text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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The Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (French: chef de l'opposition au Sénat) is the leader of the largest opposition group in the Senate of France. The status has no official recognition in the French Constitution. What is more, the ideological differences between groups in the Senate is smaller than as usual, as the powers of the Senate allow it, at best, to lengthen the time for a bill.
Following the 2011 Senate election and the victory of the Socialists, Jean-Claude Gaudin became the first right-wing Senate Opposition Leader under the Fifth Republic. Eight people have held the position since its establishment in 1959. The current officeholder is Patrick Kanner.
List of Opposition Leaders under the Fifth Republic
Political parties:
References
Members of the Senate (France)
France |
The United Arab Emirates Armed Forces Band () is the official musical unit of the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces. Since 1991, it has been under the direct command of the Armed Forces General Staff, rather than the United Arab Emirates Army. It is currently the premier military band in the UAE, consisting of a marching band, a musical troupe, and a pipe band, all based out of Abu Dhabi. It is currently under the direction of Second Lieutenant Abdalla Abdul Karim Al Houti. The uniform of the band consists of a bright red tunic and white trousers. The band has participated in several international events in cities such as Cologne, Kuala Lumpur, and New Delhi. When it is inside the country, the band usually accompanies the UAE Presidential Guard in official ceremonies such as the visit of foreign leaders (i.e. Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, Pope Francis).
History
The first music band was established in 1957 called the "Coast of Oman Choir". It was created in 1970 as the Abu Dhabi Defence Force Band. It was based in Al Ain and was part of the Al-Ahrar Training Center. It was renamed in 1975 to the "Military Music Unit" and was renamed again in 1980 after merging with the Yarmouk 3rs Brigade Band. It was disengaged from the UAE Army in 1991 and became an independent unit of the General Command of the Armed Forces. In 1994 the formation was modified to become a group of military music and was associated with the Directorate of Moral Guidance.
Foreign and domestic events
In 2013, the band took part in the Berlin Tattoo.
It took part in the Kuala Lumpur International Festival of Military Music
The band took part in the along with bands such as the Band of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia and the Abu Dhabi Police Band.
35-musicians from the band along with a 149-member tri-service contingent UAE Presidential Guard marched on the Rajpath in the presence of Sultan Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and President Pranab Mukherjee during the Delhi Republic Day parade of 2017.
In June 2018, the band took part in the Beating Retreat ceremony on Horse Guards Parade in London by the Bands of the Household Division.
See also
Music of the United Arab Emirates
Indian military bands
Royal Corps of Army Music
Jordanian Armed Forces Band
References
Emirati musical groups
Military bands
Musical groups established in 1970
Military units and formations established in 1970
Military of the United Arab Emirates |
is a manga series written and illustrated by Sanpei Shirato. Set in feudal Japan, it tells the story of a low-born ninja who has fled his clan. The series combines historical adventure with social commentary and themes of oppression and rebellion that reflect Shirato's Marxist convictions.
Plot
Kamui is a ninja from the Edo period who has decided to leave his clan. After doing so he is pursued relentlessly by the members of his former clan; who consider him to be a traitor and therefore wish to kill him. Kamui then wanders around Japan to escape from them by using his intelligence and great abilities to survive. In the course of the series, Kamui begins to suffer from paranoia because of his status as a persecuted man. Kamui then started to believe that everybody wished to murder him and became distrusting of everyone he came across.
Publication
The original series, , ran from December 1964 to July 1971 in the monthly gekiga magazine Garo. Two spin-offs series titled ran in
Weekly Shōnen Sunday from 1965 to 1967 and in Big Comic from 1982 to 1987, respectively. A continuation of Kamui Den, illustrated by Tetsuji Okamoto, ran from May 5, 1988, to April 10, 2000, in Big Comic.
In 1987, two volumes of the second Kamui Gaiden series became one of the first manga titles to be published in the United States (by Eclipse Comics and Viz Comics), as The Legend of Kamui. The Viz edition featured lettering and retouching by Usagi Yojimbo creator Stan Sakai.
Adaptations
The manga was adapted into an anime series The Chronicles of Kamui the Ninja (1969) and a live-action film Kamui Gaiden (2009) (based on the first and second Kamui Gaiden series, respectively).
was produced by TCJ and Zuiyo in 1969. It was broadcast in Japan from April 6, 1969, to September 28, 1969, by Fuji TV. Kamui the Ninja had 26 episodes with a running time of 22 minutes each. An episode of the series was dubbed to English and released as a VHS bundle by REMCO under their Secret of the Ninja toyline.
References
External links
1964 manga
1969 anime television series debuts
Action anime and manga
Fuji TV original programming
Historical anime and manga
Manga adapted into films
Ninja in anime and manga
Seinen manga
Shōnen manga
Shogakukan franchises
Shogakukan manga
Viz Media manga
Gekiga |
Bright City Presents: Still, Volume 2 (also referred to as Still Volume 2) is the third studio album by English Christian worship collective Bright City, released by Integrity Music on 2 March 2018. It also the second release in the Still instrumental series by Integrity Music, initiated in 2017. Still Volume 2 was recorded at different locations in the United Kingdom and mastered at Abbey Road Studios, Jonny Bird worked on the production of the album.
Background
The album is the second installment in the Still series of instrumental albums being released through Integrity Music, featuring a different artist/producer. It is a follow-up to the first installment issued in 2017, featuring Rivers & Robots.
Singles
On 26 January 2018, Bright City released "Great Are You Lord" via Integrity Music as the lead single from the album in digital format.
Critical reception
Jonathan Andre, giving the album a score of four-out-of-five at 365 Days of Inspiring Media, recommended the album to classical, instrumental and worship music listeners, exclaiming that the album is "a great fusion of modern music sounds with songs that people have heard in Sunday services for years!" Stephen Luff, indicating in a nine square review at Cross Rhythms, concludes, "It is great to hear an album challenging the status quo in the instrumental worship genre which too often in the past has found itself in a rut." At Louder Than The Music, Jono Davies rated the album a perfect five stars, expressing the sentiment that "everything on this album feels so current," and commended Bright City saying, "[they] have taken time to work through these songs and make them their own and have done a wonderful job at that."
Track listing
Bright City Presents: Still, Volume 2 (5 Day Devotional) EP
Bright City Presents: Still, Volume 2 (5 Day Devotional) is an extended play by Bright City released through Integrity Music on music streaming service Spotify. Integrity Music also published a five-day devotional reading plan on Bible.com,<ref where Paul Nelson of Bright City explained:
Taking time each day to be still before God is one of the most life-changing things we can do. Join me on this plan as we acknowledge that the Lord is God over the busyness and battles of daily life. Draw close to hear His whisper, let your soul be quieted by His song of love, and receive His hope at the foot of the cross.
— Paul Nelson, Bright City
Release history
References
External links
Full album via official YouTube channel
2018 albums
Bright City albums |
Baxter is an unincorporated community in Union County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.
History
A post office called Baxter was established in 1900, and remained in operation until 1953. Baxter was located inland away from railroads.
In 1984 US Army Sgt. Major Ira T. Harkins retired from Fort Hood and purchased the land and moved there with his wife, Pauline Harkins and built a home where the boarding house once stood. The boarding house was moved adjacent to the Post Office building, where both still stand to this day as private property.
References
Unincorporated communities in Union County, Georgia |
Sankardev Shishu Niketan, Mangaldai is a well known school located in Baruapara, Ward No.4, Mangaldai Darrang District, Assam. This school is run by the Shishu Shiksha Samiti, Assam; a state-level affiliate committee of Vidya Bharati.
Faculty
18 teachers, two office assistants, more than 400 students
References
High schools and secondary schools in Assam
Educational institutions established in 1993
1993 establishments in Assam |
```html+erb
<%= decidim_modal id: "conference-registration-confirm-#{model.id}", class: "conference__registration-modal" do %>
<div class="flex items-center gap-2">
<%= icon "ticket-line", class: "w-6 h-6 text-gray fill-current flex-none" %>
<div class="font-semibold text-black text-2xl" id="dialog-title-conference-registration-confirm-<%= model.id %>"><%= I18n.t("registration", scope: "decidim.conferences.conference.show") %></div>
</div>
<div id="dialog-desc-conference-registration-confirm-<%= model.id %>" class="text-gray-2 text-xl mt-9">
<%= decidim_sanitize_editor translated_attribute(conference.registration_terms) %>
</div>
<div class="flex justify-between mt-16">
<button class="button button__lg button__transparent-secondary" data-dialog-close="<%= model.id %>"><%= t("cancel", scope: "decidim.conferences.conference.registration_confirm") %></button>
<%= button_to t("confirm", scope: "decidim.conferences.conference.registration_confirm"), conference_registration_type_conference_registration_path(conference, model), class: "button button__lg button__secondary" %>
</div>
<% end %>
``` |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.rocketmq.store;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.UtilAll;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageDecoder;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExtBatch;
import org.junit.After;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class StoreTestBase {
private int QUEUE_TOTAL = 100;
private AtomicInteger QueueId = new AtomicInteger(0);
private SocketAddress BornHost = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8123);
private SocketAddress StoreHost = BornHost;
private byte[] MessageBody = new byte[1024];
protected Set<String> baseDirs = new HashSet<>();
private static AtomicInteger port = new AtomicInteger(30000);
public static synchronized int nextPort() {
return port.addAndGet(5);
}
protected MessageExtBatch buildBatchMessage(int size) {
MessageExtBatch messageExtBatch = new MessageExtBatch();
messageExtBatch.setTopic("StoreTest");
messageExtBatch.setTags("TAG1");
messageExtBatch.setKeys("Hello");
messageExtBatch.setQueueId(Math.abs(QueueId.getAndIncrement()) % QUEUE_TOTAL);
messageExtBatch.setSysFlag(0);
messageExtBatch.setBornTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
messageExtBatch.setBornHost(BornHost);
messageExtBatch.setStoreHost(StoreHost);
List<Message> messageList = new ArrayList<>(size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
messageList.add(buildMessage());
}
messageExtBatch.setBody(MessageDecoder.encodeMessages(messageList));
return messageExtBatch;
}
protected MessageExtBrokerInner buildMessage() {
MessageExtBrokerInner msg = new MessageExtBrokerInner();
msg.setTopic("StoreTest");
msg.setTags("TAG1");
msg.setKeys("Hello");
msg.setBody(MessageBody);
msg.setKeys(String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
msg.setQueueId(Math.abs(QueueId.getAndIncrement()) % QUEUE_TOTAL);
msg.setSysFlag(0);
msg.setBornTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
msg.setStoreHost(StoreHost);
msg.setBornHost(BornHost);
return msg;
}
protected MessageExtBatch buildIPv6HostBatchMessage(int size) {
MessageExtBatch messageExtBatch = new MessageExtBatch();
messageExtBatch.setTopic("StoreTest");
messageExtBatch.setTags("TAG1");
messageExtBatch.setKeys("Hello");
messageExtBatch.setBody(MessageBody);
messageExtBatch.setMsgId("24084004018081003FAA1DDE2B3F898A00002A9F0000000000000CA0");
messageExtBatch.setKeys(String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
messageExtBatch.setQueueId(Math.abs(QueueId.getAndIncrement()) % QUEUE_TOTAL);
messageExtBatch.setSysFlag(0);
messageExtBatch.setBornHostV6Flag();
messageExtBatch.setStoreHostAddressV6Flag();
messageExtBatch.setBornTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
messageExtBatch.setBornHost(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName("1050:0000:0000:0000:0005:0600:300c:326b"), 8123));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
messageExtBatch.setStoreHost(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName("::1"), 8123));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
List<Message> messageList = new ArrayList<>(size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
messageList.add(buildIPv6HostMessage());
}
messageExtBatch.setBody(MessageDecoder.encodeMessages(messageList));
return messageExtBatch;
}
protected MessageExtBrokerInner buildIPv6HostMessage() {
MessageExtBrokerInner msg = new MessageExtBrokerInner();
msg.setTopic("StoreTest");
msg.setTags("TAG1");
msg.setKeys("Hello");
msg.setBody(MessageBody);
msg.setMsgId("24084004018081003FAA1DDE2B3F898A00002A9F0000000000000CA0");
msg.setKeys(String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
msg.setQueueId(Math.abs(QueueId.getAndIncrement()) % QUEUE_TOTAL);
msg.setSysFlag(0);
msg.setBornHostV6Flag();
msg.setStoreHostAddressV6Flag();
msg.setBornTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
msg.setBornHost(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName("1050:0000:0000:0000:0005:0600:300c:326b"), 8123));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
msg.setStoreHost(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName("::1"), 8123));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return msg;
}
public static String createBaseDir() {
String baseDir = System.getProperty("user.home") + File.separator + "unitteststore" + File.separator + UUID.randomUUID();
final File file = new File(baseDir);
if (file.exists()) {
System.exit(1);
}
return baseDir;
}
public static boolean makeSureFileExists(String fileName) throws Exception {
File file = new File(fileName);
MappedFile.ensureDirOK(file.getParent());
return file.createNewFile();
}
public static void deleteFile(String fileName) {
deleteFile(new File(fileName));
}
public static void deleteFile(File file) {
UtilAll.deleteFile(file);
}
@After
public void clear() {
for (String baseDir : baseDirs) {
deleteFile(baseDir);
}
}
}
``` |
```haskell
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}
module Cardano.Wallet.Types.UtxoStatistics
( -- * Types
UtxoStatistics
, BoundType
, UtxoStatisticsError(..)
-- * Constructing 'UtxoStatistics'
, computeUtxoStatistics
-- * Constructing 'BoundType'
, log10
) where
import Universum
import Control.Lens (at, (?~))
import Data.Aeson (FromJSON (..), Object, ToJSON (..), Value (..),
genericParseJSON, genericToJSON, object, withObject, (.:),
(.=))
import Data.Aeson.Types (Parser)
import Data.Swagger (NamedSchema (..), Referenced (..),
SwaggerType (..), ToSchema (..), declareSchemaRef,
genericDeclareNamedSchema, minimum_, properties, required,
type_)
import Data.Word (Word64)
import Formatting (bprint, build, (%))
import Serokell.Util (listJson)
import Test.QuickCheck (Arbitrary (..), arbitrary, choose, elements,
infiniteListOf, shuffle)
import Cardano.Wallet.API.V1.Swagger.Example (Example)
import Cardano.Wallet.Util (eitherToParser)
import Pos.Chain.Txp (TxOut (..), TxOutAux (..), Utxo)
import Pos.Core.Common (Coin (..))
import Pos.Infra.Util.LogSafe (BuildableSafeGen (..),
deriveSafeBuildable)
import qualified Control.Foldl as L
import qualified Data.Aeson as Aeson
import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HMS
import qualified Data.List.NonEmpty as NL
import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
import qualified Data.Swagger as Swagger
import qualified Formatting.Buildable
--
-- TYPES
--
data UtxoStatistics = UtxoStatistics
{ theHistogram :: ![HistogramBar]
, theAllStakes :: !Word64
} deriving (Show, Generic, Ord)
data UtxoStatisticsError
= ErrEmptyHistogram
| ErrInvalidBounds !Text
| ErrInvalidTotalStakes !Text
deriving (Eq, Show, Read, Generic)
-- Buckets boundaries can be constructed in different ways
data BoundType = Log10 deriving (Eq, Show, Read, Generic)
instance ToJSON BoundType where
toJSON = genericToJSON aesonEnumOpts
instance FromJSON BoundType where
parseJSON = genericParseJSON aesonEnumOpts
instance ToSchema BoundType where
declareNamedSchema = genericDeclareNamedSchema Swagger.defaultSchemaOptions
instance Buildable UtxoStatisticsError where
build = \case
ErrEmptyHistogram ->
bprint "Utxo statistics histogram cannot be empty."
ErrInvalidBounds err ->
bprint ("Utxo statistics have invalid bounds: "%build%".") err
ErrInvalidTotalStakes err ->
bprint ("Utxo statistics have invalid total stakes: "%build%".") err
instance Eq UtxoStatistics where
(UtxoStatistics h s) == (UtxoStatistics h' s') =
s == s' && sorted h == sorted h'
where
sorted :: [HistogramBar] -> [HistogramBar]
sorted = sortOn (\(HistogramBarCount key _) -> key)
instance ToJSON UtxoStatistics where
toJSON (UtxoStatistics bars allStakes) =
let
histogramObject =
Object . HMS.fromList . map extractBarKey
extractBarKey (HistogramBarCount bound stake) =
show bound .= stake
in
object
[ "histogram" .= histogramObject bars
, "allStakes" .= allStakes
, "boundType" .= log10
]
instance FromJSON UtxoStatistics where
parseJSON = withObject "UtxoStatistics" parseUtxoStatistics
where
parseUtxoStatistics :: Object -> Parser UtxoStatistics
parseUtxoStatistics o =
eitherToParser =<< mkUtxoStatistics
<$> (o .: "boundType")
<*> (o .: "histogram")
<*> (o .: "allStakes")
instance Arbitrary UtxoStatistics where
arbitrary = do
upperBounds <- shuffle (NL.toList $ generateBounds Log10)
counts <- infiniteListOf arbitrary
let histogram = zip upperBounds counts
let histoBars = map (uncurry HistogramBarCount) histogram
allStakes <- choose (getPossibleBounds $ Map.fromList histogram)
return $ UtxoStatistics histoBars allStakes
instance BuildableSafeGen UtxoStatistics where
buildSafeGen _ UtxoStatistics{..} = bprint ("{"
%" histogram="%build
%" allStakes="%build
%" }")
theHistogram
theAllStakes
instance Example UtxoStatistics
instance ToSchema UtxoStatistics where
declareNamedSchema _ = do
wordRef <- declareSchemaRef (Proxy :: Proxy Word64)
btypeRef <- declareSchemaRef (Proxy :: Proxy BoundType)
pure $ NamedSchema (Just "UtxoStatistics") $ mempty
& type_ ?~ SwaggerObject
& required .~ ["histogram", "allStakes"]
& properties .~ (mempty
& at "boundType" ?~ btypeRef
& at "allStakes" ?~ (Inline $ mempty
& type_ ?~ SwaggerNumber
& minimum_ .~ Just 0
)
& at "histogram" ?~ Inline (mempty
& type_ ?~ SwaggerObject
& properties .~ (mempty
& at "10" ?~ wordRef
& at "100" ?~ wordRef
& at "1000" ?~ wordRef
& at "10000" ?~ wordRef
& at "100000" ?~ wordRef
& at "1000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "10000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "100000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "1000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "10000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "100000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "1000000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "10000000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "100000000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "1000000000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "10000000000000000" ?~ wordRef
& at "45000000000000000" ?~ wordRef
)
)
)
--
-- CONSTRUCTING
--
-- | Smart-constructor to create bounds using a log-10 scale
log10 :: BoundType
log10 = Log10
{-# INLINE log10 #-}
-- | Compute UtxoStatistics from a bunch of UTXOs
computeUtxoStatistics :: BoundType -> [Utxo] -> UtxoStatistics
computeUtxoStatistics btype =
L.fold foldStatistics . concatMap getCoins
where
getCoins :: Utxo -> [Word64]
getCoins =
map (getCoin . txOutValue . toaOut) . Map.elems
foldStatistics :: L.Fold Word64 UtxoStatistics
foldStatistics = UtxoStatistics
<$> foldBuckets (generateBounds btype)
<*> L.sum
foldBuckets :: NonEmpty Word64 -> L.Fold Word64 [HistogramBar]
foldBuckets bounds =
let
step :: Map Word64 Word64 -> Word64 -> Map Word64 Word64
step x a =
case Map.lookupGE a x of
Just (k, v) -> Map.insert k (v+1) x
Nothing -> Map.adjust (+1) (head bounds) x
initial :: Map Word64 Word64
initial =
Map.fromList $ zip (NL.toList bounds) (repeat 0)
extract :: Map Word64 Word64 -> [HistogramBar]
extract =
map (uncurry HistogramBarCount) . Map.toList
in
L.Fold step initial extract
--
-- INTERNALS
--
-- Utxo statistics for the wallet.
-- Histogram is composed of bars that represent the bucket. The bucket is tagged by upper bound of a given bucket.
-- The bar value corresponds to the number of stakes
-- In the future the bar value could be different things:
-- (a) sum of stakes in a bucket
-- (b) avg or std of stake in a bucket
-- (c) topN buckets
-- to name a few
data HistogramBar = HistogramBarCount
{ bucketUpperBound :: !Word64
, bucketCount :: !Word64
} deriving (Show, Eq, Ord, Generic)
instance Example HistogramBar
instance Arbitrary HistogramBar where
arbitrary = do
upperBound <- elements (NL.toList $ generateBounds log10)
count <- arbitrary
pure (HistogramBarCount upperBound count)
instance Buildable [HistogramBar] where
build =
bprint listJson
instance BuildableSafeGen HistogramBar where
buildSafeGen _ HistogramBarCount{..} =
bprint ("{"
%" upperBound="%build
%" count="%build
%" }")
bucketUpperBound
bucketCount
mkUtxoStatistics
:: BoundType
-> Map Word64 Word64
-> Word64
-> Either UtxoStatisticsError UtxoStatistics
mkUtxoStatistics btype histogram allStakes = do
let (histoKeys, histoElems) = (Map.keys histogram, Map.elems histogram)
let acceptedKeys = NL.toList $ generateBounds btype
let (minPossibleValue, maxPossibleValue) = getPossibleBounds histogram
let constructHistogram = uncurry HistogramBarCount
let histoBars = map constructHistogram $ Map.toList histogram
when (length histoKeys <= 0) $
Left ErrEmptyHistogram
when (any (`notElem` acceptedKeys) histoKeys) $
Left $ ErrInvalidBounds $ "given bounds are incompatible with bound type (" <> show btype <> ")"
when (any (< 0) histoElems) $
Left $ ErrInvalidBounds "encountered negative bound"
when (allStakes < 0) $
Left $ ErrInvalidTotalStakes "total stakes is negative"
when (allStakes < minPossibleValue && allStakes > maxPossibleValue) $
Left $ ErrInvalidTotalStakes "inconsistent total stakes & histogram"
pure UtxoStatistics
{ theHistogram = histoBars
, theAllStakes = allStakes
}
generateBounds :: BoundType -> NonEmpty Word64
generateBounds bType =
let (^!) :: Word64 -> Word64 -> Word64
(^!) = (^)
in case bType of
Log10 -> NL.fromList $ map (\toPower -> 10 ^! toPower) [1..16] ++ [45 * (10 ^! 15)]
getPossibleBounds :: Map Word64 Word64 -> (Word64, Word64)
getPossibleBounds histogram =
(calculatePossibleBound fst, calculatePossibleBound snd)
where
createBracketPairs :: Num a => [a] -> [(a,a)]
createBracketPairs (reverse -> (x:xs)) = zip (map (+1) $ reverse (xs ++ [0])) (reverse (x:xs))
createBracketPairs _ = []
matching fromPair (key,value) =
map ( (*value) . fromPair ) . filter (\(_,upper) -> key == upper)
acceptedKeys = NL.toList $ generateBounds log10
calculatePossibleBound fromPair =
sum .
concatMap (\pair -> matching fromPair pair $ createBracketPairs acceptedKeys) $
Map.toList histogram
aesonEnumOpts :: Aeson.Options
aesonEnumOpts = Aeson.defaultOptions
{ Aeson.tagSingleConstructors = True
}
-- | TH at the end because it needs mostly everything to be declared first
deriveSafeBuildable ''UtxoStatistics
deriveSafeBuildable ''HistogramBar
``` |
```vue
<example src="./examples/PositionDirection.vue" />
<example src="./examples/AnimationTypes.vue" />
<example src="./examples/EventTriggers.vue" />
<example src="./examples/MorphingIcon.vue" />
<template>
<page-container centered :title="$t('pages.speedDial.title')">
<div class="page-container-section">
<p>Floating Action Buttons can show related actions upon hovering or pressing. The button should remain on screen after the menu is invoked.</p>
<p>Speed dial component is pretty flexible and have many options to make it easy to suit all your needs. You can apply different positions, work with a couple of events to trigger the content and also have a awesome morph effect on your main action.</p>
<p>The component is divided in 3 parts: The <code>md-speed-dial</code>, which is the container that control all children, <code>md-speed-dial-content</code> which is the content to be displayed (a.k.a buttons) and <code>md-speed-dial-trigger</code> who is responsible for triggering the content exhibition. Take a look at this following example:</p>
</div>
<div class="page-container-section">
<h2 id="speedpositions">Speed Dial positions</h2>
<p>You can specify any position that you want for you Speed Dial component. They can be top and bottom, and combined with left, center or right:</p>
<code-example title="Positions and directions" :component="examples['position-direction']" />
<note-block tip>Prefer the FAB on bottom left position for your main action on scrollable contents. Always use a <code>md-direction</code> equals to <code>bottom</code> when using top position.</note-block>
</div>
<div class="page-container-section">
<h2 id="effects">Effects</h2>
<p>The component can be displayed different animations for each scenario that you might want:</p>
<code-example title="Animations types" :component="examples['animation-types']" />
</div>
<div class="page-container-section">
<h2 id="triggers">Triggers</h2>
<p>You can trigger the speed dial content using hover or click. Using this allows you to have a open/close feature or to hold a main action:</p>
<code-example title="Event triggers" :component="examples['event-triggers']" />
<note-block tip>For desktop environments it's better to have a hover effect. On mobile you can toggle the property to use click instead.</note-block>
<api-item title="API - md-speed-dial">
<api-table :headings="props.headings" :props="props.props" slot="props" />
<api-table :headings="classes.headings" :props="classes.props" slot="classes" />
</api-item>
</div>
<div class="page-container-section">
<h2 id="iconMorph">Icon Morph</h2>
<p>Sometimes you want the speed dial to have a cross icon to represent your close action after showing the content. This can be easily achieved with the morph icons.</p>
<p>To create that, create two <code>md-icon</code> components inside the trigger and add a <code>md-morph-initial</code> in the one you would like it to be the initial state (or an open state) and a <code>md-morph-final</code> on the close state:</p>
<code-example title="Morphing Icons" :component="examples['morphing-icon']" />
</div>
<div class="page-container-section">
<h3>Components</h3>
<api-item title="API - md-speed-dial-content">
<p>This component does not have any extra option.</p>
</api-item>
<api-item title="API - md-speed-dial-trigger">
<p>This component is just an alias of <code>md-button</code> with <code>md-fab</code> class. So every option of <router-link to="/components/button">Buttons</router-link> can be applied here, even the Vue Router options...</p>
</api-item>
</div>
</page-container>
</template>
<script>
import examples from 'docs-mixins/docsExample'
export default {
name: 'DocSpeedDial',
mixins: [examples],
data: () => ({
props: {
headings: ['Name', 'Description', 'Default'],
props: [
{
name: 'md-direction',
type: 'String',
description: 'Applies the style to show the content below or above the trigger',
defaults: 'top'
}, {
offset: true,
name: 'md-direction="top"',
type: 'String',
description: 'Sets the direction of the animation effect to top. This is the default value of md-direction. You don\'t have to pass it unless you want to reset it\'s default value',
defaults: '-'
},
{
offset: true,
name: 'md-direction="bottom"',
type: 'String',
description: 'Sets the direction of the animation effect to bottom.',
defaults: '-'
},
{
name: 'md-effect',
type: 'Boolean',
description: 'Enables/Disables the ripple effect.',
defaults: 'fling'
},
{
offset: true,
name: 'md-effect="fling"',
type: 'String',
description: 'Applies a reveal effect combining both opacity and scale. This is the default behaviour in most of applications using FAB.',
defaults: '-'
},
{
offset: true,
name: 'md-effect="scale"',
type: 'String',
description: 'Applies a reveal effect using scale only.',
defaults: '-'
},
{
offset: true,
name: 'md-effect="opacity"',
type: 'String',
description: 'Applies a reveal effect using opacity only.',
defaults: '-'
},
{
name: 'md-event',
type: 'String',
description: 'Specifies the event who triggers the content',
defaults: 'hover'
},
{
offset: true,
name: 'md-event="hover"',
type: 'String',
description: 'Opens the content on hover.',
defaults: '-'
},
{
offset: true,
name: 'md-event="click"',
type: 'String',
description: 'Opens the content on click.',
defaults: '-'
}
]
},
classes: {
headings: ['Name', 'Description'],
props: [
{
name: 'md-top-right',
description: 'Positions the Speed Dial on the top right of the nearest relative parent'
},
{
name: 'md-top-center',
description: 'Positions the Speed Dial on the top center of the nearest relative parent'
},
{
name: 'md-top-left',
description: 'Positions the Speed Dial on the top left of the nearest relative parent'
},
{
name: 'md-bottom-right',
description: 'Positions the Speed Dial on the bottom right of the nearest relative parent'
},
{
name: 'md-bottom-center',
description: 'Positions the Speed Dial on the bottom center of the nearest relative parent'
},
{
name: 'md-bottom-left',
description: 'Positions the Speed Dial on the bottom left of the nearest relative parent'
},
{
name: 'md-fixed',
description: 'Applies css "position: fixed" to Speed Dial. Better used with the 4 position coordinates above'
}
]
}
})
}
</script>
``` |
Take It Away may refer to:
"Take It Away" (Paul McCartney song), song by Paul McCartney from his 1982 album Tug of War
"Take It Away" (The Used song), song by The Used from their 2004 album In Love and Death
"Take It Away" (L.A.B. song), song by L.A.B. from their 2023 album L.A.B. VI
Take It Away!, a 1968 Buddy Rich big band album (aka The New One!)
"Take It Away", song by Raven from their 1983 album All for One
"Take It Away", song by The Butterfly Effect from their 2001 EP The Butterfly Effect EP
"Take It Away", 2011 song by Karmin |
Jens Sørensen Wand also given as Wandt or Vand (28 April 1875 – 26 May 1950) was a Frisian bird warden on the island of Norderoog in Hallig Hooge, part of North Frisian Islands in the North Sea, off the coast of Germany. Wand protected nesting seabird colonies, particularly of nesting Sandwich terns. Seabird protection had begun in 1909 after some of the islands were purchased by the Jordsand bird protection organization. He was nicknamed the "Bird king of Norderoog."
Wand was born in Rolsø and little is known about his early life. He married Helene Marie Jespersen in 1889 and they lived in Brede near Bredebro north of Tønder during the winter and in summer he was often the only person to live on the island of Norderoog. He obtained his supplies from the nearby island of Hallig Hooge. He took up this position as a bird warden on 19 May 1909 and stayed there until his death in 1950. They had seven children. His wife drowned in a tidal creek between Hooge and Norderoog in 1914 and in 1950 he too drowned and died, at the same place. On the day of his death he had accompanied a film-maker named Venzl and a hiker and on the way back he was likely caught by the rising tide. His work involved keeping records of the numbers of birds nesting and to keep away any intruders. He came to be called the "Bird King of Norderoog" and sometimes as the "Hallig Robinson". His lonely life was the subject of much interest and he was the subject of many photographs and paintings. Wand's home built on stilts is now preserved as memorial.
References
External links
Painting by Albert Johannsen
1875 births
1950 deaths
Bird conservation
Danish conservationists
German conservationists |
Quentin Halys was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.
Andrej Martin won the title after defeating Jordan Thompson 6–4, 1–6, 6–3 in the final.
Seeds
All seeds receive a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
References
External links
Main draw
Qualifying draw
China International - Nanchang - Singles
2019 Singles |
Once Upon a Time in the East is a memoir by Chinese-born British Xiaolu Guo. The book is titled Nine Continents: A Memoir In and Out of China in the United States.
Summary
Guo's memoir begins with her as a newborn, when she was given to another couple by her parents. The couple raised Guo in a mountain village, which is where she remained at until she was 2 years old when the couple sent Guo back to her grandparents. Guo lived with her grandparents in the fishing village Shitang until she was 7 years old. As a child, Guo was in constant hunger and she later met her birth parents and lived at a communist compound. The memoir also documents her time in Beijing and in London after moving there in 2002.
Background
Guo decided to write the book because her friends said that her previously published writings about her childhood "were amazing". Her novel Village of Stone was partially based on her life. Guo thought that it would be hard to write the book, but she said that "it was the quickest book" that she has written. It was most difficult for Guo to write about her early life.
The book is titled Nine Continents: A Memoir In and Out of China in the United States.
Reception
A review in The Scotsman compared this book with Dear Friend, From My Life I Write To You In Your Life by Yiyun Li, stating, "But the differences are more deep-structured than superficial, in that Guo and Li represent two sides of an almost perpetual literary dichotomy; the Romantic and the Classical. Although Li writes movingly and affectingly about her own circumstances – the essays were born out of two spells in hospital for depression and speak openly about suicide – she writes towards a kind of selflessness".
Kirkus Reviews praised the book: 'A rich and insightful coming-of-age story of not only a woman, but an artist and the country in which she was born.'
References
2017 non-fiction books
Books about China
Chatto & Windus books
National Book Critics Circle Award-winning works |
Haeryong-myeon (), also called Haeryong Township, or Haeryong for short, is a myeon (township) in Suncheon, a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. The township is located in the south-eastern part of the city with a total area of . As of the last day of the year 2016, the population was recorded to be 46,994 people and the number of houses totaled 16,204. It is the myeon with the largest population in South Korea. The myeon office is located in 1228-10, Haeryong-ro in Woljeon-ri. There is Suncheon Bay in the south-west of the myeon; Yulchon-myeon, Yeosu in the south; Gwangyang Bay in the east; Gwangyang-eup, Gwangyang in the north-east; and Dosa-dong, Pungdeok-dong, Deogyeon-dong, Wangjo 2-dong, and Wangjo 1-dong in the west and the north-west.
History
1896 : Haechon-myeon and Yongdu-myeon, Suncheon-gun
1 April 1914 : Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon-gun
15 August 1949 : Haeryong-myeon, Seungju-gun
1 January 1995 : Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon-si
Ri
Haeryong-myeon has eighteen jurisdictions and eighty-three administrative districts.
Bokseong-ri
Bokseong-ri () has two administrative districts: Bokseong-ri, and Sangbi-ri. It also has East Suncheon Interchange on Suncheon–Wanju Expressway and Suncheon Bokseong High School.
Sangsam-ri
Sangsam-ri () has twenty-four administrative districts: Sangsam 1-ri to Sangsam 23-ri, and Samdong-ri. It also has Sangsam branch office ().
Sindae-ri
Sindae-ri () has twenty-seven administrative districts: Pyeonghwa-ri, Bongseo-ri, Sandu-ri, Wolsan-ri, and Sindae 1-ri to Sindae 23-ri. It also has Sindae branch office () since 16 January 2017.
Daean-ri
Daean-ri () has four administrative districts: Daean-ri, Soan-ri, Masan-ri, and Pungdeok-ri.
Namga-ri
Namga-ri () has three administrative districts: Namga-ri, Seoga-ri, and Daega-ri.
Woljeon-ri
Woljeon-ri () has three administrative districts: Woljeon-ri, Sinheung-ri, and Singi-ri. It also has myeon office.
Seongsan-ri
Seongsan-ri () has two administrative districts: Seongsan-ri, and Daebeop-ri. It also has Haeryong Interchange on Namhae Expressway.
Seonwol-ri
Seonwol-ri () has two administrative districts: Seonwol-ri, and Tongcheon-ri.
Sinseong-ri
Sinseong-ri () has only one administrative district: Sinseong-ri. It also has Suncheon Waeseong.
Hodu-ri
Hodu-ri () has three administrative districts: Hodu-ri, Dangdu-ri, and Gusang-ri.
Yongjeon-ri
Yongjeon-ri () has two administrative districts: Yongjeon-ri, and Sinwol-ri.
Dorong-ri
Dorong-ri () has only one administrative district: Dorong-ri. It also has Dorong Interchange on Namhae Expressway.
Jungheung-ri
Jungheung-ri () has only one administrative district: Jungheung-ri.
Haechang-ri
Haechang-ri () has only one administrative district: Haechang-ri.
Seonhak-ri
Seonhak-ri () has two administrative districts: Seonhak-ri, and Gyedang-ri.
Nongju-ri
Nongju-ri () has two administrative districts: Nongju-ri, and Nowol-ri.
Sangnae-ri
Sangnae-ri () has two administrative districts: Sangnae-ri, and Waon-ri.
Hasa-ri
Hasa-ri () has only one administrative district: Hasa-ri.
References
External links
Haeryong-myeon office
Suncheon
Towns and townships in South Jeolla Province |
```shell
#! /usr/bin/env bats
load '/bats-support/load.bash'
load '/bats-assert/load.bash'
load '/getssl/test/test_helper.bash'
# This is run for every test
teardown() {
[ -n "$BATS_TEST_COMPLETED" ] || touch $BATS_RUN_TMPDIR/failed.skip
}
setup() {
[ ! -f $BATS_RUN_TMPDIR/failed.skip ] || skip "skipping tests after first failure"
export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=/root/pebble-ca-bundle.crt
}
@test "Create dual certificates using HTTP-01 verification" {
if [ -n "$STAGING" ]; then
skip "Using staging server, skipping internal test"
fi
check_nginx
if [ "$OLD_NGINX" = "false" ]; then
CONFIG_FILE="getssl-http01-dual-rsa-ecdsa.cfg"
else
CONFIG_FILE="getssl-http01-dual-rsa-ecdsa-old-nginx.cfg"
fi
setup_environment
init_getssl
create_certificate
assert_success
check_output_for_errors
check_certificates
assert [ -e "${INSTALL_DIR}/.getssl/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}/chain.ec.crt" ]
assert [ -e "${INSTALL_DIR}/.getssl/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}/fullchain.ec.crt" ]
assert [ -e "${INSTALL_DIR}/.getssl/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}.ec.crt" ]
}
@test "Check renewal test works for dual certificates using HTTP-01" {
if [ -n "$STAGING" ]; then
skip "Using staging server, skipping internal test"
fi
check_nginx
run ${CODE_DIR}/getssl -U -d $GETSSL_HOST
if [ "$OLD_NGINX" = "false" ]; then
assert_line --partial "certificate on server is same as the local cert"
else
assert_line --partial "certificate is valid for more than 30 days"
fi
assert_success
}
@test "Force renewal of dual certificates using HTTP-01" {
if [ -n "$STAGING" ]; then
skip "Using staging server, skipping internal test"
fi
run ${CODE_DIR}/getssl -U -f $GETSSL_HOST
assert_success
check_output_for_errors
}
@test "Create dual certificates using DNS-01 verification" {
if [ -n "$STAGING" ]; then
skip "Using staging server, skipping internal test"
fi
check_nginx
if [ "$OLD_NGINX" = "false" ]; then
CONFIG_FILE="getssl-dns01-dual-rsa-ecdsa.cfg"
else
CONFIG_FILE="getssl-dns01-dual-rsa-ecdsa-old-nginx.cfg"
fi
setup_environment
init_getssl
create_certificate
assert_success
check_output_for_errors
check_certificates
assert [ -e "${INSTALL_DIR}/.getssl/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}/chain.ec.crt" ]
assert [ -e "${INSTALL_DIR}/.getssl/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}/fullchain.ec.crt" ]
assert [ -e "${INSTALL_DIR}/.getssl/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}/${GETSSL_CMD_HOST}.ec.crt" ]
}
@test "Force renewal of dual certificates using DNS-01" {
if [ -n "$STAGING" ]; then
skip "Using staging server, skipping internal test"
fi
run ${CODE_DIR}/getssl -U -f $GETSSL_HOST
assert_success
check_output_for_errors
cleanup_environment
}
``` |
The Lesser Evil () is a 2007 Spanish black comedy thriller film directed by Antonio Hernández which stars Carmen Maura, Roberto Álvarez, and Verónica Echegui.
Plot
Right-wing politician Eduardo is staying in his sister's mansion in Galicia with personal secretary Ruth and bodyguards. Upon his affair with red-hot Vanesa, Eduardo suspects he is about to become blackmailed by his lover, who claims to be pregnant.
Cast
Production
The film is a Voz Audiovisual production. It was fully shot in Pontemaceira, province of A Coruña.
Release
The film premiered at the 10th Málaga Film Festival on 10 March 2007. Distributed by Filmax, it was released theatrically in Spain on 14 March 2008.
Reception
of Fotogramas rated the film 4 out of 5 stars, citing a well-supported Álvarez as the best thing about the film.
Jonathan Holland of Variety deemed the film (and "engaging riff on the ruthlessness of power as embodied in an ambitious politician") to be a decent shot at satire.
Accolades
|-
| rowspan = "3" align = "center" | 2007 || rowspan = "3" | 10th Málaga Film Festival || Best Screenplay || Antonio Galeano, Antonio Hernández || || rowspan = "3" |
|-
| Best Supporting Actress || Verónica Echegui ||
|-
| Best Costume Design || Ruth Díaz ||
|-
| rowspan = "3" align = "center" | 2009 || rowspan = "3" | 7th Mestre Mateo Awards || Best Actress || Carmen Maura || || rowspan = "3" |
|-
| Best Editing || Jorge Coira ||
|-
| Best Sound || Carlos Mouriño ||
|}
See also
List of Spanish films of 2008
References
Spanish comedy thriller films
Spanish black comedy films
Films shot in Galicia (Spain)
Spanish political thriller films
Films set in Galicia (Spain)
2007 thriller films
2007 black comedy films
2000s Spanish-language films
2000s Spanish films |
Deer Lake is an unorganized territory in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,495 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the unorganized territory has a total area of 216.0 square miles (559.4 km2), of which 182.7 square miles (473.2 km2) is land and 33.3 square miles (86.2 km2), or 15.41%, is water. U.S. Highway 2, and State Highways 6 (MN 6) and 38 (MN 38) are in the surrounding area.
The unincorporated community of Suomi is located within Deer Lake Unorganized Territory.
The Jack attack also refers to a lake in the area. Nearby towns include Deer River, Cohasset, and Grand Rapids.
Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 3,286 people, 1,304 households, and 993 families living in the unorganized territory. The population density was . There were 2,154 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the unorganized territory was 98.05% White, 0.91% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.49%.
Of the 1,304 households 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 20.3% of households were one person and 7.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.87.
The age distribution was 23.3% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.
The median household income was $47,115 and the median family income was $53,520. Males had a median income of $38,393 versus $26,298 for females. The per capita income for the unorganized territory was $19,556. About 4.3% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.
In popular culture
Deer Lake is the setting for novels by author Tami Hoag.
Notable person
Sam Brown, organizer of Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, former Colorado State Treasurer
References
Populated places in Itasca County, Minnesota
Unorganized territories in Minnesota
es:Municipio de Deer Creek (condado de Otter Tail, Minnesota) |
The Miller Red Bare-Un was a single seat lightweight sporting monoplane built by Merle Miller in Georgia, USA.
Design and development
Construction began in June 1970 and was completed in May 1971, with the first flight in June of that year. The wings (of 75 sq. ft.) were constructed of Polyethylene terephthalate (dacron)-covered wood ribs and spars, with full span ailerons. The fuselage was of open (uncovered) 4130 steel tube construction. It had tricycle gear with the main gear steel leaf sprung. The engine was a Volkswagen air-cooled engine with a wooden tractor propeller mounted in line with the wing and above the pilot, similar to a Santos-Dumont Demoiselle.
The total construction cost was $600. Empty weight was and max weight was . Max speed was , with the take-off and landing speed . The wing and tail surfaces were shaped in German World War I style, as was the paint scheme.
The single prototype was the only example produced. Plans are not available for sale.
Specifications
References
1970s United States sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1971
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "path_to_url">
<html xmlns="path_to_url">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>MEGA 2.0</title>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.8.1.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.jscrollpane.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.mousewheel.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
function initMainScroll()
{
$('.main-scroll-block').jScrollPane({enableKeyboardNavigation:false,showArrows:true, arrowSize:5,animateScroll: true});
}
initMainScroll();
$(window).bind('resize', function ()
{
initMainScroll();
});
$('.login-register-input input').unbind('focus');
$('.login-register-input input').bind('focus',function(e)
{
$(this).parent().addClass('focused');
});
$('.login-register-input input').unbind('blur');
$('.login-register-input input').bind('blur',function(e)
{
$(this).parent().removeClass('focused');
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body id="bodyel" class="bottom-pages">
<div id="startholder" class="fmholder" style="display: block;">
<div class="widget-block hidden">
<div class="widget-circle percents-0">
<div class="widget-arrows">
<div class="widget-tooltip">
<div class="widget-icon uploading hidden"> <span class="widget-txt">Uploading</span> <span class="widget-speed-block ulspeed"> KB/s </span> </div>
<div class="widget-icon downloading hidden"> <span class="widget-txt">Downloading</span> <span class="widget-speed-block dlspeed"> KB/s </span> </div>
</div>
<div class="widget-arrow"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="main-scroll-block">
<div class="main-pad-block">
<div class="top-head"> <a class="logo"></a> <a class="top-menu-icon">Menu</a>
<a class="create-account-button hidden"> Create Account </a> <a class="top-login-button hidden"> Login </a>
<a class="fm-avatar" style="display: block;"><img alt="" src="blob:path_to_url"></a>
<div class="activity-status-block" style="display: none;">
<div class="activity-status online" style="display: none;"></div>
</div>
<div class="top-search-bl">
<div class="top-search-clear">
<div class="top-clear-button"></div>
<input type="text" value="Search" class="top-search-input">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Recover-page step2 !-->
<div class="main-mid-pad backup-recover">
<div class="main-left-block">
<h3 class="main-italic-header">Account recovery</h3>
<div class="register-st2-txt-block">
<p>
Your password is also your encryption key, so when you lose it you risk losing access to your data.</span>
</p>
<h5 class="main-italic-header">
<span class="red">Download to your computer</span>
</h5>
<!-- Add class "uploading" to show percents !-->
<div class="recover-upload-block">
<div class="restore-upload-percents">
100%
</div>
<div class="backup-file-info">
<!-- please hide 2 spans if its needed. Please add "success" or "fail" classnames according uploading status. !-->
<span class="restore-uploading-status-icon success"> </span>
<span class="tranfer-filetype-txt">README.txt</span>
</div>
<div class="backup-download-button">
Upload
</div>
</div>
<!-- Please add "fail" class to add fail icon !-->
<div class="login-register-input">
<div class="backup-input-button">Verify</div>
<input type="text" name="key-input2" id="key-input2" value="Your Key">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Remove "hidden" class if upload is succes !-->
<div class="main-right-block recover-block">
<h3 class="main-italic-header"><span class="green">Congratulations!</span></h3>
<div class="register-st2-txt-block">
<p>
You were able to regain access to your account. Please choose a new password below:
</p>
<div class="login-register-input password first">
<div class="top-login-input-tooltip">
<div class="top-login-tooltip-arrow">
<div class="top-loginp-tooltip-txt password">
Invalid password.
<div class="white-txt password">Please strengthen your password.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="password-status-icon">
<div class="password-status-warning hidden">
</div>
</div>
<div class="register-loading-icon"><img alt="" src="path_to_url"></div>
<input type="text" name="login-password" id="register-password" value="Password">
</div>
<div class="new-registration good2">
<div class="register-pass-status-line1"></div>
<div class="register-pass-status-line2"></div>
<div class="register-pass-status-line3"></div>
<div class="register-pass-status-line4"></div>
<div class="register-pass-status-line5"></div>
<div class="password-stutus-txt hidden">
<div class="new-reg-status-pad">
<strong>Strength:</strong>
Password status
</div>
<div class="new-reg-status-description">
Your password is easily guessed. Try making your password longer. Combine uppercase & lowercase letters. Add special characters. Do not use names or dictionary words.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="login-register-input password confirm">
<div class="top-login-input-tooltip">
<div class="top-login-tooltip-arrow">
<div class="top-loginp-tooltip-txt">
Passwords do not match.
<div class="white-txt">Please try again</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<input type="text" name="login-password2" id="register-password2" value="Retype Password">
</div>
<div class="restore-verify-button active">
Validate password
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Remove "hidden" class if user clicked "No" !-->
<div class="main-right-block recover-block hidden">
<h3 class="main-italic-header"><span class="red">Oops.</span></h3>
<div class="register-st2-txt-block">
<p>
Something went wrong. Either this key is not associated with your account, or is a wrong file.
</p>
<p>
The file where your key is stored should be in plain text format, with the name Document_name.txt.
</p>
<p>
If you're sure that you uploaded the correct file, please <a href="">contact support</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
<!-- end !-->
<div class="nw-bottom-block en">
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The Functional Skills Qualification is a frequently required component of post-16 education in England. The aim of Functional Skills is to encourage learners to develop and demonstrate their skills as well as learn how to select and apply skills in ways that are appropriate to their particular context in English, mathematics, ICT and digital skills. They provide a foundation for progression into employment or further technical education and develop skills for everyday life. Functional Skills are generally available in sixth form colleges, further education colleges, and tertiary colleges.
Functional Skills qualifications provide reliable evidence of a student’s achievements against demanding content that is relevant to the workplace. They need to provide assessment of students’ underpinning knowledge as well as their ability to apply this in different contexts.
Subjects
English Entry Level
Functional Skills English qualifications at these levels indicate that students should be able to speak, listen, communicate, read and write with increasing clarity, accuracy and effectiveness at each level. They should be able to listen, understand and respond to verbal communication in a range of familiar contexts; acquire an understanding of everyday words and their uses and effects, and apply this understanding in different contexts; read with accuracy straightforward texts encountered in everyday life and work, and develop confidence to read more widely; and write straightforward texts and documents with clarity and effectiveness, and demonstrate a sound grasp of spelling, punctuation and grammar.
English Level 1 and 2
Functional Skills English qualifications at these levels indicate that students should be able to speak, listen, communicate, read and write clearly, accurately, confidently and with effectiveness. They should be able to listen, understand and make relevant contributions to discussions with others in a range of contexts; apply their understanding of language to adapt delivery and content to suit audience and purpose; read a range of different text types confidently and fluently, applying their knowledge and understanding of texts to their own writing; write texts of varying complexity, with accuracy, effectiveness, and correct spelling, punctuation and grammar; and understand the situations when, and audiences for which, planning, drafting and using formal language are important, and when they are less important.
Mathematics Entry Level
Functional Skills Mathematics specifications should enable the student to gain confidence and fluency in and a positive attitude towards, and to develop behaviours such as persistence and logical thinking as they apply mathematical tools and approaches. Functional Skills mathematics qualifications at these levels should enable students to become confident in their use of fundamental mathematical knowledge and skills; indicate that students can demonstrate their understanding by applying their knowledge and skills to solve simple mathematical problems or carry out simple tasks.
Mathematics Level 1 and 2
Achievement of the qualification demonstrates a sound grasp of mathematical skills at the appropriate level and the ability to apply mathematical thinking effectively to solve problems successfully in the workplace and in other real life situations. Functional Skills mathematics qualifications at these levels should indicate that students can demonstrate their ability in mathematical skills and their ability to apply these, through appropriate reasoning and decision making, to solve realistic problems of increasing complexity; introduce students to new areas of life and work so that they are exposed to concepts and problems which may be of value in later life; and enable students to develop an appreciation of the role played by mathematics in the world of work and in life.
Digital Skills Entry Level
Digital FSQs enable students to gain confidence and fluency in their use of digital knowledge and skills, and develop a positive attitude towards the use of digital skills; enable students to develop an appreciation of the importance of digital skills in the workplace and in life. At this level, digital FSQs should: enable students to increase their confidence and fluency in their use of digital knowledge and skills, and develop a positive attitude towards the use of digital skills; enable students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills by applying these to complete tasks and activities; introduce students to areas of life and work which may be new or unfamiliar, and tasks and activities that they may encounter in future; enable students to develop an appreciation of the importance of digital skills in the workplace and in life generally; and povide a basis for further study, work and life
Digital Skills Level 1 and Level 2
Digital FSQs enable students to initiate and participate in digital and online activities safely in the workplace and in other real-life contexts. At this level, digital FSQs should enable students to increase their confidence and fluency in their use of digital knowledge and skills, and develop a positive attitude towards the use of digital skills; enable students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills by applying these to complete tasks and activities; introduce students to areas of life and work which may be new or unfamiliar, and tasks and activities that they may encounter in future; enable students to develop an appreciation of the importance of digital skills in the workplace and in life; provide a basis for further study, work and life.
Digital FSQs will provide reliable evidence of a student’s achievements against content that is relevant to the workplace and real life; provide assessment of a student’s knowledge and skills as well as their ability to apply these in different contexts; and provide a foundation for progression into employment or further education and develop skills for everyday life.
References
Educational qualifications in England |
"Game On" is a song by Welsh alternative rock band Catatonia, released as the fifth and final single from their second studio album, International Velvet (1998), in October 1998. It was written by band members Cerys Matthews and Mark Roberts and produced by TommyD and the band. Commercially, the song charted on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 33.
Recording and release
"Game On" was the fifth single release from Catatonia's second studio album, International Velvet. Earlier releases from the album had included "Mulder and Scully", which became the break-out song for the band, and "Road Rage" which was nominated for best song at the Brit Awards, the Ivor Novello Awards, and won at the Q Awards.
"Game On" was released in the UK on 26 October 1998, where it peaked at number 33 on the UK Singles Chart. As with the majority of the songs from International Velvet, it had been produced by TommyD. The record company was unhappy with the performance of the single, but they looked ahead to sales of tickets for several large shows coming up for Catatonia as well as the third studio album.
Composition
The line "I know I could never fall from grace, I'm far too clever" first appeared in the song "Sugar Loaf Mountain", which was written by Cerys Matthews and Mark Roberts, and featured both of them singing. It was recorded on their original demos, alongside "Whale" and "Sweet Catatonia". Matthews and Roberts also wrote "Game On"; at the time the duo were in a relationship at the time which was troubled. Matthews later explained that the entire International Velvet had worked because of the difficulties that she and Roberts were experiencing.
Critical reception
In a roundup of the album releases in 1998 for The People newspaper, "Game On", "Don't Need the Sunshine" and "Strange Glue" were called "fantastic examples of how mainstream music does not have to be about bare chests and short skirts". However, not all reviews were positive. When Catatonia Greatest Hits was released in 2002, "Game On" was described as "filler" in a review on BBC Wales.
Live performances
Catatonia continued to perform "Game On" live following the release of their third album, Equally Cursed and Blessed. The song was introduced in the Welsh language during a small scale concert in Llangollen, North Wales.
Track listings
CD single
"Game On" – 2:52
"Mulder and Scully" (live in Newport) – 3:34
"Strange Glue" (live acoustic version) – 3:20
7-inch and cassette single
"Game On" – 2:52
"Strange Glue" (live acoustic version) – 3:20
Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the UK CD single liner notes.
Studio
Recorded at Rockfield Studios (Rockfield, Wales)
Personnel
Catatonia – writing, production
Cerys Matthews – writing
Mark Roberts – writing
TommyD – production, mixing
Roland Herrington – mixing
Paul Read – engineering
Joe Gibb – engineering
FTP – digital imaging
Steve Gullick – band photography
Charts
References
1998 singles
1998 songs
Blanco y Negro Records singles
Catatonia (band) songs
Songs written by Cerys Matthews
Songs written by Mark Roberts (singer) |
Toni Lanier Mannix (born Camille Bernice Froomess; February 19, 1906 – September 2, 1983) was an American actress and dancer in early motion pictures filmed with soundtracks, known as "talkies". Going by the name Toni Lanier, she became known in Hollywood circles for her extramarital relationship with future husband MGM studio head Eddie Mannix, who was married at the time to Bernice Fitzmaurice. Following Fitzmaurice's death in 1937, Lanier moved in with Mannix. The couple married in 1951. It was not long after her marriage to Mannix that she began a notorious affair with actor George Reeves, also in 1951.
Early life
Mannix was born Camille Bernice Froomess on February 19, 1906 in New York City. Her father, Charles, was a French immigrant, and her mother, Elizabeth, was a French Canadian Roman Catholic. The large family would ultimately include 11 children: seven boys and four girls. The children were raised in their mother's faith. Mannix's father was a department store window decorator in Rochester, New York, and her mother was a homemaker.
Career
For a time, Mannix was a Ziegfeld Follies showgirl and appeared in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer biography of Florenz Ziegfeld's life, The Great Ziegfeld (1936).
Personal life
As Toni Lanier, the Ziegfeld dancer and actress met MGM's general manager Eddie Mannix in the 1930s. She later lived with him as his mistress, and then as his wife, until his death in 1963. Shortly after her marriage to Mannix in 1951 and shortly before the launch of George Reeves to stardom in the successful television series Adventures of Superman, Mannix met and began an extramarital affair with Reeves, with the permission of her husband, according to Reeves' co-stars Noel Neill and Jack Larson.
Reeves ended the affair in 1958 after meeting and starting a relationship with "B-girl" Leonore Lemmon in New York while he was travelling on business. His death by gunshot wound to the head five months later was officially ruled a suicide, although questions have been raised about the circumstances under which he died. Mannix was devastated by Reeves' death and remained dedicated to him, reportedly building a shrine to him in her house.
Later years and death
Mannix, wealthy following the death of her husband in 1963, developed Alzheimer's disease when she was in her seventies. She died in 1983 in Beverly Hills at the age of 77, having neither remarried nor having had children. She is interred next to husband Eddie Mannix at Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. Her crypt niche's memorial marker reads: "Camille Toni Mannix, 1906-1983, God Bless".
In popular culture
Kashner and Schoenberger's George Reeves biography Hollywood Kryptonite states as an unsourced fact that Toni Mannix, using her husband's connections to organized crime, hired a hitman to murder George Reeves and stage it to look like a suicide.
In the 2006 film Hollywoodland, Toni Mannix was portrayed by Academy Award-nominated actress Diane Lane, opposite Bob Hoskins as Eddie Mannix and Ben Affleck as George Reeves. Although the film offers a contract killing ordered by the Mannixes as one of several possible solutions to the mystery of Reeves' death, Hollywoodland ends without choosing any one theory as fact.
Alison Pill played the wife of Eddie Mannix in the Coen brothers' 2016 comedy film, Hail, Caesar!. But Pill's character is fictional and not really Toni Mannix.
See also
References
External links
1906 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American actresses
American female dancers
American film actresses
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in California
Actresses from Greater Los Angeles
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
Actresses from New York (state)
American people of French-Canadian descent
American people of French-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
20th-century American dancers
Ziegfeld girls |
Montjoie may refer to:
Places
France
Montjoie-le-Château, a commune in Doubs
Montjoie-Saint-Martin, a commune in Manche
Montjoie-en-Couserans, a commune in Ariège
Saint-Michel-de-Montjoie, a commune in Manche
Les Contamines-Montjoie, a commune in Haute-Savoie
Germany
Montjoie, alternate name for Monschau (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Palestine
Montjoie, the mountain close to modern Nabi Samwil from which the Crusaders first could see Jerusalem
Other
Order of Montjoie, a military order during the Crusades.
Montjoie, a French battle standard known as an oriflamme.
Montjoie Saint Denis!, the motto of the Kingdom of France
Montjoie!, a historical French cultural magazine edited by Ricciotto Canudo et al.
See also
Montjoi (disambiguation)
Mountjoy (disambiguation)
Monte do Gozo
br:Montjoie
fr:Montjoi |
```shell
Using tags for version control
How to set your username and email
Remote repositories: viewing, editing and deleting
Remote repositories: fetching and pushing
Dates in git
``` |
Washington County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,388. The county seat is Chatom. The county was named in honor of George Washington, the first President of the United States. It is a dry county, with the exception of Chatom. In September 2018 The United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) added Washington County to the Mobile, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also part of the larger Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope, AL Combined Statistical Area.
The MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians is the first state-recognized tribe in Alabama. It is based in Washington County, with some members also in Mobile County, Alabama. A total of nine tribes have received state recognition since 1979.
History
The area of today's Washington County was long inhabited by various indigenous people. In historic times, European traders encountered first Choctaw, whose territory extended through most of present-day Mississippi, and later Creek Indians, who had moved southwest from Georgia ahead of early European settlers who were encroaching on their land.
Washington County was organized on June 4, 1800, from the Tombigbee District of the Mississippi Territory by proclamation of territorial governor Winthrop Sargent. It was the first county organized in what would later become Alabama, as settlers moved westward after the American Revolutionary War. Washington County is the site of St. Stephens, the first territorial capital of Alabama. In 1807 former U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr was arrested at Wakefield in Washington County, during his flight from being prosecuted for alleged treason (which he was eventually found innocent of).
In the 1830s, the U.S. government removed most of the Choctaw and Creek to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River. Some members of these tribes stayed behind on their traditional lands in southwest Alabama, taking refuge in the forests and swamps. They were nominally considered state (and U.S.) citizens, but suffered severe racial discrimination.
In the 19th century, the county was largely developed for cotton plantations, with labor supplied by thousands of enslaved African Americans. Many had been transported by slave traders to the Deep South in a forced migration in the early part of the century, as the land was being developed.
During the American Civil War, more than three quarters of the adult white men in the county were serving in the Confederate Army by 1863. In that year, a group of children petitioned the Confederate government to avoid drafting more white men, so they might serve as a home guard militia. The petition claimed the militia was needed to guard against a potential slave uprising, since there were numerous cotton plantations with large numbers of enslaved African Americans. No such uprising occurred.
While the county continued to rely on agriculture into the 20th century, the infestation of the boll weevil destroyed many cotton crops. Mechanization and industrial-scale agriculture reduced the need for labor. Thousands of African Americans left the South in the Great Migration to Northern and Midwestern industrial cities, where they could get better jobs and escape the legal segregation and violence of the South. In the early 20th century industrialists began to harvest and process the pine and other timber in this area of the state.
The Choctaw and Creek Native Americans struggled to maintain their traditional culture, in the face of years during which the state government imposed a binary system of dividing people into white and "all other" people of color (blacks and Indians). Records no longer recognized their identifying as Choctaw, particularly in the period of Jim Crow after the Reconstruction era.
It was not until the 1930s that the Choctaw were able to get Indian schools to support their culture in Mobile and Washington counties, where their people have been concentrated. For a time they were called Cajun, but have no connection to such descendants of Acadians, based largely in Louisiana. The people pressed to gain recognition for their own ethnicity. In 1979 the Alabama legislature officially recognized the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians. In 1984 it passed legislation to establish a commission to represent Native American interests in the state; through that, a total of nine tribes have received state recognition.
While the timber industry continued to be important to the economy, the county has gradually developed other businesses and industries, particularly petrochemical. Due to damage from Hurricane Frederic in 1979, the county was declared a disaster area that September.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.8%) is water. This makes Washington County larger than the state of Rhode Island in terms of land area (but not total area). The county is located approximately 60 miles north of the Gulf of Mexico, and exceeds 682,000 acres of land. About 88 percent of the land area is covered by forest and pine plantations.
The Tombigbee River borders Washington County to the east. From the southern point of the river, the boundary runs diagonally south-west, bisecting the community of Calvert. From there, the southern boundary runs west, roughly following the 31°08' N parallel, toward the Mississippi state line, descending due south into Mobile County and forming part of a rectangle that connects with the state line. The western boundary is defined by the Alabama-Mississippi state line (approximately 88°27' W). The northern boundary runs west from the state line along the 31°41' N parallel until reaching the Tombigbee River.
Adjacent counties
Choctaw County (north)
Clarke County (east)
Baldwin County (southeast)
Mobile County (south)
Greene County, Mississippi (southwest)
Wayne County, Mississippi (northwest)
Transportation
Major highways
U.S. Highway 43
U.S. Highway 45
State Route 17
State Route 56
Railroad
The Norfolk Southern Railroad runs north out of the Port of Mobile and along the eastern corridor of Washington County, providing transport of raw materials to several chemical and electrical plants situated along the Tombigbee River.
Demographics
2020 Census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 15,388 people, 5,990 households, and 4,208 families residing in the county.
2010
According to the 2010 United States census, the racial makeup of the county is as follows:
65.5% White(non-Hispanic)
24.9% Black
8.0% Native American
0.1% Asian
0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
1.2% Two or more races
0.9% Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,097 people, 6,705 households, and 5,042 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 8,123 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 64.98% White(non-Hispanic), 26.89% Black or African American, 7.12% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.05% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. 1.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 6,705 households, out of which 37.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.10% were married couples living together, 12.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.80% were non-families. 22.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.70% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,815, and the median income for a family was $37,881. Males had a median income of $35,237 versus $18,337 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,081. About 14.80% of families and 18.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.50% of those under age 18 and 22.70% of those age 65 or over.
Population decline
Like many rural Alabama counties, Washington County has had rural flight since 2000, as younger people have moved to cities for work opportunities. Factors contributing to this phenomenon include depressed economic opportunity within the county and the ongoing urbanization of the United States. Urbanization, especially urban areas adjacent to a rural area, draws young people out of rural areas, offering more and better public services as well as access to better-paying, white-collar jobs.
Education
The Washington County School system operates public schools in the county. Its high schools include:
Fruitdale High School
Leroy High School
McIntosh High School
Millry High School
Washington County High School
Politics
Like much of the Deep South, prior to the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, only white Washington County voters enjoyed the franchise, and they had long supported the Democratic Party in national, state and local elections. Most blacks had been disenfranchised since the turn of the century, as were many poor whites.
After Congress passed civil rights legislation under the leadership of President Lyndon Johnson, in addition to legislation to support his Great Society policies, the county's conservative white electorate began to support Republican candidates in presidential elections. With revival of their constitutional rights in voting, African Americans tended to align with the national Democratic Party.
Following the presidency of Ronald Reagan and the rise of the Moral Majority of the 1980s, conservative white Washington County voters have increasingly elected Republicans in national elections, and they have essentially realigned with that party. Bill Clinton, a nominee from Arkansas, was the last Democratic presidential nominee to win Washington County, doing so in his successful 1996 reelection campaign. By contrast, the minority of African American and Native American voters continue to support Democratic candidates.
While Democrats, until 2015, continued to represent the county in both houses of the state legislature, voters have not supported a Democratic candidate for governor since 2002. That year the state's last Democratic governor, Don Siegelman, lost reelection to Republican Bob Riley.
As of 2021, Brett Easterbrook (R-Fruitdale) has represented Washington County in the Alabama House of Representatives (District 65) since 2018. Greg Albritton (R-Excel) has represented Senate District 22, the bulk of the county (along with parts of seven other counties, stretching into south Baldwin County and as far north as Choctaw County, and from the Mississippi border on the west to as far east as the Escambia-Covington County border and Conecuh-Butler county border) in the Alabama Senate since 2015. An eastern sliver of the county along the Tombigbee falls in District 23, represented by Hank Sanders.
The county lies within Alabama's 1st congressional district, which has been represented by Republican Jerry Carl since January 2021.
Communities
Towns
Chatom (county seat)
McIntosh
Millry
Census-designated places
Calvert (partly in Mobile County)
Cullomburg (partly in Choctaw County)
Deer Park
Fairford
Fruitdale
Hobson
Leroy
Malcolm
St. Stephens
Sims Chapel
Tibbie
Vinegar Bend
Unincorporated communities
Cortelyou
Escatawpa
Frankville
Laton Hill
Sunflower
Wagarville
Yellow Pine
Yarbo
Ghost town
Wakefield
Places of interest
Washington County has three sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
Andrews Chapel in McIntosh
Old Washington County Courthouse
Old St. Stephens Site in St. Stephens.
The Washington County Museum is located in the courthouse in Chatom.
Notable people
Wilmer Mizell (1930–1999) was born in Vinegar Bend. He was a left-handed pitcher in major league baseball. After his sports career, he was elected to three terms as a Republican congressman. He represented North Carolina's 5th congressional district from 1969 to 1975, after white conservatives began electing Republican candidates.
Beverly Jo Scott, singer-songwriter who lives and works in Belgium, was born in Deer Park in 1959.
Shawna Thompson, a singer and part of the country music duo Thompson Square, is from Chatom.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Alabama
Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Washington County, Alabama
References
External links
Washington County map of roads/towns (map © 2007 Univ. of Alabama).
South Alabama Community Website
Washington County Sheriff's Office
1800 establishments in Mississippi Territory
Populated places established in 1800 |
KDRS-FM (107.1 MHz, "Jack FM") is a radio station broadcasting an adult hits format. Licensed to Paragould, Arkansas, United States, it serves the Jonesboro area. The station is currently owned by Mor Media, Inc.
External links
DRS-FM
Jack FM stations
Adult hits radio stations in the United States |
M98 or M-98 may refer to:
M98 (New York City bus), a New York City Bus route in Manhattan
Barrett M98, a Bolt-action sniper rifle
Gewehr 98, a German bolt-action rifle
Messier 98, an intermediate spiral galaxy about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices
M-98 (Michigan highway), a former state highway in Michigan
nl:M98 |
John Quentin Hejduk (July 19, 1929 – July 3, 2000) was an American architect, artist and educator of Czech origin who spent much of his life in New York City. Hejduk is noted for having had a profound interest in the fundamental issues of shape, organization, representation, and reciprocity.
Hejduk studied at the Cooper Union School of Art and Architecture, the University of Cincinnati, and the Harvard Graduate School of Design. He worked in several offices in New York including that of I. M. Pei and Partners and the office of A.M. Kinney and Associates. He established his own practice in New York City in 1965.
Career
As a professor
Hejduk was Professor of Architecture at The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, School of Architecture from 1964 to 2000 and Dean of the School of Architecture from 1975 to 2000. His arrival including the cooperation of many other influential professors (including Raimund Abraham, Ricardo Scofidio, Peter Eisenman, Charles Gwathmey, Diana Agrest, Diane Lewis, Elizabeth Diller, David Shapiro, Don Wall and many others) transformed the practice and critical thought of architecture in ways that might be compared to Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's transformation of the Armour Institute into the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Approach
His early work and curriculum grew from a set of exercises exploring cubes, grids, and frames, through an examination of square grids placed within diagonal containers set against an occasional curving wall, towards a series of experiments with flat planes and curved masses in various combinations and colors. To aid his research he was awarded a grant from the Graham Foundation in 1967. Eventually, John Hejduk's "hard-line" modernist space-making exercises, heavily influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, moved away from his interests in favor of free-hand "figure/objects" influenced by mythology and spirituality, clearly expressing the nature of his poetry. The relationship between Hejduk's shape/objects and their surroundings is a controversial subject, raising questions similar to those raised by the early houses of Peter Eisenman.
The architectural historian K. Michael Hays has described Hejduk's architecture as one of "Encounter", describing Hejduk's objects as seeming "impossibly, to be aware of us, to address us. And yet we see not the gratifying reflection of ourselves we had hoped for but another thing, looking back at us, watching us, placing us", articulating Hejduk's work from a post-modern Lacanian perspective as more "literary" than that of his peers.
Legacy
Hejduk is associated with several schools, including the New York Five (with architects Peter Eisenman, Richard Meier, Michael Graves, and Charles Gwathmey) whose early works are described in Five Architects (1973), and the Texas Rangers, a group of innovative architects and professors at the University of Texas School of Architecture, Austin, whose other well-known participants include Colin Rowe and Werner Seligmann.
Contemporary theorists, researchers, and academics publishing work and research by and about John Hejduk include K. Michael Hays, Mark Linder, R.E. Somol, Anthony Vidler, Renata Hejduk, and Catherine Ingraham
A large portion of his work is archived at the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Montreal, Canada.
Important buildings
House For a Musician (1983)
House of the Suicide and House of the Mother of the Suicide (Prague, monument installed 2016)
Kreuzberg Tower and Wings (Berlin, Allemagne, 1988)
Tegel Housing (Berlin, 1988)
House of the Quadruplets / House for two Brothers (Berlin, Tegel, 1988)
Gate House (Berlin, 1991) for the IBA 87
La Máscara de la Medusa (Buenos Aires, 1998)
Wall House II (Groningen, 2001)
The Rolling House
In 2019, students of the Faculty of Architecture of the Czech Technical University in Prague led by Hana Seho built the object The Rolling House according to drawings by John Hejduk. The project was created in the studio during the Summer School of Building on the topic of minimal mobile building. The realization took place in October and November 2019. The building was unveiled on November 11, 2019, as a celebration of the 30th anniversary of the Velvet Revolution and as a gift to Alena Šrámková for her 90th birthday.
Conceptual works
Diamond Houses (1962)
Identity Card Man (Victim Series, 1986)
Cemetery for the Ashes of Thought (1975)
Berlin Masque (1981)
Cathedral (1996)
Chapel, Wedding of the Sun and Moon (1998)
Bibliography
Lines: No Fire Could Burn (1999)
Education of an Architect a Point of View (1988, 1999)
Pewter Wings Golden Horns Stone Veils: Wedding in a Dark Plum Room (1997)
Adjusting Foundations (1995)
Architectures in Love (1995)
Security (1995)
Berlin Night (1993)
Soundings (1993)
Aesop's Fables with Joseph Jacobs. Illustrations by John Hejduk. (1991)
Práce (Practice) (1991)
The Riga Project (1989)
Vladivostok (1989)
Bovisa (1987)
Victims (1986)
Mask of Medusa (1985)
Fabrications (1974)
Three Projects (1969)
References
External links
Georgia Tech Sculptures to Appear in Hejduk Retrospective at Whitney Museum
Finding aid for the John Hejduk fonds, Canadian Centre for Architecture (digitized items)
Wohnhaus „Tor- und Uhrenhaus
Find and Tell: Michael Meredith on the John Hejduk fonds, Canadian Centre for Architecture
1929 births
2000 deaths
20th-century American architects
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American architecture writers
American male non-fiction writers
Architects from New York City
Architecture educators
Cooper Union alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
University of Cincinnati alumni |
```chuck
/*++
version 3. Alternative licensing terms are available. Contact
info@minocacorp.com for details. See the LICENSE file at the root of this
project for complete licensing information.
Module Name:
Broadcom 2709 PWM Audio
Abstract:
This module implements Broadcom 2709 PWM Audio support.
Author:
Chris Stevens 2-May-2017
Environment:
Kernel
--*/
from menv import driver;
function build() {
var drv;
var dynlibs;
var entries;
var name = "bc27pwma";
var sources;
sources = [
"pwma.c",
];
dynlibs = [
"drivers/sound/core:sound"
];
drv = {
"label": name,
"inputs": sources + dynlibs,
};
entries = driver(drv);
return entries;
}
``` |
```objective-c
// [AsmJit]
// Complete JIT Assembler for C++ Language.
//
// Zlib - See COPYING file in this package.
// [Guard]
#ifndef _ASMJIT_CORE_ASSEMBLER_H
#define _ASMJIT_CORE_ASSEMBLER_H
// [Dependencies - AsmJit]
#include "../core/buffer.h"
#include "../core/context.h"
#include "../core/defs.h"
#include "../core/logger.h"
#include "../core/podvector.h"
#include "../core/zonememory.h"
// [Api-Begin]
#include "../core/apibegin.h"
namespace AsmJit {
//! @addtogroup AsmJit_Core
//! @{
// ============================================================================
// [AsmJit::Assembler]
// ============================================================================
//! @brief Base class for @ref Assembler.
//!
//! This class implements core setialization API only. The platform specific
//! methods and intrinsics is implemented by derived classes.
//!
//! @sa @c Assembler.
struct Assembler
{
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Construction / Destruction]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Creates Assembler instance.
ASMJIT_API Assembler(Context* context);
//! @brief Destroys Assembler instance
ASMJIT_API virtual ~Assembler();
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [LabelLink]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Data structure used to link linked-labels.
struct LabelLink
{
//! @brief Previous link.
LabelLink* prev;
//! @brief Offset.
sysint_t offset;
//! @brief Inlined displacement.
sysint_t displacement;
//! @brief RelocId if link must be absolute when relocated.
sysint_t relocId;
};
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [LabelData]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Label data.
struct LabelData
{
//! @brief Label offset.
sysint_t offset;
//! @brief Label links chain.
LabelLink* links;
};
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [RelocData]
// your_sha256_hash----------
// X86 architecture uses 32-bit absolute addressing model by memory operands,
// but 64-bit mode uses relative addressing model (RIP + displacement). In
// code we are always using relative addressing model for referencing labels
// and embedded data. In 32-bit mode we must patch all references to absolute
// address before we can call generated function. We are patching only memory
// operands.
//! @brief Code relocation data (relative vs absolute addresses).
struct RelocData
{
//! @brief Type of relocation.
uint32_t type;
//! @brief Size of relocation (4 or 8 bytes).
uint32_t size;
//! @brief Offset from code begin address.
sysint_t offset;
//! @brief Relative displacement or absolute address.
union
{
//! @brief Relative displacement from code begin address (not to @c offset).
sysint_t destination;
//! @brief Absolute address where to jump;
void* address;
};
};
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Context]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get code generator.
inline Context* getContext() const
{ return _context; }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Memory Management]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get zone memory manager.
inline ZoneMemory* getZoneMemory() const
{ return const_cast<ZoneMemory*>(&_zoneMemory); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Logging]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get logger.
inline Logger* getLogger() const
{ return _logger; }
//! @brief Set logger to @a logger.
ASMJIT_API virtual void setLogger(Logger* logger);
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Error Handling]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get error code.
inline uint32_t getError() const
{ return _error; }
//! @brief Set error code.
//!
//! This method is virtual, because higher classes can use it to catch all
//! errors.
ASMJIT_API virtual void setError(uint32_t error);
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Properties]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get assembler property.
ASMJIT_API virtual uint32_t getProperty(uint32_t propertyId) const;
//! @brief Set assembler property.
ASMJIT_API virtual void setProperty(uint32_t propertyId, uint32_t value);
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Capacity]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get capacity of internal code buffer.
inline size_t getCapacity() const
{ return _buffer.getCapacity(); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Offset]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Return current offset in buffer.
inline size_t getOffset() const
{ return _buffer.getOffset(); }
//! @brief Set offset to @a o and returns previous offset.
//!
//! This method can be used to truncate code (previous offset is not
//! recorded) or to overwrite instruction stream at position @a o.
//!
//! @return Previous offset value that can be uset to set offset back later.
inline size_t toOffset(size_t o)
{ return _buffer.toOffset(o); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [GetCode / GetCodeSize]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Return start of assembler code buffer.
//!
//! Note that buffer address can change if you emit instruction or something
//! else. Use this pointer only when you finished or make sure you do not
//! use returned pointer after emitting.
inline uint8_t* getCode() const
{ return _buffer.getData(); }
//! @brief Return current offset in buffer (same as <code>getOffset() + getTramplineSize()</code>).
inline size_t getCodeSize() const
{ return _buffer.getOffset() + getTrampolineSize(); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [TakeCode]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Take internal code buffer and NULL all pointers (you take the ownership).
ASMJIT_API uint8_t* takeCode();
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Clear / Reset]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Clear everything, but not deallocate buffers.
ASMJIT_API void clear();
//! @brief Reset everything (means also to free all buffers).
ASMJIT_API void reset();
//! @brief Called by clear() and reset() to clear all data related to derived
//! class implementation.
ASMJIT_API virtual void _purge();
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [EnsureSpace]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Ensure space for next instruction.
//!
//! Note that this method can return false. It's rare and probably you never
//! get this, but in some situations it's still possible.
inline bool ensureSpace()
{ return _buffer.ensureSpace(); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [GetTrampolineSize]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get size of all possible trampolines needed to successfuly generate
//! relative jumps to absolute addresses. This value is only non-zero if jmp
//! of call instructions were used with immediate operand (this means jump or
//! call absolute address directly).
//!
//! Currently only _emitJmpOrCallReloc() method can increase trampoline size
//! value.
inline size_t getTrampolineSize() const
{ return _trampolineSize; }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Buffer - Getters]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get byte at position @a pos.
inline uint8_t getByteAt(size_t pos) const
{ return _buffer.getByteAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get word at position @a pos.
inline uint16_t getWordAt(size_t pos) const
{ return _buffer.getWordAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get dword at position @a pos.
inline uint32_t getDWordAt(size_t pos) const
{ return _buffer.getDWordAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get qword at position @a pos.
inline uint64_t getQWordAt(size_t pos) const
{ return _buffer.getQWordAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get int32_t at position @a pos.
inline int32_t getInt32At(size_t pos) const
{ return (int32_t)_buffer.getDWordAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get int64_t at position @a pos.
inline int64_t getInt64At(size_t pos) const
{ return (int64_t)_buffer.getQWordAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get intptr_t at position @a pos.
inline intptr_t getIntPtrTAt(size_t pos) const
{ return _buffer.getIntPtrTAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get uintptr_t at position @a pos.
inline uintptr_t getUIntPtrTAt(size_t pos) const
{ return _buffer.getUIntPtrTAt(pos); }
//! @brief Get uintptr_t at position @a pos.
inline size_t getSizeTAt(size_t pos) const
{ return _buffer.getSizeTAt(pos); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Buffer - Setters]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Set byte at position @a pos.
inline void setByteAt(size_t pos, uint8_t x)
{ _buffer.setByteAt(pos, x); }
//! @brief Set word at position @a pos.
inline void setWordAt(size_t pos, uint16_t x)
{ _buffer.setWordAt(pos, x); }
//! @brief Set dword at position @a pos.
inline void setDWordAt(size_t pos, uint32_t x)
{ _buffer.setDWordAt(pos, x); }
//! @brief Set qword at position @a pos.
inline void setQWordAt(size_t pos, uint64_t x)
{ _buffer.setQWordAt(pos, x); }
//! @brief Set int32_t at position @a pos.
inline void setInt32At(size_t pos, int32_t x)
{ _buffer.setDWordAt(pos, (uint32_t)x); }
//! @brief Set int64_t at position @a pos.
inline void setInt64At(size_t pos, int64_t x)
{ _buffer.setQWordAt(pos, (uint64_t)x); }
//! @brief Set intptr_t at position @a pos.
inline void setIntPtrTAt(size_t pos, intptr_t x)
{ _buffer.setIntPtrTAt(pos, x); }
//! @brief Set uintptr_t at position @a pos.
inline void setUInt64At(size_t pos, uintptr_t x)
{ _buffer.setUIntPtrTAt(pos, x); }
//! @brief Set size_t at position @a pos.
inline void setSizeTAt(size_t pos, size_t x)
{ _buffer.setSizeTAt(pos, x); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [CanEmit]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Get whether the instruction can be emitted.
//!
//! This function behaves like @c ensureSpace(), but it also checks if
//! assembler is in error state and in that case it returns @c false.
//! Assembler internally always uses this function before new instruction is
//! emitted.
//!
//! It's implemented like:
//! <code>return ensureSpace() && !getError();</code>
inline bool canEmit()
{
// If there is an error, we can't emit another instruction until last error
// is cleared by calling @c setError(kErrorOk). If something caused the
// error while generating code it's probably fatal in all cases. You can't
// use generated code anymore, because you are not sure about the status.
if (_error)
return false;
// The ensureSpace() method returns true on success and false on failure. We
// are catching return value and setting error code here.
if (ensureSpace())
return true;
// If we are here, there is memory allocation error. Note that this is HEAP
// allocation error, virtual allocation error can be caused only by
// AsmJit::VirtualMemory class!
setError(kErrorNoHeapMemory);
return false;
}
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Emit]
//
// These functions are not protected against buffer overrun. Each place of
// code which calls these functions ensures that there is some space using
// canEmit() method. Emitters are internally protected in AsmJit::Buffer,
// but only in debug builds.
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Emit Byte to internal buffer.
inline void _emitByte(uint8_t x)
{ _buffer.emitByte(x); }
//! @brief Emit word (2 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitWord(uint16_t x)
{ _buffer.emitWord(x); }
//! @brief Emit dword (4 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitDWord(uint32_t x)
{ _buffer.emitDWord(x); }
//! @brief Emit qword (8 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitQWord(uint64_t x)
{ _buffer.emitQWord(x); }
//! @brief Emit Int32 (4 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitInt32(int32_t x)
{ _buffer.emitDWord((uint32_t)x); }
//! @brief Emit Int64 (8 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitInt64(int64_t x)
{ _buffer.emitQWord((uint64_t)x); }
//! @brief Emit intptr_t (4 or 8 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitIntPtrT(intptr_t x)
{ _buffer.emitIntPtrT(x); }
//! @brief Emit uintptr_t (4 or 8 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitUIntPtrT(uintptr_t x)
{ _buffer.emitUIntPtrT(x); }
//! @brief Emit size_t (4 or 8 bytes) to internal buffer.
inline void _emitSizeT(size_t x)
{ _buffer.emitSizeT(x); }
//! @brief Embed data into instruction stream.
ASMJIT_API void embed(const void* data, size_t len);
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Reloc]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Relocate code to a given address @a dst.
//!
//! @param dst Where the relocated code should me stored. The pointer can be
//! address returned by virtual memory allocator or your own address if you
//! want only to store the code for later reuse (or load, etc...).
//! @param addressBase Base address used for relocation. When using JIT code
//! generation, this will be the same as @a dst, only casted to system
//! integer type. But when generating code for remote process then the value
//! can be different.
//!
//! @retval The bytes used. Code-generator can create trampolines which are
//! used when calling other functions inside the JIT code. However, these
//! trampolines can be unused so the relocCode() returns the exact size needed
//! for the function.
//!
//! A given buffer will be overwritten, to get number of bytes required use
//! @c getCodeSize().
virtual size_t relocCode(void* dst, sysuint_t addressBase) const = 0;
//! @brief Simplifed version of @c relocCode() method designed for JIT.
//!
//! @overload
inline size_t relocCode(void* dst) const
{ return relocCode(dst, (uintptr_t)dst); }
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Make]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief Make is convenience method to make currently serialized code and
//! return pointer to generated function.
//!
//! What you need is only to cast this pointer to your function type and call
//! it. Note that if there was an error and calling @c getError() method not
//! returns @c kErrorOk (zero) then this function always return @c NULL and
//! error value remains the same.
virtual void* make() = 0;
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Helpers]
// your_sha256_hash----------
ASMJIT_API LabelLink* _newLabelLink();
// your_sha256_hash----------
// [Members]
// your_sha256_hash----------
//! @brief ZoneMemory management.
ZoneMemory _zoneMemory;
//! @brief Binary code buffer.
Buffer _buffer;
//! @brief Context (for example @ref JitContext).
Context* _context;
//! @brief Logger.
Logger* _logger;
//! @brief Error code.
uint32_t _error;
//! @brief Properties.
uint32_t _properties;
//! @brief Emit flags for next instruction (cleared after emit).
uint32_t _emitOptions;
//! @brief Size of possible trampolines.
uint32_t _trampolineSize;
//! @brief Inline comment that will be logged by the next instruction and
//! set to NULL.
const char* _inlineComment;
//! @brief Linked list of unused links (@c LabelLink* structures)
LabelLink* _unusedLinks;
//! @brief Labels data.
PodVector<LabelData> _labels;
//! @brief Relocations data.
PodVector<RelocData> _relocData;
};
//! @}
} // AsmJit namespace
// [Api-End]
#include "../core/apiend.h"
// [Guard]
#endif // _ASMJIT_CORE_ASSEMBLER_H
``` |
The Mesquite Mountains (Arizona) of western Arizona, along the east side of Parker Valley in the Lower Colorado River Valley is a small, lower elevation 13-mi (21 km) long mildly arced-shaped mountain range.
The range is an extension of the range abutting it south-southwestwards, the Dome Rock Mountains. Bouse Wash drains the plains to the east of the two ranges (the La Posa Plain), and the Bouse Wash turns into the Colorado River Valley (Parker Valley), by rounding the north terminus of the Mesquite Mountains.
The highpoint of the range is Mesquite Mountain, at the center-south of the range.
References
External links
Coordinates and highpoint elevation, topozone
Mountain ranges of the Sonoran Desert
Mountain ranges of the Lower Colorado River Valley
Mountain ranges of La Paz County, Arizona
Mountain ranges of Arizona |
is a 1955 Japanese film directed by Hiroshi Inagaki starring Toshiro Mifune. Shot in Eastmancolor, it is the second film of Inagaki's Samurai Trilogy.
The film is adapted from Eiji Yoshikawa's novel Musashi, originally released as a serial in the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun, between 1935 and 1939. The novel is loosely based on the life of the famous Japanese swordsman, Miyamoto Musashi.
The first part of the trilogy is Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto (1954) and the third is Samurai III: Duel at Ganryu Island (1956).
The film's production designer was Kisaku Itō, the set decoration was made by Makoto Sono, the consultant of art department was Kisaku Itō, the sound technician was Chōshichirō Mikami, the lighting technician was Shigeru Mori, and the choreographers were Tokuho Azuma and Yoshio Sugino.
Plot
Musashi walks alone from the mountains to the seashore, then to the farm fields, "in search of knowledge and to complete his character as a respectable samurai". It is evening as he stops by a hut and prepares a bandana on his forehead. He tells a young lad to go, but he refuses, saying that he lives there and knows Musashi will duel with Old Baiken nearby. Shisido Baiken arrives with two aides. The two men face off, Musashi with his katana, Baiken with rapidly swinging ball and chain and scythe (kusarigama). After a tense battle Musashi delivers a killing thrust. An old man passing by chastises Musashi, commenting that although he is a skilled fencer, he lacks chivalry and is not mentally relaxed, thus is not a true samurai.
The boy, whose name is Jotaro and is an orphan, follows Musashi on his journey. In Kyoto, Otsu still waits, selling fans by the bridge. Akemi comes by and notices her sadness, they talk, Akemi says she longs for a certain man also. Toji comes and grabs Akemi to take her back to entertain Seijuro Yoshioka, a wealthy Martial Arts School owner. Toji and Oko discuss how rich they will be by pimping out Akemi. Matahachi still hangs around the house also and sings a mournful song.
At the Yoshioka school Musashi keeps dueling with the students, laying a beating on them one by one. Believing all the students are not powerful enough, he demands a match with Seijuro, the school master. Later Seijuro arrives to see his wounded students, defeated by who they consider a back country fencer. Seijuro prepares for a duel but is stopped by Toji, who says Musashi is not good enough for the master. The men whisper and plan. They attack his room en masse but Musashi is gone. He left a note saying Seijuro is to post his time and place for a duel by Sanjuro Bridge the next day.
Back at the house, Oko and Toji try to cheer up a pensive Seijuro. Akemi delivers tea. Toji tells him to have his brother Denschichiro fight instead. Akemi sees Musashi's note and his signature, realizing it must be her Takezo. She goes to tell a stunned Matahachi, who sets out to find his old friend.
In a shop Musashi is trying to get his sword sharpened, the smithy calls Musashi a murderer and refuses to polish the weapon. The samurai leaves in anger, then pauses, returns and asks humbly, the smithy now agrees but says only the Master Koetsu Honami can polish the sword. At Honami's shop the master polisher is friendly and shows a recent job, a long sword nicknamed "the Clothes Pole". Musashi is interested in the owner, who is Kojiro Sasaki.
In a park Matahachi walks nervously. He sees a group of men attack a samurai, they cry out they made a mistake. The dying man gives Matahachi a package to deliver to Kojiro Sasaki.
At the house Seijuro punishes Akemi for loving his enemy, then he rapes her. Oko and Toji leave them alone. Afterwards, Akemi glares at her mother with hate.
In the dusk Musashi waits by the bridge. Otsu arrives by coincidence and the two meet once again, Otsu never wants to leave him again. A stoic Musashi admits he prefers his sword. Suddenly a large group of men approach Musashi. Vastly outnumbered, Musashi fights and retreats, demanding a fair duel. While he escapes by the riverbank, Sasaki crosses the bridge and says that Toji will lose against Musashi. Toji acts bossy until Sasaki suddenly takes his sword and quickly slices off Toji's topknot with the "Swallow Turn" move. Sasaki then strides away back across the bridge.
Otsu runs along the river calling for Takezo. Akemi is there also and hears her. The two women meet and Akemi realizes they both long for the same man. She lies to Otsu that Takezo had proposed to her. Sadly Akemi says she was going to kill herself but now will live for Takezo. Otsu weeps, not believing it.
Back at the temple she seeks guidance from Takuan the Buddhist priest, and wants to be a nun. Takuan tells her she doesn't have to and introduces her to Jotaro.
Akemi wakens at Sasaki's house. Startled, he tells her she is free to go but asks her to stay awhile. He grills her about Musashi. Toji and his men from Yoshioka school arrives to take Akemi back, but Sasaki threatens them with his long sword. In the resulting clash he strikes down two until Seijuro stops the fight, saying that he recognizes Sasaki by his fighting style.
Elsewhere in Kyoto, Koetsu Honami has taken Musashi to see the star courtesan Yoshino at the best nightclub in town. She performs her dance routine then comes to sit by Musashi. An ascetic Musashi declines any drinks, so the women make ribald double entendres and call him "Mr. Weak".
At the school Denschichiro comes to see his older brother, ripping him for the cowardice in not fighting the previous evening. All over town the men are looking for Musashi. Honami's mother tells Takuan Musashi is being kept occupied in the geisha quarters until the trouble passes. Finally two men discover where he is and deliver a summons from Denschichiro to duel at nine that night at Rengein Temple.
Denschichiro waits at the temple as Musashi arrives, and they start a swordfight. As a geisha sings, Musashi returns none the worse for wear, the geisha tells him he must visit with Lady Yoshino. Mushashi is shy beside the aggressive courtesan while she taunts him and questions his attitude towards women.
Seijuro sees his dead brother laid out and tells him he shouldn't have been so rash. He tells Sasaki he must now fight Musashi. Seijuro then goes to a bedroom and apologizes to a sad Akemi and asks for one kind word from her to help his spirit, she refuses and says she'll pray for Musashi.
Toji has 200 gold pieces and prepares to leave town with Oko, leaving Akemi behind. As the two run out they bump into Matahachi and scurry off. As Matahachi gets up his mother Osugi arrives. He shows his mother the scroll he took from the dying samurai, it is a diploma from the Chujo School and he claims it as his, and he has changed his name to Kojiro Sasaki.
Musashi relaxes by painting at Yoshino's place, but he hears the word on the streets that he's a coward, so he prepares to leave. Yoshino leaves him a farewell note, not being able to tell him goodbye since he is her true love. As soon as Musashi leaves the nightclub area, he is quickly surrounded by the people from Yoshioka school. Sasaki intervenes and introduces himself to Musashi. They agree to a duel with Seijuro at five the next morning at Ichijoji Temple, 19 February. The duel is posted for all to read.
Otsu prays at the temple, Takuan prepares to have her long hair cut to become a nun. As Takuan readies the razor Jotaro comes and tells her she must go the Ichijoji Temple for the duel.
Musashi cleanses himself by a well. In the dawn a large group of men confront Sasaki, who claims to be a witness of the duel but is rejected as he is not requested to do so by anybody. Sasaki realizes that they are to ambush Musashi, and leaves after commenting that the house of Yoshioka has no honour.
Osugi has convinced Matahachi to kill Otsu, they intercept her in the woods. Matahachi instead wants to elope, Otsu explains she loves Takezo. Enraged, Matahachi chases her with the long sword. Sasaki happens to come by. Boldly, Matahachi proclaims himself as Sasaki. The real Sasaki is amused and introduces himself.
Musashi stops briefly at a well and ponders the inscription. Akemi arrives and hugs him. Otsu also shows up and sees the two in a close embrace. Akemi tells him there are 80 men waiting for him, she tells him not to go. Otsu watches as Musashi pushes Akemi down and continues towards the duel.
He strides confidently through the bush and arrives behind the ambushers. He decides to go in as promised, demanding to see Seijuro. Defiant, he draws his blade and starts taking them down. Otsu arrives as more reinforcements also appear, while Sasaki and Akemi watch from a hillside nearby. Since archers land their arrows at Musashi`s feet, he retreats slowly across a rice paddy, the thick mud and water hampers the mob. He gets to dry land first and makes an escape.
As day breaks Takuan appears. Otsu announces she will not be a nun after all.
Somewhere in the woods a tired Musashi meets Seijuro, who claims that he is not a coward but his men stopped him earlier. As they start the duel, Musashi's first strike hurts Seijuro's left arm, causing him falls to the ground and at Musashi's mercy. Recalling the words from the people he encountered previously, Musashi relents and leaves Seijuro alive.
On the run, Musashi is exhausted and collapses at a stream. Jotaro sees him and calls for Otsu. Later, by a mountain stream Musashi awakens. Otsu is happily washing clothes by the water. The two are living their dreams. Overcome with emotion and thinking that Otsu feels the same way for him, Musashi attempts to make love right there, but Otsu tells him she is not ready to go all the way. Confused, Musashi quickly packs his swords and leaves. He then renounces his love of women and promise to never fall for a woman again as they are never clear on their intentions. High above, Sasaki sees him walking alone and wishes him luck in his next grand adventure.
Cast
Toshiro Mifune as Miyamoto Musashi
Kōji Tsuruta as Sasaki Kojirō
Mariko Okada as Akemi
Kaoru Yachigusa as Otsu
Michiyo Kogure as Dayū Yoshino
Mitsuko Mito as Okō, Akemi's mother
Akihiko Hirata as Seijūrō Yoshioka
Daisuke Katō as Tōji Gion
Kurōemon Onoe as priest Takuan (Takuan Sōhō)
Sachio Sakai as Matahachi Honiden
Yū Fujiki as Denshichirō Yoshioka
Machiko Kitagawa as Kogure
Eiko Miyoshi as Osugi, Matahachi's mother
Eijirō Tōno as Shishido Baiken
Kenjin Iida as Jōtarō
Akira Tani as Kawara-no-Gonroku
Kō Mihashi as Honami Kōetsu
Kokuten Kōdō as old priest Nikkan
Yoshifumi Tajima as Yoshioka samurai
Keiko Kondō
Hisako Takihana
Ren Yamamoto
Ryū Kuze
Torahiko Hamada
Yoshio Inaba
Fumito Matsuo
Minoru Itō
Yasuhisa Tsutsumi
Ren Imaizumi
Rinsaku Ogata
Kenzō Tabu
See also
Fuju-fuse#The persecution - about the priest Nikkan
References
External links
Samurai II an essay by Bruce Eder at the Criterion Collection
http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1955/ce002500.htm
1955 films
Films directed by Hiroshi Inagaki
Films set in Kyoto
Jidaigeki films
Samurai films
Cultural depictions of Miyamoto Musashi
1950s martial arts films
1950s Japanese films
Films scored by Ikuma Dan |
Prosoplus neopomerianus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
References
Prosoplus
Beetles described in 1938 |
Lieutenant General Dick Stenberg (21 January 1921 – 27 September 2004) was a Swedish Air Force officer. Stenberg was commissioned as an officer in 1942 and was later the commanding officer of Södertörn Wing and Chief of the Air Staff. Stenberg ended his military career with the position of Chief of the Air Force from 1973 to 1982.
Early life
Stenberg was born on 21 January 1921 in Falun, Sweden, the son of Karl Edvard Stenberg, a foreman, and his wife Karin (née Olofsson). He passed studentexamen at the Higher General Grammar School for Boys in Södermalm (Södra Latin) in Stockholm on 10 May 1939. Stenberg became an officer aspirant in the Swedish Air Force on 16 June 1939 and was commissioned as an officer with the rank of second lieutenant on 24 March 1942.
Career
He was a flight instructor at the Swedish Air Force Flying School (F 5) from 1942 to 1948 and he was promoted to löjtnant on 14 April 1944. Stenberg underwent flight instructor courses at the Royal Air Force Flight Academy from 1944 to 1948 and was admitted to the Royal Swedish Air Force Staff College in Stockholm in 1948 and he was promoted to kapten on 1 April 1949. He was then a fighter pilot and was squadron leader at Svea Wing (F 8) from 1949 to 1954 and became major on 1 October 1954 and was head of the Aviation Department at Södertörn Wing (F 18) in 1955.
Stenberg became chief of staff of the Third Air Group (Tredje flygeskadern, E 3) on 1 May 1957 and was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 1 October 1958 and was appointed head of the Aviation and Air Defence Department at the Defence Staff on 1 April 1960. He was aviation commander of the 22 U.N. Fighter Squadron (F 22) in Congo during the Congo Crisis from November 1962 to April 1963. The core of the Swedish squadron consisted of 11 Saab 29 Tunnan. Stenberg co-operated there with Sven Lampell, his former classmate from Södra Latin. Back in Sweden, he was promoted to colonel and appointed commanding officer of Södertörn Wing on 1 April (took office on 1 May) 1963.
Stenberg was second vice chairman of the Swedish Officers Association from 1963 to 1965, and was appointed aviation inspector and head of the aviation section at the Eastern Military Dustrict Staff on 1 October 1966. He became Vice Chief of the Defence Staff on 1 October 1968, was promoted to major general on 1 November 1968 and was appointed Chief of the Air Staff on 1 April 1970. Stenberg was promoted to lieutenant general and was appointed Chief of the Air Force on 1 October 1973. During his time as Chief of the Air Force, he struggled with the problems surrounding Saab 37 Viggen's successor. Aircraft projects such as B3LA, A 20, Sk 2 and Flygplan 80 were discussed before a political decision of acquiring the Saab JAS 39 Gripen during Stenberg's last year as Chief of the Air Force. Stenberg retired on 30 September 1982.
Other work
Stenberg was the chairman of the Foundation for the Swedish Air Force Museum from 1976 to 1991 and a member of the Military Management Advisory Board between 1 January 1979 and 1982 as well as a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1971 (president 1977-1979). In addition to his combat airplane training, Stenberg, during his time as the Chief of the Air Force, also took civilian air certificate. After his retirement in 1982, the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority hired him frequently for several years as a pilot in connection with various assignments in Sweden.
Personal life
On 12 June 1943 in Sundbyberg he married Maj Gunborg Larsson (1921–2007), the daughter of tram driver Sven Erik Larsson and Ida Sofia Lindström. He was the father of Jan (born 1944) and Eva (born 1947).
Death
Stenberg died on 27 September 2004 in Bromma Parish, Stockholm and was buried on 2 November 2004 at Bromma Cemetery.
Dates of rank
1942 – Second lieutenant
1944 – Lieutenant
1949 – Captain
1954 – Major
1958 – Lieutenant colonel
1963 – Colonel
1968 – Major general
1973 – Lieutenant general
Awards and decorations
Commander of the Order of the Sword (11 November 1966)
Knight's Cross of the Order of the Falcon (1 April 1954)
United Nations Medal
References
External links
Entry at Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
Interview with Stenberg (page 3-4)
1921 births
2004 deaths
Swedish Air Force lieutenant generals
People from Falun
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
Commanders of the Order of the Sword |
```javascript
!function(e){if("object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define([],e);else{var f;"undefined"!=typeof window?f=window:"undefined"!=typeof global?f=global:"undefined"!=typeof self&&(f=self),f.Slideout=e()}}(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';
/**
* Module dependencies
*/
var decouple = require('decouple');
var Emitter = require('emitter');
/**
* Privates
*/
var scrollTimeout;
var scrolling = false;
var doc = window.document;
var html = doc.documentElement;
var msPointerSupported = window.navigator.msPointerEnabled;
var touch = {
'start': msPointerSupported ? 'MSPointerDown' : 'touchstart',
'move': msPointerSupported ? 'MSPointerMove' : 'touchmove',
'end': msPointerSupported ? 'MSPointerUp' : 'touchend'
};
var prefix = (function prefix() {
var regex = /^(Webkit|Khtml|Moz|ms|O)(?=[A-Z])/;
var styleDeclaration = doc.getElementsByTagName('script')[0].style;
for (var prop in styleDeclaration) {
if (regex.test(prop)) {
return '-' + prop.match(regex)[0].toLowerCase() + '-';
}
}
// Nothing found so far? Webkit does not enumerate over the CSS properties of the style object.
// However (prop in style) returns the correct value, so we'll have to test for
// the precence of a specific property
if ('WebkitOpacity' in styleDeclaration) { return '-webkit-'; }
if ('KhtmlOpacity' in styleDeclaration) { return '-khtml-'; }
return '';
}());
function extend(destination, from) {
for (var prop in from) {
if (from[prop]) {
destination[prop] = from[prop];
}
}
return destination;
}
function inherits(child, uber) {
child.prototype = extend(child.prototype || {}, uber.prototype);
}
function hasIgnoredElements(el) {
while (el.parentNode) {
if (el.getAttribute('data-slideout-ignore') !== null) {
return el;
}
el = el.parentNode;
}
return null;
}
/**
* Slideout constructor
*/
function Slideout(options) {
options = options || {};
// Sets default values
this._startOffsetX = 0;
this._currentOffsetX = 0;
this._opening = false;
this._moved = false;
this._opened = false;
this._preventOpen = false;
this._touch = options.touch === undefined ? true : options.touch && true;
this._side = options.side || 'left';
// Sets panel
this.panel = options.panel;
this.menu = options.menu;
// Sets classnames
if (!this.panel.classList.contains('slideout-panel')) {
this.panel.classList.add('slideout-panel');
}
if (!this.panel.classList.contains('slideout-panel-' + this._side)) {
this.panel.classList.add('slideout-panel-' + this._side);
}
if (!this.menu.classList.contains('slideout-menu')) {
this.menu.classList.add('slideout-menu');
}
if (!this.menu.classList.contains('slideout-menu-' + this._side)) {
this.menu.classList.add('slideout-menu-' + this._side);
}
// Sets options
this._fx = options.fx || 'ease';
this._duration = parseInt(options.duration, 10) || 300;
this._tolerance = parseInt(options.tolerance, 10) || 70;
this._padding = this._translateTo = parseInt(options.padding, 10) || 256;
this._orientation = this._side === 'right' ? -1 : 1;
this._translateTo *= this._orientation;
// Init touch events
if (this._touch) {
this._initTouchEvents();
}
}
/**
* Inherits from Emitter
*/
inherits(Slideout, Emitter);
/**
* Opens the slideout menu.
*/
Slideout.prototype.open = function() {
var self = this;
this.emit('beforeopen');
if (!html.classList.contains('slideout-open')) {
html.classList.add('slideout-open');
}
this._setTransition();
this._translateXTo(this._translateTo);
this._opened = true;
setTimeout(function() {
self.panel.style.transition = self.panel.style['-webkit-transition'] = '';
self.emit('open');
}, this._duration + 50);
return this;
};
/**
* Closes slideout menu.
*/
Slideout.prototype.close = function() {
var self = this;
if (!this.isOpen() && !this._opening) {
return this;
}
this.emit('beforeclose');
this._setTransition();
this._translateXTo(0);
this._opened = false;
setTimeout(function() {
html.classList.remove('slideout-open');
self.panel.style.transition = self.panel.style['-webkit-transition'] = self.panel.style[prefix + 'transform'] = self.panel.style.transform = '';
self.emit('close');
}, this._duration + 50);
return this;
};
/**
* Toggles (open/close) slideout menu.
*/
Slideout.prototype.toggle = function() {
return this.isOpen() ? this.close() : this.open();
};
/**
* Returns true if the slideout is currently open, and false if it is closed.
*/
Slideout.prototype.isOpen = function() {
return this._opened;
};
/**
* Translates panel and updates currentOffset with a given X point
*/
Slideout.prototype._translateXTo = function(translateX) {
this._currentOffsetX = translateX;
this.panel.style[prefix + 'transform'] = this.panel.style.transform = 'translateX(' + translateX + 'px)';
return this;
};
/**
* Set transition properties
*/
Slideout.prototype._setTransition = function() {
this.panel.style[prefix + 'transition'] = this.panel.style.transition = prefix + 'transform ' + this._duration + 'ms ' + this._fx;
return this;
};
/**
* Initializes touch event
*/
Slideout.prototype._initTouchEvents = function() {
var self = this;
/**
* Decouple scroll event
*/
this._onScrollFn = decouple(doc, 'scroll', function() {
if (!self._moved) {
clearTimeout(scrollTimeout);
scrolling = true;
scrollTimeout = setTimeout(function() {
scrolling = false;
}, 250);
}
});
/**
* Prevents touchmove event if slideout is moving
*/
this._preventMove = function(eve) {
if (self._moved) {
eve.preventDefault();
}
};
doc.addEventListener(touch.move, this._preventMove);
/**
* Resets values on touchstart
*/
this._resetTouchFn = function(eve) {
if (typeof eve.touches === 'undefined') {
return;
}
self._moved = false;
self._opening = false;
self._startOffsetX = eve.touches[0].pageX;
self._preventOpen = (!self._touch || (!self.isOpen() && self.menu.clientWidth !== 0));
};
this.panel.addEventListener(touch.start, this._resetTouchFn);
/**
* Resets values on touchcancel
*/
this._onTouchCancelFn = function() {
self._moved = false;
self._opening = false;
};
this.panel.addEventListener('touchcancel', this._onTouchCancelFn);
/**
* Toggles slideout on touchend
*/
this._onTouchEndFn = function() {
if (self._moved) {
self.emit('translateend');
(self._opening && Math.abs(self._currentOffsetX) > self._tolerance) ? self.open() : self.close();
}
self._moved = false;
};
this.panel.addEventListener(touch.end, this._onTouchEndFn);
/**
* Translates panel on touchmove
*/
this._onTouchMoveFn = function(eve) {
if (
scrolling ||
self._preventOpen ||
typeof eve.touches === 'undefined' ||
hasIgnoredElements(eve.target)
) {
return;
}
var dif_x = eve.touches[0].clientX - self._startOffsetX;
var translateX = self._currentOffsetX = dif_x;
if (Math.abs(translateX) > self._padding) {
return;
}
if (Math.abs(dif_x) > 20) {
self._opening = true;
var oriented_dif_x = dif_x * self._orientation;
if (self._opened && oriented_dif_x > 0 || !self._opened && oriented_dif_x < 0) {
return;
}
if (!self._moved) {
self.emit('translatestart');
}
if (oriented_dif_x <= 0) {
translateX = dif_x + self._padding * self._orientation;
self._opening = false;
}
if (!(self._moved && html.classList.contains('slideout-open'))) {
html.classList.add('slideout-open');
}
self.panel.style[prefix + 'transform'] = self.panel.style.transform = 'translateX(' + translateX + 'px)';
self.emit('translate', translateX);
self._moved = true;
}
};
this.panel.addEventListener(touch.move, this._onTouchMoveFn);
return this;
};
/**
* Enable opening the slideout via touch events.
*/
Slideout.prototype.enableTouch = function() {
this._touch = true;
return this;
};
/**
* Disable opening the slideout via touch events.
*/
Slideout.prototype.disableTouch = function() {
this._touch = false;
return this;
};
/**
* Destroy an instance of slideout.
*/
Slideout.prototype.destroy = function() {
// Close before clean
this.close();
// Remove event listeners
doc.removeEventListener(touch.move, this._preventMove);
this.panel.removeEventListener(touch.start, this._resetTouchFn);
this.panel.removeEventListener('touchcancel', this._onTouchCancelFn);
this.panel.removeEventListener(touch.end, this._onTouchEndFn);
this.panel.removeEventListener(touch.move, this._onTouchMoveFn);
doc.removeEventListener('scroll', this._onScrollFn);
// Remove methods
this.open = this.close = function() {};
// Return the instance so it can be easily dereferenced
return this;
};
/**
* Expose Slideout
*/
module.exports = Slideout;
},{"decouple":2,"emitter":3}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';
var requestAnimFrame = (function() {
return window.requestAnimationFrame ||
window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
function (callback) {
window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60);
};
}());
function decouple(node, event, fn) {
var eve,
tracking = false;
function captureEvent(e) {
eve = e;
track();
}
function track() {
if (!tracking) {
requestAnimFrame(update);
tracking = true;
}
}
function update() {
fn.call(node, eve);
tracking = false;
}
node.addEventListener(event, captureEvent, false);
return captureEvent;
}
/**
* Expose decouple
*/
module.exports = decouple;
},{}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
var _classCallCheck = function (instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } };
exports.__esModule = true;
/**
* Creates a new instance of Emitter.
* @class
* @returns {Object} Returns a new instance of Emitter.
* @example
* // Creates a new instance of Emitter.
* var Emitter = require('emitter');
*
* var emitter = new Emitter();
*/
var Emitter = (function () {
function Emitter() {
_classCallCheck(this, Emitter);
}
/**
* Adds a listener to the collection for the specified event.
* @memberof! Emitter.prototype
* @function
* @param {String} event - The event name.
* @param {Function} listener - A listener function to add.
* @returns {Object} Returns an instance of Emitter.
* @example
* // Add an event listener to "foo" event.
* emitter.on('foo', listener);
*/
Emitter.prototype.on = function on(event, listener) {
// Use the current collection or create it.
this._eventCollection = this._eventCollection || {};
// Use the current collection of an event or create it.
this._eventCollection[event] = this._eventCollection[event] || [];
// Appends the listener into the collection of the given event
this._eventCollection[event].push(listener);
return this;
};
/**
* Adds a listener to the collection for the specified event that will be called only once.
* @memberof! Emitter.prototype
* @function
* @param {String} event - The event name.
* @param {Function} listener - A listener function to add.
* @returns {Object} Returns an instance of Emitter.
* @example
* // Will add an event handler to "foo" event once.
* emitter.once('foo', listener);
*/
Emitter.prototype.once = function once(event, listener) {
var self = this;
function fn() {
self.off(event, fn);
listener.apply(this, arguments);
}
fn.listener = listener;
this.on(event, fn);
return this;
};
/**
* Removes a listener from the collection for the specified event.
* @memberof! Emitter.prototype
* @function
* @param {String} event - The event name.
* @param {Function} listener - A listener function to remove.
* @returns {Object} Returns an instance of Emitter.
* @example
* // Remove a given listener.
* emitter.off('foo', listener);
*/
Emitter.prototype.off = function off(event, listener) {
var listeners = undefined;
// Defines listeners value.
if (!this._eventCollection || !(listeners = this._eventCollection[event])) {
return this;
}
listeners.forEach(function (fn, i) {
if (fn === listener || fn.listener === listener) {
// Removes the given listener.
listeners.splice(i, 1);
}
});
// Removes an empty event collection.
if (listeners.length === 0) {
delete this._eventCollection[event];
}
return this;
};
/**
* Execute each item in the listener collection in order with the specified data.
* @memberof! Emitter.prototype
* @function
* @param {String} event - The name of the event you want to emit.
* @param {...Object} data - Data to pass to the listeners.
* @returns {Object} Returns an instance of Emitter.
* @example
* // Emits the "foo" event with 'param1' and 'param2' as arguments.
* emitter.emit('foo', 'param1', 'param2');
*/
Emitter.prototype.emit = function emit(event) {
var _this = this;
for (var _len = arguments.length, args = Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {
args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];
}
var listeners = undefined;
// Defines listeners value.
if (!this._eventCollection || !(listeners = this._eventCollection[event])) {
return this;
}
// Clone listeners
listeners = listeners.slice(0);
listeners.forEach(function (fn) {
return fn.apply(_this, args);
});
return this;
};
return Emitter;
})();
/**
* Exports Emitter
*/
exports["default"] = Emitter;
module.exports = exports["default"];
},{}]},{},[1])(1)
});
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North Berwick RFC is a rugby union club based in North Berwick, Scotland. The Men's team currently plays in .
History
The club was founded in 1952.
Harvey Elms, the Scotland 7s international player stated:
Rugby means a lot to the town. A lot of people are passionate about it. I have very fond memories of growing up playing rugby there. The commitment from the volunteers to coach the kids was very important. It is a place that is recognised for developing players.I have great memories of the North Berwick Sevens, I played in my last year of school and we managed to win it, I remember Lewis Carmichael and I both got the opportunity to play.
Sides
The club runs a 1st XV, a 2nd XV and an over 35s side.
Sevens tournament
The club runs the North Berwick Sevens. They compete for the Stewart Cup.
Their first Sevens tournament was held in 1960.
Honours
Men's
North Berwick Sevens
Champions (7):1973, 1981, 1982, 1989, 1997, 2013, 2016
Edinburgh District Sevens
Champions (2): 1977, 1979
Currie Sevens
Champions (1): 1981
Old Augustinians Sevens
Champions: 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983
Penicuik Sevens
Champions: 2003, 2009
Notable former players
Men
Edinburgh Rugby
The following former North Berwick RFC players have represented Edinburgh Rugby.
Scotland
The following former North Berwick RFC players have represented Scotland.
References
Rugby union in East Lothian
Rugby union teams in Scotland |
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
Pain may also refer to:
Arts
"Pain", a season one episode of Stargate Universe
"Pain", an episode of The Good Doctor
Pain (film), a 1953 Mexican-Spanish musical comedy film
Pain (journal), a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal
Pain (video game), an action video game developed by Idol Minds and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3
The Pain – When Will It End?, a cartoon drawn by Tim Kreider
Characters
Nagato (Naruto) (also Pain), fictional character in the manga and anime series Naruto
Pain, a demon from the Disney animated feature Hercules
The Pain, a character from the Metal Gear franchise
Music
Albums
Pain (Ohio Players album), the second studio album by The Ohio Players
Pain (Rhino Bucket album), the third studio album released by the hard rock band Rhino Bucket
Pain, album by Dub War
Groups
Pain (musical project), a musical project from Sweden that mixes heavy metal with influences from electronic music and techno
Salvo (band) (previously Pain), an American punk rock group
Songs
"Pain" (De La Soul song), 2016
"Pain" (Jimmy Eat World song), 2004
"Pain" (Three Days Grace song), the second single from rock band Three Days Grace's 2006 album, One-X
"Pain", a 1994 song by 2Pac from the film Above the Rim but withheld from the soundtrack
"Pain", the third track from Alice Cooper's 1980 album Flush the Fashion
"Pain", the sixth track from Blackfield's 2004 album Blackfield
"Pain", a song by Boy Harsher
"Pain", a 2001 single by Four Star Mary
"Pain", the eleventh track from Fun Factory's 1994 album NonStop
"Pain", the first track from Hollywood Undead's 2009 EP Swan Songs B-Sides
"Pain", a 2001 single by the Indigo
"Pain", a 2021 single by PinkPantheress
"Pain", the sixth track from Kittie's 2001 album Oracle
"Pain", by King Princess, 2020
"Pain", by Ingrid Andress, 2022
"The Pain", by Lacuna Coil from their 2009 album Shallow Life
"Pain", the ninth track from Oingo Boingo's 1987 album Boi-ngo
"Pain", the eleventh track from Puff Daddy's 1997 album No Way Out
"Pain", the 13th track from Puff Daddy's 1999 album Forever
"Pain", the second track from Soulfly's 2000 album Primitive
"Pain", the sixth track from Stereomud's 2001 album Perfect Self
"Pain", a bonus track from the Used's 2007 album Lies for the Liars
"Pain", the 2020 debut single from Nessa Barrett
People
Pain fitzJohn (died 1137), Anglo-Norman nobleman and administrator
Angie Hulley (; born 1962), English retired female long-distance runner
Connor Pain (born 1993), Australian professional football player
Elizabeth Pain (1704), settler in colonial Boston
Jeff Pain (born 1970), American-born Canadian former skeleton racer
T-Pain (born 1985), American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer
Places
Deh-e Pain, Lamerd (also Pā’īn), a village in Kal Rural District, Eshkanan District, Lamerd County, Fars Province, Iran
Pain, Kerman, a village in Gevar Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran
McKinley National Park Airport (ICAO code: PAIN), a public-use airport located two nautical miles northeast of McKinley Park
Other
P.A.I.N., an advocacy organization founded by Nan Goldin to respond to the opioid crisis
Pain (philosophy), a topic in philosophy
Payment Initialization, an electronic message type group within ISO 20022 known for its usage within the Single Euro Payments Area
Suffering, an experience of unpleasantness and aversion associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual
See also
Pain and Suffering (disambiguation)
Paine (disambiguation)
Pains (disambiguation)
Pan (disambiguation)
Pane (disambiguation)
Payne (disambiguation) |
Josephine Antoine (October 27, 1907 – October 30, 1971) was a coloratura soprano, who sang at the Metropolitan Opera from 1936 through 1948 in 76 appearances, and was well known in "Un ballo in maschera", "Il barbiere di Siviglia", "Les contes d'Hoffmann", "Le Coq d'Or", "Don Giovanni", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Mignon", "Parsifal", "Rigoletto", and "Die Zauberflöte."
She made at least six commercial recordings for Columbia, but there may be more. Her career also included radio where she appeared on "Chevrolet Musical Moments Revue" in 1937. Miss Antoine was a regular star on NBC Radio's "The Carnation Contented Hour" ("The Melody Hour," without commercials, at Armed Forces Radio Service) with Percy Faith during World War II.
Miss Antoine was a favorite at Chautauqua Institution, New York where she had been soloist for many seasons. Hence she was affectionately known as "Chautauqua's Sweetheart."
Early life
Josephine Louise Antoine was born in Denver, Colorado, on October 27, 1907. She was adopted while still a baby by Mr. and Mrs. Arthur H. By 1914, her foster family had moved to Boulder.
Training
In 1921, Antoine began studying voice with Alexander Grant, a faculty member at the University of Colorado, and continued with him until she graduated from the University of Colorado with a Bachelor of Arts in 1929. That same year she won the Atwater Kent Audition Contest which provided her with scholarship money and the opportunity to go to the east coast to study vocal music. She also received the first Master of Music degree ever granted by University of Colorado. In 1930-31 she studied at Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, and from 1931 to 1934 studied at Juilliard in New York City.
She trained under the legendary Marcella Sembrich at Curtis and Juilliard, with whom she was often compared. Her voice was remarkable for its bell-like quality in the high register as well as its warmth and power throughout the entire vocal range. Arthur Bodansky conductor at the Metropolitan Opera heard her sing in a student performance of Strauss' "Ariadne Auf Naxos" and arranged an audition with Giulio Gatti-Casazza, General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera.
Operatic career
In 1935 Josephine Antoine signed with the Met and subsequently she made her debut in 1936 as Philine in "Mignon", broadcast on January 4, 1936.
Her career with the Met lasted through February 28, 1948. During this period she also sang for other opera companies including the Chicago Opera, the San Francisco Opera, the Cincinnati Opera and the Chautauqua Opera.
Concert career
Josephine Antoine was an internationally known artist. She toured throughout the United States, Canada, Newfoundland and Puerto Rico appearing as soloist with orchestras in Cincinnati, Cleveland, Worcester, Massachusetts, Washington, D. C., and the southwest (The Chautauquan Daily; August 18, 1962). The peak of her touring occurred during the 1938–1940 seasons when Miss Antoine appeared on stages of the Allied Arts Events at Oklahoma State University (1939), the Santa Fe Concert Association (1939–40), the Sarasota Concert Association (1938–39), and the Wisconsin Union Theater (1938–39), in addition to her responsibilities at the Metropolitan Opera.
Radio career
Outside of incidental occasions such as with Bing Crosby on KPO, October 22, 1936, Miss Antoine appeared for some years on "The Carnation Contented Hour" radio program. According to Frank Buxton and Bill Owen's "The Big Broadcast 1920–1950", (1972), the Carnation Contented Hour was a long-running music program sponsored by the Carnation Milk Company. It first appeared on NBC in 1931. The music theme was "Contented." The program was a variety show originating from Chicago featuring Percy Faith and his orchestra (1940–1947). During the Antoine era key personnel included the orchestra, the Carnation Contented Chorus, Ralph Nyland, tenor; Reinhold Schmidt, bass; and Josephine Antoine, soprano. The announcer was Vincent Pelletier. Producers were Harry K. Gilman and C. H. Cottington.
During World War II, the Armed Forces Radio Service obtained rights to rebroadcast the program for the entertainment of military personnel. Commercial messages were edited out and the program was re-titled "The Melody Hour." It was a 30-minute show. Recordings were made on 16" electrical transcription discs for play back at 33 rpm over AFRS according to their schedules.
Jay Hickerson's compendium "The Ultimate History of Network Radio Programming and Guide to all Circulating Shows" (1992) indicates that during this era, the program was on NBC at 8:00 p. m. from October 31, 1932, and as of November 21, 1932, until September 26, 1949, then moved to 10:00 p. m. He reports that there are 43 recorded shows available, 36 bearing dates.
Teaching career
After a successful opera career Miss Antoine taught at Indiana University (1947–48), University of Colorado (1948–49), Los Angeles Conservatory of Music (1950–53), University of Texas (1953–57), Arizona State University (1959–66), and at Eastman School of Music (1957–59, and 1966–71). She made her home in Rochester, New York, since 1966 and taught voice at Chautauqua Summer Schools.
Colorado life
Miss Antoine sang concerts at Denver Auditorium in 1936 and 1945. She starred in "The Bartered Bride", Central City, 1940, and in "The Red Mill" for the Denver Post Opera, 1949. In 1948 she sang for the Colorado Memorial Center fund. Josephine Antoine was married to Edward Hinkle, program director at a radio station in Boulder. Their daughter Myra was born in 1949.
Chautauqua life
Josephine Antoine made her debut with the Chautauqua Opera Association in 1933 in the title role of "Martha." That summer she also appeared for the first time with the Chautauqua Symphony Orchestra. In the traditions of Chautauqua her name is linked to "The Last Rose of Summer", a song with which she closed her appearances in the Amphitheater. In neighboring Jamestown, New York, she appeared as soloist for the Mozart Club and the Jamestown Civic Orchestra.
Death
On October 30, 1971, Josephine Antoine died of heart failure, aged 64, in Jamestown, New York, the day after her daughter, Myra Louise, was married. At the time of her death she was a professor of voice at the Eastman School of Music. Much of her opera memorabilia was given to the Sibley Music Library at the University of Rochester.
Verified discography
Columbia 69813D; WXCO26299; Jewel Song (Gounod, Faust); WXCO26300; Polonaise: Je Suis Titania (Thomas, Mignon); Josephine Antoine, soprano, with Wilfrid Pelletier conducting the Columbia Opera Orchestra; 12" 78 rpm phonorecord dating from 1939.
Columbia 71025-D; XCO29327; Lo! Here the Gentle Lark (Shakespeare-Bishop); XCO29333; The Russian Nightingale (Liebling-Alabiev); Josephine Antoine, soprano with Henry J. Bove, flute, and Stuart Ross, piano; 12" 78 rpm phonorecord dating from 1940.
Columbia 17276-D; CO29330; My Mother Bids Me Bind My Hair (Hume-Haydn); CO29332; Když mne stará matka zpívat učívala (Songs My Mother Taught Me, Heyduk-Dvorak); Josephine Antoine, soprano with Stuart Ross, piano; 10" 78 rpm phonorecord dating from 1940.
Chevrolet Musical Moments Revue: Prog. No. 364; 1937; World Broadcasting System (Western Electric Wide Range Recording); Audio Cassette from Esoteric Sound, original 16" 33 rpm electrical transcription disc. Gus Haenschen, conductor; Josephine Antoine, coloratura soprano; Casper Reardon, harp; Songsmiths, male quartet; orchestra; Graham McNamee, announcer.
Chevrolet Musical Moments Revue: Prog. No. 368; 1937; World Broadcasting System (Western Electric Wide Range Recording); Audio Cassette from Esoteric Sound, original 16" 33 rpm electrical transcription disc. Gus Haenschen, conductor; Josephine Antoine, coloratura soprano; Reed Lawton, baritone; Songsmiths, male quartet; orchestra; Prof. John Look, commercial; Graham McNamee, announcer.
Armed Forces Radio Service; Melody Hour (NBC Carnation Contented Hour*): Prog. No. 60; 9/4/44; 16" 33 rpm electrical transcription disc. *Without commercials. Percy Faith, conductor and arranger; Ralph Nyland, tenor; Reinhold Schmidt, bass; orchestra; chorus; Vincent Pelletier, announcer.
Armed Forces Radio Service; Melody Hour (NBC Carnation Contented Hour*): Prog. No. 63; 10/2/44; 16" 33 rpm electrical transcription disc.
Armed Forces Radio Service; Melody Hour (NBC Carnation Contented Hour*): Prog. No. 82; 4/16/45; 16" 33 rpm electrical transcription disc.
Armed Forces Radio Service; Melody Hour (NBC Carnation Contented Hour*): Prog. No. 99; 8/13/45; 16" 33 rpm electrical transcription disc.
Armed Forces Radio Service; Melody Hour (NBC Carnation Contented Hour*): Prog. No. 110; 11/5/45; two, one sided 16" 33 rpm electrical transcription discs.
Eclipse EKR CD 46; The American Prima Donna, 1995; Josephine Antoine's broadcast of 1940 with Lionel Barrymore as Master of Ceremonies; With other artists: Rosa Ponselle, Marguerite Namara, Mary McCormic, Jeanette MacDonald, Dorothy Maynor, Thelma Votipka, and Grace Moore.
Walhall Records (CD) WHL2; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute), 1994; From broadcast of December 26, 1942 with other artists: Jarmila Novotná, Charles Kullman, Ezio Pinza, John Brownlee, Lillian Raymondi, John Garris, Norman Cordon, Eleanor Steber, Maxine Stellman, Anna Kaskas, Marita Farell, Mona Paulee, Helen Olheim, Louis D'Anngelo, John Dudley, Emery Darcy, John Gurney, and Bruno Walter Conductor.
Studio Couch (CD from an LP audiodisc); Honegger: King David, 2005; Performance recorded on May 19, 1955 at the University of Colorado, College of Music; With other artists: Martha Miller (Contralto), Frank Barger (Tenor), Basil Rathbone (Narrator), University Choir and Festival Chorus, and Horace Jones, Conductor.
References
1907 births
1971 deaths
American Christian Scientists
American adoptees
American operatic sopranos
Chautauqua Institution
Musicians from Boulder, Colorado
Voice teachers
Curtis Institute of Music people
20th-century American women opera singers
Singers from Colorado
American music educators
American women music educators |
Abivirutheeswaram is a village in the Kudavasal taluk of Tiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu, India.
Demographics
As per the 2001 census, Abivirutheeswaram had a total population of 1432 with 657 males and 775 females. The sex ratio was 1180. The literacy rate was 74.8.
References
Villages in Tiruvarur district |
Ivan Stoyanov (; born 24 July 1983) is a Bulgarian football coach and a former player who played as a winger or attacking midfielder. He is the manager of Sliven.
Career
Sliven & Stuttgart
Stoyanov started his career in his home town Sliven in local team OFC Sliven 2000. In 2005, he signed a contract with German side VfB Stuttgart, but only played one league game for the club before returning to Sliven in May 2006. In 2007–08 season with his goals Stoyanov helped the team gain promotion to the first division in Bulgaria. He scored 16 goals in 15 matches. In September 2007, Stoyanov was banned for one year from football after an incident with a linesman in a match against Kaliakra Kavarna following his dismissal from the field by the main official. He subsequently reestablished himself as a key player for Sliven.
CSKA Sofia
After an impressive 2008–09 season with the newly promoted Sliven, on 24 June 2009 Stoyanov signed a 3-year contract with CSKA Sofia. On 30 July 2009, Stoyanov marked his official debut for the armymen by scoring the goal for the 1:0 home win against Northern Irish side Derry City F.C. in the third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. On 9 August 2009, he scored a brace in the 5:0 away win against Lokomotiv Plovdiv in a league game. On 30 August 2009, he scored another double, this time against Lokomotiv Mezdra, in a league game. On 20 September 2009, Stoyanov scored the opening goal in the 2:0 home win against Levski Sofia in The Eternal Derby.
Alania
On 25 February 2010 Russian side Alania Vladikavkaz signed the Bulgarian international from CSKA Sofia, the midfielder agreed to a three-year deal for $1.2 million. Stoyanov scored his first goal for Alania in their 1–0 home win against Rostov in the Russian Premier League on 25 April 2010.
Ludogorets Razgrad
On 29 August 2011, Stoyanov signed a contract with newly promoted A PFG club Ludogorets Razgrad. His debut for the team came on 11 September 2011, in the 6:0 home win against Slavia Sofia. On 30 September 2011, he scored a last-minute goal against Botev Vratsa to temporarily propel the team to the top of the A PFG table. On 28 November 2011, Stoyanov scored another last-minute goal, this time against former club CSKA Sofia, to help Ludogorets secure a 2:2 away draw and enable the team from Razgrad to finish the first half of the A PFG season in first place in the standings. On 2 April 2012, he netted the only goal for his team in the 1:0 away win over Levski Sofia, helping Ludogorets put an end to a three-game losing streak. Stoyanov eventually
finished the 2011–12 A PFG season as joint top scorer with Junior Moraes, while Ludogorets won its first A PFG title. On 24 July 2013, he opened the scoring in the 3:0 home win over Slovak side Slovan Bratislava in a 2nd qualifying round UEFA Champions League match. On 21 August 2013, Stoyanov scored a goal early in the second half to give Ludogorets a 2:1 lead over Swiss club FC Basel in a first leg match of the playoff round, but the team from Razgrad eventually lost by a score of 2:4. Stoyanov saw less first team action during the 2013/2014 A PFG season due to the strong performance of the other forwards and rejoined CSKA Sofia in February 2014.
Botev Plovdiv
On 15 June Ivan Stoyanov joined Botev Plovdiv. During the preseason friendly games Stoyanov scored twice against FC Eurocollege and once against FC Oborishte. Stoyanov scored twice in the final preseason friendly against FC Vereya.
On 30 July 2016 Ivan Stoyanov made an official debut for Botev Plovdiv and scored for the 1–1 draw with the local rivals Lokomotiv Plovdiv. He also picked up the man of the match award. Ivan Stoyanov made assists in the games against Slavia Sofia on 15 August and against PFC Neftochimic Burgas on 27 August. He was released in January 2017.
Etar
On 16 January 2017, Stoyanov joined Etar Veliko Tarnovo.
Career statistics
Honours
Ludogorets
A Group (2): 2011–12, 2012–13
Bulgarian Cup (1): 2012
Bulgarian Supercup (1): 2012
International career
Between 2004 and 2005 Stoyanov played in Bulgaria national under-21 football team. In 2004, he made his debut for the senior side.
Personal life
Stoyanov is the nephew of footballer Yordan Lechkov, who also serves as his agent.
References
External links
1983 births
Sportspeople from Sliven
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
Bulgaria men's under-21 international footballers
Bulgaria men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
OFC Sliven 2000 players
VfB Stuttgart players
VfB Stuttgart II players
PFC CSKA Sofia players
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
PFC Ludogorets Razgrad players
FC Vereya players
FC Montana players
Botev Plovdiv players
SFC Etar Veliko Tarnovo players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Russian Premier League players
Russian First League players
Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Bulgarian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Russia |
Alix Joffroy (16 December 1844, in Stainville – 24 November 1908) was a French neurologist and psychiatrist remembered for describing Joffroy's sign. He studied in Paris, earning his doctorate in 1873, becoming médecin des hôpitaux in 1879 and agrégé in 1880. He worked at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital from 1885 and succeeded Benjamin Ball as professor of clinical psychiatry in 1893.
Jean-Martin Charcot encouraged him to study neurology, and together they demonstrated atrophy of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord in poliomyelitis in 1869.
See also
A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière
External links
French neurologists
French psychiatrists
1844 births
1908 deaths |
Inspire is the second studio album by Australian recording artist Jack Vidgen, also the winner of the fifth season of Australia's Got Talent.
It was released on 27 April 2012. Vidgen's voice had also broken in the time between his debut album and Inspire, making it sound noticeably deeper.
Track listing
Charts
References
2012 albums
Jack Vidgen albums |
The Cochrane River is a short river of Chile located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region. It is the outlet of Cochrane Lake and empties into the Baker River. The town of Cochrane is situated along the river.
The Cochrane River was named after Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald who served in the Chilean Navy during the war of independence.
See also
List of rivers of Chile
External links
Rivers of Chile website Cochrane River
Cochrane
Rivers of Aysén Region |
Advanced maternal age, in a broad sense, is the instance of a woman being of an older age at a stage of reproduction, although there are various definitions of specific age and stage of reproduction.
The variability in definitions is in part explained by the effects of increasing age occurring as a continuum rather than as a threshold effect.
Average age at first childbirth has been increasing, especially in OECD countries, among which the highest average age is 32.6 years (South Korea) followed by 32.1 years (Ireland and Spain).
In a number of European countries (Spain), the mean age of women at first childbirth has crossed the 30 year threshold.
This process is not restricted to Europe. Asia, Japan and the United States are all seeing average age at first birth on the rise, and increasingly the process is spreading to countries in the developing world such as China, Turkey and Iran. In the U.S., the average age of first childbirth was 26.9 in 2018.
Advanced maternal age is associated with adverse reproductive effects such as increased risk of infertility, and that the children have chromosomal abnormalities. The corresponding paternal age effect is less pronounced.
History
Having children later was not exceptional in the past, when families were larger and women often continued bearing children until the end of their reproductive age. What is so radical about this recent transformation is that it is the age at which women give birth to their first child, which is becoming comparatively high, leaving an ever more constricted window of biological opportunity for second and subsequent children, should they be desired. Unsurprisingly, high first-birth ages and high rates of birth postponement are associated with the arrival of low, and lowest-low fertility.
This association has now become especially clear, since the postponement of first births in a number of countries has now continued unabated for more than three decades and has become one of the most prominent characteristics of fertility patterns in developed societies. A variety of authors (in particular, Lesthaeghe) have argued that fertility postponement constitutes the "hallmark" of what has become known as the “second demographic transition”.
Others have proposed that the postponement process itself constitutes a separate "third transition".
On this latter view, modern developed societies exhibit a kind of dual fertility pattern, with the majority of births being concentrated either among very young or increasingly older mothers. This is sometimes known as the “rectangularisation” of fertility patterns.
Examples
In the USA, the average age at which women bore their first child advanced from 21.4 years old in 1970 to 26.9 in 2018.
The German Federal Institute for Population Research claimed in 2015 the percentage for women with an age of at least 35 giving birth to a child was 25.9%. This figure rose from 7.6% in 1981.
Possible factors that influence childbearing age
There are many factors that may influence childbearing age in women, although they are mostly correlations without certain causations. For instance, older maternal age at first childbirth is associated with higher educational attainment and income.
Two studies show that generous parental leave allowances in Britain encourage young motherhood and that parental-leave allowance reduces postponement in Sweden.
Effects
Decreased fertility
A woman's fertility peaks lasts during the twenties and first half of thirties, after which it starts to decline, with advanced maternal age causing an increased risk of female infertility.
According to Henri Leridon, PhD, an epidemiologist with the French Institute of Health and Medical Research, of women trying to get pregnant, without using fertility drugs or in vitro fertilization:
Risk of birth defects
A woman's risk of having a baby with chromosomal abnormalities increases with her age. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal birth defect, and a woman's risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is:
Risk of having a baby with Down syndrome
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Other effects
Advanced maternal age is associated with adverse outcomes in the perinatal period, which may be caused by detrimental effects on decidual and placental development.
The risk of the mother dying before the child becomes an adult increases by more advanced maternal age, such as can be demonstrated by the following data from France in 2007:
The above table is not to be confused with maternal mortality.
Advanced maternal age continues to be associated with a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, pre-term birth, stillbirth, unexplained fetal death, and increased rates of Caesarean section. However, over time, improvements in (and improvements in access to) medical services and social resources have decreased the negative association between older maternal age and low birth weight.
On the other hand, advanced maternal age is associated with a more stable family environment, higher socio-economic position, higher income and better living conditions, as well as better parenting practices (including better disciplinary methods). A qualitative study on couples in the United States who used in-vitro fertilization to conceive their first child when the woman was aged 40 or older at the time of delivery found that 72% of the women and 57% of the men believed that they had enhanced emotional preparedness for parenting which benefitted both their children and themselves. In quantitative studies, mother’s older age at first birth has been associated with increases in children’s psychiatric health, language skills, cognitive ability, and fewer social and emotional difficulties. Further, a study in the United Kingdom showed that older maternal age at first birth was associated with fewer hospital admissions and fewer unintentional injuries for children up to age 5 and a greater likelihood of having had all of their immunizations by 9 months of age – all outcomes used as indicators of child wellbeing in reports from the World Health Organisation. Finally, although older maternal age doesn’t necessarily imply older paternal age, researchers have suggested links between older paternal age and improved child outcomes, including increased IQ and educational attainment and increased telomeric length, which is associated with greater longevity. However, it is more or less uncertain whether these entities are effects of advanced maternal age, are contributors to advanced maternal age, or common effects of a certain state such as personality type.
Changes in interpregnancy interval
Kalberer et al. have shown that despite the older maternal age at birth of the first child, the time span between the birth of the first and the second child (the interpregnancy interval) decreased over the last decades. If purely biological factors were at work, it could be argued that interpregnancy interval should have increased, as fertility declines with age, which would make it harder for the woman to get a second child after postponed birth of the first one. This not being the case shows that sociologic factors (see above) prime over biological factors in determining interpregnancy interval.
With technology developments cases of post-menopausal pregnancies have occurred, and there are several known cases of older women carrying a pregnancy to term, usually with in vitro fertilization of a donor egg. A 61 year-old Brazilian woman, aided by the implantation of a donor egg, gave birth to twins in October 2012.
Ovarian aging
As women age, they experience a decline in reproductive performance leading to menopause. This decline is tied to a decline in the number of ovarian follicles. Although about 1 million oocytes are present at birth in the human ovary, only about 500 of them (about 0.05%) ovulate, and the rest do not (ovarian follicle atresia). The decline in ovarian reserve appears to occur at a constantly increasing rate with age, and leads to nearly complete exhaustion of the reserve by about age 51. As ovarian reserve and fertility decline with age, there is also a parallel increase in pregnancy failure and meiotic errors resulting in chromosomally abnormal conceptions.
Titus et al. have proposed an explanation for the decline in ovarian reserve with age. They showed that as women age, double-strand breaks accumulate in the DNA of their primordial follicles. Primordial follicles are immature primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells. An enzyme system is present in oocytes that normally accurately repairs DNA double-strand breaks. This repair system is referred to as homologous recombinational repair, and it is especially active during meiosis. Meiosis is the general process by which germ cells are formed in eukaryotes, and it appears to be an adaptation for efficiently removing damages in germ line DNA by homologous recombinational repair (see Origin and function of meiosis). Human primary oocytes are present at an intermediate stage of meiosis, that is prophase I (see Oogenesis). Titus et al. also showed that expression of four key DNA repair genes that are necessary for homologous recombinational repair (BRCA1, MRE11, Rad51 and ATM) decline in oocytes with age. This age-related decline in ability to repair double-strand damages can account for the accumulation of these damages, which then likely contributes to the decline in ovarian reserve.
Women with an inherited mutation in the DNA repair gene BRCA1 undergo menopause prematurely, suggesting that naturally occurring DNA damages in oocytes are repaired less efficiently in these women, and this inefficiency leads to early reproductive failure. Genomic data from about 70,000 women were analyzed to identify protein-coding variation associated with age at natural menopause. Pathway analyses identified a major association with DNA damage response genes, particularly those expressed during meiosis and including a common coding variant in the BRCA1 gene.
See also
Age and female fertility
Childlessness
Fertility factor (demography)
List of countries by age at first marriage
Pregnancy over age 50
Teenage pregnancy
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
Fertility
Midwifery
Motherhood |
```javascript
// Load modules
var Code = require('code');
var Cryptiles = require('..');
var Lab = require('lab');
// Declare internals
var internals = {};
// Test shortcuts
var lab = exports.lab = Lab.script();
var describe = lab.describe;
var it = lab.it;
var expect = Code.expect;
describe('randomString()', function () {
it('should generate the right length string', function (done) {
for (var i = 1; i <= 1000; ++i) {
expect(Cryptiles.randomString(i).length).to.equal(i);
}
done();
});
it('returns an error on invalid bits size', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.randomString(99999999999999999999).message).to.match(/Failed generating random bits/);
done();
});
});
describe('randomBits()', function () {
it('returns an error on invalid input', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.randomBits(0).message).to.equal('Invalid random bits count');
done();
});
});
describe('fixedTimeComparison()', function () {
var a = Cryptiles.randomString(50000);
var b = Cryptiles.randomString(150000);
it('should take the same amount of time comparing different string sizes', function (done) {
var now = Date.now();
Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison(b, a);
var t1 = Date.now() - now;
now = Date.now();
Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison(b, b);
var t2 = Date.now() - now;
expect(t2 - t1).to.be.within(-20, 20);
done();
});
it('should return true for equal strings', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison(a, a)).to.equal(true);
done();
});
it('should return false for different strings (size, a < b)', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison(a, a + 'x')).to.equal(false);
done();
});
it('should return false for different strings (size, a > b)', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison(a + 'x', a)).to.equal(false);
done();
});
it('should return false for different strings (size, a = b)', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison(a + 'x', a + 'y')).to.equal(false);
done();
});
it('should return false when not a string', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison('x', null)).to.equal(false);
done();
});
it('should return false when not a string (left)', function (done) {
expect(Cryptiles.fixedTimeComparison(null, 'x')).to.equal(false);
done();
});
});
``` |
LINC-8 was the name of a minicomputer manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation between 1966 and 1969. It combined a LINC computer with a PDP-8 in one cabinet, thus being able to run programs written for either of the two architectures.
Architecture
The LINC-8 contained one PDP-8 CPU and one LINC CPU, partially emulated by the PDP-8. At any one time, the computer was in either 'LINC mode' or 'PDP-8 mode' - both processors could not run in parallel. Instructions were provided to switch between modes. In the LINC-8, all interrupts were handled by the PDP-8 CPU, and programs that relied on the interrupt architecture of the LINC could not be run.
The LINC was a 12-bit ones' complement accumulator machine, whereas the PDP-8, while also a 12-bit accumulator machine, operated in two's complement arithmetic.
Memory addressing on the two architectures was also different. On the LINC, the full address space was divided into 1024-word segments, two of which were selected for use at any one time: the instruction field and the data field. Direct access of data in the instruction field was possible using 10-bit addresses. The data field could only be indirectly addressed. The Instruction field and Data field are theoretically capable of being chosen from up to 32 areas of 1K 12-bit words each as the maximum architecture is 32K total words. As a practical matter, few LINC-8 systems ever were expanded to 8K total. Memory expansion is accomplished first by adding PDP-8 memory extension hardware and extended memory instructions and a few minor LINC processor modifications to address the memory beyond the basic 4K total. Once this is accomplished, 4K memory "wings" can be added in a daisy-chained buss arrangement, which in theory could be expanded out as many as 7 times to implement the entire 32K. As a practical matter, it is always difficult to implement on the "regular" PDP-8, and, in the case of the LINC-8, it became necessary to slow down the CPU slightly just to add on the first additional 4K.
Thus, as a practical matter, LINC-8 memory segments are limited to segment 0-3, or perhaps 0-7 on the few 8K implementations. However, basic 4K machines cannot address beyond 0-3 while extended memory models could attempt to address segments 0-37 octal even if non-existent memory.
By convention, the segment 0 area is not available for normal fully emulated LINC operations. This is because the PDP-8 program usually known as PROGOFOP is loaded there to handle all interrupts, traps, etc. It is possible to write a program for a "partial" LINC CPU, meaning using only the hardware that actually exists. Whenever an operation is performed that it cannot handle, the PDP-8 operation resumes. However, the LINC operation could have been terminated for a variety of reasons. As such, it is always recommended that PROGOFOP be loaded when attempting to use "complete" LINC programs on this system.
Many operating systems were written for this machine; some were essentially slightly modified versions designed for the original LINC CPU it is partially based on. Bootup conventions allowed an image of a custom version of PROGOFOP to first be loaded, followed by executing tape instructions to load the LINC-based operating system. In some cases, the bootup procedure was accomplished manually right on the LINC console switches; later systems self-started the system after loading PROGOFOP.
Other operating systems are actually more generic and are designed to mostly ignore the LINC side of things. These are PDP-8-only systems, although perhaps custom configured for the vagaries of the specifics of a LINC-8. In some cases, this means that they cannot be run on any other machine; in other cases, the LINC-8 merely represented a normal variation of drivers off of an otherwise non-descript PDP-8 system. An advantage of a PDP-8-based system is that PROGOFOP is superfluous here. If needed, the PDP-8 system could load PROGOFOP as well as a user program primarily LINC-oriented to get at the laboratory peripherals. The LINC convention of the entire first 1K being unavailable reserved for PROGOFOP is exchanged for the far smaller PDP-8 convention of reserving only 07600-07777 or the last 128-word page of the first 4K of the machine. This corresponds to a small reserved area at the end of LINC segment 3 in exchange for much greater overall flexibility.
The PDP-8 divided its memory into 128-word pages. An instruction could reference the current page, that being the page where the instruction itself was located, or page 0, the 128 words of memory at addresses 0-127. Indirect addressing could be used to produce 12-bit addresses. If more than 4K memory is implemented, the indirect addressing is extended to include the Data Field, thus it is possible to access any location indirectly in 32K maximum. Again, hardware limitations of the LINC-8 make it hard to achieve a total size of more than 8K total. Also implemented is the Instruction Field, making it possible to load larger programs into the same addressing space the Data Field controls. Transfer of control can be either direct or indirect as required. The new address is determined by first setting the new Instruction Field value, and then executing a JMP or JMS instruction into the new field's corresponding 12-bit address, thus effecting a 15-bit address overall.
The computer included a number of LINC peripherals, which were controlled by special LINC mode instructions. These devices included analog inputs in the forms of knobs and jacks, relays for control of external equipment, LINCtape drives (the predecessor of the DECtape), an oscilloscope-like cathode ray tube under program control, as well as a Teletype Model 33 ASR. Actually, the CRT is a specially modified unit based on a standard Tektronix oscilloscope modified to only be driven by D-A converters and an intensifier interface; there are no sweep circuits as found in conventional oscilloscopes. Most of the modifications involve custom highly stripped down plug in modules, which also house the actual knobs hooked to the lowest A-D channels. Arguably, this is the precursor to the modern mouse interface; some software utilized knob twirling in a manner that would later suggest the two-dimensional form of a mouse; these are knobs controlling only one parameter at a time, etc.
Some of these peripherals are simulated and are actually peripherals of the PDP-8. Any unimplemented operation stops the LINC CPU and interrupts the PDP-8 processor to handle the specifics. Most notably, the LINCtape is actually a PDP-8 peripheral; the tape class of LINC instructions are trapped and interrupt the PDP-8 which then emulates how a real LINC or PDP-12 would carry out the specifics of the latest tape instruction. Pressing a variety of keys on the seemingly present LINC console all cause PDP-8 interrupts; PROGOFOP is designed to emulate the functions as they would appear on the original LINC.
An interesting feature is the FETCH/EXEC stop, which is implemented in all hardware in the LINC and PDP-12. The hardware, when enabled, continuously monitors instruction execution until specific conditions are met. This will cause a PDP-8 interrupt stalling the LINC program. Simulated console operations can be used to examine memory or make other changes, such as pressing the simulated DO key. The DO key executes any one instruction on the left switch register while the right switch register may have to also be set in the case of double word instructions such as most of the tape class. Booting certain operating systems consists of executing a tape read instruction directly from both sets of switches pressing the simulated DO key followed by pressing the simulated START 20 switch. In essence, the LINC-8 implements all of the functions of the console panel of the "real" LINC, then uses the PDP-8 to simulate most of them.
Purpose
The LINC-8 was built as a laboratory computer. It was small enough to fit in a laboratory environment, provided modest computing power at a low price, and included hardware capabilities necessary to monitor and control experiments.
The LINCtape magnetic tape drive, designed by Wesley A. Clark for the LINC, was suitable for handling in a laboratory environment, and the tapes could be carelessly pocketed, dropped, or even pierced and cut without losing the data stored on them.
Current status
In 1969, DEC improved upon the LINC-8 with the PDP-12, a similar combination computer for lab use, and the LINC-8 was cancelled. Few LINC-8 computers were ever built, numbering only in the low hundreds, and so the model is a rare sight today.
As of 2008, a project to emulate the LINC-8 on modern hardware is underway within the Update computer society at Uppsala University.
References
The PDP-8 FAQ
PDP-8 Summary of Models and Options
External links
Project GreenPea a PDP-12 emulator
DEC minicomputers
Transistorized computers
Computer-related introductions in 1966
12-bit computers |
William Brockman is the name of:
Sir William Brockman (1595–1654), military leader during the English civil war
William Locke Brockman (1802–1872), settler and politician in Western Australia
William H. Brockman Jr. (1904–1979), U.S. Navy officer |
Manakula Vinayagar Temple is a Ganesha temple in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India. Dedicated to the god Ganesa, it is a popular pilgrimage site and tourist destination in Puducherry. The temple is of considerable antiquity and predates French occupation of the territory. During the tenure of Dupleix, there were attempts to destroy the temple, but it was spared owing to strong protests from the Hindu population and the threat of British and Maratha invasion of the territory.
Location
The Manakula Vinayagar Temple is one of the ancient temples in Puducherry, a Union Territory situated in the southern part of the Indian sub-continent. The temple is 400 meters West of the Bay of Bengal, 165 km South of Chennai (Capital of Tamil Nadu State), 23 km of North of Cuddalore and 35 km East of Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu. The main deity of this temple, "Manakula Vinayagar" (Pranavamurthy), is facing east. The temple was once bordered on the east side by Orlean Street (Now Manakula Vinayagar Koil Street), south by Jawaharlal Nehru Street, north by Law-de-Louristhon street and west by a canal running north–south.
Temple was renovated in 2015.
It is highly frequented by tourists, being just 10 minutes walk from the famous beach road facing the Promenade Beach of Pondicherry.
Specialty
The Manakula Vinayagar Temple, in Puducherry, is a grand and beautiful temple, dedicated to the Hindu lord Ganesha. Puducherry might be a place full of churches but Manakula Vinayagar Temple is highly coveted among Hindu devotees and tourists, traveling from all parts of the country. Being more than 500 years old, it has an illustrious history and is one of the oldest temples in the region.
The temple derives its name from two Tamil words Manal meaning 'sand' and Kulam meaning 'pond near the sea'. The temple was known by the name Manal Kulathu Vinayagar earlier. A number of festivals and celebrations are conducted at the temple all throughout the year, yet Brahmothsavam, a 24-day long festival, is the most important one.
While we have not heard of a night shrine for Vinayaka in any temple, there is one in the Manakula Vinayagar temple. He stays here with his consorts. The idol taken to this shrine, called Palliarai, will have the feet part alone. Vinayaka on the Well: The stage (peetam) set for the God is in a well which many may not know. This may be a well or even a tank. A six-inch radius pit runs on the left side of the peetam, the depth of which could not be measured and it is always full.
Golden Chariot
The golden chariot was made purely on the basis of collection of donations from the devotees. The total weight of the gold used in this chariot is 7.5 kg with the estimate of around Rs.35 lakhs. The height & breadth of the chariot is 10 ft & 6 ft. The chariot was fully made up in teakwood covered by copper plates duly engraved with beautiful art works and the plates duly attached with golden rakes. At first the running of the said Golden Chariot was held on 05-10-2003 in a grand manner. At present most of the devotees are very much interested to fulfill their prayer by pulling the Golden chariot inside the temple on payment of fixed fees. Once in year i.e. on Vijayadhasami day the said Golden Chariot run outside of the temple i.e. only in the maada veedhis.
Thollaikkathu Siddar
Nearly 300 years before a saint (referred as Siddar in Tamil language) standing 6ft tall said to have got enlightenment from this deity and attained Samadhi in this temple. From then on people bring their new born here for worship before going to any other temple.
Scholar works about the temple
Mahan Vanna Sarabam Dhandapani Swamigal has sung Sthothira Parthigam on Lord Manakula Vinayaga Peruman.
Sri V. M. Subramania Iyer has written "Puduvai Manakula Vinayagar Suprapatham."
Also some 100 years back Puduvai Mahavidvan Sri P. A. Ponnuswamy has written "Manakula Vinayagar Nanmani Malai" for which Tamil teacher Sri Ellapillai has written a support poem "Vedapuriyil Vilangum Mankulthu Nathan".
Puduvai Nellithope Sri G. Ramanuja Chettiar has written and released in "Sri Manakula Vinayagar Parthigam".
Subramania Bharathi has sung about Manakula Vinayagar in "Vinayaga Naanmani Maalai"
Gallery
Notes
External links
Manakula Vinayagar Temple Info
Hindu temples in Puducherry
Ganesha temples
Buildings and structures in Pondicherry (city) |
Winnipeg is a very large city in Canada and the capital of the province of Manitoba.
Winnipeg may also refer to:
Winnipeg (electoral district), a former federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada
Lake Winnipeg, a large lake in Manitoba
Winnipeg River, a river flowing into Lake Winnipeg
Winnipeg Capital Region, Manitoba, a region of Manitoba in the Red River Valley
Winnipeg Junction, Minnesota, a community in the United States
Winnipeg, Missouri, a community in the United States
Winnipeg (bear), a Canadian black bear and the namesake for Winnie the Pooh
, a Canadian frigate.
Winnipeg (ship), the name of a ship which arrived at Valparaíso, Chile, on 3 September 1939 with 2,200 Spanish immigrants |
War Memorials Trust works for the protection and conservation of war memorials in the UK. The charity provides free information and advice as well as administering grant schemes for the repair and conservation of war memorials.
War Memorials Trust works with other organisations such as Historic England and Historic Environment Scotland to better safeguard the future of war memorials in both their social and historical context.
Objectives
The charity's five objectives are:
To improve the condition of war memorials, in their historic design and setting, to support their long-term preservation in-line with best conservation practice
To increase the understanding of best conservation practice including how to maintain, protect, repair and conserve war memorials appropriately as well as raise awareness of the support available from War Memorials Trust
To enhance public engagement with, and the recognition of local responsibility for, war memorials
To sustain access to grant funding to support repair and conservation works in-line with best conservation practice
To increase the money raised by the charity to deliver its vision to protect and conserve war memorials
History
War Memorials Trust was registered as a charity on 7 May 1997. It was originally known as Friends of War Memorials. Sir Donald Thompson, then MP for Calderdale, Winston S Churchill, grandson of the wartime prime minister, and Ian Davidson, a former royal marine, were amongst those involved in founding the charity. Sir Donald Thompson became the director-general of the charity and Winston S Churchill the president.
The trust's charity deed outlines the aim "to educate the public and to foster patriotism and good citizenship by remembering those who have fallen in war by preserving and maintaining war memorials."
At the end of 2004 the trustees of the charity decided upon a new name, War Memorials Trust, to replace Friends of War Memorials. The change came into effect in January 2005, along with a change of logo.
Conservation advice
War Memorials Trust has a conservation team who provide free advice about war memorial issues. In 2017 and 2018 the charity dealt with 367 new cases and 1,005 general enquiries.
Cases that the trust has recently been involved with include:
Warehorne Providence Chapel war memorial - when the Chapel closed War Memorials Trust assisted by temporarily taking the war memorial into storage while a new location was identified. n. The charity funded repair and conservation works totalling £6,650 to improve the condition to give it a better chance of securing a new home. In 2017, Ashford Borough Museum agreed to display the memorial and it was installed in April 2018.
Poole Park – a Regional Volunteer highlighted concerns to the council in 2007 about the condition of their war memorial. After correspondence, site visits and extensive advice a £31,280 grant through the Grants for War Memorials Memorials scheme funding by The Wolfson Foundation towards repair and conservation works was paid in 2019.
Grant schemes
War Memorials Trust administers grant schemes which between them cover the whole of the UK. These grants are for the repair and conservation of war memorials. In 2017 the trust's work as a funder was recognised when it won the DSC's Great Giving Funder Award.
Record levels of grant funding were awarded during the centenary of World War I. This was mainly due to both the UK and Scottish government's recognition of the trust's expertise which meant the additional centenary funding for war memorials was administered by the charity.
The Centenary Memorials Restoration Fund was funded by Historic Environment Scotland and the Scottish government. Between 2013 and 2019 it distributed £1 million to support 154 projects across Scotland. Across the UK the department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport supported the First World War Memorials Programme a partnership between Civic Voice, Historic England, Imperial War Museums and War Memorials Trust to support war memorials. Through War Memorials Trust £2 million was allocated to repair and conservation projects as communities used the centenary to ensure their war memorials were being conserved for future generations. The charity received a further £1 million to provide the staff and resources required to ensure that all works undertaken followed best conservation practice minimising the potential of damage to the historic fabric as people are often unaware of the potential problems that can be caused if materials such as stone and metal are treated incorrectly.
Following the end of the centenary War Memorials Trust will continue to sustain grant programmes but the scale will fall significantly as the centenary funding ends.
Projects funded by the trust include:
Isle of Lewis war memorial is an 85 ft Scots Baronial Tower commemorating 1,151 Lewismen from World War I. It received the largest grant War Memorials Trust had ever given - £132,100 towards extensive repair and conservation works.
Welsh National War Memorial, Cardiff - a grant of £29,720 assisted specialist cleaning and repair works to the stonework, lead roof and fountain.
Brookeborough, County Fermanagh is a carved, limestone memorial surmounted by a sculpture of a lion. It was built to remember the fallen of the Boer War with the names of the fallen of both World Wars added later. War Memorials Trust awarded a grant of £7,460 towards conservation and repair works.
Projects and campaigns
War Memorials Online
This website aims to create a greater understanding of the condition of war memorials across the UK. By gathering statistics on the condition of memorials War Memorials Trust is able to direct resources efficiently, support custodians and focus on memorials in ‘Poor' or ‘Very bad' condition. The site is user-driven, allowing contributors to create and update records with photographs, comments and condition reports. In 2019, the site had over 40,000 records.
In Memoriam 2014
In Memoriam 2014 is a partnership between War Memorials Trust and the SmartWater Foundation to protect war memorials with metal elements from theft and damage by marking them with a forensic liquid called SmartWater.
Councils that have taken advantage of the scheme include:
Stockton Council
Fylde Council
Ashfield District Council
Walsall Council
Nottinghamshire County Council
Derby City Council
Ellesmere Town Council
Sutton Council
First World War Memorials Programme
This partnership Programme, supported by the UK government through the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, was composed of Civic Voice, Historic England, Imperial War Museums and War Memorials Trust. The Programme aimed to improve public engagement with their war memorials throughout the centenary of the First World War, as well as to encourage repair and conservation works.
War Memorials Officer campaign
In November 2010, the trust launched a campaign to identify a War Memorials Officer (WMO) at each local authority in the UK. A WMO is the main point of contact at that council regarding war memorial issues for the public and the trust. By the end of 2015-16, 290 War Memorials Officers had been identified. With the end of the centenary of World War I the project was ended as the charity lacked the administrative resources to sustain it as contacts changed so frequently.
Learning programme
In August 2011 War Memorials Trust launched its youth focused Learning Programme, ‘We will always remember.' The aim of this programme was to build a greater understanding of war memorial heritage among young people so that they could continue to protect war memorials in the future as custodians. The Learning Programme provided National Curriculum linked lesson materials for primary and secondary school teachers, and offered talks or assemblies for schools and youth groups such as Scouts, Cadets and Duke of Edinburgh Award participants. In 2019, the Learning Programme officially ended due to a lack of resources, though War Memorials Trust continues to maintain the ‘We will always remember' website to promote its educational work.
Membership
War Memorials Trust has a membership consisting of individuals and organisations. On 31 March 2018 the charity had 2,641 members (2017: 2,679).
Volunteering
Regional volunteers undertake a range of activities such as monitoring the condition of local war memorials and reporting those at risk to the trust, researching and applying for the listing of war memorials and promoting the charity by giving talks and organising events. War Memorials Trust had 149 Regional Volunteers throughout the UK on 31 March 2018 (2017: 122).
See also
War memorials
Scottish war memorials
Commonwealth War Graves Commission
War Memorials Register
American War Memorials Overseas
References
External links
War Memorials Online
In Memoriam 2014 website
Learning website - We will always remember
War Memorials Trust, Registered charity no. 1062255, at the Charity Commission
Aftermath of war
Military monuments and memorials
1997 establishments in the United Kingdom
Historic preservation |
Censuses in Ukraine () is a sporadic event that since 2001 has been conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine under the jurisdiction of the Government of Ukraine.
History
The first steps
The first official census in the territory of Ukraine took place in 1818 when Western Ukraine was part of the Austrian Empire. However a modern census did not take place until 1857. Since then the next censuses took place in the dual-power state of the Austria-Hungary in 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910. Those last five censuses also included the territory of the today Zakarpattia Oblast which was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The further censuses discontinued as the country fell apart. The rest of Ukraine which was part of Russian Empire conducted its first census as part of the 1897 Russian Census. The next national census in Russia did not take place until after World War I and the formation of the Soviet Union. A city-census of Kyiv took place in March 1919, after the Bolsheviks occupied the city. In 1920, a census was conducted only in those areas of Ukraine that were not involved in the Russian Civil War.
Interwar censuses
The next census conducted in most of the territory of Western Ukraine (Eastern Galicia) was the Polish census of 1921, while the 1921 Czechoslovakia Census took place on the territory of the Zakarpattia Oblast. In 1930 another census took place in both regions as part of their respective national censuses that were conducted in the same year. Also the area of today Chernivtsi Oblast saw its first national census in 1930 for the first time since the last one that was conducted in the Austria-Hungary in 1910, while the area of Budjak of today Odessa Oblast along with the rest of Bessarabia had the Russian demographic statistic data back from 1897. Already during the World War II one more census took place in 1941 in Hungary which previously sacked and occupied the territory of Carpatho-Ukraine (today Zakarpattia Oblast). As it was mentioned before, the first national Russian Census since 1897 took place only in 1926 as part of the First All-Union Census in the USSR. The next census in the Soviet Union took place in 1937, but it was recognized as unofficial and was never disclosed. The census was also recognized as a conspiracy against the Soviet regime. Just before the World War II in 1939, the Soviet Union conducted another census that was accepted as the official one.
Post-War censuses
After World War II, Ukraine was united in its current borders (including Crimea) and within the Soviet Union. The first Soviet Census after the war took place in 1959, followed by three more in 1970, 1979 and 1989. The next planned census never took place as the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.
Post-Soviet
The first (and so far only) national census of Ukraine took place in 2001. It was originally planned that the next one would follow in 2010, but it was postponed until 2020. In April 2020 Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers Oleh Nemchinov said there would be no census in 2020 and probably not in 2021. Nemchinov said in December 2020 that the next census was planned for 2023.
Following the full scale 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the census was postponed to an unknown date after this war has finished.
Summary
Western Ukraine under Poland, 1921–1931
References
External links
Historical information on the website of the Ukrainian Census
Official website of the Ukrainian Census
2001 Census of Ukraine
List of all censuses of the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and Russian Federation at "Demoscope Weekly". Demography Institute of the National Research University "The Highest School of Economics"
Demographics of Ukraine
Ukraine |
Chris Hansen (born 7 May 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy and Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Hansen was originally from Old Trinity Grammarians and won the Woodrow Medal in 1976. A defender, Hansen often played on the tall opposition forward. He was at Fitzroy for six seasons, making 101 appearances, followed by a two-season stint at Footscray, before retiring to work as a lawyer.
References
1956 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Fitzroy Football Club players
Western Bulldogs players
20th-century Australian lawyers
Living people |
Dritëro Agolli (13 October 1931 – 3 February 2017) was an Albanian poet, writer and politician. He studied in Leningrad in the Soviet Union, and wrote primarily poetry, but also short stories, essays, plays, and novels. He was head of the League of Writers and Artists of Albania from 1973 until 1992. He was a leading figure in the Albanian Communist nomenklatura.
Biography
Agolli was born to a Bektashi peasant family in Menkulas in the Devoll District near PMS and finished high school in Gjirokastër in 1952. He later studied at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Leningrad and took up journalism upon his return to Albania, working for the daily newspaper Zëri i Popullit () for 15 years. Agolli was also a deputy in the Albanian Parliament.
Beginnings as a poet
Agolli first was a poet. His early verse collections were I went out on the street (, Tirana 1958), My steps on the pavement (, Tirana 1961), and Mountain paths and sidewalks (, Tirana 1965).
Prose attempts
As a prose writer, Agolli first wrote the novel Commissar Memo (, Tirana 1970), translated in English as The bronze bust, Tirana 1975. Agolli's second novel, The man with the cannon (, Tirana 1975) translated into English in 1983, takes up the partisan theme from a different angle.
After these two novels of partisan heroism, Agolli produced his satirical Splendour and fall of comrade Zylo (, Tirana 1973). Comrade Zylo is a well-meaning but incompetent apparatchik, a director of an obscure government cultural affairs department. His pathetic vanity, his quixotic fervour, his grotesque public behaviour, his splendour and fall, are all recorded in ironic detail by his hard-working and more astute subordinate and friend Demkë who serves as a neutral observer. Comrade Zylo is a universal figure, to be found in any society or age, and critics have been quick to draw parallels ranging from Daniel Defoe and Nikolay Gogol’s Revizor to Franz Kafka and Milan Kundera's Zert. Splendour and fall of comrade Zylo first appeared in 1972 in the Tirana satirical journal Hosteni () and was published the following year in monograph form.
Albanian League of Writers and Artists
Agolli was head of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists from 1973 until 1992. He was a leading figure in the Albanian Communist nomenklatura.
From the 1960s until the Communist regime collapsed in the early 1990s, the League accused Albanian writers it deemed guilty of neglecting their responsibility as Communists to reflect the literary style of Socialist Realism in their writings and thereby advance the goals of the Communist Party; some writers were arrested, and either imprisoned for many years or shot, and others were hounded by the state secret police and suffered attacks. Kasem Trebeshina was imprisoned, Pjetër Arbnori (also called Albanian Mandela) was re-convicted in prison for his literary anti-communist work and imprisoned from ages 26 to 54, Bilal Xhaferri was expelled, exiled in communist gulags, and forced to flee to the U.S., Vilson Blloshmi was shot, and many others who were persecuted in many ways. Some survived, such as the poet Xhevahir Spahiu and the writer Ismail Kadare, who ultimately defected to France to escape the regime and its Sigurimi secret police, and thereafter won the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca, the Herder Prize, the Man Booker International Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award, the Jerusalem Prize, the Park Kyong-ni Prize, and the Neustadt International Prize for Literature.
The 1990s
In the early 1990s, he was a member of Parliament for the Socialist Party of Albania. He also founded the Dritëro Publishing Company and published new prose and poetry.
Agolli wrote throughout the 1990s. He has verse collections: The time beggar (, Tirana 1995), The spirit of our forefathers (, Tirana 1996), The strange man approaches (, Tirana 1996), Ballad for my father and myself (, Tirana 1997), Midnight notebook (, Tirana 1998), and The distant bell (, Tirana 1998). Among volumes of prose are: the short story collection Insane people (, Tirana 1995); The naked horseman (, Tirana 1996), and The devil's box (, Tirana 1997).
Agolli, who was a heavy smoker all his adult life, died from pulmonary disease on 3 February 2017 in Tirana at the age of 85.
Legacy
Though Agolli was a leading figure in the Albanian Communist nomenklatura, he is still widely read in Albania.
Bibliography
Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë (2008) (in Albanian), Fjalor Enciklopedik Shqiptar (Albanian encyclopedia), Tirana,
Robert Elsie, Historical Dictionary of Albania, New Edition, 2004,
Shefki Hysa, "The Diplomacy of self-denial" (Diplomacia e vetëmohimit), publicistic, Tirana, 2008,
Namik Selmani, "Salute from Chameria" publicistic, (2009), Tirana,
References
External links
Poetry by Dritëro Agolli
1931 births
2017 deaths
Albanian novelists
People from Devoll (municipality)
20th-century Albanian poets
21st-century Albanian poets
Bektashi Order
20th-century Albanian politicians
21st-century Albanian politicians
Respiratory disease deaths in Albania |
The Erie Federal Courthouse and Post Office, also known as Erie Federal Courthouse, in Erie, Pennsylvania, is a complex of buildings that serve as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, and house other federal functions. The main courthouse building was built in 1937 in Moderne architecture style. It served historically as a courthouse, as a post office, and as a government office building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
By the late 1980s, the federal courts needed more space to effectively serve the public. To resolve the space shortage, the General Services Administration undertook a bold plan to purchase, restore, and adaptively use two adjacent historic buildings: the Main Library and the Isaac Baker & Son Clothing Store. The existing courthouse was rehabilitated and two additions were constructed. Each of the buildings in the complex is of a different architectural style.
Building history
1887 Courthouse
The first United States courthouse in Erie had been constructed at this location in 1888 under the supervision of Mifflin E. Bell., also in the service of the Western District of Pennsylvania. This building also served as a post office. It was demolished to make way for the existing 1938 courthouse.
Buildings of the modern courthouse complex
The 1938 courthouse was designed by Rudolph Stanley-Brown, a Cleveland architect who was the grandson of President James A. Garfield. Built during the Great Depression with funds from New Deal programs, its construction provided local jobs. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. However, the Erie Public Library, completed in 1899 and incorporated into the United States Courthouse complex in the 1980s, is the oldest building in the complex. The Library was designed by the firm of Alden & Harlow of Pittsburgh, and was individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
The 1947 Baker Building was originally a clothing store. Isaac Baker and Son established its first store in the 1850s at another downtown location. When fire destroyed an earlier building, the proprietor hired Erie architect Walter Monahan and consulting architect George Mayer of Cleveland to design a new building. Construction of the building occurred during the period 1943-1946 by the Henry Shenk Company, a prominent Erie general contractor. Shenk had constructed the adjacent Erie Library, over 40 years earlier, and his company was quite large when it began constructing the Baker Building. Work was stopped on the building shortly after it began, because of the constrictions imposed by World War II; however, it resumed in 1945 and was substantially completed in 1946. The Baker Building was also determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
The new portions are the Courthouse Annex and the Connector, which unite the annex, library, and courthouse. Both are clearly modern. The design and restoration was completed in 2004 by DPK&A Architects and Kingsland Scott Bauer Associates.
Architecture
The courthouse complex overlooks Perry Square, a park named to honor Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry. Other major buildings front the square, creating a monumental town center. The buildings that now comprise the courthouse complex have distinct architectural styles.
Main Library
The Erie Public Library combines elements of the Beaux Arts Classicism and Second Renaissance Revival styles of architecture. Both were commonly used at the end of the nineteenth century to convey the importance of public buildings.
1937 courthouse
The 1938 courthouse was designed in the Stripped Classical style, which was commonly used for Federal buildings constructed during the Great Depression. The building has the monumental scale and form of earlier classically inspired Federal architecture, but lavish ornamentation commonly found on buildings from previous eras is stripped away. The building is clad in Indiana limestone with polished black granite accenting the building base and entrance area. Carved soapstone panels with a Greek key motif are on the second level. On the interior, the vestibules, lobbies, and corridors are clad with blue terra-cotta wainscot. Ceramic tile floors are bordered with another Greek key pattern. Two original courtrooms remain and are elaborately finished with paneled wood wainscot. Two related sculptures entitled "American Youth" flank the courtrooms. Completed by sculptor Henry Kreis shortly after the building was completed, the minimal forms are compatible with the architectural style of the courthouse.
Baker Building
The Baker Building is a two-story Moderne style building, situated on the northeast corner of State and Seventh Streets. The Baker Building is one of the best surviving examples of the Art Moderne style of architecture found in Erie. It displays all of the character-defining features of the style, including rounded corners, curved glass-block panels, a metal canopy, and a flat roof. The façade is clad in buff-colored brick and is smooth and devoid of ornamentation, also common characteristics. Because of these significant architectural features, the Baker Building was integrated into the plan for the complex as a U.S. Post Office, although a portion of the rear was demolished.
Its massing is horizontal and rectangular, with a juxtaposed rounded corner facing the intersection. This is the focus of the building and it contains the sign "BAKER'S" at the top of the parapet, and the recessed entrance doors at street level. The corner of the building is supported on two black marble columns that contain flanking, recessed, curved display windows. The curving, horizontal lines of the corner are further reinforced with a cantilevered, brush-chrome canopy that starts on the east elevation and sweeps around to the north elevation. The center of the second floor at the rounded corner is articulated with a large, square, glass block opening that is backlit with vertical fluorescent lights. Elsewhere, the exterior of the building is devoid of ornamentation, except for several additional glass block openings on the second floor.
The plan of the shop utilizes strategically placed curved partitions to draw the shopper's eye deep into the store. Mezzanines, balconies, and two-story spaces are also positioned to break up the uniformity of the space and provide transition from a room on one level to other rooms on other levels. In addition, balcony railings are long and curving, and subtly evoke a nautical image.
The front (west) portion of the shop contains a rounded, two story entrance space that contains a second floor balcony from to gaze down, while upstairs. Directly behind this space is a retail area that contains, on its east end, a multilevel stairway designed to permits shoppers to climb a full flight up to the second floor above, or half a flight down or up to the retail areas in the rear of the store. Support spaces for tailoring, fitting, offices, and air handling were situated around the perimeter of the store. Aside from a small sign on the top of the cantilevered canopy, very little has changed in the building. The curving entrance on the corner, accentuated with the glass block, and the curved, multilevel spaces inside the building, were only been minimally altered during the nearly five decades of commercial use. These features are distinctive, and combine to illustrate the Moderne style in its complete form.
The Moderne style of commercial architecture was not prominent in Erie, and no other examples known to survive display the level of completeness and intactness exhibited by the Baker Building.
Significant events
1899: Library completed
1938: U.S Courthouse completed
1947: Baker Building completed
1979: Library listed in the National Register of Historic Places
1993: Courthouse listed in the National Register of Historic Places
2004: Construction and restoration of new U.S. Courthouse complex completed
Building facts
Location: Bounded by South Park Row, State Street, 7th Street, and French Street
Architects:
Library: Alden & Harlow;
Federal Building: Rudolph Stanley-Brown;
Baker Building: Walter Monahan and George Mayer;
Connector and Annex: DPK&A Architects and Kingsland Scott Bauer Associates
Construction Dates:
Library: 1899;
Federal Building: 1938;
Baker Building: 1947;
Connector and Annex: 2004
Landmark Status: Library and Federal Building listed in the National Register of Historic Places; Baker Building eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
Architectural Styles:
Library: Beaux Arts Classicism and Second Renaissance Revival;
Federal Building: Stripped Classical;
Baker Building: Art Moderne;
Connector and Annex: Modern Contemporary
Primary Materials:
Library: Pompeian Red Brick;
Federal Building: Indiana Limestone;
Baker Building: Buff-Colored Brick;
Connector and Annex: Glass and Indiana Limestone;
Prominent Features:
Library: Rotunda with Murals;
Federal Building: Austere Facade;
Baker Building: Curved Facade;
Connector and Annex: Steel and 35' Glass Windows with Geometric Patterns
See also
List of United States federal courthouses
National Register of Historic Places listings in Erie County, Pennsylvania
Attribution
References
External links
Erie Division (W.D. Pa.)
[ National Register of Historic Places nomination form]
Beaux-Arts architecture in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Erie, Pennsylvania
Courthouses in Pennsylvania
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Federal courthouses in the United States
Government buildings completed in 1937
Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
Moderne architecture in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Erie County, Pennsylvania
Post office buildings in Pennsylvania
Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Streamline Moderne architecture in Pennsylvania |
The Cerovo mine is a large copper mine located in the east of Serbia in Bor District. Cerovo represents one of the largest copper reserve in Serbia and in the world having estimated reserves of 325.5 million tonnes of ore grading 0.36% copper.
References
Copper mines in Serbia |
Amani Askari Toomer (born September 8, 1974) is an American former professional football player who spent his entire career as a wide receiver and punt returner for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He registered over 1,000 receiving yards each season from 1999 to 2003, was a member of the 2007 Giants team that won Super Bowl XLII, and holds Giants' club records with 9,497 receiving yards, 668 receptions, and 54 receiving touchdowns. He also returned 109 punts for 1,060 yards and three touchdowns. As a rookie in 1996, he led the NFL with an average of 16.6 yards on 18 punt returns.
Toomer played college football at the University of Michigan from 1992 to 1995. In 1994, he broke the school's single-season record with 1,096 receiving yards and was a finalist for the Biletnikoff Award and a first-team All-Big Ten honoree. Toomer finished his college career ranked second (now fourth) in Michigan history with 2,657 receiving yards.
Early years
Toomer was born in Berkeley, California, in 1974. His first name, "Amani", is Swahili for peace, and his middle name, "Askari", is Swahili for policeman. Toomer's father, Donald Toomer, played college football for Woody Hayes at Ohio State. His uncle is comedian George Wallace. Toomer began playing Pee-Wee Football as a lineman for the Berkeley Cougars and as a receiver, kicker, punter, linebacker, and running back for the Richmond Steelers.
Toomer attended De La Salle High School in Concord, California. As a football player at De La Salle, Toomer was selected as a Parade All-American and a USA Today All-USA player.
University of Michigan
Toomer enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1992 and played college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1992 to 1995. As a freshman and sophomore in 1992 and 1993, he started only three games (two in 1992 and one in 1993) and was principally used as a backup to the team's #1 receiver, Derrick Alexander. Toomer caught 16 passes for 238 yards in 1992 and 29 passes for 565 yards in 1993.
1994 season
As a junior in 1994, Toomer did not start any games for Michigan, as Mercury Hayes was the starting flanker in all 12 games. Despite technically being a "backup" to Hayes, Toomer in 1994 broke Jack Clancy's single-season Michigan record with 1,096 receiving yards. With Todd Collins at quarterback, Toomer was the 1994 Wolverines' leading receiver with 54 receptions for 1,096 yards, an average of 20.3 yards per reception. Toomer also finished the season as the Big Ten Conference's leading receiver with an average of 93.9 receiving yards per game. He had a career-high 179 receiving yards, including touchdown receptions of 46 and 38 yards, in the Wolverines' 1994 season-opening victory over Boston College. He also returned a punt 72 yards for a touchdown against Illinois. Toomer was a finalist for the Biletnikoff Award in 1994 and was selected by both the conference coaches and media as a first-team wide receiver on the 1994 All-Big Ten team.
1995 season
As a senior, Toomer finally became a starter, starting 12 games at split end for the 1995 Michigan team. However, Toomer was routinely double-teamed in 1995, opening the way for Mercury Hayes to lead the team in both receptions and receiving yardage. Toomer finished the 1995 season with 44 receptions for 758 yards and seven touchdowns. He had his best game of the season in a 52–17 victory over Minnesota, catching five passes for 174 yards and two touchdowns, including a career-long 75-yard touchdown reception from Brian Griese.
College career overview
In four seasons at Michigan, Toomer had 124 receptions for 2,144 yards (17.3 per catch) and 12 receiving touchdowns. He finished his college career ranked second (now fourth) in Michigan history with 2,657 receiving yards. Toomer was also used as a punt and kick returner at Michigan. He returned 46 punts for 384 yards (8.3 yards per return) and two touchdowns. He also returned 14 kickoffs for 306 yards (21.9 yards per return).
Professional football
Return specialist: 1996–1998
Toomer was selected by the New York Giants in the second round (34th overall pick) of the 1996 NFL Draft. In July 1996, he signed a three-year contract with the Giants providing a $670,000 signing bonus and salaries of $269,000 in 1996, $336,000 in 1997, and $403,000 in 1998.
In his first three seasons with the Giants, Toomer was principally used as a punt and kickoff returner. In his first NFL game, the opening game of the 1996 season, Toomer set a Giants' record with an 87-yard punt return for a touchdown against the Buffalo Bills. He returned a second punt for a touchdown that season against the Philadelphia Eagles, before injuring his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and spending the rest of the season on injured reserve. Toomer led the NFL in 1996 with an average of 16.1 yards on 19 punt returns.
During the 1997 season, Toomer appeared in all 16 games for the Giants and returned 47 punts for 455 yards, an average of 9.7 yards per return. He registered his third punt return touchdown. He also caught his first touchdown pass on November 16, 1997, a 56-yard reception from Danny Kanell against the Arizona Cardinals.
In 1998, Toomer again appeared in all 16 games for the Giants. He returned 35 punts for 252 yards, an average of 7.1 yards per return. He also began to see increased playing time as a receiver, registering 27 catches for 360 yards and five touchdowns. In Week 15, in a come-from-behind victory over the previously undefeated Denver Broncos, Toomer caught a 37-yard touchdown pass from Kent Graham with 48 seconds left in the game as the Giants ruined the Broncos' dream of a perfect season by winning 20–16. Toomer later publicly acknowledged that his slow start as an NFL receiver was the result of exercise-induced asthma which he had hidden for years. After seeking treatment for the condition, his receiving career blossomed in 1999 and 2000.
Prime years: 1999–2003
During the 1999 New York Giants season, Toomer became a starting wide receiver in all 16 games. That year, he broke the team record for receptions in a season (79), and his 1,183 receiving yards were the second-highest in team history behind Homer Jones.
In 2000, Toomer appeared in all 16 regular season games (14 as a starter) for the Giants and posted solid totals with 78 receptions for 1,094 yards and seven touchdowns. With Kerry Collins at quarterback, the 2000 Giants team advanced to Super Bowl XXXV (a loss to the Baltimore Ravens), and Toomer started all three postseason games for the team. He totaled 10 catches for 135 yards and a touchdown in the 2000–01 NFL playoffs.
During the 2001 New York Giants season, Toomer appeared in all 16 regular season games, caught more than 70 passes, and gained over 1,000 receiving yards for the third consecutive year.
Toomer had the best year of his NFL career in 2002. He set Giants' single-season records with 82 receptions and 1,343 receiving yards. His eight receiving touchdowns in 2002 were also a career-high. His total of 204 receiving yards against the Indianapolis Colts was also the highest total for a Giants wide receiver in a 60-minute game (two players had higher receiving totals, but both of those games went to overtime).
In 2003, Toomer started all 16 games and had his fifth consecutive season with at least 1,000 receiving yards. He totaled 63 catches for 1,057 yards and five touchdowns. In the second game of the season, a Monday night game against the Dallas Cowboys, Toomer broke Frank Gifford's club record for receiving yardage.
2004–2006
The 2004 season marked the first time since Toomer's rookie year in which he did not score a touchdown. Toomer appeared in 15 games and had 51 catches for 747 yards, the sixth consecutive season in which he topped 50 catches and 700 yards.
During the 2005 season, the Giants had a new starting quarterback, Eli Manning, who threw for almost 3,800 yards. Plaxico Burress took over as the Giants' #1 receiver, but Toomer still started all 16 games and had 60 receptions for 684 yards and seven touchdowns. Toomer's 2005 highlights included a last-second touchdown reception against the Denver Broncos, a late game-tying touchdown at Seattle, and a fourth-and-goal touchdown catch against the Rams.
Toomer started strongly in the 2006 season. In a Week 2 game against the Philadelphia Eagles, he tallied a career-high 12 receptions and scored two touchdowns to help spark a 17-point comeback. Physically exhausted by game's end, he had to be carried off the field by trainers. Toomer's season came to an end after eight games when he suffered a partially torn ACL in his left knee. In eight games during the 2006 season, Toomer had 32 receptions for 360 yards and three touchdowns. The Giants compiled a 6–2 record in the first half of the season with Toomer in the lineup, but fell to 2–6 in the second half without Toomer. Giants head coach Tom Coughlin noted, "There's no question Amani has a very positive effect on Eli." Quarterback Eli Manning also praised Toomer: "He has a way of being in the right place at the right time."
Super Bowl champion: 2007
During the 2007 season, Toomer returned from his injury to appear in all 16 regular season games for the Giants. He totaled 59 receptions for 760 yards and three touchdowns. On October 21, 2007, in a home game against the San Francisco 49ers, he broke Kyle Rote's club record with his 49th career touchdown catch. In the same game, he also broke Tiki Barber's team record for career receptions.
The 2007 Giants advanced through the playoffs and won Super Bowl XLII over the previously undefeated New England Patriots. Toomer started all four postseason games for the team and totaled 21 catches for 280 yards and three touchdowns. On January 13, 2008, during the 2007 divisional playoff round, Toomer caught a 52-yard touchdown pass, his longest since a 77-yard touchdown on November 30, 2003. This catch broke the club record for most postseason receptions. Toomer had two touchdown catches in the Giants' 21–17 upset over the Dallas Cowboys. His first touchdown gave the Giants a 7–0 lead after he caught an 11-yard pass, eluded three would be tacklers, and ran 50 yards for the score. Toomer also led the Giants with six receptions for 84 yards in the Super Bowl. In May 2008, Toomer and the Giants were invited by U.S President George W. Bush to the White House to honor their victory in Super Bowl XLII.
2008 season and career overview
The 2008 season was Toomer's last in the NFL. He appeared in all 16 regular season games, 12 as a starter, and caught 48 passes for 580 yards and four touchdowns. He concluded his NFL career having appeared in 190 games, 142 as a starter, with 668 receptions for 9,497 yards (14.2 yards per catch), and 54 touchdown receptions. He holds Giants' record for most career receiving yards, receptions, receiving touchdowns, and most consecutive games with at least one reception (94). In 2010, Toomer was included in the initial group selected for induction into the New York Giants Ring of Honor.
Giants Franchise Records
's NFL off-season, Amani Toomer held at least 16 Giants franchise records, including:
Most Receptions (career): 668
Most Receptions (game): 12 (2006-09-17 @PHI; tied with Mark Bavaro, Hakeem Nicks and Odell Beckham Jr. x2)
Most Receptions (playoff career): 44
Most Receiving Yds (career): 9,497
Most Receiving Yds (playoff career): 608
Most Receiving TDs (career): 54
Most Receiving TDs (playoff career): 7
Most Receiving TDs (playoff game): 3 (2003-01-05 @SFO)
Most Total TDs (playoff career): 7
Most Total TDs (playoff game): 3 (2003-01-05 @SFO)
Most Punt Returns (season): 47 (1997; tied with Chad Morton)
Most 100+ yard receiving games (career): 23
Most Games with 1+ TD scored (playoffs): 4 (tied with Brandon Jacobs)
Most Games with 2+ TD scored (playoffs): 2 (tied with Hakeem Nicks)
Most Games with 3+ TD scored (playoffs): 1
Most 1000+ receiving yards (career): 5
Kansas City Chiefs
Toomer was signed to a one-year contract by Kansas City Chiefs on August 4, 2009. He was released during final roster cuts on September 1.
Later years
In 2011, Toomer and fellow former New York Giant Roman Oben joined MSG Varsity's coverage of "Friday Night Football." In 2012, he joined NBC Sports Radio where he is a co-host with Dan Schwartzman of "Going Deep with Amani & Dan", a nighttime talk show on the network. Toomer resides in Weehawken, New Jersey.
In the summer of 2020 Toomer, his Danish wife Maj and their 3 children relocated to Ebeltoft, Denmark, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the 2020 NFL season he worked as an expert on TV3 Sport.
References
1974 births
Living people
People from Concord, California
People from Weehawken, New Jersey
Players of American football from Berkeley, California
African-American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Michigan Wolverines football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
New York Giants players
American expatriates in Denmark
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople
De La Salle High School (Concord, California) alumni |
The 1950 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 41st staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.
Carrigtwohill won the championship following a 6–04 to 1–01 defeat of Shanballymore in the final. This was their third championship title overall and their second title in succession.
References
Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship |
Market and Gough is a light rail station in San Francisco, California, serving the San Francisco Municipal Railway F Market & Wharves heritage railway line. It is located on Market Street at the intersections of Haight Street and Gough Street.
Under the proposed Western Variant of the planned Better Market Street project, the inbound stop would be moved across the intersection.
References
San Francisco Municipal Railway streetcar stations |
The Fiji Law Society is the official body that registers and regulates the activity of all lawyers in Fiji. Historically, the President of the Fiji Law Society was a member ex officio of the Judicial Service Commission.
The Fiji Law Society condemned the military coup which deposed the government of Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase on 5 December 2006. Fiji Times and Fiji Village reported on 9 December that the society had barred seven military lawyers from practicing, and warned any lawyers against accepting the positions of Attorney-General or Solicitor-General in the interim government. After an interim government was announced on 5–9 January 2007, the Society recognized its reality, but not its legality.
The Society condemned what it saw as interference in the Judiciary by the military-backed government, after Chief Justice Daniel Fatiaki and Chief Magistrate Naomi Matanitobua were sent on forced leave on 3 January 2007, and Anthony Gates sworn in as Acting Chief Justice on 16 January.
Not all members of the Society supported its stance against the interim government. Rajendra Chaudhry, son of former Mahendra Chaudhry, a former Prime Minister and the first Minister for Finance in the interim administration, spoke out on 24 January 2007, objecting to what he saw as personal opinions held by Sharma and Draunidalo being presented as official positions of the Fiji Law Society - without consulting its members, many of whom shared his concerns, he claimed. He called for a special meeting to deal with the issue, and threatened to join a breakaway body if his grievances were not addressed. The next day, Draunidalo announced that Sharma had ordered such a meeting, in order to "crush" internal opposition to its anti-coup stance.
The Fiji Human Rights Commission (FHRC) announced on 26 January 2007 that it had commenced legal proceedings against the FLS for suspending the practicing certificates of five Military lawyers on 7 December 2006. The FHRC was seeing an injunction to allow Colonel Mohammed Aziz, the Military's Director of Legal Services, and one other Military lawyer to resume practice. Aziz said the suspension made it impossible for him and his fellow-military lawyers to represent their clients, and that the decision was biased because he and the FLS President were opposing counsel in an upcoming trial.
Devanesh Sharma was elected to replace Graeme Leung as President of the Fiji Law Society on 9 September 2006, with Tupou Draunidalo as Vice-President. On 28 September 2007, at the Annual General Meeting, Suva lawyer Isireli Fa, was elected president of the Fiji Law Society. On 27 September 2008, Fa was succeeded as President by Dorsami Naidu, who held the position continuously until 14 June 2014, when he was succeeded by Peter Knight.
References
Law of Fiji
Organisations based in Fiji
Law societies |
The Glenn M. and Edith Averill House is a historic building located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. Designed by local architectural firm Josselyn & Taylor, it was completed in 1906 in a combination of the Queen Anne style and the American Craftsman style. It replaced a smaller house that was located on its original lot at 1113 2nd Avenue, SE. The Averill's lived here until 1913 when they moved into a new residence and rented out this home. In 1924 this house was sold to the Phi Alpha Pi fraternity. Later, the house was divided into apartments, and it was then used by several different businesses. St. Luke's Hospital acquired this and several other houses for a new medical pavilion. It was bought by Charles Jones and saved from being torn down. The house was moved to its current location on Fourth Avenue, SE, and renovated according to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
References
Houses completed in 1906
Houses in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Queen Anne architecture in Iowa
1906 establishments in Iowa |
```xml
/**
* @file App entry
* @module app/main
* @author Surmon <path_to_url
*/
import helmet from 'helmet'
import passport from 'passport'
import bodyParser from 'body-parser'
import cookieParser from 'cookie-parser'
import compression from 'compression'
import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core'
import { AppModule } from '@app/app.module'
import { HttpExceptionFilter } from '@app/filters/error.filter'
import { TransformInterceptor } from '@app/interceptors/transform.interceptor'
import { LoggingInterceptor } from '@app/interceptors/logging.interceptor'
import { ErrorInterceptor } from '@app/interceptors/error.interceptor'
import { environment, isProdEnv } from '@app/app.environment'
import logger from '@app/utils/logger'
import * as APP_CONFIG from '@app/app.config'
async function bootstrap() {
// MARK: keep logger enabled on dev env
const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, isProdEnv ? { logger: false } : {})
app.use(helmet())
app.use(compression())
app.use(cookieParser())
app.use(bodyParser.json({ limit: '1mb' }))
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }))
// MARK: Beware of upgrades!
// path_to_url#changed
app.use(passport.initialize())
app.useGlobalFilters(new HttpExceptionFilter())
app.useGlobalInterceptors(new TransformInterceptor(), new ErrorInterceptor(), new LoggingInterceptor())
// path_to_url#issuecomment-403212561
// path_to_url
// MARK: can't used!
// useContainer(app.select(AppModule), { fallbackOnErrors: true, fallback: true })
return await app.listen(APP_CONFIG.APP.PORT)
}
bootstrap().then(() => {
logger.success(
`${APP_CONFIG.APP.NAME} app is running!`,
`| env: ${environment}`,
`| port: ${APP_CONFIG.APP.PORT}`,
`| ${new Date().toLocaleString()}`
)
})
``` |
Crime is a typically 19th-, 20th- and 21st-century genre, dominated by British and American writers. This article explores its historical development as a genre.
Crime fiction in history
Crime Fiction came to be recognised as a distinct literary genre, with specialist writers and a devoted readership, in the 19th century. Earlier novels and stories were typically devoid of systematic attempts at detection: There was a detective, whether amateur or professional, trying to figure out how and by whom a particular crime was committed; there were no police trying to solve a case; neither was there any discussion of motives, alibis, the modus operandi, or any of the other elements which make up the modern crime writing.
Early Arabic crime stories
An early example of an Arabic-language crime story is "The Three Apples", one of the tales narrated by Scheherazade in the One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights). In this tale, a fisherman discovers a heavy, locked chest along the Tigris river and he sells it to the Abbasid Caliph, Harun al-Rashid, who then has the chest broken open only to find inside it the dead body of a young woman who was cut into pieces. Harun orders his vizier, Ja'far ibn Yahya, to solve the crime and find the murderer within three days, or be executed if he fails his assignment. The story has been described as a "whodunit" murder mystery Unlike the modern crime fiction genre, no investigation is conducted, and the case is instead solved by two men confessing to the crime. The focus of the story shifts to the caliph's demand to find a slave blamed for having an affair with the woman, instigating her husband's crime of passion, but again no investigation is conducted. Ja'far learns the true story, and exonerates the slave, by chance.
Early Chinese crime stories
Gong'an is a genre of Ming dynasty Chinese crime fiction that includes Bao Gong An (Chinese:包公案) and the 18th-century novel Di Gong An (Chinese:狄公案). The latter was translated into English as Dee Goong An (Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee) by Dutch sinologist Robert Van Gulik, who then used the style and characters to write an original Judge Dee series.
The hero of these novels is typically a traditional judge or similar official based on historical personages, such as Judge Bao (Bao Qingtian) or Judge Dee (Di Renjie). Although the historical characters may have lived in an earlier period (such as the Song or Tang dynasties), the novels are often set in the later Ming or Manchu period.
These novels differ from the Western genre in several points as described by van Gulik:
The detective is the local magistrate who is usually involved in several unrelated cases simultaneously.
The criminal is introduced at the start of the story, and his crime and reasons are carefully explained, thus constituting an inverted detective story rather than a "puzzle".
The stories have a supernatural element, with ghosts telling people about their deaths and even accusing the criminal.
The stories were filled with digressions into philosophy, the complete texts of official documents, and much more, making for very long books.
The novels tended to have a huge cast of characters, typically in the hundreds, all described as to their relation to the various main actors in the story.
Little time is spent on the details of how the crime was committed, but a great deal on the torture and execution of the criminals, even including their further torments in one of the various hells for the damned.
Van Gulik chose Di Gong An to translate because it was in his view closer to the Western tradition and more likely to appeal to non-Chinese readers.
Description of crimes and detectives
Forerunners of today's crime fiction include the ghost story, the horror story, and the revenge story. Early examples of crime stories include Thomas Skinner Sturr's anonymous Richmond, or stories in the life of a Bow Street officer (1827), Steen Steensen Blicher's The Rector of Veilbye (1829), Philip Meadows Taylor's Confessions of a Thug (1839), and Maurits Christopher Hansen's "Mordet paa Maskinbygger Roolfsen" - The Murder of Engineer Roolfsen (1839).
An example of an early crime/revenge story is American poet and short-story writer Edgar Allan Poe's (1809–1849) tale "The Cask of Amontillado", published in 1846. Poe created the first fictional detective (a word unknown at the time) in the character of C. Auguste Dupin, as the central character of some of his short stories (which he called "tales of ratiocination"). In the words of William L. De Andrea (Encyclopedia Mysteriosa, 1994), he
"Locked-room" mysteries
One of the early developments started by Poe was the so-called locked-room mystery in "The Murders in the Rue Morgue". Here, the reader is presented with a puzzle and encouraged to solve it before finishing the story and being told the solution.
These stories are so-called because they involve a crime—normally a murder—which takes place in a "locked room". In the simplest case, this is literally a hermetically sealed chamber, which to all appearances, no one could have entered or left at the time of the crime. More generally, it is any crime situation where—again, to all appearances—someone must have entered or left the scene of the crime, yet it was not possible for anyone to have done so. (For example, one such Agatha Christie mystery (And Then There Were None) takes place on a small island during a storm; another is on a train stalled in the mountains and surrounded by new-fallen, unmarked snow.) One of the most famous locked-room mysteries was The Hollow Man. The resolution of such a story might involve showing how the room was not really "locked", or that it was not necessary for anyone else to have come or gone; that the murderer is still hiding in the room, or that the person to "discover" the murder when the room was unlocked in fact committed it just then.
Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson mysteries
In 1887, Scotsman Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930) gave fresh impetus to the emerging form of the detective story by creating Sherlock Holmes, resident at 221B Baker Street, London—probably the most famous of fictional detectives and the first one to have clients, to be hired to solve a case. Holmes's art of detection consists in logical deduction based on minute details that escape everyone else's notice, and the careful and systematic elimination of all clues that in the course of his investigation turn out to lead nowhere. Conan Doyle also introduced Dr. John H. Watson, a physician who acts as Holmes's assistant and who also shares Holmes's flat in Baker Street. In the words of William L De Andrea,
Many of the great fictional detectives have their Watson: Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot, for example, is often accompanied by Captain Arthur Hastings. Hastings, however, appeared only intermittently in those Poirot novels and stories written after 1925 and only once in those written after 1937.
The Golden Age
The 1920s and '30s are commonly known as the "Golden Age" of detective fiction. Most of its authors were British: Agatha Christie (1890–1976), Dorothy L. Sayers (1893–1957), and many more. Some of them were American, but with a British touch. By that time, certain conventions and clichés had been established, which limited any surprises on the part of the reader to the twists and turns within the plot and of course to the identity of the murderer. Most of novels of that era were whodunnits, and several authors excelled, after successfully leading their readers on the wrong track, in convincingly revealing to them the least likely suspect as the real villain of the story. What is more, they had a predilection for certain casts of characters and certain settings, with the secluded English country house at the top of the list.
A typical plot of the Golden Age mystery followed these lines:
A body, preferably that of a stranger, is found in the library by a maid who has just come in to dust the furniture.
As it happens, a few guests have just arrived for a weekend in the country—people who may or may not know each other. They typically include such stock characters as a handsome young gentleman and his beautiful and rich fiancée, an actress with past glory and an alcoholic husband, a clumsy aspiring young author, a retired colonel, a quiet, middle-aged man about whom no one knows anything, who is supposedly the host's old friend, but behaves suspiciously, and a famous detective.
The police are either unavailable or incompetent to lead the investigation for the time being.
Hardboiled American crime-fiction writing
An American reaction to the cozy convention of British murder mysteries was the American hardboiled school of crime writing (certain works in the field are also referred to as noir fiction). Writers Dashiell Hammett (1894–1961), Raymond Chandler (1888–1959), Jonathan Latimer (1906–1983), Mickey Spillane (1918–2006), and many others decided on an altogether different, innovative approach to crime fiction. This created whole new stereotypes of crime fiction writing. The typical American investigator in these novels, was modeled thus:
He works alone. He is between 35 and 45 years or so, and both a loner and a tough guy. His usual diet consists of fried eggs, black coffee, and cigarettes. He hangs out at shady all-night bars. He is a heavy drinker, but always aware of his surroundings and is able to fight back when attacked. He always "wears" a gun. He shoots criminals or takes a beating if it helps him solve a case. He is always poor. Cases that at first seem straightforward, often turn out to be quite complicated, forcing him to embark on an odyssey through the urban landscape. He is involved with organized crime and other lowlifes on the "mean streets" of, preferably, Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York City, or Chicago. A hardboiled private eye has an ambivalent attitude towards the police. His ambition is to save America and rid it of its mean elements all by himself.
As Raymond Chandler's protagonist Philip Marlowe—immortalized by actor Humphrey Bogart in the movie adaptation (1946) of the novel The Big Sleep (1939)—admits to his client, General Sternwood, he finds it rather tiresome, as an individualist, to fit into the extensive set of rules and regulations for police detectives:
Hardboiled crime fiction just uses a different set of clichés and stereotypes. Generally, it does include a murder mystery, but the atmosphere created by hardboiled writers and the settings they chose for their novels are different from English country-house murders or mysteries surrounding rich old ladies elegantly bumped off on a cruise ship, with a detective happening to be on board. Ian Ousby writes,
Another author who enjoyed writing about the sleazy side of life in the US is Jonathan Latimer. In his novel Solomon's Vineyard (1941), private eye Karl Craven aims to rescue a young heiress from the clutches of a weird cult. Apart from being an action-packed thriller, the novel contains open references to the detective's sex drive and allusions to, and a brief description of, kinky sexual practices. The novel was considered "too hot" for Latimer's American publishers, so was not published until 1950 in a heavily Bowdlerized version. The unexpurgated novel came out in Britain during the Second World War.
The hardboiled phenomenon appeared slightly earlier than the Golden Age of Science Fiction. "Apparently something just before the War [World War II] acted to create pulp writers who were willing to break out of the post-World War I shell of neverland cliches, which persisted in the pulps until the middle of the 1930s", Algis Budrys said in 1965. Large, mainstream book companies published crime fiction during World War II, presaging a similar entry into the science-fiction market in the 1950s.
The military veteran as hardboiled protagonist
Several hardboiled heroes have been war veterans: H. C. McNeile (Sapper)'''s Bulldog Drummond from World War I, Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer, and many others from World War II, and John D. MacDonald's Travis McGee from the Korean War. In Bulldog Drummond's first appearance, he is a bored ex-serviceman seeking adventure, Spillane's Hammer avenges an old buddy who saved his life on Guadalcanal. The frequent exposure to death and hardship often leads to a cynical and callous attitude, as well as a character trait known today as post-traumatic stress characterizes many hardboiled protagonists.
Modern crime writing
A shift from plot-driven themes to character analysis
Over the decades, the detective story metamorphosed into the crime novel (see also the title of Julian Symons' history of the genre). Starting with writers like Francis Iles, who has been described as "the father of the psychological suspense novel as we know it today," more and more authors laid the emphasis on character rather than plot. Up to the present, many authors have tried their hand at writing novels where the identity of the criminal is known to the reader right from the start. The suspense is created by the author having the reader share the perpetrator's thoughts—up to a point, that is—and having them guess what is going to happen next (for example, another murder, or a potential victim making a fatal mistake), and if the criminal will be brought to justice in the end. For example, Simon Brett's A Shock to the System (1984) and Stephen Dobyns' Boy in the Water (1999) both reveal the murderer's identity quite early in the narrative. A Shock to the System is about a hitherto law-abiding business manager's revenge which is triggered by his being passed over for promotion, and the intricate plan he thinks up to get back at his rivals. Boy in the Water is the psychological study of a man who, severely abused as a child, is trying to get back at the world at large now that he has the physical and mental abilities to do so. As a consequence of his childhood trauma, the killer randomly picks out his victims, first terrifying them and eventually murdering them. But Boy in the Water also traces the mental states of a group of people who happen to get in touch with the lunatic, and their reactions to him.
Crime fiction in specific themes
Apart from the emergence of the psychological thriller and the continuation of older traditions such as the whodunnit and the private eye novel, several new trends can be recognised. One of the first masters of the spy novel was Eric Ambler, whose unsuspecting and innocent protagonists are often caught in a network of espionage, betrayal and violence and whose only wish is to get home safely as soon as possible. Spy thrillers continue to fascinate readers even if the Cold War period is over now. Another development is the courtroom novel which, as opposed to courtroom drama, also includes many scenes which are not set in the courtroom itself but which basically revolves around the trial of the protagonist, who claims to be innocent but cannot (yet) prove it. Quite a number of U.S. lawyers have given up their jobs and started writing novels full-time, among them Scott Turow, who began his career with the publication of Presumed Innocent (1987) (the phrase in the title having been taken from the age-old legal principle that any defendant must be considered as not guilty until s/he is finally convicted). But there are also authors who specialise in historical mysteries—novels which are set in the days of the Roman Empire, in medieval England, the United States of the 1930s and 40s, or whenever (see historical whodunnit)—and even in mysteries set in the future. Remarkable examples can be found in any number of Philip K. Dick's stories or novels.
LGBT crime fiction
LGBT has also left its mark on the genre of crime fiction. Numerous private eyes—professionals as well as amateurs—are now women, some of them lesbians. Tally McGinnis, for example, is the young gay heroine of a series of novels by U.S. author Nancy Sanra (born 1944). Sanra's Tally McGinnis mysteries, such as No Escape (1998), which is set in San Francisco, are quite traditional in other respects. In Britain, Scottish-born Val McDermid created lesbian journalist-cum-sleuth Lindsay Gordon, and Joan Smith (born 1953) has gained popularity as the author of a series of Loretta Lawson novels. Lawson is a university teacher and an amateur sleuth. In Full Stop (1995), she stops over at New York and is quickly devoured by the city. Seattle writer Barbara Wilson published Murder in the Collective and other crime books with LGBT characters.
Police investigation themes
By far the richest field of activity though has been the police novel. U.S. (male) writer Hillary Waugh's (1920–2008) police procedural Last Seen Wearing ... (1952) is an early example of this type of crime fiction. As opposed to hard-boiled crime writing, which is set in the mean streets of a big city, Last Seen Wearing ... carefully and minutely chronicles the work of the police, including all the boring but necessary legwork, in a small American college town where, in the dead of winter, an attractive student disappears. In contrast to armchair detectives such as Dr. Gideon Fell or Hercule Poirot, Chief of Police Frank W. Ford and his men never hold back information from the reader. By way of elimination, they exclude all the suspects who could not possibly have committed the crime and eventually arrive at the correct conclusion, a solution which comes as a surprise to most of them but which, due to their painstaking research, is infallible. The novel certainly is a whodunnit, but all the conventions of the cosy British variety are abandoned. A lot of reasoning has to be done by the police though, including the careful examination and re-examination of all the evidence available. Waugh's police novel lacks "action" in the form of dangerous situations from which the characters can only make a narrow escape, but the book is nonetheless a page-turner of a novel, with all the suspense for the readers created through their being able to witness each and every step the police take in order to solve the crime.
Another example is American writer Faye Kellerman (born 1952), who wrote a series of novels featuring Peter Decker and his daughter by his first marriage, Cindy, who both work for the Los Angeles Police Department. Local colour is provided by the author, especially through Peter Decker's Jewish background. In Stalker'' (2000), 25-year-old Cindy herself becomes the victim of a stalker, who repeatedly frightens her and also tries to do her bodily harm. Apart from her personal predicament, Cindy is assigned to clear up a series of murders that have been committed in the Los Angeles area. Again, the work of the police is chronicled in detail, but it would not be fiction if outrageous things did not intervene.
References
Crime fiction
Crime fiction |
Liverpool Garston was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which existed from 1950 and 2010. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be re-established for the next general election, largely replacing the (to be abolished) constituency of Garston and Halewood.
Boundaries
1950–1955: The County Borough of Liverpool wards of Aigburth, Allerton, Childwall, Garston, Little Woolton, and Much Woolton.
1955–1983: The County Borough of Liverpool wards of Aigburth, Allerton, St Mary's, Speke, and Woolton.
1983–1997: The City of Liverpool wards of Allerton, Netherley, St Mary's, Speke, Valley, and Woolton.
1997–2010: The City of Liverpool wards of Allerton, Grassendale, Netherley, St Mary's, Speke, Valley, and Woolton.
The constituency was one of five covering the city of Liverpool, covering the southern part of the city. As well as Garston, it contained areas such as Allerton, Netherley, Speke and Woolton. Liverpool John Lennon Airport was located in the constituency.
The Liverpool Garston seat was abolished at the 2010 general election following boundary changes. It was replaced with a new Garston and Halewood constituency, also covering part of the Knowsley borough.
History
The Labour Party held Liverpool Garston from the 1983 general election until the constituency was abolished. Prior to that time the constituency was a fairly safe Conservative seat until Labour gained it in 1974, with the Conservatives regaining it in 1979 for the last time. The Conservative share of the vote declined to less than 10% in the 2005 election, when they came third behind the Liberal Democrats.
Members of Parliament
Elections
Elections in the 1950s
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1970s
Elections in the 1980s
Note:
This constituency underwent major boundary changes in 1983 and so was notionally a hold.
Elections in the 1990s
Elections in the 2000s
See also
List of parliamentary constituencies in Merseyside
Notes and references
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1950
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 2010
Parliamentary constituencies in North West England (historic)
Garston
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 2024 |
Rhys Fawr ap Maredudd (fl. 1485–1510) was a Welsh nobleman chiefly known for his valour at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, where he fought on the side of Henry VII.
After Henry's landing at Milford Haven in early August 1485, his army was bolstered by contingents from across Wales. One of these contingents was that of Rhys, who had travelled from north Wales to meet Henry, probably near Welshpool; certainly, Rhys had joined him by the time Henry captured Shrewsbury in mid-August. On 22 August, Rhys and his men participated in the battle at Bosworth. At the height of the fighting, Henry's standard bearer, Sir William Brandon, was killed; according to later testimony, Rhys picked up the standard, hoisting it high until the conclusion of the battle.
He lived at Plas Iolyn, near Ysbyty Ifan in north Wales, and his effigy, along with that of his wife, Lowri, can be seen in the parish church of Ysbyty Ifan, Denbighshire. His son, Robert ap Rhys, was chaplain to Cardinal Wolsey and his grandson, Ellis Price, was MP for Merioneth.
References
Welsh soldiers
House of Tudor
15th-century Welsh military personnel
16th-century Welsh military personnel
15th-century births
1510 deaths
Year of birth missing
15th-century soldiers
16th-century soldiers |
```kotlin
package mega.privacy.android.app.constants
class IntentConstants {
// Intent's Extras
companion object {
const val EXTRA_ACCOUNT_TYPE = "EXTRA_ACCOUNT_TYPE"
const val EXTRA_ASK_PERMISSIONS = "EXTRA_ASK_PERMISSIONS"
const val EXTRA_FIRST_LOGIN = "EXTRA_FIRST_LOGIN"
const val EXTRA_NEW_ACCOUNT = "EXTRA_NEW_ACCOUNT"
const val EXTRA_UPGRADE_ACCOUNT = "EXTRA_UPGRADE_ACCOUNT"
const val EXTRA_MASTER_KEY = "EXTRA_MASTER_KEY"
const val ACTION_OPEN_ACHIEVEMENTS = "ACTION_OPEN_ACHIEVEMENTS"
}
}
``` |
McDonough Center may refer to:
McDonough Gymnasium, at Georgetown University
McDonough Center for Leadership & Business, at Marietta College
Alma Grace McDonough Health and Recreation Center, at Wheeling Jesuit University |
Sir Edward Denny (1547 – 12 February 1600), Knight Banneret, of Bishop's Stortford in Hertfordshire, was a soldier, privateer and adventurer during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
Origins
He was born in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire in 1547, the second surviving son of Sir Anthony Denny, a Privy Councillor to King Henry VIII and one of the Guardians of his young son and successor King Edward VI. His nephew was Edward Denny, 1st Earl of Norwich (1569-1637), who died without male issue and was buried at Waltham Abbey in Essex.
Career
Orphaned in childhood, he inherited lands in Hertfordshire. After some minor appointments at court, in 1573 he went to Ulster on a military expedition led by Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex. Denny then took up privateering, capturing a Spanish ship in 1577 and a Flemish one in 1578. The same year saw him join a colonizing expedition led by Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh; however, their ships were forced to turn home due to bad weather.
Ireland
Denny and his cousin Raleigh were then sent to Ireland to help put down the Second Desmond Rebellion. Denny led a company at the infamous Siege of Smerwick, when 400 Spanish and Italian troops were beheaded by the English after surrendering. In 1581 he commanded another expedition to Ireland and returned with the head of Garret O’Toole, leader of one of the Irish clans.
High Sheriff, Knight and MP
Denny first became a Member of Parliament for Liskeard in Cornwall for the 1584 to 1585 parliament. He was granted lands at Tralee, confiscated from the Earl of Desmond; he both became High Sheriff of Kerry and was knighted in 1588. His estates in Ireland were a financial failure and in 1591 he returned to England to command a naval expedition to the Azores. It has not been established whether it was this Sir Edward Denny or his nephew and namesake who was elected Knight of the Shire for Westmorland in 1593, however it is certain that in 1597 he was returned to Parliament for the "rotten borough" of Tregony in Cornwall. In 1597 he was Vice-Constable of Castle Maine.
The following year he returned to Ireland during the Nine Years' War, to find that the confiscated land he had been granted had been ransacked. Disgruntled by the lack of rewards for his service to the Crown, Denny allied himself to Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. Late in 1599 or early in 1600, Denny "took a deadly sickness in his country’s service". He died on 12 February 1600 at the age of 52.
Marriage & issue
In 1583 he married Margaret Edgcumbe (d.1648), one of the queen's maids of honour whom he had met at court in 1581, a daughter of Piers Edgcumbe (1536-1608) of Mount Edgcumbe and of Cotehele in the parish of Calstock, both in Cornwall, a Member of Parliament. Margaret survived her husband and having died in 1648 was buried in St Michael's Church, Bishop's Stortford. By his wife he had issue including:
Sir Edward Denny, eldest son and heir, who founded the Denny family of Tralee Castle in County Kerry, Ireland. His descendant was Sir Barry Denny, 1st Baronet (–1794) of Castle Moyle, created a baronet in 1782;
Arthur Denny (1584 – 4 Jul 1619)
Francis Denny
Henry Denny (1595–1658)
Anthony Denny (died young)
Anthony Denny (1592–1662)
Thomas Denny
Charles Denny (d. 29 Dec 1635)
Elizabeth Denny (b. 1586)
Honora Denny (died young)
Marie Denny (d. 29 Nov 1678)
Death & burial
He died on 12 February 1600 at the age of 52 and was buried in his family's vault in the churchyard of Waltham Abbey Church in Essex, in which church survives his monument with the recumbent effigies of himself and his wife. Situated beside the high altar it depicts Denny lying on his side in a suit of armour, next to his wife; on a separate frieze below are sculpted his ten children, kneeling.
Notes
References
http://www.stortfordhistory.co.uk/guide10/lady_denny.html
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/EdwardDenny.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20080808135110/http://www.saintmichaelweb.org.uk/tourthechurch.htm
1547 births
1600 deaths
English pirates
Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall
Edward
English knights
High Sheriffs of Kerry
English MPs 1584–1585
English MPs 1593
English MPs 1597–1598
Knights banneret of England |
The Jolly Darkie Target Game was a game developed and manufactured by the McLoughlin Brothers (now part of Milton Bradley Company) which was released in 1890. It was produced until at least 1915. Other companies produced similar games, such as Alabama Coon by J. W. Spear & Sons.
Description
The objective of the game was to throw a wooden ball into a bullseye, the "gaping mouth" of the target in cardboard decorated using imagery of Sambo and that could open and close. It was one of many products and media of late 19th century in the United States depicting African Americans as "beasts" and associating the black male face Sambo images with racial slur terms such as "coon", "darky", "nigger", and "pickaninny". Among these was another Milton Bradley game, Darky's Coon Game. The term "darkie" referred to the "exaggerated physiognomic features" depicting black people and associated with minstrel shows. In the book Ceramic Uncles & Celluloid Mammies: Black Images and Their Influence on Culture, Patricia Turner reported that she had heard of a black man sitting outside a theatre preceding a minstrel show, with his mouth open and children throwing balls into it for entertainment. The Cuban poet and journalist José Martí witnessed a similar scene at Coney Island and wrote about it.
It was one of many games produced at the time with a theme involving violence against black people, who were "encountering growing hostility" throughout the United States. The game depicted "a symbolic form of violence" that reinforced the servitude of black people. Another game with a more obvious theme of violence was "Hit the Dodger! Knock him Out!". It was also one of the objects produced at the time featuring a mouth and "black ingestion" as a stereotype of African Americans, such as the watermelon stereotype, also exemplified by the "Jolly Nigger Bank" into which coins are inserted into a mouth-shaped slot. The target consumer for the game was white people, who bought it for their children. These games and images reinforced "an encompassing theme of domination" by white people and subordination of black people. Turner states that such products reflected means by which "American consumers found acceptable ways of buying and selling the souls of black folk" even after the abolition of slavery in the United States, and the use of black images in advertising "figured prominently in commodity capitalism".
Today, the game is considered a collector's item. It is part of collectable black memorabilia, consisting of objects such as dolls, toys, and postcards that include those that are offensive or racist, even the "most contemptible examples" of such works. By 1993, there were about 50,000 black memorabilia collectors in the United States, about 70% of whom were African Americans.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Board games introduced in the 1890s
Milton Bradley Company games
Anti-black racism in the United States
Stereotypes of African Americans
Games of physical skill
1890 introductions |
ACOnet is the name of the national research and education network in Austria. The ACONET association promotes the development and use of that network. ACOnet is not managed and operated by ACONET, but by a unit in the Computing Centre of the University of Vienna that also operates the Vienna Internet Exchange. The University of Vienna represents ACOnet internationally, for example as a member of TERENA and as a participant in the project that funds the European backbone network GÉANT.
History
In 1981 the computer centres of the Austrian universities and the Ministry for Science and Research started the development of ACOnet. The first international connectivity was obtained in 1985, with connections to EARN and EUnet. The national EARN node was located at the University of Linz. The ACONET association, of which the computer centres of all Austrian universities are members, was founded in 1986. In that year ACOnet also joined RARE, the European association of National Research and Education Networking organisations. In 1994 the EARN association merged with RARE, and at the same time RARE changed its name to TERENA.
A common, vendor-independent communications infrastructure for ACOnet was established in the second half of the 1990s.
In its first phase, ACOnet set up a private X.25 network, which connected the universities in Vienna, Graz, Leoben, Klagenfurt, Innsbruck, Salzburg and Linz in a ring topology. Connection speeds were initially 9.6 kbit/s and later 64 kbit/s.
In 1990 the University of Vienna obtained connectivity to the Internet thanks to the European Academic Supercomputer Initiative (EASI) of IBM, with a connection to Geneva at 64 kbit/s, from where a 1.5 Mbit/s connection to NSFNET in the United States could be used (EASINET). In the same year also the other Austrian universities could relatively quickly be connected to the Internet.
The year 1992 saw the replacement of the X.25 network by an IP network. In this stage the core of ACOnet was a triangular backbone with data connections linking the multi-protocol ACOnet routers in the universities in Vienna, Linz and Graz, to which the other locations were connected. Connection speeds in this stage were 64 and 128 kbit/s.
The growing traffic on the ACOnet network and the need to introduce new services that required higher bandwidths made a further transition and upgrade necessary. In 1994 the universities of Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Leoben and Graz were connected to the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) service of Post und Telekom Austria (PTA) with a bandwidth of 2 Mbit/s. The MAN was a public service based on SMDS technology, connecting customers in the whole country.
In 1996 ATM technology was introduced in parts of the ACOnet carrier network, to cater for the fast increasing bandwidth needs in especially the locations Vienna, Linz and Graz. In 1997 also the university locations in Salzburg, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt and Leoben went over to ATM technology, so that ACOnet had once again a uniform backbone network.
In 2001 access to the network in Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck and Klagenfurt was transferred to Gigabit Ethernet. In 2004 also Leoben and the new Point of Presence in Eisenstadt went over to Gigabit Ethernet. In 2005 the interconnects in Vienna were upgraded to 10 Gbit/s.
The network
ACOnet offers a high-performance network infrastructure based on DWDM technology and 10-Gigabit Ethernet, connecting all university locations and offering connectivity to international networks. ACOnet provides full Internet connectivity and numerous Internet services. The ACOnet backbone connects the Points of Presence in Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Dornbirn, Klagenfurt, Leoben, Graz and Eisenstadt. In addition, in 2009 possibilities to connect to ACOnet were created in Sankt Pölten and Krems. The current ACOnet network is based on a wavelength transparent fibre optic backbone, allowing several 10-Gbit/s channels per connection. All ACOnet points of presence are resiliently connected.
ACOnet offers a multi-10-Gbit/s Ethernet backbone, multi-10-Gbit/s Internet access, multi-10-Gbit/s connectivity to research networks in Europe and beyond via GÉANT, multi-10-Gbit/s connectivity to the Vienna Internet Exchange for fast handling of regional data traffic, cross-border fibre connections to CESNET in the Czech Republic and SANET in Slovakia, global IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity, and global IPv4 and IPv6 multicast.
Services
Since December 2010, the Government Internet Exchange GovIX is a service operated by ACOnet and three other organisations.
AConet offers a local Internet registry providing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to its customers and partners.
The ACOnet Identity Federation provides a federated identity service, bringing together identity providers and service providers in the Austrian research and education community.
ACOnet is the National Roaming Operator for the eduroam service in Austria.
ACOnet participates in the TERENA Certificate Service, offering server, code-signing and personal certificates to the ACOnet participants.
ACOnet-CERT is the Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) for the Austrian academic community.
References
External links
Official website
Internet in Austria
National research and education networks |
This is a list of listed buildings in Odsherred Municipality, Denmark.
The list
4500 Nykøbing Sj
4534 Hørve
4573 Højby
4581 Rørvig
References
External links
Danish Agency of Culture
Odsherred Arkitektur
Odsherred |
Collins is an unincorporated community in Bingham County, Idaho, United States. Collins is located on U.S. Route 26 immediately west of Blackfort and Interstate 15.
See also
References
Unincorporated communities in Bingham County, Idaho
Unincorporated communities in Idaho |
The 2016–17 Oklahoma Sooners basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Sooners were led by Lon Kruger in his sixth season. They played their home games at the Lloyd Noble Center in Norman, Oklahoma as a member of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 11–20, 5–13 in Big 12 play to finish in ninth place. They lost in the first round of the Big 12 tournament to TCU.
Previous season
The Sooners finished the 2015–16 season 29–8, 12–6 in Big 12 play to finish in third place in conference. They defeated Oklahoma State in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 tournament before losing to West Virginia in the semifinals. The Sooners received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they defeated Cal State Bakersfield, VCU, Texas A&M, and Oregon to advance to the Final Four for the fifth time in school history. At the Final Four, they lost in the national semifinal to the eventual champion Villanova by 44 points, the largest margin in Final Four history.
Following the season, senior guard and player of the year winner Buddy Hield graduated and was selected as the sixth overall pick in the NBA draft by the New Orleans Pelicans.
Departures
Incoming transfers
Recruits
2017 Recruits
Roster
Schedule
|-
! colspan=9 style="background:#960018; color:#FFFDD0;"| Exhibition
|-
! colspan=9 style="background:#960018; color:#FFFDD0;"| Regular season
|-
! colspan=9 style="background:#960018; color:#FFFDD0;"| Big 12 tournament
x- Sooner Sports Television (SSTV) is aired locally on Fox Sports. However the contract allows games to air on various affiliates. Those affiliates are FSSW, FSSW+, FSOK, FSOK+, and FCS Atlantic, Central, and Pacific.
References
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball seasons
Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball
Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball |
Ilijaš () is a town and municipality located in Sarajevo Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located northwest of the inner city of Sarajevo and was established in May 1952 with the organization of people's committees. Those local people's committees founded the local municipalities, which led to the self-management of the municipalities, including the municipality of Ilijaš.
History
In the early Middle Ages close to the river Bosna and Vogoščica, the district Vogošća, or Vidogošća, was formed. Some later events that are tied to the Ottoman period came to the formation of džemats, nahiyahs, and sanjaks. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, there were 20 džemats in the Sarajevo Nahiyah: Butmir, Kijevo, Presjenica, Sudići, Trnovo, Zijamet Crna Rijeka, Pale, Mokro with Bobogovićima, Kriva Rijeka, Srednje, Čifluk Crna Rijeka, Rakova Noga, Vogošća, Nahorevo, Kulijes, Rakovica, Hadžići, Drozgometva, Pazarić and the villages of Luka and Žeravica.
The occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire led to many changes which manifested in administrative and political changes. The territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into districts and further divided into counties. The counties were divided into municipalities, instead of džemats, and they were furthermore divided into mahallahs and hamlets while the functions of the muhtars and village chiefs remained the same. The modern municipality of Ilijaš at that time was divided into the Sarajevo and Visoko counties and the boundary line between those two counties was the Povučje stream and the hill Bukovac which was between the stream and Ljubina.
The administrative division of Bosnia and Herzegovina until the formation of bans in 1929 remained the same even during the Austro-Hungarian occupation. In 1922, oblasts were formed instead of districts. Everything remained the same until 1941. After the liberation of the temporary national assembly of the Federal Bosnia and Herzegovina, the assembly's first session in August 1945 brought up the law of the territorial division of Bosnia and Herzegovina into districts, counties, and areas of local people's committees and their headquarters.
Demographics
The municipality of Ilijaš is composed of two parts, the town of Ilijaš and the upper municipality. The town of Ilijaš is composed of several localities. The biggest and most urban is the center and which has about 10,000 residents, the second is the Misoča settlement (Naselje Misoča), with 1,500 residents. Ethnically, there is a majority of Bosniaks with about 1,300 people, 250 are Serbs, 50 are Croats, with none classified as others. Other places, in the municipality of Ilijaš, are Podlugovi, Lješevo, Stari Ilijaš, and Malešići.
1971
According to the 1971 population census there were 23,007 residents.
Serbs – 10,941 (47.55%)
Bosniaks – 9,187 (39.93%)
Croats – 2,172 (9.44%)
Yugoslavs – 400 (1.73%)
others – 307 (1.35%)
1991
According to the 1991 population census there were 25,184 residents.
Serbs – 11,325 (44.96%)
Bosniaks – 10,585 (42.03%)
Croats – 1,736 (6.89%)
Yugoslavs – 1,167 (4.63%)
others – 371 (1.47%)
2013
According to the 2013 population census there were 19,603 residents, 4,921 of them in Ilijaš town.
Bosniaks – 18,151 (92.6%)
Serbs – 421 (2.1%)
Croats – 382 (1.9%)
others – 649 (3.3%)
Settlements
Balibegovići
Banjer
Bokšići
Buljetovina
Čemernica
Četojevići
Donja Bioča
Donja Misoča
Donje Selo
Donji Čevljanovići
Dragoradi
Draževići
Duboki Potok
Duševine
Gajevi
Gajine
Gojanovići
Gornja Bioča
Gornja Misoča
Gornji Čevljanovići
Hadžići
Han Karaula
Han Šići
Homar
Ilijaš
Ivančići
Kadarići
Kamenica
Karaula
Korita
Košare
Kožlje
Krčevine
Krivajevići
Kunosići
Lađevići
Lipnik
Luka
Luka kod Stublina
Lješevo
Ljubina
Ljubnići
Malešići
Medojevići
Moševići
Mrakovo
Nišići
Odžak
Ozren
Podlipnik
Podlugovi
Popovići
Rakova Noga
Ribarići
Rudnik Čevljanovići
Solakovići
Sovrle
Srednje
Stomorine
Stubline
Sudići
Šabanci
Taračin Do
Velika Njiva
Vidotina
Vilić
Visojevica
Višnjica
Vladojevići
Vlaškovo
Vrutci
Vukasovići
Zakutnica
Zlotege
Twin towns - sister cities
Ilijaš is twinned with:
Bayraklı, Turkey
See also
Bijambare
Misoča
Sarajevo
Sarajevo Canton
Vukasovići
Srednje
References
External links
Ilijaš - Official website of the town.
Populated places in Ilijaš |
The calandra lark (Melanocorypha calandra) or European calandra-lark breeds in warm temperate countries around the Mediterranean and eastwards through Turkey into northern Iran and southern Russia. It is replaced further east by its relative, the bimaculated lark.
Taxonomy and systematics
The calandra lark was originally placed in the genus Alauda. The current genus name, Melanocorypha is from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and koruphos a term used by ancient writers for a now unknown bird, but here confused with korudos, "lark". "Calandra"' derives ultimately from kalandros the Ancient Greek name for this bird. The bimaculated lark is also sometimes termed as the calandra lark.
Subspecies
Four subspecies are recognized:
Western calandra lark (M. c. calandra) - (Linnaeus, 1766): Found in southern Europe and north-western Africa to Turkey (except south-central and south-eastern Turkey), Transcaucasia and north-western Iran
Eastern calandra lark (M. c. psammochroa) - Hartert, 1904: Found from northern Iraq and northern Iran to Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan
M. c. gaza - Meinertzhagen, R, 1919: Originally described as a subspecies of the bimaculated lark. Found from eastern Syria and south-eastern Turkey to south-western Iran
Levant calandra lark (M. c. hebraica) - Meinertzhagen, R, 1920: Found from south-central Turkey and north-western Syria to Israel and western Jordan
Description
This is a large, robust lark, 17.5–20 cm long. It is an undistinguished-looking species on the ground, mainly streaked greyish brown above and white below, and with large black patches on the breast sides. It has a white supercilium.
In flight it shows short broad wings, which are dark below, and a short white-edged tail. The wing and tail patterns are distinctions from its more easterly relatives.
The song is like a slower version of that of the skylark.
Distribution and habitat
It is mainly resident in the west of its range, but Russian populations of this passerine bird are more migratory, moving further south in winter, as far as the Arabian peninsula and Egypt. It is a very rare vagrant to western Europe.
This is a bird of open cultivation and steppe. Its nest is on the ground, with 4–5 eggs being laid. Food is seeds supplemented with insects in the breeding season. It is gregarious outside the breeding season.
Behaviour and ecology
This species occupies open plains, from steppes and pastures to extensive dry cereal cultivations and true steppe with dense grass cover. In the Mediterranean Basin it is mainly found in dry pastures and dry cultivations. In cultivated areas, it prefers fallows, long-fallows and field edges and to a lesser extent sown fields, selecting unirrigated legumes and barley fields. The species is monogamous and lays eggs from early April to July. The nest is made from grass stems and small leaves, lined with softer material and built in a shallow depression on the ground, often under a tussock. Clutches are usually three to six eggs (de Juana and Suárez 2004). Its diet is seasonal, feeding mostly on insects in the summers and seeds and grass shoots in the winter. Mediterranean populations are resident, forming large flocks in the autumn and winter (Snow and Perrins 1998, de Juana and Suárez 2004). Eastern populations are migratory or partially migratory (de Juana and Suárez 2004).
Parasites of the calandra lark include the chewing louse Ricinus vaderi, described from specimens collected in Azerbaijan.
In culture
The song is considered so musical to human ears that the calandra lark was formerly a popular cagebird in its range. It is mentioned in, for instance, the Tuscan proverb "Canta come una calandra", he or she sings like a lark, and the Spanish ballad "Romance del prisionero", where its song is the only way the prisoner knows when day breaks.
References
External links
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 2.0 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
calandra lark
Birds of Southern Europe
Birds of North Africa
Birds of West Asia
Birds of Central Asia
calandra lark
calandra lark |
Herbert Scott is an American football player.
Herbert Scott may also refer to:
Herbert Scott (equestrian) (1885–?)
Herbert S. Scott (1931–2006), American poet
Lord Herbert Scott
Herbert Hedley Scott (1866-1938), Australian museum director and curator
See also
Bert Scott (disambiguation) |
I'll Do Anything is a 1994 American comedy-drama film written and directed by James L. Brooks. While a large part of the film is a satire of the film industry, it also skewers relationships from various angles. Its primary plot concerns a down-on-his-luck actor who suddenly finds himself the sole caretaker of his six-year-old daughter.
Plot
In 1980, on the night he fails to win an Emmy Award, Matt Hobbs proposes to his longtime girlfriend Beth. He says the only thing holding him back is his dedication to his career, one which may not always work out, and Beth says that's one of the things she loves most about him. Seven years later, with a baby crying and no job for Matt, Beth is overflowing with resentment. By 1993, the pair have been divorced for several years and are living on opposite coasts. Matt auditions for a role in pompous, self-absorbed, and clueless film producer Burke Adler's new project but fails to get the part. He does however agree to chauffeur Adler occasionally. Matt flies to Georgia to pick up his daughter Jeannie for what he believes is a brief visit and discovers Beth is facing a prison term and Jeannie will be living with him for the duration of her sentence. The two return to Hollywood and struggle with their new circumstances and building a relationship (Matt hasn't seen the six-year-old since she was four). When Matt goes in to make a screen test for a lead in a film, he leaves Jeannie with a friend at the studio, and when he picks her up he's stunned to learn she's been cast in a sitcom. There are multiple sub-plots, including one focusing on Matt's relationship with staff script-reader Cathy Breslow and another concerning test screening analyst Nan Mulhanney and her tumultuous relationship with Adler.
Cast
Production
Originally I'll Do Anything was conceived and filmed by James L. Brooks as an old-fashioned movie musical and parody of "Hollywood lifestyles and movie clichés", costing $40 million. It featured songs by Carole King, Prince, and Sinéad O'Connor, among others, with choreography by Twyla Tharp. When preview audience reactions to the music were overwhelmingly negative, all production numbers from the film were cut and Brooks wrote several new scenes, filming them over three days and spent seven weeks editing the film. Brooks noted: "Something like this not only tries one's soul - it threatens one's soul."
He later said of the film,
Reception
I'll Do Anything received mixed to positive reviews from critics. It currently holds a rating of 61% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 18 reviews.
In his three-star review in the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert called it "one of those offcenter comedies that gets its best moments simply by looking at people and seeing how funny, how pathetic, how wonderful they sometimes can be . . . it's a bright, edgy, funny story about people who have all the talent they need, but not all the luck . . . It is helpful, I think, to simply forget about the missing songs, and recognize that I'll Do Anything is a complete movie without them - smart, original, subversive." Janet Maslin of The New York Times described it as "droll" and "improbably buoyant."
Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B−" on scale of A to F.
Box office
The film was a box office failure. Produced on a budget of $40 million, I'll Do Anything grossed only a little over $10.4 million, making it one of the worst performing films of the year when compared to its cost.
Year-end lists
Top 10 runner-ups (not ranked) – Janet Maslin, The New York Times
Honorable mention – Jeff Simon, The Buffalo News
7th worsts – Glenn Lovell, San Jose Mercury News
Music
One of the original songs meant to be performed in the film is heard during the closing credits and is included on the soundtrack album released by Varèse Sarabande, along with four instrumental tracks by the film's composer, Hans Zimmer. While other versions of songs penned by Prince resurfaced on some of his later projects, Girl 6 and The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale, none of the actual performances from the movie were ever officially released.
Although James L. Brooks has mentioned he would like to release a director's cut restoring the musical numbers and including a making-of documentary, that project has yet to come to fruition. The film's commercially released version is available on DVD.
In a 2013 interview, Zimmer said that a release of the musical version is unlikely: "The deal structure on those songs was so complicated and so expensive, and it would cost so much money in rights to put it out.”
In an interview on Off Camera with Sam Jones, Jackson Browne stated that his song "I'll Do Anything", released on the 1993 album I'm Alive was originally written to be the title song for the movie. It was to be a comedic song sung by Albert Brooks where he is begging a test audience to favorably review his latest film.
References
External links
"They Just Gotta Trust This Guy" - Los Angeles Times profile
1994 films
1994 comedy-drama films
American comedy-drama films
American satirical films
Columbia Pictures films
1990s English-language films
Films about actors
Films directed by James L. Brooks
Films produced by James L. Brooks
Gracie Films films
Films scored by Hans Zimmer
Films with screenplays by James L. Brooks
1990s satirical films
Films about father–daughter relationships
Films about parenting
1990s American films |
Fir Island is bounded by North and South Forks of the Skagit River and Skagit Bay of Puget Sound in the southwestern corner of Skagit County, Washington. Triangular in outline, east–west by north–south with an area of nearly , Fir Island is occupied by 195 families. The island is connected by bridge to the village of Conway, located on the east shore of the South Fork of the Skagit River. A second bridge, across the North Fork of the Skagit River, leads to La Conner, northwest. Near the northeast tip of Fir Island is the site of the 19th-century town of Skagit City which declined after upstream log jams were removed in 1877.
Natural history
A major component of the Skagit River Delta, the island is an important habitat for wildlife. Migrating from the northern portion of Wrangel Island in Russia, 30,000 to 70,000 snow geese spend the winter on the Skagit River Delta and the Fraser River Delta of British Columbia. Important internationally, this population and one that winters in California, are the only snow geese that migrate between Eurasia and North America and the only remnant still extant in Eurasia.
Other migratory waterfowl include tundra swans, trumpeter swans and the bald eagle. Over the course of a year, 180 species of birds have been recorded at Skagit Wildlife Area, of mostly tidelands and intertidal marsh, the largest section of which is located on the southern margin of the island.
Near the south end of Fir Island, the Wiley Slough Restoration Project is intended to restore natural processes to a portion of Skagit Wildlife Area. The project includes removal of of existing dikes, construction of of new dikes, and construction of a new tide gate on Wiley Slough upstream of the existing one which will be removed. The main goal of the project is to increase the diversity of species that depend on estuaries, especially Puget Sound Chinook Salmon that are listed as threatened under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. Despite opposition by hunters, the project is supported by many in the community and Governor Christine Gregoire.
Skagit River floods
Fir Island is periodically flooded by the Skagit River.
On February 27, 1932 Fir Island flooded after a dike broke between Fir and Skagit City. A number of buildings were carried away by the river, and area farmers lost between 150 and 200 chickens, 4 head of cattle, and 8 or 10 sheep.
On November 25, 1990, the per second flow of the Skagit River caused it to overtop its earthen dikes and the island was inundated. No human fatalities occurred but livestock deaths were reported. Dike repairs the following summer cost $7 million.
On October 21, 2003, a peak flow of per second occurred when the Skagit River crested at more than above flood stage. A total of 3,400 people were evacuated from flood prone areas along the river. On November 8, 2006, in the aftermath of a strong Pineapple Express storm, a flow of per second and a crest feet above flood stage were recorded. Such floods deposit great quantities of driftwood along river channels and on tidelands.
References
Islands of Skagit County, Washington
Islands of Puget Sound
River islands of Washington (state) |
Tomasz Wacek (born 30 August 1976 in Rymanów) is a Polish football manager and former defender who currently manages Polish side Glinik Gorlice.
External links
1977 births
Living people
Polish men's footballers
People from Rymanów
Footballers from Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Men's association football defenders
Karpaty Krosno players
MKS Cracovia players
Górnik Wieliczka players
Karpaty Krosno managers |
Voicenotes is the second studio album by American singer Charlie Puth. Almost entirely produced by Puth himself, the album was released by Artist Partner Group and Atlantic Records on May 11, 2018. Five singles have been released from the album, including "Attention" and "How Long". "Attention" peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and "How Long" peaked at number 21.
Puth delayed the album from an early 2018 release date to "perfect" it, including reshooting the album cover. He announced on social media that he would release the album cover and the song "The Way I Am" on May 3. Puth embarked on the Voicenotes Tour in support of the album in North America throughout July and August 2018.
Upon release, the album was commercially successful, peaking at number four on the Billboard 200, and received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the mature songwriting and Puth's performance; many felt it was an improvement upon Puth's debut album Nine Track Mind. The album received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.
Music
Puth described the sound of the album as "like walking down a dirt road and listening to New Edition in 1989 – and being heartbroken, of course." He also remarked that he wanted a sound akin to the late 1980s "dark R&B" of Babyface, Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis and Teddy Riley. Puth also stated the album will have no love ballads, explaining he wished to distance himself from the sound of his first album, which was "people nudging [me] in a direction that I didn't want to go in."
Promotion
Singles
"Attention", released as the first single from the album on April 21, 2017, was met with commercial success, peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. "How Long", released as the album's second single on October 5, 2017, peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top 20 in several markets. "Done for Me", the third single, was released on March 15, 2018, and features Kehlani. "Change" featuring James Taylor was released as the fourth single on March 26, 2018. "The Way I Am" was released as the album's fifth single on July 24, 2018.
Promotional singles
"If You Leave Me Now", featuring Boyz II Men, was released as the album's first promotional single on January 5, 2018, after Puth delayed the album. "The Way I Am" was released as the second promotional single on May 3, 2018, along with the new album cover.
Critical reception
Voicenotes received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 67 based on five reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". In a positive review of the album, Spencer Kornhaber of The Atlantic called Voicenotes a "guilty pleasure" and noted that Puth is not aiming for Ed Sheeran "everyguy relatability". Taylor Weatherby of Billboard named Voicenotes the album of the week, praising Puth's rawness, and the collaborations included on the album. Mark Kennedy of The Washington Post praised the album, calling it "perfect pop", and stating that Puth has a fantastic career in front of him. In another positive review of the album, Nicholas Hautman of Us Weekly called the album "perfect for the summer", and called it "perfectly crafted".
In a mixed review of the album, Brittany Spanos of the Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five stars, saying "Puth's efforts to transition from a more mature R&B valiant, but he needed a little more work to be compared to the likes of Justin Timberlake and Nick Jonas."
Commercial performance
Voicenotes debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 with 58,000 album-equivalent units of which 39,000 were pure album sales. On May 14, 2018, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over 500,000 units in the United States.
In 2018, Voicenotes was ranked as the 130th most popular album of the year on the Billboard 200.
Track listing
Credits adapted from liner notes
All tracks are produced by Charlie Puth, except where noted.
Notes
signifies a co-producer
signifies an additional producer
"Boy" is stylized in uppercase letters
Sample credits
"If You Leave Me Now" contains an interpolation of "I Thought She Knew" by NSYNC
"Slow It Down" contains an interpolation of "I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)" by Hall & Oates
Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
Musicians
Charlie Puth – vocals, bass , instruments
Kehlani – featured vocals
Boyz II Men – featured vocals
James Taylor – featured vocals
Jan Ozveren – guitar
Dmitry Gorodetsky – bass
Carl Falk – bass
Johan Carlsson – instruments
Production
Charlie Puth – production
Rickard Göransson – production
Jason Evigan – additional production
Johan Carlsson – co-production
Technical personnel
Charlie Puth – recording ,mixing
Ryan Gladieux – Kehlani vocals recording
Manny Marroquin – mixing
Chris Galland – mixing assistance
Jeff Jackson – mixing assistance
Dave Kutch – mastering
Carolyn Tracey – project manager
Artwork
Alex R. Kirzhner – design
Jimmy Fontaine – photography
Billy Walsh – styling
Michael Kanyon – grooming
Madison Blue – grooming
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
References
2018 albums
Albums recorded in a home studio
Atlantic Records albums
Charlie Puth albums
Albums produced by Jason Evigan
Albums produced by Johan Carlsson |
G.I. Blues is a 1960 American musical comedy film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Elvis Presley and Juliet Prowse. The moviePresley’s fifth, but his first after discharge from the US Armywas filmed at Paramount Pictures studio, with some pre-production scenery shot on location in Germany while Presley was stationed there. The movie won a 2nd place Laurel Award in the category of Top Musical of 1960.
Plot
U.S. Army Specialist Tulsa McLean is a tank crewman with a singing career. Serving with the 3rd Armored Division in West Germany, McLean dreams of running his own nightclub when he leaves the army, but such dreams don't come cheap. Tulsa and his buddies have formed a band and perform in various German "Gasthauses", night clubs, and on an Armed Forces stage. In one bar, he even discovers the record "Blue Suede Shoes" on a jukeboxsung by some guy named Elvis Presley.
To raise money, Tulsa places a bet that his tank commander, Dynamite, can spend the night with a club dancer named Lili, who is rumoured to be hard to get since she turned down another soldier, Turk. Dynamite and Turk have vied for women before when the two were stationed in Hawaii. When Dynamite gets transferred to Alaska, Tulsa is brought in to take his place in the bet. He is not looking forward to it, but must go through with it.
Tulsa uses his Southern charm and calls Lili "ma'am." She at first sees Tulsa as another Occupation Duty GI. Then after a day on the Rhine, Lili begins to fall for him. Tulsa's friend Cookie, meanwhile, falls in love with Lili's roommate, Tina from Italy. In the end, Rick's and Marla's baby son Tiger helps Tulsa win the bet for the outfitand Lili's heart.
Cast
In addition, in uncredited roles, Edson Stroll appears as Dynamite, while Presley's real band mates, Scotty Moore and D. J. Fontana, and his regular backup singers, The Jordanaires, perform onscreen in those same roles.
Background
Elvis Presley's Army career began in 1958, and by 1960 it had been two years since Presley had made his last film, King Creole. Despite his previous three films being mostly slammed by the critics, they warmed to King Creole and its star. Presley felt confident that he had a future in acting after this praise and he was looking forward to returning to Hollywood after his time in the army.
The script was written by Edmund Beloin and Henry Garson, who had done the final revisions for Hal Wallis on Don't Give Up the Ship. In 1958 they came up with an original treatment for an Elvis Presley movie called Christmas in Berlin. It was later known as Cafe Europa before becoming GI Blues.
Eight months prior to Presley being discharged, in August 1959, producer Hal Wallis visited with him in Germany to go over the script for G.I. Blues and film some on-location scenes. Although some scenes were used in the final film, Presley did not film at any time during his time there. Elvis' double, Private First Class Tom Creel, was used for some shots.
The U.S. Army supplied tanks and vehicles on manoeuvres to be used in the filming, and appointed public information officer John J. Mawn as technical advisor for the film. Mawn had presided over Presley's military press conferences.
Presley returned to the U.S. in March 1960 and began work on the film in late April.
Hal Wallis originally wanted Michael Curtiz to direct but eventually selected Norman Taurog. Dolores Hart, Joan Blackman and Ursula Andress were all tested to play the female lead before deciding on Juliet Prowse.
Reception and box office
The film received mixed reviews from critics. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was noncommittal, mostly remarking on Presley's new clean-cut image: "Gone is that rock 'n' roll wriggle, that ludicrously lecherous leer, that precocious country-bumpkin image, that unruly mop of oily hair ... Elvis is now a fellow you can almost stand." Variety remarked that the film "restores Elvis Presley to the screen in a picture that seems to have been left over from the frivolous filmusicals of World War II" and called it "rather juvenile." Harrison's Reports graded the film as "Fair-to-good ... The cast performs well and direction and production values are good. A prime attraction, aside from Juliet Prowse is the beautiful scenery of Europe in wondrous Technicolor." John L. Scott of the Los Angeles Times wrote in a generally positive review, "I wouldn't actually call Elvis sophisticated in the picture, but he has grown up, for which we give thanks. And he's learning how to act, too, particularly in the lighter sequences. I'm certain most mature theatergoers will welcome the change in Presley. Now as for his squealing teenage fans—it is hoped they also will go along with the metamorphosis." Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post write that the film "probably will satisfy the audiences for which it has been so awarely, if depressingly, created." The Monthly Film Bulletin dismissed the picture as "a series of numbers loosely strung around a trite and thin and terribly insubstantial plot. Juliet Prowse manoeuvres her superbly engineered torso through two meagre dances with infectious exuberance, but she deserves a better rôle and a more mature leading man; certainly one with more genuine fire than Presley."
The film opened at the Victoria Theater in New York City on November 4, 1960 grossing $31,000 in its first week. After opening in more cities in Thanksgiving week, it reached number 2 on Variety'''s weekly national box office chart. It finished the year as the fourteenth biggest box office grossing film of the year generating $4.3 million.
Despite critics being dismissive of the overall plot, the film was nominated for three awards in 1961: Best Soundtrack album Grammy, Grammy for Best Vocal Performance, Album, Male, and WGA Best Written Musical.
The success of G.I. Blues may have been the catalyst for the formulaic films that Presley was to make for much of the 1960s. His next two films, Flaming Star and Wild in the Country, were more straight acting vehicles, with fewer songs and a more serious approach to the plot lines. However, despite Presley relishing a meatier role and enjoying the chance to act dramatically, both films were less successful at the box office than G.I. Blues had been, resulting in a return to the musical-comedy genre with Blue Hawaii as his next film role. Blue Hawaii proved to be even more profitable than G.I. Blues. Currently on Rotten Tomatoes, the film has 0% rating based on 5 critics reviews.
Soundtrack
The G.I. Blues soundtrack album was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1960 in the categories Best Sound Track Album Or Recording Of Original Cast From A Motion Picture Or Television and Best Vocal Performance Album, Male. Edmund Beloin and Henry Garson were both nominated in 1961 by the Writers Guild of America for G.I. Blues'' in the category of Best Written American Musical.
See also
List of American films of 1960
References
External links
Elvis News Network - GI Blues
Movie reviews
Comprehensive review by Chad Plambeck at 3-B Theater
Review by Dan Jardine at Apollo Movie Guide.
Review by Andy Webb at The Movie Scene.
DVD Reviews
Review of the movie collection "Lights! Camera! Elvis! Collection (King Creole, Blue Hawaii, G.I. Blues, Fun in Acapulco, Roustabout, Girls! Girls! Girls!, Paradise, Hawaiian Style, Easy Come, Easy Go) By Noel Murray at The AV Club, August 29, 2007.
Review of the movie collection "Lights! Camera! Elvis! Collection (King Creole, Blue Hawaii, G.I. Blues, Fun in Acapulco, Roustabout, Girls! Girls! Girls!, Paradise, Hawaiian Style, Easy Come, Easy Go) by Paul Mavis at DVD Talk, August 6, 2007.
Review by Fusion3600 at DVD Authority.
1960 films
1960 musical comedy films
1960 romantic comedy films
American musical comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American romantic musical films
1960s English-language films
Military humor in film
Puppet films
Films set in West Germany
Films shot in Germany
Paramount Pictures films
Films directed by Norman Taurog
Films produced by Hal B. Wallis
Films about the United States Army
West German films
1960s American films |
Barrier Reef Institute of TAFE was a government-owned Technical and Further Education college with 17 campuses across North Queensland, Australia. It catered to domestic and international markets with a wide range of academic programs at the Certificate and Diploma levels. The TAFE catered for approximately over 14,700 students from regional, national and international level.
In 2013, Barrier Reef Institute of TAFE merged with Tropical North Queensland TAFE to form TAFE Queensland North.
Notable students
Gail Mabo, 2004–2007
References
External links
TAFE Queensland North
Townsville
TAFE Queensland
Education in Queensland |
Senator Hadley may refer to:
Galen Hadley (born 1942), Nebraska State Senate
Jackson Hadley (1815–1867), Wisconsin State Senate
Ozra Amander Hadley (1826–1873), Arkansas State Senate
William F. L. Hadley (1847–1901), Illinois State Senate |
In computing, Russification involves the localization of computers and software, allowing the user interface of a computer and its software to communicate in the Russian language using Cyrillic script.
Problems associated with Russification before the advent of Unicode included the absence of a single character-encoding standard for Cyrillic (see Cyrillic script#Computer encoding).
History of the MS-DOS Russification
The first official Russification of MS-DOS was carried out for MS-DOS 4.01 in 1989/1990, released on . In Microsoft, the Russification project manager and one of its main developers was Nikolai Lyubovny (Николай Любовный). A Russian version of MS-DOS 5.0 was also developed in 1991, released on . Based on an initiative of Microsoft Germany in March 1991, derivates of the Russian MS-DOS 5.0 drivers used for keyboard, display and printer localization support (DISPLAY.SYS, EGS.CPI , EGA2.CPI, KEYB.COM, KEYBOARD.SYS, MSPRINT.SYS, COUNTRY.SYS, ALPHA.EXE) could also be purchased separately (with English messages) as part of Microsoft's AlphabetPlus kit. This enabled English issues of MS-DOS 3.3, 4.01 and 5.0 to be set up for Eastern European countries like Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania and Bulgaria.
Russification of Microsoft Windows
A comprehensive instruction set for computer Russification is maintained by Paul Gorodyansky. It is mirrored in many places and recommended by the U.S. Library of Congress.
See also
Cyrillization
GOST 10859
Romanization of Russian
АДОС, unrelated to Russian MS-DOS
PTS-DOS
Mojibake
References
External links
Modern Online (Virtual) Keyboard for Russian (not just alphabet order)
Online Keyboard for Russian
Virtual Russian Online Keyboard with Spellcheck
User interfaces
Russian language
Russification
Computing in the Soviet Union |
```c
/*
===========================================================================
This file is part of Quake III Arena source code.
Quake III Arena source code is free software; you can redistribute it
or (at your option) any later version.
Quake III Arena source code is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with Quake III Arena source code; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
===========================================================================
*/
//
//
// g_mem.c
//
#include "g_local.h"
#define POOLSIZE (256 * 1024)
static char memoryPool[POOLSIZE];
static int allocPoint;
void *G_Alloc( int size ) {
char *p;
if ( g_debugAlloc.integer ) {
G_Printf( "G_Alloc of %i bytes (%i left)\n", size, POOLSIZE - allocPoint - ( ( size + 31 ) & ~31 ) );
}
if ( allocPoint + size > POOLSIZE ) {
G_Error( "G_Alloc: failed on allocation of %i bytes", size );
return NULL;
}
p = &memoryPool[allocPoint];
allocPoint += ( size + 31 ) & ~31;
return p;
}
void G_InitMemory( void ) {
allocPoint = 0;
}
void Svcmd_GameMem_f( void ) {
G_Printf( "Game memory status: %i out of %i bytes allocated\n", allocPoint, POOLSIZE );
}
``` |
is a Japanese actress, TV personality and was also a former AV idol who was very popular in the early 2000s.
Life and career
Nao Oikawa was born in Hiroshima. Her family moved to Tokyo when she was a little girl. At age 18, when she graduated from high school and began design school, she met a scout who proposed she become an AV idol. "That time, my hair was bleached and curly. My agency told me to get my hair back to straight black. One day in the office, one staff picked Oikawa as family name from a book, another staff picked Nao from another book. This is where my stage name came from."
AV career
Debut
Oikawa's debut was not easy. AV producers did not think that she had special talent in their genre. She used her time for studying popular porn stars' acting (especially, she learned many things from Kurumi Morishita).
Finally, Oikawa made her debut adult video at age nineteen for the Media Station Cosmos Plan label in September 2000. Then she released some videos from Alice Japan, Momotaro, etc., but she could not get big success. In her first year of adult work, she made only a few videos, including a softcore V-Cinema movie, Virgin Teacher Hinako in September 2001.
Taking off
In Spring 2002, Oikawa began an association with the new KMP Million label, most of them under the direction of Goro Tameike. She said that Tameike showed her the way to go. Her first video with KMP and Tameike, Another Side of Nao Oikawa, involved anal sex and forced fellatio. One of her male partners is famed porn actor Taka Kato About same time, she began to work with Soft On Demand and Moodyz which produced her most popular AV works. More than half of her AV work are produced in 2002.
KMP exclusive
In Spring 2003, Oikawa signed exclusive contract with KMP which continued until her retirement. Together with Ran Monbu, Saori Kamiya and Hitomi Hayasaka, she was part of the exclusive group of actresses that KMP used for promotion under the name . Another Side of Nao Oikawa 2, was even more hardcore with lesbian strap-on sex, forced fellatio and vomiting, multiple partner fellatio and vibrator play. Once again Taka Kato takes part in the action. On a gentler note, Oikawa appeared with Kurumi Morishita in a June 2003 production by KMP entitled Forest in Nude. Directed by TOHJIRO, this lesbian genre video is a "soft, bittersweet story of two friends who remember the days of their youth and the sexual experiences they had".
Popularity and recognition
At her peak, Oikawa was one of the most popular and well-known AV Idols in Japan. In 2003 (the earliest date available) she was #1 in the DMM list of the 100 top-ranked actresses by sales on their website. In 2004, even though she had retired in mid-year, she was still ranked #2, and even in 2005 she made the top 50 at #42. There have since been numerous re-issues and compilations of her earlier videos.
Oikawa, along with fellow AV actress Mariko Kawana, actor Taka Kato, director Goro Tameike and Soft On Demand founder Ganari Takahashi, was among the 17 people interviewed for Misato Nakayama's study of professionals in the adult industry, , published in January 2006 by Ohzora ().
In 2012, the major Japanese adult video distributor DMM held a poll of its customers to choose the 100 all-time best AV actresses to celebrate the 30th anniversary of adult videos in Japan. Oikawa finished in 42nd place in the voting.
Actress and TV personality
TV appearances
Like AV idols Nana Natsume and Sora Aoi, Oikawa has been able to use her fame in the AV industry to enter mainstream media work. Soon after her retirement from adult videos, she acted in and directed an episode of the Japanese TV horror series Fantazuma: Cursed House or Fantazuma: Noroi no yakata (ファンタズマ〜呪いの館〜) which aired on TV Tokyo in July 2004. She also played a role in the 2004 comedy-horror TV series directed by Takashi Shimizu on TV Tokyo.
From 2005 to 2006, Oikawa appeared on various midnight TV show including Ikari Oyaji 3.
SFX actress
On November 11, 2005 Oikawa made a guest appearance in the 6th episode of GARO. It was her first appearance on Tokusatsu sfx series. GARO'''s action director Makoto Yokoyama says Oikawa's supple body is suitable to sfx action. On November 9, 2007 she made a guest appearance in the 6th episode of Tsuburaya Productions mini-series Ultraseven X.Oikawa was cast as Negi's advisor "Shizuna Minamoto" in the 2007-08 late-night TV Tokyo series Negima!: Magister Negi Magi based on the manga of the same name about a young male wizard from Wales (Negi, played by a 13-year-old girl) and his 31 female students.
Not same as above are all midnight dramas, Oikawa played the role of villainess Kegalesia in the TV Asahi tokusatsu TV series for kids Engine Sentai Go-onger which ran from February 17, 2008, through February 8, 2009. In the September 21, 2008 episode, Oikawa and her co-stars Rina Aizawa and Yumi Sugimoto teamed up as the one-off G3 Princess singing group, releasing both an EP and a CD box set featuring the group's song G3 Princess Rap ~Pretty Love Limited~ and Oikawa's solo character song Utopia. She also appeared in the Kamen Rider Decade epilogue portion of the December 2009 film Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider W & Decade: Movie War 2010 as the Bee Woman of Shocker.
Other activities
From November to December 2007 Oikawa performed her first lead stage role in a three-person drama called Night Mess. In September 2010 she will take a role in a vampire drama called Blood Prisoner. Some staff members and actors in both dramas are tokusatsu specialists.
Oikawa's family enjoys playing Mahjong as a recreational activity. As a result, she has over 20 years' experience playing the game. Using this experience, she frequently appears in Mahjong related V-Cinemas, TV shows, and various events.
Filmography
Film and V-Cinema
TV Drama
Variety DVD
Adult videos
Note
(1) Cosmos Plan: Partially included in "Maximum Nao Oikawa"(ASIN:B0029AJQ2C).
(2) Alice Japan: Partially included in "Alice Pink File Nao Oikawa"(ASIN:B003L14PME).
(3) Alice Japan: Remastered and reproduced with original title.
(4) Momotaro: Included in "Scramble" 1, 2(ASIN:B001HQLV36, B001KEM0GM).
(5) TMA: Included in "Nao Oikawa History History 16 Hours"(ASIN:B003BLEARY).
(6) Moodyz: Partially included in "Hyper Digital Mosaic 4 Hours"(ASIN:B000M9BN7S).
(7) Moodyz: Included in "Perfect Collection 8 Hours"(ASIN:B001W00692).
(8) TMA: Remastered and reproduced with original title.
(9) KMP: Remastered and reproduced with original title ('Timeless masterpiece' series).
(10) SOD: Partially included in "Digital Remaster Director's Cut 8 Hours"(ASIN:B003U3NAMO).
(11) AUDAZ JAPAN: Remastered and reproduced with original title.
(12) KMP: Partially included in "All About Nao Oikawa" 1, 2(ASIN:B002C8YURC, B002F7IAC6).
(13) Maxing: Included in "Star File Nao Oikawa"(ASIN:B004B7ZRT2).
(14) ROOKIE: Included in "Kiseki - Nao Oikawa Super Collection 8 Hours Special".
(15) ROOKIE: Partially included in "Kiseki - Nao Oikawa Super Collection 8 Hours Special".
Talk show
Stage
Photobooks
Discography
Miscellaneous
Miku and Ran: Scenario for cartoon on internet. Serialized from March 2009.
NAO OIKAWA'S FRUIT SCANDAL - Pachinko Machine (Heiwa Corporation): From 2009 summer to 2010 winter, for 3 versions, total 20,000 machines supposed to be shipped.
A Letter from Ancient Capital Kyoto'': Photograph, Reading poetry by Nao Oikawa, Music by Tsugutoshi Goto, Phone-Cast from April 27, 2010.
Notes
Sources
External links
Nao Oikawa at Sony Music Artist
G3 Princess at Columbia Music Entertainment
1981 births
Living people
Japanese pornographic film actresses
Japanese television personalities |
A Fabel is a critical analysis of the plot of a play. It is a dramaturgical technique that was pioneered by Bertolt Brecht, a 20th century German theatre practitioner.
Fabel should not be confused with 'fable', which is a form of short narrative (hence the retention of the original German spelling in its adoption into English usage). Elizabeth Wright argues that it is "a term of art which cannot be adequately translated".
A critical term
As a critical term, a fabel includes three interrelated but distinct aspects: firstly, an analysis of the events portrayed in the story. In an epic production, this analysis would focus on the social interactions between the characters and the causality of their behaviour from a historical materialist perspective; the fabel summarizes "the moral of the story not in a merely ethical sense, but also in a socio-political one". For example, in relation to Brecht's play Man Equals Man (1926), Wright argues that "[t]he fabel of this play centres on the transformation of an individual through his insertion into a collective."
Secondly, a fabel analyzes the plot from a formal and semiotic perspective. This includes the play's dramatic structure and its formal shaping of the events portrayed. It also includes an analysis of the semiotic fabric of the play, recognizing that it "does not simply correspond to actual events in the collective life of human beings, but consists of invented happenings [and that t]he stage figures are not simple representations of living persons, but invented and shaped in response to ideas."
Thirdly, a fabel analyzes the attitudes that the play appears to embody and articulate (in the sense of the author's, the characters' and, eventually, the company's). Brecht refers to this aspect of a play as its Gestus. Analyzing a play in this way presupposes Brecht's recognition that every play encodes such attitudes; "for art to be 'unpolitical'", he argued in his "Short Organum for the Theatre" (1949), "means only to ally itself with the 'ruling' group".
A practical tool
As a practical tool, fabels form part of the process of engaging with a play-text undertaken by a company when mounting a production of a play. A fabel is a piece of creative writing, usually made by a dramaturg or the director, that summarizes the plot of a play in such a way as to emphasize the production's interpretation of that play-text. It is produced in order to make clear the company's particular way of understanding and rendering the story. In this respect, it is related to the concept of Gestus (insofar as this renders an action and an attitude towards that action simultaneously); a fabel indicates the sequence of gestic episodes that constitute the dramatic or theatrical narrative.
Carl Weber, who worked as a director with Brecht at his Berliner Ensemble, explains that:
"[w]hat he [Brecht] called fabel was the plot of the play told as a sequence of interactions, describing each event in the dialectic fashion developed by Hegel, Marx and, in Brecht’s last years, also by Mao. This may sound quite theoretical, but in Brecht’s practice the fabel was something utterly concrete and practical. Acting, music, the visual elements of the staging, in short, everything an audience perceived, had to contribute to the storytelling and make it lucid, convincing, entertaining and ‘elegant’--as Brecht liked to put it. One result was that the Ensemble’s productions were quite well understood by international audiences who could not follow the German text. Brecht insisted that the configuration and movement of actors and objects on stage should clearly ‘tell the fabel’. If they were to watch a play through a glass wall blocking all sound, the audience should still be able to follow the essential story. He also insisted that each of the performance elements: acting, design, music and so forth, should remain a recognisable separate entity while it contributed to the fabel’s presentation. Brecht liked to speak of a 'storytelling arrangement', which meant the specific blocking of actors and all props employed in a scene. He regarded this arrangement as the most important means to achieve a clear presentation of the fabel, and the term 'scenic writing' may best convey what he was aiming for. [. . .] The thorough and extremely detailed preparation included countless discussions in which a text was dissected to determine which fabel it might yield."
As Weber's reference here to 'scenic writing' suggests, a director or other company member may produce multiple fabels during the course of a production, each detailing and clarifying a different aspect of the process: a dramatic analysis; an interpretive proposal; an initial springboard position from which to initiate a process of exploration and experiment in rehearsals; a description of individual production aspects (the lighting fabel, the sound Fabel, the visual or scenic design fabel, etc.); an account of progress made at different stages of the rehearsal process; individual actor performance and character behaviour fabels. Virtually any aspect of the theatrical process of production may be explored through the use of a specific fabel.
John Willett, Brecht's English translator, suggests that:
"[t]he primary principle which [Brecht] taught his collaborators was that of the fabel or story. The chain of events must be clearly and strongly established not just in the production, but beforehand in the actual play. Where it was not clear it was up to the ‘Dramaturg’ to alter the text, in order to cut unnecessary entanglements and come to the point. The play itself might be by Farquhar or Gerhart Hauptmann, Lenz or Molière, but ‘the writer’s words are only sacred insofar as they are true’. This went for Brecht’s own words as well, and his plays were subject to continual small changes even in the course of a single run. Atmosphere and ‘psychology’ did not matter as such; everything would emerge given a clear and credible sequence of concrete events. ‘Each scene,’ says a writer in Theaterarbeit,
is subdivided into a succession of episodes. Brecht produces as though each of these little episodes could be taken out of the play and performed on its own. They are meticulously realized, down to the smallest detail.
The chain of events had become his substitute for the tidy, comprehensive ‘plot’. Thus the "Short Organum":
As we cannot invite the public to fling itself into the story as if it were a river, and let itself be swept vaguely to and fro, the individual events have to be knotted together in such a way that the knots are easily seen. The events must not succeed one another indistinguishably but must give us a chance to interpose our judgment.
‘Playing according to the sense’, the Ensemble calls it; and the sense is what Brecht tried to get clear in any play, first for himself and his collaborators, then for the audience too.Hence, for example, his emphasis on that side of Shakespeare’s work which is so often neglected: the actual story. ‘It is a long time,’ he found, ‘since our theatre played these scenes for the events contained in them; they are played only for the outbursts of temperament which the events allow.’ [. . . ]
In such conferences Brecht would get his colleagues to make a written or verbal précis of the play, and later they would have to write descriptions of an actual performance. Both were practice in distilling the incidents that count.
A fabel specifies, narrativizes, and objectifies the attitudes and activities involved in the process of producing a play. In doing so, it enables company members to dialecticize that process—in the sense that a particular fabel provides a fixed 'snapshot' of a transitory and constantly developing process in a form that enables comparisons to be made. These comparisons may be between the description in the Fabel and the reality of the production as it stands or between different fabels (which have been generated by the production either at different stages of the process or in relation to different aspects—lighting, sound, blocking, etc.---of it); for example, having produced a Fabel at the beginning of the rehearsal process, the director may return to it near the end of rehearsals to check that the production is 'telling the story' intended (or, alternatively, to clarify the ways in which that story has changed as a result of rehearsal exploration and development).
The use of fabels does not predetermine the style of production nor does it necessarily require an epic dramaturgy or aesthetic (the elimination of suspense and mystery, defamiliarization effects, etc.), despite having originated in Brechtian practice. The creation of Fabels is an attempt to achieve clarity for the producers (actors, director, designers) rather than the audience (which would characterize an epic production). One may create psychological (in a Stanislavskian approach) or metaphysical (in an Artaudian approach) fabels as well as the social ones that Brecht explored.
See also
Bertolt Brecht
Dramatic Structure
Dramaturgy
Dramaturg
References
Acting
Bertolt Brecht theories and techniques
Plot (narrative)
Stage terminology |
Upkar Singh Kapoor (born 12 September 1937) is a Ugandan field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He is the brother of Ugandan hockey international player Jagdish Singh Kapoor.
References
External links
1937 births
Living people
People from Mbale District
Ugandan people of Indian descent
Ugandan people of Punjabi descent
Ugandan male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Uganda
Field hockey players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Eastern Region, Uganda |
Bethel Mission may refer to:
Bethel Mission, German East Africa
Bethel Mission, Shanghai
Bethel Mission School, India
See also
Bethel Institution |
In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol () is oxidized to an aldehyde () or ketone () using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine. It is one of the many oxidation reactions commonly referred to as 'activated DMSO' oxidations. The reaction is known for its mild character and wide tolerance of functional groups.
The by-products are dimethyl sulfide ((CH3)2S), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and—when triethylamine is used as base—triethylammonium chloride (Et3NHCl). Of the volatile by-products, dimethyl sulfide has a strong, pervasive odour and carbon monoxide is acutely toxic, so the reaction and the work-up needs to be performed in a fume hood. Dimethyl sulfide is a volatile liquid (B.P. 37 °C) with an unpleasant odour at even low concentrations.
Mechanism
The first step of the Swern oxidation is the low-temperature reaction of DMSO, 1a, formally as resonance contributor 1b, with oxalyl chloride, 2. The first intermediate, 3, quickly decomposes giving off carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and producing chloro(dimethyl)sulfonium chloride, 4.
After addition of the alcohol 5, the chloro(dimethyl)sulfonium chloride 4 reacts with the alcohol to give the key alkoxysulfonium ion intermediate, 6. The addition of at least 2 equivalents of base — typically triethylamine — will deprotonate the alkoxysulfonium ion to give the sulfur ylide 7. In a five-membered ring transition state, the sulfur ylide 7 decomposes to give dimethyl sulfide and the desired carbonyl compound 8.
Variations
When using oxalyl chloride as the dehydration agent, the reaction must be kept colder than −60 °C to avoid side reactions. With cyanuric chloride or trifluoroacetic anhydride instead of oxalyl chloride, the reaction can be warmed to −30 °C without side reactions. Other methods for the activation of DMSO to initiate the formation of the key intermediate 6 are the use of carbodiimides (Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation), a sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (Parikh–Doering oxidation) or acetic anhydride (Albright-Goldman oxidation). The intermediate 4 can also be prepared from dimethyl sulfide and N-chlorosuccinimide (the Corey–Kim oxidation).
In some cases, the use of triethylamine as the base can lead to epimerisation at the carbon alpha to the newly formed carbonyl. Using a bulkier base, such as diisopropylethylamine, can mitigate this side reaction.
Considerations
Dimethyl sulfide, a byproduct of the Swern oxidation, is one of the most notoriously unpleasant odors known in organic chemistry. Humans can detect this compound in concentrations as low as 0.02 to 0.1 parts per million. A simple remedy for this problem is to rinse used glassware with bleach or oxone solution, which will oxidize the dimethyl sulfide back to dimethyl sulfoxide or to dimethyl sulfone, both of which are odourless and nontoxic.
The reaction conditions allow oxidation of acid-sensitive compounds, which might decompose under the acidic oxidation conditions such as Jones oxidation. For example, in Thompson & Heathcock's synthesis of the sesquiterpene isovelleral, the final step uses the Swern protocol, avoiding rearrangement of the acid-sensitive cyclopropanemethanol moiety.
See also
Alcohol oxidation
Sulfonium-based oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes
Pyridinium chlorochromate
Jones oxidation
Oppenauer oxidation
Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation
Parikh–Doering oxidation
Albright-Goldman oxidation
Corey–Kim oxidation
Dess–Martin periodinane oxidation
Ley oxidation (TPAP oxidation)
TEMPO oxidation
References
External links
Organic Chemistry Portal
Organic oxidation reactions
Name reactions |
Lukens Steel Company, located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, is the oldest iron mill in commission within the United States.
In 1995, it was one of the three largest producers of plate steel and the largest domestic manufacturer of alloy-plate. It is ranked fourth out of 24 public steel corporations in profitability, earning 14.8% equity five years in a row. The company produces carbon, alloy, and clad steel plates along with stainless steel sheets, strips, plates, hot bands, and slabs.
History
18th century
Isaac Pennock established The Federal Slitting Mill in 1793 on Buck Run, a tributary of Brandywine Creek about four miles south of Coatesville, Pennsylvania.
19th century
After receiving a loan in 1810, Pennock went into a partnership with Jesse Kersey to form Brandywine Iron Works and Nail Factory. Kersey's father-in-law was Moses Coates, a member of the founding family of Coatesville. After seven years as partners, Pennock bought Kersey's share of the business and then leased it to his son-in-law, Dr. Charles Lloyd Lukens. The following year the mill became the first in the United States to produce boilerplates and soon joined the shipbuilding industry. In 1818, Lukens produced the iron for the first iron-hull vessel in the United States.
Dr. Charles Lloyd Lukens died in 1825, leaving the steel mill to his wife Rebecca Lukens. This inheritance made Rebecca Lukens the first woman in the United States to be a part of the iron industry. She was also the first female chief executive officer of an industrial company. She became a huge icon for the steel mill when she saved it from bankruptcy by making the company the nation's chief producer of boilerplates. They were sent to England to be used in some of the first railway locomotives.
When Rebecca retired in 1847 she became a silent partner with Abraham Gibbons, who was one of her sons-in-law, and was the sole manager of the mill. The company was known as A. Gibbons and Company. The following year Gibbons took on his brother-in-law, Dr. Charles Huston as a partner. Dr. Huston was also one of Rebecca's sons-in-law. In 1849 the men renamed the mill Gibbons and Huston. Gibbons had married Rebecca's oldest daughter Martha, while Dr. Charles Huston married the youngest Isabella. Not long after, Gibbons left the family business to become a co-founder of The Bank of Chester Valley. After Gibbons left, Isabella took the role as senior partner through her mother's estate. She also bought her sister Martha's share. Huston went on to build a new steam-powered mill in 1870. During 1881 the company started to produce steel and iron and changed the name from Gibbons and Huston to Charles Huston and Sons. After Rebecca died Isabella and Charles changed the name to Lukens Rolling Mill. With all the changes another mill had to be built in 1890 making the company the largest mill in the United States. Within the same year the mill changed from a family partnership to a corporation, converting the name to Lukens Iron and Steel.
Several years later in 1897 Dr. Huston died leaving the company to his sons, Abram Francis Huston who became president of the company and Charles Lukens Huston who became works manager. By 1882 Charles Lukens Huston made it a part of his daily routine to go around the mill and meet all the employees and was proud to be able to greet them by name. He also performed sermons to the men and women that worked and wanted to listen. Sales offices began to open all over, including Baltimore, Boston, Cincinnati, New Orleans and New York City. Not long after the opening the mill became the largest producer of open-hearth steel and steel plates on the Eastern side of the United States.
20th century
The Lukens Main Office Building was erected in 1902, and later expanded in 1916.
In 1903 Lukens had a new addition put on a steam-driven mill and that produced 136 inch wide steel plates. These were the largest plates being created in the United States. During 1917 the company adjusted the name again to Lukens Steel Company. Continuing through the year Lukens started to produce 204 inch steel plates making it the creator of the World's largest plate. Two years later the plates increased another two inches to 206, staying at the World's largest plate mill for over 40 years.
In 1925 Abram Huston's son-in-law, Robert Wolcott, took his place as president of the mill. During World War I the company lost money but returned into good fortune in 1929 with a net income of $876,563 on sales nearing $20.4 million. Wolcott pushed the company through the tough times of The Great Depression. Production rates fell from 446,774 tons to 165,731 tons. Wolcott made a lot of cost reductions, intensive sales, and additional services such as partial fabrications before shipment in attempt to save the company. In 1930 the clad plate, which includes permanent bonding of two or more different metals that protects against rust, corrosion and abrasion, was brought to the production line. This gave Lukens the biggest inclusive line of clad steel in the business.
1937 led to an agreement with the Steel Workers Organization Committee. They accommodated the union members for a compromised agreement pertaining to wages, hours and benefits. By 1940 the company's debt was reduced and it was ready to prepare for the incoming demands of World War II. The U.S. Navy built a finishing mill that Lukens leased and operated to meet the demands. They named a Liberty ship after Rebecca Lukens. When 1944 rolled around the employment reached a record high of 6,166. As the war came to a close the profits hit a new record of $2.8 million, net sales hit $61.5 million and production of steel was at 578,461 tons. In 1949 Wolcott was succeeded by Charles Lukens Huston Jr. making him the 5th generation to own the company.
The greatest production of steel was in 1953 when the mill produced 763,461 tons. Net sales reached $130.5 million and income at $10.2 million in 1957. A year later a new steel producing facility was built surrounding a 100-ton electric furnace. The Coatesville mill now covered and of building space.
Lukens supplied the steel beams used in construction of the World Trade Center in New York.
1970 brought completed construction of a $12.8 million strand casting facility that produced steel slabs faster and reduced handling costs. By 1974 production of raw steel reach 958,000 tons and net sales reached $283.4 million. Huston Jr. retired that year ending the family dynasty since 1810. The following year the mill equipped four enormous electric furnaces that phased out the open-hearth furnaces. Economic problems hit the company hard in the late 70's. High energy costs, interest rates, and employment costs as well as competition from other metals and cheap imported material put a decrease on net income from 4.2% to 1.3% and plates sales dropped from 11% to 8%.
W.R. Wilson became president and chief executive officer in 1980. In 1981, Lukens acquired General Steel Industries Inc., a producer of steel, crushing and conveying machinery, reflective highway signs, and protective coats for oil and gas pipelines, for $66 million. The company also bought 3.6 miles of railroad from Conrail called Brandywine Valley Railroad Co. The next year, Lukens would make two small purchases each year and one large every three years with non-steel productions. That same year steel was removed from the name to become Lukens Inc. From January through September 1982 in order to decrease costs the company reduced its work force by 22% and cut employee's pay 10%.
Over the following year the mill lost $14 million putting it back into the red zone for the first time since 1938. Profit came back when Wilson cut costs by $50 million over four years. In order to do so he had to let go of half of the white-collar salaried staff. He was also able to straighten out a thirteen-year lawsuit by agreeing to pay 1,300 black workforce members $2.5 million in reimbursement and arranged to put a target to fill 18% of its hours and salary positions with black workers.
1988 earned a profit of $33.4 million on sales of $605.3 million and Lukens sold Canadian Lukens. The company won the largest single order in history. It consisted of a $74 million contract to supply carbon and military alloy plates over five years to be used in construction of two Nimitz-class nuclear aircraft carriers, at the time the largest warships in the world. By the next year the company hit a record profit of $41.5 million on sales of $644.9 million. Military orders turned the company around once again. The mill supplied alloy plate steel for projects like the Army's Abrams tank and the Navy's Aegis class cruisers, ballistic missiles and submarines.
Around October 1991 a walkout over financial and healthcare issues caused 1,200 plus workers at Lukens to unite at the Coatesville mill. The workers wanted to eliminate contracting out. Nonunion workers were hired to perform duties not directly tied to making steel along with salaried employees kept the mill running. About 85% of the normal production was kept going during the 105-day walkout that ended with the strikers not getting what they wanted.
In 1992, Lukens purchased Washington Steel Corporation for $273.7 million. Washington gave Lukens enough volume to rationalize building a new rolling mill in Conshohocken, Pa adaptable to stainless and carbon products. This system was called Steckel Mill Advanced Rolling Technology (SMART). The SMART technology was able to produce stainless coil plates up to 102 inches when the former limit was 60 inches.
New chairmen and CEO R.W Van Sant sold Flex-O-Light producer of highway safety products, Ludlow-Saylor division, South Central Florida Express, Inc. in 1994 and Energy Coating Co to Dresser Industries Inc in 1995, which brought Lukens $70 million. Producing raw steel from an electric-arc furnace at the Coatesville plant produced 70% of their slabs. The Washington Stainless Group including the Washington Steel Corp's melting, continuous casting and hot-rolling facilities in Houston, Pa and the rolling and finishing facilities were in Washington, Pa.
Bethlehem Steel eventually bought Lukens in 1997 for $400 million in cash and stock.
21st century
In 2003, International Steel Group Inc (ISG) bought Bethlehem for $1.5 billion. The following year ISG was bought out by Mittal Steel for $4.5 billion. In 2006 Mittal Steel and Arcelor merged to make a steel company three times the size of any other steel company for $33.6 billion.
In early 2015, during the restoration of a home that once belonged to Rebecca Lukens, a trove of business correspondence from 1834 was found inside the walls. Historians have begun studying the letters and fragments to learn more about the company and the state of the commerce that was happening at the time.
On September 28, 2020, Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the United States steel mill interests of ArcelorMittal, including Lukens.
Name changes
The Federal Slitting Mill
Brandywine Iron Works and Nail Factory
A.Gibbons and Company
Gibbons and Huston
Charles Huston and Sons
Lukens Rolling Mill
Lukens Iron and Steel
Lukens Steel Company
Lukens Inc
Lukens Steel Inc
Bethlehem Steel
International Steel Group
Mittal Steel
ArcelorMittal
Cleveland-Cliffs
Industrial accomplishments
Rolled plates for the Codorus (America's first iron-hulled vessel)
Boilerplates for riverboats in New Orleans
Boilerplates for Baldwin Locomotives for the Pennsylvania and other Railroads
Fireboxes for railroad locomotives
Battleships armor and light tank armor for the Navy
Steel for the battleship USS New Jersey
Antiaircraft-gun bases and other fabricated steel parts for the Army
Keel plates for the aircraft carriers USS Saratoga and [[USS Forrestal|USS Forrestal]]
Steel for the (first nuclear-powered submarine)
Plates for the hull on flight decks and plane launchers on the USS Enterprise (first nuclear-powered carrier)
Eyebars to anchor the cables of bridges for the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York harbor
Plates for the Throgs Neck in New York City
Plates for the Walt Whitman Bridge in Philadelphia
Fabricated materials for the NS Savannah'' (first atomic-powered commercial ship)
Arched column supports for New York City's World Trade Center (the only thing left standing after 9/11)
Steel for ice-crushing bow on the USS Manhattan (largest in the U.S. at its time)
Two Nimitz-class nuclear aircraft carriers (largest warships in the world)
Steel for the Coulee Dam
Steel for the St. Louis Arch
Steel for the One World Trade Center.
References
External links
Greystones Society
Images from Lukens Steel
New York Times
L.A Times 2003
L.A Times 2006
Charles Lukens Huston papers at Hagley Museum and Library
Steel companies of the United States
ArcelorMittal
Companies based in Chester County, Pennsylvania
Ironworks and steel mills in Pennsylvania
History of Chester County, Pennsylvania
Companies with year of establishment missing |
Cacamacihuatl was a Queen of Tenochtitlan as a wife of the King Huitzilihuitl. She was a mother of Prince Tlacaelel I (born 1397 or 1398) and grandmother of Cacamatzin and Tlilpotoncatzin.
Family
See also
List of Tenochtitlan rulers
Ayauhcihuatl
Notes
External links
Tenochca nobility
Queens of Tenochtitlan |
Sports Leadership and Management Charter School (SLAM) is a public charter school for intermediate and secondary grade levels in Little Havana, Miami, Florida.
There are two other SLAM campuses: By 2015 the Henderson, Nevada campus opened, and in 2016 the West Palm Beach, Florida campus opened.
The rapper Pitbull founded SLAM, which opened in 2013. He chose to focus the school on vocational studies to attract students who were uninterested in academic subjects. He formed a partnership between the school and the Miami Marlins.
Programs
By 2021 the Miami campus had the only high school student-operated Sirius XM station.
References
External links
Sports Leadership and Management Charter School
Schools in Miami
High schools in Miami
Public middle schools in Florida
Public high schools in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Charter schools in Florida |
Pseudostenaspis hermanni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Pseudostenaspis.
References
Trachyderini
Monotypic beetle genera |
Perfluorononanoic acid, or PFNA, is a synthetic perfluorinated carboxylic acid and fluorosurfactant that is also an environmental contaminant found in people and wildlife along with PFOS and PFOA.
Chemistry and properties
In acidic form it is a highly reactive strong acid. In its conjugate base form as a salt it is stable and commonly ion paired with ammonium. In the commercial product Surflon S-111 (CAS 72968-3-88) it is the primary compound present by weight. PFNA is used as surfactant for the production of the fluoropolymer polyvinylidene fluoride. It is produced mainly in Japan by the oxidation of a linear fluorotelomer olefin mixture containing F(CF2)8CH=CH2. It can also be synthesized by the carboxylation of F(CF2)8I. PFNA can form from the biodegradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol. Additionally, it is considered a probable degradation product of many other compounds.
PFNA is the largest perfluorinated carboxylic acid surfactant. Fluorocarbon derivatives with terminal carboxylates are only surfactants when they possess five to nine carbons. Fluorosurfactants reduce the surface tension of water down to half of what hydrocarbon surfactants can by concentrating at the liquid-air interface due to the lipophobicity of fluorocarbons. PFNA is very stable and is not known to degrade in the environment by oxidative processes because of the strength of the carbon–fluorine bond and the electronegativity of fluorine.
Environmental and health concerns
Like the eight-carbon PFOA, the nine-carbon PFNA is a developmental toxicant and an immune system toxicant. However, longer chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are considered more bioaccumulative and toxic. PFNA is an agonist of the nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ. In the years between 1999–2000 and 2003–2004, the geometric mean of PFNA increased from 0.5 parts per billion to 1.0 parts per billion in the US population's blood serum. and has also been found in human follicular fluid In a cross-sectional study of 2003–2004 US samples, a higher (13.9 milligram per deciliter) total cholesterol level was observed in when the highest quartile was compared to the lowest. Non-HDL cholesterol (or "bad cholesterol") levels were also higher in samples with more PFNA.
In bottlenose dolphins from Delaware Bay, PFNA was the perfluorinated carboxylic acid measured in the highest concentration in blood plasma; it was found in concentrations well over 100 parts per billion. PFNA has been detected in polar bears in concentrations over 400 parts per billion. PFNA was the perfluorinated chemical measured in the highest concentration in Russian Baikal seals. However, PFOS is the perfluorinated compound that dominates in most wildlife biomonitoring samples.
Drinking water regulations
In the United States there are no federal drinking water standards for any of the perfluorinated alkylated substances as of late 2020. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a non-enforceable health advisory for PFOA in 2016. The agency's health advisory level for the combined concentrations of PFOA and PFOS is 70 parts per trillion (ppt).
In June 2020 the State of New Jersey published a drinking water standard for PFOA, the first state to do so. Public water systems in New Jersey are required to meet a maximum contaminant level (MCL) standard of 14 ppt. The state also set a PFOS standard at 13 ppt. The state had set a standard for PFNA in September 2018, with an MCL of 13 ppt.
In August 2020 the State of Michigan adopted drinking water standards for 5 previously unregulated PFAS compounds and lowered acceptable levels for 2 previously regulated compounds PFOS and PFOA to 16 ppt and 8 ppt respectively. PFNA has a MCL of 6 ppt.
Food Regulation
In 2020, the European Food Safety Authority added PFNA in its revised safety threshold for PFAS that accumulate in the body. They set the threshold for a group of four PFAS of a tolerable weekly intake of 4.4 nanograms per kilogram of body weight per week.
Product Restrictions
In 2020, a California bill was passed banning PFNA as an intentionally added ingredient from cosmetics.
See also
Organofluorine compounds
References
External links
Perfluorocarboxylic Acid Content in 116 Articles of Commerce PDF
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Polyfluorochemicals fact sheet
Perfluorinated substances and their uses in Sweden
Perfluoroalkylated substances, Aquatic environmental assessment
Chain of Contamination: The Food Link, Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) Incl. PFOS & PFOA
Perfluorocarboxylic acids
PBT substances
Anionic surfactants |
Wong Tsz Chung (; born 16 June 1995) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Club career
Wong started his senior career with Sun Hei in 2013.
In 2015, he signed for Pegasus. He made his professional debut at the club in the Hong Kong FA Cup match against Wanchai on 3 February 2016.
After that, he played for Yuen Long and Lee Man.
In 2018, he joined Kitchee.
In November 2020, he was loaned to Sham Shui Po.
In March 2021, he officially joined Sham Shui Po.
References
External links
HKFA
Hong Kong men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
1995 births
Living people
Hong Kong First Division League players
Hong Kong Premier League players
Sun Hei SC players
Hong Kong Pegasus FC players
Yuen Long FC players
Lee Man FC players
Kitchee SC players
Sham Shui Po SA players
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong |
Francesco Antonio Canaveri (1753-1836) was an Italian Physician and Professor of Anatomy. He was a tenacious opponent of the doctrines of Cullen and Brown, who espoused the so-called Brunonian theory of medicine, which regarded disorders as caused by either defective or excessive excitation.
Biography
Francesco Canaveri was born in Mondovì, son of a distinguished family of Piedmontese patricians. After finishing high school, he began his studies in Rhetoric and Philosophy in the University of Turin. In 1788, he was elected to the post of prefect in the Turin School of Medicine
In 1796 Canaveri became professor of Materia Medica and anatomy of the University of Turin. In 1799 during the Napoleonic occupation of Piedmont, Canaveri had been chosen to lead medical schools beyond the Alps. Between 1800-1814 he was appointed Inspector of the medical schools.
In 1807, Canaveri sent to Padua a work on physiological observations, and for the year 1815, another paper on the usefulness of physiological notions for pathology and practical medicine. He also had made some writings in medical neurology. He was the author of several popular works in this matter, including De vitalitatis oeconomia (1801), Saggio sopra il dolore: dissertazione (1803), Analyse et réfutation des élémens de médecine du D. J. Brown (1805) and Neuronomia, (1836) published after his death.
Francesco Canaveri maintained friendship ties with notable personalities of science such as Francesco Rossi and Giovanni Francesco Cigna, members of the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. He died in February, 1836 in Turin at the age of 82 years.
References
External links
reader.digitale
cisui.unibo.it
1754 births
1836 deaths
People from Mondovì
People from the Kingdom of Sardinia
19th-century Italian writers
19th-century male writers
Italian anatomists
18th-century Italian physicians
19th-century Italian physicians
University of Turin alumni
Canaveri family |
Ti Malice is a trickster character and nemesis of Tonton (Uncle) Bouki in Haitian folklore. While Ti Malice is smart and guileful, Uncle Bouki is hardworking but is also very greedy. It is the manipulation of this greed that allows Ti Malice to often get the best of Uncle Bouqui. These characters are said to be a split of Anansi, the trickster character of the Ashanti of Ghana.
Bouqui and Malice have their origins in African oral traditions. In Senegal and neighboring countries, these two characters appear in animal form. Bouqui is represented as a hyena, which is called "Bouki" in the Fulani and Wolof languages, while Malice is a hare called "Leuk" in Senegal. From there, character traits develop that identify the two companions. Bouki, the hungry and skinny hyena and Leuk, the hare with a mischievous character and legendary cunning.
References
Haitian mythology
Storytelling
Trickster gods |
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kano () is a diocese located in the city of Kano in the Ecclesiastical province of Kaduna in Nigeria.
History
March 22, 1991: Established as Mission “sui iuris” of Kano from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kaduna
December 15, 1995: Promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Kano
April 22, 1999: Promoted as Diocese of Kano
Special churches
The Cathedral is Cathedral of Our Lady of Fatima in Kano.
Leadership
Ecclesiastical Superior of Kano (Roman rite)
Fr. John Francis Brown, S.M.A. (1991 – 1995)
Vicar Apostolic of Kano (Roman rite)
Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (1996.07.05 – 1999.06.22 see below)
Bishops of Kano (Roman rite)
Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (see above 1999-2008)
Bishop John Namawzah Niyiring, O.S.A., since 20 March 2008
See also
Roman Catholicism in Nigeria
External links
GCatholic.org Information
Catholic Hierarchy
Our Lady of Fatima Cathedral Parish in Kano, Nigeria
Kano
Christian organizations established in 1960
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1960 establishments in Nigeria
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Kaduna |
Marie Červinková-Riegrová (9 August 1854 in Prague – 19 January 1895 in Prague) was a Czech writer.
She wrote the libretto Dimitrij for Karel Šebor, but then offered it to Antonín Dvořák who set it to music in 1881.
References
1854 births
1895 deaths
Writers from Austria-Hungary
Czech women writers
Women opera librettists
Writers from Prague
19th-century Czech women writers
19th-century Czech writers
Czech opera librettists
19th-century Czech dramatists and playwrights |
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