text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
var isBoolean = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-boolean' ).isPrimitive;
var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
var hasInt16ArraySupport = require( './../lib' );
// MAIN //
bench( pkg, function benchmark( b ) {
var bool;
var i;
b.tic();
for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
// Note: the following *could* be optimized away via loop-invariant code motion. If so, the entire loop will disappear.
bool = hasInt16ArraySupport();
if ( typeof bool !== 'boolean' ) {
b.fail( 'should return a boolean' );
}
}
b.toc();
if ( !isBoolean( bool ) ) {
b.fail( 'should return a boolean' );
}
b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
b.end();
});
``` |
Jamaicans for Justice (JFJ) is a non-profit, non-partisan human rights organization in Jamaica. JFJ was founded in 1999 in Kingston, Jamaica. The group was co-founded by Jamaican human rights activist Dr. Carolyn Gomes who in 2008 was awarded the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights. The organization is most widely known for providing legal support to hundreds of victims of state abuse in Jamaica and litigation of human rights issues before Jamaican and international tribunals.
Origin
Jamaican for Justice (JFJ) arose out of the Gas Riots of 16 April 1999. On 19 August 1999 four months after the riots, JFJ came into being. On 15 October, it was officially a legal entity. The founders of JFJ saw strong need for a human rights action group to address the frustrations of the Jamaican people and the systemic abuse by the security forces. These frustrations included many instances of alleged corruption in the public sphere, apparent miscarriages of Justice in the judicial system and imbalances in the socio-economic system. Since its formation, JFJ has also developed working relationships with Amnesty International, USAID Jamaica, The Carter Center, Article 21, Street Law, CEJIL and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Notable cases
JFJ has represented hundreds of low-income victims of state abuse, leading a number of campaigns in high-profile cases.
Police beating death of twenty-six-year-old Michael Gayle. Gayle, who was mentally ill, died on 23 August 1999 of injuries he sustained after attempting to pass through a police and army road block two days earlier. He was subjected to such a severe beating by police and army officers that he suffered a traumatic rupture of his stomach lining.
Police Killing of the Braeton Seven in March 2001. The police, under questionable circumstances shot and killed Reagon Beckford, 14; Christopher Grant, 17; Dane Whyte, 19; Tamoya Wilson, 20; Andre Virgo, 20; Lancebert Clarke, 19; and Curtis Smith, 20. The police officers were charged with murder and later acquitted.
13-year-old Janice Allen was killed controversially in a crossfire between police and gunmen in April 2000.
JFJ have called for a thorough police investigation of the murder of cross-dressing teenager, Dwayne Jones, in summer 2013.
Child rights
The protection of the rights of children in the care of the Jamaican state has been an issue of concern for JFJ since 2001 but came to the fore in 2003 when citizens began to bring problems concerning children to the attention of the organisation. Since that time, JFJ has actively monitored the situation of wards of the state in children’s homes, places of safety, lock-up, remand and correctional facilities to gather data, provide reports and lobby vigorously for the protection of Jamaica’s most vulnerable citizens.
Leadership
JFJ was co-founded and led for over a decade by prominent activist Dr. Carolyn Gomes, who was awarded the 2008 United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights. In 2016, criminologist and civil society organizer Horace Levy was appointed as executive director. Levy retired in December, 2017 and was succeeded by present executive director, Rodjé Malcolm.
References
External links
Official website
Political advocacy groups in Jamaica
Civil rights organizations
Human rights in Jamaica
Organizations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Jamaica |
is an upscale residential district of Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. Located on the southwestern part of Shibuya, this district borders Kamiyamachō on the north, Udagawachō on the east, Dōgenzaka on the southeast, Shinsenchō and Maruyamachō on the south, and Komaba on the west.
Places of interest
Cultural
Museums
Shoto Museum of Art
Toguri Museum of Art
Theatre
Nishino Ballet Troupe Head Office
Schools
operates public elementary and junior high schools.
All of Shoto (1 and 2 chome) is zoned to Jinnan Elementary School (神南小学校), and Shoto Junior High School (松濤中学校).
Educational institutions in Shoto:
Shoto Junior High School
Yamazaki University of Animal Nursing Shibuya campus
Other
Unification Movement Japan Headquarters
Nabeshima Shoto Park
Guest House of the Governor of Tokyo (now demolished)
Former location of the Kanze Noh Theatre (now in Ginza)
Transportation
The nearest station is Shinsen Station, on the Keio Inokashira Line.
References
Neighborhoods of Tokyo
Shibuya |
Sidol () is a small settlement in the Tuhinj Valley in the Municipality of Kamnik in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies in a small enclosed valley in the hills above Šmartno v Tuhinju.
Geography
Sidol is a clustered village on a small plain above the Nevljica River. To the south are Bare Peak (Goli vrh, ) and Velink Hill (). Sidol includes the hamlet of Jevnik () in a small valley west of the main village core.
Name
Sidol was first mentioned in written sources in 1291 and circa 1400 as Suchidol (and as Suchwdol in 1477, as Sihidal in 1664, and as s Sidala in 1769). The name is a dialect contraction of Suhi dol (literally, 'dry valley'; Suhí dôl > Shídol > Sídol). The name refers to the local geography because there is no spring in Sidol.
History
A bronze sculpture of a Roman deity was unearthed in Sidol in 1899 during excavation for a cistern, attesting to early settlement in the area.
Mass grave
Sidol is the site of a mass grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Jevnik Mass Grave () is located in a meadow south of the hamlet of Jevnik, about from the road. It contains the remains of Croatian soldiers, civilians, and Slovenes that were imprisoned at Šmartno v Tuhinju and murdered on May 13, 1945.
References
External links
Sidol on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Kamnik |
In the field of unconventional superconductivity, a Fermi arc is a phenomenon visible in the pseudogap state of a superconductor. Seen in momentum space, part of the space exhibits a gap in the density of states, like in a superconductor. This starts at the antinodal points, and spreads through momentum space when lowering the temperature until everywhere is gapped and the sample is superconducting. The area in momentum space that remains ungapped is called the Fermi Arc.
Fermi arcs also appear in some materials with topological properties such as Weyl Semimetals where they represent a surface projection of a two dimensional Fermi contour and are terminated onto the projections of the Weyl fermion nodes on the surface.
See also
Fermi surface
References
Superconductivity |
Taepyeong Station is a station on the Suin–Bundang Line between Gachon University and Moran Station. Located in central Seongnam, it is also in proximity of the Tancheon and Seoul Air Base.
External links
Station information from Korail
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Railway stations opened in 1994
Metro stations in Seongnam
Railway stations in South Korea opened in the 1990s |
There are about 500 New Caledonians of Indian descent. They were known as Malabars and orinignally arrived in the 19th century from other French Territories, namely Réunion.
New Caledonia has several descendants of Tamils, whose parents intermarried with the local population already in the 20th century. New Caledonia requires a special study since many Tamils went there as labourers and a report in a book published about 1919 states that of the Chinese, Indians and Javanese who colonised new Caledonia, the Indians gave satisfaction. In Tahiti in August 1967, about twenty families who had descended from Tamils were found. Neither the parents nor the children had any knowledge of their ancestry, but the parents remembered their own parents and how when their parents and Indian friends met they spoke 'la langue' and often sang and cried remembering their homeland. The family name was the only clue to their Indian origin e.g. Pavalacoddy, Mariasoosay, Rayappan, Saminathan, Thivy and Veerasamy.
References
Tamil Diaspora of New Caledonia
New Caledonia
Indian diaspora in Oceania |
The Chad–Nigeria border is 85 km (53 mi) in length and consists of a single diagonal line running NW to SE from the tripoint with Niger in the north to the tripoint with Cameroon in the south.
Description
This short boundary consists of a single straight line connecting Chad and Nigeria's tripoints with Niger and Cameroon. The entire boundary formerly lay entirely in Lake Chad, however given the dramatic decrease in the lake's size over the past several decades most of the boundary now run across land, swamp and intermittent exposed islands in the lake.
History
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa. The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward. As a result of this France gained control of the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville). Meanwhile, Britain, which had (via the Royal Niger Company) administered the area around Lagos since 1861 and the Oil River Protectorate (Calabar are the surrounding area) since 1884, would have priority in the areas south of the upper Niger region. From their respective bases both nations gradually extended their rule into the interior. The French eventually linked their holdings following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kousséri in the far north of modern Cameroon. These newly conquered regions were initially ruled as military territories, with the two areas later organised into the federal colonies of French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, abbreviated AOF) and French Equatorial Africa (Afrique équatoriale française, AEF). The British likewise extended their rule inward from their Lagos and Calabar bases, forming two additional colonies - the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. In 1900 rule of these areas was transferred to the British government, with the Northern and Southern (including Lagos and Calabar) protectorates united as the colony of Nigeria in 1914. The modern Chad–Nigeria border arose largely as a secondary result of other border negotiations in the region: Anglo-German agreement s in 1893 and 1906-07 agreed that the border between Britain's Nigerian colonies and German Cameroon would extend into Lake Chad; Anglo-French agreements in 1898, 1904, 1906 and 1910 extended the AOF-Northern Nigeria border into the lake; and a Franco-German border treaty of 1908 extended the AEF-Cameroon border into the lake. After the two tripoints were delimited more definitely (Chad-Niger-Nigeria in 1910-12 and Chad-Cameroon-Nigeria in 1931) the border became fixed as a straight line connecting these two points.
France gradually granted more political rights and representation for the constituent territories of their two African federations, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community. Eventually, Chad gained full independence in August 1960, with Nigeria likewise declaring independence in October 1960, and thus their mutual frontier became an international one between two independent states. At a conference of the Lake Chad Basin states held in N'Djamena in December 1962 it was agreed to respect the existing boundaries within the lake. Since then the lake has decreased dramatically in size, and much if not all of the Chad–Nigeria border now runs over land, creating problems with border management and demarcation. In 1983 disputes between Chad and Nigeria over their mutual border escalated into fighting, after Nigeria sent troops to the area citing harassment of Nigerian fishers by Chadian elements, resulting in the deaths of 75 Chadian and nine Nigerian soldiers. In more recent years many thousands of refugees have crossed the border due to the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in north-eastern Nigeria.
See also
Chad-Nigeria relations
References
Borders of Chad
Borders of Nigeria
International borders |
Slate Hill Settlement is an archaeological site in Northumberland, England, near the village of Bolam and about west of Morpeth. The site, a defended settlement dating from the Iron Age, is a scheduled monument.
Description
The site is regarded as an example of a type of defended settlement of the Iron Age, first constructed in the 7th to 5th centuries BC in the northern uplands of what is now England, sometimes located on hilltops. Within the enclosure there would be a number of stone or timber roundhouses for the inhabitants, probably a single family group, and perhaps space to keep livestock in winter.
On Slate Hill there are four concentric ramparts, terraced on the sloping hillside, in a semicircle forming on the north and west sides of an enclosure; quarrying has affected the east side where one rampart remains. The ramparts, of stone and earth, are about wide and high. On the south side a steep slope provides defence. The enclosure within the defences is about west to east and north to south. A break in the west side is thought to be an original entrance.
Archaeological sites nearby
Huckhoe Settlement, an Iron Age and Romano-British settlement
The Poind and his Man, a Bronze Age burial mound
Shaftoe Crags Settlement, a Romano-British defended settlement
References
Scheduled monuments in Northumberland
Archaeological sites in Northumberland
Belsay |
Troy Cook (born 12 August 1976) is an Australian rules footballer. Cook played for the Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football League as well as the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League.
Early career
Cook grew up in Carnarvon where he played for the Warriors FC and he spent his last year of school and underage football with St Patricks in Geraldton. In 1993 he was a member of the WA Under 18 team playing alongside future team-mates Shaun McManus and Peter Bell. Cook played 40 games for Perth in the West Australian Football League between 1994 & 1996 and was runner-up in the Sandover Medal in 1996.
Sydney Swans
At the 1996 AFL Draft Cook was chosen at pick 26 by the Swans. Cook spent the next 3 years developing his skills under coach Rodney Eade. During his time at Sydney he perfected one of his greatest assets, his tackling. He also worked with assistant coach Damian Drum who he would later meet again at Fremantle.
Fremantle Dockers
On his return to WA in 2000 Cook immediately showed he was determined to be a part of the Fremantle line-up with a strong pre-season and impressive early form. By the end of the season he had played all 22 games, lead the club in disposals and was named the club champion.
2003 onwards
Cook played all 88 regular season games (a club record for consecutive games at the time) in his first four seasons at Fremantle, but broke his ankle in the final round of 2003, forcing him to miss Fremantle's first ever finals match.
Recovering from the broken ankle, he started the 2004 season in the WAFL before eventually playing 18 games. He missed two games late in the season with a hamstring strain and was used mainly in defence. As hard at the ball as ever and, despite his slow start to the season, was fifth on Fremantle's tackles list.
On 26 August 2007 Cook announced that 2007 will be his final season of AFL football. He played his 150th and final match in Round 22, 2007, against Port Adelaide, earning him life membership of the Fremantle Dockers.
He played for the Perth Football Club in the WAFL, and retired in the middle of the 2010 season, after playing a total of 301 games for Sydney, Fremantle and Perth. He also played two games for Western Australia.
Director of Football at Perth Football Club
On December 14, 2016 it was announced that Troy Cook had been appointed the Director of Football at the Perth Football Club following a poor on and off field record in recent seasons.
References
External links
Troy Cook's WAFL statistics
1976 births
Fremantle Football Club players
Doig Medal winners
Living people
Sydney Swans players
Perth Football Club players
Indigenous Australians from Western Australia
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
People from Carnarvon, Western Australia
Western Australian State of Origin players |
Deathpunk may refer to:
Deathrock, a rock music genre which emerged from punk rock
Grindcore, a genre fusing hardcore punk with thrash metal and death metal
Deathcore, a genre fusing death metal with metalcore and/or hardcore punk
The self-described style of Norwegian punk rock band Turbonegro
Love It to Deathpunk, a compilation album released by Turbonegro in Australia
See also
Death metal, death and roll |
The Icelandic Film School ()) is an Icelandic institute offering two-year Diplomas in Directing & Producing, Creative Technology, Screenwriting & Directing, and Acting. all taught fully in English.The school was formed in 1992 by . In 2002, the school moved to the former premises of Sjónvarpið on Laugavegur and its first students graduated in 2005.
The Icelandic Film School offers the only internationally recognized filmmaking education in Iceland. The establishment has been a member of CILECT, an international coalition of the most prestigious film schools in the world, since 2011.
By specializing immediately from the first semester, students can, from the start, build their skillset to grow and shine. Although each department offers specializations in the field of filmmaking, all students learn the general fundamentals of all filmmaking aspects and cooperate between departments.
The Icelandic Film School works with teachers and instructors who are working in the film industry.
"We believe that by working together with industry professionals by using hands-on teaching methods, our students will achieve great things. We study filmmaking by creating film guided by those who have years of experience. There is a big group of professionals who are involved in the education of all of our students. They are participants in sculpting the directors, producers, cinematographers, sound artists, editors, screenwriters and the actors of the future. Many of them are regulars but sometimes duty calls in the big world of cinema."
All departments at IFS enjoy access to the equipment rental department, which boasts an extensive selection of cameras, including Blackmagic 4K and 6K, a variety of lenses, sound recorders, and various lights for filming. The school also maintains collaborations with major equipment rentals in Iceland, such as KUKL, Pegasus, and Luxor. IFS features a sound studio, a mixing room, two fully-equipped studios, a green screen facility, and computer labs that are accessible 24/7 to students. These labs come loaded with the entire Adobe Suite, DaVinci Suite, and other essential software.
To further support students during shoots, IFS provides access to a vehicle for transporting equipment to and from set. This comprehensive approach ensures that students have all the resources they need to succeed in their filmmaking journey at the Icelandic Film School.
References
External links
Cinema of Iceland
Education in Reykjavík
Film schools |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_INTL_SUPPORT
#error Internationalization is expected to be enabled.
#endif // V8_INTL_SUPPORT
#ifndef V8_OBJECTS_JS_DATE_TIME_FORMAT_INL_H_
#define V8_OBJECTS_JS_DATE_TIME_FORMAT_INL_H_
#include "src/objects/js-date-time-format.h"
#include "src/objects/objects-inl.h"
// Has to be the last include (doesn't have include guards):
#include "src/objects/object-macros.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
TQ_OBJECT_CONSTRUCTORS_IMPL(JSDateTimeFormat)
ACCESSORS(JSDateTimeFormat, icu_locale, Managed<icu::Locale>, kIcuLocaleOffset)
ACCESSORS(JSDateTimeFormat, icu_simple_date_format,
Managed<icu::SimpleDateFormat>, kIcuSimpleDateFormatOffset)
ACCESSORS(JSDateTimeFormat, icu_date_interval_format,
Managed<icu::DateIntervalFormat>, kIcuDateIntervalFormatOffset)
inline void JSDateTimeFormat::set_hour_cycle(HourCycle hour_cycle) {
int hints = flags();
hints = HourCycleBits::update(hints, hour_cycle);
set_flags(hints);
}
inline JSDateTimeFormat::HourCycle JSDateTimeFormat::hour_cycle() const {
return HourCycleBits::decode(flags());
}
inline void JSDateTimeFormat::set_date_style(
JSDateTimeFormat::DateTimeStyle date_style) {
int hints = flags();
hints = DateStyleBits::update(hints, date_style);
set_flags(hints);
}
inline JSDateTimeFormat::DateTimeStyle JSDateTimeFormat::date_style() const {
return DateStyleBits::decode(flags());
}
inline void JSDateTimeFormat::set_time_style(
JSDateTimeFormat::DateTimeStyle time_style) {
int hints = flags();
hints = TimeStyleBits::update(hints, time_style);
set_flags(hints);
}
inline JSDateTimeFormat::DateTimeStyle JSDateTimeFormat::time_style() const {
return TimeStyleBits::decode(flags());
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
#include "src/objects/object-macros-undef.h"
#endif // V8_OBJECTS_JS_DATE_TIME_FORMAT_INL_H_
``` |
Dr. Geevarghese Mor Gregorios (Perumpally Thirumeni) (10 October 1933 – 22 February 1999) was a bishop of the Syriac Orthodox Church, President of the Episcopal Synod of the Church in India, President of the Synod of the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church and the Metropolitan of Cochin, Kottayam, Kollam, Niranam and Thumpamon Dioceses.
Beginnings
Geevarghese was born in the ancient aristocratic family of Parapallil in Puthupally, Kottayam as the third son of Mathew Asan and Annamma. His father died when he was very young and he was taken care of by his elder brother P.M.Mathew.
Geevarghese received his theological education at Thrikkothamangalam Mor Sharbil Dayro and Manjanikkara Mor Ignatius Dayro.
He was ordained priest by Yulius Elias Qoro on 1 August 1958 and for several years served as the vicar of St. George's Simhasana Church, Perumpally.
Bishopric
Fr. Geevarghese was elected to the episcopate by the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Association meeting at St. George Church, Karingachira in January 1974. Consecrated metropolitan by Patriarch Ignatius Ya`qub III on 24 February 1974 for Cochin diocese with additional charge of Kottayam diocese, Gregorios became the Metropolitan of Kottayam after the 1982 Synod at Cochin presided by Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas. In the early 1970s, when the church in Malankara became divided again over the role of the Patriarchate of Antioch, Gregorios led the faithful who maintained their spiritual association with Antioch. Following the death of Catholicos Baselios Paulose II on 2 September 1996, Geevarghese presided over the Episcopal Synod and the Synod of the Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church until his own death.
Death
Geevarghese died on 22 February 1999 from a kidney disease. His remains are interred in the sanctuary of the Perumpally Simhasana Church. Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas visited this church in April 2000 to offer memorial prayers at his tomb.
Legacy
Perumpally Thirumeni wrote many of the prayer songs of the Syrian Orthodox Church. He has the record of ordaining the most priests, more than a hundred, the majority, like thirumeni, without theological education. Many church buildings were named in memory of Geevarghese Gregorios. He started the Hail Mary Residential school at Perumpally.
References
External links
Mor Gregorios Geevarghese
Perumpally Simhasana Church website
Mor Gregorios Geevarghese; Syriac Orthodox Resource
Web Archive about Mor Gregorios Geevarghese
1933 births
1999 deaths
Christian clergy from Kottayam
Syriac Orthodox Church bishops |
Mangu Station is a station on the Gyeongui–Jungang Line, and the Gyeongchun Line since 21 December 2010. The station was Seoul's main distribution center of charcoal briquettes in the 1950s and 1960s, extracted and manufactured in southern Gangwon province. These briquettes were widely used by people to weather harsh winters when Korea was a developing country and recovering from the Korean War. It is a station that still predominantly handles freight trains. It is very close to an E-Mart and Costco stores.
Although it is located close to the Sangbong Bus Terminal and Sangbong Station, it has yet to fulfill its potential as a transportation hub. With the electrification and twin-tracking of the Gyeongchun Line, this station is the newly designated western terminus station (however, the Gyeongchun Line operates about 1 km west further till its de facto terminus, Sangbong).
External links
Station information from Korail
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Metro stations in Jungnang District
Railway stations opened in 1940
Railway stations in South Korea opened in the 1940s |
Trichilia blanchetii is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
blanchetii
Endemic flora of Brazil
Endangered plants
Endangered biota of South America
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
The Times Journal of Cobleskill is a weekly newspaper published every Thursday that covers news concerning Schoharie County of New York. The Times Journal increased its price to $1.00 per paper, from $.75 in 2007, and has a website, also created in 2007. The Journal, as it is also known, proclaims itself to be "The News of Schoharie County," although it is also read in other areas. It is currently owned by Jim Poole.
The beginning
The Times Journal was first published in 1877; at the time, it was known as the Cobleskill Herald. Originally, the paper triumphed the Republican point of view. Although Cobleskill and Schoharie County were heavily Democrat, the paper was successful.
After going through several owners, the Herald was bought by Erwin B. Hard in 1885. Soon after purchasing the paper, Hard renamed it the Cobleskill Times.
Success and mergers
The paper went through several owners from 1885–1918, but continued to grow. In 1919, Charles L. Ryder bought the paper. Ryder, who had also published the Cherry Valley Gazette and the Sharon Springs Record, merged these papers with the Cobleskill Times.
In 1946 the Schoharie County Journal merged with the Cobleskill Times to form the Times Journal.
Today
The Journal was in the Ryder family until 1979, when Richard Sanford purchased it. In July 1992, Jim Poole became owner and publisher of the paper.
The "Journal" is the main source of high school sports in the county, including teams from Middleburgh, Schoharie, Cobleskill, and Sharon Springs. They also have a letter to the editor section which draws heavy debate from readers.
Around November of every year, The Times Journal publishes Hometown Cooking, a collection of reader-submitted recipes. Notable examples of featured recipes include:
Special K Loaf
Pizza Soup
Peanut Butter Soup
Coca-Cola Salad
Mountain Dew Apple Dumplings
Putting-on-the-Ritz Chicken Casserole
Diet Lemonade Chicken
Spaghetti Pie
Chocolate Mayonnaise Cake
Hot Dogs in Bourbon
Root Beer Pulled Chicken
Notes
Newspapers published in New York (state)
Newspapers established in 1877
Schoharie County, New York
Weekly newspapers published in the United States
1877 establishments in New York (state) |
Iva Várová (born December 1, 1943 in Hradec Králové) is a Czechoslovak sprint canoer who competed in the late 1960s. She finished fifth in the K-1 500 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
References
Sports-reference.com profile
1943 births
Canoeists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Czechoslovak female canoeists
Czech female canoeists
Living people
Olympic canoeists for Czechoslovakia
Sportspeople from Hradec Králové |
Atokatheridium is an extinct genus of Deltatheridiidae from Cretaceous of United States.
References
Prehistoric metatherians
Cretaceous mammals of North America
Fossils of the United States
Fossil taxa described in 2001
Prehistoric mammal genera |
The Skopje Jazz Festival is a jazz festival held in Skopje, North Macedonia, since 1982.
Although the festival promotes a genre which seems distant from its own culture and traditions, it attracts large audiences and receives attention in the Balkans and the rest of Europe. Musicians who have performed at the festival include Marshall Allen, Art Ensemble of Chicago, Anthony Braxton, Brazilian Girls, Ray Charles, Zoran Madzirov, Stanley Clarke, Ornette Coleman, Chick Corea, Al Di Meola, Gotan Project, Charlie Haden, Herbie Hancock, Andrew Hill, Dave Holland, Maria Joao, D. D. Jackson, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Vlatko Stefanovski, Theodosii Spassov, Simon Kiselicki, John McLaughlin, Pat Metheny, Youssou N'Dour, Tito Puente, Gregory Porter, Toni Kitanovski, Sierra Maestra, Goce Stevkovski, McCoy Tyner, and Joe Zawinul.
The festival is part of the European jazz network and the European Forum of World Music festivals.
References
External links
Festivals in Skopje
Jazz festivals in North Macedonia
Annual events in North Macedonia
1982 establishments in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Macedonian jazz
Music festivals established in 1982
Autumn events in North Macedonia
Music festivals in Yugoslavia |
The MPBL Finals Most Valuable Player Award or MPBL Finals MVP is an annual Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League award. First awarded after the 2018 MPBL Finals, it is given to the best player of each season's National Finals series.
As of 2022, four players have won the award with no player winning it more than once. The guard position has won the most with three.
Winners
References
Finals Most Valuable Player Award
Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League lists
Awards established in 2018
Basketball most valuable player awards |
Glow, the sixth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, was released October 9, 2012. On Glow King returns to her instrumental roots and is accompanied by the string quartet ETHEL. “This is a guitar record,” King says to describe this album. The first single, "Great Round Burn", is available to download at RollingStone.com.
Track listing
Critical reception
Writing for Allmusic, music critic Thom Jurek wrote "The sound on these pieces is crystalline, they are structured as brief, tightly constructed songs, with catchy, often ethereal melodies of varying tempo... The pristine sound is easy on the ear and easily appreciated. That said, it can sometimes detract from more organic surprises inherently written into these songs. But it's a small complaint given how much there is to enjoy here."
The album currently has a Metacritic rating of 68% based on six reviews from professional critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.
Personnel
Kaki King – guitars
ETHEL - string quartet (strings arranged and orchestrated by Ralph Farris and ETHEL)
Richmond Johnston - bagpipes
Production
D. James Goodwin – producer
References
Kaki King albums
2012 albums |
Dycer may refer to:
List of aircraft (D)#Dycer
Dycer baronets |
The Druin–Horner House near Richmond in Henrico County, Virginia, USA, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
It is "a rare survivor from 18th century Henrico". It is featured in Foundations in Time II: More of Henrico’s Architectural Treasures, a Henrico County TV film available for viewing online.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Houses in Henrico County, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Henrico County, Virginia |
The Colóns were a Puerto Rican professional wrestling tag team who consisted of real-life brothers, Carlito and Primo. The team worked for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). They were the first-ever Unified WWE Tag Team Champions, being holders of both the WWE Tag Team Championship and World Tag Team Championship.
Their father is former professional wrestler Carlos Colón Sr., and they initially began teaming together in his promotion, World Wrestling Council and held the WWC World Tag Team Championship. In 2008, they began teaming together in WWE, when Primo debuted on SmackDown alongside his brother. In their debut as a tag team within the promotion, they defeated then-WWE Tag Team Champions Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder. This win earned them a title opportunity two weeks later, in which they were also successful. At WrestleMania XXV they became the first team to unify both tag team title sets by defeating John Morrison and The Miz.
History
World Wrestling Council
The Colóns initially began teaming in their father's company, World Wrestling Council (WWC) to defeat the tag team of Thunder and Lightning for the WWC World Tag Team Championship on March 16, 2002. They lost the title to Thunder and Lightning the following day. At Lockout 2009, the brothers performed in the promotion for the first time since teaming in WWE. Although they were not booked in a match, The Colóns hosted a segment of Carlito's Cabana with David Sierra as the invited guest. In this segment, the promotion tried to explain why Eddie was renamed to "Primo", claiming that he wanted to preserve Eddie Guerrero's legacy by not using his actual name. On May 20, 2009, The Colóns issued an open challenge to any tag team for Aniversario 2009, the promotion's anniversary event.
World Wrestling Entertainment
Unified WWE Tag Team Champions (2008–2009)
Soon after Primo debuted in WWE, he became a full-time member of the SmackDown roster, along with his brother. They defeated WWE Tag Team Champions Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder in their first match as a team to gain victory on September 12, 2008. Two weeks later, both teams competed in a title match, with The Colóns winning to become tag team champions.
Starting in November, The Colóns developed an on-screen relationship with The Bella Twins (Nikki and Brie), appearing in numerous backstage segments with them and The Bellas accompanied them to the ring. This relationship with the Bella Twins subsequently led to a feud with the World Tag Team Champions John Morrison and The Miz, as Morrison and The Miz flirted with The Bella Twins, and then defeated Carlito and Primo to win a date with them on Valentine's Day. The Bella were seemingly unable to choose between the teams, leading to Morrison and The Miz challenging The Colóns for the WWE Tag Team Championship, and The Colóns challenging Morrison and The Miz for the World Tag Team Championship, although each team retained their respective championship. The rivalry between the teams led The Bella Twins to fall out with each other, with Brie siding with the Colóns, and Nikki siding with Morrison and The Miz. On the WrestleMania 25 pre-show, The Colóns defeated Morrison and The Miz to win the World Tag Team Championship and become the Unified WWE Tag Team Champions, and they successfully defended the championships the following night on Raw.
On April 15, the Colóns were drafted back to the Raw brand as part of the 2009 Supplemental Draft. On April 27, the Colóns made their debut on Raw, defeating Jamie Noble and Chavo Guerrero. The team's collective WWE Superstars debut took place on May 28, 2009, when they defeated The World's Greatest Tag Team by pinfall.
Split and brief reformation (2009–2010)
They lost the championship at The Bash to the team of Edge and Chris Jericho, who were added to a standard tag team match between the Colóns and The Legacy (Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase) moments before the match started. Carlito and Primo invoked their rematch clause the next night on Raw, but were unsuccessful, and on the July 6 episode of Raw, they lost again to Jericho and Edge. One week later, the team officially disbanded when Carlito attacked Primo.
The team reunited on the May 6, 2010 episode of Superstars when Carlito stopped the match and offered Primo to reform as a team. Primo accepted the offer, turning him heel in the process. On the May 10 episode of Raw, Colóns brutally attacked R-Truth. The duo then shook hands with Ted DiBiase after getting paid with DiBiase's "Trust Fund." The reunion of the team would be short lived, as on May 21, Carlito was released due to a violation of the WWE Wellness Program and subsequent refusal to attend a rehabilitation facility.
While Primo went on to form the second incarnation of The Colóns, with their cousin Epico. On April 5, 2014, Carlito, Primo and Epico inducted Carlos Colon Sr. into the WWE Hall of Fame.
Championships and accomplishments
Puerto Rico Wrestling
Tag Team of the Year (2008)
World Wrestling Council
WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Entertainment
World Tag Team Championship (1 time)
WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time)
See also
Primo and Epico
References
External links
The Colóns Online World of Wrestling profile
Primo's WWE profile
WWE teams and stables
WWE World Tag Team Champions |
Amat Antono (born 5 October 1958) is an Indonesian politician who served as the regent of Pekalongan Regency, Central Java for two terms, 2001–2006 and 2011–2016. Initially elected as regent of his home regency through a legislative vote, he lost in its first direct election to his deputy Siti Qomariyah before defeating her in 2011.
Background
Amat Antono was born in Tegaldowo village, Tirto subdistrict, Pekalongan Regency on 5 October 1958. He graduated from Diponegoro University with a bachelor's degree in 1984, and later a master's degree in 2006. His wife Arini Harimurti was elected as vice regent in the 2016 local election. The couple has two children.
Career
Before entering politics, Antono was a bureaucrat, working in the transmigration body at West Kalimantan's Sambas Regency. In 2001, he ran as a regent for his home regency with local academician Siti Qomariyah as his running mate, and the pair was voted 27-18 into office following a heated two-stage vote at the regency's legislative council. In 2006, he ran for reelection against Qomariyah in Pekalongan's first direct regency election. Although he received the support of a coalition of 15 political parties including his party PDI-P, he would lose to Qomariyah, winning 207,705 votes to Qomariyah's 227,137.
Between his terms, he served in several offices, including head of an inter-regency coordination body, briefly as the acting regent of Tegal Regency, and as a special staff to the governor. He ran once more in 2011 and this time won 254,762 votes (54.75%), defeating Qomariyah following a campaign which strongly focused on infrastructure development programs.
During his second term, he released a legislation prohibiting the hunting of snakes. His second term expired on 27 June 2016, as he could not run for reelection due to term limits.
In the 2019 legislative election, Antono ran as a Nasdem Party candidate for the People's Representative Council from Central Java's 10th electoral district.
References
1958 births
People from Pekalongan
Politicians from Central Java
Mayors and regents of places in Central Java
Nasdem Party politicians
Living people
Regents of places in Indonesia |
Flat Out may refer to:
Flat Out (horse), a racehorse
Flat Out (Buck Dharma album), 1982
Flat Out (John Scofield album), 1989
Flatout, a brand of Flatbreads owned by T. Marzetti Company
Flat Out, a term coined in reference to the speed in which a Rock Flathead moves through water, coined by Maddog Stratford in 1927 on a fishing charter in Corner Inlet, Victoria
FlatOut (series), a demolition derby/racing video game series developed by Bugbear Entertainment
FlatOut (video game) (2004)
FlatOut 2 (2006)
FlatOut 3: Chaos & Destruction (2011)
FlatOut 4: Total Insanity (2017) |
The 2009 Nippon Professional Baseball season is the 60th season since the NPB was reorganized in
Regular season standings
Central League
Pacific League
Climax Series
Note: All of the games that are played in the first two rounds of the Climax Series are held at the higher seed's home stadium. The team with the higher regular-season standing also advances if the round ends in a tie.
Central League First Stage
Chunichi Dragons win the series, 2-1
Central League Second Stage
Yomiuri Giants have one-win advantage
Yomiuri Giants win the series, 4-1
Pacific League First Stage
Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles win the series, 2-0
Pacific League Second Stage
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters have one-win advantage
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters win the series, 4-1
Japan Series
See also
2009 Korea Professional Baseball season
2009 Major League Baseball season
References
External links
Official Website
Official Website |
China Flying Dragon Aviation () is an airline based in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. It operates short-haul passenger and cargo charter flights, as well as maritime surveillance, aerial photography and forestry protection services. Its main base is Harbin Taiping International Airport.
History
The airline was established and started operations in 1981. It is owned in a joint venture by the Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation and the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, now part of the Ministry of Land and Resources.
During the rescue and post-operations of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, heavy equipment needed to be transported to deal with the dangerous formation of quake-lakes located in extremely difficult terrain, particularly at Tangjiashan mountain, which was accessible only by foot or air. A China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company's Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter was used to bring heavy earth-moving tractors, fuel, and equipment to the affected location to create a sluice to relieve the dangerous quake-lake.
Fleet
The China Flying Dragon Aviation fleet consists of the following aircraft (at August 2019):
Air King 350ER
Avicopter AC312
AS350B2
Cessna 172
Diamond DA40
Diamond DA42
11 Harbin Y-12 II
Harbin Z-9
Schweizer 300
Previously operated
The airline also operated:
4 De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300
Bell 47
Xian Y-7
Shaanxi Y-8
Changhe Z-11
Beriev Be-103
1 Mil Mi-26T
Mil Mi-8T
Harbin Y-11
Mil Mi-17
Mil Mi-8
References
External links
China Flying Dragon Aviation official website
Airlines of China
Airlines established in 1981
Companies based in Harbin
Chinese companies established in 1981 |
The Arusha Hotel (also known as Four Point by Sheraton, New Arusha hotel)is the oldest surviving hotel in the city of Arusha in Northern Tanzania. Previously, it was known as New Arusha Hotel. It was built in 1894.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Arusha
Hotels established in 1894
Hotels in Tanzania |
Kasandrin Glas (; trans. Cassandra's Voice) was a Serbian rock band formed in Beočin in 1993. Kasandrin Glas combined progressive and gothic rock and were a prominent act of the 1990s Serbian rock scene.
History
The band was formed in Beočin in 1993 by Nadežda Obrić (vocals), Slobodan "Bob" Živković (guitar, synthesizer, bass guitar), Igor Olejar (bass guitar) and Frane Malenica (drums). They recorded their eponymous debut album Kasandrin glas and released it through Metropolis Records in 1995. The album, recorded at the Novi Sad Do-Re-Mi studio from September until December 1994, featured guest appearances by Aleksandar Banjac, playing keyboards on the track "Let 2" ("Flight No. 2"), Deže Molnar, playing clarinet on the same track, and Aleksandar Stamenković, playing keyboards on the tracks "Strah" ("Fear") and "Voda" ("Water"). The entire material was written by the band themselves and the album was produced by Živković and Melanica.
The follow-up, the album Neko kao ja (Someone Like Me), featuring a more guitar-oriented sound, was released in 1997 by Music YUser record label. The music for the album was written by Bedov, Živković and Malenica, and the album lyrics were written by Nataša Malenica. Produced by the former Pekinška Patka bassist Marinko "Mare" Vukomanović, the album featured a former Obojeni Program bassist Miroslav "Micke" Bedov as the new band member. The album, recorded at Veternik studio Matrix during 1996, featured the guest appearances by the politician Nenad Čanak, playing minimoog on the track "Labud" ("The Swan"), and Miroslav Marelj, playing guitar on the track "Ptica" ("The Bird"). After the album release, the band ceased to exist.
Discography
Studio albums
Kasandrin glas (1995)
Neko kao ja (1997)
References
External links
Kasandrin Glas at Discogs
Kasandrin Glas at Last.fm
Serbian progressive rock groups
Serbian gothic rock groups
Serbian psychedelic rock music groups
Serbian neo-psychedelia groups
Musical groups established in 1993
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
1993 establishments in Yugoslavia |
Ouvrage Plan Caval is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of two infantry blocks and one observation block facing Italy. The ouvrage is located on the heights of L'Authion, surrounded by older fortifications. Three additional blocks were planned to make it a gros ouvrage but were not built. Cost for the full ensemble was estimated at 23 million francs.
The ouvrage consists of three blocks facing Italy at an altitude of . The ouvrage was manned by 287 soldiers in 1940, under the command of Captain Philipp. Plan-Caval was located to control the Maglia and Cayros valleys, as well as providing flanking cover the La Béole and Saint-Véran. An extensive set of underground barracks and magazines near the uncompleted entrances was never started, so that the ouvrage as constructed consists mostly of a single narrow gallery connecting the combat blocks.
Description
Block 1 (unbuilt entry block): planned to have one observation/machine gun cloche and one twin heavy machine gun embrasure.
Block 2 (unbuilt artillery block): planned to have one 75mm/31cal gun embrasure.
Block 3 (partially built artillery block): planned to have one observation/machine gun cloche and one 81mm mortar turret. Neither was installed and the block is blocked off from the gallery below.
Block 4 (infantry block): one heavy twin machine gun cloche and one twin machine gun embrasure.
Block 5 (infantry block): one observation/machine gun cloche.
Block 6 (infantry block): two heavy twin machine gun embrasures.
Plan Caval is also associated with a nearby casemate with one machine gun embrasure and one advance post bunker. The advanced post is a small blockhouse with three machine gun embrasures.
Other, older fortifications exist in the same neighborhood. The Batterie du Plan Caval and its associated barracks are immediately to the west of the ouvrage.
See also
List of Alpine Line ouvrages
References
Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 4 - La fortification alpine. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
External links
Ouvrage Plan Caval at Subterranea Britannica
PLAN
Maginot Line
Alpine Line |
Thymaria (; ) is a village in Greece, approximately 23 km south of Soufli. It is part of the municipal unit Tychero. It has a population of 361 (1991 census).
History
The village of Thymaria was established in 1921 by Greek refugees from a village on the Turkish side of the river Evros named Çiftlikköy.
Sources
Thracian electronic treasure(Greek)
Populated places in Evros (regional unit)
Soufli |
The 2001–02 season was the 81st season in the existence of C.D. Santa Clara and the club's first consecutive season in the top-flight of Portuguese football. In addition to the domestic league, Santa Clara participated in this season's edition of the Taça de Portugal.
Season summary
Santa Clara comfortably escaped relegation and finished in 14th, which was until 2019 their best-ever league finish. They also qualified for the UEFA Intertoto Cup.
First-team squad
Squad at end of season
Left club during season
Competitions
Overview
Primeira Liga
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Notes and references
Notes
References
C.D. Santa Clara seasons
Santa Clara |
Operation Fath 1 (, meaning "conquest"), or Operation Wahdat (the Kurdish code-name), was a joint Iranian and Iraqi Kurdish special operation conducted by Iran's IRGC special forces and Iraqi Kurdish partisans of Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in 11 and 12 October 1986 in Kirkuk area of northern Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War. The Iranian and Kurdish forces infiltrated into the area and successfully attacked economic and military targets with minimal losses of their own.
The operation
The operation was planned after an alliance between Iran and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) of Iraqi Kurdistan, which was opposed to Saddam Hussein's government. It was the first major joint operation between Iranian and Iraqi Kurdish forces, and the first of the series of "Fath" joint operations conducted by the extraterritorial Ramazan Headquarters of IRGC and Iraqi Kurdish fighters. One of the main aims of these operations in the Northern Front was to avoid concentration of Iraqi military in the Southern Front.
IRGC forces and Peshmerga partisans conducted a well-planned infiltration and a surprise attack against important industrial and military infrastructures in Kirkuk area. Several facilities of the Kirkuk Oil Refinery, Petroleum Production Unit Number 1, Kirkuk Thermal Power Station, three SAM sites, Jambur, Jabal Bur, and Shwaru oil and gas separation facilities at south Kirkuk, an eavesdropping, signals intelligence and parasite site at Saqqezli, Darman military base, and a train station were destroyed, and headquarters of the Iraqi Army I Corps, 8th Division, Iraqi Intelligence Service, and MeK came under fire. 600 Iraqi forces were killed or wounded according to Iran. There was no Iranian casualties. IRGC field commanders had planned to destroy the Kirkuk Refinery using C4 explosives, but it was decided by top commanders to reduce the mission to attack from the nearby hills, since corpses of Iranian forces on the ground could be used by Iraqi government for propaganda purposes.
The 150 tonnes of military equipment and their 300 IRGC operators were transferred from Iran to Kirkuk behind enemy lines in a covert operation lasting for 40 days. The equipment was as follows:
Various vehicles as well as mules were used for the transportation of the equipment from north-western Iran to near the Kirkuk through highlands. The route was 150 km long. All of the equipment was transferred back by the IRGC forces to Iran after the operation. Iranian forces scattered in Iraqi Kurdistan and then returned to Iran.
Units
Iran
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps:
Ramazan Headquarters:Commanded by Mohammad-Baqer Zolqadr
66th Airborne Special BrigadeCommanded by Mohsen Shafaq
7 platoons, 20 demolition units (230 personnel), supposed to be commanded by Sadegh Mahsouli
75th Zafar Special Brigade
Equipment GroupCommanded by Gholam Pakrooh
Active Protection System GroupCommanded by Booyaghchi
Engineering Demolition GroupCommanded by Mohammad Asipoor
Medical Services GroupCommanded by Naderi
Communication GroupCommanded br Bifan
PUK
Peshmerga:
تیپ21 کرکوک به فرماندهی کاک سیروان.
تیپ25 خلفان به فرماندهی کاک ملا ارس.
تیپ93 کوی سنجق به فرماندهی کاک ملا ابراهیم.
تیپ23 یورداش به فرماندهی کاک نبغه.
تیپ78 قرهچرخ به فرماندهی کاک صفین.
تیپ68 دشت هوله به فرماندهی کاک مام غفور.
تیپ برانتی به فرماندهی کاک هیمن.
تیپ51 گرمیان به فرماندهی کاک محمود لنگاوی.
تیپ53 تیروانه به فرماندهی کاک عادل.
تیپ57 سیگرمه به فرماندهی کاک آزاد.
تیپ55 قرهداغ به فرماندهی کاک آوات.
و دو تیپ حفاظتی مالبند (منطقهی) 1و2 اتحادیه*
In popular culture
Kirkuk Operation () is a 1991 Iranian movie directed and written by Jamal Shoorjeh.
References
Fath 1
Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War involving the Peshmerga |
"" ("In My Fantasy") is a song sung in Italian based on the theme "Gabriel's Oboe" from the film The Mission (1986). With music by composer Ennio Morricone and lyrics by Chiara Ferraù, "" is popular among classical crossover singers, and was originally released in 1998 by Sarah Brightman. It has since been covered by many artists.
Origin
"" first appeared on the Sarah Brightman album Eden (1998). A music video for the song was released on Brightman's Diva: The Video Collection in 2006. On the March 1999 video recording of her concert One Night in Eden, when introducing the song, she said:
Lyricist
In the liner notes of Eden, the lyricist of the song was named as "Ferraù". In a review of a Sarah Brightman concert at the San Jose Center for the Performing Arts on September 14, 1999, Philip Anderson wrote that "'Nella Fantasia'... was inspired by an instrumental soundtrack for the film, The Mission, which Sarah had begged the composer to allow her to put lyrics to". It is possible that Brightman wrote the lyrics of the song in English and they were translated into Italian by Ferraù. Confusingly, the liner notes of Brightman's subsequent album The Very Best of 1990–2000 (2001), which also featured the song, state that the composers of the song were Berta Ferraud and Ennio Morricone.
Meaning
In English, the song means:
{|
|In my imagination I see a just world
Where all live in peace and honesty.
I dream of souls that are always free
Like clouds that soar
Full of humanity; deep in spirit.
|-
|In my imagination I see a bright world.
There even night is less dark.
I dream of souls that are always free,
Like clouds that soar.
|-
|In my imagination there is a warm wind
That breathes over the cities, like a friend.
I dream of souls that are always free,
Like clouds that soar.
References
Italian songs
Ennio Morricone songs
Sarah Brightman songs
1998 songs |
La Basoche is an opéra comique in three acts, with music by André Messager and words by Albert Carré. The opera is set in Paris in 1514 and depicts the complications that arise when the elected "king" of the student guild, the Basoche, is mistaken for King Louis XII of France.
The opera was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris in 1890. Productions soon followed in continental Europe, Britain and the US. After that, the piece was revived repeatedly in France and elsewhere well into the 20th century.
Background and first production
During the 1880s Messager had met with mixed fortunes. His opérette La fauvette du temple (1885) and opéra comique La Béarnaise (1885) ran well, and his ballet Les deux pigeons (1886) was a box-office triumph. But in the late 1880s success eluded him, and he had three failures in a row: Le bourgeois de Calais (1888), Isoline (1888), and Le mari de la reine (1889). Carré, after a successful career as an actor, had turned to theatre management, and from 1885 he had been director of the Théâtre du Vaudeville. The two men were lifelong friends and had collaborated once before, on Les Premières armes de Louis XV (1888), a revised version of an opérette by Firmin Bernicat.
The Basoche of the title was an ancient Parisian guild of law clerks, which from 1303 until it was abolished in 1791 during the French revolution was to some extent a state within a state, electing its own king and regulating its own affairs. La Basoche was first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris (then in temporary residence at the Salle du Théâtre Lyrique), on 30 May 1890 and had an initial run of 51 nights.
Roles
Sources: Libretto and vocal score.
Synopsis
The action takes place in Paris in 1514. In 1303, King Philippe IV had permitted the students of Paris to form a guild called "La Basoche". The guild continued for nearly five hundred years. The head of "La Basoche", elected annually, assumed the title of "King" and wore the royal crown and mantle. In the opera, the student Clément Marot is elected King of the Basoche and is mistaken for Louis XII, King of France.
Act 1
A square near the Châtelet, on the right the tavern du Plat d’Etain. The day of the election of the king of the Basoche.
Clément Marot puts himself forward as a candidate against the pedant Roland (in a poem "Oui, de rimes je fais moisson"). As the king of the basochians is required to be a bachelor, he hides the existence of a wife, Colette, whom he has left behind in Chevreuse. When she arrives in Paris he pretends not to know her – but tells her secretly that he will rejoin her soon. She gets herself taken on at the tavern, where the next day the widowed Louis XII will receive his new young wife, Princess Mary of England, the sister of Henry VIII. Mary now arrives incognito, disguised as a Norman, accompanied by the Duc de Longueville. When the procession of the king of the Basoche comes along, Colette takes Marot to be the real king, while Mary thinks that the man is her husband.
Act 2
Evening – a large room in the Plat d’Etain tavern.
While clerks party, and Roland hopes to unmask Marot and his wife, Colette, at work, dreams of her future life as a queen. In a duet, both Mary and Colette declare their love for the "king". The Duke returns from the royal palace where he has announced the arrival of Mary, who sends him off to request that the "king" attend her for dinner, and then goes off to get ready to receive him. Marot reaffirms his love for Colette, but Mary returns and sees the one she thinks is to be her husband; Colette begins to serve them dinner.
Roland's party burst in to reveal Marot's existing marriage, but it is Mary who says that she is the wife of the king and the duke who in turn says that he is Mary's wife. After everyone else has left, the king's entourage arrive – only for Colette to receive them, and be taken to the Hôtel des Tournelles.
Act 3
The Hôtel de Tournelles
Louis XII greets Colette, who cannot believe that the old man is her husband. Believing that he has been deceived, the King decides to send Longueville and Colette to England; alone, the duke thinks that the young woman loves him. The cortege of the Basoche passes by the palace, and the two women realise who their "king" was. Colette consoles herself with the thought that she will have Clément back. Mary is disappointed, finding the false king more charming than the real one.
The duke realizes what has happened and wants Marot arrested, but it is Roland, now the Basoche king, who is taken. Convinced that he will hang, Marot makes his farewell, but he is pardoned by Louis, and leaves Paris with Colette, while Louis marries Mary.
Musical numbers
Act 1
Introduction
"C'est aujourd'hui que la Basoche" ("Today the Basoche" – Ensemble)
"Je suis aimé de la plus belle" ("I am loved by the fairest" – Clément)
"En attendant l'heure de la bataille" ("Until the time of the battle" – Guillot)
"Quand tu connaîtras Colette" ("When you know Colette" – Clément)
"Midi, c'est l'heure qui nous ramène" ("Noon, it's the time that brings us back" – Chorus)
"Volage? Lui? Clément?" ("Fickle? Him? Clément?" – Colette)
"Bonjour ami" ("Hello friend" – Colette, Clément, Roland, L'Eveillé, Chorus)
"Dans ce grand Paris" ("In this great Paris" – L'Eveillé)
"Nous reposer? C'est impossible Altesse" ("Rest? It is impossible, Highness" – Longueville, Marie)
"Trop lourd est le poids du veuvage" ("The weight of widowhood is too heavy" – Longueville)
Finale I " Vive le Roi!" ("Long live the King!" – Chorus, Clément, Marie, Guillot, Colette)
Act 2
"A vous, belles maîtresses" ("To you, fair mistresses" – Chorus)
"Voici le guet qui passe" ("Here is the watch on parade" – Ensemble)
"Si, de la souveraineté" ("If, sovereignty" – Marie, Colette)
"Ah! Colette, c’est toi?" ("Ah! Colette, it's you?" – Clément, Colette)
"A table! auprès de moi" ("To the table! near me" – Marie, Clément, Colette)
"Eh! que ne parliez-vous?" ("Eh! what do you say?" – Longueville)
"Il faut agir adroitement " ("We must act deftly" – Ensemble)
"Nous accourons, au lever du soleil" ("We flee, at sunrise" – Ensemble)
Act 3
"Jour de liesse et de réjouissance" ("Day of jubilation and celebration" – Chorus, Louis, equerry)
"En honneur de notre hyménée" ("In honour of our wedding" – Colette, Louis)
"Elle m'aime" ("She loves me" – Longueville)
Romance and trio (Marie, Longueville, Colette)
"A ton amour simple et sincère" ("A simple and sincere love" – Clément)
Finale III "Arrêtez! s'il s'agit d'être pendu" (Stop! If he is to be hanged" – Ensemble)
Revivals and adaptations
La Basoche was revived at the Opéra-Comique up to the Second World War and given at least another 150 performances, with Jean Périer and André Baugé playing Clément Marot, and Lucien Fugère repeating the role of the duke. Messager himself conducted the 1900, 1902 and 1919 productions at the Opéra-Comique; later revivals were conducted by Gustave Cloëz and Albert Wolff. In 1908 the work entered the repertoire of the Théâtre de la Gaîté in Paris, the cast including Baugé, Edmée Favart and Fugère and was revived there in 1927. It was presented at the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin in 1934 under the management of Maurice Lehmann with Baugé and Yvonne Brothier.
La Basoche was given French-language productions in Brussels in 1890 and Geneva in 1891. It was translated into German and performed as Die zwei Könige on 19 October 1891 at the Stadttheater, Hamburg, and as Die Basoche on 29 October 1891 at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Städtisches Theater in Berlin.
The opera was presented in English as The Basoche in London in 1891, in an English translation by Augustus Harris (dialogue) and Eugène Oudin (lyrics) at Richard D'Oyly Carte's Royal English Opera House. Carré and Messager were present at the opening night and took curtain calls along with the conductor, François Cellier. The London cast was:
Clément Marot – Ben Davies
Duc de Longueville – David Bispham
Jehan L'Éveillé – Charles Kenningham
Master Guillot – John Le Hay
Roland – Charles Copland
Louis XII – W. H. Burgon
Chancellor of the Basoch – Frederick Bovill
King's equerry – Wilson Sheffield
Grand provost – Walter Uridge
Nightwatchman – Godwin Hunt
Jacquet – David Cowis
Royal page – Carrington
Marie d’Angleterre – Esther Pallise
Colette – Lucile Hill
Jeanette – Esmé Lee
Clarice – Kate Vito
The piece received exceptionally high praise from the London critics but was not a great box-office success. It ran for 61 performances, from 3 November 1891 to 16 January 1892. When Carte withdrew the piece, several newspaper critics, including Bernard Shaw in The World, condemned the British public for its failure to support so outstanding a work. Carte's faith in the composer led to his producing Messager's Mirette in 1894.
An American version, in a new translation by Madeleine Lucette Ryley, with her husband J. H. Ryley as the Duke, was produced by the James C. Duff Opera Company at Chicago's Auditorium Theatre on 2 January 1893 and the Casino Theatre on 27 February 1893 for a two-week run on Broadway. Gustave Kerker conducted. The critic of The New York Times stated that "for the music, warm words of praise may be spoken", but thought the genre was "far too unfamiliar on the local stage" and Ryley ill-suited to the part, "not as funny as one could have wished."
More recently, the opera has been staged at Monte Carlo in 1954, with a cast including Denise Duval and Pierre Mollet, conducted by Albert Wolff, and at Enghien-les-Bains Casino in 1958 with Willy Clément, conducted by Jésus Etcheverry.
Critical reception
Reviewing the original production, Les Annales du théâtre et de la musique commented that Carré's libretto was good enough to be presented as a straight play, without music, but that Messager's score lived up to it – "light and vivacious" – everything needed to maintain a place in the repertoire of the Opéra Comique. The critic in Le Ménestrel praised Carré's imagination, though finding an excess of fantasy and some loose construction in the piece; he thought Messager had composed a major score, of which the first act contained the finest music. In La Nouvelle Revue, the critic Louis Gallet praised the finesse, delicacy and spirit of the score, and hoped the success of the piece would encourage the Opéra-Comique to promote further comic operas, a genre that it had neglected of late. The London critics were outspoken in their praise of the work. The Era said, "The Basoche is more than a success; it is a triumph … the most artistic and beautiful comic opera the modern stage has witnessed for years". The Observer, like The Era and The Times, predicted an exceptionally long run for the work; its reviewer commented that the score showed Messager as "a master of his art – endowed with the gift of melody and guided by a refined taste". The Times thought the opera "a work of very great beauty and charm", though its reviewer teased Messager about a few conspicuously Wagnerian passages where "the influence of Die Meistersinger is felt to an extent that is almost absurd". The Daily Telegraph commented that the composer had a rare gift, and that "the connoisseur can hear La Basoche for the charm of its scholarship, and the average opera-goer can enjoy it for its tunefulness".
The composer Henry Février in his André Messager: Mon Maître, Mon Ami (1948) calls La Basoche "the last of the great nineteenth-century French comic operas" ("le dernier des grands opéras-comiques français du XIX siècle") and considers it of the greatest importance not only in Messager's career but in the history of French musical theatre. Gervase Hughes in his 1962 study of operetta considers the work to have a good claim to be the composer's masterpiece. In 1995 The Times's music critic, John Higgins, judged La Basoche to be "inspired" and – despite "a twaddly plot involving British royalty" – "one of Messager's most substantial pieces".
Recordings and broadcasts
Various extracts were recorded during the 1920s and 30s (including some by Fugère). A complete performance of the score was broadcast by the BBC in 1930 using the English version by Harris and Oudin, with a cast headed by Maggie Teyte and Frank Titterton, conducted by Percy Pitt. A complete French radio broadcast of July 1960, with Nadine Sautereau, Camille Maurane, Irène Jaumillot and Louis Noguéra, conducted by Tony Aubin, was subsequently issued on CD. Extended excerpts were recorded in 1961, featuring Liliane Berton, Nicole Broissin, Henri Legay and Michel Dens, conducted by Jacques Pernoo.
Notes, references and sources
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Review of the London production
Libretto of La Basoche at Archive.org
Operas by André Messager
French-language operas
Operas
Opéras comiques
1890 operas
Opera world premieres at the Opéra-Comique
Operas set in Paris |
Devon County Council elections are held every four years in order to elect the members of Devon County Council. Since the last boundary changes in 2017 the council has comprised 60 councillors, representing 58 electoral divisions. Since 1998, Plymouth and Torbay have been unitary authorities, making them independent of Devon County Council.
Council elections
1973 Devon County Council election
1977 Devon County Council election
1981 Devon County Council election
1985 Devon County Council election
1989 Devon County Council election
1993 Devon County Council election
1997 Devon County Council election
2001 Devon County Council election
2005 Devon County Council election
2009 Devon County Council election
2013 Devon County Council election
2017 Devon County Council election New division boundaries
2021 Devon County Council election
County result maps
By-election results
1993-1997
1997-2001
2001-2005
2005-2009
2013-2017
2017-2021
References
External links
Devon Council
Council elections in Devon
County council elections in England |
Tore Sandvik (born 30 May 1972) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor and World champion. He won a gold medal in the 1999 World Orienteering Championships in Inverness with the Norwegian Relay team.
International results
Sandvik won two silver medals in the 2001 World Orienteering Championships in Tampere. He finished overall second in the 2000 World Cup. He received a gold medal (relay) and a silver medal in the 2001 World Games, and earned a silver medal in the 2000 European Championships.
Club and national results
Sandvik is a member of the club Halden SK. He has eight victories in Tiomila (1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007), and four victories in the Jukola relay (1995, 1998, 2000, 2003). Eighteen medals in national championships, including six gold medals.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Norwegian orienteers
Male orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists
Competitors at the 2001 World Games
World Games gold medalists
World Games silver medalists
World Games medalists in orienteering
Junior World Orienteering Championships medalists |
The Foundling's War is a 1977 novel by the French writer Michel Déon. Its French title is les Vingt ans du jeune homme vert, which means "the twenty years of the green young man". It is set in occupied Paris during World War II and follows a young man who grew up as an adoptive child and navigates through the social turmoil around him.
The book is the sequel to The Foundling Boy from 1975, which is set during the interwar period. The Foundling's War was published by éditions Gallimard in 1977. An English translation by Julian Evans was published in 2014 through Gallic Books.
Reception
Nancy Kline of The New York Times reviewed the book in 2015, and described it as "a sprawling 19th-century-style novel". Kline questioned the author's sense of humour from a political standpoint, and wrote that "[Déon's] jokes call his politics into question. ... [J]okes about homosexuals and Jewish noses, especially in the context of the 1940s, are at best in questionable taste. Déon’s prolix, cynical novel, ably translated, may amuse some readers. Others, not."
References
External links
The Foundling's War at the French publisher's website
The Foundling's War at the British publisher's website
1977 French novels
Éditions Gallimard books
French-language novels
Novels by Michel Déon
Novels set in Paris
Sequel novels
Novels set during World War II |
Rəhimli is a village in the municipality of Düz Rəsullu in the Gadabay Rayon of Azerbaijan.
References
Populated places in Gadabay District |
John Lloyd Gibbons (25 August 1837 – 25 April 1919) was an engineering surveyor, justice of the peace, county councillor for Bilston and a Liberal Unionist Party Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South from 1898 to 1900.
Background
Gibbons was born on 25 August 1837 to Wolverhampton-born manufacturing chemist Henry Gibbons and his wife Elizabeth (née Saunders) from Wednesfield, Staffordshire.
He married Emma Eliza White of Stroud, Gloucestershire in 1885 in Wolverhampton.; she died in 1896. He remarried in 1898 to Eliza Grey Ballenden of Sedgley, Staffordshire.
Politics and public life
Gibbons was county magistrate for the Sedgley Petty Sessions Division.
He was elected as County Councillor for North Bilston in 1891, the same year that the family took up residence at Ellowes Hall, a stately home located in Sedgley, Staffordshire.
He was elected as member of parliament for Wolverhampton South at the 3 February 1898 by-election following the death of Charles Pelham Villiers on 16 January 1898.
Personal life
Gibbons died on 25 April 1919 and was buried at All Saints Church, Sedgley. His widow sold Ellowes Hall later the same year.
References
External links
1838 births
1919 deaths
Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1895–1900
People from Wolverhampton |
Bryant Smith (born October 21, 1977) is a former American professional basketball player who played college basketball for Oklahoma City
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in North Macedonia
Centers (basketball)
KK MZT Skopje players
Oklahoma City Stars men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American men's basketball players |
Mandevilla laxa, commonly known as Chilean jasmine, is an ornamental plant in the genus Mandevilla of family Apocynaceae.
M. laxa is native to southern Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina. It grows as a vine and is deciduous in cool climates. It can grow to 6 meters (20 feet) tall. Masses of heavily scented white flowers are produced in the summer. As it is not fully hardy and does not survive being frozen, in temperate zones it must be grown with the protection of glass, in an unheated greenhouse or conservatory. with full sunlight. In the United Kingdom it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
Despite its common name 'Chilean jasmine', the species is not a true jasmine of the genus Jasminum.
References
External links
laxa
Plants described in 1932
Flora of Argentina
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of Ecuador
Flora of Peru
Garden plants of South America |
The French air defence organisation is integrated in the military Armée de l’Air (ALA), the French Air Force.
The defence of the French national airspace has always been based on 2 main aspects:
the peacetime security of the French airspace. This assignment is executed according to the fixed conditions of the French prime minister collaborating with the ministers of transport, foreign affairs, industrial, postal and communication services, interior management and colonial management.
the national military air defence consisting of all defensive and counteroffensive measures against eventual aggressors.
In peacetime, the air defence and air operations command develops and evaluates all possible classic assets of air operations in all kinds of theatres. In times of crisis or at war, the air defence and air operations command is responsible for all offensive and defensive air operations.
The Commandement de la défense aérienne et des opérations aériennes (CDAOA) is the air defence and air operations command, and has the following primary missions:
to decelerate and to evaluate any possible threats to the country by controlling the French and surrounding airspace by radar
to present an actual airpicture on a 24/7 basis to all civilian and military authorities on which strategic decisions may be made
to secure the airsuperiority in the national airspace at all times
to prevent or to stop the use of the national airspace by any kind of aggressor
to alert all civilian and military authorities in case of surprise air attacks
CDAOA secondary, peacetime, missions are:
to command and control all military air traffic in cooperation with the civilian air traffic under the authority of the minister of transport
to command and control all search and rescue operations in case of civilian or military air accidents
In case of need the main CDAOA functions will always be guaranteed on all theatres by the activation of air, ground or sea mobile detection units of all French armed forces. These units may be deployed at any time to support the fixed operational systems.
System elements
STRIDA (Système de Traitement et de Représentation des Informations de Défense Aérienne, lit. "System for processing and representing air defence information") is the radar itself. They equip the CDAOA, the CCOA, the CDC's and the UDA
PALMIER. are 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional radars in the 23 cm wavelength. They feed information to the CDCs, which exchange their radar inputs from the other CDC's, from foreign allied NATO CRC's and from the E-3F and E-2C planes to complete the situation awareness.
VISU- IV/ -V are computerised workspaces manned by military controllers, that can be operated in control mode or surveillance mode. A senior controller is always in charge of supervising the operators. The VISU- IV/ -V equip the CDCs and UDA.
METEOR and ETEC are radio and datalink communication systems. They constitute the primary means of transmission, though telephone and radio transmissions may also be sent via other specific sources in the defence network, such as Socrate or MTBA, or even through the installations of France Télécom.
Air defence chain of command
The operational air defence chain of command consist of 3 main parts.
The Centre de Conduite des Opérations Aériennes (CCOA), the air operations command and control centre where the overall air picture is generated and evaluated, is responsible for all air operations and for the security of the French airspace. This military authority is directly under the French President.
The CCOA, is located in an underground facility on Taverny Air Base (Base aérienne 921 ‘Frères Mahe’) near the town of Taverny. In radiotraffic it uses the tactical call sign (tactical) “Veilleur’
The Centres de Détection et de Contrôle (CDC), the control & reporting centres are placed in the commandstructure of the Commandement Air des Systèmes de Surveillance, d’Information et de Communications (CASSIC) and are the subordinating units to the CDAOA.
There are 5 fully operational CDC's in the new ALA structure. These command & reporting centres are
CDC 05.901 Drachenbronn located on Drachenbronn Air Base (Base aérienne 901 ‘Capitaine de Laubier) at the town of Birlenbach with the tactical “Riesling radar”.
CDC 05.942 Lyon/Mont Verdun located on Lyon - Mont Verdun Air Base (Base aérienne 942 ‘Capitaine Robert’) at the city of Lyon with the tactical “Rambert radar”.
CDC 05.943 Nice/Mont Agel located on Nice Air Base (Base aérienne 943 ‘Capitaine Auber’) at the town of Roquebrune-Cap Martin with the tactical “Rhodia radar”.
CDC 04.930 Mont-de-Marsan located on Mont-de-Marsan Air Base (Base aérienne 118 ‘Colonel Rozanoff’) north of Mont-de-Marsan city with the tactical “Marina radar”.
CDC 07.927 Cinq-Mars la Pile is an air detachment of Tours - Saint-Symphorien Air Base (Base aérienne 705 ‘Commandants Tulasne’) at Tours with the tactical “Raki radar”.
The former CDC 05.902 located on airbase 902 at Contrexéville and the former CDC located on air detachment 922 at Doullens have been deactivated and transformed into radiocommunications and satellite control stations. Although their infrastructure is still present and conserved the radar stations are not operational anymore.
The Unité de détection aéroportée (UDA)''', the French airborne early warning (AWACS) unit located on airbase 702 ‘Cne Georges Madon’ near the town of Avord with the unit tactical "Cyrano". This airborne early warning unit, has been created in 1989 on the Avord airbase and consists of36th Escadre de détection aéroportée (36 EDA), becoming operational in 1990 and equipped with 4 E-3F AWACS planes during 1990–1992.Escadron de détection aéroportée (EDA 01.036) Berry and EDA 02.036 Nivernais are the 2 operational E-3F squadronsEscadron de préparation des missions et simulation (ESMT 10.036) and Escadron de soutien technique spécialisé'' (ESTS 15.036), the mission supporting and the technical maintenance squadrons.
See also
Austrian air defense
Swiss air defense
External links
Armee de l’air official website
French website information about BA901 Drachenbron
Explanation of the air defense system
ANTAC historical website
Air defence radar networks
Military radars of France
French Air and Space Force
Aviation in France |
```go
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Package rate provides a rate limiter.
package rate
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"math"
"sync"
"time"
)
// Limit defines the maximum frequency of some events.
// Limit is represented as number of events per second.
// A zero Limit allows no events.
type Limit float64
// Inf is the infinite rate limit; it allows all events (even if burst is zero).
const Inf = Limit(math.MaxFloat64)
// Every converts a minimum time interval between events to a Limit.
func Every(interval time.Duration) Limit {
if interval <= 0 {
return Inf
}
return 1 / Limit(interval.Seconds())
}
// A Limiter controls how frequently events are allowed to happen.
// It implements a "token bucket" of size b, initially full and refilled
// at rate r tokens per second.
// Informally, in any large enough time interval, the Limiter limits the
// rate to r tokens per second, with a maximum burst size of b events.
// As a special case, if r == Inf (the infinite rate), b is ignored.
// See path_to_url for more about token buckets.
//
// The zero value is a valid Limiter, but it will reject all events.
// Use NewLimiter to create non-zero Limiters.
//
// Limiter has three main methods, Allow, Reserve, and Wait.
// Most callers should use Wait.
//
// Each of the three methods consumes a single token.
// They differ in their behavior when no token is available.
// If no token is available, Allow returns false.
// If no token is available, Reserve returns a reservation for a future token
// and the amount of time the caller must wait before using it.
// If no token is available, Wait blocks until one can be obtained
// or its associated context.Context is canceled.
//
// The methods AllowN, ReserveN, and WaitN consume n tokens.
type Limiter struct {
mu sync.Mutex
limit Limit
burst int
tokens float64
// last is the last time the limiter's tokens field was updated
last time.Time
// lastEvent is the latest time of a rate-limited event (past or future)
lastEvent time.Time
}
// Limit returns the maximum overall event rate.
func (lim *Limiter) Limit() Limit {
lim.mu.Lock()
defer lim.mu.Unlock()
return lim.limit
}
// Burst returns the maximum burst size. Burst is the maximum number of tokens
// that can be consumed in a single call to Allow, Reserve, or Wait, so higher
// Burst values allow more events to happen at once.
// A zero Burst allows no events, unless limit == Inf.
func (lim *Limiter) Burst() int {
lim.mu.Lock()
defer lim.mu.Unlock()
return lim.burst
}
// TokensAt returns the number of tokens available at time t.
func (lim *Limiter) TokensAt(t time.Time) float64 {
lim.mu.Lock()
_, tokens := lim.advance(t) // does not mutate lim
lim.mu.Unlock()
return tokens
}
// Tokens returns the number of tokens available now.
func (lim *Limiter) Tokens() float64 {
return lim.TokensAt(time.Now())
}
// NewLimiter returns a new Limiter that allows events up to rate r and permits
// bursts of at most b tokens.
func NewLimiter(r Limit, b int) *Limiter {
return &Limiter{
limit: r,
burst: b,
}
}
// Allow reports whether an event may happen now.
func (lim *Limiter) Allow() bool {
return lim.AllowN(time.Now(), 1)
}
// AllowN reports whether n events may happen at time t.
// Use this method if you intend to drop / skip events that exceed the rate limit.
// Otherwise use Reserve or Wait.
func (lim *Limiter) AllowN(t time.Time, n int) bool {
return lim.reserveN(t, n, 0).ok
}
// A Reservation holds information about events that are permitted by a Limiter to happen after a delay.
// A Reservation may be canceled, which may enable the Limiter to permit additional events.
type Reservation struct {
ok bool
lim *Limiter
tokens int
timeToAct time.Time
// This is the Limit at reservation time, it can change later.
limit Limit
}
// OK returns whether the limiter can provide the requested number of tokens
// within the maximum wait time. If OK is false, Delay returns InfDuration, and
// Cancel does nothing.
func (r *Reservation) OK() bool {
return r.ok
}
// Delay is shorthand for DelayFrom(time.Now()).
func (r *Reservation) Delay() time.Duration {
return r.DelayFrom(time.Now())
}
// InfDuration is the duration returned by Delay when a Reservation is not OK.
const InfDuration = time.Duration(math.MaxInt64)
// DelayFrom returns the duration for which the reservation holder must wait
// before taking the reserved action. Zero duration means act immediately.
// InfDuration means the limiter cannot grant the tokens requested in this
// Reservation within the maximum wait time.
func (r *Reservation) DelayFrom(t time.Time) time.Duration {
if !r.ok {
return InfDuration
}
delay := r.timeToAct.Sub(t)
if delay < 0 {
return 0
}
return delay
}
// Cancel is shorthand for CancelAt(time.Now()).
func (r *Reservation) Cancel() {
r.CancelAt(time.Now())
}
// CancelAt indicates that the reservation holder will not perform the reserved action
// and reverses the effects of this Reservation on the rate limit as much as possible,
// considering that other reservations may have already been made.
func (r *Reservation) CancelAt(t time.Time) {
if !r.ok {
return
}
r.lim.mu.Lock()
defer r.lim.mu.Unlock()
if r.lim.limit == Inf || r.tokens == 0 || r.timeToAct.Before(t) {
return
}
// calculate tokens to restore
// The duration between lim.lastEvent and r.timeToAct tells us how many tokens were reserved
// after r was obtained. These tokens should not be restored.
restoreTokens := float64(r.tokens) - r.limit.tokensFromDuration(r.lim.lastEvent.Sub(r.timeToAct))
if restoreTokens <= 0 {
return
}
// advance time to now
t, tokens := r.lim.advance(t)
// calculate new number of tokens
tokens += restoreTokens
if burst := float64(r.lim.burst); tokens > burst {
tokens = burst
}
// update state
r.lim.last = t
r.lim.tokens = tokens
if r.timeToAct == r.lim.lastEvent {
prevEvent := r.timeToAct.Add(r.limit.durationFromTokens(float64(-r.tokens)))
if !prevEvent.Before(t) {
r.lim.lastEvent = prevEvent
}
}
}
// Reserve is shorthand for ReserveN(time.Now(), 1).
func (lim *Limiter) Reserve() *Reservation {
return lim.ReserveN(time.Now(), 1)
}
// ReserveN returns a Reservation that indicates how long the caller must wait before n events happen.
// The Limiter takes this Reservation into account when allowing future events.
// The returned Reservations OK() method returns false if n exceeds the Limiter's burst size.
// Usage example:
//
// r := lim.ReserveN(time.Now(), 1)
// if !r.OK() {
// // Not allowed to act! Did you remember to set lim.burst to be > 0 ?
// return
// }
// time.Sleep(r.Delay())
// Act()
//
// Use this method if you wish to wait and slow down in accordance with the rate limit without dropping events.
// If you need to respect a deadline or cancel the delay, use Wait instead.
// To drop or skip events exceeding rate limit, use Allow instead.
func (lim *Limiter) ReserveN(t time.Time, n int) *Reservation {
r := lim.reserveN(t, n, InfDuration)
return &r
}
// Wait is shorthand for WaitN(ctx, 1).
func (lim *Limiter) Wait(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
return lim.WaitN(ctx, 1)
}
// WaitN blocks until lim permits n events to happen.
// It returns an error if n exceeds the Limiter's burst size, the Context is
// canceled, or the expected wait time exceeds the Context's Deadline.
// The burst limit is ignored if the rate limit is Inf.
func (lim *Limiter) WaitN(ctx context.Context, n int) (err error) {
// The test code calls lim.wait with a fake timer generator.
// This is the real timer generator.
newTimer := func(d time.Duration) (<-chan time.Time, func() bool, func()) {
timer := time.NewTimer(d)
return timer.C, timer.Stop, func() {}
}
return lim.wait(ctx, n, time.Now(), newTimer)
}
// wait is the internal implementation of WaitN.
func (lim *Limiter) wait(ctx context.Context, n int, t time.Time, newTimer func(d time.Duration) (<-chan time.Time, func() bool, func())) error {
lim.mu.Lock()
burst := lim.burst
limit := lim.limit
lim.mu.Unlock()
if n > burst && limit != Inf {
return fmt.Errorf("rate: Wait(n=%d) exceeds limiter's burst %d", n, burst)
}
// Check if ctx is already cancelled
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
default:
}
// Determine wait limit
waitLimit := InfDuration
if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
waitLimit = deadline.Sub(t)
}
// Reserve
r := lim.reserveN(t, n, waitLimit)
if !r.ok {
return fmt.Errorf("rate: Wait(n=%d) would exceed context deadline", n)
}
// Wait if necessary
delay := r.DelayFrom(t)
if delay == 0 {
return nil
}
ch, stop, advance := newTimer(delay)
defer stop()
advance() // only has an effect when testing
select {
case <-ch:
// We can proceed.
return nil
case <-ctx.Done():
// Context was canceled before we could proceed. Cancel the
// reservation, which may permit other events to proceed sooner.
r.Cancel()
return ctx.Err()
}
}
// SetLimit is shorthand for SetLimitAt(time.Now(), newLimit).
func (lim *Limiter) SetLimit(newLimit Limit) {
lim.SetLimitAt(time.Now(), newLimit)
}
// SetLimitAt sets a new Limit for the limiter. The new Limit, and Burst, may be violated
// or underutilized by those which reserved (using Reserve or Wait) but did not yet act
// before SetLimitAt was called.
func (lim *Limiter) SetLimitAt(t time.Time, newLimit Limit) {
lim.mu.Lock()
defer lim.mu.Unlock()
t, tokens := lim.advance(t)
lim.last = t
lim.tokens = tokens
lim.limit = newLimit
}
// SetBurst is shorthand for SetBurstAt(time.Now(), newBurst).
func (lim *Limiter) SetBurst(newBurst int) {
lim.SetBurstAt(time.Now(), newBurst)
}
// SetBurstAt sets a new burst size for the limiter.
func (lim *Limiter) SetBurstAt(t time.Time, newBurst int) {
lim.mu.Lock()
defer lim.mu.Unlock()
t, tokens := lim.advance(t)
lim.last = t
lim.tokens = tokens
lim.burst = newBurst
}
// reserveN is a helper method for AllowN, ReserveN, and WaitN.
// maxFutureReserve specifies the maximum reservation wait duration allowed.
// reserveN returns Reservation, not *Reservation, to avoid allocation in AllowN and WaitN.
func (lim *Limiter) reserveN(t time.Time, n int, maxFutureReserve time.Duration) Reservation {
lim.mu.Lock()
defer lim.mu.Unlock()
if lim.limit == Inf {
return Reservation{
ok: true,
lim: lim,
tokens: n,
timeToAct: t,
}
} else if lim.limit == 0 {
var ok bool
if lim.burst >= n {
ok = true
lim.burst -= n
}
return Reservation{
ok: ok,
lim: lim,
tokens: lim.burst,
timeToAct: t,
}
}
t, tokens := lim.advance(t)
// Calculate the remaining number of tokens resulting from the request.
tokens -= float64(n)
// Calculate the wait duration
var waitDuration time.Duration
if tokens < 0 {
waitDuration = lim.limit.durationFromTokens(-tokens)
}
// Decide result
ok := n <= lim.burst && waitDuration <= maxFutureReserve
// Prepare reservation
r := Reservation{
ok: ok,
lim: lim,
limit: lim.limit,
}
if ok {
r.tokens = n
r.timeToAct = t.Add(waitDuration)
// Update state
lim.last = t
lim.tokens = tokens
lim.lastEvent = r.timeToAct
}
return r
}
// advance calculates and returns an updated state for lim resulting from the passage of time.
// lim is not changed.
// advance requires that lim.mu is held.
func (lim *Limiter) advance(t time.Time) (newT time.Time, newTokens float64) {
last := lim.last
if t.Before(last) {
last = t
}
// Calculate the new number of tokens, due to time that passed.
elapsed := t.Sub(last)
delta := lim.limit.tokensFromDuration(elapsed)
tokens := lim.tokens + delta
if burst := float64(lim.burst); tokens > burst {
tokens = burst
}
return t, tokens
}
// durationFromTokens is a unit conversion function from the number of tokens to the duration
// of time it takes to accumulate them at a rate of limit tokens per second.
func (limit Limit) durationFromTokens(tokens float64) time.Duration {
if limit <= 0 {
return InfDuration
}
seconds := tokens / float64(limit)
return time.Duration(float64(time.Second) * seconds)
}
// tokensFromDuration is a unit conversion function from a time duration to the number of tokens
// which could be accumulated during that duration at a rate of limit tokens per second.
func (limit Limit) tokensFromDuration(d time.Duration) float64 {
if limit <= 0 {
return 0
}
return d.Seconds() * float64(limit)
}
``` |
Gartocharn (; ) is a village in West Dunbartonshire in Scotland, United Kingdom. It is the only village in the parish of Kilmaronock (not to be confused with the town of Kilmarnock in East Ayrshire). The parish has a population of c. 680.
It lies on the A811, the main road from Balloch to Stirling. It is close to the shore of Loch Lomond, and to Ross Priory. It is dominated by a nearby hill, Duncryne, also known as the Kilmaronock Dumpling.
The village has two churches, a primary school, convenience shop and garage. There is a weekly fruit and vegetable market held at France Farm. The former Gartocharn Hotel is now closed The local bi-monthly magazine is known as the ‘Gartorag’.
Historically, the village's economy was based on agriculture, being surrounded by many large farms and estates. In recent years, this has dwindled, however, there is still a large haulage firm, Coopers, and the Lochs and Glens holiday company based in the village.
Sir Walter Scott is reputed to have written Lady of the Lake whilst staying at Ross Priory and Gartochraggan, on the waters edge, north of the village.
In the 1870s and 1880s, the village had a football side, Kilmaronock Thistle F.C., which played in the Scottish Cup.
Notable residents
It was the home of Tom Weir MBE and his wife Rona, who for many years was the primary school headteacher.
Actor David McCallum briefly lived in the village with his mother as a child during World War Two.
The film producer and director brothers Andrew Macdonald and Kevin Macdonald grew up in the vicinity.
Prominent Glasgow financier and environmentalist Sir Raymond Johnstone lived at the Wards Estate.
Alastair Pearson farmed on the edge of the village.
Each year, the village is the home of a Convention of the Two by Twos.
References
External links
- Video and narration - Kilmaronock Kirk and Castle
Vale of Leven - Loch Lomond Villages East - Gartocharn
Visit Scotland - Gartocharn
Villages in West Dunbartonshire |
Berkovica is a village in the municipality of Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 666.
References
Populated places in Lukavac |
Benes Peak () is a peak, high, that is almost entirely snow-covered, situated along the Usas Escarpment, east of Mount Aldaz, in Marie Byrd Land. It was surveyed by United States Geological Survey on the Executive Committee Range Traverse of 1959, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Norman S. Benes, a United States Antarctic Research Program meteorologist at Byrd Station, 1961.
References
Mountains of Marie Byrd Land |
Devils Back in Massachusetts, USA, is a very small and barren rock in the Atlantic Ocean located within the city limits of Boston. The rock is northeast of Aldridge Ledge, southwest of Commissioners Ledge, northwest of Half Tide Rocks, west of Green Island, and just east of the South Channel.
Islands of Massachusetts
Landforms of Boston
Islands of Suffolk County, Massachusetts
Coastal islands of Massachusetts |
Josep Moratalla Claramunt (born 1 October 1958) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender, and a manager.
Playing career
Born in Esparreguera, Barcelona, Catalonia, Moratalla signed for FC Barcelona in 1972 at the age of 13. He played seven seasons with the national powerhouse (also being loaned to Deportivo de La Coruña in Segunda División as he was due to perform his compulsory military service in Galicia), but only appeared a total of 19 times in La Liga in his first four years, barred by José Ramón Alexanko and Migueli– for instance, when the Blaugrana won the national championship in the 1984–85 campaign, he only totalled 104 minutes in two matches; he made his league debut for the club on 28 February 1982, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–0 home win against Sevilla FC.
Even though used rarely in his beginnings, Moratalla started in the 1982 European Cup Winners' Cup Final, a 2–1 victory over Standard Liège at the Camp Nou, Additionally, he was brought from the bench in the 1986 European Cup Final, lost in a penalty shootout to FC Steaua București.
Moratalla played with Barcelona until 1988, being first choice in his final two years and adding the Copa del Rey to his trophy cabinet in his last. He retired from football at only 32 after three seasons in the second level with another team in his native region, UE Figueres.
Coaching career
Moratalla started working as a manager in 1992, and all of his clubs hailed from his region of birth and competed in the lower leagues. His first job was at FC Santboià, followed by CE Europa where he would have two separate spells.
Moratalla's only experience in Segunda División B came during 2000–01 with CE Premià, where he ultimately did not possess the necessary requirements to coach at that level after failing his exam. The team eventually ranked in last position, and he went on to be in charge of Girona FC from Tercera División for two years.
Additionally, Moratalla acted as sporting president of Barcelona's Agrupació Barça Jugadors, who held several activities and events involving past players of the organization.
Honours
Barcelona
La Liga: 1984–85
Copa del Rey: 1982–83, 1987–88; Runner-up 1983–84, 1985–86
Copa de la Liga: 1986
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1981–82
Supercopa de España runner-up: 1985
European Cup runner-up: 1985–86
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Catalonia
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
FC Barcelona C players
FC Barcelona Atlètic players
Deportivo de La Coruña players
FC Barcelona players
UE Figueres footballers
Spanish football managers
Segunda División B managers
Tercera División managers
FC Santboià managers
CE Europa managers
Girona FC managers |
Blerekvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Rana in Nordland county, Norway. It lies at the northern base of the mountain Junkerfjellet, about straight east of the town of Mo i Rana.
See also
List of lakes in Norway
Geography of Norway
References
Rana, Norway
Lakes of Nordland |
Vinstre is a lake in Innlandet county, Norway. The lake lies in Øystre Slidre Municipality and the very western tip of the lake crosses over into the neighboring Vang Municipality. The lake sits at an elevation of above sea level. Vinstre was regulated in connection with the construction of the Øvre Vinstra hydroelectric power plant. The lake Bygdin flows into this lake and on the opposite end, it flows out into the dammed lake Sandvatnet/Kaldfjorden/Øyvatnet which is the headwaters for the river Vinstra.
Along its northern shore runs the Jotunheimvegen summer toll road, built in the 1950s as a result of hydroelectricity development affecting the operation of the earlier milk boat service.
Name
The name of the lake is (maybe) derived from the verb which means "bend", "twist", or "wind" with the suffix -str added to the end. The name is therefore referring to the twisted shape of the lake. The river Vinstra starts from the lake.
See also
List of lakes in Norway
References
Øystre Slidre
Vang, Innlandet
Lakes of Innlandet |
Buxières-d'Aillac () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.
Geography
The commune is traversed by the river Bouzanne.
Population
See also
Communes of the Indre department
References
Communes of Indre |
The women's 100 metre backstroke S10 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 10 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.
Heats
Heat 1
11:15 10 September 2016:
Heat 2
11:19 10 September 2016:
Final
19:31 10 September 2016:
Notes
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics |
```javascript
'use strict';
const path = require('path');
const mapStream = require('map-stream');
const vfs = require('vinyl-fs');
const clearAttrs = require('../util/clear-attrs');
module.exports = (source, target/* , options */) => {
// location: ${source}/!SVG/*.svg
vfs.src('*.svg', {
cwd: path.resolve(source, './icons/'),
cwdbase: true,
dot: true
})
.pipe(mapStream(clearAttrs))
.pipe(vfs.dest(target));
};
``` |
Coal City is a ghost town in Carbon County, Utah, United States. Established in 1885, Coal City was initially a farming community until coal was discovered in the area. Small-scale mining began to take place, and because the mining operations were a mile or two away from the mines at National and Consumers, it was assumed that the citizens of the town would lack workplace stress. Coal production began to decline in 1935, and the town was essentially abandoned with just two residences occupied by the late 1960s.
History
In 1885, a group of settlers established a town in Carbon County, Utah, and called it Oak Springs Bench. Because the town's elevation was approximately , farming and ranching were difficult. However, soon after the town was settled, coal was discovered in the area. Small-scale mining took place under the Great Western Coal Mines Company, but mining operations weren't large due to the town's distance from the nearest railroad. In August 1921, the permanent town site was platted and renamed Coal City, after the deposits of coal in the area. The town was incorporated in October 1921. Although most of the houses were tents, a log school house served Coal City in 1925, and was replaced by a brick schoolhouse in 1927. Later that year, a couple stores and a bakery were constructed, and made up the business district. A few dozen homes were constructed around the stores. The town's residents lacked stress from mining operations because they were located away from the larger mining operations in National and Consumers. At its peak, the population was about 70. In 1926, the mine superintendent, George Storrs, was indicted for mail fraud. Though he was cleared of charges, in December 1926, Storrs's mining company went bankrupt and halted operations. The town began to decline in 1935 and by 1940 it was uninhabited. A few buildings remain in Coal City, including two stores, several houses, and a few outbuildings.
See also
List of ghost towns in Utah
Coal mining in the United States
References
External links
Ghost towns in Carbon County, Utah
Coal towns in Utah
Mining communities in Utah
Populated places established in 1885
Ghost towns in Utah
1885 establishments in Utah Territory |
This is a list of episodes of the Japanese animated TV series . The episodes are directed by Kenji Kamiyama and produced by Production I.G. The English adaptation of the series was originally licensed by Geneon Entertainment before it dissolved and the licensed was transferred to Sentai Filmworks. The episodes are based on the Moribito series of Japanese fantasy novels, written by Nahoko Uehashi, and adapt the first installment, Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit, over twenty-six episodes. They aired from April 7, 2007, to September 29, 2007, on NHK-BS2.
Two pieces of theme music are used for the episodes; one opening theme and one closing theme. The opening theme is "Shine" by Japanese rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel, and the closing theme is Sachi Tainaka's .
Six DVD compilations, each containing two episodes of the series, have been released in Japan by Geneon Entertainment, with the latest released on November 21, 2007. A seventh compilation was released on December 21, 2007.
Episodes
See also
Guardian series
Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit
References
External links
Official site
Official NHK site for the anime
Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit |
Orahovice () is a village in the municipality of Bileća, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
References
Villages in Republika Srpska
Populated places in Bileća |
Manuel Serafim Monteiro Pereira (25 July 1943 – 7 June 1994) was a Portuguese footballer who played as forward.
External links
1943 births
1994 deaths
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Primeira Liga players
FC Porto players
S.L. Benfica footballers
Académica de Coimbra (football) players
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers
Portugal men's international footballers
People from Gondomar, Portugal
Footballers from Porto District |
Jacks Hatch (also spelt Jack's Hatch), is a hamlet in the Epping Upland civil parish of the Epping Forest district of Essex, England.
Jacks Hatch is north-west from the parish village of Epping Upland, south-southwest from the town centre of Harlow and west from the city and county town of Chelmsford. It is on the B181 Epping road between Epping Green village at the south, and Broadley Common in Roydon at the north-west, and centred on the junction with Parsloe Road running north-east to the almost conjoined Kingsmoor area of southern Harlow. Junction 7 of the M11 motorway is to the east.
The Hamlet may have been referenced as Cerlen hacce in the confirmatory charter of Edward the Confessor to the church of Waltham Holy Cross in 1062.
While the Hamlet lies within the civil parish of Epping Upland, it lies within the ecclesiastical parishes of Nazeing and Great Parndon - the boundary between them lying along the Epping Green Road (B181).
The hamlet and its immediate surrounding area includes three farms. There are two small retail and light industrial areas on Parslow Road which include a car sales and a furniture sales outlet, and a hair salon. Detached and semidetached houses line Parsloe Road, and the Epping Road chiefly at its west side. At the junction is a fuel station which includes an automotive repair centre.
The 1933 Kelly's Directory of Essex listed a motor engineers company at Jacks Hatch.
On Parsloe Road at Jacks Hatch is the Grade II listed Richmonds Farmhouse, a rendered timber-framed T-plan house with a 17th-century gable, dating at least from the early 16th century.
In the 2010s Epping Upland Parish Council began working towards a Neighbourhood Plan for the protection of parish character which, if approved, would become part of planning policy under an Epping Forest District Council Local Plan. The area of Jacks Hatch was to be removed from the protection of this Local Plan, allowing further southward expansion of the Harlow conurbation. A possible greater expansion of Harlow attached development south to the edge of Epping Upland village, and in green belt, was being considered through the Epping Forest District Council Local Plan, but opposed by the Parish Council for its Neighbourhood Plan.
Jacks Hatch lies in the UK parliamentary constituency of Epping Forest. The sitting MP since 1997 has been Eleanor Laing.
References
External links
Epping Upland Parish Council
Hamlets in Essex
Epping Forest District |
Gregory Stewart Ion (born March 12, 1963 in Vancouver) is a Canadian retired soccer midfielder.
Professional
The son of Gordie Ion, Ion graduated from Burnaby North Secondary School. In 1981, the Portland Timbers selected him in the first round of the North American Soccer League draft. However, he lost the entire 1981 season with a knee injury. He came back in 1982 and played nine games, but the team folded at the end of the season. He then signed with the Montreal Manic, but that team collapsed at the end of the 1983 season. On November 10, 1983, the Fort Lauderdale Strikers purchased his contract from the Manic. The Strikers sent Ion to the Tulsa Roughnecks during the 1984 pre-season. When the NASL collapsed at the end of the season, Ion moved to the Los Angeles Lazers of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He remained with the Lazers until March 26, 1987 when the team traded him to the Minnesota Strikers in exchange for Thompson Usiyan. He finished the season with the Strikers. On October 2, 1987, the Strikers traded him to the San Diego Sockers in exchange for draft picks and cash. On November 6, 1987, the Sockers waived Ion during the pre-season as part of a salary reduction move. The Chicago Sting quickly signed him and he spent the 1987–1988 season in Chicago. The Sting, facing financial collapse, released Ion and ten other players on June 2, 1988. Ion then moved to the Kansas City Comets for two seasons. In 1990, he moved to the Tacoma Stars for two seasons.
During the 1986 and 1989, Ion played for the Vancouver 86ers of the Canadian Soccer League. He is inducted into the BC Sports Hall of Fame as member of the record setting 1989 team.
National team
Ion was part of the Canadian team that participated in their only FIFA World Cup to date in 1986.
Post-playing career
Ion was soccer marketer for Adidas and is Program Director of their ESP youth program. He currently runs his own marketing company. He has also been Administrative Director of Club Development with youth soccer club Washington Premier Football Club, in Tacoma, Washington. He is a USSF A licensed coach.
Greg has three daughters Kelsey, Claire and Katelynn.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
1986 FIFA World Cup players
American soccer coaches
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Canadian expatriate men's soccer players
Canada men's international soccer players
Canadian soccer coaches
Canadian Soccer League (1987–1992) players
Canadian men's soccer players
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Chicago Sting (MISL) players
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Men's association football midfielders
Kansas City Comets (original MISL) players
Los Angeles Lazers players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Montreal Manic players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Soccer players from Tacoma, Washington
Soccer players from Vancouver
Portland Timbers (1975–1982) players
Tacoma Stars players
Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–1984) players
Vancouver Whitecaps (1986–2010) players |
Alstroemeria revoluta is a species of plant in the family Alstroemeriaceae. It is a perennial herb endemic to Chile, where it is distributed between the Valparaíso and Araucanía regions.
References
revoluta |
The 2010 Zuiderduin Masters was a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands.
Ross Montgomery won the men's title, beating Robbie Green 5-4 in sets having been 4-0 down.
Qualifying
The players in bold are the seeded players for the group stages in the men's event and the knockout stages in the women's event. Steve West and Deta Hedman (in italics) qualified through more than one method.
Men
Women
Results
Men's tournament
Group stage
All matches best of 9 legs. Two points are gained for every match won. P = Played; W = Won; L = Lost; LF = Legs for; LA = Legs against; +/- = Leg difference; Pts = Points
Group A
Tony West 5-3 John Henderson
Ross Montgomery (1) 5-3 John Henderson
Ross Montgomery (1) 5-2 Tony West
Group B
Stuart Kellett 5-3 Gino Vos
Scott Mitchell (8) 5-2 Gino Vos
Stuart Kellett 5-3 Scott Mitchell (8)
Group C
Tony O'Shea 5-4 John Walton
Alan Norris (5) 5-4 John Walton
Tony O'Shea 5-0 Alan Norris (5)
Group D
Ted Hankey 5-0 Joey ten Berge
Joey ten Berge 5-3 Garry Thompson (4)
Garry Thompson (4) 5-4 Ted Hankey
Group E
Gary Robson 5-4 Willy van de Wiel
Steve West (3) 5-4 Willy van de Wiel
Gary Robson 5-2 Steve West (3)
Group F
Robbie Green 5-3 Steve Douglas
Steve Douglas 5-1 Darryl Fitton (6)
Robbie Green 5-3 Darryl Fitton (6)
Group G
Scott Waites 5-3 Dave Prins
Dean Winstanley (7) 5-2 Dave Prins
Dean Winstanley (7) 5-0 Scott Waites
Group H
Wesley Harms 5-3 Jan Dekker
Martin Adams (2) 5-1 Jan Dekker
Martin Adams (2) 5-1 Wesley Harms
Knockout stages
Women's tournament
References
Finder Darts Masters
Zuiderduin Masters
Zuiderduin Masters |
The Imus Ranch was a working cattle ranch of nearly located in Ribera, New Mexico, southeast
of Santa Fe. Between 1998–2014, it was the site of a non-profit charitable program for seriously ill children, founded by long-time radio personality Don Imus and his wife, Deirdre. The charitable organization sought to ensure the continuity of the lives of children afflicted with cancer or serious blood diseases. The charity's goal was to provide children ages 10–17 with an experience of living life on a functioning cattle ranch free of charge, to build up the child's self-confidence and sense of accomplishment, in the company of similar children facing serious illness. In later years, it also opened to siblings of SIDS victims. It was incorporated in New York State and registered as a non-profit organization under subsection 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code. It closed following the 2014 season.
The former ranch property was initially offered for sale for $32 million in October 2014. Not having sold by 2017, the property was put up for auction by Thomas Industries, Inc., an industrial auction house with a specialty in the auction of printing companies. The property was listed for sale as a combined acreage of the foundation, the personal property of the Imuses, and state leased adjoining land totaling almost 3,000 acres. The deadline for auction was originally set for June 15, 2017, with a minimum bid of $5 million. The property was sold to Patrick Gottsch, owner of RFD-TV, in April 2018 for $12.5 million. RFD-TV has used the ranch as a production facility for its Western shows.
A portion of the historic Santa Fe Trail passes through the property.
Facilities
The ranch contained a village of eight buildings constructed to emulate an Old West town, including a general store, a "marshal's office", and a "saloon" (actually an infirmary where the young guests receive their medications at the saloon's "bar"). The main ranch house is a adobe hacienda with Native American rugs and rustic chandeliers in the great room. It had five bedrooms for the ten children who attended each week in the summer, a library, and a dining hall which served only vegetarian meals. The design was largely under the direction of Deirdre Imus at a cost of construction placed at more than $25 million.
There were bunk houses for doctors, other medical staff and ranch hands. The Hackensack University Medical Center provided physicians, nurses, and guidance counselors who attended the ranch sessions.
Activities
For seven days, the children were expected to perform chores and tasks as if they were cowboys, such as caring for horses, in order to gain self-esteem. The ranch operated all year but hosted children only when school was not in session, in eight one-week sessions. Nearly half the children were from minority groups; 10% were black.
During a typical day, the children performed chores beginning early in the morning, such as feeding the various ranch animals, watering plants, gathering eggs, and saddling horses for a two-hour ride led by the Imuses. Recreation included swimming, board games, and pool. In a concession to the serious health needs of the campers, the ranch also had qualified personnel present to treat medical needs.
During the summer months, Imus broadcast his nationally syndicated radio program, Imus in the Morning, from a studio at the ranch. Occasionally, children attending the ranch appeared on the program along with his wife, Deirdre, and son, Wyatt.
History
Imus, who was raised on an Arizona ranch, became interested in helping children stricken with cancer after he participated in a New York radio telethon in 1988, raising money for a charity assisting such children. After his marriage to Deirdre Coleman in 1994, the couple decided to build a western ranch where cancer-stricken children could regain their self-esteem by engaging in authentic ranch work.
Deirdre Imus said in an American Profile magazine interview, "After working with these kids, we noticed a common theme: they had cancer but they were like normal kids, except they lost their self-esteem. We found no one was actually restoring their self-esteem or dignity."
Initially, the Imuses used more than $1 million of their money to purchase for the ranch in 1998. The ranch cost almost $25 million to construct, raised through a public foundation they established. The ranch cost $1.8 million annually to operate.
Controversies
In March 2005, a Wall Street Journal reporter wrote an article critical of the ranch and the amount of money spent on each child. In 2006 the ranch spent $2.5 million on 90 children who stayed at ranch, or $28,000 per child. Accusations of accounting irregularities and personal use of the charity's assets were investigated by both the Attorney General of New Mexico, Patricia Madrid, and the New York State Attorney General, Eliot Spitzer. No charges were filed in New Mexico. New York closed its investigation on March 24, 2005.
Fundraising sources
The Imus Ranch's annual operating cost of $1.8 million was raised by various corporate sponsors and individual contributions, enabling the youth to attend at no charge.
Corporate sponsors
Numerous large corporations donated significantly to the ranch. Major donors included Reader's Digest, for which the ranch's "locale" was named, Unilever, and Wrangler Jeans, among others. General Motors donated vehicles for use on the ranch. Buildings at the ranch were named for major corporate donors.
Radiothon
Each spring beginning in 1990, WFAN conducted the WFAN Radiothon to benefit children's causes. The Radiothon was subsequently conducted on WABC radio in New York. As of 2005, the Radiothon raised more than $30 million for the ranch, along with Tomorrows Children's Fund and the CJ Foundation for SIDS.
Imus Ranch Foods
Organic food items and cleaning products were sold in large markets and online under the now-defunct "Imus Ranch Foods" label. All after-tax profits from the sale of these products were donated to the ranch.
Books
In 2004, Deirdre Imus wrote a book, The Imus Ranch: Cooking for Kids and Cowboys, published by Rodale, Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania. All after-tax profits from the sale of the book have been donated to the ranch. On April 10, 2007, a second book by Deirdre Imus, Greening Your Cleaning, was published by Simon & Schuster.
Records
The Imus Ranch Record, a country music CD, was released in September 2008. A New York Times critic called it "pairings of artists and material that are inspired, and often inspiring, and nothing if not eclectic". Sales of the album benefited the ranch. Artists who agreed to record for the project include Willie Nelson, Vince Gill, Dwight Yoakam, Patty Loveless, Randy Travis, Little Richard, and Lucinda Williams.
Closure
In his broadcast on September 9, 2014, Imus announced the discontinuation of the ranch program, after 16 years of operation, due to his "health and other issues". He said the property would be sold with proceeds going to a 501(c)(3) charitable foundation. In October 2014, the ranch was offered for sale, with an asking price of $32 million. After not selling for almost three years even when the price was reduced to $19.9 million, the closed property was scheduled for auction on June 15, 2017, at a starting bid of $5 million. The ranch was finally sold in April 2018 to Patrick Gottsch (Imus's former employer at RFD-TV and the founder of Rural Media Group) for $12.5 million.
References
Charities based in New Mexico
Children's charities based in the United States
Ranches in New Mexico
Buildings and structures in San Miguel County, New Mexico
Santa Fe Trail
1998 establishments in New Mexico
2014 disestablishments in New Mexico |
The Richland Historic District is a historic district in Richland, Georgia that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1986. It includes the historic commercial center of Richland and residential areas around it. Architectural styles of houses, commercial buildings, and institutional buildings in the district include Greek Revival, Victorian Eclectic, Neoclassical, and Craftsman/Bungalow.
The district includes the Smith-Alston House, which is separately listed on the NRHP.
Contributing Properties
References
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Geography of Stewart County, Georgia
National Register of Historic Places in Stewart County, Georgia |
Plestiodon indubitus, the Mexican short-nosed skink, is a species of skink. It is endemic to Mexico and is known from the states of Guerrero, Morelos, Michoacán, and Jalisco. However, its relationships with other species formerly considered subspecies of Plestiodon brevirostris are not fully resolved.
References
indubitus
Endemic reptiles of Mexico
Reptiles described in 1933
Taxa named by Edward Harrison Taylor |
In geometry, a polyhedron is a solid in three dimensions with flat faces and straight edges. Every edge has exactly two faces, and every vertex is surrounded by alternating faces and edges. The smallest polyhedron is the tetrahedron with 4 triangular faces, 6 edges, and 4 vertices. Named polyhedra primarily come from the families of platonic solids, Archimedean solids, Catalan solids, and Johnson solids, as well as dihedral symmetry families including the pyramids, bipyramids, prisms, antiprisms, and trapezohedrons.
Polyhedra by vertex count
Notes: Polyhedra with different names that are topologically identical are listed together. Except in the cases of four and five vertices, the lists below are by no means exhaustive of all possible polyhedra with the given number of vertices, but rather just include particularly simple/common/well-known/named examples. The "Counting Polyhedra" link below gives the exact number of distinct polyhedra with n vertices for small values of n.
References
External links
Counting Polyhedra |
There are two lists of free trade areas:
List of bilateral free-trade agreements
List of multilateral free-trade agreements |
VesselSat-2 (aka Orbcomm FM43, V2) was a Luxembourgian microsatellite built and owned by LuxSpace, and operated by Orbcomm under lease. It carried a receiver for Automatic Identification System signals, used to track ships at sea. VesselSat-2 was the second of two VesselSat spacecraft (see VesselSat-1), which were built by LuxSpace for Orbcomm, as replacements for the AIS capabilities of the failed Orbcomm-QL spacecraft.
VesselSat-2 was launched as a secondary payload on a Long March 4B carrier rocket which was carrying Ziyuan 3. The launch occurred at 03:17 UTC on 9 January 2012, from Launch Complex 9 at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre, and was the first orbital launch of the year.
References
External links
https://www.webcitation.org/67w6DpNgB?url=http://luxspace.lu/index.php/News/items/the-second-luxembourg-built-satellite-vesselsat2-launched-successfully.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bbWD5zbYAk
Spacecraft launched in 2012 |
Martin Yanakiev (; born 8 March 1983) is a Bulgarian rower. He competed in the men's double sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Bulgarian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Bulgaria
Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Burgas |
Charles Walker Cathcart, CBE, MB CM, FRCSEd, FRCSE (16 March 1853 – 22 February 1932) was a Scottish surgeon who worked for most of his career at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE). As a young man he had represented Scotland at rugby on three occasions. During the First World War he jointly published an account of the value of sphagnum moss as a wound dressing which led to its widespread use by the British Army for that purpose.
As conservator of the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) he enlarged the museum accommodation, expanded the museum collection with the addition of over 1,300 new specimens and a large collection of histological slides. His creation of the first comprehensive catalogue of the museum collection greatly enhanced its value as a teaching and research resource. His textbook A Surgical Handbook, written jointly with Francis Caird and first published in 1889, became a best seller running to 19 editions by 1921.
Early life
Charles Walker Cathcart was born in Edinburgh on 16 March 1853, the son of James Cathcart, a Leith wine merchant and his wife Helen (née Weir). He attended Loretto School, Musselburgh, where he was captain of the school rugby team. From school he went on to take an arts course at the University of Edinburgh, which included classes in logic and philosophy and he graduated MA in 1873. Cathcart then entered the university medical school and graduated MB CM in 1878. As an undergraduate he represented the university at rugby and in athletics at Scottish Inter-University sports competitions.
Rugby Union career
Amateur career
Cathcart played rugby for the University of Edinburgh.
Provincial career
Cathcart represented Edinburgh District and played in the world's first non-international representative match in December 1872; the "inter-city", the inter-district match between Edinburgh District and Glasgow District.
Cathcart also played for East of Scotland in 1876.
International career
He was capped three times for Scotland, his debut coming in the second international match in 1872 when Scotland played England at The Oval, London. His only score in international rugby was a drop goal against England.
Surgical career
Cathcart was house surgeon in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE) under Professor Thomas Annandale. Showing an early interest in a career in surgery he passed the examinations to become a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (FRCSEd) in 1879 and Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (FRCSE) the following year. He went on to become a lecturer in anatomy and then a lecturer in surgery in the Edinburgh Extramural School of Medicine at Surgeons' Hall. His surgical career progressed when he became assistant surgeon in the RIE in 1884, advancing to Surgeon-in-ordinary in 1901. During the First World War he became Extra Surgeon before retiring in 1918 and becoming Consulting Surgeon.
The Liston Victoria jubilee prize was awarded to him by the RCSEd in 1893.
In 1908 Cathcart joined the newly established Territorial Force, forerunner of the Territorial Army, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He served in the surgical unit of 2nd Scottish General Hospital at Craigleith (later the Western General Hospital), going on to become chief surgeon at the Bangour military hospital in West Lothian. In 1919 he became surgeon to Edenhall Hospital, Musselburgh which had been established as a specialist hospital to care for servicemen who had lost limbs. Cathcart was gazetted CBE (military) for his wartime service.
Cathcart had a flair for mechanical design. He designed a microtome for frozen section, a technique which had only recently been introduced into surgical practice. Aseptic surgical technique was at an early stage of development when he designed and built a steriliser for surgical dressings. This had the dual advantages of being cheap to produce and easy to work. He adapted a version of the Sprengel vacuum pump so that it could be used safely for bladder drainage.
A popular teacher he distilled much of his surgical teaching into his Surgical Handbook For the Use of Students, Practitioners, House- Surgeons, and Dressers, which he wrote jointly with Professor Francis Caird. This became popular because it contained much practical advice and guidance and the single volume was small enough to fit into a coat pocket. The book went through 19 editions between 1889 and 1921. In later life, he produced jointly with his colleague J. N. Jackson Hartley an expanded and updated version of the original entitled Requisites and methods in surgery.
Sphagnum moss in surgery
Sphagnum moss had been used as a wound dressing by German practitioners since the 1880s, but had not been used to any extent in Britain. It is known to have absorbent properties and antiseptic properties as it creates an acidic environment in wounds which inhibits bacterial growth. In 1914 Cathcart and his friend Professor Isaac Bayley Balfour, Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (RBGEd) wrote an article for The Scotsman. In this they described how the moss could absorb and hold 20 times its own weight of water, and, as this could equally apply to lymph, wound exudate, blood or pus, they suggested its use as a wound dressing. It was more absorbent than the standard cotton wool dressing and at the time cotton wool was becoming more difficult to obtain as supplies were being used in the manufacture of gun cotton for explosives. Moreover, they argued, cotton wool had to be imported, at considerable expense and risk, while the moss was widely available in the colder, wetter areas of the British Isles and was free. They pointed out it had been shown in Germany to have antiseptic properties and to promote wound healing. Aware of the irony in copying an idea from an enemy country, they wrote, quoting Ovid: "Fas est et ab hoste doceri"—it is right to be taught even by the enemy.
Cathcart subsequently published an account in the British Medical Journal and asked the War Office for permission for its general use as a wound dressing. The War Office Medical Department agreed to this request in February 1916. Cathcart then set up a local arrangement in Edinburgh for the collection and drying of the moss and its packaging as dressings. A similar enterprise was set up in Dublin, in England and then in the United States when it joined the war, most using Cathcart's model as an exemplar. In 1916 the London Graphic reported that "the collecting, drying and making into surgical dressings of Sphagnum moss has become a national industry in Scotland ... the work is being extended all over Ireland, England and Wales." It was estimated that by 1918, around one million moss dressings each month were being sent to the Western Front and more distant theatres of war.
Museum conservator
Cathcart's appointment as conservator of Surgeons' Hall Museum in 1887 marked the start of a period of regeneration for the museum. Finding that the catalogue was decades out of date he created a new catalogue using modern terminology and arranged the layout of the specimens to correspond to this, greatly increasing the value of the collection as an educational resource. He introduced some 1300 specimens into the collection in addition to a large collection of histopathology slides. In several of the older museum specimens the diagnosis was in doubt, so he also took samples from these and made slides using the microtome whose design he would later improve as the 'Cathcart microtome'. Using his expertise in interpreting such slides and with the help of pathologists, he was able to confirm or refute earlier diagnoses. He was responsible for the expansion of the museum accommodation which took place in stages between 1894 and 1908. Although he resigned as conservator in 1900, he became chairman of the museum curators and continued to influence the development which he had started.
Family and later life
In 1885 Cathcart married Mary Guthrie Tait (1857–1946) and they had three daughters and a son. Their son Francis John Cathcart (b. 1894) was killed in action in the Mesopotamian campaign in the First World War on 9 June 1916 serving in the Royal Field Artillery. In memory of his son, Cathcart arranged for a play area to be built for the children of the Cowgate and Grassmarket at the Cowgate mission of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society which he actively supported. Cathcart died on 22 February 1932.
References
1853 births
1932 deaths
Rugby union players from Edinburgh
Scottish rugby union players
Scotland international rugby union players
Edinburgh University RFC players
Edinburgh District (rugby union) players
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Scottish surgeons
20th-century Scottish medical doctors
People educated at Loretto School, Musselburgh
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Medical School
East of Scotland District players
20th-century surgeons
Rugby union forwards |
The Stock Exchange Rifle Club is located in the City of London. While the origins of the club were once linked to the Stock Exchange, membership is open to all and the current membership is drawn from all walks of life. The majority either tend to live or work near central London and the "square mile". The club was one of the first formed in the United Kingdom in the aftermath of the Boer War to meet the need to recruit soldiers who could already shoot. It is a Registered Charity.
The City range of the club is located under London Bridge, and all City-based shooting is done there.
The club is also active in long range target rifle shooting and is based for this purpose at the National Shooting Centre, Bisley (some 40 minutes drive from SW London). The Stock Exchange Rifle Club is affiliated to the well-known London and Middlesex Rifle Association - which boasts some of the best facilities and services in the Bisley complex.
History
The Stock Exchange Rifle Club was founded in 1901 by Colonel (later, Sir) Robert Inglis, who responded to Lord Roberts' call to establish small-arms shooting clubs across the land. Lord Roberts, as commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force sent out to put down the Boer rebellion, had discovered that the shooting skills of his soldiers left much to be desired. After handing over to Kitchener, he returned to Britain determined to do something about it. He wanted British soldiers to be as practiced with the rifle as their famous forebears had been with the longbow.
Inglis wrote to members of the "House", that is, the Stock Exchange, of which body his firm was a member, on 18 November 1901, and by 19 December, capital had been raised, and arrangements put in place to permit practice by "at least all those Members who have had no previous knowledge of rifle shooting", every Monday and Friday, at a range in the Haymarket, SW1. A similarly-named club had been formed in New York before 1878.
The first annual prize meeting was held at Bisley on 5 July 1902. Membership already stood at 338: 178 Members of the Stock Exchange and 160 clerks.
Inglis was in his first year as Chairman of the Stock Exchange itself, and was knighted in 1910. With all his many interests, his dedication to the establishment of the Stock Exchange Rifle Club was unstinted, and by 1903 a lease had been signed for 2 Borers Passage, just off Devonshire Square, north of Houndsditch and mere yards from the Stock Exchange itself. These premises were to provide 24 rifle positions at 100 feet, and 8 pistol ranges of 75 feet.
Despite some setbacks, the new ranges were open and in use by the end of 1904, and the club's foundations were secure.
The Museum of London displays an old shooting jacket, "donated by a member of the Stock Exchange Rifle Club"
Facilities
The club has a full range of all the equipment and firearms necessary to shoot to top standards in all the current shooting disciplines. Members are regularly selected to compete for their counties and countries.
Smallbore
The City facilities are shared with the Marylebone Rifle and Pistol Club, and provide a 6-lane 25m .22 prone and gallery range and a 10m air pistol gallery. These dedicated facilities opened for shooting in April 2013 beneath London Bridge on an initial 25-year lease from the City of London Corporation, owners of the Bridge. At Bisley the Stock Exchange Rifle Club uses the Commonwealth Games facilities at Lord Roberts House, HQ of the NSRA.
Fullbore
The Stock Exchange Rifle Club also competes at Bisley using Fullbore target rifles, and members of the Club have won the coveted Queen's Prize and the Grand Aggregate.
References
External links
The Stock Exchange Rifle Club website
The National Small-bore Rifle Association website
The London and Middlesex Rifle Association website
Rifle shooting sports
Sports clubs and teams established in 1901
Shooting ranges in the United Kingdom
Shooting sports in England |
Bulbophyllum heldiorum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
heldiorum |
Charles Auguste Frédéric Bégin (2 July 1835 – 27 July 1901) was a French general who was Acting Governor of the colony of Cochinchina in 1885–86, and commander in chief of French forces in Indochina from 1887 to 1889.
Early years (1835–63)
Charles Auguste Frédéric Bégin was born on 2 July 1835 in Marie-Galante, Guadeloupe.
His parents were Joseph Charles Pierre Bégin (1800–1859), Commissaire adjoint in the navy, and Elisabeth Giraud.
He attended the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, and on 1 October 1856 was appointed Second Lieutenant in the Naval Infantry.
Bégin was assigned to Guadeloupe where he spent five years, and was promoted to Lieutenant on 19 September 1859.
He returned to France in 1861 and was assigned to the marine fusiliers training battalion at the Lorient garrison.
Captain and Chef de bataillon (1863–73)
Bégin was promoted to Captain on 13 May 1863, and arrived in Saigon, Cochinchina in January 1864.
He participated in a small expeditionary force that put down a rebellion in the province of Tây Ninh, and was cited in September 1866.
In March 1867 he was awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honour.
In 1868 he returned to France and rejoined the fusiliers training battalion.
On 1 January 1869 he was Adjutant-major of the 2nd Marine Infantry Regiment in Brest.
He was appointed Major, or Chef de bataillon, on 16 March 1870.
He returned to Cochinchina, where he was appointed senior commander in the western provinces.
In 1872 he suppressed a rebellion in the cercles of Mỏ Cày, Trà Vinh and Vĩnh Long.
He was again cited, and on 25 July 1872 was promoted to Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel (1873–82)
Bégin was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel on 10 March 1873.
He returned to France and served in the 3rd Colonial Infantry Regiment in Rochefort for a few months.
In 1874 he went to Saint-Louis, Senegal, where he spent two years as commander of the colony's troops.
He dealt with rebellions from the Cayor, Toro and Dimar (Wolof) people.
Bégin returned to France in 1876.
On 13 August 1878 he was promoted to Colonel and given command of the 1st Colonial Regiment in Cherbourg.
A few months later he returned to Cochinchina for two more years.
He then returned to France and was appointed commander of the 2nd Marine Infantry Regiment.
General (1882–1901)
Bégin was promoted to Brigadier General on 24 December 1881.
He was appointed assistant inspector general of his army, and made Commander of the Legion of Honour.
On 20 March 1885 he was appointed senior commander of Cochinchina.
Bégin was Acting Governor of Cochinchina from 27 July 1885 to 19 June 1886.
He replaced the abrasive Charles Thomson, who had expanded the French role in Cambodia.
Bégin disliked Thomson's policies, and maneuvered to ensure that Thomson did not return.
On 28 October 1885 he wrote,
Bégin recruited Cambodians to form a regiment of colonial soldiers.
He was succeeded by Ange Michel Filippini.
Bégin returned to France to act as Inspector for a short period before returning to Saigon in November 1887 as commander in chief of the troops of French Indochina.
The French government at this time was concerned about the costs of military operations in Indochina, and favoured creation of militia forces, which cost far less than regular troops since they had fewer European troops and did not require barracks.
Neyret, the Resident of Hải Dương, showed that a well-armed militia that was active in gathering intelligence could be effective in combating bandits.
The army responded by accusing Neyret of hiding intelligence from the army.
Neyret in turn accused the 4th Regiment de Tirailleurs Tonkinois, which had been recruited in Hai Duong, of having sold arms to the rebels.
Begin demanded an inquiry, showed that Neyret had no evidence for his accusation, and asked for his transfer.
The Governor General of French Indochina, Jean Antoine Ernest Constans, responded that Neyret had only been doing his duty and perhaps the regiment should be transferred instead.
A few days later Constans was recalled to France and was replaced by Étienne Richaud as acting governor.
Richaud was more sympathetic to the army, and defined its role as being to repel attacks and suppress rebellion, while that of the militias was to maintain the peace through police action.
Bégin agreed with a proposal by Richaud, who held office from April 1888 to May 1889, for collaboration between the army and civilians.
The military commanders would try to gain support from the local people for the imperialist process of pacification.
The effective strength of Begin's forces was much lower than the paper numbers, in part due to the demands of special services, but mostly due to sickness, with large numbers dying, in hospital or repatriated.
In 1888 Begin estimated that in order to have 8,000 active European riflemen he needed a nominal force of 15,000.
In July 1888 Begin gave high praise to a detailed plan for pacifying the northern cantons submitted by Auguste Pavie.
He wrote,
Bégin returned to France in July 1889 as Deputy Inspector General of his army, and on 29 December 1889 was appointed Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.
He was promoted to Divisional General on 10 October 1891.
On 1 January 1892 he was Deputy Inspector General and a member of the technical committee of inspectors general of naval troops.
On 1 January 1894 he was Inspector General and a president of the technical committee of inspectors general of naval troops, holding this position until 1899.
Bégin retired on 1 June 1899.
On 6 June 1899 he was given the rank of Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.
Begin died on 27 July 1901 in Pleumeur-Bodou, Côtes-d'Armor.
Notes
Sources
1835 births
1901 deaths
Governors of Cochinchina |
CORENA is an abbreviation of "Citizens [ sic ] Own Renewable Energy Network Australia Incorporated", an Australian nonprofit organisation based in Modbury, South Australia that relies on voluntary contributions from the public to fund practical renewable energy projects.
History
The concept was inspired by a conversation between founder Margaret Hender and a relative, wherein they discussed the possibility of Australia becoming powered entirely by renewable energy. A study published by Beyond Zero Emissions established that the goal was achievable if each household contributed $8 per week over 10 years. Thus CORENA was established to act as a focal point for the community desire to participate in such a scheme.
CORENA was incorporated on 22 April 2013.
Name
The lack of an apostrophe in the official title of the organisation stems from the requirement that the name of a financial institution account needs to exactly match the name of an organisation as it appears in its incorporation documents. Furthermore, the account name input fields of financial institutions don't accept the apostrophe as a valid character, causing deposits to bounce if the entered name does not match the account name. Hence for practical reasons the apostrophe remains omitted in spite of the grammatical error.
Projects
Big Win Project
The first Big Win project aims to collect AU$5 million initially, with the aim of using this money to enable the first stage of building a 50 MegaWatt solar thermal and storage plant, including planning, the purchase of land and auxiliary power.
Quick Win Projects
CORENA also co-ordinates a series of Quick Win projects that provide interest-free loans, consisting of money collected through donations, to nonprofit community groups to install solar power or solar hot water systems and/or for energy efficiency measures.
References
External links
Non-profit organisations based in South Australia
Solar energy organizations |
The Tejo Power Station was a thermoelectric power plant owned by the Companhias Reunidas de Gás e Electricidade (CRGE – United Gas and Electric Companies), which supplied power to the city and entire Lisbon region.
It is located in the Belém district of Portugal's capital and its activity spanned from 1909 to 1972, although as of 1951 it was used as a reserve power station. Over time, it underwent several adjustments and expansions, going through many different phases of construction and production.
It now houses the Museu da Electricidade (Electricity Museum)
Introduction
The original Tejo Power Station, whose buildings no longer exist, was built in 1909 and operated until 1921. In 1914, construction began on the low pressure boiler buildings and the machinery room, which were later expanded several times. Finally, in 1941 construction on the high pressure boiler building took place, the power station's largest structure, which was expanded in 1951 with the addition of another boiler.
Despite operating for the last time in 1972, it was only officially shut down in 1975, thus proving its great importance to the city of Lisbon as industrial archaeological heritage. For this reason, in 1986 it was classified as an Asset of Public Interest. Since 1990, the Tejo Power Station is open as the Electricity Museum.
History
The buildings built in 1909, and which no longer exist, comprised the original Tejo Power Station, which remained operational until 1921. It was designed and projected by engineer Lucien Neu, and construction was undertaken by the company Vieillard & Touzet (the latter, Fernand Touzet, a disciple of Gustave Eiffel).
For years, the machinery was altered in order to increase the plant's output, and in 1912, when all the equipment was installed, the plant had fifteen small Belleville boilers and five generating sets with a 7,75MW output. From 1916 until being deactivated in 1921, it received steam from the new boilers installed in the current low pressure building, and was shut down, dismantled and used as storage space and workshops from that time until 1938, when it was demolished to make room for construction of the high pressure boiler building.
Low Pressure Phase
The low pressure naves began construction in 1914 and were completed in 1930, going through three very important construction phases. The first (from 1914 to 1921) included construction of two industrial naves for the boilers, the machinery room for the alternators and for the substation.
The second phase (from 1924 to 1928) included the first expansion of the boiler room with a new longitudinal nave, the purchase of a new generating set, construction of a coal distributor and the docks to the refrigeration circuit's channels.
Finally, it was in the third phase (from 1928 to 1930) that the final expansion was carried out on the boiler room–with a new industrial nave of greater proportions than the previous ones–the machinery room and the substation.
Thus, in the 1930s, the plant's boiler room included eleven low pressure boilers: ten Babcock & Wilcox and one Humboldt. The machinery room comprised five generating sets of varying outputs and brands: Escher & Wiss, AEG (two sets), Stal-Asea and Escher Wiss/Thompson.
High Pressure Phase
With the increased output from the two new AEG turbo-alternator sets installed in 1934, it was necessary to install new boilers that would operate with high pressure steam. Construction was carried out on property previously occupied by the original Tejo Power Station, which was demolished in 1938 to make way for construction of this new high pressure boiler building, the facility's most impressive structure. Inside, it housed three large Babcock & Wilcox high pressure boilers, which began operating in 1941.
With the destruction of the original Tejo Power Station and the installation of the high pressure boiler building, the need arose for space for workshops and storage space. Thus the CRGE purchased the properties adjoining the eastern side of the complex, where the old Senna Sugar Estates, Ltd. sugar refinery–owned by the Companhia de Açúcar de Moçambique (Mozambique Sugar Company) –used to operate. It was also necessary to create an auxiliary room for water treatment, which was installed inside the low pressure boiler building, thus dismantling the first two boilers.
In 1950 the high pressure boiler building was expanded to include another boiler, which began operating the following year and constituted the plant's final expansion.
Integration into the National Electric Grid
With the entry into force in 1944 of Law 2002 – the National Electrification Law, which made producing hydroelectric power an absolute priority, the Tejo Power Station took on a secondary role in the electricity sector due to the construction of the first major hydroelectric station, the Castelo do Bode dam, which began operating in 1951, gradually turning the Tejo Power Station into a reserve station.
Nonetheless, the Tejo Power Station operated without interruption between 1951 and 1968, except for in 1961. In 1972, as follow-up to an attempt against the Salazar regime, high voltage lines carrying electric power to Lisbon from the Castelo do Bode hydroelectric station were pulled down, and the Tejo Power Station was once again reactivated, producing electricity for the last time in its history. It was officially shut down in 1975.
The Tejo Power Station as an Electricity Museum
After closing and nationalising the electric companies, it was decided that this old thermoelectric power station should be given new life and reopened for cultural purposes. The first team responsible for the museum was formed in 1986, and in 1990 it opened its doors to the general public.
Between 2001 and 2005, the museum underwent profound restructuring, from the entire architectural heritage to the museographic content. Finally, in 2006 the museum reopened its doors, but with a new type of museology which was much more educational and dynamic.
Architectural Ensemble
After continuous transformations and expansions over the years, the Tejo Power Station's architectural ensemble represents the masterful conservation of a large manufacturing structure from the first half of the 20th century.
The entire set of buildings is in perfect aesthetic harmony thanks to the use of an iron structure covered in brick on all the structures. Despite this, there are differences in style between the low pressure naves and the high pressure building.
Operation
The operating principle of a thermoelectric power station is based on the burning of fuel to produce vapour which then turns an electric current generator. In theory, this is simple to carry out, but in practice it requires a complex combination of machines, circuits and logistics.
At the Tejo Power Station, the main fuel was coal, which arrived by river and was unloaded into the square with the same name in order to then be deposited in the crusher and sent to the mixing silos. From there, the coal was fed onto the conveyor belt running along the top of the building, and dropped onto the combustion belt inside the furnace. There it was burnt at a temperature of approximately 1200 °C.
The heat thereby generated would turn the water passing through the boiler's inner tubes into steam, which was then carried to the turbo-alternators. The water used here travelled in a closed circuit and was chemically pure. For this, it went through a purification and filtering process to avoid deteriorating the station's equipment.
Thus, the steam would travel in the tubes at high pressure (38 kg/cm2) to the generating sets, where the turbine would transform the steam's thermal energy into mechanical energy, and the alternator would transform the mechanical energy it received from the turbine into electric power, producing a 10.500 V triphasic electric current with a 50 Hz frequency, which after passing through the plant's substation, was distributed among consumers.
In turn, after running the turbines, the steam was sent to the condensers where it was turned back into water in order to be reused in the boilers. The hot steam returned to its liquid state through contact with the cold walls of the condenser's inner tubes, which carried water from the Tagus river. For that reason, the river water never came into direct contact with the purified water used as work fluid. From the condenser, the water was pumped back to the boilers, thereby closing the cycle.
The Plant’s Working Conditions
The plant's operation would have been impossible without the people who worked there for generations. It was necessary to have a strict division of tasks and a shift work system in order to guarantee the station operated without interruption.
The close to five hundred workers who laboured all day and night fulfilled more than forty-five different roles. Those jobs ranged from coal unloaders to the most specialised engineers and technicians, with workers in the boiler rooms and carpentry and ironwork workshops in between.
The hardest jobs were those involving coal burning, both in the boiler room and in the boiler dust (ash) room, with workers having to endure extremely high temperatures due to the coal burning inside the boilers, the dust originating from combustion and the deafening noise throughout the entire work shift. Even so, it was the boiler room that occupied the largest number of workers and had the greatest number of different tasks. It was here that the chief technical Engineer, technical engineers, head operators, sub-head operators, operators, stokers and workers (boiler dust extraction), all endured extremely harsh working conditions, especially the latter.
Value of the Heritage
The Tejo Power Station has huge heritage value, not only in architectural or archaeological terms, but also from a historic, social, anthropological and economic perspective.
The heritage left behind throughout the power station's activity is undeniable. It was the main power station in Lisbon and Portugal until the mid-20th century. Its reach covered the entire city and the Tagus Valley, lighting up streets and homes and providing factories with power. Without the Tejo Power Station, Lisbon's history would have been very different. It was the invisible factor in the city's growth and expansion in the 20th century, the cornerstone for regional industrialisation and the first electrified railway line in the country (Lisbon – Cascais).
At the same time, the Tejo Power Station was crucial to Lisbon's modernisation. Several generations worked and suffered by the boilers so that others could turn on the lights in their homes, walk through artificially lit streets at night, or travel comfortably in electric trams that climbed Lisbon's precipitous slopes.
Aside from that, within the station's complex, there is also a set of assets that, by remaining intact, made this old thermoelectric power plant survive the deindustrialisation of the Belém district, thus making it unique in the country and perhaps all of Europe.
Real estate assets. The Tejo Power Station manufacturing plant (classified as an Asset of Public Interest since 1986), with the low pressure and machinery room structures (1914-1930), high pressure and water room structures (1938-1951), and the plant's numerous workshops, whose set of buildings (which once belonged to the old sugar refinery and date back to the end of the 19th-beginning of the 20th century) are today the museum's Documentation Centre and Storage.
Movable property. The museum currently houses four Babcock & Wilcox high pressure boilers dated 1941 and 1951 and two AEG turbo alternators dated 1942 with the respective condensers. Furthermore, there are coolers, circuit-breakers and measuring apparatuses in the machinery room, blowers, filters, pumps and distillers in the water room, all dating back to the 1940s. Other items include coal bucket elevators, trolleys, silos and carpentry and ironwork materials. In the storage and garden areas, there are also generator sets from other power plants, speed regulators, valves and several items associated with Lisbon’s public lighting, as well as household appliances of various periods, types and categories.
Bibliography
BARBOSA, Pires, CRUZ, Luís, FARIA, Fernando, A Central Tejo: A fábrica que electrificou Lisboa, Museu da Electricidade and ed. Bizânzio, Lisboa, 2007
COSTA, Vítor, “Central Tejo. Breve resumo da sua evolução e dos seus processos tecnológicos (1906-1972)”, in Revista Arqueologia & Indústria, (2-3), pp. 149–160, Associação Portuguesa de Arqueologia Industrial (APAI), Lisboa, 1999/2000
SANTOS, António, “Arquitectura de Tijolo e Indústria. A Introdução do Tijolo Sílico Calcário em Portugal (1903-1913)”, in Revista Arqueologia & Indústria, (1), pp. 101–114, Associação Portuguesa de Arqueologia Industrial (APAI), Lisboa, 1998
SANTOS, António, “A Arquitectura da Electricidade em Portugal (1906-1911)”, in Revista Arqueologia & Indústria, (2-3), pp. 123–148, Associação Portuguesa de Arqueologia Industrial (APAI), Lisboa, 1999/2000
Revista Indústria Portuguesa, nº. 101, 118, 153, 164, 171 and 179
Wikienergia. Categories and subcategories from Central Tejo, Museu da Electricidade, Acervo and Centro de Documentação. Consulted in May 2010
See also
Industrial heritage
Thermal power station
External links
Wikienergia. Category Central Tejo
Patrimonial card/IGESPAR
Tejo Power
Tejo Power
Industrial archaeological sites
Tejo Power
Tejo Power
Tejo Power |
Taitou (台头镇) could refer to four towns in China:
Taitou, Shouguang, in Shouguang City, Shandong
Taitou, Xiangning County, in Xiangning County, Shanxi
Taitou, Gaocun, in Wuqing District, Tianjin
Taitou, Jinghai County, in Jinghai County, Tianjin
See also
Taitō: alternate romanization of Taitou in Japanese |
Damien Christensen (born 16 October 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League. Christensen played 17 games for the Geelong Football Club. After his playing career, Christensen has coached the Geelong Falcons and the Box Hill Hawks
Christensen's brother Marty and nephew Allen have also played for Geelong.
References
External links
Living people
1963 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Geelong Football Club players
Lara Football Club players
Box Hill Football Club coaches |
Charlotte Saumaise de Chazan (1619–1684), also spelled Saumaize de Chazan and also known as Madame de Brégy, was a poet, one of the Précieuses and lady in waiting to Queen Anne of Austria.
Biography
Charlotte Saumaise de Chazan was born in Paris in 1619, the daughter of a secretary to Gaston, Duke of Orléans, Bégnine de Saumaise and one of the queen's maids, Marguerite Anne Hébert. Her uncle was also the scientist Claude Saumaise and it was he who looked after her education until Marie de Medici took over.
She was married at the age of 14 to Lieutenant General Nicolas de Flécelles, Count de Brégy. de Chazan had a number of pregnancies which gave her four children, Anne-Marie, Élisabeth, Jean-Baptiste and Léonor. Her husband was away for most of their marriage. de Chazan was granted a separation of property(1651) and of body (1673). Her legal cases around this divorce created huge discussions among the Salon circles about the obligation of women to marry and bear children. The stories published at the time about women who left their families behind fueled several books. de Chazan left everything to Elisabeth.
De Chazan was a poet, known amongst the Précieuses as Belarmis and Belinde. She was occasionally employed to write verses by Louis XIV while she worked as Lady in waiting to Queen Anne of Austria. de Chazon wrote with the great names of Europe including to the Queens of England and particularly with Christina of Sweden, the Countess of Soissons, the Archbishop of Paris, and Monsieur, younger brother of the King of France. When the Queen died in 1666, de Chazon remained close to Philippe d'Orléans. She was included in the collection of verbal portraits gathered by Mademoiselle de Montpensier in 1659 and composed epigrams with Henriette de Coligny de La Suze. She died at the Palais-Royal on 13 April 1684 and was buried with her husband at St Gervais.
Bibliography
La Sphère de la lune composée de la tête de la femme (1992)
Lettres et poésies de Madame la Comtesse de Brégy (1668)
Les Œuvres galantes de Madame la comtesse de B. (de Brégy.) (1667)
Les Lettres et poésies de Madame la Comtesse de B. (1666)
La Sphere de la lune, composée de la teste de la femme (1658)
Les Lettres et poésies with Charlotte Saumaize de Chazan Brégy (comtesse de, 1619-1693) as Autre
Cinq Questions d'amour, proposées par Madame de Brégy, avec la réponse en vers par M. Quinault, par l'ordre du Roy
Le Point du Jour, Air, gracieusement. (1770)
References and sources
1619 births
1684 deaths
17th-century French poets
French women poets
Household of Anne of Austria
French ladies-in-waiting |
William Robinson (1799–1839) was an English portrait-painter.
Life
William Robinson was a native of Leeds, where he was born in 1799. He was at first apprenticed to a clock-dial enameller, but came to London in 1820, and was entered as a student at the Royal Academy. Robinson was also admitted to work in the studio of Sir Thomas Lawrence.
About 1823 he returned to Leeds, and obtained a very considerable practice there and in the neighbourhood. He was commissioned to paint some large full-length portraits for the United Service Club in London, including one of the Duke of Wellington. He likewise drew small portraits, the heads being carefully finished, and the remainder lightly touched after the manner of Henry Edridge.
He died at Leeds in August 1839, in his fortieth year.
Works
Edinburgh (Scottish National Portrait Gallery): John Arbuthnot (oil on canvas).
References
Citations
Bibliography
Cust, L. H. and Houliston, L. R. (2004). "Robinson, William (1799–1838), portrait painter". In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.
Oliver, Valerie Cassel, ed. (2011). "Robinson, William I". In Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press.
1799 births
1839 deaths
19th-century English painters
English portrait painters |
John William Gofman (21 September 1918 – 15 August 2007) was an American scientist and advocate. He was Professor Emeritus of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California at Berkeley.
Gofman pioneered the field of clinical lipidology, and in 2007 was honored by the Journal of Clinical Lipidology with the title of "Father of Clinical Lipidology". With Frank T. Lindgren and other research associates, Gofman discovered and described three major classes of plasma lipoproteins, fat molecules that carry cholesterol in the blood. The team he led at the Donner Laboratory went on to demonstrate the role of lipoproteins in the causation of heart disease.
Gofman was instrumental in inducing the health-physics scientific community both to acknowledge the cancer risks of ionizing radiation and to adopt the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model as a means of estimating actual cancer risks from low-level radiation and as the foundation of the international guidelines for radiation protection. However, his conclusions were that the dose-response relationship was not linear, but supra-linear.
Gofman's earliest research was in nuclear physics and chemistry, in close connection with the Manhattan Project. He codiscovered several radioisotopes, notably uranium-233 and its fissionability; he was the third person ever to work with plutonium and, having devised an early process for separating plutonium from fission products at J. Robert Oppenheimer's request, he was the first chemist ever to try and isolate milligram quantities of plutonium.
In 1963 Gofman established the Biomedical Research Division for the Livermore National Laboratory, where he was on the cutting edge of research into the connection between chromosomal abnormalities and cancer.
Later in life, Gofman took on a role as an advocate warning of dangers involved with nuclear power. From 1971 on, he was Chairman of the Committee for Nuclear Responsibility. He was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "his pioneering work in exposing the health effects of low-level radiation" on the Chernobyl disaster's area population.
In his 1996 book Gofman claimed that exposure to medical x-rays was responsible for about 75 percent of breast cancers in the United States. This order of magnitude appears to correlate with the increase in breast-cancer incidence following mammography screening in the US and France.
Nuclear research
John Gofman graduated from Oberlin College with a bachelor's in chemistry in 1939, and received a doctorate in nuclear and physical chemistry from Berkeley in 1943, where he worked as a graduate student under Glenn T. Seaborg, the discoverer of plutonium and later a chairman of the US Atomic Energy Commission. In his PhD dissertation, Gofman described the discovery of radioisotopes protactinium-232, uranium-232, protactinium-233, as well as uranium-233 and the characterization of its fissionability. Seaborg had a very high opinion of Gofman : he called Gofman one of his "most brilliant students" when, in 1963, he appointed him to head the Biomedical Research Division at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; he wrote that his PhD dissertation was "very brilliant".
Gofman shared three patents with collaborators on their discoveries :
n° 3,123,535 (Glenn T. Seaborg, John W. Gofman, Raymond W. Stoughton): The slow and fast neutron fissionability of uranium-233, with its application to production of nuclear power or nuclear weapons.
n° 2,671,251 (John W. Gofman, Robert E. Connick, Arthur C. Wahl): The sodium uranyl acetate process for the separation of plutonium in irradiated fuel from uranium and fission products.
n° 2,912,302 (Robert E. Connick, John W. Gofman, George C. Pimentel): The columbium oxide process for the separation of plutonium in irradiated fuel from uranium and fission products.
Gofman later became the group co-leader of the Plutonium Project, an offshoot of the Manhattan Project.
Medical research
Dr. Gofman earned his medical degree from the University of California, San Francisco, in 1946. After that, he and his collaborators investigated the body's lipoproteins, which contain both proteins and fats, and their circulation within the bloodstream. The researchers described low-density and high-density lipoproteins and their roles in metabolic disorders and coronary disease. This work continued throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s.
At Livermore : taking on the US Atomic Energy Commission
Establishment of LLNL's Medical Department
At the request of Ernest Lawrence, Gofman established the Medical Department at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in early 1954 and acted as the medical director until 1957 roughly two days a week while teaching at Berkeley the rest of the time.
Establishment of LLNL's Biomedical Research Division
AEC's response to public outcry
In 1962, the US had resumed atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons at the Nevada test site in 1962. The State of Utah had set up its own network of monitoring facilities to test milk for radioiodine, since "data pertaining to the safety of the citizens of Utah was not forthcoming from the AEC", and the levels of radioactivity were found to be close to the limits prescribed by the Federal Radiation Council. The Commissioners of the AEC were "on the hot seat" and announced "a comprehensive, long-range program" to explore the effects of man-made radioactivity "upon plants, animals and human beings". At the request of the US Atomic Energy Commission and of LLNL's director John Foster, Gofman reluctantly accepted to establish the Biomedical Research Division for the LLNL in 1963. He served as the first director of the LLNL biomedical research division from 1963 to 1965 and as one of the nine associate directors of the entire lab until 1969.
Immediate moves to hinder the Biomedical Research program
The AEC had acted too fast in response to public outcry : one of the five Commissioners, James T. Ramey, had not been consulted before announcing the establishment of the Biomedical Research Division. Gofman reported that "Apparently it would have been too embarrassing, with the extensive AEC publicity about the program, to cancel it outright. Instead, the budget was cut even from the low starting value and we were given to understand, in no uncertain terms, that the program was not going to be supported at the level required to do the tasks outlined originally." However, Gofman and colleagues "accepted the reduced program, knowing that [they] could certainly still do much of the important work on radiation hazards."
After the atmospheric test ban treaty was signed in June 1963 and the public pressure on AEC was released, "[t]he Joint Committee on Atomic Energy struck from the AEC budget the funds that were to be used to construct a Bio-Medical complex at Livermore. This was tantamount to the JCAE stating that the Livermore Bio-Medical Program was unnecessary, for without facilities to work in it was hard to envision much of a program being possible." LLNL's director John Foster and Gofman had to struggle to obtain the initially promised funds.
The Knapp report on radioiodine from fallout in milk
In 1959, the geneticist Edward B. Lewis computed that children exposed to fallout from nuclear tests may have received very high doses of radioactivity from iodine-131 in cow milk. His estimates prompted the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy to request that the AEC produce a report on the risks of short-lived isotopes. In 1960, Harold A. Knapp, a mathematician working within the AEC Division of Biology and Medicine's Fallout Studies Branch, authored this report, but since it was finished during an international moratorium on atmospheric nuclear tests, it had no notable impact. Then, in 1962, while the USSR and the USA had resumed nuclear tests and the Limited Test Ban Treaty was being prepared in response to huge international pressure, Knapp took on the task of estimating the radioiodine exposure of Americans before 1958, at a time when milk was not monitored. Knapp conclusions were alarming, and blatantly departed from preceding AEC's reassurances that the public had never been exposed to harmful levels of radioactivity. He "showed that, from just one 1953 test, infants who had been living in a radiation hotspot around St. George, Utah, might well have received I-131 doses anywhere from 150 to 750 times existing annual permissible doses."
Beginning in fall 1962, the AEC resorted to diverse pretexts to block the publication of Knapp's findings. In spring 1963, Gofman, was solicited to participate in a so-called "Ad Hoc Working Group on Radioiodine and the Environment" assembled by AEC's Division of Operational Safety's director, Gordon Dunning. Gofman reported that "In essence, the message to [this] Committee […] was « How can we stop this report - a report which will, in effect, make the AEC reports over the past 10 years look untrue? »". In spite of AEC's Headquarters' objections, the committee recommended publication of Knapp's report, which was finally published by the AEC in June 1963, followed by a summary in Nature.
Gofman and Tamplin
In 1964, Gofman raised questions about a lack of data on low-level radiation and also proposed a wide-ranging study of exposure in medicine and the workplace at a symposium for nuclear scientists and engineers. This helped start a national inquiry into the safety of atomic power. With his colleague Dr. Arthur R. Tamplin, Dr. Gofman then looked at health studies of the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as other epidemiological studies, and conducted research on radiation's influences on human chromosomes. The two scientists suggested that federal safety guidelines for low-level exposures be reduced by 90 percent in 1969. The Atomic Energy Commission contested the findings, and "the furor made Dr. Gofman a reluctant figurehead of the anti-nuclear movement" according to The New York Times. In 1970, he testified in favor of a bill to ban commercial nuclear reactors in New York City and told the City Council that a reactor in an urban environment would be "equal in the opposite direction to all the medical advances put together in the last 25 years."
Gofman's major contribution to radiation-safety science
Gofman and Tamplin were instrumental in inducing the health physics scientific community both to acknowledge the somatic (i.e. leukemia and cancer) risks of ionizing radiation, at a time when only the genetic risks were considered of significant concern, and to adopt the so-called Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model "as a means of numerically estimating actual cancer risks from low-level radiation", which "was a watershed event in radiation-safety science and politics". The LNT model has since become the foundation of the international guidelines for radiation protection.
Indeed, it was Gofman and Tamplin's argumented opposition to the Federal Radiation Council (FRC) radiation-safety guidelines who prompted the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), on the recommendation made in December 1969 by Victor Bond, "a prominent health physicist and chairman of the NAS-NRC Subcommittee on Radiobiology of the Committee on Nuclear Science", to gather its first BEIR (Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation) committee. According to an internal memo cited by Semendeferi, the BEIR I committee was to "thoroughly digest and carefully analyze various pertinent controversial models (Gofman and Tamplin)".
After two years of study, the BEIR I committee published its famous BEIR I report in November 1972. Although departing from Gofman and Tamplin's work on significant aspects, it nevertheless vindicated their arguments to a large extent. Semendeferi notes that "[t]he report's long bibliography cited almost all of Gofman and Tamplin's work. Echoing Gofman and Tamplin, the BEIR I Committee emphasized that the cancer effects of low-level radiation were of much greater concern than leukemia or genetic effects. The current radiation limit was "based on genetic considerations," and the committee concluded that the FRC limit was therefore "unnecessarily high" and could safely be much lower."
Semendeferi reports that, according to the radiobiologist and environmental health specialist Edward Radford, who was a member of the BEIR I committee and the chairman of the BEIR III committee, "Gofman deserved credit for raising the issue of the somatic ris's of low-level radiation as early as he did", but "never received the recognition he deserved for his contributions to radiation-safety science" because he was "stigmatized as an extreme antinuclear scientist".
Opposition to nuclear power
Gofman retired as a teaching professor in 1973 and became a professor emeritus of molecular and cell biology.
Gofman testified on the behalf of Samuel Lovejoy at Lovejoy's 1974 trial. Lovejoy was charged with malicious destruction of property for toppling a weather tower in Montague, Massachusetts, owned by Northeast Utilities. Lovejoy's actions were an act of protest against a proposed nuclear power plant, Montague Nuclear Power Plant, to be built on Montague Plains. Lovejoy was inspired by Gofman's book, Poisoned Power.
Gofman used his low-level radiation health model to predict 333 excess cancer or leukemia deaths from the 1979 Three Mile Island accident. Studies of the health effects of the Three Mile Island accident have so far (by 2013) not observed any excess mortality. A retrospective study of Pennsylvania Cancer Registry found an increased incidence of thyroid cancer in counties south of TMI and in high-risk age groups. The Talbott lab at the University of Pittsburgh reported finding only a few, small, mostly statistically non-significant, increased cancer risks within the TMI population. However, excess leukemia among males was observed. The ongoing TMI epidemiological research has been accompanied by a discussion of epidemiological methodology, such as problems in dose and illness classifications.
Three months after the Chernobyl disaster, Gofman predicted that Chernobyl would cause "475,000 fatal cancers plus about
an equal number of additional non-fatal cases, occurring over time both inside and outside the ex-Soviet Union". In contrast, even some 19 years later in September 2005, an official UN IAEA report claimed 4,000 deaths as the final estimated toll from Chernobyl. In their 2006 book Alexey V. Yablokov and other Russian and East European researchers estimated that Chernobyl caused a million deaths through 2004, nearly 170,000 of them in North America. The book's English translation Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment was published by the New York Academy of Sciences in 2009. The book cites "5,000 mainly Slavic-language scientific papers the IAEA overlooked", notwithstanding the fact that 13 of the authors of the Chernobyl Forum were from Ukraine, Russia or Belarus. M. I. Balonov criticized the methodology of the book. M. I. Balonov criticized the methodology of the book's estimation of Chernobyl's excess deaths and radiation-induced health effects and claimed the numbers were exaggerations which "could lead quite unnecessarily to a panic reaction". Rosalie Bertell has asserted the above estimates of Gofman (1986) and Yablokov (2006) are too conservative.
After a speech Gofman gave on nuclear waste at a national conference of activists in the summer of 1990, Charles Butler approached him for help. Butler was a retired physicist living in the Mojave Desert town of Needles, California, and was looking for help to stop the proposed low-level nuclear waste facility at Ward Valley. Gofman referred him to the Abalone Alliance Clearinghouse in San Francisco. With less than two weeks before the closure of the Environmental Impact Statement, the Alliance was able to mount a letter writing campaign that helped delay the EIS for an additional 90 days. This initial delay gave activists the time to form Don't Waste California and build a grassroots campaign that eventually stopped Ward Valley from opening.
Gofman also did work on the Diablo Canyon Power Plant.
Support to nuclear deterrence
Gofman considered that "nuclear deterrence is important", for he did not believe that comprehensive test bans were enforceable; thus he favored underground atomic bomb tests while acknowledging that "They are harmful, a little will leak out. A small number of people will get hurt." He claimed "I don't understand the disarmament movement". More precisely, he was of the opinion that if the US were to disarm unilaterally, "the Soviet leaders may well try to make [the US] a slave state. […] There will surely never be a solution to human problems by any coercion or force. But there will also never be a solution through unarmed freedom as long as powerful bullies exist who will use force."
Birth and death
Gofman was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Jewish parents, David and Sarah Gofman, who immigrated to the US from czarist Russia in about 1905. His father had been "involved in some of the early revolutionary activities against the Czar." Gofman died of heart failure at age 88 on August 15, 2007, in his home in San Francisco.
Bibliography
Dietary Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, (with E. Virginia Dobbin and Alex V. Nichols), 256 pages, 1958, Putnam
What we do know about heart attacks, 180 pages, 1958, Putnam
Coronary heart disease, 363 pages, 1959, Charles C. Thomas
Population control through nuclear pollution,(with Arthur R. Tamplin, Ph.D.) 242 pages, 1970, Nelson Hall Co.
Poisoned Power, The Case Against Nuclear Power Plants Before and After Three Mile Island (with Arthur R. Tamplin, Ph.D.), 1971, 1979
Irrevy: an irreverent, illustrated view of nuclear power, 1979, Committee for Nuclear Responsibility,
Radiation And Human Health, 908 pages, 1981
X-Rays: Health Effects of Common Exams (with Egan O'Connor), 439 pages, 1985
Radiation-Induced Cancer From Low-Dose Exposure: An Independent Analysis 480 pages, 1990
Chernobyl Accident: Radiation Consequences for This and Future Generations, 574 pages, 1994
Preventing Breast Cancer: The Story of a Major, Proven, Preventable Cause of this Disease 1996
Radiation from Medical Procedures in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Ischemic Heart Disease: Dose-Response Studies with Physicians per 100,000 Population 1999
Awards
Gold-Headed Cane Award, University of California Medical School, 1946, presented to the graduating senior who most fully personifies the qualities of a "true physician."
Modern Medicine Award, 1954, for outstanding contributions to heart disease research.
The Lyman Duff Lectureship Award of the American Heart Association in 1965, for research in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease; lecture published in 1966 as "Ischemic Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Longevity," in Circulation 34: 679–697.
The Stouffer Prize (shared) 1972, for outstanding contributions to research in arteriosclerosis.
American College of Cardiology, 1974; selection as one of twenty-five leading researchers in cardiology of the past quarter-century.
University of California, Berkeley, Bancroft Library, 1988; announcement of the "Gofman Papers" established in the History of Science and Technology Special Collection (October 1988, Bancroftiana, No. 97: 10–11).
Right Livelihood Award, 1992
Honored Speaker for the Meeting of the Arteriosclerosis Section of the American Heart Association, 1993
See also
Linus Pauling
Alice Stewart
Ernest Sternglass
Linear no-threshold model
Edward B. Lewis
References
External links
"Who was John Gofman", Lipid Luminations, radio interview with W. Virgil Brown, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Clinical Lipidology
Obituary in The Times
John Gofman, anti-nuclear activist & lipid researcher, has died, Berkeley Obituary
Curriculum Vitae
Committee for Nuclear Responsibility
John Gofman's online papers and books
US DOE Office of Human Radiation Experiments, Oral history of Dr. John W. Gofman
California Monthly: A Conversation with Dr. John Gofman, 1993
Right Livelihood Award citation
Los Angeles Times obituary
San Francisco Chronicle obituary
John Gofman's Nuclear Courage
Gofman on the health effects of radiation
1918 births
2007 deaths
Scientists from Cleveland
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
20th-century American chemists
American molecular biologists
Nuclear chemists
Discoverers of chemical elements
American medical researchers
Radiation health effects researchers
American anti–nuclear power activists
Jewish American scientists
Manhattan Project people
Oberlin College alumni
Activists from Ohio
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews
University of California, Berkeley faculty |
The Treaty of New York (1796) was a treaty signed on May 31, 1796, after negotiations in the City of New York between the United States and the Seven Nations of Canada. Under it, the Native Americans in question gave up, for compensation, all claim to land in New York State. There were three signed copies: for New York State, the United States, and the indigenous peoples. The United States copy was lost in the fire of 1800 that destroyed the records of the Department of War (the National Archives did not exist until 1934), codified in 1845 in Volume 7 of the United States Statutes at Large as , land cession area enumerated as "28" by Charles C. Royce ("Royce Area 28") in 1899, then placed in a compendium published by the Government Printing Office in a 1904 volume of Indian treaties. In the New York State Archives are receipts from the Seven Nations for money paid under the treaty.
References
External links
Text of the Treaty
History of New York (state)
1796 in New York (state)
British North America
18th-century Native Americans
Canada–United States treaties
Indigenous peoples in Canada
1796 in Canada |
Walter Dudley Reed (June 1, 1924 – July 28, 2022) was a major general in the United States Air Force. He was the United States Air Force Judge Advocate General from 1977 to 1980. He held law degrees from the Drake University Law School as well as McGill University, and also attended The Hague Academy of International Law in the Netherlands. Reed died on July 28, 2022, at the age of 98.
References
1924 births
2022 deaths
American expatriates in the Netherlands
Drake University Law School alumni
McGill University alumni
Military personnel from Iowa
People from Dallas County, Iowa
The Hague Academy of International Law people
United States Air Force generals |
```xml
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Code } from '@domain/code';
import { CountryService } from '@service/countryservice';
interface AutoCompleteCompleteEvent {
originalEvent: Event;
query: string;
}
@Component({
selector: 'autocomplete-template-demo',
template: ` <app-docsectiontext>
<p><i>item</i> template allows displaying custom content inside the suggestions panel. The local ng-template variable passed to the ng-template is an object in the suggestions array.</p>
</app-docsectiontext>
<div class="card flex justify-content-center">
<p-autoComplete [(ngModel)]="selectedCountryAdvanced" [suggestions]="filteredCountries" (completeMethod)="filterCountry($event)" field="name" placeholder="Search">
<ng-template let-country pTemplate="item">
<div class="flex align-items-center gap-2">
<img src="path_to_url" [class]="'flag flag-' + country.code.toLowerCase()" style="width: 18px" />
<div>{{ country.name }}</div>
</div>
</ng-template>
</p-autoComplete>
</div>
<app-code [code]="code" selector="autocomplete-template-demo"></app-code>`
})
export class TemplateDoc {
countries: any[] | undefined;
selectedCountryAdvanced: any[] | undefined;
filteredCountries: any[] | undefined;
constructor(private countryService: CountryService) {}
ngOnInit() {
this.countryService.getCountries().then((countries) => {
this.countries = countries;
});
}
filterCountry(event: AutoCompleteCompleteEvent) {
let filtered: any[] = [];
let query = event.query;
for (let i = 0; i < (this.countries as any[]).length; i++) {
let country = (this.countries as any[])[i];
if (country.name.toLowerCase().indexOf(query.toLowerCase()) == 0) {
filtered.push(country);
}
}
this.filteredCountries = filtered;
}
code: Code = {
basic: `<p-autoComplete
[(ngModel)]="selectedCountryAdvanced"
[suggestions]="filteredCountries"
(completeMethod)="filterCountry($event)"
field="name">
<ng-template let-country pTemplate="item">
<div class="flex align-items-center gap-2">
<img
src="path_to_url"
[class]="'flag flag-' + country.code.toLowerCase()"
style="width: 18px" />
<div>{{ country.name }}</div>
</div>
</ng-template>
</p-autoComplete>`,
html: `<div class="card flex justify-content-center">
<p-autoComplete
[(ngModel)]="selectedCountryAdvanced"
[suggestions]="filteredCountries"
(completeMethod)="filterCountry($event)"
field="name">
<ng-template let-country pTemplate="item">
<div class="flex align-items-center gap-2">
<img
src="path_to_url"
[class]="'flag flag-' + country.code.toLowerCase()"
style="width: 18px" />
<div>{{ country.name }}</div>
</div>
</ng-template>
</p-autoComplete>
</div>`,
typescript: `import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { SelectItemGroup } from 'primeng/api';
import { CountryService } from '@service/countryservice';
import { AutoCompleteModule } from 'primeng/autocomplete';
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
interface AutoCompleteCompleteEvent {
originalEvent: Event;
query: string;
}
@Component({
selector: 'autocomplete-template-demo',
templateUrl: './autocomplete-template-demo.html',
standalone: true,
imports: [FormsModule, AutoCompleteModule],
providers: [CountryService]
})
export class AutocompleteTemplateDemo {
countries: any[] | undefined;
selectedCountryAdvanced: any[] | undefined;
filteredCountries: any[] | undefined;
constructor(private countryService: CountryService) {}
ngOnInit() {
this.countryService.getCountries().then((countries) => {
this.countries = countries;
});
}
filterCountry(event: AutoCompleteCompleteEvent) {
let filtered: any[] = [];
let query = event.query;
for (let i = 0; i < (this.countries as any[]).length; i++) {
let country = (this.countries as any[])[i];
if (country.name.toLowerCase().indexOf(query.toLowerCase()) == 0) {
filtered.push(country);
}
}
this.filteredCountries = filtered;
}
}`,
service: ['CountryService'],
data: `
//CountryService
{
"name": "Afghanistan",
"code": "AF"
}
...`
};
}
``` |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var isFunction = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-function' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Tests if a value is iterator-like.
*
* @param {*} value - value to test
* @returns {boolean} boolean indicating whether value is iterator-like
*
* @example
* var it = {
* 'next': function noop() {}
* };
* var bool = isIteratorLike( it );
* // returns true
*
* @example
* var bool = isIteratorLike( {} );
* // returns false
*
* @example
* var bool = isIteratorLike( null );
* // returns false
*/
function isIteratorLike( value ) {
var t = typeof value;
return (
value !== null &&
( t === 'object' || t === 'function' ) &&
isFunction( value.next )
);
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = isIteratorLike;
``` |
Gallito may refer to:
Crested gallito (Rhinocrypta lanceolata), a species of bird
Sandy gallito (Teledromas fuscus), a species of bird
Erythrina fusca, a species of flowering tree
Gallito (song), a song Jonathan Roberts danced to on Dancing with the Stars
El Gallito, a 2004 song by Aidan Girt
See also
Gallitos de Isabela, a nickname given to people from the city of Isabela, Puerto Rico
Sixto Escobar (1913–1979), first world boxing champion from Puerto Rico, nicknamed "Gallito de Isabela" |
Bacchisa holorufa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1968.
References
H
Beetles described in 1968 |
Mirsad Tuka (19 June 1965 – 11 July 2023) was a Bosnian actor. He made his film debut in the comedy-drama Holiday in Sarajevo (1991). He had since appeared in films such as Remake (2003), All for Free (2006), Cirkus Columbia (2010), The Abandoned (2010), Body Complete (2012), Ja sam iz Krajine, zemlje kestena (2013) and Take Me Somewhere Nice (2019).
Tuka also appeared in television series Složna braća (1996), Zabranjena ljubav (2005–2007) and, most notably, Lud, zbunjen, normalan (2008–2021) as police inspector Murga.
Personal life and death
Tuka married his wife Nerma in 1997, and together they had two sons.
Tuka died in Sarajevo on 11 July 2023, at the age of 58. He was buried in Sarajevo two days later, at the Bare Cemetery on 13 July.
Selected filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1965 births
2023 deaths
Actors from Tuzla
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
20th-century Bosnia and Herzegovina male actors
21st-century Bosnia and Herzegovina male actors
Bosnia and Herzegovina male film actors
Bosnia and Herzegovina male television actors
Bosnia and Herzegovina male stage actors
University of Belgrade Faculty of Dramatic Arts alumni |
Palazzolo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jack Palazzolo, Australian association football player
Jim Palazzolo, American football coach
Luigi Maria Palazzolo (1827–1886), Italian Roman Catholic priest
Tom Palazzolo (born 1937), American filmmaker, photographer and artist
Vito Roberto Palazzolo (born 1947), Italian businessman
Italian-language surnames |
UMPG may refer to:
Universal Music Publishing Group, a Vivendi subsidiary
University of Maine at Portland-Gorham, an American post-secondary institution |
Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas (20 April 1546 – 7 December 1618) was a Spanish bishop and cardinal who was Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1608 to 1618.
Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas was born in Aranda de Duero on 20 April 1546, the son of Hernando de Rojas y Sandoval and Maria Chacon Guevara. He was the second oldest of nine siblings. He was the uncle of Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma.
His uncle, Cristóbal de Rojas y Sandoval, Bishop of Oviedo granted him the tonsure on 13 November 1555.
He attended the University of Alcalá, where he studied under Ambrosio Morales and received his bachillerato on 18 June 1566; his licentiate on 25 October 1567 and a doctorate in arts on 3 November 1567. He became a canon of Seville Cathedral on 4 June 1574. His uncle, now Archbishop of Seville, made him subdeacon of El Escorial on 5 June 1576. During this period, he also attended the University of Salamanca, receiving a licentiate in theology on 24 July 1576.
In 1586, Philip II of Spain nominated him to be Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo and he was elected bishop by the cathedral chapter of Ciudad Rodrigo on 8 January 1586. He was consecrated by Cardinal Rodrigo de Castro Osorio, Archbishop of Seville, on 20 April 1586. He was translated to the see of Pamplona on 16 March 1588. He became Bishop of Jaén on 29 April 1596.
On 3 March 1599 Pope Clement VIII created him a cardinal priest. He became Archbishop of Toledo on 19 April 1599. He received his galero on 26 February 1601, at which time he was granted the titular church of Santa Anastasia. He did not participate in the two conclaves of 1605.
He was the Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1608 until his death in 1618.
He was the patron of many famous authors, including Miguel de Cervantes, Francisco de Quevedo, Lope de Vega, Luis de León, and Luis de Góngora.
He died suddenly in Madrid on 7 December 1618. He is buried in the Cathedral of Toledo.
References
Article on Spanish Wikipedia
Biographies of Cardinals
1546 births
1618 deaths
17th-century Spanish cardinals
Bishops of Pamplona
Bishops of Ciudad Rodrigo
Archbishops of Toledo
Grand Inquisitors of Spain
16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
Bishops of Jaén
University of Salamanca alumni |
George Ashby (1724–1808) was an English antiquary and sometime president of St John's College, Cambridge.
Life
Ashby was born in Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell, London in 1724. Educated at Croydon, Westminster, and Eton, he entered St John's College, Cambridge, on 30 October 1740, and took the degree of B.A., in 1744, of M.A. in 1748, when he was admitted fellow of St John's, and of B.D. in 1756. He was presented by a relative to the rectory of Hungerton, in Leicestershire, in 1754, and in 1759 to that of Twyford in the same county; he held both benefices in conjunction until 1767, when he resigned the former, and in 1769 he gave up the latter on his election to the presidency or vice-mastership of St John's College.
About 1775, when he became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, he appears to have resigned his official connection with Cambridge, where he supported academic reform too vigorously to obtain further preferment. Among other changes, he advocated the right of the fellows to marry. At the same time he accepted the college living of Barrow, Suffolk, to which John Ross, the bishop of Exeter, an intimate friend and patron of Ashby, added the rectory of Stansfield in 1780. In 1793 his sight began to fail, and shortly afterwards he became totally blind. He died of paralysis at Barrow on 12 June 1808, and was buried in the parish church, where a monument was erected to his memory.
Works
Although Ashby published little, his varied learning was the admiration of the best known literary antiquaries of the 18th century, all of whom he reckoned among his friends. He was intimate for some years with the poet Thomas Gray, and portions of his voluminous correspondence with Bishop Percy, Richard Gough, John Nichols, William Herbert, and the Rev. James Granger, were printed in John Nichols' Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century and in Granger's Letters. He dealt with a wide range of antiquarian topics there; in one letter he proposed an emendation of a line in Hamlet, in another he pointed out errors in the Biographia Britannica, which he had read from end to end, and in a third he discussed some vexed questions of numismatics.
He was a regular contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine; he added notes to Nichols's Literary Anecdotes under the initials of T. F. (Dr. Taylor's Friend); he greatly aided Nichols in his History of Leicestershire, to which he contributed an elaborate essay on the Roman Milliary at Leicester; and he gave material assistance to Daines Barrington, when preparing his Observations on the Statutes. He published a dissertation on a coin of Nerva newly discovered at Colchester in Archaeologia. Some volumes of his manuscript collections, together with numerous letters on antiquarian themes, are preserved among the Cole, Egerton, and Additional manuscripts at the British Library. They include notes on archery, an essay on parish registers, and extracts and notes on old English and French plays, of which the English plays are mainly early 16th-century interludes. His valuable library, which was bequeathed to Thomas Lyus, his amanuensis, was sold soon after his death to a bookseller at Bury, and was rapidly dispersed.
References
1724 births
1808 deaths
English antiquarians
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
People from Clerkenwell
People educated at Eton College
18th-century English writers
18th-century English male writers
18th-century antiquarians
19th-century antiquarians
18th-century English Anglican priests
19th-century English Anglican priests
18th-century English historians
19th-century English historians |
Steven Lewis Point, (Xwĕ lī qwĕl tĕl) (born July 28, 1951) is a Canadian academic administrator, criminal lawyer, and jurist. He is the current chancellor of the University of British Columbia. He served as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia from 2007 to 2012. He also served as the chair of the advisory committee on the safety and security of vulnerable women, a committee that provides community-based guidance to the implementation of the recommendations from the Missing Women Commission of Inquiry.
From 1975 to 1999, Point served as Chief of the Skowkale First Nation. From 1994 to 1999 he served as Tribal Chair of the Stó:lō Nation.
Education
Point attended the University of British Columbia, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in May, 1985, and was later a faculty member.
Career
From 1986 to 1989 he practiced criminal law and native law as a partner in the law firm of Point and Shirley. He worked for Citizenship and Immigration Canada as an immigration adjudicator for several years, starting in about 1989, at its refugee backlog office in Vancouver. In 1999, he became a British Columbia Provincial Court judge. On February 28, 2005, he became Chief Commissioner of the British Columbia Treaty Commission.
His appointment as Lieutenant Governor was announced on September 4, 2007, by Prime Minister Stephen Harper. He assumed his duties in a ceremony at the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia on October 1, 2007. As the Queen's viceroy in British Columbia, he was styled His Honour while in office and retains the style of The Honourable for life.
On December 17, 2012, Point was appointed chair of an Advisory Committee under a one-year contract that allowed him to bill up to $220,000 in that year. The position required him to assist the Minister of Justice to implement the recommendations dealing primarily with police reform and public safety made by Wally Oppal in his Inquiry Report released December 12, 2012. On May 17, 2013, Point resigned from his position as chair on the grounds that lawsuits commenced by the children of missing women prevented him from fulfilling his mandate. Members of the Advisory Committee and family members expressed doubt about this reason on the basis that Point had expressed his intention to resign before the children's lawsuits were filed, and on the basis that there is no logical or practical connection between his work as chair of the Advisory Committee and the lawsuits.
On February 20, 2014, Point was re-appointed as a provincial court judge, effective March 3, 2014. He retired from office on October 31, 2018.
On June 18, 2020, Point was introduced as the 19th Chancellor of the University of British Columbia, succeeding Lindsay Gordon from July 1, 2020.
In 2022, a residential street in Richmond, British Columbia, was renamed from Trutch Avenue to Point Avenue due to the racism associated with Joseph Trutch, the first lieutenant governor of British Columbia, and to honour Point.
Awards
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal, 2002
Order of British Columbia, 2007
Knight of The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, 2008
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, 2012
Honorary degrees
Point has received many honorary degrees in recognition of his service to British Columbia and to Canada. These include:
Honorary degrees
Arms
See also
Notable Aboriginal people of Canada
The Canadian Crown and Aboriginal peoples
References
Steven Point appointed B.C.’s new lieutenant-governor
Premier's Statement On New Lieutenant-Governor
Prime Minister announces appointment of Steven Point as Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia
British Columbia Treaty Commission - Commissioner Biographies
External links
Lieutenant Governor & Government House Website
1951 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian lawyers
20th-century First Nations people
21st-century Canadian lawyers
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century First Nations people
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
Canadian criminal lawyers
First Nations academics
First Nations judges
21st-century Canadian judges
First Nations lawyers
Indigenous leaders in British Columbia
Indspire Awards
Judges in British Columbia
Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
Lawyers in British Columbia
Lieutenant Governors of British Columbia
Members of the Order of British Columbia
People from Chilliwack
Peter A. Allard School of Law alumni
Sto:lo people |
The Cathance Water Tower is a historic water tower at Cathance Road and Beechwood Drive in Topsham, Maine. Probably built in the late 19th century, it is an extremely rare surviving example of a residential wooden water tower built for a single residence. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. It is now owned by the town.
Description and history
The Cathance Water Tower is located in a rural residential area of eastern Topsham, just east of the junction of Cathance Road and Beechwood Drive. It is a square wooden structure, about tall, with a base section that has slightly sloping walls finished in clapboards, and a wider top section finished in wooden shingles. It is topped by a hipped corrugated metal roof. There are two doors in the base and one window. One of the doors provides access to the inside stairwell, while the other provides access to a chamber where equipment for pumping water was housed. The upper section, which hangs over the lower one by , houses a wooden tank with a capacity of about .
The tower's construction date is uncertain, but has been reported as standing at this site since roughly the turn of the 20th century. It was probably built to supply water to the Rogers family farmstead, a 1770s farm property. The rest of the farm complex was destroyed by fire in 1978, and most of the farm was developed residentially afterward. The tower's tank was originally supplied by water from a nearby stream via a hydraulic ram, which was later replaced by an electrical pump. The town, which owns the tower and surrounding land, had hoped to recreate the original working mechanism.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sagadahoc County, Maine
References
Towers completed in 1875
Buildings and structures in Topsham, Maine
Water towers in the United States
Water towers on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Infrastructure completed in 1875
National Register of Historic Places in Sagadahoc County, Maine
1875 establishments in Maine |
Truxton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mohave County, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 104 at the 2020 census, down from 134 in 2010.
History and location
Truxton is in eastern Mohave County, along Arizona State Route 66, former U.S. Route 66. It is northeast of Kingman, the county seat, and west of Seligman.
The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad section across northern Arizona was built in the early 1880s, and later acquired by the Santa Fe (now BNSF Railway), and included a stop at Truxton. The name comes from Truxton Springs, found by Edward Fitzgerald Beale when surveying and a laying wagon road through Arizona in 1857-58, see Beale's Wagon Road. "Truxtun" (slightly different spelling) was a family name; his son was Truxtun Beale, and his mother's maiden name was Emily Truxtun, a daughter of Thomas Truxtun.
Modern Truxton began to grow in 1951 when a few people moved in on Route 66, just northeast of the railstop, in anticipation of the building of the proposed Bridge Canyon Dam which would be nearby and would generate commerce. Though the dam was never built, business grew from Route 66 traffic coming through the very sparsely populated area. When Interstate 40 opened in 1978 and bypassed this stretch of U.S. 66, it greatly reduced traffic and commerce in Truxton.
Education
The Valentine Elementary School District, which contains Truxton, has its single K-8 school in Truxton. The school has been there since 1969, and was previously in Valentine.
Demographics
References
Census-designated places in Mohave County, Arizona
Census-designated places in Arizona |
The South East Hampshire Bus Rapid Transit (also known as the Eclipse Busway) is a unguided busway between Gosport and Fareham in the county of Hampshire, the road itself is called Henry Cort Way and is named after an ironware producer. The busway scheme is sponsored by Hampshire County Council using the route of the former Fareham to Gosport Line to reduce congestion on the parallel A32 between the towns.
Overview
The busway follows the route of the disused railway from Redlands Lane to Rowner Road. It has 18 stops on the line with three connections in the middle of the line, being Palmerston Drive, Wych Lane and Tichborne Way. It runs under four bridges and passes through three towns. The maximum speed on the road is 40 mph (64 km/h) for all vehicles and has a restricted time between 05:45 and 23:15 where outside those times the busway is closed.
History
In 1998 Hampshire County Council and Portsmouth City Council proposed a Light Rail System to link Fareham and Portsmouth via Gosport. Funding of £170m was approved in 2001 but withdrawn in 2004, a decision that was confirmed in 2006. Following this decision, a cheaper, shorter BRT scheme was proposed which led to the creation of the South East Hampshire Bus Rapid Transit.
The route opened on 22 April 2012 with services provided by First Hampshire & Dorset with some of its routes being diverted to use the busway. One of its routes was rebranded to the "Eclipse" bus brand with custom interior specification on its own network of routes that uses the BRT. The "Eclipse" was later given Tap-on Tap-off technology which is compatible with contactless payment card methods.
In 2017, the Hampshire County Council announced plans to extend the busway further south. £1.4m was secured in partnership with Portsmouth City Council in March 2019 and later the same year, planning permission was granted to start work. The proposed extension would continue on from Tichborne Way and Hutfield Link to Rowner Road (B3334) in Gosport, following the old disused railway. A ramp would be made to link the busway to the Rowner Road bridge. Several public consultations on the extension were held in Gosport in May 2018 and in July 2019 in different venues.
The route extension was completed by December 2021 and the busway was extended from 2.8 km to 3.4 km with the new exit point being Rowner Road. Once the extension is complete, the busway operator would be expected to create a route to Daedalus, Hampshire and renew its fleet with new high specification, low emission buses.
Services
Two existing bus routes were replaced by the new Eclipse Bus Rapid Transit network and one was modified to use part of it. All routes are commercially operated by First Hampshire and Dorset.
Route E1/E2
The creation of the Eclipse routes E1 and E2 came as services 86, 82 and at peak times service X88 were diverted to use part of the busway between Wych Lane and Redlands Lane.
The E1 operates between Fareham Bus Station and Gosport Bus Station via Woodcot and Bridgemary (whilst on the busway), then Elson, Forton and Newtown, and Alverstoke. The services enters the BRT via Redlands Lane and uses the entire unguided track.
The E2 operates between Fareham Bus Station and Gosport Bus Station via Woodcot and Bridgemary (whilst on the busway), then Elson, Forton, Camdentown, Privett and Alverstoke. The services enters the BRT via Redlands Lane and uses the entire unguided track.
Both of these routes run a 10-minute frequency, or a 5-minute frequency combined between peak times. When the busway is closed during morning and evening times, both routes use the A32 instead until before continuing on its normal route off the busway.
Route 9/9A
On 18 November 2012 service 88 was replaced by the new 9/9A, which was modified to use the busway. This route isn't part of the Eclipse network, hence it doesn't have the custom specification buses put onto the E1/E2 routes.
Both services operate between Fareham Bus Station and Gosport Bus Station, via Woodcot, Bridgemary, Rowner, Privett and Alverstoke. They enter the busway at Redlands Lane and exit at Wych Lane in Woodcot. The routes split to serve different areas in Rowner, and re-join at Howe Road.
Both of these services run at a 40-minute frequency, or a 20-minute frequency combined between peak times. When the busway is closed during morning and evening times, both routes use the A32 instead before continuing on its normal route off the busway.
Gallery
References
Guided busways and BRT systems in the United Kingdom |
Maggie Butt is a British poet and novelist.
Background
Maggie Butt is an ex-journalist and BBC TV producer turned poet and novelist. Her latest poetry collection, everlove, was published in April 2021 by The London Magazine. Her novel, The Prisoner's Wife was published in 2020 under her maiden name Maggie Brookes. It was published by imprints of Penguin Random House in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, USA and Canada and also in the Czech Republic, Poland, Portugal, Mexico and the Netherlands.
She has been a Royal Literary Fund fellow and Associate Professor at Middlesex University, where she taught creative writing for 30 years. Her poetry has been published in international magazines and anthologies and been turned into choreography and a mobile phone app as well as set to music. She has judged many poetry competitions.
After completing an English degree, Maggie (then Brookes) became a newspaper reporter at the Kingsbridge Gazette , and Hendon Times moving to BBC TV as a documentary writer, producer and director. She later returned to her first love of poetry and fiction, completing a PhD in creative writing from Cardiff University.
Maggie Butt's first poetry pamphlet, Quintana Roo, was published by Acumen Publications in 2003. Her first full collection of poetry, Lipstick, was published in March 2007 by Greenwich Exchange; a launch event was held at Keats House in Hampstead, North London. Her edited collection of essays, Story - The Heart of the Matter, was also published by Greenwich Exchange in October 2007. An e-book and MP3, "I Am The Sphinx", were published by Snakeskin online poetry journal in 2009. Her collection of short poems, "petite", was published by Hearing Eye in 2010, and turned into a dance piece "Ashes" by choreographer Dr Lesley Main.
Ally Pally Prison Camp, published in June 2011 by Oversteps Books, charts the use of Alexandra Palace in North London as a 'concentration camp' for civilian enemy aliens during the First World War. It tells the story of the internees through black and white photographs, the paintings of internee George Kenner, extracts from memoirs and letters, and Maggie Butt's own poems. The poems and stories from Ally Pally Prison Camp have been recorded and brought alive for visitors to Alexandra Palace in a locative mobile phone app called Time Stood Still produced by Dr Helen Bendon.
Sancti Clandestini - Undercover Saints, published November 2012 by Ward-Wood Publications, is a fully illustrated poetry collection, which proposes some alternative, imaginary saints, including the Patron Saints of liars, looters, rank outsiders, compulsive hoarders, old dogs and infidel girls. These undercover Patron Saints were illustrated by the staff and students of Middlesex University's BA Hons Illustration course, from famous and established artists to emerging talents.'If the proof of a poem is in the richness of response it provokes, the illustrations here are that response made visible - a testimony to the subtle layers in this tender but incisive poetry.' Philip Gross
Degrees of Twilight was published by The London Magazine in July 2015. These poems use history, memory, work and travel as lenses to examine the inevitable pains and sharp pleasures at the heart of our transient lives.
Dr Maggie Butt was Chair of the National Association of Writers in Education (NAWE) from 2007-2012, and founding Principal Editor of the peer reviewed journal Writing in Practice.
Maggie Butt lives in North London. She is married with two grown-up daughters.
Books
Quintana Roo, Acumen Publications 2003
Lipstick, Greenwich Exchange 2007
Story - The Heart of the Matter, Greenwich Exchange 2007
Petite, Hearing Eye 2010
Ally Pally Prison Camp, Oversteps Books 2011
Sancti Clandestini - Undercover Saints’’, Ward-Wood 2012Degrees of Twilight, The London Magazine, 2015The Prisoner's Wife, Penguin Random House 2020everlove'', The London Magazine, 2021
References
External links
Maggie Butt's Website
Profile at Middlesex University
Profile at Royal Literary Fund
Profile at University of Kent
English women poets
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Rodney John "Roddy" Radalj is a Croatian-born Australian musician and singer-songwriter. He has provided guitar, bass guitar and vocals in several influential Australian bands starting with Perth punk bands in the late 1970s before relocating to Sydney to become a founder of the Hoodoo Gurus in 1981 and of Dubrovniks in 1988. Since 1989, as Roddy Ray'Da he has released a number of solo albums, including Guns Girls & Guitars in 2005.
Biography
Perth punk bands
Born in Dubrovnik, Croatia, former Yugoslavia, Radalj got his start with Perth punk band The Exterminators who, via The Invaders, eventually became The Scientists in May 1978. Their earliest line-up were Kim Salmon (later a crucial member of the Beasts of Bourbon and The Surrealists) and ex-Victims drummer James Baker. Radalj stayed long enough in The Scientists to appear on their debut single, "Frantic Romantic", long regarded as one of the most collectable artefacts of the Australian punk rock era.
Sydney bands
His next band, The Rockets issued one single, "Mean Mistress" before Roddy relocated to Sydney where, in January 1981, he joined Baker, Dave Faulkner (another Perth expatriate and ex-leader of the Victims) and Kimble Rendall (ex-XL Capris) as founders of Le Hoodoo Gurus. Their debut single, "Leilani" on the Phantom label (October 1982) was an instant classic: it had three lead guitars and no bass. Just as the single appeared Radalj left the band (which became Hoodoo Gurus) to form irreverent cow-punk trio The Johnnys, nevertheless he had been a Guru long enough to have co-written with Faulkner several outstanding songs – "Leilani", "(Let's All) Turn On", "Arthur" and "Death Ship" – which appeared on the band's 1984 debut album, Stoneage Romeos. Hoodoo Gurus' iconic status on the Australian rock scene was acknowledged when they were inducted into the 2007 ARIA Hall of Fame.
Once again, Radalj only remained long enough with The Johnnys to appear on one single, "I Think You're Cute". In 1985, Radalj together with James Baker (ex Hoodoo Gurus) released a single, a cover of The Troggs' "I Can't Control Myself" with an original, "Born to Be Punched" on the B-side. The single was credited to The James Baker Experience. In 1986 Radalj teamed up again with Baker (by then ex-Beasts of Bourbon), plus Boris Sujdovic (ex-Rockets, The Scientists, Beasts of Bourbon) and Peter Simpson (ex-Spectre's Revenge) as the Adorable Ones. Within a year the Adorable Ones had renamed themselves the Dubrovniks in honour of the fact that both Radalj and Sujdovic had been born in the historical Croatian city of Dubrovnik. The band's clattering yet accessible rock'n'roll appealed on record in the shape on two 1988 singles for the Citadel label, "Fireball of Love" and "My Coo Ca Choo" and contributed to their album Dubrovnik Blues before Radalj was involved in fisticuffs onstage at the Greek Theatre in Melbourne and he moved on again. His next sideline project, the Punjabbers, issued one single, "Rock'n'Roll Loveletters", on the original Timberyard label in 1988.
Roddy Ray'Da
With backing from his own band, Roddy Ray'Da & the Surfin' Caesars (including Bill Gibson (ex-Eastern Dark), Gye Bennetts (ex-Tablewaiters) and Jim Leone and Paul Larsen from the Celibate Rifles), Radalj released his debut solo album in 1989. Produced by ex-Radio Birdman and Hitmen member Chris Masuak, Lost Lonely and Vicious [11?] was an immediate success on the Australian independent charts producing the single "Dynamite Party" Chris Masuak enlisted Bob Dutch Sattler for the lead solo guitar for that track, All the single, and album rhythm guitar is from Bill Gibson care of Chris Masuak.
As well as producing the single "Dynamite Party" the album included a rip-roarin' cover of the Dictators' "Master Race Rock". The second album, Orgazmatazz, was brimming with dexterous trash rock and a healthy sense of the absurd, as epitomised by tracks such as "Hammer the Motor", "Hellcat's Howl", "Galaxy Girl" and "Evil Woman in a Mini Skirt". Guitarist John Freckleton however replaced Bill Gibson for the "Orgazmatazz" live line up only, and the loyal for 5 years Guitarist Bob Dutch Sattler that Played basically 99% of the Lead, and 50% of all Rhythm guitar on The second album!, Orgazmatazz, with Phil Hall rhythm ace 50%, and slide guitar. As for the "Orgazmatazz" line up, John Freckleton played one frenzied wah wah solo (on the vinyl only version only), and not on the 1993, Mouthful of Chicken.
.
Following one more album in 1993 an oddly conceived extended 1st takes of rhythm, and sometimes inclusive lead solo tracks all in the same take, Bob Dutch Sattler was pressed for intensity that sometimes worked, with Roddy's passionate vocals on the highly uncharacteristic "Love Lies on the Wings of a Butterfly", an almost stair step to AOR bizarrely enough, Mouthful of Chicken, Radalj returned to Perth to attend to family matters.
Perth return
In 2005 he released Guns Girls & Guitars on the Timberyard Records label, the album was put together over a lengthy period, in four different studios, with the aid of fellow musicians Murry Cook, Matt Reddell, Mick Radalj, Simon Goodridge, Reg Zar, Lucy DeSoto, Rose Tattoo's Pete Wells, Chris Welsh, Bob Spencer and others. In late 2006 Radalj formed his latest band, The Smokin' Eldorados, sharing guitar and vocal duties with Matthew de la Hunty (Tall Tales and True), and initially with drummer Reg Zar (The Elks, Bhundu Boys and with Jeff Martin from The Tea Party) and bassist James Rogers (The Fault, Harlequin League). Rogers being replaced with Laurie Sinagra (sound engineer, who has worked with Jebediah, Downsyde, Dom Mariani, Sodastream, Gyroscope and Turnstyle) and Zar with Tim Bates.
Radalj (with de la Hunty and Jeff Strong) supplied new music for Greenhead (2007) a 55-min movie directed/produced by Mark Howett with Sinagra as Sound Producer/Engineer and starring Kelton Pell, de la Hunty and Derek Kreckler.
Discography
Radalj has been a member of the following bands:
The Exterminators (1977)
The Invaders (1977–1978)
The Scientists (1978–1979)
"Frantic Romantic"
The Rockets (1979–1980)
"Mean Mistress" / "Little Donna" (April 1980)
Hoodoo Gurus (1981–1982)
"Leilani" (1982)
Stoneage Romeos (1984)
The Johnnys (1982–1984)
"I Think You're Cute" / "Mountain Man" (October 1983)
"The Way of the West" / "There's Time"(1984)
Big Choir (1984)
Love Rodeo (1984–1985)
The James Baker Experience (1985–1986)
"I Can't Control Myself" / "Born To Be Punched" (1985)
The Adorable Ones (1987)
The Dubrovniks (1988–1989)
"Fireball of Love" / "If I Had a Gun" (April 1988)
"My Coo Ca Choo" / "Girls Go Maniac" (November 1988)
"Speedway Girls" / "Freezing Rain" (June 1989)
Dubrovnik Blues
The Punjabbers (1988)
"Rock'n'Roll Loveletters"
Roddy Radalj Band (1989)
Lost, Lonely and Vicious (1989)
"Dynamite Party"
Roddy Ray'Da and the Surfin' Caesars (1989–1994)
Orgazmatazz (1991)
A Mouthful of Chickens (1993)
Roddy Ray'Da (2005)
Guns Girls & Guitars (April 2005)
The Smokin' Eldorados (2006–present)
"Songs in the Car Keys of Life"
External links
Groove Magazine interview – James Baker
Perth Punk – Roddy Radalj
Australia Online Music interview – Roddy Radalj (4 November 2005)
2019 Interview - Australian Rock Show Podcast
See also
Punk rock in Australia
References
1961 births
Living people
Australian guitarists
Australian male songwriters
Croatian emigrants to Australia
Hoodoo Gurus members
Musicians from Perth, Western Australia
People from Dubrovnik
Australian people of Croatian descent
Australian punk rock musicians
The Scientists members |
```go
package manifest
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"github.com/containers/image/types"
"github.com/docker/libtrust"
"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
)
// FIXME: Should we just use docker/distribution and docker/docker implementations directly?
// FIXME(runcom, mitr): should we havea mediatype pkg??
const (
// DockerV2Schema1MediaType MIME type represents Docker manifest schema 1
DockerV2Schema1MediaType = "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v1+json"
// DockerV2Schema1MediaType MIME type represents Docker manifest schema 1 with a JWS signature
DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType = "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v1+prettyjws"
// DockerV2Schema2MediaType MIME type represents Docker manifest schema 2
DockerV2Schema2MediaType = "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"
// DockerV2Schema2ConfigMediaType is the MIME type used for schema 2 config blobs.
DockerV2Schema2ConfigMediaType = "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json"
// DockerV2Schema2LayerMediaType is the MIME type used for schema 2 layers.
DockerV2Schema2LayerMediaType = "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip"
// DockerV2ListMediaType MIME type represents Docker manifest schema 2 list
DockerV2ListMediaType = "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json"
// DockerV2Schema2ForeignLayerMediaType is the MIME type used for schema 2 foreign layers.
DockerV2Schema2ForeignLayerMediaType = "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.foreign.diff.tar.gzip"
)
// DefaultRequestedManifestMIMETypes is a list of MIME types a types.ImageSource
// should request from the backend unless directed otherwise.
var DefaultRequestedManifestMIMETypes = []string{
imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest,
DockerV2Schema2MediaType,
DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType,
DockerV2Schema1MediaType,
DockerV2ListMediaType,
}
// Manifest is an interface for parsing, modifying image manifests in isolation.
// Callers can either use this abstract interface without understanding the details of the formats,
// or instantiate a specific implementation (e.g. manifest.OCI1) and access the public members
// directly.
//
// See types.Image for functionality not limited to manifests, including format conversions and config parsing.
// This interface is similar to, but not strictly equivalent to, the equivalent methods in types.Image.
type Manifest interface {
// ConfigInfo returns a complete BlobInfo for the separate config object, or a BlobInfo{Digest:""} if there isn't a separate object.
ConfigInfo() types.BlobInfo
// LayerInfos returns a list of LayerInfos of layers referenced by this image, in order (the root layer first, and then successive layered layers).
// The Digest field is guaranteed to be provided; Size may be -1.
// WARNING: The list may contain duplicates, and they are semantically relevant.
LayerInfos() []LayerInfo
// UpdateLayerInfos replaces the original layers with the specified BlobInfos (size+digest+urls), in order (the root layer first, and then successive layered layers)
UpdateLayerInfos(layerInfos []types.BlobInfo) error
// ImageID computes an ID which can uniquely identify this image by its contents, irrespective
// of which (of possibly more than one simultaneously valid) reference was used to locate the
// image, and unchanged by whether or how the layers are compressed. The result takes the form
// of the hexadecimal portion of a digest.Digest.
ImageID(diffIDs []digest.Digest) (string, error)
// Inspect returns various information for (skopeo inspect) parsed from the manifest,
// incorporating information from a configuration blob returned by configGetter, if
// the underlying image format is expected to include a configuration blob.
Inspect(configGetter func(types.BlobInfo) ([]byte, error)) (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error)
// Serialize returns the manifest in a blob format.
// NOTE: Serialize() does not in general reproduce the original blob if this object was loaded from one, even if no modifications were made!
Serialize() ([]byte, error)
}
// LayerInfo is an extended version of types.BlobInfo for low-level users of Manifest.LayerInfos.
type LayerInfo struct {
types.BlobInfo
EmptyLayer bool // The layer is an empty/throwaway one, and may or may not be physically represented in various transport / storage systems. false if the manifest type does not have the concept.
}
// GuessMIMEType guesses MIME type of a manifest and returns it _if it is recognized_, or "" if unknown or unrecognized.
// FIXME? We should, in general, prefer out-of-band MIME type instead of blindly parsing the manifest,
// but we may not have such metadata available (e.g. when the manifest is a local file).
func GuessMIMEType(manifest []byte) string {
// A subset of manifest fields; the rest is silently ignored by json.Unmarshal.
// Also docker/distribution/manifest.Versioned.
meta := struct {
MediaType string `json:"mediaType"`
SchemaVersion int `json:"schemaVersion"`
Signatures interface{} `json:"signatures"`
}{}
if err := json.Unmarshal(manifest, &meta); err != nil {
return ""
}
switch meta.MediaType {
case DockerV2Schema2MediaType, DockerV2ListMediaType: // A recognized type.
return meta.MediaType
}
// this is the only way the function can return DockerV2Schema1MediaType, and recognizing that is essential for stripping the JWS signatures = computing the correct manifest digest.
switch meta.SchemaVersion {
case 1:
if meta.Signatures != nil {
return DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType
}
return DockerV2Schema1MediaType
case 2:
// best effort to understand if this is an OCI image since mediaType
// isn't in the manifest for OCI anymore
// for docker v2s2 meta.MediaType should have been set. But given the data, this is our best guess.
ociMan := struct {
Config struct {
MediaType string `json:"mediaType"`
} `json:"config"`
Layers []imgspecv1.Descriptor `json:"layers"`
}{}
if err := json.Unmarshal(manifest, &ociMan); err != nil {
return ""
}
if ociMan.Config.MediaType == imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageConfig && len(ociMan.Layers) != 0 {
return imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest
}
ociIndex := struct {
Manifests []imgspecv1.Descriptor `json:"manifests"`
}{}
if err := json.Unmarshal(manifest, &ociIndex); err != nil {
return ""
}
if len(ociIndex.Manifests) != 0 && ociIndex.Manifests[0].MediaType == imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest {
return imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageIndex
}
return DockerV2Schema2MediaType
}
return ""
}
// Digest returns the a digest of a docker manifest, with any necessary implied transformations like stripping v1s1 signatures.
func Digest(manifest []byte) (digest.Digest, error) {
if GuessMIMEType(manifest) == DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType {
sig, err := libtrust.ParsePrettySignature(manifest, "signatures")
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
manifest, err = sig.Payload()
if err != nil {
// Coverage: This should never happen, libtrust's Payload() can fail only if joseBase64UrlDecode() fails, on a string
// that libtrust itself has josebase64UrlEncode()d
return "", err
}
}
return digest.FromBytes(manifest), nil
}
// MatchesDigest returns true iff the manifest matches expectedDigest.
// Error may be set if this returns false.
// Note that this is not doing ConstantTimeCompare; by the time we get here, the cryptographic signature must already have been verified,
// or we are not using a cryptographic channel and the attacker can modify the digest along with the manifest blob.
func MatchesDigest(manifest []byte, expectedDigest digest.Digest) (bool, error) {
// This should eventually support various digest types.
actualDigest, err := Digest(manifest)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
return expectedDigest == actualDigest, nil
}
// AddDummyV2S1Signature adds an JWS signature with a temporary key (i.e. useless) to a v2s1 manifest.
// This is useful to make the manifest acceptable to a Docker Registry (even though nothing needs or wants the JWS signature).
func AddDummyV2S1Signature(manifest []byte) ([]byte, error) {
key, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
if err != nil {
return nil, err // Coverage: This can fail only if rand.Reader fails.
}
js, err := libtrust.NewJSONSignature(manifest)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := js.Sign(key); err != nil { // Coverage: This can fail basically only if rand.Reader fails.
return nil, err
}
return js.PrettySignature("signatures")
}
// MIMETypeIsMultiImage returns true if mimeType is a list of images
func MIMETypeIsMultiImage(mimeType string) bool {
return mimeType == DockerV2ListMediaType
}
// NormalizedMIMEType returns the effective MIME type of a manifest MIME type returned by a server,
// centralizing various workarounds.
func NormalizedMIMEType(input string) string {
switch input {
// "application/json" is a valid v2s1 value per path_to_url .
// This works for now, when nothing else seems to return "application/json"; if that were not true, the mapping/detection might
// need to happen within the ImageSource.
case "application/json":
return DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType
case DockerV2Schema1MediaType, DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType,
imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest,
DockerV2Schema2MediaType,
DockerV2ListMediaType:
return input
default:
// If it's not a recognized manifest media type, or we have failed determining the type, we'll try one last time
// to deserialize using v2s1 as per path_to_url#L108
// and path_to_url#L50
//
// Crane registries can also return "text/plain", or pretty much anything else depending on a file extension recognized in the tag.
// This makes no real sense, but it happens
// because requests for manifests are
// redirected to a content distribution
// network which is configured that way. See path_to_url
return DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType
}
}
// FromBlob returns a Manifest instance for the specified manifest blob and the corresponding MIME type
func FromBlob(manblob []byte, mt string) (Manifest, error) {
switch NormalizedMIMEType(mt) {
case DockerV2Schema1MediaType, DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType:
return Schema1FromManifest(manblob)
case imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest:
return OCI1FromManifest(manblob)
case DockerV2Schema2MediaType:
return Schema2FromManifest(manblob)
case DockerV2ListMediaType:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Treating manifest lists as individual manifests is not implemented")
default: // Note that this may not be reachable, NormalizedMIMEType has a default for unknown values.
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unimplemented manifest MIME type %s", mt)
}
}
// layerInfosToStrings converts a list of layer infos, presumably obtained from a Manifest.LayerInfos()
// method call, into a format suitable for inclusion in a types.ImageInspectInfo structure.
func layerInfosToStrings(infos []LayerInfo) []string {
layers := make([]string, len(infos))
for i, info := range infos {
layers[i] = info.Digest.String()
}
return layers
}
``` |
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