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Oleg Tonoritchi (born 21 November 1973) is a Moldovan cyclist. He competed in the men's individual road race at the 1996 Summer Olympics. References External links 1973 births Living people Moldovan male cyclists Olympic cyclists for Moldova Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing (living people)
The Hannam Islands are three small islands lying in the eastern part of Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica, midway between Cape Denison and Cape Gray. They were discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named them for Walter H. Hannam, a wireless telegrapher with the expedition. See also List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands References Islands of George V Land
Aleksandar Mutavdžić (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Мутавџић; born 3 January 1977) is a Serbian footballer who played as a left midfielder. He has played for FK Rad, K.A.A. Gent, Standard Liège, G. Beerschot, CSKA Sofia and Cercle Brugge. Career Mutavdžić started his career in FK Rad before moving to Belgium. Mutavdžić played 2 games for Germinal Beerschot at the start of 2002-03 season before signed by Standard Liège. But a knee injury made his season came to early end in January 2003. He came out from injury in January 2004. But in 2004-05 season he was excluded in first team although played twice in UEFA Cup. In January 2006, he was signed for PFC CSKA Sofia along with countryman Oliver Kovačević. he was released at the end of season and moved to Cercle Brugge. Personal life Mutavdžić also holds Belgian nationality. References External links vi.nl 1977 births Living people Serbian men's footballers Serbian expatriate men's footballers FK Rad players Beerschot A.C. players Standard Liège players PFC CSKA Sofia players Cercle Brugge K.S.V. players K.A.A. Gent players Panserraikos F.C. players Belgian Pro League players First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria Expatriate men's footballers in Greece Men's association football midfielders Serbian emigrants to Belgium Naturalised citizens of Belgium Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria Footballers from Kraljevo
Nguyễn Minh Thuyết (born 1948) is a Vietnamese legislator, serving since the Eleventh National Assembly from 2002 to 2007 and was reelected in the Twelfth National Assembly which will last until 2012. He is a member of Vietnam Communist Party (sworn in since 1991) and currently holds a position as a vice chairman of the Vietnam National Assembly's Culture and Education Committee. Early life and education Thuyết graduated as a linguist from Vietnam University of Social Science and Humanity. He managed to earn a PhD and served in the university as a professor from 1990 to 2003. Prior to swearing in as a legislator he was also in charge of the Assembly's Committee of Science, Technology and Environment. Vietnam National Assembly In the role of a member of the parliament, Nguyen Minh Thuyet represents for Lang Son's 11th and 12th congressional province since 1997; besides, he is also a vice chairman of the National Assembly's Culture and Education Committee. He is well known for being outspoken, straightforward and active in Vietnam's political life, particularly through burning debates in thorny issues in every Assembly’ conference and meeting regarding to law enforcement consequences of the cabinet. He is one of the most distinct members of the Vietnam National Assembly who strongly objected the controversial economic projects such as Vietnam's bauxite project in the Central Highlands, plans to build nuclear power plants and an Express Railway connecting Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City. In early November 2010 he formally proposed for a temporary Assembly-formed panel to investigate Vinashin shipbuilding group, an economical and political worst-ever scandal which was believed cost the Vietnam economy nearly 80 trillion dong ($5.0 billion) but got rejected as, according to state media, there are ongoing investigations from associated communist agencies, police and the Central Committee of Supervision. Soon after the proposal got rejected by the Central Board of National Assembly, there are concerns whether he would suffer from political consequences for his request. He has led a call for answers from the communist-driven government since and demanded a vote of no confidence on the Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, who is also a member of the powerful Politfuro Standing Committee. References External links CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH KHOA HỌC "Vietnam's Assembly Won't Probe Vinashin Scandal" Living people 1948 births Vietnamese communists Vietnamese academics Members of the National Assembly (Vietnam)
Fort Santíssima Trindade (Fortaleza da Santíssima Trindade in Portuguese) also known as Fort Tiracol, is a Portuguese era fort near the village of Tiracol, in the North Goa district of Goa, India. At the mouth of the Terekhol River, the fort can be reached by a ferry from Querim, north of Panaji. History It is believed that the fort was originally crudely built by Khem Sawant Bhonsle, the Raja of Sawantwadi, in the 17th century. The site chosen was a hillock on the Northern (right) bank of the river, which gave a commanding view of the Arabian sea. The Bhonsles of Sawantwadi kept a sizeable fleet of navy vessels which sheltered in the Tiracol River. The fort initially consisted of 12 guns, a barrack and a chapel. In 1746, the Portuguese under the 44th Viceroy of Goa, Pedro Miguel de Almeida waged war against the Raja of Sawantwadi, as a retaliation to constant border raids. On 16 November 1746, de Almeida brought the Portuguese fleet up to the River, waged a fierce maritime engagement against the naval forces of the Raja of Sawantwadi in which the Portuguese defeated the Sawantwadi forces utterly. Several skirmishes on land followed and Fort Tiracol was finally surrendered on 23 November 1746 to the Portuguese. The fort became an important part of Portuguese maritime defences; being extensively revamped in 1764. It remained in Portuguese control till December 1961 when the last of Portuguese territorial positions in the subcontinent were forcibly annexed by India. On 17 February 1819, following the defeat of the Marathas, a treaty was signed by Raja Bhonsle Khem Sawunt of Sawantwadi who recognised British suzerainty. This treaty effectively abolished the strategic importance of the fort, as it became an enclave in territory controlled by British allies. During the Portuguese Civil War, the fort served as a rebel stronghold during an uprising in 1825 against the Portuguese led by Dr. Bernardo Peres da Silva, the first Goan born Viceroy of Goa. It was greatly damaged but the fort and the chapel were later rebuilt. A ruthless Commandant, "Tiger-killer" da Cunha entered the fort and ordered the beheading of the entire garrison and the placing of the heads on stakes. Fort Tiracol was a symbolic location where freedom fighters from Goa demonstrated from time to time. On 15 August 1954, Satyagrahis protesting Portuguese rule entered Goa from three different directions - one of which was from the North to Fort Tiracol, which was occupied and flew the Indian flag for a day before they were captured and imprisoned. Now, Fort Tiracol has been converted into a hotel, called the Fort Tiracol Heritage. Igreja de Santo António A Chapel for the Holy Trinity was constructed in the fort courtyard by de Almeida after its capture. This later became the century-old Church of St. Anthony. The church is not open to the general public except on certain occasions, such as the annual feast that is usually held in May. See also Siege of Tiracol References External links Fort Tiracol - spherical panorama 360°. Tiracol Tiracol Colonial Goa 1749 establishments in India 1740s in Portuguese India Tiracol
Trescares is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in Peñamellera Alta, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. It is located in the Picos de Europa National Park. The population is 55 (INE 2007). In this village, there are two of the most important buildings of this autonomy: the church and, the most important, La Vidre bridge (El Puente La Vidre), built in the romanic time over another bridge that was constructed by the Romans. Today's bridge is known worldwide, and so, a lot of spots are made in it. Here it pass one of the most important rivers of Asturias, the Cares river (El Río Cares), which ends in the river Deva that separates the community of Asturias and Cantabria. One of the sports more played is the fishing, Like another village, Trescares has its feast: Saint Fausto. This is celebrated on the following Saturday of The Pilar (national feast), in which the Trescares people wear asturian dresses and offer a two metres high bouquet to the Saint. Parishes in Peñamellera Alta
Louise Lightner Post (born December 7, 1967) is an American musician. She is best known for being a vocalist and guitarist of the alternative rock band Veruca Salt, which she co-founded with Nina Gordon in 1992. Career Shortly after meeting Nina Gordon, Post and Gordon co-founded the alternative rock band Veruca Salt in 1992 with bassist Steve Lack and drummer Jim Shapiro, Gordon's brother. Post and Gordon were the band's vocalists, guitarists, and songwriters. Veruca Salt released a self-funded demo tape and shipped it to labels while playing a handful of small club shows. After a few live concerts, the band was signed to Minty Fresh Records and began recording with producer Brad Wood, at the time known for having produced Liz Phair's critically acclaimed album Exile in Guyville (1993). The band released a 7-inch single for the song "Seether". Their first full-length album, American Thighs, was released on September 27, 1994, and re-released on November 8, 1994, by Geffen Records. The album peaked on the Billboard chart at number 69, and was eventually certified Gold. Other singles on the album included "All Hail Me" and "Number One Blind". To support the album, the band toured as the opening act for bands such as Hole, Live, and PJ Harvey. In 1996, Veruca Salt released an EP, Blow It Out Your Ass It's Veruca Salt, produced by Steve Albini. The group entered the studio with producer Bob Rock in 1996. Their second album, Eight Arms to Hold You, was released on February 11, 1997, and included the hit "Volcano Girls", which was the opening theme for dark comedy film Jawbreaker. Another single, "Shutterbug", was performed by the band on Saturday Night Live. In 1998, Gordon left the band, and Post recruited new members. They then released another album, Resolver (2000). The band's new line-up toured in summer 2001 and promoted the album in the United Kingdom. Resolver was released in Australia in 2003 and promoted with both a tour and the release of a tour EP, Officially Dead, in 2003. In 2005, the band toured Australia and released another EP, Lords of Sounds and Lesser Things, followed by a full-length album, IV (2006). In 2007, the group covered Neil Young's song "Burned" for a breast cancer benefit album and then went dormant. In 2012, the band's hiatus was announced on their official website. In 2013, Veruca Salt announced the reunion of its original line-up on their Facebook page; on September 29, 2013, it was announced that they were working on new material, set to be released in 2014. On April 19, 2014, for Record Store Day, the band released a 10-inch vinyl disc, MMXIV, containing two new songs, "It's Holy" and "The Museum of Broken Relationships". In 2014, the band played several dates in the United States and Australia. The first post-reunion Veruca Salt album, Ghost Notes, was released on July 10, 2015, to favorable reviews. Personal life Post and bandmate Nina Gordon were very close friends for much of Veruca Salt's early years. By the late 1990s, the personal disagreements between the two increased, resulting in the departure of Gordon from the band. Veruca Salt's 2000 album, Resolver, the first one released without Gordon, contains lyrics that have been interpreted as "hostile" towards her; however, the two never explained the reasons behind their falling out publicly. In 2003, Post stated that the two had reconciled and were friends, but "not at the same intensity". In October 2006, Post complimented Gordon's solo career. In 2013, it was announced that Gordon had returned to Veruca Salt, with Post referring to her as "[her] best friend". In the late 1990s, Post was in a relationship with Foo Fighters' leader and former Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl. Grohl has said that the Foo Fighters song "Everlong" (on which Post sang backing vocals, recorded over a telephone line from Chicago to Los Angeles) is about Post. Following their break-up, Post, during an inebriated performance in Melbourne in 1997, stated that Grohl had left her for Winona Ryder. In 2006, Post stated: "It was a private relationship, but it got so much publicity. I didn't mean for it to happen. I'm friends with him now." Post began dating The Brontosaur's frontman, musician Tony Parks, in 2001. The couple were married on March 30, 2008, in Las Vegas and have one child born in 2010. In October 2017, Post was one of 38 women who publicly accused film director James Toback of sexual harassment. That number later grew to nearly 400. Discography With Veruca Salt American Thighs (1994) Blow It Out Your Ass It's Veruca Salt EP (1996) Eight Arms to Hold You (1997) Resolver (2000) Officially Dead EP (2003) Lords of Sounds and Lesser Things EP (2005) IV (2006) The track "Burned" on Cinnamon Girl: Women Artists Cover Neil Young for Charity (2008) MMXIV EP (2014) Ghost Notes (2015) As Louise Post Studio Albums Sleepwalker (2023) EPs But I Love You Without Mascara (Demos '97-'98) (2022) Appearances Loud Lucy – "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around" from You Got Lucky – A Tribute to Tom Petty (1994) Loud Lucy – Breathe on the song "Over Me" Touch (OST) the songs "Touch" and "Saints In Love" with Dave Grohl (1997) The Avengers (1998) (OST) "Solve My Problems" with Ashtar Command Frogpond – Safe Ride Home (1999) Firetrucs – Hovercraft LP (2002) "Breathe" and "Telephone" The Still Life (2006 film) (OST) Piano version of "Spiderman '79" (2006) Cinnamon Girl – Women Artists Cover Neil Young for Charity - "Sugar Mountain" (2008) Ashtar Command – American Sunshine, Vol. 1 (2011) Skating Polly – New Trick (2017) – EP Collaboration between Skating Polly, Louise Post and Nina Gordon References External links Veruca Salt Returns, Illinois Entertainer (2005-12-30). 1967 births Living people 20th-century American women singers 20th-century American women guitarists 20th-century American guitarists 21st-century American women guitarists 21st-century American guitarists American women singer-songwriters American women rock singers American rock songwriters American rock guitarists Singer-songwriters from Missouri Guitarists from Missouri Musicians from St. Louis Slide guitarists Veruca Salt members Barnard College alumni 20th-century American singer-songwriters
Framo was a minivan, motor tricycle and car manufacturer in Saxony, Germany. It was established by Danish engineer Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen, the founder of DKW, in 1923. Framo became the core of the Barkas minivan manufacturer in 1957. Formation Framo was founded by the Danish engineer Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen and two colleagues (Paul Figura, and Richard Blau) as a components supplier in 1923. At this time, the company was called Metall-Werke Frankenberg GmbH and located in Frankenberg, Saxony. Rasmussen had earlier founded DKW, and the Framo factory was created to produce components for DKW motorcycles. Rasmussen played an important role in the establishment of the Auto Union group, and DKW is represented by one ring of the four rings of the Audi brand today. The production of a motorized freight trike (TV 300) started in Frankenberg in 1927. The idea was to combine a motorcycle with a cargo area. The tricycles were equipped with a one-cylinder-two-stroke engine made by DKW. Framo's lightweight and affordable motorized freight trikes were popular with craftsmen and tradesmen. Based on this success, the models ZW 200, LT 200, LTH 200 and LTH 300 were developed. Relocation to Hainichen In 1934, the company moved to Hainichen and was subsequently rebranded as FRAMO-Werke GmbH, Hainichen. Framo is a made-up word based on FRAnkenberg and MOtorenwerk (engine plant). At this point, the company was already employing 700 workers. 1934 also saw the development of compact cars. First, the tricycle Stromer FP 200 was released. Its successors Piccolo VH 200 and Piccolo VH 300 had four wheels. Overall, the cars were not a huge success. Following up on the earlier success of the motorized freight trikes, a new line of minivans with four wheels was introduced in 1938. The first model was called V 500. World War II The production of military products and weapons began in 1943. From September 1944 until April 1945, 500 female prisoners of Hainichen concentration camp, a subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp, were forced to work for the Framo enterprise. East Germany In 1945, on the orders of the occupying Soviet military administration, the factories were dismantled as part of war reparations and shipped to the Soviet Union. The factory restarted the assembly of the pre-war-model (V 501/2) in 1949. The newly developed postwar models V 901 and V 902 entered the market in 1951. The development of varying superstructures began in 1953. Framo museum A museum dedicated to the brands Framo and Barkas was opened in Frankenberg, Saxony in 1993. As of 2007, eighteen cars, motorized tricycles and minivans are on display. Gallery See also List of German cars References External links Framo timeline (in German) Framo museum (German Wikipedia) Companies based in Saxony Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
The following people served as members of the Greater London Council, either as councillors or Aldermen. The polling days were: 9 April 1964 (Aldermen elected on 27 April) 13 April 1967 (Aldermen elected on 2 May) 9 April 1970 (Aldermen elected on 28 April) 12 April 1973 (Aldermen elected on 4 May) 5 May 1977 7 May 1981 A Frank Lewis Abbott (C): Wandsworth 1967–1970; Alderman 1970–1977 Peter Ernest Anderson (Lab): Ealing 1964–1967 John William Andrews (Lab): Greenwich 1964–1967, 29 June 1967 – 1973 Geoffrey Weston Aplin (C): Croydon 1964–1973; Croydon South 1973–1981 Anthony Francis Arbour (C): Surbiton 15 September 1983 – 31 March 1986 Francis William Archer (Lab): Erith and Crayford 1973–1977 Jeffrey Howard Archer (C): Havering 1967–1970 David Ashby (C): Woolwich West 1977–1981 John Leonard Aston (C): Croydon 1964–1970 David James Avery (C): City of London and Westminster South 1981 – 31 March 1986 B George Nicholas Alexander Bailey (C): Brentford and Isleworth 1977 – 31 March 1986 Lawrence Arthur Bains (C): Haringey 1967–1973; Hornsey 1973–1981 David Gilbert Baker (C): Alderman 1967–1970 Richard Andrew Balfe (Lab): Dulwich 1973–1977 Maud Ball (Lab): Barking 1964–1970 Frank Banfield (Lab): Alderman 1964 – 31 March 1970 Tony Banks (Lab): Hammersmith 1970–1973; Fulham 1973–1977; Tooting 1981 – 31 March 1986 Benita Dorothy Barham (C): Bromley 1964–1970 Dudley Eric Reynolds Barker (Lab): Croydon North West 1973–1977 Phillip John Bassett (Lab): Carshalton 1973–1977 Robert Brian Bastin (Lab): Lewisham 1970–1973 Brian Caldwell Cook Batsford (C): Alderman 1967 – 22 April 1970 Edwin Bayliss (Lab): Islington 1964–1967 Anthony William Bays (C): Upminster 1981 – 31 March 1986 Neville Beale (C): Finchley 1981 – 31 March 1986 Edith Gordon Beecher-Bryant (C): Bromley 1964–1970 Roland Charles Beecher-Bryant (C): Bromley 1970–1973 Edward Percy Bell (Lab): Newham 1964–1973; Newham South 1973–1981 William Archibald Ottley Juxon Bell (C): Kensington and Chelsea 1970–1973; Chelsea 1973 – 31 March 1986 Vivian Bendall (C): Croydon 1970–1973 Francis Ernest Herman Bennett (C): Alderman 1964–1977 Alfred Abram Berney (C): Brent 1967–1973 Peter Blair Black (C): Barnet 1964–1973; Hendon South 1973 – 31 March 1986 Christopher Bland (C): Lewisham 1967–1970 Timothy James Bligh (C): Alderman 1967 – 12 March 1969 Paul Boateng (Lab): Walthamstow 1981 – 31 March 1986 Stanley Charles Bolton (C): Merton 1970–1973; Wimbledon 1973 – 31 March 1986 Louis Wolfgang Bondy (Lab): Camden 1964–1967; Islington 1970–1973; Islington North 1973–1981 Iris Mary Caroline Bonham (Lab): Hammersmith 18 June 1964 – 1967 and 1970–1973; Hammersmith North 1973–1977 Gerald Bowden (C): Dulwich 1977–1981 Samuel Boyce (Lab): Newham 1964–1973 Anthony Vincent Bradbury (C): Wandsworth 1967–1970 Sheila Mary Bradley (C): Greenwich 1967 – 24 May 1967 Ashley Bramall (Lab): Tower Hamlets 1964–1973; Bethnal Green and Bow 1973 – 31 March 1986 John Patrick Branagan (Lab): Tower Hamlets 1964–1973; Stepney and Poplar 1973 – 31 March 1986 Richard Maddock Brew (C): Alderman 8 October 1968 – 1973; Chingford 1973 – 31 March 1986 Bernard Brook-Partridge (C): Havering 1967–1973; Romford 1973 – 21 May 1985 Bernard Joseph Brown (C): Hillingdon 1967–1973; Ruislip-Northwood 1973–1977 Steve Bundred (Lab): Islington North 1981 – 31 March 1986 Richard Brownrigg Butterfield (C): Camden 1967–1970 C Audrey Elizabeth Callaghan (Lab): Alderman 1964–1970 Leila Campbell (Lab): Camden 1964–1967 Ewan Geddes Carr (Lab): Alderman 28 April 1970 – 1973; Vauxhall 1973 – 17 December 1979 John Adam Carr (Lab): Hackney Central 1981 – 31 March 1986 Dennis Annesley Carradice (Lab): Ilford South 1973–1977 Bryan Cassidy (C): Hendon North 1977 – 31 March 1986 Edward Cyril Castle (Lab): Alderman 1964–1970 Florence Cayford (Lab): Islington 1964–1967 Christopher Charles Henry Chalker (C): Hillingdon 1967–1970 David Walter Chalkley (Lab): Lewisham 1964–1967 and 1970–1973; Deptford 1973–1981 Irene Chaplin (Lab): Islington 1964–1967; Hackney 1967–1973; Hackney South and Shoreditch 1973–1977 Geoffrey Chase-Gardner (C): Hounslow 1967–1973 Christopher Chataway (C): Alderman 1967 – 22 April 1970 Alfred Frederick Joseph Chorley (Lab): Alderman 1964–1970, 4 May 1971 – 1977 Frederick Denis Christian (C): Richmond-upon-Thames 1964–1967 Charles James Christopher (Lab): Alderman 1964–1967 Jill Elizabeth Clack (C): Harrow Central 1981 – 31 March 1986 William Sydney Clack (C): Harrow 1970–1973; Harrow Central 1973–1981 James Albert Edward Collins (Lab): Waltham Forest 1964–1967 John Stewart Collins (C): Hammersmith 1967–1970 Richard Collins (Lab): Camden 1970–1973; Alderman 1973–1977; Holborn and St. Pancras South 1977 – 1 December 1978 John Alfred Boris Connors (C): Enfield North 1977–1981 Frank Arthur Cooper (Lab): Hendon North 1973–1977 Sonia Copland (C): Lewisham East 1977–1981; Carshalton 1981 – 31 March 1986 Harry William Corpe (C): Edmonton 1977–1981 John Rowland Wilton Cox (C): Hillingdon 1970–1973 Robert John Crane (Lab): Barking 1967–1973; Dagenham 1973-13 October 1974 Malby Sturges Crofton (C): Lambeth 1970–1973; Ealing North 1977–1981 Horace Cutler (C): Harrow 1964–1973; Harrow West 1973 – 31 March 1986 D James Daly (Lab): Brentford and Isleworth 1973–1977 Gareth John Daniel (Lab): Ealing North 1981 – 31 March 1986 Countess of Dartmouth (Raine Legge) (C): Richmond-upon-Thames 1967–1973 Peter John Dawe (Lab): Leyton 1981 – 31 March 1986 Bryn Davies (Lab): Vauxhall 21 February 1980 – 21 May 1985 David John Davies (Lab): Hillingdon 1964–1967 Neil Davies (Lab): Woolwich West 1981 – 31 March 1986 Evelyn Joyce Denington (Lab): Camden 1964–1967; Islington 1967–1973; Islington Central 1973–1977 Gladys Felicia Dimson (Lab): Haringey 1964–1967; Wandsworth 1970–1973; Battersea North 1973 – 2 May 1985 Gordon Laurence Dixon (C): Enfield 1964–1970 John Chaytor Dobson (C): Ealing 1970–1973; Acton 1973 – 31 March 1986 Jack Dunnett (Lab): Hounslow 1964–1967 E Douglas Eden (Lab) (Ind): Feltham and Heston 1973–1977 Richard Edmonds (Lab): Hammersmith 1964–1967 Arthur Frank George Edwards (Lab): Newham 1964–1973; Newham North West 1973 – 31 March 1986 Arthur George Edwards (Lab): Alderman 1964–1967; Hammersmith 1970–1973 Keith Andrew Edwards (C): Croydon 1964–1967 George Frederick Everitt (C): Sutton 1964–1973 F Timothy Charles Farmer (C): Alderman 1967 – 11 October 1971 Michael William Walter Farrow (C): Ealing 1970–1973 Herbert Ferguson (Lab): Alderman 1964–1970 Douglas Melville Fielding (C): Bexley 1967–1973; Sidcup 1973–1977 Bill Fiske (Lab): Havering 1964–1967 Antony Thomas Reid Fletcher (C): Ealing 1967–1970 Jennifer Fletcher (Lab): Tottenham 5 May 1983 – 31 March 1986 Muriel Forbes (Lab): Brent 1964–1967 Ann M. Forbes-Cockell (C): Brent 1967–1973 Seton Forbes-Cockell (C): Kensington and Chelsea 1964 – 19 September 1971 Frederick James Francis (Lab): Southwark 1970–1973 Leslie Freeman (C): Alderman 1964–1977 Roland John Michael Freeman (C): Westminster and the City of London 1967–1970; Finchley 15 May 1975 – 1981 Edwin Furness (Lab): Bexley 1964–1967 G Maurice Patrick Gaffney (C): Ealing 1967–1970; Westminster and the City of London 1970–1973 Oliver John Galley (C): Harrow 1964 – 2 October 1965 Rachel Trixie Anne Gardner (C): Havering 1970–1973; Southgate 1977 – 31 March 1986 Montague William Garrett (C): Richmond-upon-Thames 1964–1967 Mair Garside (Lab): Greenwich 1970–1973; Woolwich East 1973 – 31 March 1986 Edgar Victor Garton (Lab): Alderman 1964–1970 Diana Elizabeth Geddes (C): Lambeth 1970–1973; Streatham 1973–1977 Rodney Charles Gent (C): Sidcup 1977 – 31 March 1986 Ronald Gilbey (C): Haringey 1967–1973 Peter Stuart Gill (C): Croydon South 1977 – 31 March 1986 Lilias Girdwood Gillies (Lab): Tooting 1973–1977 William Arthur Gillman (Lab): Havering 1964–1967 Louis Gluckstein (C): Westminster and the City of London 1964–1967; Alderman 1967–1973 Reg Goodwin (Lab): Southwark 1964–1973; Bermondsey 1973–1981 Edward Stephen Gouge (Lab): Ilford South 1981 – 31 March 1986 John Graham (C): Ealing 1967–1970 Alec Alan Grant (Lab): Lewisham 1964–1967 and 1970–1973 Alan Greengross (C): Hampstead 1977 – 31 March 1986 Anna Lloyd Grieves (Lab): Lambeth 1970–1973; Lambeth Central 1973–1981 Michael Grylls (C): Westminster and the City of London 1967–1970 Muriel Gumbel (C): Lambeth 1967–1970; Kensington and Chelsea 2 December 1971 – 1973; Sutton and Cheam 1977 – 31 March 1986 H Rose Hacker (Lab): St. Pancras North 1973–1977 Thomas Alfred Leefe Ham (C): Tooting 1977–1981 John Hammond (C): Redbridge 1970–1973 Lesley Hammond (Lab): Dulwich 1981 – 31 March 1986 Elgar Handy (Lab): Erith and Crayford 1981 – 31 March 1986 Alan Hardy (C): Brent 1967–1973; Brent North 1973 – 31 March 1986 Illtyd Harrington (Lab): Brent 1964–1967; Alderman 28 April 1970 – 1973; Brent South 1973 – 31 March 1986 Andrew Phillip Harris (Lab): Putney 1981 – 21 May 1985 David Harris (C): Bromley 7 November 1968 – 1973; Ravensbourne 1973–1977 John Leonard Harris (C): Putney 1977–1981 Anthony Bernard Hart (Lab): Hornsey 1981 – 31 March 1986 Maureen Harwood (Lab): Alderman 1973–1977 Stephen Haseler (Lab) (Ind): Wood Green 1973–1977 Stephen Robert Hatch (Lab): Battersea South 1973–1977 Joseph Henry Haygarth (C): Barnet 1964–1967 John Charles Henry (Lab): Lewisham 1964–1967 and 1970–1973; Lewisham East 1973–1977 Alan Lewis Herbert (Lab): Lewisham West 24 April 1980 – 2 August 1984 and 20 September 1984 – 31 March 1986 Arthur James Hichisson (C): Lewisham 1967–1970; Alderman 1970–1977 Christopher Thomas Higgins (Lab): Ealing 1964–1967 Ellis Hillman (Lab): Hackney 1964–1973; Hackney Central 1973–1981 Harvey Hinds (Lab): Southwark 1967–1973; Peckham 1973 – 31 March 1986 Roger Eden Hiskey (C): Lewisham West 1977 – 4 February 1980 Norman Howard (Lab): Brent East 1973 – 31 March 1986 Thomas Charles Hudson (C): Enfield 1970–1973 Robert Gurth Hughes (C): Croydon Central 20 March 1980 – 31 March 1986 Arthur Horace Sydney Hull (C): Hayes and Harlington 15 December 1977 – 1981 Robert William George Humphreys (Lab): Lambeth 1964–1967 J Francis Herbert James (C): Redbridge 1964–1970 Andrew Jardine (C): Alderman 1964–1967; Hounslow 1967–1973 Margaret Christian Jay (Lab): Wandsworth 1964–1967 Ethel Marie Jenkins (Lab): Wandsworth 1970–1973; Putney 1973–1977 Margaret Anne Jenkins (Lab): Putney 11 July 1985 – 31 March 1986 Thomas Alfred Jenkinson (Lab): Newham North East 1973–1977; Newham South 1977–1981 Toby Jessel (C): Richmond-upon-Thames 1967–1973 Julia Ada Johnson (Lab): Greenwich 1964–1967 Ethel Winifred Jones (Lab): Ealing 1964–1967 William Emlyn Jones (C): Harrow 1964 – 6 June 1969 Anthony Robert Judge (Lab): Mitcham and Morden 1973–1977 and 1981 – 31 March 1986 K Harry Kay (Lab): Dagenham 30 January 1975 – 31 March 1986 Alexander John Kazantzis (Lab): Camden 1970–1973; Holborn and St. Pancras South 1973–1977 Ernest Kinghorn (Lab): Hounslow 1964–1967 Arnold Kinzley (C): Ilford South 1977–1981 Patricia Mary Kirwan (C): Paddington 1977–1981 Albert George Knowlden (C): Alderman 1964–1967 L Harry Lamborn (Lab): Southwark 1964–1973 Victor Rae Muske Langton (C): Bexley 1967–1973; Bexleyheath 1973 – 31 March 1986 Alan Horace Lewis Leach (C): Sutton 1967–1973 Robin Hubert Leach (C): Ealing 1967–1970 Edward Leigh (C): Richmond 1977–1981 James Anthony Lemkin (C): Uxbridge 1973 – 31 March 1986 Rita Maisie Levy (C): Barnet 19 October 1972 – 1973 Robert Gwilym Lewis-Jones (C): Carshalton 1977–1981 William John Lipscombe (Lab): Hillingdon 1964–1967 Kenneth Watson Little (Lab): Edmonton 1981 – 2 August 1984 and 20 September 1984 – 31 March 1986 William Wycliffe Livingston (C): Lambeth 1967–1973 Ken Livingstone (Lab): Norwood 1973–1977; Hackney North and Stoke Newington 1977–1981; Paddington 1981 – 2 August 1984 and 20 September 1984 – 31 March 1986 Serge Lourie (Lab): Hornchurch 1973–1977 Betty Kathleen Lowton (Lab): Waltham Forest 1964–1967 John Vincent Norman Lucas (Lab): Battersea North 27 June 1985 – 31 March 1986 M Anthony McBrearty (Lab): Enfield North 1981 – 31 March 1986 John McDonnell (Lab): Hayes and Harlington 1981 – 2 August 1984 and 20 September 1984 – 31 March 1986 Andrew McIntosh (Lab): Tottenham 1973 – 1 March 1983 Marjorie McIntosh (Lab): Hammersmith 1964 – 6 May 1964 Alexander Charles Mackay (Lab): Deptford 1981 – 31 March 1986 Alexander McLaughlin (Lab): Wandsworth 15 June 1972 – 1973 Terence Charles McMillan (Lab): Alderman 1964–1967 John Reveley Major (C): Hornchurch 1977–1981; Chipping Barnet 1981 – 31 March 1986 Michael Peter Russell Malynn (C): Haringey 1967–1973 Isita Clare Mansel (C): Camden 1967–1970 Walter Kenneth Mansfield (Lab): Alderman 1973–1977 Reginald Marks (C): Barnet 1964–1973; Chipping Barnet 1973–1977 Bernard Stephen Mason (Lab): Edmonton 1973–1977 David Michael Mason (Lab): Ealing North 1973–1977 John Mason (C): Alderman 1964–1967; Bexley 1967–1973 Stanley Wilfred Mayne (Lab): Alderman 1973–1977 Sidney Aubrey Melman (Lab): Lambeth 1964–1967 Jean Merriton (Lab): Paddington 1973–1977 Peggy Middleton (Lab): Greenwich 1967 – 26 August 1974 Charles Henry Miles (C): Greenwich 1967–1970 Victor Mishcon (Lab): Lambeth 1964–1967 Robert Mitchell (C): Redbridge 1964–1973; Wanstead and Woodford 1973 – 31 March 1986 Ronald Dennis Mitchell (C): Feltham and Heston 1977–1981 Victor Sidney Henry Mitchell (C): Bromley 1964–1967 Thomas Broughton Mitcheson (C): Enfield 1964–1973; Southgate 1973–1977 Paul David Moore (Lab): Lambeth Central 1981 – 31 March 1986 Gladys Emma Morgan (C): Croydon 1967–1973; Croydon North East 5 September 1974 – 17 January 1980 Joan Margaret Morgan (Lab): Hackney South and Shoreditch 1977 – 31 March 1986 Frances Morrell (Lab): Islington South and Finsbury 1981 – 31 March 1986 Harold Trevor Mote (C): Harrow 27 January 1966 – 1973; Harrow East 1973 – 31 March 1986 Norman Sidney Munday (C): Waltham Forest 1967–1973 George Edward Mynott (C): Waltham Forest 1967–1970 N Bob Neill (C): Romford 11 July 1985 – 31 March 1986 Waldemar Thor Neilson-Hansen (C): Leyton 1977–1981 George Edward Nicholson (Lab): Bermondsey 1981 – 31 March 1986 O Luke Patrick O'Connor (Lab): Camden 1970–1973; Alderman 1973–1977 Peter Otwell (Lab): Brent 1964–1967 P George Francis Palmer (Lab): Ealing 1964–1967 Mark Jonathan David Damian Lister Patterson (C): Ealing 1970–1973; Chipping Barnet 1977–1981 Geoffrey Pattie (C): Lambeth 1967–1970 Arthur Sidney Peacock (C): Barnet 1967 – 27 June 1972 Bernard James Perkins (C): Alderman 19 October 1971 – 1973 Jane Phillips (Lab): Hammersmith 1964–1967 David Thomas Pitt (Lab): Hackney 1964–1973; Hackney North and Stoke Newington 1973–1977 Peter Samuel Pitt (Lab): Feltham and Heston 1981 – 31 March 1986 Desmond Plummer (C): Westminster and the City of London 1964–1973; St. Marylebone 1973 – 3 March 1976 Thomas Ponsonby (Lab): Alderman 1970–1977 André William Potier (C): Hillingdon 1967–1970 Fred Powe (Lab): Hounslow 1964–1967 John Nicoll Powrie (Lab): Bexley 1964–1967 Charles Henry Ernst Pratt (C): Bromley 1970–1973 Charles Prendergast (Lab): Barking 1964 – 10 February 1967 Reginald Prentice (Lab): Alderman 1970 – 29 March 1971 Norman Prichard (Lab): Wandsworth 1964–1967, 1970 – 10 April 1972 John Charles Putnam (C): Fulham 1977–1981 R Simon James Crawford Randall (C): Beckenham 1981 – 31 March 1986 Frank Herbert Rapley (Lab): Hillingdon 1964–1967 Edgar Ernest Reed (Lab): Southwark 1964–1970 Margaret Rees (Lab): Woolwich West 1973–1977 Annie Florence Remington (Lab): Haringey 1964–1967 Albert James Retter (C): Hayes and Harlington 1977 – 22 October 1977 Timothy J. Ridoutt (Lab): Ilford North 1973–1977 Jenefer Gwendolen Anne Riley (C): Wood Green 1977–1981 Sydney William Leonard Ripley (C): Kingston upon Thames 1964 – 31 March 1986 Shelagh Marjorie Roberts (C): Havering 1970–1973; Upminster 1973–1981 Bernard Harry Rockman (Lab): Alderman 1964–1967 Marion Roe (C): Ilford North 1977 – 31 March 1986 Arthur James Rolfe (C): Croydon North East 20 March 1980 – 31 March 1986 Hazel Corinne Rose (Lab): Islington 1967–1970 Gerald Ross (Lab): Hackney North and Stoke Newington 1981 – 31 March 1986 Charles Andrew Rossi (Lab): Holborn and St. Pancras South 8 March 1979 – 31 March 1986 Paul Nigel Rossi (Lab) (SDP): Lewisham East 1981 – 31 March 1986 George Frederick Rowe (Lab): Wandsworth 1964–1967 Stanley Graham Rowlandson (C): Enfield 1964–1973 Bertie Edwin Roycraft (Lab): Havering 1964–1967 Percy Rugg (C): Kensington and Chelsea 1964–1970 Stanley Rundle (L): Richmond 1973–1977 Peter Frank Norman Russell (Lab): Hayes and Harlington 1973–1977 S Samuel Isidore Salmon (C): Westminster and the City of London 1964–1967 Albert Samuels (Lab): Southwark 1964–1967 Joseph Simeon Samuels (Lab): Wandsworth 1964–1967, 1970–1973 Herbert Henry Sandford (C): St. Marylebone 8 April 1976 – 31 March 1986 Paul Alexander Saunders (C): Croydon 1964–1967 Mervyn Nelson Scorgie (C): Westminster and the City of London 1970–1973; City of London and Westminster South 1973–1981 Jean Leslie Scott (C): Barnet 1964–1973; Finchley 1973 – 20 March 1975 Thomas William Scott (C): Merton 1964–1970 Geoffrey John David Seaton (C): Kingston upon Thames 1964–1973; Surbiton 1973 – 27 June 1983 Harold Sebag-Montefiore (C): Westminster and the City of London 1964–1973 Beatrice Serota (Lab): Lambeth 1964–1967 Ruth Shaw (L): Sutton and Cheam 1973–1977 Harold Shearman (Lab): Lewisham 1964–1967 William Jeremy Masefield Shelton (C): Wandsworth 1967–1970 Brian Joseph Shenton (C): Mitcham and Morden 1977–1981 William Alfred Sibley (C): Havering 12 December 1968 – 1970 Yvonne Sieve (Lab): Southall 1973 – 31 March 1986 David Howard Simpson (Lab): Croydon North East 1973 – 18 July 1974; Alderman 21 September 1976 – 1977 William Colbert Simson (Lab): Lewisham West 1973–1977 Adrian Carnegie Slade (L): Richmond 1981 – 31 March 1986 Frank Willie Smith (C): Bromley 1967–1973; Beckenham 1973–1981 Norman John David Smith (C): Norwood 1977 – 31 March 1986 William Christopher Smith (C): Hammersmith 1967–1970; Hammersmith North 1977–1981 Anne Sofer (Lab) (SDP): St. Pancras North 1977 – 23 September 1981 and 29 October 1981 – 31 March 1986 Donald Soper (Lab): Alderman 1964-13 May 1965 Barrington John Stead (Lab): Fulham 1981 – 31 March 1986 Maurice Stephenson (C): Alderman 29 April 1969 – 1973 Stephen James Stewart (C): Croydon 1967–1973; Croydon North West 1977 – 31 March 1986 Oliver Stutchbury (Lab): Alderman 1973 – 3 September 1976 Frederick William Styles (Lab): Greenwich 24 October 1974 – 1981 Jack Elmer Swanson (C): Wandsworth 1967–1970 T Jean Tatham (C): Orpington 1973 – 31 March 1986 Cyril Julian Hebden Taylor (C): Ruislip-Northwood 1977 – 31 March 1986 Gordon William Herbert Taylor (C): Alderman 3 October 1972 – 1977; Croydon Central 1977 – 21 January 1980 Ruby Georgina Nancy Taylor (C): Brent 1967–1973 Anne Sylvia Terry (C): Redbridge 1964–1967 Frederick William Thompson (C): Sutton 1964–1967 Robin Beauchamp Thompson (Lab): Bexley 1964–1967 Neil Gordon Thorne (C): Redbridge 1967–1973 Raymond David Clive Thornton (C): Havering 1967 – 13 November 1968 Frederick Lionel Tonge (Lab): Alderman 6 July 1965 – 1967 Frank Towell (Lab): Brent 1964–1967 Richard Town (C): Erith and Crayford 1977–1981 Lena Townsend (C): Camden 1967–1970; Alderman 1970–1977 George William Tremlett (C) (Ind C): Hillingdon 1970–1973; Twickenham 1973 – 31 March 1986 Mike Tuffrey (L): Vauxhall 11 July 1985 – 31 March 1986 Robert Joseph Turner (C): Bromley 1964 – 27 September 1968 Simon John Turney (Lab): Islington Central 1977 – 31 March 1986 U John Oliver Udal (C): Alderman 1967–1973 Dyas Cyril Loftus Usher (C): Hounslow 1967–1973 V Gerard Folliott Vaughan (C): Lambeth 1967–1970; Alderman 1970 – 18 September 1972 Robert Louis Vigars (C): Kensington and Chelsea 1964–1973; Kensington 1973 – 31 March 1986 Louis Albert Vitoria (Lab): Haringey 1964–1967 W Jeremy James Wagg (C): Hammersmith 1967–1970 Frederick William Walker (C): Merton 1964–1973 John James Walsh (Lab): Leyton 1973–1977 Lady Walton (Nellie Margaret Walton) (C): Alderman 1967 – 2 October 1968 John Benjamin Ward (Lab): Barking 1970–1973; Barking 1973 – 31 March 1986 Michael Ward (Lab): Wood Green 1981 – 31 March 1986 John Golden Warren (Lab): Alderman 1973–1977 William Watts (Lab): Alderman 28 April 1970 – 1973 Gordon Alexander Webb (C): Waltham Forest 1967–1973 Mavis Joan Webster (Lab): Waltham Forest 1964 – 27 November 1966 David Christopher Wetzel (Lab): Hammersmith North 1981 – 31 March 1986 Frederick Walter Weyer (C): Lewisham 1967–1970; Streatham 1977 – 31 March 1986 Michael John Wheeler (C): Lewisham 1967–1970; Ravensbourne 1977 – 31 March 1986 David Frank White (Lab): Croydon Central 1973–1977 John Howard White (Lab): Enfield North 1973–1977 Arthur Wicks (Lab): Hackney 1964–1967; Islington 1967–1973; Islington South and Finsbury 1973–1981 Alan Ronald Williams (Lab): Hornchurch 1981 – 31 March 1986 Margaret Williams (C): Battersea South 1977–1981 Phillip Charles Desmond Williams (C): Waltham Forest 1970–1973 John Wilson (Lab): Newham North East 1977 – 31 March 1986 Valerie Wise (Lab): Battersea South 1981 – 31 March 1986 Enid Barbara Wistrich (Lab): Hampstead 1973–1977 Deirdre Frances Mary Wood (Lab): Greenwich 1981 – 31 March 1986 Joan Kathleen Wykes (C): Chislehurst 1973 – 31 March 1986 Y George Young (C): Ealing 1970–1973 James Young (Lab): Greenwich 1964–1967 Robin Ainsworth Raine Young (Lab): Walthamstow 1973–1981 Parties C: Conservative Party Ind: Independent Ind C: Unofficial Conservative L: Liberal Party Lab: Labour Party SDP: Social Democratic Party
```java /* * Use is subject to license terms, see path_to_url for details. / package com.haulmont.chile.core.datatypes; import java.text.ParseException; /* * Exception that can be thrown during value conversion in {@link Datatype}. */ public class ValueConversionException extends ParseException { public ValueConversionException(String message) { super(message, 0); } } ```
Caribou herds in Canada are discrete populations of seven subspecies that are represented in Canada. Caribou can be found from the High Arctic region south to the boreal forest and Rocky Mountains and from the east to the west coasts. Arctic peoples, including the Caribou Inuit, the inland-dwelling Inuit of the Kivalliq Region in northern Canada, the Caribou Clan in Yukon, the Iñupiat, the Inuvialuit, the Hän, the Northern Tutchone, and the Gwich'in, who followed the Porcupine caribou (also known as Grant's caribou) for millennia, have depended on caribou for food, clothing, and shelter. COSEWIC divided caribou ecotypes in Canada into 12 "designatable units" (DU), an adaptation of "evolutionarily significant units", for purposes of conservation and monitoring that, for the most part, follow previously named species and subspecies (see Caribou Subspecies below). They are: Peary DU1, Dolphin and Union DU2, Barren-Ground DU3, Eastern Migratory DU4, Newfoundland DU5, Boreal DU6, Northern Mountain DU7, Central Mountain DU8, Southern Mountain DU9, Torngat Mountains DU10, Atlantic-Gaspésie DU11, and the extinct Dawson's DU12. The responsibility for the management and monitoring of herds is often shared between Inuit, Métis, and First Nations communities, local hunter and trapper associations, territorial and provincial governments, and the federal government. Based on the most recent 10-year long assessment of caribou populations in Canada, every designated unit of caribou across the country, is in "some kind of danger." More than half of the DUs were endangered. In 2018, vast herds that used to be numbered in the millions, and were not in danger 15 years ago, are now threatened and scientists have recommended that the eastern migratory caribou be listed as endangered, "the highest level of threat". Caribou subspecies Current classification These subspecies are recognized internationally (before a recent revision; see below): In North America, R. t. caboti, R. t. caribou, R. t. dawsoni, R. t. groenlandicus, R. t. osborni, R. t. pearyi, and R. t. terranovae; and in Eurasia R. t. tarandus, R. t. buskensis (called R. t. valentinae in Europe; see below), R. t. phylarchus, R. t. pearsoni, R. t. sibiricus and R. t. platyrhynchus. Grant's caribou, originally R. granti Allen, was described as a small, pale form endemic to the west end of the Alaska Peninsula and nearby islands. It was later brought under Arctic caribou (Rangifer arcticus Richardson 1829) as R. a. granti with the same limited distribution. initially kept Allen's R. a. granti as restricted to the Alaska Peninsula and archipelago, but later extended it to all Alaskan caribou (except stonei, the montane ecotype) including the former R. ogilviensis (the Porcupine herd). But granti was never accepted internationally as a subspecies of barren-ground caribou, and Youngman (1975) assigned the Porcupine herd (and by inference, all four Alaskan tundra herds) to barren-ground caribou, R. t. groenlandicus. also synonymized stonei with subspecies of woodland caribou, R. t. caribou. 2022 revision Since 1986, nearly four decades of genetic analysis of Rangifer populations using nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have reported caribou and reindeer population genetics. They have revealed diversity at the species and subspecies level that was not recognized by taxonomic authorities since revisions in the mid-20th Century (see Reindeer: Taxonomy). Genetic data were brought together with morphological, ecological, behavioral and archaeological data, resulting in a new revision of Rangifer. Major changes for caribou in Canada were: (1) resurrection of previous names for Arctic and Woodland caribou; (2) woodland caribou diverged from other species of Rangifer not by isolation in the last glacial maximum (LGM) but deep in the Pleistocene about 357,000 years ago; (3) Canadian barren-ground caribou and Eurasian tundra reindeer, although both of recent (late Pleistocene) Beringian-Eurasian ancestry, clustered separately with genetic distance, private vs. shared haplotypes and alleles indicating they are distinct species; (4) the four western montane ecotypes in Canada and Alaska that had been subsumed under woodland caribou were found to be of Beringian-Eurasian ancestry, but distantly (they diverged > 60,000 years ago, before modern tundra reindeer/barren-ground caribou had evolved; see Reindeer: Evolution), (5) the extinct Dawson caribou is also of Beringian-Eurasian ancestry, (6) R. a. granti was rediscovered when specimens from the original, limited range were found to cluster genetically apart from all other Alaskan caribou, with no interbreeding with nearby ecotypes. (7) Stone's caribou, R. a. stonei, was confirmed as of Beringian-Eurasian ancestry, but clusters apart from osborni, granti, and arcticus; resulting in resurrection of this subspecies. The Porcupine caribou herd of barren-ground caribou, named for a river that flows from Yukon into Alaska, was originally named R. ogilviensis Millais, 1915 for its winter range in the Ogilvie mountains, but morphological and genetic analyses showed it to be nearly indistinguishable from other barren-ground caribou; after the revision, it reverted to R. arcticus arcticus. In the new taxonomy, nine subspecies of Rangifer are represented in Canada, most of which line up with COSEWIC's designatable units. Woodland caribou, R. caribou, has three subspecies: the nominate subspecies, boreal woodland caribou DU6, (R. c. caribou), Labrador caribou DU4, (R. c. caboti), and Newfoundland caribou DU5 (R. c. terraenovae). Arctic caribou, R. arcticus, has eight living subspecies and one extinct in Canada: the nominate subspecies, barren-ground caribou DU3, R. a. arcticus; Peary caribou DU1 (R. a. pearyi); Osborn's caribou "Northern Mountain" DU7, R. a. osborni; Rocky Mountain caribou "Central Mountain" DU8, R. a. fortidens; and Mountain caribou "Southern Mountain population of southern mountain caribou" DU9, R. a. montanus; and the extinct Dawson's caribou DU12 of Haida Gwaii, R. a. dawsoni. The Dolphin and Union "herd" DU2, is a unique and genetically distinct ecotype of barren-ground caribou, R. a. arcticus, that migrates from winter range on the Barrenlands across Dolphin and Union Strait; it should probably be a named subspecies of R. arcticus but has not been formally described. Likewise, the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou DU11 is genetically distinct enough for subspecies designation but has not been described. The Torngat Mountains caribou DU10 is a non-migratory ecotype of Labrador caribou, R. c. caboti. The above caribou names and those in following sections reflect a recent revision, but may not be in common use until international organizations adopt the new taxonomy. Four subspecies are found in Inuit Nunangat. For purposes of management and conservation, caribou populations are further divided into the boreal population in Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador which includes the George River caribou and the Leaf River caribou, the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou population in Quebec, the Dolphin-Union caribou in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, the barren-ground population in Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba which includes the large migratory herds such as the Ahiak herd, the Baffin Island herds, the Bathurst herd, the Beverly herd (Beverly Lake in western Nunavut), the Bluenose East herd (southwest of Kugluktuk), the Bluenose West herd, the Porcupine herd, the Qamanirjuaq herd, Lorillard herd, Wager Bay herd, Pen Islands herd, Cape Churchill herd, Southampton Island Herd, and Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Herd. Porcupine caribou herd, Bluenose west herd, and the Dolphin Union herd, the Central Mountain population in British Columbia and Alberta, the Southern Mountain population in British Columbia, the Eastern Migratory population of Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Torngat Mountains population of Nunavut, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, the Newfoundland population in Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northern Mountain population in Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia, Eastern Migratory in Newfoundland, Northern Mountain in British Columbia, Dolphin and Union, and Peary caribou. In the following sections, to avoid confusion, Latin name reflect the international consensus before the recent revision. Woodland caribou, R. t. caribou Boreal woodland The boreal forest of Canada is the vital habitat of the endangered subspecies, the boreal caribou. The survival of boreal caribou depends on maintaining "large unbroken swaths" of the forest to protect the animals from their predators. The boreal forest—which is not monolithic but a patchwork—sweeps through parts of all provinces and territories except Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. It covers approximately 25% of Canada's total landmass——and consists of "swamps, bogs, meadows, forests of different types — including hardwoods and conifers — and the rivers and lakes that tie them all together". It represents 75 per cent of the nation's forests. The boreal woodland caribou are half again the size (males average 180 kg, up to 272 kg) of barren-ground caribou (males average 110 kg, up to 153 kg) and smaller than the three western montane ecotypes. They have dark colored fur (only the Selkirk mountain caribou is darker) and their boreal forest habitat stretches from Newfoundland to British Columbia in an irregular distribution. Most boreal woodland caribou are not migratory. The Labrador caribou, which interbred in ancient times with barren-ground caribou, migrate long distances, while and the Torngat Mountains population of Nunavut, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou, move with the seasons to different elevations. In their August 2008 scientific review and, Environment Canada established that in order to monitor and manage the boreal caribou's recovery, they would use "local population range" as the "relevant spatial scale for the identification of critical habitat" because "habitat conditions within boreal caribou ranges affect their survival and reproduction." This includes the spatial configuration, quantity, quality of habitat that local population need to survive. In 2008, there were "57 recognized local populations or units of analysis for Boreal caribou in Canada." The 2008 report described three measurable criteria for monitoring caribou habitat population trend—Declining (D), Stable (S), Increasing (I) or Unknown (U), population size—Very Small, Small, or Above Critical, and range disturbance—Very Low, Low, Moderate, High or Very High. By 2018, the boreal woodland caribou (more broadly defined than now) had 51 herds Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou In Québec, the small herds of the Atlantic-Gaspésie woodland caribou in the Gaspésie's isolated "alpine habitats on mountain plateaus" are designated on SARA's Schedule 1 as endangered with fewer than 120 adults in 2014 with an anticipated date of extinction of 2056. They were once widespread with a habitat that spanned New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Their numbers decreased with development including forest management models that increased the populations of their predators like the Eastern Coyote and black bear. Labrador caribou (R. t. caboti) Labrador ("Eastern migratory") caribou herds include four subpopulations such as the George River herd. The George River caribou are one of four subpopulations of Labrador caribou in northern Canada. The herd’s range extends through Labrador and Northern Quebec (Labrador Woodland Caribou Recovery Team, 2004).The George River caribou and the Leaf River caribou, R. t. caboti, migrate between forest and tundra. In southern Labrador and northeastern Quebec, the range of three herds of the sedentary boreal woodland caribou, R. t. caribou, the Lac Joseph herd (LJH) , the Red Wine Mountains herd (RWMH) , and the Mealy Mountains herd (MMH) is bounded on the north by the George River herd. In the winter the multiple herds intermingle when the George River herd enters the outer portions of the sedentary caribou ranges. The Lac Joseph-Atikonak Lake area is as a major calving and summering area for the Lac Joseph Woodland Caribou herd. Newfoundland caribou, R. t. terraenovae The population has fluctuated markedly. In 1975 the total was estimated at 22,818; it peaked in 1996 at 93,737 and in 2013 was down to 31,981. In 2014, COSEWIC assessed the status of Newfoundland caribou as Special Concern. Barren-ground caribou, R. t. groenlandicus The most abundant caribou with are the migratory barren-ground caribou which consist of huge herds that migrate annually to and from their natal grounds taking routes that are usually predictable. Barren-ground caribou are "slightly larger and darker". In Canada, major barren-ground herds include the Porcupine caribou herd, Cape Bathurst herd, Bluenose West herd, Bluenose east herd, Bathurst herd, Ahiak herd, and the Dolphin-Union herd. Alaska has four herds of barren-ground caribou. Because they migrate to the tundra, both the Leaf River herd and George River herd have sometimes been included with the barren-ground caribou, but genetic and other data show them to be woodland caribou that acquired some barren-ground caribou genes early in the Holocene (see Reindeer: Taxonomy). Bluenose East-Bathurst caribou The Bluenose East-Bathurst caribou, (southwest of Kugluktuk), are cross-border caribou herds, with migrations that bring them into both Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. In 2016, the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board with the endorsement of the Government of Nunavut developed a "community-based caribou plan" for Kugluktuk that limited harvest to 340 caribou. In 2019, government representatives from Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, Kugluktuk MLA Mila Kamingoak, biologists from the Nunavut and N.W.T., representatives from N.W.T. First Nations groups, Nunavut hunters and trappers organizations including Kugluktuk Hunters and Trappers Organization (HTO) worked together to improve management of the Bluenose East-Bathurst caribou herds. In 2016, although both Nunavut and N.W.T. governments opposed mining exploration on Bluenose East caribou calving grounds, the project went ahead. Gwich’in in the Northwest Territories have hunted Bluenose East and Bluenose West barren-ground caribou (R. t. granti) herds and the Porcupine caribou herds (R. t. groenlandicus) from time immemorial. The word for caribou in the Gwich’in language, which is part of an Athabaskan language, is tradivadzaih. Bathurst herd The range of the Bathurst caribou herd range "extends straight north from the northern edge of Saskatchewan to the Arctic coast and eastward across the north side of Great Slave Lake. The Bathurst caribou herd has suffered a dramatic decline from a record number of about 470,000 in the mid-1980s to only 8,200 in 2018. By 2003 there were 186,000 and by 2009 there were 32,000. As a result, the Government of Northwest Territories (GNWT) imposed a hunting ban for resident and outfitter hunters in 2010. The people of Wekweètì were still allowed to hunt a total of 150 animals, until the winter of 2015 when GNWT imposed a total hunting ban for all hunters. As the population continued to decline, the Tłı̨chǫ Government responded by introducing its own ban on hunting the Bathurst herd in October 2015. Caribou hunting is an important channel for the practice of Tłı̨chǫ culture and way of life on the land. The ban on hunting has created much hardship for families who usually rely on caribou as the main food source. Now they need to rely on the monetary system and financial support to buy store bought food." "Between 2015 and 2018, the number of breeding cows dropped by almost 40 per cent to about 3,000 animals." In a February 2018 Science Advances journal, concerns were raised about the decline of the Bathurst caribou herd caused by disturbance of "key parts" of their range as governments of the Yukon and Northwest Territories have been opening access "for mining exploration and development" since the early 1990s. The mineral exploration "led to the loss and degradation of key habitat for caribou" which has exacerbated the herd's decline. Researchers described the policies that explicitly support private mining interests at the "expense of Indigenous cultures and livelihoods", as a tragedy of "open access". It is "unfolding particularly in the Bathurst caribou range, where caribou numbers are at critically low levels and mining activity has boomed since the early 1990s." In 2019, the governments of Canada and the Northwest Territories pledged $61 million towards the construction of a 640 kilometre-long road "connecting Yellowknife to the Arctic Coast to open up mining in the Arctic". The road which cuts through thawing permafrost and the calving grounds of the Bathurst caribou herd, will benefit the Chinese state-controlled mining company—MMG Limited. Dolphin-Union caribou Main article: Dolphin-Union caribou According to the official Canadian government site, the Dolphin-Union caribou are unique and while they partially resemble the Peary Caribou, genetically they are Barren-ground Caribou (see Reindeer: Taxonomy). Porcupine Caribou Herd (PCH) Main article: Porcupine Caribou. The Porcupine Caribou herd (PCH)—formerly R. ogilviensis, now considered a herd of barren-ground caribou, R. t. groenlandicus—in northwest Canada and northeast Alaska migrate annually from their winter range in the boreal forests of Alaska and Yukon northwest Canada over the mountains boreal forests to their calving grounds on the Porcupine River coastal plain on the Beaufort Sea. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) draft 2018 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) said that in order to reduce the vulnerability of the Porcupine Caribou Herd (PCH) and Central Arctic Herds (CAH) adaptive mitigation had to be undertaken in "[a]ll lands in the Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain are recognized as habitat of the PCH and CAH and would be managed to ensure unhindered movement of caribou through the area." Caribou calves are born in the first week of June and they are at their most vulnerable from their primary predators on the calving ground – golden eagles, grizzly bears and wolves – during the first three weeks when they are dependent on milk from their mothers. About one quarter of them die during this period. In February 2019, veteran researchers Don Russell and Anne Gunn, submitted their commissioned report to the Governments of Canada, Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories—signatories to the 1987 International Treaty for the Porcupine herd. They undertook a "science-based risk assessment for how vulnerable the Porcupine Caribou herd (PCH)" is to the proposed oil and gas development of 1002 lands (Coastal Region) in the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge." Porcupine caribou's annual land migration between their winter range in the boreal forests of Alaska and northwest Canada over the mountains to the coastal plain and their calving grounds on the Beaufort Sea coastal plain, is the longest of any land mammal on earth. In 2019, the herd size was 218,000 compared 100,000 in the early 1970s. The Porcupine herd has "supported people for thousands of years as well as being a key driver in the mountain and coastal arctic food web". The herd's annual range is contained within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, established in 1980 by the US Congress. The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) included Section 1002 which "identified a need to assess the oil and gas potential as well as the wildlife values". The 1.57 million acres Coastal Plain had not been included in the ANWR's wilderness designation. In this report we refer to the area covered by Section 1002 of ANILCA as “1002” lands. Peary caribou (R. t. pearyi) The smallest North American caribou are the Peary caribou (R. a. pearyi after a recent revision; formerly R. t. pearyi) that live on the Canadian High Arctic archipelago islands. Their fur is the lightest colour. Habitat suitable for their survival is very limited. The estimated population of the Peary caribou was about 13,000 adults in 2016, according to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, or COSEWIC." Southampton Island Caribou Southampton Island caribou are barren-ground caribou, Rangifer t. groenlandicus. Like Coats Island caribou, they have no predators on the island. In January 2012, a Government of Nunavut's wildlife biologist, Mitch Campbell, said that the Southampton Island Caribou, on the island at the mouth of Hudson Bay, was threatened with disease and overhunting. Southampton Island caribou numbers "declined from about 30,000 caribou in 1997 to 7,800 caribou in 2011, representing a drop of almost 75%." In July 2012, the Government of Nunavut set an "annual harvest limit of 1,000 caribou" in response to an urgent request from the Coral Harbour Hunters and Trappers Organization (HTO). The hunt has become unsustainable as orders for caribou from the island was being flown as country food to places like Iqaluit. After being hunted to extinction in the 1950s, the herd was "re-established when 50 animals were transplanted there in 1968." Mountain caribou Selkirk Mountain caribou, considered an ecotype of woodland caribou, R. tarandus caribou, comprised 11 local populations in the Selkirk, Monashee and Purcell Ranges of the Columbia Mountain, six of which (South Selkirk, South Purcell, Central Purcell, South Monashee, Kinbasket and Mount Robson) are now extirpated. It is Designated Unit (DU) 9 in COSEWIC assignment of ecotypes. It is listed here under barren-ground caribou because extensive genetic research confirms its Beringian-Eurasian lineage, but distantly, having diverged > 60,000 years ago. The cross boundary South Selkirk mountain caribou, of distant Beringian-Eurasian lineage (see above), had roamed the southern end of the Selkirk Mountains crossing the border between British Columbia, Canada and northern Idaho, eastern Washington, in the United States. They were the last naturally occurring caribou herd in the contiguous United States. In 2009 the herd of 50 animals was declining, by April 2018, only three remained, According to David Moskovitz, author of Caribou Rainforest: From Heartbreak to Hope in 2019, the "last member of the last herd to regularly cross into the lower 48 states from Canada", a female, was moved in January 2019, a captive rearing pen near Revelstoke. By 2019, the South Selkirk herd was extirpated (locally extinct). Meanwhile, the Revelstoke maternity pen, beset with adult and calf mortality, was closed the same year and remaining animals moved to another temporary holding facility. In British Columbia "Herd plans are currently being developed for each of the 54 herds in B.C." These plans include local populations of Selkirk Mountain caribou, Rocky Mountain caribou and Osborn's caribou. Three related western montane ecotypes that have been found to be of the Beringian-Eurasian lineage are Stone's caribou of Alaska and just into south-eastern Yukon; Osborn's caribou of northern British Columbia and southern Yukon (DU7 in COSEWIC parlance); and Rocky Mountain caribou of the east slope of the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and Alberta (DU8) (originally described as R. fortidens Hollister, 1912). Dawson's caribou of Haida Gwaii was also of the Beringian-Eurasian lineage. These were all formerly considered ecotypes of woodland caribou, R. tarandus caribou. Herds For purposes of management and monitoring, caribou are subdivided into discrete herds/populations and/or designated units. In a 2011 article entitled, "Northern caribou population trends in Canada", researchers listed herds/populations including 35 northern caribou herds across the Canadian Arctic. Names in the following table reflect the international consensus before the recent revision. The Baffin Island caribou are so different genetically and ecologically that they may qualify as a distinct subspecies of barren-ground caribou, but have not been formally described as such (see Reindeer: Evolution and Reindeer: Taxonomy. + Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), Northwest Territories (NT) Caribou management and conservation Caribou are included on the Minister of the Environment's List of Wildlife Species at Risk which federally recognizes species with designations ranging from of special concern, threatened, endangered, extirpated, to extinct under Schedule I of the Species at Risk Act (SARA). The list is update annually based on assessments by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) experts and scientists. Caribou populations that are on Schedule 1 and are listed as threatened include the Boreal population in Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador. Caribou herds that are listed as endangered and are included on Schedule 1 include the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou population in Quebec and the Dolphin and Union population in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The Barren-ground population in Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba are listed as threatened but are not included on Schedule 1. Central Mountain population in British Columbia and Alberta, the Southern Mountain population in British Columbia, the Eastern Migratory population of Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Torngat Mountains population of Nunavut, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador are listed as endangered but are not included on Schedule 1. The Newfoundland population in Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northern Mountain population in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia are listed as Special Concern and are not included on Schedule 1. Dawson's caribou, Rangifer tarandus dawsoni, of British Columbia is extinct. The April 2018 report by the Auditor General of Canada there are 51 herds of the boreal woodland caribou with 37 of them in decline. What was once the largest caribou herd in the world with 800,000–900,000 animals, the George River caribou herd (GRCH) in the Ungava Peninsula of Quebec and Labrador in eastern Canada, had declined to 14, 2000 animals by 2014. By 2011, the Leaf River Herd (LRH) (Rivière-aux-Feuilles) herd decreased to 430,000 caribou in 2011 and could be threatened with extinction by 2080. In 2018, the Nunatsiavut government asked Newfoundland-Labrador not to classify the George River and Torngat Mountains caribou herds as endangered because Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) used outdated data on the size of the herds. In a 2018 article, Canadian Geographic listed the declining populations across Canada. These included the Eastern Migratory caribou declining from 1,100,000 to 225,000 and listed as endangered, Newfoundland populations declining from 100,000 to 32,000 listed as special concern, boreal woodland caribou declining at 33,000 listed as threatened, barren ground caribou declining from 2,000,000 to 300,000 listed as threatened, Atlantic-Gaspesie caribou declined from 1,500 to 130 listed as endangered, Torngat Mountains caribou declining from 5,000 to 1,400 listed as endangered, Central mountain declining from 1,300 to 500 listed as endangered, Southern mountain declined from 2,500 to 1,400 listed as endangered, Northern Mountain caribou declining from 48,000 to 43, 000 listed as special concern, Dolphin and Union declining from 100,000 to 20, 000 listed as endangered, and Peary caribou declining from 50,000 to 13,700 listed as threatened. Designated units for conservation and monitoring Names follow international convention prior to the recent revision. For conservation reasons, caribou populations have been also divided into eleven subsets "designatable units" (DU), which include Barren-Ground, Eastern Migratory, Northern Mountain, Boreal, Newfoundland, Dolphin and Union, Peary, Torngat Mountains, Southern Mountain, Central Mountain Current, Atlantic-Gaspésie. These for the most part line up with previously named subspecies (see Reindeer: Taxonomy). According to conservation biologist Justina Ray at Wildlife Conservation Society Canada (WCSC), who was a co-leader of a 10-year long study on how these "designatable units" (DU) of caribou should be listed" under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA), the "change in the caribou's fortunes" is "profoundly worrying" since the last assessment was made in 2004. Based on data collected between 2014 and 2017, Barren-Ground DU (R. t groenlandicus) had declined to about 800,000 animals from the highest estimate of 2,000, 000; the Eastern Migratory DU (R. t. caboti) had declined to c. 225,000 from c. 1,100,000 at its highest; Northern Mountain DU (R. t. osborni), had declined to c.43,000 from c. 48,000, Boreal DU (R. t. caribou, which at that time included the western montane ecotypes that are now recognized as of Beringean-Eurasian lineage, was currently at c. 33,000 animals; Newfoundland DU (R. t. terranovae) had declined to c.32,000 from c. 100,000, Dolphin and Union DU herd of barren-ground caribou declined to c. 20,000 from possibly up to 100,000; Peary DU declined to c. 13,700 from c. 50, 000; Torngat Mountains DU decreased to c. 1,400 from to c.5,000, Southern Mountain DU declined to c. 1,400 from c.2,500; Central Mountain DU declined to c. 500 from c. 1,300; Atlantic-Gaspésie DU declined to c. 130 from c. 1,500. The 2018 assessment was undertaken by an independent body that advises the Government of Canada on the status of endangered wildlife. Ray said that the "conclusions startle even those of us who have been paying a lot of attention." Caribou researchers gathered in Ottawa in October 2018 at a government-sponsored meeting. Most alarming to scientists is the threat to the "vast herds" of Arctic barren-ground caribou and the Hudson Bay "eastern migratory herds" that were not "considered in trouble 15 years ago". By 2018, the researchers recommended that the government list barren-ground caribou as threatened and the eastern migratory caribou as endangered, "the highest level of threat". Migrations Woodland and barren-ground migratory caribou herds usually return to the calving grounds of the females in the herd and are often named after these areas. This is referred to female natal philopatry or natal homing. Examples include the George River caribou herd (GRCH), Leaf River caribou herd (LRCH), Porcupine caribou, R. t. groenlandicus (formerly R. ogilviensis Millais 1915). Common indigenous names for caribou Common indigenous names for caribou are Tuktu (Inuvialuit); Qalipu/Xalibu (Mi’kmaq); Minunasawa atikw (Innu); Ahtik/Atik (Cree); Tǫdzi (Tłįchǫ); T’onzi/Tohzi (North Slavey); Vadzaih (Gwichin); Ch’atthaii (Vuntut Gwichin). Notes References Arctic land animals Mammals of the Arctic
Yokoji Zen Mountain Center is a year-round Zen Buddhist training and retreat center located in the San Jacinto Mountains of Southern California. It is a 160 acres (65 hectares) of sacred Native American land and wilderness. Founded 1981 by Taizan Maezumi, Roshi as a summer retreat center for the Zen Center of Los Angeles. Charles Tenshin Fletcher, Roshi who received Dharma transmission from Taizan Maezumi in the White Plum Zen Lineage is the teacher and abbot. His successor, David Jokai Blackwell, serves as vice-abbot. When Yokoji Zen Mountain Center was founded, the formal name of the temple was Dounzan Yokoji. Doun refers to the honorary founder, Shiomi Doun, Roshi; Zan means mountain; and Yokoji means sunlight temple. Commonly the center was known by the name of Zen Mountain Center and in 2006 it returned to the lineage root name, Yokoji Zen Mountain Center to prevent confusion with other Zen centers. Yokoji Zen Mountain Center is open to people in all spiritual traditions and walks of life. The center has full-time residential training programs, as well as regularly scheduled silent meditation retreats (sesshin). Home practice is also supported by coming to the center for periods of intensive practice as well and local practice with one of the affiliated sitting groups. Affiliated sitting groups are located in: Los Angeles, California Pasadena, California Long Beach, California Boca Raton, Florida Mexico City, Mexico Liverpool, England Wellington, New Zealand Mendoza, Argentina The buildings and grounds of the center were developed with ecological principles in concept and construction. It is an alternative power community and serves as the ecological model for the EarthWitness Foundation. Gallery See also Buddhism in the United States Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States References External links Yokoji Zen Mountain Center (http://zmc.org) White Plum Asanga Zen centers in California Buddhist temples in California Religious buildings and structures in Riverside County, California
The Polonus Philatelic Society is a society of stamp collectors who specialize in the postage stamps and postal history of Poland. Location The members of the Polonus Philatelic Society are located throughout the USA and in several foreign countries. The society may be contacted via mail sent to: Polonus Philatelic Society, P.O. Box 60438, Rossford, Ohio, 43460-0438. Charter The Polonus Philatelic Society is a 501 (c)(3)not-for-profit organization incorporated in 1939 in the state of Illinois. The Society is organized exclusively for educational purposes with the objective of promoting Polish philately through the dissemination of information in the English language. Polish philately The society’s interests cover all aspects of Polish postage stamps and stamped covers. Study groups Current study groups within the society center on: POW Camps DP/Intern Camps Aero-Philately Cinderellas and Labels World War I Quarterly bulletin The society issues a quarterly “Bulletin of the Polonus Philatelic Society” in the English language. See also Fischer catalog Postage stamps and postal history of Poland Polonus Philatelic Society Philatelic organizations based in the United States Philately of Poland
Sarah Marshall Hayden ( – ) was an American author. She was the first female novelist from Illinois. Sarah Marshall Hayden was born on in Shawneetown, Illinois, the daughter of John Marshall, lawyer and member of the Illinois General Assembly. His house was recreated as the John Marshall House Museum. She was educated at Edgewood Seminary in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. In 1843 she married Judge John James Hayden. Hayden wrote her first novel at the age of sixteen. It was not published until 1854, when it was published along with its sequel as Early Engagements and Florence (A Sequel) under the pseudonym Mary Frazaer. The story is about Florence, a Southern belle who falls in love with an unambitious minister. John Marshall enlisted the aid of fellow Illinois politician Abraham Lincoln to distribute some copies of the book. Lincoln read a copy of it to his wife Mary Todd Lincoln. In 1901, John Hayden published a manuscript of a novel she wrote forty years earlier, Mr. Langdon's Mistake. Sarah Hayden also wrote poems, short stories, and articles for numerous publications, including the poem "Going Home", on the death of her son killed in action during the American Civil War. Sarah Marshall Hayden died on 19 November 1899 in Washington, D.C.. Bibliography Early Engagements and Florence (A Sequel) Cincinnati, 1854. Mr. Langdon's Mistake. Washington, 1901. References Created via preloaddraft 1825 births 1899 deaths American women novelists Writers from Illinois People from Shawneetown, Illinois
William Scott (born 8 February 1952) is an Australian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 10,000 metres at the 1980 Summer Olympics. References 1952 births Living people Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics Australian male long-distance runners Olympic athletes for Australia Place of birth missing (living people)
John Brian Taylor (born December 8, 1946) is the Mary and Robert Raymond Professor of Economics at Stanford University, and the George P. Shultz Senior Fellow in Economics at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He taught at Columbia University from 1973 to 1980 and the Woodrow Wilson School and Economics Department of Princeton University from 1980 to 1984 before returning to Stanford. He has received several teaching prizes and teaches Stanford's introductory economics course as well as PhD courses in monetary economics. In research published in 1979 and 1980 he developed a model of price and wage setting—called the staggered contract model—which served as an underpinning of a new class of empirical models with rational expectations and sticky prices—sometimes called new Keynesian models. In a 1993 paper he proposed the Taylor rule, intended as a recommendation about how nominal interest rates should be determined, which then became a rough summary of how central banks actually do set them. He has been active in public policy, serving as the Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs during the first term of the George W. Bush Administration. His book Global Financial Warriors chronicles this period. He was a member of the President's Council of Economic Advisors during the George H. W. Bush Administration and Senior Economist at the Council of Economic Advisors during the Ford and Carter Administrations. In 2012 he was included in the 50 Most Influential list of Bloomberg Markets Magazine. Thomson Reuters lists Taylor among the "citation laureates" who are likely future winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics. He was president of the Mont Pelerin Society from 2018 to 2020. Early life and education Born in Yonkers, New York, Taylor graduated from Shady Side Academy and earned his AB in economics from Princeton University in 1968 after completing a senior thesis titled "Fiscal and Monetary Stabilization Policies in a Model of Cyclical Growth". He then earned his PhD in economics from Stanford University in 1973. Academic contributions Taylor's research—including the staggered contract model, the Taylor rule, and the construction of a policy tradeoff (Taylor) curve employing empirical rational expectations models—has had a major impact on economic theory and policy. Former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke has said that Taylor's “influence on monetary theory and policy has been profound,” and Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen has noted that Taylor's work “has affected the way policymakers and economists analyze the economy and approach monetary policy." Taylor contributed to the development of mathematical methods for solving macroeconomic models under the assumption of rational expectations, including in a 1975 Journal of Political Economy paper, in which he showed how gradual learning could be incorporated in models with rational expectations; a 1979 Econometrica paper in which he presented one of the first econometric models with overlapping price setting and rational expectations, which he later expanded into a large multicountry model in a 1993 book Macroeconomic Policy in a World Economy, and a 1983 Econometrica paper, in which he developed with Ray Fair the first algorithm to solve large-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models which became part of popular solution programs such as Dynare and EViews. In 1977, Taylor and Edmund Phelps, simultaneously with Stanley Fischer, showed that monetary policy is useful for stabilizing the economy if prices or wages are sticky, even when all workers and firms have rational expectations. This demonstrated that some of the earlier insights of Keynesian economics remained true under rational expectations. This was important because Thomas Sargent and Neil Wallace had argued that rational expectations would make macroeconomic policy useless for stabilization; the results of Taylor, Phelps, and Fischer showed that Sargent and Wallace's crucial assumption was not rational expectations, but perfectly flexible prices. These research projects together could considerably deepen our understanding of the limits of the policy-ineffectiveness proposition. Taylor then developed the staggered contract model of overlapping wage and price setting, which became one of the building blocks of the New Keynesian macroeconomics that rebuilt much of the traditional macromodel on rational expectations microfoundations. Taylor's research on monetary policy rules traces back to his undergraduate studies at Princeton. He went on in the 1970s and 1980s to explore what types of monetary policy rules would most effectively reduce the social costs of inflation and business cycle fluctuations: should central banks try to control the money supply, the price level, or the interest rate; and should these instruments react to changes in output, unemployment, asset prices, or inflation rates? He showed that there was a tradeoff—later called the Taylor curve—between the volatility of inflation and that of output. Taylor's 1993 paper in the Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy proposed that a simple and effective central bank policy would manipulate short-term interest rates, raising rates to cool the economy whenever inflation or output growth becomes excessive, and lowering rates when either one falls too low. Taylor's interest rate equation has come to be known as the Taylor rule, and it is now widely accepted as an effective formula for monetary decision making. A key stipulation of the Taylor rule, sometimes called the Taylor principle, is that the nominal interest rate should increase by more than one percentage point for each one-percent rise in inflation. Some empirical estimates indicate that many central banks today act approximately as the Taylor rule prescribes, but violated the Taylor principle during the inflationary spiral of the 1970s. Recent research Taylor's recent research has been on the financial crisis that began in 2007 and the world economic recession. He finds that the crisis was primarily caused by flawed macroeconomic policies from the U.S. government and other governments. Particularly, he focuses on the Federal Reserve which, under Alan Greenspan, a personal friend of Taylor, created "monetary excesses" in which interest rates were kept too low for too long, which then directly led to the housing boom in his opinion. He also believes that Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae spurred on the boom and that the crisis was misdiagnosed as a liquidity rather than a credit risk problem. He wrote that, "government actions and interventions, not any inherent failure or instability of the private economy, caused, prolonged, and worsen the crisis." Taylor's research has also examined the impact of fiscal policy in the recent recession. In November 2008, writing for The Wall Street Journal opinion section, he recommended four measures to fight the economic downturn: (a) permanently keeping all income tax rates the same, (b) permanently creating a worker's tax credit equal to 6.2 percent of wages up to $8,000, (c) incorporating "automatic stabilizers" as part of overall fiscal plans, and (d) enacting a short-term stimulus plan that also meets long-term objectives against waste and inefficiency. He stated that merely temporary tax cuts would not serve as a good policy tool. His research with John Cogan, Tobias Cwik, and Volcker Wieland showed that the multiplier is much smaller in new Keynesian than in old Keynesian models, a result that was confirmed by researchers at central banks. He evaluated the 2008 and 2009 stimulus packages and argued that they were not effective in stimulating the economy. In a June 2011 interview on Bloomberg Television, Taylor stressed the importance of long term fiscal reform that sets the U.S. federal budget on a path towards being balanced. He cautioned that the Fed should move away from quantitative easing measures and keep to a more static, stable monetary policy. He also criticized fellow economist Paul Krugman's advocacy of additional stimulus programs from Congress, which Taylor said will not help in the long run. In his 2012 book First Principles: Five Keys to Restoring America’s Prosperity, he endeavors to explain why these reforms are part of a broader set of principles of economic freedom. Selected publications Reprinted in Pdf. Taylor, John B. (1986), 'New econometric approaches to stabilization policy in stochastic models of macroeconomic fluctuations'. Ch. 34 of Handbook of Econometrics, vol. 3, Z. Griliches and M.D. Intriligator, eds. Elsevier Science Publishers. Pdf. See also Members of the Hoover Institution Members of Stanford University's Economics Department Further reading PDF. References External links Taylor's Official Web Site Taylor's blog Stanford Economics Faculty Profile Conference to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Taylor rule proposal Fed Conference on John Taylor’s Contributions to Monetary Theory and Policy 1946 births Economists from New York (state) Fellows of the Econometric Society George W. Bush administration personnel Hoover Institution people Living people Monetary economists New Keynesian economists People from Yonkers, New York Princeton University alumni Shady Side Academy alumni Stanford University alumni Stanford University Department of Economics faculty Columbia University faculty United States Department of the Treasury officials Mackinac Center for Public Policy 21st-century American economists United States Council of Economic Advisers Member of the Mont Pelerin Society Fellows of the American Physical Society
The House of Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: , / ) is the Serbian noble family that ruled Montenegro from 1697 to 1916. Montenegro was ruled from its inception by vladikas (prince-bishops) since 1516, who had a dual temporal and spiritual role. In 1697, the office was made hereditary in the Petrović-Njegoš family. However, since Orthodox bishops are required to be celibate, the crown passed from uncle to nephew. In 1852, Prince-Bishop Danilo II opted to marry and to secularize Montenegro, becoming Prince Danilo I. His successor, Nikola I, raised Montenegro to a kingdom in 1910. In 1916, King Nikola I was ousted by the invasion and occupation of his country by Austria-Hungary. He was formally deposed by the Podgorica Assembly in 1918 and the country merged with Kingdom of Serbia and shortly thereafter merged again with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. A period of eighty years of control from Belgrade followed, during which time Nikola I died in exile in France in 1921, followed shortly afterwards by the surprise abdication of his son and heir, Danilo III, the same year. The latter's nephew, Michael Petrović-Njegoš, inherited the titles of his predecessors whilst in exile in France, and he survived arrest and internment by order of Adolf Hitler for refusing to head up a puppet Montenegrin state aligned to the Axis Powers. Later, he served the SFR Yugoslavia as Head of Protocol. He was succeeded by his son Nicholas Petrović-Njegoš in 1986. Nicholas returned to Montenegro to support the Montenegrin independence movement that went on to achieve full sovereignty in the 2006 referendum. In 2011, Montenegro recognized an official role for the Royal House of Petrović-Njegoš in Montenegro: to promote Montenegrin identity, culture and traditions through cultural, humanitarian and other non-political activities, which has been interpreted as a "creeping restoration" of the monarchy. The present head of the house is Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro. History Origin "Bogut" or "Boguta" is believed to be the oldest known ancestor of the Petrović-Njegoš family. Bogut was alive at the time of the Battle of Velbazhd (1330) and the building of Visoki Dečani, and perhaps into the 1340s. According to tradition, and recorded by some historians, the ancestors of the Petrović family settled in Muževice at the end of the 14th century, from the Bosnia region, from the area of Zenica or Travnik. It is possible that Bogut at that time had moved to Drobnjaci with his son, Đurađ. Đurađ or some of his sons were in the entourage of Marko Drago, an affluent Serbian nobleman who had served Serbian lord Vuk Branković (1345-1397), and as such they are believed to have also served the Branković family. Đurađ and his five sons "from Drobnjaci" are mentioned in a document dating March 1, 1399, in which they gave several items to the depository of Dapko Vasilijev, an affluent Kotoran nobleman. Modern role On the 12 July 2011 the Parliament of Montenegro adopted the Law on the Status of the Descendants of the Petrović Njegoš Dynasty. The law "regulates the important issues regarding the status of the descendants of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty, for the historical and moral rehabilitation of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty for whom their dethroning was contrary to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Montenegro, a violent act of annexation in the year 1918." (Article 1). The law recognises the descendants of King Nikola I in the male line and their wives as the descendants of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty (Article 2), and appoints the eldest male heir, namely Prince Nikola II, as the representative of the dynasty (Article 5). It also affirms the House law of the dynasty by defining the succession to the headship of the dynasty as being passed down through the "male heir of the oldest male heir" (Article 5). The law protects the use of the heraldic symbols of the dynasty by the representative of the dynasty, Prince Nikola II (Article 6). Article 8 allows for members of the dynasty to obtain Montenegrin citizenship and also to be dual-nationals of other nations without losing their Montenegrin citizenship. This is of particular relevance today as all of the members of the dynasty also hold French citizenship. The law also creates the non-political (Article 10) Petrović-Njegoš Foundation (Article 9), an organisation chaired by Prince Nikola II (Article 10), with its aim to "affirm the Montenegrin culture and participation in humanitarian and development activities in the interest of Montenegro and its traditions" (Article 9). From Montenegro's exchequer, the law allocates 4.3 million euros over a seven-year period to the Petrović-Njegoš Foundation (Article 11). In addition, Prince Nikola II is entitled to a monthly income equivalent to the gross monthly earnings of the President of Montenegro (Article 16). The Petrovic-Njegoš Foundation has its seat in Montenegro. "The Descendants of the dynasty are given the continuous use of the house of King Nikola I of Montenegro in Njeguši...its gardens...and meadow-land." "Descendants of the dynasty will have built for them a family home in Cetinje...and be given an apartment in Podgorica" (Article 12). To carry out their official functions Prince Nikola II has the right to use State objects and resources and "the exclusive right of use of the first storey" of the Petrović Palace (Dvorac Petrovića) in Podgorica, "and when protocol requires, use of the ground floor with priority over other users" (Article 13). The law allows for Prince Nikola II to act as a representative of the Government of Montenegro and perform other protocolar and non-political functions (Article 7). The first such undertaking was made by the Prince in July 2011 when he represented the Prime Minister of Montenegro, Igor Lukšić, at the requiem of Otto von Habsburg, former Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary. When performing functions on behalf of the Government, Prince Nikola II and the other members of the dynasty are afforded full State protocol (Article 15). Heads of the House of Petrović-Njegoš (1696–present) Prince-Bishops of Montenegro (1697–1852) Princes of Montenegro (1852–1910) King of Montenegro (1910–1918) Heads of the house since 1918 Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (26 November 1918 – 1 March 1921) Danilo Petrović-Njegoš (1 March 1921 – 7 March 1921) Mihajlo Petrović-Njegoš (7 March 1921 – 24 March 1986) Nikola Petrović-Njegoš (24 March 1986 – present) Boris, Hereditary Prince of Montenegro (born 1980), the Grand Voivode of Grahovo and Zeta Male descendants of Nicholas I The list below includes male members of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty. Bold denotes the current head of the House. Nicholas I of Montenegro (1841–1921) Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro (1872–1939) Prince Mirko (1879–1918) Prince Stephan (1903–1908) Prince Stanislaw (1905–1908) Prince Michael (1908–1986) Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro (born 1944) Boris, Hereditary Prince of Montenegro (born 1980) Prince Paul (1910–1933) Prince Emmanuel (1912–1928). Prince Peter (1889–1932) See also The Petrović-Njegoš family tree References Nikola and Milena, King and Queen of the Black Mountain, The Rise and Fall of Montenegro's Royal Family by Marco Houston External links The Njegoskij Fund Public Project Private family archives-based digital documentary fund, focused on history and culture of Royal Montenegro Official website of the Royal House of Montenegro Montenegrin nobility Principality of Montenegro Kingdom of Montenegro Montenegrin royalty
The golden point, a sudden death overtime system, is used to resolve drawn matches in a number of sports. The term is borrowed from soccer's now-defunct golden goal. Rugby league Australia The golden point is used to determine a winner (where applicable, see below) when scores are level at the end of regular time. Before its introduction in Australia's National Rugby League competition, normal season games were left as draws; in finals matches, 20 minutes extra time ensued (10 minutes each way), with a replay in the event of a draw. If the scores are level at the end of 80 minutes, 5 minutes are played, the teams swap ends with no break, and a further 5 minutes are played. Any score (try, penalty goal, or field goal) in this 10 minute period secures a win for the scoring team, and the game ends at that point. If the scoring event is a try, no conversion is attempted. If no scoring occurs in the 10-minute period, the game is drawn, and each team receives one competition point. After the 2015 grand final was decided in golden point via a field goal by North Queensland Cowboys halfback Johnathan Thurston, a change was made for finals matches only. Golden point in finals fixtures would now only be applied if scores are level after 10 minutes of extra time (five minutes each way). It was announced at the beginning of the 1996 Australian Rugby League finals that the system, then termed a "shootout", would be employed for finals series matches. It was further experimented with in the 1997 split season's Super League Tri-series, the golden point rule has been used by the National Rugby League (NRL) since the 2003 NRL season, and also by the ARL for State of Origin series games, as 1-all draws in the 1999 and 2002 had left the series undecided. The first golden point in State of Origin was scored in the 2004 series, when Shaun Timmins kicked a field goal for NSW to win the opening match of that series 9-8. In the opening match of the 2005 State of Origin series, a Brett Kimmorley (NSW) pass was intercepted by Matthew Bowen (QLD) in the 83rd minute to give Queensland Game One. In 2012, the golden point's merits were again being debated when Australian rugby league broadcaster, the Nine Network's director of sport said "there is a definite spike in the viewing audience when there is golden point. I can't give the figures, but they're significant." Great Britain The Challenge Cup, Great Britain's most prestigious knock-out tournament, operates under the golden point rule and also follows the NRL Finals system. One extra half of five minutes is played, and should neither team have scored any more points in that time, a second period commences until one of the teams scores again, thus winning the game. This does not happen in the final. If the final is drawn then the teams have a replay at a neutral ground. This was first applied in 2009, when the Castleford Tigers defeated Halifax in extra time during the fifth round of the competition. Brent Sherwin kicked a drop goal in the 82nd minute to advance Castleford to the quarterfinals. The second being Warringtons stand off Lee Briers kicking a drop goal to see them through to the Semi Finals against Hull KR. The rule was used for a third time in the 2014 competition when Rangi Chase scored a drop goal in the 83rd minute to send Salford City Reds through 37-36 at Hull F.C. in the third round. The Million Pound Game between Salford City Reds and Hull Kingston Rovers on 1 October 2016 was decided by a Golden Point - for Salford - after the 80 minutes ended 18-18. The result saw Salford maintain Super League status, whilst Hull KR dropped into the National League. Golden point decided a Super League playoff game for the first time on September 28, 2017 - for Castleford - after a 22-22 draw after 80 minutes. The result saw Castleford defeat St Helens to reach the Super League Grand Final. On 19 November 2018, it was confirmed that Super League would be adopting golden point during regular season for the first time as of the start of the 2019 season, bringing it in line with the NRL. Super League's first ever regular season golden point game saw Hull FC defeat Wigan Warriors 23-22 on 24 February 2019 after a Marc Sneyd drop goal. Friendlies may apply the golden point rule, depending on the format of the tie. Golden point was introduced in the Championship and League 1 competitions commencing with 2020 season. However unlike Super League where the winners of golden point take both competition points, in the lower leagues each team will earn one competition point in a drawn game at the end of normal time with a third point going to the team that scores the golden point. Internationals Golden point is also applied to the Tri-Nations final. The format follows that of the NRL finals series: a five-minute period of play followed by a brief pause and then if no points have been scored a second period that continues until points are scored. In the 2006 series, Australia and New Zealand were locked 12-12 at full-time. Darren Lockyer scored a try in the 87th minute to win the title for Australia. The 2023 World Club Challenge was the first World Club Challenge match to be decided in golden point extra time, with Lewis Dodd kicking the match-winning field goal to give St Helens R.F.C. a 13–12 victory over the Penrith Panthers, and their first World Club Challenge title since 2007. Australian rules football Commencing in the 2016 season, the Australian Football League grand final will be decided by golden point should the scores be tied at full time, and after two 5 minute overtime periods, after the system was adopted for other finals in 1991. Gridiron Golden point (known in North America as "sudden death") was the method of breaking ties in the National Football League regular season from 1974 to 2011, and in the NFL playoffs from 1946 to 2010. The only other football organization to use golden point was to be the Alliance of American Football, which planned to use sudden death for its playoffs; the AAF ceased play before the playoffs were held. The AAF regular season, college football, high school football and Canadian football all use a procedure known as the Kansas Playoff, where teams are each given a possession near the opponent's goal line and alternate until the game is decided; before the Kansas Playoff, games simply ended in ties (draws), since the only situation where ties were impractical (multiple-round knockout playoff tournaments) were not implemented in most high schools until the 1970s, at lower college levels until the 1980s, and the highest level of college football until 2014. Golden point has long been perceived as a particularly poor fit for gridiron-based football codes, as possession of the ball is far more secure in the game; the first team to secure possession (which is decided by coin toss) would only need to advance to field goal range and kick the winning field goal, with the opponent having no chance to possess the ball or score, thus effectively deciding the game by the random outcome of the coin toss. Badminton In badminton, this method is used to decide the set and/or match when it is tied at 29–all. Whoever scores this point wins the set. See also List of National Rugby League golden point games External links A list of golden point games in the NRL References Rugby league terminology
Refund.me, stylized as refund.me is a technology-driven company that provides legal services for air passengers whose flight has been cancelled, significantly delayed or overbooked and for missed connections. It does so according to the stipulations of European passenger rights legislation, specifically EU Regulation 261/2004. Refund.me operates on a no-win, no-fee contingency fee. History Refund.me was founded in 2012 by Eve Büchner, a former journalist, host and contributor on German news channel N24. She continues to act as CEO to date. The company has a stated goal of making passenger rights according to EC 261/2004 more transparent and attainable. Refund.me has a team of over 40 people, including development, claims processing, legal, communications and customer relations. It is privately owned. In its first nine months, Refund.me processed claims from 122 airlines for passengers in more than 50 countries spanning five continents. Refund.me is also reported to have processed claims from 419 airports. According to the Refund.me website, it has cases from more than 110 countries and against more than 250 airlines. Service was introduced in English and German in July 2012, rolling out a free iOS and Android app. Since then, the company has added French, Spanish, Polish and Portuguese to its website, app and services. Service Refund.me offers a widget on its website where users can submit their claim. The service is also available via Refund.me’s mobile apps for iOS and Android. Refund.me operates according to a 25% contingent fee, marketed as “no win, no fee”. It has recorded a success rate of 93.71%. According to its website, Refund.me also offers B2B partnerships by lending out its widget to partners or affiliates. Refund.me claims its Advanced Business Logic technology, which it has developed itself, considers current legislation and court rulings to quickly assess a claim’s eligibility. Passengers can consult the company’s website or its mobile app to submit their claims. Legal Basis Refund.me is not a law firm, but is legally permitted to negotiate with airlines on behalf of customers that have signed a Power of Attorney in their favor. Though Refund.me is not a law firm, it collaborates with several law firms across Europe. According to European Regulation 261/2004, passengers are eligible for compensation payments of €250 to €600 depending on the length of the delay on arrival and the distance traveled. Awards In May 2013, Refund.me was awarded the Sabre Red Appy Award by the Sabre Travel Network in recognition of its business model and its app that makes it easier for agents and travelers to claim compensation from airlines. In October 2013, Refund.me was named Startup 2013 at the Appsters Awards in London. This prize was awarded based on the jury’s vote and a popular vote by the audience. Additionally, Refund.me was named finalist in the Best Consumer App Category. Refund.me was commended by the 2014 FT Innovative Lawyers Report in the Legal Industry Pioneers category. See also AirHelp Flight cancellation and delay References External links Official Website German companies established in 2012 Technology companies of Germany Companies based in Potsdam
Ines G. Županov (born 1955) is a Croatian historian and Indologist. She is a director of the Centre d’études de l’Inde et de l’Asie du Sud and senior research fellow at the CNRS, Paris. She is known for her investigation of Christian and Hindu religious interactions in South Asia. In particular, she has researched the Jesuit missions in Portuguese India, their efforts to translate religious texts into local languages and the resultant linguistic and social transformations of the Indians. Life Ines G. Županov was born in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, in 1955. She graduated from the University of Zagreb with a degree in comparative literature and Indology in 1979. Her master's (1986) and doctoral degrees (1991) were from the University of California, Berkeley. She is based in Paris, but she has lived successively in Zagreb, Mumbai, Berkeley, Dakar, London, Pondicherry, Berlin, Bochum and currently resides in New Delhi. Research Evangelism in India Županov has suggested that Portuguese missionaries felt that there was an intrinsic geographical character to India that resisted evangelism and led to paganism. This resistance also contaminated European Christians and caused the meanings of the gospels to be inverted. She showed that 16th century Jesuit missions in India adopted a calibrated approach to the conversion of Indians to Christianity. Instead of a complete conversion to "European" Christianity, they first translated, with Indian interpreters, key texts into local languages. They abandoned an insistence on proselytising and sermonising in Portuguese, instead encouraging the administration of sacraments in Tamil. This established a society of Indian believers who were then able to organise and fund religious charities and practices, thereby indigenising the faith. Ironically, the translation of Christian works into Tamil by the Jesuits and their interpreters included the rejection of colonial policies. The Jesuits' efforts caused a gradual revolt against the Portuguese language and, eventually, against Portuguese Christian domination. One of the "accommodative" Jesuit missions was that of Roberto de Nobili, whose evangelism extended deep into the Tamil country. Among his efforts was the attempt to remove the stigmatic name Parangi given by the Tamilians to the Europeans and their converts, a word that originated from farangi (meaning "foreign") but also given to low-caste people for their habit of drinking alcohol. While the Jesuits strove to evangelise on the basis of "kinship, friendship, and locality", they did so by hiding Hindu signs within Christian ones; Nobili went further by pretending that Hindu rites were secular and thus not a religious threat to a converted Christian. However, this caused consternation in the Catholic church's hierarchy in Europe, which feared that the Indian Catholicism was becoming contaminated. Initially, such accommodative practices were approved by the Church, but were outlawed on the basis of sacrilege in 1703. Tamil linguistics Jesuit missionaries began to make close investigations of south Indian languages in the sixteenth century. They determined that Tamil fitted sufficiently into the Latin and Greek linguistic model such that they were able to analyse and teach it using their standard methodology. The Cartilha, published in 1554, compared the syntactic structures of Portuguese and Tamil. The authors found that Tamil was distant enough from the Classical languages that, according to Županov, the Portuguese consigned it and Tamil culture to a "barbarian" (or uncivilised) state, with an impoverished vocabulary. This view has been countered by others, suggesting that "outlandish" or "exotic" might be a better interpretation, as even dialectical differences from the standard were often called "barbarous". By 1717, however, the Protestant evangelist and linguist Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg was to claim Tamil was peculiar, in the sense of distinctive, because its grammatical conjugation and declension was regular, and in terms of vocabulary, on par with Latin. This corresponds to Županov's assessment of another Jesuit, Henrique Henriques, who had compiled a Tamil grammar Arte da Lingua Malabar in 1549. Books Stephen Greenblatt, Ines G. Županov, Reinhardt Meyer-Kalkus, Pal Nyiri, Frederike Pannewick, Heike Paul (2009), Cultural Mobility, A Manifesto, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hélène Vu-Thanh and Ines G. Županov, eds. (2021) Trade and Finance in Global Missions (16th-18th centuries). Leiden: Brill. Ines G. Županov, ed. (2019) Oxford Handbook of the Jesuits, editor, New York: Oxford University Press. Ines G. Županov and Pierre-Antoine Fabre, eds. (2018) The Rites Controversies in the Early Modern World. Leiden: Brill. Jorge Flores, Corinne Lefèvre and Ines G. Županov, eds. (2015) Cosmopolitisme en Asie du Sud; Sources, Itinéraires, Langues. Puruṣārtha 33, Paris : CEIAS/EHESS. Anand Amaladass and Ines G. Županov, eds. (2014) Intercultural Encounter and the Jesuit Mission in South Asia (16h-18th Centuries). Bangalore: Asian Trading Corporation. Marie Fourcade and Ines G. Županov, eds. (2013) L’Inde des Lumières; Discours, histoire, savoirs (XVI-XIXe s.)/ Indian Enlightenment: Between Orientalism and Social Sciences(XVII-XIX siècle ), Puruṣārtha. Paris: EHESS. Corinne Lefèvre and Ines G. Županov, eds. (2012) Cultural Dialogue in South Asia and Beyond: Narratives, Images and Community (16th-19th centuries), JESHO 55. Leiden. Ch. de Castelnau, A. Maldavsky, M.L. Copete and Ines G. Županov, eds. (2011) Circulation des savoirs et missions d’évangélisation (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles). Madrid : Casa de Velásquez/ EHESS. Ines G. Županov and Caterina Guenzi, eds. (2008) Divins remèdes; Médecine et religion en Asie du Sud. Puruṣārtha, Paris : CEIAS/EHESS. Citations Bibliography External links Ines G. Županov 1955 births Living people 20th-century Croatian historians University of Zagreb alumni UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni Croatian women historians Writers from Zagreb 21st-century Croatian historians
Glanymor is an electoral ward for Llanelli Town Council and Carmarthenshire County Council in south Llanelli. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 5,668. It consists of the following areas of Llanelli: Glanymor Lakeside Machynys New Dock Elections The ward elects two county councillors. In May 2017 Sean Rees was defeated by only one vote standing as the Plaid Cymru candidate. After local disputes Sean elected to become independent and in May 2022 Rees came top of the poll, 407 votes ahead of the second placed winner, fellow Independent Louvain Roberts. References Llanelli Carmarthenshire electoral wards
Pèire Godolin, whose name is often Frenchified to Pierre Goudouli, or even Pierre Goudelin was born in 1580 in Toulouse where he died on the 10 September 1649, was an Occitan poet. He wrote in the Toulouse dialect. A Toulouse poet of the start of the 17th century He was the son of Raymond Godolin, a Catholic lawyer, he also worked in law after studying with the Jesuits. He started his career in a Toulouse society noted for the violence of religious wars. Towards 1600, the town and its local parliament were taken over by Henry IV of France. The cultural elite were watched until 1610. At this time, Peyre Godolin became known as the most inventive of the local poets, who included his friend the Gascon poet Bertrand Larade, later Guilhem Ader and Jean-Géraud d'Astros, for using the range of languages' registers. But without doubt because of this independence of spirit, he never got to receive any recompense from the Floralia, apart from one minor one, for a poem to King Henry IV, in French. Noticed by the towns governor, Adrien de Montluc-Montesquiou, he became the writer of poetry and popular shows at the time of carnivals in Toulouse (he played music and danced). From 1617 he published under the protection of the local big-wigs (Monluc), then Henri II de Montmorency, diverse pieces of a Baroque eclectism, often stuffed with double senses and full of inventiveness. The town was then noted for the disorder of the rule of Marie de Médicis who between 1610 and 1617 allowed a great liberty of tone. The progressive rate of royalty by Louis XIII from 1617 was marked in Toulouse by the execution of Giulio Cesare Vanini (1619), and by that, in 1632 of Henri II de Montmorency who revolted against Louis XIII. From then, without a protector, in a town marked by black years (plague, war...) Godolin was the victim of a new edition of his works which appeared in 1637, against his will. He had it replaced by a new publication from 1738, in which he sorted out the texts and corrected a passage where he was made to celebrate the victory of the king against the rebellion, where Goudouli chose only to celebrate the spring of returned peace. A pension of 300 livres was voted for him by the town at the end of his life which he spent with the Carmelites. The definitive publication of his Ramelet Moundi was in 1648. The author or Ramelet Moundi His masterpiece is The Ramelet Moundi, which can be translated as The Toulouse Bouquet, but which is a title with multiple meanings: the Ramelet is also '"the branch, the twig", and "Moundi" is a play on words with Moundi = Raymond, the forename of the Counts of Toulouse, but also "the world", even "my God", and also "mon dire"="that which I say". The publication of this eclectic collection written in Occitan was from 1617 to 1648. It contains odes, stanzas (of which A l'hurouso memorio d'Henric le Gran, or To the happy memory of Henry the Great, written in honour of King Henry IV of France, sonnets, quatrains and others (carnivalesque prose, drinking songs, Christmas carols etc.) He also wrote carnivals. Emulating a school of local poetry close to the Baroque æsthetics of Théophile de Viau, of the writing of Mathurin Regnier and of the epicurean spirit of Michel de Montaigne, a well known poet of the 17th century, Godolin saw his works regularly published (20 editions in the 17th century. Some passages of Molière (who was in Toulouse in 1649) or of Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac were inspired by his writing. He is always the victim, for posterity, at once, of his language and of the falling out of fashion of the humour and the profuse liberty of the Baroque since François de Malherbe. Goudouli is in effect a double contradiction with the politics of control of the language and he letters of Cardinal Richelieu who created a centralised language at the Académie française, and repressed writers such as Théophile de Viau. Goudouli is then often forgotten. But he is from time to time celebrated as a precursor of classicism (1678), as a carrier of the common local spirit, as a symbol of the Occitan poetry, a link between the poetry of the troubadours and the Félibrige movement, (Frédéric Mistral), as a glory of Toulouse, as a spokesman of the aristocracy (Jean Jaurès 1909), then after the 1960s as the singer of open cultural independence, Goudouli is regularly rediscovered. Many monuments and statues have been made in his honour, for example at Fenouillet. That of the Illustrious at the Capitol of Toulouse, is the work of the Occitan sculptor Antonin Carlès. The one in place Wilson (Woodrow Wilson Square), Toulouse, is one of the statues the best known by the people of Toulouse, this statue was made by Falguière. [[file:(Toulouse) Tombe de Pierre Goudouli dans la basilique de la Daurade.jpg\|thumb\|His tomb in the Basilica of `` Notre Dame de la Daurade in Toulouse]] Extract from Ramelet Moundi (Liris* the shepherdess is more gentle and pretty Than can be found under the cover of the sky; With the vibratos which she makes on a new air The siren of the sea would be ravished.) (*Liris was the only love of Pèire Godolin) (A touch of the exquisite mixed with everything she says, A frisson which twists in a circle, A loving glint that escapes from her eye Onto any other beauty make hers complete.) (Her clothing is simple but attractive, Which makes me very happy: Because then she is more gently and charming.) (Also, I prefer the natural over the artifice, As soon as I see her without make-up, I want to kiss her without clothing.) See also Listing of the works of Alexandre FalguièreLe Ramelet Moundi (1617-1648)Les Obros (The Works'') (1647) References External links 17th-century French poets 17th-century French male writers 1580 births 1649 deaths Writers from Toulouse Occitan-language poets
The Southerner is a 1945 American drama film directed by Jean Renoir and based on the 1941 novel Hold Autumn in Your Hand by George Sessions Perry. The film received Oscar nominations for Best Director (the only Oscar nomination Renoir received), Original Music Score, and Sound. Renoir was named Best Director by the National Board of Review, which also named the film the third best of 1945. The film portrays the hardships of a poor family struggling to establish a cotton farm in Texas in the early 1940s. Plot The film opens with a Texas sharecropper, Sam Tucker, picking cotton in a sunbaked field alongside his wife Nona and his elderly Uncle Pete. Pete suddenly collapses due to the extreme heat and to what he blames as "my darned old heart". Before he dies, he tells his nephew, "Work for yourself; grow your own crops." Sam heeds his uncle's advice, so Nona, their children Daisy and Jot, "Granny", and he leave the migrant camp and set out to work a vacant 68-acre tenant farm with little more than two mules, a second-hand plow, and some cotton seed and fertilizer. The land the family leases includes only a decaying shack and a dry well. In immediate need of drinking water, Sam visits a gruff neighboring farmer, Henry Devers, who reluctantly allows the Tuckers to share water from his well. Sam and his family nearly freeze and starve during their first winter on the farm, surviving largely on a limited diet of opossums, raccoons, and other small game that he is able to shoot. As spring arrives, Jot falls ill with "spring sickness". The town doctor informs Nona that the boy needs more diverse, vitamin-enriched foods, including vegetables, fruits, and milk to survive. The Tuckers immediately plant a garden, but its produce will take time to mature. Daily servings of milk would provide the suffering Jot with some timely relief, but the family cannot afford to buy or even rent a cow. Sam's friend Tim offers to help get him a factory job that pays the attractive wage of seven dollars a day, but Sam remains determined to succeed as a farmer. Soon, the family's prayers are answered when Harmie, who owns the local general store, and Tim arrive in Harmie's flatbed truck with a milk cow, which young Daisy names "Uncle Walter". The family's cotton crop and the much-needed vegetable garden they planted finally begin to flourish. Meanwhile, the embittered Devers and his strange nephew Finley plot to ruin the Tuckers so Devers can buy the tenant farm for a cheaper price from its owner. After Finley destroys the Tuckers' garden, Sam confronts Devers at his farm. There, Devers, armed with a knife, declares he will no longer share his well water, whereupon the two men have a near-deadly fight. Sam leaves and Devers gets a rifle and follows him. Soon, he finds Sam at the nearby river pulling in a fishing line on which he has hooked "Lead Pencil," an enormous catfish that Devers has been trying to catch for years. In return for the fish and the bragging rights that he was the one who caught it, Devers agrees to give Sam his garden and allow him continued access to his well, a deal that effectively puts an end to the trouble between the two families. Harmie now marries Sam's mother, and a party is held at his general store to celebrate the wedding. Life at last seems to offer true promise for the Tuckers on that joyful occasion. Unfortunately, a violent rainstorm rolls in as the party is ending. The next day, the family returns to their farm, where heavy winds and flooding have ruined their entire cotton crop and ravaged their home. Sam, stunned by the sudden devastation, lets Tim accompany him as he searches for the family's missing cow, which they find alive but struggling in the swollen river. Tim nearly drowns in the deep water, but Sam rescues him. After pulling his friend to safety, Sam tells him that he is giving up farming and is now willing to take a factory job. Upon returning to the battered farm, though, he reconsiders his decision after he sees the resilience of his wife and grandmother, who are busy cleaning up what remains of the house and professing their resolve to start over again. The film ends with Sam and Nona, months after the flood, standing together in a freshly plowed field preparing for a new season and a new crop. Cast Production The Southerner was the fourth of six films that Jean Renoir directed while living in the United States during the 1940s. It was also the first of his independent Hollywood productions. Renoir's other "American" films are Swamp Water (1941), This Land Is Mine (1943), The Amazing Mrs. Holliday (1943), The Diary of a Chambermaid (1946), and The Woman on the Beach (1947). The Southerner, however, is now regarded by some reviewers and film historians to be his "Hollywood masterpiece" and generally recognized as the French director's "most American" film with regard to its content, structure, and overall presentation. Contemporary news items in Hollywood reported that Joel McCrea and his wife Frances Dee were set to play the lead roles of Sam and Nona Tucker in The Southerner, but the couple left the project in pre-production due to McCrea's dissatisfaction with the script and his "creative differences" with Renoir. The roles then went to Zachary Scott and Betty Field. Although Scott did not possess McCrea's "star power" as a leading man and had relatively little experience in feature films, he did have one distinct advantage in preparing to portray Sam Tucker; he was a native of Texas, the setting for The Southerner. Robert Aldrich, at age 26, was the assistant director on The Southerner, which was filmed at various locations in California, including the Arthur Ranch in the San Fernando Valley, Hotchkiss Ranch in Firebaugh, California, at RKO Pictures' movie ranch near Encino, in Malibu, at sites along the banks of the San Joaquin River, and in cotton fields near the town of Madera, about 240 miles northwest of Hollywood. The flood depicted in the production was created with water supplied from the Friant Dam and was shot where Millerton Lake is located today. Critical reception In its May 2, 1945 issue, the widely read trade paper Variety recounts the despair fostered by the film's generally bleak tone but praises the performances of the film's stars and principal supporting cast: Bosley Crowther, the film critic for The New York Times, liked the film and in 1945 wrote, "The Southerner may not be an 'entertainment' in the rigid Hollywood sense and it may have some flaws, but it is, nevertheless, a rich, unusual and sensitive delineation of a segment of the American scene well worth filming and seeing." James Agee, among the most influential writers and film critics in the United States during the 1940s, admired several aspects of The Southerner, including the "sense of tactile reality" that Renoir captured in the film's general surroundings. For Agee, however, that sense of reality ended with the dialogue and attempted southern accents used in much of the film, which he deemed wholly unrealistic, as were in his view the actors' mannerisms and overall behavior on screen. The film, Agee contended, essentially "rang false", for it neither accurately portrayed the South's basic character nor the people who inhabited its rural subculture. A native of Tennessee, Agee was very knowledgeable about the South and in particular about tenant farmers and "croppers". In fact, he had first-hand experience observing the day-to-day challenges facing poor cotton farmers. He had lived for two months in Alabama with sharecroppers in the summer of 1936 and had recorded in great detail their families' troubled histories and meager existence at the time. Later that written record, accompanied by the photographs of Walker Evans, formed the highly acclaimed book Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, which was published just four years prior to the release of The Southerner. Controversy The release of The Southerner in 1945 provoked intense negative reactions in various locations throughout the Southern United States. In spite of Sam Tucker's portrayal as an honest, hard-working, highly devoted family man in the film, some people in the American South strongly objected to The Southerner due to what they viewed as the film's "sordid depiction of life in the Southern states." The film was even banned from being shown in Tennessee by Lloyd T. Binford, who for nearly three decades served as head of the Memphis Board of Censors and whose influence in that position extended to review boards and movie theaters across that state. Outside of Tennessee, Binford by the 1940s had already established a reputation in Hollywood and nationally as "the toughest censor in America". Disgusted by The Southerner, he condemned the film as a "slur against Southern farmers" and for its characters being portrayed as nothing more than "'common, lowdown, ignorant white trash'". The Ku Klux Klan also condemned Renoir's film and advocated boycotting it at theaters elsewhere in the South. Yet, condemnation of The Southerner was by no means universal in the region. The United Daughters of the Confederacy was one of its supporters. The organization endorsed the film and complimented how its lead characters exemplified the South's best attributes of "'courage, stout-heartedness and love of our land'". The regionalized title of The Southerner contributed to the film's controversy, a title that was being criticized by reviewers and influential movie promoters well before the film started to reach theaters in August 1945. The film-industry trade magazine Boxoffice, in its issue of May 5, 1945, cautioned theater owners that although The Southerner was an "outstanding picture", it was hampered by "an inept title" and by "a cast of questionable drawing power." One of the alternate titles considered for The Southerner by its producers and its distributor United Artists was The Tuckers of Texas. Promotion In the 1940s the film industry's weekly trade magazine Boxoffice provided news and advertisements of special interest to theater owners. It also provided film reviews, reports about the public's response to new releases, and a "Showmandizer Section". That latter section gave "exploitips" on what publicity methods theaters could employ to attract more ticket-buyers. With regard to promoting The Southerner in 1945, Boxoffice furnished to theaters a card-sized reference that contained the following "Selling Angles" for the film: The recommended "angle" offered by Boxoffice to attract even fishing enthusiasts to The Southerner relates to scenes in the film involving a catfish so large that it has "chin whiskers like lead pencils". Later in the story, when Sam Tucker actually catches "Lead Pencil", its huge size proves that Finley's earlier description or suspected "whopper" about the fish was no exaggeration. Boxoffice also gave theater owners "catchlines" or promotional phrases to use on their marquees and to send to newspapers and local radio stations to publicize The Southerner. In addition to "There Were Two Loves in His [Sam Tucker's] Life—His Family and His Farm", one other catchline given by Boxoffice to exploit the fishing angle, though misleading, was "Things Went From Bad to Pieces . . . Until Fisherman's Luck Changed an Enemy Into a Friend". Awards Wins National Board of Review: NBR Award, Best Director, Jean Renoir, also Top Ten Film; 1945. Venice Film Festival: Best Feature Film, 1946. Nominations Academy Awards: Oscar, Best Director, Jean Renoir; Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture, Werner Janssen; Best Sound, Recording Jack Whitney (Sound Services Inc); 1946. References and notes External links 1945 films 1945 drama films American drama films American black-and-white films 1940s English-language films Films about agriculture Films about farmers Films based on American novels Films directed by Jean Renoir Films produced by Robert and Raymond Hakim Films produced by David L. Loew Films scored by Werner Janssen Films set on farms Films with screenplays by Nunnally Johnson Films with screenplays by William Faulkner United Artists films Golden Lion winners Films set in Texas 1940s American films English-language drama films
5754 aluminium–magnesium alloy is an alloy in the wrought aluminium -magnesium family (5000 or 5xxx series). It is closely related to the alloys 5154 and 5454 (Aluminum Association designations that only differ in the second digit are variations on the same alloy). Of the three 5x54 alloys, 5754 is the least alloyed (highest composition % of aluminium), but only by a small amount. It is used in similar applications. As a wrought alloy, it can be formed by rolling, extrusion, and forging, but not casting. It can be cold worked to produce tempers with a higher strength but a lower ductility. Alternate names and designations include AlMg3, 3.3535, and A95754. The alloy and its various tempers are covered by the following standards: ASTM B 209: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Sheet and Plate EN 485-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Sheet, strip and plate. Mechanical properties EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products EN 754-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties ISO 6361: Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Sheets, Strips and Plates Chemical composition The alloy composition of 5754 aluminium is: Properties Typical material properties for 5754 aluminium alloy include: Density: 2.67 g/cm3, or 167 lb/ft3. Young's modulus: 69 GPa, or 10 Msi. Ultimate tensile strength: 220 to 330 MPa, or 32 to 48 ksi. Thermal Conductivity: 130 W/m-K. Thermal Expansion: 23.7 μm/m-K. References Aluminium alloy table Aluminium–magnesium alloys
Bakacak is a village in the Refahiye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. Its population is 27 (2022). References Villages in Refahiye District
Pingree Road is one of two commuter railroad stations on Metra's Union Pacific Northwest Line in the city of Crystal Lake, Illinois. The station is officially located at 570 Congress Parkway at Pingree Road, and is from Ogilvie Transportation Center in Chicago. In Metra's zone-based fare system, Pingree Road is in zone I. , Pingree Road is the 73rd busiest of the 236 non-downtown stations in the Metra system, with an average of 707 weekday boardings. As of May 30, 2023, Pingree Road is served by 58 trains (30 inbound, 28 outbound) on weekdays, by 30 trains (15 in each direction) on Saturdays, and by 20 trains (nine inbound, all 11 outbound) on Sundays. Pingree Road station is the station to be constructed on the UP-NW Line, opening on September 7, 2005. It serves as the southern terminus of the McHenry Branch of the UP-NW line. The actual junction between the main branch and McHenry branch is northwest of the station. West of the station, the Main Branch becomes the Harvard Branch. Currently, no bus connections are available at this station. References External links Metra - Pingree Road Flickr - Pingree Road Station Pingree Road Railway stations in the United States opened in 2005 Crystal Lake, Illinois Railway stations in McHenry County, Illinois
Mehmandar is a town in the Ararat Province of Armenia. Mehmandar may also refer to: Mehmandar, East Azerbaijan, a village in Dizajrud-e Sharqi Rural District, Qaleh Chay District, Ajab Shir County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran Mehmandar, West Azerbaijan, a village in Beygom Qaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Naqadeh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran Also Mehmandar, Iran (disambiguation)
The Brough Superior SS 100 is a motorcycle which was designed and built by George Brough in Nottingham, England in 1924. Although every bike was designed to meet specific customer requirements—even the handlebars were individually shaped—sixty-nine SS100s were produced in 1925 and at £170 () were advertised by Brough as the "Rolls-Royce of Motorcycles". The term was coined by a magazine road tester in his review of the bike, and Brough eventually obtained explicit permission to use it after a Rolls-Royce executive toured the Brough Superior factory. All bikes had a guarantee that they were capable of . The SS100 (Super Sports) was the first custom motorcycle with components chosen from many different suppliers. The first engine (from 1924 to 1936) was the twin-cam KTOR JAP (made by J. A. Prestwich) V twin (upgraded to a Matchless engine from 1936). Gearboxes were the 4-stud 3-speed from Sturmey-Archer, with a chain drive. Brough developed the features of the Harley-Davidson forks and produced his own version (made by the Castle Fork and Accessory Company) to combine light weight with strength that was to become a feature of the SS100 handling. Development After the initial introduction of the SS100, the Alpine Grand Sports, an SS100 with a full touring specification. was launched at the 1925 Motorcycle Show. In the same year Brough Superior produced a Pendine Racing Model (named after the Pendine Sands where Malcolm Campbell set a number of world speed records) with increased ground clearance. Every owner was encouraged by Brough to suggest their own ideas for developing the SS100, which meant that almost all his motorcycles were uniquely hand-built and the design continually evolving. The Sturmey-Archer gearbox was upgraded in 1929 for a three speed "super heavyweight" box to cope better with the produced by the JA Prestwich Industries (JAP) engine. In 1928 Brough introduced rear suspension and in 1934 the Alpine Grand Sports gained a overhead valve JAP engine known as two of everything as it had two magnetos and two oil pumps. A foot gear-change was introduced in 1935 and a four-speed Norton gearbox in 1936. Development on all Brough Superiors was stopped during the Second World War, when the factory was turned over to war work. World records The SS100 engineering was developed through competition and wins in over 50 events in the early 1920s, and Bert le Vack, who worked with Brough on development, was the holder of seven world records. In 1927 George Brough and Freddie Dixon both achieved a record for the kilometre on the SS100 and in 1928 Brough broke his own record with . In 1932 Ronald Storey achieved 81.08 mph for the standing half-mile at Brighton and in 1939 Noel Pope secured an all time Brooklands track record lap time of on an SS100. On 27 April 2008, at the Stafford Motorcycle show, the auctioneers Bonhams sold a 1934 Brough Superior SS100 for £166,500 – a world record and the highest price ever paid for a British motorcycle at auction. A new World Record for any motorcycle sold at auction was set on 22 October 2010, when a 1929 Brough Superior SS100 was sold at the Haynes International Motor Museum. The bike achieved £286,000. T. E. Lawrence T. E. Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia, bought one of the first SS100s in 1925 having previously owned three Brough SS80s. The crash that would end Lawrence's life came while riding another SS100, on a narrow road near his cottage near Wareham in 1935. The accident occurred because a dip in the road obstructed his view of two boys on bicycles. Swerving to avoid them, Lawrence lost control and was thrown over the handlebars. He was not wearing a helmet and suffered serious head injuries that left him in a coma; he died after six days in hospital. One of the doctors attending him was the neurosurgeon Hugh Cairns. He consequently began a long study of what he saw as the unnecessary loss of life by motorcycle dispatch riders through head injuries and his research led to the use of crash helmets by both military and civilian motorcyclists. As a consequence of treating Lawrence, Sir Hugh Cairns ultimately saved the lives of many motorcyclists. Lawrence's last SS100 (Registration GW 2275) was built in 1932 and is privately owned but has been on loan to the National Motor Museum at Beaulieu, Hampshire and the Imperial War Museum in London. In the TV series George and Mildred, George Roper rode a 1934 11-50s Brough Superior sidecar combination, registration number ATO 574. New SS100 In 2013 the Brough Superior company unveiled plans to build a new SS100 as a 90th anniversary tribute to the most famous Brough Superior model. The first new SS100s were delivered in 2015 and each was made to order. The new SS100 has a DOHC 88° V-twin engine developed and built with French specialists Akira Engineering of Bayonne that produces . Produced at Henriette's Boxer Design factory in Toulouse, France, the new SS100 is hand built. The chassis is an expensive mix of magnesium, titanium, and aluminium with carbon-fiber wheels and a double-wishbone front fork. The brakes are Behringer from the aircraft industry with four-disc front brakes, motorcycling's first. See also List of fastest production motorcycles References External links New SS100 Brochure (pdf) SS100 Motorcycles introduced in the 1920s
Bartolomeo di Passano (1594–1650) was a senator of the Republic of Genoa and Commissioner General of the armed forces. Family Bartolomeo was born in 1594, the son of Stefano di Passano, a governor of Corsica, and Ortensia Bondenara. In 1624 he married Bettina Garbarina. They had two sons and two daughters. Career In 1636 Bartolomeo became governor of Savona, but he resigned upon election to the senate soon afterwards. He was sent as ambassador extraordinary to France in 1639, to congratulate Louis XIII on the birth of his son, and again in 1643 to convey the Republic of Genoa’s condolences on the death of Louis XIII and congratulations on the accession of Louis XIV. In 1645 he was again appointed Governor of Savona and Commissioner General of arms, in which capacity he was involved in the Battle of Orbetello (June 1646). He died on 29 May 1650, aged 56. References 1594 births 1650 deaths 17th-century Italian nobility Ambassadors of the Republic of Genoa
Wisemans Ferry is a cable ferry across the Hawkesbury River in New South Wales, Australia. The ferry operates from the eponymous community of Wisemans Ferry on the south bank, to a point on the north bank downstream of the Hawkesbury River's confluence with the Macdonald River, connecting with the old Great North Road. The crossing has remained in use on its current site since 1829, making it the oldest ferry crossing still in operation in New South Wales, and possibly in Australia. Operation The ferry is operated by a private sector operator under contract to Transport for NSW and is free of tolls. The crossing is in length and takes approximately 4 minutes. The ferry operates on demand 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with no regular maintenance closure. Two ferry boats are available at this crossing, operating on separate sets of cables, and when traffic demands it both may be in use. The larger of the two boats carries up to 24 cars, whilst the smaller one carries 18 cars. The ferry is one of two cable ferry crossings in the community of Wisemans Ferry, the other being Webbs Creek Ferry, which crosses the Hawkesbury River to a point upstream of the confluence with the Macdonald River. Two other such ferries cross the Hawkesbury River proper, these being the Sackville Ferry and the Lower Portland Ferry, whilst a fifth ferry, the Berowra Waters Ferry, crosses a side-arm of the river. History The ferry is named after its founder, Solomon Wiseman, a former convict (1778–1838), who received a land grant in the area from Governor Macquarie in 1817. Wiseman established the ferry service in 1827 for the transport of produce and provisions to the convicts building the Great North Road to link Sydney with the fertile Hunter Valley. Initially located downstream of its present location, the crossing was moved to its present location in 1829 when the Great North Road was repositioned and reconstructed. In 1832, the Wisemans ferry service was purchased by the government. Until the opening of the Peats Ferry Bridge across the Hawkesbury at Brooklyn, Wisemans Ferry was on one of the main road routes north out of Sydney. However, when that bridge opened in 1945, vehicular traffic along the Great North Road through Wisemans Ferry was reduced, and the crossing at Wisemans Ferry could no longer be considered to be on the main route north to Newcastle. See also Mortlake Ferry References External links RMS vehicle ferry operation information. RTA heritage information on Wisemans Ferry Ferry transport in Sydney Hawkesbury River Ferries of New South Wales Cable ferries in Australia
Souter Lighthouse is a lighthouse located to the North of Whitburn, Tyne and Wear, England. (It was generally known as Souter Point Lighthouse when in service). Souter Point was the first lighthouse in the world to be actually designed and built specifically to use alternating electric current, the most advanced lighthouse technology of its day. The light was generated by a carbon arc lamp: first lit on 11 January 1871, it was described at the time as 'without doubt one of the most powerful lights in the world'. After being decommissioned by Trinity House (the national lighthouse authority) in 1988, Souter Lighthouse was acquired by the National Trust, who now manage it as a visitor attraction with holiday lets. Location The lighthouse is located on Lizard Point, but takes its name from Souter Point, which is located a mile to the south. This was the intended site for the lighthouse, but it was felt that Lizard Point offered better visibility, as the cliffs there are higher, so the lighthouse was built there instead. The Souter Lighthouse name was retained in order to avoid confusion with the then recently built Lizard Lighthouse in Cornwall. Souter Lighthouse is approximately three miles south of the mouth of the River Tyne. Some four miles or so to the north of the mouth of the Tyne is a sister Victorian lighthouse, St Mary's Lighthouse, on St Mary's Island. It has also been decommissioned, and is open to visitors. St Mary's Lighthouse can be seen with the naked eye from the top of Souter Lighthouse. History The lighthouse was a much-needed aid to navigation due to the number of wrecks on the dangerous reefs of Whitburn Steel which lay directly under the water in the surrounding area. In one year alone – 1860 – there were 20 shipwrecks. This contributed to making this coastline the most dangerous in the country, with an average of around 44 shipwrecks per every mile of coastline. 19th century Construction The lighthouse and associated buildings were designed for Trinity House by their Chief Engineer, James Douglass; its construction was supervised by on-site engineer Henry Norris. Alongside the lighthouse tower a number of other buildings were laid out around a quadrangle, including the engine room and boiler house, and five dwellings; all were built of rubble masonry, rendered with Portland cement. The contract for building the lighthouse and keepers' cottages was reported in March 1869 as being £8,000 and was awarded to the local firm of James Todd, after complaints that local builders had not had the opportunity to reply to tender as it had not been advertised locally. The foundation stone was ceremonially laid by Admiral Collinson's sister on 9 June 1869. Building works were completed in 1870, and the lighthouse entered service in January the following year. After completing this project Douglass and Norris moved on to the building of Hartland Point Lighthouse in Devon. Electricity Carbon arc lights for lighthouses were pioneered by Professor Frederick Hale Holmes, with experiments carried out in 1857–60 at Blackwall and at South Foreland Lighthouse (as described in a lecture by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution). An initial installation at Dungeness Lighthouse in 1862 had proved problematic, however, with frequent failures of the lamps and machinery; so Trinity House carried out an extensive testing and selection process over five years (including comparisons with oil lights and examination of equipment in Britain and France) before finalising its plans for a complete purpose-built electric installation at Souter. The carbon arc lamp at Souter was placed within a lens array consisting of a third-order fixed catadioptric optic surrounded by a revolving assembly of eight vertical condensing-prisms which produced one bright flash every thirty seconds. Its 800,000 candle power light could be seen for up to 26 miles. The optics were designed and built by James Chance in 1870. In addition to the main light a red/white sector light shone from a window in the tower below the lantern, to highlight hazards to the south in Sunderland Bay (namely Hendon Rock and the White Stones); it was powered using light diverted (through a set of mirrors and lenses) from the landward side of the main arc lamp. Electricity for the light was provided by two of Holmes' own magneto electric generators for which he took out a series of patents during those years. In normal operation only one generator was used, but in conditions of poor visibility both were connected to the lamp to provide a brighter light. The generators were driven by one of a pair of J. Whitworth & co. 5 nhp 'Allen' condensing steam engines. (Prior to being installed at Souter, the engines and generators were exhibited by Trinity House at the Paris Exposition of 1867.) The engines were worked alternately: one week on, one week off. Located in the engine-house, they also drove an air-pump to feed the pressure tank of a foghorn. In December 1891 the lighthouse tower was painted with a broad red band, to make it more conspicuous during the day. Foghorn Holmes also designed a reed fog signal for the new lighthouse, sounded from a separate foghorn house (east of the tower) through a pair of vertical trumpets (angled north-east and south-east, facing out to sea). It sounded one blast every 45 seconds. Compressed air for the foghorn was piped underground from the engine room, on the other side of the lighthouse, where the air compressor was driven by a common drive shaft from the engines powering the magnetos. A more powerful siren fog signal replaced the reeds in February 1879; it sounded one blast every minute. It required an additional and more powerful engine, which was installed in the engine room to drive the compressor for the new signal. Charts and engineering (1875) 20th century Conversion to oil In 1914 the pioneering electric light at Souter was replaced with the latest type of incandescent oil lamps (i.e. paraffin vapour burners). At the same time Chance Brothers provided a new, much larger lens system: a bi-form first-order catadioptric revolving optic (a bi-form lens is double-height, containing two lamps, one above the other). At the same time a new lantern was provided, to accommodate the taller optic. Red shades were placed around the lamps, within the lenses, so that the light now flashed red, once every 5 seconds. The 1914 optic remains in situ in the tower; it weighs 4.5 tonnes and floats on 1.5 tonnes of mercury. A separate lamp was used for the fixed red/white sector light, which continued to shine from its window lower down in the tower. Having removed the two Holmes magneto-electric machines from the engine room, the Corporation of Trinity House presented one to the Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1915; it is now on display at the Science Museum, London. The fog signal was improved in 1919 when a more powerful siren was installed, sounded through a pair of Rayleigh trumpets. (These replaced the twin Holmes trumpets formerly employed; the foghorn house was remodelled at the seaward corners to accommodate them). The siren gave a 4-second blast every minute. Hornsby oil engines were installed to drive the compressors for the new siren. Reversion to electricity In 1952 the lighthouse was again converted to run on electric power (this time using incandescent lamps, powered by mains electricity). The 4,500W bulbs used for the main light were the largest in the Trinity House service. Should the electricity supply fail, a diesel generator would be engaged (and in the event that it too were to fail, an additional emergency battery lamp would be engaged). The mechanism which turned the lenses continued to be driven by clockwork at this time, until 1983 when it was replaced by a pair of electric motors. The fog signal was upgraded in 1953: a Stone Chance diaphone signal was installed and a pair of exponential horns replaced the Rayleigh Trumpets on top of the foghorn building. At the same time the engine room was provided with two new Reavell compressor sets, one driven by an electric motor, the other by a diesel engine. The diaphone produced a five-second blast every 30 seconds in poor weather, and remained in use up until 1988, when the lighthouse was decommissioned. Decommissioning Souter Lighthouse was decommissioned by Trinity House in 1988, but continued to serve as a radio navigation beacon up until 1999 when it was finally closed. Present day As Souter was never automated, it remains much in its original operational state except for updates during its lifespan to its lantern and electrical apparatus. Today the decommissioned Souter lighthouse is owned by the National Trust and open to the public; the engine room, light tower and keeper's living quarters are all on view. There is also an outdoor play area, Trusty Club and indoor activities to accommodate young visitors. Two of the former lighthouse keepers' cottages are used as National Trust holiday cottages. The lamps, lenses and foghorn remain in working order and are still activated from time to time 'on special occasions'. The lighthouse is said to be haunted, and has even featured on British TV's Most Haunted ghost-hunting programme. Gallery See also List of lighthouses in England Grade II* listed buildings in Tyne and Wear References External links Souter Lighthouse information at the National Trust National Trust Collections - Highlights from Souter Lighthouse, Tyne & Wear (Accredited Museum) Map of Souter Lighthouse Lighthouses completed in 1871 Buildings and structures in South Shields Lighthouses in Tyne and Wear National Trust properties in Tyne and Wear Tourist attractions in Tyne and Wear Museums in Tyne and Wear Lighthouse museums in England Reportedly haunted locations in North East England Grade II* listed lighthouses Grade II* listed buildings in Tyne and Wear
Dodyu Patarinski () (born August 16, 1933 in Ugarchin, Lovech, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian athlete, known for jumping events. He represented Bulgaria in the triple jump at the 1960 Olympics. His career best was set in 1963. By 1969, at age 35 he was still able to jump 15.79 to set a new Masters M35 World record. He was a two time champion of the Balkan Games. References 1933 births Living people Bulgarian male triple jumpers Olympic athletes for Bulgaria Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics People from Lovech Province
Willard Jeremiah "Billy" Hurley III (born June 9, 1982) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour. Early life Hurley grew up in Leesburg, Virginia, the oldest of four children of Bill and Cheryl Hurley. He attended Loudoun County High School. During his senior year in 2000, he was one of 17 golfers named honorable mention All-Met (Washington, D.C. metro area) He was named all-state in Virginia. Naval career Hurley is a 2004 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, where he earned a bachelor's degree in Quantitative Economics. He also was named Academic All-American. He was commissioned an Ensign in the United States Navy in 2004, rising to the rank of Lieutenant and serving until July 2009. After his graduation from the academy, he was assigned to the , a guided-missile cruiser based in Mayport, Florida, where he was a combat electronic division officer. He then taught economics for two years at the Naval Academy. From 2007 to 2009, he served a tour of duty in the Persian Gulf aboard the destroyer . College and amateur career As an amateur, Hurley was a member of the victorious American team in the 2005 Walker Cup, held at the Chicago Golf Club. The Walker Cup is a competition held biennially that matches the top American amateurs against the best of Great Britain and Ireland. He was also captain of the 2004 Palmer Cup team, an annual competition named for Arnold Palmer that matches American collegiate golfers against European college/university players. Hurley won seven collegiate golf titles at Navy, was named 2004 Patriot League Player of the Year, and earned the award for the top college golfer and sportsman (the Byron Nelson Award). He was ranked the sixth-best amateur in the world. Professional career 2011 season On the 2011 Nationwide Tour, Hurley's best finish was second place at the Chiquita Classic while having four top-10 finishes. He entered the 2011 Nationwide Tour Championship in the 25th money list position and his T18 position earned him his PGA Tour card. 2012 season Hurley played 27 events on the 2012 PGA Tour, with his best finish a tie for fourth at the AT&T National. He finished 150th in the FedEx Cup, earning a $32,000 bonus. However, Hurley finished 151st on the money list and therefore he missed conditional status on the 2013 PGA Tour by $165. 2013 season At 2012 Q School, Hurley finished tied for 73rd place. Since at Q School, the top 25 players and ties earn PGA Tour cards and the next 50 players earn Web.com Tour cards, Hurley earned a Web.com Tour card for the 2013 Web.com Tour season. He made 15 cuts in 24 events on the Web.com Tour in 2013 with his best finish a playoff loss at the United Leasing Championship. He played in the Web.com Tour Finals and finished 26th to earn his PGA Tour card for 2014. 2014 season Hurley began the 2013–14 season with a tie for ninth place at the October 2013 Frys.com Open in San Martin, California. On March 2, 2014 Hurley recorded the fourth top-10 of his PGA Tour career with a fifth-place finish at The Honda Classic in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, just one shot out of the four-man playoff won by Russell Henley. He earned $240,000, moving him to 65th on the 2014 money list with $440,551. After a stretch of several mediocre tournaments and missed cuts, on May 18 he finished T-16 in the HP Byron Nelson Championship, earning $100,050. He continued his strong play with a T-30 to earn $37,200 at the Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial on May 25 followed by a T-37 to earn $25,420 at the Memorial Tournament on June 1. On the following day, June 2, Hurley qualified to play in his first-ever U.S. Open (and first major) as he birdied three of his last four holes to finish in the top four of the 36-hole Monday qualifying tournament held in Rockville, Maryland. At the U.S. Open at Pinehurst No. 2, out of 156 golfers entered, Hurley was one of only 67 to make the cut and play through the weekend. He finished the tournament T-48. Hurley posted another top 10 on June 29, finishing T-8 at the Quicken Loans National at Congressional Country Club to earn $188,500. On July 6, 2014, Hurley, on the strength of a second-round 63 and a third-round 67, took a two-shot lead into the final round of the Greenbrier Classic held at The Old White TPC course in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. He shot a final-round 73 to finish T-4 and earn $227,036, which put him over the $1 million mark in 2014 earnings at $1,105,659. The T-4 finish combined with his world ranking also qualified him to play in his second major, The Open Championship July 17–20 at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake. At The Open, he again made the cut in a major and finished the tournament T-64. Taking three weeks off following The Open Championship, Hurley missed the cut in his next two tournaments, then his 2014 season ended with a T-57 finish at the Deutsche Bank Championship. He finished the season with career-high winnings of $1,145,299 with 17 cuts made in 26 starts. 2015 season Hurley missed the cut by one shot in each of his first two tournaments of the 2014–15 season. In his third tournament, he held a two-stroke lead after 36 holes in the CIMB Classic after consecutive rounds of five-under-par. He finished T-8 to win $189,000. After missing four cuts in his first six events of calendar year 2015, he had his best tournament of the calendar year March 15 at the Valspar Championship, finishing T-17 and winning $77,206. After his strong finish at the Valspar Championship, Hurley struggled, missing the cut at four of his next five tournaments. In June he finished at T-18 in the FedEx St. Jude Classic and tallied his only other top-25 finish on August 9 at the Barracuda Championship. For the 2015 season, through August 23, he had played in 28 events, making the cut in 14 and earning $591,450. Because Hurley did not finish the season ranked in the top 125 players (he was ranked 136th) on the PGA Tour after the Wyndham Championship, in which he missed the cut, he lost his PGA Tour playing card for the 2015–16 season. He played in the Web.com Tour Finals but did not regain his PGA Tour card and started the 2015–16 season with conditional status. 2016 season Playing a combination of PGA Tour and Web.com Tour events, through 11 PGA Tour events he made five cuts and totaled $80,707 in winnings on that tour. His highest finish to that point was T-41; he missed the cut in the U.S. Open. However, on June 26 he earned his first victory on the PGA Tour at the Quicken Loans National, his 105th PGA Tour event. He was 198th in the FedEx Cup and 607th in the world rankings and was playing in the tournament on a sponsor's exemption. By winning the tournament, he qualified for the 2016 Open Championship; however, he skipped the event to attend his sister's wedding. He attained his best-ever showing in a major tournament on July 31, 2016 by finishing T-22 at the 2016 PGA Championship at Baltusrol Golf Club. On September 5, 2016 he posted his second top-10 finish of the season with a T-8 at the Deutsche Bank Championship, earning $212,500. Heading into the tournament he was ranked 77th in the FedEx Cup standings and needed a good showing to finish in the FedEx Cup standings' top 70 and continue on to the next tournament, which he attained, ending the tournament 51st in FedEx Cup points. For the season, Hurley ended up with one win and earnings of $1,770,400, good for 55th place. 2017 season After finishing T-51 in the CIMB Classic to begin the new season, Hurley fired a 13-under to finish T-15 in the Shriners Hospitals for Children Open in Las Vegas to earn $92,840. During the January 2017 Hawaii swing of the PGA Tour, he finished 29th to win $64,000 in the SBS Tournament of Champions followed by a T-20 in the Sony Open in Hawaii, earning $62,571. Playing in the Masters Tournament for the first time, he missed the cut by one shot. In The Players Championship, he finished T-41 to earn $36,750. On May 7, he got his first top-10 of the year with a T-8 at the Wells Fargo Championship to earn $210,000. Hurley struggled in the second half of the season; in his last seven tournaments, he missed the cut five times along with finishes of 63rd and 68th. He ended 146th on the PGA Tour money list. 2018 season Hurley posted a T-25 finish on October 29, 2017 at the Sanderson Farms Championship, winning $33,540, in what was his best finish of the season. In 27 events played during the 2017–18 season, he missed the cut 19 times. He ended the season ranked 201st in the FedEx Cup standings after a T-41 in the Wyndham Championship on August 19, his third-best finish after a T-34 at the Barbasol Championship on July 22. This was his final year for the tournament exemption gained from his win in the 2016 Quicken Loans Invitational. Hurley's finish meant he only had past champion status for the 2018–19 season. In February 2018 Hurley ran for president of the PGA Tour's Players Advisory Council, but he was defeated by Jordan Spieth. 2019 season Hurley played in the PGA Tour 2018 Sanderson Farms Championship Oct. 25-28, finishing T-54. On March 24, 2019 he posted his best finish to date in well over a year with a T-30 at the Valspar Championship, earning $39,817. He earned a top 10 finish on April 28 at the PGA Tour's Zurich Classic of New Orleans team event, combining with Peter Malnati for score of 19 under and a T-9 finish out of 78 teams. Personal life Hurley is active in several charities and religious organizations including: Birdies for the Brave, a military outreach initiative sponsored by the PGA Tour; World Gospel Outreach, a children's camp in Honduras; Ark Children's House, an orphanage in Ecuador; and Adoption Advocates International, which operates an orphanage in Ethiopia (Layla House) where he adopted his son, Jacob. Hurley resides in Annapolis, Maryland with his wife Heather, sons Will and Jacob, and his daughter Madison. In 2017, Hurley hosted his inaugural charity golf event, Billy Hurley III and The Brave Golf Tournament, at the Naval Academy Golf Course in Annapolis. Proceeds from the event were to go to three beneficiaries: the Anchor Scholarship Foundation, which provides college tuition for family members of surface warfare personnel; to fund a junior golf scholarship administered by the Middle-Atlantic PGA (MAPGA); and to the Naval Academy Athletic Association and directed toward improvements at the Naval Academy Golf Course. Professional wins (3) PGA Tour wins (1) NGA Hooters Tour wins (1) 2010 Terry Moore Ford Open Tarheel Tour wins (1) Playoff record Web.com Tour playoff record (0–1) Results in major championships CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place Results in The Players Championship CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place Results in World Golf Championships "T" = Tied U.S. national team appearances Amateur Palmer Cup: 2004 Walker Cup: 2005 (winners) See also 2011 Nationwide Tour graduates 2013 Web.com Tour Finals graduates References External links American male golfers PGA Tour golfers Korn Ferry Tour graduates Golfers from Virginia Navy Midshipmen men's golfers People from Leesburg, Virginia Sportspeople from Loudoun County, Virginia Sportspeople from Annapolis, Maryland 1982 births Living people
```c++ #include <DataTypes/DataTypeLowCardinality.h> #include <DataTypes/DataTypeNullable.h> #include <DataTypes/DataTypeString.h> #include <DataTypes/DataTypesNumber.h> #include <Disks/StoragePolicy.h> #include <IO/ReadBufferFromFile.h> #include <IO/ReadHelpers.h> #include <IO/WriteBufferFromFile.h> #include <IO/WriteIntText.h> #include <Interpreters/Context.h> #include <Interpreters/DatabaseCatalog.h> #include <Interpreters/InterpreterInsertQuery.h> #include <Interpreters/evaluateConstantExpression.h> #include <Parsers/ASTCreateQuery.h> #include <Parsers/ASTInsertQuery.h> #include <Processors/Executors/CompletedPipelineExecutor.h> #include <Processors/QueryPlan/QueryPlan.h> #include <Processors/QueryPlan/ReadFromStreamLikeEngine.h> #include <QueryPipeline/Pipe.h> #include <Storages/FileLog/FileLogSource.h> #include <Storages/FileLog/StorageFileLog.h> #include <Storages/SelectQueryInfo.h> #include <Storages/StorageFactory.h> #include <Storages/StorageMaterializedView.h> #include <Storages/checkAndGetLiteralArgument.h> #include <Common/Exception.h> #include <Common/Macros.h> #include <Common/filesystemHelpers.h> #include <Common/getNumberOfPhysicalCPUCores.h> #include <Common/logger_useful.h> #include <sys/stat.h> namespace DB { namespace ErrorCodes { extern const int NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH; extern const int BAD_ARGUMENTS; extern const int CANNOT_STAT; extern const int BAD_FILE_TYPE; extern const int CANNOT_READ_ALL_DATA; extern const int LOGICAL_ERROR; extern const int TABLE_METADATA_ALREADY_EXISTS; extern const int CANNOT_SELECT; extern const int QUERY_NOT_ALLOWED; } namespace { const auto MAX_THREAD_WORK_DURATION_MS = 60000; } static constexpr auto TMP_SUFFIX = ".tmp"; class ReadFromStorageFileLog final : public ReadFromStreamLikeEngine { public: ReadFromStorageFileLog( const Names & column_names_, StoragePtr storage_, const StorageSnapshotPtr & storage_snapshot_, SelectQueryInfo & query_info, ContextPtr context_) : ReadFromStreamLikeEngine{column_names_, storage_snapshot_, query_info.storage_limits, context_} , column_names{column_names_} , storage{storage_} , storage_snapshot{storage_snapshot_} { } String getName() const override { return "ReadFromStorageFileLog"; } private: Pipe makePipe() final { auto & file_log = storage->as<StorageFileLog &>(); if (file_log.mv_attached) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::QUERY_NOT_ALLOWED, "Cannot read from StorageFileLog with attached materialized views"); std::lock_guard lock(file_log.file_infos_mutex); if (file_log.running_streams) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::CANNOT_SELECT, "Another select query is running on this table, need to wait it finish."); file_log.updateFileInfos(); /// No files to parse if (file_log.file_infos.file_names.empty()) { LOG_WARNING(file_log.log, "There is a idle table named {}, no files need to parse.", getName()); return Pipe{}; } auto modified_context = Context::createCopy(getContext()); auto max_streams_number = std::min<UInt64>(file_log.filelog_settings->max_threads, file_log.file_infos.file_names.size()); /// Each stream responsible for closing it's files and store meta file_log.openFilesAndSetPos(); Pipes pipes; pipes.reserve(max_streams_number); for (size_t stream_number = 0; stream_number < max_streams_number; ++stream_number) { pipes.emplace_back(std::make_shared<FileLogSource>( file_log, storage_snapshot, modified_context, column_names, file_log.getMaxBlockSize(), file_log.getPollTimeoutMillisecond(), stream_number, max_streams_number, file_log.filelog_settings->handle_error_mode)); } return Pipe::unitePipes(std::move(pipes)); } const Names column_names; StoragePtr storage; StorageSnapshotPtr storage_snapshot; }; StorageFileLog::StorageFileLog( const StorageID & table_id_, ContextPtr context_, const ColumnsDescription & columns_, const String & path_, const String & metadata_base_path_, const String & format_name_, std::unique_ptr<FileLogSettings> settings, const String & comment, LoadingStrictnessLevel mode) : IStorage(table_id_) , WithContext(context_->getGlobalContext()) , filelog_settings(std::move(settings)) , path(path_) , metadata_base_path(std::filesystem::path(metadata_base_path_) / "metadata") , format_name(format_name_) , log(getLogger("StorageFileLog (" + table_id_.table_name + ")")) , disk(getContext()->getStoragePolicy("default")->getDisks().at(0)) , milliseconds_to_wait(filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_init.totalMilliseconds()) { StorageInMemoryMetadata storage_metadata; storage_metadata.setColumns(columns_); storage_metadata.setComment(comment); setInMemoryMetadata(storage_metadata); setVirtuals(createVirtuals(filelog_settings->handle_error_mode)); if (!fileOrSymlinkPathStartsWith(path, getContext()->getUserFilesPath())) { if (LoadingStrictnessLevel::SECONDARY_CREATE <= mode) { LOG_ERROR(log, "The absolute data path should be inside `user_files_path`({})", getContext()->getUserFilesPath()); return; } else throw Exception( ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "The absolute data path should be inside `user_files_path`({})", getContext()->getUserFilesPath()); } bool created_metadata_directory = false; try { if (mode < LoadingStrictnessLevel::ATTACH) { if (disk->exists(metadata_base_path)) { throw Exception( ErrorCodes::TABLE_METADATA_ALREADY_EXISTS, "Metadata files already exist by path: {}, remove them manually if it is intended", metadata_base_path); } disk->createDirectories(metadata_base_path); created_metadata_directory = true; } loadMetaFiles(LoadingStrictnessLevel::ATTACH <= mode); loadFiles(); assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.meta_by_inode.size()); assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.context_by_name.size()); if (path_is_directory) directory_watch = std::make_unique<FileLogDirectoryWatcher>(root_data_path, this, getContext()); auto thread = getContext()->getSchedulePool().createTask(log->name(), [this] { threadFunc(); }); task = std::make_shared<TaskContext>(std::move(thread)); } catch (...) { if (mode <= LoadingStrictnessLevel::ATTACH) { if (created_metadata_directory) disk->removeRecursive(metadata_base_path); throw; } tryLogCurrentException(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__); } } VirtualColumnsDescription StorageFileLog::createVirtuals(StreamingHandleErrorMode handle_error_mode) { VirtualColumnsDescription desc; desc.addEphemeral("_filename", std::make_shared<DataTypeLowCardinality>(std::make_shared<DataTypeString>()), ""); desc.addEphemeral("_offset", std::make_shared<DataTypeUInt64>(), ""); if (handle_error_mode == StreamingHandleErrorMode::STREAM) { desc.addEphemeral("_raw_record", std::make_shared<DataTypeNullable>(std::make_shared<DataTypeString>()), ""); desc.addEphemeral("_error", std::make_shared<DataTypeNullable>(std::make_shared<DataTypeString>()), ""); } return desc; } void StorageFileLog::loadMetaFiles(bool attach) { /// Attach table if (attach) { /// Meta file may lost, log and create directory if (!disk->exists(metadata_base_path)) { /// Create metadata_base_path directory when store meta data LOG_ERROR(log, "Metadata files of table {} are lost.", getStorageID().getTableName()); } /// Load all meta info to file_infos; deserialize(); } } void StorageFileLog::loadFiles() { auto absolute_path = std::filesystem::absolute(path); absolute_path = absolute_path.lexically_normal(); /// Normalize path. if (std::filesystem::is_regular_file(absolute_path)) { path_is_directory = false; root_data_path = absolute_path.parent_path(); file_infos.file_names.push_back(absolute_path.filename()); } else if (std::filesystem::is_directory(absolute_path)) { root_data_path = absolute_path; /// Just consider file with depth 1 for (const auto & dir_entry : std::filesystem::directory_iterator{absolute_path}) { if (dir_entry.is_regular_file()) { file_infos.file_names.push_back(dir_entry.path().filename()); } } } else { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "The path {} neither a regular file, nor a directory", absolute_path.c_str()); } /// Get files inode for (const auto & file : file_infos.file_names) { auto inode = getInode(getFullDataPath(file)); file_infos.context_by_name.emplace(file, FileContext{.inode = inode}); } /// Update file meta or create file meta for (const auto & [file, ctx] : file_infos.context_by_name) { if (auto it = file_infos.meta_by_inode.find(ctx.inode); it != file_infos.meta_by_inode.end()) { /// data file have been renamed, need update meta file's name if (it->second.file_name != file) { disk->replaceFile(getFullMetaPath(it->second.file_name), getFullMetaPath(file)); it->second.file_name = file; } } /// New file else { FileMeta meta{file, 0, 0}; file_infos.meta_by_inode.emplace(ctx.inode, meta); } } /// Clear unneeded meta file, because data files may be deleted if (file_infos.meta_by_inode.size() > file_infos.context_by_name.size()) { InodeToFileMeta valid_metas; valid_metas.reserve(file_infos.context_by_name.size()); for (const auto & [inode, meta] : file_infos.meta_by_inode) { /// Note, here we need to use inode to judge does the meta file is valid. /// In the case that when a file deleted, then we create new file with the /// same name, it will have different inode number with stored meta file, /// so the stored meta file is invalid if (auto it = file_infos.context_by_name.find(meta.file_name); it != file_infos.context_by_name.end() && it->second.inode == inode) valid_metas.emplace(inode, meta); /// Delete meta file from filesystem else disk->removeFileIfExists(getFullMetaPath(meta.file_name)); } file_infos.meta_by_inode.swap(valid_metas); } } void StorageFileLog::serialize() const { for (const auto & [inode, meta] : file_infos.meta_by_inode) serialize(inode, meta); } void StorageFileLog::serialize(UInt64 inode, const FileMeta & file_meta) const { auto full_path = getFullMetaPath(file_meta.file_name); if (disk->exists(full_path)) { checkOffsetIsValid(file_meta.file_name, file_meta.last_writen_position); } std::string tmp_path = full_path + TMP_SUFFIX; disk->removeFileIfExists(tmp_path); try { disk->createFile(tmp_path); auto out = disk->writeFile(tmp_path); writeIntText(inode, out); writeChar('\n', out); writeIntText(file_meta.last_writen_position, out); } catch (...) { disk->removeFileIfExists(tmp_path); throw; } disk->replaceFile(tmp_path, full_path); } void StorageFileLog::deserialize() { if (!disk->exists(metadata_base_path)) return; std::vector<std::string> files_to_remove; /// In case of single file (not a watched directory), /// iterated directory always has one file inside. for (const auto dir_iter = disk->iterateDirectory(metadata_base_path); dir_iter->isValid(); dir_iter->next()) { const auto & filename = dir_iter->name(); if (filename.ends_with(TMP_SUFFIX)) { files_to_remove.push_back(getFullMetaPath(filename)); continue; } auto [metadata, inode] = readMetadata(filename); if (!metadata) continue; file_infos.meta_by_inode.emplace(inode, metadata); } for (const auto & file : files_to_remove) disk->removeFile(file); } UInt64 StorageFileLog::getInode(const String & file_name) { struct stat file_stat; if (stat(file_name.c_str(), &file_stat)) { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::CANNOT_STAT, "Can not get stat info of file {}", file_name); } return file_stat.st_ino; } void StorageFileLog::read( QueryPlan & query_plan, const Names & column_names, const StorageSnapshotPtr & storage_snapshot, SelectQueryInfo & query_info, ContextPtr query_context, QueryProcessingStage::Enum /* processed_stage /, size_t / max_block_size /, size_t / num_streams /) { query_plan.addStep( std::make_unique<ReadFromStorageFileLog>(column_names, shared_from_this(), storage_snapshot, query_info, std::move(query_context))); } void StorageFileLog::increaseStreams() { running_streams += 1; } void StorageFileLog::reduceStreams() { running_streams -= 1; } void StorageFileLog::drop() { try { (void)std::filesystem::remove_all(metadata_base_path); } catch (...) { tryLogCurrentException(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__); } } void StorageFileLog::startup() { if (task) task->holder->activateAndSchedule(); } void StorageFileLog::shutdown(bool) { if (task) { task->stream_cancelled = true; /// Reader thread may wait for wake up wakeUp(); LOG_TRACE(log, "Waiting for cleanup"); task->holder->deactivate(); /// If no reading call and threadFunc, the log files will never /// be opened, also just leave the work of close files and /// store meta to streams. because if we close files in here, /// may result in data race with unfinishing reading pipeline } } void StorageFileLog::assertStreamGood(const std::ifstream & reader) { if (!reader.good()) { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::CANNOT_READ_ALL_DATA, "Stream is in bad state"); } } void StorageFileLog::openFilesAndSetPos() { for (const auto & file : file_infos.file_names) { auto & file_ctx = findInMap(file_infos.context_by_name, file); if (file_ctx.status != FileStatus::NO_CHANGE) { file_ctx.reader.emplace(getFullDataPath(file)); auto & reader = file_ctx.reader.value(); assertStreamGood(reader); reader.seekg(0, reader.end); /// NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance) assertStreamGood(reader); auto file_end = reader.tellg(); assertStreamGood(reader); auto & meta = findInMap(file_infos.meta_by_inode, file_ctx.inode); if (meta.last_writen_position > static_cast<UInt64>(file_end)) { throw Exception( ErrorCodes::CANNOT_READ_ALL_DATA, "Last saved offsset for File {} is bigger than file size ({} > {})", file, meta.last_writen_position, file_end); } /// update file end at the moment, used in ReadBuffer and serialize meta.last_open_end = file_end; reader.seekg(meta.last_writen_position); assertStreamGood(reader); } } serialize(); } void StorageFileLog::closeFilesAndStoreMeta(size_t start, size_t end) { assert(start < end); assert(end <= file_infos.file_names.size()); for (size_t i = start; i < end; ++i) { auto & file_ctx = findInMap(file_infos.context_by_name, file_infos.file_names[i]); if (file_ctx.reader) { if (file_ctx.reader->is_open()) file_ctx.reader->close(); } auto & meta = findInMap(file_infos.meta_by_inode, file_ctx.inode); serialize(file_ctx.inode, meta); } } void StorageFileLog::storeMetas(size_t start, size_t end) { assert(start < end); assert(end <= file_infos.file_names.size()); for (size_t i = start; i < end; ++i) { auto & file_ctx = findInMap(file_infos.context_by_name, file_infos.file_names[i]); auto & meta = findInMap(file_infos.meta_by_inode, file_ctx.inode); serialize(file_ctx.inode, meta); } } void StorageFileLog::checkOffsetIsValid(const String & filename, UInt64 offset) const { auto [metadata, _] = readMetadata(filename); if (metadata.last_writen_position > offset) { throw Exception( ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Last stored last_written_position in meta file {} is bigger than current last_written_pos ({} > {})", filename, metadata.last_writen_position, offset); } } StorageFileLog::ReadMetadataResult StorageFileLog::readMetadata(const String & filename) const { auto full_path = getFullMetaPath(filename); if (!disk->isFile(full_path)) { throw Exception( ErrorCodes::BAD_FILE_TYPE, "The file {} under {} is not a regular file", filename, metadata_base_path); } auto in = disk->readFile(full_path); FileMeta metadata; UInt64 inode, last_written_pos; if (in->eof()) /// File is empty. { disk->removeFile(full_path); return {}; } if (!tryReadIntText(inode, in)) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::CANNOT_READ_ALL_DATA, "Read meta file {} failed (1)", full_path); if (!checkChar('\n', in)) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::CANNOT_READ_ALL_DATA, "Read meta file {} failed (2)", full_path); if (!tryReadIntText(last_written_pos, in)) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::CANNOT_READ_ALL_DATA, "Read meta file {} failed (3)", full_path); metadata.file_name = filename; metadata.last_writen_position = last_written_pos; return { metadata, inode }; } size_t StorageFileLog::getMaxBlockSize() const { return filelog_settings->max_block_size.changed ? filelog_settings->max_block_size.value : getContext()->getSettingsRef().max_insert_block_size.value; } size_t StorageFileLog::getPollMaxBatchSize() const { size_t batch_size = filelog_settings->poll_max_batch_size.changed ? filelog_settings->poll_max_batch_size.value : getContext()->getSettingsRef().max_block_size.value; return std::min(batch_size, getMaxBlockSize()); } size_t StorageFileLog::getPollTimeoutMillisecond() const { return filelog_settings->poll_timeout_ms.changed ? filelog_settings->poll_timeout_ms.totalMilliseconds() : getContext()->getSettingsRef().stream_poll_timeout_ms.totalMilliseconds(); } bool StorageFileLog::checkDependencies(const StorageID & table_id) { // Check if all dependencies are attached auto view_ids = DatabaseCatalog::instance().getDependentViews(table_id); if (view_ids.empty()) return true; for (const auto & view_id : view_ids) { auto view = DatabaseCatalog::instance().tryGetTable(view_id, getContext()); if (!view) return false; // If it materialized view, check it's target table auto * materialized_view = dynamic_cast<StorageMaterializedView >(view.get()); if (materialized_view && !materialized_view->tryGetTargetTable()) return false; // Check all its dependencies if (!checkDependencies(view_id)) return false; } return true; } size_t StorageFileLog::getTableDependentCount() const { auto table_id = getStorageID(); // Check if at least one direct dependency is attached return DatabaseCatalog::instance().getDependentViews(table_id).size(); } void StorageFileLog::threadFunc() { bool reschedule = false; try { auto table_id = getStorageID(); auto dependencies_count = getTableDependentCount(); if (dependencies_count) { auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); mv_attached.store(true); // Keep streaming as long as there are attached views and streaming is not cancelled while (!task->stream_cancelled) { if (!checkDependencies(table_id)) { /// For this case, we can not wait for watch thread to wake up reschedule = true; break; } LOG_DEBUG(log, "Started streaming to {} attached views", dependencies_count); if (streamToViews()) { LOG_TRACE(log, "Stream stalled. Reschedule."); if (milliseconds_to_wait < static_cast<uint64_t>(filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_max.totalMilliseconds())) milliseconds_to_wait = filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_factor.value; break; } else { milliseconds_to_wait = filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_init.totalMilliseconds(); } auto ts = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(ts-start_time); if (duration.count() > MAX_THREAD_WORK_DURATION_MS) { LOG_TRACE(log, "Thread work duration limit exceeded. Reschedule."); reschedule = true; break; } } } } catch (...) { tryLogCurrentException(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__); } mv_attached.store(false); // Wait for attached views if (!task->stream_cancelled) { if (path_is_directory) { if (!getTableDependentCount() \|\| reschedule) task->holder->scheduleAfter(milliseconds_to_wait); else { std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex); /// Waiting for watch directory thread to wake up cv.wait(lock, [this] { return has_new_events; }); has_new_events = false; if (task->stream_cancelled) return; task->holder->schedule(); } } else task->holder->scheduleAfter(milliseconds_to_wait); } } bool StorageFileLog::streamToViews() { std::lock_guard lock(file_infos_mutex); if (running_streams) { LOG_INFO(log, "Another select query is running on this table, need to wait it finish."); return true; } Stopwatch watch; auto table_id = getStorageID(); auto table = DatabaseCatalog::instance().getTable(table_id, getContext()); if (!table) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Engine table {} doesn't exist", table_id.getNameForLogs()); auto metadata_snapshot = getInMemoryMetadataPtr(); auto storage_snapshot = getStorageSnapshot(metadata_snapshot, getContext()); auto max_streams_number = std::min<UInt64>(filelog_settings->max_threads.value, file_infos.file_names.size()); /// No files to parse if (max_streams_number == 0) { LOG_INFO(log, "There is a idle table named {}, no files need to parse.", getName()); return updateFileInfos(); } // Create an INSERT query for streaming data auto insert = std::make_shared<ASTInsertQuery>(); insert->table_id = table_id; auto new_context = Context::createCopy(getContext()); InterpreterInsertQuery interpreter( insert, new_context, /* allow_materialized / false, / no_squash / true, / no_destination / true, / async_isnert / false); auto block_io = interpreter.execute(); /// Each stream responsible for closing it's files and store meta openFilesAndSetPos(); Pipes pipes; pipes.reserve(max_streams_number); for (size_t stream_number = 0; stream_number < max_streams_number; ++stream_number) { pipes.emplace_back(std::make_shared<FileLogSource>( this, storage_snapshot, new_context, block_io.pipeline.getHeader().getNames(), getPollMaxBatchSize(), getPollTimeoutMillisecond(), stream_number, max_streams_number, filelog_settings->handle_error_mode)); } auto input= Pipe::unitePipes(std::move(pipes)); assertBlocksHaveEqualStructure(input.getHeader(), block_io.pipeline.getHeader(), "StorageFileLog streamToViews"); std::atomic<size_t> rows = 0; { block_io.pipeline.complete(std::move(input)); block_io.pipeline.setNumThreads(max_streams_number); block_io.pipeline.setConcurrencyControl(new_context->getSettingsRef().use_concurrency_control); block_io.pipeline.setProgressCallback([&](const Progress & progress) { rows += progress.read_rows.load(); }); CompletedPipelineExecutor executor(block_io.pipeline); executor.execute(); } UInt64 milliseconds = watch.elapsedMilliseconds(); LOG_DEBUG(log, "Pushing {} rows to {} took {} ms.", rows, table_id.getNameForLogs(), milliseconds); return updateFileInfos(); } void StorageFileLog::wakeUp() { std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex); has_new_events = true; lock.unlock(); cv.notify_one(); } void registerStorageFileLog(StorageFactory & factory) { auto creator_fn = [](const StorageFactory::Arguments & args) { ASTs & engine_args = args.engine_args; size_t args_count = engine_args.size(); bool has_settings = args.storage_def->settings; auto filelog_settings = std::make_unique<FileLogSettings>(); if (has_settings) { filelog_settings->loadFromQuery(*args.storage_def); } auto physical_cpu_cores = getNumberOfPhysicalCPUCores(); auto num_threads = filelog_settings->max_threads.value; if (!num_threads) /// Default { num_threads = std::max(1U, physical_cpu_cores / 4); filelog_settings->set("max_threads", num_threads); } else if (num_threads > physical_cpu_cores) { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Number of threads to parse files can not be bigger than {}", physical_cpu_cores); } else if (num_threads < 1) { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Number of threads to parse files can not be lower than 1"); } if (filelog_settings->max_block_size.changed && filelog_settings->max_block_size.value < 1) { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "filelog_max_block_size can not be lower than 1"); } if (filelog_settings->poll_max_batch_size.changed && filelog_settings->poll_max_batch_size.value < 1) { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "filelog_poll_max_batch_size can not be lower than 1"); } size_t init_sleep_time = filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_init.totalMilliseconds(); size_t max_sleep_time = filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_max.totalMilliseconds(); if (init_sleep_time > max_sleep_time) { throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_init can not " "be greater than poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_max"); } if (filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_factor.changed && !filelog_settings->poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_factor.value) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "poll_directory_watch_events_backoff_factor can not be 0"); if (args_count != 2) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH, "Arguments size of StorageFileLog should be 2, path and format name"); auto path_ast = evaluateConstantExpressionAsLiteral(engine_args[0], args.getContext()); auto format_ast = evaluateConstantExpressionAsLiteral(engine_args[1], args.getContext()); auto path = checkAndGetLiteralArgument<String>(path_ast, "path"); auto format = checkAndGetLiteralArgument<String>(format_ast, "format"); return std::make_shared<StorageFileLog>( args.table_id, args.getContext(), args.columns, path, args.relative_data_path, format, std::move(filelog_settings), args.comment, args.mode); }; factory.registerStorage( "FileLog", creator_fn, StorageFactory::StorageFeatures{ .supports_settings = true, }); } bool StorageFileLog::updateFileInfos() { if (file_infos.file_names.empty()) return false; if (!directory_watch) { /// For table just watch one file, we can not use directory monitor to watch it if (!path_is_directory) { assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.meta_by_inode.size()); assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.context_by_name.size()); assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == 1); if (auto it = file_infos.context_by_name.find(file_infos.file_names[0]); it != file_infos.context_by_name.end()) { it->second.status = FileStatus::UPDATED; return true; } } return false; } /// Do not need to hold file_status lock, since it will be holded /// by caller when call this function auto error = directory_watch->getErrorAndReset(); if (error.has_error) LOG_ERROR(log, "Error happened during watching directory {}: {}", directory_watch->getPath(), error.error_msg); /// These file infos should always have same size(one for one) before update and after update assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.meta_by_inode.size()); assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.context_by_name.size()); auto events = directory_watch->getEventsAndReset(); for (const auto & [file_name, event_infos] : events) { String file_path = getFullDataPath(file_name); for (const auto & event_info : event_infos.file_events) { switch (event_info.type) { case DirectoryWatcherBase::DW_ITEM_ADDED: { LOG_TRACE(log, "New event {} watched, file_name: {}", event_info.callback, file_name); /// Check if it is a regular file, and new file may be renamed or removed if (std::filesystem::is_regular_file(file_path)) { auto inode = getInode(file_path); file_infos.file_names.push_back(file_name); if (auto it = file_infos.meta_by_inode.find(inode); it != file_infos.meta_by_inode.end()) it->second = FileMeta{.file_name = file_name}; else file_infos.meta_by_inode.emplace(inode, FileMeta{.file_name = file_name}); if (auto it = file_infos.context_by_name.find(file_name); it != file_infos.context_by_name.end()) it->second = FileContext{.status = FileStatus::OPEN, .inode = inode}; else file_infos.context_by_name.emplace(file_name, FileContext{.inode = inode}); } break; } case DirectoryWatcherBase::DW_ITEM_MODIFIED: { LOG_TRACE(log, "New event {} watched, file_name: {}", event_info.callback, file_name); /// When new file added and appended, it has two event: DW_ITEM_ADDED /// and DW_ITEM_MODIFIED, since the order of these two events in the /// sequence is uncentain, so we may can not find it in file_infos, just /// skip it, the file info will be handled in DW_ITEM_ADDED case. if (auto it = file_infos.context_by_name.find(file_name); it != file_infos.context_by_name.end()) it->second.status = FileStatus::UPDATED; break; } case DirectoryWatcherBase::DW_ITEM_REMOVED: case DirectoryWatcherBase::DW_ITEM_MOVED_FROM: { LOG_TRACE(log, "New event {} watched, file_name: {}", event_info.callback, file_name); if (auto it = file_infos.context_by_name.find(file_name); it != file_infos.context_by_name.end()) it->second.status = FileStatus::REMOVED; break; } case DirectoryWatcherBase::DW_ITEM_MOVED_TO: { LOG_TRACE(log, "New event {} watched, file_name: {}", event_info.callback, file_name); /// Similar to DW_ITEM_ADDED, but if it removed from an old file /// should obtain old meta file and rename meta file if (std::filesystem::is_regular_file(file_path)) { file_infos.file_names.push_back(file_name); auto inode = getInode(file_path); if (auto it = file_infos.context_by_name.find(file_name); it != file_infos.context_by_name.end()) it->second = FileContext{.inode = inode}; else file_infos.context_by_name.emplace(file_name, FileContext{.inode = inode}); /// File has been renamed, we should also rename meta file if (auto it = file_infos.meta_by_inode.find(inode); it != file_infos.meta_by_inode.end()) { auto old_name = it->second.file_name; it->second.file_name = file_name; if (std::filesystem::exists(getFullMetaPath(old_name))) std::filesystem::rename(getFullMetaPath(old_name), getFullMetaPath(file_name)); } /// May move from other place, adding new meta info else file_infos.meta_by_inode.emplace(inode, FileMeta{.file_name = file_name}); } } } } } std::vector<String> valid_files; /// Remove file infos with REMOVE status for (const auto & file_name : file_infos.file_names) { if (auto it = file_infos.context_by_name.find(file_name); it != file_infos.context_by_name.end()) { if (it->second.status == FileStatus::REMOVED) { /// We need to check that this inode does not hold by other file(mv), /// otherwise, we can not destroy it. auto inode = it->second.inode; /// If it's now hold by other file, than the file_name should has /// been changed during updating file_infos if (auto meta = file_infos.meta_by_inode.find(inode); meta != file_infos.meta_by_inode.end() && meta->second.file_name == file_name) file_infos.meta_by_inode.erase(meta); if (std::filesystem::exists(getFullMetaPath(file_name))) (void)std::filesystem::remove(getFullMetaPath(file_name)); file_infos.context_by_name.erase(it); } else { valid_files.push_back(file_name); } } } file_infos.file_names.swap(valid_files); /// These file infos should always have same size(one for one) assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.meta_by_inode.size()); assert(file_infos.file_names.size() == file_infos.context_by_name.size()); return events.empty() \|\| file_infos.file_names.empty(); } } ```
Sea Dragon or seadragon may refer to: Animals Leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques) Phyllopteryx genus Common seadragon or weedy seadragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) Ruby seadragon (Phyllopteryx dewysea) Glaucus atlanticus, a sea slug Thalassiodracon, a plesiosaur pliosauroid genus Thalassodraco, an ichthyosaur genus Military Operation Sea Dragon (Vietnam War), a military operation MH-53E Sea Dragon, a helicopter USS Seadragon, two ships of the US Navy Kairyū-class submarine ("Sea Dragon"), a class of Japanese submarines Blohm & Voss BV 138B, "Seedrache (Sea Dragon)", Luftwaffe's main long-range maritime reconnaissance flying boat Sea Dragon, China's People's Liberation Navy commando force Other uses Sea Dragon (rocket), a 1960s proposed American super heavy lift two stage sea launched rocket Sea Dragon (roller coaster) Sea Dragon-class ROV, a remotely operated underwater vehicle developed by China Sea Dragon (video game), is a horizontally scrolling shooter for the TRS-80 computer, written by Wayne Westmoreland and Terry Gilman, and released in 1982 by Adventure International Sea serpent, a mythical sea creature Seadragon, a zooming technology by Seadragon Software Sea Dragon, a fictional creature in the Majipoor novel series Sea Dragon Leviathan, an organism in Subnautica Ichthyosaur Francisco José do Nascimento (1839-1914), Brazilian maritime pilot and abolitionist known as "Dragão do Mar" (Sea Dragon) See also Sea Monsters (disambiguation) Dragonfish (disambiguation) The Dragon in the Sea, a novel by Frank Herbert
Emanuel Brouwer (28 May 1881 – 6 July 1954) was a Dutch gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Dutch gymnastics team, which finished seventh in the team event. In the individual all-around competition he finished 64th. He was born in Amsterdam and died in Huizen. References External links 1881 births 1954 deaths Dutch male artistic gymnasts Gymnasts at the 1908 Summer Olympics Olympic gymnasts for the Netherlands Gymnasts from Amsterdam
```javascript /! FileInput Norwegian Translations * * This file must be loaded after 'fileinput.js'. Patterns in braces '{}', or * any HTML markup tags in the messages must not be converted or translated. * * @see path_to_url * * NOTE: this file must be saved in UTF-8 encoding. */ (function ($) { "use strict"; $.fn.fileinputLocales['no'] = { fileSingle: 'fil', filePlural: 'filer', browseLabel: 'Bla gjennom …', removeLabel: 'Fjern', removeTitle: 'Fjern valgte filer', cancelLabel: 'Avbryt', cancelTitle: 'Stopp pgende opplastninger', pauseLabel: 'Pause', pauseTitle: 'Pause ongoing upload', uploadLabel: 'Last opp', uploadTitle: 'Last opp valgte filer', msgNo: 'Nei', msgNoFilesSelected: 'Ingen filer er valgt', msgPaused: 'Paused', msgCancelled: 'Avbrutt', msgPlaceholder: 'Select {files}...', msgZoomModalHeading: 'Detaljert visning', msgFileRequired: 'You must select a file to upload.', msgSizeTooSmall: 'Filen "{name}" (<b>{size} KB</b>) er for liten og m vre strre enn <b>{minSize} KB</b>.', msgSizeTooLarge: 'Filen "{name}" (<b>{size} KB</b>) er for stor, maksimal filstrrelse er <b>{maxSize} KB</b>.', msgFilesTooLess: 'Du m velge minst <b>{n}</b> {files} for opplastning.', msgFilesTooMany: 'For mange filer til opplastning, <b>({n})</b> overstiger maksantallet som er <b>{m}</b>.', msgTotalFilesTooMany: 'You can upload a maximum of <b>{m}</b> files (<b>{n}</b> files detected).', msgFileNotFound: 'Fant ikke filen "{name}"!', msgFileSecured: 'Sikkerhetsrestriksjoner hindrer lesing av filen "{name}".', msgFileNotReadable: 'Filen "{name}" er ikke lesbar.', msgFilePreviewAborted: 'Filvisning avbrutt for "{name}".', msgFilePreviewError: 'En feil oppstod under lesing av filen "{name}".', msgInvalidFileName: 'Ugyldige tegn i filen "{name}".', msgInvalidFileType: 'Ugyldig type for filen "{name}". Kun "{types}" filer er tillatt.', msgInvalidFileExtension: 'Ugyldig endelse for filen "{name}". Kun "{extensions}" filer stttes.', msgFileTypes: { 'image': 'image', 'html': 'HTML', 'text': 'text', 'video': 'video', 'audio': 'audio', 'flash': 'flash', 'pdf': 'PDF', 'object': 'object' }, msgUploadAborted: 'Filopplastningen ble avbrutt', msgUploadThreshold: 'Prosesserer...', msgUploadBegin: 'Initialiserer...', msgUploadEnd: 'Ferdig', msgUploadResume: 'Resuming upload...', msgUploadEmpty: 'Ingen gyldige data tilgjengelig for opplastning.', msgUploadError: 'Upload Error', msgDeleteError: 'Delete Error', msgProgressError: 'Error', msgValidationError: 'Valideringsfeil', msgLoading: 'Laster fil {index} av {files} …', msgProgress: 'Laster fil {index} av {files} - {name} - {percent}% fullfrt.', msgSelected: '{n} {files} valgt', msgFoldersNotAllowed: 'Kun Dra & slipp filer! Hoppet over {n} mappe(r).', msgImageWidthSmall: 'Bredde p bildefilen "{name}" m vre minst {size} px.', msgImageHeightSmall: 'Hyde p bildefilen "{name}" m vre minst {size} px.', msgImageWidthLarge: 'Bredde p bildefilen "{name}" kan ikke overstige {size} px.', msgImageHeightLarge: 'Hyde p bildefilen "{name}" kan ikke overstige {size} px.', msgImageResizeError: 'Fant ikke dimensjonene som skulle resizes.', msgImageResizeException: 'En feil oppstod under endring av strrelse .<pre>{errors}</pre>', msgAjaxError: 'Noe gikk galt med {operation} operasjonen. Vennligst prv igjen senere!', msgAjaxProgressError: '{operation} feilet', msgDuplicateFile: 'File "{name}" of same size "{size} KB" has already been selected earlier. Skipping duplicate selection.', msgResumableUploadRetriesExceeded: 'Upload aborted beyond <b>{max}</b> retries for file <b>{file}</b>! Error Details: <pre>{error}</pre>', msgPendingTime: '{time} remaining', msgCalculatingTime: 'calculating time remaining', ajaxOperations: { deleteThumb: 'file delete', uploadThumb: 'file upload', uploadBatch: 'batch file upload', uploadExtra: 'form data upload' }, dropZoneTitle: 'Dra & slipp filer her …', dropZoneClickTitle: '<br>(eller klikk for velge {files})', fileActionSettings: { removeTitle: 'Fjern fil', uploadTitle: 'Last opp fil', uploadRetryTitle: 'Retry upload', zoomTitle: 'Vis detaljer', dragTitle: 'Flytt / endre rekkeflge', indicatorNewTitle: 'Opplastning ikke fullfrt', indicatorSuccessTitle: 'Opplastet', indicatorErrorTitle: 'Opplastningsfeil', indicatorPausedTitle: 'Upload Paused', indicatorLoadingTitle: 'Laster opp ...' }, previewZoomButtonTitles: { prev: 'Vis forrige fil', next: 'Vis neste fil', toggleheader: 'Vis header', fullscreen: 'pne fullskjerm', borderless: 'pne uten kanter', close: 'Lukk detaljer' } }; })(window.jQuery); ```
Jorge Flores (born February 13, 1977) is an American former soccer midfielder who spent four seasons with the Dallas Burn in Major League Soccer. He was a member of the U.S. teams at the 1993 FIFA U-17 World Championship and 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship. Club Flores attended Paramount High School in Paramount, California, graduating in 1994. He was an outstanding youth soccer player. In February 1996, the Dallas Burn selected Flores in the 11th round (103rd overall) of the 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft. He became a starter with the Burn while continuing to play for the youth national teams. In 1998, he saw limited time due to a stress fracture. In 1999, he played one game for the Boston Bulldogs in the USL A-League and two on loan to the MLS Pro 40. The Burn released him in 2000. International In 1993, Flores played every minute for the United States U-17 men's national soccer team at the 1993 FIFA U-17 World Championship. In 1997, he was a member of the United States U-20 men's national soccer team which went to the second round of the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship. On October 10, 1996, Flores played the first half in the United States men's national soccer team loss to Peru. References External links FIFA Player Profile 1977 births Living people American men's soccer players Boston Bulldogs (soccer) players FC Dallas players MLS Pro-40 players United States men's international soccer players Major League Soccer players A-League (1995–2004) players United States men's youth international soccer players United States men's under-20 international soccer players Soccer players from California Men's association football midfielders
Mechowo () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rymań, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Rymań, south-west of Kołobrzeg, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. References Villages in Kołobrzeg County
UFC 124: St-Pierre vs. Koscheck 2 was a mixed martial arts pay-per-view event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on December 11, 2010 at Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The event was the fourth that the UFC has hosted at the Bell Centre following UFC 83, UFC 97 and UFC 113 and the fifth event held in Canada along with UFC 115 which was held in Vancouver, British Columbia. Background A training injury forced Jason MacDonald out of his fight with Rafael Natal on October 20, 2010. He was replaced by UFC newcomer Jesse Bongfeldt. On October 26, 2010, Anthony Waldburger had to pull out of his fight with Matthew Riddle due to an injury. He was replaced by Sean Pierson. UFC 124 featured live preliminary bouts streamed on UFC.com rather than Spike TV due to the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards being aired in the same time slot. UFC 124 marked the first – and only – time that the UFC let the fans vote online for the Fight of the Night. Dana White stated after that he would never do this again and said "The real fight of the night belonged to Matt Riddle and Sean Pierson". Results Bonus awards Fighters were awarded $100,000 bonuses. Fight of the Night: Georges St-Pierre vs. Josh Koscheck Knockout of the Night: Mac Danzig Submission of the Night: Mark Bocek and Jim Miller (split, $50,000 each) References See also Ultimate Fighting Championship List of UFC champions List of UFC events 2010 in UFC Ultimate Fighting Championship events Mixed martial arts in Canada Sports competitions in Montreal 2010 in mixed martial arts 2010 in Quebec
Wise is a town in Wise County, Virginia. The population was 3,286 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Wise County. It was originally incorporated as the town of Gladeville in 1874. The town's name was changed to Wise in 1924, after Henry A. Wise, the last Virginia governor before the American Civil War and the first governor to hail from the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The town is also the home of the University of Virginia's College at Wise. Geography Wise is located in the middle of the county of Wise. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2), all of it land. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by mild, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wise has a subtropical highland climate, abbreviated "Cfb" on climate maps. The Trewartha climate classification is temperate oceanic due to five months of winter chill (monthly means below 10 °C (50 °F)), abbreviated "Do" on climate maps. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 3,255 people, 1,424 households, and 868 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,059.4 people per square mile (409.4/km2). There were 1,594 housing units at an average density of 518.8 per square mile (200.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.24% White, 1.94% African American, 0.28% Native American, 1.14% Asian, 0.77% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.41% of the population. There were 1,424 households, out of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.79. In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.7% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males. The median income for a household in the town was $28,531, and the median income for a family was $36,875. Males had a median income of $30,170 versus $21,389 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,760. About 12.6% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 69 or over. Education Wise features five public schools of the Wise County Public School System, one private school, and one college. Wise County School System public schools Wise Primary School L. F. Addington Middle School J. J. Kelly High School (1953-2011) Central High School (opened in 2011) Wise County Career-Technical Center Wise County Alternative Education Center Private schools Wise County Christian School Higher education University of Virginia's College at Wise Transportation The largest highway in Wise is Orby Cantrell Highway (US 23) a north–south highway that runs through the west end of the town. Wise is also home to the Lonesome Pine Airport (LNP). The airport is located approximately three miles northeast of the central business district. Theater and the arts The Pro-Art Association offers a variety of theatrical, musical, and fine-arts events throughout the school year. The Appalachian Children's Theater (ACT) promotes performing arts and fine arts education for children in Southwest Virginia, Eastern Kentucky, and Northeast Tennessee. In 2006, the organization opened its newly renovated facility on Main Street. The Charles W. Harris Art Gallery is located on the site of the Wise County Public Library. The University of Virginia's College at Wise possesses a state of the art theater that usually sees two productions a year. Notable people George C. Scott – actor, director, producer Carroll Dale – football player for the Los Angeles Rams and Green Bay Packers Glen Roberts – college basketball player Sister cities The Town of Wise has one sister city: Çeşme, İzmir Province, Turkey Historic downtown In early 1862, Gladeville served as the headquarters of Confederate General Humphrey Marshall, who had been assigned to defend southwest Virginia. Union forces raided the town on June 1, 1862, and captured the town clerk, Rev. Morgan T. Lipps, who reportedly insulted them. He was released, but the raiders burned half the town. The event is commemorated by a historical marker, and re-enactors engaged in a Civil War Living History Presentation and Re-Enactment on the second weekend of July each year. Three buildings on Main Street in the town of Wise are on the National Register of Historic Places. The Colonial Hotel, now known as the Inn at Wise Court House, was added to the Register in 1991. The Wise County Courthouse was added to the Register ten years earlier, in 1981. In February 2006, the Register listed the E. M. Fulton House. References External links Wise Official Website Towns in Wise County, Virginia Towns in Virginia County seats in Virginia Populated places established in 1874 1874 establishments in Virginia
Ivankovo railway station () is a railway station on Novska–Tovarnik railway. Located in Ivankovo. Railroad continued to Stari Mikanovci in one and the other direction to Vinkovci. Ivankovo railway station consists of 5 railway track. See also Croatian Railways Zagreb–Belgrade railway References Railway stations in Croatia
Tom Taylor (19 October 1817 – 12 July 1880) was an English dramatist, critic, biographer, public servant, and editor of Punch magazine. Taylor had a brief academic career, holding the professorship of English literature and language at University College, London in the 1840s, after which he practised law and became a civil servant. At the same time he became a journalist, most prominently as a contributor to, and eventually editor of Punch. In addition to these vocations, Taylor began a theatre career and became best known as a playwright, with up to 100 plays staged during his career. Many were adaptations of French plays, but these and his original works cover a range from farce to melodrama. Most fell into neglect after Taylor's death, but Our American Cousin (1858), which achieved great success in the 19th century, remains famous as the piece that was being performed in the presence of Abraham Lincoln when he was assassinated in 1865. Life and career Early years Taylor was born into a newly wealthy family at Bishopwearmouth, a suburb of Sunderland, in north-east England. He was the second son of Thomas Taylor (1769–1843) and his wife, Maria Josephina, née Arnold (1784–1858). His father had begun as a labourer on a small farm in Cumberland and had risen to become co-owner of a flourishing brewery in Durham. After attending the Grange School in Sunderland, and studying for two sessions at the University of Glasgow, Taylor became a student of Trinity College, Cambridge in 1837, was elected to a scholarship in 1838, and graduated with a BA in both classics and mathematics. He was elected a fellow of the college in 1842 and received his MA degree the following year. Taylor left Cambridge in late 1844 and moved to London, where for the next two years he pursued three careers simultaneously. He was professor of English language and literature at University College, London, while at the same time studying to become a barrister, and beginning his life's work as a writer.<ref name=archive>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.001.0001/odnb-9780192683120-e-27090 "Taylor, Tom], Dictionary of National Biography archive, accessed 1 October 2018 </ref> Taylor was called to the bar of the Middle Temple in November 1846. He resigned his university post, and practised on the northern legal circuit until he was appointed assistant secretary of the Board of Health in 1850. On the reconstruction of the board in 1854 he was made secretary, and on its abolition in 1858 his services were transferred to a department of the Home Office, retiring on a pension in 1876. Writer Taylor owed his fame and most of his income not to his academic, legal or government work, but to his writing. Soon after moving to London, he obtained remunerative work as a leader writer for the Morning Chronicle and the Daily News. He was also art critic for The Times and The Graphic for many years. He edited the Autobiography of B. R. Haydon (1853), the Autobiography and Correspondence of C. R. Leslie, R.A. (1860) and Pen Sketches from a Vanished Hand, selected from papers of Mortimer Collins, and wrote Life and Times of Sir Joshua Reynolds (1865). With his first contribution to Punch, on 19 October 1844, Taylor began a thirty-six year association with the magazine, which ended only with his death. During the 1840s he wrote on average three columns a month; in the 1850s and 1860s this output doubled. His biographer Craig Howes writes that Taylor's articles were generally humorous commentary or comic verses on politics, civic news, and the manners of the day. In 1874 he succeeded Charles William Shirley Brooks as editor. Taylor also established himself as a playwright and eventually produced about 100 plays. Between 1844 and 1846, the Lyceum Theatre staged at least seven of his plays, including extravanzas written with Albert Smith or Charles Kenney, and his first major success, the 1846 farce To Parents and Guardians. The Morning Post said of that piece, "The writing is admirable throughout – neat, natural and epigrammatic". It was as a dramatist that Taylor made the most impression – his biographer in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) wrote that in writing plays Taylor found his true vocation. In thirty-five years he wrote more than seventy plays for the principal London theatres. A substantial portion of Taylor's prolific output consisted of adaptations from the French or collaborations with other playwrights, notably Charles Reade. Some of his plots were adapted from the novels of Charles Dickens or others. Many of Taylor's plays were extremely popular, such as Masks and Faces, an extravaganza written in collaboration with Reade, produced at the Haymarket Theatre in November 1852. It was followed by the almost equally successful To Oblige Benson (Olympic Theatre, 1854), an adaptation from a French vaudeville. Others mentioned by the DNB are Plot and Passion (1853), Still Waters Run Deep (1855) and The Ticket-of-Leave Man (based on Le Retour de Melun by Édouard Brisebarre and Eugène Nus), a melodrama produced at the Olympic in 1863. Taylor also wrote a series of historical dramas (many in blank verse), including The Fool’s Revenge (1869), an adaption of Victor Hugo's Le roi s'amuse (also adapted by Verdi as Rigoletto), '''Twixt Axe and Crown (1870), Jeanne d'arc (1871), Lady Clancarty (1874) and Anne Boleyn (1875). The last of these, produced at the Haymarket in 1875, was Taylor's penultimate piece and only complete failure. In 1871 Taylor supplied the words to Arthur Sullivan's dramatic cantata, On Shore and Sea. Like his colleague W. S. Gilbert, Taylor believed that plays should be readable as well as actable; he followed Gilbert in having copies of his plays printed for public sale. Both authors did so at some risk, because it made matters easy for American pirates of their works in the days before international copyright protection. Taylor wrote, "I have no wish to screen myself from literary criticism behind the plea that my plays were meant to be acted. It seems to me that every drama submitted to the judgment of audiences should be prepared to encounter that of readers". Many of Taylor's plays were extremely popular, and several survived into the 20th century, although most are largely forgotten today. His Our American Cousin (1858) is now remembered chiefly as the play Abraham Lincoln was attending when he was assassinated, but it was revived many times during the 19th century with great success. It became celebrated as a vehicle for the popular comic actor Edward Sothern, and after his death, his sons, Lytton and E. H. Sothern, took over the part in revivals. Personal life Howes records that Taylor was described as "of middle height, bearded [with] a pugilistic jaw and eyes which glittered like steel". Known for his remarkable energy, he was a keen swimmer and rower, who rose daily at five or six and wrote for three hours before taking an hour's brisk walk from his house in Wandsworth to his Whitehall office. Some, like Ellen Terry, praised Taylor's kindness and generosity; others, including F. C. Burnand, found him obstinate and unforgiving. Terry wrote of Taylor in her memoirs: Terry's frequent stage partner, Henry Irving said that Taylor was an exception to the general rule that it was helpful, even though not essential, for a dramatist to be an actor to understand the techniques of stagecraft: "There is no dramatic author who more thoroughly understands his business". In 1855 Taylor married the composer, musician and artist Laura Wilson Barker (1819–1905). She contributed music to at least one of his plays, an overture and entr'acte to Joan of Arc (1871), and harmonisations to his translation Ballads and Songs of Brittany (1865). There were two children: the artist John Wycliffe Taylor (1859–1925) and Laura Lucy Arnold Taylor (1863–1940). Taylor and his family lived at 84 Lavender Sweep, Battersea, where they held Sunday musical soirees. Celebrities who attended included Lewis Carroll, Charles Dickens, Henry Irving, Charles Reade, Alfred Tennyson, Ellen Terry and William Makepeace Thackeray. Taylor died suddenly at his home in 1880 at the age of 62 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery. After his death, his widow retired to Coleshill, Buckinghamshire, where she died on 22 May 1905. Selected bibliography Valentine and Orson, 1844 Whittington and his Cat, 1844 Cinderella, 1844 A Trip to Kissingen, 1844 To Parents and Guardians, 1845 Diogenes and his Lantern, 1849 The Vicar of Wakefield, 1850 The Philosopher's Stone, 1850 Prince Dorus, 1850 Our Clerks, 1852 Wittikind and his Brothers, 1852 Plot and Passion, 1853 A Nice Firm, 1853 Masks and Faces, 1854 To Oblige Benson, 1854 Two Loves and a Life, 1854 Still Waters Run Deep, 1855 The King's Rival, 1855 Helping Hands, 1855 Retribution, 1856 Victims, 1857 A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing, 1857 An Unequal Match, 1857 Our American Cousin, 1858 Going to the Bad, 1858 New Men and Old Acres, 1859 A Tale of Two Cities, 1859 Barefaced Impostors, 1859 The Contested Election, 1859 Nine Points of the Law, 1859 The Overland Route, 1860 Up at the Hills, 1860 The Babes in the Wood, 1860 The Ticket-of-leave Man, 1863 Sense and Sensation, 1864 Henry Dunbar, 1865 The Sister's Penance, 1866 The Fool's Revenge, 1869 Mary Warner (1869) Twixt Axe and Crown, 1870 The Hidden Hand, 1870 Joan of Arc, 1871 Arkwright’s Wife, 1873 Lady Clancarty, 1874 Anne Boleyn, 1875 Settling Day, 1877 Source: Dictionary of National Biography. Notes Sources External links Lacy's Acting Edition of Victorian Plays New York Times obituary The Tom Taylor Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum 1817 births 1880 deaths 19th-century English dramatists and playwrights 19th-century British male writers Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Burials at Brompton Cemetery English male dramatists and playwrights Writers from Sunderland People associated with Gilbert and Sullivan Punch (magazine) people
Peter Karlsson (born 11 August 1973) is a retired Swedish football midfielder. References 1973 births Living people Swedish men's footballers Örebro SK players Men's association football midfielders Allsvenskan players Place of birth missing (living people)
Gwaebeop Renecite Station () is a station of the BGLRT Line of Busan Metro in Gwaebeop-dong, Sasang District, Busan, South Korea. The subname in parentheses of BGL is Gangbyeon Park where the Samrak Riverside Sports Park is nearby. A riverside bridge is installed from this station to the Samrak Riverside Sports Park. Station Layout Exits Gallery External links Cyber station information from Busan Transportation Corporation Busan Metro stations Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit Sasang District Railway stations in South Korea opened in 2011
Hormizd (Middle Persian; in Hormisdas, Ormisdas; ) was a Sassanid Persian prince, the third son of King Hormizd II and brother-in-law of King Shapur II. Imprisoned by him, he was freed by his wife in 323 and escaped to Constantinople, where Roman Emperor Constantine I helped him and gave him a palace near the shore of the Marmara Sea. This palace became an important toponym of the city: its neighborhood (where the mosque of Little Hagia Sophia still stands) was known in Byzantine times as en tois Hormisdou (), meaning "near the houses of Hormisdas". The palace became later the private residence of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, before his accession to the throne. In 363, Hormizd served against Persia in the army of the Emperor Julian (361–363); in turn, his son, of the same name, later served as proconsul (Ammianus Marcellinus 26.8.12). References Sources Sasanian princes 4th-century Byzantine people 4th-century Iranian people Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown Rebellions against the Sasanian Empire Byzantine military personnel Byzantine people of Iranian descent Iranian defectors People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars Julian's Persian expedition Roman–Iranian relations
Route 170 is a major east/west highway on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, and it parallels the Saguenay River on the south side of it. The western terminus of Route 170 is in Métabetchouan–Lac-à-la-Croix at the junction of Route 169, at Lac Saint-Jean, and the eastern terminus is in Saint-Siméon, at the junction of Route 138, close to the Saint Lawrence River. It is a busy highway in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean part as it links the former cities of La Baie, Chicoutimi and Jonquière (now all part of Saguenay) together, and it provides the main link between the Lac-Saint-Jean and Saguenay areas. The stretch of road between La Baie and Saint-Siméon is a very scenic ride in the mountains and providing access to roads leading to the Saguenay Fjord. Municipalities along Route 170 Métabetchouan–Lac-à-la-Croix Saint-Gédéon Saint-Bruno Larouche Saguenay - (Jonquière / Chicoutimi / La Baie) Saint-Felix-d'Otis Rivière-Éternité L'Anse-Saint-Jean Petit-Saguenay Saint-Siméon See also List of Quebec provincial highways References External links Provincial Route Map (Courtesy of the Quebec Ministry of Transportation) 170 Roads in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean Transport in Saguenay, Quebec
Ancylis mitterbacheriana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in most of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula, most of the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine. The wingspan is about 13–17 mm. The forewings are ferruginous. The costa is strigulated with black and posteriorly with white. There is a subquadrate dark ferruginous-brown dorsal blotch reaching from the base to the middle, posteriorly whitish-edged and a thick very oblique deep ferruginous streak from middle of costa, sometimes reaching termen beneath apex. The hindwings are rather dark grey. The larva is dull green; head and plate of 2 yellow -brownish, blackish-marked Julius von Kennel provides a full description. Adults are on wing from May to June. The larvae feed on Quercus, Malus and Fagus species. References External links Lepiforum.de Moths described in 1775 Enarmoniini Moths of Europe Taxa named by Michael Denis Taxa named by Ignaz Schiffermüller
Özgül is a common feminine Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Özgül" means "specific". People Özgül Koşar, actress. Özgül Küçük, cryptography researcher at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Fictional characters Ayla Özgül, in German television soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten Turkish feminine given names Feminine given names
Robert Tynes House, also known as Tynes Plantation, is a historic plantation house located near Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Virginia. The house was built in 1750 and is a two-story, three-bay, Georgian style brick dwelling with a gambrel roof. The interior features a center-passage single-pile plan. Also on the property are the contributing garden and well, smokehouse / frame shed, and kitchen foundation. In 1802, its owner Timothy Tynes granted manumission of his 81 slaves and the division of his 4,000 acre estate primarily to his slaves. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. References Plantation houses in Virginia Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia Georgian architecture in Virginia Houses completed in 1750 Houses in Isle of Wight County, Virginia National Register of Historic Places in Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Henri Kanninen (born October 17, 1994) is a Finnish ice hockey player who plays as a centre for JYP Jyväskylä. References External links Living people JYP Jyväskylä players Finnish ice hockey centres 1994 births Ice hockey people from Jyväskylä 21st-century Finnish people
Steve Gotsche (born August 24, 1961) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour. Gotsche joined the PGA Tour in 1994, earning his Tour card through qualifying school. In his rookie year he recorded the best PGA Tour finish of his career, a fifth-place finish at the New England Classic. He didn't play well enough to retain his Tour card but earned his card through qualifying school for the second time. After an unsuccessful year on Tour, he joined the Nationwide Tour in 1996. He only played in three events from 1997 to 1998 but rejoined the Tour in 1999. That was his breakthrough year on Tour, winning the Nike Monterrey Open and the Nike Upstate Classic en route to a 15th-place finish on the money list, good enough for a PGA Tour card for 2000. In his return to the PGA Tour he didn't play well enough to retain his card. He played on the Nationwide Tour in 2001 and 2002. Amateur wins 1984 Kansas Amateur Professional wins (8) Nike Tour wins (2) *Note: The 1999 Nike Upstate Classic was shortened to 54 holes due to weather. Other wins (6) 1988 Wyoming Open 1990 PGA Assistant Professional Championship, Kansas Open 1998 Nebraska Open 2008 Midwest PGA Championship 2018 Senior Midwest PGA Championship Results in major championships CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = Tied Note: Gotsche only played in the U.S. Open. See also 1993 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates 1994 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates 1999 Nike Tour graduates External links American male golfers Nebraska Cornhuskers men's golfers PGA Tour golfers Junior college men's golfers in the United States Korn Ferry Tour graduates Golfers from Kansas Barton Community College alumni People from WaKeeney, Kansas People from Great Bend, Kansas 1961 births Living people
Elk Pass (el. ) is a high mountain pass in the Canadian Rockies, traversing the continental divide. It connects the Elk Valley in the province of British Columbia with the Kananaskis Valley in Alberta. The pass is unusual by its width, as the two valleys were created from a single glaciated trench. The 1916 Alberta/British Columbia Provincial Boundary Surveyors subdivided it into two routes labeled as "West Passage" and "East Passage." These would later be gazetteered as West Elk Pass and East Elk Pass. Elk Pass is inaccessible to conventional road traffic. On the Albertan side it reaches into Peter Lougheed Provincial Park, while on the British Columbian side it is slightly east of Elk Lakes Provincial Park. The Trans Canada Trail has hoped to designate preexisting hiking trails through the Elk Pass as its continental divide-crossing section, but has come into conflict with coal mines in the Upper Elk Valley over the impacts such a routing would have on their ability to expand their mine sites. In the past, residents of Elkford, British Columbia had proposed extending British Columbia Highway 43 over the pass and into Alberta, creating a new all-weather route from B.C. to Calgary, but in light of enhanced environmental protection on the Albertan side, the project is no longer considered likely. References External links Entry at Bivouac.com Mountain passes of British Columbia Mountain passes of Alberta Elk Valley (British Columbia) Kananaskis Improvement District
Marion Griffin may refer to: Marion Mahony Griffin, American architect and artist Marion Griffin (lawyer), American lawyer, the first woman to practice law in Tennessee
Maman (, also Romanized as Māman; also known as Māmānd) is a village in Bilavar Rural District, in the Central District of Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 179, in 42 families. The village is populated by Kurds. References Towns and villages in Kamyaran County Kurdish settlements in Kurdistan Province
```ruby # frozen_string_literal: true module Decidim module ContentRenderers # A renderer that searches Global IDs representing hashtags in content # and replaces it with a link to their detail page with the name. # # e.g. gid://<APP_NAME>/Decidim::Hashtag/1 # # @see BaseRenderer Examples of how to use a content renderer class HashtagRenderer < BaseRenderer # Matches a global id representing a Decidim::Hashtag GLOBAL_ID_REGEX = %r{gid://[\w-]/Decidim::Hashtag/(\d+)/?(_?)([[:alnum:]](?:[[:alnum:]]\|_))?\b} # Replaces found Global IDs matching an existing hashtag with # a link to their detail page. The Global IDs representing an # invalid Decidim::Hashtag are replaced with an empty string. # # links - should render hashtags as links? # extras - should include extra hashtags? # # @return [String] the content ready to display (contains HTML) def render(links: true, extras: true, editor: false) return content unless content.respond_to?(:gsub) content.gsub(GLOBAL_ID_REGEX) do \|hashtag_gid\| id, extra, cased_name = hashtag_gid.scan(GLOBAL_ID_REGEX).flatten hashtag = hashtags[id.to_i] next "" if hashtag.nil? \|\| (!extras && extra.present?) presenter = Decidim::HashtagPresenter.new(hashtag, cased_name:) if editor label = presenter.display_hashtag_name %(<span data-type="hashtag" data-label="#{label}">#{label}</span>) elsif links presenter.display_hashtag else presenter.display_hashtag_name end end end # Returns all the extra hashtags found in the content def extra_hashtags @extra_hashtags \|\|= existing_hashtags.select { \|hashtag\| content_extra_hashtags_ids.member?(hashtag.id) } end private def hashtags @hashtags \|\|= existing_hashtags.index_by(&:id) end def existing_hashtags @existing_hashtags \|\|= Decidim::Hashtag.where(id: content_hashtags_ids) end def content_hashtags_ids @content_hashtags_ids \|\|= ids_from_matches(content_matches) end def content_extra_hashtags_ids @content_extra_hashtags_ids \|\|= ids_from_matches(content_matches.select { \|match\| match[1].present? }) end def content_matches @content_matches \|\|= content.scan(GLOBAL_ID_REGEX) end def ids_from_matches(matches) matches.map(&:first).map(&:to_i).uniq end end end end ```
O-2113 is a drug that is a classical cannabinoid derivative, which acts as a potent agonist for cannabinoid receptors, producing sedation, hypothermia and analgesia in animal studies. See also O-2050 O-2372 O-2545 References Benzochromenes Cannabinoids
Curry is an unincorporated community in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, later renamed Broughton. Geography of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Martha Stewart Living Radio was a 24-hour satellite radio station on Sirius Satellite Radio channel 110 produced by Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. The station aired a variety of programming hosted by the company's team of experts, covering topics related to the domestic arts, including day and date reruns of the company's flagship television program Martha. In addition, Martha Stewart Living Radio also aired a weekday-evening talk show co-hosted by Martha Stewart's daughter Alexis Stewart, Whatever with Alexis and Jennifer. Following the Sirius / XM merger, Martha Stewart Living Radio was added to XM on 2008-09-30 as part of its "Best of Sirius" package and broadcasts on channel 157, but was moved to channel 110 on May 4, 2011. Martha Stewart Living Radio ceased production and broadcasting on February 18, 2013. Martha Steward hosted a 2-hour show on Sirius XM Stars channel 107 Mon-Fri from noon-2pm, called "Martha Live", from 2013 to 2015. Archives of broadcasts from the former Martha Stewart Living Radio can be accessed online and via SiriusXM radio app for smartphones. Personalities Jennifer Hutt Marc Morrone Christine Nagy Alexis Stewart Martha Stewart Andrew Weil See also Martha Stewart Whatever with Alexis and Jennifer References External links Martha Stewart Living Radio Martha Stewart Living Radio (XM Page) Sirius Satellite Radio channels XM Satellite Radio channels News and talk radio stations in the United States Radio stations established in 2006 Radio stations disestablished in 2013 Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Defunct radio stations in the United States
Sir Henry Bruce Lefroy (24 March 1854 – 19 March 1930) was the eleventh Premier of Western Australia. Biography Lefroy was born in Perth, Western Australia on 24 March 1854. His father was Anthony O'Grady Lefroy, Colonial Treasurer of Western Australia for over 30 years. Educated initially at Mrs McKnight's School in Perth; later he travelled to England, where he continued his studies at the Preparatory School at Exmouth, then at Elstree and finally at Rugby from 1868 to 1872. In 1893 Lefroy returned to Western Australia to take over management of his father's farm at Walebing, which he inherited upon his father's death in 1897. Lefroy was a member of the Victoria Plains Road Board from 1872 until 1899, and its chairman from 1876 to 1897. In 1874 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace, and he was for a time a member of the local Board of Education. He married Rose Agnes Wittenoom in Perth on 15 April 1880, and they had three sons and a daughter. On 2 August 1892, Lefroy was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Moore in a by-election. On 12 May 1897, he was appointed Minister for Education in John Forrest's government. He held this portfolio until 28 April 1898, when he instead became Minister for Mines. He did not contest the election of 24 April 1901, and so ceased to be a minister when parliament reconvened on 27 May. From July 1901 until 1904, Lefroy was Agent-General for Western Australia in London. During his time in London, his first wife died on 17 April 1902. In 1903, he was appointed CMG, and on 23 November 1904, he married Madeleine Emily Stewart Walford in London. He had two sons and a daughter by his second wife. After returning to Western Australia, Lefroy unsuccessfully contested the Metropolitan-Suburban Province in the Western Australian Legislative Council. He was again a member of the Victoria Plains Road Board from 1906 to 1909, and was then chairman of the Moora Roads Board from 1909 until 1917. On 3 October 1911, Lefroy was again elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Moore, after a hiatus of over ten years. In 1915, he replaced James Mitchell as deputy of the Liberal Party. He was appointed Minister for Lands and Agriculture in Frank Wilson's second government on 27 July 1916. Wilson's government had difficulty maintaining parliamentary support, and was put under pressure to try to repeat the success at federal level of Prime Minister Billy Hughes in forming a Nationalist Party. A Nationalist Party was formed in May 1917, but the party voted to reconstruct the ministry by caucus election. Recognising that the intention was to oust the present ministry, Wilson and three of his ministers walked out of the meeting. Lefroy remained, and was elected leader of the party. Wilson then had no choice but to resign as premier, and Lefroy became Premier of Western Australia on 28 June 1917. Lefroy's entire ministry was elected by the whole parliamentary party, and it remains the only non-Labor government of Western Australia to be chosen in this way. It was an ill-assorted group, and consequently Lefroy's premiership was marked by infighting, factionalism and a lack of discipline. On one occasion a Royal Commission was announced without Lefroy's knowledge; and on another occasion the acting treasurer Robert Robinson accepted amendments to treasurer James Gardiner's budget against the wishes of other cabinet ministers. Lefroy was challenged for the leadership on 9 April 1919, and needed his own casting vote to survive because a number of his ministers declined to vote. When MacCallum Smith leaked this embarrassing information to the press, Lefroy resigned as premier and leader of the Nationalist Party on 17 April, and Hal Colebatch was elected in his place. Lefroy continued as member for Moore but was defeated at the general elections of 12 March 1921. He spent his remaining years at Walebing, dying there on 19 March 1930. References Sources Citations External links 1854 births 1930 deaths Agents-General for Western Australia Western Australian local councillors Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly Commonwealth Liberal Party politicians Premiers of Western Australia Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Treasurers of Western Australia Nationalist Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Western Australia Colony of Western Australia people
The Parliamentary Academy was founded in 2012 by Robert Halfon MP, New Deal of the Mind and the National Skills Academy. The Parliament of the United Kingdom is notorious for its intern culture. A survey by the Unite the Union found that interns in Parliament carry out an astonishing 18,000 hours of unpaid work a week. Some 44 per cent of interns said MPs did not even pay them travel or food expenses. Some MPs employ more than five interns in their offices. Up to 500 interns are operating in parliament at any one time. Overview The Parliamentary Academy scheme offers non-graduate, 18- to 24-year-olds the opportunity to take up a paid, 12-month placement in an MP's parliamentary office. They work four-day weeks, including two days a month working towards an NVQ level 2/3 in business administration. "The aim is to open up politics to young people from a much broader background and get them a decent qualification at the same time," says Halfon. The next round of the Parliamentary Academy will begin in Summer 2013. Participants MPs who have participated in the Parliamentary Academy pilot scheme include: Michael Crockart, Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament. Member for Edinburgh West since 6 May 2010 general election. Andrea Leadsom, Conservative Member of Parliament. Member for South Northamptonshire since 6 May 2010 general election. John Woodcock, Labour/Co-operative member of Parliament for Barrow and Furness since 6 May 2010 general election. References External links Opening up Westminster's closed shop Want to be an MP's apprentice? Apprentice Minister praises the Parliamentary Academy Minister Chris Grayling backs the Parliamentary Academy Secretary of State for Wales backs the Parliamentary Academy Parliament of the United Kingdom Internship programs 2012 establishments in the United Kingdom
Robert Newman (1858 – 4 November 1926) was an English businessman and musical impresario. He is most celebrated as the founder of the series of classical music concerts that are now known as The Proms. Born in 1858 into a wealthy family, Newman had an initial career as stockjobber in the City of London. He also studied singing in Italy, and sang bass, which included participation in the first performance of Hubert Parry's oratorio Job. He became a concert agent and gained initial experience organising orchestral concerts with Frederic Hymen Cowen at Covent Garden. In 1893, Newman became the first manager of the Queen's Hall. He had the idea for a series of concerts at the Queen's Hall, at affordable prices for a mass audience, with a proportion of the audience able to promenade in a designated space without seats. Newman hired Henry Wood as the conductor for these "promenade concerts", and summarised his idea to Wood: "I am going to run nightly concerts and train the public by easy stages. Popular at first, gradually raising the standard until I have created a public for classical and modern music". Wood mentioned Newman's idea to the otolaryngologist Dr George Cathcart, who met with Newman and offered financial backing to Newman's concert series venture. The first "Promenade Concert" took place on Saturday 10 August 1895, with Henry Wood conducting his new "Queen's Hall Orchestra". This first season of concerts ran ten weeks, and was initially called "Mr Robert Newman's Promenade Concerts". To keep concerts affordable, Newman set his ticket prices at 1s for a single promenade concert ticket, and 1 guinea for a season ticket, transferable among more than one person, and valid for all that season's concerts. Newman and Wood included regular concerts within the series of "Wagner Nights" (Mondays) and "Beethoven Nights" (Fridays), and gradually began to introduce new works, or "novelties", by the composers of the day to promenade concerts audiences. Although the concerts gained a popular following and reputation, Newman encountered considerable financial problems in the management of his Promenade Concerts, and went bankrupt in 1901-1902. Edgar Speyer, a banker, then took over the financing of the concerts, but Newman and Wood retained artistic control. During World War I, Speyer had to relinquish his participation with the series because of anti-German sentiment. In 1915, the publishing firm Chappell & Co. took over the lease of the Queen's Hall as well as financial control. Although management tensions developed between Chappell & Co. and Newman and Wood, Newman remained involved with the running of his Promenade Concerts until his sudden death in 1926. After Newman's death, a small memorial plaque was placed behind his second circle regular seat in the Queen's Hall. Having resisted an offer by the BBC to broadcast the promenade concerts from the Queen's Hall before Newman's death, Chappell & Co. consented to such broadcasts after Newman's death. In addition, the BBC eventually took over the management and financial control of the Newman Promenade Concerts. The Newman Promenade Concerts were renamed "The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts", as Wood continued his involvement in the artistic direction of the series until his death in 1944. In 1941, the Queen's Hall was destroyed in an air raid and the memorial plaque to Newman was lost. His series continues today, and is now formally called "The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC", known popularly as "The Proms". References External links BBC Proms "History of the Proms" page Sources The Henry Wood Proms, by David Cox Spiegel, Frances, "Promenade Concerts before 1950: Robert Newman, Sir Henry Wood and the BBC Proms". Theatre History web page, 10 July 2007. 1858 births 1926 deaths Impresarios English basses People associated with the Proms
Crude Set Drama (AKA: Untitled Kinetoscope Comedy) is an 1895 British short black-and-white silent comedy film, produced and directed by Birt Acres for exhibition on Robert W. Paul's peep show Kinetoscopes, featuring two drunken men and a boy squabbling in a small bar. The film was long considered lost but footage discovered in the Henville collection in 1995 has been identified by the BFI as being from this film. References External links Crude Set Drama at the BFI Film & TV Database Untitled Kinetoscope Comedy at Silent Era British black-and-white films British silent short films 1890s short documentary films Black-and-white documentary films Films directed by Birt Acres 1890s rediscovered films British comedy short films British short documentary films Rediscovered British films Silent comedy films
```c++ /// Source : path_to_url /// Author : liuyubobobo /// Time : 2022-01-13 #include <iostream> using namespace std; /// Simulation /// Time Complexity: O(n) /// Space Complexity: O(n) class Solution { public: int myAtoi(string s) { int i; for(i = 0; i < s.size() && s[i] == ' '; i ++); if(i == s.size()) return 0; bool pos = true; if(s[i] == '-') pos = false, i ++; else if(s[i] == '+') i ++; int j = i; for(j = i; j < s.size() && isdigit(s[j]); j ++); long long num = get_num(s.substr(i, j - i)); if(pos) return min(num, (long long)INT_MAX); return max(-num, (long long)INT_MIN); } private: long long get_num(const string& s){ long long res = 0; for(char c: s){ res = res * 10 + (c - '0'); if(res > INT_MAX) return res; } return res; } }; int main() { cout << Solution().myAtoi("42") << endl; // 42 cout << Solution().myAtoi(" -42") << endl; // -42 cout << Solution().myAtoi("4193 with words") << endl; // 4193 cout << Solution().myAtoi("+1") << endl; // 1 return 0; } ```
The Tennessee High Energy Physics Group is located at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, TN. It has greatly benefited over the years from its close proximity and special relationship with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Members of the group are involved in the BaBar collaboration, CMS, E-144, E687, and KamLAND among others. See also Particle physics External links Homepage of the Tennessee High Energy Physics Group BaBar Homepage CMS Homepage E-144 Homepage E687 Homepage KamLAND Tennessee Homepage University of Tennessee
Ogtay Sabir oglu Asadov (; born 3 January 1955) is an Azerbaijani politician who has served as the Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan between 2005 and 2020. Early life Asadov was born in the village of Shaharjik in Syunik Province in Armenia. He graduated from the Machinery Manufacturing Technologies Department of the Azerbaijan State Oil Academy. From 1976 on, Asadov worked as the assistant manager and then manager at the Baku Air Conditioners Plant. In 1979, he was hired as the Senior Engineer at Azerbaijan Main Renovation and Special Construction Department and then worked in the management of Azərsantexquraşdırma, a subsidiary of the same organization. In 1996–2004, he was the President of the Absheron Su water management company and, in 2004–2005, he was the President of Azersu. He is a member of the International Water Association. Political career He was elected to the National Assembly of Azerbaijan in the 2000 parliamentary elections and subsequently re-elected in 2005 from Absheron Rayon and 2010 from Binagadi district of Baku. On December 2, 2005, he was elected the Speaker of the National Assembly by the members of the parliament and re-elected on November 29, 2010. He is the head of the Azerbaijani delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of CIS and to the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic-speaking Countries (TÜRKPA). He is also a member of the Political Council of the New Azerbaijan Party. He was granted the Medal of Honor by respective decree of President Ilham Aliyev in 2014. Wealth During his 14 years in parliament, Asadov earned an annual salary under $30,000 and was not allowed to work in the private sector. The Pandora Papers leaks revealed that Asadov and his family acquired assets worth nearly $10 million in London, Dubai, and Moscow, which raised questions as to the sources of Asadov's finances. Personal life Asadov is fluent in English and Russian. He is married and has two children. See also Cabinet of Azerbaijan Government of Azerbaijan References Armenian Azerbaijanis 1955 births Living people Members of the National Assembly (Azerbaijan) People from Kapan Chairmen of the National Assembly (Azerbaijan)
Vulturnus may refer to: Vulturnus (leafhopper), a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae Vulturnus (wind), the east wind in Roman mythology Volturno, Latin name for this river of southern Italy Vespadelus vulturnus, an Australian species of bat
Pere Jacques Marquette is a public art work by American artist Tom Queoff, located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The bronze figure depicts the Jesuit missionary standing with cross in hand. It is located in Pere Marquette Park near the Milwaukee County Historical Society and Riverwalk. References 1987 establishments in Wisconsin 1987 sculptures Bronze sculptures in Wisconsin Jacques Marquette Monuments and memorials in Wisconsin Outdoor sculptures in Milwaukee Sculptures of men in Wisconsin Statues in Wisconsin
Uruguay competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea. A team of 2 athletes was announced to represent the country in the event. Results Men Women References External links Official local organising committee website Official IAAF competition website Nations at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics World Championships in Athletics 2011
John Patrick McCarthy (born 27 November 1956) is a British journalist, writer and broadcaster, and one of the hostages in the Lebanon hostage crisis. McCarthy was the United Kingdom's longest-held hostage in Lebanon, where he was a prisoner for more than five years. Career He attended Lochinver House School, then Haileybury and Imperial Service College, Hertfordshire, and read American Studies at the University of Hull. McCarthy was a journalist working for United Press International Television News at the time of his kidnap by Islamic Jihad terrorists in Lebanon. He had recently arrived in Beirut when on 17 April 1986, two days after USAF airstrikes on Libya, WTN ordered him to leave. He was being escorted to the airport when a group of gunmen intercepted his car. He was held in captivity until release on 8 August 1991. He shared a cell with the Irish hostage Brian Keenan for several years. While a prisoner, he learned that his girlfriend, Jill Morrell, was actively campaigning for his release, launching a group called "Friends of John McCarthy". By the time of McCarthy's release, his mother Sheila had died of cancer, unaware of his fate. Following his release, he co-wrote, with Morrell, a memoir of his years in captivity, entitled Some Other Rainbow. Their relationship ended four years later, and he married Anna Ottewill, a photographer, on 16 April 1999. They have a daughter. In 1995 John McCarthy sailed around the coast of Britain with Sandi Toksvig, making a BBC documentary TV series, Island Race, and a book of the experience. McCarthy had attended university with Toksvig's brother, Nick. He co-presented the BBC Radio 4 programme Excess Baggage, also with Sandi Toksvig. On 29 March 2014, McCarthy hosted the ceremony for the "I Do To Equal Marriage" event which celebrated the introduction of same-sex marriage in England and Wales. Toksvig renewed her vows to her civil partner at the event. Honours and affiliations McCarthy is a Patron of Freedom from Torture (formerly the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture), and has been awarded an honorary D.Litt. from his alma mater, the University of Hull, where a students' union bar (now an ice cream parlour) is named after him. He was awarded a CBE in the 1992 New Year Honours List. Media references The set of Series 1 of Drop the Dead Donkey, first aired in 1990, included a copy of a "Wanted" poster with McCarthy's photograph released during the campaign on his behalf. It is displayed on the wall in the news room and is frequently in shot, but not mentioned in the programme. The 1993 HBO film Hostages, starring Colin Firth as McCarthy, was a fictionalised account of the Lebanon hostage crisis. A critically acclaimed film version of his and Keenan's kidnapping and incarceration was made in 2003. Titled Blind Flight, the British film was directed by John Furse starring Ian Hart as Keenan and Linus Roache as McCarthy. In 2006 McCarthy collaborated with the composer Adam Gorb and the librettist Ben Kaye to create Thoughts Scribbled on a Blank Wall, an exploration of the mental torture he underwent during his long incarceration. Commissioned by JAM (John Armitage Memorial), the work premiered in Fleet Street to critical acclaim in 2007 and was described by BBC Radio 3's Sean Rafferty as "Powerful stuff. A protest Cantata, the first of a genre." Thoughts Scribbled on a Blank Wall was scheduled for CD release in 2011. The Stiff Little Fingers song Beirut Moon was inspired by McCarthy's ordeal. It criticized the government for not acting to free him and was subsequently withdrawn from sale. A major Sky Arts series, Art of Faith, presented by McCarthy, was broadcast in 2008. The series, produced by Illuminations, was an exploration of the art and architecture of Islam, Christianity and Judaism. In 2009, production of a follow-up series of Art of Faith began, featuring Buddhism, Hinduism and religions of the Tao. Books Books about McCarthy An Evil Cradling; by Brian Keenan (McCarthy is a main character) Penguin Books See also Lebanese Civil War Lebanon hostage crisis Le Commodore Hotel Beirut List of kidnappings Terry Waite References External links BBC: Beirut hostage John McCarthy freed John McCarthy Official Website Corporate Speaking Bio at Jeremy Hicks Associates 1956 births 1980s missing person cases Alumni of the University of Hull BBC World Service presenters British male journalists British people taken hostage Commanders of the Order of the British Empire English male non-fiction writers Foreign hostages in Lebanon Formerly missing people Journalists from Kingston upon Hull Kidnappings by Islamists Living people Missing person cases in Lebanon People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College People educated at Lochinver House School People from Hertfordshire Place of birth missing (living people)
Charles R. Gerow is an American political strategist of the Republican Party who formerly served as the vice chair of the American Conservative Union. Career Gerow holds a J.D. degree from Villanova University School of Law and has been a Pennsylvania attorney for over 40 years. Gerow began his career on the campaign staff of President Ronald Reagan and continued to do political work for President Reagan throughout the next 25 years. He was an Alternate Delegate At Large at the 1988 Republican National Convention, elected as a Delegate to the 2004, 2012, and 2020 Republican National Conventions and an Alternate Delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention. He has attended every Republican National Convention since 1976. Gerow is a prominent Republican Party political strategist. In 2020, Gerow was awarded the prestigious ICON Honor award for lifetime service. Gerow has been named several times to the Central Penn Business Journal’s “Power 100,” most recently in February, 2023. City and State Pennsylvania magazine has named him to their “Power 100” list of “the key players in the Keystone State’s political arena.” Gerow is one of five Pennsylvania Republicans recognized in the prestigious Influencers 500 by Campaigns and Elections magazine. He's also been named One of the Top 50 Republican Influencers in Pennsylvania by Politics magazine. Charlie served on the board of directors of the American Conservative Union, the nation's largest and most prestigious conservative organization and the sponsor of CPAC, the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge and the American Swiss Foundation. In 1989, he helped to found the Pennsylvania Leadership Conference. During the 1996 presidential election, Gerow was a surrogate speaker for Bob Dole. In 1998, Gerow was a candidate in the 1998 Republican primary to represent Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district, where he lost to incumbent William F. Goodling. In 2000, he was a candidate in the 2000 Republican primary to represent Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district, where he lost to Todd Russell Platts. President George W. Bush appointed Gerow to the Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary Commission, and Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett appointed Gerow to the Governor's Advisory Council on Privatization and Innovation in 2011. Gerow served as the First Vice Chairman of the American Conservative Union, and sits on the boards of the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge and the American Swiss Foundation. He also serves on the board of the Matthew J. Ryan Center at Villanova University. He has taught as an adjunct professor at Lebanon Valley College, Dickinson College and Gettysburg College. He works as a political analyst for WHP-TV (CBS 21) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He regularly hosts radio talk shows and has appeared as a commentator on CBS, NBC, ABC, Fox News, MSNBC, CNBC, Fox Business and several national radio programs. Involvement in 2020 election aftermath Gerow who regularly attended Pennsylvania's Electoral College proceedings, was an official in the 2016 electoral college. In 2020 he was part of a group of notable Pennsylvania Republicans who met as alternate electors in Pennsylvania. While some criticized this involvement reviews by the Office of the Democratic Attorney General suggested that because the Pennsylvanians had used qualifying language they were distinguished from other states that had not. Gerow also filed amicus curiae briefs on behalf of the vast majority of Republican Members of the Pennsylvania General Assembly in both Texas v. Pennsylvania and Kelly v. Pennsylvania. 2021 car crash On July 21, 2021, Gerow was driving along the Pennsylvania Turnpike in Tredyffrin Township, Chester County when his vehicle was struck by a motorcycle. The motorcyclist was killed. Gerow's campaign for Pennsylvania governor said that he was cooperating with Pennsylvania State Police investigators. Witnesses said that Gerow's car was seen driving down the highway with a motorcycle embedded in its grille for several miles before state police eventually pulled Gerow over. A lawyer for Gerow said that the motorcyclist was involved in a crash with a different vehicle and had been stopped in a Turnpike lane, and said Gerow did not cause the crash. 2022 Pennsylvania gubernatorial bid In June 2021, Gerow announced his campaign for Governor of Pennsylvania in 2022. He lost the Republican primary election with only 18,000 votes, placing eighth. See also Stolen Honor QubeTV References Living people People from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania American newspaper reporters and correspondents Political activists from Pennsylvania Pennsylvania political journalists Villanova University School of Law alumni Candidates in the 2000 United States elections Pennsylvania Republicans Year of birth missing (living people)
Carlos Sánchez-Gutiérrez (born 1964 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Latin-American composer and teacher. He currently resides near Rochester, New York. Sanchez-Gutierrez grew up in Guadalajara and later studied at the University of Guadalajara, the Peabody Conservatory of Music, Yale University, Princeton University, and the Tanglewood Music Center with Henri Dutilleux, Jacob Druckman, and Martin Bresnick. Sanchez-Gutierrez was a recipient of the Mozart Medal in 1993. He has also received awards from the Guggenheim, Fulbright, Fromm, Barlow, Rockefeller, Bogliasco and Koussevitzky Foundations. His compositional catalog includes works for orchestra, chamber ensembles, choirs, and soloists, and often reflects on contemporary art and literature. Sanchez-Gutierrez is currently Professor of Composition at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, a position he has held since July 2003. From 1995 to 2003, Sanchez-Gutierrez served on the faculty of San Francisco State University, where he taught courses in music theory and composition. In 2002, he was Guest Professor of Composition at Yale University. External links Carlos Sanchez-Gutierrez official site 1964 births Living people American male classical composers American classical composers 20th-century classical composers 21st-century classical composers University of Rochester faculty Pupils of Jacob Druckman 21st-century American composers Musicians from Baltimore Peabody Institute alumni 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American male musicians
Til or TIL may refer to: People With the given name Til Brugman (1888–1958) Dutch author, poet, and linguist Til Schweiger (born 1963), German actor and filmmaker Til Wykes (born 1953), English psychologist and author With the surname Cornelius Van Til (1895–1987), Dutch-American Christian philosopher Guus Til (born 1997), Zambian-born Dutch professional football player Sonny Til (1928–1981), American singer, lead singer of The Orioles Places Til, Ardabil, a village in Iran Til, East Azerbaijan, a village in Iran Science and technology Til (plant), a tree Til, an Urdu word for sesame Transparent Intensional Logic, a logical system Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, white blood cells that have migrated towards a tumor Threaded interpretive language, a threaded code computing execution model Other uses Til (novel), by José de Alencar r/todayilearned, a discussion category on Reddit in which the headline of each topic starts with "TIL" Tromsø IL, a Norwegian football team See also Thil (disambiguation) Till (disambiguation) Tilo (disambiguation)
Scopula pallidiceps is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on Lombok, Bali, Java and possibly Borneo. References Moths described in 1898 pallidiceps Moths of Asia
The 1973–74 Cypriot Cup was the 32nd edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 40 clubs entered the competition. It began on 6 March 1974 with the preliminary round and concluded on 23 June 1974 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. AC Omonia won their 3rd Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Enosis Neon Paralimni 2–0 in the final. Format In the 1973–74 Cypriot Cup, participated all the teams of the Cypriot First Division, the Cypriot Second Division and the Cypriot Third Division. The competition consisted of six knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay at the ground of the team who were away for the first game. If the rematch was also drawn, then extra time was following and if the match remained drawn after extra time the winner was decided by penalty shoot-out. The cup winner secured a place in the 1974–75 European Cup Winners' Cup. Preliminary round In the preliminary round participated 4 teams of 1973–74 Cypriot Second Division and all 12 teams of 1973–74 Cypriot Third Division. First round 14 clubs from the 1973–74 Cypriot First Division and 10 clubs from the 1973–74 Cypriot Second Division were added. Second round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final Sources Bibliography See also Cypriot Cup 1973–74 Cypriot First Division Cypriot Cup seasons 1973–74 domestic association football cups 1973–74 in Cypriot football
"—We Also Walk Dogs" is a science fiction short story by American writer Robert A. Heinlein. One of his Future History stories, it was first published in Astounding Science Fiction (July 1941, as by Anson MacDonald) and collected in The Green Hills of Earth (and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow). Although considered part of the Future History, the story has no references to other stories in the canon, and features elements such as anti-gravity and the existence of aliens on Jupiter, that are not fully consistent with other stories. Plot summary General Services is a very successful company that provides various personal services such as shopping for you or walking your dogs or supplying a host for a party, but also proudly advertises that no job is too large. One ad campaign idea which the staff discusses is "Want somebody murdered? Then DON'T call General Services. But for anything else, call.... It Pays!". The business model involves knowing to whom to subcontract work. The technology used involves rapid access to client data and the use of personal, portable telephones. The company is asked to do the impossible: enable an interplanetary conference to be held on Earth, whose strong gravity is inhospitable to many of the native races of other planets and moons in the solar system. The solution of holding the conference on Mars or Luna is considered politically unacceptable. In a side plot, the team also have to deal with a rich woman who wants to visit her son recuperating from a skiing injury over a thousand miles away while simultaneously conducting a fashionable party at her home. The solution is to conduct her to her son's side while using 3-D projection to have her appear at the party. They charge a hefty fee for this. The fee is doubled when the woman selfishly tries to insist on hiring one of the team as her personal social secretary. Much of the action of the story is not, as one might expect, about the science or engineering of creating an antigravity device to allow the conference to take place, but about how to persuade the world's leading physicist, a Dr. O'Neill, to undertake the job. O'Neill is too wealthy to be tempted by money, but longs to possess a museum piece, a Chinese porcelain bowl called "The Flower of Forgetfulness". The team have to find a way to get the bowl from its current location in a London museum. This involves the creation of a duplicate and some underhand tactics. When they receive it, they discover that it is indeed one of the most beautiful objects imaginable. The anti-gravity generator is created and O'Neill, who is a recluse, requests payment. The team agree, but with one condition: that they themselves be allowed to view the bowl from time to time. Caught by surprise, he agrees and begins to regard them as potential friends. The company also asserts ownership of the device against the government's attempts to claim it. O'Neill was under salaried contract at the time, with the bowl as a bonus, so under normal law General Services owns all his work. With some legal maneuvering, and allowing the government agent himself to buy stock in a company to hold the patents, they manage to turn an even bigger profit. References External links "—We Also Walk Dogs" on the Internet Archive Short stories by Robert A. Heinlein 1941 short stories Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact
Maracanã River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil. See also List of rivers of Amazonas References Brazilian Ministry of Transport Rivers of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
"Something for the weekend, sir?" was originally a euphemistic question asked by British barbers when offering condoms to their customers. It may now refer to: Television Something for the Weekend (game show), a British game show Something for the Weekend (TV programme), a British programme mixing cooking, interviews, and general-interest clips Something for the Weekend, a sketch comedy show featuring Susie Blake, first broadcast in 1989 "Something for the Weekend", an episode of The Grimleys Music Something for the Weekend (album), an album by The Chosen (1996 Detour records) Scottish Power pop "MOD" band (Donald Muir) Something for the Weekend (album), an album by Stackridge "Something for the Weekend" (song), a song by The Divine Comedy from Casanova "Something 4 the Weekend", a song by the Super Furry Animals Something for the Weekend, an album by Brass Construction Something for the Weekend, an album by Radio Stars "Something for the Weekend", a song by The Distractions "Something for the Weekend", a song by Fred & Roxy "Something for the Weekend", a song by Dave Audé featuring Luciana "Something for the Weekend", a song by Ben Westbeech Other uses Something for the Weekend, a cookbook by Jamie Oliver Something for the Weekend, a novel by Pauline McLynn "Something for the Weekend", a newspaper column in The Times by John Diamond "Something for the Weekend", a weekly column by IT journalist Alistair Dabbs that ran between 2012 and 2022 in The Register
```scala // THIS FILE IS AUTO-GENERATED. DO NOT EDIT package ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model import scala.util.Try import net.liftweb.json._ import ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model.IdServiceProviderEnumIdServiceProvider._ import ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model.UacFlagEnum._ import ai.verta.swagger.client.objects._ case class ModeldbAddComment ( date_time: Option[BigInt] = None, entity_id: Option[String] = None, message: Option[String] = None ) extends BaseSwagger { def toJson(): JValue = ModeldbAddComment.toJson(this) } object ModeldbAddComment { def toJson(obj: ModeldbAddComment): JObject = { new JObject( List[Option[JField]]( obj.date_time.map(x => JField("date_time", JInt(x))), obj.entity_id.map(x => JField("entity_id", JString(x))), obj.message.map(x => JField("message", JString(x))) ).flatMap(x => x match { case Some(y) => List(y) case None => Nil }) ) } def fromJson(value: JValue): ModeldbAddComment = value match { case JObject(fields) => { val fieldsMap = fields.map(f => (f.name, f.value)).toMap ModeldbAddComment( // TODO: handle required date_time = fieldsMap.get("date_time").map(JsonConverter.fromJsonInteger), entity_id = fieldsMap.get("entity_id").map(JsonConverter.fromJsonString), message = fieldsMap.get("message").map(JsonConverter.fromJsonString) ) } case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"unknown type ${value.getClass.toString}") } } ```
Busserolles is a commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. Population See also Communes of the Dordogne department References Communes of Dordogne
Soulton Hall is a Tudor country house near Wem, England. It was a 16th century architectural project of Sir Rowland Hill, publisher of the Geneva Bible. Hill was a statesman, polymath and philanthropist, later styled the "First Protestant Lord Mayor of London" because of his senior role in the Tudor statecraft that was needed to bring stability to England in the fall out of the Reformation. The building of the current Soulton Hall, undertaken during the tumult of the Reformation, is therefore associated with the political and social work required to incubate the subsequent English Renaissance. Soulton Hall is understood to be constructed in an elaborate set of humanist codes drawing together concepts from classical antiquity, geometry, philosophy and scripture. It is further understood that the building influenced the architecture of many later buildings of similar style. With a hidden chapel in its basement, a priesthole, and bookcases hidden within its thick walls to hide heretical documents, Soulton Hall is likely to have served as a base for the conspiracy which led to the publication of the Geneva Bible, which bears the name of Rowland Hill on its frontispiece as publisher. The grounds of the hall contain archaeology of a lost theatre. Emerging scholarship links the manor to Shakespeare, and in particular the play As You Like It which concerns the estate of a character called "Old Sir Rowland". Mentioned in the Norman Domesday Book, Soulton has housed a manor since late Anglo Saxon times, and a "lost castle" rediscovered in 2021 undergoing a multi-season archaeological investigation by DigVentures. The modern manor incorporates a working farm pioneering various sustainable agriculture approaches, and also houses a series of contemporary monuments including standing stones and long barrow burial site. Sir Rowland Hill's renaissance hall The present hall building was constructed between 1556 and 1560 by Sir Rowland Hill, but is only the corps de logis (private block) of a much bigger palace complex subsequently muted and lost in intervening stages of development. It is constructed of brick, produced at the site, with Grinshill stone dressings. Hill was the first Protestant Lord Mayor of London in 1549, and, as Sheriff of London. Hill was the coordinator of the Geneva Bible project and an enthusiastic patron of the arts, in particular drama. He has been linked with the character of Old Sir Rowland in Shakespeare's As You Like It. He was also involved in the case which established Parliamentary Privilege. House of state, literary connections and inspiration Soulton was acquired by Hill and his protégé Thomas Leigh in 1556 from Thomas Lodge. Lodge's son, also called Thomas Lodge, would have been familiar with the woods at Soulton. Lodge Jr was the writer and dramatist, who wrote prose tale of Rosalynde, Euphues Golden Legacie, which, printed in 1590, from which William Shakespeare took inspiration when writing his pastoral comedy 'As you like it'. Hill was a close associate of Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton (whose grandson Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton was the dedicatee of Shakespeare's sonnets) to the point of attending the private burial with the family on his death. The third Earl's wife Elizabeth Vernon is associated with Hill via her grandfather, who shared his childhood with Rowland Hill with them both being baptised at Hodnet within a couple of years of each other, and both families having stationed links to the area. Another Vernon, Margaret Vernon, a daughter of George Vernon, was the wife of Sir Thomas Stanley, whose family reputedly patronised Shakespeare, and is and is also associated with the writer to whom their epitaphs have been attributed to the writer in St Bartholomew's Church in Tong, Shropshire. Within the building are traces of older Tudor or medieval building phases on the site, with timber materials re-used from predecessors of the manor's various halls. Examples of simple pargeting can be seen within the building. To the east of the hall is what is now a walled garden, accessed by steps from the terrace on the north, or by a Tudor gate to the north. At the front of the hall is a Pillared forecourt, again part of the 1550s design concept. Clandestine features Geometric code Cosmati pavement and Rombic dodecahedrons The Tudor hall's unusual quoining relate to Anglo-Saxon architecture, while incorporating other features at that time only seen in the architecture of Corpus Christi College Cambridge. This together with its unusual strict geometry and the mathematical relationship between the hall and walled garden, represent a geometric philosophical allegory seen in stately architecture as diverse as the Anglo-Saxon Mercian royal crypt at Repton, and the Coronation Theatre of Henry III at Westminster Abbey with the Cosmati Pavement at its centre. The geometry is understood, as stated by James D. Wenn include commentary on sacred geometry: Soulton’s sermon in stones concerns the geometry of the rhombic dodecahedron — a solid that has certain ‘perfect’ characteristics, including that it can fill space (as cubes can), and is the 3D projection of a 4D Platonic Solid called the hyperdiamond. The former characteristic lends it an allegorical quality, because the concept of a civilised person fitting into a society, often represented by cubes, is made a little more complex and nuanced. Everybody can fit into a harmony, but it may take some patience — indeed, tolerance — to find the right fit. The connection to the fourth spatial dimension invokes ideas of God’s power beyond the constraints of time, as discussed by ancient theologians such as Boethius. Even before Boethius, these ideas were discussed in ancient Greek philosophy. Plato’s book Timaeus sought to reflect the harmony of the natural world, and by the invention of the Atlantis story (which later inspired Bacon), attempted to encourage civic harmony, too. Representation of Holy Amandal Soulton is thought to have been copied by Francis Bacon when he built Verulam House. It is further thought that the construction of Soulton Hall (with its lost pyramidal roof) is done to represent a Holy Almandal. Ellusis The whole precinct of the hall and linked courts to the north, east and south is matched to the geometry of the Telesterion at Ellusis, giving a compound of 55 yards square. This shows conscious engagement with those Greek mysteries. At Soulton a nine grid is laid over the precinct to give compartments of 55 foot squares. The current hall itself if 55 foot cubed: a number which recurs at the Washington Monument, amongst other places. These observations were first made in modern times by James D. Wenn. Parker connection These features of the hall's design may have been influenced by the scholarship of Hill's contemporary, historian and protestant theologian Matthew Parker of Cambridge. Concealed chapel The basement of the house contains a room called the 'Ædicule'; a concealed chapel in the east front (which is the only truly symmetrical face of the 1550s design and is intended to conjure Solomon's Temple). The central position of this room was prioritised so strongly that its doorway interrupts a load-bearing wall supporting the hall above, thus requiring that other walls had to be reinforced. It is the only room in the building to have a central window. The house's alignment is taken from this room which addresses the range of dates possible for the celebration of Easter. Dancing pavement To the south of the current hall is a cobbled yard of Victorian date (1847). It is based on similar patterns seen at the preserved Tudor Hall at Plas Mawr it is likely the design was taken from Tudor features within the hall lost during subsequent renovations. Scholars have interpreted this as a dancing pavement linked to some of the ideas of harmony explored by Ptolemy. Priest hide There is a priest hide on the principle floor of the house in the south west corner of the building in a turret containing several chimneys, in the interior of the room (believed to be Sir Rowland Hill's studiolo). It is not known whether this hiding place was ever used but provides evidence of early intent to use the building as a safehouse, from the time of its construction. More associated with the hiding of Catholics during the reign of Elizabeth I of England, the early date of the priest hole's inclusion in the architecture at Soulton combined with Rowland Hill's position suggests they were more likely intended for use to hide prominent protestants such as Matthew Parker from the inquisitions of Mary I. Uniquely among protestant leaders Parker did not flee England yet somehow survived. His whereabouts, and that of his library during this time have always been a matter of speculation. It has thus been inferred that Parker may have been sheltered at Soulton by Rowland Hill, with whom he was later associated, not least by both being Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes at the dawn of Elizabeth I's reign. The history of the priest-hole has been memorialised by the addition of a modern plaque which says: Behind this tablet lies a space believed to have been intended to be used to hide scholars and priests from the authorities during the turmoil of the sixteenth century. This memorial honours all who have suffered persecution for their beliefs. On the beams in this room there are also quotations from Michel de Montaigne. Epidaurus Court, a Tudor theatre space A theatre court, modelled on the Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus, was built by Hill in the precinct of the house to the east of the current hall: the hall itself forms the theatre screen. This was completed by 1560 and therefore predates Teatro Olimpico and the Elizabethan Theatres such as The Globe and The Rose. Parlours in the basement and Rithmomachia Floor Some of the basement rooms retain their original Tudor treatment, including flooring, indicating that these were 'polite' rooms, rather than service spaces. One of these rooms (The Rithmomachia Room) contains in the tiles a games board for Rithmomachia, which is an early European bard game also known as The Philosopher's Game, an account of which Sir Rowland Hill printed with the title The most ancient and learned Playe, called the Philosopher's Game invented for the honest recreation of Students and other sober persons, in passing the tedious of tyme to the release of their labours, and the exercise of their Wittes. Other features Curtilage buildings The broader precinct incorporates a number of 18th-century farm buildings constituting a 'model farm' from the Regency Era Age of Improvement. Most intact among these is a linear range now known as Soulton Court bearing a 1783 datestone relating to later work, but incorporating an earlier manorial hall or courtroom of unknown date prior to the mid-1600s. This courtroom is traditionally associated with an aborted witch trial of the 17th century. Restoration door case In 1668 a semi-circular door case bearing the marital coat of arms of Thomas Hill, a descendant of Sir Rowland's and a friend of Samuel Pepys was added above the front door. Lost buildings A dovecot once existed to the south west of the garden wall which was dismantled by the end of the 1800s. An octagonal horse engine existed in the 1780s buildings just outside the base court to the north west. Landscape gardens The landscape across the current farm and beyond to Hawkstone was recruited by Hill to make allegorical references to scripture. Symbols Coat of arms The arms of Thomas Hill, sometime high sheriff of Shropshire were added above the senior door in 1668. Flag and badge The house flag is a square teal banner with an eight-pointed star inside a circle, with looping garlands between the points of the star: three of these garlands are shaded and five are not. This symbol is taken from the preserved Dancing Pavement on the site and found in documents in the hall's archive. Linked buildings In the region The house of Bachegraig/Bach-y-Graig is understood to be 'the first brick house in Wales', built by Sir Rowland Hill's associate Richard Clough has been argued to have been based on Soulton Hall. That house is acknowledged to the be in an Antwerp style by Flemish craftsmen and were the first brick houses in Wales. While Clough's house has been demolished it shows important features in the Soulton design that were altered in later phases. The architectural and political project that Sir Rowland Hill instigated is understood to have continued to yield fruits in the immediate area, Hawkstone Abbey Farm and Hawkstone Hall are both buildings taking stylistic cues from the building. Attingham Park, also a Hill house, is also thought to be within the wider cultural project. The house is historically associated with St Mary's Church, Edstaston: the name of the house and family is carved into the church porch in the 1600s signifying their patronage. In London The historian James D. Wenn has noted a close connection with Sir Christopher Wren's St Mary Abchurch, which is the same size and shape. In the United States Some affinity both architectural, and by family connections has been attributed to Soulton with various early colonial American buildings, in particular Rosewell (plantation) in Virginia. History Saxon and earlier Within the manor is evidence of Bronze Age habitation, and some signs of Neolithic activity. The name of the manor is Saxon and means either 'settlement with a plough' or 'settlement with reeds' or possibly 'settlement in/near a gully' . The manor of Soulton existed at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 (see: PASE Domesday) and is recorded as "Svltune". The Domesday Book records the manor as having previously been freely held by Brihtric — most likely the same Brihtric who was the brother of Eadric Streona the Ealdorman of Mercia from 1007 to 1017. Both Brihtric and Eadric were slain by King Cnut on Christmas Day, 1017. Based on its Domesday Book entry there are likely to have been buildings on or near to the site of the extant hall prior to the Norman Conquest, but these have yet to be identified archaeologically. Post-Norman A Norman (possibly Adulterine) castle was constructed approximately 300 meters to the north-east of the extant hall either during the Anarchy of the early 1100s, or later, certainly by the 1250s. The location is marked by a mound which can still be seen. This site is located around the point at which the roadway crosses a narrow gap in some wet terrain which would likely have had a strategic reason for establishing a fortification in that location. This building is believed to have burnt down at some point in the late 14th century. A grant of the manor in 1299 indicates that some of the ancient marker posts marking the boundary with Wales formed part of the boundary of the manor. The manor supported the clergy of the King's Chapel of St Michael in Shrewsbury Castle. Post-1556 Civil War In September 1642, Charles I passed within sight of Soulton Hall, and subsequently set up a temporary capital at Shrewsbury. In 1643, the first Parliamentary garrison in Shropshire was declared at nearby Wem. On 17-18 October, the Royalists responded by sending a large force to the district, described as follows:3 cannon, 2 drakes, one great mortarpiece that carried a 30ln. bullet, had 120 odd wagons and carriages laden with bread, biskett, bare and other provisions and theire armye being formydable as consistynge of neer 5,000.The Royalist attackers only formed up on one side, approaching Wem only from Soulton Road. The engagement does not seem to have been seriously interested in taking Wem with the commander, Lord Capel, light-heartedly smoking his pipe half a mile from the town on that road. The town was not taken and the manoeuvre lasted less than a day resulting in this couplet.The women of Wem and a few musketeers. Beat the Lord Capel and all his Cavaliers. Immediately after the engagements around Soulton, Charles I disbanded his temporary headquarters in Shropshire and made for Oxford. The Battle of Edge Hill, followed a few days later on 23 October 1642. After this incident it is further recorded the houses of the family "[were] pillaged, and ransacked by the rebel [parliamentarians]", and after this that family had to go into hiding in the Hawkstone landscape and caves. The following February of 1643, Price Rupert is recorded as being repeatedly in the district. Restoration In the late 17th century Soulton had passed to Thomas Hill, who attended Oriel College, Oxford matriculating in 1662, and went on to be made High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1680. He was later made a commissioner in an act of Parliament in 1698. He was buried in Wem Church with his wife Elizabeth, a member of the Corbet family. Another member of the family, Richard Hill was admitted to Grays Inn in 1657. Soulton Hall became the venue of an abortive witch trial some time around 1660. The suspected witch under accusation by local townsfolk of Wem was brought before Thomas Hill of Soulton, as justice of the district. The accused was spared any judicial processing as a witch and that allegation was dismissed, in contrast to the harsh persecutions of the time. Eighteenth century and later There are records that Benjamin Franklin was in communication with the family and was aware of the place. There is an 1801 bridge on which Thomas Telford worked on the B5065, known as Soulton Bridge. There are also the remains of a water mill active from at least the 1300s until the mid-to-late 1800s near Soulton Wood. The manor is still owned by the wider family of the original family of Sir Rowland Hill via female descent. Culture In 1483, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham was arrested on the edge of the manor following the failure of Buckingham's rebellion. This incident is referred to by William Shakespeare in the play Richard III, in ACT IV, scene iv. Filming There is periodic filming at the manor, including recently of BBC Countryfile . Contemporary drama and live performance In 2020, during the crisis in live performance and theatre resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, outdoor performance was reintroduced to Soulton. The National Youth Theatre (NYT) gave their first live in person performance since the restrictions following the lockdown that was brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The play was a new, specially devised work called The Last Harvest In 2021, the NYT returned with a performance of Animal Farm. In October 2021 Soulton Hall hosted an immersive performance of the Old English epic poem Beowulf, together with a selection of shorter pieces of Old English and Old Welsh poetry, by early medieval living history/reconstructive archaeology group Thegns of Mercia, titled Beowulf at the Barrow. The performance took place around the site, with the historic Moot Hall representing the great hall Heorot, and the Soulton Long Barrow representing the dragon's lair and Beowulf's own burial mound, serving as venue for the final sections of the poem. Public affairs Michela Gove visited as Secretary of State for DEFRA in 2017. In 2021, during the North Shropshire by-election, the various candidates and media were headquartered at the manor. Dance An eighteenth century dance, the Soulton Jigg, is linked to the manor and published in John Walsh's 1740 "The Second Book of the Compleat Country Dancing-Master". Material from the Soulton collection concerning its dancing pavement was loaned to the inaugural John Weaver Festival of Dance, (marking the 350th anniversary of the birth of the Shropshire-born "Father of English ballet"). Literaturary and other publishing The manor is referenced in the following books: Regenesis: Feeding the World Without Devouring the Planet by George Monbiot Wilderland and Hill and Dale, both by Andrew Fusek Peters Riding Out by Simon Parker How to Love Animals by Henry Mance Stones of the Magi by James D. Wenn (forthcoming) First Christmas by Katherine E. Smith Poetry Merlin Fuhcher is the poet in residence. Archaeology The manor includes various protected archaeology. An official excavation with DigVentures took place in June 2019. The excavation of a mound (a scheduled ancient monument) revealed the existence of a structure which might be a castle from the 13th to 15th centuries, according to an archaeologist. As the dig continued, medieval artifacts were also unearthed, including an ampulla, a necklace, cups, bowls, and jug handles. These have been dated to circa 1250. Heritage status Soulton Hall is a listed building, along with its walled gardens, pillared forecourt and carved stone work. Soulton Bridge, crossing Soulton Brook is a Grade I listed structure, built in 1801 by Thomas Telford. An ongoing project to improve the presentation of the hall and its history was begun in 2022 by the Ashton family with advice and guidance from architectural history consultant James Wenn of Byrga Geniht, involving re-furnishing rooms to a state more representative and sensitive to their Tudor heritage. As part of this inscriptions have been added to the entry-way which encourage visitors toward consideration of the building's themes. A plaque at the entrance to the hall reads:Now, my co-mates and brothers in exile,Hath not old custom made this life more sweetThan that of painted pomp? Are not these woodsMore free from peril than the envious court?'Here feel we not the penalty of Adam...And this our life, exempt from public haunt,Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,Sermons in stones, and good in everything. - William Shakespeare, 'As You Like It', Act II, Scene 1. The Forest of Arden It is believed that affairs of state that took place at Soulton in the time of Sir Rowland Hill, in the sixteenth century, inspired Shakespeare to write this play and shaped several others. Gold lettering above the door reads: UT ROSA FLOS FLORUM, SIC EST ISTA DOMUS DOMORUM [As the rose if the flower of flowers, so this is the house of houses]Similar inscriptions can be found in the Chapter House of York Minster. and Westminster Abbey. The connections of the building to the Classical philosophy and geometry of Ancient Greece are represented with an insctription from Isocrates echoing a 1600s carving on what is now Shrewsbury Library. ἐὰν ᾖς φιλομαθής, ἔσει πολυμαθής,[If you loving learning you will become wise] There is a banner for St Erkenwald in the studiolo. Contemporary monuments Long Barrow A modern long barrow, Soulton Long Barrow, has been constructed on farmland north of Soulton Hall. Begun in 2017, the site became operational in 2019. The new monument was covered on an episode of BBC Countryfile, being visited by Matt Baker and Ellie Harrison in April 2019. Standing stones Three megalithic limestone standing stones are located on the access route to the barrow. These were added to the approach route to the barrow in autumn 2017. The stone for these monoliths, as with the barrow itself came from Churchfield Quarry, Oundle, near Peterborough. There is no deliberate alignment beyond way-marking for these standing stones. In 2020, a standing stone, with an alignment to the setting sun on the winter solstice, was added to the ritual landscape to acknowledge the suffering of the families impacted by the Coronavirus pandemic. Farm There is a farm at the manor, including Soulton Wood. The farm practices no-till farming. This was covered in an episode of BBC Countryfile in April 2019 with Matt Baker. Research cooperation between Harper Adams University and Oxford University looking at the results of cultivation on Soil ecology, which used DNA sequencing of the soil biome has been hosted on the farm. The woodland is largely oak with some cherry and ash. In total the woodland covers about 50 acres and it is designated ancient woodland. Material from the wood was supplied for repair of the House of Commons after bomb damage in the Second World War. Gallery Spellings Before the modern spelling of 'Soulton', a wide variation in spelling can be observed: Suletune (Domesday Book, 1086) Suleton' (Curia Regis Rolls 1200; Rotuli Hundredorum, 1255) Soleton (Assize Rolls, 1271–2; Feudal Aids 1284-5A) Sulton' (Assize Rolls 1271–2, 91–2) Sulton (Feudal Aids 1431, 1470, 84; Calendar of Close Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, 1703; Shropshire Parish Registers, 1809) Solton' (1334, The Shropshire Lay Subsidy Roll of 1 Edward III) Sowton (Saxton's Map of Shropshire, 1695 The County Maps from William Camden's Britannia 1695 by Robert Morden) Soughton; 1672, The Shropshire Hearth-Tax Roll of 1672) Soulton (1677, Shropshire Parish Register) Saulton (artifacts at the building, 1800s) See also Listed buildings in Wem Rural Hawkstone Park Hawkstone Hall Weston-under-Redcastle Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury Sudeley Castle National Youth Theatre Worshipful Company of Mercers Mathew Parker Rosewell References and further reading An excursion from Sidmouth to Chester in the summer of 1803 (1803) by Edmund Butcher. Whittingham. Antiquities of Shropshire, Vol. 10 (1860) by Robert William Eyton. J.R. Smith,. The Castles & Old Mansions of Shropshire (1868) by Frances Stackhouse Acton. Leake and Evans. Memorials of Old Shropshire (1906) by Thomas Auden. Bemrose & Sons. Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Volume 40 (1919). Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia (1939). American Philosophical Society. 1939 Burke's Guide to Country Houses: Reid, P. Herefordshire, Shropshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire (1978) by Mark Bence-Jones, and Peter Reid. Burke's Peerage. The Tudor and Stuart Legacy, 1530-1730 (1989) by Lawrence Garner. Swan Hill. The World of the Country House in Seventeenth-century England (1999) by John Trevor Cliffe. Yale University Press. Hills of Hawkstone (2005) by Joanna Hill. Phillimore & Co Ltd. Shropshire (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England) (2006) by John Newman. Yale University Press. Design and Plan in the Country House: From Castle Donjons to Palladian Boxes (2008) by Andor Gomme, Austin Harvey Gomme, and Alison Maguire. Yale University Press. References External links History page of official Soulton Hall website, retrieved 29 November 2013 Country houses in Shropshire Grade II* listed buildings in Shropshire Manor houses Theatres in England
Prophecy of the Shadow is a 1992 fantasy role-playing video game developed by Strategic Simulations for MS-DOS. The game was released in both English and German versions. Plot In Prophecy of the Shadow, the land is slowly dying, and it is the player's mission to find out why. The player's character is a disciple of Larkin of Bannerwick. When the player's master is murdered, the player is blamed for his death. The player has magical powers, but the king has outlawed all magic. Gameplay The game plays from an isometric top-down viewpoint, similar to a contemporary game of the time, Ultima VII: The Black Gate. The player character has three statistics: Health, Magic, and Agility. Health reflects the character's stamina, life, and strength. Magic is the amount of power the player possesses to conjure spells. Agility is the ability to dodge an enemy's blows. The game uses an overhead perspective, with icons to the left of the screen which allow the character to drop, use, or give items, attack or talk to others, and enter buildings. Reception The New Straits Times in 1992 called Prophecy of the Shadow the game that Richard Garriott would have produced were he an SSI employee. It wrote that "Gameplay could not be better", citing the user interface, large world to explore, and use of humor. The newspaper concluded "I can wholeheartedly say, 'Good show, old chaps! Just don't give us any more recycled trash like Dark Queen of Krynn." QuestBusters called the game "a significant improvement over [SSI's] Gold Box series — and a lot of fun to play". It liked the "beautiful digitized graphics and over 50 sound effects", and user interface, and concluded that the game was "just plain fun". The game was reviewed in 1993 in Dragon #189 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 3 out of 5 stars. Computer Gaming World called Prophecy of the Shadow "a refreshingly enjoyable adventure, targeted primarily at role-playing neophytes". The magazine stated that "the quality of the digitized animation is surprisingly good", and recommended the game both to new adventure gamers and those "looking for something new and refreshing". It received a 4 out of 5 review in Datormagazin Vol 1992 No 14 (Aug 1992), reviewed by Göran Fröjdh. Reviews ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) - Aug, 1992 References External links Prophecy of the Shadow at GameSpot Prophecy of the Shadow at GameFAQs 1992 video games DOS games DOS-only games Fantasy video games Role-playing video games Strategic Simulations games Video games developed in the United States Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
John Breck may refer to: John M. Breck (1828–1900), mayor of Portland, Oregon, 1861–62 John Leslie Breck (1860–1899), American artist John Breck (actor) (1953–1984), Scottish actor
Coco Bulles is the International Festival of Cartoons and Comics of Abidjan. The aim is to give a panoramic view of the comic literature and graphics in Africa. The festival contains art exhibitions, workshops, conferences and roundtables. The venue for the festival was the Culture Palace of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Past festivals 2001: The first Coco Bulles Festival is held 2–5 November 2001. The motto of the festival was: "Long live the comic!". Some artists who participated the festival in 2001 were: Tristan Demers ( the creator of 'Gargouille', one of the most popular characters in Quebec comics ) and Bernard Willem Holtrop ( one of the most controversial cartoonists in Europe) 2003: The second Coco Bulles Festival is held between 6–9 November 2003. Switzerland was chosen as the guest of honour. The festival is organized by Olvis Dabley and cartoonists Zohoré Lassane , Illary Simplice and Mendozza Y Caramba . Some artists who participated the festival in 2003 were: Jean-Claude Fournier who handled Spirou et Fantasio in the years 1969-1979, Claude Moliterni organizer of Angoulême International Comics Festival, Christophe Bertschy who created 'Nelson', a newspaper strip which appears in Le Matin and in the german newspaper Bieler Tagblatt. 2007: The third Coco Bulles Festival is held between 12 and 15 April 2007 Belgium was chosen as the guest of honour. Some artists who participated the festival in 2007 were: Peter Kroll , Cécile Bertrand and Daniel Henrotin Dany (comics). The theme was; "Comics and satirical, traces of time in search of balance". Some artists who participated the festival in 2003 were Peter Kroll and Cécile Bertrand. The fourth Coco Bulles was originally scheduled in November 2009 but was postponed indefinitely. External links A cartoon album about the Ivorian crisis with humor created by Patrick Chappatte in 2006 (in French) An article on Rezo-Ivory.net entitled "Coco Bulles 2007: Abidjan, Capitale de la BD Pendant 4 Jours" by Raymond Alex Loukou, 25 June 2007 (in French) An article in AfriCultures.com entitled "LA BD Ivorienne se porte bien, Premier festival international du dessin de presse et de la bande dessinée en Côte d'Ivoire" by Sébastien Langevin (in French) Art festivals in Ivory Coast Defunct comics conventions
Jason Emer (born December 15, 1980) is an American clinical dermatologist and surgeon. His fields of practice are in dermatology, plastic surgery, and body contouring. He is also the founder of the skincare brand Emerage Skin and developing products for the beauty brand Nudestix. Career During his residency in New York, Emer started a clinic for HIV-positive patients where he used cosmetic techniques to treat facial lipoatrophy caused by antiretroviral therapy treatments. Emer eventually began practicing clinical dermatology in Mountain View, California before setting up offices in Beverly Hills, West Hollywood, and New York City. Emer has been interviewed about cosmetic subjects by media outlets such as The New York Times, GQ, The Hollywood Reporter, Cosmopolitan and appeared onscreen in the TV series The Doctors and on ABC News. Emer developed products for the cosmetic brand Nudestix alongside the brand’s founders Jenny and Tylor Frankel. He went on to found his own skincare brand Emerage Skin, along with its associated cosmetic brand Emerage Cosmetics. Emer has conducted clinical trials on subjects such as psoraisis treatment and cosmetic camouflage. He has written scholarly literature on subjects such as skin disease pathology, serum treatments, and skin rejuvenation techniques. Personal life Emer lives with his dachshund, Lexie. In his spare time, he enjoys exercising and eating and cooking food. Selected publications Frankel, A., Penrose, C., & Emer, J. (2009). Cutaneous tuberculosis: a practical case report and review for the dermatologist. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 2(10), 19. Levy, L. L., & Emer, J. J. (2013). Female pattern alopecia: current perspectives. International journal of women's health, 541-556. Weinkle, A. P., Doktor, V., & Emer, J. (2015). Update on the management of rosacea. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 159-177. Emer, J. (2019). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): current applications in dermatology. Skin Therapy Letter, 24(5), 1-6. Levy, L. L., & Emer, J. J. (2012). Complications of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures: prevention and management. Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery, 5(2), 121-132. References 1980 births Living people American plastic surgeons American dermatologists Place of birth missing (living people) American company founders
Roberto Maytín and Andrés Molteni was the defending champion, but they did not participate this year. Michail Elgin and Andrey Rublev won the title, defeating Federico Gaio and Alessandro Giannessi in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–4). Seeds Draw External links Main Draw ATP Challenger 2001 Team Padova - Doubles
Ellen Juntti (born 1958) is a Swedish politician. , she serves as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Västra Götaland County West. She was also elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022. References Living people 1958 births Place of birth missing (living people) 21st-century Swedish women politicians Members of the Riksdag from the Moderate Party Members of the Riksdag 2010–2014 Members of the Riksdag 2014–2018 Members of the Riksdag 2018–2022 Members of the Riksdag 2022–2026 Women members of the Riksdag
Maulana Mohammad Ali College is a state college in Kagmari, Tangail, Bangladesh. It is often referred to as M. M. Ali College. The college is located at Kagmari near Tangail city. This is a government college affiliated with National University of Bangladesh. Professor Md. Shahiduzzaman Mian is the principal of the college. History Maulana Mohammad Ali College was established in 1957 by Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani and was named after Mohammad Ali Jouhar, an important leader of the Khilafat movement of British India. The school was initially located at an used government office. In 1958, in the aftermath of the Bengali language movement, a martyr's memorial was erected on campus. During the 1969 East Pakistan mass uprising one student was killed and ten were injured on 4 February when the East Pakistan Rifles opened fire on a demonstration. During the Bangladesh Liberation war, a former professor of the college, Abdul Khaleque, was in the local pro-Pakistan militia, the Razakars. He is responsible for war crimes and forcibly converting Hindus into Muslims. In 1975 the government of Bangladesh nationalised the college. Notable people Rafiq Azad began his career teaching Bengali at the college from 1968 to 1972 References Schools in Tangail District Colleges in Tangail District Education in Tangail Colleges affiliated to National University, Bangladesh 1957 establishments in East Pakistan
Jesús María Albisu Andrade (born 6 April 1949 in Errenteria) is a former Spanish handball player who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics. In 1980 he finished fifth with the Spanish team in the Olympic tournament. He played all six matches and scored 27 goals. References 1949 births Living people Spanish male handball players Olympic handball players for Spain Handball players at the 1980 Summer Olympics People from Errenteria Sportspeople from Gipuzkoa Handball players from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
The Pop 'N Rocker Game is an American game show and variety show produced by Ron Greenberg Productions and Alan Landsburg Productions. The program premiered on September 17, 1983, and aired through September 1984 and combined musical trivia with in-studio performances. Two bands were featured on each episode; as such, the show was touted at the opening of each show as a "Game in Concert". Jon Bauman was the show's host, and both Phil Hartman and M.G. Kelly served as announcers. Some notable bands that appeared on The Pop 'N Rocker Game were Mötley Crüe, Huey Lewis and the News, Culture Club, Oingo Boingo, and The Commodores. The very first televised appearance of the Bangles with new bassist Michael Steele happened on The Pop 'N Rocker Game. Gameplay Three teenagers competed. Five or six pop music trivia questions were asked; some of them having to deal with visual clues (such as pictures or clips from music videos). Each question was worth $50. After the final question was asked, the performer mentioned in the question would come out and perform a song (hence why the show was billed as "a game in concert" in its intro). After this performance, the Countdown Round was played. The questions started at $50, and increased by $10 for each question. This continued for 60 seconds. The contestant in the lead won the game and moved on to the Superstar Round. If the game ended in a two-way tie for first place, or if all three tied, Bauman read one last question, with the person ringing in and answering correctly winning the game. In the Superstar Round, the contestant had to unscramble the names of bands. Jon would read a clue to each one. If they could unscramble three in 30 seconds, they won a prize package worth over $2,000. After the bonus round, one of the bands mentioned in the bonus round would come out and perform a song. The show would end with one final song by the first performer. References Encyclopedia of Television Game Shows 1st ed. - Fred Wostbrock, Steve Ryan, David Schwartz External links Musical game shows 1980s American children's game shows First-run syndicated television programs in the United States 1983 American television series debuts 1984 American television series endings Television series by Alan Landsburg Productions Television series by Universal Television
Sinocyclocheilus multipunctatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus. References multipunctatus Fish described in 1931
St. Wenceslas Church or St. Wenceslaus Church may refer to a number of different churches including: In the Czech Republic St. Wenceslas Church (Vršovice) in Prague (District Prague 10), completed in 1930. St. Wenceslas Church (Zderaz) in New Town, Prague, first mentioned in 1115. In the United States St. Wenceslaus Church, Chicago in Chicago, Illinois St. Wenceslaus Church, Baltimore in Baltimore, Maryland St. Wenceslaus Catholic Church and Parish House in Tabor, South Dakota St. Wenceslaus Church, Wisconsin in Waterloo, Wisconsin
LOWB is the solo project of Andy Barlow best known as one-half of chilled downtempo electronic band Lamb which he co-founded with singer Lou Rhodes. Discography Leap and the Net Will Appear is the debut album from LOWB released 3 June 2013 on Distiller Records with the EP Inward Outburst released on 19 May 2013. LOWB recorded a live session/interview on BBC Radio 2's Dermot O'Leary show in May 2013 in May 2013. The album initially had a limited release in 2011 on Barlow's own label Ear Parcel Recordings: the 2013 re-release features additional songs and new artwork. References External links Official LOWB website 2013 debut albums
William Henry (Bullock) Hall (5 April 1837 – 21 April 1904) was an English first-class cricketer, journalist and military historian. Family and early life The son of Henry Robert Bullock, he was born into the Bullock family at Faulkbourne, Essex in April 1837. He was educated at Rugby School, before going up to Balliol College, Oxford where he studied classical moderations. Cricketer While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1857. He made four further first-class appearances for Oxford, with a further appearance in 1857 followed by two in 1858 and one in 1859. Bullock scored 207 runs in his five matches, at an average of 29.57 and with a high score of 78. Journalist After he graduated from Oxford, he was a member of Lincoln's Inn but did not become a barrister and instead traveled to Italy, Egypt and the Holy Land. He then chose to become a journalist in the employment of The Daily News. Poland He was the newspaper's special correspondent and reported on the Polish Insurrection in 1863-1864 following which he wrote a book, Polish Experiences, published by Macmillan in 1864. His hosts, during his travels, included the Tarnowski family. Bullock described visiting the family seat at Dzików Castle where he met Count Jan Tarnowski and his two brothers, Juliusz Tarnowski and Stanisław Tarnowski. Juliusz was killed 2 weeks later fighting the Russians whilst Stanisław was condemned by the Austrians to 12-year solitary confinement in the Wawel Castle. Some months later, as Bullock returned from his wider travels back to Kraków, he sought permission to visit Stanisław in prison. Although permission was formally granted, access was denied on the morning of his visit. Other assignments He also covered the Second French intervention in Mexico in 1864–65, writing Across Mexico in 1864-5, and represented the paper in Rome from 1866 to 1867. He became an ardent partisan of the Italian Revolutionary movement fighting with Garibaldi from whom he received personal thanks. He was dispatched to Sedan during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, where he was the chief manager of the French Peasant Relief Fund while based in France for which he was created Chevalier of . Philanthropy Bullock was keenly interested in movements of practical philanthropy: encouraging fruit growing in Ireland by free gifts of trees, building improved dwellings in the slums of the East End of London and erecting model cottages for those working on his estates. Later life He changed his surname in 1872, assuming the name Hall, in lieu of Bullock, on the inheritance of the Cambridgeshire estates of his uncle, General John Hall of Weston Colville and Six Mile Bottom. He was also a military historian, writing books on the subject. Having served as a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for Cambridgeshire, he later served as the High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in 1891. He was resident at Six Mile Bottom in Cambridgeshire and also had a villa at Valscure in France at Saint-Raphaël, where he died in April 1904 after a short illness resulting from paralysis. References External links 1837 births 1904 deaths People from Braintree District People educated at Rugby School Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford English cricketers Oxford University cricketers Members of Lincoln's Inn English reporters and correspondents English non-fiction writers 19th-century English historians British military historians English justices of the peace Deputy Lieutenants of Cambridgeshire High Sheriffs of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire
Arbat-e Olya (, also Romanized as Arbaţ-e ‘Olyā and Arbaţ ‘Olyā) is a village in Ajorluy-ye Sharqi Rural District, Baruq District, Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 144, in 25 families. References Populated places in Miandoab County
Sandžačka TV Mreža or STV () is a Serbian commercial television channel with regional coverage dedicated to local news from territory of Sandžak and Raška. Company headquarters is located in Tutin, Bogoljuba Čukića 9 street. See also RTV Novi Pazar Sandžak TV Sanapress References External links Television stations in Serbia Television channels and stations established in 2017 Multilingual broadcasters
Leytmotif Luzifer (The 7 Temptations of Man) is the ninth studio album by Austrian black metal band Abigor. It was released on 18 July 2014. Track listing Credits P.K. (Virus 666, Peter Kubik) – Guitars T.T. (Thomas Tannenberger) – Guitars, Drums, Bass Silenius – Vocals Protector – Vocals (backing) External links Leytmotif Luzifer at metal-archives.com 2014 albums Abigor albums Avantgarde Music albums
Yitzchak M. "Irv" Binik (born February 6, 1949) is an American-Canadian psychologist whose main research interest is human sexuality, specifically sexual pain (vaginismus and dyspareunia). Career The only child of Abraham and Bella Binik, originally from Nowy Lupkow and Lodz respectively, he grew up in Rochester, N.Y. In 1970, Binik earned B.A. in History from New York University and a B.H.L. in Jewish Studies from the Jewish Theological Seminary. He then studied experimental psychopathology and Clinical Psychology at University of Pennsylvania, earning a M.A. in 1972 and a Ph.D. in 1975, following a Clinical Internship at Warneford Hospital's Department of Psychiatry at University of Oxford in 1974-1975. His dissertation was on circadian rhythms and escape learning in the laboratory rat. He has taught at McGill University since 1975 and has been a full professor since 1992. He coordinates the Sex and Couple Therapy Service of Royal Victoria Hospital, part of the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal. Binik is a fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association and a diplomate of the American Board of Sexology. In 2003 Binik was awarded the Canadian Psychological Association prize for distinguished contribution to professional psychology. In 2006, he received the Masters and Johnson Award for lifetime achievement from the Society for Sex Therapy and Research. Much of his research has focused on sexual response in women, including women who have experienced menopause. Binik reported that sexual response in women and men was not markedly different in terms of speed. Binik has also studied male sexual response, reporting that circumcision may not affect sensation. He has written on how sexual pain should be reclassified from a sex disorder to a pain disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In 2008, Binik was selected for the DSM-V Sexual & Gender Identity Disorders Work Group chaired by Kenneth Zucker. Selected publications Devins GM, Orme CM, Costello CG, Binik YM, Frizzell B, Stam HJ, Pullin WM (1988). Measuring depressive symptoms in illness populations: Psychometric properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Psychology & Health, Volume 2, Issue 2 April 1988, pages 139 – 156. Binik YM, Devins GM, Barre PE, Guttmann RD, Hollomby DJ. Mandin H, Paul LC, Hons RB, Burgess ED (1993). Live and learn: Patient education delays the need to initiate renal replacement therapy in end-stage renal disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(6):371-376 Meana M, Binik YM (1994). Painful Coitus: A review of female dyspareunia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 182(5):264-272. Bergeron S, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Cohen D (1997). Dyspareunia: Sexual dysfunction or pain syndrome? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 185(9):561-569. Bergeron S, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Pagidas K (1997). Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: A critical review. The Clinical Journal of Pain. 13(1):27-42, March 1997. Meana M, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Cohen DR (1997). Biopsychosocial profile of women with dyspareunia. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1997;90:583-589. Binik YM, Mah K, Kiesler S (1999). Ethical issues in conducting sex research on the internet. Journal of Sex Research. Feb 1999; 36, 1. Meana M, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Cohen D (1999). Psychosocial correlates of pain attributions in women with dyspareunia. Psychosomatics. 40:497-502, December 1999. Binik YM, Bergeron S, Khalifé S (2000). Dyspareunia. In Leiblum SR (ed.) Principles and practice of sex therapy. 4th ed., New York: The Guilford Press. Bergeron S, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Pagidas K, Glazer HI, Meana M, Amsel R (2001). A randomized comparison of group cognitive-behavioral therapy, surface electromyographic biofeedback, and vestibulectomy in the treatment of dyspareunia resulting from vulvar vestibulitis. Pain. 2001 Apr;91(3):297-306. Bergeron S, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Pagidas K, Glazer HI (2001). Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: Reliability of diagnosis and evaluation of current diagnostic criteria. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001;98:45-51. Bergeron S, Brown C, Lord MJ, Oala M, Binik YM, S (2002). Physical therapy for vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: A retrospective study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. Volume 28, Number 3, 1 May 2002, pp. 183–192(10) Pukall CF, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Amsel R, Abbott FV (2002). Vestibular tactile and pain thresholds in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Pain. 2002, vol. 96, no1-2, pp. 163–175 (1 p. 1/2). Reissing ED, Binik YM, Khalifé S, Cohen D, Amsel R (2003). Etiological correlates of vaginismus: Sexual and physical abuse, sexual knowledge, sexual self-schema, and relationship adjustment. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. Volume 29, Issue 1 January 2003, pages 47 – 59. ED Reissing, YM Binik, S Khalifé, D Cohen, R Amsel (2004). Vaginal spasm, pain, and behavior: An empirical investigation of the diagnosis of vaginismus. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2003, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 47–59. References External links Irving M. Binik profile via McGill University Irv Binik lab Irving M. Binik profile via American Psychiatric Association DSM-V Work Group 1949 births Canadian people of American descent Canadian sexologists Living people Academic staff of McGill University New York University College of Arts & Science alumni
Adrienn Bende (born 25 June 1985) is a Hungarian racing driver and model. Life Model career Bende was born in Budapest, and was the winner of the Miss Universe Hungary contest in 2006, and one of the 20 semi-finalists of the Miss Universe 2006 contest from Los Angeles. Racing career She is since 2011 race driver at the Lotus Ladies Cup in Lotus Elise. Bende's first racing team was ProexSport Kft, since 2014 she is a driver for Czollner Motorsport. References Living people 1985 births Hungarian female models Miss Universe 2006 contestants Hungarian beauty pageant winners Hungarian racing drivers Kodolányi János University of Applied Sciences alumni Models from Budapest Hungarian female racing drivers Sportspeople from Budapest
John Wickliffe was the first ship to arrive carrying Scottish settlers, including Otago settlement founder Captain William Cargill, in the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. The ship was named after a religious reformer, John Wycliffe. Departing with 97 passengers from Gravesend, near London, on 22 November 1847, and from Portsmouth on 14 December 1847, she arrived at Port Chalmers on 23 March 1848. 23 March is now observed as Otago Anniversary Day, although the anniversary actually celebrates the establishment of the Otago provincial government on the same day in 1852. Her sister ship, Philip Laing, arrived three weeks later on 15 April. Commemoration One of the more prominent buildings in the Exchange area of downtown Dunedin is named John Wickliffe House in honour of the ship. It stands on land close to where the ship berthed in Dunedin. Wickliffe Street in Port Chalmers is named after the ship. References External links Transcript of the passenger list of the John Wickliffe 1841 ships History of Dunedin Immigration to New Zealand Port Chalmers 1840s in Dunedin

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