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Mabola or Mabole is a town and Urban Council in Gampaha District in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. With Wattala it forms Wattala–Mabola urban council. It is located in Negombo road and it is the route for travel to Bandaranaike International Airport. The newly constructed, Sri Lanka's second E Class highway, Colombo - Katunayake Expressway E03 crosses to the seaside through Mabola. Education Sinhala medium schools in Mabola are St.Mary's Maha Vidyalaya and Sri Siddhartha Maha Vidyalaya. There is only one Tamil medium Muslim school, Al-Asraff Maha Vidyalaya. Rawlathus Saliheen Ahadiya School is conducted in Mabola& Al- Asraff Ahadiya School Religious Sites Mabola Jum'ah Mosque St. Mary's Church Welikadamulla Temple References Populated places in Gampaha District
was a prominent Japanese politician from 1980 until her retirement in 2005. She was the first female Lower House Speaker in Japan, the highest position a female politician has ever held in the country's modern history, as well as the country's first female Opposition Leader. Biography Early years Doi was born in Hyōgo Prefecture and graduated from Doshisha University, where she studied law. She was elected to the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Diet, as a member of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP) in 1969, representing the 2nd district of Hyōgo. She spent her first ten years in the House on the sidelines, but came to national attention in 1980 when she was highly critical of Japan's unequal treatment of women, specifically about women-only home economics degrees and the father-dominated family registration law. She pressured the Diet to sign the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1985. Doi became Vice Chair of the JSP in 1983 and the first female leader of a political party division in Japanese history in 1986, as chair of the JSP Central Policy Division. The JSP took a record high number of seats in 1990, when it won 136 seats in the House of Representatives, partly because of Doi's popularity, but she resigned her party post in 1991, in the wake of the Gulf War. In 1994, no party held a majority in the House and the JSP took the lead in forming a coalition government. The JSP's president, Tomiichi Murayama, became Prime Minister. However, the coalition collapsed in 1996 and, following a disastrous electoral defeat for the JSP later that year, Doi returned to lead the party. Party leader Doi was a popular opposition politician, but as party leader she saw her party collapse. Her chief act as leader was to rename the JSP as the Social Democratic Party (SDP), in 1996. Moderating the characters for "Socialism" by adding "Democratic" to the party name, Doi said that she wanted to form a more moderate party and bring more women into politics. Doi was responsible for recruiting young women with grass-roots activist backgrounds, such as Kiyomi Tsujimoto, into the party. In 1998, former members of the JSP and of other parties formed the Democratic Party of Japan, and the SDP became a third-tier opposition party, watching its numbers steadily decline. The SDP was a minor party by the time the reality of the Japanese abductees taken by North Korea came to light in 2003. Doi's status plummeted as her earlier statements telling abductee families to "get over it" were shown on television, as was Doi's comment in Pyongyang in 1987 at the birthday party of Kim Il Sung: "We JSP members respect the glorious success of DPRK under the great leader Kim Il Sung." Doi apologized to the families and claimed that North Korean authorities had been deceiving her all along, but resigned the party leadership soon after. In 1989, Doi, together with Naoto Kan, Keiko Chiba, Tomiichi Murayama and other 129 Japanese politicians from Japan Socialist Party, Socialist Democratic Federation and Komeito signed a petition to the South Korean President Roh Tae-woo for the release of North Korean spies including Sin Gwang-su who had kidnapped a Japanese person in June 1980. Loss of seats Doi lost her directly elected seat in the House of Representatives in the 2003 election but remained in the House, having won a seat under the proportional representation system. She lost this seat in 2005 elections. Death She died in a hospital in Hyogo Prefecture of pneumonia on September 20, 2014, at the age of 85. References On the North Korea Question An interview with Fuwa Tetsuzo, JCP Central Committee Chair, Japan Press Weekly, January 2004 \|- 1928 births 2014 deaths People from Kobe Doshisha University alumni Scholars of constitutional law Japan Socialist Party politicians Social Democratic Party (Japan) politicians Female members of the House of Representatives (Japan) Members of the House of Representatives (Japan) Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan) 21st-century Japanese politicians 21st-century Japanese women politicians Women opposition leaders Women legal scholars Politicians from Hyōgo Prefecture Deaths from pneumonia in Japan
Freddy Loix (born 10 November 1970) is a Belgian rally driver. Career Loix's career in motor sport began in karting at the age of 15. In 1990, he bought his first rally car, a Lancia Delta group N, though he soon progressed to a Mitsubishi Galant Group N. 1993 saw a big step forward in Loix's career as he became part of the Marlboro World Championship Team driving an Opel Astra and he became the Belgian F2-champion. Nicknamed Fast Freddy by his fans, he made the switch to four wheel drive in 1996 with a Toyota Celica GT-Four and completed 3 World Rally Championship (WRC) events and a further 6 in 1997. This period saw continuing sponsorship with Marlboro and a switch to the new Toyota Corolla WRC. He took the lead in the 1997 Sanremo Rally but mechanical problems brought an end to his charge for victory. Loix and his co-driver, Sven Smeets, moved to Mitsubishi in 1999 and campaigned a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VI (which was badged as a Carisma GT). His first year with Mitsubishi proved to be a difficult one with Loix being injured in a horrific accident during the Safari Rally. Despite the setback, Loix fought back and achieved 4 fourth places (in Spain, Greece, Sanremo and Australia). In 2001, and after several successful seasons, the Mitsubishi Lancer, being a Group A car, found itself outdated and incapable of competing on the same level as the new WRC cars that the other teams were running. Loix signed a two-year contract with Hyundai at the start of 2002. This was a difficult season in the Hyundai Accent WRC and his best result was 6th place on the Rally Australia. Due to funding cutbacks in 2003, the team couldn't develop the car further and Hyundai retired from the WRC following 2003's Rally Australia. A drive for Peugeot in the last rally of the 2003 calendar, the RAC Rally in Great Britain, not only saw him replace the by then ailing 2001 World Rally Champion Richard Burns, it also saw him finish in 6th place overall in that year's rally. In the 2004 season, Loix completed only 5 WRC events, all for the factory Peugeot team again, in a Peugeot 307 WRC before retiring from the WRC later that season after the 2004 Rally Catalunya. Since 2007 Loix has been competing in the FIA Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) with Peugeot Sport Belgium, driving a Peugeot 207 S2000. Loix is currently the most successful driver in IRC with a total of seven wins, including a hat trick in 2010. Results WRC results IRC results ERC results References External links Profile at ewrc-results.com FreddyLoix.com Homepage Rallybase stat page World Rally Archive stat page 1970 births Living people Sportspeople from Tongeren Intercontinental Rally Challenge drivers World Rally Championship drivers European Rally Championship drivers Belgian rally drivers Peugeot Sport drivers Toyota Gazoo Racing drivers 20th-century Belgian people Hyundai Motorsport drivers Škoda Motorsport drivers
Cyclone Warehouse was a venue for Underground art located in the Butcher Town area of San Francisco, California, between Potrero Hill and Hunter's Point. It was known for hosting eclectic events, and formerly served as headquarters to a loose collective of artists and artisans. The space was founded in 1992 by Troy Shelton, Nicolas Desbons, Todd Martinez, Dan Hersey, Mark Reitman, Jason Price and Geordie Stevens, a group of students from CCAC and SFSU. They built the space primarily from found materials. Neighbors The space was one of 15 bays in a larger warehouse - a mix of artists studios and small business workshops. Some of those neighbors have been "The Cave" (a rock venue in the 1990s run by Beky Bonk), Phase (seminal noise venue), Seemen (robotics artist), Ovarian Trolley (on Candy Ass Records), Who's on Third Studios, The Lodge, and Bay Area Metals (recycling center). Hosted artists Cyclone Warehouse hosted a long list of memorable events. Punk shows, industrial art, house/techno parties, dance performance, theater productions, circus, cabaret, and puppets were all part of the repertoire: T.V. Homicide Survival Research Laboratories Cyclecide Bike Rodeo Mia Zapata Benefit Big Top 23 Captain Ricks Cabaret Seven Year Bitch Victims Family Steel Pole Bath Tub Woodpussy Idiot Flesh Hickey All You Can Eat Shellac Seemen Neurosis Ovarian Trolley The Chasm of Spasms The Islais Creek Fair Cookie Mongoloid References Wisner, Heather. "Night & Day", SF Weekly. May 19, 1999. Accessed May 15, 2007. Tudor, Silke. "Night Crawler", SF Weekly. March 1999. Accessed May 15, 2007. Anonymous. "Berkeley Blog" Mention of the Shellac show on the CSUA blog. Accessed May 15, 2007. Spelletich, Kalman. "1999 SEEMEN Performances", seemen.org. Accessed May 15, 2007. 1992 establishments in California
Delhi Public School (DPS), Neelbad, Bhopal, is a public secondary school run jointly by the Delhi Public School Society and the Jagran Social Welfare Society. Started in 2000 by Shri Gurudev Gupta, it is a co-educational day and boarding school with 7000+ students spread across its campus at Bhadbhada Road, Bhopal, India. DPS Bhopal is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and the Indian Public Schools' Conference (IPSC). Facilities Educational Kids-Zone: For Pre-Nursery, Nursery and Prep Twitter Zone: Classes 1 and 2 Senior Building: Classes 3 to 10 Junior College: Classes 11 and 12 Computer labs: Junior lab, Middle lab and Senior Lab Physics, Chemistry and Biology Labs Sports Swimming Pool: Kids pool, Training pool and 30 m Pool Football Field Cricket Pitch Cricket Ground Skating Rink Horse Riding Lawn Tennis Basketball Badminton Athletics Library, Canteen, Arts, Music and Dance and IT labs 3 Libraries for Seniors, Juniors and Middle School Art Room Music room: Guitar, Drums, Synthesizer, Vocal Music, Classical Music, Tabla Dance Room for Western and Classical Dance One canteen for all the students. History DPS is better than all missionary schools.The school was established to impart quality education, whereas missionaries focus more on conversion. Co-scholastic activities The school teams have won several trophies in sports, music and dance, and painting. The students have also won several debates, quizzes, computer related competitions and have also participated in various MUNs. The school has a decorated football and basketball team. Delhi Public School Bhopal has many student clubs, the most renowned of them being (c)ypher, which is a computer club that hosts an inter-school competition called (c)ync annually. The competition has various events related to photography, coding, audio editing and video games. References External links Official website Schools in Bhopal Delhi Public School Society Educational institutions established in 2000 2000 establishments in Madhya Pradesh Boarding schools in India Boarding schools in Madhya Pradesh Co-educational boarding schools Co-educational schools in India
This is a list of hospital in Guinea. In 2019, there were 1,746 medical facilities in Guinea, including 35 public hospitals at the national, regional, and prefecture level. Hospitals The following is a list of hospitals that includes the location and type hospital. A link to a map showing these hospitals is at the bottom of the table. References Hospitals in Guinea Guinea Guinea
In Greek mythology, Aganippe (; Ancient Greek: Ἀγανίππη means 'mare who kills mercifully') was the name of both a spring and the Naiad (a Crinaea) associated with it. The spring is in Boeotia, near Thespiae, at the base of Mount Helicon, and was associated with the Muses who were sometimes called Aganippides. Drinking from her well, it was considered to be a source of poetic inspiration. The nymph is called a daughter of the river-god Permessus (called Termessus by Pausanias). Ovid associates Aganippe with Hippocrene. Notes References Bell, Robert E., Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-Clio. 1991. . Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths, Harmondsworth, London, England, Penguin Books, 1960. Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition. Penguin Books Limited. 2017. Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Ovidius Naso, Fasti translated by James G. Frazer. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Publius Ovidius Naso, Fasti. Sir James George Frazer. London; Cambridge, MA. William Heinemann Ltd.; Harvard University Press. 1933. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Vergilius Maro, Eclogues. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1895. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Vergil. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). Aganippe 1 Naiads Children of Potamoi Locations in Greek mythology
"Crazy" is a song by American R&B/soul singer Miki Howard. Released in 1988, as the third single from Love Confessions. "Crazy" peaked to #38 on Billboard's Hot R&B Singles chart. The song was written and produced by Marc Gordon and Gerald Levert, of R&B group LeVert. Track listings and formats U.S. Vinyl, 7" Inch, 45 RPM single "Crazy" (Album Edit) – 3:54 "In Too Deep" (Album Version) – 3:59 Charts References 1988 singles Miki Howard songs Atlantic Records singles 1987 songs Songs written by Gerald Levert
Mahanshahr (); also known as (Māhānŝahr) (Persian:محمدشهر), also Romanized as Moḩamadshahr is one of the five cities in the Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83,126 in 21,071 households, when it was in Tehran province. The latest census in 2016 counted 119,418 people in 35,902 households, by which time the county had separated from the province and become a part of recently established Alborz province. References Karaj County Cities in Alborz Province Populated places in Karaj County
James Webster Smith (June 1850November 30, 1876) was an American professor and a cadet at the United States Military Academy. A former slave, Smith became a scholar and is recognized as the first black person appointed to a cadetship at West Point. His tenure at the academy, from 1870 to 1874, was fraught with racial prejudice and ended with Smith's formal dismissal a year before completing his studies. Embittered by his experience, Smith nonetheless found success as a professor at South Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical Institute. He died of tuberculosis in 1876. Although Smith's military career was curtailed by racism, he later served as the Commander of Cadets at South Carolina State. In 1996, at the request of South Carolina Congressman John Spratt, President Bill Clinton approved the posthumous commission of James Webster Smith, to the rank of 2nd lieutenant of the U.S. Army. At the ceremony, Spratt stated: “It's an atonement, long overdue, for what James Webster Smith had to suffer at West Point.” Often overlooked in black history, Smith's tenure at West Point is obscured by the accomplishments of Henry Ossian Flipper, the first black cadet to graduate from West Point. Biography James Webster Smith was born in 1850 in Columbia, South Carolina. His parents Israel and Catherine Smith were slaves. After the abolishment of slavery, Israel, a mulatto man, worked as a carpenter before becoming one of Columbia's aldermen. When the Civil War ended, Smith attended school through the Freedmen's Bureau, one function of which was to provide an educational system for the newly freedmen during the Reconstruction Era. David Clark, a benefactor from Connecticut, was so impressed by the progress shown by Smith that he arranged for him to accompany Clark to Hartford to advance his education in the city's school system; the pair arrived in April 1867. At Hartford, Smith continued to excel and later attended Hartford High School where he graduated with honors on April 22, 1870. On May 1, 1870, with the backing of Clark and Oliver Otis Howard, he enrolled at Howard University, a prestigious institute founded by Howard. Smith, however, only attended Howard University briefly before representative Solomon L. Hoge of South Carolina recommended him for entry into the United States Military Academy—better known as West Point. Reluctantly, Clark agreed to send Smith to West Point for his preliminary exams, knowing he would most likely have to endure racial bigotry if he was accepted. Smith reported to West Point on May 31, 1870 in preparation for his exams; when rumors to this effect quickly swept the academy, he immediately faced opposition from cadets: "[I] had not been there an hour before I had been reminded by several thoughtful cadets that I was 'nothing but a damned nigger'", he recollected. Oftentimes, Smith and his roommate, another black nominee named Michael Howard, were the subjects of hazing and physical abuse by the cadets. Smith passed his preliminary exams but Howard was rejected and sent home, leaving Smith as the first and only black cadet of West Point; he was officially admitted into the academy on July 9, 1870. Resented by his classmates, Smith lived an isolated lifestyle at West Point, enduring harassment and vandalism. His squadmates only drilled with Smith under threats of demotion or court-martial. On August 13, 1870, Smith was confronted by his classmate J.W. Wilson as he went to fill his water pail and return to his post; an altercation ensued and both cadets were arrested. The incident was the subject of the first of three courts-martial issued against Smith. A military tribunal concluded that his original three-week arrest was a sufficient punishment. But a few months later, in January 1871, his third court-martial, charging him with conduct unbecoming of a cadet and gentleman, resulted in a one-year suspension from West Point. Smith's enrollment at West Point came to a sudden conclusion in June 1874 when he was deemed deficient in his philosophical studies by his professor and recommended for a formal discharge. Desperate for recourse, Smith met with Secretary of War William W. Belknap to request a re-examination but was refused. Henry Ossian Flipper's graduation from West Point three years later—the first African American to accomplish such a feat—incidentally overshadowed Smith's accomplishments. Embittered by the turn of events, he published a series of his memoirs detailing his experiences at the Academy in the New National Era and Citizen, a black newspaper. In 1875, Smith arrived in Orangeburg, South Carolina to accept a teaching position at State Agricultural College & Mechanics Institute, instructing courses on mathematics and military tactics. Smith taught at the university until he succumbed to tuberculosis on November 30, 1876. He was buried in an unmarked grave in Columbia. At the request of South Carolina Congressmen John Spratt and Jim Clyburn, and Senator Strom Thurmond, Smith was posthumously commissioned as a second lieutenant on September 22, 1997. See also Johnson Chesnut Whittaker References United States Military Academy people African-American United States Army personnel South Carolina State University faculty People from Columbia, South Carolina Military personnel from South Carolina 1850 births 1876 deaths
In quantum geometry or noncommutative geometry a quantum differential calculus or noncommutative differential structure on an algebra over a field means the specification of a space of differential forms over the algebra. The algebra here is regarded as a coordinate ring but it is important that it may be noncommutative and hence not an actual algebra of coordinate functions on any actual space, so this represents a point of view replacing the specification of a differentiable structure for an actual space. In ordinary differential geometry one can multiply differential 1-forms by functions from the left and from the right, and there exists an exterior derivative. Correspondingly, a first order quantum differential calculus means at least the following: An --bimodule over , i.e. one can multiply elements of by elements of in an associative way: A linear map obeying the Leibniz rule (optional connectedness condition) The last condition is not always imposed but holds in ordinary geometry when the manifold is connected. It says that the only functions killed by are constant functions. An exterior algebra or differential graded algebra structure over means a compatible extension of to include analogues of higher order differential forms obeying a graded-Leibniz rule with respect to an associative product on and obeying . Here and it is usually required that is generated by . The product of differential forms is called the exterior or wedge product and often denoted . The noncommutative or quantum de Rham cohomology is defined as the cohomology of this complex. A higher order differential calculus can mean an exterior algebra, or it can mean the partial specification of one, up to some highest degree, and with products that would result in a degree beyond the highest being unspecified. The above definition lies at the crossroads of two approaches to noncommutative geometry. In the Connes approach a more fundamental object is a replacement for the Dirac operator in the form of a spectral triple, and an exterior algebra can be constructed from this data. In the quantum groups approach to noncommutative geometry one starts with the algebra and a choice of first order calculus but constrained by covariance under a quantum group symmetry. Note The above definition is minimal and gives something more general than classical differential calculus even when the algebra is commutative or functions on an actual space. This is because we do not demand that since this would imply that , which would violate axiom 4 when the algebra was noncommutative. As a byproduct, this enlarged definition includes finite difference calculi and quantum differential calculi on finite sets and finite groups (finite group Lie algebra theory). Examples For the algebra of polynomials in one variable the translation-covariant quantum differential calculi are parametrized by and take the form This shows how finite differences arise naturally in quantum geometry. Only the limit has functions commuting with 1-forms, which is the special case of high school differential calculus. For the algebra of functions on an algebraic circle, the translation (i.e. circle-rotation)-covariant differential calculi are parametrized by and take the form This shows how -differentials arise naturally in quantum geometry. For any algebra one has a universal differential calculus defined by where is the algebra product. By axiom 3., any first order calculus is a quotient of this. See also Quantum geometry Noncommutative geometry Quantum calculus Quantum group Quantum spacetime Further reading Noncommutative geometry Algebraic structures
Loharki (as known in Pakistan), or Gade Lohar (as known in India), is a Rajasthani language spoken by 20,000 nomadic people in rural Sindh, Pakistan, and by 1,000 in Rajasthan, India. References Languages of Rajasthan
Elections to Torbay Council took place on Thursday 5 May 2011. All 36 seats on the council were up for election. The previous election also produced a majority for the Conservative Party. Ward results See also 2011 Torbay mayoral election References 2011 English local elections 2011 2010s in Devon
Moneydance is a personal finance software application developed by The Infinite Kind, formerly developed by Reilly Technologies, USA. Written in Java, it can be run on many different computers and operating systems. Under the hood, Moneydance implements a double-entry bookkeeping system, but the user interface is geared towards non-accountants. Moneydance implements the OFX protocol to perform online banking and bill payment. Other features include check printing, graphing and reporting, scheduled transaction reminders, transaction tags, VAT/GST tracking, budget management and tracking, file encryption, and investment portfolio management. Moneydance has been localized into French, German, UK English, Norwegian, Greek (partially), Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. UK supermarket Tesco's "Personal Finance" software is based on Moneydance. An open application programming interface (API) is also available, allowing people to write extensions to the program. The application is scriptable in jython. Releases Moneydance 2008 Moneydance 2010 Moneydance 2011 Moneydance 2012 Moneydance 2012.2 Moneydance 2012.5 Moneydance 2014 Moneydance 2015 Moneydance 2015.2 Moneydance 2015.3 Moneydance 2015.4 Moneydance 2015.6 Moneydance 2015.7 Moneydance 2017 Moneydance 2017.2 Moneydance 2017.3 Moneydance 2017.5 Moneydance 2019 Moneydance 2019.1 Moneydance 2021 Moneydance 2021 Moneydance 2022 Moneydance 2022.2 See also List of personal finance software References External links 2007 MacWorld Review Accounting software Accounting software for Linux Java (programming language) software
The Seven Banknotes () is a 2019 Burmese thriller drama television series. It aired on MRTV-4, from July 18 to August 14, 2019, on Mondays to Fridays at 19:00 for 20 episodes. Cast Main Hein Htet as Aung Wai Nan Sandar Hla Htun as Tha Ra Phi Mya Hnin Yee Lwin as Wai Hnin Phyu Thi Ha as Deputy Sheriff Thura Htun Supporting Zin Wine as U Min Khant Ye Aung as U Kyaw Khaung Aung Khant Mue as Lwin Min Ju Jue Kay as Jue Jue Nay Yee as Pearl References Burmese television series MRTV (TV network) original programming
Neil Christopher Prakash (born 7 May 1991), known as Abu Khaled al-Cambodi (), is a former member of the Islamic State group, whose Australian citizenship was revoked in December 2018. In April 2016, four civilians were killed in a United States air-strike targeting Prakash. In May 2016, he was reported to have been killed, but was only wounded and escaped. In November 2016, Prakash was captured in Turkey. In March 2019, Prakash was convicted in a Turkish court of membership in a terrorist organisation and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison, reduced to six years on appeal. In early December 2022 he was extradited back to Australia, first to Darwin, then Melbourne where he was charged with terrorism-related offences. History Prakash was born in Melbourne, Australia to an Indo-Fijian father and a Cambodian mother from the south-east suburb of Springvale South. He attended high school at Cheltenham Secondary College. Prakash converted from Buddhism to Islam in August 2012 after a visit to Cambodia, when he was repulsed by what he viewed as Buddhism's commercialism and idolatry. He attended meetings at Al-Furqan bookstore and prayer centre in Melbourne. On 29 December 2018, the Australian government announced it had revoked Prakash's Australian citizenship due to his links to terrorism. Although Australia maintains that he retains Fijian citizenship despite being born in Melbourne, in 2019, the Fijian government refused to allow him to go there, insisting he was not and had never been a Fijian citizen. Peter Dutton did not consult with Fiji or an expert in Fijian law before making the decision to revoke Prakash's Australian citizenship, and Fiji does not allow dual citizenship. Islamic State He traveled to Syria via Malaysia in 2013, arriving in the city of Raqqa. Arrest warrant Prakash's passport was cancelled October 2014. On 19 August 2015, police obtained a warrant for his arrest. He was accused of being a member of a terrorist organisation and of incursions into a foreign state with the intention of engaging in hostile activities. IS media appearances Prakash appeared in a video released 21 April 2015 titled "Stories From the Land of the Living: Abū Khālid al-Kambūdī" produced by al-Hayat Media Center. Reports of death On 5 May 2016, Attorney-General for Australia George Brandis said US officials had confirmed Prakash was killed in Mosul, but later news reports said police and intelligence agencies believed he might still be alive. It was later discovered that Prakash had been wounded in a strike, and then escaped to Syria. Then on 29 July 2016, the United States Central Command said four civilians had been killed in a strike targeting Prakash on 29 April 2016. Capture In November 2016, Prakash was captured in Turkey after he tried to cross the Syrian border into Turkey using false documents and a fake name. On 25 November 2016, Australian counter-terrorism officials confirmed that Prakash was still alive and had been arrested several weeks previously by Turkish officials in Turkey. Australia applied for his extradition on a Federal Police warrant for: In May 2017, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull announced that Prakash was expected to be extradited from Turkey in months to stand trial in Australia. In December 2018, Prakash was waiting on trial in Turkey on terrorism charges. Conviction On 16 March 2019, Prakash was convicted in a Turkish court of membership in a terrorist organisation and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. In early December 2022, he was extradited back to Darwin. He was then extradited to Melbourne and charged in Melbourne Magistrates' Court with terrorism-related offences. Prakash is due to reappear in court in late February 2023. References 1991 births Living people Australian Islamists Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members from Australia Australian people of Indo-Fijian descent Australian people of Cambodian descent Converts to Islam from Buddhism People who lost Australian citizenship Fijian Muslims Cambodian Muslims Stateless people Terrorism in Australia People from Springvale, Victoria Criminals from Melbourne
The River Coln is a river in Gloucestershire, England. It rises to the north of Brockhampton, a village to the east of Cheltenham, and flows in a south/south-easterly direction through the Cotswold Hills via Andoversford, Withington, Fossebridge, Bibury, Coln St Aldwyns, Quenington and Fairford. It joins the River Thames to the south-west of Lechlade, near to the confluence with the Thames and Severn Canal. Midway between Withington and Fossbridge the river passes Chedworth Roman Villa. Extensive gravel pits between Fairford and Lechlade, now redundant, have been flooded to form the eastern component of the Cotswold Water Park. They are fed and drained by the Coln. The river is host to many species of freshwater fish including brown trout and grayling. Water quality The Environment Agency measures the water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail. Water quality of the River Coln in 2019: See also Tributaries of the River Thames List of rivers in England References Coln 1Coln
is a railway station in the city of Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Lines Koganei Station is served by the Utsunomiya Line (Tohoku Main Line), and is 88.1 km from the starting point of the line at . Through services to and from the Tokaido Line and Yokosuka Line are also provided via the Shonan-Shinjuku Line and Ueno-Tokyo Line. Station layout This station has an elevated station building, located above two island platforms serving four tracks. The station has a Reserved seat ticket vending machine. Platforms History Koganei Station opened on 25 March 1893. During World War II, Koganei Station was strafed by American fighter aircraft on 28 July 1945, killing some 30 civilians on a Tohoku Main Line train stopped at the station. A monument describing the event exists at the west exit of the station. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 4136 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below. Surrounding area Former Kokubunji town hall Shimotsuke Koganei Post Office References External links JR East station information Stations of East Japan Railway Company Railway stations in Tochigi Prefecture Tōhoku Main Line Utsunomiya Line Railway stations in Japan opened in 1893 Shōnan-Shinjuku Line Shimotsuke, Tochigi
was a sub-group of the Japanese idol girl group Morning Musume and associated with Hello! Project. It was formed by Up-Front Promotion in November 1998 as Morning Musume's first sub-group. While the main group Morning Musume features predominantly upbeat songs with a fast tempo, Tanpopo featured slower tempo, sentimental and retro-style songs. History The group was founded in November 1998, consisting of three Morning Musume members: Aya Ishiguro, Kaori Iida, and Mari Yaguchi. After the formation, the group immediately released their first single, "Last Kiss," which was used on the anime Sorcerous Stabber Orphen. The single has a "sexy" vibe that they used on their second single and first album. However, they created a fresh image when they released "Tanpopo". This new image did not become as popular as the first image they had created. After the release of the group's fourth single, Aya Ishiguro graduated from Morning Musume and left the group. The remaining members continued performing their songs in concerts as Generation 1.5 Tanpopo. In June 2000, Morning Musume 4th Generation members Rika Ishikawa and Ai Kago joined Tanpopo, making the two-member group a four-member group. The style of their songs changed also when the four released "Otome Pasta ni Kandō." The style of this song became analogous to the songs Morning Musume had released. They also used this style on their next singles, which became popular and reached the number one spot on Oricon, and their second (and last) album. On July 31, 2002, it was announced that Tanpopo was going to be completely reformed. Kaori Iida, Mari Yaguchi, and Ai Kago graduated from the group and were replaced by Morning Musume 5th Generation members Asami Konno and Risa Niigaki, with Ayumi Shibata of Melon Kinenbi. This newly formed group only released one single before they went on indefinite hiatus. All members except Niigaki graduated from Hello! Project as part of the Elder Club graduation concert in early 2009, rendering the group completely inactive. Members First generation Second generation Third generation Shuffle Legacy In 2009, Tanpopo was revived as a Hello! Project Shuffle Unit under the name , with the new group consisting of Eri Kamei and Aika Mitsui of Morning Musume, Yurina Kumai of Berryz Kobo, and Chisato Okai of Cute. The sharp symbol was chosen to represent the kanji "井", which is the second character in each of the new members' surnames. The group released songs for Hello! Project's compilation albums Champloo 1: Happy Marriage Song Cover Shū and Petit Best 10. Discography Albums Singles DVD 2004-06-16 – Appearances Photobooks Radio References External links Japanese girl groups Japanese idol groups Hello! Project groups Japanese pop music groups
The term sacroiliac joint dysfunction refers to abnormal motion in the sacroiliac joint, either too much motion or too little motion, that causes pain in this region. Signs and symptoms Common symptoms include lower back pain, buttocks pain, sciatic leg pain, groin pain, hip pain (for explanation of leg, groin, and hip pain (see referred pain), urinary frequency, and "transient numbness, prickling, or tingling". Pain can range from dull aching to sharp and stabbing and increases with physical activity. Symptoms also worsen with prolonged or sustained positions (i.e., sitting, standing, lying). Bending forward, stair climbing, hill climbing, and rising from a seated position can also provoke pain. Pain can increase during menstruation in women. People with severe and disabling sacroiliac joint dysfunction can develop insomnia and depression. Sacral rotation can be transmitted distally down the kinematic chain and, if left untreated over a long period of time, may lead to severe Achilles tendinitis. Causes Hypermobility Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is an outcome of either extra-articular dysfunction or from intraarticular dysfunction. SI joint dysfunction is sometimes referred to as "sacroiliac joint instability" or "sacroiliac joint insufficiency" due to the support the once strong and taut ligaments can no longer sustain. When the joint is hypermobile or loose, it is classified as an extra-articular dysfunction because abnormal joint movement and alignment is a consequence of weakened, injured, or sprained ligaments, while the joint itself is structurally normal and healthy. The sacroiliac joint itself often will not show degenerative changes, such as arthritis, until many years of the dysfunction being allowed to continue. Injury to the ligaments that hold the sacroiliac joints in proper support is thought to be caused by a torsion or high impact injury (such as an automobile accident) or a hard fall, resulting in the hypermobility. As many as 58% of people diagnosed with sacroiliac joint pain had some inciting traumatic injury based on clinical examination findings. The joint that was once stabilized by strong ligaments, now overly stretched, sprained, or torn, will move beyond its normal range. This is thought to result in the ilium and sacral surfaces "locking" in an incongruent or asymmetrical fashion (one innominate bone is tilted anteriorly; the other innominate bone is tilted posteriorly) causing pain that can be debilitating. Hormone imbalances, particularly those associated with pregnancy and the hormone relaxin, can also cause a ligamentous laxity resulting in the weakening of the sacroiliac structure. During pregnancy, relaxin serves as nature's way of allowing the female pelvis to achieve distention of the birthing canal. Pelvic joint pain in post pregnancy women is thought to be derived from the inability of the stretched out ligaments to return to normal tautness. Women who have delivered large babies or who have had extended labors also are prone to developing chronic sacroiliac joint pain and instability. In some people, the sacroiliac joints reverse the normal concave-convex 'locking' relationship, which can lead to rotational misalignment. The variation in joint configuration results in some sacroiliac joints being inherently weaker or more prone to misalignment. Certain biomechanical or muscle length imbalances may ultimately predispose a person to sacroiliac dysfunction and pain. Likely, this is a result of altered gait patterns and repetitive stress to the SI joint and related structures. These conditions exist in persons with leg-length inequality, scoliosis, a history of polio, poor-quality footwear, and hip osteoarthritis. There is also a notable incidence of lumbar spinal fusion patients that present with sacroiliac pain and hypermobility, potentially due to the adjacent lumbar joints being fixed and unable to move. Clinical studies have found up to 75% of post-lumbar fusion patients develop SI joint degeneration within five years of surgery. Hypomobility Pathological hypomobility (too little movement) of the sacroiliac joint is an intra-articular disorder in which the joint locks due to wearing down with age or degenerative joint disease. Hypomobility of this kind can also occur with an inflammatory disease such as ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or an infection. Pathophysiology The sacroiliac joint is a true diarthrodial joint that joins the sacrum to the pelvis. The sacrum connects on the right and left sides to the ilia (pelvic bones) to form the sacroiliac joints. The pelvic girdle is made up of two innominate bones (the iliac bones) and the sacrum. The innominate bones join in the front of the pelvis to form the pubic symphysis, and at back of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac (SI) joints. Each innominate bone (ilium) joins the femur (thigh bone) to form the hip joint; thus the sacroiliac joint moves with walking and movement of the torso. In this joint, hyaline cartilage on the sacral side moves against fibrocartilage on the iliac side. The sacroiliac joint contains numerous ridges and depressions that function in stability. Studies have documented that motion does occur at the joint; therefore, slightly subluxed and even locked positions can occur. Muscles and ligaments surround and attach to the SI joint in the front and back, primarily on the ilial or sacral surfaces. These can all be a source of pain and inflammation if the SI joint is dysfunctional. The sacroiliac joint is highly dependent on its strong ligamentous structure for support and stability. The most commonly disrupted and/or torn ligaments are the iliolumbar ligament and the posterior sacroiliac ligament. The ligamentous structures offer resistance to shear and loading. The deep anterior, posterior, and interosseous ligaments resist the load of the sacrum relative to the ilium. More superficial ligaments (e.g., the sacrotuberous ligament) react to dynamic motions (such as straight-leg raising during physical motion). The long dorsal sacroiliac ligament can become stretched in periods of increased lumbar lordosis (e.g., during pregnancy). Affected muscle groups Many large and small muscles have relationships with the ligaments of the sacroiliac joint including the piriformis (see "piriformis syndrome", a condition often related with sacroiliac joint dysfunction), rectus femoris, gluteus maximus and minimus, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia, and iliacus. Any of these muscles can be involved or spasm with a painful and dysfunctional sacroiliac joint. The SI joint is a pain-sensitive structure richly innervated by a combination of unmyelinated free nerve endings and the posterior primary rami of spinal segments L2-S3. The wide possibility of innervation may explain why pain originating from the joint can manifest in so many various ways, with different and unique referral patterns (see "referred pain") for individual patients. Patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction can also develop tightness and dysfunction in the hamstring, quadriceps, iliotibial tract (see "iliotibial band syndrome") and hip flexors, including the psoas muscle. Individuals with severe and long-standing sacroiliac joint dysfunction can develop muscle deconditioning and atrophy throughout the body due to limitation of activities and exercise that bring about pain in the low back. Diagnosis Perhaps the biggest reason for misdiagnosis or lack of diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction is based on the inability of common radiological imaging to discern the disorder. Diagnostic testing, such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI, do not usually reveal abnormalities; therefore, they cannot reliably be used for diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. There is a new imaging test SPECT/CT which can sometimes detect sacroiliac joint dysfunction. There is also a lack of evidence that sacroiliac joint mobility maneuvers (Gillet, Standing flexion test, and Seated Flexion test) detect motion abnormalities. Given the inherent technical limitations of the visible and palpable signs from these sacroiliac joint mobility maneuvers another broad category of clinical signs have been described called provocative maneuvers. These maneuvers are designed to reproduce or increase pain emanating within the sacroiliac joint. A clinician (i.e., a spine surgeon, orthopedic surgeon, sports medicine doctor, athletic trainer, medical massage therapist, physical therapist, physiatrist, osteopath or chiropractor) can develop a probable diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction by using a hands on approach through palpating the painful areas and performing the following provocative maneuvers below: Gaenslen test - This pain provocation test applies torsion to the joint. With one hip flexed onto the abdomen, the other leg is allowed to dangle off the edge of the table. Pressure should then be directed downward on the leg in order to achieve hip extension and stress the sacroiliac joint. Iliac Gapping Test - Distraction can be performed to the anterior sacroiliac ligaments by applying pressure to the anterior superior iliac spine. Iliac Compression Test - Apply compression to the joint with the patient lying on his or her side. Pressure is applied downward to the uppermost iliac crest. FABER or Patrick test - To identify if pain may come from the sacroiliac joint during flexion, abduction, and external rotation, the clinician externally rotates the hip while the patient lies supine. Then, downward pressure is applied to the medial knee stressing both the hip and sacroiliac joint. Thigh Thrust - This test applies anteroposterior shear stress on the SI joint. The patient lies supine with one hip flexed to 90 degrees. The examiner stands on the same side as the flexed leg. The examiner provides either a quick thrust or steadily increasing pressure through the line of the femur. The pelvis is stabilized at the sacrum or at the opposite ASIS with the hand of the examiner Cautious interpretation is warranted because there are no biomechanical studies showing that the Thigh Thrust test isolates forces in the SIJ when performed at 90 degrees and due to intra-individual variation in body type, hip flexibility, general flexibility of the trunk and pelvis. In all the tests, pain along the typical area raises suspicion for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. However no single test is very reliable in the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. It is important to remember true neurogenic weakness, numbness, or loss of reflex should alert the clinician to consider nerve root pathology. The current "gold standard" for diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction emanating within the joint is sacroiliac joint injection confirmed under fluoroscopy or CT-guidance using a local anesthetic solution. The diagnosis is confirmed when the patient reports a significant change in relief from pain and the diagnostic injection is performed on two separate visits. Published studies have used at least a 75 percent change in relief of pain before a response is considered positive and the sacroiliac joint deemed the source of pain. However, several other injection studies have compared intra-articular with extra-articular injection, and indicate that the ligament injection behind the joint is oftentimes superior to injection in the joint and seems to be a very underutilized diagnostic tool. Misdiagnosis In the early 1900s, dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint was a common diagnosis associated with low back and sciatic nerve pain. However, research by Danforth and Wilson in 1925 concluded that the sacroiliac joint could not cause sciatic nerve pain because the joint does not have a canal in which the nerves can be entrapped against the joint. The biomechanical relationship between the sacroiliac joint, the piriformis muscle (see "piriformis syndrome"), and the sciatic nerve had not yet been discovered. In 1934, the work of Mixter and Barr shifted all emphasis in research and treatment from the sacroiliac to the herniated intervertebral disc, namely lumbar discs. Medical focus on herniated discs was further forwarded by the invention of the MRI in 1977. Over-diagnosis and attention on herniated discs has led to the SI joint becoming an underappreciated pain generator in an estimated 15% to 25% of patients with axial low back pain. The ligaments in the sacroiliac are among the strongest in the body and are not suspected by many clinicians to be susceptible to spraining or tearing. Skepticism of the existence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction within the medical community is furthered by the debate on how little or much the sacroiliac joint moves. A discrepancy as large as 2–17 degrees has been reported in clinical findings. Treatment Treatment is often dependent on the duration and severity of the pain and dysfunction. In the acute phase (first 1–2 weeks) for a mild sprain of the sacroiliac, it is typical for the patient to be prescribed rest, ice/heat, spinal manipulation, and physical therapy; anti-inflammatory medicine can also be helpful. If the pain does not resolve in the first 1–2 weeks, then the patient may benefit from a steroid and anesthetic mixture fluoroscopically injected into the joint (this also serves in confirming diagnosis), as well as manipulative or manual therapy. For the most severe and chronic forms of sacroiliac dysfunction, treatment should proceed with the support of a sacroiliac belt, injection therapy, and finally, surgery. The anti-inflammatory effect of injection therapy is not permanent, and the injections do not offer an opportunity to stabilize an incompetent joint. Surgery is often considered a last resort, but for some patients, it is the only method of effectively stabilizing the loose joint. A fixation of the joint (screws or similar hardware only, without the use of bone grafting) is more common than a spinal fusion, as it is much less invasive, surgically straightforward, and results in a quicker recovery time for the patient. Some experts in the field believe that it is important to make sure the sacroiliac joint is in an anatomically correct position prior to fixation or fusion, but published research contradicts this belief. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have shown positive results as a treatment for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction, with randomized trials and case reports showing them to be more effective over periods of 3 months than steroid injections. Studies have also shown PRP injections into the sacroiliac joint are able to provide complete relief of symptoms, lasting as long as four years. Dextrose prolotherapy injections performed either intraarticularly or into the dorsal sacroiliac ligaments is sometimes performed as an alternative treatment option. This is a controversial therapy but it does have research evidence to support its use. Kim et al. in 2010 published a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of intraarticular prolotherapy injections versus intraarticular steroid injections in proven sacroiliac joint pain. The two interventions were equal in the short term at 3 months, but the prolotherapy group had superior pain relief at the 15 month mark at the end of follow up. This type of trial is considered high level evidence in medical circles. Hoffman et al. in 2018 published a prospective cohort study with positive results in the treatment of those with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. See also Pelvic floor dysfunction Pelvic pain Sacroiliitis References Symptoms and signs: musculoskeletal system Pelvis Musculoskeletal disorders
The greenface sandsifter (Lethrinops furcifer) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it prefers areas with sandy substrates. This species grows to a length of TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. References Greenface sandsifter Taxa named by Ethelwynn Trewavas Fish described in 1931 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Botswana National Olympic Committee is the National Olympic Committee representing Botswana. It is also the body responsible for Botswana's representation at the Commonwealth Games. The Botswana National Olympic Committee (BNOC) has facilitated Botswana's participation at the Summer Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980 and the country has never missed an edition since then. Botswana recorded their best performance at the Summer Olympic Games in London in 2012, when Nijel Amos won the country their only medal to date, a silver medal. While Botswana did not win any medal at the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in 2010, the country performed well in the 2nd edition in Nanjing China, where they won two (2) silver medals, which performance was the fourth best by an African country at the Games. The BNOC was behind Botswana's successful bid for the 2nd African Youth Games that the country hosted from 22 to 31 May 2014. The BNOC seconded a few of its staff members, including Chief Executive Tuelo Serufho to the Organising Committee of the 2nd African Youth Games that were known as Gaborone 2014. See also Botswana at the Olympics Botswana at the Commonwealth Games References External links Official website Botswana Botswana Sports governing bodies in Botswana Botswana at the Olympics 1978 establishments in Botswana Sports organizations established in 1978
Major Justino Mariño Cuesto Air Base () is a Colombian military base assigned to the Colombian Aerospace Force (Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana or FAC) Maintenance Air Command (Comando Aéreo de Mantenimiento or CAMAN). The base is located in Madrid, a municipality in the Cundinamarca department of Colombia. It is named in honor of Major Justino Mariño Cuesto. Facilities The air base resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 06/24 with an asphalt surface measuring . See also Transport in Colombia List of airports in Colombia References Colombian Air Force bases Buildings and structures in Cundinamarca Department
The 1957 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulldogs were led by sixth-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 6–2–1 record. Schedule References Yale Yale Bulldogs football seasons Yale Bulldogs football
Cynoscion arenarius, sand seatrout, sand weakfish or white trout, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. It is closely related to the common weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) and may be a subspecies of C. regalis. Taxonomy Cynoscion arenarius was first formally described in 1930 by the American ichthyologist Isaac Ginsburg with its type locality given as Galveston, Texas. The genus Cynoscion is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World in the family Sciaenidae, with the croakers and drums. In Florida this species hybridizes with two other species of Cynoscion, C. regalis and C. nothus, confirmed by genetic studies and some authors suggest that this taxon may actually be a subspecies of the common weakfish (C. regalis) that lacks spots. Description Cynoscion arenarius has a body that is elongated and compressed. The upper body is silvery gray foding to silvery in the lower body. The anal and pelvic fins are pale to yellowish and the caudal and the soft-rayed part of the dorsal fin have indistinct spots. The axil of the pectoral fins and the inside of the operculum is dark. The teeth are arranged in many rows with 2 large canines at the front of the upper jaw; while the lower jaw has row of widely spaced larger teeth which grow in size towards the back of the mouth. There are no barbels or pores on the chin but there are 2 marginal pores on the snout. The dorsal fin is incised and there are 9 or 10 spines in the part before the incision and a single spine and between 25 and 29 soft rays to its rear. The anal fin has 2 spines and 9 or 10 spines. This fish has a maximum publsihed total length of , although is more typical, and a maximum published weight of . Distribution and habitat Cynoscion arenariusis found in the western Atlantic Ocean where it occurs from Florida into the Gulf of Mexico as far south as the Bay of Campeche in Mexico. This is a demersal fish occurring in shallow coastal waters, including in the surf zone and in estuaries, where there is a sandy substrate at depths down as far as . Biology Cynoscion arenarius undertake seasonal migrations to spawn and to avoid high water temperatures. They swim into estuaries in the summer to breed and feed. They feed on fish and crustaceans. Eggs laid in offshore areas where the tidal currents will move them towards the shore. They have a lifespan of up to six years. During courtship and spawning the males produce a purring sound, similar to that of C. regalis, which they create by vibrating a special muscle against their swim bladder. They sart to produces sound at dusk and will do so each night for the length of the spawning season. Fisheries Cynoscion arenarius is a target species for both commercial and recreational fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico. It is an economically valuable species in Mexico, particularly in Veracruz, where it is fished for by commercial fisheries using gill net and hook and line. In the United States it is fished for commercially but is not as highly regarded as the spotted seatrout (C. nebulosus. References arenarius Taxa named by Isaac Ginsburg Fish described in 1930
A corolla is an ancient headdress in the form of a small circlet or crown. Usually it has ceremonial significance and represents victory or authority. History The term corolla and/or corollæ appears in a chapter title in Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia: "Who invented the art of making garlands: When they first received the name of 'corollæ,' and for what reason." In ancient times, chaplets made from branches and twigs of trees were worn by victors in sacred contests: According to Pliny, P. Claudius Pulcher introduced winter chaplets for the time at which flowers and plant matter are not available, made of thin laminæ of horn stained various colors. These winter chaplets were known there as "corollæ" (the diminutive of corona, a crown), a name Pliny says was given them to express the "remarkable delicacy of their texture". Later, these head dresses were made of thin plates of copper, gilt or silvered, and were called "corollaria", as introduced by Crassus Dives as a way to confer a greater honor when receiving them. See also Coronet Diadem Polos References Ancient Roman culture Ancient Greek culture Headgear History of clothing (Western fashion) Crowns (headgear)
Zhenwu Pavilion () is a Chinese pavilion located in Rong County, Guangxi. Alongside Yuejiang Tower, Xie Tiao Tower and Zhenhai Tower, it is one of the Four Great Towers of Jiangnan. History The original pavilion dates back to the 8th century, founded by Yuan Jie, a poet and official of the Tang dynasty (618–907). In 1377, at the dawn of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), local officials built a Taoist temple named "Xuanwu Palace" () on the former site. It was enlarged in 1573, in the ruling of Wanli Emperor, and renamed "Zhenwu Pavilion", which is still in use now. On 23 February 1982, it was listed among the second batch of "Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Guangxi" by the State Council of China. On 25 August 2017, it has been rated as a national AAAA level scenic spot by the China National Tourism Administration. Architecture Zhenwu Pavilion is a three-story wooden structure with a gable and hip roof (). It is wide, deep and high and preserves the largest, grandest and most magnificent hall in Guangxi. References Pavilions Rong County, Guangxi Tourist attractions in Yulin, Guangxi Buildings and structures in Yulin, Guangxi
Teralba railway station is located on the Main Northern line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the City of Lake Macquarie suburb of Teralba. As part of the electrification of the line in the early 1980s, the northbound platform was removed and the southbound platform converted to an island platform to allow the line south of the station to be realigned for faster speeds. The prominent signal box on top of the island platform was removed at the same time. In 2011, the station building was demolished and replaced by a waiting shed. Platforms and services Teralba has one platform with two faces. It is serviced by NSW TrainLink Central Coast & Newcastle Line services travelling from Sydney Central to Newcastle. Transport links Hunter Valley Buses operates two bus routes via Teralba station, under contract to Transport for NSW: 270: Toronto West to University of Newcastle 271: Toronto to Stockland Glendale References External links Teralba station details Transport for New South Wales Railway stations in the Hunter Region Regional railway stations in New South Wales Short-platform railway stations in New South Wales, 4 cars Main North railway line, New South Wales City of Lake Macquarie
Marlon James (born 24 November 1970) is a Jamaican writer. He is the author of five novels: John Crow's Devil (2005), The Book of Night Women (2009), A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014), which won him the 2015 Man Booker Prize, Black Leopard, Red Wolf (2019), and Moon Witch, Spider King (2022). Now living in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in the U.S., James teaches literature at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. He is also a faculty lecturer at St. Francis College's Low Residency MFA in Creative Writing. Early life and education James was born in Kingston, Jamaica, to parents who were both in the Jamaican police: his mother (who gave him his first prose book, a collection of stories by O. Henry) became a detective and his father (from whom James took a love of Shakespeare and Coleridge) a lawyer. James attended Kingston's prestigious Wolmer's Trust High School for Boys. He is a 1991 graduate of the University of the West Indies, where he read Language and Literature. He left Jamaica to escape anti-gay violence and economic conditions that he felt would mean career stagnation, later explaining: "Whether it was in a plane or a coffin, I knew I had to get out of Jamaica." He received a master's degree in creative writing from Wilkes University in Pennsylvania (2006). Career James' first novel, John Crow's Devil (2005) – which was rejected 70 times before being accepted for publication – tells the story of a biblical struggle in a remote Jamaican village in 1957. His second novel, The Book of Night Women (2009), is about a slave woman's revolt in a Jamaican plantation in the early 19th century. His 2014 novel, A Brief History of Seven Killings, explores several decades of Jamaican history and political instability through the perspectives of many narrators. It won the fiction category of the 2015 OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature and the 2015 Man Booker Prize for Fiction, having been the first book by a Jamaican author ever to be shortlisted. He is the second Caribbean winner of the prize, following Trinidad-born V. S. Naipaul who won in 1971. James's most recent work, Moon Witch, Spider King (2022) is the second in a planned fantasy series which began with Black Leopard, Red Wolf (2019). James has taught English and creative writing at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, since 2007. He is also a faculty lecturer at St. Francis College's Low Residency MFA in Creative Writing. In February 2019, James gave the seventh annual Tolkien Lecture at Pembroke College, Oxford. In 2020, James began co-hosting with his editor Jake Morrissey a literary podcast called "Marlon and Jake Read Dead People" that explores, in a casual setting, the work of deceased authors. In 2021, James had begun writing his first television series for HBO and Channel 4 titled Get Millie Black. Themes Themes in James's work span religion and the supernatural, sexuality, violence, and colonialism. Often, his novels display the struggle to find an identity, whether it be as a slave or a postcolonial inhabitant of Jamaica. John Crow's Devil (2005) In John Crow's Devil, his first novel, James explores postcolonial Jamaica through a religiously charged, archetypal battle of good and evil. His characters in this novel represent, through their archetypal portrayals, many facets of humanity including hope. Despite the particular setting, the novel "conveys archetypal situations that reside in the collective unconsciousness." Additionally, this piece of Caribbean gothic reveals the power of guilt and hypocrisy both in a person and in a community, and generally reveals truths of human nature. The ghosts of colonialism are more subtle, but the instability and struggle for identity is clear to the reader. The Book of Night Women (2009) In The Book of Night Women, James challenges the traditional slave narrative by presenting a protagonist (Lilith) who approaches her enslavement with complex duality, despite the constant description of antagonism between slaves and masters on a plantation in Jamaica. Lilith hates the masters, but much of the novel deals with how she "aspires to obtain a privileged stature within plantation society by submitting to the sexual subjugation of a white overseer, Robert Quinn". This is additionally challenged by Lilith and Robert's "love", leading the reader to question the limits of love and relationships. James intends to have readers root for Robert and Lilith, but then catch themselves, as Robert Quinn has a reputation as a brutal, violent overseer—even ordering Lilith to be severely whipped. The situation for the reader is further complicated because Quinn is Irish, another population that was looked down upon during the time period. While this at times brings him sympathy, his whiteness overshadows his Irishness. Additionally, the novel explores the complexity of what it is to be a woman, with some characters having deep connections to Obeah and Myal spiritualism. The female slaves are portrayed as strong-willed and intelligent, while the male slaves are often portrayed as weak, thoughtless, and even traitorous. "Rape, torture, murder and other dehumanizing acts propel the narrative, never failing to shock in both their depravity and their humanness. It is this complex intertwining that makes James’s book so disturbing and so eloquent". The novel "defies hegemonic notions of empire by pointing out the explosive and antagonistic relationship between colonizers and colonized." A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014) James's 2014 novel, A Brief History of Seven Killings, portrays "a passionate, often angry account of postcolonial society struggling to balance identity and a burgeoning criminal element." The novel has twelve narrators, contributing to the "excess" that Sheri-Marie Harrison explores in her article "Excess in A Brief History of Seven Killings". She explains: "James's rejection of a purely nationalist tradition, like that of other authors in his cohort, concretizes his critique of the ways nationalism distracts us from the increased deregulation of global capital and its production of material inequality around the globe. This disruption of privileged tropes in the interest of turning attention onto the transnational forces that structure inequality helps to explain James's use of 'a poetics of excess.' His experimentation with form functions to rework now familiar paradigms and themes that have been central to the literary imagination of postcolonial realities for a little over half a century." Black Leopard, Red Wolf (2019) His book, Black Leopard, Red Wolf (2019) — characterized as "an African Game of Thrones — is the first instalment of a planned trilogy. It has been described by NPR journalist Ari Shapiro as "an epic fantasy quest — full of monsters, sex, and violence, set in a mythic version of ancient Africa." According to TIME magazine, the novel "joins the ranks of those by authors like Tomi Adeyemi and N. K. Jemisin, whose works push back against stereotypes about the types of figures who 'should' appear in fantasy fiction." Warner Bros. and Michael B. Jordan's production company Outlier Society acquired the book's film rights in 2019. Moon Witch, Spider King (2022) The sequel to Black Leopard, Red Wolf in 2022, titled Moon Witch, Spider King, was published by Riverhead in 2022. Influences James's influences include authors as well as musicians. In his acceptance speech for the Man Booker Prize in 2015, he explained: "The reggae singers Bob Marley and Peter Tosh were the first to recognize that the voice coming out our mouths was a legitimate voice for fiction and for poetry." In other words, these singers empowered other artists such as James to create. In his popular 2015 essay "From Jamaica to Minnesota to Myself", published in the New York Times Magazine, James describes reading Salman Rushdie's novel Shame (1983): "Its prose was so audacious, its reality so unhinged, that you didn't see at first how pointedly political and just plain furious it was. It made me realize that the present was something I could write my way out of." James has said that he re-read Ben Okri's 1991 novel The Famished Road while writing Black Leopard, Red Wolf: "Okri is such an influence on me. I've read Famished Road like four times." A lifelong fan of comics, James has cited comic characters such as "Hellboy" as an influence on his work, citing comics' ability to blend genres as an inspiration to his own approach to writing fiction. Tone and style James's work carries a unique style, often referred to as disturbing, brutal, and violent, leading him to be compared in one review to Quentin Tarantino, who is known for his excessive use of violence in his films. James does not hold back in his graphic descriptions of sexual and violent acts, which contributes to the raw nature of his writing. "James does not set out to entertain, he does not want readers to be entertained by shocking events: he believes they should be rightly horrified…" His work is challenging and lyrical, and he often uses Jamaican Patois in dialogue, and often uses multiple dialects for different characters. His style strays from traditional and expected Caribbean literature by "creating wild and risky new possibilities for thinking about the region's place in our contemporary reality." James has stated that he commits offences in his writing that he would not allow his students to commit, "such as writing seven-page sentences." James's writing has been compared to that of Toni Morrison, William Faulkner, and Gabriel García Márquez. Reception Reception of James's novels has been conflicted—the same elements that some critics find to be strengths, others believe are his weaknesses. The conflicting nature of how readers and reviewers respond stems from reactions to the often upfront brutality juxtaposed with the mechanical elements that James uses to tell his stories. One critic writes: "The linguistic and stylistic excess which dominates A Brief History of Seven Killings both elevates it and burdens it." Another reviewer explained, "I have had conversations with fellow Caribbeanists and students in which they have used terms like 'orgiastic' and 'masturbatory' to describe James's writing." When reviewing The Book of Night Women, another critic explains: "Rape, torture, murder and other dehumanizing acts propel the narrative, never failing to shock in both their depravity and their humanness. It is this complex intertwining that makes James’s book so disturbing and so eloquent." Awards and honours In 2013, James received a Silver Musgrave Medal from the Institute of Jamaica. In 2019, he was named one ofTime's 100 Most Influential People. The same year, The Guardian, Kirkus Reviews, and Shelf Awareness named Black Leopard, Red Wolf one of the best books of the year. In 2022, Kirkus Reviews, NPR, Publishers Weekly named Moon Witch, Spider King one of the best books of the year. Works Stand-alone literature The Dark Star trilogy Television Get Millie Black (TBA) See also Caribbean literature Postcolonial literature References Further reading Battersby, Eileen. "Booker Winner Marlon James Tops Tarantino for Body Count". Contemporary Literary Criticism, edited by Lawrence J. Trudeau, vol. 405, Gale, 2017. Literature Resource Center Frank, Alex. "Marlon James on Winning the Man Booker Prize, Fictionalizing Bob Marley, and Why He Loves Kendrick Lamar", Vogue, 1 February 2017. Gifford, Sheryl. "(Re)Making Men, Representing the Caribbean Nation: Individuation in the Works of Fred D’Aguiar, Robert Antoni, and Marlon James." Diss. Florida Atlantic University, 2013. Print. Harrison, Sheri-Marie. "Excess in a Brief History of Seven Killings." Post45, 24 October 2015. James, Marlon. "From Jamaica to Minnesota to Myself", The New York Times, 10 March 2015. . Ozuna, Ana. "Feminine Power: Women Contesting Plantocracy in The Book of Night Women", Journal of Pan African Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, 2017, pp. 132+. Literature Resource Center. Polk, James. "Spiritual Combat". Review of John Crow's Devil, by Marlon James. The New York Times, 13 November 2005: 54. Thomson, Ian. "God 'and Rum' on the Rocks". Review of John Crow's Devil, by Marlon James. The Independent, 28 October 2005: 21. External links Paul Holdengraber, "Marlon James needs noise to write (and other revelations)" (interview), The Literary Hub, 10 August 2017. Joshua Jelly-Schapiro, "A Caribbean Literary Renaissance" (interview), NYR Daily, 1 March 2018. 1970 births 21st-century Jamaican novelists 21st-century male writers American Book Award winners American gay writers Booker Prize winners Jamaican emigrants to the United States Jamaican male novelists LGBT people from Minnesota Jamaican LGBT novelists Jamaican gay men Living people Macalester College faculty Writers from Kingston, Jamaica Recipients of the Musgrave Medal University of the West Indies alumni Wilkes University alumni Writers from Minneapolis Gay novelists
Bruno Major (born 15 July 1988) is a British singer-songwriter and guitarist. His debut album A Song for Every Moon was released in 2017. Career On 21 January 2014, Major released the four-song EP Live on Virgin Records, where he worked with producer Ethan Johns before being released from the label. In August 2016, Major announced that he would write, record and release one song every month for a year, which resulted in the 12-song R&B album A Song for Every Moon, released on 3 November 2017. In November 2017, he went on The Trio Tour in six cities in the US and Europe. In 2018, he embarked on a tour across North America, followed by a UK arena tour opening for Sam Smith, a headline tour of Europe and the UK, and a headline tour of the United States. He appeared on The Late Late Show on 22 February 2018, in his first television performance, performing his song "Easily". In June 2018, he performed at his first US festival, Bonnaroo Music Festival. In September and October, he went on an Asia tour for the first time. On 19 February 2019, Major released a revised version of "Old Fashioned" from his "Live" EP. Following that, he released a string of five more singles over the year, until 20 March 2020, when Major announced his second full length album, To Let a Good Thing Die, to be released on 5 June 2020. The album featured producer Finneas as a co-writer for "The Most Beautiful Thing". "Easily" was certified gold in Australia in July 2021. His 2020 single "Nothing" reached number 63 on the Irish Singles Chart in November 2021. On 5 May 2023, Major released the single "We Were Never Really Friends", followed by his third album's title track, "Columbo" on May 23 2023. Personal life Major is originally from Northampton, England. He moved to London in 2011. Originally a jazz musician, he began his career as a session guitarist at age 16, for artists including Lalah Hathaway. Major also studied a degree in jazz at Leeds Conservatoire (formally Leeds College of Music). Major has cited guitarist Joe Pass and songwriter Cole Porter as influences. He is the older brother of Dominic 'Dot' Major of London Grammar. Discography Albums EPs Singles Appears on "Shelter" by M. J. Cole feat. Bruno Major (2017) Writing, producing Tour Headlining North American Tour (2018) Asia Tour (2018) Tour of Planet Earth (2023) References 1988 births Living people British male singer-songwriters English pop guitarists English jazz guitarists Musicians from Northampton English male guitarists English record producers
getmail is a simple mail retrieval agent intended as a replacement for fetchmail, implemented in Python. It can retrieve mail from POP3, IMAP4, and Standard Dial-up POP3 Service servers, with or without SSL. It supports simple and domain (multidrop) mailboxes, mail filtering via any arbitrary program, and supports a wide variety of mail destination types, including mboxrd, maildir, and external arbitrary mail delivery agents. Unlike fetchmail, getmail's Python foundation makes it nearly immune to buffer overflow security holes. It also has a simpler configuration syntax than fetchmail, but supports fewer authentication protocols. The software can also function as a basic mail delivery agent. Getmail is free software and is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2. It is written and maintained by Charles Cazabon. The original getmail software requires Python 2, which is no longer supported. A fork named getmail6, which is not from getmail's original author, provides Python 3 support. See also Mail retrieval agent fetchmail fdm OfflineIMAP References Bibliography External links getmail6 fork Free email software Free software programmed in Python Email clients
The Intelligent Homosexual's Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures is a 2009 play by American playwright Tony Kushner. The title was inspired by George Bernard Shaw's The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism and Mary Baker Eddy's Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. Production history The world premiere was directed by Michael Greif at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, opening on May 15, 2009 in previews and running through June 28. The Public Theater and the Signature Theater Company co-produced a somewhat rewritten version of the play, which premiered Off-Broadway at the Public Theater on March 23, 2011 in previews, with opening on May 5 and closing on June 12. The play was directed by Michael Greif and featured Michael Cristofer, Linda Emond, Michael Esper and Stephen Spinella. Berkeley Repertory Theatre presented the play's West Coast premiere starting in May 2014. Berkeley Rep Artistic Director Tony Taccone directed, and actors included Mark Margolis as Gus, Deirdre Lovejoy as Empty, and Lou Liberatore as Pill. The play received its London premiere in October 2016 at the Hampstead Theatre in a production directed by Michael Boyd and starring David Calder as Gus, and Tamsin Greig as Empty. Plot The play looks at the life of a 20th-century thinker, retired longshoreman Gus Marcantonio, who is feeling confused and defeated by the 21st century. In summer 2007, his sister, who has been staying with him for a year, invites Gus's three children (who in turn bring along spouses, ex-spouses, lovers and more) to a most unusual family reunion in their Brooklyn brownstone. Original Guthrie Theater cast Mark Benninghofen as Adam Butler Kathleen Chalfant as Benedicta Immacolata Marcantonio (Bennie) Sun Mee Chomet as Sooze Moon Marcantonio Michael Cristofer as Augusto Giuseppe Garibaldi Marcantonio (Gus) Linda Emond as Maria Teresa Marcantonio (M.T.) Michael Esper as Eli Wolcott Charity Jones as Maeve Ludens Ron Menzel as Vito Marcantonio (V, Vic, Vinnie) Michelle O'Neill as Shelle O'Neill Michael Potts as Paul Pierce Stephen Spinella as Pier Luigi Marcantonio (Pill) London premiere cast Hampstead Theatre - October 2016 David Calder as Gus Richard Clothier as Pill Daniel Flynn as Adam Tamsin Greig as Empty Sara Kestelman as Clio Katie Leung as Sooze Luke Newberry as Eli Sirine Saba as Maeve Rhashan Stone as Paul Lex Shrapnel as V Katy Stephens as Shelle Early reception According to an article in the St. Paul Pioneer Press, only local critics were encouraged to review the play. National critics like Ben Brantley of The New York Times, who was originally invited to review the play, were asked to wait for a future production. The reviews that have been published have been somewhat mixed, acknowledging that the play is in early stages, while praising many of its positive moments. The Star Tribune ran a review stating "The lines sound great in the actors' mouths, their performances are excellent and Greif dances this show across the Guthrie stage with humor and muscular strokes. It is a very American work - a dense rush of ideas." While going on to observe that the "operatic cacophony at times skates precipitously close to the razor's edge of incoherence." References External links Internet Off-Broadway Database listing Variety review, May 25, 2009 World Socialist Web Site review, 20 July, 2011 Play Guide for Guthrie Theater production Plays by Tony Kushner 2009 plays Fiction set in 2007 Brooklyn in fiction Plays set in New York City LGBT-related plays Works about capitalism Works about socialism
259 Mount Auburn Street is a small historic house built in the Italianate style of architecture located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Description and history Details surrounding the construction of the house are unclear, because it was apparently moved to the site where it currently resides in the late 1850s. Its Italianate styling places its construction right around 1850, and its small size (22' by 18') suggests that it might have originally been built as a railroad depot, probably from the Watertown Branch Railroad. It is two stories in height, with a shallow-pitch hip roof that extends to an unusual length beyond the walls, and is supported by large decorative brackets. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 30, 1983. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts References External links Houses completed in 1850 Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Cambridge, Massachusetts Italianate architecture in Massachusetts
Botha is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within the County of Stettler No. 6. It is located approximately east of Red Deer and east of Stettler. History The community was founded in 1909 around the train station named after Louis Botha. Botha then incorporated as a village on September 5, 1911. It dissolved from village status 106 years later on September 1, 2017, becoming a hamlet under the jurisdiction of the County of Stettler No. 6. Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Botha had a population of 180 living in 70 of its 78 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 204. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Botha had a population of 204 living in 80 of its 81 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 175. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016. Education Botha School is part of Clearview Public Schools. See also List of communities in Alberta List of hamlets in Alberta References 1911 establishments in Alberta 2017 disestablishments in Alberta Designated places in Alberta Former villages in Alberta Hamlets in Alberta
Frank Hoffmann (16 July 1938 – 4 June 2022) was a German-Austrian actor. Life and work Frank Hoffmann was born in Radebeul, near Dresden, in Germany. He trained at the Otto-Falckenberg-Schule in Munich. His first acting roles were in Heidelberg, Graz, Dortmund, Cologne and Basel, where he worked at the Theater Basel. In 1967, he was a member of the ensemble at the Burgtheater in Vienna. This was where he met his future wife, , who had been an actor there since 1965. He then featured in a number of films and tv programmes, including alongside Jean-Paul Belmondo in The Ace of Aces, alongside Senta Berger in Die Nacht der Nächte, Susi Nicoletti in the stage drama Heldenplatz and in Bella Ciao, directed by Xaver Schwarzenberger. Between 1975 and 1994, Hoffmann directed and presented the tv show Trailer, shown on ORF. With his distinctive voice, Frank Hoffmann also featured in a number of radio adverts and on radio shows. In 2008, he was awarded the Golden Decoration of Honor of the City of Vienna. In 2010, he was an ambassador of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor in the "International Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion". In 2011, he was Ambassador of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor in the "International Year of Volunteers". Since January 2013, he has been a film expert for the private television channel ServusTV in the program Lichtspiele - Das Filmmagazin. Hoffmann married Else Ludwig in 1966 and had two daughters. In the last twenty years of his life, Hoffmann lived in a farmhouse in Großmürbisch in Burgenland, where he died on 4 June 2022 at the age of 83. Decorations and awards 1986: Honorary Member of the World Wide Fund for Nature 1986 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art 1999: Grand Decoration of Burgenland 2004: State cultural award Burgenland 2008: Gold Medal of the City of Vienna 27 November 2008: Title of Professor References External links 1938 births 2022 deaths People from Radebeul German male television actors Austrian male television actors Austrian television presenters Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
Xiong Dailin (熊黛林, born 10 October 1980), better known as Lynn Hung, is a Hong Kong-based fashion model and actress originally from mainland China. Born in Nanjing, China, Hung moved her base of modeling activities to Hong Kong in 2006 and began working there mainly in the runway scene, becoming known as a top model, and beginning her acting career in 2008. She became well known as the girlfriend of Aaron Kwok, a singer known as one of Hong Kong's "Four Heavenly Kings" from 2006 to 2013. Hong Kong press reported in 2009 that she was the #4 highest-paid model in Greater China, next to Hong Kong's Gaile Lai (#3), Mainland China's Jennifer Du (#2), and Taiwan's Lin Chi-ling (#1). Early life Hung was born in Nanjing, China with family roots in Guizhou on 10 October 1980. She later studied costume design and performing arts at Soochow University. Career In 1999, Hung developed her career in Shanghai and became the second runner-up in the "China National Model Competition". In 2002 she received the "Best Fashion Model" and the "China Top Ten Models" awards. In 2008, Hung went to Hong Kong and started her acting career in the award-winning film Ip Man starring alongside Donnie Yen. She later appeared in films such as All's Well, Ends Well 2010, Ip Man 2, My Sassy Girl 2, and Ip Man 3. She has also acted in Material Queen alongside Vanness Wu in 2011. She has also been filming the show If You Love a Chinese season 2 with Korean actor and entertainer Lee Kwang-soo, who is best known as a cast member of the variety show Running Man. Personal life Hung had been in a serious relationship with Aaron Kwok since 2006. In 2012, when Aaron Kwok was planning his engagement to Lynn, her father Fan Tao was hospitalised for liver cancer, so it was postponed indefinitely. Fan later died in January 2013. Hung dated Hong Kong businessman Ken Kwok in 2014 and they later married in December 2016. Hung gave birth to twin daughters Kaylor and Lyvia in April 2018, in a private hospital located on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Filmography Film Television series References External links Article on Jaynestars 1980 births Living people Hong Kong film actresses Chinese female models Hong Kong television actresses Actresses from Jiangsu Actresses from Nanjing People with acquired residency of Hong Kong Participants in Chinese reality television series Chinese film actresses Chinese television actresses 21st-century Chinese actresses 21st-century Hong Kong actresses
Osmia coloradensis, the Colorado osmia, is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It is found in Central America and North America. References Further reading coloradensis Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1878
Edinburgh Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Edinburgh, Johnson County, Indiana. The district encompasses 48 contributing buildings in the central business district of Edinburgh. It developed between about 1854 and 1941, and includes notable examples of Italianate, Late Victorian and Classical Revival style architecture. Notable buildings include the Edinburgh Interurban Depot (1919), Mooney House (c. 1865), A. C. Thompson / Danner Building (1854), A. C. Thompson Bank (1872), Masonic Temple (1915), IOOF Building (1888), Central Hotel / Toner House (1855), and Edinburgh Town Hall (1920). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. References Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana Italianate architecture in Indiana Victorian architecture in Indiana Neoclassical architecture in Indiana Historic districts in Johnson County, Indiana National Register of Historic Places in Johnson County, Indiana
Valet de chambre (), or varlet de chambre, was a court appointment introduced in the late Middle Ages, common from the 14th century onwards. Royal households had many persons appointed at any time. While some valets simply waited on the patron, or looked after his clothes and other personal needs, itself potentially a powerful and lucrative position, others had more specialized functions. At the most prestigious level it could be akin to a monarch or ruler's personal secretary, as was the case of Anne de Montmorency at the court of Francis I of France. For noblemen pursuing a career as courtiers, like Étienne de Vesc, it was a common early step on the ladder to higher offices. For some this brought entry into the lucrative court business of asking for favours on behalf of clients, and passing messages to the monarch or lord heading the court. Valets might supply specialized services of various kinds to the patron, as artists, musicians, poets, scholars, librarians, doctors or apothecaries and curators of collections. Valets comprised a mixture of nobles hoping to rise in their career, and those—often of humble origin—whose specialized abilities the monarch wanted to use or reward. The title of valet enabled access to the monarch or other employer; the "chambre" originally referred to rooms such as the throne room, or the Privy chamber where the ruler conducted his more private meetings, but services extended to the bedroom as well. Sometimes, as in Spain and England, different bodies of valets were responsible for the bedroom and the daytime rooms. Often, the moment the ruler went outdoors a whole new division of staff took over. From the late 14th century onwards the term is found in connection with an artist, author, architect, or musician's position within a noble or royal circle, with painters increasingly receiving the title as the social prestige of artists became increasingly distinct from that of craftsmen. The benefits for the artist were a position of understood status in the court hierarchy, with a salary, livery clothes to wear (in the early period at least), the right to meals at the palace, often in a special mess-room, and benefits such as exclusion from local guild regulations, and, if all went well, a lifetime pension. The valet would frequently be housed, at least when working in the palace, but often permanently. Lump-sums might be paid to the valet, especially to provide a dowry for a daughter; sons were often able to join the court as well. National terms In the English Royal Household the French term was used, whilst French was the language of the court, for example for Geoffrey Chaucer in the 1370s; but subsequently titles such as Groom of the Chamber, Groom of the Stool, and Groom of the Robes were used for people with different responsibilities. The "Grooms of the Privy Chamber" and of the "Stool" were more important posts because they involved closer access and were usually held by the well-born, often knights. The "Groom-Porter"'s job was to "regulate all matters to do with gaming" at court, providing the cards, and settling disputes. Other countries used other terms: in Italian usually cameriere, in German-speaking courts Kammerjunker or Hofjunker were the usual titles, though it was Kammerer in the Austrian Habsburg court, and Kammerherr in Bavaria. In Russia Stolnik was broadly equivalent, until Peter the Great introduced new titles in 1722, after which the Камер-юнкер or kammerjunker came 11th out of 14 in the Table of Ranks. "Valet de chambre" also became used outside courts to refer to normal manservants. Valets from the arts The patron retained the services of the valet de chambre-artist or musician, sometimes exclusively, but often not. The degree to which valets with special skills were expected to perform the normal serving tasks of valets no doubt varied greatly, and remains obscure from at least the earlier records. Probably many were expected to be on hand for service on major occasions, but otherwise not often. The appointment gave the artist a place in the court management structure, under such officials as the Lord Chamberlain in England, or the Grand Master of France, usually via an intermediate court officer. In turn the valets were able to give orders to the huissiers or ushers, footmen, pages, and other ordinary servants. There were some female equivalents, such as the portrait miniaturist Levina Teerlinc (daughter of Simon Bening), who served as a gentlewoman in the royal households of both Mary I and Elizabeth I, and Sofonisba Anguissola, who was court painter to Philip II of Spain and art tutor with the rank of lady-in-waiting to his third wife Elisabeth of Valois, a keen amateur artist. During the Renaissance, the regularly required artistic roles in music and painting typically began to be given their own offices and titles, as Court painter, Master of the King's Music and so forth, and the valets mostly reverted to looking after the personal, and often the political, needs of their patron. In fact Jan van Eyck, one of the many artists and musicians with the rank of valet in the Burgundian court, was already described as a painter as well as a valet. In England the artists of the Tudor court, as well as the musicians, had other dedicated offices to fill, so that artistic valets or Grooms were mainly literary or dramatic. But these included whole companies of actors, who in practice seem to have gone their own way outside their performances, except for being drafted in to help on specially busy occasions. In August 1604 the King's Men, presumably including Shakespeare, were "waiting and attending" upon the Spanish ambassador at Somerset House, "on his Majesty's service", no doubt in connection with the Somerset House Conference, then negotiating a treaty with Spain — but no plays were performed. Over the previous Christmas, the whole company had been housed at Hampton Court Palace, several miles outside London, for three weeks, in the course of which they gave seven performances. Some courtier artists took their courtly careers very seriously. Geoffrey Chaucer held a number of roles as a diplomat and what we would now call a civil servant. Diego Velázquez was appointed "King's painter" in 1623, at the age of 24, and held this position until his death at the age of 61. In addition, he progressed through the hierarchy of courtiers as "usher in the royal chamber" in 1627 (equivalent to valet de chambre), "Assistant in the Wardrobe" (1636) and "Assistant in the Privy Chamber" (ayuda de cámera) in 1643. These appointments put him in the "select group" of some 350 top royal servants, out of about 1,700 in total, and probably used up much of his time. In fact Velázquez perhaps saw more of the King than any other servants, as Philip spent long hours in his studio watching him paint. Finally, after the King's first application on his behalf was rejected, and some probable falsification of his family background and career, Velázquez managed in 1659 to obtain entry to the chivalric Order of Santiago, the pinnacle of his courtly ambitions. In the Baroque court When Jean Poquelin arranged for his 18-year-old son, better known as the dramatist Molière, to follow in his footsteps as one of the eight "Tapissiers ordinaires de la chambre du Roi", with a valet de chambre's rank, he had to pay 1,200 livres. But the title required only 3 months' work a year, looking after the royal furniture and tapestries, for a salary of 300 livres, with the opportunity to take commission on a number of lucrative contracts. Poquelin senior ran his successful shop in Paris when not on royal duty. Molière retained the office of valet until his death. The court duties of many valets, specialized or otherwise, followed regular cycles, rotating every quarter between four holders. Alexandre Bontemps, head of the thirty-six functional ordinary valets de chambre of Louis XIV of France, was a powerful and feared figure, in charge of the troops guarding the royal palaces, and an elaborate network of spies on courtiers. Major courts had a higher layer of courtier attendants, always from the upper nobility, whose French version was the Gentleman of the bedchamber (four, rotating annually), and in England Lord of the Bedchamber. At the increasingly formalized ceremony of the Levée the clothes of the monarch would be passed by the valet to the Gentleman, who would pass it to, or place it on, the monarch himself. Especially in France, several other members of the royal family had their own households, with their own corps of valets. During the Baroque age the role of valet largely ceased to be a career step for noble courtiers aiming for the highest offices, although the Premier Valets of the Kings of France, now a role usually passing from father to son, were themselves ennobled and wealthy. Livery clothes and the right to meals were converted into extra cash payments by several courts. Constant, valet de chambre to Napoleon I, was one of many who published their memoirs, from the 18th century on. Especially in German lands, honorary titles as kammerer and the variants were now given, mostly to noblemen, with great freedom, but with no payment or services being exchanged; both Vienna and Munich had over 400 by the 18th century. Notable holders of the office Artists Mainly painters, unless otherwise stated. Jacques de Baerze, woodcarver to Philip the Good. David Beck (1621–1656), portraitist, valet de chambre to Christina of Sweden Henri Bellechose Hue de Boulogne, one of many painter-valets in the Burgundian accounts of Duke Philip the Bold. Jean Bondol, artist from Bruges, recruited by the French court, now best known as an illuminator (see picture), and for the design of the Apocalypse tapestries at Angers. Jean Bourdichon, most famous as an illuminator. Melchior Broederlam François Clouet, French portraitist, like his father Jean Clouet Jean de Court, painter and valet to Mary, Queen of Scots Daniel Dumonstier (1574-1645 or 46), French portraitist and collector. Barthélemy d'Eyck, to René of Anjou Hubert van Eyck Jan van Eyck Bartolomeo Ghetti, Italian who worked for Francis I of France Gerard Horenbout, illuminator Paul de Limbourg – Illuminator Gerard Loyet Jean Malouel Philippe de Mazerolles, Frenchman appointed as Burgundian court illuminator, possibly identical with the Master of Anthony of Burgundy Jean Nocret Jean Perréal, also a sculptor and architect. Raphael was a papal valet Claus Sluter, sculptor, also succeeded his master Jean de Marville Bartholomeus Spranger for Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor Robinet Testard – Illuminator Georges Trubert, illuminator for René of Anjou. Willem van Vleuten goldsmith to Philip the Good. Klaas van der Werve sculptor to Philip the Good. Similar court positions were held by many court painters, notably Andrea Mantegna and Diego Velázquez. Musicians Adrien Basin Baltasar de Beaujoyeulx, virtuoso violinist and master of ceremonies for Catherine de' Medici's court festivals, he created the Ballet Comique de la Reine, the first ballet. Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber, in 1668 began his career at 24 as valet de chambre for the Bishop of Olmütz, before progressing to Imperial service and a knighthood. Antoine Busnois Hayne van Ghizeghem Pieter van Maldere appointed as late as 1758 Marco Marazzoli Roman composer, aiutante di camera to Cardinal Antonio Barberini, later cameriere extra to Pope Alexander VII. Julien Perrichon Thomas Purcell, English singer, violist, and minor composer, probably uncle of Henry Purcell, was Groom of the Robes from 1661, eventually holding seven court posts simultaneously, mostly musical, but also as "underhousekeeper" at Somerset House. Johannes Tapissier Jacobus Vide Literary men and actors George Bryan Elizabethan actor with the Lord Chamberlain's Men, who seems to have become a regular Groom of the Chamber on his retirement from the stage - or perhaps that was just a way of giving him a pension. Geoffrey Chaucer, poet and courtier, became a page to the king's daughter-in-law in his early teens, and married one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting; he progressed to higher offices at court. Charles Rivière Dufresny, dramatist Stephen Hawes, poet and Groom of the Chamber in 1502, under Henry VII. Thomas Heywood, playwright and producer. With several of his actors became Groom of the Queen's Chamber for Elizabeth I of England The King's Men, the playing company under James I and Charles I of England, were "grooms extraordinary of the chamber". Clément Marot, poet, and his father Jean (below). Like Thomas Sternhold (see below) he published an influential vernacular verse translation of the Psalms. Jean Marot poet, and secretary (escripvain) to Anne of Brittany. Molière, who began his career following his father (also a valet de chambre), as a tapissier valet, looking after the royal tapestries and furniture, before going into acting and becoming court dramatist. Bonaventure des Périers, author and secretary to Marguerite de Navarre William Shakespeare, as a key member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men and later the King's Men, had this status as part of the English habit of making the whole of court theatrical companies Grooms of the Chamber. He occasionally participated in great ceremonial occasions, wearing livery at James I's royal entry to London in 1604. Thomas Sternhold, translator of the Metrical Psalms, and Groom of the Robes to Henry VIII and Edward VI. Other specialists Marin le Bourgeoys (c. 1550–1634) French gunsmith, inventor (or perfector) of the flintlock mechanism firing action. Jean-Baptiste Baillon III, (d. 1772), French clockmaker Court Jews, usually either physicians or financiers, were often appointed, especially in the German lands. Nicholas Fleury, embroiderer to Henry IV of France Jean-Roland Malet, economist Balthazar Martinot (1636-1714) French clockmaker. Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier scientist, balloonist and curator; the first person to make an untethered balloon flight (in the presence of the king), and two years later the first person to die in an aviation accident. Andries van Vesel, apothecary to the Holy Roman Emperors, and father of the great anatomist Vesalius Jehan du Vivier, French royal goldsmith, paid in 1390 for a reliquary. Courtiers, soldiers and politicians In fact the majority of valets fell under this category in the earlier period. All these appear to have had functional, rather than purely honorary, positions. Sir John Donne (1420s-1503, Welsh Yorkist soldier, diplomat and courtier, made Usher of the Chamber in 1461, on Edward IV's accession, then Esquire of the Body 1465–69 Friedrich von Canitz (1654–99), Prussian diplomat who entered court as a Kammerjunker. His poems were published posthumously. Adolph Freiherr Knigge (1752–96), statesman, author, and leading Freemason. Anne de Montmorency, at the start of his very distinguished career Sir Henry Neville was made Groom of the Privy Chamber 1546, five years after being knighted, then Gentleman of the Privy Chamber in 1550, and Member of Parliament for Berkshire five times, from 1553- 1584. A typical moderately successful courtier's career. Sir Henry Norreys, a Groom of the Stool (an especially intimate role) under Henry VIII, was executed for an alleged affair with Queen Anne Boleyn, along with William Brereton, a Groom of the Privy Chamber. Jean de Saint Yon , (1457-1529) French courtier and poet Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff (1626–92), scholar and statesman, a protege of the duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha who made him hofjunker after university. He wrote an influential work on the administration of small principalities. Ludwig von Siegen, aristocratic soldier and amateur artist, who invented the mezzotint. In the small court of the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, then a minor, his title of kammerjunker seems to have equated in fact to Chamberlain and head of the palace guards. Étienne de Vesc Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov (1714-1767), Russian diplomat and statesman, made kammerjunker at the age of 14, his career took off after he helped Elizabeth of Russia in her coup d'etat of 1741. Christian Frederik von Schalburg (1906-1942), Danish officer who was born in tzarist Russia and fell on the Eastern Front, used the title kammerjunker from 1936 where he served in the Royal Danish Life Guards. See also Artists of the Tudor Court Esquire of the Body Groom in Waiting Papal Gentlemen References External links Court culture, including the role of the valet Court titles Court titles in the Ancien Régime
MXD, MxD, or mxd can refer to: Manufacturing times Digital, a digital manufacturing institute based in Chicago, Illinois, U.S., that is part of Manufacturing USA Modang language, a language spoken in East Kalimantan province, Indonesia, by ISO 639 code Batik Air Malaysia, a regional airline from Malaysia, by ICAO code Maximum latewood density, a facet of tree rings studied by dendroclimatology .mxd, a file format for map data supported by ArcMap Minoxidil, a medicine used to treat high blood pressure and hair loss, by Protein Data Bank ligand code Marion Downs Airport, an airport in Marion Downs Station, Queensland, Australia; see List of airports by IATA airport code: M See also Mixed (disambiguation)
Manuel Jesús Avendaño Valenzuela (born April 7, 1982), known as Manuel Valenzuela, is a Chilean former footballer who played as a defender for Rangers de Talca and Curicó Unido. Notes References 1982 births Living people Chilean men's footballers Primera B de Chile players Chilean Primera División players Rangers de Talca footballers Curicó Unido footballers Men's association football defenders Sportspeople from Talca Footballers from Maule Region
Azerbaijan–Kenya relations refer to bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Kenya. Cooperation between the two countries covers such areas as tourism, science, education, and so on. Diplomatic relations In June 2004, Azerbaijan and Kenya signed a joint communique establishing diplomatic relations. Azerbaijan's Ambassador to Kenya is Elman Abdullayev. High-level visits On 29 June 2012 the Prime Minister's spouse of Kenya – Ida Odinga paid a visit to Azerbaijan to participate in the Crans Montana Forum held in Baku. On 5–6 May 2017, the Minister of Sport, Culture and Art of the Republic of Kenya Hasan Vario Arero paid a visit to the Republic of Azerbaijan to attend the World Forum on Intercultural Dialogue held in Baku. On month December, 2018,The president of East African youth Parliament/Assembly.Hon.Jeremiah Mumo Kisangau visited Baku in Azerbaijan to attend Inter Parliamentary Union (IPU) where he was one of main speaker. Economic cooperation Kenya's exports to Azerbaijan are based on raw materials, agricultural products, and so on. According to statistical data of the State Customs Committee of Azerbaijan, in January–September 2016, the mutual trade turnover amounted to 617.79 thousand US dollars. The volume of imports increased by 14.3 times. According to statistics from the UN trade office (COMTRADE), in 2019, the volume of Azerbaijan's exports to Kenya amounted to 354 thousand US dollars. The basis of Azerbaijan's export to Kenya is textiles. Nargiz Eyvazova, Deputy Chairman of the organization for European integration of youth of Azerbaijan, represented Azerbaijan at the young leaders forum held in Nairobi in March 2012. See also Foreign relations of Azerbaijan Foreign relations of Kenya References External links Embassy of Azerbaijan in Nairobi Kenya Azerbaijan
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (in case citations, S.D. Miss.) is a federal court in the Fifth Circuit with facilities in Gulfport, Hattiesburg, Natchez, and Jackson. Appeals from cases brought in the Southern District of Mississippi are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The United States attorney for the Southern District of Mississippi represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. the United States attorney is Todd Gee. Counties under jurisdiction Adams Amite Claiborne Clarke Copiah Covington Forrest Franklin George Greene Hancock Harrison Hinds Holmes Issaquena Jackson Jasper Jefferson Jefferson Davis Jones Kemper Lamar Lauderdale Lawrence Leake Lincoln Madison Marion Neshoba Newton Noxubee Pearl River Perry Pike Rankin Scott Sharkey Simpson Smith Stone Walthall Warren Wayne Wilkinson Yazoo Current judges : Former judges Chief judges Succession of seats See also Courts of Mississippi List of current United States district judges List of United States federal courthouses in Mississippi Footnotes Further reading David M. Hargrove, Mississippi's Federal Courts: A History. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2019. External links U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi Mississippi, Southern District Mississippi law Biloxi, Mississippi Hattiesburg, Mississippi Vicksburg, Mississippi Jackson, Mississippi 1838 establishments in Mississippi Courthouses in Mississippi Courts and tribunals established in 1838
Mischtechnik or mixed technique is a term spanning various methods of layering paint, including the usage of different substances. The term gained popularity after Max Doerner's 1921 book The Materials of the Artist and Their Use in Painting: With Notes on the Techniques of the Old Masters However, Doerner made some conclusions about the usage by painters and Mischtechnik which today are no longer considered completely accurate. Egg tempera Mischtechnik can be a method of painting with egg tempera, used in combination with oil-based paints and resins to render a luminous, resonant realism. The egg yolk of the egg tempera is a naturally occurring emulsion of water and oil. As such, the old masters found ways of extending the natural advantages of its emulsion to create lean, siccative, smoothly transitional, semi-transparent layers of paint. The visual effects created by working in the mixed technique essentially rely upon the phenomenon of light refracting through many subsequent layers of paint. One common approach is to transpose the main compositional elements of a value study onto a panel using India ink, then slowly build up volume by alternating egg tempera with an overall glaze of oil paints mixed with resin, producing a jewel-like effect. The technique can be very time-consuming and demanding. It is unforgiving of pentimenti, yet full of delightful surprises, since many unexpected colors can naturally arise during the ongoing glazing process. History In the twentieth century artists such as Otto Dix, Ernst Fuchs and Egon von Vietinghoff, as well as Surrealist and visionary artists such as, Robert Venosa, Philip Rubinov Jacobson, Brigid Marlin or Mati Klarwein, used the technique. Nicolas Wacker taught his own version of the technique at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris during the late 1960s and 1970s. Many contemporary painters credit their knowledge of the technique to him. See also Glaze (painting technique) Old Master Oil painting References External links Brigid Marlin—The method and formulas of the mische technique Madeline von Foerster—The process of mische technique Painting techniques PAINTING SEMINARS in the method and formulas of the mische technique de:Ölmalerei#Mischtechnik
Jammu and Kashmir Black Day is an annual commemoration established in India by the Narendra Modi-led government on 22 October 2020 with the stated aim of highlighting Pakistan's role in the 1947 Kashmir conflict, to term it as an invasion and a "Black Day." About According to Indian sources, the invasion did not start on 22 October. The first skirmish, comprising 2 JAK Infantry, took place at Owen Pattan on 8–9 October 1947. Sehnsa was attacked on 9 October, and the following days saw more skirmishes at different locations. However, 22 October is the day of observance of the invasion due to the so-called importance of the Kashmir valley, the day the Instrument of Accession was signed, and political decisions taken. A number of awareness related events, including cultural event, have been held. In 2020 a number of panel discussions were held, with panelists including Lt Gen (Retd) Syed Ata Hasnain and Amitabh Mattoo. The Union Ministry of Culture and state government of Jammu and Kashmir mark the day with exhibitions and events. In 2020, Raiders in Kashmir, a book written by Mohammed Akbar Khan, a retired major general of Pakistan Army, was republished. Refugees also mark the day. See also References October observances Observances in India Kashmir conflict
Doin' Alright is the debut studio album by R&B singer O'Bryan. Reception "Doin' Alright," was released in April 1982 and peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart. The lead single, "The Gigolo," was a slice of funk with new wave and rock elements that emphasized O'Bryan's falsetto. Released in January, "The Gigolo" peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard R&B Singles charts. The follow-up single was an updated cover of The Four Tops' "Still Water (Love)," peaking at No. 23. Among the other standouts on O'Bryan’s debut include the mid-tempo title track; the elegant ballad "Love Has Found Its Way;" and the sentimental "Can't Live Without Your Love." Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Singles Personnel O'Bryan – lead vocals, background vocals, clavinet, acoustic piano Paulinho da Costa – percussion Melvin Davis – bass guitar, electric piano Wilton Felder – tenor saxophone Gary Grant – lead trumpet Bill Green – baritone saxophone Larry Hall – trumpet Terry Harrington – tenor saxophone Ron Kersey – electric piano, synthesizers, background vocals Johnny McGhee – guitar Bob Payne – trombone Jack Perry – synthesizers Greg Phillinganes – acoustic piano Barry Rudolph – percussion David Shields – drums Melvin Webb – drums Sam Dees – background vocals Jeffrey Osborne – background vocals The Waters – background vocals Bruce Miller – string and horn arrangements References External links O'Bryan-Doin' Alright at Discogs 1982 albums O'Bryan albums Capitol Records albums
CrossHarbor Capital Partners is an American investment firm, specializing in private equity, based in Boston. CrossHarbor Capital Partners develops and manages private equity investment products in three principal business areas: real assets, distressed securities and mezzanine capital. CrossHarbor has assets under management of $5.5 billion diversified over a half dozen distinct funds.[1] Its client base includes college endowments, state and large organization pension funds and high-net-worth individuals seeking lower fee, high potential opportunities to offset more traditional market investments.[2] History Prior to creating CrossHarbor, the firm's two founders, Sam Byrne and Bill Kremer, worked at FleetBoston Financial Group in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1991, Fleet acquired the Bank of New England which was under receivership by the FDIC. Byrne and Kremer managed the work-out of the Bank of New England's $500 million portfolio of non-performing real estate loans. In 1992, Byrne and Kremer founded Boston Capital Institutional Advisors and between 1992 and 2004 invested more than $5.5 billion in commercial real estate in more than 1,800 properties in 48 states. In 2004 the firm changed its name to CrossHarbor Capital Partners to reflect its broader regional investment portfolio and to avoid confusion with similarly named Boston financial services firms. In recent years CrossHarbor's management team has raised and managed a variety of real estate debt and equity programs in the form of discretionary funds and joint ventures and committed an additional $1.8 billion of equity capital across more than 140 transactions. In 2006, the firm raised CrossHarbor Institutional Partners, L.P., (CIP-I) a $540 million closed-end real estate fund. Investment focus CrossHarbor specializes in alternative investments and distressed assets that mainstream investors typically avoid. Analysts’ reports reveal the firm maintains a focus on transitional, distressed and complex situations in the middle market. CrossHarbor has leveraged opportunities via managers with workout and asset management capabilities, to earn risk-adjusted returns across the capital structure by providing debt or equity to real estate assets that are transitional or experiencing distress at the asset or ownership level. CrossHarbor has found inefficiently priced real estate assets, offering downside protection through a low cost basis or senior position in the capital structure and upside potential through asset management initiatives or high yielding coupon payments. In recent years CrossHarbor has reported 15% to 20% IRR and a minimum 1.5x multiple on $2 billion in raised capital with some $8 billion in allocated investments. Investment funds Between 1993 and 2011, CrossHarbor Capital's investment track record included nearly 150 transactions involving distressed real estate, leased assets, opportunistic debt and equity, mortgages, affordable housing and mezzanine financing. The CrossHarbor portfolio history includes: CrossHarbor Institutional Partners I (CIP-I) $540 million CrossHarbor Institutional Partners II (CIP-II) $750 million MassMutual/Boston Capital Mezzanine Fund I & II $500 million Special Program Investments $330 million Real Estate Income Fund I & II $160 million Separate Account Mortgages $40 million Affordable Housing Mortgage Fund $50 million Preferred Limited Partnership Investments $200 million Real Estate Acquisitions & Sales Following an aggressive multi-year period of acquisitions, the firm offered the largest single sale of a Massachusetts regional portfolio of commercial real estate ever in New England history, bundling 55 commercial properties, for $650 million in 2002. Other high-profile regional deals included the 2001 sale of 99 High Street in Boston for a $215 million – achieving a 27 percent return over the purchase price in 2000. Other deals included the 2004 sale of One Brattle Square in Cambridge, MA to Wells Real Estate Investment Trust for $68.6 million and the acquisition of the 42 acre former Digital Equipment Campus. CrossHarbor has acquired or made substantial investments in more than 150 commercial and residential developments across the United States and in 2011 expanded their focus to European markets supporting banks, insurers and investors at risk due to holdings in U.S. real estate markets. Deutsche Bank (RREEF) Massachusetts Portfolio Sale In 2005 CrossHarbor negotiated a commercial real estate portfolio sale of some 47 Massachusetts’ properties to a real estate investment arm of Deutsche Bank for between $510 million and $515 million. The deal included several downtown Boston and suburban office properties. The properties had been acquired by CrossHarbor in 1998. Yellowstone Club, Big Sky, MT Acquisition Between 2007 and 2009 CrossHarbor became the largest property owner and developer within the Big Sky, MT-based Yellowstone Club. In 2009 CrossHarbor made headlines as the successful stalking horse bidder for the bankrupt Yellowstone Club to protect the firm's extensive existing real estate investments in the Club. The Yellowstone Club, renowned for its list of billionaire membership list, emerged from bankruptcy protection in 2009 and has remained under CrossHarbor management with minority partner Discovery Land Company despite a series of lawsuits linked to the Club's former owners Edra and Tim Blixseth. After emerging from bankruptcy protection under CrossHarbor's ownership, the Yellowstone Club reported more than $100 million in new property and development sales. Black Bull Run, Bozeman, MT Investment In May 2011, CrossHarbor financed the acquisition of the Black Bull Run subdivision and golf resort west of Bozeman, MT following a 2010 Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing.. Black Bull is a private, members-only, golf course community on 484 acres of what used to be the Leachman Angus Ranch. The property includes an 18-hole golf course designed by former PGA tour member Tom Weiskopf and swim and tennis centers. Viridian, Arlington, TX Financing CrossHarbor provided significant financing capital with Huffines Communities in 2011 for the Viridian multi-use community development in Arlington, Texas. The development includes the Lakes of Arlington, the Lakes at Bird's Fort and a possible new home for the Dallas Cowboys. Development plans include $2 billion for residential, commercial, infrastructure, five lakes and 12 miles of recreational paths. With more than 5,000 residential units, 600,000 square feet of commercial and retail space planned, Viridian has been characterized as one of the largest proposed new development investment risks following the U.S. real estate market declines of 2009-2010. Spanish Peaks, Moonlight Basin and Big Sky Resorts Consolidation In July 2013 CrossHarbor, in partnership with Big Sky ski area owner Boyne Resorts, was the winning bidder for the 5,700-acre Spanish Peaks private residential community adjacent to the Yellowstone Club. A bankruptcy judge approved their offer of $26.1 million for the resort which had filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection in 2011. Following the Spanish Peaks acquisition, CrossHarbor and Boyne announced in August 2013 their intention to purchase the also neighboring and bankruptcy-troubled Moonlight Basin ski area for an undisclosed amount. The newly combined Big Sky Resort, Yellowstone Club and Moonlight Basin properties created the largest ski area in the United States with more than 5,700 acres of skiable terrain and nearly 28,000 acres of resort development in Montana's Big Sky region. See also Yellowstone Club References Further reading Thomas C. Palmer, Jr, "Boston Capital attempts record sale of 55 properties with an asking price of $650 million, Boston Globe, September 5, 2002. Robert Frank, “New Moguls for the Yellowstone Club, Wall Street Journal, January 4, 2008. Daniel Person, "Yellowstone Club Revival, Bozeman Daily Chronicle, January 2, 2011. Forbes, “Samuel T. Byrne profile, Forbes Magazine, 2011. External links Company website Yellowstone Club investment Private equity firms Companies based in Boston Financial services companies established in 1992 1992 establishments in Massachusetts American companies established in 1992
Pseudosauripterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric sarcopterygians or lobe-finned fish. See also Sarcopterygii List of sarcopterygians List of prehistoric bony fish References Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera
Henry Hunter(25 August 1741 – 27 October 1802) was a Scottish minister who translated the works of noted scholars including Leonard Euler and Johann Kaspar Lavater. Life Henry Hunter was born at Culross on the Firth of Forth, on 25 August 1741. He was the fifth child of David and Agnes Hunter. In 1754 he was sent to the University of Edinburgh at the age of 13. He became tutor to Claud Irvine Boswell, Lord Balmuto whom he befriended at university. Hunter then became the family tutor to Alexander, Earl of Dundonald at Culross Abbey. In 1764 he received licence to preach from the presbytery of Dunfermline and he became the "second charge" minister of the important South Leith Parish Church near Edinburgh in January 1766, with his predecessor Rev Thomas Scott rising to "first charge". In 1769 he preached in London and although invited to lead a Scottish congregation in Piccadilly he finally accepted an invitation from the Scots Church at London Wall in August 1771. Soon after this move, Edinburgh University awarded hom an honorary Doctor of Divinity. Hunter visited Johann Kaspar Lavater in Zurich in August 1787 and secure Lavater's agreement to the publication of an English version of his Essays on Physiognomy. Lavater was initially cool to the idea, but was persuaded by Hunter's skill in his language. The book was well received in England and Hunter was then tempted to try a translation from German of a work on electricity by Leonard Euler. Hunter was chaplain to the Scots Corporation in London, and in August 1790 he was elected correspondence secretary to the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. In 1797, the Rev. John Fell had been tasked with delivering twelve lectures of the evidence for Christianity. When Fell died after delivering only four of the lectures, the job was given to Hunter who completed the task and later published the lectures as a book. He died in Bristol on 27 October 1802 and was buried in the non-conformist cemetery at Bunhill Fields in London. The grave lies just to the side of the main path and is of distinctive form. Family In May 1766 he married Margaret Charters, the daughter of Rev Thomas Charters, the minister of Inverkeithing. They had only two sons and a daughter who survived them, as Hunter's final years saw the deaths of four of his children. Works Hunter's Sacred Biography, A Course of Lectures on the Principal Characters Mentioned in the Old Testament; and On the Principal Events in the Life of Christ. First Publication 1791 in multiple volumes. There have been numerous editions and edits to the current day. Sermons 1795, 2 vols. Sermons and other Miscellaneous Pieces, 1804 A Brief History of the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge 2 vols. 1795 A History of London and its Environs 1796 Sacred Biography 6 vols. 1783 to 1792 Translations include 'Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy,' 1789–98, illustrated with more than eight hundred engravings managed by Thomas Holloway. (The original cost price of each copy was 30 pounds.) Euler's "Letters to a German Princess on different subjects in Physics and Philosophy," 1795, with notes by Sir David Brewster. Bernardin de St. Pierre's Studies of Nature and Botanical Harmony, 1796-7. Sonnini de Manoncourt's Travels to Upper and Lower Egypt, 1799 Rev. James Saurin's Sermons, 1800-6, 7 vols. 8vo. J.H.Castéra's History of Catharine II, 1800. References Attribution 1802 deaths 1741 births Translators from French Translators from German Scottish translators Burials at Bunhill Fields 18th-century British translators
Zieria cytisoides, commonly known as the downy zieria, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a bushy shrub with three-part, clover-like leaves and small clusters of pale to deep pink flowers with four petals and four stamens. Description Zieria cytisoides is a bushy shrub which usually grows to a height of up to with its branches covered with velvety hairs. The leaves are composed of three leaflets with the central one elliptic to egg-shaped, long and wide and with a petiole long. The leaflets are flat, sometimes with their edges rolled under. They are dark green and covered with short, soft hairs on the upper surface and grey-green, covered with velvety hairs on the lower surface. Pale to deep pink, rarely white flowers are arranged in clusters of between 3 and 30 in leaf axils with a persistent bract at the base of the cluster. The clusters are about the same length as the leaves, but often longer or shorter. The sepals are triangular, about long and covered with soft hairs. The four petals are long, have a covering of soft hairs and do not overlap each other. There are four stamens. Flowers are present in winter and spring and are followed by velvety follicles containing black to reddish-brown seeds. Taxonomy and naming Downy zieria was first formally described in 1818 by James Edward Smith and the description was published in The Cyclopaedia. The specific epithet (cytisoides) alludes to a similarity between this species and one of the genus Cytisus, but the connection is not clear. (The suffix -oides means "likeness" in Latin.) Distribution and habitat Zieria cytisoides occurs in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. It is most common and widespread in New South Wales where it grows in forest woodland and heath, often in sandy soil on rocky slopes from coastal areas to the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range. Use in horticulture This zieria is most easily propagated from cuttings and is hardy in well-drained soil in full sun or part shade. In the Australian National Botanic Gardens it grows as a compact shrub with little pruning and is resistant to pests and diseases. References cytisoides Sapindales of Australia Flora of New South Wales Flora of Queensland Flora of Victoria (state) Plants described in 1818
The Tirana dialect (, in dialect Dialekti i Tironës) of the Albanian language is spoken by Albanians who were raised in Tirana and is part of Southern Gheg dialect of Elbasanisht. References Culture in Tirana Albanian language City colloquials Languages of Albania
Stordal means "large valley" in Norwegian. It may refer to: Places Stordal, a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway Stordal (village), a village in Stordal municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway Stordal Church, a church in Stordal municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway Old Stordal Church, a museum/church in Stordal municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway Stordal, Tromsø, a village in Tromsø municipality, Troms county, Norway People Rune Stordal (born 1979), a Norwegian speed skater See also Stordalen Stjørdal
```kotlin package expo.modules.updates.loader import android.content.Context import android.net.Uri import androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry import expo.modules.updates.UpdatesConfiguration import expo.modules.updates.db.UpdatesDatabase import expo.modules.updates.db.entity.AssetEntity import expo.modules.updates.db.entity.UpdateEntity import expo.modules.updates.manifest.ManifestMetadata import io.mockk.every import io.mockk.mockk import io.mockk.mockkObject import io.mockk.unmockkObject import okhttp3.* import okhttp3.MediaType.Companion.toMediaTypeOrNull import okhttp3.ResponseBody.Companion.toResponseBody import org.json.JSONException import org.json.JSONObject import org.junit.Assert import org.junit.Before import org.junit.Test import org.junit.runner.RunWith import java.io.File import java.util.* @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner::class) class FileDownloaderTest { private lateinit var context: Context @Before fun setup() { context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext } @Test fun testCacheControl() { val configMap = mapOf<String, Any>( "updateUrl" to Uri.parse("path_to_url"), "runtimeVersion" to "1.0" ) val config = UpdatesConfiguration(null, configMap) val actual = FileDownloader.createRequestForRemoteUpdate(null, config, context) Assert.assertNull(actual.header("Cache-Control")) } @Test @Throws(JSONException::class) fun testExtraHeaders_ObjectTypes() { val configMap = mapOf<String, Any>( "updateUrl" to Uri.parse("path_to_url"), "runtimeVersion" to "1.0" ) val config = UpdatesConfiguration(null, configMap) val extraHeaders = JSONObject().apply { put("expo-string", "test") put("expo-number", 47.5) put("expo-boolean", true) put("expo-null", JSONObject.NULL) } // manifest extraHeaders should have their values coerced to strings val actual = FileDownloader.createRequestForRemoteUpdate(extraHeaders, config, context) Assert.assertEquals("test", actual.header("expo-string")) Assert.assertEquals("47.5", actual.header("expo-number")) Assert.assertEquals("true", actual.header("expo-boolean")) Assert.assertEquals("null", actual.header(("expo-null"))) } @Test @Throws(JSONException::class) fun testExtraHeaders_OverrideOrder() { // custom headers configured at build-time should be able to override preset headers val headersMap = mapOf("expo-updates-environment" to "custom") val configMap = mapOf<String, Any>( "updateUrl" to Uri.parse("path_to_url"), "runtimeVersion" to "1.0", "requestHeaders" to headersMap ) val config = UpdatesConfiguration(null, configMap) // serverDefinedHeaders should not be able to override preset headers val extraHeaders = JSONObject() extraHeaders.put("expo-platform", "ios") val actual = FileDownloader.createRequestForRemoteUpdate(extraHeaders, config, context) Assert.assertEquals("android", actual.header("expo-platform")) Assert.assertEquals("custom", actual.header("expo-updates-environment")) } @Test @Throws(JSONException::class) fun testAssetExtraHeaders_OverrideOrder() { // custom headers configured at build-time should be able to override preset headers val headersMap = mapOf("expo-updates-environment" to "custom") val configMap = mapOf<String, Any>( "updateUrl" to Uri.parse("path_to_url"), "runtimeVersion" to "1.0", "requestHeaders" to headersMap ) val config = UpdatesConfiguration(null, configMap) val assetEntity = AssetEntity("test", "jpg").apply { url = Uri.parse("path_to_url") extraRequestHeaders = JSONObject().apply { put("expo-platform", "ios") } } // assetRequestHeaders should not be able to override preset headers val actual = FileDownloader.createRequestForAsset(assetEntity, config, context) Assert.assertEquals("android", actual.header("expo-platform")) Assert.assertEquals("custom", actual.header("expo-updates-environment")) } @Test @Throws(JSONException::class) fun testAssetExtraHeaders_ObjectTypes() { val configMap = mapOf<String, Any>( "updateUrl" to Uri.parse("path_to_url"), "runtimeVersion" to "1.0" ) val config = UpdatesConfiguration(null, configMap) val extraHeaders = JSONObject().apply { put("expo-string", "test") put("expo-number", 47.5) put("expo-boolean", true) put("expo-null", JSONObject.NULL) } val assetEntity = AssetEntity("test", "jpg").apply { url = Uri.parse("path_to_url") extraRequestHeaders = extraHeaders } // assetRequestHeaders should have their values coerced to strings val actual = FileDownloader.createRequestForAsset(assetEntity, config, context) Assert.assertEquals("test", actual.header("expo-string")) Assert.assertEquals("47.5", actual.header("expo-number")) Assert.assertEquals("true", actual.header("expo-boolean")) Assert.assertEquals("null", actual.header("expo-null")) } @Test fun testGetExtraHeaders() { mockkObject(ManifestMetadata) every { ManifestMetadata.getServerDefinedHeaders(any(), any()) } returns null every { ManifestMetadata.getExtraParams(any(), any()) } returns mapOf("hello" to "world", "what" to "123") val launchedUpdateUUIDString = "7c1d2bd0-f88b-454d-998c-7fa92a924dbf" val launchedUpdate = UpdateEntity(UUID.fromString(launchedUpdateUUIDString), Date(), "1.0", "test", JSONObject("{}")) val embeddedUpdateUUIDString = "9433b1ed-4006-46b8-8aa7-fdc7eeb203fd" val embeddedUpdate = UpdateEntity(UUID.fromString(embeddedUpdateUUIDString), Date(), "1.0", "test", JSONObject("{}")) val mockDatabase = mockk<UpdatesDatabase> { every { updateDao() } returns mockk { every { loadRecentUpdateIdsWithFailedLaunch() } returns listOf( UUID.fromString("39242af2-7424-46cb-a89b-464bb9779dbd"), UUID.fromString("905e8320-eb1d-4d18-b061-45bc3d3dd441") ) } } val extraHeaders = FileDownloader.getExtraHeadersForRemoteUpdateRequest(mockDatabase, mockk(), launchedUpdate, embeddedUpdate) Assert.assertEquals(launchedUpdateUUIDString, extraHeaders.get("Expo-Current-Update-ID")) Assert.assertEquals(embeddedUpdateUUIDString, extraHeaders.get("Expo-Embedded-Update-ID")) Assert.assertEquals("hello=\"world\", what=\"123\"", extraHeaders.get("Expo-Extra-Params")) Assert.assertEquals("\"39242af2-7424-46cb-a89b-464bb9779dbd\", \"905e8320-eb1d-4d18-b061-45bc3d3dd441\"", extraHeaders.get("Expo-Recent-Failed-Update-IDs")) // cleanup unmockkObject(ManifestMetadata) } @Test fun testGetExtraHeaders_NoLaunchedOrEmbeddedUpdate() { mockkObject(ManifestMetadata) every { ManifestMetadata.getServerDefinedHeaders(any(), any()) } returns null val mockDatabase = mockk<UpdatesDatabase> { every { updateDao() } returns mockk { every { loadRecentUpdateIdsWithFailedLaunch() } returns listOf( UUID.fromString("39242af2-7424-46cb-a89b-464bb9779dbd"), UUID.fromString("905e8320-eb1d-4d18-b061-45bc3d3dd441") ) } } val extraHeaders = FileDownloader.getExtraHeadersForRemoteUpdateRequest(mockDatabase, mockk(), null, null) Assert.assertFalse(extraHeaders.has("Expo-Current-Update-ID")) Assert.assertFalse(extraHeaders.has("Expo-Embedded-Update-ID")) Assert.assertFalse(extraHeaders.has("Expo-Extra-Params")) Assert.assertEquals("\"39242af2-7424-46cb-a89b-464bb9779dbd\", \"905e8320-eb1d-4d18-b061-45bc3d3dd441\"", extraHeaders.get("Expo-Recent-Failed-Update-IDs")) // cleanup unmockkObject(ManifestMetadata) } @Test fun test_downloadAsset_mismatchedAssetHash() { val configMap = mapOf<String, Any>( UpdatesConfiguration.UPDATES_CONFIGURATION_UPDATE_URL_KEY to Uri.parse("path_to_url"), UpdatesConfiguration.UPDATES_CONFIGURATION_RUNTIME_VERSION_KEY to "1.0" ) val config = UpdatesConfiguration(null, configMap) val assetEntity = AssetEntity(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), "jpg").apply { url = Uri.parse("path_to_url") extraRequestHeaders = JSONObject().apply { put("expo-platform", "ios") } expectedHash = "badhash" } val client = mockk<OkHttpClient> { every { newCall(any()) } returns mockk { every { enqueue(any()) } answers { firstArg<Callback>().onResponse( mockk(), mockk { every { isSuccessful } returns true every { body } returns "hello".toResponseBody("text/plain; charset=utf-8".toMediaTypeOrNull()) } ) } } } var error: Exception? = null var didSucceed = false FileDownloader(context, config, client).downloadAsset( assetEntity, File(context.cacheDir, "test"), context, object : FileDownloader.AssetDownloadCallback { override fun onFailure(e: Exception, assetEntity: AssetEntity) { error = e } override fun onSuccess(assetEntity: AssetEntity, isNew: Boolean) { didSucceed = true } } ) Assert.assertTrue(error!!.message!!.contains("File download was successful but base64url-encoded SHA-256 did not match expected")) Assert.assertFalse(didSucceed) } @Test fun test_downloadAsset_nullExpectedAssetHash() { val configMap = mapOf<String, Any>( UpdatesConfiguration.UPDATES_CONFIGURATION_UPDATE_URL_KEY to Uri.parse("path_to_url"), UpdatesConfiguration.UPDATES_CONFIGURATION_RUNTIME_VERSION_KEY to "1.0" ) val config = UpdatesConfiguration(null, configMap) val assetEntity = AssetEntity(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), "jpg").apply { url = Uri.parse("path_to_url") extraRequestHeaders = JSONObject().apply { put("expo-platform", "ios") } } val client = mockk<OkHttpClient> { every { newCall(any()) } returns mockk { every { enqueue(any()) } answers { firstArg<Callback>().onResponse( mockk(), mockk { every { isSuccessful } returns true every { body } returns "hello".toResponseBody("text/plain; charset=utf-8".toMediaTypeOrNull()) } ) } } } var error: Exception? = null var didSucceed = false FileDownloader(context, config, client).downloadAsset( assetEntity, File(context.cacheDir, "test"), context, object : FileDownloader.AssetDownloadCallback { override fun onFailure(e: Exception, assetEntity: AssetEntity) { error = e } override fun onSuccess(assetEntity: AssetEntity, isNew: Boolean) { didSucceed = true } } ) Assert.assertNull(error) Assert.assertTrue(didSucceed) } } ```
Gamochaeta antillana, the delicate everlasting, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Greater Antilles and to the southeastern United States (from Florida to Louisiana). It has also become naturalized in other places (South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Texas, California, the Carolinas, etc.). Gamochaeta antillana is an annual herb up to tall, producing a taproot. Leaves are up to long. The plant forms many small flower heads in elongated arrays and also in tightly packed clumps. Each head contains 3–5 purple disc flowers but no ray flowers. Gamochaeta antillana is similar to G. falcata, and many Gamochaeta antillana specimens from the eastern United States have long been misidentified as G. falcata. References antillana Flora of the Southeastern United States Flora of the Caribbean Plants described in 1915 Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Raoul Bleuse (9 September 1895, in Ribemont – 8 June 1984, in Alfortville), was a French politician. Early life He voluntarily enlisted in the army in October 1913, took part in World War I, and was demobilized in August 1919. In 1921 he enlisted in the police as well as the French Social-Democrat Party (SFIO). He was dismissed from the police in 1942 due to his activities in the French Resistance, then reinstated in 1945. Political career He was elected as mayor of Alfortville from 1947 to 1965 and as general councillor in the Seine department from 1953 to 1967. In September 1958, he joined the splinter left-wing Autonomous Socialist Party (PSA), was unsuccessfully a candidate for the 1958 legislative election, getting less than 10% of votes. In 1960, the PSA merged into the Unified Socialist Party (PSU). He was one of only two PSU candidates elected to the National Assembly after the 1962 legislative election, with François Tanguy-Prigent, even if he only got 16.6% for the first round, but the Communist candidate Roland Foucard (28.5%) stepped down between the two rounds, in order to let him win the race. He first joined the unaffiliated group of deputies, then came back to the SFIO parliamentary group in April 1963 and left it 2 years later. Sources 1895 births 1984 deaths People from Aisne French Section of the Workers' International politicians Autonomous Socialist Party (France) politicians Unified Socialist Party (France) politicians Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Members of Parliament for Seine Mayors of places in Île-de-France French military personnel of World War I
Kodjoe is a surname. Notable people with the name include: Boris Kodjoe (born 1973), Austrian-born actor of German and Ghanaian descent Emmanuel Kodjoe Dadzie (born 1916), Ghanaian diplomat Ofie Kodjoe, American Ghanaian singer, actress, radio presenter and motivational speaker See also Kodjo Kojo (disambiguation)
The 1958 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat Abraham Ribicoff defeated Republican nominee Fred R. Zeller with 62.29% of the vote. General election Candidates Major party candidates Abraham Ribicoff, Democratic Fred R. Zeller, Republican Other candidates Jasper McLevy, Socialist Results References 1958 Connecticut Gubernatorial November 1958 events November 1958 events in North America November 1958 events in the United States United States gubernatorial elections in the 1950s 1958 in Connecticut
W. Bowman Cutter is an American economist, academic, and businessman. Education Cutter holds degrees from Harvard University, the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, and Balliol College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar (elected in 1964). Career Bowman Cutter was an Office of Management and Budget Review Team Leader for the Obama-Biden Transition Committee Agency Review Groups. He served on the National Economic Council as Robert Rubin's Deputy, from 1993 to 1996 and at the Office of Management and Budget from 1976 to 1981. Cutter was managing director of Warburg Pincus from 1996 to 2009. He currently serves as chairman of CARE and chairman of MicroVest, and is a member of the board for the Committee for Economic Development, The Atlantic Council, and Resources for the Future. From 1981 to 1993, he was vice chairman and managing partner at Coopers & Lybrand. References Living people 21st-century American economists United States Office of Management and Budget officials The Stimson Center Princeton School of Public and International Affairs alumni Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Harvard University alumni Year of birth missing (living people)
Barukh Binah (Hebrew: ברוך בינה) (born 1950 in Tel Aviv) is the former Israeli Ambassador to Denmark. Previously he was the Deputy Head of Mission at the Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C., with the rank of ambassador. He has been a member of Israel's Foreign Service since 1979. Early and personal life Barukh Binah's family history is linked closely with modern Israeli history. His great-grandfather, author Simcha Ben-Zion (Gutmann) was among the founders of Tel Aviv in 1909. His grandfather, Barukh Binah MBE (a survivor of the infamous Kishinev pogrom of 1903), served as the District Officer of Haifa and Samaria in the British mandatory government of Palestine and founded the newspaper Hadashot Mehaaretz (News from the Land), which later became the leading Israeli daily Haaretz. Binah grew up in the Negev city of Beersheba (Be'er Sheva). In 1969 he joined the Israel Defense Forces, where he served until 1974 as an analyst and a research officer. Barukh Binah holds degrees with honors in History, Middle Eastern Studies, Political Science and Strategic Studies from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Haifa University and Israel's National Defense College (where he wrote his dissertation, “Israel and the American Jewish Community: a Brotherhood in Distress”). Binah served as The Secretary of the Israel Oriental Society and contributed to literary periodicals. He keeps his literary activity to date: in 2017 he published his book "It Only Seems to be Healing" (Hebrew poetry). He also published a translation of Rupert Brook's "The Soldier" Diplomatic career Barukh Binah joined the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1979. In 1985, he was appointed Israel's Spokesman and Press Officer in New York. From 1991 to 1992, Binah served as the Director of the Press Division and Spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1992, he was assigned to the Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C., as Counselor for Congressional Affairs, later becoming the Embassy's Minister-Counselor for Public Affairs. From 1999 to 2001, Binah served as Director of Congressional Affairs and Consulates in the United States. He also held a variety of research and policy planning positions, including Comptroller of Research Quality. From 2001 to 2005, he served as the Head of the International Affairs Bureau in the Center for Political Research of the Foreign Ministry. In 2005, Binah was appointed as Israel's Consul General to the Midwest, based in Chicago, a post he held until 2008. In this capacity, he published many Op-Ed pieces. On April 2, 2008, at the conclusion of his service, Binah was honored by the Illinois General Assembly for his service. In 2008, Binah was appointed the Deputy Director General for North America in charge of relations with the United States and Canada at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Jerusalem. He served in this capacity until January 2012. In November 2011, Binah was called to serve in Washington once again, as the Deputy Head of Mission at the Embassy of Israel, with the personal rank of ambassador. In this capacity, he has addressed many organizations including the General Assembly of the Jewish Federations of North America, The Israel Project and AIPAC. In March 2012, Binah became the first Israeli official to speak at the J Street Conference where he told attendees "We need you to stand with us … It is as simple as that and someone ought to say it. Internal activism is a central part of democratic society, but pressures on the elected government of Israel can present us with a problem, davka (especially) when we need you the most". In October 2012, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Binah would be named Israel's Ambassador to Denmark in the summer 2013. He presented his credentials in September 2013. In 2018 he retired from public service. References External links Barukh Binah, Deputy Chief of Mission Barukh Binah, Ambassador to Denmark Binah participates in panel discussion, Israel: A Strategic Review at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library on March 27, 2008 1950 births Living people Israeli Jews Israeli people of Moldovan-Jewish descent Ambassadors of Israel to Denmark
III is the third studio album by American indie folk band the Lumineers. The album was released on September 13, 2019. Composition In addition to being the Lumineers' third album, the album title also references the fact that the album is presented in three chapters, each focusing on a different main character of the fictional Sparks family. Lumineers co-founder Jeremiah Fraites told Rolling Stone, "This collection of songs worked out in a beautiful way, and I feel with this album we've really hit our stride." In an interview with NPR, Fraites and Schultz both discussed how their lives have been impacted by drug addiction, saying that this album was intended to chronicle the effects of addiction on family members and loved ones. "Schultz says he had a childhood friend in New Jersey who slowly came apart as a teenager because of drug addiction. Both band members experienced this because Schultz's friend, Josh Fraites, was the brother of his future bandmate, Jeremiah." As of September 19, 2019, the Lumineers have released 10 music videos from the first 10 tracks of the album, chronicling the main characters and their journey living alongside addiction. Commercial performance III debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with 86,000 album-equivalent units, including 73,000 pure album sales. It is the Lumineers' third top-two album in the US. Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from Tidal. The Lumineers Wesley Schultz − vocals, guitar, engineering Jeremiah Fraites − drums, piano, guitar, background vocals, synthesizer, vibraphone, cymbals, scraper, tambourine, engineering Additional musicians Byron Isaacs − bass, background vocals Lauren Jacobson − violin, background vocals Simone Felice − maracas, background vocals David Baron − synthesizer, keyboards, harmonium Anneke Schaul-Yoder − cello, yodeling Technical Simone Felice – producer Bob Ludwig – mastering David Baron – mixing, engineering Ryan Hewitt – mixing, engineering Alen Adzi Stefanov – engineering Darren Heelis – engineering Pete Hanlon – engineering Connor Milton – assistant engineer Will Duperier – assistant engineer Dylan Nowik – assistant Design Nicholas Sutton Bell – creative director Kevin Phillips – photography Max Knies – photography Tomas Cristobal Patlan – portrait photography Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 3 The Lumineers albums 3 Dualtone Records albums 3
A (), sometimes called a , is the chair of a Dutch water board. The dijkgraaf is the equivalent of a mayor in local government and a King's Commissioner in provincial government, chairing both the legislative and executive council, while having both ceremonial and representational roles as well as their own portfolios. The term goes back to pre-medieval days. Literally the term means "Dike count", like other titles ending in (equivalent to English: -grave and ) of feudal origin, but remained a functional official. The government bodies in the Netherlands today in order of rank are: National Provincial Municipal Water boards. In medieval times and earlier however, the water boards were the same as municipal, and since it was a country of duchies, the Water board () was in governmental terms the equivalent of a city (), and thus also the highest form of government. References Dijkgraaf definition (Dutch) Water Canon (English version) website of The Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management First female dijkgraaf Joan Leemhuis-Stout (Dutch) Government of the Netherlands Water boards (Netherlands)
A culverin was initially an ancestor of the hand-held arquebus, but later was used to describe a type of medieval and Renaissance cannon. The term is derived from the antiquated "culuering" and the French "couleuvrine" (from couleuvre "grass snake", following the Latin colubrinus "of the nature of a snake".) From its origin as a hand-held weapon it was adapted for use as artillery by the French in the 15th century, and for naval use by the English in the 16th century. The culverin as an artillery piece had a long smoothbore barrel with a relatively long range and flat trajectory, using solid round shot projectiles with high muzzle velocity. Hand culverins The hand culverin consisted of a simple smoothbore metal tube, closed at one end except for a small touch hole designed to allow ignition of the gunpowder. The tube was attached to a wood or metal extension which could be held under the arm. It was loaded with gunpowder and lead bullets and fired by inserting a burning slow match into the touch hole. James IV of Scotland was an enthusiastic user of hand culverins in 1508. He held shooting matches in the great halls of Holyrood Palace and Stirling Castle, took a culverin to stalk deer in the park of Falkland Palace, and shot at sea birds from a row boat off the Isle of May with his culverin. In addition to the arquebus, the culverin also evolved into the heavier breech-loading swivel gun weighing around , which required a swivel for support and aiming. This weapon was designed to use removable mug-shaped chambers which were prefilled with gunpowder and projectiles to speed up reloading. Breech-loading swivel guns were often used on ships against enemy crew or boarders. Field culverins Three types of culverin artillery pieces were used, distinguished by their size: the "culverin extraordinary", the "ordinary", and the "least-sized". There were also smaller versions, including the "bastard culverin" (), shot and the "demi-culverin" or "culverin-moyen" (), shot. Overall, the culverin was a significant advance over earlier cannons. Since it fired iron round shot instead of stone projectiles and had a longer barrel to enable the gunpowder to fully burn and impart more force to the projectile, the culverin could fire the denser projectile to a relatively greater range and with a flatter trajectory. A replica culverin extraordinary has achieved a muzzle velocity of , and a range over using only minimal elevation. This velocity and mass imply that the cannonball had a kinetic energy of roughly when leaving the muzzle. In Britain, Brigadier General Michael Richards was appointed Master-General of the Ordnance in 1714 and he commissioned a Danish expert, Albert Borgard, to design a new artillery system. Borgard did away with the traditional nomenclature of culverins, sakers and minions, and devised a new system based on the weight of shot that each gun used, from 4 to 64 pounds. Although Borgard's gun designs were quickly superseded, the practice of naming ordnance by weight of shot persisted in Britain into the 20th century. See also Arquebus Demi-culverin Doglock Flintlock Hand cannon Matchlock Miquelet Musket Pistol Snaphance Snaplock Wheellock References External links "Culverin (cannon)" at the Encyclopædia Britannica Specifications and pictures of a French culverin found in the Azores Cannon European weapons Medieval artillery Muskets Renaissance-era weapons
Delias mysis, the Union Jack or red-banded Jezebel, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is endemic to northern Australia, New Guinea and neighbouring islands. The common name is a reference to the flag of the British Empire. The butterfly was given this name, because the patterns and colours on the underside of the wings of the males resembles the flag. The species has a wide variety in colours and patterns, hence a great deal of subspecies have been named. The wingspan is 60–70 mm. The larvae feed on mistletoe species, especially Dendrophthoe glabrescens. External links Union Jack info Delias at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms mysis Lepidoptera of New Guinea Butterflies described in 1775 Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius Butterflies of Oceania
Sally Thurer was born in Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. She's an independent art director, illlustrator and animator based in Brooklyn. Sally Thurer received her MFA in graphic design at The Yale School of Art. She started her career at Mass Appeal Magazine and acted as art director until 2007 when she became creative director of their new title, Missbehave from 2007 to 2009. She is also an image maker producing illustrations, wrapping paper, websites and digital prints for fabric. Some of her work can also be seen in The New York Times, Lucky Peach, The Village Voice, Bloomberg View and on MTV She is also the former Head of Experiential Methodology and Critical Theory at MTV. Thurer has made illustrations for such media as The Fader. She also likes making pedagogical account on Instagram. She worked with the likes of Burton, Tommy Boy Records, Volume/C-Lab. Selected projects Shadow Rose, Digital fabric patterns & seasonal brand identity (2014) Acid Surf (2014) Roboshop (2013) iPad Fashion Story for Bullett Magazine (2013) #!#!#!#!#!#!#!# (2013) NYC Food Film Festival, POSTER AND VIDEO (2012) References American women illustrators American illustrators Artists from Boston Yale School of Art alumni American women artists
Jerry Marlon Beach (December 11, 1941 – January 10, 2016) was an American blues musician. His father was stationed with the U.S. Army Air Corps in Oklahoma City. He spent his first two years of high school in London where he learned how to play guitar before he and his family settled in Bossier City, Louisiana. Beach graduated from Bossier High School in 1960, and briefly attended Northwestern State University, but by then he was sitting in with local bands playing guitar and singing. By the mid-1960s, he and Danny Harrelson were headlining local clubs as "Danny and Jerry". He was a favorite on regional music scenes for 56 years in several bands such as: "Jerry Beach Band" or "Robin and the Bluebirds". He was inducted to the Louisiana Hall of Fame in 1998, but his international fame resulted from his songwriting. In 1972, the late Albert King recorded Beach's "I'll Play the Blues for You", which became a No. 1 US Billboard R&B chart hit and has been covered by many artists. He also was nominated for a Grammy Award for the song. He was preceded in death in January 2016, by his parents, two brothers, and mother in law. He is survived by his daughter Robin, his former wife Sandy Beach, and two brothers. References 1941 births 2016 deaths American male songwriters
Zumrud Khanmagomedova (Tabasaran: Ханмягьмадова Зумруд, 1915–2001) was the first Tabasaran woman who received higher education, as well as the first Tabasaran woman poet and the great-granddaughter of the scientist-historian of Dagestan Hasan Alkadari. Biography Zumrud Khanmagomedova was born in 1915 in the village of Kondik in the Khivsky District of the Republic of Dagestan. Her father Gadzhi-Kurban (1877–1938) was a Russian officer, arrested in 1937 and shot in 1938, but posthumously rehabilitated. Her elder brother Asadulla Khanmagomedov (1911–1974) was also a writer, mathematician, and co-author of the Tabasaran alphabet based on the Cyrillic script (1938). Her younger brother was Beydullah Khanmagomedov (1927–1997), a doctor of philology and well-known specialist in the Tabasaran language. After the dissolution of the carpet technical school, at the age of 19, she entered the Derbent school of teachers, after which she worked at the school of Khiv as a primary school teacher, in which she was entrusted with teaching mathematics and physics. During World War II, Zumrud entered the Pedagogical Institute in the city of Makhachkala at the Faculty of physics and mathematics, to which she successfully graduated in 1948. After graduation, she returned to school as a teacher of mathematics, physics, and astronomy. In 1953 she returned to work at the pedagogical college in the city of Derbent, where she worked until her retirement. She died in 2001 at the age of 86. References Sources Knizhna︠i︡a letopisʹ (Book chronicle): Osnovnoĭ vypusk. Kniga. 1992. p. 94. Bulgayeva, Sulgiyat (2021). Magazine "Women of Dagestan": Physicist-lyricist Zumrud Khanmagomedova, No. 4. External links Physicist-lyricist Zumrud Khanmagomedova – женщинадагестана.рф (women of Dagestan) Creativity of Zumrud Khanmagomedova – About the deep roots of poetry and the saturated life of a talented poetess, flnka.ru 1915 births 2001 deaths Poets from Dagestan Tabasaran writers Tabasaran poets 20th-century poets 20th-century women 20th-century educators
Rustam Shah Mohmand (born 15 August 1942 in Charsadda) is a senior Pakistani diplomat, political scientist and politician. Education Rustam Shah Mohmand studied civil engineering in Peshawar's College of Engineering and Technology (now University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar) and King's College London. He graduated with a degree in the humanities from the University of Peshawar and then joined the civil service of Pakistan. Diplomat He specializes in FATA and refugee affairs. He has served as Chief Secretary NWFP, Interior Secretary of Pakistan, Pakistan's Ambassador to Afghanistan and Commissioner for Afghan Refugees. Mohmand also served as Political Agent in the Khyber and South Waziristan Agencies. As part of his work in South Waziristan, Mohmand helped rebuild the main bazaar in Wana, the winter capital, which was later named "Rustam bazar" by the local maliks (or tribal chiefs) to honour him. From 1987 to 1989, he worked as Chief Commissioner for Afghan Refugees. He is currently a leader of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and a member of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Advisory committee (headed by Imran Khan), which advises the provincial government on development and planning. See also Imran Khan References External links PTI OFFICIAL WEBSITE Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf politicians Pashtun people Ambassadors of Pakistan to Afghanistan Politicians from Peshawar University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar alumni 1942 births Living people Chief Secretaries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The Portuguese national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Portugal in international cricket. History Beginnings Cricket in Portugal dates back to the Peninsular War of 1809–1814, when English troops were encamped in Lisbon. A game between sides from Porto and Lisbon has been played almost every year since 1861. English club teams paid frequent visits; the Cryptics Cricket Club toured eight times between 1924 and 1939. The game was confined, however, to the expatriate community, particularly the port wine manufacturers of Porto, until events in 1974 gave Portuguese cricket an unexpected boost. Playing numbers increase The Carnation Revolution led to many Portuguese citizens returning from their former overseas province of Goa, and the subsequent independence of Mozambique brought many Portuguese citizens back, bringing cricket with them. Other Portuguese citizens living in Portugal's former African overseas provinces moved to Rhodesia and South Africa, where their children were absorbed into the sporting cultures of those countries, and the subsequent socio-political changes there led to them bringing their love of cricket back to Portugal. International competition The Cricket Association of Portugal was founded in 1994 and they became an ICC member two years later. Their first international engagement was in the European Nations Cup in Switzerland in 1997, where they reached the semi-finals. They competed in that tournament's successor, the ECC Trophy in 1999, finishing as runners up and qualifying for Division Two of the European Championship in 2000. They finished fourth in that tournament. They again played in the ECC Trophy in 2001, this time winning the tournament, again qualifying for Division Two of the European Championship in 2002. They finished third and then played in the ECC Trophy in 2003. This time their performances from the previous two tournaments did not continue and they finished in 5th place, a performance they repeated in the European Affiliates Championship in 2005. They will compete in Division Three of the European Championships in 2007. 1st tournament ( The European Nations Cup 1997 ) In 1997 Portugal played their first tournament. It was the European Nations Cup 1997. They also played their first match in that tournament. Their first match was against Greece at Lyceum Alpinum, Zuoz, Switzerland 19 August 1997. In that match Portugal made a 381/3 batting first and their players TG Rankine and Intesab Mehdi has scored two fine innings of 173 and 81*. After Portugal's innings Greece came down to bat. But for the bashing bowling of Portugal's bowlers Greece was all out at 115 in 29 overs. Santilal made the best bowling figure (3/27 in 6 overs) in Portugal's innings. Portugal won that match by 266 runs. In their second match on 20 August 1997 against Malta at the same stadium Portugal batted first. They scored 297/9. Opener Nadeem Butt scored a wonderful 96 run innings. Again the bowlers of Portugal bowled well. Daia had made a figure of 10–2–35–3. Malta was all out in 187 in 41 overs. Portugal won that match by 110 runs. In their last match on 21 August 1997 against Austria at the same stadium Portugal batted First like the two other matches. But this match Portugal could make a 240/7. Nazir Usman made the highest run of 45, while lower order batsman Daia and G Ramchande made a 39 and 27. They made 72 runs partnership in the 7th wicket. Austria did well. But they couldn't reached to the destination of 241 in 50 overs. But they made a 214 in 46.1 overs. 1st down Batsman A Simpson-Parker made the highest score of Austria's innings. He scored 55. G Ramchande made 3/41 in 9.1 overs. Portugal won that match by 26 runs. Portugal was top of the group B with 6 points in 3 matches. In the semi-final Portugal, Champion of group B, met France the runners up of Group A. But unfortunately Portugal lost that match against France. Portugal batted first for a fourth consecutive time. But in the semi-final Portugal's batting line-up was outmatched against the France's bowling. Portugal managed a 156 all out in 40.4 overs. Nadeem Butt scored 33 runs which was the highest runs of Portugal's innings. France made 157 very easily in 45.3 overs with 7 wickets in hand. Number 3 batsman N Jones made a 60. Because of the unexpected defeat against France, Portugal was knocked out from the semi-final of The European Nations Cup 1997. 2018-Present In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Portugal and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I. Portugal played their first T20I on 25 October 2019, against Spain, during the 2019 Iberia Cup. Tournament history European Championship 1996: Did not participate 1998: Did not qualify 2000: 4th place (Division Two) 2002: 3rd place (Division Two) 2004: Did not qualify 2006: Did not qualify European Affiliates Championship 1999: Runner-up 2001: Champion 2003: 5th place 2005: 5th place 2007: 5th place 2009: 6th place Domestic cricket The only league in Portuguese cricket for the last decade has been the Lisbon league, which has been played by a varying number of local clubs (between three and seven) depending on the economic activity in the area. Most recently the National League has been contested by Lisbon-based teams and two new clubs – one from the Algarve and one from Almoster. There are four registered clubs – Asian CC, Oeiras CC, Comunidade Hindu Portuguesa CC (CHP), and Friends CC in the Lisbon area, with a club in Oporto (Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club), a club in the Algarve (Barrington's CC) and one from Almoster (Presban CC). Over the years the Asian CC has dominated the league. Records and Statistics International Match Summary — Portugal Last updated 7 May 2023 Twenty20 International Highest team total: 218/6 v Gibraltar on 22 August 2021 at Gucherre Cricket Ground, Albergaria. Highest individual score: 100, Azhar Andani v Gibraltar on 21 August 2021 at Gucherre Cricket Ground, Albergaria. Best individual bowling figures: 5/17, Sirajullah Khadim v Malta on 4 May 2023 at Europa Sports Park, Gibraltar. T20I record versus other nations Records complete to T20I #2062. Last updated 7 May 2023. See also List of Portugal Twenty20 International cricketers Portuguese Cricket Federation References External links Official Site Matches played by Portugal at CricketArchive Cricket in Portugal National cricket teams Cricket Portugal in international cricket
Soissons () is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the river Aisne, about northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, whose establishment dates from about 300, and it was the location of a number of church synods called "Council of Soissons". History Soissons enters written history under its Celtic name, later borrowed into Latin, Noviodunum, meaning "new hillfort", which was the capital of the Suessiones. At Roman contact, it was a town of the Suessiones, mentioned by Julius Caesar (B. G. ii. 12). Caesar (B.C. 57), after leaving the Axona (modern Aisne), entered the territory of the Suessiones, and making one day's long march, reached Noviodunum, which was surrounded by a high wall and a broad ditch. The place surrendered to Caesar. From 457 to 486, under Aegidius and his son Syagrius, Noviodunum was the capital of the Kingdom of Soissons, until it fell to the Frankish king Clovis I in 486 after the Battle of Soissons. Part of the Frankish territory of Neustria, the Soissons region, and the Abbey of Saint-Médard, founded in the sixth century, played an important political part during the rule of the Merovingian dynasty (447–751). After the death of Clovis I in 511, Soissons was made the capital of one of the four kingdoms into which his states were divided. Eventually, the kingdom of Soissons disappeared in 613 when the Frankish lands were amalgamated under Chlothar II. The 744 Council of Soissons met at the instigation of Pepin the Short and Saint Boniface, the Pope's missionary to pagan Germany, secured the condemnation of the Frankish bishop Adalbert and the missionary Clement of Ireland. During the Hundred Years' War, French forces committed a notorious massacre of English archers stationed at the town's garrison, in which many of the French townsfolk were themselves raped and killed. The massacre of French citizens by French soldiers shocked Europe; Henry V of England, noting that the town of Soissons was dedicated to the saints Crispin and Crispinian, claimed to avenge the honour of the saints when he met the French forces at the Battle of Agincourt on Saint Crispin's Day 1415. The town was liberated by French troops under the command of Joan of Arc on July 23, 1429. Between June 1728 and July 1729 it hosted the Congress of Soissons an attempt to resolve a long-standing series of disputes between the Kingdom of Great Britain and Spain which had spilled over into the Anglo-Spanish War of 1727–1729. The Congress was largely successful and led to the signing of the Treaty of Seville between them. During World War I, the city came under heavy bombardment. There was mutiny after the disastrous Chemin des Dames offensive at the Second Battle of the Aisne. A statue erected with images of French soldiers killed in action in 1917 is behind the St Peter's Church, next to the Soissons Courthouse. Sights Today, Soissons is a commercial and manufacturing centre with the 12th century Soissons Cathedral, the ruins of St. Jean des Vignes Abbey and the cypt of the former abbey of Saint-Médard as three of its most important historical sites. The nearby Espace Pierres Folles contains a museum, geological trail, and botanical garden. Landmarks Cathédrale Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais de Soissons is constructed in the style of Gothic architecture. The building of the south transept was begun about 1177, and the lowest courses of the choir in 1182. The choir with its original three-storey elevation and extremely tall clerestory was completed in 1211. This was earlier than Chartres, on which the design was supposed to have been based. Work then continued into the nave until the late 13th century. Abbey of Notre Dame – The former abbey of Notre Dame, former royal abbey, founded in the Merovingian era, known for its rich treasure of relics, including the "shoe of the Virgin." The abbey had prestigious abbesses, among them Gisèle, sister of Charlemagne, and Catherine de Bourbon, aunt of Henry IV. Saint-Médard Abbey – The Saint-Médard Abbey was a Benedictine monastery of Soissons whose foundation went back to the sixth century. Today, only the crypt remains. Hôtel de ville – Since 1833 the city hall has been housed in a chateau built by architect Jean-François Advyné between 1772 and 1775 at the request of the Intendant Pelletier Mortefontaine on the site of a previous one belonging to the counts of Soissons. Arsenal – Exhibition space in the arsenal of the former Abbey of St. Jean des Vignes Passerelle des Anglais – The "Passerelle des Anglais" (literally: "Footbridge of the English") is a concrete footbridge over the Aisne in the center of the city. The original bridge was destroyed in 1914. It was rebuilt by British soldiers, after which it was known as the "Pont des Anglais" ("Bridge of the English"). Destroyed again during World War II, it was rebuilt in 1950 as a pedestrian bridge. The covered market – Built in 1908 by architect Albert-Désiré Guilbert (1866–1949) Personalities The actress Aurore Clément was born in Soissons in 1945. The artist Emmanuel Fillion was born in Soissons in 1966. The rabbinic writer Shemaiah of Sossoines (11th century), one of the prime disciples of Rashi. The saints Crispin and Crispinian were martyred c. 286 at Soissons for preaching Christianity to the local Gauls. The 6th century Burgundian king Guntram was born in Soissons around 532. Jeanne Macherez (1852–1930), heroine during World War I; Mayor of Soissons Population See also Battle of Soissons Communes of Aisne Franks List of Frankish kings Merovingians Suessiones Vase of Soissons Wolf of Soissons Sessions (surname) References External links Official website Catholic Encyclopedia: Soissons A live view of the port of Soissons Discovering Soissons Soissons Powerlifting club (English) Local Bus Routes Communes of Aisne Capitals of former nations Subprefectures in France Suessiones Gallia Belgica Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Pollock is a village in north central Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 46 at the 2020 census. History Pollock was established in July 1873 by H.F. Warner and William Lane and originally consisted of thirty-two blocks. Another fourteen blocks, located south of the original, was added to the town plat in 1876 via Godfrey's Addition. By 1877 Pollock included two general stores, a drug store, blacksmith shop, one hotel, a schoolhouse and a small depot for the Burlington & Southwestern Railroad with a town population of one hundred, and a United States Post Office was established in Pollock in 1879. A major fire swept through a portion of the Pollock business district in January, 1936. Three buildings—Rosenberry's Garage, Morlan General Store, and Anspach Cafe' -- were total losses, while buildings containing O.L. Casto's store and Miller's Store received major damage. The Pollock community had a high school between 1923 and 1939. Class sizes were predictable small considering the towns population, with an average of ten students per class year. The smallest class was 1938 with only three graduates, while the largest was the Class of 1937 with thirteen diploma recipients. Due to economic conditions the junior and senior years were discontinued between 1932 and 1937, and students in those grades had to finish their education elsewhere, primarily Milan, which was readily accessible via rail. The Pollock high school closed for good following the 1939 graduation and all secondary students incorporated into the Milan school district. The elementary school continued a few years longer into the mid 1950s. Currently all children in the Pollock area attend classes in the Milan C-2 school district. In the mid-1970s, not long after Pollock celebrated its centennial, eight new apartments—housed in two buildings—were constructed for use by the elderly. A new all-metal community building was constructed in the late 1980s, with an addition to the building to house the U.S. Post Office built in the late 1990s. Significant community support resulted in the building of a Pollock City Park around 1990. Residents William Casteel, Melvin Casto and Dick Stewart spearheaded a fundraising campaign and recruited volunteers from far and wide to acquire park equipment and prepare the grounds. Pollock suffered a significant blow on July 26, 2011, when the United States Postal Service announced plans to permanently close the Pollock post office as part of a nationwide restructuring plan. An earlier attempt in the late 1980s to close the Pollock post office was appealed and overturned with the help of U.S. Senator Kit Bond and other Missouri politicians. Geography Pollock is located about two miles south of the Sullivan-Putnam county line. The community is on Missouri Route M approximately one mile east of Missouri Route 5. A section of the Burlington and Quincy Railroad passes the west side of the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 89 people, 39 households, and 25 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 49 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 94.4% White, 1.1% African American, 3.4% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.7% of the population. There were 39 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 10.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.9% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the village was 43.5 years. 24.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.7% were from 25 to 44; 31.5% were from 45 to 64; and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.4% male and 50.6% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 131 people, 54 households, and 36 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 62 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 99.24% White, 0.76% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.53% of the population. There were 54 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.83. In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males. The median income for a household in the village was $18,571, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $10,367. There were 29.7% of families and 35.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 33.3% of under eighteens and 26.3% of those over 64. References Villages in Sullivan County, Missouri Villages in Missouri
Chakkala Nair, also known as Vattakkat Nair, and Vaniya Nair is one of the intermediate subcastes of the Nair community. They are distributed throughout Kerala. In Travancore, they are known as Chakkala, while in Cochin and Malabar they are Vattakattu and In the extreme north of Malabar they are called Vaniya Vattakattu Nairs are now indistinguishable from other Nair subcastes through alliances with other Nair communities and is treated as part of the mainstream Nair community by the government of Kerala It was the duty of Peru Vaniyan Nambiars; a section among Vaniya nairs in Kurumbranad to present the Kurumbranad Raja with oil on the occasion of his formal installation According to eminent scholars Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan was born in a Chakkala Nair family of Thrikkandiyoor Amsam in Vettathunadu Chakkala Kaali Nair also known as Kunchirakottu kaaliyan a close associate of Iravikkutti Pillai and a warrior who was made famous by ballads of Venad belonged to Chakkala Nair caste. See also Pallicchan Nair Swaroopathil Nair Nambiar (Nair subcaste) Padamangalam Nair References Nair
Under the Crooked Moon is the debut album by the Hot Puppies, which features the singles Terry, Green Eyeliner, Drowsing Nymph, The Girl Who Was Too Beautiful and How Come You Don't Hold Me No More. All songs were written by Luke Taylor (The Hot Puppies' guitarist), except Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall. Track listing "Terry" "Bottled Ship Song" "Green Eye Liner" "Bonnie and Me" "Drowsing Nymph" "Heartbreak Soup" "Theda Bara" "Girl Who Was Too Beautiful" "Love or Trial" "Love in Practise Not Theory" "Baptist Boy" "How Come You Don't Hold Me No More" "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall" (Ella Fitzgerald cover) References 2006 debut albums Fierce Panda Records albums
Roger Lamport Treat (1906October 6, 1969) was an American sportswriter and novelist. As a newspaper columnist, he was a vocal critic of segregation policies in baseball and American football. Treat also edited a major reference work on football, first published in 1952. Journalism Treat began his newspaper career as sports editor of the Washington Daily News in 1943 and moved to the Chicago American in 1947. His first published article was a piece for Esquire about boxer Wesley Ramey. He also worked at the Washington Post, Baltimore News-American, The News-Times, and Republican-American. Treat was an advocate for racial integration in American sports. He helped Jackie Robinson get a tryout with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, and reportedly was involved in the decision to admit Robinson into the National League. In 1946, he helped to start an integrated baseball academy for young men. In 1947, he was let go from his position at the Washington Daily News following a number of columns in which he criticized the Umpires' Association for refusing to referee games featuring racially integrated teams. He also spoke against segregation in amateur baseball and boxing in Washington, DC. Another of Treat's 1947 columns concerned integration efforts at the Chicago Cubs. In 1948, noting that the Chicago White Sox only had one quality infielder, he suggested that the team place Art Wilson, a shortstop for the Birmingham Black Barons, on their roster. In 1944, in the midst of World War II and its associated shortages, Treat wrote a widely circulated satirical editorial in which he criticized various organizations, including Brown University and Columbia University, for wasting paper by sending out throwaway press releases to newspaper offices. In 1949, boxer Steve Mamakos sued Treat for libel after Treat published an article titled "Eddie Eagan No. 1 Butcher in Mental Murder of Steve Mamakos". Football encyclopedia In the early 1950s, Treat launched an effort to document the history of American football. That work culminated in the 1952 publication of The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League. The book represented the first attempt to document the score of every game in the league's history and every player who had appeared in a game. A 1952 review of the first edition in the Chicago Tribune called it a "touchdown". Frank Litsky, reviewing the sixth edition in the New York Times in 1969, described it as "monumental" and a "labor of love". A 1969 review of the seventh edition called it "an essential volume for the serious football buff, or already-knowledgable fan, or for the writer". Treat oversaw the publication of six revised editions before his death in 1969. Thereafter, his daughter-in-law Suzanne Treat became the book's editor, publishing nine more editions between 1970 and 1979. Other works In collaboration with Page Cooper, Treat wrote Man o' War, a biography of the racehorse Man o' War, which was published in 1950. The Washington Post called it "first-rate". Among Treat's other books were a pulp novel called Joy Ride and a biography of his close friend Bernard J. Sheil entitled Bishop Sheil and the CYO, about Sheil's involvement with the Catholic Youth Organization in Chicago. A 1951 review of Bishop Sheil observed that "Treat, obviously, is a sincere admirer of the bishop". Treat wrote three books for children: Walter Johnson, King of the Pitchers (1948), Duke of the Bruins (1950), and Boy Jockey (1953). Treat's final book, published after his death, was a novel called The Endless Road. It tells the story of a Chicago newspaperman struggling with alcoholism. The Guardian called it "a heartfelt boost for Alcoholics Anonymous". The book was banned under Ireland's Censorship of Publications Act 1946 for being "indecent or obscene". Personal life Treat married his first wife, Eleanor, in June 1935. She filed for divorce in May 1949, alleging desertion. Treat and his second wife Gerda Dahl Treat, an actor and salesperson, had two sons, John Treat and Peter Treat. Treat died of lung cancer in Danbury, Connecticut. References 1906 births 1969 deaths 20th-century American non-fiction writers American sportswriters Deaths from lung cancer
Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of ageing, and some are produced using a combination of ageing and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from south-western France. In a broader sense, the term brandy also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy), or mash or wine of any other fruit (fruit brandy). These products are also called eau de vie (literally "water of life" in French). History The origins of brandy are tied to the development of distillation. While the process was known in classical times, it was not used for significant beverage production until the 15th century. In the early 16th-century French brandy helped kickstart the cross-Atlantic triangle trade when it took over the central role of the Portuguese fortified wine due to its higher alcohol content and ease of shipping. Canoemen and guards on the African side of the trade were generally paid in brandy. By the late 17th century, rum had replaced brandy as the exchange alcohol of choice in the triangle trade. Initially, wine was distilled as a preservation method and to make it easier for merchants to transport. It is also thought that wine was originally distilled to lessen the tax, which was assessed by volume. The intent was to add the water removed by distillation back to the brandy shortly before consumption. It was discovered that after being stored in wooden casks, the resulting product improved over the original distilled spirit. In addition to removing water, the distillation process led to the formation and decomposition of numerous aromatic compounds, fundamentally altering the distillate composition from its source. Non-volatile substances such as pigments, sugars, and salts remained behind in the still. As a result, the distillate taste was often quite unlike the sources. As described in the 1728 edition of Cyclopaedia, the following method was used to distill brandy: A cucurbit was filled half full of the liquor from which brandy was to be drawn and then raised with a little fire until about one-sixth part was distilled, or until that which falls into the receiver was entirely flammable. This liquor, distilled only once, was called the spirit of wine or brandy. Purified by another distillation (or several more), this was called spirit of wine rectified. The second distillation was made in [a] balneo mariae and in a glass cucurbit, and the liquor was distilled to about one-half the quantity. This was further rectified as long as the operator thought it necessary to produce brandy. To shorten these several distillations, which were long and troublesome, a chemical instrument was invented that reduced them to a single distillation. A portion was ignited to test the purity of the rectified spirit of wine. The liquor was good if a fire consumed the entire contents without leaving any impurities behind. Another, better test involved putting a little gunpowder in the bottom of the spirit. The liquor was good if the gunpowder could ignite after the spirit was consumed by fire. (Hence the modern "proof" to describe alcohol content.) As most brandies have been distilled from grapes, the regions of the world producing excellent brandies have roughly paralleled those areas producing grapes for viniculture. At the end of the 19th century, the western European markets, including by extension their overseas empires, were dominated by French and Spanish brandies and eastern Europe was dominated by brandies from the Black Sea region, including Bulgaria, the Crimea, and Georgia. In 1884, David Sarajishvili founded a brandy factory in Tbilisi, Georgia, a crossroads for Turkish, Central Asian, and Persian trade routes and a part of the Russian Empire at the time. Technology Except for a few major producers, brandy production and consumption tend to have a regional character, and thus production methods significantly vary. Wine brandy is produced from a variety of grape cultivars. A special selection of cultivars, providing distinct aroma and character, is used for high-quality brandies, while cheaper ones are made from whichever wine is available. Brandy is made from so-called base wine, which significantly differs from regular table wines. It is made from early grapes to achieve higher acid concentration and lower sugar levels. Base wine generally contains smaller amounts (up to 20 mg/L) of sulphur than regular wines, as it creates undesired copper(II) sulfate in reaction with copper in the pot stills. The yeast sediment produced during the fermentation may or may not be kept in the wine, depending on the brandy style. Brandy is distilled from the base wine in two phases. First, a large part of water and solids is removed from the base, obtaining so-called "low wine", a concentrated wine with 28–30% ABV. In the second stage, low wine is distilled into brandy. The liquid exits the pot still in three phases, referred to as the "heads", "heart", and "tails", respectively. The first part, the "head", has an alcohol concentration of about 83% (166 US proof) and an unpleasant odour. The weak portion on the end, the "tail", is discarded along with the head, and they are generally mixed with another batch of low wine, thereby entering the distillation cycle again. The middle heart fraction, the richest in aromas and flavours, is preserved for later maturation. Distillation does not simply enhance the alcohol content of wine. The heat under which the product is distilled and the material of the still (usually copper) cause chemical reactions during distillation. This leads to the formation of numerous new volatile aroma components, changes in relative amounts of aroma components in the wine, and the hydrolysis of components such as esters. Brandy is usually produced in pot stills (batch distillation), but the column still can also be used for continuous distillation. The distillate obtained in this manner has a higher alcohol concentration (approximately 90% ABV) and is less aromatic. The choice of the apparatus depends on the style of brandy produced. Cognac and South African brandy are examples of brandy produced in batches while many American brandies use fractional distillation in column stills. Aging After distillation, the unaged brandy is placed into oak barrels to mature. Usually, brandies with a natural golden or brown colour are aged in oak casks (single-barrel ageing). Some brandies, particularly those from Spain, are aged using the solera system, where the producer changes the barrel each year. After a period of ageing, which depends on the style, class and legal requirements, the mature brandy is mixed with distilled water to reduce alcohol concentration and bottled. Some brandies have caramel colour and sugar added to simulate the appearance of barrel ageing. Consumption Serving Brandy is traditionally served at room temperature (neat) from a snifter, a wine glass or a tulip glass. When drunk at room temperature, it is often slightly warmed by holding the glass cupped in the palm or by gentle heating. Excessive heating of brandy may cause the alcohol vapour to become too strong, causing its aroma to become overpowering. Brandy-drinkers who like their brandy warmed may ask for the glass to be heated before the brandy is poured. Brandy may be added to other beverages to make several popular cocktails; these include the Brandy Sour, the Brandy Alexander, the Sidecar, the Brandy Daisy, and the Brandy Old Fashioned. Anglo-Indian usage has "brandy-pawnee" (brandy with water). Culinary uses Brandy is a common deglazing liquid used in making pan sauces for steak and other meat. It creates a more intense flavour in some soups, notably onion soup. In English Christmas cooking, brandy is a common flavouring in traditional foods such as Christmas cake, brandy butter, and Christmas pudding. It is also commonly used in drinks such as mulled wine and eggnog, drunk during the festive season. Brandy is used to flambé dishes such as crêpe Suzette and cherries jubilee while serving. Brandy is traditionally poured over a Christmas pudding and set alight before serving. The use of flambé can retain as much as 75% of the alcohol in the brandy. Historic medical uses In the 19th century, brandy was often used as medical treatment due to its alleged "stimulating" qualities. It was also used by many European explorers of tropical Africa, who suggested that regular, moderate doses of brandy might help a traveller to cope with fever, depression, and stress. These views fell out of favour in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, with suggestions that people were using brandy's "medical" qualities as an excuse for social drinking. Terminology and legal definitions The term brandy is a shortening of the archaic English brandewine or brandywine, which was derived from the Dutch word brandewijn, itself derived from gebrande wijn, which literally means "burned wine" and whose cognates include brännvin and brennivín. In Germany, the term Branntwein refers to any distilled spirits, while Weinbrand refers specifically to distilled wine from grapes. In the general colloquial usage of the term, brandy may also be made from pomace and from fermented fruit other than grapes. If a beverage comes from a particular fruit (or multiple fruits) other than exclusively grapes, or from the must of such fruit, it may be referred to as a "fruit brandy" or "fruit spirit" or named using the specific fruit, such as "peach brandy", rather than just generically as "brandy". If pomace is the raw material, the beverage may be called "pomace brandy", "marc brandy", "grape marc", "fruit marc spirit", or "grape marc spirit",; "marc" being the pulp residue after the juice has been pressed from the fruit. Grape pomace brandy may be designated as "grappa" or "grappa brandy". Apple brandy may be referred to as "applejack", although the process of jacking which was originally used in its production involved no distillation. There is also a product called "grain brandy" that is made from grain spirits. Within particular jurisdictions, specific regulatory requirements regarding the labelling of products identified as brandy exist. For example: In the European Union, there are regulations that require products labelled as brandy, except "grain brandy", to be produced exclusively from the distillation or redistillation of grape-based wine or grape-based "wine fortified for distillation" and aged a minimum of six months in oak. In the US, a brandy that has been produced from other than grape wine must be labelled with a clarifying description of the type of brandy production, such as "peach brandy", "fruit brandy", "dried fruit brandy", or "pomace brandy", and brandy that has not been aged in oak for at least two years must be labelled as "immature". In Canada, the regulations regarding naming conventions for brandy are similar to those of the US (provisions B.02.050–061). According to Canadian food and drug regulations, Brandy shall be a potable alcoholic distillate, or a mixture of potable alcoholic distillates, obtained by the distillation of wine. The minimum specified ageing period is six months in wood, although not necessarily oak (provision B.02.061.2). Caramel, fruit, other botanical substances, flavourings, and flavouring preparations may also be included in a product called brandy (provisions B.02.050–059). Within the European Union, the German term Weinbrand is legally equivalent to the English term "brandy", but outside the German-speaking countries, it is particularly used to designate brandy from Austria and Germany. Varieties and brands Most American grape brandy production is situated in California. Popular brands include Christian Brothers, E&J Gallo, Korbel, and Paul Masson. Ararat has been produced since 1887 and comes from the Ararat plain in the southern part of Armenia. Bottles on the market are aged anywhere from 3 to 20 years. In France: Armagnac is made from grapes of the Armagnac region in the southwest of France, Gers, Landes and Lot-et-Garonne. It is single-continuous distilled in a copper still and aged in oak casks from Gascony or Limousin or from the renowned Tronçais Forest in Auvergne. Armagnac was the first distilled spirit in France. Its usage was first mentioned in 1310 by Vital Du Four in a book of medicine recipes. Armagnacs have a specificity: they offer vintage qualities. Popular brands are Darroze, Baron de Sigognac, Larressingle, Delord, Laubade, Gélas and Janneau. Cognac comes from the Cognac region of France, and is double distilled using pot stills. Popular brands include Hine, Martell, Camus, Otard, Rémy Martin, Hennessy, Frapin, Delamain and Courvoisier. The European Union and some other countries legally enforce "Cognac" as the exclusive name for brandy produced and distilled in the Cognac area of France and the name "Armagnac" for brandy from the Gascony area of France. Both must also be made using traditional techniques. Since these are considered "protected designations of origin", a brandy made elsewhere may not be called Cognac in these jurisdictions, even if it was made in an identical manner. Cyprus brandy differs from other varieties in that its alcohol concentration is only 32% ABV (64 US proof). Greek brandy is distilled from Muscat wine. Mature distillates are made from sun-dried Savatiano, Sultana, and Black Corinth grape varieties blended with an aged Muscat wine. Brandy de Jerez originates from vineyards around Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, Spain. It is used in some sherries and is also available as a separate product. It has a protected designation of origin (PDO). Kanyak (or konyak) is a variety from Turkey, whose name is both a variation of "cognac" and means "burn blood" in Turkish, a reference to its use in cold weather. Portuguese Lourinhã region, just north of Lisbon, is one of the few European PDO that produce only brandy (aguardente vínica), together with Cognac, Armagnac and Jerez. In Moldova and Romania, grape brandy is colloquially called coniac, but is officially named Divin in Moldova and Vinars in Romania. After a double distillation, the beverage is usually aged in oak barrels and labelled according to its age (VS is a minimum of 3 years old, VSOP is a minimum of 5 years old, XO is a minimum of 7 years old, and XXO is a minimum of 20 years old). In Russia, brandy was first produced in 1885 at the Kizlyar Brandy Factory according to a recipe brought from France. Kizlyar brandy is produced according to the classic cognac technology and is one of the most popular beverages in Russia. Also in 2008, the factory restored the status of the Kremlin Suppliers Guild. South African brandies are, by law, made almost exactly as Cognac, using a double distillation process in copper pot stills followed by ageing in oak barrels for a minimum of three years. Because of this, South African brandies are considered very high quality. Italian Stravecchio has been produced since the 1700s in the North of Italy, especially in Emilia-Romagna and Veneto, using grapes that are popular in winemaking such as Sangiovese and Grignolino. Colour, texture and finish resemble those of their French and Spanish counterparts. The most popular brands are Vecchia Romagna, Stravecchio Branca and Stock 84. Northern Italy has also been noted since the Middle Ages for another type of wine spirit, Grappa, which is generally colourless but has some top-shelf varieties called barrique which are aged in oak casks and achieve the same caramel colour as regular brandies. There is a vast production of Stravecchios and Grappas in Italy, with more than 600 large, medium or small distilleries. Ticino, in Italian-speaking Switzerland, is also allowed to produce pomace brandy under the name of Grappa. Labelling of grades Brandy has a traditional age grading system, although its use is unregulated outside of Cognac and Armagnac. These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name: V.S. ("very special") or ✯✯✯ (three stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy has been stored for at least two years in a cask. V.S.O.P. ("very superior old pale"), Reserve or ✯✯✯✯✯ (five stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least four years in a cask. XO ("extra old") or Napoléon designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least six years. ('beyond age') is a designation formally equal to XO for Cognac, but for Armagnac it designates brandy that is at least ten years old. In practice, the term is used by producers to market a high-quality product beyond the official age scale. In the case of Brandy de Jerez, the classifies it according to Brandy de Jerez Solera: 6 months old. Brandy de Jerez Solera Reserva: one year old. Brandy de Jerez Solera Gran Reserva: three years old. Russian brandy (traditionally called "Cognac" within the country), as well as brandies from many other post-Soviet states, uses the traditional Russian grading system that is similar to the French one, but extends it significantly: "Three stars" or ✯✯✯ designates the brandy with the youngest component cask-aged for at least two years, analogous to the French V.S. "Four stars" or ✯✯✯✯ is for the blends where the youngest brandy is aged for at least three years. "Five stars" means that the youngest brandy in the blend was aged four years, similar to the French V.S.O.P. /KV ("Aged Cognac") is a designation corresponding to "XO" or "Napoléon", meaning that the youngest spirit in the blend is at least six years old. /KVVK ("Aged Cognac, Superior Quality") designates the eight-year-old blends and tends to be used only for the highest quality vintages. /KS ("Old Cognac"): At least ten years of age for the youngest spirit in the blend (similar to the Armagnac's ""). /OS ("Very Old"): Beyond the French system, designating blends older than 20 years. See also References External links Andalusian cuisine Distilled drinks
The 2012 Portuguese Social Democratic Party leadership election was held on 3 March 2012. Then PSD leader and Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho ran for a 2nd term as party leader and was the sole candidate in the race, thus winning with almost 95% of the votes. Candidates Withdrew Nuno Miguel Henriques; Results See also Social Democratic Party (Portugal) List of political parties in Portugal Elections in Portugal References External links PSD Official Website 2012 in Portugal Political party leadership elections in Portugal 2012 elections in Portugal Portuguese Social Democratic Party leadership election
is a passenger railway station in located in the town of Kihō, Minamimuro District, Mie, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai). Lines Kii-Ichigi Station is served by the Kisei Main Line, and is located from the terminus of the line at Kameyama Station. Station layout The station consists of a single side platform serving bidirectional traffic. The original station building, dating from the opening of the line, was demolished and replaced by a smaller, simpler waiting-room structure in 2015–16. The station is unattended. Platforms History Kii-Ichigi Station opened on 8 August 1940 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) Kisei-Nishi Line. The JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR) after World War II, and the line was renamed the Kisei Main Line on 15 July 1959. The station has been unattended since 21 December 1983. The station was absorbed into the JR Central network upon the privatization of the JNR on 1 April 1987. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 43 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). Surrounding area Mihama Municipal Mihama Elementary School See also List of railway stations in Japan References External links JR Central timetable Railway stations in Japan opened in 1940 Mihama, Mie Railway stations in Mie Prefecture
Stary Gołębiew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kutno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Kutno and north of the regional capital Łódź. References Villages in Kutno County
Ampang is a federal constituency in Gombak District and Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 2004. The federal constituency was created in the 2003 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system. Demographics 雪兰莪国席 Selangor - 马来西亚第15届全国大选 \| 中國報 History Polling districts According to the gazette issued on 18 July 2023, the Ampang constituency has a total of 37 polling districts. Representation history State constituency Current state assembly members Local governments Election results References Selangor federal constituencies
I Am Me. is the fifth extended play by South Korean girl group Weki Meki. It was released on November 18, 2021, by Fantagio and distributed by Kakao Entertainment. It consists of six tracks, including the title track "Siesta". Pre-release The album was announced on November 8, 2021 with a "coming soon" poster. On the same day, Fantagio posted the release scheduler. Leading up to the album, a mood film for posted for each member, with lines that the members wrote themselves. Accompanying the mood films, two sets of promotional images were released for each member. On November 12, the track list for the mini album was announced. It was also revealed that there is going to be only one version of the physical album. The album comes with a 136-page photo book. On November 15, the first teaser for the Siesta music video was released. Release The EP was released on November 18, 2021, through several music portals, including MelOn, Spotify and Apple Music. Music video for the title track was released on the same day. Fantagio organized an album showcase event that was broadcast through the streaming service VLIVE. Commercial performance The EP debuted and peaked at number 12 on the Gaon Album Chart for the week ending October 20, 2021, and placed within the Top 100 for six consecutive weeks. I Am Me. was the 53rd best-selling album in November 2021 with 11,377 copies sold. It has sold 17,366 copies as of December 2021. Track listing Charts References 2021 EPs K-pop EPs Hip hop EPs Weki Meki EPs
The East Main Street Residential Historic District in Lumpkin, Georgia is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The listing included five contributing buildings. The district includes buildings on East Main Street near Elm Street. It includes a Plantation Plain-style cottage, two Victorian cottages, and a Queen Anne-style house. References Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state) National Register of Historic Places in Stewart County, Georgia Victorian architecture in Georgia (U.S. state) Queen Anne architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
Spell My Name Right: The Album is the debut studio album by East Coast hip hop producer Statik Selektah. The album was released on November 6, 2007. The album features guest appearances from DJ Premier, Termanology, Styles P, Q-Tip, Talib Kweli, Consequence, Joell Ortiz, Kool G Rap, Sheek Louch, Freeway, Cassidy, DJ Khaled, Red Café, Mims, Uncle Murda, Jadakiss, Royce da 5'9", Cormega, Reks, Doug E. Fresh, Tony Touch, Scram Jones, Esoteric, Clinton Sparks, Big Shug, Lil Fame, AZ, Slum Village, Granite State, Evidence, The Alchemist, Skyzoo, KRS-One and Large Professor among others. Track listing All songs produced by Statik Selektah References 2007 debut albums Statik Selektah albums Albums produced by Statik Selektah
Sheng Yang He (; born 1963) is a Chinese-American plant biologist. He was a University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University before moving to Duke University in 2020. He has been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator since 2011. He served as President of the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions from 2014 to 2016. Recognized for his research on plant pathology on the molecular level, he was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2015. Biography He was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China in 1963 and became aware of the importance of crop protection at an early age. He studied at Zhejiang Agricultural University (now part of Zhejiang University), where he earned his bachelor's degree in 1982 and his master's in plant protection in 1985. He subsequently moved to the United States to study at Cornell University, earning his Ph.D. in plant pathology in 1991. After conducting postdoctoral research at Cornell, He taught at the University of Kentucky in 1993 before moving to Michigan State University in 1995. He was the University Distinguished Professor in three departments of MSU: Plant Biology, Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics. He is a member of the Editorial Board for Current Biology. He is known for his research on plant pathology on the molecular level. His research focuses include bacterial effector proteins, the immune function of stomata in plants, and jasmonate signaling. External links Laboratory website: theHeLab.org Google Scholar Profile References 1963 births Living people Scientists from Ningbo Zhejiang University alumni Cornell University alumni University of Kentucky faculty Michigan State University faculty American phytopathologists Biologists from Zhejiang Chinese emigrants to the United States Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Howard Hughes Medical Investigators Educators from Ningbo
Kwinana Oil Refinery was sited on the shore of Cockburn Sound at Kwinana, near Fremantle, Western Australia. Built by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and completed in 1955, it was the largest oil refinery in Australia, with a capacity of . It was closed by BP in March 2021 to be converted to an import-only terminal. History In March 1952, the Government of Western Australia and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company signed a £40 million agreement to build the Kwinana Oil Refinery. The agreement was then sent to parliament for reading as two bills on 6 March; one, the Oil Refinery (Kwinana) Industry Bill, to ratify the agreement and the second, the Industrial Development (Kwinana Area) Bill, to acquire the land in Kwinana. Infrastructure Details in this final agreement included a requirement that the company pay at least 6% of the costs of dredging Cockburn Sound, estimated at between £4 and £6 million, with the state meeting the company's requirements for the dredge; supply of 12,000 kilowatts of electricity; cement to be imported by the company; sale of of land to the south of the refinery for recreation and amenities; provision of water and sewerage to the construction and final building; supply of potable water a day, rising to a day; sale of land at ; federal government assistance in obtaining migrant labour for the project. The state government undertook to build 1,000 rental homes within three years, with water, septic tanks, fences and roads to the refinery. Included were details of three pipelines to be built, one to Fremantle, a second from Fremantle to Perth and a third from Kwinana to Perth. The state also provided a guarantee against future socialisation and waived charges for pilotage of ships which were being used on company business. Associated land provision In the second bill, land for future industry was proposed and would stretch from Robbs Jetty south towards Rockingham Townsite and east to Jandakot, with it acquired at a reasonable price. Resumption of land would take place up until 31 December 1953 and possibly beyond. Both bills passed the Legislative Council on 14 March 1952 and were sent to Governor Charles Gairdner for the Royal assent. Commonwealth land and jurisdiction At a meeting held in Canberra with Interior Minister Kent Hughes, the Federal Government agreed on 18 March 1952 to sell back 949 acres it had owned since its purchase in 1916 to the WA State Government at £10 acre. Hughes also agreed to return Commonwealth land, from Woodman Point down to Kwinana, to the state for use as industrial land. Concerned about the impact of the project on the disruption to sources of labour in WA, Minister for Works David Brand discussed immigration policy to make up the shortfall especially when it came to skilled workers. Discussion also took place as to Australian import restrictions when it came to material required for the refinery's construction, with the company willing to use local supplies but not to the detriment of the state's requirements for construction materials in other local projects. Water supply In May 1952, the State government authorised the commencement of a 19 km, 26 cm steel water pipeline from Melville reservoir to a 36.5m diameter, 1 million gallon storage tank on Mount Brown in Henderson, with completion in August and July respectively and on to the refinery site for use during construction. Also in late May, A. E. Mason arrived to become the head of the project in Western Australia for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Work also proceeded on soil surveys, hydrographic surveys and pile tests at the project site. Dredging and rail services Tenders were called for the dredging of Cockburn Sound over three or four years, dredging through two banks, a 4.4-km channel through the Success Bank and a 2.8-km channel through the Parmelia Bank. Investigations took place in May 1952 to extend the existing railway line 9.8 km from Woodman Point and Coogee through to the refinery site. But by July 1952, the railway plan was modified with an extension line from a future Welshpool railway line through Bibra Lake to the proposed Coogee line to Kwinana. The main water supply for the project would come through a 76-cm trunk line from Armadale to a hill sited west of Lake Thompson where a 20 million gallon reservoir would be built from late 1952 with a pipeline to the refinery by mid-1955. Plant and housing construction On the 24 September 1952, Anglo-Iranian Oil announced that Kelloggs International and Costain-John Brown & Company would build the refinery and its facilities. In late September 1952, the last obstacle preventing the refinery project proceeding, the Commonwealth Oil Refineries, equally owned by the Commonwealth and Anglo-Iranian and responsible for marketing refined products in Australia, would be sold so that it was fully owned by the latter. With this news, the dredging tender was announced on 1 October 1952 by Minister for Works David Brand with the initial contract awarded for £2 million to a Dutch company, Hollandse Aanneming Maatskappy, and would see a 152m-wide, 11.5m-deep channel created through the two banks with 7 million cubic yards of spoil removed, allowing 40,000-ton ships to enter Cockburn Sound. The spoil would be deposited at three sites, Cockburn Sound, Owen Anchorage and Gage Roads. Commencement of the project was officially announced by Premier Ross McLarty on 9 October 1952. Tenders for the 1,000 new rental houses were sent out in November 1952 for delivery in three years with five tenders chosen in mid-December to begin work mid-January 1953. Commissioning The refinery's twelve administrative buildings were constructed between May and December 1954. On 8 January 1955, the first oil tanker British Crusader arrived at Gage Roads and passed through the new channels into Cockburn Sound on 11 January. The first oil was pumped from the storage tanks into the distillation furnace on 2 February 1955 and the refinery was online. Petrol was pumped for the first time on 23 March 1955 from the refinery to the Commonwealth Oil Refineries depot in North Fremantle. The refinery was officially opened on 25 October 1955 by the Governor-General Sir William Slim. Conversion to import terminal After 65 years' operation, citing growing lack of commercial viability, BP ceased refining in 2021, aiming at conversion of the enterprise to an oil import terminal to operate in 2022. The closure removed over one fifth of Australia's refining capacity, leaving three operating refineries. Kwinana supplied about 70% of Western Australia's fuel needs. The refinery staffing of 650 would be reduced to 60. The cost of making the change was estimated at up to $1 billion including staff redundancies, inventory write-downs and decommissioning provisions. Bailout controversy Citing the loss of 600 refinery jobs in Western Australia and a further 300 from the pending closure of ExxonMobil Australia's Altona Refinery in Victoria, Kwinana's federal parliamentarian Madeleine King criticised Prime Minister Scott Morrison for not including these operations in a $2 billion bailout package for Australia's two remaining fuel refineries; Viva Energy's Geelong Oil Refinery and Ampol's Lytton Oil Refinery in Brisbane."The Prime Minister declared...that maintaining Australia's refining capacity was a matter of economic and national security. But in choosing to back refining capacity only in Brisbane and Geelong, Mr Morrison is choosing to maintain the economic and national security of just the east coast." Engineering heritage The refinery received a Historic Engineering Marker from Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program. Notes References Kwinana Souvenir Argus, 26 April 1955, pp. 20–41 at Trove Kwinana Refinery at BP official website External links Anglo-Persian Oil Company BP buildings and structures Cockburn Sound Economy of Perth, Western Australia Industrial buildings completed in 1955 Kwinana Beach, Western Australia Oil refineries in Australia Recipients of Engineers Australia engineering heritage markers 1955 establishments in Australia 2021 disestablishments in Australia
Martha Ann Derthick (June 20, 1933 – January 12, 2015) was an American public administration scholar and academic. She is most known for her work on social security programs, deregulation and federalism. Biography Born in Chagrin Falls, Ohio, on June 20, 1933, she graduated from Hiram College in Ohio in 1954. In 1962, she earned a doctorate in political science from Radcliffe College. She taught and researched at Harvard University between 1964 and 1970, followed by periods at the Joint Center for Urban Studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston College. She then joined the Brookings Institution, where she was director of the government studies program from 1978 to 1983. From 1983 to 1999, she was the Julia Allen Cooper professor of government and foreign affairs at the University of Virginia. Derthick's research involved a focus on the unintended consequences of federal mandates for state welfare programs. Derthick favored federalism over centralized government. Among her best known works was Policymaking for Social Security (1979). Derthick died in Charlottesville, Virginia on January 12, 2015, after a series of strokes. Awards Among other awards, Derthick was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, and she was twice awarded the Louis Brownlow Book Award by the National Academy of Public Administration. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1982. Works 2002 Up in Smoke: From Legislation to Litigation in Tobacco Politics 2001 Keeping the Compound Republic: Essays on American Federalism (Brookings Institution Press) 1999 Dilemmas of Scale in America’s Federal Democracy (Cambridge University Press) 1990 Agency Under Stress: The Social Security Administration in American Government 1985 The Politics of Deregulation (with Paul J. Quirk) 1979 Policymaking for Social Security 1975 Uncontrollable Spending for Social Service Grants References Further reading Utter, Glenn H. and Charles Lockhart, eds. American Political Scientists: A Dictionary (2nd ed. 2002) pp 80–82, online. 1933 births 2015 deaths Radcliffe College alumni University of Virginia faculty Hiram College alumni People from Chagrin Falls, Ohio
The third season of Kaguya-sama: Love Is War, titled Kaguya-sama: Love Is War – Ultra Romantic, is a 2022 Japanese anime series, based on the manga series of the same title, written and illustrated by Aka Akasaka. It was announced on October 25, 2020 for production during the "Kaguya-sama Wants To Tell You On Stage" special event. The season aired from April 9 to June 25, 2022, with returning staff and cast members. The opening theme song is "GIRI GIRI" by Masayuki Suzuki featuring Suu from Silent Siren, while the ending theme is "Heart wa Oteage" ("My Heart Does Not Know What to Do") by Airi Suzuki. In episode 5, the ending theme song is "My Nonfiction" by Makoto Furukawa and Konomi Kohara as their characters of Miyuki and Chika, respectively. The season finale aired on June 25 as a double episode has "Sentimental Crisis" by Halca as the ending theme song. Episodes Preview special References Kaguya-sama: Love Is War episode lists 2022 Japanese television seasons
Edward Theodore England (September 29, 1869 – September 9, 1934) was a lawyer and politician from West Virginia. He served in the West Virginia Senate, as Attorney General of West Virginia, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives. Early and family life England was born in Gay, West Virginia, on September 29, 1869, to the former Mary Welch and her husband Andrew J.S. England. He attended the local schools, and in 1892 graduated from Concord Normal School in Athens, West Virginia. After teaching school for several years, and then England attended law school at Southern Normal University in Huntingdon, Tennessee. he graduated in 1898. Career After being admitted to the bar in 1898, England began his legal practice in Oceana, West Virginia. In 1901 England moved to Logan, West Virginia (the county seat of Logan County, West Virginia), where he continued to practice law. In 1903 voters elected England as mayor of Logan. In 1908 he won election to the West Virginia Senate, serving from 1908 to 1916, and including as Senate President in 1915. Because West Virginia has no Lieutenant Governor, the Senate President is next in line to the governorship. As a result, England attended the first meeting of all the lieutenant governors in the United States in 1915. When they convened at Rhea Springs, Tennessee, England was chosen to preside. In 1916, England won a statewide election and became Attorney General of West Virginia, serving from 1917 to 1925. In 1923 he was elected president of the Attorney Generals' Association of the United States. In 1924 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor. In 1926 England was elected to the Seventieth Congress (March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1929). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1928. After leaving Congress England resumed the practice of law in Charleston, West Virginia. Death and legacy England died in Cleveland, Ohio, on September 9, 1934, and was interred at Sunset Memorial Park in Charleston. References 1869 births 1934 deaths West Virginia Attorneys General Presidents of the West Virginia Senate Mayors of places in West Virginia People from Jackson County, West Virginia People from Logan, West Virginia Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from West Virginia Southern Normal University alumni People from Oceana, West Virginia
Jean Riboud (15 November 1919 – 20 October 1985) was a French socialist, corporate executive and the chairman of Schlumberger, the largest oilfield services company in the world. He was a member of the French Resistance during World War II and suffered incarceration in Buchenwald concentration camp of the Nazis. His contributions were reported in making Schlumberger into the market leader in oilfield services sector. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1986, for his contributions to society. Biography Riboud, born on 15 November 1919 in the French city of Lyons to a banker, graduated from Ecole des Sciences Politiques, Paris in 1939. He was involved with politics from his student years and was a supporter of the Popular Front coalition government of Leon Blum. Later, he started his career as a lieutenant in the French Army and after serving the army for a while, he joined the French Resistance. It was during this period he was captured by the Nazis and was sent to Buchenwald concentration camp where spent two years, suffering from tuberculosis, before escaping from there with help from the communists. When the war ended, he pursued a career in banking by joining Andre Istel and Company, a private investment banking firm owned by a friend of his father, and this gave him an opportunity to visit United States in 1946 for opening an office of his bank in New York. There, he met Marcel Schlumberger, one of the founders of the Schlumberger group, and on his invitation, Riboud joined Schlumberger as the founder's assistant in 1951. He continued in the company even after the death of Marcel Schlumberger in 1953 and rose in ranks to become the head of Europe operations and later, as the chief executive of the company in 1965. Seven years later, he became the chairman of the group, in 1972. Under his leadership, Schlumberger grew to become the largest oilfield services company in the world with interests in other sectors such as semiconductors. He expanded the company business by acquisitions, too; the taking over of Fairchild Camera and Instrument was one such acquisition. By the time he relinquished his position to his successor, Michel Vaillaud, in 1985, the company had a net profit of I.2 billion on a revenue of 6.4 billion and had presence in over 100 countries, controlling the operations of 70 percent of the world's oil wells. At that time, the company employed 80,000 people, held 10.9 billion in assets and was considered by many as the best managed company in the world. Riboud married Krishna Roy, historian, art collector, the great-grandniece of Rabindranath Tagore, niece of Soumendranath Tagore, and the great-granddaughter of Dwijendranath Tagore, in 1949, and the couple had a son, Christophe. It is reported that the Riboud couple had an extensive friendship circle, which included political figures like François Mitterrand, Indira Gandhi and Ne Win and art personalities such as Yves Tanguy, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Isamu Noguchi, M. F. Hussain, Joan Miró and Max Ernst. They also had an art collection, parts of which were later donated by Krishna Riboud to the Musee Guimet. where a separate gallery of the Jean and Krishna Riboud collection is being maintained. Towards the later days of his life, he was afflicted with cancer and handed over his responsibilities to Vaillaud in September 1985. A month later, on 20 October 1985, he died at his Neuilly-sur-Seine home, survived by his wife, son and three grandchildren. The Government of India honored him with the civilian award of the Padma Bhushan in 1986. The story of his life has been documented in the book The Art of Corporate Success: The Story of Schlumberger, written by Ken Auletta, as well as in his autobiography, Jean Riboud, published in 1989. See also Buchenwald concentration camp Neuilly-sur-Seine Guimet Museum of Asian Arts, Paris References Further reading External links Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs 1919 births 1985 deaths French industrialists French corporate directors Schlumberger people French socialists French Resistance members Buchenwald concentration camp survivors French art collectors French Army personnel of World War II French autobiographers 20th-century French writers 20th-century French male writers French male non-fiction writers French Army officers
Controsesso, internationally released as Countersex, is a 1964 Italian anthology comedy film directed by Franco Rossi, Marco Ferreri and Renato Castellani. All the episodes have sex as main theme. The episode of Ferreri is considered by several critics as the masterpiece of the first Italian period of the director. Cast Cocaina di domenica Nino Manfredi: Sandro Cioffi Anna Maria Ferrero: Marcella Renzo Marignano: boyfriend of Sandro's sister (directed by Franco Rossi, written by Cesare Zavattini, Piero De Bernardi and Leonardo Benvenuti) Il professore Ugo Tognazzi: The professor Elvira Paoloni: The grandmother (directed by Marco Ferreri, written by Rafael Azcona and Marco Ferreri) Una donna d'affari Nino Manfredi: Andrea Spadini Dolores Wettach: Giovanna Umberto D'Orsi: Armando (directed by Renato Castellani, written by Tonino Guerra and Giorgio Salvioni) References External links 1964 films Commedia all'italiana Films directed by Marco Ferreri Films directed by Franco Rossi Films directed by Renato Castellani Films scored by Piero Umiliani Films scored by Roman Vlad Italian anthology films 1964 comedy films Films with screenplays by Rafael Azcona 1960s Italian films
Westwood Secondary School (WWSS) () is a co-educational government secondary school in Jurong West, Singapore. It was founded on 2 January 2000, the integrated government school offers secondary education under three academic streams, which lead up to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level or the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Normal Level examination. History Westwood Secondary School was founded in 2000 in the new residential town of Jurong West. Initially, it was housed in Huayi Secondary, before it moved to its current location at Jurong West Street 25 on 4 December 2000. References External links Official website Secondary schools in Singapore Jurong West Educational institutions established in 2000 2000 establishments in Singapore
Vera Vladimirovna Afanasyeva () is a professor at the Saratov State University and author, PhD in Philosophy, Member of the Petrovskaya Academy of Sciences and Arts. Vera Afanasyeva was born and lives in Saratov. She graduated from the Saratov State University in 1984, and earned her Candidat degree in 1991. In 2002, she defended her doctoral thesis. Afanasyeva is the author of 10 monographs and about 200 scientific articles. She has two daughters. References External links Vera Afanasyev at Saratov State University Russian women scientists Saratov State University alumni Academic staff of Saratov State University Year of birth missing (living people) Living people
The Yin Mountains (Yin Shan or Yinshan) are mountains in the Eastern Gobi Desert steppe of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China. The Yellow river borders the mountains to the south. Geology The mountains are mainly composed of very old metamorphic rock. References Mountain ranges of China Mountain ranges of Inner Mongolia Mountains of Hebei Gobi Desert
Jurupa Hills High School is a public high school in Fontana, California. It has been open since August 9, 2010 and is the newest high school in the city of Fontana. See also List of Riverside County, California, placename etymologies#Jurupa References External links Education in Fontana, California High schools in San Bernardino County, California Public high schools in California 2010 establishments in California
Trout River Brewing is a brewery that was originally located in Lyndonville, Vermont, US. It began production in July 1996, and closed in November 2014. In November 2014, the brewery was moved to Springfield, Vermont by its current owners. Beer distribution started again in April 2016. References Further reading Martin, Claire (January 18, 2014). "Craft Beer, the (Very) Limited Edition". The New York Times. External links Beer brewing companies based in Vermont Lyndon, Vermont Buildings and structures in Springfield, Vermont 1996 establishments in Vermont American companies established in 1996 Food and drink companies established in 1996
Vicki Randle (born December 11, 1954) is an American singer, multi-instrumentalist (primarily acoustic guitar, bass and percussion) and composer, known as the first permanent female member of The Tonight Show Band, starting with host Jay Leno in 1992. Career Randle was born in San Francisco, California. She began her career as a singer-songwriter/guitarist, playing in such venues as the Bla-Bla Cafe, McCabe's and The Ice House. She also recorded and toured with several women's music artists, such as Cris Williamson, Ferron, June Millington and Linda Tillery. She has recorded and/or toured with Aretha Franklin, Mavis Staples, George Benson, Lionel Richie, Kenny Loggins, Celine Dion, Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Branford Marsalis, Jeffrey Osborne, Laura Nyro and Lyle Mays. She appeared in the HBO documentary Mavis!. Randle became the first female permanent member of the Tonight Show Band with Branford Marsalis, starting in May 1992 and continuing through May 2009. She continued her association with Jay Leno under his five-nights-a-week primetime The Jay Leno Show on NBC as a musician with Kevin Eubanks' renamed "Primetime Band". The show premiered September 14, 2009. She returned to The Tonight Show with Jay Leno with the primetime show's cancellation on February 9, 2010, and continued until May 2010. In 2006, Randle released her first solo album titled Sleep City: Lullabies for Insomniacs. The album was produced by Bonnie Hayes and included Hayes, Cris Williamson Nina Gerber, Barbara Higbie, Teresa Trull, Linda Tillery, Freddie Washington, Herman Matthews, Stephen Bruton with a track produced by Val Garay. She is part of the predominantly black all-female rock band Skip The Needle as bassist, percussionist, co-lead singer and composer. The band consists of Randle, Shelley Doty, Kofy Brown and Katie Cash. In 2022, Randle joined Greg Loiacono's band as percussionist and vocalist, and will be touring on bass with the MC5 led by guitarist Wayne Kramer and featuring singer Brad Brooks, guitarist Stevie Salas and drummer Winston Watson. Personal life Randle is openly lesbian. She has residences in Venice Beach and Oakland, California. References External links 1954 births Living people Guitarists from San Francisco Lesbian singers Lesbian songwriters American lesbian musicians American rock guitarists American women drummers American percussionists African-American guitarists African-American women singer-songwriters African-American drummers American LGBT singers American LGBT songwriters African-American LGBT people The Tonight Show Band members Singers from San Francisco Songwriters from San Francisco LGBT people from California Drummers from San Francisco Women's music 20th-century American drummers 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American women guitarists 20th-century American LGBT people 21st-century American LGBT people 20th-century African-American women 20th-century African-American musicians 21st-century African-American people 21st-century African-American women Singer-songwriters from California American bass guitarists American acoustic guitarists American lesbian writers
Marnheim is a municipality in the Donnersbergkreis district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Sights Pfrimm Viaduct References Donnersbergkreis
Waldo is a ghost town in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. About north of Krag (another ghost town), the remnants are submerged beside the east shore of Lake Koocanusa, just north of the mouth of the Elk River. Off BC Highway 93, the site is by road about southwest of Cranbrook and southeast of Fernie. Name origin Formerly called Crow's Nest Landing, the town began in the 1890s as a refuelling point for the wood-burning steamboats travelling the Kootenay River. At the time, William Waldorf Waldo, a real estate speculator, acquired extensive land for subdivision. Upper Waldo was the main settlement and Lower Waldo was downstream. Railways In September 1902, the rail head of the Great Northern Railway (GN) advanced northward through the locality. Waldo was the main lumber town on this GN route. The flag stop, which opened around 1911, was north of Dorr and south of Baynes. Around 1924, the station moved about northward and served as late as 1935, but had closed by 1936 with the abandonment of the Elko, BC–Rexford, Montana section of track that year. In 1912, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) built its Waldo subdivision southward from Caithness, crossing the GN track about north of the station. CP abandoned the route in 1928. Lumber In 1905, the Ross brothers built a sawmill at the mouth of the Elk River. The next year, they partnered with a Saskatchewan-based lumber dealer named Telford to form Ross-Saskatoon Lumber. Selling the mill to Malcolm and Hugh H. McInnes, the brothers built a new mill adjacent to Lower Waldo. Encountering an acute labour shortage, the manager sent an agent east to hire experienced French-Canadian mill workers. Ross-Saskatoon mostly logged on the western side of the Kootenay River. The company acquired two Shay locomotives and laid narrow-gauge railway trackage to transport logs to the mouth of Englishman Creek, from where the log rafts were towed to the mill. The mill closed in 1923. Finding no buyers, the Shays were cut up for scrap at Waldo in 1927. In 1907, Baker-McNab Lumber Co. built a mill in Upper Waldo. The company logged on the eastern side of river. In 1929, when a fire started near this mill, the company chose not to rebuild. The combined capacity of the two mills (each 75,000 feet per day) had exceeded the available forest resources, making their operations unprofitable. Community J. M. Agnew was the inaugural postmaster 1906–1908. At Lower Waldo were a boarding house and pool hall. In later years, a schoolhouse, general store, barbershop, leather repairer, and garage existed. The 1929 fire destroyed almost the entire town, leaving only the Anglican church and a few buildings in South Waldo. The town was largely rebuilt. With the end of the lumber industry, the community struggled, relying upon agriculture. The success of ranching during the Great Depression led to the formation of the Waldo Stock Breeders Livestock Association. By the mid-1950s, the village comprised two small stores, a school, a dilapidated hotel, and many empty houses. The post office closed in 1967. Reservoir The reservoir for the Libby Dam in Montana submerged the site in the early 1970s. Prior to the flooding, the historic church building was relocated to Baynes Lake. BC Hydro set fire to almost all the remaining buildings, including the once magnificent three-room school. Resting upon concrete piers, the 1920s-era bridge spanning the Kootenay was dynamited. Ferry and bridges In 1896, Capt. Tom Flowers installed a cable ferry across the Elk River, near the mouth. Although a ford existed on the old Kalispell Trail near Mott's road house, trail users had to use the ferry during high water. The next year, a flood briefly took out the ferry. In 1898, the ferry broke away while transporting six men and two horse teams. Carried nearly to Tobacco Plains, the ferry landed on a small island downriver. By 1910, a rickety suspension bridge spanned the Kootenay River at Waldo. Each spring, the planks were removed to avoid being swept away by floods. Around 1923, a Howe truss was built to carry the logging rail line across the river. This bridge also allowed vehicular access to towns westward via rudimentary logging trails. Footnotes References Ghost towns in British Columbia
Martin Mehkek (7 August 1936; Novačka – 1 July 2014; Koprivnica) was a Croatian painter. His works can be found at the Croatian Museum of Naïve Art in Zagreb. References Croatian painters 1936 births 2014 deaths
Kyoto Shiyakusho-mae Station (京都市役所前駅 Kyōto shiyakusho-mae eki) is a stop on the Tozai Line of Kyoto Municipal Subway in Kyoto, Japan. It is in Nakagyo-ku. With the station number designation T12, its station color is kara kurenai. Because it lies beneath the Kawaramachi-Oike intersection, the station also carries signs with the name Kawaramachi Oike. The station has one island platform serving two tracks. Most trains of the Keihan Railway Keishin Line make their last stop at Kyoto Shiyakusho-mae before reversing direction. The station, the name of which means "in front of City Hall," is the closest to the offices of Kyoto's city government. The Honnō-ji was rebuilt nearby, rather than at its original location, following the Incident at Honnōji. Also in the vicinity is the Kyoto office of the Bank of Japan. History The Kyoto Shiyakusho-mae Station opened on October 12, 1997, date when the Tōzai line initiated operations between Daigo Station and Nijō Station. Layout Kyoto Shiyakusho-mae Station has an island platform with two tracks under Oike Dori and Kawaramachi Dori. Surroundings Kyoto City Hall Kyoto City Fire Department Honno-ji Bank of Japan Kyoto Office Zest Oike the site of the Ikedaya Inn The Kyoto Hotel Okura Kyoto Royal Hotel & Spa (Ishin Hotels Group) Hotel Ritz-Carlton Kyoto Teramachi Dori Shikyogoku Shopping Arcade Shimadzu Memorial Hall References External links Kyoto Shiyakusyo-mae Station map Railway stations in Kyoto Prefecture Railway stations in Japan opened in 1997
```html <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "path_to_url"> <!-- NewPage --> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- Generated by javadoc (1.8.0_121) on Mon Mar 27 10:01:25 CEST 2017 --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>ActivitiMembershipEventImpl (Flowable - Engine 5.23.0 API)</title> <meta name="date" content="2017-03-27"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style"> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../../script.js"></script> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- try { if (location.href.indexOf('is-external=true') == -1) { parent.document.title="ActivitiMembershipEventImpl (Flowable - Engine 5.23.0 API)"; } } catch(err) { } //--> var methods = {"i0":10,"i1":10,"i2":10,"i3":10}; var tabs = {65535:["t0","All Methods"],2:["t2","Instance Methods"],8:["t4","Concrete Methods"]}; var altColor = "altColor"; var rowColor = "rowColor"; var tableTab = "tableTab"; var activeTableTab = "activeTableTab"; </script> <noscript> <div>JavaScript is disabled on your browser.</div> </noscript> <!-- ========= START OF TOP NAVBAR ======= --> <div class="topNav"><a name="navbar.top"> <!-- --> </a> <div class="skipNav"><a href="#skip.navbar.top" title="Skip navigation links">Skip navigation links</a></div> <a name="navbar.top.firstrow"> <!-- --> </a> <ul class="navList" title="Navigation"> <li><a href="../../../../../../overview-summary.html">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="package-summary.html">Package</a></li> <li class="navBarCell1Rev">Class</li> <li><a href="class-use/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html">Use</a></li> <li><a href="package-tree.html">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="../../../../../../deprecated-list.html">Deprecated</a></li> <li><a href="../../../../../../index-all.html">Index</a></li> <li><a href="../../../../../../help-doc.html">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="subNav"> <ul class="navList"> <li><a 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allClassesLink.style.display = "none"; } //--> </script> </div> <div> <ul class="subNavList"> <li>Summary: </li> <li>Nested \| </li> <li><a href="#field.summary">Field</a> \| </li> <li><a href="#constructor.summary">Constr</a> \| </li> <li><a href="#method.summary">Method</a></li> </ul> <ul class="subNavList"> <li>Detail: </li> <li><a href="#field.detail">Field</a> \| </li> <li><a href="#constructor.detail">Constr</a> \| </li> <li><a href="#method.detail">Method</a></li> </ul> </div> <a name="skip.navbar.top"> <!-- --> </a></div> <!-- ========= END OF TOP NAVBAR ========= --> <!-- ======== START OF CLASS DATA ======== --> <div class="header"> <div class="subTitle">org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl</div> <h2 title="Class ActivitiMembershipEventImpl" class="title">Class ActivitiMembershipEventImpl</h2> </div> <div class="contentContainer"> <ul class="inheritance"> <li><a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">java.lang.Object</a></li> <li> <ul class="inheritance"> <li><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html" title="class in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl">org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl.ActivitiEventImpl</a></li> <li> <ul class="inheritance"> <li>org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl.ActivitiMembershipEventImpl</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="description"> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"> <dl> <dt>All Implemented Interfaces:</dt> <dd><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEvent.html" title="interface in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event">ActivitiEvent</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiMembershipEvent.html" title="interface in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event">ActivitiMembershipEvent</a></dd> </dl> <hr> <br> <pre>public class <span class="typeNameLabel">ActivitiMembershipEventImpl</span> extends <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html" title="class in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl">ActivitiEventImpl</a> implements <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiMembershipEvent.html" title="interface in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event">ActivitiMembershipEvent</a></pre> <div class="block">Implementation of <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiMembershipEvent.html" title="interface in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event"><code>ActivitiMembershipEvent</code></a>.</div> <dl> <dt><span class="simpleTagLabel">Author:</span></dt> <dd>Frederik Heremans</dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="summary"> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"> <!-- =========== FIELD SUMMARY =========== --> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="field.summary"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Field Summary</h3> <table class="memberSummary" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="Field Summary table, listing fields, and an explanation"> <caption><span>Fields</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></caption> <tr> <th class="colFirst" scope="col">Modifier and Type</th> <th class="colLast" scope="col">Field and Description</th> </tr> <tr class="altColor"> <td class="colFirst"><code>protected <a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a></code></td> <td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html#groupId">groupId</a></span></code> </td> </tr> <tr class="rowColor"> <td class="colFirst"><code>protected <a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a></code></td> <td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html#userId">userId</a></span></code> </td> </tr> </table> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="fields.inherited.from.class.org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl.ActivitiEventImpl"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Fields inherited from class org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl.<a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html" title="class in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl">ActivitiEventImpl</a></h3> <code><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#executionId">executionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#processDefinitionId">processDefinitionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#processInstanceId">processInstanceId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#type">type</a></code></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <!-- ======== CONSTRUCTOR SUMMARY ======== --> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="constructor.summary"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Constructor Summary</h3> <table class="memberSummary" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="Constructor Summary table, listing constructors, and an explanation"> <caption><span>Constructors</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></caption> <tr> <th class="colOne" scope="col">Constructor and Description</th> </tr> <tr class="altColor"> <td class="colOne"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html#ActivitiMembershipEventImpl-org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.ActivitiEventType-">ActivitiMembershipEventImpl</a></span>(<a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEventType.html" title="enum in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event">ActivitiEventType</a> type)</code> </td> </tr> </table> </li> </ul> <!-- ========== METHOD SUMMARY =========== --> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="method.summary"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Method Summary</h3> <table class="memberSummary" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="Method Summary table, listing methods, and an explanation"> <caption><span id="t0" class="activeTableTab"><span>All Methods</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span><span id="t2" class="tableTab"><span><a href="javascript:show(2);">Instance Methods</a></span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span><span id="t4" class="tableTab"><span><a href="javascript:show(8);">Concrete Methods</a></span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span></caption> <tr> <th class="colFirst" scope="col">Modifier and Type</th> <th class="colLast" scope="col">Method and Description</th> </tr> <tr id="i0" class="altColor"> <td class="colFirst"><code><a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a></code></td> <td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html#getGroupId--">getGroupId</a></span>()</code> </td> </tr> <tr id="i1" class="rowColor"> <td class="colFirst"><code><a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a></code></td> <td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html#getUserId--">getUserId</a></span>()</code> </td> </tr> <tr id="i2" class="altColor"> <td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td> <td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html#setGroupId-java.lang.String-">setGroupId</a></span>(<a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a> groupId)</code> </td> </tr> <tr id="i3" class="rowColor"> <td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td> <td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiMembershipEventImpl.html#setUserId-java.lang.String-">setUserId</a></span>(<a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a> userId)</code> </td> </tr> </table> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="methods.inherited.from.class.org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl.ActivitiEventImpl"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Methods inherited from class org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl.<a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html" title="class in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.impl">ActivitiEventImpl</a></h3> <code><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#getEngineServices--">getEngineServices</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#getExecutionId--">getExecutionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#getProcessDefinitionId--">getProcessDefinitionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#getProcessInstanceId--">getProcessInstanceId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#getType--">getType</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#setExecutionId-java.lang.String-">setExecutionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#setProcessDefinitionId-java.lang.String-">setProcessDefinitionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#setProcessInstanceId-java.lang.String-">setProcessInstanceId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/impl/ActivitiEventImpl.html#setType-org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.ActivitiEventType-">setType</a></code></li> </ul> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="methods.inherited.from.class.java.lang.Object"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Methods inherited from class java.lang.<a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">Object</a></h3> <code><a href="path_to_url#clone--" title="class or interface in java.lang">clone</a>, <a href="path_to_url#equals-java.lang.Object-" title="class or interface in java.lang">equals</a>, <a href="path_to_url#finalize--" title="class or interface in java.lang">finalize</a>, <a href="path_to_url#getClass--" title="class or interface in java.lang">getClass</a>, <a href="path_to_url#hashCode--" title="class or interface in java.lang">hashCode</a>, <a href="path_to_url#notify--" title="class or interface in java.lang">notify</a>, <a href="path_to_url#notifyAll--" title="class or interface in java.lang">notifyAll</a>, <a href="path_to_url#toString--" title="class or interface in java.lang">toString</a>, <a href="path_to_url#wait--" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="path_to_url#wait-long-" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="path_to_url#wait-long-int-" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a></code></li> </ul> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="methods.inherited.from.class.org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.ActivitiEvent"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Methods inherited from interface org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.<a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEvent.html" title="interface in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event">ActivitiEvent</a></h3> <code><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEvent.html#getEngineServices--">getEngineServices</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEvent.html#getExecutionId--">getExecutionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEvent.html#getProcessDefinitionId--">getProcessDefinitionId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEvent.html#getProcessInstanceId--">getProcessInstanceId</a>, <a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEvent.html#getType--">getType</a></code></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="details"> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"> <!-- ============ FIELD DETAIL =========== --> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="field.detail"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Field Detail</h3> <a name="userId"> <!-- --> </a> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"> <h4>userId</h4> <pre>protected <a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a> userId</pre> </li> </ul> <a name="groupId"> <!-- --> </a> <ul class="blockListLast"> <li class="blockList"> <h4>groupId</h4> <pre>protected <a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a> groupId</pre> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <!-- ========= CONSTRUCTOR DETAIL ======== --> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="constructor.detail"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Constructor Detail</h3> <a name="ActivitiMembershipEventImpl-org.activiti.engine.delegate.event.ActivitiEventType-"> <!-- --> </a> <ul class="blockListLast"> <li class="blockList"> <h4>ActivitiMembershipEventImpl</h4> <pre>public ActivitiMembershipEventImpl(<a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiEventType.html" title="enum in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event">ActivitiEventType</a> type)</pre> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <!-- ============ METHOD DETAIL ========== --> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"><a name="method.detail"> <!-- --> </a> <h3>Method Detail</h3> <a name="setUserId-java.lang.String-"> <!-- --> </a> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"> <h4>setUserId</h4> <pre>public void setUserId(<a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a> userId)</pre> </li> </ul> <a name="getUserId--"> <!-- --> </a> <ul class="blockList"> <li class="blockList"> <h4>getUserId</h4> <pre>public <a href="path_to_url" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a> getUserId()</pre> <dl> <dt><span class="overrideSpecifyLabel">Specified by:</span></dt> <dd><code><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiMembershipEvent.html#getUserId--">getUserId</a></code> in interface <code><a href="../../../../../../org/activiti/engine/delegate/event/ActivitiMembershipEvent.html" title="interface in org.activiti.engine.delegate.event">ActivitiMembershipEvent</a></code></dd> <dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt> <dd>related user. 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Mostafaabad (, also Romanized as Moşţafáābād) is a village in Aland Rural District, Safayyeh District, Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 93, in 21 families. References Populated places in Khoy County

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