersburg. Finally, in 2004, Aerosvit Ukrainian Airlines became the official air carrier of the National Olympic team of Ukraine for the XXVIII Olympic Summer Games held in 2004 in Athens. Aerosvit's ninth Boeing 737 mid-haul aircraft started operating in 2005, with a tenth being added to the fleet soon after. In the same year, e-ticketing was launched on the route New York-Kyiv and Aerosvit Ukrainian Airlines and Azerbaijan Airlines started code-sharing on the Kyiv-Baku route. In 2006, the carrier became the worldwide in passing the IATA Operational Safety Audit. In that year, Naples was added to the route network, and in the Kyiv–Vilnius and Simferopol–Vilnius routes were launched in codeshare agreement with Lithuania's national carrier flyLAL. In , Aerosvit was the first airline to operate both inbound and outbound passenger flights at Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport. and in , the airline celebrated the six-millionth passenger carried since it started operations. In 2007, due to cooperation with Delta Air Lines, the number of destinations in the United States increased, allowing onward travel from New York to cities such as Los Angeles and Portland. It was in the same year that Aerosvit Ukrainian Airlines and Donbassaero began to build (at the initiative of their joint main shareholder Privat Group) the strategic alliance Ukrainian Aviation Group. Also, in this year, the fleet was supplemented with a third long haul aircraft Boeing 767 and eleventh and twelfth mid-range Boeing 737s, whilst the start of code share flights with Belavia on the Kyiv-Minsk route took place. In , it was announced that a contract was signed with Boeing for the acquisition of seven Boeing 737-800s and purchase rights for another seven; in a deal valued at more than million, the operation marked the company's first direct purchase of aircraft since its foundation. These new aircraft would replace the airline's 13-strong Boeing 737 Classic fleet; the first of them was handed over by the manufacturer in . In , the airline began the commercialisation of e-tickets on its website. At the beginning of 2008, flights from Kyiv to Tbilisi and Almaty were launched by Aerosvit, E-ticketing was introduced on all Aerosvit scheduled flights, and Aerosvit Airlines again became the official air carrier of the Ukrainian National Olympic team for the XXIX Olympic Games held in Beijing. In , Aerosvit acquired a 70-seater Antonov An-148, which was deployed on domestic routes in ; the first international revenue flight for the type with the airline took place in that year, covering the Odesa–Moscow route. Also in , the carrier launched scheduled flights to Astana and Riga. The Ukrainian Aviation Group and modern era In 2010, Aerosvit added a second Antonov 148 aircraft to its fleet and new routes including Odesa-Kaliningrad, Simferopol-Kaliningrad, Donetsk-Saint Petersburg, Odesa-Riga, and Dnipro-Berlin were opened (largely with the cooperation of its sister companies Dniproavia and Donbassaero) by the carrier. An Odesa-Milan code-share route was launched. Dniproavia, having come into the Privat Group's business portfolio, joined the Ukrainian Aviation Group. During 2010, the airline opened 21 new international routes, including Bucharest and Yerevan, and signed a codeshare agreement with Hainan Airlines that covered operations on the Kyiv–Beijing route. Ho Chi Minh City was added to the route network in , becoming the first direct air link between Ukraine and Vietnam. Aerosvit took delivery of its first Boeing 737-800 in March 2012. Additionally, Aerosvit signed a contract with Boeing for delivery of 4 Boeing 737-900ER aircraft in 2013-2014, and a fourth Boeing 767 was added to the fleet. In the first quarter of 2012, the airline received the first of its ordered Embraer 190 aircraft, with deliveries continuing into 2013 or 2014. As of 25 March 2012, as a result of the Anti-monopoly committee of Ukraine's decision to allow the consolidation of the Ukrainian Aviation Group's physical and operational assets, Donbassaero and Dniproavia no longer operate flights with their own codes, but rather on behalf of their parent company Aerosvit. By June 2012, the airline introduced their first Embraer 190. All Embraer 190 are ordered and operated by the partner-airline Dniproavia. Financial difficulties and downfall Boryspil International Airport's suspension of Aerosvit flights in , and a clash over a RUB 95 million debt with Sheremetyevo International Airport late that year indicated Aerosvit's financial weakness. , debt was million (around €403 million), thrice the value of company assets (€138.7 million, ). The airline had not reported the 2012 results, but losses mounted to ₴ 1,456 billion in 2011, a threefold increase year-on-year. Aerosvit's last profitable year was 2007. On 29 December 2012, Aerosvit filed for bankruptcy but intended to restructure and continue to operate. Large minority shareholders claimed they were not informed about the filing. Days prior to initiating the legal procedure, Aerosvit disclosed plans to transfer a number of its international routes to Ukraine International Airlines. After the bankruptcy proceedings were announced, the carrier's aircraft were detained at various airports, leaving hundreds of passengers stranded. In mid-, Rosaviatsia stated that it would ban the airline over a million debt; late that month, Russia barred the airline from operating in its territory. , the company stated that all the Boeing 737s were being returned to the lessors, as well as one Boeing 767. It was disclosed in mid- that the company planned to cut about 1,800 jobs by , including all the Boeing 737-related staff that had already been dismissed. Despite indications in mid- that Aerosvit would continue to fly between Kyiv and Bangkok, Beijing, Dnipro, Ivano-Frankivsk and New York, the suspension of medium- and short-haul routes was announced, with plans to reestablish services to Bangkok, Beijing and New York in ; however, , the airline ceased long-haul services as well. Part of Aerosvit's fleet was transferred to Ukraine International Airlines. Destinations Codeshare agreements Aerosvit codeshared with the following airlines (as of December 2012): Fleet , Aerosvit Airlines had no active aircraft in its fleet. The airline operated the following aircraft throughout its history: Airbus A320-200 Antonov An-148 Antonov An-24RV Antonov An-24B ATR 72-200 Embraer 190 Boeing 737-200 Boeing 737-300 Boeing 737-400 Boeing 737-500 Boeing 737-700 Boeing 737-800 Boeing 767-300ER Tupolev Tu-134 Domestic flights Since 2002, AeroSvit Airlines executed the social priority program of domestic, intra-Ukrainian air carriage, operating scheduled flights that connect Dnipro, Odesa, and Simferopol’ with the capital of Ukraine. In 2003-2004, AeroSvit Airlines' domestic network expanded to Donetsk, Kharkiv, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. With the domestic flights program, flight safety, high regularity of flights, and a high level of service all became priority areas. Special standards of domestic flights were developed, such as making special menus available on all flights. In 2004 establishment of close cooperation with other Ukrainian airlines supplemented AeroSvit Airlines' own route network with such destinations as Uzhgorod, Chernivtsi, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia. AeroSvit and its Ukrainian Aviation Group partners flew to the Ukrainian cities of Donetsk, Odesa, Simferopol, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Uzhgorod, Chernivtsi, Luhansk, and Sevastopol. Non-scheduled (charter) flights Another area of focus for AeroSvit Airlines was non-scheduled or charter, air carriage. From 1994-2004, AeroSvit Airlines organized charter programs and performed single ad hoc flights for various customers. Aerosvit's charter activities began with summer-only flights to the Greek island of Crete. Since 1998, AeroSvit Airlines had increased its charter flights offerings. In 1998, the first flights to Antalya (Turkey) began. In early 1999, AeroSvit Airlines opened a new charter route to Hurghada (Egypt). Since 1999, new charter flights to Bulgaria, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Tunis, and other countries had been added. AeroSvit Airlines increased its volume of charter air carriage considerably. In addition to flights to traditional summer resorts, AeroSvit Airlines flew to winter skiing resorts in Austria, France, Finland, Turkey, and Slovakia. After AeroSvit Airlines added Boeing 767-300ER's to its fleet, charter flights to the Maldives, Tenerife, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia and other locales were added. Traffic and statistics Corporate affairs and identity Subsidiaries Dniproavia, an airline headquartered in Dnipro, which participated in the Ukrainian Aviation Group and operated flights under Aerosvit's VV code. Donbassaero, was an airline headquartered in Donetsk, which participated in the Ukrainian Aviation Group and operated scheduled flights under Aerosvit's VV code. Liveries and logo Aerosvit's last livery was a Euro-white scheme, comprising a white fuselage with the blue Aerosvit title and design. The tail was white with a blue bird wing inside the yellow circle and the small Ukrainian flag at the top. The wing became a symbol of the company and inspired the name of Aerosvit Airlines. In 2011, a common Alliance livery was unveiled. International cooperation AeroSvit was a member of the following international organizations: International Air Transport Association (IATA), including BSP Association of European Airlines (AEA) European Business Association (EBA) U.S.-Ukraine Business Council (USUBC) International Chamber of Commerce in Ukraine (ICCU) Kyiv Chamber of Commerce and Industry Association of Ukrainian-Chinese Cooperation (AUCC) Incidents and accidents On 17 December 1997, Aerosvit Flight 241, a Yakovlev Yak-42, crashed near Thessaloniki, Greece; all 62 passengers and 8 crew members died. See also List of airlines of Ukraine Transport in Ukraine References External links Official website at archive.org Defunct airlines of Ukraine Airlines established in 1994 Airlines disestablished in 2013 Ukrainian brands Privat Group Ukrainian companies established in 1994 2013 disestablishments in Ukraine
Kranjska Gora Ski Resort is Slovenia's oldest ski resort at Kranjska Gora, Upper Carniola, opened in 1948. It is divided into five different sections under the Vitranc Mountain, streched throughout the whole valley of the same name municipality: Mojstrana, Kranjska Gora, Planica, Podkoren 1, and Podkoren 2. It has a total of of ski slopes, tracks for cross-country skiing, and Snow Fun Park. Since 1961, resort is hosting Vitranc Cup, one of the oldest and most prestigious active alpine skiing competitions in the world, and being classic regular World Cup host since 1968 season. "Podkoren 3", which is hosting World Cup events since 1983, is the steepest and most difficult groomed ski course in Slovenia with maximum incline at 30.5° degrees (59%). History 1948: First ski lift in Slovenia On 29 November 1948, first ever Slovenian ski resort and lift (surface) was officially opened at "Preseka" slope. It was 960 m long and 265 m different height, with lift capacity of 170 skiers per hour. 1961: Vitranc Cup premiere On 4–5 March 1961, first Vitranc Cup was held with men's giant slalom and slalom, both international "FIS 1A" events. Josef Stiegler (AUT) won GS and Ernst Falch (AUT) won SL next day. Start of first GS was at 1,552 metres, just under the top of Vitranc Mountain with Finish at 1,035 metres on the route of notorious "Bukovnik downhill". It was so steep, dangerous and scary, that it was too much even for the best skilled skiers in world. The whole upper slope was compared and known as "harakiri with acceleration". Even worse than Streif downhill course in Kitzbühel. 1968: World Cup debut On 10 March 1968, Kranjska Gora hosted first World Cup event at old extra demanding and steep course above ex gas station. French skier Patrick Russel won the World Cup slalom. 1982: Record attendance On 20 March 1982, domestic superhero Bojan Križaj took first ever World Cup victory for Slovenia in home country, winning SL by beating legendary Ingemar Stenmark, with record attendance of 32,000 people. Until this day this is still the most attended alpine ski competition in Slovenia ever. It is part of Slovenian sport folklore and popculture, the most famous and worshiped alpine ski event in history of Slovenia. Ski slopes Resort statistics Elevation Summit - , Base - , Ski Terrain - 19 named runs covering around on one mountain, but four different areas. Slope Difficulty - 2 slopes expert - 5 slopes advanced - 8 slopes intermediate - 2 slopes beginner Vertical Drop: Longest Run: "Velika dolina" - Other activities Snow Fun Park/Halfpipe Cross country skiing () Sledding, Bike Park, Tubing (only in summer) & hiking Club5+ In 1986, elite Club5 was originally founded by prestigious classic downhill organizers: Kitzbühel, Wengen, Garmisch, Val d’Isère and Val Gardena/Gröden, with goal to bring alpine ski sport on the highest levels possible. Later over the years other classic longterm organizers joined the now named Club5+: Alta Badia, Cortina, Kranjska Gora, Maribor, Lake Louise, Schladming, Adelboden, Kvitfjell, St.Moritz and Åre. See also Kranjska Gora References External links – Skimap.org – Kranjska Gora FIS World Cup – podium finishers Ski areas and resorts in Slovenia Municipality of Kranjska Gora 1948 establishments in Yugoslavia Sport in the Alps
"Jesus Muzik" is the second single from Lecrae's second studio album, After the Music Stops. It is critically acclaimed and was nominated for two GMA Dove Awards. The song also features fellow Christian hip hop artist Trip Lee. The lyrics discuss the problems with the content of secular hip hop, and the importance for Christians of listening to Christian music to glorify God. Awards In 2007, the song was nominated for a Dove Award for Rap/Hip-Hop Recorded Song of the Year at the 38th GMA Dove Awards. References Cross Movement Records 2006 singles Lecrae songs Reach Records singles 2006 songs Songs about Jesus
Cornelia Hilda Kühn (born 11 December 1944) is an Afrikaans writer known under the pen-name Corlia Fourie. She won the ATKV-prize for the short story anthology Liefde en geweld and the MER prize for Die towersak en ander stories. In 1995, she received the Alba Bouwer Prize. Biography She is the daughter of the writer Mikro (C H Kühn). She writes drama, children's books, short stories and novels. Her drama Moeders en dogters was adapted for television and radio and also presented by Kruik. Books Marianne en die leeu in die pophuis, 1982 Moeders en dogters, 1985/92 Leuens, 1986 En die son skyn in Suid-Afrika, 1986 Die volstruisie wat graag wou vlieg, 1986 Die meisie wat soos 'n bottervoël sing Tintinyane, the girl who sang like a magic bird, 1990 Jakkalsstreke, 1991 Liefde en geweld (kortstories), Tafelberg, 1992 Ganekwane en die groen draak, 1992 Vrou-mens, Verhale deur vroue oor vroue (kompilasie), 1993 Die deurmekaardier, 1993 Sê (kortstories), 1994 Die towersak, 1995 Die oop deur, 1996 Nolito en die wonderwater, 1997 Die wit vlinder, Tafelberg, 1993 Want die lewe is goed – keur uit die werk van Mikro, Lapa, 2003 Ware liefde: bekende Suid-Afrikaanse paartjiesWare liefde: bekende Suid-Afrikaanse paartjies, Human & Rousseau, 2008 Heleen en die heks met die hoofpyn, Protea Boekhuis, 2008 Alle paaie lei deur die strand, LAPA 2008 Die geheime kamer, LAPA 2012 Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, Tafelberg, 1998 3am Thoughts, a collection of poems, short stories and smut, Penguin Books, 2021 References 1944 births Living people Afrikaans-language writers South African children's writers South African women children's writers 20th-century South African women writers 21st-century South African women writers
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), also known as carboxypeptidase H (CPH) and enkephalin convertase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPE gene. This enzyme catalyzes the release of C-terminal arginine or lysine residues from polypeptides. CPE is involved in the biosynthesis of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The production of neuropeptides and peptide hormones typically requires two sets of enzymes that cleave the peptide precursors, which are small proteins. First, proprotein convertases cut the precursor at specific sites to generate intermediates containing C-terminal basic residues (lysine and/or arginine). These intermediates are then cleaved by CPE to remove the basic residues. For some peptides, additional processing steps, such as C-terminal amidation, are subsequently required to generate the bioactive peptide, although for many peptides the action of the proprotein convertases and CPE is sufficient to produce the bioactive peptide. Tissue distribution Carboxypeptidase E is found in brain and throughout the neuroendocrine system, including the endocrine pancreas, pituitary, and adrenal gland chromaffin cells. Within cells, carboxypeptidase E is present in the secretory granules along with its peptide substrates and products. Carboxypeptidase E is a glycoprotein that exists in both membrane-associated and soluble forms. The membrane-binding is due to an amphiphilic α-helix within the C-terminal region of the protein. Species distribution Carboxypeptidase E is found in all species of vertebrates that have been examined, and is also present in many other organisms that have been studied (nematode, sea slug). Carboxypeptidase E is not found in the fruit fly (Drosophila), and another enzyme (presumably carboxypeptidase D) fills in for carboxypeptidase E in this organism. In humans, CPE is encoded by the CPE gene. Function Carboxypeptidase E functions in the production of nearly all neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The enzyme acts as an exopeptidase to activate neuropeptides. It does that by cleaving off basic C-terminal amino acids, producing the active form of the peptide. Products of carboxypeptidase E include insulin, the enkephalins, vasopressin, oxytocin, and most other neuroendocrine peptide hormones and neuropeptides. It has been proposed that membrane-associated carboxypeptidase E acts as a sorting signal for regulated secretory proteins in the trans-Golgi network of the pituitary and in secretory granules; regulated secretory proteins are mostly hormones and neuropeptides. However, this role for carboxypeptidase E remains controversial, and evidence shows that this enzyme is not necessary for the sorting of regulated secretory proteins. Clinical significance Mice with mutant carboxypeptidase E, Cpefat, display endocrine disorders like obesity and infertility. In some strains of mice, the fat mutation also causes hyperproinsulinemia in adult male mice, but this is not found in all strains of mice. The obesity and infertility in the Cpefat mice develop with age; young mice (<8 weeks of age) are fertile and have normal body weight. Peptide processing in Cpefat mice is impaired, with a large accumulation of peptides with C-terminal lysine and/or arginine extensions. Levels of the mature forms of peptides are generally reduced in these mice, but not eliminated. It is thought that a related enzyme (carboxypeptidase D) also contributes to neuropeptide processing and gives rise to the mature peptides in the Cpefat mice. Mutations in the CPE gene are not common within the human population, but have been identified. One patient with extreme obesity (Body Mass Index >50) was found to have a mutation that deleted nearly the entire CPE gene. This patient had intellectual disability (inability to read or write) and had abnormal glucose homeostasis, similar to mice lacking CPE activity. In obesity, high levels of circulating free fatty acids have been reported to cause a decrease in the amount of carboxypeptidase E protein in pancreatic beta-cells, leading to beta-cell dysfunction (hyperproinsulinemia) and increased beta-cell apoptosis (via an increase in ER stress). However, because CPE is not a rate-limiting enzyme for the production of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones, it is not clear how relatively modest decreases in CPE activity can cause physiological effects. See also Carboxypeptidase Carboxypeptidase A References Further reading External links The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M14.005 Proteins EC 3.4.17 Metabolism
COMMUNIA is a thematic project funded by the European Commission within the eContentplus framework addressing theoretical analysis and strategic policy discussion of existing and emerging issues concerning the public domain in the digital environment - as well as related topics, including, but not limited to, alternative forms of licensing for creative material; open access to scientific publications and research results; management of works whose authors are unknown (i.e. orphan works). COMMUNIA effort is aimed at helping to frame the general discourse on and around the public domain in the digital environment by highlighting the challenges arising from the increasingly complex interface between scientific progress, technological innovation, cultural development, socio-economic change on the one hand and the rise and mass deployment/usage of digital technologies in the European information society. Coordinated by Prof. Juan Carlos De Martin of the Politecnico of Torino's NEXA Research Center for Internet and Society, COMMUNIA started its activities on 1 September 2007 and ended on 28 February 2011. The network includes 51 members (initially were 36) - universities, consumer organisations, libraries, archives, non-profit entities, etc. - mostly from the EU, but also from a few overseas countries, such as United States and Brazil, where similar policy discussions are underway. Among its activities, COMMUNIA is organizing several workshops and three International conferences in EU countries, and will produce and disseminate a final strategic report. Under the title "Global Science and the Economics of Knowledge-Sharing Institutions", the Second COMMUNIA International Conference was held in June 2009 in Torino, Italy. The event addressed the conceptual foundations and practical feasibilities of contractually constructed “commons” and related bottom-up public domain initiatives (joint policy guidelines, common standards, institutional policies, etc.) capable of offering shared access to a variety of research resources, identifying models, needs and opportunities for effective initiatives across a diverse range of research areas. The third and final conference was held on 28–30 June 2010 in Torino, Italy, under the title of Universities & Cyberspace: Reshaping Knowledge Institutions for the Networked Age. In several sessions, workshops and keynote speeches, more than 200 attendees from all over the world discussed such issues as: What can universities contribute to the future of the internet? How can our educational institutions promote ideals of free exchange of information yet cope with the complex intellectual property challenges presented by the Net? Video-recordings, papers and other material related to the conference are fully available on the COMMUNIA website. Also, YouTube hosts several videos, including many video-interviews with Conference speakers. Along with on-going activities of its five working groups (particularly finalized to the Project's Final Strategic Report), the COMMUNIA network co-hosted the Free Culture Research Conference (October 8–9, 2010) in Berlin. The COMMUNIA network also drafted the Public Domain Manifesto, a document aimed at "reminding citizens and policy-makers of a common wealth that, since it belongs to all, it is often defended by no-one". The Manifesto has been signed by hundreds of individuals and organizations worldwide, and anybody can sign it. Another initiative launched within the context of COMMUNIA is Public Domain Day: Every year on New Year's Day, due to the expiration of copyright protection terms on works produced by authors who died several decades earlier, thousands of works enter the public domain (differing in the various countries according to their copyright laws). Several events were also planned for January 1, 2011, to celebrate the role of the public domain in our societies. References External links Communia project final report Public Domain Manifesto Public Domain Day Organizations established in 2007 Organizations disestablished in 2010 2007 establishments in the European Union 2010 disestablishments in the European Union Non-profit organisations based in Belgium Intellectual property activism Public domain Orphan works
Khandra College, is the Honours and General Degree College in Khandra, in the Paschim Bardhaman district, West Bengal, India. It offers Undergraduate Courses in Arts, Commerce and Science. It is affiliated to Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol. It was established in 1981. Departments Arts,Commerce and Science English Economics Geography Political Science History Mass Communication Accountancy Finance Taxation Physics Chemistry Zoology Mathematics Accreditation The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). See also References External links Khandra College Kazi Nazrul University University Grants Commission National Assessment and Accreditation Council Colleges affiliated to Kazi Nazrul University Educational institutions established in 1981 Universities and colleges in Paschim Bardhaman district 1981 establishments in West Bengal
Denver and Rio Grande Depot, Denver and Rio Grande Western Depot, Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Depot or Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway Depot may refer to: Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Depot (Grand Junction, Colorado), in Colorado Denver and Rio Grande Depot (Montrose, Colorado), in Colorado Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway Depot (Aztec, New Mexico), in New Mexico Denver and Rio Grande Western Depot (Salt Lake City), in Utah
"D-Day Dawson" is a British comic war story published in the weekly anthology Battle Picture Weekly from 8 March 1975 to 22 January 1977 by IPC Magazines. Set during World War II, the story follows Steve Dawson, a sergeant in the British Army left with an inoperable bullet next to his heart after being shot during the D-Day landings. Creation Battle Picture Weekly co-creator Pat Mills worked with freelance writer Gerry Finley-Day on "D-Day Dawson" for the launch issue of the new IPC Magazines title through 1974. Finley-Day would recall the story was inspired by two principle factors - a TV series Mills remembered about a private eye living on borrowed time, and the wide coverage of the 30th anniversary of D-Day itself in the mainstream media throughout the year. The initial artist was Italian Annibale Casabianca, an employee of the Giolitti art studio. Publishing history The story debuted as the first feature in the first issue of Battle Picture Weekly, cover-dated 8 March 1975, and was told in self-contained three-page episodes. The strip used a succession of different artists - ('Badia' of the Spanish Barden agency and British veterans such as Geoff Campion, Colin Page, Mike Western, Billy Lacey and Jim Watson) and writers (Ron Carpenter, Alan Hebden, Robert Ede, Terry Magee and Eric Hebden). The initial round of stories ended in May 1976, replaced by "Hold Hill 109" and "Rattling Rommel", before returning in August for a final six-month run that concluded the story. The final instalment was written by Eric Hebden and drawn by Jim Watson, and featured in the 99th issue of Battle. While the strip was still popular, editor Dave Hunt reluctantly concluded that the story's chronological nature and the approaching end of World War II in the serial meant "He had to die". Both runs were later reprinted in Battle, between 18 September 1982 and 22 October 1983 and 7 January to 5 May 1984, respectively. The first episode of "D-Day Dawson" was reprinted by Egmont Publishing in a 2009 Classic Comics special edition of Battle Picture Weekly. Since 2016, the rights to the story have been owned by Rebellion Developments. Plot summary After landing in Normandy on 6 June 1944, Sergeant Steve Dawson is shot clearing out a German machine gun nest. A doctor inspects him on a landing craft and finds a bullet is lodged next to his heart and will kill him at some point in the next year. However, before the medic can recommend he is shipped home a shell blows up the landing craft and Dawson is left as the only person aware of his condition. Unable to conscience leaving his brave but raw squad behind, Dawson vows to fight on as long as he can while fighting like a man with nothing to lose. As such he was always quick to volunteer to draw out snipers, tackle flamethrowers or plant explosives as his unit pushes to Arnhem and then on into Germany, earning a Victoria Cross along the way. As they reached the edge of Berlin, Dawson ultimately opted to die on his own terms, and walked into the sea after being assured his men could now look after themselves. Reception Despite what he felt was a tone similar to "the 'straight bat' stories of the War Picture Library", then-Battle assistant editor Steve MacManus would recall "D-Day Dawson" rapidly became the most popular strip in the comic. Journalist John Plunkett of the The Guardian recalled the strip being "one of his favourites" from Battle Picture Weekly. However, in his foreword for reprint collection Battle Classics, comics writer Garth Ennis felt the story was a good initial concept spoilt by repetitive writing. References British comic strips 1975 comics debuts 1977 comics endings Comics set during World War II War comics Comics set in France Comics set in Germany Battle Picture Weekly comic strips
Kyal Reese Marsh (born 16 August 1987) is an Australian former actor and model. He was born in Clare, South Australia. He moved to Melbourne with his family when he was one year old. He is now a managing director in the building industry at Fitzroy Shopfitting & Building in Melbourne. Acting & modelling career Marsh appeared in the television soap opera Neighbours, where he played the regular character Boyd Hoyland, who first featured on the show in June 2002. Before that he worked as a child model, but Neighbours was his first credited acting role. He attended a private school called Wesley College in Melbourne, but dropped out at 15. In April 2005, TV Hits magazine published an interview in which he said that he planned to carry on being in Neighbours for at least three more years. However it became known in early 2007 that his contract will not be renewed and that he finished filming in April 2007. His character left the show for the last time in August 2007. Marsh quit acting after Neighbours. Gymnastics & "Cirque De Celebrite" That summer Marsh moved to the United Kingdom, and in September 2007 he was announced as a cast member for the next series of the Sky One reality show Cirque de Celebrite, which is filmed on Woolwich Common in South East London. Marsh won the series final on 9 December 2007. According to his contestant biography for the show, Marsh's love of extreme sports fuelled his willingness to participate in the competition, including his ability in gymnastics, which he took briefly when he was younger. Family Marsh's younger sister Cobé Marsh was a contestant on Australia's Next Top Model, Cycle 3. She is now attempting to become a recording artist. References External links Australian child models Australian male soap opera actors Australian male child actors Male actors from Adelaide 1987 births Living people People educated at Wesley College (Victoria)
Ternstroemia luquillensis, the palo colorado, is a species of plant in the Pentaphylacaceae family. It is endemic to Puerto Rico. It is threatened by habitat loss and has been listed as an endangered species in the United States since 1992 under the Endangered Species Act References luquillensis Endemic flora of Puerto Rico Critically endangered plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
```go package restful // Use of this source code is governed by a license // that can be found in the LICENSE file. // curlyRoute exits for sorting Routes by the CurlyRouter based on number of parameters and number of static path elements. type curlyRoute struct { route Route paramCount int staticCount int } // sortableCurlyRoutes orders by most parameters and path elements first. type sortableCurlyRoutes []curlyRoute func (s sortableCurlyRoutes) add(route curlyRoute) { s = append(*s, route) } func (s sortableCurlyRoutes) routes() (routes []Route) { routes = make([]Route, 0, len(s)) for _, each := range s { routes = append(routes, each.route) // TODO change return type } return routes } func (s sortableCurlyRoutes) Len() int { return len(s) } func (s sortableCurlyRoutes) Swap(i, j int) { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] } func (s sortableCurlyRoutes) Less(i, j int) bool { a := s[j] b := s[i] // primary key if a.staticCount < b.staticCount { return true } if a.staticCount > b.staticCount { return false } // secundary key if a.paramCount < b.paramCount { return true } if a.paramCount > b.paramCount { return false } return a.route.Path < b.route.Path } ```
Alinafe Kalemba is an Anglican bishop in Malawi: since 2013 he has been Bishop of Southern Malawi, one of the four Malawian dioceses within the Church of the Province of Central Africa]. References Anglican bishops of Southern Malawi 21st-century Anglican bishops in Malawi
Ralukadevi is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4238 people living in 818 individual households. References External links UN map of the municipalities of Nuwakot District Populated places in Nuwakot District
```java /* * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. */ package org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.protocol; public enum LanguageCode { JAVA((byte) 0), CPP((byte) 1), DOTNET((byte) 2), PYTHON((byte) 3), DELPHI((byte) 4), ERLANG((byte) 5), RUBY((byte) 6), OTHER((byte) 7), HTTP((byte) 8), GO((byte) 9), PHP((byte) 10), OMS((byte) 11); private byte code; LanguageCode(byte code) { this.code = code; } public static LanguageCode valueOf(byte code) { for (LanguageCode languageCode : LanguageCode.values()) { if (languageCode.getCode() == code) { return languageCode; } } return null; } public byte getCode() { return code; } } ```
Emil Georg Conrad von Sauer (8 October 186227 April 1942) was a German composer, pianist, score editor, and music (piano) teacher. He was a pupil of Franz Liszt and one of the most distinguished pianists of his generation. Josef Hofmann called von Sauer "a truly great virtuoso." Martin Krause, another Liszt pupil, called von Sauer "the legitimate heir of Liszt; he has more of his charm and geniality than any other Liszt pupil." Life Sauer was born in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg on 8 October 1862 as Emil Georg Conrad Sauer. He studied with Nikolai Rubinstein at the Moscow Conservatory between 1879 and 1881. On an 1884 visit to Italy he met the Countess von Sayn-Wittgenstein, who recommended him to her former paramour, Franz Liszt. He went on to study with Liszt for two years, but did not for some time consider himself a Liszt pupil. In an 1895 interview, he even denied it: "It is not correct to regard me as a pupil of Liszt, though I stayed with him for a few months. He was then very old, and could not teach me much. My chief teacher has been, undoubtedly, Nicholas Rubinstein." In his later years, however, Sauer realized the influence of Liszt on himself and on music in general. From 1882, Sauer made frequent and successful tours as a virtuoso pianist; his performing career lasted until 1940. He premiered in London in 1894 and New York in 1899. In 1901 he was appointed head of the Meisterschule für Klavierspiel at the Vienna Academy. Sauer left this post in April 1907 but returned to it in 1915. Some of his pupils continued on to successful concert or other significant music careers; In 1917, Sauer was raised to the peerage by the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, which added the nobiliary particle "von" to his name. He was also awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society of London. Emil von Sauer was married twice. Angelica Morales (von Sauer), his second wife, carried on his legacy in teaching. Sauer had two sons with Morales—Julio and Franz. He died in Vienna, Austria on 27 April 1942, aged 79. Playing Regardless of his own opinion initially, Sauer was considered to have emphasized the original Liszt approach to piano as well as a strong Romantic approach to a musical technique which demanded total command of the keyboard in what was known as the Liszt School of piano. Unlike his fellow pupil Moriz Rosenthal, who could overwhelm the keyboard with orchestral force, von Sauer was said to caress the piano in a suave, polished manner. His recordings show him as a smooth pianist who was inclined toward relaxed tempos and the exactitude of detail over temperament. While his playing may have sometimes lacked breadth, it was always elegant and beautifully finished. Compositions Along with editing the complete piano works of Johannes Brahms and a number of academic works by Pischna, Plaidy and Kullak, Sauer wrote piano concertos, piano sonatas, concert études, piano pieces, and lieder. His compositions have been considered of minor importance. Nevertheless, six CDs of his piano music were recorded by Oleg Marshev. Selected works Two piano concertos Two piano sonatas Études de Concert Suite moderne Selected discography Playing Emil von Sauer—1940 live recordings. Works by Chopin, Sauer, Schubert, Schumann, Sgambati. Willem Mengelberg conducts the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Arbiter CD 114). Emil von Sauer: The Complete Commercial Recordings (3-CD set, Marston Records). Emil von Sauer Plays Liszt: Piano Concertos Nos 1 and 2. Orchestre des Concerts du Conservatoire conducted by Felix Weingartner (Dutton Labs UK B0001DCXLK). Compositions Piano Concerto No. 1 played by Stephen Hough with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra conducted by Lawrence Foster. Recorded in 1994. The CD also contains Xaver Scharwenka's Piano Concerto No. 4 in F minor, Op. 82 (Hyperion no. 66790). Piano Concerto No. 2 played by Oleg Marshev with the Aarhus Symphony Orchestra conducted by James Loughran (Danacord DACOCD 596). Piano Sonata No. 2 and Other Piano Works played by Oleg Marshev (Danacord DACOCD 534). Études de Concert played by Oleg Marshev (Danacord DACOCD 487). References Bibliography Anderson, Robert Kinloch, ed. Stanley Sadie, "Sauer, Emil von," The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, First Edition (London: Macmillan, 1980), 20 vols. . Crocus, Anita, “Emil von Sauer, Liszt’s Forgotten Protégé,” biography: , July 12, 2022. Heliotes, Steven, Notes for Hyperion CDA66790, Scharwenka: Piano Concerto No. 4; Sauer: Piano Concerto No. 1; Stephen Hough, pianist; City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra conducted by Lawrence Foster (London: Hyperion records, 1995). Renfroe, Anita Boyle, Emil von Sauer; A catalogue of his piano works. Louisville, KY, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Diss., 1981 Microfiche. Schonberg, Harold C., The Great Pianists (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987, 1963). . External links Review of recordings of his works for solo piano Contains biographical information and information about each piece Recordings Piano Rolls (The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation) Emil von Sauer - The Complete Commercial Recordings (Marston Records) Emil Sauer plays Liszt (Dutton Vocalion) 1862 births 1942 deaths 19th-century classical composers 19th-century classical pianists 19th-century German composers 19th-century German male musicians 20th-century classical composers 20th-century classical pianists 20th-century German composers German classical pianists German male classical composers German pianists German male pianists German Romantic composers Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society Male classical pianists Musicians from Hamburg Pupils of Franz Liszt Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists 20th-century German male musicians Moscow Conservatory alumni
Deh-e Mir Qasem (, also Romanized as Deh-e Mīr Qāsem; also known as Mīr Qāsem) is a village in Hendudur Rural District, Sarband District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 81, in 19 families. References Populated places in Shazand County
The 1960 VFL season was the 64th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 16 April until 24 September, and comprised an 18-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs. The premiership was won by the Melbourne Football Club for the eleventh time and second time consecutively, after it defeated by 48 points in the 1960 VFL Grand Final. Background In 1960, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances. Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 7. Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1960 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system. Round 1 of the 1960 competition was played over Easter long weekend, with three matches on Easter Saturday (16 April) and three matches on Easter Monday (18 April). Round 2 of the competition was also scheduled for a long weekend, with four matches scheduled for the Saturday (23 April) and two for the Monday (Anzac Day, 25 April). The four matches on Saturday 23 April were postponed because of the extremely wet conditions. Despite pressure from the Victorian Premier, Henry Bolte, the VFL refused to play the four postponed matches on Anzac Day (which, by custom, would have contributed to patriotic funds), and scheduled the postponed matches for the following Saturday (30 April). As a consequence of this delay all of the season's matches from Round 3 to the Grand Final were played a week later than had been originally scheduled. Home-and-away season Round 1 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.21 (93) \| \| 9.12 (66) \| Windy Hill \| 23,000 \| 16 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.14 (80) \| \| 3.7 (25) \| Victoria Park \| 39,927 \| 16 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.12 (114) \| \| 8.15 (63) \| Lake Oval \| 28,100 \| 16 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.15 (99) \| \| 5.14 (44) \| MCG \| 36,966 \| 18 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 15.7 (97) \| \| 10.6 (66) \| Western Oval \| 24,982 \| 18 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.14 (98) \| \| 14.14 (98) \| Princes Park \| 31,000 \| 18 April 1960 Round 2 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.18 (48) \| \| 10.12 (72) \| Junction Oval \| 30,000 \| 25 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.17 (71) \| \| 9.10 (64) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 33,815 \| 25 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 20.14 (134) \| \| 14.6 (90) \| Kardinia Park \| 16,370 \| 30 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.17 (53) \| \| 14.15 (99) \| Arden Street Oval \| 20,150 \| 30 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.15 (45) \| \| 25.20 (170) \| Punt Road Oval \| 31,000 \| 30 April 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.16 (52) \| \| 7.13 (55) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 30,000 \| 30 April 1960 Round 3 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.12 (42) \| \| 3.8 (26) \| Arden Street Oval \| 9,000 \| 7 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 16.14 (110) \| \| 6.10 (46) \| MCG \| 23,135 \| 7 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.11 (41) \| \| 8.7 (55) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 13,802 \| 7 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.9 (45) \| \| 6.17 (53) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 16,000 \| 7 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.10 (76) \| \| 11.8 (74) \| Windy Hill \| 30,000 \| 7 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.11 (41) \| \| 7.3 (45) \| Junction Oval \| 18,700 \| 7 May 1960 Round 4 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 4.14 (38) \| \| 9.5 (59) \| Kardinia Park \| 12,795 \| 14 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.13 (55) \| \| 2.7 (19) \| Victoria Park \| 28,263 \| 14 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.18 (48) \| \| 5.7 (37) \| Princes Park \| 11,066 \| 14 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.12 (78) \| \| 5.8 (38) \| Lake Oval \| 7,000 \| 14 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.6 (36) \| \| 6.11 (47) \| Punt Road Oval \| 7,500 \| 14 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 4.2 (26) \| \| 4.11 (35) \| Western Oval \| 24,302 \| 14 May 1960 Round 5 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.5 (47) \| \| 4.7 (31) \| Punt Road Oval \| 12,500 \| 21 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.7 (37) \| \| 7.15 (57) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 12,500 \| 21 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.9 (75) \| \| 5.6 (36) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 17,102 \| 21 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.6 (66) \| \| 7.9 (51) \| Arden Street Oval \| 8,500 \| 21 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.9 (39) \| \| 4.13 (37) \| Junction Oval \| 28,600 \| 21 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.13 (115) \| \| 11.14 (80) \| Windy Hill \| 26,300 \| 21 May 1960 Round 6 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.22 (124) \| \| 4.8 (32) \| MCG \| 27,249 \| 28 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.11 (47) \| \| 10.5 (65) \| Western Oval \| 22,126 \| 28 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.6 (48) \| \| 9.8 (62) \| Arden Street Oval \| 8,600 \| 28 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.7 (55) \| \| 6.14 (50) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 25,632 \| 28 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.8 (80) \| \| 11.12 (78) \| Lake Oval \| 27,000 \| 28 May 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.17 (119) \| \| 10.14 (74) \| Kardinia Park \| 16,589 \| 28 May 1960 Round 7 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.15 (69) \| \| 10.11 (71) \| Windy Hill \| 32,500 \| 4 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.16 (88) \| \| 16.8 (104) \| Victoria Park \| 23,740 \| 4 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.13 (79) \| \| 13.13 (91) \| Princes Park \| 24,465 \| 4 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.15 (99) \| \| 14.13 (97) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 16,500 \| 4 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.13 (49) \| \| 11.15 (81) \| Punt Road Oval \| 16,000 \| 4 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.12 (90) \| \| 9.12 (66) \| Junction Oval \| 26,250 \| 4 June 1960 Round 8 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.12 (90) \| \| 13.14 (92) \| Arden Street Oval \| 17,500 \| 11 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.18 (96) \| \| 11.15 (81) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 12,000 \| 11 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.15 (75) \| \| 6.8 (44) \| MCG \| 35,539 \| 11 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.12 (90) \| \| 13.13 (91) \| Lake Oval \| 21,500 \| 11 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.17 (83) \| \| 14.10 (94) \| Kardinia Park \| 24,119 \| 11 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 16.14 (110) \| \| 10.13 (73) \| Victoria Park \| 29,853 \| 11 June 1960 Round 9 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.8 (68) \| \| 16.14 (110) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 23,233 \| 18 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.10 (88) \| \| 12.15 (87) \| Windy Hill \| 21,000 \| 18 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 18.12 (120) \| \| 8.15 (63) \| Princes Park \| 13,897 \| 18 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.13 (55) \| \| 8.19 (67) \| Junction Oval \| 23,900 \| 18 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.17 (83) \| \| 12.11 (83) \| Punt Road Oval \| 13,000 \| 18 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.19 (67) \| \| 10.14 (74) \| Western Oval \| 28,098 \| 18 June 1960 Round 10 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.5 (41) \| \| 12.11 (83) \| Kardinia Park \| 17,934 \| 25 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.14 (80) \| \| 7.8 (50) \| Princes Park \| 26,979 \| 25 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.7 (73) \| \| 13.6 (84) \| Lake Oval \| 22,300 \| 25 June 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 20.10 (130) \| \| 15.18 (108) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 15,747 \| 2 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.4 (76) \| \| 10.14 (74) \| Windy Hill \| 25,700 \| 2 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.12 (84) \| \| 14.13 (97) \| Punt Road Oval \| 28,000 \| 2 July 1960 Round 11 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.12 (54) \| \| 8.9 (57) \| Western Oval \| 15,322 \| 9 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.16 (94) \| \| 10.13 (73) \| Victoria Park \| 20,915 \| 9 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.15 (99) \| \| 4.18 (42) \| Junction Oval \| 16,500 \| 9 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.9 (69) \| \| 12.14 (86) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 18,000 \| 9 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.11 (83) \| \| 14.14 (98) \| Arden Street Oval \| 15,000 \| 9 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.17 (71) \| \| 6.22 (58) \| MCG \| 29,741 \| 9 July 1960 Round 12 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.13 (79) \| \| 9.3 (57) \| Junction Oval \| 24,700 \| 16 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.19 (73) \| \| 15.13 (103) \| Arden Street Oval \| 9,600 \| 16 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.13 (79) \| \| 8.4 (52) \| Kardinia Park \| 14,388 \| 16 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.13 (73) \| \| 16.11 (107) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 23,500 \| 16 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.10 (112) \| \| 13.18 (96) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 30,080 \| 16 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.8 (56) \| \| 15.20 (110) \| Punt Road Oval \| 13,500 \| 16 July 1960 Round 13 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.13 (49) \| \| 6.9 (45) \| MCG \| 42,935 \| 23 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.10 (64) \| \| 9.8 (62) \| Western Oval \| 14,133 \| 23 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 16.16 (112) \| \| 10.10 (70) \| Windy Hill \| 17,000 \| 23 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.15 (57) \| \| 7.16 (58) \| Victoria Park \| 18,637 \| 23 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.10 (40) \| \| 12.12 (84) \| Princes Park \| 26,796 \| 23 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.20 (80) \| \| 11.13 (79) \| Lake Oval \| 8,350 \| 23 July 1960 Round 14 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.9 (39) \| \| 9.21 (75) \| Western Oval \| 16,794 \| 30 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.11 (65) \| \| 6.9 (45) \| Victoria Park \| 39,110 \| 30 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.12 (72) \| \| 11.17 (83) \| Princes Park \| 24,684 \| 30 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.13 (67) \| \| 12.7 (79) \| Punt Road Oval \| 8,500 \| 30 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.10 (70) \| \| 16.13 (109) \| Lake Oval \| 18,000 \| 30 July 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.11 (53) \| \| 14.11 (95) \| Kardinia Park \| 15,022 \| 30 July 1960 Round 15 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.16 (100) \| \| 9.20 (74) \| Arden Street Oval \| 10,000 \| 6 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.13 (91) \| \| 10.11 (71) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 14,232 \| 6 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.11 (95) \| \| 8.10 (58) \| Windy Hill \| 21,000 \| 6 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.16 (70) \| \| 13.9 (87) \| Junction Oval \| 16,300 \| 6 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 16.15 (111) \| \| 9.11 (65) \| MCG \| 81,099 \| 6 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.10 (88) \| \| 9.7 (61) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 16,000 \| 6 August 1960 Round 16 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.14 (74) \| \| 4.10 (34) \| Kardinia Park \| 9,445 \| 13 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.12 (60) \| \| 7.7 (49) \| Victoria Park \| 22,640 \| 13 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.15 (57) \| \| 6.8 (44) \| Princes Park \| 16,291 \| 13 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.13 (91) \| \| 7.12 (54) \| Lake Oval \| 6,109 \| 13 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.13 (67) \| \| 11.10 (76) \| MCG \| 24,646 \| 13 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 4.6 (30) \| \| 7.11 (53) \| Western Oval \| 12,013 \| 13 August 1960 Round 17 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.17 (71) \| \| 8.4 (52) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 13,000 \| 20 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.7 (61) \| \| 10.12 (72) \| Windy Hill \| 29,500 \| 20 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.3 (51) \| \| 5.9 (39) \| Victoria Park \| 22,267 \| 20 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.12 (66) \| \| 5.6 (36) \| Princes Park \| 17,100 \| 20 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.14 (68) \| \| 8.12 (60) \| Punt Road Oval \| 8,000 \| 20 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.9 (63) \| \| 6.15 (51) \| Junction Oval \| 16,100 \| 20 August 1960 Round 18 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.9 (63) \| \| 14.12 (96) \| Kardinia Park \| 14,857 \| 27 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 18.9 (117) \| \| 11.11 (77) \| Western Oval \| 12,419 \| 27 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.16 (70) \| \| 6.9 (45) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 19,507 \| 27 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.5 (65) \| \| 10.18 (78) \| MCG \| 50,274 \| 27 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.8 (44) \| \| 11.12 (78) \| Arden Street Oval \| 27,000 \| 27 August 1960 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.8 (56) \| \| 11.9 (75) \| Lake Oval \| 11,000 \| 27 August 1960 Ladder \|- style=background:#FFFFBB \| 1 \|\| align=left \| (P) \|\| 18 \|\| 14 \|\| 4 \|\| 0 \|\| 1455 \|\| 1017 \|\| 143.1 \|\| 56 \|- style=background:#FFFFBB \| 2 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 14 \|\| 4 \|\| 0 \|\| 1332 \|\| 1184 \|\| 112.5 \|\| 56 \|- style=background:#FFFFBB \| 3 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 13 \|\| 5 \|\| 0 \|\| 1506 \|\| 1204 \|\| 125.1 \|\| 52 \|- style=background:#FFFFBB \| 4 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 11 \|\| 7 \|\| 0 \|\| 1314 \|\| 1150 \|\| 114.3 \|\| 44 \|- \| 5 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 11 \|\| 7 \|\| 0 \|\| 1251 \|\| 1192 \|\| 104.9 \|\| 44 \|- \| 6 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 9 \|\| 9 \|\| 0 \|\| 1159 \|\| 1140 \|\| 101.7 \|\| 36 \|- \| 7 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 8 \|\| 9 \|\| 1 \|\| 1300 \|\| 1313 \|\| 99.0 \|\| 34 \|- \| 8 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 7 \|\| 11 \|\| 0 \|\| 1304 \|\| 1413 \|\| 92.3 \|\| 28 \|- \| 9 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 6 \|\| 11 \|\| 1 \|\| 1311 \|\| 1373 \|\| 95.5 \|\| 26 \|- \| 10 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 6 \|\| 12 \|\| 0 \|\| 1065 \|\| 1178 \|\| 90.4 \|\| 24 \|- \| 11 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 5 \|\| 13 \|\| 0 \|\| 1183 \|\| 1474 \|\| 80.3 \|\| 20 \|- \| 12 \|\| align=left \| \|\| 18 \|\| 2 \|\| 14 \|\| 2 \|\| 1086 \|\| 1628 \|\| 66.7 \|\| 12 \|} Rules for classification: 1. premiership points; 2. percentage; 3. points forAverage score: 70.7Source: AFL Tables Finals series Semi-finals Second Semi-Final Grand final Consolation Night Series Competition The night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the season. Final: South Melbourne 10.12 (70) defeated Hawthorn 8.11 (59) Season notes From 1960, the Seconds became known as the VFL Reserves; and, the Thirds became known as the Under 19s. The VFL started fixing the schedule from 1960 such that neither and , nor and played home matches on the same day, due to the heavy transport and labour burden associated with running the two nearby venues at the same time. This practice was already established for two other pairs of teams: and , and and . The entire season was plagued by wet weather. This was reflected in the overall low scores of the full-forwards: Ron Evans (Essendon) was the leading goalkicker with only 67 goals in 18 games, and Leo Brereton (Carlton) was second with 44 goals in 18 games. John Kennedy took over as coach of Hawthorn. The flamboyant Hawthorn centreman, Brendan Edwards, at the time a physical education teacher at the junior school of the nearby Swinburne Technical College, introduced circuit training. In the Round 3 match between Hawthorn and Footscray at Glenferrie Oval, Footscray defeated Hawthorn 6.17 (53) to 6.9 (45). The match was so affected by the strong wind conditions and, especially, the defensive play of the Hawthorn back-line – at a time when one could kick the ball out of bounds on the full without penalty – that the prescribed playing time of 100 minutes was extended by an astonishing 32 minutes and 33 seconds of time-on, including 10 minutes 46 seconds in the first quarter alone. In Round 13, Hawthorn defeated Collingwood at Victoria Park for the first time; Hawthorn had lost the previous 28 meetings at Victoria Park. Full forward John Peck marked on the final siren and kicked a goal to give Hawthorn the win by a point. The Brownlow Medal was won by Footscray's ruckman John Schultz. Schultz was the second of the only two amateur players to win the Brownlow Medal; the first had been Melbourne's Don Cordner, also a ruckman, in 1946. Former classmates at Caulfield Grammar School, John Schultz and Ron Evans, won the Brownlow Medal and topped the VFL Goalkicking List respectively in the same VFL season. Melbourne played in its seventh successive Grand Final, thrashing Collingwood 8.14 (62) to 2.2 (14). Collingwood's score was its lowest since Round 5, 1900, and the lowest by any team in a Grand Final since 1927. At the end of the 1960 season, the VFL estimated that the live telecast of the last quarter of three VFL matches each Saturday afternoon had cost at least 245,000 spectators, and the VFL decided to discontinue this practice (which had been introduced in 1957). Awards The 1960 VFL Premiership team was Melbourne. The VFL's leading goalkicker was Ron Evans of Essendon who kicked 67 goals. The winner of the 1960 Brownlow Medal was John Schultz of Footscray with 20 votes. Richmond took the "wooden spoon" in 1960. The reserves premiership was won by . Geelong 7.15 (57) defeated 7.10 (52) in the Grand Final, held as a curtain raiser to the seniors Grand Final on 24 September. References Rogers, S. & Brown, A., Every Game Ever Played: VFL/AFL Results 1897–1997 (Sixth Edition), Viking Books, (Ringwood), 1998. Ross, J. (ed), 100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996. Ross, J. (ed.), The Australian Football Hall of Fame, HarperCollinsPublishers, (Pymble), 1999. Sources 1960 VFL season at AFL Tables 1960 VFL season at Australian Football Australian Football League seasons VFL season
Zintiridis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Revazi Zintiridis (born 1985), Greek judoka Tariel Zintiridis (born 1987), Greek judoka Greek-language surnames
Khikan (, also Romanized as Khīkān) is a village in Bala Taleqan Rural District, in the Central District of Taleqan County, Alborz Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 143, in 43 families. References Populated places in Taleqan County
Mihai Eminescu (; born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romanian Romantic poet from Moldavia, novelist, and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet. Eminescu was an active member of the Junimea literary society and worked as an editor for the newspaper Timpul ("The Time"), the official newspaper of the Conservative Party (1880–1918). His poetry was first published when he was 16 and he went to Vienna, Austria to study when he was 19. The poet's manuscripts, containing 46 volumes and approximately 14,000 pages, were offered by Titu Maiorescu as a gift to the Romanian Academy during the meeting that was held on 25 January 1902. Notable works include Luceafărul (The Vesper/The Evening Star/The Lucifer/The Daystar), Odă în metru antic (Ode in Ancient Meter), and the five Letters (Epistles/Satires). In his poems, he frequently used metaphysical, mythological and historical subjects. His father was Gheorghe Eminovici, an aristocrat from Bukovina, which was then part of the Austrian Empire (while his grandfather came from Banat). He crossed the border into Moldavia, settling in Ipotești, near the town of Botoșani. He married Raluca Iurașcu, an heiress of an old noble family. In a Junimea register, Eminescu wrote down his birthday date as 22 December 1849, while in the documents of Cernăuți Gymnasium, where Eminescu studied, his birth date is 15 January 1850. Nevertheless, Titu Maiorescu, in his work Eminescu and His Poems (1889) quoted N. D. Giurescu's research and adopted his conclusion regarding the date and place of Mihai Eminescu's birth, as being 15 January 1850, in Botoșani. This date resulted from several sources, among which there was a file of notes on christenings from the archives of the Uspenia (Princely) Church of Botoșani; inside this file, the date of birth was "15 January 1850" and the date of christening was the 21st of the same month. The date of his birth was confirmed by the poet's elder sister, Aglae Drogli, who affirmed that the place of birth was the village of Ipotești, Botoșani County. Life Early years Mihail (as he appears in baptismal records) or Mihai (the more common form of the name that he used) was born in Botoșani, Moldavia. He spent his early childhood in Botoșani and Ipotești, in his parents family home. From 1858 to 1866 he attended school in Cernăuți. He finished 4th grade as the 5th of 82 students, after which he attended two years of gymnasium. The first evidence of Eminescu as a writer is in 1866. In January of that year Romanian teacher Aron Pumnul died and his students in Cernăuţi published a pamphlet, Lăcrămioarele învățăceilor gimnaziaști (The Tears of the Gymnasium Students) in which a poem entitled La mormântul lui Aron Pumnul (At the Grave of Aron Pumnul) appears, signed "M. Eminovici". On 25 February his poem De-aș avea (If I Had) was published in Iosif Vulcan's literary magazine Familia in Pest. This began a steady series of published poems (and the occasional translation from German). Also, it was Iosif Vulcan, who disliked the Slavic source suffix "-ici" of the young poet's last name, that chose for him the more apparent Romanian "nom de plume" Mihai Eminescu. In 1867, he joined Iorgu Caragiale's troupe as a clerk and prompter; the next year he transferred to Mihai Pascaly's troupe. Both of these were among the leading Romanian theatrical troupes of their day, the latter including Matei Millo and . He soon settled in Bucharest, where at the end of November he became a clerk and copyist for the National Theater. Throughout this period, he continued to write and publish poems. He also paid his rent by translating hundreds of pages of a book by Heinrich Theodor Rötscher, although this never resulted in a completed work. Also at this time he began his novel Geniu pustiu (Wasted Genius), published posthumously in 1904 in an unfinished form. On 1 April 1869, he was one of the co-founders of the "Orient" literary circle, whose interests included the gathering of Romanian folklore and documents relating to Romanian literary history. On 29 June, various members of the "Orient" group were commissioned to go to different provinces. Eminescu was assigned Moldavia. That summer, he quite by chance ran into his brother Iorgu, a military officer, in Cișmigiu Gardens, but firmly rebuffed Iorgu's attempt to get him to renew his ties to his family. Still in the summer of 1869, he left Pascaly's troupe and traveled to Cernăuţi and Iaşi. He renewed ties to his family; his father promised him a regular allowance to pursue studies in Vienna in the fall. As always, he continued to write and publish poetry; notably, on the occasion of the death of the former ruler of Wallachia, Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei, he published a leaflet, La moartea principelui Știrbei ("On the Death of Prince Știrbei"). 1870s From October 1869 to 1872 Eminescu studied at the University of Vienna. Not fulfilling the requirements to become a university student (as he did not have a baccalaureate degree), he attended lectures as a so-called "extraordinary auditor" at the Faculty of Philosophy and Law. He was active in student life, befriended Ioan Slavici, and came to know Vienna through Veronica Micle; he became a contributor to Convorbiri Literare (Literary Conversations), edited by Junimea (The Youth). The leaders of this cultural organisation, Petre P. Carp, Vasile Pogor, Theodor Rosetti, Iacob Negruzzi and Titu Maiorescu, exercised their political and cultural influence over Eminescu for the rest of his life. Impressed by one of Eminescu's poems, Venere şi Madonă (Venus and Madonna), Iacob Negruzzi, the editor of Convorbiri Literare, traveled to Vienna to meet him. Negruzzi would later write how he could pick Eminescu out of a crowd of young people in a Viennese café by his "romantic" appearance: long hair and gaze lost in thoughts. In 1870 Eminescu wrote three articles under the pseudonym "Varro" in Federaţiunea in Pest, on the situation of Romanians and other minorities in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He then became a journalist for the newspaper Albina (The Bee) in Pest. From 1872 to 1874 he continued as a student in Berlin, thanks to a stipend offered by Junimea. From 1874 to 1877, he worked as director of the Central Library in Iași, substitute teacher, school inspector for the counties of Iași and Vaslui, and editor of the newspaper Curierul de Iași (The Courier of Iaşi), all thanks to his friendship with Titu Maiorescu, the leader of Junimea and rector of the University of Iași. He continued to publish in Convorbiri Literare. He also was a good friend of Ion Creangă, a writer, whom he convinced to become a writer and introduced to the Junimea literary club. In 1877 he moved to Bucharest, where until 1883 he was first journalist, then (1880) editor-in-chief of the newspaper Timpul (The Time). During this time he wrote Scrisorile, Luceafărul, Odă în metru antic etc. Most of his notable editorial pieces belong to this period, when Romania was fighting the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and throughout the diplomatic race that eventually brought about the international recognition of Romanian independence, but under the condition of bestowing Romanian citizenship to all subjects of Jewish faith. Eminescu opposed this and another clause of the Treaty of Berlin: Romania's having to give southern Bessarabia to Russia in exchange for Northern Dobruja, a former Ottoman province on the Black Sea. Later life and death The 1880s were a time of crisis and deterioration in the poet's life, culminating with his death in 1889. The details of this are still debated. From 1883 – when Eminescu's personal crisis and his more problematic health issues became evident – until 1886, the poet was treated in Austria and Italy, by specialists that managed to get him on his feet, as testified by his good friend, writer Ioan Slavici. In 1886, Eminescu suffered a nervous breakdown and was treated by Romanian doctors, in particular Julian Bogdan and Panait Zosin. Immediately diagnosed with syphilis, after being hospitalized in a nervous diseases hospice within the Neamț Monastery, the poet was treated with mercury. Firstly, massages in Botoșani, applied by Dr. Itszak, and then in Bucharest at Dr. Alexandru A. Suțu's sanatorium, where between February–June 1889 he was injected with mercuric chloride. Professor Doctor Irinel Popescu, corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and president of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Romania, states that Eminescu died because of mercury poisoning. He also says that the poet was "treated" by a group of incompetent doctors and held in misery, which also shortened his life. Mercury was prohibited as treatment of syphilis in Western Europe in the 19th century, because of its adverse effects. Mihai Eminescu died at 4 am, on 15 June 1889 at the Caritas Institute, a sanatorium run by Dr. Suțu and located on Plantelor Street Sector 2, Bucharest. Eminescu's last wish was a glass of milk, which the attending doctor slipped through the metallic peephole of the "cell" where he spent the last hours of his life. In response to this favor he was said to have whispered, "I'm crumbled". The next day, on 16 June 1889 he was officially declared deceased and legal papers to that effect were prepared by doctors Suțu and Petrescu, who submitted the official report. This paperwork is seen as ambiguous, because the poet's cause of death is not clearly stated and there was no indication of any other underlying condition that may have so suddenly resulted in his death. In fact both the poet's medical file and autopsy report indicate symptoms of a mental and not physical disorder. Moreover, at the autopsy performed by Dr. Tomescu and then by Dr. Marinescu from the laboratory at Babeș-Bolyai University, the brain could not be studied, because a nurse inadvertently forgot it on an open window, where it quickly decomposed. One of the first hypotheses that disagreed with the post mortem findings for Eminescu's cause of death was printed on 28 June 1926 in an article from the newspaper Universul. This article forwards the hypothesis that Eminescu died after another patient, Petre Poenaru, former headmaster in Craiova, hit him in the head with a board. Dr. Vineș, the physician assigned to Eminescu at Caritas argued at that time that the poet's death was the result of an infection secondary to his head injury. Specifically, he says that the head wound was infected, turning into an erysipelas, which then spread to the face, neck, upper limbs, thorax, and abdomen. In the same report, cited by Nicolae Georgescu in his work, Eminescu târziu, Vineș states that "Eminescu's death was not due to head trauma occurred 25 days earlier and which had healed completely, but was the consequence of an older endocarditis (diagnosed by late professor N. Tomescu)". Contemporary specialists, primarily physicians who have dealt with the Eminescu case, reject both hypotheses on the cause of death of the poet. According to them, the poet died of cardio-respiratory arrest caused by mercury poisoning. Eminescu was wrongly diagnosed and treated, aiming his removal from public life, as some eminescologists claim. Eminescu was diagnosed since 1886 by Dr. Julian Bogdan from Iași as syphilitic, paralytic and on the verge of dementia due to alcohol abuse and syphilitic gummas emerged on the brain. The same diagnosis is given by Dr. Panait Zosin, who consulted Eminescu on 6 November 1886 and wrote that patient Eminescu suffered from a "mental alienation", caused by the emergence of syphilis and worsened by alcoholism. Further research showed that the poet was not suffering from syphilis. Works Nicolae Iorga, the Romanian historian, considers Eminescu the godfather of the modern Romanian language, in the same way that Shakespeare is seen to have directly influenced the English language. He is unanimously celebrated as the greatest and most representative Romanian poet. Poems and Prose of Mihai Eminescu (editor: , publisher: The Center for Romanian Studies, Iași, Oxford, and Portland, 2000, ) contains a selection of English-language renditions of Eminescu's poems and prose. Poetry His poems span a large range of themes, from nature and love to hate and social commentary. His childhood years were evoked in his later poetry with deep nostalgia. Eminescu's poems have been translated in over 60 languages. His life, work and poetry strongly influenced the Romanian culture and his poems are widely studied in Romanian public schools. His most notable poems are: , first poem of Mihai Eminescu Ce-ți doresc eu ție, dulce Românie Somnoroase păsărele Pe lângă plopii fără soț Doina (the name is a traditional type of Romanian song), 1884 Lacul (The Lake), 1876 Luceafărul (The Vesper), 1883 Floare albastră (Blue Flower), 1884 Dorința (Desire), 1884 Sara pe deal (Evening on the Hill), 1885 O, rămai (Oh, Linger On), 1884 Epigonii (Epigones), 1884 Scrisori (Letters or "Epistles-Satires") Și dacă (And if...), 1883 Odă în metru antic (Ode in Ancient Meter), 1883 Mai am un singur dor (I Have Yet One Desire), 1883 Glossă (Gloss), 1883 La Steaua (To The Star), 1886 Memento mori, 1872 Povestea magului călător în stele Prose Sarmanul Dionis (Poor Dionis), 1872 Cezara, 1876 Avatarii Faraonului Tla, postum Geniu pustiu (Deserted genius), novel, posthumous Presence in English language anthologies Testament – Anthology of Modern Romanian Verse / Testament – Antologie de Poezie Română Modernă – Bilingual Edition English & Romanian – Daniel Ioniță (editor and translator) with Eva Foster and Daniel Reynaud – Minerva Publishing 2012 and 2015 (second edition) – Testament – Anthology of Romanian Verse – American Edition - monolingual English language edition – Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud and Rochelle Bews – Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture – 2017 – The Bessarabia of My Soul / Basarabia Sufletului Meu - a collection of poetry from the Republic of Moldova – bilingual English/Romanian – Daniel Ioniță and Maria Tonu (editors), with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud and Rochelle Bews – MediaTon, Toronto, Canada – 2018 – Testment – 400 Years of Romanian Poetry – 400 de ani de poezie românească – bilingual edition – Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul & Eva Foster – Editura Minerva, 2019 – Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present – bilingual edition English/Romanian – Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul and Eva Foster – Australian-Romanian Academy Publishing – 2020 – ; Romanian culture Eminescu was only 20 when Titu Maiorescu, the top literary critic in Romania, dubbed him "a real poet", in an essay where only a handful of the Romanian poets of the time were spared Maiorescu's harsh criticism. In the following decade, Eminescu's notability as a poet grew continually thanks to (1) the way he managed to enrich the literary language with words and phrases from all Romanian regions, from old texts, and with new words that he coined from his wide philosophical readings; (2) the use of bold metaphors, much too rare in earlier Romanian poetry; (3) last but not least, he was arguably the first Romanian writer who published in all Romanian provinces and was constantly interested in the problems of Romanians everywhere. He defined himself as a Romantic, in a poem addressed To My Critics (Criticilor mei), and this designation, his untimely death as well as his bohemian lifestyle (he never pursued a degree, a position, a wife or fortune) had him associated with the Romantic figure of the genius. As early as the late 1880s, Eminescu had a group of faithful followers. His 1883 poem Luceafărul was so notable that a new literary review took its name after it. The most realistic psychological analysis of Eminescu was written by I. L. Caragiale, who, after the poet's death published three short articles on this subject: In Nirvana, Irony and Two notes. Caragiale stated that Eminescu's characteristic feature was the fact that "he had an excessively unique nature". Eminescu's life was a continuous oscillation between introvert and extrovert attitudes. The portrait that Titu Maiorescu made in the study Eminescu and poems emphasizes Eminescu's introvert dominant traits. Titu Maiorescu promoted the image of a dreamer who was far away from reality, who did not suffer because of the material conditions that he lived in, regardless of all the ironies and eulogies of his neighbour, his main characteristic was "abstract serenity". In reality, just as one can discover from his poems and letters and just as Caragiale remembered, Eminescu was seldom influenced by boisterous subconscious motivations. Eminescu's life was but an overlap of different-sized cycles, made of sudden bursts that were nurtured by dreams and crises due to the impact with reality. The cycles could last from a few hours or days to weeks or months, depending on the importance of events, or could even last longer, when they were linked to the events that significantly marked his life, such as his relation with Veronica, his political activity during his years as a student, or the fact that he attended the gatherings at the Junimea society or the articles he published in the newspaper Timpul. He used to have a unique manner of describing his own crisis of jealousy. National poet Eminescu was soon proclaimed Romania's national poet, not because he wrote in an age of national revival, but rather because he was received as an author of paramount significance by Romanians in all provinces. Even today, he is considered the national poet of Romania, Moldova, and of the Romanians who live in Bukovina (). Iconography Eminescu is omnipresent in today's Romania. His statues are everywhere; his face was on the 1000-lei banknotes issued in 1991, 1992, and 1998, and is on the 500-lei banknote issued in 2005 as the highest-denominated Romanian banknote (see Romanian leu); Eminescu's Linden Tree is one of the country's most famous natural landmarks, while many schools and other institutions are named after him. The anniversaries of his birth and death are celebrated each year in many Romanian cities, and they became national celebrations in 1989 (the centennial of his death) and 2000 (150 years after his birth, proclaimed Eminescu's Year in Romania). Several young Romanian writers provoked a huge scandal when they wrote about their demystified idea of Eminescu and went so far as to reject the "official" interpretation of his work. International legacy Romanian composer Didia Saint Georges (1888-1979) used Eminescu’s text for her songs. A monument jointly dedicated to Eminescu and Allama Iqbal was erected in Islamabad, Pakistan on 15 January 2004, commemorating Pakistani-Romanian ties, as well as the dialogue between civilizations which is possible through the cross-cultural appreciation of their poetic legacies. Composer Rodica Sutzu used Eminescu's text for her song “Gazel, opus 15.” In 2004, the Mihai Eminescu Statue was erected in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. On 8 April 2008, a crater on the planet Mercury was named for him. A boulevard passing by the Romanian embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria is named after Eminescu. In 2021, the Dutch artist Kasper Peters performs a theater show entitled "Eminescu", dedicated to the poet. On 15 January 2023, the first monument in Spain in honor of Mihai Eminescu was erected in the city of Rivas-Vaciamadrid. A memorial bench is located in front of the library. Federico Garcia Lorca at the city's Constitution Square. In Romania, there are at least 133 monuments (statues and busts) dedicated to Mihai Eminescu. Most of these are located in the region of Moldova (42), followed by Transylvania (32). In Muntenia, there are 21 such monuments, while in Oltenia Eminescu is comemmorated through 11 busts. The remaining monuments are placed in Crișana (8), Maramureș (7), and Dobrogea (3). Political views Due to his conservative nationalistic views, Eminescu was easily adopted as an icon by the Romanian right. After a decade when Eminescu's works were criticized as "mystic" and "bourgeois", Romanian Communists ended by adopting Eminescu as the major Romanian poet. What opened the door for this thaw was the poem Împărat și proletar (Emperor and proletarian) that Eminescu wrote under the influence of the 1870–1871 events in France, and which ended in a Schopenhauerian critique of human life. An expurgated version only showed the stanzas that could present Eminescu as a poet interested in the fate of proletarians. It has also been revealed that Eminescu demanded strong anti-Jewish legislation on the German model, saying, among other things, that "the Jew does not deserve any rights anywhere in Europe because he is not working." This was not, however, an unusual stance to take in the cultural and literary milieu of his age. See also Mihai Eminescu National Theater References Footnotes Bibliography George Călinescu, La vie d'Eminescu, Bucarest: Univers, 1989, 439 p. Marin Bucur (ed.), Caietele Mihai Eminescu, București, Editura Eminescu, 1972 Murărașu, Dumitru (1983), Mihai Eminescu. Viața și Opera, Bucharest: Eminescu. Petrescu, Ioana Em. (1972), Eminescu. Modele cosmologice și viziune poetică, Bucharest: Minerva. Dumitrescu-Bușulenga, Zoe (1986), Eminescu și romantismul german, Bucharest: Eminescu. Bhose, Amita (1978), Eminescu şi India, Iași: Junimea. Ițu, Mircia (1995), Indianismul lui Eminescu, Brașov: Orientul Latin. Vianu, Tudor (1930), Poezia lui Eminescu, Bucharest: Cartea Românească. Negoițescu, Ion (1970), Poezia lui Eminescu, Iași: Junimea. Simion, Eugen (1964), Proza lui Eminescu, Bucharest: Editura pentru literatură. External links Gabriel's website – Works both in English and original Translated poems by Peter Mamara Mihai Eminescu. 10 poems in English translations by Octavian Cocoş (audio) Romanian Poetry – Mihai Eminescu (English) Romanian Poetry – Mihai Eminescu (Romanian) Institute for Cultural Memory: Mihai Eminescu – Poetry Mihai Eminescu Poesii (bilingual pages English Romanian) Mihai Eminescu poetry (with English translations of some of his poems) MoldData Literature Year 2000: "Mihai Eminescu Year" (includes bio, poems, critiques, etc.) The Mihai Eminescu Trust The Nation's Poet: A recent collection sparks debate over Romania's "national poet" by Emilia Stere Eminescu – a political victim : An interview with Nicolae Georgescu in Jurnalul National (in Romanian) Mihai Eminescu: Complete works (in Romanian) Mihai Eminescu : poezii biografie 1850 births 1889 deaths People from Botoșani People from the Principality of Moldavia Romanian male poets Romanian essayists Romanian nationalists Romanian folklorists Romanian male short story writers Romanian short story writers Junimists Romantic poets Romanian-language poets 19th-century Romanian poets Male essayists 19th-century short story writers 19th-century male writers 19th-century essayists Members of the Romanian Academy elected posthumously Burials at Bellu Cemetery
Al-Arish () is an abandoned village in Qatar, located in the municipality of Ash Shamal. It is one mile south-west of the coastal village of Al Khuwayr. Etymology Arish, an Arabic term, refers to palm trees; it was named so after palm trees growing in the area which shaded the entire village. History Al Arish was among the villages occupied by Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani's forces in July 1937 during his military expedition against the Alkubaisi tribe of Zubarah and its supporters, whom he considered to be defectors to Bahrain. Geography To the south-west is Sabkhat Al-Arish. A sabkha (salt-flat), its elevation is close to sea level. Due to the high level of salinity, only a small number of trees grow there. Power station Inaugurated in 1975 with a power production capacity of 8.5 megawatts, the Al Arish Power Station was constructed to serve as an energy source for Qatar's northern area. Notable residents Lahdan bin subah Alkubaisipoet and the leader of Alkubasi tribe Gallery References Al Shamal
François Robichon de La Guérinière (1688–1751) was a French riding master who had a profound effect on accepted methods for horse training, and one of the most influential writers on the art of dressage. History De La Guérinière was born on 8 May 1688 at Essay, near Alençon in Normandy, France. He spent most of his early years in Normandy. Although his brother Pierre des Brosses de La Guérinière directed the Académie d'équitation in Caen, originally established in 1594 by another French master, Antoine de Pluvinel, de La Guérinière's most influential instructor was de Vendeuil. In 1715, de La Guérinière received his diploma as an , and he began as a director of an equestrian academy in Paris, a position which he held for 15 years and which earned him a reputation as an instructor and rider. This led to an appointment by the Grand écuyer de France, Prince Charles of Lorraine, as Directeur du Manège des Tuileries in 1730. He held the position of Equerry to Louis XIV until his death in 1751. Riding theories De La Guérinière is credited for the invention of the shoulder-in, which he called the "alpha and omega of all exercises"; he was the first to describe it. His treatise L'École de Cavalerie, "The School of Horsemanship", which was published in parts between 1729 and 1731, and as a complete work in 1733, is an important book on the training of the horse, detailing equitation, veterinary treatment, and general horsemanship. This book has become an important text for the Spanish Riding School of Vienna. De La Guérinière gave exercises to increase suppleness and balance of the horse, and a progressive schooling system to reach an overall goal: a light, obedient, calm horse that was a pleasure to ride. De La Guérinière is also credited with the invention of the flying change and the counter-canter. In his book, Ecole de Cavallerie (Paris, 1733), de La Guérinière stresses the use of few aids and punishments while riding. He advises the use of the shoulder-in at all gaits, including the gallop. De La Guérinière states the rider must also have a good seat in order to have a soft, light hand, and makes several references to William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle. Published works Ecole de Cavallerie: contenant un Recueil ou abregé Methodique des Principes qui regardent la connoissance des Chevaux... [S. l] Mernier 1730 Ecole de cavalerie contenant l'ostéologie etc. Sieur de La Guérinière, 4e leçon, Paris: Jacques Guerin, 1731 École de cavalerie, contenant la connoissance, l'instruction et la conservation du cheval, avec figures en taille douce, par M. de La Guérinière.... Paris: impr. de J. Collombat, 1733 Elémens de cavalerie: Contenant la connoissance du cheval, l'embouchure, la ferrure, la selle, &c. avec un traité du haras. Paris: chez les frères Guerin, 1741 Manuel de Cavalerie: ou l'on enseigne... la connoissance du Cheval l'embouchure... l'osteologie du cheval, ses maladies, & leurs remedes.... La Haye: Chez Jean Van Duren, 1742 (same as the above, according to Brunet) École de cavalerie, contenant la connoissance, l'instruction et la conservation du cheval. Avec figures en taille-douce. Par M. de La Guérinière,.... Paris: Huart et Moreau, 1751 References Dressage trainers Classical horsemanship 1688 births 1751 deaths Writers on horsemanship
David Robert Walker (born 12 November 1945) is an Australian academic historian who has been the professor of Australian studies at Deakin University since 1991. He is a leading authority in the study of Australian perceptions of Asia. Early life and education Walker was born in Adelaide in 1945 and received his early education in rural South Australian schools where his father was a teacher. The family settled in Adelaide in 1958 and Walker graduated from the University of Adelaide with a first class honours degree in Arts in 1967. Post-graduate studies were undertaken at the Australian National University (ANU) where he was awarded a doctorate in 1972. His thesis, which explored Vance Palmer, Louis Esson and other twentieth-century Australian authors' hopes for the development of an Australian culture, was subsequently published as Dream and Disillusion: A Search for Australian Cultural Identity. Academic career Walker spent the next two years as a postdoctoral research fellow at Australian National University (ANU), where he was the editor of Labor History. He then held a number of academic positions at the University of Auckland and the University of New South Wales until his appointment as the Professor of Australian Studies at Deakin University. He has a number of visiting appointments including a Distinguished Visiting Chair of Australian Studies at the University of Copenhagen, the Monash Chair of Australian Studies at Georgetown University and a Visiting Professorship in Australian Studies at the Australian Studies Centre, Renmin University, Beijing. Major works Walker has received more than 30 major research grants and published more than 120 books, book chapters, peer reviewed journal articles and peer reviewed lectures. Much of his work has concentrated on the history of Australia's engagement with Asia and, in particular, the ways in which Australians imagined Asian peoples and their cultures. Anxious Nation The results of his research on Asia were published as Anxious Nation: Australia and the Rise of Asia 1850–1939 in 1999. This landmark work explores the anxiety that Australians felt towards the people of Asia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. While Australian images of Asia were overwhelmingly negative during this period, Walker makes the point that some Australians including Prime Minister Alfred Deakin saw much to admire in Asian cultures. Al Grassby, former Minister for Immigration who dismantled the White Australia Policy, described the book as "evocative and compelling prose …which shows how bigotry and myth making shaped the question of race which dominated the public and private discourse." Anxious Nation has been reprinted in an India edition and translated into Chinese. Not Dark Yet In late 2004, David Walker, suffered a sudden and severe loss of sight that rendered him legally blind and limited his ability to continue archival research. He subsequently changed his research methods and drew on his family history as a tool to investigate the development of Australia’s national character and culture. This led to the publication of Not Dark Yet: A personal history which has been described by Phillip Adams as "an evocative portrait of 20th century Australia …the attitudes, idiosyncrasies and prejudices of the era." Stranded Nation Stranded Nation: White Australia in an Asian Region is the sequel to "Anxious Nation" published by UWAP in 2019. Drawing on a wide variety of resources including archival records, literature and personal stories,this volume covers the evolution of Australia's engagement with Asia in the period of World War II and into the 1970s. This period saw Australia as a ‘white’ nation, with deep anxieties about Asia, seeking to convince both itself and its neighbours that it belonged within the Asian region. As Britain’s withdrew to Europe, Australia found an urgent need to come to an accommodation with Asia resulting in a desire for a greater understanding of the "Asian Psyche" and a gradual breaking down of the White Australia Policy. The Story of Australia The Story of Australia (2021) written with Louise C. Johnson and Tanja Lukins provides a fresh, engaging and comprehensive introduction to Australia’s history and geography. This new history integrates a rich body of scholarship from many disciplines and uses a great variety of sources from government reports and newspaper accounts to diaries, novels and art. It places emphasis on First Australians, women, the environment and urban Australia along with Australia’s history as an Asia Pacific nation. Happy Together: Bridging the Australia China Divide Happy Together: Bridging the Australia China Divide (Melbourne University Press) jointly written by Walker and Li Yao with the assistance of Karen Walker will be published in June 2022. The book tells the story of Li Yao, the foremost translator of Australian writing into Chinese. In the late nineteenth century, the Li family left famine-stricken Shanxi province in northern China to begin a new life on the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Li Yao grew up in Mao’s China and dreamed of becoming a writer. His dreams were torn apart by the Cultural Revolution. Li Yao’s story is interwoven with that of his friend David Walker. Both men were born at the same time (they are both Roosters by the Chinese zodiac) but grew up in very different worlds. This book illuminates not only personal histories but also China’s relations with Australia and the wider world. The novelist Alexis Wright has said of this book: "This richly detailed memoir takes us on a remarkable journey through a tumultuous period of Chinese history. It is also an unforgettable celebration of a friendship between renowned scholar and gifted translator Li Yao, and David Walker, a distinguished Australian historian which bridges cultures, history, and life experience. An inspiring and insightful story for our times, and all times" Other work Walker has co-edited Australia’s Asia: from Yellow Peril to Asian Century a selection of essays on the Australian engagement with Asia which was released in late 2012. In January 2013, Walker also published a collection of essays entitled Encountering Turbulence: Asia in the Australian Imaginary. BHP Chair of Australian Studies In November 2012, Walker was appointed as the inaugural BHP Professor in Australian Studies at Peking University. The chair was an initiative of the Australia-China Council, the Foundation for Australian Studies in China, BHP, Peking University and the Australian Department of Industry and was the first high-profile, privately funded Australian professorial position in China. In announcing Professor Walker's appointment, the Australian Minister for Trade, Craig Emerson said that the chair was an indication of the Australian government's commitment to encouraging Australia students to look to Asia as their future. It was consistent with the government response to the "Australia in the Asian Century White Paper", which aimed to have more Australian university students studying overseas and a greater proportion undertaking part of their degree in an Asian country by 2025. Emerson praised Walker as an outstanding ambassador for Australian education who would engage with Chinese researchers, students, government and the community to lift the profile of studies of Australian society, history and culture. Walker would also provide academic leadership to a network of more than 30 Australian Studies Centres in Chinese universities, which has been supported by the Australia-China Council for two decades. Professor Walker retired from the Chair in 2016 but has continued to support Australian Studies Centres throughout China. Awards and fellowships The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia elected Walker a fellow in 2001 and the Australian Academy of the Humanities bestowed the same honor in 2005. He received the Ernest Scott prize following the publication of Anxious Nation. In April 2012, Walker became the Alfred Deakin Professor of Australian Studies, the highest honour that Deakin University can bestow on its academic staff. Walker was awarded Membership of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours. References Living people 1945 births Australian historians People from Adelaide University of Adelaide alumni Academic staff of Deakin University Australian National University alumni
Jerzy "George" Kossek is a Polish nationally and internationally recognized educator, blues theorist, and blues promoter. He has actively promoted blues music in Poland over the last three decades. Educator Known to many as "Doctor Blues," Kossek has been teaching African-American history, culture, literature, and blues music since 1979 when he started his first ‘American Club’ in collaboration with the American Consulate General in Kraków, Poland under communism. His courses expose students to blues research, blues journalism and literature, blues performances, blues organizations, blues charities, and others. In his courses, Kossek educates about the role that the blues played in African-American history. He also focuses on blues theory, ways to preserve the blues, and how to implement the blues in teaching methods. He actively promotes creative writing of blues texts and poetry at Blues Poetic Café at the international Rawa Blues Festival which is held annually in Katowice, Poland. Kossek founded the European Academic Blues Center at the Academy of Business in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland, which researches all aspects of the blues as a cultural phenomenon, and the Ethnic Studies Center in Katowice, Poland. Kossek has been involved in organizing educational conferences and seminars focusing on the blues. He hosts a weekly, blues-oriented radio show every Sunday at 96.2 FM on Radio Silesia. Awards and recognition In 2015, he was awarded a Fulbright Senior Research grant to research the blues at six major U.S. universities. In 2015, he received the Keeping the Blues Alive award for blues education by the Blues Foundation. This organization presents the KBA Awards to individuals and organizations that have made significant contributions to blues music. The KBA ceremony is held in conjunction with the International Blues Challenge in Memphis, Tennessee. References External links Kossek at The Blues Foundation Hall of Fame Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Polish educators 20th-century Polish musicians 21st-century Polish musicians
William Meade Lindsley Fiske III (4 June 1911 – 17 August 1940) was an American combat fighter pilot and Olympic bobsledder. At the 1928 and 1932 Winter Olympics, Fiske won gold as driver for the US bobsledding team, also acting as the American Olympic flagbearer in 1932. When World War II broke out in 1939, Fiske traveled to the UK and joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, claiming to be Canadian in order to be permitted to enlist. He would participate in the Battle of Britain, before being killed in action on 17 August 1940. After Jimmy Davies, Fiske was the second American-born pilot killed in action during World War II, but Fiske has the distinction of being the first American-citizen pilot to be killed in action during World War II. His plaque was unveiled in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral, London. The inscription reads: An American citizen who died that England might live. Between his Olympic career and his military service, Fiske was instrumental in the early development of the Aspen ski resort. Fiske and his partner built the first ski lift and lodge in the remote Colorado mountain town. Others would continue their work after the war. Early life Fiske was born in Chicago in 1911, the son of Beulah and William Fiske, a New England banking magnate. He attended school in Chicago, and then went to school in France in 1924, where he discovered the sport of bobsled at the age of 16. Fiske attended Trinity Hall, Cambridge in 1928 where he studied Economics and History. In 1936 Ted Ryan, an heir of Thomas Fortune Ryan, brought some photographs of mountains near Aspen, Colorado, to Fiske. They had been given to Ryan by a man trying to interest him in investing in a mining claim. Fiske and Ryan, however, saw in them ideal terrain for downhill skiing, and the ski resort the pair had been talking about establishing in the United States, similar to those in the Alps where Fiske had competed in the Olympics. Fiske and Ryan visited Aspen, then a faded mining town decades removed from its boomtown years in the 1880s. Many of the abandoned properties around town were available for very low prices. Fiske bought an option on one, and he and Ryan had blueprints drawn up for a ski lodge. For the next season, they hired guides, including Swiss ski champion André Roch, then studying at Reed College in Oregon. The lodge opened at the end of 1937, and a few weeks later the Boat Tow, an early ski lift, opened. These events are considered the beginning of skiing in Aspen. Fiske then worked at the London office of Dillon, Reed & Co, the New York bankers. Fiske married Rose Bingham, Countess of Warwick, in Maidenhead. Bobsled career In 1928, as driver of the first five-man US Bobsled team to win the Olympics, Fiske became the youngest gold medalist in any winter sport (he was not eclipsed until 1992 by Toni Nieminen), aged just 16 years at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland. His American team-mates were Geoffrey Mason, Nion Tocker, Clifford Gray and Richard Parke. Fiske competed again at the 1932 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York, USA, where he carried the United States' flag at the opening ceremony. The format of the race was altered to a four-man team, but again Fiske and his team-mates, Clifford Gray, Eddie Eagan, and Jay O'Brien took gold. Fiske was invited, but declined to lead the bobsled team in the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany. It is believed by some that this decision was due to his disagreeing with the politics in Germany at the time, which may also explain his later decision to join the war effort in 1940. Fiske was also a Cresta Champion, and was well known for jumps from the Badrutt's Palace Hotel's bar chandelier in St. Moritz. World War II Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, Fiske was recalled to the New York offices of Dillon, Reed & Co, but on 30 August 1939 he returned to England aboard the Aquitania accompanying a bank colleague who was also a member of No. 601 (County of London) Auxiliary Air Force Squadron. Fiske was one of seven US aircrew personnel who fought in the Battle of Britain, although due to the neutrality of the United States, Fiske pretended to be a Canadian. He joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and was promoted to the rank of Pilot Officer on 23 March 1940. Fiske undertook his flying training at No. 10 Elementary Flying Training School at RAF Yatesbury, Wiltshire, before moving to RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire, for advanced flying training. As an American citizen, he "duly pledged his life and loyalty to the king, George VI," and was formally admitted into the RAF. In his diary, a joyous Fiske wrote, "I believe I can lay claim to being the first U.S. citizen to join the RAF in England after the outbreak of hostilities." On 12 July 1940, Fiske joined No. 601 Squadron RAF, a Hawker Hurricane unit, at RAF Tangmere, West Sussex, the so-called "Millionaires' Squadron", carrying out his first sorties with the squadron on 20 July, when he flew two patrols. On 16 August 1940, in the midst of the Battle of Britain, No. 601 Squadron RAF were scrambled to intercept a squadron of German dive-bombers. Fiske was flying Hurricane serial number P3358. The Squadron destroyed eight Junkers Ju 87 Stukas, but after just 15 minutes of flying time, a German gunner put a bullet through Fiske's fuel tank. With his aircraft badly damaged and his hands and ankles burnt, instead of bailing out, Fiske nursed his Hurricane home, gliding over a hedgerow to the airfield. Although he landed his aircraft safely back at Tangmere, Fiske had to be extracted from the aircraft by ambulance attendants. Shortly after, his fuel tank exploded. Fiske was taken to the Royal West Sussex Hospital in Chichester for treatment, but he died from surgical shock shortly afterwards, on 17 August. Fiske was 29 years old. Fiske's funeral took place on 20 August 1940. Six members of Tangmere's ground staff carried Fiske to his final resting place. His coffin, covered in the Union Jack and the Stars and Stripes, was borne on a bier to Boxgrove Priory Church and buried. Of Fiske's role in the Battle of Britain, Bill Bond, founder of the Battle of Britain Historical Society, wrote: Fiske's Flight Commander, Sir Archibald Philip Hope, 17th Baronet, added: Memorials and tributes Fiske is buried in St Mary and St Blaise churchyard in Boxgrove, Sussex. The inscription on his gravestone reads simply: He died for England. The funeral was publicized for propaganda purposes. A memorial stained glass window was dedicated to him on 17 September 2008 at Boxgrove Priory. At the dedication service, a number of former colleagues attended and his green Bentley car was on display. Fiske is listed on the Battle of Britain Monument in London and the Battle of Britain Memorial, Capel-le-Ferne. On 4 July 1941, a plaque was unveiled in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral, London. The inscription reads: An American citizen who died that England might live. The decision to unveil this plaque on American Independence Day was probably a political one; the United States had not officially joined the war and the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, was keen to popularise Fiske's story. The plaque was unveiled by Sir Archibald Sinclair, the Secretary of State for Air. He said at the ceremony: Here was a young man for whom life held much. Under no kind of compulsion he came to fight for Britain. He came and he fought and he died. Other tributes to Fiske include a memorial tablet dedicated to him in the crypt of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York. The United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation also created the Billy Fiske Memorial Trophy as a posthumous tribute to him. The trophy is awarded to the national champion four-man bobsled team each year. In addition to a 2005 documentary (American Warrior: Billy Fiske), Red Valley Productions performed a new play based on his life called Billy Fiske: King of Speed at the Alexandra Theatre, Bognor Regis from 20–25 July 2010. The Billy Fiske Foundation is currently working with the Wandsworth Council to finalise a site in Nine Elms Park near the U.S. embassy in London for the Billy Fiske statue. Artist Jenna Gearing was commissioned to create the work of art, which is sculpted in bronze. See also List of Battle of Britain pilots Non-British personnel in the RAF during the Battle of Britain References Notes Bibliography Cull, Nicholas J. Selling War: British Propaganda and American Neutrality in World War Two. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Hinckley, David. "Next Thrill: Billy Fiske Chapter 9." New York Daily News, 5 March 2003. Retrieved: 2 April 2009. Holmes, Tony. "Saga of Billy Fiske: Part One" Air Classics, Volume 39, no. 12, December 2003. Holmes, Tony. "Saga of Billy Fiske: Part Two" Air Classics, Volume 40, no. 1, January 2004. Hough, Sir Richard Alexander and Denis Richards. The Battle of Britain: The Greatest Air Battle of World War II. London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. . Lang, Walt N. United States Military Almanac. New York: Random House, 1989. . External links Billy Fiske Foundation Churchman's Cigarettes card 1932 US Olympic team BBC News article mentioning Billy Fiske Billy Fiske Pilot Officer Billy Fiske , from British Pathé 1911 births 1940 deaths Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge Aviators killed by being shot down Bobsledders at the 1928 Winter Olympics Bobsledders at the 1932 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for the United States in bobsleigh Bobsledders from Chicago Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II The Few Royal Air Force personnel killed in World War II Medalists at the 1928 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1932 Winter Olympics American male bobsledders American expatriates in the United Kingdom American Royal Air Force pilots of World War II Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1940 Military personnel from Chicago
"Can't Hold Us Down" is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera and rapper Lil' Kim for the former's fourth studio album Stripped (2002). It was released by RCA Records on July 8, 2003, as the fourth single from the album. The track was written and produced by Scott Storch, with additional songwriting by Aguilera and Matt Morris. An R&B and hip hop song with a dancehall outro, "Can't Hold Us Down" criticizes gender-related double standards. "Can't Hold Us Down" received mixed reviews from music critics. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 2004 ceremony, but lost to "Whenever I Say Your Name" by Sting and Mary J. Blige. The single peaked at number 12 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and charted within the top ten of record charts of several countries including Australia, Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The song was included on the setlists of Aguilera's four major concert tours: Justified and Stripped Tour (2003), the Stripped Tour (2003), Back to Basics Tour (2006–08) and the Liberation Tour (2018). A music video for "Can't Hold Us Down" was directed by David LaChapelle, inspired by the Lower East Side of New York City in the 1980s. The single has been widely recognized as a feminist anthem. Background and release American singer Christina Aguilera rose to prominence with the successes of her first three studio albums Christina Aguilera (1999), Mi Reflejo (2000), and My Kind of Christmas (2000). However, she was dissatisfied with being marketed as what her then-manager Steve Kurtz desired rather than Aguilera's own wish. In late 2000, Aguilera hired Irving Azoff as her new manager and announced that her forthcoming album would have more musical and lyrical depth. She named the album Stripped, explaining that the term represented "a new beginning, a re-introduction of [herself] as a new artist". Hip hop producer Scott Storch wrote and produced several tracks for the album, including "Can't Hold Us Down". Additional writing credits for the song were provided by Aguilera and Matt Morris. "Can't Hold Us Down" was serviced to mainstream radio and rhythmic stations in the United States as the fourth single from Stripped by RCA Records on July 8, 2003. The song was distributed as a CD single from September to October 2003 in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, and Italy by RCA Records and Sony Music Entertainment. A 12-inch edition of the song was released in the United States on September 9, 2003. Music and lyrics "Can't Hold Us Down" is written in the key of E♭ major. Chuck Taylor from Billboard described it as a R&B track, while The New York Timess Kelefa Sanneh characterized it as a hip hop song. Todd Burns writing for Stylus Magazine also noted elements of dancehall towards the end of the track. Aguilera and Kim's vocals on the track, which Taylor described as "faux-R&B", span two octaves, from F3 to F5. "Can't Hold Us Down" lyrically discusses feminism; the song criticizes "common" gender-related double standards, in which men are applauded for their sexual behaviors, while women who behave in a similar fashion are disdained. In the book Therapeutic Uses of Rap and Hip-Hop, Susan Hadley and George Yancy discuss that "Can't Hold Us Down" is a hip hop song that "encourages young women to be proud, strong, and empowered to be all that they can be". At the song's first verse, Aguilera sings "Call me a bitch 'cause I speak what's on my mind / Guess it's easier for you to swallow if I sat and smiled"; she later rejects that all women "should be seen, not heard" and encourages them to "shout louder" during the chorus. Aguilera comments on the double standard with the lyrics "The guy gets all the glory the more he can score / While the girl can do the same and yet you call her a whore". Lil' Kim shares a similar sentiment during her verse in the bridge, questioning why a man is able to give a woman "some sex or sex her raw" while "if the girl do the same and then she's a whore". Media outlets speculated that the lyrics of "Can't Hold Us Down" were directed towards rapper Eminem, who referred to Aguilera in his songs "Off the Wall" and "The Real Slim Shady". Spin magazine's Josh Kun wrote that Aguilera suggested Eminem "Must talk so big / To make up for smaller things". According to Kelefa Sanneh writing for The New York Times, Aguilera referred to Eminem in the lyrics "It's sad you only get your fame through controversy". Critical reception Upon its release, "Can't Hold Us Down" received mixed reviews from music critics. Chuck Taylor from Billboard criticized the song as a "real waste of time and talent", while Rolling Stones Jancee Dunn called the track "curiously lifeless". Stylus Magazines Todd Burns was critical of the song's "bland" lyrics yet appreciated the dancehall elements that emerged at the end of the track. Josh Kun of Spin praised the lyrics for being more confrontational than the works of her contemporary Britney Spears. Jacqueline Hodges writing for BBC Music appreciated Lil's Kim's inclusion on the track for adding "a bit of edge". "Can't Hold Us Down" was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 2004 Grammy Awards, but lost to "Whenever I Say Your Name" by Sting and Mary J. Blige. On reviewing Aguilera's greatest hits album, Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits in 2008, Nick Levine from Digital Spy shared disappointment because the song could not make it to the compilation. The song has been recognized as a feminist anthem. Nicholas Ransbottom from The Charleston Gazette placed the song on his list of the top ten songs of female empowerment in 2013, calling it a "great anthem about women sticking up for themselves in a misogynistic world". Several writers for The A.V. Club included the track on their list of seventeen "well-intended yet misguided feminist anthems" in 2010; they agreed that the song itself was "actually one of her better songs", although they felt that its accompanying music video overshadowed its lyrical "[confrontation of] the double standard of female sexuality" since Aguilera conducted herself in a provocative fashion that conflicted its intended meaning. Yasamin Saeidi from Burton Mail listed "Can't Hold Us Down" on her list of the "top ten empowering lady anthems" in 2013. According to Julianne Shepherd of Portland Mercury "Can't Hold Us Down" is a "valuable and important moment for feminist pop music". Commercial performance "Can't Hold Us Down" peaked at number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 3 on the Pop Songs chart. The song peaked at number 4 on the Canadian Singles Chart. In Australia, "Can't Hold Us Down" reached a peak position of number 5 on the Australian Singles Chart, and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 35,000 copies in the country. Additionally, it reached number 2 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. It peaked at number 4 on the Hungarian Singles Chart, number 5 on the Irish Singles Chart, and number 6 on the UK Singles Chart. On May 4, 2020, it was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry for shipments of 200,000 copies in the UK. The single charted at numbers 7 and 15 on the Belgian Flanders and Walloon Singles Charts, respectively. On the Danish Singles Chart, "Can't Hold Us Down" peaked at number 8, while its highest position on the German Media Control Charts was number 9. Music video The music video for "Can't Hold Us Down" was directed by David LaChapelle, who previously directed the music video for Strippeds lead single "Dirrty" in 2002. It was filmed in a Los Angeles soundstage that depicted a 1980s Lower East Side neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City. LaChapelle described the concept of the video as his "ode to the '80s". In the video, Aguilera wears a pink midriff shirt matching a sleeveless sports jacket and pair of shorts, a purple baseball cap embroidered with the words "Lady C", and white long socks. She is seen with dyed black hair and gold earrings. As the video starts with Aguilera is chatting with a group of women. When Aguilera leaves the conversation, a man suddenly grabs her butt, making Aguilera stop and causing an argument between them. As she continues to sing, the nearby women in the neighborhood join her, while the male dancers are joined and form their respective sides in the street. They performed their own hip hop dance skills against each other. At the bridge, Lil' Kim appears in a bikini and a mesh black coat, and dances in her high heels. The argument ends with Aguilera spraying the men with a water hose, which she holds between her legs and parodies the penis. Reception Jason Heller from The A.V. Club criticized LaChappelle for "[swallowing] the message" of the track by following an unrelated concept in the clip. In the book Music Video and the Politics of Representation, Diane Railton and Paul Watson felt that the video exemplified cultural appropriation, specifically noting how Aguilera conducted herself as an African-American woman, and elaborated that it emphasized "a range of issues concerning the representation of gender and race". Andy Cohn from The Fader provided a more favorable review, and opined that Aguilera's "sass" helped to highlight her mixed Irish-Ecuadorian background. The music video for "Can't Hold Us Down" has received scholarly attention as an example of cultural appropriation. Murali Balaji, author of the article "Vixen Resistin': Redefining black womanhood in hip-hop music videos" published in the Journal of Black Studies, noted that "blackness and sexuality" has become characteristics by which African-American women are able to self-define. Consequently, he opined that the inclusion of Lil' Kim in the clip represented an element of "'primitive' sexuality", which Aguilera intended to imitate through her own behavior in the video. In their article "Naughty girls and red-blooded women: Representations of female heterosexuality in music video", published in Feminist Media Studies, Diane Railton and Paul Watson made specific note of the conflicting message raised by the lyrics "all my girls around the world", while "blackness and whiteness are clearly inscribed on and through the bodies of Aguilera and Kim." They suggested that this example detracted the message of the track by emphasizing the problem that "female heterosexuality" is confined to "the very limited range of ways" in mainstream culture, in this instance "gender and race [and] sexual behaviour". Live performances Though Lil' Kim and Christina have not performed the song together, Aguilera performed "Can't Hold Us Down" on her Justified and Stripped Tour, which was held in support of Aguilera's Stripped and Justin Timberlake's album Justified (2002). In late 2003, the track was included on the setlist of the Stripped Tour, which acted as the Justified and Stripped Tour's extension and happened without Timberlake's acts. The performance in London was included on the singer's first full-length DVD Stripped Live in the U.K. (2004). On her Back to Basics Tour (2006–08), Aguilera performed excerpts of "Can't Hold Us Down" in a medley with "Still Dirrty". In July 2021, Aguilera performed the song for two nights at the Hollywood Bowl with Gustavo Dudamel and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. She also sang excerpts from the song during the 47th People's Choice Awards, and later made "Can't Hold Us Down" part of her setlist at the EuroPride concert in Malta in September 2023. Track listings CD single "Can't Hold Us Down" – "Can't Hold Us Down" (Sharp Boys Orange Vocal Remix) – "Can't Hold Us Down" (Jacknife Lee Remix) – 12-inch single "Can't Hold Us Down" (album version) – 4:15 "Can't Hold Us Down" (instrumental) – 4:29 "Can't Hold Us Down" (a capella) – 4:25 DVD single "Can't Hold Us Down" (video) – 4:15 "Can't Hold Us Down" (album version) – 4:15 "Beautiful" (Brother Brown Divine Remix) – 9:07 "Impossible" (Performance Snippet) – 1:00 "Get Mine, Get Yours" (Performance Snippet) – 1:00 Credits and personnel Credits adapted from "Can't Hold Us Down" CD liner notes Studios Mixed at the Record Plant, Los Angeles, CA Recorded at the Enterprise Studios, Burbank, CA, and Conway Studios, Hollywood Personnel Writing – Christina Aguilera, Scott Storch, Matt Morris Producing – Scott Storch Vocals arranging – Christina Aguilera Vocals producing – Christina Aguilera, E. Dawk Mixing – Tony Maserati Assistant mixing – Anthony Kilhoffer Recording – Wassim Zreik, Oscar Ramirez Assistant Engineering – Aaron Leply, John Morichai, Kevin Szymanski, Scott Whitting Drums – Kameron Houff Background vocals – Crystal Drummer. Charlean Hines, Erica King, Robinson, Toya Smith Lil' Kim appear courtesy of Queen Bee/Atlantic Recording Corporation Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history References Bibliography External links 2003 singles 2002 songs American hip hop songs Christina Aguilera songs Lil' Kim songs Manhattan in fiction Music videos directed by David LaChapelle RCA Records singles Song recordings produced by Scott Storch Songs with feminist themes Songs written by Christina Aguilera Songs written by Lil' Kim Songs written by Matt Morris (musician) Songs written by Scott Storch African-American cultural appropriation
```objective-c path_to_url Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. #pragma once #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/fuse_pass_base.h" namespace paddle { namespace framework { namespace ir { class Graph; class ConstantFoldingPass : public FusePassBase { public: ConstantFoldingPass(); virtual ~ConstantFoldingPass() {} protected: void ApplyImpl(ir::Graph* graph) const override; }; } // namespace ir } // namespace framework } // namespace paddle ```
Tiberio d'Assisi (circa 1470–1524) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active in the early 16th century. He painted in the style of Pietro Perugino. He is also known as Tiberio Diatelevi or Tiberio di Assisi. He painted a Madonna in the church of S. Martino, near Trevi; a Madonna and five scenes from the life of St. Francis (1512), in the church of San Francesco in Montefalco; a St. Sebastian for the church of San Fortunato in Montefalco; a Madonna in S. Domenico in Assisi, and Scenes from the life of St. Francis in Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in the same city (1518). Fresco work was discovered in Castel Ritaldi. Gallery References People from Assisi 15th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 16th-century Italian painters 1470 births Umbrian painters Italian Renaissance painters Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown Year of birth uncertain
TENEX is an operating system developed in 1969 by BBN for the PDP-10, which later formed the basis for Digital Equipment Corporation's TOPS-20 operating system. Background In the 1960s, BBN was involved in a number of LISP-based artificial intelligence projects for DARPA, many of which had very large (for the era) memory requirements. One solution to this problem was to add paging software to the LISP language, allowing it to write out unused portions of memory to disk for later recall if needed. One such system had been developed for the PDP-1 at MIT by Daniel Murphy before he joined BBN. Early DEC machines were based on an 18-bit word, allowing addresses to encode for a 256 kiloword memory. The machines were based on expensive core memory and included nowhere near the required amount. The pager used the most significant bits of the address to index a table of blocks on a magnetic drum that acted as the pager's backing store. The software would fetch the pages if needed, and then resolve the address to the proper area of RAM. In 1964 DEC announced the PDP-6. DEC was still heavily involved with MIT's AI Lab, and many feature requests from the LISP hackers were moved into this machine. 36-bit computing was especially useful for LISP programming because with an 18-bit address space, a word of storage on these systems contained two addresses, a perfect match for the common LISP CAR and CDR operations. BBN became interested in buying one for their AI work when they became available, but wanted DEC to add a hardware version of Murphy's pager directly into the system. With such an addition, every program on the system would have paging support invisibly, making it much easier to do any sort of programming on the machine. DEC was initially interested, but soon (1966) announced they were in fact dropping the PDP-6 and concentrating solely on their smaller 18-bit and new 16-bit lines. The PDP-6 was expensive and complex, and had not sold well for these reasons. It was not long until it became clear that DEC was once again entering the 36-bit business with what would become the PDP-10. BBN started talks with DEC to get a paging subsystem in the new machine, then known by its CPU name, the KA-10. DEC was not terribly interested. However, one development of these talks was support for a second virtual memory segment, allowing half of the user address space to be mapped to a separate (potentially read-only) region of physical memory. Additionally, DEC was firm on keeping the cost of the machine as low as possible, such as supporting bare-bones systems with a minimum of 16K words of core, and omitting the fast semiconductor register option (substituting core), at the cost of a considerable performance decrease. BBN and PDP-10s BBN nevertheless went ahead with its purchase of several PDP-10s, and decided to build their own hardware pager. During this period a debate began on what operating system to run on the new machines. Strong arguments were made for the continued use of TOPS-10, in order to keep their existing software running with minimum effort. This would require a re-write of TOPS-10 to support the paging system, and this seemed like a major problem. At the same time, TOPS-10 did not support a number of features the developers wanted. In the end they decided to make a new system, but include an emulation library that would allow it to run existing TOPS-10 software with minor effort. The developer team—amongst them Daniel Murphy and Daniel G. Bobrow—chose the name TENEX (TEN-EXtended) for the new system. It included a full virtual memory system—that is, not only could programs access a full 18 bit address space of 262144 words of virtual memory, every program could do so at the same time. The pager system would handle mapping as it would always, copying data to and from the backing store as needed. The only change needed was for the pager to be able to hold several sets of mappings between RAM and store, one for each program using the system. The pager also held access time information in order to tune performance. The resulting pager was fairly complex, filling a full-height 19" rackmount chassis. One notable feature of TENEX was its user-oriented command line interpreter. Unlike typical systems of the era, TENEX deliberately used long command names and even included non-significant noise words to further expand the commands for clarity. For instance, Unix uses ls to print a list of files in a directory, whereas TENEX used DIRECTORY (OF FILES). "DIRECTORY" was the command word, "(OF FILES)" was noise added to make the purpose of the command clearer. To relieve users of the need to type these long commands, TENEX used a command completion system that understood unambiguously abbreviated command words, and expanded partial command words into complete words or phrases. For instance, the user could type DIR and the escape key, at which point TENEX would replace DIR with the full command. The completion feature also worked with file names, which took some effort on the part of the interpreter, and the system allowed for long file names with human-readable descriptions. TENEX also included a command recognition help system: typing a question mark (?), printed out a list of possible matching commands and then return the user to the command line with the question mark removed. The command line completion and help live on in current CLIs like tcsh. From TENEX to TOPS-20 TENEX became fairly popular in the small PDP-10 market, and the external pager hardware developed into a small business of its own. In early 1970 DEC started work on an upgrade to the PDP-10 processor, the KI-10. BBN once again attempted to get DEC to support a complex pager with indirect page tables, but instead DEC decided on a much simpler single-level page mapping system. This compromise impacted system sales; by this point TENEX was the most popular customer-written PDP-10 operating systems, but it would not run on the new, faster KI-10s. To correct this problem, the DEC PDP-10 sales manager purchased the rights to TENEX from BBN and set up a project to port it to the new machine. At around this time Murphy moved from BBN to DEC as well, helping on the porting project. Most of the work centered on emulating the BBN pager hardware in a combination of software and the KI-10's simpler hardware. The speed of the KI-10 compared to the PDP-6 made this possible. Additionally the porting effort required a number of new device drivers to support the newer backing store devices being used. Just as the new TENEX was shipping, DEC started work on the KL-10, intended to be a low-cost version of the KI-10. While this was going on, Stanford University AI programmers, many of them MIT alumni, were working on their own project to build a PDP-10 that was ten times faster than the original KA-10. The project evolved into the Foonly line of computers. DEC visited them and many of their ideas were then folded into the KL-10 project. The same year IBM also announced their own machine with virtual memory, making it a standard requirement for any computer. In the end the KL integrated a number of major changes to the system, but did not end up being any lower in cost. From the start, the new DECSYSTEM-20 would run a version of TENEX as its default operating system. Functional upgrades for the KL-10 processor architecture were limited. The most significant new feature (called extended addressing) was modified pager microcode running on a Model B hardware revision to enlarge the user virtual address space. Some effective address calculations by instructions located beyond the original 18-bit address space were performed to 30 significant bits, although only a 23-bit virtual address space was supported. Program code located in the original 18-bit address space had unchanged semantics, for backward compatibility. The first in-house code name for the operating system was VIROS (VIRtual memory Operating System); when customers started asking questions, the name was changed to SNARK so that DEC could truthfully deny that there was any project called VIROS. When the name SNARK became known, the name was briefly reversed to become KRANS; this was quickly abandoned when someone objected that "krans" meant "funeral wreath" in Swedish (though it simply means "wreath"; this part of the story may be apocryphal). Ultimately DEC picked TOPS-20 as the name of the operating system, and it was as TOPS-20 that it was marketed. The hacker community, mindful of its origins, quickly dubbed it TWENEX (a portmanteau of "twenty TENEX"), even though by this point very little of the original TENEX code remained (analogously to the differences between AT&T V7 Unix and BSD). DEC people cringed when they heard "TWENEX", but the term caught on nevertheless (the written abbreviation "20x" was also used). TWENEX was successful and very popular; in fact, there was a period in the early 1980s when it commanded as fervent a culture of partisans as Unix or ITS—but DEC's decision to scrap all the internal rivals to the VAX architecture and its VMS operating system killed the DEC-20 and put an end to TWENEX's brief period of popularity. DEC attempted to convince TOPS-20 users to convert to VMS, but instead, by the late 1980s, most of the TOPS-20 users had migrated to Unix. A loyal group of TOPS-20 enthusiasts kept working on various projects to preserve and extend TOPS-20, notably Mark Crispin and the Panda TOPS-20 distribution. See also Time-sharing system evolution References Some text in this article was taken from The Jargon File entry on "TWENEX", which is in the public domain. Further reading Daniel G. Bobrow, Jerry D. Burchfiel, Daniel L. Murphy, Raymond S. Tomlinson, "TENEX, A Paged Time Sharing System for the PDP-10", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 15, pages 135–143, March 1972. Discontinued operating systems Time-sharing operating systems 1969 software
Éric Elena (born August 6, 1962) is a Monégasque politician. He was elected to the National Council as the sole politician from the Renaissance party in the 2013 Monegasque election. He is also president of the Monaco Basketball Association. He is the brother of rally co-driver Daniel Elena. References Living people 1962 births Members of the National Council (Monaco)
The Alien is the eighth book in the Animorphs series, written by K. A. Applegate. It is the first book narrated by Ax. Plot After destroying both the Kandrona and the Veleek, the Animorphs assumed that they would see people freeing themselves of the Yeerks. They are disappointed until the day they take Ax to the cinema. A man's Yeerk is seen dying publicly. However, a Controller-policeman kills the free man. The Animorphs take Ax to the school as Philip, Jake's cousin, and a Yeerk who controlled one of Jake's teachers is seen dying as well. Chapman appears, orders the students to leave, and kills the non-Controller teacher. Jake and the other Animorphs become very angry with Ax, since Ax knew the Yeerks would kill abandoned hosts (along with much more Andalite knowledge), but would not share with the humans. Innocent people are dying as a result of their actions. Ax retorts that they would not have destroyed the Kandrona had they known the consequences, to which Jake replies that Ax still has a lot to learn about humans. The next day, he meets with Marco to go to a bookshop in hopes that Ax would trust them if they trusted him. However, Marco forgets the money they collected for him to buy a book at home, so he and Ax go to Marco's house to pick it up. While Ax waits for Marco in the living room, he plays what he thinks is a game on Marco's father's computer. It turns out that he had developed a new system for a radio telescope that was very advanced. With Tobias's help, Ax goes to the observatory and he uses it to communicate with his home world. There, an Andalite made him assume all the responsibility for Elfangor's actions and is consequently forgiven. While Ax is speaking with his father, he is interrupted by a Controller whose loved one had died when Visser Three chose to sacrifice her after the Kandrona's destruction. To avenge her, he tells Ax where and when Visser Three feeds his Andalite body. Ax decides to go alone and not tell the others about the information he received. He poisons Visser Three by morphing into a rattlesnake and biting him. As Ax is about to die, the Animorphs arrive to save him. With his host body having been poisoned, the Yeerk Visser Three leaves the body. However, Ax is unable to kill a fellow Andalite despite being asked to do so, so Visser Three's host Alloran-Semitur-Corrass asks him to tell his family that he is still alive and that he has not lost hope. Ax returns to the observatory, calls his home planet, and delivers Alloran's message. He announces Earth is his new home, and that he will tell the Animorphs everything. Ax tells the Animorphs that Seerow was the first Andalite to go to the Yeerk home planet, and that he felt sorry for the Yeerks and gave them the technology they later used to conquer the world. Contrary to what Ax had expected, the others did not blame the Andalites for their problem. They recognized the good action and how to learn from mistakes, and told him that humans and Andalites share the same goal: freedom. Inconsistencies Tobias talks to Ax (in human morph) and the other Animorphs using thought-speak. However, Ax doesn't respond, saying that since he was in human morph he is limited to human speech. This is an inconsistency, as Ax's human morph is still a morph, and he should still be able to use thought-speak. This is later corrected in later novels, such as The Proposal, where Ax (in human morph) communicates with the others using thought-speak. Morphs Re-release Scholastic re-released this book in September 2012, but only on the Amazon Kindle and other eBook services. References Christine Hepperman, "Invasion of the Anomorphs," The Horn Book Magazine, Boston, Vol. 74, No. 1, (Jan/Feb 1998): 53-56. External links Animorphs books 1997 American novels 1997 science fiction novels American science fiction novels Fiction portraying humans as aliens Novels about extraterrestrial life
Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci is a municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Matawinie Regional County Municipality. Demographics Population Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 619 (total dwellings: 1206) Language Mother tongue: English as first language: 2.7% French as first language: 93.2% English and French as first language: 0.9% Other as first language: 2.7% Education Commission scolaire des Samares operates Francophone public schools: Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci — Saint-Émile (pavillon Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci) Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates Anglophone public schools: Rawdon Elementary School in Rawdon Joliette High School in Joliette Notable people Ray Daviault , Baseball pitcher for the New York Mets See also List of municipalities in Quebec References Incorporated places in Lanaudière Municipalities in Quebec Matawinie Regional County Municipality
Śāsana (, śāsana; ) is a Buddhist term for their philosophy and practice. It can be translated as teaching, practice, discipline, doctrine, and "the teaching of the Buddha". Since in Buddhism there is no divine being, Śāsana is considered a more accurate description than "religion" as it avoids the implication of a non-changing divine call from an all-knowing god. Śāsana is also used for the 5000-year Buddha's Dispensation; the current śāsana is that of Śakyamuni Buddha. References Buddhist philosophical concepts
```go // // // path_to_url // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. package util import ( "crypto/x509" "encoding/pem" "errors" "fmt" "istio.io/istio/pilot/pkg/keycertbundle" ) type ConfigError struct { err error reason string } func (e ConfigError) Error() string { return e.err.Error() } func (e ConfigError) Reason() string { return e.reason } func LoadCABundle(caBundleWatcher *keycertbundle.Watcher) ([]byte, error) { caBundle := caBundleWatcher.GetCABundle() if err := VerifyCABundle(caBundle); err != nil { return nil, &ConfigError{err, "could not verify caBundle"} } return caBundle, nil } func VerifyCABundle(caBundle []byte) error { block, _ := pem.Decode(caBundle) if block == nil { return errors.New("could not decode pem") } if block.Type != "CERTIFICATE" { return fmt.Errorf("cert contains wrong pem type: %q", block.Type) } if _, err := x509.ParseCertificate(block.Bytes); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("cert contains invalid x509 certificate: %v", err) } return nil } ```
```python """ Test that all objects can be released. """ def test_texture(ctx): tex = ctx.texture((4, 4), 4) tex.release() def test_texture_array(ctx): tex = ctx.texture_array((4, 4, 4), 4) tex.release() def test_texture_cube(ctx): tex = ctx.texture_cube((4, 4), 4) tex.release() def test_texture_3d(ctx): tex = ctx.texture3d((4, 4, 4), 4) tex.release() def test_renderbuffer(ctx): rbo = ctx.renderbuffer((4, 4)) rbo.release() def test_buffer(ctx): buf = ctx.buffer(reserve=4) buf.release() def test_framebuffer(ctx): fbo = ctx.framebuffer(ctx.renderbuffer((4, 4))) fbo.release() def test_vertex_array(ctx): vao = ctx.vertex_array(ctx.program( vertex_shader=""" #version 330 void main() { gl_Position = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); } """, ), []) vao.release() def test_sampler(ctx): smp = ctx.sampler() smp.release() def test_scope(ctx): fbo = ctx.simple_framebuffer((4, 4)) scope = ctx.scope(framebuffer=fbo) fbo.release() scope.release() ```
Coke Kahani () is a 2012 Pakistani comedy drama sitcom directed by Mehreen Jabbar broadcasting on Broadcast syndication including PTV Home, Hum TV, Geo TV and other networks. The sitcom is written by Syed Mohammad Ahmed and Yasir Rana, starring Sonia Rehman, Faisal Rehman, Syra Yousuf, Syed Mohammad Ahmed, Yasir Hussain, Ahmed Zeb, Shamim Hilali. The sitcom was first aired on 3 November 2012. Plot The TV series details the life of a young woman (Zoya) who is trying to resolve tensions between her father (Asfand) who runs a restaurant in city of Karachi called Alfonso, and mother (Maya) an artist residing in Florida. With the help of friends, she takes on the task of saving her family restaurant from going into ruins, and her family from breaking into pieces. The seamless, simple story of genuine human emotions of belonging, compassion, and love has deeper undercurrents that flow throughout the story, shedding light on various social realities pertaining to the South Asian region: identity politics, patriotism and the evolution of a hybrid culture of modernity and traditionalism. It is not the story of landlords and big business tycoons, nor does it focus on glamorous lifestyles; it is an everyday tale of ordinary people tackling ordinary issues. The kahani (story) revolves around the lives and dreams of characters from diverse socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds – reflecting the multicultural metro that is Karachi. Cast Sonia Rehman as Maya Faisal Rehman as Asfand Jehangir Syra Yousuf as Zoya Syed Mohammad Ahmed as Mutmain Sahib Yasir Hussain as Beydil Ahmed Zeb as Raiyaan Shamim Hilali as Nusrat Almas Fidai as Ruqaiya Mahira Khan as Herself (Special appearance) References External links Hum TV original programming Urdu-language television shows Pakistan Television Corporation original programming 2012 Pakistani television series debuts Pakistani drama television series Pakistani television sitcoms Urdu 1 original programming Urdu 1 Television shows set in Karachi 2000s Pakistani television series Yasir Hussain Coca-Cola in popular culture
```yaml - op: add path: /spec/template/spec/securityContext value: fsGroup: 65534 ```
Plain clothing may refer to: Plain dress, the dress of Anabaptist groups like the Amish Undercover operation, an operation to avoid detection
```javascript module.exports = { generateBuildId() { return 'testing-build-id'; }, basePath: '/docs', }; ```
```makefile ################################################################################ # # xlib_libXcursor # ################################################################################ XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_VERSION = 1.1.14 XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_SOURCE = libXcursor-$(XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_VERSION).tar.bz2 XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_SITE = path_to_url XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_LICENSE = MIT XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_LICENSE_FILES = COPYING XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_INSTALL_STAGING = YES XLIB_LIBXCURSOR_DEPENDENCIES = xlib_libX11 xlib_libXfixes xlib_libXrender xproto_xproto $(eval $(autotools-package)) $(eval $(host-autotools-package)) ```
2 Hare Court is a barristers' chambers specialising in criminal and regulatory law, located in the Inner Temple, one of the four Inns of court. Established in the 1967, It employs 61 barristers, including 16 King's Counsel and several former prosecutors, including those who have acted as First Senior, Senior and Junior Treasury Counsel – barristers appointed by the Attorney General to prosecute the most serious and complex criminal cases to come before the courts. History 2 Hare Court is a Grade I listed building that houses barristers' chambers in the Inner Temple. It was named after a nephew of Sir Nicholas Hare, also named Nicholas Hare, who built the first set in 1567. The original buildings were destroyed in a fire in 1678, and the building which is now 1 Hare Court dates from the reconstruction. In 2000, 2 Hare Court building was extensively refurbished. Practice areas The set's practice areas include: Business Crime Regulatory law Fraud Health and Safety Professional Discipline Sport, Media and Entertainment Notable members Members of chambers have prosecuted and defended in many high-profile criminal cases, including murder and terrorism, with head of chambers Jonathan Laidlaw KC defending News International chief executive Rebekah Brooks accused of phone hacking, Oliver Glasgow KC prosecuting Constance Briscoe, barrister and a part-time judge who was imprisoned for perverting the course of justice in the Chris Huhne scandal, Robert Rinder, barrister specialising in financial crime best known for his role on the reality courtroom series Judge Rinder, who in September 2016 became the first daytime TV judge to compete in the fourteenth series of Strictly Come Dancing, and Orlando Pownall KC who represented the Premier League footballer Adam Johnson at a trial over child sex allegations. Former notable members Former members include The Hon. Mr Justice Edis, who practised in chambers until 2013 when he was appointed a Justice of the High Court, and Dame Bobbie Cheema-Grubb, former member who practised in chambers until November 2015, when she was appointed a High Court judge. David Pannick KC, former member, acted for the lead claimant Gina Miller in the historic 11-justice Supreme Court case. See also Criminal justice Criminal defence References External links Judge Rinder & Oksana Platero dance the Cha Cha to 'Mercy' – Strictly Come Dancing 2016 The Lammy Review: Seminar hosted by 2 Hare Court chambers at Kings College London Judge Robert Rinder on his way to chambers Barristers' chambers in the United Kingdom 1950 establishments in the United Kingdom Law firms based in London Law firms of England Criminal defense organizations Law firms established in 1950 Government lawyers Inner Temple
```objective-c /* QOI - The "Quite OK Image" format for fast, lossless image compression -- About QOI encodes and decodes images in a lossless format. Compared to stb_image and stb_image_write QOI offers 20x-50x faster encoding, 3x-4x faster decoding and 20% better compression. -- Synopsis // Define `QOI_IMPLEMENTATION` in one C/C++ file before including this // library to create the implementation. #define QOI_IMPLEMENTATION #include "qoi.h" // Encode and store an RGBA buffer to the file system. The qoi_desc describes // the input pixel data. qoi_write("image_new.qoi", rgba_pixels, &(qoi_desc){ .width = 1920, .height = 1080, .channels = 4, .colorspace = QOI_SRGB }); // Load and decode a QOI image from the file system into a 32bbp RGBA buffer. // The qoi_desc struct will be filled with the width, height, number of channels // and colorspace read from the file header. qoi_desc desc; void rgba_pixels = qoi_read("image.qoi", &desc, 4); -- Documentation This library provides the following functions; - qoi_read -- read and decode a QOI file - qoi_decode -- decode the raw bytes of a QOI image from memory - qoi_write -- encode and write a QOI file - qoi_encode -- encode an rgba buffer into a QOI image in memory See the function declaration below for the signature and more information. If you don't want/need the qoi_read and qoi_write functions, you can define QOI_NO_STDIO before including this library. This library uses malloc() and free(). To supply your own malloc implementation you can define QOI_MALLOC and QOI_FREE before including this library. This library uses memset() to zero-initialize the index. To supply your own implementation you can define QOI_ZEROARR before including this library. -- Data Format A QOI file has a 14 byte header, followed by any number of data "chunks" and an 8-byte end marker. struct qoi_header_t { char magic[4]; // magic bytes "qoif" uint32_t width; // image width in pixels (BE) uint32_t height; // image height in pixels (BE) uint8_t channels; // 3 = RGB, 4 = RGBA uint8_t colorspace; // 0 = sRGB with linear alpha, 1 = all channels linear }; Images are encoded row by row, left to right, top to bottom. The decoder and encoder start with {r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 255} as the previous pixel value. An image is complete when all pixels specified by width height have been covered. Pixels are encoded as - a run of the previous pixel - an index into an array of previously seen pixels - a difference to the previous pixel value in r,g,b - full r,g,b or r,g,b,a values The color channels are assumed to not be premultiplied with the alpha channel ("un-premultiplied alpha"). A running array[64] (zero-initialized) of previously seen pixel values is maintained by the encoder and decoder. Each pixel that is seen by the encoder and decoder is put into this array at the position formed by a hash function of the color value. In the encoder, if the pixel value at the index matches the current pixel, this index position is written to the stream as QOI_OP_INDEX. The hash function for the index is: index_position = (r * 3 + g * 5 + b * 7 + a * 11) % 64 Each chunk starts with a 2- or 8-bit tag, followed by a number of data bits. The bit length of chunks is divisible by 8 - i.e. all chunks are byte aligned. All values encoded in these data bits have the most significant bit on the left. The 8-bit tags have precedence over the 2-bit tags. A decoder must check for the presence of an 8-bit tag first. The byte stream's end is marked with 7 0x00 bytes followed a single 0x01 byte. The possible chunks are: .- QOI_OP_INDEX ----------. \| Byte[0] \| \| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 \| \|-------+-----------------\| \| 0 0 \| index \| `-------------------------` 2-bit tag b00 6-bit index into the color index array: 0..63 A valid encoder must not issue 2 or more consecutive QOI_OP_INDEX chunks to the same index. QOI_OP_RUN should be used instead. .- QOI_OP_DIFF -----------. \| Byte[0] \| \| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 \| \|-------+-----+-----+-----\| \| 0 1 \| dr \| dg \| db \| `-------------------------` 2-bit tag b01 2-bit red channel difference from the previous pixel between -2..1 2-bit green channel difference from the previous pixel between -2..1 2-bit blue channel difference from the previous pixel between -2..1 The difference to the current channel values are using a wraparound operation, so "1 - 2" will result in 255, while "255 + 1" will result in 0. Values are stored as unsigned integers with a bias of 2. E.g. -2 is stored as 0 (b00). 1 is stored as 3 (b11). The alpha value remains unchanged from the previous pixel. .- QOI_OP_LUMA -------------------------------------. \| Byte[0] \| Byte[1] \| \| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 \| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 \| \|-------+-----------------+-------------+-----------\| \| 1 0 \| green diff \| dr - dg \| db - dg \| `---------------------------------------------------` 2-bit tag b10 6-bit green channel difference from the previous pixel -32..31 4-bit red channel difference minus green channel difference -8..7 4-bit blue channel difference minus green channel difference -8..7 The green channel is used to indicate the general direction of change and is encoded in 6 bits. The red and blue channels (dr and db) base their diffs off of the green channel difference and are encoded in 4 bits. I.e.: dr_dg = (cur_px.r - prev_px.r) - (cur_px.g - prev_px.g) db_dg = (cur_px.b - prev_px.b) - (cur_px.g - prev_px.g) The difference to the current channel values are using a wraparound operation, so "10 - 13" will result in 253, while "250 + 7" will result in 1. Values are stored as unsigned integers with a bias of 32 for the green channel and a bias of 8 for the red and blue channel. The alpha value remains unchanged from the previous pixel. .- QOI_OP_RUN ------------. \| Byte[0] \| \| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 \| \|-------+-----------------\| \| 1 1 \| run \| `-------------------------` 2-bit tag b11 6-bit run-length repeating the previous pixel: 1..62 The run-length is stored with a bias of -1. Note that the run-lengths 63 and 64 (b111110 and b111111) are illegal as they are occupied by the QOI_OP_RGB and QOI_OP_RGBA tags. .- QOI_OP_RGB ------------------------------------------. \| Byte[0] \| Byte[1] \| Byte[2] \| Byte[3] \| \| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 \| 7 .. 0 \| 7 .. 0 \| 7 .. 0 \| \|-------------------------+---------+---------+---------\| \| 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 \| red \| green \| blue \| `-------------------------------------------------------` 8-bit tag b11111110 8-bit red channel value 8-bit green channel value 8-bit blue channel value The alpha value remains unchanged from the previous pixel. .- QOI_OP_RGBA ---------------------------------------------------. \| Byte[0] \| Byte[1] \| Byte[2] \| Byte[3] \| Byte[4] \| \| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 \| 7 .. 0 \| 7 .. 0 \| 7 .. 0 \| 7 .. 0 \| \|-------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------\| \| 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \| red \| green \| blue \| alpha \| `your_sha256_hash-` 8-bit tag b11111111 8-bit red channel value 8-bit green channel value 8-bit blue channel value 8-bit alpha channel value / / your_sha256_hash------------- Header - Public functions / #ifndef QOI_H #define QOI_H #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif / A pointer to a qoi_desc struct has to be supplied to all of qoi's functions. It describes either the input format (for qoi_write and qoi_encode), or is filled with the description read from the file header (for qoi_read and qoi_decode). The colorspace in this qoi_desc is an enum where 0 = sRGB, i.e. gamma scaled RGB channels and a linear alpha channel 1 = all channels are linear You may use the constants QOI_SRGB or QOI_LINEAR. The colorspace is purely informative. It will be saved to the file header, but does not affect how chunks are en-/decoded. / #define QOI_SRGB 0 #define QOI_LINEAR 1 typedef struct { unsigned int width; unsigned int height; unsigned char channels; unsigned char colorspace; } qoi_desc; #ifndef QOI_NO_STDIO / Encode raw RGB or RGBA pixels into a QOI image and write it to the file system. The qoi_desc struct must be filled with the image width, height, number of channels (3 = RGB, 4 = RGBA) and the colorspace. The function returns 0 on failure (invalid parameters, or fopen or malloc failed) or the number of bytes written on success. / int qoi_write(const char filename, const void data, const qoi_desc desc); /* Read and decode a QOI image from the file system. If channels is 0, the number of channels from the file header is used. If channels is 3 or 4 the output format will be forced into this number of channels. The function either returns NULL on failure (invalid data, or malloc or fopen failed) or a pointer to the decoded pixels. On success, the qoi_desc struct will be filled with the description from the file header. The returned pixel data should be free()d after use. / void qoi_read(const char filename, qoi_desc desc, int channels); #endif /* QOI_NO_STDIO / / Encode raw RGB or RGBA pixels into a QOI image in memory. The function either returns NULL on failure (invalid parameters or malloc failed) or a pointer to the encoded data on success. On success the out_len is set to the size in bytes of the encoded data. The returned qoi data should be free()d after use. / void qoi_encode(const void data, const qoi_desc desc, int out_len); / Decode a QOI image from memory. The function either returns NULL on failure (invalid parameters or malloc failed) or a pointer to the decoded pixels. On success, the qoi_desc struct is filled with the description from the file header. The returned pixel data should be free()d after use. / void qoi_decode(const void data, int size, qoi_desc desc, int channels); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* QOI_H / / your_sha256_hash------------- Implementation / #ifdef QOI_IMPLEMENTATION #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #ifndef QOI_MALLOC #define QOI_MALLOC(sz) malloc(sz) #define QOI_FREE(p) free(p) #endif #ifndef QOI_ZEROARR #define QOI_ZEROARR(a) memset((a),0,sizeof(a)) #endif #define QOI_OP_INDEX 0x00 / 00xxxxxx / #define QOI_OP_DIFF 0x40 / 01xxxxxx / #define QOI_OP_LUMA 0x80 / 10xxxxxx / #define QOI_OP_RUN 0xc0 / 11xxxxxx / #define QOI_OP_RGB 0xfe / 11111110 / #define QOI_OP_RGBA 0xff / 11111111 / #define QOI_MASK_2 0xc0 / 11000000 / #define QOI_COLOR_HASH(C) (C.rgba.r3 + C.rgba.g5 + C.rgba.b7 + C.rgba.a11) #define QOI_MAGIC \ (((unsigned int)'q') << 24 \| ((unsigned int)'o') << 16 \| \ ((unsigned int)'i') << 8 \| ((unsigned int)'f')) #define QOI_HEADER_SIZE 14 / 2GB is the max file size that this implementation can safely handle. We guard against anything larger than that, assuming the worst case with 5 bytes per pixel, rounded down to a nice clean value. 400 million pixels ought to be enough for anybody. / #define QOI_PIXELS_MAX ((unsigned int)400000000) typedef union { struct { unsigned char r, g, b, a; } rgba; unsigned int v; } qoi_rgba_t; static const unsigned char qoi_padding[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}; static void qoi_write_32(unsigned char bytes, int p, unsigned int v) { bytes[(p)++] = (0xff000000 & v) >> 24; bytes[(p)++] = (0x00ff0000 & v) >> 16; bytes[(p)++] = (0x0000ff00 & v) >> 8; bytes[(p)++] = (0x000000ff & v); } static unsigned int qoi_read_32(const unsigned char bytes, int p) { unsigned int a = bytes[(p)++]; unsigned int b = bytes[(p)++]; unsigned int c = bytes[(p)++]; unsigned int d = bytes[(p)++]; return a << 24 \| b << 16 \| c << 8 \| d; } void qoi_encode(const void data, const qoi_desc desc, int out_len) { int i, max_size, p, run; int px_len, px_end, px_pos, channels; unsigned char bytes; const unsigned char pixels; qoi_rgba_t index[64]; qoi_rgba_t px, px_prev; if ( data == NULL \|\| out_len == NULL \|\| desc == NULL \|\| desc->width == 0 \|\| desc->height == 0 \|\| desc->channels < 3 \|\| desc->channels > 4 \|\| desc->colorspace > 1 \|\| desc->height >= QOI_PIXELS_MAX / desc->width ) { return NULL; } max_size = desc->width desc->height * (desc->channels + 1) + QOI_HEADER_SIZE + sizeof(qoi_padding); p = 0; bytes = (unsigned char ) QOI_MALLOC(max_size); if (!bytes) { return NULL; } qoi_write_32(bytes, &p, QOI_MAGIC); qoi_write_32(bytes, &p, desc->width); qoi_write_32(bytes, &p, desc->height); bytes[p++] = desc->channels; bytes[p++] = desc->colorspace; pixels = (const unsigned char )data; QOI_ZEROARR(index); run = 0; px_prev.rgba.r = 0; px_prev.rgba.g = 0; px_prev.rgba.b = 0; px_prev.rgba.a = 255; px = px_prev; px_len = desc->width * desc->height * desc->channels; px_end = px_len - desc->channels; channels = desc->channels; for (px_pos = 0; px_pos < px_len; px_pos += channels) { px.rgba.r = pixels[px_pos + 0]; px.rgba.g = pixels[px_pos + 1]; px.rgba.b = pixels[px_pos + 2]; if (channels == 4) { px.rgba.a = pixels[px_pos + 3]; } if (px.v == px_prev.v) { run++; if (run == 62 \|\| px_pos == px_end) { bytes[p++] = QOI_OP_RUN \| (run - 1); run = 0; } } else { int index_pos; if (run > 0) { bytes[p++] = QOI_OP_RUN \| (run - 1); run = 0; } index_pos = QOI_COLOR_HASH(px) % 64; if (index[index_pos].v == px.v) { bytes[p++] = QOI_OP_INDEX \| index_pos; } else { index[index_pos] = px; if (px.rgba.a == px_prev.rgba.a) { signed char vr = px.rgba.r - px_prev.rgba.r; signed char vg = px.rgba.g - px_prev.rgba.g; signed char vb = px.rgba.b - px_prev.rgba.b; signed char vg_r = vr - vg; signed char vg_b = vb - vg; if ( vr > -3 && vr < 2 && vg > -3 && vg < 2 && vb > -3 && vb < 2 ) { bytes[p++] = QOI_OP_DIFF \| (vr + 2) << 4 \| (vg + 2) << 2 \| (vb + 2); } else if ( vg_r > -9 && vg_r < 8 && vg > -33 && vg < 32 && vg_b > -9 && vg_b < 8 ) { bytes[p++] = QOI_OP_LUMA \| (vg + 32); bytes[p++] = (vg_r + 8) << 4 \| (vg_b + 8); } else { bytes[p++] = QOI_OP_RGB; bytes[p++] = px.rgba.r; bytes[p++] = px.rgba.g; bytes[p++] = px.rgba.b; } } else { bytes[p++] = QOI_OP_RGBA; bytes[p++] = px.rgba.r; bytes[p++] = px.rgba.g; bytes[p++] = px.rgba.b; bytes[p++] = px.rgba.a; } } } px_prev = px; } for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(qoi_padding); i++) { bytes[p++] = qoi_padding[i]; } out_len = p; return bytes; } void qoi_decode(const void data, int size, qoi_desc desc, int channels) { const unsigned char bytes; unsigned int header_magic; unsigned char pixels; qoi_rgba_t index[64]; qoi_rgba_t px; int px_len, chunks_len, px_pos; int p = 0, run = 0; if ( data == NULL \|\| desc == NULL \|\| (channels != 0 && channels != 3 && channels != 4) \|\| size < QOI_HEADER_SIZE + (int)sizeof(qoi_padding) ) { return NULL; } bytes = (const unsigned char )data; header_magic = qoi_read_32(bytes, &p); desc->width = qoi_read_32(bytes, &p); desc->height = qoi_read_32(bytes, &p); desc->channels = bytes[p++]; desc->colorspace = bytes[p++]; if ( desc->width == 0 \|\| desc->height == 0 \|\| desc->channels < 3 \|\| desc->channels > 4 \|\| desc->colorspace > 1 \|\| header_magic != QOI_MAGIC \|\| desc->height >= QOI_PIXELS_MAX / desc->width ) { return NULL; } if (channels == 0) { channels = desc->channels; } px_len = desc->width desc->height * channels; pixels = (unsigned char ) QOI_MALLOC(px_len); if (!pixels) { return NULL; } QOI_ZEROARR(index); px.rgba.r = 0; px.rgba.g = 0; px.rgba.b = 0; px.rgba.a = 255; chunks_len = size - (int)sizeof(qoi_padding); for (px_pos = 0; px_pos < px_len; px_pos += channels) { if (run > 0) { run--; } else if (p < chunks_len) { int b1 = bytes[p++]; if (b1 == QOI_OP_RGB) { px.rgba.r = bytes[p++]; px.rgba.g = bytes[p++]; px.rgba.b = bytes[p++]; } else if (b1 == QOI_OP_RGBA) { px.rgba.r = bytes[p++]; px.rgba.g = bytes[p++]; px.rgba.b = bytes[p++]; px.rgba.a = bytes[p++]; } else if ((b1 & QOI_MASK_2) == QOI_OP_INDEX) { px = index[b1]; } else if ((b1 & QOI_MASK_2) == QOI_OP_DIFF) { px.rgba.r += ((b1 >> 4) & 0x03) - 2; px.rgba.g += ((b1 >> 2) & 0x03) - 2; px.rgba.b += ( b1 & 0x03) - 2; } else if ((b1 & QOI_MASK_2) == QOI_OP_LUMA) { int b2 = bytes[p++]; int vg = (b1 & 0x3f) - 32; px.rgba.r += vg - 8 + ((b2 >> 4) & 0x0f); px.rgba.g += vg; px.rgba.b += vg - 8 + (b2 & 0x0f); } else if ((b1 & QOI_MASK_2) == QOI_OP_RUN) { run = (b1 & 0x3f); } index[QOI_COLOR_HASH(px) % 64] = px; } pixels[px_pos + 0] = px.rgba.r; pixels[px_pos + 1] = px.rgba.g; pixels[px_pos + 2] = px.rgba.b; if (channels == 4) { pixels[px_pos + 3] = px.rgba.a; } } return pixels; } #ifndef QOI_NO_STDIO #include <stdio.h> int qoi_write(const char filename, const void data, const qoi_desc desc) { FILE f = fopen(filename, "wb"); int size, err; void encoded; if (!f) { return 0; } encoded = qoi_encode(data, desc, &size); if (!encoded) { fclose(f); return 0; } fwrite(encoded, 1, size, f); fflush(f); err = ferror(f); fclose(f); QOI_FREE(encoded); return err ? 0 : size; } void qoi_read(const char filename, qoi_desc desc, int channels) { FILE f = fopen(filename, "rb"); int size, bytes_read; void pixels, data; if (!f) { return NULL; } fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); size = ftell(f); if (size <= 0 \|\| fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) { fclose(f); return NULL; } data = QOI_MALLOC(size); if (!data) { fclose(f); return NULL; } bytes_read = fread(data, 1, size, f); fclose(f); pixels = (bytes_read != size) ? NULL : qoi_decode(data, bytes_read, desc, channels); QOI_FREE(data); return pixels; } #endif /* QOI_NO_STDIO / #endif / QOI_IMPLEMENTATION */ ```
Ibrahim Bosso Mounkoro (born 23 February 1990) is a Malian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Linafoot club TP Mazembe and the Mali national team. International career Mounkoro made his debut for Mali in a 3–2 friendly loss to Algeria on 16 June 2019. His first competitive match was a 2–1 win over Namibia in the 2021 African Cup of Nations qualifiers on 17 November 2020. In a match against Tunisia at the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, Mounkoro saved a penalty from Wahbi Khazri, helping Mali win the match 1–0. Honours Stade Malien Malian Première Division: 2012–13, 2013–14 Malian Cup: 2013 TP Mazembe CAF Champions League: 2015 CAF Confederation Cup: 2016, 2017 CAF Super Cup: 2016 Linafoot: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2019–20 DR Congo Super Cup: 2016 References External links TP Mazembe Profile 1990 births Living people Malian men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Mali men's international footballers AS Korofina players Stade Malien players TP Mazembe players Malian Première Division players Linafoot players 2019 Africa Cup of Nations players 2021 Africa Cup of Nations players Malian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Malian expatriate sportspeople in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 21st-century Malian people
```python #! /usr/bin/env python # # SCons - a Software Constructor # # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining # a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the # "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including # without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, # distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to # permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to # the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included # in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY # KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE # WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND # NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE # LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION # OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION # WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. '''Show or convert the configuration of an SCons cache directory. A cache of derived files is stored by file signature. The files are split into directories named by the first few digits of the signature. The prefix length used for directory names can be changed by this script. ''' from __future__ import print_function import argparse import glob import json import os __revision__ = "src/script/scons-configure-cache.py bee7caf9defd6e108fc2998a2520ddb36a967691 2019-12-17 02:07:09 bdeegan" __version__ = "3.1.2" __build__ = "bee7caf9defd6e108fc2998a2520ddb36a967691" __buildsys__ = "octodog" __date__ = "2019-12-17 02:07:09" __developer__ = "bdeegan" def rearrange_cache_entries(current_prefix_len, new_prefix_len): '''Move cache files if prefix length changed. Move the existing cache files to new directories of the appropriate name length and clean up the old directories. ''' print('Changing prefix length from', current_prefix_len, 'to', new_prefix_len) dirs = set() old_dirs = set() for file in glob.iglob(os.path.join('', '')): name = os.path.basename(file) dname = name[:current_prefix_len].upper() if dname not in old_dirs: print('Migrating', dname) old_dirs.add(dname) dname = name[:new_prefix_len].upper() if dname not in dirs: os.mkdir(dname) dirs.add(dname) os.rename(file, os.path.join(dname, name)) # Now delete the original directories for dname in old_dirs: os.rmdir(dname) # The configuration dictionary should have one entry per entry in the # cache config. The value of each entry should include the following: # implicit - (optional) This is to allow adding a new config entry and also # changing the behaviour of the system at the same time. This # indicates the value the config entry would have had if it had # been specified. # default - The value the config entry should have if it wasn't previously # specified # command-line - parameters to pass to ArgumentParser.add_argument # converter - (optional) Function to call if conversion is required # if this configuration entry changes config_entries = { 'prefix_len': { 'implicit': 1, 'default': 2, 'command-line': { 'help': 'Length of cache file name used as subdirectory prefix', 'metavar': '<number>', 'type': int }, 'converter': rearrange_cache_entries } } parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description='Modify the configuration of an scons cache directory', epilog=''' Unspecified options will not be changed unless they are not set at all, in which case they are set to an appropriate default. ''') parser.add_argument('cache-dir', help='Path to scons cache directory') for param in config_entries: parser.add_argument('--' + param.replace('_', '-'), **config_entries[param]['command-line']) parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 1.0') parser.add_argument('--show', action="store_true", help="show current configuration") # Get the command line as a dict without any of the unspecified entries. args = dict([x for x in vars(parser.parse_args()).items() if x[1]]) # It seems somewhat strange to me, but positional arguments don't get the - # in the name changed to _, whereas optional arguments do... cache = args['cache-dir'] if not os.path.isdir(cache): raise RuntimeError("There is no cache directory named %s" % cache) os.chdir(cache) del args['cache-dir'] if not os.path.exists('config'): # old config dirs did not have a 'config' file. Try to update. # Validate the only files in the directory are directories 0-9, a-f expected = ['{:X}'.format(x) for x in range(0, 16)] if not set(os.listdir('.')).issubset(expected): raise RuntimeError( "%s does not look like a valid version 1 cache directory" % cache) config = dict() else: with open('config') as conf: config = json.load(conf) if args.get('show', None): print("Current configuration in '%s':" % cache) print(json.dumps(config, sort_keys=True, indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))) # in case of the show argument, emit some stats as well file_count = 0 for _, _, files in os.walk('.'): file_count += len(files) if file_count: # skip config file if it exists file_count -= 1 print("Cache contains %s files" % file_count) del args['show'] # Find any keys that are not currently set but should be for key in config_entries: if key not in config: if 'implicit' in config_entries[key]: config[key] = config_entries[key]['implicit'] else: config[key] = config_entries[key]['default'] if key not in args: args[key] = config_entries[key]['default'] # Now go through each entry in args to see if it changes an existing config # setting. for key in args: if args[key] != config[key]: if 'converter' in config_entries[key]: config_entries[key]['converter'](config[key], args[key]) config[key] = args[key] # and write the updated config file with open('config', 'w') as conf: json.dump(config, conf) ```
```javascript /* * Wire * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * * along with this program. If not, see path_to_url * / const pkg = require('./package.json'); const appConfigPkg = require('./app-config/package.json'); const {execSync} = require('child_process'); require('dotenv').config(); /* * Selects configuration based on current branch and tagged commits * @returns {string} the configuration name / const selectConfiguration = () => { const distribution = process.env.DISTRIBUTION !== 'wire' && process.env.DISTRIBUTION; if (distribution) { console.log(`Selecting configuration "${distribution}" (reason: custom distribution)`); return distribution; } let currentTag = ''; try { currentTag = execSync('git tag -l --points-at HEAD').toString().trim(); } catch (error) {} if (currentTag.includes('staging') \|\| currentTag.includes('production')) { console.log(`Selecting configuration "master" (reason: tag "${currentTag}")`); return 'master'; } console.log('Selecting configuration "staging" (reason: default)'); return 'staging'; }; let repositoryUrl; const forcedConfigUrl = process.env.FORCED_CONFIG_URL; if (forcedConfigUrl) { console.log(`Selecting configuration "${forcedConfigUrl}" (reason: forced config URL)`); repositoryUrl = forcedConfigUrl; } else { const configurationEntry = `wire-web-config-default-${selectConfiguration()}`; repositoryUrl = appConfigPkg.dependencies[configurationEntry]; } console.log('Repo URL', repositoryUrl); module.exports = { files: { [`${pkg.name}/content/*`]: 'resource/', [`${pkg.name}/.env.defaults`]: `${__dirname}/.env.defaults`, }, repositoryUrl, }; ```
Lady Georgiana Mary Curzon Kidston, Lady Starkey (7 January 1910 – 11 January 1976) was an English socialite, included in The Book of Beauty by Cecil Beaton. Early life Lady Georgiana Mary Curzon was born on 7 January 1910, the daughter of Francis Curzon, 5th Earl Howe and Mary Curzon, Lady Howe, first cousins who married in 1907 and divorced in 1937. Her older brother was Edward Curzon, 6th Earl Howe. Her paternal grandparents were Richard Curzon, 4th Earl Howe and, his first wife, Lady Georgiana Elizabeth Spencer-Churchill (fifth daughter of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough and Lady Frances Vane). Her mother was the only daughter of Esmé FitzRoy and Col. Montagu Curzon (the eldest son, by his second wife, of Richard Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe). Career In the 1930s Lady Georgiana Curzon modelled for Pond's and Copley's. In 1933, Lady Georgiana Curzon, Miss Deirdre Hart-Davis, the Lady Anne Wellesley and Miss Nancy Beaton were photographed together for The Book of Beauty of Cecil Beaton. Personal life In 1934, she met war-time hero Roger Bushell and they fell in love. Curzon's father did not approve and forced her to marry the son of a family friend. In November 1935, Georgiana Curzon married Home Ronald Archibald Kidston. Before their divorce in 1943, they had one son: Glen Kidston (1937–2018), who was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. The marriage was unhappy, Kidston apparently admitted adultery with Curzon's stepmother, and they eventually divorced in 1943. Bushell never forgot Curzon and it has been said that he was telling his fellow prisoners that "Georgie" was his true love and that he would one day marry her. Unfortunately, Bushell was killed by the Gestapo in 1944, his story life recounted in The Great Escape, in which his role is played by Richard Attenborough. For years after his death, Curzon placed an "In Memoriam" advertisement in The Times on his birthday signing "Love is Immortal, Georgie". Words in similar vein are referred to in an article in The Times in 2013, by Simon Pearson, about Bushell's lovers. He remarked that he had some years before, while working at The Times, come: . . . across a memorial notice in the archive, which marked the anniversary of Roger Bushell's birth and celebrated his life. It quoted Rupert Brooke: "He leaves a white unbroken glory, a gathered radiance, a width, a shining peace, under the night." It was signed "Georgie". On 1 November 1957 she married Lord Lewis Stanton Starkey (1906–1975), a son of Lt.-Col. Lewis Edward Starkey and Mary Kathleen Starkey. Lord Starkey was previously married to Clare Désirée Blow (daughter of architect Detmar Jellings Blow). She died on 11 January 1976. She is buried at Holy Trinity, Penn Street, and on the tombstone there are two lines by Tennyson: "Oh for the touch of a vanished hand, and the sound of a voice that is still". References 1910 births 1976 deaths English socialites English female models Daughters of British earls 20th-century English nobility 20th-century English women Georgiana Georgiana
Pachydesmini is a tribe of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae. There are at least 3 genera and more than 20 described species in Pachydesmini. Genera These three genera belong to the tribe Pachydesmini: Dicellarius Chamberlin, 1920 Pachydesmus Cook, 1895 Thrinaxoria Chamberlin & Hoffman, 1950 References Further reading Polydesmida Articles created by Qbugbot Arthropod tribes
The 8th NKP Salve Challenger Trophy was an Indian domestic cricket tournament that was held in Bangalore from 10 January to 13 January 2002. The series involved the domestic and national players from India who were allocated in India Seniors, India A, and India B. India A defeated India Seniors by 8 wickets in the final to become the champions of the tournament. Squads Points Table Matches Group stage Final References Indian domestic cricket competitions
Ēriks Raisters (26 November 1913 – 25 May 1942) was a Latvian footballer who played as a forward. He made 27 international appearances for the Latvia national team between 1934 and 1940. Club career Raisters' first senior club was JKS Riga, a club known for raising young players who then left for bigger and stronger sides. Raisters joined the side in 1931 and in his first year the club earned promotion back to the Latvian Higher League (Virsliga). Raisters played two more years for JKS and it finished 5th in the league in both years. However, before the 1934 season he joined the most successful Latvian club - RFK Riga for which he played until 1940. Over the years he played with RFK Raisters, won three Latvian league titles and the Latvian Cup two times (in 1937 and 1939). After Latvia was taken over by the Soviet Union and the former's sports clubs were disbanded Raisters was selected to play for FK Dinamo Riga in 1940. The next year he played for Belarusian team Dynamo Minsk. International career Raisters made his international début for Latvia on 10 June 1934 in a friendly match against Lithuania in Kaunas, the only match he played for the national team in 1934. He became a regular in the national team in 1935. In his second match for Latvia (against Lithuania once again) on 30 May 1935 Raisters scored his first goal for the country. In total he played four matches for Latvia in 1935, two in 1936, eight in 1937, eight in 1938, three in 1939 and one in 1940 - in the last international match for Latvia before 1992. With 27 appearances (and six scored goals) for the Latvia, Raisters was the 11th most capped footballer in the pre-war country. Personal life and death Raisters was born in Riga, son of accountant Ernest Raisters and his handcraft teacher wife Berta Antonija (nee Rubene). He was educated at Riga 1st Gymnasium, graduating in 1933. In early 1941, he was arrested and tried for a dispute with a Soviet official and sentenced to 9 years imprisonment or being directed to play for Dynamo Minsk. Later in 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army and died during the Second World War from pneumonia in camp at Gorohovica, Gorokhovetsky District in Russia on 25 May 1942. He was buried in the village of Zalino. Honours Club Latvian Higher League: 1934, 1935, 1940 (RFK Riga) Latvian Cup: 1937, 1939 International Baltic Cup: 1936, 1937 References External links 1913 births 1942 deaths Footballers from Riga Latvian men's footballers Soviet men's footballers Men's association football forwards Latvia men's international footballers FC Dinamo Minsk players Soviet military personnel killed in World War II
```c /* $OpenBSD: hack.tty.c,v 1.16 2019/06/28 13:32:52 deraadt Exp $ / /- * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. / / * Amsterdam * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are * met: * * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * - Neither the name of the Stichting Centrum voor Wiskunde en * Informatica, nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or * promote products derived from this software without specific prior * written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER * OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. / / * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL * THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; * OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. / / hack.tty.c - version 1.0.3 / / With thanks to the people who sent code for SYSV - hpscdi!jon, arnold@ucsf-cgl, wcs@bo95b, cbcephus!pds and others. / #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <termios.h> #include "hack.h" static char erase_char, kill_char; static boolean settty_needed = FALSE; struct termios inittyb, curttyb; static void setctty(void); / * Get initial state of terminal, * and switch off tab expansion if necessary. * Called by startup() in termcap.c and after returning from ! or ^Z / void gettty(void) { if(tcgetattr(0, &inittyb) == -1) perror("Hack (gettty)"); curttyb = inittyb; erase_char = inittyb.c_cc[VERASE]; kill_char = inittyb.c_cc[VKILL]; getioctls(); / do not expand tabs - they might be needed inside a cm sequence / if(curttyb.c_oflag & OXTABS) { curttyb.c_oflag &= ~OXTABS; setctty(); } settty_needed = TRUE; } / reset terminal to original state / void settty(char s) { clr_screen(); end_screen(); if(s) printf("%s", s); (void) fflush(stdout); if(tcsetattr(0, TCSADRAIN, &inittyb) == -1) perror("Hack (settty)"); flags.echo = (inittyb.c_lflag & ECHO) ? ON : OFF; flags.cbreak = (inittyb.c_lflag & ICANON) ? OFF : ON; setioctls(); } static void setctty(void) { if(tcsetattr(0, TCSADRAIN, &curttyb) == -1) perror("Hack (setctty)"); } void setftty(void) { int change = 0; flags.cbreak = ON; flags.echo = OFF; /* Should use (ECHO\|CRMOD) here instead of ECHO / if(curttyb.c_lflag & ECHO){ curttyb.c_lflag &= ~ECHO; change++; } if(curttyb.c_lflag & ICANON){ curttyb.c_lflag &= ~ICANON; / be satisfied with one character; no timeout / curttyb.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; curttyb.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; / we need to be able to read ^Z / curttyb.c_cc[VSUSP] = _POSIX_VDISABLE; change++; } if(change){ setctty(); } start_screen(); } / fatal error / void error(const char s, ...) { va_list ap; if(settty_needed) settty(NULL); va_start(ap, s); vprintf(s, ap); va_end(ap); putchar('\n'); exit(1); } /* * Read a line closed with '\n' into the array char bufp[BUFSZ]. * (The '\n' is not stored. The string is closed with a '\0'.) * Reading can be interrupted by an escape ('\033') - now the * resulting string is "\033". / void getlin(char bufp) { char obufp = bufp; int c; flags.toplin = 2; / nonempty, no --More-- required / for(;;) { (void) fflush(stdout); if((c = getchar()) == EOF) { bufp = 0; return; } if(c == '\033') { obufp = c; obufp[1] = 0; return; } if(c == erase_char \|\| c == '\b') { if(bufp != obufp) { bufp--; putstr("\b \b"); / putsym converts \b / } else hackbell(); } else if(c == '\n') { bufp = 0; return; } else if(' ' <= c && c < '\177') { /* avoid isprint() - some people don't have it ' ' is not always a printing char / bufp = c; bufp[1] = 0; putstr(bufp); if(bufp-obufp < BUFSZ-1 && bufp-obufp < COLNO) bufp++; } else if(c == kill_char \|\| c == '\177') { /* Robert Viduya / / this test last - @ might be the kill_char / while(bufp != obufp) { bufp--; putstr("\b \b"); } } else hackbell(); } } void getret(void) { cgetret(""); } void cgetret(char s) { putsym('\n'); if(flags.standout) standoutbeg(); putstr("Hit "); putstr(flags.cbreak ? "space" : "return"); putstr(" to continue: "); if(flags.standout) standoutend(); xwaitforspace(s); } char morc; /* tell the outside world what char he used / / s: chars allowed besides space or return / void xwaitforspace(char s) { int c; morc = 0; while((c = readchar()) != '\n') { if(flags.cbreak) { if(c == ' ') break; if(s && strchr(s,c)) { morc = c; break; } hackbell(); } } } char * parse(void) { static char inputline[COLNO]; int foo; flags.move = 1; if(!Invisible) curs_on_u(); else home(); while((foo = readchar()) >= '0' && foo <= '9') multi = 10multi+foo-'0'; if(multi) { multi--; save_cm = inputline; } inputline[0] = foo; inputline[1] = 0; if(foo == 'f' \|\| foo == 'F'){ inputline[1] = getchar(); #ifdef QUEST if(inputline[1] == foo) inputline[2] = getchar(); else #endif / QUEST */ inputline[2] = 0; } if(foo == 'm' \|\| foo == 'M'){ inputline[1] = getchar(); inputline[2] = 0; } clrlin(); return(inputline); } char readchar(void) { int sym; (void) fflush(stdout); if((sym = getchar()) == EOF) end_of_input(); if(flags.toplin == 1) flags.toplin = 2; return((char) sym); } void end_of_input(void) { settty("End of input?\n"); clearlocks(); exit(0); } ```
Open interest (also known as open contracts or open commitments) refers to the total number of outstanding derivative contracts that have not been settled (offset by delivery). For each buyer of a futures contract there must be a seller. From the time the buyer or seller opens the contract until the counter-party closes it, that contract is considered 'open'. Open interest also gives key information regarding the liquidity of an option. If there is no open interest for an option, there is no secondary market for that option. When options have large open interest, they have a large number of buyers and sellers. An active secondary market will increase the odds of getting option orders filled at good prices. All other things being equal, the larger the open interest, the easier it will be to trade that option at a reasonable spread between the bid and ask. As a confirming indicator An increase in open interest along with an increase in price is said by proponents of technical analysis to confirm an upward trend. Similarly, an increase in open interest along with a decrease in price confirms a downward trend. An increase or decrease in prices while open interest remains flat or declining may indicate a possible trend reversal. The relationship between the prevailing price trend and open interest can be summarized by the following table: References External links Open Interest Interpret Price Volume and Open Interest Open Interest of most important italian stocks Derivatives (finance) Technical analysis
Parkhead Hall, formerly Parkhead House and The Woodlands, is an English country house situated in the City of Sheffield in South Yorkshire. The hall is a grade II listed building and is located in the suburb of Whirlow close to the junction of Ecclesall Road South and Abbey Lane. The hall is difficult to view for the general public, being surrounded by high walls and housing, although a glimpse of its northern side can be seen from Ecclesall Road South. History The building was constructed in 1864 - 65 by the architect John Brightmore Mitchell-Withers (1838-1894) for his own use. It was originally named The Woodlands and Mitchell-Withers created the house as a Gothic fantasy with carved human heads looking out from the eaves and the front door. The dining room was panelled with oak taken from the long gallery of Sheffield Manor. The grounds were landscaped with many trees and included kitchen gardens, orchards, stables, a carriage house and harness room. Withers-Mitchell lived at The Woodlands with his wife Lise and by 1871 they had three children, the oldest of which, John, would also become a well-regarded architect like his father. John Mitchell-Withers senior died at the young age of 56 in 1894 and in June 1898 The Woodlands was sold to Sir Robert Hadfield, the metallurgist and owner of the vast Hadfields steel foundry in the east end of Sheffield. Upon purchasing the house, Hadfield commenced on a series of extensive modifications between 1900 and 1903 using the architects R.G. Hammond and Wyngard, Dixon & Sandford. A two-storey extension was added comprising a billiard room, a library, two additional bedrooms and a bathroom. He also renamed the building Parkhead House. Hadfield owned the house for over forty years, staying there until 1939, a year before his death. Parkhead House was purchased in 1939 by Sheffield Corporation who had for some time been looking for a suitable house which could be used as Judges’ lodgings after the opening of the Assizes Courts in the city. The Corporation paid £6,750 for the property, however the outbreak of World War II prevented their use for the intended purpose and during the conflict the house was the headquarters of No. 33 Group RAF Balloon Command which was responsible for all barrage balloons and their sites in the industrial Midlands between March 1939 and September 1944. Modern times After the war Parkhead House reverted to the ownership of Sheffield Corporation and in 1948 was modified and opened as a nursing home for 35 elderly men. The house remained as a home for the elderly until 1988 when it became surplus to requirements and was put up for auction with four acres of land. The house was quite rundown when It was purchased in June 1989 for £1.2 million by the Facia Group, the retail empire headed by Sheffield businessman Stephen Hinchliffe. The house became the headquarters of the Facia Group and was restored over a number of years with the name being changed again to Parkhead Hall. June 1996 saw the financial collapse of the Facia Group. The Serious Fraud Office and officers from South Yorkshire Police raided Parkhead Hall in August 1996, taking away vanloads of documents as part of a criminal investigation into the finances of the group. Stephen Hinchliffe was declared bankrupt in March 2001 and Parkhead Hall was confiscated and sold back to his bank. In 2003 the house was purchased by Andrew Hogg, director of several companies connected to camping, caravanning and outdoor activities, including Towsure and Campsure. Mr. Hogg turned the house back into a family residence. In early 2012 the house was once more up for sale with a potential selling price of £4 million. , the house is still for sale. Architecture Parkhead Hall is constructed from squared stone with ashlar dressings, the light coloured exterior stone complements the pink roof tiles. There are three distinctive side wall chimney stacks along with the three on the roof. The windows are mainly casements. The extensive gardens of the original house have been gradually reduced over the years as the land was sold off for housing, allowing dwellings to be built on Abbey Lane. The building of these houses has blocked the former entrance on Abbey Lane leaving the main entrance on Ecclesall Road South as the only entry to the building. References History of Sheffield Buildings and structures completed in 1865 Grade II listed buildings in Sheffield Houses in Sheffield Country houses in South Yorkshire
```smalltalk using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Media; namespace Xamarin.Forms.Platform.WPF.Helpers { /// <summary> /// Helper methods for UI-related tasks. /// This class was obtained from Philip Sumi (a fellow WPF Disciples blog) /// path_to_url /// </summary> public static class TreeHelper { /// <summary> /// Finds a parent of a given item on the visual tree. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the queried item.</typeparam> /// <param name="child">A direct or indirect child of the /// queried item.</param> /// <returns>The first parent item that matches the submitted /// type parameter. If not matching item can be found, a null /// reference is being returned.</returns> public static T TryFindParent<T>(this DependencyObject child) where T : DependencyObject { //get parent item DependencyObject parentObject = GetParentObject(child); //we've reached the end of the tree if (parentObject == null) return null; //check if the parent matches the type we're looking for T parent = parentObject as T; return parent ?? TryFindParent<T>(parentObject); } /// <summary> /// Finds a Child of a given item in the visual tree. /// </summary> /// <param name="parent">A direct parent of the queried item.</param> /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the queried item.</typeparam> /// <param name="childName">x:Name or Name of child. </param> /// <returns>The first parent item that matches the submitted type parameter. /// If not matching item can be found, /// a null parent is being returned.</returns> public static T FindChild<T>(this DependencyObject parent, string childName) where T : DependencyObject { // Confirm parent and childName are valid. if (parent == null) return null; T foundChild = null; int childrenCount = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(parent); for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) { var child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(parent, i); // If the child is not of the request child type child T childType = child as T; if (childType == null) { // recursively drill down the tree foundChild = FindChild<T>(child, childName); // If the child is found, break so we do not overwrite the found child. if (foundChild != null) break; } else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(childName)) { var frameworkElement = child as FrameworkElement; // If the child's name is set for search if (frameworkElement != null && frameworkElement.Name == childName) { // if the child's name is of the request name foundChild = (T)child; break; } } else { // child element found. foundChild = (T)child; break; } } return foundChild; } /// <summary> /// This method is an alternative to WPF's /// <see cref="VisualTreeHelper.GetParent"/> method, which also /// supports content elements. Keep in mind that for content element, /// this method falls back to the logical tree of the element! /// </summary> /// <param name="child">The item to be processed.</param> /// <returns>The submitted item's parent, if available. Otherwise /// null.</returns> public static DependencyObject GetParentObject(this DependencyObject child) { if (child == null) return null; //handle content elements separately var contentElement = child as ContentElement; if (contentElement != null) { DependencyObject parent = ContentOperations.GetParent(contentElement); if (parent != null) return parent; var fce = contentElement as FrameworkContentElement; return fce != null ? fce.Parent : null; } //also try searching for parent in framework elements (such as DockPanel, etc) var frameworkElement = child as FrameworkElement; if (frameworkElement != null) { DependencyObject parent = frameworkElement.Parent; if (parent != null) return parent; } //if it's not a ContentElement/FrameworkElement, rely on VisualTreeHelper return VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(child); } /// <summary> /// Analyzes both visual and logical tree in order to find all elements of a given /// type that are descendants of the <paramref name="source"/> item. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the queried items.</typeparam> /// <param name="source">The root element that marks the source of the search. If the /// source is already of the requested type, it will not be included in the result.</param> /// <param name="forceUsingTheVisualTreeHelper">Sometimes it's better to search in the VisualTree (e.g. in tests)</param> /// <returns>All descendants of <paramref name="source"/> that match the requested type.</returns> public static IEnumerable<T> FindChildren<T>(this DependencyObject source, bool forceUsingTheVisualTreeHelper = false) where T : DependencyObject { if (source != null) { var childs = GetChildObjects(source, forceUsingTheVisualTreeHelper); foreach (DependencyObject child in childs) { //analyze if children match the requested type if (child != null && child is T) { yield return (T)child; } //recurse tree foreach (T descendant in FindChildren<T>(child, forceUsingTheVisualTreeHelper)) { yield return descendant; } } } } /// <summary> /// This method is an alternative to WPF's /// <see cref="VisualTreeHelper.GetChild"/> method, which also /// supports content elements. Keep in mind that for content elements, /// this method falls back to the logical tree of the element. /// </summary> /// <param name="parent">The item to be processed.</param> /// <param name="forceUsingTheVisualTreeHelper">Sometimes it's better to search in the VisualTree (e.g. in tests)</param> /// <returns>The submitted item's child elements, if available.</returns> public static IEnumerable<DependencyObject> GetChildObjects(this DependencyObject parent, bool forceUsingTheVisualTreeHelper = false) { if (parent == null) yield break; if (!forceUsingTheVisualTreeHelper && (parent is ContentElement \|\| parent is FrameworkElement)) { //use the logical tree for content / framework elements foreach (object obj in LogicalTreeHelper.GetChildren(parent)) { var depObj = obj as DependencyObject; if (depObj != null) yield return (DependencyObject)obj; } } else { //use the visual tree per default int count = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(parent); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { yield return VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(parent, i); } } } /// <summary> /// Tries to locate a given item within the visual tree, /// starting with the dependency object at a given position. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the element to be found /// on the visual tree of the element at the given location.</typeparam> /// <param name="reference">The main element which is used to perform /// hit testing.</param> /// <param name="point">The position to be evaluated on the origin.</param> public static T TryFindFromPoint<T>(UIElement reference, System.Windows.Point point) where T : DependencyObject { var element = reference.InputHitTest(point) as DependencyObject; if (element == null) return null; if (element is T) return (T)element; return TryFindParent<T>(element); } public static IEnumerable<T> FindVisualChildren<T>(this DependencyObject parent) where T : DependencyObject { int childrenCount = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(parent); for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) { var child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(parent, i); if (child is T childType) { yield return (T)child; } foreach (var other in FindVisualChildren<T>(child)) { yield return other; } } } public static T FindVisualChild<T>(this DependencyObject parent) where T : Visual { var child = default(T); int numVisuals = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(parent); for (var i = 0; i < numVisuals; i++) { var v = (Visual)VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(parent, i); child = v as T ?? FindVisualChild<T>(v); if (child != null) { break; } } return child; } } } ```
Sanderao is a village in Pali district of Rajasthan state in India. It lies 16 km north west of Bali town. It was founded by Yasobhadra in the tenth century. This place was governed by offshoots of Sisodia rulers of Udaipur. Today Sanderao is an important junction of many road routes of the area. The nearest railway station is Falna. Sanderao is located at important junction linking four major roads. The main important economic activity is agriculture and animal husbandry. This place is also famous for its migrant community which is spread all over country and abroad and done very well in business and trades. Sanderao Jain Teerth here is around 2,500 years old. There is a holy 5000 years old pilgrimage " Nimbeshvara Mahadeva ". Location For Sanderao the nearby railway station of Falna is 13 km away from where buses and taxis are available. The public bus – stand is 200 meters from the Famous Sanderao Rawla (Palace) & temple (Jain Teerth). Buses and cars can go up to the Rawla and temple. References Villages in Pali district
Callum Brown may refer to: Callum Brown (footballer, born 1998), Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood Callum Brown (footballer, born 2000), Australian rules footballer who plays for Greater Western Sydney Callum Brown (author) (born 1953), Scottish historian and author
Mag Blast is a spaceship-themed strategy card game, produced by gaming company Fantasy Flight Games. The first edition was set in the universe of "Twilight Imperium", a board game made by the same company. The game is playable for 2-8 players, and is described as "a game of screaming space battles". The first edition was printed in 1998. A second edition was produced as well continuing the use of Twilight Imperium artwork. A Third Edition printed in 2006 moved away from the use of Twilight Imperium as the theme and instead uses artwork from comic artist John Kovalic. This change in artwork was highly criticised by old fans of the game. Gameplay The goal of the game is to destroy opponents' flagships after destroying their protective layer of attack ships. Once the flagship is destroyed the player is eliminated from the game. The last player left with their flagship intact is declared the winner. Each player receives a flagship card which is placed at the center of that player's battle formation. The flagship is surrounded on four sides by various other kinds of ships which are able to mount attacks on other players' fleets. This is done by firing 3 different kinds of lasers at opposing ships in the corresponding sector; for example, if Player A has a ship in the left-quadrant of his battle formation, he may fire upon any enemy ship which is also in the left-quadrant of their battle formation. Laser shots are made using Attack Cards. Each player draws up to five attack cards per turn. Game rules also require that players must make an appropriate sound effect when playing an attack card (referred to in-game as "Make a Silly Noise or Miss" Blast Targeting System technology). Reviews Backstab #19 References External links Official webpage First edition - 1998 Second edition - 2002 Third edition - 2006 Card games introduced in 1998 Dedicated deck card games Fantasy Flight Games games
William Alfred Smith (April 1882 – after 1912) was an English professional footballer who made 38 appearances in the Football League playing for West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham. He played as a right-sided forward. Smith was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire. He began his football career with Old Hill Wanderers and Worcester City before joining Second Division champions West Bromwich Albion in 1902. He played 21 league games for the club before dropping back into non-league football with Brierley Hill Alliance. In 1908 he returned to the Football League with Birmingham, where he formed a useful partnership with Benny Green. He lost his place when Jack Wilcox arrived, and moved back to Coventry City. A period with Birmingham Combination club Nuneaton Town preceded a third spell at Coventry. References 1882 births Year of death missing Footballers from West Bromwich English men's footballers Men's association football forwards Old Hill Wanderers F.C. players Worcester City F.C. players West Bromwich Albion F.C. players Brierley Hill Alliance F.C. players Coventry City F.C. players Birmingham City F.C. players Nuneaton Borough F.C. players English Football League players Southern Football League players Date of birth missing
Mueang Chan (, ) is a district (amphoe) of Sisaket province, northeastern Thailand. History The minor district (king amphoe) was created on 1 April 1992, when three tambons were split off from Uthumphon Phisai district. It was upgraded to a full district on 11 October 1997. Geography Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Pho Si Suwan, Uthumphon Phisai, and Huai Thap Than of Sisaket Province; Samrong Thap, Non Narai, and Rattanaburi of Surin province. Administration The district is divided into three sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 52 villages (mubans). There are no municipal (thesaban) areas. There are three tambon administrative organizations (TAO). References External links amphoe.com Mueang Chan
```smalltalk using System; using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis; using Android.App; using Android.Content.Res; using Android.Graphics; using Android.Graphics.Drawables; using Android.Runtime; using NUnit.Framework; namespace Android.GraphicsTests { // path_to_url [TestFixture] public class NinePatchTests { object[] NinePatchDrawables = { new object[] { Xamarin.Android.RuntimeTests.Resource.Drawable.image, "image" // Drawable from App project. }, new object[] { Mono.Android_Test.Library.Resource.Drawable.tile, "tile" // Drawable from Library project. } }; [Test, TestCaseSource (nameof (NinePatchDrawables))] [DynamicDependency (DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.All, typeof (NinePatchDrawable))] public void DrawableFromRes_ShouldBeTypeNinePatchDrawable (int resId, string name) { var d = Application.Context.Resources.GetDrawable (resId); Assert.IsNotNull (d, $"An image should have been retrieved from resource `{name}`."); Assert.IsNotNull (d as NinePatchDrawable, $"The drawable created from resource `{name}` should be a NinePatchDrawable."); } [Test, TestCaseSource (nameof (NinePatchDrawables))] [DynamicDependency (DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.All, typeof (NinePatchDrawable))] public void DrawableFromResStream_ShouldBeTypeNinePatchDrawable (int resId, string name) { var value = new Android.Util.TypedValue (); InputStreamInvoker si = GetResourceStream (resId, value); var d = Drawable.CreateFromResourceStream (Application.Context.Resources, value, si, value.String.ToString (), null); Assert.IsNotNull (d, $"An image should have been retrieved from resource `{name}`."); Assert.IsNotNull (d as NinePatchDrawable, $"The drawable created from resource `{name}` should be a NinePatchDrawable."); } [Test, TestCaseSource (nameof (NinePatchDrawables))] public void BitmapFromDecodeRes_ShouldContainNinePatchChunk (int resId, string name) { Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.DecodeResource (Application.Context.Resources, resId); byte[] chunk = bm.GetNinePatchChunk (); Assert.IsTrue (NinePatch.IsNinePatchChunk (chunk), $"Bitmap decoded from resource `{name}` did not contain a valid NinePatch chunk."); } [Test, TestCaseSource (nameof (NinePatchDrawables))] public void BitmapFromDecodeResStream_ShouldContainNinePatchChunk (int resId, string name) { var value = new Android.Util.TypedValue(); InputStreamInvoker si = GetResourceStream (resId, value); Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.DecodeResourceStream (Application.Context.Resources, value, si, null, null); byte[] chunk = bm.GetNinePatchChunk (); Assert.IsTrue(NinePatch.IsNinePatchChunk (chunk), $"Bitmap decoded from resource stream with id `{name}` did not contain a valid NinePatch chunk."); } InputStreamInvoker GetResourceStream (int resId, Android.Util.TypedValue outValue) { Application.Context.Resources.GetValue (resId, outValue, true); IntPtr sp = OpenNonAsset(Application.Context.Resources.Assets, outValue.AssetCookie, outValue.String.ToString (), 2 /* AssetManager.ACCESS_STREAMING */); Java.IO.InputStream s = Java.Lang.Object.GetObject<Java.IO.InputStream> (sp, JniHandleOwnership.TransferLocalRef); return new InputStreamInvoker (s); } IntPtr AssetManager_openNonAsset; IntPtr OpenNonAsset (AssetManager manager, int cookie, string fileName, int accessMode) { if (AssetManager_openNonAsset == IntPtr.Zero) AssetManager_openNonAsset = JNIEnv.GetMethodID (manager.Class.Handle, "openNonAsset", "(ILjava/lang/String;I)Ljava/io/InputStream;"); using (var f = new Java.Lang.String (fileName)) { return JNIEnv.CallObjectMethod (manager.Handle, AssetManager_openNonAsset, new JValue (cookie), new JValue (f), new JValue (accessMode)); } } } } ```
Pietro Roman (born 20 September 1989) is an Italian Olympic eventing rider. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro where he finished 23rd in the individual and 9th in the team competition. Romam is an athlete of the G.S. Fiamme Oro. Biography Roman also participated at the 2015 European Eventing Championships, where he placed 6th with the Italian team in the team event. His brother Luca also participated at the 2016 Olympics. They became the second set of Roman brothers that represented Italy at the Olympics, as their father Federico and their uncle Mauro were part of the Italian eventing squad that took team silver at the 1980 Games in Moscow. Federico also won an individual gold at the Games. References Living people 1989 births Italian male equestrians Italian event riders Equestrians at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic equestrians for Italy Equestrians of Fiamme Oro
Sorrel is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 766 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Morgan City Micropolitan Statistical Area. Geography Sorrel is located at (29.89174, -91.61885), east of Jeanerette and northwest of Baldwin. It is situated at the junction of Louisiana Highway 182 and Louisiana Highway 318. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 2.76%, is water. Demographics References Census-designated places in Louisiana Census-designated places in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana
The Archaeological Museum of Cherchell is an archaeological museum located in the center of the seaport town of Cherchell in Tipaza Province, Algeria. Characteristics The Cherchell Museum houses what are widely considered to be some of the best examples of Roman and Greek antiquities on the African continent. Cherchell was called Caesarea of Mauretania during the Roman empire, and was the rich capital of Roman Mauretania Caesariensis. Many artifacts from these various periods of Cherchell's former history have been uncovered by archaeologists, a large number of which are on display in the Cherchell Archaeological Museum. Exhibits include works by Byzantine silversmiths, such as ornately decorated patera (vessels used for drinking), as well as intricately designed mosaics. It was during the Roman reign over Mauritania in 25 BC, under the leadership of Juba II, that a theater, library and other buildings were established in Cherchell (Caesarea). Juba II also gathered an impressive collection of artworks, particularly marble sculptures, some of which have landed up in museums in other parts of the world, but excellent examples are to be found in Cherchell Museum, along with a sculpture of the head of his wife, Cleopatra Selene II. Partial ruins of the Roman theater, Roman baths, and Civile Basilica are found on the outskirts of Cherchell. See also List of museums in Algeria Caesarea of Mauretania List of cultural assets of Algeria Notes References Gauckler, Paul. Musée de Cherchel. Musées et collections archéologiques de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie. Leroux, 1895 Cherchel, Algeria. Musée de Cherchel. Catalogue du Musée de Cherchel. Adolphe Jourdan, 1902 Rita Amedick, Heide Froning (2012), La Reorganisation Du Musee De Cherchel, Phase I: Le Royaume Numide: Actes De La Conference Du Goethe-institut Algerie Tenue a Alger, De 2 Novembre 2009; External links Cherchell Museum, Province of Tipaza Archaeological museums in Algeria Buildings and structures in Tipaza Province Tourist attractions in Tipaza Province
Amphilius frieli is a species of fish in the family Amphiliidae, first found in the upper Congo Basin. References frieli Freshwater fish of Central Africa Fish described in 2015 Taxa named by Lawrence M. Page
is a passenger railway station located in Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Lines Toke Station is served by the Sotobō Line, and is located from the terminus of the line at Chiba Station. Some Sotobō Line limited express Wakashio services from Tokyo to stop at this station. Station layout This station consists of a single island platform, serving two tracks, with an elevated station building built over the tracks and platforms. The station is staffed. Platform History Toke Station opened on 1 November 1896 as a station on the Bōsō Railway. On 1 September 1907, the Bōsō Railway was nationalized and became part of the Japanese Government Railways, which was transformed into the Japan National Railways (JNR) after World War II. Freight operations were discontinued on 1 October 1962. The station building was enlarged in January 1979, with the construction of the south exit. A new station building was completed in August 1986. The station became part of the JR East network upon privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 13,078 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). Surrounding area Chiba Showa-no-mori Park Hoki Museum Toke High School Birds Mall References External links JR East Station information Railway stations in Japan opened in 1896 Railway stations in Chiba Prefecture Sotobō Line Railway stations in Chiba (city)
FC Eurocollege () is a Bulgarian association football club based in Plovdiv, currently playing in the South-East Third League, the third level of Bulgarian football. Current squad References External links Official website Eurocollege
Paulo César Pezzolano Suárez (; born 25 April 1983) is a Uruguayan football manager and former player who played as an attacking midfielder. He is the current manager of Spanish club Real Valladolid. Playing career Pezzolano comes from the capital city of Montevideo and is a graduate of the local team C.A. Rentistas, were for the senior team he was involved in the age of 18. His team was relegated to the Second Division after a poor season in 2001. He spent the next two years, after which he returned with his team to the First División. In 2006, he spent in the Brazilian Atlético Paranaense, but after 6 months, he returned to his native country, signing an agreement with Defensor Sporting. In the 2006–07 season he took a decisive role with his team to get the 3rd place in the league and to get to the quarter-finals of the 2007 Copa Libertadores. In July 2007, Pezzolano signed with Uruguayan giant C.A. Peñarol. But six months later he joined Liverpool Montevideo, scoring a hat-trick in his debut against Central Español. In his first season (Clausura 2008) with the team, he was the top scorer of the tournament, scoring 12 goals in 14 meetings. A year later came up with Liverpool FC in the Copa Sudamericana, but they fall in 1/16 finals. In August 2009, Pezzolano went on loan to Spanish team R.C.D. Mallorca. He made his La Liga debut on September 19, 2009 meeting with the 4-0 win against Tenerife. Overall, in the 2009–2010 season he played 12 matches in Mallorca, but only one in the starting composition, a team led by Gregorio Manzano took 5th place in the league table. Pezzolano was transferred to Chinese Super League side Hangzhou Greentown in January 2011. He made his Chinese Super League debut on 1 April 2011 against Nanchang Hengyuan F.C., scoring one goal. In early January 2012, he joined Liga de Ascenso side Club Necaxa. In July 2012, he returned to his home city to play for the second time in his career with Liverpool Montevideo. In his match return, he scored a penalty goal against Universitario playing the Copa Sudamericana. In February 2016, he joined CA Torque on a free transfer. He spent a season with them before announcing his retirement on 23 November 2016, aged 33. Coaching career Torque Immediately after retiring, Pezzolano became the manager of Torque for the upcoming season. He led the club to the 2017 Segunda División title before leaving the club on 25 November 2017. Liverpool Montevideo On 18 December 2017, Pezzolano was named manager of another club he represented as a player, Liverpool Montevideo. He departed the club on 25 November 2019, after accepting an offer from a foreign club. Pachuca Hours after leaving Liverpool, Pezzolano was named in charge of Liga MX side Pachuca, replacing Martín Palermo. He led Pachuca to the play-offs during the 2020–21 season, losing in the semifinals of the 2021 Torneo Guardianes. On 8 November 2021, after a 15th place finish in the 2021 Apertura tournament, Pezzolano left the club on a mutual agreement. Cruzeiro On 3 January 2022, Pezzolano was announced as new head coach of Brazilian Série B side Cruzeiro, becoming their first head coach after the team's sale to Ronaldo. He reached the finals of the 2022 Campeonato Mineiro. Pezzolano led Cruzeiro to a promotion to the Série A, and became the champion of the category with the most numbers of anticipated rounds. On 19 March 2023, however, he left the club on a mutual agreement, after their elimination in the 2023 Mineiro. Valladolid On 4 April 2023, Pezzolano was appointed manager of Real Valladolid, also owned by Ronaldo, in the place of sacked Pacheta. Managerial statistics Honours Manager Torque Uruguayan Segunda División: 2017 Cruzeiro Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2022 References External links 1983 births Living people Uruguayan men's footballers Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Uruguayan Primera División players Chinese Super League players La Liga players C.A. Rentistas players Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo) players Defensor Sporting players Peñarol players Club Athletico Paranaense players RCD Mallorca players Zhejiang Professional F.C. players Club Necaxa footballers Montevideo City Torque players Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Brazil Expatriate men's footballers in China Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in China Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain Uruguayan sportspeople of Italian descent Montevideo City Torque managers Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo) managers Uruguayan football managers Campeonato Brasileiro Série B managers Cruzeiro Esporte Clube managers Real Valladolid managers Uruguayan expatriate football managers Expatriate football managers in Brazil Expatriate football managers in Spain Footballers from Montevideo
Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, meted out by an authority—in contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal law—as a response and deterrent to a particular action or behavior that is deemed undesirable or unacceptable. It is, however, possible to distinguish between various different understandings of what punishment is. The reasoning for punishment may be to condition a child to avoid self-endangerment, to impose social conformity (in particular, in the contexts of compulsory education or military discipline), to defend norms, to protect against future harms (in particular, those from violent crime), and to maintain the law—and respect for rule of law—under which the social group is governed. Punishment may be self-inflicted as with self-flagellation and mortification of the flesh in the religious setting, but is most often a form of social coercion. The unpleasant imposition may include a fine, penalty, or confinement, or be the removal or denial of something pleasant or desirable. The individual may be a person, or even an animal. The authority may be either a group or a single person, and punishment may be carried out formally under a system of law or informally in other kinds of social settings such as within a family. Negative consequences that are not authorized or that are administered without a breach of rules are not considered to be punishment as defined here. The study and practice of the punishment of crimes, particularly as it applies to imprisonment, is called penology, or, often in modern texts, corrections; in this context, the punishment process is euphemistically called "correctional process". Research into punishment often includes similar research into prevention. Justifications for punishment include retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation. The last could include such measures as isolation, in order to prevent the wrongdoer's having contact with potential victims, or the removal of a hand in order to make theft more difficult. If only some of the conditions included in the definition of punishment are present, descriptions other than "punishment" may be considered more accurate. Inflicting something negative, or unpleasant, on a person or animal, without authority or not on the basis of a breach of rules is typically considered only revenge or spite rather than punishment. In addition, the word "punishment" is used as a metaphor, as when a boxer experiences "punishment" during a fight. In other situations, breaking a rule may be rewarded, and so receiving such a reward naturally does not constitute punishment. Finally the condition of breaking (or breaching) the rules must be satisfied for consequences to be considered punishment. Punishments differ in their degree of severity, and may include sanctions such as reprimands, deprivations of privileges or liberty, fines, incarcerations, ostracism, the infliction of pain, amputation and the death penalty. Corporal punishment refers to punishments in which physical pain is intended to be inflicted upon the transgressor. Punishments may be judged as fair or unfair in terms of their degree of reciprocity and proportionality to the offense. Punishment can be an integral part of socialization, and punishing unwanted behavior is often part of a system of pedagogy or behavioral modification which also includes rewards. Definitions There are a large number of different understandings of what punishment is. In philosophy Various philosophers have presented definitions of punishment. Conditions commonly considered necessary properly to describe an action as punishment are that it is imposed by an authority (single or multiple), it involves some loss to the supposed offender, it is in response to an offense and the human (or other animal) to whom the loss is imposed should be deemed at least somewhat responsible for the offense. In psychology Introduced by B.F. Skinner, punishment has a more restrictive and technical definition. Along with reinforcement it belongs under the operant conditioning category. Operant conditioning refers to learning with either punishment (often confused as negative reinforcement) or a reward that serves as a positive reinforcement of the lesson to be learned. In psychology, punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal of a pleasant stimulus ("negative punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment. The definition requires that punishment is only determined after the fact by the reduction in behavior; if the offending behavior of the subject does not decrease, it is not considered punishment. There is some conflation of punishment and aversives, though an aversion that does not decrease behavior is not considered punishment in psychology. Additionally, "aversive stimulus" is a label behaviorists generally apply to negative reinforcers (as in avoidance learning), rather than the punishers. In socio-biology Punishment is sometimes called retaliatory or moralistic aggression; it has been observed in all species of social animals, leading evolutionary biologists to conclude that it is an evolutionarily stable strategy, selected because it favors cooperative behavior. Examples against sociobiological use One criticism of the claim of all social animals being evolutionarily hardwired for punishment comes from studies of animals, such as the octopuses near Capri, Italy that suddenly formed communal cultures from having, until then lived solitary lives. During a period of heavy fishing and tourism that encroached on their territory, they started to live in groups, learning from each other, especially hunting techniques. Small, younger octopuses could be near the fully grown octopuses without being eaten by them, even though they, like other Octopus vulgaris, were cannibals until just before the group formation. The authors stress that this behavior change happened too fast to be a genetic characteristic in the octopuses, and that there were certainly no mammals or other "naturally" social animals punishing octopuses for cannibalism involved. The authors also note that the octopuses adopted observational learning without any evolutionary history of specialized adaptation for it. There are also arguments against the notion of punishment requiring intelligence, based on studies of punishment in very small-brained animals such as insects. There is proof of honey bee workers with mutations that makes them fertile laying eggs only when other honey bees are not observing them, and that the few that are caught in the act are killed. This is corroborated by computer simulations proving that a few simple reactions well within mainstream views of the extremely limited intelligence of insects are sufficient to emulate the "political" behavior observed in great apes. The authors argue that this falsifies the claim that punishment evolved as a strategy to deal with individuals capable of knowing what they are doing. In the case of more complex brains, the notion of evolution selecting for specific punishment of intentionally chosen breaches of rules and/or wrongdoers capable of intentional choices (for example, punishing humans for murder while not punishing lethal viruses) is subject to criticism from coevolution issues. That punishment of individuals with certain characteristics (including but, in principle, not restricted to mental abilities) selects against those characteristics, making evolution of any mental abilities considered to be the basis for penal responsibility impossible in populations subject to such selective punishment. Certain scientists argue that this disproves the notion of humans having a biological feeling of intentional transgressions deserving to be punished. Scope of application Punishments are applied for various purposes, most generally, to encourage and enforce proper behavior as defined by society or family. Criminals are punished judicially, by fines, corporal punishment or custodial sentences such as prison; detainees risk further punishments for breaches of internal rules. Children, pupils and other trainees may be punished by their educators or instructors (mainly parents, guardians, or teachers, tutors and coaches)—see Child discipline. Slaves, domestic and other servants were subject to punishment by their masters. Employees can still be subject to a contractual form of fine or demotion. Most hierarchical organizations, such as military and police forces, or even churches, still apply quite rigid internal discipline, even with a judicial system of their own (court martial, canonical courts). Punishment may also be applied on moral, especially religious, grounds, as in penance (which is voluntary) or imposed in a theocracy with a religious police (as in a strict Islamic state like Iran or under the Taliban) or (though not a true theocracy) by Inquisition. Hell as punishment Belief that an individual's ultimate punishment is being sent by God, the highest authority, to an existence in Hell, a place believed to exist in the after-life, typically corresponds to sins committed during their life. Sometimes these distinctions are specific, with damned souls suffering for each sin committed (see for example Plato's myth of Er or Dante's The Divine Comedy), but sometimes they are general, with condemned sinners relegated to one or more chamber of Hell or to a level of suffering. History and rationale Seriousness of a crime; punishment that fits the crime A principle often mentioned with respect to the degree of punishment to be meted out is that the punishment should match the crime. One standard for measurement is the degree to which a crime affects others or society. Measurements of the degree of seriousness of a crime have been developed. A felony is generally considered to be a crime of "high seriousness", while a misdemeanor is not. Possible reasons for punishment There are many possible reasons that might be given to justify or explain why someone ought to be punished; here follows a broad outline of typical, possibly conflicting, justifications. Deterrence Two reasons given to justify punishment is that it is a measure to prevent people from committing an offence - deterring previous offenders from re-offending, and preventing those who may be contemplating an offence they have not committed from actually committing it. This punishment is intended to be sufficient that people would choose not to commit the crime rather than experience the punishment. The aim is to deter everyone in the community from committing offences. Some criminologists state that the number of people convicted for crime does not decrease as a result of more severe punishment and conclude that deterrence is ineffective. Other criminologists object to said conclusion, citing that while most people do not know the exact severity of punishment such as whether the sentence for murder is 40 years or life, most people still know the rough outlines such as the punishments for armed robbery or forcible rape being more severe than the punishments for driving too fast or misparking a car. These criminologists therefore argue that lack of deterring effect of increasing the sentences for already severely punished crimes say nothing about the significance of the existence of punishment as a deterring factor. Some criminologists argue that increasing the sentences for crimes can cause criminal investigators to give higher priority to said crimes so that a higher percentage of those committing them are convicted for them, causing statistics to give a false appearance of such crimes increasing. These criminologists argue that the use of statistics to gauge the efficiency of crime fighting methods are a danger of creating a reward hack that makes the least efficient criminal justice systems appear to be best at fighting crime, and that the appearance of deterrence being ineffective may be an example of this. Rehabilitation Some punishment includes work to reform and rehabilitate the culprit so that they will not commit the offence again. This is distinguished from deterrence, in that the goal here is to change the offender's attitude to what they have done, and make them come to see that their behavior was wrong. Incapacitation Incapacitation as a justification of punishment refers to the offender's ability to commit further offences being removed. Imprisonment separates offenders from the community, for example, Australia was a dumping ground for early British criminals. This was their way of removing or reducing the offenders ability to carry out certain crimes. The death penalty does this in a permanent (and irrevocable) way. In some societies, people who stole have been punished by having their hands amputated. Crewe however, has pointed out that for incapacitation of an offender to work, it must be the case that the offender would have committed a crime had they not been restricted in this way. Should the putative offender not be going to commit further crimes, then they have not been incapacitated. The more heinous crimes such as murders have the lowest levels of recidivism and hence are the least likely offences to be subject to incapacitative effects. Antisocial behaviour and the like display high levels of recidivism and hence are the kind of crimes most susceptible to incapacitative effects. It is shown by life-course studies that long sentences for burglaries amongst offenders in their late teens and early twenties fail to incapacitate when the natural reduction in offending due to ageing is taken into account: the longer the sentence, in these cases, the less the incapacitative effect. Retribution Criminal activities typically give a benefit to the offender and a loss to the victim. Punishment has been justified as a measure of retributive justice, in which the goal is to try to rebalance any unjust advantage gained by ensuring that the offender also suffers a loss. Sometimes viewed as a way of "getting even" with a wrongdoer—the suffering of the wrongdoer is seen as a desired goal in itself, even if it has no restorative benefits for the victim. One reason societies have administered punishments is to diminish the perceived need for retaliatory "street justice", blood feud, and vigilantism. Restoration Especially applied to minor offenses, punishment may take the form of the offender "righting the wrong", or making restitution to the victim. Community service or compensation orders are examples of this sort of penalty. In models of restorative justice, victims take an active role in a process with their offenders who are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions, "to repair the harm they've done—by apologizing, returning stolen money, or community service." The restorative justice approach aims to help the offender want to avoid future offences. Education and denunciation Punishment can be explained by positive prevention theory to use the criminal justice system to teach people what are the social norms for what is correct, and acts as a reinforcement. Punishment can serve as a means for society to publicly express denunciation of an action as being criminal. Besides educating people regarding what is not acceptable behavior, it serves the dual function of preventing vigilante justice by acknowledging public anger, while concurrently deterring future criminal activity by stigmatizing the offender. This is sometimes called the "Expressive Theory" of denunciation. The pillory was a method for carrying out public denunciation. Some critics of the education and denunciation model cite evolutionary problems with the notion that a feeling for punishment as a social signal system evolved if punishment was not effective. The critics argue that some individuals spending time and energy and taking risks in punishing others, and the possible loss of the punished group members, would have been selected against if punishment served no function other than signals that could evolve to work by less risky means. Unified theory A unified theory of punishment brings together multiple penal purposes—such as retribution, deterrence and rehabilitation—in a single, coherent framework. Instead of punishment requiring we choose between them, unified theorists argue that they work together as part of some wider goal such as the protection of rights. Criticism Some people think that punishment as a whole is unhelpful and even harmful to the people that it is used against. Detractors argue that punishment is simply wrong, of the same design as "two wrongs make a right". Critics argue that punishment is simply revenge. Professor Deirdre Golash, author of The Case against Punishment: Retribution, Crime Prevention, and the Law, says: Golash also writes about imprisonment: Destructiveness to thinking and betterment There are critics of punishment who argue that punishment aimed at intentional actions forces people to suppress their ability to act on intent. Advocates of this viewpoint argue that such suppression of intention causes the harmful behaviors to remain, making punishment counterproductive. These people suggest that the ability to make intentional choices should instead be treasured as a source of possibilities of betterment, citing that complex cognition would have been an evolutionarily useless waste of energy if it led to justifications of fixed actions and no change as simple inability to understand arguments would have been the most thrifty protection from being misled by them if arguments were for social manipulation, and reject condemnation of people who intentionally did bad things. Punishment can be effective in stopping undesirable employee behaviors such as tardiness, absenteeism or substandard work performance. However, punishment does not necessarily cause an employee to demonstrate a desirable behavior. See also Citations References Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Legal Punishment Etymology Online External links Social philosophy Criminal justice
Mona Jassim Mohammed al-Kuwari (, is a Bahraini judge, academic, and author. She is currently a member of the Constitutional Court, the first woman in the Gulf to sit on such a court, which includes two other judges and a secretary. Early life and education Al-Kuwari studied at the Beirut Arab University Faculty of Law and Political Science, earning a Bachelor of Arts in Law in 2000, a postgraduate diploma in Public Law in 2005, a Master of Studies in Law in Criminal Law in 2007 for the thesis التفتيش شروطه وحالات بطلانه دراسة مقارنة (“Investigations: Conditions and Contraindications, a Comparative Study”), and a Doctor of Criminal Justice in 2013 for the thesis جريمة التزوير الإلكتروني دراسة مقارنة (“Electronic Fraud: A Comparative Study”). Career Al-Kuwari began her career as a professor at the University of Bahrain. She served as a Public Prosecutor from 2003 to 2006. In June 2006, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa appointed her to the Juvenile Court, making her the first woman judge in the Gulf. She served there until 2010, moving on to representing the government at the Supreme Civil Court (2011-2012) and Supreme Civil Court of Appeal (2012). She was President of the Supreme Civil Administrative Court in 2013 and from 2013 to 2014 held the same office in the Supreme Labor Court. She served from 2014 to 2016 on the Supreme Civil Court of Appeal. On April 25, 2016, the King issued Royal Decree No. 19 of that year, appointing Al-Kuwari to a five-year term on the Constitutional Court. Conferences Al-Kuwari participated in many regional and global conferences and seminars, including the following: 3rd Annual Conference of the Arab Women’s Legal Network (AWLN) (June 13-15, 2007) Judicial Skills Development Course at the Arab Center for Consulting and Training Services (Egypt, May 4-11, 2008) Integrated Legal Affairs Program (Egypt, January 5-17, 2009) Workshop on Practical Problems in Labor Disputes at Judicial and Legal Studies Institute of the Ministry of Justice (Bahrain) (2009) 4th Annual AWLN Conference launching Project for Strengthening Legislative Drafting Capabilities (Amman, Jordan, 2009) Speech at “Gender and Justice” conference in Washington, D.C. (June 14-16, 2009) Working visit to the United States of America (June 16-26, 2009) 2nd Conference of the World Justice Forum in Vienna, Austria (November 11-14, 2009) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Conference on Human Trafficking at the Crossroads in Manama, Bahrain (2009) Conference on Best Practices in Enhancing Judicial Accountability in Manama (2010) Workshop on the Use of Experts among Civil Court Judges, Judicial and Legal Studies Institute, Bahrain (2010) Conference on Unifying Forces in a Changing World in Kuwait (March 7-8, 2010) Diwaniyah Forum of Female Lawyers in Kuwait (May 10-16, 2011) Training Course in Italy (July 19-28, 2012) 5th Meeting of the AWLN Administrative Board in Jordan (October 1-3, 2012) Lectures at the Kuwait University College of Law (April 8-30, 2013) AWLN Administrative Board Meeting (July 12-20, 2013) Organization and committee memberships AWLN, Jordan Former Member of By-Elections Administrative Board, AWLN Legal Institute for Arbitrators in London Chair of Elections Supervising Committee for the 2006 Bahraini general election and 2014 Bahraini general election (the latter under Royal Decree No. 26 of 2014) Financial Disclosures' Examination Authority (May 4, 2014-May 3, 2016, pursuant to above Decree) Judicial Committee for the Settlement of Stalled Real Estate Projects (Royal Decree No. 66 of 2015) Publications الحبس الاحتياطي (“Pretrial Detention”) القيود والأوصاف (“Restrictions and Descriptions”) التفتيش شروطه وحالات بطلانه (“Investigations: Conditions and Contraindications”) التزوير الإلكتروني (“Electronic Fraud: A Comparative Study”) Awards In 2016, Al-Kuwari was honored as a pioneer in holding judicial positions locally and internationally by the Supreme Council for Women of Bahrain. On March 18, 2019, the Dunya Sisters Council for Community Development honored her among a number of pioneering figures in the Arab world. References Bahraini women writers Banu Tamim Academic staff of the University of Bahrain Beirut Arab University alumni Year of birth missing (living people) Living people
The Keelpennathur block is a revenue block in the Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 45 panchayat villages. References Revenue blocks in Tiruvannamalai district
```javascript import CommandHistoryInternalBase from '../base/command-history-internal-base'; export class DeleteLog extends CommandHistoryInternalBase { apply( args ) { if ( args.id ) { this.history.deleteItem( args.id ); } } } export default DeleteLog; ```
JWB may refer to: National Jewish Welfare Board, Jewish organization in the United States John Wayne Bobbitt (born 1967), victim of a crime John Wilkes Booth (1838–1865), American actor and assassin who murdered Abraham Lincoln Jinwanbao, Chinese newspaper
Frank Clarke (born 8 October 1936 in Cardiff, Glamorgan) is a former Welsh cricketer. Clarke was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. Clarke made his first-class debut for Glamorgan against the Combined Services at Cardiff Arms Park in 1956. Clarke went on to make thirty further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the touring South Africans in 1960. Primarily a bowler, Clarke took 50 first-class wickets at an average of 37.36, with best figures of 5/66. These figures were his only five wicket haul and came against Middlesex at Lord's in the 1959 County Championship. With the bat, he scored a total of 98 runs at a batting average of 3.76, with a high score of 31. This score, which came against the touring Indians in 1959, accounted for 32% of his entire career runs. Injury forced Clarke to retire in the 1961 season. References External links Frank Clarke at ESPNcricinfo Frank Clarke at CricketArchive 1936 births Living people Cricketers from Cardiff Welsh cricketers Glamorgan cricketers
Sybille de Baugé, Lady of Bâgé (1255–1294), was the suo jure Lady of Bâgé and Lady of Bresse in 1255-1294. She was a Countess Consort of Savoy in 1285-1294 by marriage to Amadeus V, Count of Savoy. Life She was born to Guy I Damas de Baugé, Baron of Couzan, and Dauphine de Lavieu. Her father died the year of her birth. She inherited the fiefs of her father and became ruling Lady of Bâgé and Lady of Bresse as an infant. Being a minor, her domains was placed under the guardianship of Philip I, Count of Savoy, who acted as her guardian and arranged her marriage with his relative. Her mother remarried Jean of Châtillon-en-Bazois. On 5 July 1272, at the age of seventeen, she married the future Amadeus V in Lyon. By her marriage, her personal domains of Bâgé and Bresse was eventually to become incorporated in the County of Savoy, with exception of some land which had been donated to some relatives in 1265. In 1285, her spouse became the heir of Savoy after his uncle. In 1285, her spouse succeeded to the title of Count of Savoy, making Sybille Countess of Savoy. In early 1294, she made her will, with the title Sibilla comitissa Sabaudiæ, dominaque Baugiaci, uxor illustris viri domini Amedei comitis Sabaudiæ. Issue Bonne of Savoy, married firstly, John I of Viennois, Dauphin of Viennois, and secondly, Hugh of Burgundy, Lord of Montbauson, the son of Hugh III, Count of Burgundy. John of Savoy Beatrice of Savoy Edward, Count of Savoy Eleonor of Savoy, married: firstly, William of Chalon, Count of Auxerre and Tonnerre; secondly, Dreux IV of Mello; and thirdly, John I, Count of Forez. Her daughter, Marguerite of Mello, married John II of Chalon-Arlay. Margaret of Savoy (d. 1349), married John I of Montferrat. Agnes of Savoy (d. 1372), married William III of Geneva. Their son was Amadeus III of Geneva. Aymon, Count of Savoy Gallery References 1255 births 1294 deaths Countesses of Savoy 13th-century women rulers
Drzymałowice (German: Dittersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mściwojów, within Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. References Villages in Jawor County
Background Founded in Los Angeles in 1968 by veteran labor, immigrant rights, and community organizers, the Centro de Acción Social Autónomo-Hermandad General de Trabajadores (Center for Autonomous Social Action--General Brotherhood of Workers, abbreviated as CASA-HGT or more commonly CASA) was a hub of organizing, training, and mutual aid focused on immigrant and Chicano workers. CASA began as a chapter of a San Diego organization, established in 1950 called a Hermadad Mexicana Nacional. La Hermadad's main focus was on supporting immigrant workers organize themselves since at the time unions refused to work with undocumented communities. During the early 1970s, organizers established CASA chapters in San Diego and San Jose, California, El Paso, Texas, Greeley, Colorado, and Chicago, Illinois. Working with progressive lawyers and trade unions, CASA developed strategies that became common in the immigrant rights movement. History Veteran labor and community organizers Bert Corona, Humberto Camacho (United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America), Rose Chernin (Committee to Protect the Foreign Born), conceived of CASA way to promote self-organization and mutual aid among undocumented immigrants. By the late 1960s, U.S. employers were recruiting large numbers of Mexican immigrants for jobs in urban industries, just as changes in immigration policy drastically reduced the number authorized migrants from Mexico. CASA worked with progressive activists and lawyers to promote "know your rights" campaigns in immigrant communities, supported unionization drives among immigrant workers, and challenged the legality of neighborhood and workplace raids by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. It also served as a training ground for young militants committed to worker organizing and as cross-border solidarity. The national network of CASAs supported the National Coalition for Fair Immigration Laws and Practices that challenged the immigration policies of the Carter and Reagan administrations. Initially based in East Los Angeles, CASA moved to rented offices in the Pico-Union neighborhood in 1970 that included an in house law firm, a meeting hall, and a kitchen. Corona served as the leader, joined by labor organizer Soledad "Chole" Alatorre in 1972. At its height, the organization claimed 8,000 dues paying members in Los Angeles. Corona and Alatorre left the organization in 1974 when a younger group of leaders took charge. References 1968 establishments in California Mexican-American history Labor movement in the United States Defunct organizations based in California Immigrant rights organizations
Fauzia Ilyas (born 1989) is a Dutch Pakistani speaker, political activist, and the president and co-founder of Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan. Ilyas, an open atheist and apostate of Islam, fled from Pakistan after receiving threats to her life and faced potential legal charges for blasphemy in Pakistan. Ilyas received asylum in the Netherlands, where she is now a critic of Islam and campaigner for feminism, secularism, and atheist rights in Pakistan. Biography Youth and arranged marriage Ilyas was born in 1989 and grew up in a religious Sunni Muslim family in Pakistan. At the age of 16, her father announced her arranged marriage with a businessman whom she had never met, and her new husband forced her to wear a veil and sexually abused her. Ilyas sought help from her parents, but they refused, giving Islamic excuses for her husband's behaviour. After daily unanswered prayers, Ilyas increasingly questioned the existence of Allah and professed her doubts to her husband, who reacted by forcing her out of their home and preventing her from seeing their daughter. Apostasy and escape Later, Ilyas met a fellow atheist in Lahore named Sayed Gillani. They married and together founded Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan in 2012. After failing to keep their identities secret, Ilyas and Gillani faced death threats and charges of blasphemy, which is legally punishable by death in Pakistan. In 2015, they fled via Dubai to the Netherlands. First, Ilyas arrived in an asylum centre in Den Helder on 30 August, and was joined by Gillani in December after friends helped him fund his escape from Pakistan. Activism As of December 2015, the Atheist & Agnostic Alliance of Pakistan had about 3,000 members. Ilyas featured both in Deeyah Khan's British documentary Islam's Non-Believers (October 2016) and in Dorothée Forma's Dutch documentary Non-believers: Freethinkers on the Run (December 2016). In January 2017, Ilyas presented her story to the European Parliament with the International Humanist and Ethical Union. In April, she also received the International Atheist of the Year award. Ilyas criticised Facebook for taking down almost all Pakistan-based secular and Islam-critical pages in response to mass flagging campaigns by Islamists. She argued that Facebook should be a platform for freedom of expression, and stop facilitating the Islamist crackdown against so-called "blasphemers". See also Ali A. Rizvi, Pakistani-born Canadian ex-Muslim activist and writer Aliyah Saleem, Pakistani-born ex-Muslim activist from Faith to Faithless Ex-Muslims of North America, co-founded by Pakistani-American ex-Muslim activists Muhammad Syed and Sarah Haider Maajid Nawaz, Pakistani-British liberal Muslim activist References 1989 births 21st-century atheists Dutch atheism activists Former Muslim critics of Islam Critics of Sunni Islam Living people Pakistani atheists Pakistani emigrants to the Netherlands Pakistani former Muslims Dutch former Muslims Pakistani human rights activists Dutch human rights activists Women human rights activists Pakistani secularists Dutch secularists People from Lahore People from Den Helder University of the Punjab alumni Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands Former Muslims turned agnostics or atheists Dutch critics of Islam Articles containing video clips
Lay or LAY may refer to: Places Lay Range, a subrange of mountains in British Columbia, Canada Lay, Loire, a French commune Lay (river), France Lay, Iran, a village Lay, Kansas, United States, an unincorporated community People Lay (surname) Lay Raksmey (born 1989), Cambodian footballer Lay Zhang, Chinese rapper, music producer, actor, and member of the K-pop boy group Exo Poetry A short ballad or lyrical poem Heroic lay, a Germanic work of narrative verse Breton lay lai (poetic form), a medieval French lay Other uses Lay Dam, Alabama, United States Lea (unit), obsolete unit of length sometimes spelled "Lay" LA-Y, Yoshinobu Launch Complex, in Tanegashima, Japan A characteristic of material surface finish In betting, see Betting exchange § Backing and laying See also Lay's, a potato-chip brand name and company Laity Ley (disambiguation) Lai (disambiguation)
```c++ /============================================================================= file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url ==============================================================================/ #if !defined(FUSION_IS_SEQUENCE_05052005_1002) #define FUSION_IS_SEQUENCE_05052005_1002 #include <boost/fusion/support/sequence_base.hpp> #include <boost/fusion/support/tag_of.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/is_sequence.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/or.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/bool.hpp> #include <boost/type_traits/is_convertible.hpp> #include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp> namespace boost { namespace fusion { // Special tags: struct non_fusion_tag; struct boost_tuple_tag; // boost::tuples::tuple tag struct boost_array_tag; // boost::array tag struct mpl_sequence_tag; // mpl sequence tag struct std_pair_tag; // std::pair tag namespace extension { template <typename T> struct is_sequence_impl { template <typename Sequence> struct apply : is_convertible<Sequence, detail::from_sequence_convertible_type> {}; }; template <> struct is_sequence_impl<non_fusion_tag> { template <typename T> struct apply : mpl::false_ {}; }; template <> struct is_sequence_impl<boost_tuple_tag>; template <> struct is_sequence_impl<boost_array_tag>; template <> struct is_sequence_impl<mpl_sequence_tag>; template <> struct is_sequence_impl<std_pair_tag>; } namespace traits { template <typename T> struct is_sequence : mpl::bool_< (bool)extension::is_sequence_impl< typename fusion::detail::tag_of<T>::type >::template apply<T>::type::value > {}; template <typename Sequence, typename Enable = void> struct is_native_fusion_sequence : is_convertible<Sequence, detail::from_sequence_convertible_type> {}; } }} #endif ```
Charles-Georges Boyer (1743 in Paris – 1806 or 1807 in Paris) was an 18th-century French music publisher. Biography Boyer was écuyer du Roi when he married Marie-Rose Le Menu in February 1775. In January 1778, his wife joined with her mother Roze Menu in their music publishing company, under the sign "À la clef d'or". The business had been established by Christophe Le Menu in 1758. The association Dames Lemenu et Boyer ended in 1783. That same year, Boyer took over his stepmother's company, after he had invested in the business as soon as 21 January 1779. The catalogues issued under his name merged works previously published by Madame Le Menu. In 1784, Boyer bought the business of publisher Jean-Baptiste Venier. His various addresses in Paris from 1778 to 1796 were rue du Roule (1778–83) ; rue Neuve-des-petits-Champs (1783–85) ; rue de Richelieu (1785–93) or rue de la Loi (1793–96, because of name changes during the Revolution), in the former café Foy. In 1796, he sold his business to publisher Jean-Henri Naderman who presented himself as his successor and kept the sign "À la clef d'or" rue de la Loi. Boyer's repertory encompassed all that was fashionable: symphonies, sinfonia concertante, concertos, chamber music and less serious pieces such as arrangements to opéra comiques and popular tunes. His catalog included Italian composers Boccherini, Cambini, Clementi, Lorenziti and Sarti ; German ones, such as Haydn, Stamitz, Wanhal, Kreutzer, Leopold Kozeluch and Sterkel. In contrast, French composers were minority Bibliography References Publishers (people) from Paris 1743 births 1806 deaths French music publishers (people) Publishing companies of France

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